PMID- 1102775 TI - The use of the digitizer in physiological research. PMID- 1102776 TI - Pancreatic beta cell changes induced by cyproheptadine in vitro. AB - The effect of cyproheptadine on the structure and function of rat pancreatic beta cells was studied in vitro by culturing isolated islets in media containing the drug (0.5 mM). After 8 days in culture the ultrastructure of islet cells maintained in control media appeared well preserved, being similar to the previously reported for islets kept in long term organ culture. In contrast beta cells from islets incubated in media containing cyproheptadine appeared degranulated and the rough endoplasmic reticulum showed cisternal dilation and vacuole formation. These vacuoles were filled with an electron-dense granular material and their surface was usually studded with ribosomes. These lesions are identical with those produced by the administration of cyproheptadine to rats in vivo. In addition to these findings, increased numbers of lysosomes and myeloid bodies were observed in both alpha and beta cells. Compared with that of the controls, the 24-hour basal insulin secretion of islets cultured in the presence of cyproheptadine was significantly reduced from the 4th day of the study onwards. It is thus concluded that cyproheptadine has direct effects on the morphology and function of the rat pancreatic beta cell. PMID- 1102777 TI - Age dependence of viral expression. Electron microscopic and immunoperoxidase studies of Measles virus replication in mice. AB - The hamster neurotropic strain of measles virus inoculated intracerebrally into BALB/c mice causes a uniformly fatal encephalitis with production of infectious virus in 1- to 2-day-old suckling mice but a 31 per cent mortality with production of measles virus antigen without production of infectious virus in 4 week-weanling mice (8). These two groups of animals were studied using routine electron microscopy and the immunoperoxidase technique in order to determine the nature of the measles virus antigen produced in each situation. Suckling animals showed numerous cytoplasmic viral inclusions in neurons and glia. This nucleocapsid material stained specifically with rabbit antiserum to measles virus antigen overlayed with peroxidase-conjugated goat antirabbit gamma-globulin. Histologic and electron microscopic study of weanling mice revealed rare necrotic cells and occasional loose clusters of neurons with depolymerized ribosomes. Immunoperoxidase staining showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining of similar groups of neurons and dendritic processes without evidence of nucleocapsid material. These differences in virus replication appear to be a function of the maturation of the host cell rather than the measles virus. Hamster neurotropic virus infection of the weanling mouse is an example of a potentially fatal virus infection in which viral replication is defective at a stage prior to assembly of nucleocapsid material; thus, no direct morphologic evidence that the cause of the clinical disease is a viral infection is present. PMID- 1102778 TI - Cinemicrographic studies on beta granule movement in monolayer culture of islet cells. AB - Monolayer cultures of adult rat islets were used for cinemicrographic studies on the movement of beta granules in the cytoplasm of beta cells. Stimulation of insulin release by glucose produced a significant increase in the amount of beta granule movement in the cultured cells. Disruption of the microtubular system with vinblastine or stabilization of microtubules with deuterium oxide inhibited the induction of granule movement by glucose. Incubation of the cultures in the absence of calcium inhibited glucose-induced movement of beta granules, whereas the subsequent addition of calcium permitted movement to occur. The addition of epinephrine also inhibited glucose-induced beta granule movement. In the presence of nonstimulating levels of glucose, movement of beta granules was present. The amount of movement varied from cell to cell suggesting a difference in base line activity of individual beta cells. The movement of individual beta granules was saltatory in type, and the average rate of movement was 1.5 mum. per second. The study demonstrated that directed movement of beta granules occurs following stimulation with glucose and adds further support to the hypothesis that the microtubular-microfilamentous system is involved in the intracellular translocation of beta granules to the cell surface where they are released by emiocytosis. PMID- 1102779 TI - The relationship between discrimination and articulation training in children with misarticulations. AB - In the context of a training study, the functional relationship between discrimination and production was investigated. Four subjects were selected for study. For two subjects, Condition I consisted of production training followed by a discrimination probe and Condition II consisted of discrimination training followed by a production probe. For the other two subjects, the conditions were reversed. In production training, the subjects were trained to correctly articulate three consonant-vowel (CV) syllables in response to nonsense pictures. In discrimination training the subjects were trained to find nonsense pictures in response to three CV syllables. Probe measures were administered to determine if changes occurred in one modality after training the other modality. Results indicated that production training was effective in changing both articulation and discrimination; however, discrimination training was effective in changing only discrimination. PMID- 1102780 TI - Progress in the resolution of the cytoplasmic membrane DNA initiation complex of Escherichia coli. AB - The attachment of the bacterial chromosome to the cytoplasmic membrane in Escherichia coli was studied. The initiator DNA was specifically labeled and the outer and cytoplasmic membranes were separated in a step sucrose gradient. The labeled DNA was localized mainly in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction. The DNA . cytoplasmic membrane complex was isolated from cells uniformly labeled with [Me 3H]thymidine, solubilized with deoxycholate and chromatographed on Sepharose 4B. A high percent of the labeled DNA was excluded in the void volume but a small fraction eluted associated with the second protein elution peak. The isolation of such a DNA . cytoplasmic membrane protein complex, suggests useful strategies for future studies about the molecular components of the initiation complex in E. coli. PMID- 1102781 TI - Degradation of DNA . RNA hybrids by aggregates of pancreatic ribonuclease. PMID- 1102782 TI - Binding of ethidium bromide to ribosomal RNA. Absorption, fluorescence, circular and electric dichroism study. AB - The interaction between ethidium bromide and ribosomal RNA has been studied by means of absorption, fluorescence, circular and electric dichroism measurements in the near ultraviolet and visible regions at low ionic strength (1 . 10(-3) and 6 . 10(-3). The results have been interpreted on the basis of a model of interaction involving the intercalation of the phenanthridinium ring of the dye in the double-stranded regions of the RNA molecule, resulting in an increase of the dye-dye interactions as compared to DNA, and a stiffening of the intercalation regions. PMID- 1102783 TI - Characterization of the particles produced by exposure of ribosomal subunits to urea. AB - When Escherichia coli 50-S ribosomal subunits are treated with increasing concentrations of urea partial deproteination occurs. Furthermore, we observed that the number of sulfhydryl groups which react with Ellman's reagent is a sigmoidal function of the urea concentration. These results are similar to those previously reported for the 30-S subunit (Acharya, A.S. and Moore, P.B. (1973) J. Mol. Biol. 76, 207-221). For both subunits we identify the proteins which dissociate (split proteins) or are recoverable in a ribonucleoprotein particle (core proteins) under the action of 6 M urea in a buffer of moderate ionic strength. PMID- 1102784 TI - Physical and coding properties of poly(5-aminouridylic acid) and of 5 aminouridine-containing trinucleotides. AB - This report concerns the synthesis of poly(5-aminouridylic acid) and of 5 aminouridine-containing trinucleotides. Starting from 5-aminouridine the nucleoside 5'-phosphate was prepared enzymatically with carrot phosphotransferase whereas the nucleoside 5'-diphosphate was prepared chemically and polymerised with polynucleotide phosphorylase. The aminouridine-containing trinucleotides were prepared by known enzymatic procedures. Besides an increase of stability in the secondary structure poly(nh25U) forms a triple-stranded complex with poly(A) and stimulates the poly(Phe) synthesis like poly(U). In contrast to U-nh25U-U, the triplet containing the 3'-terminal aminouridine does not stimulate the binding of Phe-tRNA to 70-S ribosomes. This behavior is discussed with respect to the influence of a modification on the stacking geometry of a codon and the base pairing scheme between the 5'-nucleotide of the anticodon and the 3'-nucleotide of the condon. PMID- 1102785 TI - The psychological and physiological effect of hydration on male college athletes. PMID- 1102786 TI - Renzo Chiesi (1914-1975). PMID- 1102787 TI - Lack of effect of Vitamin A on corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression. PMID- 1102788 TI - Vitamin A and immunosuppression of allografts in dogs and rabbits. PMID- 1102789 TI - Computed cranial tomography. PMID- 1102790 TI - Gilbert Joseph Levy, M.D. PMID- 1102791 TI - Conformational studies of steroids: correlations with biological data. PMID- 1102792 TI - Drug-delivery systems and the biological activity of steroids. PMID- 1102793 TI - Analysis of steroids by liquid-gel chromatography and computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 1102794 TI - Radioimmunoassay of steroids in biological fluids. PMID- 1102795 TI - Assessment of reliability of steroid radioimmunoassays. PMID- 1102796 TI - Production and secretion of 5alpha-reduced testosterone (DHT) by male reproductive organs. PMID- 1102797 TI - Sources of reducing equivalents for cytochrome P-450 mitochondrial steroid hydroxylations in rat adrenal cortex cells. PMID- 1102798 TI - Estrogen stimulation of specific protein synthesis: regulation and physical characterization of IP. PMID- 1102799 TI - Androgen regulation of RNA synthesis in target tissues. PMID- 1102800 TI - Clinical and functional correlation of plasma steroids--diagnostic uses. PMID- 1102801 TI - Studies of the relation of plasma androgen levels to androgen action in women. PMID- 1102802 TI - Local effects of topically applied steroids. PMID- 1102803 TI - Inter-relationships between plasma angiotensin II, arterial pressure, aldosterone and exchangeable sodium in normotensive and hypertensive man. PMID- 1102804 TI - Rhythms in the secretion of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids. PMID- 1102805 TI - Energy conservation and uncoupling in mitochondria. AB - Energy conservation and uncoupling in mitochondria are examined in the light of three important new findings: (a) Studies with the photoaffinity-labeling uncoupler 2-azido-4-nitrophenol have shown that mitochondria contain a specific uncoupler binding site (apparently a polypeptide of Mr = 30,000 +/- 10%). (b) This site fractionates into an enzyme complex (complex V), which is capable of oligomycin- and uncoupler-sensitive ATP-Pi exchange. It is absent from electron transfer complexes I, III, and IV, which represent segments of the respiratory chain containing coupling sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. (c) Trinitrophenol is a membrane-impermeable uncoupler (uncouples submitochondrial particles, but not mitochondria) and a poor protonophore. There is an excellent correlation between the uncoupling potencies and the affinities of uncouplers for the mitochondrial uncoupler-binding site. There is no correlation between uncoupling potency and protonophoric activity of uncouplers when a membrane-permeable uncoupler is compared with a membrane-impermeable one. PMID- 1102806 TI - Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphosarcoma with a new chlorambucil ester of prednisolone (Leo 1031) (NSC-134087). AB - A new chlorambucil ester of prednisolone (LEO 1031) has been evaluated in patients with advanced lymphocytic lymphosarcoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. All 11 patients had been previously treated with radiotherapy and/or combination chemotherapy. Three complete remissions and one partial remission were seen in 4/7 lymphocytic lymphosarcoma patients treated with LEO 1031. In the chronic lymphocytic leukemia group, 3/4 have had benefit. This new drug is considered worthy of further trial. PMID- 1102807 TI - Presidential address. The birth of a society. PMID- 1102808 TI - Inaugural address. Thoracic surgery comes to Alta California. Part II. PMID- 1102809 TI - Pulmonary hyperinflation. A form of barotrauma during mechanical ventilation. AB - Barotrauma has been used to describe several specific complications related to mechanical ventilation. These include tension lung cyst, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, and subcutaneous emphysema. Pulmonary hyperinflation, another such complication, occurred in 6 patients, being fatal in 3. Two pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed. The simpler, and well recognized, ball-valve airway obstruction allows inspiration of air delivered by the mechanical ventilator but prevents expiration. A more complex circumstance exists when pulmonary contusion or infiltration produces differential lung compliances. This allows extreme hyperinflation of areas of normal lung during attempts to ventilate abnormal lung of low compliance. This mechanism is particularly evident when positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used in an attempt to open collapsed ventilatory units. Functional complications of lung hyperinflation include decreased alveolar ventilation and compression effects on adjacent structures. Interference with and shifts of regional lung perfusion may worsen gas exchange. Proper treatment includes airway clearance by bronchoscopy, the judicious use of bronchodilators, the discontinuance of PEEP, and adjustments of mechanical ventilators to prevent high airway pressures. PMID- 1102810 TI - Carpentier's annulus and De Vegas annuloplasty. The end of the tricuspid challenge. AB - A study evaluating the durability of two recent techniques of tricuspid annuloplasty was conducted simultaneously in two institutions. One group working in Madrid, Spain, used Carpentier's ring in 32 patients. The other in Montreal, Canada, employed De Vega's semicircular annuloplasty in 17 cases. Competence of the tricuspid valve was obtained in nearly all cases at the time of surgery and persisted after a mean follow-up of 10.3 months (Madrid) and 11.5 months (Montreal) in 77 per cent of the cases. Light (1/3) residual tricuspid insufficiency was detected in 16.5 per cent; moderate (2/3) incompetence persisted in only 6.5 per cent. The majority of the patients with residual tricuspid insufficiency had unsuccessful or incomplete repair of left-sided heart lesions. PMID- 1102811 TI - A simple method of resuscitation and short-term preservation of the canine cadaver heart. AB - A simple technique of resuscitation of the canine cadaver heart is described. The method includes internal manual cardiac massage and positive-pressure ventilation of the lungs after isolation of the heart-lung preparation from the rest of the systemic circulation. This techniqle proved successful in 20 of 25 cases after periods of anoxic cardiac arrest ranging from 15 to 128 minutes (average 35 minutes). An evaluation of the state of the myocardium in the postresuscitation period was made by a number of hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, blood chemistry, and histopathological observations, with particular note being taken of those relating to left ventricular contractility and to hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) staining. PMID- 1102812 TI - Josef Stalin: a medical case history. PMID- 1102813 TI - Recollections of 50 years of the medical and chirurgical faculty. PMID- 1102814 TI - [Lung as a metabolic organ]. PMID- 1102815 TI - Effects of age on length of hospital stay in a low-income population. AB - A major focus of efforts to monitor and control health care expenditures has centered on factors related to hospital length of stay. Age, in particular, is usually assumed to be an important correlate of hospital length of stay, especially when diagnosis and hospital variables are also taken into account. In an analysis of data representative of Medicaid cases in 23 large New York City hospitals during 1972, these effects turn out to be less clear-cut than generally assumed. Although the first-order coefficients of length of stay regressed on age and the rank order correlation of the means are statistically significant, such wide differences in length of stay within age groups remain as to reduce the substantive impact of the observed findings. This same pattern of wide variations within age groups persists even when diagnosis is controlled by use of up to 80 covariant groups. In over half the 80 diagnostic categories, no significant age effects was found. When the age analysis is repeated using 23 hospitals as the covariants, estimated age effects differed between institutions, and a similar pattern of large within-group variation was observed. These findings are interpreted as a caveat to health care researchers who might otherwise plan overly sophisticated utilization review systems. PMID- 1102816 TI - Johann Christian Reil's training scheme for medical auxiliaries. PMID- 1102817 TI - The effects of the plague on a provincial town in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. PMID- 1102818 TI - James Lind and the cure of scurvy: an experimental approach. PMID- 1102819 TI - The venders of medicines advertised in eighteenth-century Bath newspapers. PMID- 1102820 TI - William Ford Robertson (1867-1923): his study of neuroglia. PMID- 1102821 TI - Julius Preuss. PMID- 1102822 TI - David Edwardes: his activities at Cambridge. PMID- 1102823 TI - A visit to Sir Charles Sherrington. PMID- 1102824 TI - Paget's disease in an Anglo-Saxon. PMID- 1102825 TI - Obituary. Douglas James Guthrie, M.D., D.LITT., F.R.C.S.E., F.R.C.P.E., F.R.S.E., 8 September 1885 - 8 June 1975. PMID- 1102826 TI - [Ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the acute phase of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 1102827 TI - [New methods of circulatory support: cardiac transplant as auxiliary pump (author's transl)]. AB - A simple method of dystopic cardiac transplantation as a left-heart bypass was experimentally studied and details of the method are described. The hemodynamic investigation of this biological assisted circulation on the normal and failing heart, which was induced by subtotal occlusion of the asc. aorta, as well as its longtime support of the chronically damaged left myocardium showed the efficacy of this method. The advantages of this biological method in comparison to that of mechanical devices and orthotopic cardiac transplantation are discussed. PMID- 1102828 TI - Prevention of meatal stenosis in conchal setback otoplasty. AB - The conchal setback is a useful technique for correcting many prominent ear deformities. A disadvantage of the technique in some cases is meatal stenosis of the external auditory canal. By excising a portion of meatal cartilage, this problem is prevented. The technique is illustrated and post-operative result is shown. PMID- 1102829 TI - The treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy. PMID- 1102830 TI - The confusion of titles in the medicolegal field: an historical analysis and a proposal for reform. PMID- 1102831 TI - [Sense and nonsense in dietetics. IX. Pregnancy]. PMID- 1102832 TI - [Incidence, age and sex distribution in bacteriuria. Recent epidemiologic study]. PMID- 1102833 TI - [Function of the hypophysis and Leydig cells following kidney transplantation]. PMID- 1102834 TI - [Clinical testing of a bronchospasmolytic drug in retard form]. PMID- 1102835 TI - [Results of a field trial of the coronary drug Adalat (BAY a 1040)]. PMID- 1102836 TI - [Effects and adverse effects of antidiabetic derivatives of biguanide]. PMID- 1102837 TI - [Clinical experience with Paspertin in gastroenterology]. PMID- 1102838 TI - Asthma mortality: an analysis of one years experience, review of the literature and assessment of current modes of therapy. AB - This analysis of asthma mortality has emphasized the roles played in its pathogenesis by different modes of therapy as reported in the literature. In addition attention was directed towards yet another potentially lethal therapeutic modality, IPPB, the efficacy and potential benefits of which are critically questioned. IPPB treatments were related to every fatal episode of asthma which made up the entire asthma mortality experience during a 12 month period at Morrisania Hospital. The adverse consequences of IPPB therapy were reviewed and it was further suggested that its use in acute asthma attacks was related to lethal episodes of hypoxia and pneumothorax. The patient must, in order to trigger an IPPB apparatus, create a pre-determined negative pressure to initiate inflation. The machine may, therefore, be ineffective in a patient with severe obstruction and greatly increased airway resistance either because of the inability to trigger it or with adequate triggering the subsequent delivery of an inadequate tidal volume at the pressure limitation set. Thus, severe hypercapnia and hypoxia may result especially if oxygen enriched gas mixtures are not used. This may occur even with the delivery of an adequate tidal volume since its distribution within the lungs is poor resulting in a worsening of ventilation perfusion relationships as evidenced by an increase in the measured physiologic dead space. This experience and review of the literature suggests that IPPB treatment in asthma, especially during an acute attack, should always be administered with small doses of nebulized bronchodilators and oxygen with careful monitoring of arterial blood gases. This will allow for the detection of the adverse effects of this mode of therapy which may exceed the hoped for benefits, the most important being bronchodilatation and subsequent mobilization of secretions with continued treatment. PMID- 1102839 TI - Animal models of inappropriate hyperglycemia. PMID- 1102840 TI - Nucleic acid hybridization to the DNA of cytological preparations. PMID- 1102842 TI - Mutagenesis in cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 1102841 TI - Automated cell cycle analysis. PMID- 1102843 TI - Purity and stability of radiochemical tracers in autoradiography. PMID- 1102844 TI - 125I in molecular hybridization experiments. PMID- 1102845 TI - Methods for monitoring the growth of yeast cultures and for dealing with the clumping problem. PMID- 1102846 TI - Preparation and growth of yeast protoplasts. PMID- 1102847 TI - Dissecting yeast asci without a micromanipulator. PMID- 1102848 TI - Use of micromanipulators in yeast studies. PMID- 1102849 TI - Genetic mapping in yeast. PMID- 1102850 TI - The use of mutants in metabolic studies. PMID- 1102851 TI - Isolation of regulatory mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 1102852 TI - Methods for selecting auxotrophic and temperature-sensitive mutants in yeasts. PMID- 1102853 TI - Isolation and characterization of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae able to grow after inhibition of dTMP synthesis. PMID- 1102854 TI - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that incorporate deoxythymidine 5' monophosphate into DNA in vivo. PMID- 1102855 TI - Mutants of meiosis and ascospore formation. PMID- 1102856 TI - Methods in sporulation and germination of yeasts. PMID- 1102857 TI - Synchronous mating in yeasts. PMID- 1102858 TI - Synchronous zygote formation in yeasts. PMID- 1102859 TI - Continuous cultivation of yeasts. PMID- 1102860 TI - [Effect of debariocidine on Candida albicans and Debariomyces kloeckeri]. PMID- 1102861 TI - Effect of pyrimethamine on the morphology and ultrastructure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Sub-lethal levels of the folate analogue, pyrimethamine, caused pronounced cell elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain B41 when grown in glycerol medium. The orientation of bud development was also altered. Electron microscopy of thin sections showed an increase in cell wall thickness, but apart from this and the overall cell shape, the ultrastructure of the cells was normal. The structural abnormalities are attributed to alterations in the plasmalemma caused by protein synthesis inhibition in the mitochondria. PMID- 1102862 TI - Nucleic acid homology studies among Candida albicans, Syringospora albicans and Leucosporidium species. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid (DNA-RNA) hybridization technique was used to investigate nucleic acid homologies among acid Candida albicans, Syringospora albicans and the Leucosporidium species (L. nivalis, L. capsuligenum, L. frigidum, L. gelidum, L. antarcticum). The nucleic acid homology between C. albicans, S. albicans and the Leucosporidium species was very low (ranging from about 7-11% for C. albicans and 8-12-5% for S. albicans), indicating the unrelatedness of C. albicans to the basidiomycetous yeast genus Leucosporidium. PMID- 1102863 TI - A quantitative radioautographic comparison of albumin concentration in different dized lymph vessels in normal mouse lungs. PMID- 1102864 TI - Highlights of 19th century anaesthesia in Egypt. PMID- 1102865 TI - Spina bifida occulta and spina bifida cystica and related manifestations (a review article). PMID- 1102866 TI - Concepts in thermal burn therapy. PMID- 1102867 TI - The significance of cardiac arrhythmias in the septic patient. PMID- 1102869 TI - Editorial: Rediscovering the past. PMID- 1102868 TI - Did Jan Swammerdam beat Galvani by 134 years? PMID- 1102870 TI - Clinical engineering and the background of interdisciplinary engineering. AB - A history of the interplay between the physical and life sciences is presented. Many of the discoveries that resulted from research conducted by life and physical scientists are described. The type of training required for effective interdisciplinary work is briefly discussed. PMID- 1102871 TI - Historical notes on electroresuscitation. AB - The historical development of techniques and instrumentation for electroresuscitation is traced from its inception in 1774 to the twentieth century; an overview of recent developments in electroresuscitation terminates with the introduction of modern defibrillators and cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 1102872 TI - A survey of the history of electrical stimulation for pain to 1900. AB - This paper traces the history of the use of electricity to treat pain, beginning with the first century A.D. practice of using the torpedo fish to treat gout, continuing through the eighteenth-century use of electrostimulation as an analgesic, up to 1900 when electroanalgesia fell into disrepute. The author recognizes the early empiric nature of electrotherapy as it was catalogued by the Reverend John Wesley, and the beginnings of speculation on the mechanism of pain relief by Berlioz, Sarlandiere, and others. PMID- 1102873 TI - Role of scientific societies in disseminating knowledge and fostering research on x-rays. AB - On December 28, 1895, W.C. Rontgen submitted to the Wurzburg Physical Medical Society his paper, "On a New Kind of Rays," for publication. By the time he presented it orally on January 23, 1896, worldwide interest had been generated by newspaper publicity, which first appeared on January 7. Scientific societies through their meetings and official journals played an important part in stimulating interest and fostering research on X-rays. This paper notes specific contributions of some of these medical societies, particularly the American Philosophical Society, the New York Electrical Society, the New York Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Electro-Therapeutic Association. By the end of 1896, 50 scientific books and more than 1000 scientific papers on X-rays had been published. PMID- 1102874 TI - Theories of the causes of death from electricity in the late nineteenth century. AB - During the period 1880-1900, the first studies were conducted to aid in understanding the effects of electricity on the human body. Commercial electrical systems were being developed, with the first central station for incandescent lighting placed in operation in 1882. The proliferation of these new stations and their distribution systems inevitably led to accidental electrocutions. The early investigators of electrical death were primarily physicians who were troubled by the incomplete electrical knowledge of that time as they evaluated the different effects of direct and alternating currents and high and low currents. Most of the studies used animals, while postmortem examinations of electrocuted criminals provided some information, though of little practical value, concerning high current shocks. Various theories concerning suspended animation and concerning the action of electricity on the nervous system were proposed and discarded. In 1899, Prevost and Battelli in Europe, and Cunningham working independently in the United States, showed that ventricular fibrillation was the usual mode of death for low-voltage shocks. The possibility of electrical defibrillation of the heart was clearly described by Prevost and Battelli in 1899. PMID- 1102875 TI - Electrostatic discharges for treating skin lesions: does it deserve some new research? PMID- 1102876 TI - Electrical stimulation for drop foot, 1772. PMID- 1102877 TI - A controlled trial of maprotiline (Ludiomil) in depressed outpatients. AB - A double blind comparison is reported of a new tetracyclic antidepressant, maprotiline, with amitriptyline and placebo in psychiatric outpatients. Amitriptyline was significantly more effective than placebo in its global effect on depression. Maprotiline emerged as neither inferior to amitriptyline nor superior to placebo. Methodological difficulties prevented an adequate assessment of the anxiolytic activity of maprotiline. PMID- 1102878 TI - John Aloysius O'Brien. PMID- 1102879 TI - A comparative study of two dicyclomine preparations in functional bowel disorders. AB - Using a double-blind crossover technique in patients suffering from maladies associated with gastrointestinal spasm, sustained-release 40 mg dicyclomine hydrochloride tablets (Merbentyl Dospan) have been compared with 20 mg plain dicyclomine hydrochloride tablets (Merbentyl). It has been concluded that these two dicyclomine formulations are equivalent in terms of efficacy and low incidence of side effects. PMID- 1102880 TI - Occam's razor. PMID- 1102881 TI - Frank Fairfax Ellis. PMID- 1102882 TI - Richard Gilmore Welch. PMID- 1102883 TI - Letter: Tinea capitis--a warning. PMID- 1102884 TI - General immune status in cancer therapy. AB - Theoretical considerations in immunotherapy, such as the timing of challenge, which could rank second to reduction of tumour volume in producing lasting regressions, are outlined and illustrate the need for tests to monitor immune status. Estimation of immunosuppression, in order to define cancer therapy schedules providing least interference with what might be useful host response to tumour, is described in terms of a reliable radioimmunoassay method assessing lymphocyte replicating ability (LRA). The extent of the effect of radiation or radiomimetic drugs in vitro can be shown upon LRA in response to phytohaemagglutinin or to irradiated cells. In clinical research LRA assessment makes a satisfactory test of the general immune state of patients undergoing cancer treatments, given that matched control subjects are available throughout the period of observation to allow repeated assessment of the relative response. An assured relative response seems feasible if all examinations are related to a common standard, the stored reference lymphocyte. Conversely a relative response can be measured against stored target cells. PMID- 1102885 TI - John Boyd Colquhoun. PMID- 1102886 TI - [Youth and sports]. PMID- 1102887 TI - [Psychological studies of a long-term treatment of the neurovascular syndrom with Trivastal (author's tranls)]. AB - With Trivastal, a double blind study including placebo control was carried out with 66 patients at the age between 55 and 67. These persons were patients of several practioners and were treated because of different phenomena of the neurovascular psychosyndrome. They received 1 dragee daily at the beginning of the treatment, then additional dragees up to the amount of 3, 4 and 5 (or 6 according to the case) over a period of 14 weeks. The control of efficiency consisted in 13 psychometrical measurements: Measurement of reaction time, flicker fusion test, "fluency"-tests according to Guilford, self rating scale for the measurement of general psycho-physical condition, several tests for the control of memory functions, projective tests to determine emotional factors and a semi-standardized interview for the control of subjective symptoms of the neurovascular psychosyndrome. Data were evaluated by variance analysis and covariance analysis. Trivastal improved the cerebral metabolism, so that the treatment resulted in an improvement of vigilance and of psychomotor functions, in a better adaptation to demands of everyday affairs and in a higher efficiency of different memory functions. Finally, the patients returned to a normal level of psychic behaviour and managed their social integration more easily. PMID- 1102888 TI - [Pathogenesis and clinical picture of fatty liver]. PMID- 1102889 TI - [Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's regional enterocolitis. Common aspects and differentiation]. PMID- 1102890 TI - [Spontaneous peripheral proteolysis as a disturbing factor (author's transl)]. AB - With a modification of the Astrup - fibrin - plate method about 300 patients were investigated. In chronic infections of the skin and mucous membranes a spontaneous peripheral proteolysis was found. There is a connection between infections, proteolysis and chronic continuance. PMID- 1102891 TI - [Enteral yersiniosis. Mesenteric lymphadenitis]. PMID- 1102892 TI - [Fundamental cardiac and vascular effects of Ca++-antagonistic coronary drugs]. PMID- 1102893 TI - [Incidence of embolism in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 1102894 TI - [Perfume in medicine]. PMID- 1102895 TI - [Biofeedback and learning]. PMID- 1102896 TI - [Clinical and biochemical findings of acromegaly patients (author's transl)]. AB - In 32 cases of acromegaly growth hormone analyses in serum were carried out by means of intra venous dosing of glucose (hyperglycemia suppression test). Both in individual cases and collectively the growth hormone concentrations fluctuate considerably. 19 patients had average concentrations of 10 to 30, 5 of 30 to 70, 4 of more than 100 and 3 patients of 5 to 10 ng/ml. The level of the pathological growth hormone concentrations doesn't correlate with the presumable duration of the affection, the glucose tolerance and the extension of the acromegalic alterations. 5 patients showed an euthyroid recidiv goiter, 4 patients a hypothyroid goiter, 2 of these patients at the same time showed a secondary hypoadrenalism and 3 patients an autonomous thyroid adenoma. The eosinophilic hypophysis tumors were mostly intrasellar. 4 patients out of 5 with suprasellar tumor distension showed an optic chiasm syndrome. PMID- 1102897 TI - [Risk factor and constitution]. PMID- 1102898 TI - [2 prescriptions bearing the name of King Karl]. PMID- 1102899 TI - [Local treatment of the locomotion apparatus diseases with a flufenamic acid ointment. Results of a double-blind test]. PMID- 1102900 TI - [Experiences with the oral antidiabetic agent, Glurenorm, in diabetics with kidney diseases]. PMID- 1102901 TI - [Treatment of angina pectoris with beta-blockaders and nitrites in a fixed combination (test preparation LBI-45)]. PMID- 1102902 TI - Morphological and immunological characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes, group A, type 50. AB - Streptococcus pyogenes, group A, type 50, in contrast to other group A streptococci, causes spontaneous disease in mice thereby providing a suitable experimental model for the study of human streptococcosis. Type 50 possesses various peculiar morphological and immunobiological characteristics and under certain conditions forms and extremely thick non-antigenic capsule which seems to interfere with the binding of antibody. This interference is most likely responsible for the difficulties in detecting type 50 streptococci in the tissues of infected mice by immunofluorescent staining. Whereas the surface components (hyaluronic acid, M-antigen) of the type 50 Streptococcus exhibit several uncommon features, the more deeply located cell wall antigens, like peptidoglycan and C-carbohydrate, do not differ in either their chemical constituents or their serological reactions from the comparable components of other group A streptococci. PMID- 1102903 TI - [Drawings of a psychotic child]. PMID- 1102905 TI - William David Coolidge, 1873-1975. PMID- 1102904 TI - [In memory of Borde Kluka,M.D]. PMID- 1102906 TI - Early history (1936--1946) of nuclear medicine in thyroid studies at Massachusetts General Hospital. PMID- 1102907 TI - Hanson Blatz, 1907--1975. PMID- 1102908 TI - [Methyl-partricin in the treatment of candidosis of the oral cavity in infants. Controlled research]. PMID- 1102910 TI - Diagnostic laboratories: what should they provide? PMID- 1102909 TI - Medicine in the time of John T. Hodgen. PMID- 1102911 TI - Mutations affecting mitotic recombination frequency in haploids and diploids of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. AB - A haploid strain of Asp. nidulans with a chromosome segment in duplicate (one in normal position on chromosome I, one translocated to chromosome II) shows mitotic recombination, mostly by conversion, in adE in a frequency slightly higher than in the equivalent diploid. A method has been devised, using this duplication, for the selection of rec and uvs mutations. Six rec mutations have been found which decrease recombination frequency in the haploid. One mutation selected as UV sensitive showed a hundred fold increase in recombination frequency in the haploid (pop mutation) and probably the same in diploids. The increased frequency is both in gene conversion and in crossing over, and the exchanges appear in clusters of two or more. pop is allelic to uvsB (Jansen, 1970) which had been found to affect mitotic but not meiotic recombination. It is suggested that mutations of this type interfere with the control mechanism which determines that high recombination is confirmed to the meiotic nuclei and avoided in somatic nuclei. PMID- 1102912 TI - Expression of ribosomal protein genes in Escherichia coli. AB - Streptomycin or spectinomycin treatment of an E. coli strain, carrying the strR and spcR alleles on the chromosome and the wild-type (sensitive) alleles on the episome, selects for inactivation of the relevant sensitive allele. After Mu induced mutagenesis, in the absence of selection against extended deletions upon the episome, a large proportion of stro mutants are also spco, and vice versa. However, when markers flanking the strA and spcA gene cluster are simultaneously selected, effectively eliminating long deletions, the majority of stro mutants continue to express the spcs allele, and vice versa. Insofar as inactivation after Mu treatment is due to prophage insertion within or proximal to the genes in question, this result indicates that the genes strA and spcA are not parts of a single operon. In virtue of the high frequency of extended deletions observed in the absence of suitable counter-selection, we must place a word of caution upon the use of phage Mu-1 as a means of isolating polar mutations and defining transcriptional units. PMID- 1102913 TI - UV-induced reversion patterns of constitutive and repressed Salmonella histidine auxotrophs. AB - An unlinked regulatory mutation hisT1504, causes an approximate 11-fold derepression of the histidine (his) operon and a linked constitutive mutation hisO1242 causes an approximate 15-fold derepression. In this study we demonstrate that hisT1504 provokes a significant increase in the UV-induced reversion frequency of his ochre and frameshift mutations. Analysis of revertants derived from frameshift mutants show that this increment in derepressed strains compared to the repressed strains is due to better growth of suppressed revertants by weak frameshift suppressors. The frequency of revertants suppressed by strong frameshift suppressors appears to be the same in repressed and derepressed strains. In contrast, intragenic revertants appear at two-fold decreased frequency in derepressed strains carrying either of the histidine constitutive mutations, hisT1504 or hisO1242. A possible competition is indicated between frequently transcribing RNA polymerase and error-promoting recombinational repair within the histidine operon. PMID- 1102914 TI - Analysis of the ribosomes engaged in the synthesis of the outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli. AB - The messenger RNAs for the outer membrane proteins in E. coli are more stable than the bulk of the messenger RNA s (Hirashima et al., 1973). Polysomes, enriched in those containing stable mRNAs have been isolated following rifampicin treatment and have been shown to contain quantitatively the same complement of ribosomal protein as normal polysomes. There is one exception: ribosomal protein S1 is present in larger amounts in the polysomes containing stable messengers. However, there are grounds for believing this finding to be an artifact. It is concluded that the differences between outer membrane protein synthesis and bulk protein synthesis are not due to a difference in the ribosomes. PMID- 1102915 TI - Lomofungin inhibition of allophanate hydrolase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The RNA polymerase inhibitor, lomofungin has been used to determine the half life of specific synthetic capacities (invertase and alpha-glucosidase) as well as that for gross protein synthesis. In both cases the studies conclude that cognate messenger RNAs decay with a half life of approximately 20 minutes. This antibiotic has been used to determine the half life of allophanate hydrolase specific synthetic capacity. We find that it decays with a half life of about three minutes; a value that agrees with the decay rates of allophanate hydrolase synthetic capacity following removal of inducer. These observations argue that mRNA may be metabolized by two separate routes in Saccharomyces. PMID- 1102916 TI - Initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli. II. Effect of rifampicin on the resumption of replication of F episome and chromosome upon the returning of dna mutants from a non-permissive to a permissive temperature. AB - When E. coli F+ cells carrying the dna-167 or dnaC2 mutation, which causes the temperature-sensitive initiation of DNA replication, are exposed to a non permissive temperature to stop the replication of chromosome and F factor, and then transferred back to a permissive temperature with the addition of chloramphenicol, one round of the chromosomal replication occurs, but further replication is inhibited. Under these conditions, F DNA replicates coincidentally with the initiation of the chromosomal replication in both strains. When rifampicin is added to the cells upon lowering of the temperature, the chromosome can not replicate in the F+ dna-167 strain, but can do so in the F+ dnaC2 strain. F DNA can replicate in both of the mutant strains under these conditions. PMID- 1102917 TI - Initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli. III. Genetic analysis of the dna mutant exhibiting rifampicin-sensitive resumption of replication. AB - Temperature-sensitive mutants defective in the initiation of DNA replication are exposed to a non-permissive temperature to complete already initiated replication, and are transferred back to a permissive temperature. DNA synthesis can resume in the presence of rifampicin or rifampicin plus chloramphenicol in strain PC2 (dnaC2), but not in strain N167 (dna-167). In the presence of chloramphenicol alone, however, DNA synthesis can resume in both strains (Hirage and Saito, 1973, 1974). The double mutants carrying the dna-167 and dnaC2 mutations show the rifampicin-sensitive resumption of DNA replication as the dna 167 mutant. The rifampicin-sensitive character (designated as Rrr-) is closely linked with the temperature sensitivity of the dna-167 mutant in P1 transduction. The gene order is dna-167-tna-phoS-uncA-ilv. The Rrr- character does not correlate with the inactivation of the altered product of the mutated dna-167 gene at various temperatures in the double mutant carrying dna-167 and dnaC2. Although dnaC2 strains show the Rrr+ phenotype, the dnaC2 strains received the ilv-dnaA region of the Ts+ revertants obtained from a dna-167 strain show the Rrr phenotype. These results suggest that the dna-167 mutant has two mutations which are closely linked to each other, controlling the Rrr- phenotype and the temperature sensitivity, respectively. PMID- 1102918 TI - The kinetics of derepression of prophage lambda following ultraviolet irradiation of lysogenic cells. AB - Double lysogens for prophages lambda cI+ and lambda cI ind-ts-857 are induced only by the combined effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and high temperature, not by either treatment alone (Sussman and Jacob, 1962). We have followed the kinetics of inactivation of the cI+ repressor brought about by irradiation in asynchronously and synchronously growing cultures of B/r (lambda cI ind- ts-857). Assays of the yield of phage released as a result of temporary thermal inactivation of the UV-resistant ind- ts-857 repressor at intervals after the irradiation accurately reflect the time course of UV-induced inactivation of the cI+ repressor. The results show that UV-induced derepression takes place in all cells of the population approximately 20 min after the irradiation whether the cells were growing asynchronously or synchronously. Hence UV induction of prophage lambda is not triggered at a particular stage in the cell cycle. PMID- 1102919 TI - Cytoplasmic and nuclear mutations to chloramphenicol resistance in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Two chloramphenicol resistance mutations out of 123 tested in Aspergillus nidulans are inherited extranuclearly as judged by transmissibility in heterokaryons, lack of segregation at meiosis, and independent segregation from all of the eight nuclear linkage groups. They do not recombine with each other. However, experiments in collaboration with G. Turner and R.T. Rowlands show that they do recombine with cytoplasmic mutations to oligomycin resistance (Rowlands and Turner, 1973) and cold-sensitivity (Waldron and Roberts, 1973). These cytoplasmic chloramphenicol resistance mutations are stable and do not affect growth or morphology on antibiotic-free media. Nuclear mutations to chloramphenicol resistance map at a minimum of three loci. At one of these loci, most, but not all, mutations lead pleiotropically to cycloheximide hypersensitivity, and most of these, but not all, also confer pleiotropic hypersensitivity to salicylhydroxamic acid. PMID- 1102920 TI - Direct selection of mutants restricting efficiency of suppression and misreading levels in E. coli B. AB - We describe a method for the direct selection of E. coli mutants restricting efficiency of suppression and misreading levels using a T4-coded nonsense suppressor. One mutant isolated has the phenotype expected for a restrictive mutant and may be ribosomal. Other possibilities are discussed. PMID- 1102921 TI - Effect of m3 gene on the development of phage P22. AB - Mutation of the gene m3 of phage P22 causes permanent depression of macromolecular synthesis in the infected host and thus inhibits phage development as indicated by burst size and lysozyme production. The permanent depression of macromolecular synthesis is most probably due to blockage of the transport process. The m3 allele is dominant over m+. m3 allows some transcription of phage genes (however, the difference between early and late function is not clear). The inhibitory effect of m3 on DNA synthesis may be indirect. PMID- 1102922 TI - Preferential ribosomal RNA synthesis in the lysate of Escherichia coli. AB - The RNA synthesis in non-viscous lysates containing the intact folded chromosome and cytoplasm fractions prepared from Escherichia coli has been examined in vitro. The RNA synthesis not only by chain extension but also by new chain initiation occurs in this system. While the RNA synthesis by chain extension takes place on the chromosome fraction alone (Pettijohn et al., 1970), an addition of the cytoplasm fraction is necessary for the synthesis by new chain initiations (de novo synthesis). Analyses of the in vitro synthesized RNA by hybridization-competition and by sucrose gradient centrifugation show that 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs account for about 40% of the total RNA products. The cytoplasm fraction is required for the de novo synthesis of ribosomal RNA at high relative rate. Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) does not specifically inhibit ribosomal RNA synthesis in this system. PMID- 1102923 TI - The role of methionine transport-defective mutations in resistance to methionine sulphoximine in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Two classes of Salmonella typhimurium mutants resistant to inhibitory methionine analogues and defective in methionine transport have been examined. A mutant of the first class, resistant to alpha-methylmethionine, was shown by conjugation analysis to possess a single mutation in the metP gene which specifies a methionine transport system. Mutants of the second class, resistant to alpha methylmethionine and methionine sulphoximine, possess two mutations. One is in the metP gene, which accounts for resistance to alpha-methylmethionine, and the other is in a gene designated glnP which results in reduced L-glutamine transport. Both of these mutations are required for resistance to methionine sulphoximine. A transduction analysis of three metP mutations was performed, based on the fact that they prevent growth of methionine-requiring strains on D methionine. Two of the mutants are closely linked and therefore probably in the same gene, whereas the third mutant might be in a different gene. PMID- 1102924 TI - Genetic properties of some amber-ochre supersuppressors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - 21 amber-ochre supersuppressor alleles have been isolated in a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Their dominance-recessiveness, temperature sensitivity, allelism, intergenic and intragenic complementation properties and their effect on cell viability and colony growth rate have been characterized. They are compared with the yeast amber-ochre supersuppressors described by Inge-Vechtomov and Andrianova (1970a, b) and Hawthorne and Leupold (1974). The possible molecular basis of their suppressor activity is discussed in relation to their genetic properties. PMID- 1102925 TI - Transience of the donor state in an Escherichia coli K12 strain carrying a repressed R factor. AB - De-repression of the plasmid R100 in Escherichia coli is essentially a transient phenomenon resulting in the transfer of several R factors to different recipient cells from a single donor cell. PMID- 1102926 TI - Further structural and functional analogies between the repressor regions of phages P22 and lambda. AB - Mutants of P22 which have been located in the c2 repressor gene were examined. The most rightward "c2 mutation" was found to define a site that is necessary only for the establishment and not for the maintenance of repressor synthesis. We conclude that this site c27 is an analog of cy mutants in phage lambda which define a promotor for repression establishment (pre). The K5 mutation of P22 maps between c27 and all other c2 mutants. Examination of its biological behavior and direct measurement of repressor activity show that K5 does not affect c2 repression. A model to explain these findings implies that c27 and K5 affect transcripts of opposite directions. P22 c1 mutants do not allow c2 repressor synthesis and we conclude that the activity of c1 product (and presumably c3 product) at the site defined by c27 is necessary for repressor synthesis. The combined activity of c1 and c3 product at c27 is postulated to promote repressor synthesis and block transcription of vegatative phage genes to the right of K5. After repressor synthesis has been established, another site analogous to lambda prm is sufficient for repressor synthesis and c27 is no longer required. These observations and conclusions point to a very close analogy between repressor synthesis and control in phages P22 and lambda. PMID- 1102927 TI - DNA degradation in minicells of Escherichia coli K-12. II. Effect of recA1 and recB21 mutations on DNA degradation in minicells and detection of exonuclease V activity. AB - The properties of minicell producing mutants of Escherichia coli deficient in gentic recombination were examined. Experiments were designed to test recombinant formation in conjugal crosses, survival following UV-irradiation in cells, and the state of DNA metabolism in minicells. The REC- phenotypes are unaffected by min+/- genotypes in whole cells. In contrast to minicells produced by rec+ parental cells, minicells from a recB21 strain have limited capacity to degrade linear, Hfr transfereed DNA. The lack of a functional recA gene product, presumably involved in inhibiting the recBC nuclease action(s), permits unrestricted Hfr DNA breakdown in minicells produced by a recA1 strain. This results in an increase in TCA soluble products and in the formation of small DNA molecules that sediment near the top of an alkaline sucrose gradient. Unlike the linear DNA, circular duplex DNA from plasmids R 64-11 or lambdadv, segregated into the minicells, is resistant to breakdown. By using in vitro criteria, and [32P]-labelled linear DNA from bacteriophage T7 for substrate, we found that the ATP-dependent exonuclease of the recBC complex (exo V) is present in rec+ and recA- minicells, and is lacking in the recB21 mutant. In fact, the absence of a functional exo V in recBC- minicells results in isolation of larger than average Hfr DNA from minicells. We suggest that recombination (REC) enzymes segregate into the polar minicells at the time of minicell biogenesis. This system should be useful for studies on DNA metabolism and functions of the recBC and recA gene products. PMID- 1102928 TI - Polarity of suppression in the lactose operon. AB - The effect of suppression on enzyme synthesis was examined in 43 amber mutations of the gene for beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli. The ordering of mutations in the gene revealed two clear gradients in the number of molecules of suppressed beta-galactosidase formed by suppression. One gradient extended over the operator proximal third of the gene and the other over the operator-distal third. The central third of the gene gave no consistent pattern of suppression. Assays of thiogalactoside transacetylase showed that the polarity produced by chain terminating mutations was abolished by suppression. These experiments suggest that the polar effects of chain-terminating mutations on distal genes are the secondary results of translational defects in the mutant gene. The polarity gradients may result from a supposed secondary structure to the messenger RNA of the lactose operon. PMID- 1102929 TI - Segregation into the replication of bacteriophage M 13 DNA in minicells of Escherichia coli. AB - Minicells derived from E. coli x796(F+) are refractory to infection by phage M 13. However, after infection of the minicell-producing strain with M 13, phage DNA is found to segregate efficiently into newly formed minicells. The M 13 specific DNA present in minicells isolated several hours after infection consists of single stranded viral DNA and double stranded replicative forms in nearly equal amounts. M 13 DNA containing minicells are capable of carrying out at least one complete round of single stranded DNA synthesis as shown by the flow of label from replicative forms to free single strands. PMID- 1102930 TI - The fate of a bacterial plasmid in mammalian cells. AB - When hamster cells are infected with the bacterial plasmid colicinogenic factor E1 (ColE1), as much as 5-8% of the input plasmid radioactivity is found in the recipient cell, mainly in the nuclear fraction. Density shift experiments with bromodeoxyuridine labeled ColE1 DNA indicate that part of the input DNA may be replicated in the nucleus. ColE1 specific RNA but no colicin E1, can be detected during the first two generations after the uptake of ColE1 DNA. However, extrachromosomal ColE1 DNA is unstable in the mammalian cells and is degraded to acid soluble fragments after a few generations. PMID- 1102931 TI - Isolation and characterization of mutants with a feedback resistant N acetylglutamate synthase in Escherichia coli K 12. AB - Mutants with a feedback resistant N-acetylglutamate synthase have been isolated from a proA/B, argD, argR strain by screening for proline excretion on minimal medium with arginine. The feedback resistant character of three mutants was transduced into an argA (N-acetylglutamate synthase negative) strain. It was cotransducible with argA at a frequency of greater than 99%. N-acetylglutamate synthase extracted from the three mutants was approximately one hundred times less sensitive to L-arginine than the enzyme from the feedback sensitive parent strain. PMID- 1102932 TI - Pyrimidine biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans: isolation and preliminary characterisation of auxotrophic mutants. AB - 113 pyrimidine auxotrophs, unable to synthesise UMP have been selected in Aspergillus nidulans. These mutants can be classified by complementation into eight groups, and genetic analysis has shown that five loci are involved. One complex locus consists of the mutually complementing pyrA, pyrB and pyrC groups, as well as the cis-dominant pyrN group, members of which do not complement with members of the A, B or C groups. pyrA mutants have been shown to lack CPSase-ur, pyrB and pyrC mutants have been shown to lack ACTase, and pyrN to lack both these enzymes. This locus appears to code for products which form an enzyme aggregate. The four simple loci, as well as the complex loci have been located genetically, and distinguished from one another on the basis of accumulation of pyrimidine precursors in vivo. The synthesis of ACTase has been shown to subject to end product repression. PMID- 1102933 TI - Transcriptional control of the isoleucine-valine messenger RNA's in E. coli K-12. AB - Hybridization of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) isolated from Escherichia Coli K-12 to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from lambdaCI857st68h80dilv was used to detect isoleucine-valine (ilv) specific mRNA. A number of strains partially constitutive for the isoleucine-valine enzymes had levels of ilv mRNA 2 to 3-fold higher than the parent strain. Starvation for any of the branched-chain amino acids resulted in a 20 to 23-fold increase in ilv mRNA as compared to repressed levels. These differences were not due to altered growth rates or to changes in the stability of ilv mRNA. These data indicate that regulation of the isoleucine valine enzymes by multivalent repression occurs mainly at the level of transcription. Kinetics of elongation of ilv mRNA after repression are consistent with the assumption that the mechanism of multivalent repression involves the prevention of further initiations by RNA polymerase. PMID- 1102934 TI - DNA restriction and modification systems in Salmonella. III. SP, a Salmonella potsdam system allelic to the SB system in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - By screening 42 Salmonella strains with P3, a temperate bacteriophage with an unusually wide host range, five new DNA restriction and modification systems (R-M systems) were identified in five different serotypes in Kauffmann-White group C. One of these systems, SP, in a Pl-sensitive strain of S. potsdam, was analyzed genetically by Pl transduction methods in which SP was transferred into S. typhimurium and C. coli/S. typhimurium hybrids. It was found that the genes of the SP system were allelic and functionally homologous to the genes of the SB system of S. typhimurium. PMID- 1102935 TI - Genetic analysis of unequal transmission of the mitochondrial markers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The presence of mitochondrial sex factor, omega, was demonstrated in haploid strains of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which came from our laboratory. Transmission and recombination of the mitochondrial genes (CR/CS, ER/ES and OR/OS), conferring the resistance/sensitivity to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and oligomycin, respectively, were non-polar in homosexual crosses and highly polar in heterosexual crosses. Different results were obtained in crosses involving an erythromycin resistant mutant G706E11 (CSEROS) which was found to contain cellular DNA of diploid level. This strain was omega- and showed no alleles from G706E11 (CS, ER and OS) were transmitted to the zygote progeny in preference to the CR, ES and OR alleles. When crossed to omega+ haploid strains, there was a highly polar recombination, but no transmission was seen for the E and O alleles. Polar transmission of markers from omega+ haploid parental strain, characteristic of heterosexual crosses, was noticed only for the C allele. The crosses of G706E11 to omega+ haploids featured an increase in the recombination frequency. The values of % suppressiveness of sigma- petite mutants were relatively low when determined by crossing to G706E11 or to sigma+ diploid strain M2-8C rather than by crossing to sigma+ haploid strains, indicating that there is a positive correlation between the polar transmission of drug resistance markers and the suppressiveness degrees. Genetic mechanism of the anomalous behaviors if mitochondrial genes in crosses involving G706E11 was discussed and interpreted as due to an unbalanced supply of mitochondrial genomes from parental strains. PMID- 1102936 TI - Electron microscopic observations of the tsxs gene expression in Escherichia coli K12F- cells after conjugation with Hfr bacteria. AB - After matings between T6 sensitive (Tsxs) Hfr and T6 resistant (Tsxr) F- cells, the Tsxs zygotes have been observed by electron microscopy: They adsorb a small number of T6 particles if compared to what is observed several generations later. Moreover, the T6 receptors synthesized by these zygotes are not located randomly but in a central region of the cell surface. PMID- 1102937 TI - Integrative suppression of a dnaA mutation in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Integrative suppression of a dnaA mutation in Salmonella typhimurium may result from the integration of F'lac or F'his into the chromosome in the left hand side of the chromosomal map. The suppressed revertants resulting from this integration do not contain DNA of the F' elements in the covalently closed circular (CCC)1 form but still contain the CCC DNA of the cryptic LT2 plasmid. Two suppressed revertants isolated from dnaA/F- strains were found in which the suppression of dnaA character was accompanied by the loss of CCC DNA from the cell lysates. From one of these revertants a segregant was isolated in which the return to the dnaA phenotype was accompanied by the reappearance of CCC DNA in the cell lysate. It is suggested that the cryptic plasmid may integrate into the chromosome of S. typhimurium and this integration may result in suppression of the dnaA mutation. Additional evidence suggesting that the cryptic plasmid controls its own initiation of replication independently of the function of the chromosomal dnaA gene is supplied by the results of the determination of incorporation of labelled thymidine into CCC DNA of the dnaA1 strain at the nonpermissive temperature. PMID- 1102938 TI - Escherichia coli mutants uvr D and uvr E deficient in gene conversion of lambda heteroduplexes. AB - Calcium-treated cells of E. coli K-12 C600 were transfected with lambda heteroduplex DNA carrying the marker cIts857 in one strand and wildtype in the other. In single burst analyses of the phage progeny, 72-79% of the bursts were "pure" bursts containing either exclusively wildtype phage or exclusively mutant phage, indicating that conversion of the cIts857/+ mismatch to a homoduplex structure prior to replication occurred with this frequency. The r-strand1 appears to be "preferred", since pure bursts of progeny with the r-strand genotype were almost twice as frequent as those with the l-strand genotype. Examination of the conversion frequency of a number of rec and uvr E. coli mutants showed that the mutants uvr D and UVR E are deficient in mismatch repair. Conversion is reduced in the former by a factor of 2 and in the latter by a factor of 3. PMID- 1102939 TI - Induction of prophage lambda during the division cycle of Escherichia coli. AB - When synchronous populations of Escherichia coli B/r (lambda) were exposed to low doses of ultraviolet light, the yield of infective centres varied with cell age. The yield was highest if the lysogenic bacteria were irradiated at a time which coincides approximately with the termination of rounds of DNA replication and it was lowest when dividing cells were irradiated. No such variation was detected following either irradiation of excision-defective lysogenic cells or thermal induction of lambdacI857 prophage in irradiated bacteria. It is suggested that the variation reflects a relationship between prophage induction and inhibition of cell division. This hypothesis is supported by data showing that irradiation promoted induction and curtailed division in E. coli K12 dnaA mutants which were dividing in the absence of DNA replication. PMID- 1102940 TI - Mutagen specificity in the induction of mitotic crossing-over in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A diploid yeast strain, D81, was constructed heterozygous for seven recessive markers linked on the left arm of chromosome VII to study the localization of induced mitotic crossing over. The mutagens used were carofur also called nifurprazinum (1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(6-amino-3-pyridazyl)-ethylene hydrochloride), diepoxybutane, ethylmethanesulfonate, nitrous acid and 1 nitrosoimidazolidinone-2. All agents induced high frequencies of mitotic crossing over at doses exerting only a low degree of killing. The distribution of recombinational events was compared for five intervals. The distribution pattern of spontaneous mitotic crossing over was different from all the patterns obtained after mutagenic treatments. Nitrous acid and diepoxybutane induced the same pattern, which was different from the patterns induced by carofur, EMS and 1 nitrosoimidazolidinone-2. The patterns induced by the latter three mutagens were again different amongst each other. Repeat experiments showed that the patterns induced by a given mutagen were reproducible. Tetrad analysis with a representative sample of segregants induced by diepoxybutane and carofur showed that the treatments actually induced mitotic crossing-over. The pattern of meiotic recombinational events was different from those of spontaneous and mutagen induced mitotic recombination. Inducibility of mitotic crossing-over was low at the proximal and distal ends of the chromosome arm and highest in the middle. Each interval showed a different response to those mutagens that differed in their patterns of induced mitotic crossing over. The observed mutagen specific effects are considered as an indication of mutagen specificity. No plausible explanation for mutagen specificity could be given. However, the data presented reveal the same situation as found in induction of chromosome breaks, as reported by other authors. Apparently, mutagen specificity is quite a general phenomenon even for genetic effects in larger intervals of a chromosome. PMID- 1102941 TI - Location of the argR gene on the chromosome of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The regulatory gene (argR) for the arginine biosynthetic pathway has been located at 106 min on the chromosome of S. typhimurium. In addition, the location of the gene specifying cytosine deaminase (cod) has been more precisely determined. PMID- 1102942 TI - Replication of phiA and phiX174 in Escherichia coli mutants thermosensitive in DNA synthesis. AB - Thermosensitive mutants of E. coli defective in DNA replication were tested for their capacity to support multiplication of phiA and phiX174. At the restrictive temperature, the viral growth was markedly affected in dnaH, dnaZ, or ligts7 mutants. Even when these strains were transfected with RF1 molecules, the virus yield was still very low. The dnaI function was, however, dispensable for replication of phiA and phiX174. In addition, these viruses could multiply in dnaP or polAts mutants at the high temperature. PMID- 1102943 TI - Citrate synthaseless glutamic acid auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Relationship of citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) to the biosynthesis of glutamic acid was investigated by characterizing a new glutamic acid auxotroph FL100-D1 (glu 3) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nutritional requirement of the mutant was satisfied by L-glutamic acid, L-glutamic acid peptide as well as several analogs of glutamic acid, but not by proline, ornithine, arginine, lysine or aspartic acid. The mutant was unable to utilize nonfermentable carbon sources, glycerol, acetate or lactate. Mutant glu3 unlike aconitaseless glutamic acid auxotroph glu 1, failed to accumulate 14C-citric acid in vivo from 1-14C-sodium acetate or U 14C-glutamic acid. Both spectrophotometric and radioactive assay procedures demonstrated a lack of significant citrate synthase activity in the dialysed extract of the mutant compared to the wild type strain. Mutant glu 3 complemented with glu 1 and glu 2 individually in vivo and exhibited a significant aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3) activity in vitro. PMID- 1102944 TI - The role of IF-3 in the translation of T7- and phi80trp messenger RNA. AB - The DNA dependent synthesis of proteins was studied with a system composed of DNA, washed ribosomes, centrifuged (150,000 X g) bacterial extract from Escherichia coli and purified initiation factors IF-1 and IF-2. Synthesis of active enzymes encoded by the tryptophan (trp)-operon of E. coli was found to depend strongly on the addition of IF-3, with the same IF-3 dependency for all 5 gene-products of this operon, irrespective of the presence of the promotor proximal gene trpE. Synthesis of T7 RNA polymerase with T7 DNA as a template, however, was completely independent of the addition of IF-3. The same difference in IF-3 requirement was found when we compared the overall protein synthesis directed by these templates. This difference could be related to the effect of IF 3 on the formation of initiation complexes with the in vitro prepared mRNA: initiation complexes are readily formed with T7 mRNA also in the absence of IF-3, whereas the formation of these complexes with phi80trp mRNA almost completely depends on the presence of this factor. PMID- 1102945 TI - The segregation of mitochondrial genes in yeast. I. Analysis of zygote pedigrees of petite X grande crosses. AB - A large number of spontaneous, cytoplasmic petite mutants from six grande strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were crossed to a pair of isogenic tester strains. Suppressivity values were obtained by randomly sampling the diploid progeny from these crosses, and this basis, crosses were broadly categorized as having high, intermediate, or low suppressivity. For each cross, individual zygotes were obtained also. All successive first-generation buds were isolated from the zygotes, and analyzed for the presence of petite genotypes. We found that, though early buds may be mixed, all zygotes eventually produce a succession of buds which have the same genotype--either all petite or all grande. Many more zygotes from crosses in all categories of suppressivity purified to petite than expected from the population values for suppressivity. Reconstruction experiments indicate that most petite mutants may actually generate over 90% petite progeny in a petite X grande cross. PMID- 1102946 TI - The segregation of mitochondrial genes in yeast. II. Analysis of zygote pedigrees of drug-resistant X drug-sensitive crosses. AB - Cytoplasmically inherited chloramphenicol- and erythromycin-resistant mutants were obtained in three unrelated and two isogenic haploid strains of yeast. The bias favoring the transmission of these resistance alleles in crosses to the isogenic strains was compared on two levels: on the population level by means of observing random diploid progeny from mass matings, and on the zygote level by zygotic pedigree analyses. The genetic basis of this bias was determined by tetrad analysis. Our results suggest that 1. an intracellular selection mechanism operates within zygotes to determine the degree of bias; 2. the selection mechanism operates differently with respect to the two loci, C and E, under consideration; and 3. the selection mechanism is controlled by a set of nuclear genes. Other models which have been suggested to explain bias are critically examined in light of our results. PMID- 1102947 TI - Polynucleotide phosphorylase can participate in decay of mRNA in Escherichia coli in the absence of ribonuclease II. AB - In a mutant strain defective in polynucleotide phosphorylase, under conditions where the enzyme becomes limiting, it is possible to demonstrate that chemical as well as functional half lives of mRNA become longer if the strain is also missing ribonuclease II. These results allow to unify in a simple model a variety of observations about turnover of RNA in a variety of bacteria. PMID- 1102948 TI - Correlation of 30S ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli fractionated on carboxymethyl-cellulose column chromatography to the standard nomenclature. AB - The nomenclature proposed by Otaka et al. (1968) for the 30S ribosomal protein components of Escherichia coli as separated by carboxymethyl(CM)-cellulose column chromatography was adopted in several papers in which the genetic loci for many 30S ribosomal proteins on the E. coli chromosome were determined. In order to compare these data with those obtained in other laboratories, the 30S ribosomal proteins fractionated by CM-cellulose chromatography were correlated with thestandard nomenclature proposed by Wittmann et al. (1971). PMID- 1102949 TI - Temperature related alterations in the acidic alanine-rich "A" protein from the 50S ribosomal particle of the extreme halophile, Halobacterium cutirubrum. AB - 50-S ribosomal subunits from the extreme halophilic bacterium, Halobacterium cutirubrum, contain an alanine-rich acidic "A" protein which resembles the L7- L12 multimer (Kaltschmidt and Wittmann, 1970) found in the 50-S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli cells. The protein contains 24 mole % alanine and is devoid of histidine, tryptophan and cysteine. Unlike E. coli which has two forms of the "A" protein distinguished solely by the acetylation state of the serine amino terminus. H. cutirubrum 50-S subunits contain only one unsubstituted form of the "A" protein in vivo. However, during purification of ribosomes from cells grown between 25 and 37 degrees C the latter "A" protein undergoes rapid, specific, in vitro enzymatic alteration at its carboxy-terminal end. When the halophile is grown in the temperature range of 40 to 42 degrees C the cleaving enzyme is not active and only one form of the "A" protein is found on the ribosomes. PMID- 1102950 TI - Two replication initiation sites on R-plasmid DNA. AB - Replicating DNA molecules of a deletion mutant of the conjugative R-plasmid R 6 K are cleaved at a single site by the EcoRI restriction endonuclease. Electron microscope examination and measurements of the EcoRI treated replicative intermediate molecules indicate that replication can be initiated at two sites on the plasmid DNA molecule. The two sites are located at about 23 and 39% of total length, respectively, from the EcoRI cleavage site. About 5% of the replicating molecules use both replication initiation sites simultaneously. PMID- 1102951 TI - Parameters of gene expression in the bipolar argECBH operon of E. coli K12. The question of translational control. AB - The pattern of divergent transcription of the argEC BH cluster of genes previously demonstrated by the hybridization of RNA to the separated strand of a phi 80 darg transducing phage, is confirmed with the DNA of a set of different lambdadarg phages. The accurate determination of argE and argCBH m-RNA levels in different steady states of expression of the arg regulon supports the following conclusions: 1. The ratio between maximal (derepressed) and minimal (repressed) rates of expression is lower when it is expressed in terms of % hybridizable RNA than in terms of expression is lower when it is expressed in terms of % hybridizable RNA than in terms of enzyme specific activities. The discrepancy is about 3 fold. Thus in conditions of repression, the cell produces relatively more unused m-RNA than in derepression. Different interpretations of this phenomenon appear possible: a) the messenger RNA molecules synthesized in repressed cells could be degraded more rapidly or translated less efficiently than in derepressed cells. b) an untranslated segment of the RNA could account for a larger part of the RNA detected in repression than in derepression. These interpretations are not mutually exclusive. 2. The discrepancy observed between the amplitudes of variation of argE and argC BH expression, expressed in terms of enzyme specific activities, is, in fact, determined at the level of DNA transcription. This provides direct evidence for the occurrence of differential transcription effectiveness in a regulon exhibiting a correlative but not strictly coordinated pattern of enzyme synthesis. This also supports our earlier suggestion regarding the possible complexity of the internal operator region situated between argE and C. PMID- 1102952 TI - Proteinchemical studies on ribosomal proteins S4 and S12 from ram (ribosomal ambiguity) mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - Proteins S4 and S12 were isolated from ribosomes of three mutants of Escherichia coli in which dependence on streptomycin caused by alteration in protein S12 is suppressed by an altered protein S4. Proteinchemical studies on the mutant proteins gave the following results: Proteins S12 from all three mutants differ from S12 of the wild type by the replacement of proline to leucine in peptide T15. In all mutant S4 proteins a replacement og glutamine to leucine at amino acid position 53 was found. In addition to this replacement at position 53 a glutamic acid residue at position 199 near the C-terminus was deleted in one of the three mutants. However, this deletion is not necessary for the ability of the mutant S4 protein to suppress dependence on streptomycin. The results support the hypothesis that ram mutants and "revertants" from streptomycin dependence to independence belong to the same class although they were isolated by different selection procedures. PMID- 1102953 TI - Susceptibility of a hybrid plasmid to excision of genetic material. AB - A 5 Megadalton segment of DNA carrying a gene for kanamycin resistance from R447 b (a plasmid of group N of molecular weight 33 Megadaltons) has been inserted into Plac (a plasmid of the A--C complex of molecular weight 101 Megadaltons) to produce the recombinant plasmid Plac-R447 b (Coetzee, 1974). The recombinant plasmid is a typical member of the A--C complex except that entry of an N group plasmid into a Plac-R447 b+ recipient frequently leads to the loss of 5 Megadaltons of DNA (including the kanamycin resistance determinant) from the resident plasmid. In those transcipients from which kanamycin resistance is not eliminated, both plasmids are stably inherited. PMID- 1102954 TI - Catabolite repression in Escherichia coli K12 mutants defective in glucose transport. AB - The phenomenon of glucose catabolite repression was studied in Escherichia coli mutants unable to transport this carbohydrate. The pts I,H mutant P34 was much less sensitive to permanent and transient repressive effect of glucose on beta galactosidase synthesis than parental type. The 1103 mutant with lack of enzyme 1 of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (ptsI) behaves as well as P34 mutant after addition of glucose to casamino acids mineral medium. But in minimal medium with succinate as the sole source of carbon cells of the 1103 mutant (in accordance with the data of Perlman and Pastan, 1969) show hightened sensibility to transient glucose repression. The effect of hypersensibility disappears when the lacI mutation rendering the beta galactosidase synthesis to costitutivity is introduced in 1103 mutant. It is shown that the hightened sensibility of beta-galactosidase synthesis to glucose transient repression in 1103 mutant is not an effect of the pts mutation and most probably is due to "inducer exclusion" of the lac operon. It is also shown that if one introduces the P34 mutation in strain devoided of one of the enzymes II for glucose (gptA) (and due to this resistant to glucose catabolite repression) then the level of resistance in double mutant does not increase in spite of considerable supression of 14C glucose accumulation. It is discussed the role of separate components of Escherichia coli K12 glucose transport system in realization of the phenomenon of catabolite repression. PMID- 1102955 TI - The interaction of Ca2+ with mitochondria, with special reference to the structural role of Ca2+ in mitochondrial and other membranes. PMID- 1102956 TI - Deep mycosis in children. PMID- 1102957 TI - Ichthyosis with hair defects. PMID- 1102958 TI - Diseases of the skin of the newborn. PMID- 1102959 TI - Insights on the child development movement in the United States. AB - The introduction explains that the purpose of the Monograph is not to present a systematic history of child development in this country, which has been done by others, but rather to enrich portions of the record with individual accounts and reactions to personal experiences. It then proceeds to a discussion of the value, and pitfalls, of oral history for those who probe the past. The body of the Monograph necessarily is confined to certain areas and to a limited number of people who were interviewed, since hundreds of pages of transcripts representing some 80 people have been amassed. With a view to the widest possible coverage of materials in the tapes, three major topics are developed: (1) the reactions of people who have worked in child development to some of the major figures and influences in the field during the careers, (2) the relationship of the study of child development to pediatrics and child psychiatry through the years as viewed by various scientists in a position to hold opinions worth hearing, (3) the relevance of the child development movement to better child care practices in the United States. In this last section, questions of whether it is desirable to gear research to matters of social relevance and whether it is possible-or advisable given the present state of knowledge for scientists to provide answers in planning for children are considered from vastly differing viewpoints. Also the related problem of the protection of research from misrepresentation by those who want a headline or have biases to buttress is briefly touched on in this section. The conclusion presents various viewpoints as to the appropriateness of the word "movement" as a description of what has taken place in child development. In that connection the Society for Research in Child Development is discussed, as are also the difficulties, encountered by the field in general and by the institutes in particular, which impeded the whole effort. PMID- 1102960 TI - Advances in understanding the effects of vasectomy. PMID- 1102961 TI - Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. PMID- 1102962 TI - Alan F. Guttmacher, M.D.: his role in teaching human sexuality. PMID- 1102963 TI - Charlotte Auerbach and chemical mutagenesis. AB - A review is presented of the many conceptual contributions of Charlotte Auerbach to the development of the field of chemical mutagenesis during the past thirty years. The following aspects are discussed: (1) differences between the genetic effects of chemicals and X-rays; (2) mosaicism, delayed mutation and replicating instabilities; (3) mutation as a cellular process; (4) specificity; (5) dose effect curves, and (6) correlation between different kinds of damage. PMID- 1102964 TI - Mutagenicity studies in microorganisms in vitro, with extracts of mammalian organs, and with the host-mediated-assay. PMID- 1102965 TI - Proceedings: Fungicides causing mitotic segregation in Aspergillus diploids. PMID- 1102966 TI - Proceedings: Comparative mutagenicity studies with S. typhimurium of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN), after metabolic activation with liver and lung microsomes. PMID- 1102967 TI - The immune response to polysaccharides from yeast-like fungi in sensitized experimental animals. PMID- 1102968 TI - Inoculation of basidiomycetes into mice: tissue reaction and survival of fungi in tissues. PMID- 1102969 TI - [Ureteral obstruction due to a candida bezoar following kidney transplantation]. PMID- 1102970 TI - [The lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) for the demonstration of sensibilization to fungi. 1. Demonstration of the method]. PMID- 1102971 TI - [Immunologic reactions with Candida albicans]. PMID- 1102972 TI - [The occurrence of Candida albicans in the human environment]. PMID- 1102973 TI - [Clinical problems in mycology: Aspergillus and Candida]. PMID- 1102974 TI - [Granulomatous candida mycosis in a Kodiak bear (Ursus arctos middendorfi); mycological and histological studies]. PMID- 1102975 TI - [Morphology of cell forms of visceral mycotic agents. Studies on the polysaccharide and protein histochemistry. 7. Cryptococcus neoformans]. PMID- 1102976 TI - Termination of restricted diet in children with phenylketonuria: a randomized controlled study. AB - This study demonstrates the feasibility of a randomized controlled investigation of terminating the phenylalanine-restricted diet in four-year-old children with phenylketonuria. The parents of 14 of 16 children gave informed consent, knowing their children would be randomly assigned to either a diet-continuation or a diet termination group. Compared with the continuation group, the mean serum phenylalanine of the termination group was 15.1 mg per dl higher (P less than 0.005) one year, and 9.2 mg per dl higher (P less than 0.025) two years after diet termination. Mean weight gain between four and six years of age was 3.4 kg greater in the terminated than in the continued group (P less than 0.01). There were no significant differences in mean head circumferences, height or performances on psychologic tests. At age six, mean I.Q. in the terminated group was 99.8, in those continuing the diet 103.6. Children in both groups showed some subtest scatter in memory and concentration. Thus, no harmful effects of diet termination were noted, but a longer period of observation in a larger number of subjects is needed. PMID- 1102978 TI - Drug therapy: clonidine, a new antihypertensive drug. PMID- 1102977 TI - Platelet-inhibiting drugs in the prevention of clinical thrombotic disease (first of three parts). PMID- 1102979 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 47-1975. PMID- 1102980 TI - Sounding board. Residency: the fallacy of need. PMID- 1102981 TI - Letter: Thermodilution technic for cardiac output. PMID- 1102982 TI - Aminoglycoside therapy of gram-negative bacillary meningitis. AB - The distribution of aminoglycosides in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space was examined after intralumbar, intraventricular, and systemic administration during seven episodes of gram-negative bacillary meningitis. Six episodes were associated with culture proved ventriculitis. Parenteral therapy with gentamicin or tobramycin produced low concentrations of aminoglycoside (less than 1.0 mug/ml) in the lumbar, ventricular, and cisternal CSF. Administration of 5 to 10 mg of aminoglycoside into the lumbar intrathecal space resulted in 27-81 mug/ml in the lumbar CSF, but 0-2.1 mug/ml in the ventricular CSF. In contrast, aminoglycoside administered into the cerebral ventricles produced concentrations in the lumbar CSF of 11.5-27.5 mug/ml and ventricular CSF of 12.8-40 mug/ml. All six episodes treated via the ventricular route resulted in a bacteriologic cure. Intraventricular administration of aminoglycosides offers a reliable means of achieving high aminoglycoside concentrations throughout the subarachnoid space. PMID- 1102983 TI - Platelet-inhibiting drugs iee parts). PMID- 1102984 TI - Letter: Thick and thin blood smears for parasitemias. PMID- 1102985 TI - Letter: Ethics of randomized trials. PMID- 1102986 TI - Platelet-inhibiting drugs in the prevention of clinical thrombotic disease (third of three parts). PMID- 1102987 TI - Multiple-myeloma bone disease. The comparative effect of sodium fluoride and calcium carbonate or placebo. AB - A randomized double-blind study was carried out in 26 patients with multiple myeloma to compare the therapeutic effect of sodium fluoride (50 mg twice daily) plus calcium carbonate (1 g four times daily) and placebo. All patients also received melphalan and prednisone for one week every six weeks. Bone biopsies for microradiography and histology, and videodensitometry as well as conventional roentgenograms, 99mTc-polyphosphate bone scans, and bone densitometry of the mid and distal radius, were done initially and one year after therapy. Microradiography and videodensitometry studies revealed significant increases in bone formation (P less than 0.01) and bone mass (P less than 0.005) in the fluoride-calcium group. Bone trabeculae appeared thickened on roentgenograms of six of 13 fluoride-calcium-treated patients (P less than 0.02). Technetium bone scans and bone densitometry determinations proved insensitive for detection of skeletal changes. Fluoride calcium should be considered a useful adjunct in the treatment for multiple myeloma. PMID- 1102988 TI - By the London ost. National health service--inquiry into the demystification of medicine--Gordon Hamilton Fairley. PMID- 1102989 TI - Operon structure of DNA transfer cistrons on the F sex factor. PMID- 1102990 TI - Antibody-forming cells in human colostrum after oral immunisation. PMID- 1102991 TI - Mammalian plasma membranes. PMID- 1102992 TI - Enhanced Trypanosoma musculi infections in mice with concomitant malaria. PMID- 1102993 TI - T-cell activation in murine malaria. PMID- 1102994 TI - Plasma levels of imipramine and desipramine in man after different routes of administration. AB - With the object of studying the kinetics of imipramine and desipramine five healthy volunteers received single intramuscular, oral and intravenous doses and multiple oral doses of imipramine hydrochloride on different occasions. Two of the volunteers also received single intramuscular and oral doses of desipramine hydrochloride. Great interindividual differences were noted in the plasma concentrations of imipramine and the formed desipramine after single doses of imipramine hydrochloride. In all subjects more desipramine was formed after oral than after parenteral adminstration of imipramine. The bioavailability of an orally administered dose of imipramine ranged between 29.5 and 54.7%. The concentration of imipramine was generally lower in the blood cells than in the plasma, unlike the concentration of desipramine which was considerably higher in the blood cells. The half-lives of imipramine ranged from 4.0-17.6 hrs (M = 7.6 +/- 2.5) after single oral doses and between 9.2 and 20.2 hrs (M = 14.0 +/- 1.9) after multiple oral doses. The half-lives of the formed desipramine ranged between 13.5 and 61.5 hrs (M = 29.9 +/- 8.7) after multiple oral doses of imipramine hydrochloride. The observed mean steady-state plasma concentration after multiple oral doses of imipramine hydrochloride, 50 mg t.i.d. varied from 21.4-69.0 mug/1 (M = 38.2 +/- 8.7) for imipramine and from 33.7-136.0 mug/1 (M 72.3 +/- 19.5) for desipramine. The great difference in the ability to form desipramine after oral and parenteral administration of imipramine hydrochloride may have therapeutic consequences as imipramine and desipramine have differing pharmacological properties. PMID- 1102995 TI - [Dialogue between clinical and preclinical physician]. PMID- 1102996 TI - [Donor nephrectomy in a general hospital]. PMID- 1102997 TI - [Organization of donor reporting]. PMID- 1102998 TI - A case report: septic midtrimester abortion with an intrauterine device. PMID- 1102999 TI - [Treatment of radiculo-spinal complications of cervic arthrosis with Cloward's method. Results concerning 370 patients]. AB - 370 patients exhibiting a brachial radiculalgia or a spinal cord disease due to cervicarthrosis were submitted to surgery according to Cloward's technique; freeing or grafting were performed in 682 levels. A study of this surgical management is made and compared with the other therapeutical modalities. A consensus of the results leads to offer this kind of mangement to the initial stage of the disease before the appearing of definitive sclerotic or atrophic lesions. The arthrosic lesions interesting numerous levels, the anatomic-clinical discrepancies concerning the injured level, the misknowledge of the exact physiopathogenesis of the nervous lesions, plead in favour of anterior cervical grafts interesting numerous levels. PMID- 1103000 TI - [Intraspinal hemangioblastomas]. AB - 138 cases of spinal haemangioblastomas have been reviewed (30 original cases). The first part of this study is devoted to a general survey concerning history, pathological anatomy, genetics and nosology of haemangioblastomas of the central nervous system. Microscopic anatomy of these tumors has been a much debated question and is responsible for the numerous denominations proposed: angiomatosis, capillary angiomas, angioreticulomas, haemangiomas, haemangioendotheliomas, haemangiopericytomas, angioblastic meningiomas; haemangioblastoma seems the most correct. Recent studies in optical and mainly electron microscopy do not allow exact typing of tumoral cells and histogenesis remains uncertain. It is generally accepted that the tumor arises in vascular nesenchyme as a result of dygenetic abnormality. This theory provides a rational explanation for visceral localizations and classification of Lindau disease among phakomatoses. An hereditary factor is present in 25 percent of cases, mainly in multifocal localizations. In the second part, interest is focused on spinal haemangioblastomas, 17 extradural, 121 subdural haemangioblastomas are studied and listed. Extradural tumors are always solitary, mostly in the dorsal area. Subdural tumors may be out of the cord (10 tumors), on the posterior roots (28 tumors), or within the cord. The lesions are situated mainly in the cervicodorsal and dorsolumbar regions. Intramedullary haemangioblastomas are situated in nearly all cases in the dorsal part of the cord behind the central canal. They are close to the dorsal surface of the cord (60 percent) or partly out of the cord (6 percent) or totally intramedullary (30 percent). Cysts close to the tumor or at a distance are present in nearly 50 percent of cases and their origin is still questionnable. Clinical patterns have no special peculiarities, syrinomyelic symptomatology occurs in only 25 percent of cases. Neuroradiology and mainly spinal angiography are a very important step. Angiography was performed in 23 cases (36 tumors). Feeding vessels arise from the posterior system (33 cases) and the anterior system (19 cases). A dark blush indicates the tumor, disappears within 16 to 35 seconds, and can be easily differentiated from arterio venous malformations. The opportunity for spinal angiography depends on clinical and radiological criteria as well as the natural history of the disease. Total removal is the only effective treatment of haemangioblastomas of the cor. Accurate localization of feeding arteries and venous drainage through spinal angiography, preoperative embolization if possible and microsugical techniques applied to cord lesions allow thie ideal treatment. But a lot of problems remain unsolved. PMID- 1103001 TI - [Electromyographic studies in the diagnosis of lumbosacral root compression syndromes]. PMID- 1103002 TI - Distribution of radioactivity in tissues after the intravenous injection of free and acrylic particle bound-porcine 125I-neurophysin-I into rats and rabbits. AB - Porcine neurophysin-I iodinated with Na125I was injected intravenously into rats and rabbits, and the rate of disappearance of radioactivity from the peripheral system was measured. Radioactively-labeled neurophysin bound to polymethylmethacrylic particles was similarly infected into the animals. The half time for the loss of radioactivity from samples of whole blood was 6.1--6.4 min as determined over the first 5 min after administration of the protein. There was no significant difference in the half-time calculated when the radioactivity present in the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material present in the se-um was measured. 15 min after the injection of labeled protein there was a maximum and massive uptake of radioactivity in the kidney consistent with this tissue's being important in the degradation of neurophysin. Immunoperoxidase histochemical techniques were applied to formalin-fixed kidney slices and demonstrated the presence of neurophysin-like material localized in the cells of proximal tubules of the cortex and medulla. On binding neurophysin to acrylic particles there was approximately a 10-fold increase in the uptake of radioactivity in the lungs and a 33% reduction in activity in the kidneys, as measured at the 15-min time interval. Of the other tissues studied, excluding the thyroid gland and lungs, the uterus demonstrated the greatest uptake of radioactivity of fat tissue had the least accumulation of radioactive label. PMID- 1103003 TI - Potentiation of luteinizing hormone release by estradiol at the level of the pituitary. AB - The objective of this study was to determine the influence of estradiol-17beta and/or progesterone on gonadotropon secretion at the level of the pituitary. Female rats in which the hypothalamo-hypophyseal connections had been permanently interrupted after castration served as the experimental model in which the effect of estradiol and/or progesterone on LH-RH-induced gonadotropin release was examined. In out experimental animals, LH secretion was readily activated by LH RH administration. LH release was greatly augmented by the prior administration of estradiol benzoate (1 mug/kg b.w./day). Progesterone (5 mg/day) in the absence of estradiol did not modify the 10-min responese to LH-RH but reduced the enhancement of LH secretion caused by estradiol pretreatment. Our findings suggest that estradiol potentiated the releasing effect of LH-RH at the level of the gonadotroph, whereas progesterone interfered with the potentiation effect. Plasma levels of FSH were not significantly elevated above the basal value by the administration of LH-RH alone, or in combination with estradiol and/or progesterone. PMID- 1103004 TI - Pre-, peri- and postnatal prevention of major neuropediatric handicaps. AB - Actual preventive aspects on major neuropediatric handicaps -- particularly cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation -- are surveyed. Based on Swedish epidemiologic studies on the changing pattern through 1954--70 it has been possible to conclude that postnatal preventive measures are largely completed, and that perinatal brain damage syndromes have significantly decreased, while prenatal mechanisms now dominate and still constitute mainly unsolved problems. The study has convincingly revealed that modern neonatal intensive care does pay and has given favorable gains not only in surviving but in undamaged babies. PMID- 1103005 TI - [Ketalar in pediatric dentistry]. PMID- 1103006 TI - [Use of Levadial in the treatment of ulcer disease]. PMID- 1103007 TI - [Pyrasanone in the treatment of rheumatism]. AB - The results of a set of experiments conducted on a new non-steroid antirheumatic preparation--pyrasanone (Carudol)--are presented and its indications in the general management of the disease are noted. The pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of the new drug are described. Statistical analysis showed it to be more effective than hexahydropyrazine, diphenylbutazone, indomethacin and oxyphenbutazone. A basic therapeutic approach is suggested in accordance with the pharmacodynamic aspects of the drug and the results observed in a clinical trial on 719 subjects. Pyrasanone has low toxicity and is well tolerated. Due caution in the administration of antirheumatic drugs should nevertheless be maintained during its use. PMID- 1103008 TI - [The absurd philosophy of Illich]. PMID- 1103009 TI - [The ophthalmic suture Dexon]. PMID- 1103010 TI - [Centennial of the Nobel prize award to Egas Moniz, founder of neuroradiology]. PMID- 1103011 TI - [Famous preparations of the 18th centruy. Garus' elixir, Drops of General La Motte, England's Drops, in the novel, "Les bijoux indiscrets", by Diderot]. PMID- 1103012 TI - [Psychoactive effect of vincamine in a group of subjects affected by recurrent depressive syndrome. Preliminary note]. AB - Preliminary clinical results with an association of high doses of vincamine and chlordiazepoxide in subjects with recurrent depression are presented. It is felt that vincamine has a clinically appreciable psychoactive action. PMID- 1103013 TI - [Pierre Belon du Mans (1517-1564), pharmacist, physician and naturalist]. PMID- 1103014 TI - [Clinical studies on the use of gangliosides in acute cerebrovascular diseases]. AB - 20-40 Mg per day of gangliosides in association with the therapy already in use were given to patients suffering from acute cerebreal vascular lesions. The results reported in the present work refer to the time necessary for the return to normal functionality. It was observed that such parameter is practically half of that occuring in non-treated subjects. Therefore, the therapeutic usefulness of such glycolipids for the return to normal of the motor functionality and also of the coscience conditions of patients suffering from acute vascular CNS lesions is underlined. PMID- 1103015 TI - [Hypnosis in history and at present]. AB - The principal stages in the history of hypnosis are reviewed, from the forerunners of Mesmer to the founder of "animal magnetism" himself, to Braid, and the entire hypnological movement of the nineteenth century. The work of Freud and the then and later relationships between hypnosis and psychoanalysis are discussed. A personal interpretation is offered for the phenomenon of the ups and downs of the popularity of hypnosis and reasons given for why its application should never decline again. After a brief review of modern theories of hypnosis and hypnotic techniques, the importance of the subject, over and above its uses in medical treatment, is emphasized, for hypnosis can be used as an invaluable tool for investigating the extraordinary reconstructional and creative possibilities inherent in the outer reaches of the human psyche. PMID- 1103016 TI - [Autogenic training of J.H. Schultz and didactic exercise. Motion picture of Prof. Kammerer of Strasbourg]. PMID- 1103017 TI - [Controlled double-blind study (SAMe-imipramine) in depressive syndromes]. AB - Thirty one patients were treated with either S-Adenosylmethionine or Imipramine in a double-blind clinical trial comparing S-Adenosylmethionine (25 mg i.m. three times daily) with Imipramine (25 mg i.m. three times daily) administered for a period of three weeks. Hamilton Rating scores showed no significant differences between treatments, but such slight differences as were observed favoured S Adenosylmethionine. PMID- 1103018 TI - [Use of roentgen therapy according to the official announcement of the discovery of x-rays (Jan 6, 1896) through the year 1899]. PMID- 1103019 TI - [Interpretative analysis of 50 cases of tocolysis treated with isoxsuprine]. PMID- 1103020 TI - [Methyl-partricin in the treatment of vaginal moniliasis. Controlled research]. PMID- 1103021 TI - [Clinical experiences with a new drug, clotrimazole, in the treatment of vaginitis]. PMID- 1103022 TI - [Local treatment of vaginitis due to T. vaginalis. Comparative studies on methyl partricin and metronidazole]. PMID- 1103023 TI - Radiographic manifestations of teratoma. PMID- 1103024 TI - Proceedings: Stereotaxis biopsy for pulmonary surgery. PMID- 1103025 TI - Retrospective evaluation of anesthesia care. PMID- 1103026 TI - Tympanic neurectomy. Correction of drooling in cerebral palsy. PMID- 1103027 TI - The origins of the dental profession in New Zealand. Part I. PMID- 1103028 TI - William Hector McDonald. PMID- 1103029 TI - The place of research in hospital medicine. PMID- 1103030 TI - Odontophilately. PMID- 1103031 TI - Osteoporosis as a dental consideration. PMID- 1103032 TI - Festschrift for Ralph A. Reis, MD. PMID- 1103033 TI - Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. PMID- 1103034 TI - A glimpse into AAIN's past. PMID- 1103035 TI - Tissue reactions to some dental implant materials. An in vivo study in white rats. AB - In a 10 week experimental investigation the tissue reactions to implantation of standardised test pieces made of a polysilicone, Silastic, Tantalum, Titanium and a cobalt-chromium alloy, Vitallium, were studied in the white rat. After 2 weeks, polysilicone, Tantalum and Titanium caused slight reactions whilst a comparatively strong round cell infiltration was observed around the cobalt chromium test pieces. After 10 weeks, no cellular infiltration was demonstrable around any of the implant materials. The now all appeared inert and were surrounded by a tough connective tissue. PMID- 1103036 TI - Colonial medicine in Cincinnati. PMID- 1103037 TI - Epidemics in early Ohio. PMID- 1103038 TI - The simple approach to intraocular lens implantation. AB - The Copeland intraocular lens implant combined with the intracapsular cataract extraction technique is relatively easy to do when first starting intraocular lens surgery. It does not require switching over to the extracapsular technique or using suture material to secure the implant. It can be done with a Loupe by those who do not use a microscope. The lens is hinged securely in the plane of the pupil and is immobile even with extensive eye movement. The planned implantation should be cancelled if the eye is not soft with a shrunken vitreous body immediately after the lens is extracted. The talked about complications of uveitis and posterior lens membrane may be avoided by the use of steroids and No. 10-0 Ethylon or No. 9-0 silk sutures. After doing, over the past two years, 55 Copeland iris plane lenses combined with intracapsular cataract extraction, I find it to be a relatively simple procedure. It is certainly easier than using intraocular lenses that require either the remnants of lens cortex or capsule for implant fixation, or the tying of No. 10-0 Ethylon suture inside the anterior chamber. PMID- 1103039 TI - Reconstruction of the lower lid in congenital microphthalmos and anophthalmos. AB - In congenital microphthalmos and anophthalmos, the socket and lids are often underdeveloped. Progressive dilation of the socket often does not increase the horizontal lid aperture or permit the use of a larger prosthesis. The authors present two cases in which a modified Mustarde cheek flap, lined with a tarsal conjunctival graft, was used to reconstruct and lengthen the lower lid. This procedure results in a larger horizontal lid aperture and permits a larger prosthesis to be contained in the socket. PMID- 1103040 TI - Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis: results of penetrating keratoplasty in Alaskan natives. AB - Corneal scarring secondary to inactive phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis (PKC) is a significant cause of decreased vision in Alaskan Natives. The results of primary penetrating keratoplasty for such cases at the Alaska Native Medical Center form the basis of this report. Eighteen cases met the criteria established for this study. Fourteen (79 percent) had clear grafts at least six months after surgery (average follow-up: 46 months). Of the twelve grafts performed using 10-0 nylon and the operating microscope, 11 (92 percent) were clear. Twelve of the 14 persons with clear grafts had improved vision of at least two lines on the Snellen chart. On the basis of this report, penetrating keratoplasty for corneal scarring due to PKC seems to have a favorable prognosis. PMID- 1103041 TI - Groove-maker for cataract surgery. AB - The making of a groove in cataract surgery and the preplacement of one or more sutures into the groove has been advocated by many surgeons. An instrument that facilitates the performance of the surgical groove is introduced. This instrument, a modification of a corneal trephine, provides a neat, smooth groove of adjustable depth. PMID- 1103042 TI - Thermokeratoplasty for keratoconus. AB - Nine patients with severe keratoconus who were ready for penetrating keratoplasty underwent thermokeratoplasty with profound flattening of the cornea at the time of surgery. Keratometer readings returned to pretreatment levels in seven of the nine patients. Two patients have avoided penetrating keratoplasty due to improved contact lens fit following thermokeratoplasty despite the return of corneal steepness. Subsequent penetrating keratoplasty in five patients has been uneventful with all grafts remaining clear to date four to eight months postoperatively. PMID- 1103043 TI - Inhibition of macrophage migration in Salmonella immunity. AB - Protein antigens were prepared from rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium and S. dublin by phenol and veronal-buffer extraction. It was shown that the in vitro migration of peritoneal exudate cells from guinea pigs that were immunized with rough avirulent mutants could be inhibited effectively with these antigens. The cells obtained from S. typhimurium-immunized guinea pigs were also sensitive to S. dublin antigens and vice versa. A degree of sensitivity and inhibition could be demonstrated consistently in a group of immunized guinea pigs. However, the variation in samples, even from among individual animals that had survived challenge, was so great that it precludes the use of the macrophage migration technique as a routine standard assay procedure for immunity. PMID- 1103044 TI - Facial asymmetry and condylar hyperplasia. PMID- 1103045 TI - Studies concerning the hsitotoxicity of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive when employed as an oral hemostat. AB - An experimental study was implemented to determine the effectiveness of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate) as an oral hemostat, its influence on sequential wound healing, and its potential as a carcinogen. Segregated groups of equal numbers of male and female Long-Evans Hooded Rats underwent deep (socket) and superficial (surface) aerosol placement of bucrylate to maxillary molar extraction sites. Bucrylate proved to be an effective oral hemostat, rapidly retarding postextraction hemorrhage. Deep placement of the adhesive resulted in retarding of healing and lingering macrohistiocytic aggregates in wounds. Superficial placement of the material resulted in very little long-term macrohistiocytic response, and would healing showed little retardation. A neoplastic potential was not demonstrated for bucrylate. PMID- 1103047 TI - [Remembering Pal Heim]. PMID- 1103046 TI - On the origin of plastids. AB - The buoyant density in CsCl of ribosomes from chloroplasts of the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa and two species of higher plants, Pisum sativum and Chenopodium album, has been studied. From the relative protein content it was calculated that 70S ribosomes from chloroplasts are much smaller than 80S cytoplasmic ribosomes (3.0-3.1 X 10(6) and 4.0 X 10(6) daltons) and slightly larger than 70S ribosomes from bacteria (E. coli 2.5 X 10(6) daltons). Chloroplast ribosomes from pea seedlings were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They appear to contain 71 proteins. This indicates that chloroplast ribosomes contain a larger number of proteins than do the ribosomes from E. coli and other species of Enterobacteriaceae. Further study will permit a probable evaluation of the validity of Mereschkowsky's hypothesis that the photosynthetic plastids of eukaryotic plant cells are the evolutionary descendants of endosymbiotic blue-green algae. PMID- 1103048 TI - [Ferenc Kallay, M.D. (1908-1975)]. PMID- 1103049 TI - [Bela Maria, M.D. (1903-1975)]. PMID- 1103050 TI - [Hungarian citizens receiving kidney transplants in Goteborg]. PMID- 1103051 TI - [Complications of kidney transplantation]. PMID- 1103052 TI - [Theories and plans for the nationalization of public health and pharmacy at the turn of the century]. PMID- 1103053 TI - [Clinical organization, reluctant concessions, contradictions in modern medicine]. PMID- 1103054 TI - [In memory of Jozsef Bencze, M.D. (a belated obituary)]. PMID- 1103055 TI - [Zsigmond Purjesz Jr., author of the first Hungarian textbook for internal medicine]. PMID- 1103056 TI - [Letter: The "gram negative" nature of the tetanus bacillus and some problems of editorial policy]. PMID- 1103057 TI - [Chromosome studies on lymph node cultures from patients with malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 1103058 TI - [Immunologic background of pregnancy (preliminary notes)]. PMID- 1103059 TI - [Cytochemical observations in malignant lymphoma associated with chronic myelosis]. PMID- 1103060 TI - [Charles Richet and the development of immuno-allergology]. PMID- 1103061 TI - [Vilma Hugonnay]. PMID- 1103062 TI - [Lajos Makara--a little known outstanding surgeon]. PMID- 1103063 TI - [Orthopedic aspects in the care of children with spina bifida]. PMID- 1103064 TI - [Biometric study of Lamblia trophozoites of mammals in connection with taxonomic problems of the genus Lamblia]. AB - Measurements were conducted of five species of Lamblia mounted and stained with ferreous hematoxylin. In order to obtain comparable results only mature trophozoites with medial bodies were measured. It was shown that the totality of biometrical indices of mature trophozoites is specific for each species studied; this demonstrates their distinct status and is contrary to Filice's view (1952). Of the studied species trophozoites of man (L. intestinalis), rabbit (L. duodenalis), vole (L. microti) and rat (L. simoni) have the same shape of the body but differ in absolute sizes. Trophozoites of the parasite of mice and rats, L. muris, differ from other species in a shorter body and in having spherical medial bodies. In this connection a question is raised concerning the according of a higher taxonomic status to this species. PMID- 1103065 TI - [In memory of Professor Aleksei Avksent'evich Mozgovoi]. PMID- 1103066 TI - The nature of age immunity to Plasmodium berghei in the rat. AB - The intensity of Plasmodium berghei infections decreases as the age of the rat host increases. The nature of this 'age immunity' was investigated. No experimental support was found for innate resistance involving either serum non antibody factors or changes in the erythrocytes that inhibit parasites in older rats. A cross reacting immune response active against P. berghei was not found. Evidence is presented which shows that rats less than 7 weeks old lack at least part of the functional immunological apparatus by which older rats produce a protective immune response. It is suggested that the defect might involve T lymphocytes. PMID- 1103067 TI - [Adherence of pathogenic Escherichia coli to epithelial cells isolated from the intestinal mucosa of the rabbit, inhibiting effect of hyperimmune bovine colostrum and of various carbohydrates (author's transl)]. AB - In order to study the mode of action of a bovine anti-Escherichia coli lactoserum (BLS), we have used a new test measuring the adherence of pathogenic E. coli on epithelial cells isolated from the small intestine of rabbit. A mixed suspension of E. coli and of epithelial cells is incubated for 15 min and the number of bacteria adhering to the cells counted under the microscope. The BLS at a concentration of 3.5 mg/ml IgG is able to reduce this number by a factor of 3-5. After absorption of the BLS with formaldehyde-treated bacteria, this factor is smaller than 2. At a concentration of 5 mg/ml, D-mannose and alpha methylmannoside are as efficient inhibitors of adherence as BLS; at the same concentration, L-mannose is ineffective. The cultures of E. coli strongly agglutinating guinea pig erythrocytes, adhere to a larger extent to the epithelial cells. The last two observations confirm the important role played by fimbriae for the adhesive properties of E. coli. The presence of fimbrial antibodies would partially explain the inhibiting effect of BLS on adherence. PMID- 1103069 TI - [Methodological aspects of the problem of reactivity in pathology]. PMID- 1103068 TI - [Reticuloendothelial system, lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 1103070 TI - Validation of use of 11,12-2H-labeled chenodeoxycholic acid in isotope dilution measurements of bile acid kinetics in man. AB - Chenodeoxycholic acid labeled with 2H in the 11 and positions was prepared by catalytic reduction of delta 11-12 unsaturated derivatives of cholic acid. To validate the use of this stable isotope for the determination of bile acid kinetics by isotope dilution, it was administered to seven normal male volunteers simultaneously with [24-14C]chenodeoxycholic acid. Bile was collected at regular intervals over the following 5 days, and the chenodeoxycholic acid pool size and fractional turnover rate were determined from the specific activity decay curve for 14C and from the isotopic abundance curve for 2H. Estimates of the pool size by both isotopes showed a correlation of r = 0.95 and similar precision. Synthesis rate, the product of pool size and fractional turnover rate, also showed good agreement (r = 0.97), Because previous investigations have shown that bile acids tagged with hydrogen isotopes at the 11 and 12 positions are stable in man, the present data suggest that 11, 12-2H-labeled bile acids may be used in place of radioactive isotopes for valid isotopic measurement of bile acid kinetics in healthy infants and children. PMID- 1103071 TI - The alternative pathway of complement activation in the neonate. AB - C3PA (factor B) concentrations taken as an indication of alternate pathway development for neonates and adults were compared. The mean level for umbilical cord sera was 39 +/- 2%, with a range of 19.5-77.5%. The normal adult mean level was 74 +/- 4%, with a range of 43-108%. The difference between the two is highly significant (P less than 0.001). The ration of neonatal C3PA to adult C3PA is 0.52 +/- 0.10. In only one case was the newborn level greater than the mean adult value. There is positive correlation, r = 0.18, with gestational age, although it falls short of statistical significance (P greater than 0.1). There were no differences between the male and female neonates. C3PA titers were compared with C3 concentrations and so plotted. Although there was a positive correlation, r = 0.22, it was not statistically significant (P = 0.1). In an infant with gram negative septicemia, the C3PA concentrations were much greater than the mean value found in normal cord sera. They were also greater than the mean value for normal adult C3PA titers, the multiple being 1.8-2.5. On first determination, after 2 days of normal to slightly elevated temperatures, a value of 132 +/- 6% was found. The second determination with a spike to 101.5 degrees F, and gave the highest of the three titers, 185 +/- 4%. At the same time that the C3PA levels reached this peak, the fever dropped to normal. At the time of the last determination, the C3PA levels had returned to that of the original sample, 125 +/- 4%. This study demonstrates that the cord sera of the normal term neonate is deficient in C3 and C3PA when compared with adult controls. Neither C3 nor C3PA correlated with gestional age. C3PA levels increase steadily as C3 titers increase and comparable ratios to adult values indicate that the alternate pathway is probably maturing at the same rate as the classic pathway. The results in the septic infant may represent a response to an inflammatory condition (acute phase phenomena), a block in alternate pathway expression, or synthesis beyond increased C3PA catabolism. PMID- 1103072 TI - [Classification and diagnosis of pubertal hypogonadism]. PMID- 1103073 TI - [Treatment of immunologic deficiency conditions by means of transfer factor]. PMID- 1103074 TI - Efficacy of dyphylline (dihydroxypropyltheophylline) in exercise-induced bronchospasm. AB - The efficacy of dyphlline in prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) was studied in seven subjects. A single 15 mg/kg dose of dyphylline 40 minutes prior to exercise prevented EIB as documented by a significantly smaller mean greatest percent decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second when compared to placebo. Mean serum dyphylline concentrations 40 minutes after a dose of 15 mg/kg were probably in the lower portion of the therapeutic range. PMID- 1103075 TI - The pharmacological assessment of single drugs and drug combinations in exercise induced asthma. AB - The relative effectiveness of ephedrine, theophylline, hydroxyzine, and their combinations in relieving cycloergometer exercise-induced asthma were studied in 16 children and adolescents. Ephedrine had no effect on post-exercise asthma, hydroxyzine had weak effect on hastening recovery, while theophylline modified on the post-exercise response significantly. The three drugs together produced an additive effect superior to that of theohylline alone. PMID- 1103076 TI - Computer-assisted diagnosis by a model-free system of direct data analysis. AB - The basis of the method of data analysis presented is, in the case of any diagnostic test, the automatic compilation of separate frequency distributions for each diagnostic classification. The distinction of different test results for different diseases (the correlation for which the tests are used) can thus be quantitatively monitored. This offers opportunities for more specific control of the accuracy of the data base. Measurements of relative frequencies obtained from the frequency distributions of individuals with and without a given disease can serve as a quantitative handle for the selection of the combination of tests, and for adjustments of individual parameters, which will maximize the discrimination. The usual cutoffs are not used. A data-processing system can serve for the direct incorporation of patient chart data (including test results), and for the automation of the analysis described, with pattern recognition or cluster-seeking techniques. The ability of this system of analysis to minimize some of the problems associated with methods utilizing mathematical models is discussed. PMID- 1103077 TI - Screening newborn infants for disease. PMID- 1103078 TI - Electrical stimulation for the relief of pain: two lessons in technological zealotry. PMID- 1103079 TI - Phoenix of physiology and medicine: Franklin Chambers McLean. PMID- 1103080 TI - Trends in current research on the metabolism and storage of mammalian semen. PMID- 1103081 TI - States of awareness during general anesthesia. PMID- 1103082 TI - Lysosomal concept in dental caries development. PMID- 1103083 TI - Effects of changes in serum osmolarity on bulk flow of fluid into cerebral ventricles and on brain water content. AB - The effects of changes in serum osmolarity on the rate and osmolarity of bulk flow of fluid into the cerebral ventricles and on cortical white and grey matter water content were studied in cats. Bulk flow rates and osmolarities were measured during ventriculocisternal perfusion both before and after intravenous infusion of glucose solutions. Infusions of glucose in concentrations greater than 6% decreased fluid bulk flow rate and its osmolarity. Glucose in concentrations less than 6 percent increased fluid bulk flow rate and decreased its osmolarity. Bulk flow rate and serum osmolarity were found to be linearly related with a coefficient of osmotic flow of minus 0.835 mul/min per mOsm/l. At the extremes of induced serum osmolarities, (290 and 360 mOsm/l) bulk flow rate was either increased by 120 percent or completely inhibited. Effluent osmolarity also increased proportionately to serum osmolarity (0.338 mOsm/l per mOsm/l). When compared to controls, cortical grey and white matter water content increased by 1.9 percent and 2.9 percent, respectively, when the infused glucose concentration was 2.5 percent or less, and decreased by 1.8 percent and 2.9 percent when the concentration was 10 percent or more. The results of these experiments suggest that the increased bulk flow comes from the brain, rather then directly from the blood. PMID- 1103084 TI - Heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and genetic information for tRNA. AB - Mitochondrial DNA from wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and from an "extreme" petite mutant were analyzed by hybridization of several tRNAs on DNA fragments of different buoyant density, obtained by sonication and fractionation on a CsCl gradient. The hybridization patterns show that the genes for tRNAser, tRNAphe, tRNAhis, tRNAval, tRNAileu are present on wild-type mitochondrial DNA, while only genes for tRNAser and tRNAhis are present on petite mitochondrial DNA; moreover the hybridization patterns indicate that these genes are not clustered and suggest that more than one gene might exist for tRNAser and tRNAhis. PMID- 1103085 TI - Primary structure of tRNA Arg II of E. coli B. AB - tRNA Arg II of E. coli has 77 nucleotides. There are eight minor nucleotides including inosine and 2-methyladenosine. Except for a few differences, the structure of tRNA Arg II is very similar to the structure of tRNA Arg I reported by Murao et al.3. The major difference is in the size of dihydrouridine loop. tRNA Arg II does not contain 2-thiocytosine. The unidentified nucleoside X seems to be a different modification other than nucleoside N reported to be present in tRNA Arg I. PMID- 1103086 TI - Effect of sodium bisulfite modification on the arginine acceptance of E. coli tRNA Arg. AB - Escherichia coli tRNA Arg was treated with sodium bisulfite to convert exposed cytosine residues to uracil. This treatment resulted in the loss of amino acid acceptance of the tRNA Arg with pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. The active and inactive molecules were separated after about 60e active and inactive molecules were separated after about 60 percent inactivation and analyzed for U in various positions by finger-printing of the oligonucleotides produced by nucleases. The results show that C to U base transitions in the dihydrouridine loop and in the CCA terminus have no effect on the aminoacylation of this tRNA. Deamination of a cytosine residue at the second position of the anticodon resulted in the loss of amino acid acceptor activity of arginine transfer RNA. PMID- 1103087 TI - Physical mapping of the central terminator for transcription on the bacteriophage M13 genome. AB - With the aid of in vitro transcription and translation studies it has been demonstrated that termination of transcription on bacteriophage M13 replicative form DNA occurs at a unique site which is located immediately distal to the 3' end of gene VIII, the gene which codes for the major capsid protein. The position of this site has been mapped accurately on the enzyme cleavage maps by transcription of restriction fragments of M13 RF DNA. The central termination site was found to be located in restriction fragment Hap-B2 at 450 nucleotides from the 5'-end of its viral strand (0.77 fractional length clockwise from the unique Hind II enzyme cleavage site). PMID- 1103088 TI - Physical studies of the interaction between the Escherichia coli DNA binding protein and nucleic acids. AB - The interaction of nucleic acid with the Escherichia coli DNA-binding protein has been studied by fluorescence emission spectroscopy and sedimentation velocity analysis. The protein binds to single-strand DNA with an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of 2 X 10(-9). It binds to the homopolymers poly (dA) and poly (dT) slightly more tightly, but has a larger apparent equilibrium dissociation constant to poly (dC). The protein also binds tightly to ribohomopolymers and to tRNA, but not to duplex DNA. By the use of defined-length oligonucleotides, it has been shown that the protein binds to DNA in a highly cooperative manner. The extent of cooperativity is seen as the difference in binding between an isolated monomeric protein molecule bound to DNA and two or more molecules binding to contiguous sites. PMID- 1103089 TI - Evidence for tertiary structural RNA-RNA interactions within the protein S4 binding site at the 5'-end of 16S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli.+. AB - Evidence is presented for tertiary structural interaction(s) (interactions(s) between two regions of an RNA molecule that are widely separated in the RNA sequence) within the 5'-one third of the 16S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli that constitutes the binding site of protein S4. The two main interacting RNA regions were separated by about 120 nucleotides (sections Q to M) of the 16S RNA sequence. A second, smaller gap, of 13 nucleotides, occurred within section C". The two main interacting regions contain about 150 nucleotides (sections H" to Q) and 160 nucleotides (sections M to C"). They are folded back on one another and, especially in the presence of protein S4, are strongly protected against ribonuclease digestion. The intermediate region (sections Q to M), however, is relatively accessible to ribonucleases in the S4-RNP. By partial removal of subfragments from the RNA complex it was possible to localise the two main interacting sites within sections H" - H and sections I" - C". Three main criteria for the specificity of the RNA-RNA interactions were invoked and satisfied. The possibility of other tertiary structural RNA-RNA interactions occurring in other regions of the 16S RNA is discussed. Finally, all the structural information on the S4-RNP is summarised and a tentative model is proposed. PMID- 1103090 TI - Hybridization of labeled RNA to DNA in agarose gels. AB - Specific DNA restriction endonuclease fragments can be identified after electrophoresis in agarose gels by hybridization in the gel (in situ) to radioactive homologous RNA. RNA-DNA hybrids are detected by autoradiography of the gel. Comparison of band patterns of the autoradiogram and the ethidium bromide stained gel allows the identification of the DNA fragment which is complementary to the RNA probe. The technique is rapid, easy and inexpensive. It is sensitive enough to detect individual genes in a mixture of fragments produced by restriction enzyme digestion of complex cellular DNA. We have used this technique to determine which of the Hin III and Eco R1 fragments of phi80d3ilv+su+7 and E. coli DNAs contain the 5S, 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of E. coli. PMID- 1103091 TI - The influence of the peptide chain length on the activity of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase from E. coli. AB - The dependence of the Vmax and Km on the length of the peptide moiety in the peptidyl-tRNA series (Gly)n-Val tRNA, was measured in the system peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase-peptidyl-tRNA. It was found that the Km value decreases from 7.2 X 10-7 M for Gly-Val-tRNA to 4.6 X 10-7 M FOR (Gly)2-Val-tRNA and to 1.7 X 10-7M for (Gly)3-Val-tRNA; further increase of the peptide chain is not followed by decrease of the Km. The Vmax values are 5.7 pmole/min/EU for Gly-Val-tRNA and 42 pmole/min/EU for (Gly)3-Val-tRNA. The enzyme activity is inhibited competitively by uncharged tRNA with a KI value of about 10-5M. The significance of these results described in this paper, in relation to the fact that peptides and peptide esters do not inhibit the enzyme activity, and in relation to the proposed physiological role of the enzyme, is discussed. PMID- 1103092 TI - Official directory Federal agencies--DHEW. PMID- 1103093 TI - Official directory of national and international agencies. PMID- 1103094 TI - Perils and parallels of women and nursing. PMID- 1103095 TI - Alveolar lavage cytology as a method for diagnosis of early rejection of transplanted lungs. PMID- 1103096 TI - [Effect of antibiotics on hemolysin production by bacteria causing mastitis in cattle]. AB - Effect of six antibiotics on the hemolysin formation by 320 strains of Staphylococcus (including 112 S. aureus) and 100 strains of S. agalactiae isolated from cow udders, have been determined. Tests were performed on plates containing 5% horse red cells, but the hemolytic strains were tested on blood agar plates supplemented with 5% sheep, rabbit and calf cells in addition. One strain of S. aureus produced the rings of hemolysis around the zones of growth inhibition on the media containing the discs of penicillin, erythromycin, oxyterramycin and chloramphenicol. Another strain of S. agalactiae produced similar rings, but only on the medium supplemented with penicillin. On the calf blood agar plate, S. aureus produced the hemolytic rings only in association with streptomycin and neomycin. After five times of propagation on the nutrient agar, the hemolytic phenomenon was not reproducible. It may be suggested that in cow milk there are some inhibitors for hemolysin formation by Staphylococcus and S. agalactiae. PMID- 1103097 TI - [Course of beta-hemolytic E. coli carrier state in piglets during weaning]. AB - The investigations were carried out on 22 sows and 44 piglets (one sow and 2 piglets from each litter). The pigs were divided into 4 groups according to the different additions to their diet during weaning which might have an effect on the carrier state and dissemination of beta-haemolytic E. coli. Group I was given a feed concentrate and separated milk, group II - a feed concentrate and sour milk, group III - a feed concentrate and milk with addition of garlic (200 mg/kg of body weight), group IV - a feed concentrate and milk with addition of vitamin C (20 mg/kg of body weight). The beta-haemolytic E. coli carrier state was examined before starting supplemental feeding (3 times between the 21st and 30th day of life) and after weaning (3 times between the 49th and 56th day of life). The carrier state under discussion was found in 27.2% of sows and in 25% of piglets at the beginning of supplemental feeding, and in 40.1% of sows and 36.3% of piglets during weaning, which means an increase of the number of carriers both among the sows and piglets at that time. Twenty-two strains of E. coli isolated from the carriers belonged to serotypes responsible for colibacteriosis of pigs (O149:K91, K88a, c, O8:K87, K88a, c, O139:K82); 23 strains belonging to E. coli groups O6, O8 and O116 were devoid of K and H antigens, 9 strains possessed a double O antigen (O9, O60: :H-, O117, O120: :H-, O102, O25: :H21). An inhibitory effect of the addition of sour milk to the feed on the intensity of the carrier state of beta-haemolytic E. coli was observed in piglets kept on that diet. The pathogenic strains of E. coli were observed more often in the carrier-piglets (60%), and in the sows predominated the strains of beta-haemolytic E. coli devoid of the K antigens. PMID- 1103098 TI - [Present-day views on inflammatory and immunologic mechanisms in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 1103099 TI - [Hemolytic-uremic syndromes (microangiopathic hemolytic anemias)]. PMID- 1103100 TI - [Antoni Jurasz--an outstanding physician and scientist]. PMID- 1103101 TI - [Rehabilitation following radical mastectomy for carcinoma]. PMID- 1103102 TI - [Etiological factors in urinary tract infections with particular reference to nephropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 1103103 TI - [Modern views on trasylol administration in acute and chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1103104 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Jan Raszyk (1890-1973)]. PMID- 1103105 TI - [Asymptomatic infection with virus B hepatitis in blood donors--current problems]. PMID- 1103106 TI - Understanding and managing enuresis in children. PMID- 1103107 TI - Poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare as a pointer to reticulosis of the skin. PMID- 1103108 TI - Effect of hypocalcaemia on glucose tolerance, insulin release and free fatty acid levels in human subjects. PMID- 1103109 TI - [Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with controlled, assisted and spontaneous ventilation in case of acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 1103110 TI - Candida species and crop mycosis in broiler chickens. AB - A mycological survey of the crops of approximately 100 healthy birds from each of 6 grow-out operations revealed that the incidence of Candida in the crops ranged from 17.4 to 51.5% with a mean value of 32.3%. The population of Candida in the crops of birds found positive was of low magnitude in the majority of the chickens examined. Of the 573 birds examined in this study less than 1% exhibited visible lesions attributable to Candida. C. albicans comprised 95% of the isolates while C. ravautii, C. salmonicola, C. gulliermondi, C. papapsilosis, C. catenulata and C. brumptii comprised the remainder. The incidence and number of Candida in the crop was related apparently to management practices on the farm. The crops from four field outbreaks of crop mycosis were also studied. Three of the four cases of crop mycosis were characterized by multiple strains of C. albicans in the crop. In one case, C. parapsilosis also was isolated from the crop. PMID- 1103111 TI - Interaction of T-2 toxin with Salmonella infections of chickens. AB - A significant (P less than 0.05) interaction resulting in increased mortality occurred in chickens fed T-2 toxin (16 mug./g. of diet) and infected with either Salmonella worthington, S. thompson, S. derby, or S. typhimurium var. copenhagen, all species that cause paratyphoid. No interaction on growth rate or relative size of the bursa of Fabricus occurred, although T-2 toxin alone caused a significant (P less than 0.05) regression of that organ. The spleen size relative to the body weight was decreased (P less than 0.05) by T-2 toxin and increased (P less than 0.05) by the Salmonella infections. Interactions were observed on spleen size between the toxin and S. thompson (P less than 0.05) and S. derby (P less than 0.10). Total serum proteins were not affected by T-2 toxin or Salmonella infections. Agglutinins were formed in response to the infections, but the titers were unaltered by T-2 toxin. PMID- 1103112 TI - The personality of Oliver Cromwell. PMID- 1103113 TI - Feprazone compared with indomethacin in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A double-blind cross-over trial of feprazone 450 mg daily and indomethacin 75 mg daily was carried out in fourteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity was indistinguishable from that of indomethacin under the conditions of the trial. Seven patients expressed a preference for feprazone and four for indomethacin. Feprazone appeared to be well tolerated and free from serious side-effects. These results suggest that feprazone will be a useful drug in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1103114 TI - [Asylum pneumonitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1103115 TI - [Drawing a-person test as a differential diagnostic tool for the evaluation of learning conditions and possibilities of development in pre-school children. A pilot study in the working district of Berlin-Kreuzberg]. PMID- 1103116 TI - Removal of unwanted proteins from cell extracts by means of antiserum. AB - The efficiency of removal of soluble proteins in cell-free bacterial extracts by means of antiserum from rabbits immunized with similar extracts was measured. Precipitation followed by Sephadex gel-chromatography was used. Up to 80% (exceptionally 90%) removal could be obtained. The method might be applied to enrichment for "foreign" cell-extract components, for example, viral products in virus infected cells. Tests for the specificity of the method are also presented. PMID- 1103117 TI - Annotated bibliography for preventive health care strategies for health maintenance organizations. PMID- 1103118 TI - A corner of history. Malthus and population. PMID- 1103119 TI - [Production of the methyl ether of 8,14-seco-delta,3,5,(10),9(11) estratetraendiol-3,17beta-one-14 using a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BKMU 488]. AB - The culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae BKMU-499 was selected from 100 strains of different Saccharomyces species to obtain an optically active methyl ester 8,14 seco-delta1,3,5(10),9(11)-estratetraendiol-3-17beta-on-14. Various conditions of the transformation were examined. The yield of this keto-alcohol depended on the following factors: level of aeration, method of steroid administration, physiological state of the culture, and composition of the cultivation medium. The optimal yeild of the optically active product was 84%. PMID- 1103120 TI - [In memory of Academician Aleksandr Fedorovich Tur]. PMID- 1103121 TI - [In memory of A.N. Sakharov]. PMID- 1103122 TI - Immunotherapy of cancer: theory and practice. PMID- 1103123 TI - Bone marrow transplantation: prospects for leukemia and other conditions. PMID- 1103124 TI - Effects of guanosine tetraphosphate on cell-free synthesis of Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA and other gene products. AB - A cell-free system derived from E. coli is described in which mature-sized 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) are synthesized at a high relative rate, comprising 17-25% of the total transcription. The addition of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) to this system results in up to a 5-fold selective inhibition of rRNA accumulation. This effect is exerted at the level of synthesis rather than degradation. It is concluded that ppGpp, which is produced in large amounts by E. coli during amino-acid deprivation, could mediate the decrease in rRNA synthesis that accompanies such deprivation. The expression of other genes has also been investigated. No selective reduction of transfer RNA synthesis by ppGpp is observed. The trp and lac operons are found to be stimulated at the transcriptional level by the presence of this nucleotide. It is hypothesized that ppGpp interacts with the RNA polymerase in such a manner as to alter the affinity of the enzyme for promoters in an operon-specific fashion. PMID- 1103125 TI - Very stable prokaryotic messenger RNA in chromosomeless Escherichia coli minicells. AB - E. coli minicells lack DNA, yet they make protein, the synthesis of which is sensitive to chloramphenicol but insensitive to rifamycin. This protein is coded for by very stable cellular mRNA with an estimated half-life of 40-80 min. In an R factor-containing minicell, two very different species of mRNA are observed: (i) R factor-specific mRNA with a short half-life whose synthesis is rifamycin sensitive and (ii) cellular mRNA with a long half-life whose synthesis is rifamycin-insensitive. These findings indicate that minicells contain normal degradative mechanisms for mRNA and point out the existence of a unique class of very stable cellular mRNA. Greater than 80% of the rifamycin-insensitive protein synthesized goes into the outer minicell membrane. Relatively stable mRNA, half life 5.5-11.5 min, for outer membrane protein in whole cells has been reported [Hirashima et al. (1973) J. Mol. Biol. 79, 373-389]. The stability of minicell mRNA is significantly greater. This and other observations suggest that there are two functional species of mRNA for outer membrane protein perhaps in different sites in the cell. Furthermore, these studies suggest that a class of cellular proteins is synthesized in bacteria without concomitant transcription and in the absence of association with chromosomal DNA. PMID- 1103126 TI - Bidirectional replication of plasmid R6K DNA in Escherichia coli; correspondence between origin of replication and position of single-strand break in relaxed complex. AB - Replicating molecules of plasmid R6K DNA have been purified as covalently closed circular DNA forms and analyzed in the electron microscopy after cleavage with the EcoRI restriction endonuclease. It has been determined that in most cases replication proceeds bidirectionally from an origin whose position is indistinguishable from the site of the single-strand break (nick) in the open circular DNA form of the relaxation complex of R6K DNA and protein. Evidence is presented for the existence of a unique replication terminus asymmetrically placed approximately 20% of genome size from the origin. The positions of the replication forks in a majority of the molecules indicate that replication proceeds sequentially from the fixed origin first in one direction to the terminus and then progresses from the origin in the other direction. PMID- 1103127 TI - Presence of polyriboadenylate sequences in pulse-labeled RNA of Escherichia coli. AB - Pulse-labeled RNA isolated from E. coli cells grown on limiting phosphate medium and phosphate-containing medium was analyzed by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography and by Millipore binding assay for polyriboadenylate-containing RNA. Whereas poly(A)-containing RNA amounted to as much as 15% of the total pulse labeled RNA from cells grown on limiting phosphate medium, pulse-labeled RNA from cells grown on phosphate medium gave values around 1.5%. Steady-state labeled RNA from cells grown on limiting phosphate medium contained 1.2% poly(A) RNA. The addition of poly(A) sequences appears to be post-transcriptional. These results strongly favor the view that bacterial mRNAs may contain poly(A) stretches. PMID- 1103128 TI - Interaction of enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system with adenylate cyclase of Escherichia coli. AB - Transient repression by glucose of induced enzyme synthesis involves lowering of intracellular cAMP levels. This glucose effect is partially explained by a glucose inhibition of adenylate cyclase [EC 4.6.1.1; ATP pyrophosphate lyase(cyclizing)]. Since the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system has been implicated in repression phenomena, an investigation was made of adenylate cyclase activity in mutants of that transport system. The results suggest that glucose phosphorylation is not necessary for inhibition of adenylate cyclase since an HPr mutant retained sensitivity to glucose inhibition. The results also suggest that adenylate cyclase activity requires the presence of Enzyme I in a phosphorylated form and that adenylate cyclase activity may be regulated by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism. PMID- 1103129 TI - Binding of ribosomal protein S1 of Escherichia coli to the 3' end of 16S rRNA. AB - Ribosomal protein S1 reversibly binds the 49-nucleotide fragment that is cleaved from the 3' end of 16S rRNA in ribosomes by colicin E3. The fragment has secondary structure in the form of a hairpin loop. At the base of the stem is a sequence (A-C-C-U-C-C) thought to be involved in the base pairing with complementary sequences in mRNA during the initiation of protein synthesis. The role of S1 may be to stabilize this region of the fragment in an open conformation to allow for base pairing to mRNA. This model is supported by the observation that S1 binds specifically to this region of the fragment. In addition, aurin tricarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, reverses this effect by disrupting the S1-RNA complex. These results can explain why S1 is an essential component of the ribosome for translation of natural mRNA and why aurin tricarboxylic acid blocks initiation. PMID- 1103130 TI - Photoincorporation of puromycin and N-(ethyl-2-diazomalonyl)puromycin into Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - [3H]Puromycin and N-(ethyl-2-diazomalonyl)[3H]puromycin are incorporated into E. coli ribosomes on irradiation at 253.7 nm. Both compounds incorporate into both protein and nucleic acid. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of ribosomal protein shows that L23 is the major protein labeled by puromycin. Although incorporation is clearly a complex process, evidence is presented that L23 is labeled via an affinity labeling process, thus placing L23 at the aminoacyl-tRNA receptor (A) site. N-(ethyl-2-diazomalonyl)puromycin is a ribosomal ligand, as shown by its inhibition of two ribosomal assays, but it is not a good puromycin analog, and it is unclear whether its incorporation, which proceeds via both carbene-dependent and carbene-independent processes, results from affinity labeling. PMID- 1103131 TI - Role of magnesium in Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. AB - Alkaline phosphatase of E. coli, isolated by procedures which do not alter its intrinsic metal content, contains 1.3 +/- 0.3 g-atom of magnesium and 4.0 +/- 0.2 g-atom of zinc per molecule of molecular weight 89,000. Magnesium, the role of which has been unappreciated, significantly affects the function and structure of alkaline phosphatase containing either 2 or 4 g-atom of zinc per mole. Magnesium does not activate the apoenzyme but increases the activity of the enzyme containing 2 g-atom of zinc 4.4-fold and that of the enzyme containing 4 g-atom 1.2-fold. The results obtained with enzyme in which cobalt is substituted for zinc are analogous. Moreover, the absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of cobalt phosphatases reveal the effects of magnesium on cobalt coordination geometry. Addition of magnesium changes the spectral characteristics of the apoenzyme reconstituted with 2 g-atom of cobalt from predominantly octahedral to 4- or 5-coordinate geometry. These two classes of cobalt binding sites have been associated with catalysis and structure stabilization, respectively. Therefore, magnesium controls the occupancy of the catalytic and structural binding sites and modulates the resultant enzymatic activity. Hydrogen tritium exchange was employed to determine the effects of magnesium on the conformational stability of phosphatase. Magnesium stabilizes the dynamic structural properties, both of apophosphatase and of enzyme containing 2 g-atom of zinc, which is further stabilized by 2 more zinc atoms. The role of magnesium and other metal ions in regulatory processes, only now beginning to be explored fully, will likely emerge as an important avenue for achievement of regulatory effects in metalloenzymes. PMID- 1103132 TI - Distinct penicillin binding proteins involved in the division, elongation, and shape of Escherichia coli K12. AB - The varied effects of beta-lactam antibiotics on cell division, cell elongation, and cell shape in E. coli are shown to be due to the presence of three essential penicillin binding proteins with distinct roles in these three processes. (A) Cell shape: beta-Lactams that specifically result in the production of ovoid cells bind to penicillin binding protein 2 (molecular weight 66,000). A mutant has been isolated that fails to bind beta-lactams to protein 2, and that grows as round cells. (B) Cell division: beta-Lactams that specifically inhibit cell division bind preferentially to penicillin binding protein 3 (molecular weight 60,000). A temperature-sensitive cell division mutant has been shown to have a thermolabile protein 3. (C) Cell elongation: One beta-lactam that preferentially inhibits cell elongation and causes cell lysis binds preferentially to binding protein 1 (molecular weight 91,000). Evidence is presented that penicillin bulge formation is due to the inhibition of proteins 2 and 3 in the absence of inhibition of protein 1. PMID- 1103133 TI - Sigma cycle during in vitro transcription: demonstration by nanosecond fluorescence depolarization spectroscopy. AB - Studies of RNA chain initiation have suggested that the sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase; nucleosidetriphosphate: RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6) is released from the enzyme-template complex during transcription and may be reused by another core polymerase. Nanosecond fluorescence depolarization spectroscopy was used to follow the sigma cycle. Isolated sigma subunit labeled with the fluorescent probe dansyl (DNS) chloride bound stoichiometrically to core polymerase and stimulated transcription of phage T7 DNA to the same extent as did unlabeled sigma. DNS sigma showed an exponential fluorescence anisotropy decay corresponding to a rotational correlation time of about 100 nsec. This value was unaffected by addition of T7 DNA, but increased about 6-fold when core polymerase was added, and increased further when T7 DNA was added. Such increases are expected for the formation of molecular complexes. Using the anisotropy decays for free DNS-sigma and DNS-sigma-core enzyme bound to T7 DNA, we calculated theoretical decay curves for various mixtures of free and bound sigma. Comparison of the observed anisotropy decay with the calculated curves indicated that about 55% of DNA-sigma was released from the enzyme-T7 DNA complex in the presence of four nucleoside triphosphates under low salt conditions. Sigma release did not occur if rifampicin was added prior to addition of four nucleoside triphosphates or if only three nucleoside triphosphates were present. After sigma was released, addition of core polymerase with rifampicin reduced the free sigma to less than 15%, indicating that the released sigma was accessible to the added core enzyme. Thus these studies have provided physical evidence for the sigma cycle during in vitro transcription. PMID- 1103134 TI - Visualization of a novel junction in bacteriophage lambda DNA. AB - At early times after infection of a recA derivative of Escherichia coli with lambdab221c126red270a42 phage, a low but significant proportion of intracellular lambda molecules show a novel junction. These junctions are also present, although in reduced numbers, in a lysate obtained at late times after infection of a recA+ host with lambdacIIcIII phage. Fine structure and denaturation mapping analyses showed that these junctions occur at homologous positions and that they are compatible with the occurrence of a cross-strand exchange between lambda DNA duplexes similar to the type proposed in most molecular models for genetic recombination. However, the results are also consistent with the structures expected if a replicating growing point undergoes branch migration. PMID- 1103135 TI - Dissociation of two polypeptide chains from yeast RNA polymerase A. AB - Yeast RNA polymerase A (RNA nucleotidyltransferase; nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6) can be converted to a new form of enzyme, called RNA polymerase A*, which is lacking two polypeptide chains of 48,000 and 37,000 daltons. Apart from these two missing polypeptides the subunit structures of RNA polymerases A and A* are indistinguishable. RNA polymerase A* differs from the complete enzyme in its electrophoretic and chromatographic behavior, template requirements, and alpha-amanitin sensitivity. RNA polymerase A* transcribes the alternated copolymer d(A-T)n with the same efficiency as RNA polymerase A but its specific activity is greatly reduced with native calf thymus DNA as template. The transcription of a variety of synthetic templates is also altered by removal of the two polypeptide chains. RNA polymerase A* is inhibited by high concentrations of alpha-amanitin (500 mug/ml), whereas RNA polymerase A is comparatively less sensitive to the toxic peptide. The data are discussed in terms of possible roles of the two dissociable polypeptides. PMID- 1103136 TI - Amino acids are not all initially attached to the same position on transfer RNA molecules. AB - Escherichia coli tRNA has been modified by replacement of the 3'-terminal AMP with either 3'-amino-3'-deoxy AMP of 2'-amino-2'-deoxy AMP. These tRNA analogs have enabled us to determine the initial site of enzyme-catalyzed aminoacylation of different tRNAs by the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA molecules in which the amino acid is linked to the 3'-terminal ribose through a stable amide bond. The tRNA species specific for glutamic acid, glutamine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine are all aminoacylated on the 2'-hydroxyl group. The tRNA species specific for alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glycine, histidine, lysine, and threonine are aminoacylated on the 3'-hydroxyl group. The amino acids arginine, isoleucine, methionine, proline, serine, and tryptophan form stable amide bonds with both amino tRNA analogs. This might suggest that the synthetases for these amino acids can acylate both the 2'- and 3'-hydroxyl groups, but it is more likely that these enzymes can acylate both hydroxyl and amino groups at either the 2' or 3'-position of the tRNA. These results clearly illustrate a fundamental heterogeneity which is apparent in the mechanism of action of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 1103137 TI - Site of aminoacylation of tRNAs from Escherichia coli with respect to the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl group of the terminal adenosine. AB - A method is presented by which the site of primary attachment of the amino acids with respect to the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl group of the terminal adenosine of E. coli tRNAs can be determined. It is found that the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (EC 6.1.1.-) with specificity for Arg, Asn, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, and Val attach the amino acid to the 2'-position; those with specificity for Gly, His, Lys, and Ser attach the amino acid to the 3'-position; and that Tyr and Cys can be enzymatically attached to both the 2'- and 3'-positions. Together with previous experiments on yeast aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, it is now shown that the specificity for one particular hydroxyl group is preserved during the evolution from prokaryotic to eukaryotic systems. PMID- 1103138 TI - Reconstitution of the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. AB - The binding of pyruvate dehydrogenase and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (flavoprotein) to dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, the core enzyme of the E. coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex [EC 1.2.4.1:pyruvate:lipoate oxidoreductase (decaryboxylating and acceptor-acetylating)], has been studied using sedimentation equilibrium analysis and radioactive enzymes in conjunction with gel filtration chromatography. The results show that the transacetylase, which consists of 24 apparently identical polypeptide chains organized into a cube-like structure, has the potential to bind 24 pyruvate dehydrogenase dimers in the absence of flavoprotein and 24 flavoprotein dimers in the absence of pyruvate dehydrogenase. The results of reconstitution experiments, utilizing binding and activity measurements, indicate that the transacetylase can accommodate a total of only about 12 pyruvate dehydrogenase dimers and six flavoprotein dimers and that this stoichiometry, which is the same as that of the native pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, produces maximum activity. It appears that steric hindrance between the relatively bulky pyruvate dehydrogenase and flavoprotein molecules prevents the transacetylase from binding 24 molecules of each ligand. A structural model for the native and reconstituted pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes is proposed in which the 12 pyruvate dehydrogenase dimers are distributed symmetrically on the 12 edges of the transacetylase cube and the six flavoprotein dimers are distributed in the six faces of the cube. PMID- 1103139 TI - Cleavage of adenovirus messenger RNA and of 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA by RNase III. AB - Escherichia coli ribonuclease III cleaves adenovirus messenger RNA and mammalian 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA. Fragmentation is not random, but in each case a specific collection of products is generated. This points to the potential use of the enzyme as a tool for specific fragmentation of RNA. Cleavage by RNase III abolishes the capability of adenovirus messenger RNA to direct cell-free synthesis of virus polypeptides. PMID- 1103140 TI - Mutagenic and cytotoxic activity of benzol[a]pyrene 4,5-, 7,8-, and 9,10-oxides and the six corresponding phenols. AB - The benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-, 7,8-, and 9,10-oxides and the six corresponding phenols (4-, 5-, 7-, 8-, 9-, and 10-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene) have been tested for mutagenic and cytotoxic activity in bacteria and in a mammalian cell culture system. Benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide (K-region) was highly mutagenic in two histidine dependent strains (TA1537 and TA1538) of Salmonella typhimurium which detect frameshift mutagens. In contrast, benzo[a]pyrene 7,8- and 9,10-oxides were less than 1% as mutagenic as the 4,5-oxide. Benzo[a]pyrene 7,8- and 9,10-oxides were unstable in aqueous media, whereas the 4,5-oxide was stable for several hours. This difference in stability could not account for the different mutagenic activities of the three arene oxides. The benzo[a]pyrene oxides were inactive in a strain (TA1535) that is reverted by base pair mutagens such as N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or in a strain (TA1536) that detects framshift mutagens similar to the acridine half-mustard ICR-191. Benzo-[a]-pyrene and the six phenols were all stable in aqueous media, but they had little or no mutagenic activity in any of the four Salmonella strains. Conversion of 8-azaguanine sensitive Chinese hamster V79 cells to 8-azaguanine-resistant variants was increased by benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide, whereas the 9,10-oxide was considerably less active. Benzo[a]pyrene and the other derivatives had little or no effect. Benzo[a]yrene 4,5-oxide was more cytotoxic to the Chinese hamster V79 cells than the 7,8- and 9,10-oxides, while 8-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was the most cytotoxic of the six phenols. PMID- 1103141 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) induced by concanavalin A: standardized microassay for production in vitro. AB - A standardized microculture system has been developed to assess the ability of lymphocytes to secrete leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) in response to the nonspecific mitogen concanavalin(Con A). LMIF-rich supernates collected from stimulated lymphocytes cultured in plastic microtiter plates are assayed by pulse exposure of purified human granulocytes and inhibition of their migration in agarose medium. LMIF activity in this system is suppressed by the protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin, but not by inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by irradiation. It is demonstrated that normal lymphocytes stimulated with mitogen elaborate LMIF activity, while lymphocytes from malignant lymphoma patients are frequently unable to produce it. Thus, mitogen-induced mediator production may be a useful parameter in further characterization of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. PMID- 1103142 TI - Recovery of infectious proviral DNA from mammalian cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. AB - The DNA fraction from a line of bovine embryonic kidney cells originally exposed as primary cultures several months earlier to a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus could be used to transfect human HEp-2 cells with the production of infectious RS virus. The DNA donor cells, designated BEK/RS ts, retained their healthy fibroblastic appearance during continuous cultivation at a temperature (39 degrees) restrictive for growth of the original infecting mutant and showed no evidence for RS virus replication or viral antigen synthesis when directly examined for these activities by conventional methods. The infectious property of the DNA from BEK/RS ts cells was abolished by exposure of the nucleic acid preparation to DNase (but not RNase) or by pretreatment of recipient HEp-2 cells with actinomycin D or mitomycin C. The latter drug treatments substantially enhanced the replication of infecting wild-type RS virus in HEp-2 cells. Viral isolates derived from the progeny of a DNA transfection included clones possessing several genetic markers of the RS ts mutant originally used to infect BEK/RS ts cells and other virus clones that appeared to be either hybrid or wild-type for phenotypic properties such as their temperature sensitivity. An infectious proviral DNA was also detected in a line of virogenic HEp-2 cells (HEp-2/RS) persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus after exposure to the wild-type strain 2 years earlier. PMID- 1103143 TI - Transient response to chemotactic stimuli in Escherichia coli. AB - We have followed by eye and with the tracking microscope the rotational behavior of E. coli tethered to coverslips by their flagella. The cells change their directions of rotation at random, on the average about once a second. When an attractant is added or a repellent is subtracted, they spin clockwise (as viewed through the coverslip, i.e., along the flagellum toward the body) for many seconds, then counter-clockwise for many seconds, and then gradually resume their normal mode of behavior. The time interval between the onset of the stimulus and the clockwise to counter-clockwise transitiion is a linear function of the change in receptor occupancy. The cells adapt slowly at a constant rate to the addition of an attractant or the subtraction of a repellent. They adapt rapidly to the subtraction of an attractant or the addition of a repellent. Responses to mixed stimuli can be analyzed in terms of one equivalent stimulus. PMID- 1103144 TI - Sequential processing of precursor tRNA molecules in Escherichia coli. AB - In a temperature-sensitive mutant of E. coli defective in tRNA biosynthesis, many tRNA precursors, including monomeric and multimeric forms, accumulate. Some of the multimeric precursors contain three or more tRNA sequences within a molecule. These large precursors were cleaved by cell extracts first into intermediate size pieces which were subsequently processed by RNase P. On the basis of heat stability of mutant cell extracts, the endonuclease responsible for the initial cleavage appears to be distinct from RNase P and is designated RNase O. One of the monomeric precursors was shown to be processed first by RNase P and the product subsequently cleaved further into a smaller molecule. The nuclease responsible for this second cleavage also appears to be distinct from RNase P and is designated RNase Q. The functions of these nucleases are sequential in the trimming process with respect to that of RNase P; RNase O works prior to RNase P and RNase Q after RNase P but in both cases, not vice versa. PMID- 1103145 TI - Conformational change and cooperativity in actin filaments free of tropomyosin. AB - The decrease in amplitude of the electron spin resonance spectrum of the cysteine bound spin-label, 3-(maleimidomethyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinoxyl, brought about by the magnetic interaction with tightly bound manganous ion, was used as a probe of conformational change in actin on binding myosin. The magnitude of this "spin--spin" interaction first decreased then increased on increasing saturation of the actin filament with heavy meromyosin subfragment-1. That the "spin--spin" interaction occurred between spins of adjacent monomers was demonstrated by the observation that the change in magnitude of the "spin--spin" interaction was maintained on binding of heavy meromyosin subfragment-1 to copolymers in which actin monomers containing both manganous ion and spin label were diluted 7-fold with native actin monomers. These data provide evidence for a conformational change in actin on interacting with heavy meromyosin subfragment 1. Further, the fact that not only the magnitude but also the sense of the change in the "spin--spin" interaction is a function of increasing saturation with heavy meromyosin subfragment-1 indicates that the monomers of the actin filament are capable of cooperative interaction in the absence of tropomyosin. PMID- 1103146 TI - In vitro construction of bacteriophage lambda carrying segments of the Escherichia coli chromosome: selection of hybrids containing the gene for DNA ligase. AB - DNA from lambdagt-lambdaB bacteriophage was cleaved with EcoRI endonuclease and fragments from EcoRI-digested E. coli DNA were inserted. This DNA was used to infect E. coli, and phages containing the gene for DNA ligase were isolated by genetic selection. Two different hybrids were found with the same E. coli segment inserted in opposite orientations. Both hybrids produced similar levels of ligase as measured in crude extracts of infected cells. PMID- 1103147 TI - Kinetics of action of pepsin on fluorescent peptide substrates. AB - Oligopeptide substrates of porcine pepsin (E) of the type A-Phe-Phe-B (S) that are cleaved solely at the Phe-Phe bond under the conditions of these studies, and bearing an amino-terminal fluorescent probe group (mansyl or dansyl), have been used for stopped-flow measurements of the rate of formation of the A-Phe product. These experiments were conducted under conditions of [E] greater than [S], and the kinetic data were compared with those obtained under conditions of [S] greater than [E] for the formation of the Phe-B product (the same in all cases). The results for substrates with A = mansyl-Gly, mansyl-Gly-Gly, and dansyl-Gly Gly support the conclusion that the rate-limiting step in the over-all catalytic process is associated with the scission of the Phe-Phe bond in the first detectables ES complex. Although the rate of this step varies widely with the nature of the A portion of A-Phe-Phe-B, the magnitude of the dissociation constant of ES is relatively invariant. This supports the view that, in the cleavage of oligopeptide substrates by pepsin, secondary enzyme--substrate interactions may cause conformational changes at the catalytic site, and that a portion of the total binding energy may be used for the attainment of the transition state in the bond-breaking step. With substrates that are hydrolyzed extremely rapidly (A = dansyl-Gly-Ala, dansyl-Ala-Ala), the rate of formation of the A-Phe product appears to be faster than the steady-state rate, suggesting that an additional step has become kinetically significant in the over-all process. This step may be associated with the return of the conformation of the active site to its original state. PMID- 1103148 TI - Characterization of a novel, low-molecular-weight DNA-binding protein from Escherichia coli. AB - A low-molecular-weight (7000), heat-stable protein--HU--that stimulates transcription of bacteriophage lambda DNA by E. coli RNA polymerase was purified from E. coli extracts using affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose. HU binds to native DNA, resulting in an apparent thickening of the DNA chains as revealed by electron microscopy. Contrary to DNA unwinding proteins, it causes no destabilization of the double helix. HU differs from previously described transcription factors (H1, D, etc.) and from the low-molecular-weight omega subunit of the RNA polymerase. By its amino-acid composition and characteristics, HU displays an interesting resemblance to some eukaryotic histones, such as H2B and H1. PMID- 1103149 TI - Histidine regulation in Salmonella typhimurium: an activator attenuator model of gene regulation. AB - An activator-attenuator model of positive control, a s opposed to the classic repressor-operator model of negative control, is proposed for the major operon specific mechanism governing expression of the histidine gene cluster of Salmonella typhimurium. Evidence for this mechanism is derived from experiments performed with a coupled in vitro transcription-translation system, as well as with a minimal in vitro transcription system [Kasai, T. (1974) Nature 249, 523- 527]. The product (G enzyme, or N-1-[5'-phosphoribosyl]adenosine triphosphate:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase; EC 2.4.2.17) of the first structural gene (hisG) of the histidine operon is not involved in the positive control mechanism. However, a possible role for G enzyme as an accessory negative control element interacting at the attenuator can be accommodated in our model. The operon-specific mechanism works in conjunction with an independent mechanism involving guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) which appears to be a positive effector involved in regulating amino-acid-producing systems, in general [Stephens, J.C., Artz, S.W. & Ames, B.N. (1975) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, in press]. PMID- 1103150 TI - Translocation of a plasmid DNA sequence which mediates ampicillin resistance: molecular nature and specificity of insertion. AB - A series of recombinant plasmids was generated in Escherichia coli in which the TEM beta-lactamase translocon (TnA) was inserted into the small plasmid RSF1010. RSF1010 is a 5.5 X 10(6) dalton nonconjugative plasmid which confers resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamide. The recombinant plasmids can be classified into three clearly defined phenotypic groups. Group I is ampicillin-, streptomycin- and sulfonamide-resistant. Group II is ampicillin- and sulfonamide-resistant but has lost streptomycin resistance. Group III is ampicillin-resistant but is sensitive to sulfonamide and shows a simultaneous 30-fold reduction in the minimal inhibitory concentration of streptomycin. It was possible to map the site of insertion of TnA within RSF1010 by electron microscope studies of DNA heteroduplexes formed between RSF1010 and recombinant plasmids. Insertions of TnA occur at, at least, 12 distinct sites in a region corresponding to one-third of the RSF1010 DNA molecule. Those insertions giving rise to particular phenotypes are clustered. Insertions of TnA-like insertion sequences (IS) appear to give rise to strongly polar mutations. PMID- 1103151 TI - Transformation of Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli with plasmid-linked drug-resistance factor DNA. AB - Conditions optimal for the transformation of Pseudomonas putida and E. coli with a drug-resistance factor (RP 1) DNA, which specifies resistance to carbenicillin, tetracycline, kanamycin, and neomycin, are described. The transformants retain all the fertility, incompatibility, and drug-resistance characteristics present in the parent. Covalently-closed circular molecules of almost identical contour lengths have been isolated from the parent and the transformants. The frequency of transformation is drastically reduced by treatment of RP 1 DNA with DNase and by denaturation or sonication. Shearing of RP 1 DNA in vitro and their subsequent introduction in P. putida cells, by transformation, produces transformants that exhibit a wide range of drug-resistant phenotypes, including those which are resistant to neomycin but sensitive to kanamycin. Isolation of such neomycin resistant but kanamycin-sensitive transformants indicates that there might be two separate mechanisms specified by RP 1 for resistance to the two antibiotics. PMID- 1103152 TI - An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors. AB - In studying "hemorrhagic necrosis" of tumors produced by endotoxin, it was found that the serum of bacillus Calmette--Guerin (BCG)-infected mice treated with endotoxin contains a substance (tumor necrosis factor; TNF) which mimics the tumor necrotic action of endotoxin itself. TNF-positive serum is as effective as endotoxin itself in causing necrosis of the sarcoma Meth A and other transplanted tumors. A variety of tests indicate that TNF is not residual endotoxin, but a factor released from host cells, probably macrophages, by endotoxin. Corynebacteria and Zymosan, which like BCG induce hyperplasia of the reticulo endothelial system, can substitute for BCG in priming mice for release of TNF by endotoxin. TNF is toxic in vitro for two neoplastic cell lines; it is not toxic for mouse embryo cultures. We propose that TNF mediates endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis, and that it may be responsible for the suppression of transformed cells by activated macrophages. PMID- 1103153 TI - Nutritional rickets in children in Glasgow. PMID- 1103154 TI - Asian rickets and osteomalacia: patterns of parathyroid response in vitamin D deficiency. PMID- 1103155 TI - Epidemiological and dietary aspects of rickets and osteomalacia. PMID- 1103156 TI - How toys began. PMID- 1103157 TI - On the derivation of the name 'rickets'. PMID- 1103158 TI - Effect of actinomycin D and estradiol on the response to LH-releasing hormone in neonatally androgenized femal rats. AB - The effect of estradiol, actinomycin D, or both, on pituitary response to LH-RH was studied in 6-month-old female rats which had been injected with testosterone propionate on the 2nd day of life. Estradiol significantly augmented the pituitary response to LH-RH. Actinomycin D did not significantly modify basal serum LH levels and pituitary response to LH-RH but did significantly inhibit the augmenting effect of estradiol on such a response. PMID- 1103159 TI - The level of GABA in the brain and locomotor behavior. AB - GABA content was measured in the brains of animals injected with AOAA, DPA or Saline. Significant increases in GABA were found in the motor cortex and cerebellum after treatment with both drugs as compared to saline injected controls. Increased GABA levels were associated with interference with the smooth execution of locomotor acts, especially where balancing and coordination of the hind limbs were necessary. PMID- 1103160 TI - Catechol-O-methyl transferase: pharmacological aspects and physiological role. PMID- 1103161 TI - Tissue mechanics. PMID- 1103162 TI - The variation of indicator dilution curves with velocity profile. AB - A theoretical analysis has been made of the effect of different velocity profiles on the dispersion of a non-diffusable solute in fluid flow down a straight tube. An experimental investigation of this type of dispersion was made by monitoring the transport of radioactively labelled red blood cells in whole blood at flow rates within the non-Newtonian viscosity range. The dispersion curves obtained are consistent with a progressive flattening of the velocity profile as the flow rate is reduced, though a more rapid clearance than that predicted theoretically occurs in the tail region of the curves. The accepted indicator dilution techniques of estimating the flow rate and vessel volumes are considerably in error. An alternative method of accurately estimating the vessel volume is suggested. PMID- 1103163 TI - Near ultraviolet inactivation studies on Escherichia coli tryptophanase and tryptophan synthetase. PMID- 1103164 TI - Inhibition by sunlight of the growth of Escherichia coli B/r. PMID- 1103165 TI - Trehalose and glycogen levels during the initial stages of growth of Candida albicans. AB - Yeast phase cells of Candida albicans were extracted with cold 0.5 M trichloroacetic acid. The only quantitatively significant anthrone-positive material in these extracts was trehalose which was identified chromatographically and enzymatically. Glycogen in the residue was digested with amyloglucosidase to free glucose which was assayed by a glucose oxidase method. Washed cells from a stationary phase culture of C. albicans rapidly decreased their trehalose content during the early phases of growth on a fresh glucose-containing medium. Concurrent increases in total glycogen concentration were of a greater magnitude than could be accounted for by trehalose mobilization. Thus a specific role for trehalose during initial growth is indicated and is compared with other fungal systems. Trehalase activity was measured in situ and showed only minor changes during the time intervals of these experiments in contrast to other reports on S. cerevisiae. A large fraction of the enzyme in C. albicans behaved as external to the protoplasmic membrane. On one type of growth medium C. albicans exhibited (in addition to trehalose) variable amounts of a sugar alcohol in trichloroacetic acid extracts. This has tentatively been identified as arabitol. PMID- 1103166 TI - Biological ion exchanger resins: VIII. A preliminary report on actin-like protein in E. coli and the cytotonus concept. PMID- 1103167 TI - Intestinal absorption of peptides. PMID- 1103168 TI - Glycogen metabolism and glycogen-storage diseases. PMID- 1103170 TI - Peter K. Anokhin (1898-1974). PMID- 1103169 TI - Dimensional analysis and theory of biological similarity. AB - From this review we conclude the following: 1) The body weight of an organism is an adequate reference index for the correlation of morphological and physiological characteristics. In comparative physiology, body weight can be recommended as a unifying frame of reference, particularly if the ponderal scale includes several decades, in order to apply logarithmic scales for the variables involved. (See article). 2) The statistical analysis of the experimental data can be represented conveniently by means of the logarithmic equivalent of Huxley's allometric equation (y = a-Wb), which is the most simple and at the same time the most versatile mathematical expression for intra- or interspecies comparisons. The exponents (b) for the allometric equations can be predicted for all biological variables definable in terms of the MLT system of physics (M = mass, L = length, T = time) or of a four-dimensional system MLTt where t = temperature. 3) By means of dimensional analysis and the theory of biological similarity a range of similarity criteria can be established: a) mechanical or dynamic similarity, b) kinematic or biological similarity; and c) hydrodynamic or transport similarity. Most functions obey the so-called biological (kinematic) similarity, particularly when the concept of operational time is introduced into Lambert-Teissier's original theory. 4) A satisfactory correlation (r = 0.99) for 80 empirical allometric exponents (b) describing morphological and physiological characteristics of living beings was found. These results are discussed in relation to Rosen's optimality principles in biology. 5) Organisms should be considered as mixed regimes. This means that no single similarity criterion can predict the allometric exponent (b) of all functions that dimensionally belong to MLT or MLTt systems, despite the fact that in the great majority of cases kinematic similarity will satisfactorily predict the reduced exponent (b). Nevertheless, in some instances mechanical (dynamic) similarity must be applied, and in other circumstances hydrodynamic (transport) similarity. 6) Cellular or molecular levels are not in the domain of the present theory, since neither cell dimensions nor molecular processes (viz., blood viscosity, diffusion capacity) can be predicted by biological similarity criteria. PMID- 1103171 TI - Technique for chronic electrode or cannula implantation in decorticate animals. AB - A surgical technique is described which enables chronic recording of electrophysiological activity and chemical or electrical stimulation in the decorticated animal. This procedure circumvents the problems of inadequate electrode/cannula patency and of the short-term debilitating consequences of cortical ablation. These features make it possible to analyze the relationships between neuroelectrophysiology, behavior and the central mechanisms underlying the restitution of function following brain damage. The procedure appears to be suitable for a wide range of mature laboratory animals and offers several advantages over the few techniques currently available. PMID- 1103172 TI - Consummatory behavior in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - Consumption of water and adulterated fluids was measured under choice and no choice situation in voles and gerbils. Voles consumed more water throughout, and were clearly less able to tolerate challenges presented by adulteration of available solutions in the no choice situation. Intake of both species under choice conditions was more affected (although differentially) by fluid adulteration that it had been when no choice was available. Male and female differences were noted but typically these differences were in magnitude rather than direction of the consummatory response. The data were taken to illustrate the need for comparative studies and careful specification of stimulus conditions surrounding testing so that general principles of physiological and behavioral regulation can be separated from species specific differences. PMID- 1103173 TI - Septal lesions in meadow voles and mongolian gerbils: consummatory and investigatory behavior. AB - In order to separate species specific from general effects of septal lesions on consummatory and investigatory behavior we chose to work with male Mongolian gerbils and meadow voles. These two rodent species are different in both the absolute amount of fluids consumed and reactivity to the palatability of the fluids presented in a single tube. Septal lesions did not elevate water consumption of either species. Septal lesioned gerbils tended to consume more sucrose, and septal voles clearly did drink more sucrose than their control counterparts. But only lesioned voles suppressed intake below control levels when presented with quinine. Exploratory behavior, which was measured only in gerbils, was also altered by septal lesions. Measurement of testosterone, seminal vesicles, and ventral marking glands (gerbils only) indicated that septal lesions alter hormonal systems in at least this species. The importance of comparative investigations in elucidating the general function of brain structures was discussed. PMID- 1103174 TI - The parable of the three doyens (Ambroise Pare, James IV, John Jones). PMID- 1103176 TI - History of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. PMID- 1103175 TI - A new technique for nerve suture. The anchoring funicular suture. PMID- 1103177 TI - Philtrum formation in the secondary cleft lip repair. PMID- 1103178 TI - Foreign body reactions to polyurethane covers of some breast prostheses. PMID- 1103179 TI - Repair of pharyngoesophageal fistula by microvascular transfer of a free skin flap. PMID- 1103180 TI - The "over and out" flap for restoration of the corner of the mouth. PMID- 1103181 TI - An aid to meshed skin grafting. PMID- 1103182 TI - "Big "B". PMID- 1103183 TI - The growing up of Newt Bigelow. PMID- 1103184 TI - Dr. Newton Bigelow. PMID- 1103185 TI - Salute to Newt. PMID- 1103186 TI - Doctor Bigelow. PMID- 1103187 TI - Newton Bigelow--friend of mankind. PMID- 1103188 TI - The eclecticism of Newton Bigelow. PMID- 1103189 TI - Random thoughts about Newt Bigelow. PMID- 1103190 TI - Newton Bigelow, M.D., Director Emeritus of Marcy State Hospital. PMID- 1103191 TI - Newton Bigelow, M.D. PMID- 1103192 TI - The aficionado. PMID- 1103193 TI - My chance and luck in crossing Dr. Bigelow's path. PMID- 1103194 TI - Newt. PMID- 1103195 TI - Psychosomatic medicine--past, present, and future. AB - "Psychosomatic" is not part of the average person's vocabulary, and most educated laymen know the meaning of "psychophysiological" and "somatopsychic." Without having words for the process, everyone senses that mental processes can influence bodily functioning and, certainly, that the sick body can produce a sick mind. Many explanations have been offered for the mechanisms underlying these processes -theories ranging from the irrational and religious to the philosophical and scientific. Scientific interest in these processes has been a relatively recent development, originating perhaps a few decades ago. It is time to take inventory, to review and consider the scientific history of psychosomatic medicine and the current status of the field. It is also fascinating to speculate on the developments and ramifications of psychosomatic medicine in the future. PMID- 1103196 TI - The social and psychological reality of European witchcraft beliefs. AB - In recent years there have been a number of books and articles on witchcraft in general and European witchcraft in particular. The majority of these works contain the implicit or explicit assumption that witchcraft was a cruel, irrational delusion that resulted in the deaths of perhaps hundreds of thousands or innocent victims (Anderson, 1970). While I do not for a moment dispute the horrible cruelties and hideous tortures inflicted on many of the accused, I do feel that it is essential to point out that in terms of the culture and belief structure of Late Medieval and Post Reformation Europe, not only was a belief in witchcraft not irrational and a delusion, but also it did in fact make good sense. PMID- 1103197 TI - The child psychology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. PMID- 1103198 TI - Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881). Medico-psychological and psychoanalytic studies on his life and writings: a bibliography. PMID- 1103199 TI - Contingencies of therapist and trainer performance: a review. PMID- 1103200 TI - Anxiety, arousal, and schizophrenia: a theoretical integration. PMID- 1103201 TI - Dropping out of treatment: a critical review. PMID- 1103202 TI - Controlled social drinking: an alternative to abstinence as a treatment goal for some alcohol abusers. PMID- 1103203 TI - Familiarity effects in visual information processing. PMID- 1103204 TI - Mechanisms mediating the production of environmentally induced brain changes. PMID- 1103205 TI - A comparative study of haloperidol and chlorpromazine in terms of clinical effects and therapeutic reversal with benztropine in schizophrenia. Theoretical implications for potency differences among neuroleptics. AB - In a double-blind, cross-over study, the comparative therapeutic effects of 6 week courses of two prototypic neuroleptics--haloperidol and chlorpromazine--and the reversal of those effects with benztropine were investigated in a group of 18 schizophrenics. Periodic measurements were made for 32 dimensions of psychopathology, social participation, span of attention, sleeplessness, pulse rate and neurological side effects. The results showed that haloperidol was generally a more effective drug over the period studied. This was particularly apparent in terms of social and emotional responsiveness, communicativeness and cognitive processes. The only superiority of chlorpromazine seemed to be that patients felt less dysphoric on it than they did on haloperidol. Haloperidol also proved to be more rapid in its action. The data failed to support the clinical validity of the distinction often made between "sedative" and "activating" neuroleptics. Consistent with previous reports, benztropine had the effect of diminishing therapeutic response to both neuroleptics. However, haloperidol again proved less susceptible to this effect. The slowness and lesser therapeutic efficiency of chlorpromazine and its greater susceptibility to benztropine reversal were all considered to be due to its built-in anti-cholinergic properties acting in opposition to its antipsychotic activity. The low potency of chlorpromazine-like drugs was attributed to their inherent anticholinergic characteristics. It was suggested that one of the factors determining potency difference among neuroleptics may be the degree of built-in anticholinergic activity. PMID- 1103206 TI - A longitudinal therapeutic comparison between two prototypic neuroleptics (haloperidol and chlorpromazine) in matched groups of schizophrenics. Nontherapeutic interactions with trihexyphenidyl. Theoretical implications for potency differences. AB - The treatment process with two prototypic neuroleptics--haloperidol and chlorpromazine--and the nontherapeutic effects of trihexyphenidyl on this process were studied in carefully matched groups of ten schizophrenics each, using a "double-blind", repeated-measure, longitudinal research design. Measurements of various aspects of psychopathology, social participation and clinical indices of arousal were made periodically and objective test of cognition and attention were given. The two treatment groups were highly comparable in epidemiological and clinical terms and differed significantly during the baseline period in only one of the 39 parameters. Longitudinal nonparametric analyses showed that significant therepeutic changes tended to occur more quickly and involved a wider spectrum of schizophrenic phenomena with haloperidol than with chlorpromazine. Parametric analyses also indicated that at the completion of the study, haloperidol-treated patients had significant improvement in many more dimensions than the chlorpromazine-treated patients and that the changes with haloperidol were generally of greater magnitude. At the same time, chlorpromazine treatment seemed to be more susceptible to the antagonistic effects of trihexyphenidyl. No differential patterns of responses were noted for the two neuroleptics to provide any clinical validity to the distinction often made between "sedative" and "activating" neuroleptics. These data were in agreement with those from a previous comparative study which had a very different research design and a somewhat different type of schizophrenic population. The clinical and potency differences between the two neuroleptics were again explained on the basis of the fact that chlorpromazine has much stronger built-in anticholinergic properties, which may be acting in opposition to the antipsychotic activity. It was suggested that the degree of inherent anticholinergic activity may be an important determinant of potency differences among presently known neuroleptics. The possible role of cholinergic mechanisms in schizophrenia was discussed. PMID- 1103207 TI - The effects of methylphenidate and haloperidol on the heart rate and blood pressure of hyperactive children with special reference to time of action. AB - Twelve hyperactive-aggressive children were given single acute doses of placebo, methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.035 mg/kg) on three separate occasions in a double blind crossover design with drug order randomized across subjects. Resting heart rates and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were obtained at nine intervals up to 7 hrs and electrocardiograms at 150 min after ingestion. Methylphenidate caused a small trend toward an increment in heart rate and a significant increment in blood pressure, while the changes with haloperidol were minimal. There were no EKG changes. Changes in heart rate were of a minimal nature as compared with those occurring with digestion which tended to obscure drug effects. PMID- 1103208 TI - Effects of personal interactions and setting on subjective drug responses in small groups. AB - Subjective responses induced by secobarbital and meprobamate were evaluated in 4 X 4 controlled trials in small groups of healthy young adults over 4 months. Drug effects were mainly influenced by attitudes toward the project, personal interactions, and anticipations of the subjects. The effects of some of these factors were similar to, and at least as powerful as those which are usually considered characteristic of sedatives and stimulants. The same factors, however, did not apparently effect objective responses. PMID- 1103209 TI - Marihuana effects on TAT form and content. AB - In a double-blind study, 72 normal male subjects were given either placebo or marihuana containing 20 mg. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Stories written to cards selected from the Thematic Apperception Test did not differ on hostile or sexual content scales between drug and placebo conditions, but 6 out of 10 scales specifically constructed to detect marihuana effects were successful at differentiating the two conditions. Under marihuana the stories had a timeless, non-narrative quality, with greater discontinuity in thought sequence and more frequent inclusion of contradictory ideas. Novelty of content was somewhat increased by marihuana, while relation to the picture, imagery, repetition, and closure were not significantly affected. PMID- 1103210 TI - Relaxation training and biofeedback in the reduction of frontalis muscle tension. PMID- 1103211 TI - Psychopharmacology and psychosomatic illness. PMID- 1103212 TI - Imipramine pamoate in depression. PMID- 1103213 TI - W.H.O. sponsored collaborative studies on nutritional anaemia in India. 1. The effects of supplemental oral iron administration to pregnant women. AB - A W.H.O. sponsored collaborative study of the effects of iron supplementation to pregnant women was carried out in Delhi (northern India) and Vellore (southern India). Supplementation was given under supervision from the 26th to the 36th or 38th week of pregnancy. A control group received only placebo; one group received vitamin B12 and folic acid alone; four groups received vitamin B12, folate and a daily iron supplement ranging from 30 to 240 mg of elemental iron as ferrous fumerate, and one further group received 120 mg of iron without B12 or folate. Groups receiving no iron showed a fall in mean stet concentration. Those receiving iron showed a rise in haemoglobin, the best results being in the groups receiving 120 and 240 mg of iron together with vitamin B12 and folate. Even in these groups however there was still a high prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency at the end of the trial period. Iron alone did not produce as good results as iron plus vitamin B12 and folate. The supplementation had no detectable effect on the birth weight of the children, nor on the haemoglobin concentration of the infants at three months of age. The daily absorption of iron in the pregnant women, as judged from the increase in haemoglobin mass, was not as satisfactory as expected. Possible reasons for this are discussed. It is concluded that to provide these women with adequate iron a daily oral supplementation of 120 mg of elemental iron or more is needed. This can only be achieved by medicinal means. Before supplementation can be recommended on a public health scale, further information regarding the cost and expected benefits of such measures must be obtained. PMID- 1103214 TI - Phase transitions and fluidity characteristics of lipids and cell membranes. PMID- 1103215 TI - A rational impression technique for precision prosthetics and temporary coverage. PMID- 1103216 TI - Drum splints through injection casting procedures--an alternative. PMID- 1103217 TI - Dental auxiliaries. (I). An annotated bibliography on the use of ancillary workers in dentistry. PMID- 1103218 TI - Denture psychology in the Talmud. PMID- 1103219 TI - A prehistoric impaction. PMID- 1103220 TI - [Nature of the radioprotective effect]. PMID- 1103221 TI - [Role of endogenous thiols in determining the radioresistance of E. coli B cultures at different growth phases]. PMID- 1103222 TI - [Effect of radiation and cystamine on corneal induction by the eye on intact skin]. PMID- 1103223 TI - [Liver insulinase and insulin-like activity of rat blood after irradiation]. PMID- 1103224 TI - [Activity and distribution of desoxyribonuclease in the liver and spleen of animals in the dynamics of acute radiation sickness and following treatment with transplanted bone marrow]. PMID- 1103225 TI - [Repair of the bone marrow in local irradiation of dogs]. PMID- 1103226 TI - [Study of the effect of radiation on the proteins of ribosomes with the use of proteolytic enzymes]. PMID- 1103227 TI - [First results with electronic data processing supported radiodiagnosis of peripheral bronchial carcinomas]. PMID- 1103228 TI - [Giant hypertrophic gastritis (Menetrier's disease)]. AB - A case of giant hypertrophic gastritis is described. The atiology, clinical symptoms, histological changes, therapeutic aspects and the differentiation to the reticulo-blastomas of stomach are discussed. PMID- 1103229 TI - The radiographic size of renal transplants. AB - The lengths of 55 renal transplants outlined by metallic clips were measured on serial abdominal radiographs up to 3 years after operation. The range of normal transplant size was defined as the mean value +/- 2 standard deviations. Using this definition, the maximum increase in length was 5% at 10 days, 10% at 1 month, and 1% additional for each month in the first year. The normal maximum rate of increase in renal length was 0.5% per day, found only in the immediate postoperative period. Sixty per cent of transplants with severe rejection had either an abnormal length or growth rate or both. In chronic rejection and other complications, size and growth were rarely abnormal. An abnormal decrease in renal length was not seen with any complication. PMID- 1103230 TI - Lymphomas: initial reactivation. AB - A total of 299 patients with Stage IA-Stage IIB nodal lymphoma treated by irradiation were evaluated for initial reactivation. The abdomen was the major site of reactivation for patients with supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease. The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas reactivated in a variable fashion. Reactivation was prompt for patients with reticulum-cell sarcoma and longer for patients with other lymphomas. Initial extranodal manifestations were present in 24%, 51%, and 63% of patients with Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, and reticulum-cell sarcoma, respectively. PMID- 1103231 TI - 67Ga citrate in renal allograft rejection. AB - Eight renal allograft recipients were examined on 31 occasions following administration of 99mTc sulfur colloid and 67Ga citrate. Transplant accumulation of each agent was compared and collated with the clinical diagnosis. The procedures matched in 25 instances (81%). Gallium accumulated in the graft producing a false positive result in 2 instances of acute tubular necrosis with anuria, and failed to accumulate within the graft in one case of chronic rejection and in 2 instances of acute rejection. Both radioagents failed to accumulate in 3 patients with acute rejection following heparin therapy. These data indicate that 99mTc sulfur colloid is superior to 67Ga citrate in establishing the diagnosis of transplant rejection and also provides more timely information. PMID- 1103232 TI - Abnormalities in the regional circulations accompanying congestive heart failure. AB - In congestive heart failure, patients appear to have alimited ability to dilate their resistance vessels in skeletal muscle in response to a metabolic stimulus. This is true whether the metabolic stimulus is ischemia, dynamic, or static exercise. The mechanism for this limited arteriolar capacity is at least twofold; an increased sodium content of the vessels as well as an increased tissue pressure which is seen in edematous states. This can be considered a positive compensatory mechanism in that it helps to maintain systemic arterial pressure during exercise when the cardiac output fails to increase normally. If the resistance vessels were to dilate normally, then in the face of a limited cardiac output, exercise syncope would be expected to occur... PMID- 1103233 TI - Reflexes from the heart. PMID- 1103234 TI - Clinical, angiographic, and hemodynamic factors influencing selection of patients for coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 1103235 TI - A review of some theoretical models of the brain. PMID- 1103236 TI - [Cellular and genetic aspects of antibody formation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1103237 TI - [Antibody structure and antigen-antibody reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1103238 TI - [Chemical and immunochemical studies on peptide hormones (author's transl)]. PMID- 1103239 TI - [Some problems of urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 1103240 TI - [On the threshold of neurohumoral pathology. In commemoration of the discovery of plasma cells]. PMID- 1103241 TI - [Prevention of hyperacute active rejection of renal allografts in primates using F(ab')2 and adequate immunosuppression]. PMID- 1103242 TI - Inward calcium current and activation of contraction in mammalian myocardial fibers. AB - Electrophysiological and tracer studies show an increase in Ca permeability of cardiac cell membranes during excitation. The Ca influx (ICa) during the plateau of the cardiac action potential is a voltage- and time-dependent electrogenic process. The following results were obtained by simultaneous recordings of twitch tension (T) and membrane ionic currents under voltage clamp conditions. 1) The threshold potentials for T and ICa are the same. 2) T decreases when the reversal potential by ICa is approached during depolarization. 3) The voltage and time dependences of recovery of ICa and of T from inactivation are very similar. 4) Catecholamines and methylxanthines which exert a positive inotropic effect increase ICa. 5) Substances which reduce ICa (La3+, Co2+, Mn2+, verapamil, and D 600) cause a negative inotropic effect. Despite these parallelisms the relation between ICa and T is indirect since during repetitive identical depolarizations ICa decreases while T increases (staircase). This can be explained by a store (sarcoplasmic reticulum?) into which Ca ions flow and from which they are released. Other factors like Na-Ca exchange influence the filling of these stores. PMID- 1103243 TI - The regulatory system of the actin-myosin interaction. AB - According to recent views the active troponin (Tn) complex consists of three components distinguishable by their ability to bind Ca2+ (TnC), to combine with troponyosin (TnT), and to inhibit actomyosin ATPase with ot without Ca2+ (TnI). Addition of Tn to an actin-myosin-tropomyosin system produceas a Ca2+ requirement for ATPase activity. Recent developments bearing on the mechanism both in vitro and in vivo are reviewed in order to correlate biochemical, physiochemical, electron microscopic, and physiological findings. The use of various combination of isolated components considerably helps in pinpointing changes that occur within components (conformational changes) and in the relative positions of interacting moieties. Available data on differences between the skeletal and cardiac system are also discussed. PMID- 1103244 TI - Disturbances of transmembrane ionic fluxes and their role in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysrhythmias. AB - Abnormalities of cardiac rhythm are due either to disorders of impulse propagation (delay or block of conduction, re-entry, circus movement, etc.), or to disturbances of impulse formation (dysfunction of ordinary pacemakers and induction of focal activity). In most instances certain disturbances of transmembrane movements of Na or K ions may be considered to be involved basically in the genesis of dysrhythmic cardiac activity. By means of intracellular recordings as well as of voltage clamp measurements and of analogical computations it is demonstrated that characteristic changes of the membrane potential might result from entirely different ionic mechanisms. Furthermore, an attempt is made to present a detailed analysis of permeability changes underlying normal pacemaker activity in Purkinje fibers as compared with the sinus node or with focal activity induced in myocardial fibers by different influences (aconitine, barium ions, stretch, and strong currents). PMID- 1103245 TI - [Physiopathology and clinical aspects of carcinoid tumor]. PMID- 1103246 TI - Socialization effects of participation in sport: a critical review of the research. PMID- 1103247 TI - Bioenergetics in clinical medicine. II. Adjunctive treatment with coenzyme Q in periodontal therapy. AB - Eight patients under routine care for periodontitis received oral treatment with a form of coenzyme Q (7 / CoQ10 and 1 / hexahydrocoenzyme Q4). An unchanged plaque score showed the patients cooperated and were under plaque control. The periodontal score decreased (p less than 0.01) on CoQ treatment. Unexpectedly, the periodontal pocket depth decreased (P less than 0.05) on CoQ treatment since all patients were considered candidates for surgical intervention. Healing was so excellent 5-7 days post-biopsy that the biopsy sites were difficult to locate. The healing was viewed as extraordinarily effective. The mean value of the specific activities of the succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q10 reductase of gingival biopsies increased (P less than 0.05) during treatment which could correlate with the extraordinarily healing. Treatment of periodontitis with coenzyme Q should be considered as adjunctive treatment with current dental practice. PMID- 1103248 TI - [Value of reconstructive surgery of the ossicular chain in transmission deafness]. PMID- 1103249 TI - [Professor Gheorghe Nastase]. PMID- 1103250 TI - [Porto-systemic encephalo-myelopathy]. AB - To avoid the dangerous consequences of gastro-intestinal haemorrhages in portal hypertension, portosystemic anastomosis is often performed. These operations unfortunately cause numerous complications among which isolated encephalopathy and encephalo-myelopathy hold pride of place. In spite of their different clinical, biological, therapeutic and anatomo-pathological behaviour, these two complications are undoubtedly the result of a common pathogenesis of which the details are not at present understood. It is, however, known that these involve complex metabolic disorders connected with the direct passage into the caval blood of products from the gut (ammonia, false neurotransmitters, ...). Experiments with rats have shown development of type II Alzheimer glia in the cerebellum after portocaval anastomosis; so far, spinal lesions have not been reproduced (10-76). In conclusion, it must be recognized that, as Lucien Leger (39) wrote, "by creating a new physiopathology, portal decompression raises as many questions as it solves." PMID- 1103251 TI - [Award of the Professor Tcheradzi prize]. PMID- 1103252 TI - [Dental bacteriologic samples: --significance--technic--results]. PMID- 1103253 TI - [The Oscar Hertwig centenary]. PMID- 1103254 TI - [Immunologic and bacteriologic problems in periodontal and periapical granulomas]. PMID- 1103255 TI - [Food and caries. A cariostatic tropical plant: taro]. PMID- 1103256 TI - [Dental infection seen from the angle of conservation of the tooth. Historical aspects. Introduction to the debate]. PMID- 1103257 TI - [Future prospects for the prevention of dental caries in man]. PMID- 1103258 TI - [Landa-Devin documentation. An orientation instrument for research in dental prostheses]. PMID- 1103259 TI - [Urinary excretion of insulin]. PMID- 1103260 TI - [A Peruvian strain of Trypanosoma rangeli. III. Observations on the experimental infection of Panstrongylus herreri Wygodzinsky, 1948]. PMID- 1103261 TI - [The 80th birthday of Werner Teschendorf]. PMID- 1103262 TI - [The cost of disease: review of the literature]. PMID- 1103263 TI - [Therapeutic, toxic, and side effects of cromanidine in the treatment of primary and secondary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 1103264 TI - Pressure diuresis and hypertension. PMID- 1103265 TI - Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of the intravenous glucose tolerance test and the serum insulin response to this test in the middle-aged men. AB - The reproducibility of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and the serum insulin response to this test have been studied in 48 healthy middle-aged men participating in a health screening program. Two tests were done 4-6 weeks apart. The subjects were ambulatory, and no diet prescriptions other than recommendation of an overnight fast were given. Under these circumstances the correlation between the K values of the two tests was low (r equals 0.55), and the equation for linear regression was y equals 0.56 x + 0.61. The intraindividual variation was 21 per cent, expressed as the coefficient of variation. The early increases in glucose-stimulated serum insulin concentrations in the two tests were significantly correlated (r equals 0.87), and this equation for linear regress was y equals 0.81 x + 10. The coefficient of variation intraindividually for this determination was 20 per cent. We conclude that the K values of the IVGTTs must be judged with caution when obtained in ambulatory practice, especially when the result is used for preventive measures and long term follow-up of asymptomatic individuals. PMID- 1103266 TI - Turnover in humans of iodine- and cobalamin-labeled transcobalamin I and of iodine-labeled albumin. AB - Purified transcobalamin I labeled with radioactive iodine and cobalamin was used for turnover studies in 17 humans. Mean fractional catabolic rate was 0.15 d-1 and mean distribution ratio was 0.57. No difference was observed between the turnover in a control group and in patients with vitiligo or pernicious anemia. The plasma curves of the iodine and the cobalamin label were identical, indicating that cobalamin was liberated from transcobalamin I only when this protein was degraded. It was further concluded that transcobalamin I was of minor importance for the transport of cobalamin from the gut to the tissues. The turnover of transcobalamin I was correlated to the turnover of albumin in 9 patients studied with both proteins. PMID- 1103267 TI - The glucose oxidation in isolated leukocytes from female patients suffering from overweight or anorexia nervosa. AB - Leukocytes from controls and patients with either overweight or anorexia nervosa were incubated with [U-14C]glucose in buffer with or without 50 percent serum. The production of [14C]O2 was measured both under phagocytosing and nonphagocytosing conditions. On the average leukocytes from the two groups of patients produced less [14C]O2 than leukocytes from the controls. Sera from controls stimulated the glucose oxidation in control leukocytes more than sera from patients with anorexia nervosa and less than sera from overweight patients. Neither the insulin nor the glucose content of the sera was of importance for the results. We assume that other serum factors may contribute to the reduced glucose oxidation in leukocytes from patients with anorexia nervosa, whereas this is not the case for patients with overweight. PMID- 1103268 TI - Renal transplantation in the rat. II. In vitro perfusion of rat kidneys before transplantation. AB - The use of rats in renal preservation studies has many advantages: homogeneity, the availability of inbred strains, low cost, and simplicity of handling. Techniques for renal transplantation in the rat are already established. The present work was performed to standardize the isolated hypothermic perfusion of rat kidneys, using the clearing of blood as a reference point. Reproducibility of isolated perfusion was attained, when the donor rat was anaesthetized with Inactin and pretreated with phenoxybenzamine and heparin. Perfusion was performed with constant flow under controlled temperature conditions, and the perfusion pressure was monitored. Comparative studies of the clearance of blood from the cortex and outer medulla are included in this model. Provided the microsurgical technique is mastered, the rat may be used for studies of renal preservation. The developed technique permits the kidney to be perfused under controlled conditions. PMID- 1103269 TI - Renal transplantation in the rat. IV. Cortical pressure gradients measured in vivo and during isolated perfusion with reference to renal function after transplantation. AB - Pressure characteristics within the renal cortex of rats were studied with a micropuncture technique in vivo and during isolated hypothermic perfusion. Use of a colloid-free perfusate resulted in an interstitial pressure of 30 cm H2O (normally 1-2 cm H2O), thereby producing a high outflow resistance and perfusion pressure. Interstitial pressures only slightly above normal were found when colloids such as Dextran 40 or albumin were added. The main resistance within the renal vascular bed both in vivo and during isolated perfusion was localized to the afferent and efferent arterioles. The increased pressures were most likely due to extravasation of fluid. With regard to the colloid-containing perfusates, the small but significant increase in interstitial pressure could be explained by increased passage of colloids over the capillary membranes. In conclusion, colloid-free perfusion produced a pronounced but transient elevation of the postoperative serum creatinine level in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 1103270 TI - Management of bleeding varices in cirrhosis: a critical examination. PMID- 1103271 TI - The constipating effect of diphenoxylate (Retardinr) in ulcerative colitis. A double-blind controlled trial. AB - A double-blind study of 20 patients with ulcerative colitis during treatment with diphenoxylate 5 mg three times daily and placebo is reported. There were two treatment periods of 14 days each, with cross-over technique and randomized sequence. Test variable for constipating effect was the mean number of defaecations per day. The criterion for inclusion of patients was the presence of 4 or more daily bowel movements; 2 patients did not complete the investigation. Significant difference (p less than 0.01) in constipating effect between diphenoxylase and placebo was demonstrated both during a period of 12 days and a period of 6 days (Tables II and III). The average number of bowel movements were reduced by 0.7 and 1.3 per day respectively. Side-effects during treatment with diphenoxylate were seen in 53% (Table III) with significant difference against placebo (p less than 0.05). On the basis of the small absolute reduction of defaecation frequency side-effects, it is concluded that diphenoxylate has no place in the routine treatment of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 1103272 TI - Pentagastrin dose-response in peptic ulcer disease. AB - Stepwise increasing doses of pentagastrin (0.166, 1, and 6 mug/kg-hr) were given to 21 healthy volunteers (HV), 22 patients without peptic ulcer disease (MI), and 22, 18, and 19 patients with duodenal (DU), pyloric (PU), and gastric ulcer (GU) respectively. Maximal response (Vmax) and half maximal dose of pentagastrin (Km) were calculated for both acid and pepsin. The ability to secrete acid and pepsin was in PU and GU slightly higher and lower, respectively, than in the non-ulcer groups. Markedly elevated values were found in DU, and the pepsin secretion was relatively more increased than that of acid. The values for Km suggested a different behavior of the chief cells and the parietal cells in DU. Whereas the sensitivity of the parietal cells appeared to be abnormally high, that of the chief cells tended to be lower than normal. The discrimination between DU and the non-ulcer groups was better by estimation of pepsin than of acid secretion and tended to improve with increasing stimulation. Superiority was however, found for a submaximal dose of pentagastrin for acid secretion. No superiority in discrimination between groups was found for Vmax. Km was poorly reproducible for acid and pepsin and showed little diagnostic significance. The study suggests that pentagastrin dose-response does not provide more diagnostic information than a single dose (1 mug/kg-hr), which is maximal for pepsin and submaximal for acid. PMID- 1103273 TI - A double blind trial of carbenoxolone and geranyl farnesyl acetate in gastric ulcer. AB - 57 patients with a chronic gastric ulcer were treated as outpatients in a double blind comparison of carbenozolone 100 mg three times daily with the same dose of geranyl farnesyl acetate (Gefarnate). Healing rates for carbenoxolone were better than for gefarnate, but not significantly so. Nearly half the carbenoxolone treated patients developed hypokalaemia or oedema, whereas no similar side effects were found with gefarnate. Gefarnate, while not as effective as carbenoxolone, does appear to promote gastric ulcer healing. Its virtual absence of side-effects makes it a safe and useful drug. PMID- 1103274 TI - Antibodies against equine ALG during treatment of rejection crisis after renal allotransplantation. AB - The development of antibodies to equine anti-human-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) was followed using passive hemagglutination and gel diffusion, and to Forssman antigen using direct sheep erythrocyte agglutination, in a controlled clinical investigation of ALG treatment of established rejection of renal allografts in a total of 12 patients. With passive hemagglutination a weak antibody to ALG was seen only in one case. There was no increase in titer for sheep erythrocyte antigens during treatment, which agrees well with clinical observations in which no anaphylactic reactions were seen. PMID- 1103275 TI - Reaction of thymus epithelial cells with antibodies to group A streptococcal polysaccharide. AB - Immunofluorescence studies show that thymus epithelial cells react with antibodies to group A streptococcal polysaccharide. PMID- 1103276 TI - Bone formation in a free, living bone graft transferred by microvascular anastomoses. A quantitative microscopic study using fluorochrome markers. AB - Bone labeling studies with fluorochrome markers (oxytetracycline and DCAF) were carried out in fifteen dogs in which the posterior portion of the ninth rib was transferred, by means of microvascular anastomoses, to a defect fashioned in the mandible. Seven of the dogs received preoperative radiation of the mandible in order to study the performance of the revascularized graft in radiated tissue. In nine animals the bone grafts were labeled in the subperiosteal, the cortical and the endosteal parts, as opposed to the non-labeling of conventional free bone grafts. Determination of the linear bone formation rate in seven dogs (five non radiated and two radiated), with the use of a scanning microscope photometer, showed no significant difference between the growth rate in the grafts and that in three other skeletal sites studied. PMID- 1103277 TI - Surgical treatment of eyelid cancer with special reference to tarsoconjunctival flaps. A follow-up on 193 patients. AB - 203 cancers of the eyelid were operated on in 193 patients. 65% of the tumours occurred in males and the peak incidence was at 75 years. 60% afflicted the lower eyelids and 21% the medial canthi. Basal cell carcinoma were found in 182 specimens and spinocellular carcinoma in only 8. Malignant melanoma, Meibomian gland carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma appeared each in one patient, the latter representing the only fatal case in eyelid cancer. All cancers were excised with a free margin around 5 mm. The standard procedures of reconstruction of the eyelid defect were a fullthickness skin graft in cases where conjunctiva and tarsus could be preserved (97 cases), and a tarsoconjunctival flap in full thickness defects of the lower eyelid (58 cases). Other methods used were wedge excision and direct approximation in very small lesions involving the lid margin, an infratarsal island flap from the lower eyelid for medium-sized to large defects in the upper lid and a forehead or scalp flap after exenteration of the orbit. 18/203 cancers recurred and 12 of these were primarily regarded as radically treated. Seven of the latter were reoperated after more than 3 years and may in fact be new tumours. No metastases were found. The various reconstructive procedures are discussed in detail PMID- 1103278 TI - Reconstruction of the defective mandible. AB - In a clinical material consisting of 31 cases of mandibular defects, caused by tumour resection or by trauma, reconstruction has been carried out by means of a stabilizing titanium splint and autologous bone and marrow transplantation, the longest period of observation being 9 years. The functional results obtained are assessed with reference to the cause of resection. Different technical procedures are described and the objectives and the planning of reconstruction of the lower jaw are discussed. PMID- 1103279 TI - Effect of phentolamine and propranolol on the survival of experimental skin flaps. AB - The effect of phentolamine and/or propranolol (alpha- and beta-receptor blocking compounds respectively) on the survival of skin flaps was studied in rats. Phentolamine and/or propranolol were injected intraperitoneally every 12 hours, starting one day before the flap operation, and continued for 5 consecutive days. One week after the operation the survival of the flaps was judged. Systemic treatment with either compound alone or in combination resulted in statistically significant increased survival of the flaps. The results demonstrate that both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors influence the survival of skin flaps in rats. PMID- 1103280 TI - [Density testing in composite fillings with and without enamel etching]. PMID- 1103281 TI - [The effect of fluorides on the adhesion of sealants on etched enamel]. AB - The adhesion of composite filling material was examined on etched and fluoridated enamel in vitro. Etching considerably improves the adhesion. Application of 1% NaF and of 1% acid phosphate fluoride after etching insignificantly decreases it. 1.15% aminofluoride does not change the adhesion. PMID- 1103282 TI - [The problem of the marginal sealing in composite resin fillings]. PMID- 1103283 TI - [Enamel etching for conservative dental treatment]. AB - The enamel etching technique has contributed towards better retention and smaller cavities, and towards less microfissures at the cavity margins. The different etching acids and their concentration are described, and their function illustrated by EM photographs. Phosphoric acid of a concentration between 37 and 50% seems to give the best results. The morphology of the etched surface and the measurements of the degree of adhesion of different composites suggest that the use of bonding agents is not imperative. The practical indications for the etching technique in the dental office are described. PMID- 1103284 TI - The iron-sulphur proteins: structure, function and evolution of a ubiquitous group of proteins. PMID- 1103285 TI - Insecticide resistance, a problem in applied biology. PMID- 1103286 TI - Subpopulations of lymphocytes: a review. AB - Human lymphocytes comprise a heterologous population of cells which can be sub divided on functional criteria or on the basis of surface membrane markers. Although it is widely accepted that human lymphocytes are broadly divisible into thymus dependent (T) and thymus independent (B) cells, recent evidence suggests that at least in humans this distinction may not be as clear cut as previously thought. An assessment of the relative numbers of T and B cells in human peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues can be made utilizing these marker systems. This has led to a reclassification of human lymphoid diseases according to the T and B cell concept, which might be of value in characterising the immunological status in health and disease, and may allow a more rational approach to the therapy of immune deficiency states and lymphoid malignancies. PMID- 1103287 TI - Late follow-up in spina bifida cystica. AB - The further progress of the survivors in 1969, of a group of 150 babies born with spina bifida cystica in the period 1960-66 is described. Children with a meningocele continued to do well. Those with a myelomeningocele are divided into 2 groups. There were 4 late deaths and a considerable degree of handicap in the group of 23 in whom the spinal cord was exposed on the surface as a plaque at birth. There were 2 late deaths and a much lower incidence of handicap in the group of 25 in whom only ectopic nervous tissue was found in the sac at birth. The incidence and treatment of hydrocephalus is described. Changes in the attitude to the treatment of a neonate with a myelomeningocele are discussed. PMID- 1103288 TI - Reticulocyte transfer RNA and hemoglobin synthesis. PMID- 1103289 TI - Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from man to the guinea pig. AB - Intracerebral and intraperitoneal inoculation of two guinea pigs with biopsy material from a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease produced a similar fatal encephalopathy characterized by status spongiosus 422 and 512 days after inoculation. Serial transmission of this disease from guinea pig to guinea pig was achieved in subsequent passages. PMID- 1103290 TI - Ionophore-mediated calcium entry induces mussel gill ciliary arrest. AB - Lateral cilia of freshwater mussel gills, which normally beat with metachronal rhythm, are arrested pointing frontally by perfusion with 6.25 to 12.5 millimolar calcium and 10(-5) molar A23187, a calcium ionophore. Arrest does not occur in either calcium or ionophore and monovalent cations alone. Activity returns with continued perfusion in potassium chloride or calcium chloride, and more slowly in sodium chloride, after removal of ionophore. These results support the hypothesis that a local rise in internal calcium causes ciliary arrest. PMID- 1103291 TI - Molecular biology of bacteriophage mu. PMID- 1103292 TI - Determination of molecular conformation in solution. PMID- 1103293 TI - Gout in Maoris. AB - Historical evidence suggests that the Maori people of New Zealand were virtually untroubled by gout or obesity at a time when these disorders, along with other elements of the gouty diathesis, were rife in the best fed and hardest drinking sections of the Northern European population. By the mid 20th century, however, the apparent decline of the gout in Europe and North America and the breakup of the gouty diathesis in those lands had been more than compensated by their large scale reappearance in the Maori and in other indigenous inhabitants of the Pacific Basin who, at first sight, appeared to have become one large gouty family. Half the Polynesian population of New Zealand, Rarotonga, Puka Puka, and the Tokelau Islands proved to be hyperuricemic by accepted European and North American standards, the associated gout rate reaching 10.2% in Maori males aged 20 and over. The trends towards hyperuricemia and gout, on the one hand, and towards obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and associated degenerative vascular disorders, on the other hand, which manifest themselves separately in some Polynesian Pacific Islanders, run together in the Maori and Samoan people, presenting a combined problem of considerable importance to the public health. The appearance of these traits under conditions of plenty in the descendants of hardy and wide-ranging Polynesian voyagers, suggests the emergence of a formerly favorable ancestral polygenic variation through selection for survival under harder conditions. This may now have lost its primitive survival value with a paradoxic shift towards increased prevalence of obesity and the gouty diathesis in more affluent environmental conditions. This may now constitute a genetic load, with recent environmentally determined increase in morbidity and mortality rates from degenerative vascular disorders. There is no satisfactory evidence that overproduction of uric acid differs in mechanism from its European counterparts, although more work remains to be done to determine whether there is any difficulty in renal handling of an increased uric acid load. A high Maori morbidity rate from gout and morbidity and mortality rates from associated components of the gouty diathesis in the face of readily available skilled medical advice and care, indicate the need for greater future attention to help education and health care delivery, at least while conditions of plenty continue. Continuation of previous epidemiologic surveillance may then be required in order to provide a continuing index of the effectiveness of these measures, as well as an opportunity for further research into the interrelationships of these associated disorders. PMID- 1103294 TI - Overview of diagnostic ultrasound. PMID- 1103295 TI - Echoencephalography. PMID- 1103296 TI - Echocardiography in congenital heart disease. PMID- 1103297 TI - Abdominal echography. PMID- 1103298 TI - Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 1103299 TI - Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 1103300 TI - North Carolina contracts out its Medicaid program. PMID- 1103301 TI - The molecular basis of amoeboid movement. PMID- 1103302 TI - Dynamics of mitotic spindle organization and function. PMID- 1103303 TI - Structure and physiology of the mammalian mitotic spindle. PMID- 1103304 TI - The role of actin in nonmuscle cell motility. AB - Since actin, myosin, and in certain systems, tropomyosin have now been described in nonmuscle cells, it is not surprising that most of the current models of nonmuscle cell motility are simplified versions of myofibril contraction (see Huxley, 1973; Pollard and Weihing, 1974; Spudich, 1974). These models may very well be valid, but it is unfortunate to limit one's thinking by assuming that one particular specialized cell type, skeletal muscle, must necessarily reflect how the generally occurring phenomenon of cell motility in all cells is achieved. I have described in this chapter two systems in which the generation of motion is carried out in association with actin filaments alone. No myosin appears to be present. In one system motion is effected by the rapid polymerization of actin, in the other by changing the packing of actin filaments. My purpose is not only to suggest that alternative mechanisms are possible and should be looked for in the diverse types of actin associated motility present in nonmuscle cells, but also, and this is the main aim of this chapter, I am suggesting that the basic control mechanisms which control motility in nonmuscle cells may be very different from those in skeletal muscle. I have tried to demonstrate in this regard that the assembly and disassembly of the contractile apparatus in nonmuscle cells is probably the basic control mechanism. Unlike skeletal muscle, in which the contractile apparatus is stable, in nonmuscle cells it is extremely labile forming and breaking down rapidly and repeatedly during development. In fact, much of the motion may be attributed not to myosin-actin interactions, which undoubtedly occur, but to the assembly and disassembly of the apparatus itself. Thus I concentrated on control of the assembly of actin in cells, in particular on what determines the proper spatial and temporal coordinates of this assembly. I described how actin in sperm and red blood cell ghosts can be nonrandomly distributed in cells in the nonfilamentous state which, interestingly enough, is not monomeric actin. Instead much of the actin appears to be bound in the cell. I also discussed how the actin may polymerize relative to membranes, how actin filaments may associate with membranes along their lengths, how the polarity of the actin may be determined, and what might the substance be which holds the actin to the membranes. PMID- 1103305 TI - Chromosome movement: current models and experiments on living cells. PMID- 1103306 TI - A functional classification of hypochondriasis with specific recommendations for treatment. AB - A review of both past and present psychiatric literature reveals that the concept of hypochondriasis is inexact and confusing. In an attempt to make hypochondriasis a meaningful and useful concept for practicing clinicans, a functional classification is presented that views hypochondriasis from four aspects--(1) as a "warning signal," (2) as a symptom of psychosis, (3) as a symptom of depressive illness, and (4) as a syndrome labelled "true hypochondriasis." Each of these aspects is discussed, with emphasis placed on specific and practical recommendations for treatment. PMID- 1103307 TI - Iatrogenic lesions of the colon and rectum. AB - Our ability to document a number of examples of iatrogenic lesions of the colon and rectum in three general hospitals confirms the multiplicity of these lesions as presented in the literature. It appears that the careful surgeon and his associates would well heed the old admonition known as Murphy's law, that "Anything that can go wrong will go wrong." In the daily practice of the general surgeon and proctologist, it is apparent that gentleness in approaching any anal rectal examination for either diagnostic or therapeutic purposes is mandatory. The insertion of any foreign object, be it an examining finger, a thermometer, enema tip, or proctoscope, may subject the patient to an inadvertent injury of significant proportion. The dangers inherent in the evaluation and treatment of patients with recognized disease processes is significantly greater than that associated with routine and screening examinations. Morbidity and mortality have been shown to be associated with the barium enema as well as with the barium enema as well as with some of the newer radiologic procedures such as mesenteric angiography. The use of tap water for enemas has produced morbidity both from thermal injuries and from electrolyte depletion. Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs frequently result in colon and rectal disease, and therapeutic procedures directed at organs adjacent to the colon and rectum have resulted in a number of iatrogenic lesions. This reviews confirms reports of others that iatrogenic lesions of the colon and rectum are not solely due to the physician's inexperience, as significant numbers of these lesions were the result of the diagnostic or therapeutic efforts of men of considerable experience and skill. Advanced age of the patient and diseases leading to changes in the character of the bowel wall frequently were factors in the production of these lesions. A poorly prepared bowel has led to increased morbidity and mortality associated with iatrogenic perforations. The early recognition of these lesions and prompt medical and surgical management diminishes both the morbidity and mortality associated with such injuries. PMID- 1103308 TI - The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. PMID- 1103309 TI - Historical aspects of foreign bodies in the air and food passages. PMID- 1103310 TI - Eponym: Corrigan's disease. PMID- 1103311 TI - [Heart defects in middle-aged and old persons]. PMID- 1103312 TI - [Determination of vitamin B 12 concentration in the serum by means of the radioisotope method]. PMID- 1103313 TI - [Pathography, mysterious disease and death of Alexander the Great (historical and medical hypothesis)]. PMID- 1103314 TI - [Withdrawal of dermoepidermal transplants in local anesthesia by freezing with chlorethylene]. PMID- 1103315 TI - [The 70th birthday of Vaclav Paces]. PMID- 1103316 TI - [The 50th birthday of Head Physician Jan Novtny]. PMID- 1103318 TI - [In memory of Robert F. Ivy]. PMID- 1103317 TI - [Development and perspectives of pediatric urology]. PMID- 1103319 TI - [In memory of Prof. Frantisek Michl]. PMID- 1103320 TI - [The 60th birthday of Head Physician Miroslav Machacek]. PMID- 1103321 TI - [The 50th birthday of Jan Zahor, M.D., C.Sc]. PMID- 1103322 TI - Guy Abercrombie Elliott. PMID- 1103323 TI - Studies on multiple antibiotic resistance in obligate anaerobes. AB - Forty-eight Gram-negative obligate anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from faeces on selective media and their antibiotic resistance spectra were determined. R factor transfer was not detected in a series of experiments involving matings among the anaerobes, nor between the anaerobes and known donor and recipient facultative E. coli strains. Antibiotic resistance plasmids could not be demonstrated by treatment with acridine dyes and ethidium bromide in four multiply-resistant strains. PMID- 1103324 TI - In memoriam: Nicolaas Salomon Fryer. PMID- 1103325 TI - The treatment of contact burns of the palm in children. AB - A combination of early tangenital excision and skin grafting, with early continuous splinting in an acrylic sandwich-splint, is described as a method of management of contact burns of the palm in children. PMID- 1103326 TI - In memoriam: Gerald Spence Smyth. PMID- 1103327 TI - Letter: History of mental health services in South Africa. PMID- 1103328 TI - Immediate reconstruction in ablative head and neck surgery. AB - Effective reconstructive techniques are available for immediate, primary repair of surgical defects caused by extensive ablation for malignant conditions of the head and neck. Primary repairs rely heavily on the principle of 'axial-based' skin flaps which can be transposed into the defects without delay. Three cases are presented to illustrate the method. PMID- 1103329 TI - Antibiotic resistnace and R factors in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sewage were examined for their resistance spectra and for the presence of R factors. Infectious drug resistance was demonstrated in 104 (80%) of the 130 strains tested. Resistance to chloramphenicol, kanamycin or tetracycline was usually R factor-determined. Resistance to gentamicin was not encountered in this species. PMID- 1103330 TI - A comparison of three benzodiazepine hypnotics as oral pre-anaesthetic medication. AB - A comparative trial of nitrazepam, and triazolam (U-33,030) as pre-anaesthetic medicaments in patients allegedly not subject to insomnia, was undertaken the night before operation. The inclusion of placebo controls confirmed earlier findings that the majority of these patients suffer from transient insomnia. Nitrazepam and flurazepam are hypnotics, and in this study, triazolam also proved to be an hypnotic remarkably free of adverse effects. PMID- 1103331 TI - History of mental health services in South Africa. Part X. Institutions for defectives. AB - The first Government institution for mental defectives was opened at Maitland in the Cape, in 1921, and was named the Alexandra Institution. A second, Witrand, was opened at Potchefstroom in 1923. A third was opened at Howick in Natal, in 1949, and was called the Umgeni Waterfalls Institution. A fourth, at Westlake in the Cape, was opened in 1962 and houses Coloured patients. Over 1 000 defectives are cared for in private institutions. PMID- 1103332 TI - In memoriam: Guy Abercrombie Elliott. PMID- 1103333 TI - Melphalan versus adriamycin in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the ovary. AB - The therapeutic effects of adriamycin and of melphalan in patients with advanced carcinoma of the ovary were tested in a prospective randomized study. Complete and partial remission occurred in eight of 19 patients treated with adriamycin and in four of 20 patients given melphalan. The difference, however, is not statistically significant. The median duration of complete and partial remissions was slightly longer after treatment with melphalan than with adriamycin. The number of cycles required to produce the initial regression state was less in the patients in the group given adriamycin as compared with those in the group treated with melphalan. No cross resistance was observed between the two drugs. These data indicate that, in patients with carcinoma of the ovary, the therapeutic efficacy of adriamycin is competitive with that of the most effective conventional agents, such as melphalan. PMID- 1103334 TI - Retention suture technique using buttons. AB - The use of buttons for retention sutures is advocated as practical, inexpensive, universally available and well tolerated bolsters over which heavy nonabsorbable sutures may be secured. We have not found any disadvantages to the described techniques in the past 12 years. PMID- 1103335 TI - Of mice and men, of triumph and tragedy, of murine models of malignant disease. PMID- 1103336 TI - Howard Christian Naffziger. 1884-1961. PMID- 1103337 TI - Hypothalamic dysfunction and intracranial arterial spasms. AB - Evidence is presented that suggests that dysfunction of the hypothalamus is an important step in the development of the intracranial arterial spasm that accompanies subarachnoid hemorrhage and craniocerebral trauma. Speculation is offered as to the possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved. PMID- 1103338 TI - Effects of methylprednisolone, glucagon, and allopurinol in the protection of pancreaticoduodenal allografts perfused for twenty-four hours. AB - To establish a model for 24 hours of hypothermic pulsatile perfusion preservation, methylprednisolone, glucagon, and allopurinol were added to the perfusate of five groups of canine pancreaticoduodenal segments. Results after transplantation showed that neither allopurinol nor glucagon, when used alone, had any beneficial effect on the segments. The segments perfused with the additive combination of methylprednisolone and glucagon had the best results after transplant. PMID- 1103339 TI - Letter: Adjustable razor dermatome. PMID- 1103340 TI - [Primary reticulosarcoma of the spleen]. PMID- 1103341 TI - [Behavior of the transplanted human bone marrow cells]. PMID- 1103342 TI - [Viral hemorrhagic fever in man]. PMID- 1103343 TI - [On the 80th birthday of Fedor Kuz'mich Men'shikov]. PMID- 1103344 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of botulism]. PMID- 1103346 TI - Environment and health. PMID- 1103345 TI - [Influence of concomitant processes on the course and treatment of dysentery]. PMID- 1103347 TI - Contemporary work-related environmental diseases. AB - This paper is a general review of occupational diseases with particular emphasis on contemporary work-related diseases. Reasons for the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of industrial disease are given. The basic principles of occupational health are reviewed. The particular occupational diseases discussed in detail are the clinical pneumoconioses, and the contemporary diseases: angiosarcoma from exposure to vinyl chloride and respiratory carcinoma from bichloromethyl ether exposure. Numerous other environmental hazards are mentioned. The role of the Occupational Safety and thealth Administration (OSHA) is discussed, as is the role of the physician from the point of view of taking an appropriate medical history from an occupational vantage and medical diagnosis of occupational disease. Attitudinal aspects are emphasized. PMID- 1103348 TI - Ergonomics of heat and cold. AB - The biophysical, physiological and some of the psychological aspects of work under unfavorable man-made ambient conditions are presented in light of the need to prevent excessive strain. Work is treated in two ways: 1) in terms of the muscles O2 demand as a fraction of maximal aerobic capacity; and 2) in terms of metabolic heat source. Since maximal aerobic capacity depends on factors such as physical fitness, age and sex, these factors require consideration in estimating strain due to work. The absolute metabolic heat (M) produced during work is needed in the consideration of the total heat balance. Radiation (r), convection (C), and, under some circumstances, evaporation (Eev) are the main avenues of heat exchange between man and his immediate environment. Eev is primarily a function of the ambient potential for evaporation (Emax). Since the relation of the sum M+R+C to Emax determines heat balance when man in under a heat load, evaluation of the avenues of heat exchange, the sources of heat load, and the stressing effect of all these on the physiological responses are treated in some detail. Psychrometrically defined limits of exposure are also discussed. Subjective sensation and mental performance are discussed in light of their correlation with physiological responses to heat. Cold is treated mainly from the point of view of safety and protective clothing. PMID- 1103349 TI - Marine biotoxins. PMID- 1103350 TI - A review of the evidence in retrospect for a rickettsial etiology in Bullis fever. AB - The authors have presented evidence through work done 25-30 years ago for the rickettsial etiology of Bullis fever, a forgotten epidemic which occurred with over a 1,000 cases among World War II troops in training at Camp Bullis, Texas. Rickettsiae were recovered from blood and lymph nodes of patients and from ticks, Amblyomma americanum, collected in the area. All patients gave a history of tick bites. The human and tick strains of rickettsiae, carried in chick embryo culture and in animal passage, were found to produce the characteristic syndrome of Bullis fever in human volunteers inoculated with either strain, indicating identity and specificity of infection. Wildlife in the area was found to support the stages in the life cycle of A. americanum. Deer were implicated as supporting the most abundant adult tick population, the stage which attacks man. Serologic studies eliminated othe rickettsial diseases, Colorado tick fever, dengue and many other diseases. The name Rickettsia texiana is suggested for the hitherto un named member of the rickettsia group of organisms. PMID- 1103351 TI - Saints, medicine and art in the Middle Ages. PMID- 1103352 TI - [Biological future of the man. Importance and possibilities of eugenics]. PMID- 1103353 TI - [Results in the treatment of diabetes with glucophage retard]. PMID- 1103354 TI - [40-years of industrial medicine, how I lived it through. Reptrospection and outlook]. PMID- 1103355 TI - Comparative data on the analgesic effect of Lexir. PMID- 1103356 TI - Extracorporeal model for study of factors affecting thrombus formation. AB - Factors determining thrombus formation on a foreign surface were studied with the use of plastic flow chambers introduced into extracorporeal shunts. Silicone rubber shunts, joining the carotid artery and jugular vein, were implanted in dogs and remained patent for several weeks. The flow chamber geometry consisted of a 4.8 mm diameter straight tube having a 3.2 X 3.2 mm circumferential cavity in the wall. Chambers were introduced sequentially into the shunts for exposure times of 10 to 30 minutes and regulated blood flow rates of 100 to 400 ml/min. The dry weight of thrombus accumulated in the chamber (5 to 50 mg) was found to increase with exposure time up to 20 minutes and to decrease with increasing flow rate. Various components of the process of thrombus formation were altered by the administration of acetylsalicylic acid, heparin and lysozyme, used alone and in pairs. Heparin was found to be the most effective antithrombotic agent, dry weights of accumulated thrombus being on the order of 50 percent lower when compared to control values. The efficacy of heparin was found to be unaffected by the presence of aspirin and lysozyme, which themselves were not effective antithrombotic agents under the conditions of these experiments. The technique described here may provide a useful animal model for studying the influence of blood flow and different biomaterials on thrombus formation. PMID- 1103357 TI - Plasma fibrinolytic activity following oral anabolic steroid therapy. AB - Six anabolic steroids were assessed for their ability to enhance plasma fibrinolytic activity in males with ischaemic heart disease. Five 17alpha alkylated steroids (Ethyloestrenol, Norethandrolone, Methandienone, Methylandrostenediol and Oxymetholone) were examined and all produced a significant increase in plasma plasminogen activator as measured by the euglobulin lysis time. The only non-17alpha-alkylated steroid studied (Methenolone acetate) failed to enhance fibrinolysis. The 17alpha-alkylated steroids studied all deserve more detailed evaluation of their long term effects on plasma fibrinolytic activity. PMID- 1103358 TI - Proceedings: A new fibrinolytic enzyme: the prolixase. Physicochemical and biological properties. PMID- 1103359 TI - Proceedings: Modification of the hyperacute reaction in the rat by sulphinpyrazone. PMID- 1103360 TI - Calcium ionophore A23187 (Eli Lilly): effect on platelet function, structure and metabolism. AB - The addition of 0.1 muM ionophore A23187 to washed platelets incubated in citrated saline caused massive release of stored serotonin accompanied by intracellular accumulation of inosine monophosphate, but produced no detectable influx of externally added calcium or abnormal structural alterations. With increasing ionophore concentration there was a significant influx of calcium and a drastic alteration in the platelet ultrastructure. The increase in ionophore concentration was accompanied by the conversion of the major part of metabolic adenine nucleotides to inosine monophosphate and an almost complete blockage of further conversion to inosine and hypoxanthine. The metabolic changes were accentuated by the addition of calcium at concentrations less than 1/10 of the citrate concentration. In the presence of Ca++, or when citrate was omitted, there was a substantial leakage of cytoplasmic material, which at times suggested complete exchangeability between cytoplasm and extracellular medium. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the platelet release reaction is triggered by intracellularly bound calcium. They also suggest that the application of high ionophore concentration has a toxicologic rather than a physiologic effect on platelets, and that a weak chelator added during incubation with the ionophore can in the absence of divalent cations prevent cell destruction, but not the toxic effect on cell metabolism. PMID- 1103361 TI - [Arterial thrombosis in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1103362 TI - [Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine 1975]. PMID- 1103363 TI - Kidney transplantation and donor age. AB - The cumulative graft survival after 355 cadaver kidney transplantations was analyzed with special reference to the age of the donors. A significant decrease in cumulative graft survival with increasing donor age was found. PMID- 1103364 TI - Structure and reactivity of cyclopropenones and triafulvenes. PMID- 1103365 TI - The higher annulenones. PMID- 1103366 TI - Effect of phentolamine and preperfusion with glucose on insulin release from the isolated perfused pancreas from fasted and fed rats. AB - Starvation of rats for 24 hrs resulted in decreased insulin release from the isolated rat pancreas. The effect of fasting could not be counteracted by elevation of the glucose level in the equilibration medium from 0.8 to 1.5 mg/ml. The alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine (10 mug/ml) stimulated glucose induced insulin release to approximately the same extent in fasted as in fed rats. These findings illustrate the importance of endogenous catecholamines in the regulation of insulin secretion from the isolated pancreas. Our experiments suggest that the impairment of insulin secretion on fasting is due neither to the inhibitory effect of catecholamines nor to the lack of substrate in the pancreas at the initiation of the stimulation. PMID- 1103367 TI - Function of the pancreatic B-cell during the development of hyperglycaemia in mice homozygous for the mutations "diabetes" (db) and "misty" (m). AB - The function of the pancreatic B-cell was studied in relation to the development of the diabetic syndrome in a new variety of the diabetic mutant mouse, which was produced at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, U.S.A. by outcrossing of a c57bl/ksJ-db stock with C57BL/6J mice. The expression of the db-gene in the resulting strain was evaluated by measurements of the body weights and the concentrations of serum glucose and serum insulin at different ages of the animals. In the diabetic mice the body weights increased rapidly between 5 and 25 weeks of age to a weight twice that of the lean controls. During the same time hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia occurred, the maximal serum glucose and insulin values being observed between 17 and 25 weeks of age. Later on the serum glucose and serum insulin concentrations gradually decreased. Islets were isolated with collagenase from animals 5, 10 or 20 weeks old, and studied with respect to insulin content, glucose oxidation and the secretion and synthesis of insulin. The results were compared with data from control experiments with islets isolated from non-diabetic littermates. No major differences were found between islets from diabetic and control mice with regard to the glucose oxidation rate, whereas an exaggerated insulin response to glucose was observed in islets from 5 weeks old diabetic mice. In the 20 weeks old diabetic animals there was a significantly decreased islet insulin content and a considerably lowered insulin biosynthesis. PMID- 1103368 TI - Diabetogenic effect and inhibition of insulin secretion induced in normal rats by ammonium infusions. AB - In order to explain the abnormalities of glucose metabolism previously observed in patients with blood ammonia elevation, the effect of a transitory hyperammonemia on I.V. glucose tolerance was investigated in rats. An I.V. glucose tolerance test was performed in 3 groups of 15 rats 60 min after the beginning of a 95 min infusion of either a 2 ml isotonic NaCl solution (control group) or ammonium acetate solutions at low (0.50 mumol/kg/min. NH4+) or high doses (1.70 mumol/kg/min NH4+). The "high" NH4+ infusion produced an increase of blood ammonia to levels near 1000 mug/100 ml, a significant decrease in the K coefficient for glucose disappearance (2.53 X 10(-2) +/- 0.20 compared to 4.92 X 10(-2) +/- 0.13 in control group) and a suppression of the radioimmunological plasma insulin (I.R.I.) response to glucose. With the "low" NH4+ infusion the hyperammonemia was less pronounced (200-300) mug/100 ml), but the decrease in K(3.02 X 10(-2) +/- 0.15) and in the first phase of I.R.I. release remained significant. The decrease in glucose disappearance rate could be accounted for by the proportional decrease in insulin secretion. Thus glucose intolerance induced by ammonium acetate infusions may be due to a direct effect of NH4 + on the pancreas. These abnormalities in glucose metabolism depend on the quantity of infused ammonium. PMID- 1103369 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide: effect on glucose-induced insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets in vitro. AB - Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP; 1 or 10 mug/ml) potentiated glucose-induced (8 or 16.6 mM) insulin (IRI) release from isolated rat pancreatic islets. Basal release was unaffected. The threshold concentration of glucose necessary for GIP to modulate IRI release was between 6 and 8 mM. GIP had no effect on IRI release from islets submitted to a maximal glucose stimulus (25 mM). PMID- 1103370 TI - Food colours--harmless aesthetics or epicurean luxuries? PMID- 1103371 TI - Use of hot formaldehyde fixative in processing plant-parasitic nematodes for electron microscopy. AB - A preparative technique is formulated for processing plant-parasitic nematodes of the order Tylenchida for electron microscopy. A population of Dolichodorus heterocephalus is used as test objects. One and a half grams of paraformaldehyde are dissolved in 25 ml of water at 60 C. Five drops of 1 N sodium hydroxide are added to clear the solution, which is then cooled to room temperature. Two and a half milliliters of 25% glutaraldehyde are added with 23 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3, and 0.2 M with respect to sucrose. The final solution contains 3% formaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde and is pH 7.2. It is heated to 70 C, poured over specimens, and allowed to cool to 4 C in 2 hr. The nematodes are then incised in a fixative containing 2% glutaraldehyde and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide at 4 C for 16-24 hr. Five milliliters of 25% glutaraldehyde and 2.5 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide are combined in 17.5 ml of water. Twenty-five milliliters of phosphate buffer (supplemented as above) are added. The final pH is 7.2. The glutaraldehyde, aided by dimethyl sulfoxide, uniformly and permanently fixes the nematode tissues. The specimens are embedded in agar. Following a 30-min buffer wash (4 C) they are postfixed in buffered 2% osmium tetroxide for 2 hr at room temperature, washed, and dehydrated through an ethanol series and two acetone baths. Dehydration includes a 2-hr stop in 75% ethanol containing 2% uranyl acetate. After embedding in Spurr's epoxy resin, specimens are sectioned and poststained in 0.5% aqueous acetate for 6 min and saturated aqueous lead citrate 3--4 min. This technique reduces killing time to less than 2 sec, straightens specimens for easier orientation, and eliminates the typically high internal pressure of nematodes which causes displacement of internal structures observed with other fixation techniques. PMID- 1103372 TI - A blaze-dry spreading procedure for the electron microscopy of chromosomes from acid alcohol-fixed human lymphocytes. AB - A procedure is described for the blaze-drying of human lymphocyte chromosomes on carbonized Parlodion film. Films are prepared by applying Parlodion solution to sheets of freshly cleaved mica. Damage to the film during blaze-drying is prevented by chilling the mica sheets on dry ice before flaming. After spreading, the film and metaphases are floated free from the mica and transferred to a slide of Formav-coated electron microscope grids. The resulting preparations yield complete metaphase spreads and banded chromosomes morphologically similar to those observed with the light microscope. PMID- 1103374 TI - A new method for serially mounting resin sections (Spurr) for light microscopy. PMID- 1103373 TI - Modified thiocarbohydrazide procedure for scanning electron microscopy: routine use for normal, pathological, or experimental tissues. AB - A modified thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) technique to cross-link osmium layers has resulted in a reliable method for preparing a wide variety of soft biological tissues for scanning electron microscopy without the use of evaported metal. The technique works equally well on tissues with smooth surfaces and those with abrupt changes in contour or cut surfaces, as in biopsy or autopsied material or pathologically altered tissues, and thus has wide applicability. Small surface structures and junctional areas between cells are distinct. In addition, thin cells such as alveolar endothelium in the lung exhibit a transparent property, allowing the visualization of cells within the capillary lumen while retaining adequate contrast for study of the capillary wall itself. Absence of an evaporated metal coat makes the removal of tissue from the scanning electron microscope specimen easy for embedding and examination of the same material with the transmission electron microscope. PMID- 1103375 TI - Ultramicrotome specimen chuck modification for improved viewing in block trimming. PMID- 1103376 TI - The treatment of corneal perforations. PMID- 1103377 TI - Symposium: Glaucoma surgery. All imaginable types. I. History of early surgical treatment. PMID- 1103378 TI - Glaucoma: 1874-1974. PMID- 1103379 TI - Podiatric medicine: history and education. PMID- 1103380 TI - Subpopulations of T-lymphocytes. Physical separation, functional specialisation and differentiation pathways of sub-sets of thymocytes and thymus-dependent peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 1103381 TI - B-lymphocyte subpopulations in the mouse. Organ distribution and ontogeny of immunoglobulin-synthesizing and of mitogen-sensitive cells. AB - The first fetal cells synthesizing Ig can be demonstrated at day 10 of gesta tion, well before cells with detectable surface-bound Ig have been found. These early Ig-synthesizing cells are exclusively large cells. The first small cells synthesizing Ig appear at day 15-16 of gestation, a time when cells. with detectable surface-bound Ig have been found in fetal liver. Ig synthesis of liver cells declines 2 days after birth, presumably reflecting a change in cellular composition of the liver, whereas spleen cells, on a per cell basis, synthesize Ig at a constant rate from birth to adult life. At the time that the first small Ig-synthesizing cells are detected and surface-bound Ig has been found on fetal liver cells, such small fetal liver cells can be stimulated by LPS in serum containing media to generate 19S IgM secreting PFC. Three to four days after birth, cells develop in the small fraction of spleen which can be stimulated in serum-free media by either LPS or PPD to PFC development. Thus we can distinguish three types of B-lymphocytes as they appear sequentially during ontogeny: I. Large, Ig-producing cells, not susceptible to polyclonal activation to PFC development by either LPS or PPD. II. Small, Ig-producing cells, susceptible to LPS-stimulation in serum-containing media; and III. Small, Ig-producing cells, susceptible to LPC- and PPD-stimulation in serum-free media. PMID- 1103382 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the thymus. AB - The thymus of mice and chickens contains at least four discrete populations of lymphoid cells: Two distinct cortical populations of small lymphocytes (early and late population), a hydrocortisone resistant and presumably medullary population of small lymphocytes, and a population of medium sized lymphocytes (prolymphocytes) (see Table I and Figure 3). These four cell types were identified with preparative cell separation techniques (e.g. cell electrophoresis, BSA-density gradient centrifugation, and velocity sedimentation) in combination with size distribution analysis. The combination of these techniques provides two-dimensional distribution patterns ('fingerprints') with high power of resolution. At present the two cortical populations of small lymphocytes cannot be identified as distinct populations by any other method. The physical parameters also provide useful markers for the identification and comparison of cellular subpopulations in animals of different ages, different strains, and to a certain degree even of different species. It is believed that each of these subpopulations is in itself heterogeneous in respect to antigen specificity, and it is proposed to call lymphocytes with different antigen specificity but identical physical characteristics 'isotypic lymphocytes'. The medium and large thymocytes serve as progenitors of the small thymic lymphocytes, as shown by different investigators. Small and larger lymphocytes are thus believed to represent different stages on developmental pathways (vertical heterogeneity). The different populations of small thymocytes, on the other hand, are believed to represent different independent pathways (horizontal heterogeneity). There is clearly the possibility that functionally distinct sublines of peripheral T-cells are generated by separate developmental pathways in the thymus, and the functional properties of single thymic cell types (e.g. of the thymic suppressor cells) may accordingly correspond to the functional properties of their peripheral progeny. PMID- 1103383 TI - Separation and functional analysis of subpopulations of lymphocytes bearing complement and Fc receptors. AB - A highly versatile procedure is described in this review which can be used to separate and obtain in pure form subpopulations of lymphoid cells which express different cell surface structures. The method is based on the observation that when rosetting and non-rosetting leukocytes are centrifuged on a cushion of Isopaque/Ficoll, the rosetting leukocytes and red cells sink whereas the non rosetting leukocytes float. Thus, any subpopulation of leukocytes can be separated providing they can be identified by rosetting. The earlier sections of this review describe the method, its efficiency of separation and its advantages compared with other fractionation procedures. Subsequent sections describe experiments in which the procedure was specifically applied to separating Fc receptor (Fc+) and complement receptor (CR+) lymphocytes. On the basis of these two receptors it was possible to subdivide T and B lymphocytes into distinct subpopulations. Four subclasses of B lymphocytes were identified in mouse spleen (Fc+CR+,Fc+CR-,Fc-CR+ and Fc-CR-) and two subclasses of T cells were also detected (Fc+ and Fc-). The functional relevance of these subpopulations of lymphocytes was examined. It was found that in all cases examined, antigens could successfully activate CR+ B cells to produce antibody. However, only polymeric antigens, whether T-dependent or T-independent, were capable of triggering CR- B cells to synthesize antibody. Furthermore, preliminary experiments suggest that Fc receptors are present on functional B cells and helper T cells but are not expressed on cytotoxic T cells. On the basis of these results it is proposed that complement receptors on B lymphocytes provide an additional binding site which stabilizes the union between the antigen-specific receptors and soluble antigen. In contrast, due to their multi-determinant nature, polymeric antigens can avidly bind to B cells without involvement of the complement receptors. The possibility of Fc receptors playing a similar role in stabilizing the interaction of antigen with specific receptors on lymphocytes, particularly on T helper cells, is also discussed. PMID- 1103384 TI - Mechanism of allotype suppression in the rabbit. PMID- 1103385 TI - Studies on allotype suppression and its abrogation in cultured rabbit spleen cells. PMID- 1103386 TI - Regulation of immunoglobulin and antibody production by allotype suppressor T cells in mice. PMID- 1103387 TI - Allotype suppression in rabbits: effects of anti-allotype antisera upon expression of immunoglobulin genes. PMID- 1103388 TI - Millipede burns in man. AB - A review is made of the clinical features and treatment of the lesions caused by the secretions of millipedes. The toxicology of these secretions is discussed. The geographical distribution is reviewed. The species identified as inflicting injury to man are enumerated. Lesions of soft parts of the skin can be moderately severe. Eye injuries may be serious and must receive effective treatment rapidly to prevent residual damage. PMID- 1103389 TI - [Course of Trypanosoma musculi infections in Plasmodium berghi-infected mice (author's transl)]. AB - Trypanosoma musculi brought into Plasmodium berghei-infected mice in the later stages of the malaria infection shows rapid, approximately logarithmic multiplication in the peripheral blood. The trypanosome number increases by a factor of 2-9 per day, multiplication of the parasites kills most mice in a few days. Many multiplicative forms of the trypanosomes and a few trypanosomes without nuclei are seen in blood smears. Histologically and in touch preparations, masses of multiplicative forms of the trypanosomes are seen in the sinusoids of the liver. Aggregates of trypanosomes are found, too, in the kidney medulla and, inconstantly, in venous sinuses of the spleen and postcapillary venules of lymph nodes. Occasionally, trypanosomes may be found extravascularly in the interstitial connective tissue especially of the pancreas, in lymph vessels and lymph node sinuses. - Mice infected in earlier stages of the Plasmodium berghei infection achieve stabilization of trypanosome numbers. PMID- 1103390 TI - [Altered reproductive behaviour of Trypanosoma musculi after several years of passage in mice (author's transl)]. AB - The modified strain multiplied less in pregnant and in Plasmodium berghei infected mice, more in heavily infected normal mice, and more or less in weakly infected normal mice. The discordant behaviour in weakly infected mice was due to the occurrence in some animals of a second phase of more rapid increase of the parasitemia. This behaviour could be seen occasionally in the original strain, too. In inbred mice (BALB/cHan) the length of parasitemia clearly depended on inoculum size and height of the developing parasitemia. PMID- 1103391 TI - [On the migration of the third stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti in Anopheles gambiae (author's tranls)]. AB - The migratory pattern of the third stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti from the thorax into the head of Anopheles gambiae has been studied. A total of 1269 infected mosquitoes were dissected and examined from the 7th through the 19th day after the blood meal. The filarial worms migrated from the thorax through the abdomen before they reached the head of the mosquito. Third stage larvae first appeared in the abdomen on the 9th day after infection, where their number increased progressively up to the 13th day and then decreased steadily thereafter. In contrast, mature larvae were first found in the head on the 11th day, and a concentration of larvae could be observed in this region only from the 14th day onwards. PMID- 1103392 TI - [Cell determination and differentiation]. PMID- 1103393 TI - [Acinar epithelium as a source for the formation of the human pancreatic islets in embryogeny]. AB - By electron microscopy in the islets of Largenhans and acini of the pancreas of the human fetuses 4-7 months old acinar-islet (transitional) cells were revealed. The cytoplasm of some transitional elements contained zymogen and endocrine A granules, while in others zymogen and endocrine B-granules were found. Acinar islet cells differed by the structure of organelles and by the quantity of endocrine granules, which can be regarded as transformation of acinar cells into endocrine cells. A conclusion was drawn that during human pancreas embryogenesis the acinar epithelium is one of the sources of islet tissue formation. PMID- 1103394 TI - [Comparison of the parts in relation to some problems of the statistical processing and planning of cytological experiments]. AB - A possibility is studied of using phi-transformation for comparison of portions in homogenous totalities with intra-group variability. The phi value distribution is approximated satisfactorily by normal distribution, beginning from a certain amount of observation (n) depending on P, P being a portion of cells (individuals) with the character under study. On this basis, a method of statistical treatment and experiment planning is proposed. PMID- 1103395 TI - [Studies in the automation of human chromosomal analysis. II. The development and testing of a system for the semiautomatic measurement of chromosomes]. AB - The elaboration and testing the "PAUK" system intended for human chromosome measurement is described. The system is based on the semi-automatic measurement projector and computer "Minsk-22". Chromosomes of 83 cells were measured. The system allows to make measurements of chromosomes in the large scale with high precision. The measurement installation can be used for measuring any macro- and micro-objects on photographic film and photographic plate. PMID- 1103396 TI - Proceedings: Transmission of tubercle bacilli: with particular reference to Mycobacterium bovis. PMID- 1103397 TI - Proceedings: Short course chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis: a controlled trial by the British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Association. (A report from one of the three clinical co-ordinators). PMID- 1103398 TI - Proceedings: Inhaled corticosteroids compared with oral prednisone in asthmatic patients commencing regular corticosteroids. PMID- 1103399 TI - Proceedings: Comparison of two bronchodilators--salmefamol and salbutamol. PMID- 1103400 TI - Controlled trial of 6- and 9-month regimens of daily and intermittent streptomycin plus isoniazid plus pyrazinamide for pulmonary tuberculosis in Hong Kong. AB - A comparison has been made between 6- and 9-month regimens of streptomycin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide given daily, 3 times a week or twice a week from the start of chemotherapy, in the treatment of newly-diagnosed, smear-positive, pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese patients. At 6 months the twice-weekly regimen was marginally inferior in that 5 (4 per cent) of 126 patients with drug sensitive strains pretreatment had an unfavourable bacteriological status compared with only 2 (1 per cent) of 141 on the 3 times weekly and none of 137 of the daily regimen. Of a total of 211 patients treated for 9 months, only 1 of 74 on the twice-weekly regimen relapsed bacteriologically between 6 and 9 months. The bacteriological relapse rates in the first 6 months of follow-up after 6 months' chemotherapy were 13 per cent on the daily, 16 per cent on the 3 times weekly, and 18 per cent on the twice-weekly regimen, and after 9 months' chemotherapy they were 3 per cent, 4 per cent and 4 per cent respectively. All 33 relapses were with strains sensitive to isoniazid and streptomycin, and 76 per cent of them occurred in the first 3 months after the end of chemotherapy. Although patients with drug-resistant strains pretreatment fared less well, about two-thirds had a favourable bacteriological status at 6 months, and all 3 regimens given for 9 months had low relapse rates. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 1103401 TI - [Insulin Monotard and Insulin Lente. Comparison of absorption and clinical effects]. PMID- 1103402 TI - [Cerebral reticulum cell sarcoma-microglioma]. PMID- 1103403 TI - [Glucagon syndrome]. PMID- 1103404 TI - [Letter: The painter and graphic artist Edvard Munch--a pathographic outline]. PMID- 1103405 TI - Magnesium deficit after renal transplantation with secondary posttransplantation hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia. AB - Hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia after renal transplantation in an 18-year-old patient is described. Serum magnesium decreased in consequence of increased renal transplant function with high urinary magnesium excretion. At the time of serum magnesium depletion, pretransplantation hypocalcemia persisted and severe hypophosphatemia developed. Magnesium oxide treatment was followed by the increment not only in serum magnesium but also in serum calcium and phosphate to normal level. Causal relationship between magnesium deficit and impaired renal transplant tubular reabsorption of magnesium and between magnesium deficit and serum calcium and phosphate depletion in the patient is suggested. PMID- 1103406 TI - Vesicoureteral reflux in patients in end-stage chronic renal failure. AB - Vesicoureteral reflux was observed in 19 of 180 patients (10.5%) with end-stage chronic renal failure. The underlying disease in the patients with reflux was chronic glomerulonephritis in 8.3%, chronic pyelonephritis in 28.5% and renal hypoplasia in 40%. Reflux was bilateral in 13 patients and unilateral in six. Most likely bladder dysfunction due to uremia may have been the cause of the reflux. PMID- 1103407 TI - [Significance of LDH determination in renal perfusions as criterion of vitality in kidney transplantations (author's transl)]. AB - The activity of LDH in perfusate on human kidney and in experiments on dog kidney was investigated during the preservation by the Gambro perfusion apparatus. The enzyme activity of perfusate was characterized by a quotient of volume activity in relation to the perfusion flow rate. With this method we are able to distinguish the values of damaged and normal kidneys. A correlation was established between this quotient and the function resumption day in human kidney transplantation. PMID- 1103408 TI - New methods in detecting urinary tract infections. PMID- 1103409 TI - Therapeutic guidelines in the management of urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis. PMID- 1103410 TI - Hospital acquired urinary infections and the indwelling catheter. PMID- 1103411 TI - Iatrogenic urinary infections. PMID- 1103412 TI - Urinary tract infections in pregnancy. PMID- 1103413 TI - Bacteremia arising from the urinary tract. PMID- 1103414 TI - Management of Urinary tract infections in children. PMID- 1103415 TI - Antibiotic nephrotoxicity. A review of pathogenesis and prevention. PMID- 1103416 TI - Angiographic evaluation of machine perfused kidneys. AB - An intact and patent renal vascular system is a prerequisite for even and complete perfusion during machine preservation and the reestablishment of renal blood flow after transplantation. Most of the so called "viability tests" for machine perfused kidneys refer to the cellular viability, not taking into account possible lesions of the vascular system. Angiography during machine preservation is a simple, safe and reliable means of examining alterations of the renal vascular system and detecting occult vascular pathology. The degree and reversibility of vasoconstriction can easily be demonstrated, as well as normal and pathologic perfusion patterns. Angiographic examination during preservation may be useful in addition to the tests of cellular viability in order to evaluate borderline kidneys prior to transplantation. PMID- 1103417 TI - Replacement of urinary bladder wall in the cat by autologous x-ray treated full thickness skin graft. AB - A partial urinary bladder resection was performed in 25 female cats. The defect was replaced with an X-ray treated autologous full thickness skin graft. This graft was shown to be an appropriate foundation for the rapid regeneration of transitional cell epithelium which was proven to be present after 4 weeks. Smooth muscle fibres were present in all cases after 12 weeks. Postoperatively, bladder capacity was adequate without evidence of incrustation or ossification. No changes were seen in the upper urinary tract. Compared to other types of autologous bladder wall replacement this method is simple and warrants clinical investigation. PMID- 1103418 TI - Free autogenous grafts into the penile cavernous tissue. An experimental study in dogs. AB - The behaviour of free autogenous fat, dermofat, and dermo grafts in the penile cavernous tissue was studied experimentally in dogs. Dermo-fat grafts were those most easily maipulated during surgery and allowed perfect haemostasis. All the grafts were gradually replaced by fibrous tissue causing subsequent scarring and contraction. This reaction was least noticeable with dermis grafts. Cavernous transformation of the adipose tissue was not observed. For the surgical correction of Peyronie's disease the use of a dermo-fat graft is suggested. The grafts should be slightly larger than necessary to allow for the subsequent fibrosis, and the layer of fat should be kept very thin. PMID- 1103419 TI - Factors that influence surgical wound infections. Role of prophylactic antibiotic therapy. AB - A comprehensive review of the factors responsible for postoperative wound sepsis is discussed, along with the experimental basis for the use of prophylatic antibiotics and a review of the results of the use of systemic and topical antibiotics on the incidence of surgical wound infections. Based on the data presented, suggestions are made which should minimize the development of postoperative wound infections. PMID- 1103420 TI - Evaluation of Sacks solution for hypothermic preservation of kidneys. AB - The efficacy of Sacks solution for hypothermic preservation of dog kidneys was determined. Complete ischemia was produced in one kidney for thirty minutes by clamping the renal pedicle in situ, followed by excision and immediate washout with the cold preservation fluid. Kidneys were stored in Sacks solution at 2 degree C. for forty-eight hours, reimplanted in the donor, and the normal, contralateral kidney was removed. Complete reversal of renal impairment with long term survival was observed in 2 of 9 animals. Of 7 animals with graft failure, 2 showed the beginning of a tendency to reverse a rising serum creatinine at the time of death or sacrifice. In the remaining 5, creatinine rose unrelentingly until death or sacrifice occurred. The observed 22 per cent survival rate was significantly (p less than 0.05) less than the 83 per cent survival reported by Sacks, Petritsch, and Kaufman. Evidence suggestive of intrarenal deposits of MgHPO4-3H2O was found in 2 of 4 dogs sacrificed for graft failure. This raises questions of the solution's safety as well as its efficacy. We are unable to confirm the success of the original investigators with this new preservation solution. PMID- 1103421 TI - Study of local and systemic effects of intravesical BCG. AB - Defects in cell-mediated immunity have been implicated as one of the underlying causes for the appearance and progression of neoplasms. One approach toward correcting these defects employs immune potentiators for the purpose of stimulating cell-mediated immunity. BCG is the immune potentiator which has been used most frequently in the experimental and clinical situation. A preliminary study directed toward ascertaining the local histologic changes and systemic serum response to BCG injection in the dog bladder was undertaken in anticipation of its possible application in the treatment of bladder neoplasm. Local response was predictable and was associated with low morbidity. The appearance of serum precipitin bands to culture filtrates of Mycobacteria tuberculosis strains strongly suggests systemic absorption and reaction to BCG administered intravesically. PMID- 1103422 TI - Retrieval of indwelling ureteral stent utilizing Fogarty catheter. AB - The efficacy of silicone rubber ureteral stents for long-term urinary diversion has been demonstrated to be of value in certain cases. However, complications, including migration of the stent, do occur. A method for retrieval of the ureteral stent utilizing a Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter is described. PMID- 1103423 TI - Improper pathologic assessment of bladder tumor. Filtered water artifact. PMID- 1103424 TI - Surgical repair of congenital colobomas. AB - Congenital colobomas usually occur as full-thickness defects of the medial third of the upper lid and are commonly associated with a benign dermoid at the apex. Exposure keratopathy and corneal trauma are rare; however, it can be prevented with the Expo Bandage--Bubble (Fig 18). Periodic examinations should also be performed. Surgical resonstruction should be performed at approximately 3 to 6 months of age and primary closure should be attempted initially. Lateral cantholysis, lid-sharing surgery, and external levator resection may be required to correct the residual deformity. PMID- 1103425 TI - Strabismus reoperation techniques. PMID- 1103426 TI - [Correction of partial defects of the pinna]. PMID- 1103427 TI - [Contribution of the L.I. Sverzhevskii's school to the tonsillar problem]. PMID- 1103428 TI - [Method of plastic surgery in atresia of the external auditory canal]. PMID- 1103429 TI - [Variant of plastic surgery of the ear canal in its atresia]. PMID- 1103430 TI - [Vladimir Nikolaevich Samov-- scientist, surgeon and public figure]. PMID- 1103431 TI - [Stepan Petrovich Vilesov (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1103432 TI - Vladimir Sergeevich Semenov (on his 70th birthday). PMID- 1103433 TI - [Ways of mortality reduction after operations on the extrahepatic bile ducts]. AB - Based on the analysis of the immediate results of 231 operations on extrahepatic bile ducts, 174 primary interventions and 57 reoperations, it is concluded that the operation at the height of the attack of acute cholecystitis or in total obturation of bile passages yields considerable mortality (1/3 and 1/5 of observations, accordingly). The best results of surgery were obtained in attenuation of acute inflammatory phenomena in the gallbladder under conditions of liquidation of obturation of extrahepatic bile ducts (1/7 of observations). However, bile peritonitis and progression of destructive acute cholecystitis would necessitate an urgent operation. According to the authors' data well grounded indications to surgery, a selection of optimum terms and extent of its accomplishment could contribute to favourable immediate results of surgical therapy for diseases of extrahepatic ducts. PMID- 1103434 TI - [Clinical problems of vascular surgery during transplantation of the kidney]. AB - In transplantation of 245 kidneys in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in the right (75% of all grafting procedures) and in the left iliac region several variants of vascular anastomoses were elaborated and employed. Technical details are described, and some valuable recommendations are given. PMID- 1103435 TI - [Bone homoplasty in treatment of chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. AB - The authors report their experience with 44 homoplasties in chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis in 42 patients on definite indications. Positive results were obtained in 28 operations. In 15 patients homografts were removed, but in 7 cases they showed an adequate functioning ultimately. In 3 observations there was a recurrence of the pathological process. Thirteen patients are still under treatment. It is believed that osteohomoplasty used on proper indications for chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis is a largely warranted and perspective measure. PMID- 1103436 TI - Clinical toxicities of cats. PMID- 1103437 TI - Clinical toxicities of domestic and wild caged birds. PMID- 1103438 TI - Fundamental procedures in collecting, preserving and mailing tissue specimens for histologic examinations. PMID- 1103439 TI - Clinical responses of dairy cows with ovarian cysts after treatment with 10,000 I.U. HCG or 100 mcg GnRH. PMID- 1103440 TI - [Work of a radiologist during World War II (personal recollections)]. PMID- 1103441 TI - Superinfection immunity and prophage repression in phage P1. II. Mapping of the immunity-difference and ampicillin-resistance loci of P1 and phi amp. PMID- 1103442 TI - A gene of bacteriophage T4 controlling the modification of host valy-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 1103443 TI - Effect of T4 modification of host valyl-tRNA synthetase on enzyme action in vivo. PMID- 1103444 TI - Degradation of matrix protein from a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of Trichoplusia ni by an endogenous protease. PMID- 1103445 TI - Intracellular visualization of precursor capsids in phage P22 mutant infected cells. PMID- 1103446 TI - Rapid high-resolution immune electron microscopy of plant viruses. PMID- 1103447 TI - [Comparison of the effects of some newer bronchodilator agents]. PMID- 1103448 TI - [The 70th birthday of Head Physician Karel Klobec, C.Sc]. PMID- 1103449 TI - [The 85th birthday of Academician Vilem Laufberger]. PMID- 1103450 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical manifestations and course of various diseases in wartime conditions (literature review)]. PMID- 1103451 TI - [Plastic surgery for burns of the front of the eyeball]. PMID- 1103452 TI - [Use of electrophysiological methods in ophthalmology (literature review)]. PMID- 1103453 TI - [Role of vegetables in the epidemiology of Far Eastern scarlatiniform fever]. PMID- 1103454 TI - [30th anniversary of the Polish People's Army Medical Supply Service]. PMID- 1103456 TI - [Prevention of epidemics among the troops on the 1st Belorussian Front]. PMID- 1103455 TI - [Health control over the feeding of troops on the Western and 3d Belorussian Fronts during the Great Patriotic War years]. PMID- 1103457 TI - [Medical care on the battlefields of Northern Caucasus]. PMID- 1103458 TI - [Surgical strength group--structural subdivision of the Partisan Union Medical Service during the period of the Great Patriotic War]. PMID- 1103459 TI - [Developmental trends in Soviet military neurology]. PMID- 1103460 TI - [Neuropsychic self-regulation by means of autogenic training]. PMID- 1103461 TI - [Assessment of the autoimmune process in chronic nonspecific lung diseases under sanatorium conditions]. PMID- 1103462 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of Escherichia 0124 infection in adults]. PMID- 1103463 TI - [Clinical aspects of pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 1103464 TI - [Reaction of the body to the long-term action of harmful occupational factors of low intensity (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 1103465 TI - [Soviet medics in the war with imperialist Japan]. PMID- 1103466 TI - [Use of electrophoresis of enzyme preparations in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the extremities]. PMID- 1103467 TI - [Use of phytohemagglutinins in oncology]. PMID- 1103469 TI - [Academician Nikolai Markovich Emanuel' (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 1103468 TI - [Theoretical principles of clinical tumor immunology]. PMID- 1103470 TI - [Socio-hygienic aspects of the study of rheumatism in USSR in the twenties and thirties (on the centenary of the birth of N. A. Semashko)]. PMID- 1103471 TI - [Genetic studies in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1103472 TI - [Current diagnostic concepts in acute pulmonary abscess]. PMID- 1103473 TI - [Significance of some coefficients resulting from dye photometry in the functional characterization of mitral defects]. AB - One hundred and eighty six patients with mitral defects were examined and subdivided into four groups according to the basic clinical and instrumental tests: 59 with pure, 46 with prevailing mitral stenosis, 37 with prevailing and 44 with pure mitral insufficiency. The patients, within the pointed group were subdivided into subgroups, depending on the character of the auricular rhythm, the presence of accompanying tricuspid insufficiency with hemodynamic significance and cardiac decompensation. The circilatory times, TA, TD and TC were calculated for all the patients and especially the coefficients (see article) from the dye dilution curves. The analysis covers only patients from the different groups without other defects and cardiac decompensation. Fluctuations of the minimal and maximal values of TA, K1, K2, and K3 are presented. Their average values are calculated as well as the square deviations. In sinus rhythm and compensated heart, the combination of the values for K1 over 1,80 and K2 over 1,50 in prevailing and for K1 over 1,90 and K2 over 1,60 in pure mitral insufficiency might be used as a criterion for differentiation of pure and prevailing mitral stenosis. The close values in pure and prevailing mitral stenosis, as well as in pure and prevailing mitral insufficiency do not present a possibility to be used in the differentiation of the groups with hemodynamic significance of stenosis and insufficiency. In arrhythmia absoluta, accompanying tricuspid insufficiency and cardiac decompensation, the coefficient K1 and K2 have no value in mitral defect characterization. The close average values of TA and K3 for all patient groups devaluate their importance as functional indices of mitral defects. PMID- 1103474 TI - Editorial: William S. Middleton, M.D., 1890-1975. PMID- 1103475 TI - The health of seafarers. 1. Historical background and present situation. PMID- 1103476 TI - Renal function during painful sickle cell crisis. PMID- 1103477 TI - Studies on the epidemiology and biology of trichinellosis in Poland (1964-1974). PMID- 1103478 TI - Indirect haemagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence tests in the diagnosis of human trichinellosis in an epidemic foucs. PMID- 1103479 TI - [The importance of the eyelids for ophthalmodynamographic recordings-- an oscillographic study before and after total plastic reconstruction of the eyelids (authors transl)]. AB - Ophthalmodynamography (ODG) of an empty orbit apart from a covering of atrophic skin 1mm thick revealed only one twentieth of the pluse amplitude of the contralateral normal orbital oscillographic waves. After total plastic surgical reconstruction of the lids, isolated oscillographiy of the eyelids was performed for the first time. The pulse amplitude now reached about 1/4 of that of the contralateral side. It is concluded that these reconstituted eyelids contribute at least 25% towards the volume and 25% towards the oscillographic pulse wave amplitude on performing ODG in the usual manner. These values could well be exceeded in normal lids on account of their better blood supply. PMID- 1103480 TI - Food and nutrition in the Netherlands. PMID- 1103481 TI - Manipulation of rumen fermentation for maximum food utilization. PMID- 1103482 TI - Future of additives in animal feeding. PMID- 1103483 TI - Role of sugar in modern nutrition. PMID- 1103484 TI - Sugar and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 1103485 TI - Obesity. PMID- 1103486 TI - Carbohydrates, diabetes, and blood lipids. PMID- 1103487 TI - New sources of foodstuffs for pultry - carbohydrates in particular. PMID- 1103488 TI - Reduction of azo food dyes in cultures of Proteus vulgaris. AB - 1. Rates of reduction of a number of azo food dyes were measured in anaerobic cultures of Proteus vulgaris. The rates of colour loss were found to be zero order under conditions in which the concentration of viable cells remained constant. 2. A significant increase in the rate of reduction followed the onset of cell mortality. 3. The zero-order rates correlate with the redox potentials of the dyes. A mechanism consistent with these observations involes an extracellular non-enzymic reducing agent which acts as an electron shuttle between dye and cellular reducing enzymes. PMID- 1103489 TI - [Dependence of various antigen formation of Proteus mirabilis strain 1095/67 growing on minimal nutrient media]. AB - Proteus mirabilis strain 1095/67 has been cultivated in surface culture on different minimal media, which were composed either of single amino acids or combinations of several amino acids without or with stepwise addition of other C sources up to the complete medium. We found a direct dependence of the formation of the various antigens (moving to the cathode, to the anode, or not moving) on the composition of the medium. Certain amino acids (Ala, Glu, Asp. Ser) elicit only parts of the antigenic spectrum formed in complete medium, but enrich special antigens. With only 2 amino acids (Ala and Glu) and the vitamins thiamine, pyridoxal, and niacine in the anorganic basic medium the complete antigenic spectrum can be formed. We have shown that the composition of the cell wall varies with the composition of the culture medium. In shaked cultures we found serine to be essential for the production of the antigen moving to the cathode and the thermolabile antigene moving to the anode (ATA), niacine to be of fundamental importance in the biosynthesis of all antigens. Already under very limited supply of nutrients ATA, common to all gram-negative bacteria, is formed and, therefore, it seems to be a very basic cell wall component. PMID- 1103490 TI - [Conservation and recultivation of vacuum-dried cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans]. PMID- 1103491 TI - [Industrial safety and occupational medicine in the Soviet Union in Soveit publications of social and industrial medicine in Germany during the twenties]. PMID- 1103492 TI - [The significance of the life-work of Emil Eugen Roesle (1875-1962) for the development of medical statistics in Germany]. PMID- 1103493 TI - [Some endocrinological and therapeutic problems from the geriatric aspect]. AB - Age-specific criteria must be taken into consideration in the treatment of hormonal dysregulations during senescence and senium. A general transmission of the endocrine conditions of younger periods of life to the senium is not possible and induces the possibilities of complications which are demonstrated at the example of the thyroidal and parathyroidal metabolism. The course of endocrine crises is the severer the older the patients concerned are. Dealing with the pathophysiological findings, the author demonstrates and explains therapeutic standards according to own experiences. PMID- 1103494 TI - [In memoriam: Guenther Hillmann]. PMID- 1103495 TI - [A new appliance for the mixing and incubation of fluide or cell and bacterial suspensions]. PMID- 1103496 TI - [Economical substrate preparation in indirect immunofluorescence]. PMID- 1103497 TI - Trypanosoma lewisi, Trypanosoma rhodesiense: mitotic activity in normal and folic acid deficient rats. AB - Ten experiments were performed to compare mitotic activity in livers of rats infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense and Trypanosoma lewisi. The host dietary groups were: (1) complete of full complement; (2) folic acid deficient, and (3) pair-fed or calorically restricted. Liver mitotic counts of T. lewisi-infected rats fed complete and pair-fed control diets showed a high degree of significance over that of control rats. From days 35 to 55, liver mitotic counts of T. lewisi infected rats deficient in folic acid showed an average of 16 +/- 2 mitotic phases as compared to 9 +/- 2 for livers of uninfected animals. Liver mitotic counts of T. rhodesiense-infected and non-infected rats fed complete and pair-fed control diets showed that there were essentially no differences in the mitotic counts from that seen in liver from control, uninfected animals. On day 25 (day 5 of infection), folic acid-deficient infected rats showed a significantly higher number of dividing cells than the controls. Folate was measured in isolated, washed T. lewisi and T. rhodesiense cells. T. lewisi and T. rhodesiense contained 9.6 ng folate per 10(8) cells and 6.2 ng of folate per 10(8) cells respectively. Metabolic products of T. lewisi contained an average of 0.51 ng of folate per 10(8) trypanosomes. T. rhodesiense metabolic products contained 0.3 ng of folate per 10(8) trypanosomes. PMID- 1103498 TI - [Regulation of protein biosynthesis at the translation level. I. Methods of determining kinetic parameters of translation]. PMID- 1103499 TI - [Study of the structure and activity of the genome using the methods of nucleic acid renaturation and hybridization]. PMID- 1103500 TI - [Mechanism of the lipotropic action of choline and possible participation of phospholipids in fatty acid oxidation]. PMID- 1103501 TI - [Yeast cell ploidy]. PMID- 1103502 TI - [Enterochromaffin cells: morphology, histochemistry, functional significance]. PMID- 1103503 TI - [Evolution of the regeneration capabilities of animals]. PMID- 1103504 TI - [Ultrastructure of the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney]. PMID- 1103505 TI - [Andrei Nikolaevich Belozerskii (1905-1972)]. PMID- 1103506 TI - [Fibrinogen and fibrin: molecular structure, self-assembly of fibers]. PMID- 1103507 TI - [Current ideas on lipids of the cell nucleus]. PMID- 1103508 TI - [Viral receptors of cells and MN antigens]. PMID- 1103509 TI - Virginia dental medicaid. PMID- 1103510 TI - [Functional state of the stomach in children with tonsillitis]. PMID- 1103511 TI - [Filatov's flap in otorhinolaryngology (on the centenary of the birth of Academician V.P. Filatov)]. PMID- 1103512 TI - [Isolation of L-forms of Klebsiella from patients with scleroma]. PMID- 1103513 TI - Immunologic heterogeneity of the lymphocyte surface in various diseases. AB - Employing the surface immunofluorescence technique and rosette test, surface receptors of lymphocytes from 83 healthy subjects (57 adult donors and 2l infants), 3 mature fetuses, and 110 patients, including 23 infants with acute repiratory infections, 22 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 20 patients with viral hepatitis (VH), 22 patients with chronic brucellosis, and 1 patient with ataxia-telangiectasia lacking serum IgA were studied. Surface immunoglobulins complement-receptor lymphocyte (B lymphocytes), rosette formation with uncoated sheep erythrocytes (T lymphocytes), and receptor for Fc IgG, characteristic mainly of B lymphocytes, were determined. Percentages of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood of adults (21%) and infants (about 24%), T lymphocytes in adults (about 70%) and infants (about 52%) were determined. On the surface of lymphocytes from adults, IgM predominated, followed by IgG, and IgA was least frequent. In acute upper respiratory tract infections in infants percentages of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood were markedly increased. Glucocorticoids used in treatment exerted a distinctly suppressive effect on these cells. In multiple sclerosis the number of cells with receptors for complement and density of receptors for Fc IgG on the surface of lymphocytes were decreased. In acute viral hepatitis, no significant changes in the contents of B and T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were noted. In chronic brucellosis, the numbers of T lymphocytes were decreased, and atypical mononuclear cells with partial lack of receptors typical of B lymphocytes were observed. The findings indicate that in diseases based on bacterial or viral infections and in multiple sclerosis, B and T lymphocytes play an essential role, which is reflected by the percentages of B and T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. PMID- 1103514 TI - [The 75th birthday of Prof. Martin Stolze]. PMID- 1103515 TI - [Experiences with a new method of ureterocystoneostomy in kidney transplantation]. PMID- 1103516 TI - [Penis erection in hypospadias]. PMID- 1103517 TI - [Development of endoscopy]. PMID- 1103518 TI - [Modification of problem pathogens in chronically infected bladders through irrigation and instillation agents]. PMID- 1103519 TI - [Urodynamics. I. Ureter-dynamics]. PMID- 1103520 TI - [50th anniversary of the death of N. I. Teziakov]. PMID- 1103522 TI - [Early treatment of injuries of the soft facial tissues]. PMID- 1103521 TI - [The formation of higher alcohols by amino acid auxotrophic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. III. Higher alcohols as byproducts of the biosynthesis of amino acids tauthor's transl)]. PMID- 1103523 TI - [Distal fixation of the free flexor tendon graft using a bone wedge. (A new principle for the immediate mobilization of the hand)]. PMID- 1103524 TI - [Treatment of infectious pseudarthroses of the lower extremity]. PMID- 1103525 TI - [Therapeutic recommendations for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries]. PMID- 1103526 TI - [The 60th birthday of A.K. Schmauss, July 25, 1975]. PMID- 1103527 TI - [Closure of the duodenal stump. Technics used in duodenal posterior-wall ulcer]. PMID- 1103528 TI - [Rare origin of an ischio-rectal abscess]. PMID- 1103529 TI - [Malignant tumor (sarcoma) on a fetal neck, diagnosed during pregnancy by means of ultrasonics]. AB - Authors present a case of congenital sarcoma discovered by ultrasound at 30 weeks of pregnancy. The tumour was shown projecting from the anterior neck, well limited and measured 12 X 12 X 8 cm associated with maternal hydramnios. Pregnancy was terminated. Patho-histological finding was a spindle cell sarcoma of the neck and mandibular region. Discussion is about clinical, ultrasound diagnostic and morphological aspect of this rare entity. PMID- 1103530 TI - [Developmental trends in obstetrics at the Leipzig University-Gynecological Hospital since the existence of the German Democratic Republic]. AB - An analysis of development in the obstetrics allows following comments: Peripartal and perinatal mortality shows a significant positive development. Maternal mortality has become very rare. The high percentage of approximately 10% of premature birth has a bad influence on the perinatal mortality. The intranatal mortality compared to ante- and post-natal could be sunk to a great extent. The eclampsia is observed very rarely. The reasons for the good results are to be seen not only in widening of indications of obstetrical operations but also in improvement of solicitude, prophylactical, diagnostical and conservative therapeutic measures. PMID- 1103531 TI - [In memory of Prof. Ferenc E. Szontagh, M.D., D.Sc]. PMID- 1103532 TI - [Professor Dr. Maximilian Knorr 80 years old]. PMID- 1103533 TI - [Comparative investigation on recovering bacteria from the artificially contaminated hand (author's tranls)]. AB - A modification of the basin-procedure (PRICE), the plastic-bag-(GASCHEN), the fingertip-(SCHUMBURG) and the glass-cup-method (STORY) were compared in order to evaluate their efficiency to recover bacteria from the artificially contaminated hand. With all 4 methods there was a linear relation between the bacterial content of the contamination and the rinsing fluid in which the germs were collected from the hands (FIG. 1, Tab. 9). The number of recovered bacteria per ml, however, differed greatly with the method used. Without regard to the volumes of rinsing fluid and the size of the offered skin area, both differing with the metheod, the finger-tip-procedure yieleded the highest counts followed by the plastic-bag-, basin- and glass-cup-method (Fig. 1). Compensating the influence of the volume the three procedures first mentioned appeared equally effective (Fig. 2 and Tab. 11). It, however, has to be noticed that the finger-tip-method uses a skin area considerably smaller than the other two methods. The glass-cup-method was the least effective but used on the palm the recovery was still 10 times that of the yield of the back (Fig. 2). Because of its high efficacy, the better exploitation of the subungual spaces and because of its simplicity, the finger tip-method seems to be the procedure best suited for recovering bacteria from the artificially contaminated hand. PMID- 1103534 TI - [Microbial contamination of air by activated sludge units (author's transl)]. AB - Measurements of the germ emissions in various activated sludge units with different ventilations systems have shown that the lowest density occurs with small bubble ventilation; with medium bubble and brush ventilation rather high values were measured; the spray devices used for foam elimination had a particularly unfavorable influence. In great germ densities above the pools (50 100 000 germs/m3) - depending on the weather - between 500 and 1500 germs/m3 were measured at a distance of 50 and 100 meters. At distances of 200 and 400 m the number of germs was about the same as normally measured in the outside air (100 500 germs/m3). In a closed pool altogether considerably higher values were measured: In the immediate neighbourhood of the activated sludge unit they amounted to abt. 10 000-25 000 germs/m3; in the hall 3000-4000 germs/m3 were measured, whereby the part of coliform bacteria amounted to 1-2% and that of enterococci to 2-4%. It has to be taken into account that besides the measured intestinal flora further pathogenous agents are present in the aerosols. In closed units, therefore, a greater risk of aerogenous infections exists, whereas in open-air pools this danger can be judged as very small. PMID- 1103535 TI - Light sensitive chloramphenicol analogues. AB - Some chloramphenicol analogues have been prepared in order to find reagents which could be used in a photoaffinity labelling study of the peptidayl transferase center of the E. coli ribosome. The compounds were tested for antibiotic activity in vitro in the "fragment reaction" assay, and for their ability to generate very reactive species upon irradiation. PMID- 1103536 TI - Binding of a nitroxyl to radiation-induced DNA transients in repair and repair deficient of E. coli K-12. AB - Binding of tritiated 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone-N-oxyl (3H-TAN) to radiation-induced DNA-transients in E. coli K-12 strains AB 1157 and JO 307 rec A uvr A has been studied under in vivo conditions. After irradiation the cells were washed and resuspended in growth medium and left overnight at 37 degrees C. Within an uncertainty of about 10%, no effect of repair could be detected on the yield of TAN bound to DNA for any of the strains. During the period after resuspension. TAN or fragments of TAN leaked out of the irradiated cell samples. This leakage may be attributed to semi-permanant association between TAN and radiation-induced radicals within the cell. The relevance of different interactions between TAN and transients in DNA is discussed. PMID- 1103537 TI - [Hemodynamic data in the prognosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1103538 TI - Endocrine function of the canine pancreas. The effect of duct ligation and transplantation of the total duct ligated pancreas. AB - Pancreas transplantation was studied in the dog using a total duct ligated pancreas as allograft. In a group of 10 mongrel dogs the effects of long-term (6 36 months) total duct ligation on the endocrine pancreas function were studied by means of repeated intravenous glucose tolerance tests (iv-GTT). One year after total duct ligation the mean glucose assimilation coefficient (k-value) was 75%, the median insulin peak value (IPV) 63% and "total" insulin secretion in the first thirty minutes (TIS) 58% of the pre-operative values. These levels were maintained up to three years after duct ligation. The total duct ligated pancreas was then used as an allograft in 28 beagles in order to study the influence of DL A (dog leucocyte-antigens) matching on the survival time of the graft. DL-A identity compared to one or two haplotype difference gave a fourfold increase in median survival time from 9 to 40 days. In a second group of 14 beagles with one haplotype difference the effect of immunosuppressive therapy was studied. The methods used (antilymphocyte serum and a combination of prednisone and azathioprine) increased the median survival time to the level seen in DL-A identity. In conclusion the total duct ligated pancreas can be used as an insulin secreting allograft, providing rejection can be suppressed adequately. PMID- 1103539 TI - An evaluation of the diagnostic value of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - The potential use of LH-RH as a test of pituitary function in women has been investigated. In this study the synthetic material was administered intravenously, and samples of peripheral blood were removed at defined times. The levels of plasma oestradiol, LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassay. The administration of incremental doses of LH-RH (from 1.56 to 450 mug) demonstrated that a maximal response was obtained with 100 mug in the majority of apparently healthy subjects. Accordingly, this amount was selected as the standard dose for use in a test of pituitary function. The application of this test to 96 patients with secondary amenorrhea showed that the release of LH and FSH (as assessed by the maximum value, and the area under the response curve) was within the normal range in 82, high in 4 and low in 10. There was no correlation between the cause of the amenorrhea, the results of the LH-RH test, and the endogenous levels of oestradiol, LH and FSH. In addition 5 patients with primary amenorrhea and 8 patients with pituitary disorders were tested with LH-RH. In primary amenorrhea low basal levels of LH were found, but all subjects had a normal response to LH RH. In 3 patients with clinical hypopituitarism the basal levels of gonadotrophins were in the normal range, but there was an impaired response to LH RH. It is concluded that 100 mug of LH-RH administered intravenously may be used to test the ability of the pituitary to release LH and FSH, but the magnitude and duration of the response is not of additional diagnostic value. PMID- 1103540 TI - The effect of maintenance haemodialysis and renal transplantation on the plasma testosterone levels of male patients in chronic renal failure. AB - Plasma testosterone levels were measured at the beginning of a 14 h period of haemodialysis, one hour later, midway through the period and at the end, in 18 male patients in chronic renal failure. The level fell from 8.70 +/- 2.63 nmol/l at the start to 8.08 +/- 3.33 nmol/l at the midpoint, and rose again to 10.12 +/- 3.9 nmol/l at the end of a dialysis. All seven of the patients tested on a non dialysis day showed similar levels at the same time. At the beginning of a 10 h dialysis period 19 other male patients showed a plasma testosterone level of 10.12 +/- 3.99 nmol/l and, at the end, of 8.98 +/- 4.54 nmol/l. Over the same period the plasma corticosteroids rose from 301 +/- 101 nmol/l to 483 +/- 199 nmol/l. Eight male patients who had had successful renal transplantation had plasma testosterone levels of 15.08 +/- 7.49 nmol/l. It is concluded that the plasma testosterone is low in chronic renal failure, but the circadian rhythm is preserved. Treatment with maintenance haemodialysis does not itself affect the plasma testosterone level, or alter the circadian rhythm despite the procedure's being a stress. Successful renal transplantation restores the plasma testosterone to normal in most cases. PMID- 1103541 TI - Quantitative analysis of pancreatic islet development and insulin storage in the foetal and newborn rat. AB - Pancreatic islet development and insulin storage were studied in foetal rats during the last 4 days of gestation (day 19 to 22 post-coitum (p.c.)) and in 1 and 5 days old neonatal rats. Adult female virgin rats were also studied. The percentage of granulated B-cells per islet, the degree of B-cell granulation and the islet insulin concentration rose from low levels on day 19 to adult levels on day 22 and remained stable after birth. This indicates that the qualitative maturation of the pancreatic islets as insulin producing units is completed on the last day of gestation. The percentage of islet tissue slowly rose from 0.7% at day 19 to 1.5% on day 22. A further and much more rapid rise occurred during the first day of birth. At the 5th postnatal day the islets comprised 3.6% of the pancreas versus 1.1% in adult rats. Likewise, the neonatal pancreatic insulin concentration was about 3 times higher than in the adult pancreas. The foetal pancreas as a whole showed rapid exponential growth between day 18 and 21 p.c., but a sudden decline in growth rate occurred from day 21 onward. The total mass of islet tissue, on the other hand, continued to expand at its high initial rate up to the first day after birth, whereafter this high rate also declined. The high concentration of insulin in the neonatal rat pancreas therefore appears to be due to differential growth rates of the endocrine and exocrine tissue during the last day of pregnancy and the first day after birth. PMID- 1103542 TI - Plasma testosterone levels in C57BL/6J male mice: effects of age and disease. AB - Plasma testosterone (T) was measured by radioimmunoassay in both healthy and diseased, mature (8-11 months) and senescent (29-31 months) C57BL/6J male mice. Pathological lesions in diseased mice included reticulum cell sarcoma and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. In healthy mice neither plasma T nor testicular weight differed between age groups. Median levels and 95 percentiles of plasma T in ng/ml were 1.12 (0.19-12.18) in mature mice and 1.17 (0-7.31) in senescent mice. In diseased mice testicular weight and the range of values of plasma T were significantly reduced. The marked decreased in plasma T and testicular weight in diseased senescent mice illustrates the importance of distinguishing between disease-related changes and effects of aging, per se. PMID- 1103543 TI - The pituitary reserve in FSH and LH in amenorrheic and anovulatory women. AB - The pituitary gonadotropic response of FSH and LH "reserve" was studied in ten normal women, twelve amenorrheic and two impuberal patients, as compared with six sterile women with anovulatory cycles. The method as the intravenous injection of 100 microgrs. of synthetic porcine LH-RH followed by the radioimmunologic estimation of FSH and LH in plasms, before and after 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. This method allows an accurate estimation of the capacity of the adenohypophysis to release gonadotropins, the so called gonadotropic reserve. There are observed four types fo gonadotropic response to the LH-RH injection. Anovulatory sterile women and prepuberal girls have a very similar pattern with normal or very decreased FSH reserve and marked diminution in LH levels. Primary amenorrhea due to ovarian failure presents basal high values of both gonadotropins and increased response to the LH-RH stimulation. In primary amenorrhea without ovarian failure and in secondary amenorrhea, the LH patterns were normal, but in some cases a slight decrease in the FSH curve was observed. The method is regarded as very useful in the diagnosipothalumus-Pituitary-Ovary) Axis. PMID- 1103544 TI - Obituary: Ferenc E. Szontagh, MD. D. Sc. PMID- 1103545 TI - Contraception today and tomorrow. PMID- 1103546 TI - [Francois Grandjean. 1882-1975. (Biographical and bibliographical note)]. PMID- 1103547 TI - Cardiorespiratory function during thoracic anaesthesia: a comparison of two-lung ventilation and one-lung ventilation with and without PEEP5. AB - Previous studies have shown that, in patients undergoing thoracic surgery, a relatively high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP of 10 cmH2O = PEEP10) has no beneficial effect on oxygenation during one-lung ventilation (OLV). In the present investigation, cardiorespiratory function was examined in 11 patients intubated endobronchially and undergoing thoracotomy. Comparison was made between two-lung ventilation (TLV) and OLV and between zero end-expiratory pressure and PEEP5 during OLV. Cardiac output was determined to obtain information of the total oxygen delivery (cardiac output times arterial O2 content. The change from TLV to OLV was accompanied by a marked fall in PaO2 and a marked rise in shunt, whereas no significant change was observed in mean cardiac output. Oxygen delivery also remained unchanged due to relatively small decrease in SaO2 (arterial oxygen saturation) and maintenance of cardiac output. The application of PEEP5 during OLV produced no significant changes in these parameters. The findings in individual patients demonstrated the relative importance of cardiac output in determining oxygen delivery during OLV. A significant negative correlation was found between inspiratory airway pressure and cardiac index during OLV. PMID- 1103548 TI - Electron microscopy of the endocrine pancreas of cattle (Bos taurus L.). AB - The electron-microscopic structure of the islets of Langerhans in cattle is studied. Four cell types are described: A, B, C and D, differing mainly in the structure of specific granules. In the A cells half-moon- or ring-shaped mitochondria are observed. Two modes of islet cell secretion are observed: by means of 'active-releasing sector's and emiocytosis. PMID- 1103549 TI - [Estimations of partial and total volume of the telencephalon of Papio cynocephalus kindae]. PMID- 1103550 TI - Carbamazepine (Tegretol) as an anticonvulsant. A controlled double-blind comparison with diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin). AB - A large double blind crossover study of carbamazepine (CBZ) in comparison to diphenylhydantoin (DPH) is underway, and the results are presented for the first 20 patients to complete the protocol. The importance of preparatory steps is outlined-beginning with the gathering of preliminary kinetic data about half-life and peak-time in epileptic patients. A detailed pilot study was performed with open administration of the agents and hospitalization during the crossover. Detailed blood level monitoring and dose-equivalence calculations lead to the design of blind crossover protocol from the pilot study. Of the 20 patients reported on at this point, 12 had fewer seizures on CBZ, but 4 of these preferred DPH because of the CBZ side effects. Of the 8 having fewer seizures on DPH, 3 preferred CBZ - leading to a final disposition of 11 on CBZ and 9 on DPH. Mean serum levels were 34.1 mug/ml for DPH and 10.6 mug/ml for CBZ. The patients having fewer seizures on DPH had higher serum DPH levels than those doing better on CBZ, but the opposite was found for the CBZ levels. The implications of this difference are discussed. Over all, DPH and CBZ are effective anticonvulsants of the same general magnitude, but individual patient responses to effects and side effects will influence their usefulness in any given case. PMID- 1103551 TI - A double blind study of carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin in temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - In a double 0lind study no difference was found between carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin with regard to efficacy in preventing temporal lobe seizures, i.e. partial seizures with complex symptomatology, when the drugs were given without other medication for periods of 16 weeks, and when the serum concentrations were within selected therapeutic levels corresponding to usual therapeutic dosage. Some patients, however, had considerably fewer seizures on carbamazepine, some on diphenylhydantoin. It therefore seems advisable to try both drugs separately, before using a combined medication. PMID- 1103552 TI - A double blind study of the influence of dipropylacetate on behaviour. AB - The influence of dipropylacetate (D.P.A.) on behaviour was studied in 20 patients using a double blind cross over trial. 5 patients were rated as improved on D.P.A., 6 on placebo, 3 as deteriorated on D.P.A., 3 on placebo, 12 as unchanged on D.P.A. and 11 on placebo. This study gives us no reason to believe that D.P.A. exerts a psychotropic action within 3 weeks which is better than a placebo effect. PMID- 1103553 TI - A controlled trial of clonazepam in temporal lobe, epilepsy. PMID- 1103554 TI - Continuous phrophylcatic anticonvulsants in selected childrens with febrile convulsions. AB - The recurrence rate of febrile convulsions is assessed in 108 children who had had either prolonged or repeated initial fits or had both a positive family history and persisting neurological disorder. Only 7 of 40 (17%) who received continuous prophylactic phenobarbitone or primidone for at minimum of 18 months had another fit compared with 40 of 68 (59%) children who were untreated (p less than 0.0005). Indications for continuous therapy are discussed. PMID- 1103556 TI - Experiences from planning and execution of a controlled therapeutic trial in new cases of epilepsy. PMID- 1103555 TI - A controlled study of profylactic long-term treatment of febrile convulsions with phenobarbital. PMID- 1103557 TI - Check list for assessment of controlled therapeutic trials. PMID- 1103558 TI - Quality control of drug estimations. PMID- 1103559 TI - Medication error in a controlled therapeutic trial. PMID- 1103560 TI - Sequential statistical testing in clinical trail. PMID- 1103561 TI - Ethical aspects of biomedical research. PMID- 1103562 TI - Bacterial flora in relation to cataract extraction. III. Postoperative flora. AB - The conjunctival flora of 499 patients operated for cataract was studied on the 4th and 7th postoperative days and compared with the flora examined previously on admission to the hospital and at the time of surgery (Fahmy et al. 1975b, c). Antibiotics had been administered approximately 18 hours before operation, at the conclusion of surgery, and then on the 4th postoperative day after the cultures had been taken. After a significant fall in incidence, including all kinds of bacteria at the time of surgery (Fahmy et al. 1975c), Staphylococcus albus showed an increase in incidence on the 4th postoperative day to the level found on admission. Corynebacteria and gram-negative bacilli likewise showed increasing incidence but not to the level of admission. The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci remained unchanged. On the 7th postoperative day, S. aureus showed a fall in incidence while other bacteria had largely the same incidence as that of the 4th postoperative day. The origin of S. aureus isolated postoperatively from the conjunctiva was studied, and showed that the great majority of strains were similar to those found on the patient's own conjunctiva preoperatively. In a few instances, S. aureus could be traced to the patient's own nose or to the noses of some of the nurses. The air of the wards, eye drops or ophthalmic ointments used in the treatment of the patients apparently did not play any role as a source of S. aureus infection. Cultures obtained on the 4th postoperative day showed only a minor relationship to the flora of the wound site observed at the conclusion of surgery. PMID- 1103563 TI - Meniere's disease and diphenidol. A critical analysis of symptoms and equilibrium function tests. AB - In 24 patients with Meniere's disease, chemotherapy using Diphenidol (1,1 diphenyl-4-piperidino-l-butanol hydrochloride), a non-phenothiazinic antiemetic agent, was carried out using the double-blind technique in the cross-over design. The prevalence and intensity of symptoms at the three stages were recorded every three weeks according to fixed scales which were graded: vertigo, unsteadiness, tinnitus, nausea, headache, and shoulder stiffness. The hearing was measured by tone audiometry. Equilibrium function tests were also performed every three weeks and these included the electronystagmographical procedure to determine caloric response and the ARG-Tilt tests. Both symptoms and the results of equilibrium function tests, showed a higher incidence of improvement during the period of Diphenidol administration than during that of placebo. The difference was statistically significant with respect to vertigo, dizziness or unsteadiness, and general condition subjectively, as well as caloric response and ARG-Tilt tests. The Diphenidol effect consisted of an improvement of imbalance, both in the peripheral and in the central vestibular system through its neural and circulatory action. Only 8% of the patients dropped out and no side effects were observed in this series. Both the feasibility of the graded symptom scales and the utility of each parameter obtained from the equilibrium function tests are discussed in connection with testing of the drug in various stages of the disease. PMID- 1103564 TI - Fanconi's anemia. II. Are multiple endocrine insufficiencies a substantial part of the disease? AB - Three children with Fanconi's anemia belonging to a family where 6 children had the disease were investigated. One child had growth hormone deficiency, a second child showed subnormal response of testosterone to gonadotropin stimulation and the third child had a missing insulin release following arginine. This report shows that growth hormone deficiency is not necessarily liniked with Fanconi's anemia when it occurs in a family. Multiple endocrine insufficiencies do no appear to be part of the disease. PMID- 1103565 TI - Breast feeding and biological properties of faecal E. coli strains. AB - Human milk may contribute to protection against gram-negative infection by promoting intraluminal agglutination or killing of bacteria or by preventing bacterial attachment to epithelial surfaces. This paper explores the effect of human milk on the sensitivity of faecal E. coli to serum bactericidal activity and agglutination specificity, factors which have been regarded as related to virulence. Faecal E. coli isolated from breast-fed infants differed from those from formula-fed infants in two respects: They were more sensitive to the bactericidal effect of human serum and more often spontaneously agglutinating. E. coli strains isolated from sources outside the gastro-intestinal tract, that is the prepuce and female peri-urethral region, were in breast-fed babies less sensitive than faecal strains. The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that a breast-milk factor favours the proliferation of mutant strains. The observed effects of breast-milk might be associated with decreased bacterial virulence, and be one of the ways in which breast-feeding protects against infection. PMID- 1103566 TI - Respiratory insufficiency syndrome (RIS) in preterm infants with gestational age of 32 weeks and less. Neonatal management and follow-up study. AB - The clinical entity of respiratory insufficiency syndrome (RIS), i.e. irregular breathing leading to recurrent apnea and bradycardia in an otherwise healthy preterm infant, has been studied in respect of symptomathology and management with intensive case including ventilatory support. During a 4-year period 26 of 103 infants with gestational age less than or equal to 32 weeks and mean weight 1304 g (range 710 to 1830 g) developed RIS. In most infants the initial apnea occurred after 2 and before 72 hours post delivery but in some infants later. Because of progressive hypoxemia and acidosis 15 of the 26 RIS infants required IPPV treatment. The 76% survival rate of RIS infants seems to justify intensive care with ventilatory support even in the smallest preterm infants with RIS, especially as the follow-up study performed at 15 months to 3-1/2 years of age showed neurological sequelae in only 3 of 20 surviving babies, i.e. 15% sequelae rate. PMID- 1103567 TI - Experimental murine leprosy. 6. Cellular reactions in the draining lymph node after injection of Mycobacterium lepraemurium into the foot-pads of mice. AB - The reaction patterns of the draining lymph nodes were studied in C3H and C57/BL mice after foot-pad inoculation of Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM). Bacilli were found in the lymph nodes of both strains already a few days after inoculation, but any marked reaction did not occur until approximately 3 weeks later and then only in the lymph nodes of C57/BL mice. The reaction involved enlargement, epithelioid cell granuloma formation and proliferation of pyroninophilic blast cells in the T-cell area. The lymph nodes in these animals remained large and showed a reactive pattern for up to 230 days. At this stage, bacilli were relatively few. In C3H mice, no reactive changes developed and it was not until much later that they became significantly enlarged. In the advanced stage, normal lymph node structures were replaced completely by giant macrophages loaded with acid-fast bacilli. C3H and C57/BL mice are polar as regards the lymph node reaction against MLM; in C3H mice it resembles the advances stages of human leprosy while it in C57/BL mice mimics the situation in the BT-TT region. Immunofluorescence studies did not reveal any early proliferation of Ig containing cells and the lack of cellular immune reaction against MLM in C3H mice cannot be explained as an early B-cell reaction to interfere with the development of cell mediated immunity. PMID- 1103568 TI - Experimental murine leprosy. 8. Ultrastructural features of the inflammatory exudate and bacterial morphology in C3H and C57BL mice after foot-pad inoculation with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - Mice of the inbred strains C57BL and C3H were inoculated in the foot-pads with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) and the inflammatory reaction was studied using light and electron microscopy. In C57BL mice a granulomatous reaction developed 3 4 weeks after inoculation. The inflammatory exudate at this stage showed numerous lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. The latter cell type often contained many lysosomes and appeared activated. The bacilli which were all within phagosomes showed extensive electron dense aggregates of the cytoplasm suggesting severe damage. Lymphocytes and macrophages in close contact with each other were often observed. In macrophages which contained damaged bacilli, spherical lipid-like bodies surrounded by granular endoplasmic reticulum were observed. It is suggested that this cell product could be of some significance for the bactericidal function of the macrophage. Contrary to these findings, the cellular infiltrate developing in C3H mice showed no lymphocytes and consisted exclusively of macrophages. These were all heavily loaded with bacilli. The vast majority of bacilli encountered in this strain was morphologically intact and presumably viable. Lipid-like bodies similar to those observed in infected C57BL macrophages were not encountered in C3H mice. It is concluded that unless the infected macrophages become immunologically activited they are unable to cause bacterial damage or to inhibit the growth of MLM. PMID- 1103569 TI - The basement membrane of the uterine cervix in dysplasia and squamous carcinoma: an immunofluorescent study with antibodies to basement membrane antigen. AB - Histological preparations with normal epithelium, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and squamous invasive carcinoma of human cervix were studied by immunofluorescence using human sera containing antibodies against basement membrane material, against intercellular substance of squamous epithelium (ISSE) and against reticulin. A continuous basement membrane was observed in normal epithelium dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, but was faintly stained, discontinuous or even absent in specimens with invasive squamous carcinoma. Staining with anti-reticulin did not reveal any condensation in the basement membrane areas in any of the preparations examined. ISSE was demonstrated in the normal epithelium, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ as well as in invasive carcinoma. PMID- 1103570 TI - Biliary excretion of diazepam and its metabolites in man. PMID- 1103571 TI - Growth hormone and cortisol secretion after oral and intravenous administration of methyldopa. PMID- 1103572 TI - The levels of serum growth hormone and immunoreactive insulin after administration of antipyretic analgetics. PMID- 1103573 TI - Cardiopulmonary blood volumes at rest and during muscular exercise measured by 113mIn radiocardiography. AB - Cardiac output, stroke volume, right heart and left heart blood volume, pulmonary blood volume and pulmonary mean time were measured at rest and during muscular exercise in 14 healthy subjects in the supine position. The method used was 113mIn radiocardiography measured precordially with a single detector. The results were analyzed with a minicomputer by a modified gamma function fitting method. The increase in cardiac output during exercise was 140 per cent (p is less than 0.001). The stroke volume increased 15 per cent (p is less than 0.05) in subjects with heart rates less than 160 beats/min, and decreased in subjects with heart rates greater than or equal to 160 beats/min. The right heart blood volume decreased from 115 ml/m2 to 105 ml/m2 to 215 ml/m2 (5 per cent; p is less than 0.1) and the left heart blood volume decreased from 120 ml/m2 to 110 ml/m2 (5 per cent; p is less than 0.01). The total heart blood volume thus decreased from 235 ml/m2 (5 per cent; p is less than 0.05). The pulmonary blood volume showed a corresponding increase from 250 ml/m2 to 280 ml/m2 (12 per cent; p is less than 0.005), and the cardiopulmonary blood volume did not markedly change (485 ml/m2 and 495 ml/m2). Pulmonary mean time decreased from 5.0 s to 2.4 s (52 per cent; p is less than 0.001). PMID- 1103574 TI - A double-blind trial of maprotiline (Ludiomil) and amitriptyline in depressed outpatients. AB - The results of a double-blind trial of a tetracyclic antidepressant, maprotiline (Ludiomil) and a conventional tricyclic, amitriptyline (Elavil), in 67 ambulatory depressives are reported. Hamilton's Rating Scale for Depression was the main outcome criterion. No statistically significant differences were found between the drugs in onset of action, efficacy, side effects or predictors of response. Patients on either drug showed a significant reduction in symptoms after 1 week of treatment and at the end of the trial. Both drugs were tolerated well. A review of double-blind comparisons of maprotiline and tricyclic antidepressants, spanning 13 countries, and including over 900 patients, both ambulatory and inpatient, shows essentially similar results. The main outcome criterion in all these studies was manifest psychopathology assessed on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression by the treating physician. The absence of additional types of outcome criteria or assessment techniques, which may have detected differences in motor activity or drive as originally postulated, may have obscured results which were expected to be subtle. PMID- 1103575 TI - Pipamperone (Dipiperon, R3345) in troublesome mental retardates: a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study with long-term follow-up. AB - A 6-week double-blind cross-over study comparing pipamperone with placebo was conducted in 20 female mental retardates with behavioural disorders. The ages of the patients ranged between 22 and 42 years. After a 2-week washout period, patients were randomly allocated to either pipamperone or placebo treatment. The initial dosage of pipamperone was 40 mg b.i.d., which was gradually increased to 80 mg b.i.d. within 5 days. Patients were assessed using a ten-item rating scale before and after each week of treatment. For six of the ten items, patients showed a better response during the pipamperone than during the placebo period. When pre-trial scores were compared with those at the end of the trial, seven items had significantly improved with pipamperone. The nursing staff considered the patients more alert and amenable during pipamperone treatment. PMID- 1103576 TI - Clonidine in alcohol withdrawal. AB - In a doubl-blind study, patients receiving a rapidly falling dosage of clonidine recovered about 1 day faster from the symptoms of moderately severe alcohol withdrawal than patients receiving placebo. The effects of clonidine were especially noticeable with respect to tremor, sweating, elevated systolic blood pressure, tension, anxiety, depression, and general condition. Clonidine had no effect on the sleep disturbances. No significant side effects were seen. It is suggested that clonidine is a useful aid in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, especially when it is desirable to minimise the use of tranquillisers. PMID- 1103577 TI - A two-gene model for schizophrenia with the possibility to detect carriers of the modifier gene. AB - A two-gene model for the hereditary transmission of schizophrenia is presented involving two pairs of autosomal alleles Ss and Pp. It is hypothesized that the recessive gene can produce schizophrenia in homozygous state with a penetrance of .40. In the presence of the gene P schizophrenia can occur in the heterozygote Ss, resulting in a more serious form of the disease and having a manifestation rate of .70. The population frequencies best fitting the available data are estimated to be approximately .03 for P and .07 or .08 for s. It is also hypothesized that the reproductive fitness is .80 in manifest schizophrenics with genotype ss pp and .50 in overt schizophrenics carrying the modifier gene P. The model is proposed to cover only the so-called "process" or "nuclear" type of schizophrenia. The remaining schizophrenics of "reactive" and other types may belong to different genotypes or consist in phenocopies. The model is discussed in relation to literature observations and our own previous studies. The possibilities for increased fitness of non-schizophrenic carriers of P and s are also discussed. PMID- 1103578 TI - Myelography in metastatic lesions. AB - The radiologic appearances at gas myelography were analysed in 57 metastatic lesions, all histologically verified, or having known primary tumours. Five of these cases were also examined with a water-soluble contrast medium, metrizamide. The results were correlated to the findings at surgery and to tumour pathology. It is concluded that myelographic findings simulating juxtamedullary growth are usually due to local indentation of the dura by the extradural tumour, and not to intradural extension. PMID- 1103579 TI - Arterial calcification and progressive peripheral gangrene after renal transplantation. Report of two cases treated with parathyroidectomy. AB - Two cases of progressive arterial calcification and peripheral gangrene after successful renal transplantation are presented. Parathyroidectomy was performed and was followed in one case by healing of the peripheral necroses. It is suggested that parathyroidectomy should be considered in similar cases even in the absence of hypercalcemia. PMID- 1103580 TI - Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics Proteus strains. AB - A total of 218 Proteus strains isolated from clinical sources were tested for their susceptibility to three penicillins and two cephalosporins. The ability to beta-lactamase production was examined in 36 of these strains. Proteus mirabilis strains were generally more susceptible to cephalosporins than to penicillins, whereas indole-positive Protei were almost uniformely resistant to cephalosporins as well as to ampicillin and benzylpenicillin but susceptible to carbenicillin. Fairly good correlation was found between the amount and hydrolytic soectryn if beta-lactamase activity and the pattern of resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins in the strains examined. Some observations indicate, however, that the resistance of Proteus bacilli to this group of antibiotics is partly related to permeability barriers in bacterial cell. About 37% of Proteus strains transferred their ampicillin resistance to E. coli K12. Beta-lactamase activities mediated by R plasmids in E. coli cultures were 1.5 to 5 times higher than in respective Proteus donors. PMID- 1103581 TI - Ultrastructural changes in zygote formation and autoradiographic study of DNA replication during conjugation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The following stages of mating reaction were analysed in electron micrographs: initial contact of the conjugating cells, formation of a tube-like structure between the mating partners, nuclear fusion and formation of first diploid bud. Nuclear fusion was observed to take place within the conjugation tube, the fusion nucleus, however, was often localised in one of the initial conjugants. The stage of fusion nucleus, preceding the first diploid bud formation, is of longest duration in the mating process. The second longest stage is the formation of a tube-like structure. The whole conjugation process lasts at 25 degrees approximately 60 min. According to the autoradiographic data, DNA synthesis begins after nucelar fusion and proceeds during formation of the first diploid bud. PMID- 1103582 TI - Proceedings: Positive cisternography in stereotaxic brain tumour surgery. PMID- 1103583 TI - Proceedings: Stereotaxic reconstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius. PMID- 1103585 TI - Proceedings: A simplified procedure and a new appliance for stereotactic brain operations. PMID- 1103584 TI - Proceedings: Stereotaxic brain tumour biopsy--5 years' experience. PMID- 1103586 TI - Proceedings: Stone-cutting scenes from the 16th and 17th century. PMID- 1103587 TI - [Removable restoration in the partially edentulous patient with periodontal disease]. PMID- 1103588 TI - [Removable partial dentures]. PMID- 1103589 TI - Effects of toxicants on the morphology and fine structure of fungi. PMID- 1103590 TI - Antibiotic-producing fungi: current status of nomenclature. PMID- 1103591 TI - Microbiological control of plant pathogens. PMID- 1103592 TI - The treatment of shock. PMID- 1103593 TI - Disease of the parathyroid glands. PMID- 1103594 TI - Neurovascular compression syndromes. PMID- 1103595 TI - Cancer of the colon and rectum: a review of the newer technics in diagnosis and treatment. AB - The greatest improvements in the survival rates of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum have come with the application of sound principles of cancer surgery. This, coupled with the decrease in operative mortality that accompanied the wide use of thorough bowel preparation and improved postoperative care, has brought surgery to its present plateau. Further improvements have come with difficulty. Wider application of adequate resection and the use of preoperative irradiation may improve survival somewhat. However, the maximal benefits probably have already been derived from operative therapy. Early and more thorough diagnostic technics might result in increased survival through earlier diagnosis. Development of a simple and highly accurate method for the detection of blood in the stool that could be applied widely probably would be the best screening procedure. Greater may come in the field of immunotherapy, along with a beter understanding of the body's immunologic mechanisms. At the present time, the surgeon must content himself with the application of thorough operative procedures. PMID- 1103596 TI - Inflammatory diseases of the pancreas. AB - The first attack of acute pancreatitis is best treated medically, by fasting and general supportive measures unless complications ensue or the patient does not get better. There is no specific therapy for this disease at the present time (while trypsin inhibitors have not proved to be effective, there is some question as to whenter the newer version will be valuable). Since, at least in private hospitals, the majority of patients with acute pancreatitis have gallstones, surgery in these individuals is directed primarily toward removal of the gallbladder and/or common bile duct stones, or to the drainage of cysts. Most acute cysts are small and can be treated medically. Otherwise they shouldbe drained 8-10 weeks later into the adjacent stomach... PMID- 1103598 TI - Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1103597 TI - Antibiotics in surgery. PMID- 1103599 TI - [Studies on the cryopreserved cornea--histological observations of grafted corneal endothelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1103600 TI - Studies on antigenic patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from newborn piglets. PMID- 1103601 TI - Occurrence of K80(B) antigen in Escherichia coli strains isolated from suckling calves. PMID- 1103602 TI - Sero-grouping of Escherichia coli strains isolated from cases of white scours in Eqypt. PMID- 1103603 TI - Ischemic heart disease: an overview. AB - The studies on natural history of ischemic heart disease are reviewed and the major predictors of mortality identified. The severity of the coronary atherosclerosis and the status of ventricular function are found to be more important predictors of survival than the clinical presentation. The objectives of therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease are (1) to improve the quality of life by reducing symptoms, (2) to improve ventricular function, and (3) to increase survival time. The results of surgical therapy are examined in relation to these three objectives. Symptomatic improvement is present in 85 to 95 percent of patients after surgery, but convincing evidence for improved ventricular function is lacking and controlled studies of natural history have failed to show that surgery increases survival time. Analysis of the mechanism of symptomatic improvement after surgery suggests that increased blood flow to the ischemic area as well as infarction of ischemic myocardium and the nonspecific effects of surgery may account for the improvement. The prevention of coronary atherosclerosis is viewed as an attainable long-term solution to the problem of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 1103604 TI - Experiments on heart valves (1908) by Harvey Cushing and J.R.B. Branch. PMID- 1103605 TI - Pharmacologic therapy of ventricular arrhythmias. AB - To treat patients with ventricular arrhythmias properly, one must characterize the arrhythmia, define the underlying heart disease and look for and treat reversible causes. When arrhythmias are suitable for pharmacologic suppression, it is necessary to predefine therapeutic goals, then carefully document that the drug accomplishes these goals. Knowledge of a drug's metabolism, excretion, active metabolites and plasma protein binding is often required for full understanding of its clinical effect. Pharmacokinetic principles require that antiarrhythmic drugs be given on a rigid schedule and that plasma drug levels be frequently determined. Use of compartment models and the principle of superposition can enable one to achieve and maintain therapeutic drug concentrations while avoiding toxic side effects. The drugs commonly used to treat arrhythmias, lidocaine, propranolol, procainamide, diphenylhydantoin and quinidine, as well as some newer agents, have specific pharmacokinetics and toxic effects that must be understood. PMID- 1103607 TI - The utilization of non-drug induced altered states of consciousness in borderline recidivists. PMID- 1103606 TI - Intrapatient comparison of treatment with chlorthalidone, spironolactone and propranolol in normoreninemic essential hypertension. AB - The effects of chlorthalidone, spironolactone and propranolol in reducing blood pressure were compared in the same 11 normoreninemic hypertensive patients. All three drugs decreased the blood pressure significantly and no agent had a superior blood pressure-lowering effect. The blood pressure did not normalize. The data suggest that no one variable--volume factors, relative hyperactivity of the renin-aldosterone system or beta-adrenergic hyperactivity--is the prime mover in normoreninemic hypertension. Long-term treatment with chlorthalidone resulted in slight hyperreninism (26.3 +/- 4.9 ng-ml-1-3 hours-1) (mean +/- standard error) with concomitant changes in plasma aldosterone (23.0 +/- 3.2 ng-100 ml-1). The body weight decreased significantly (--1.8 kg, P less than 0.005). Plasma potassium concentrations were low (3.2 +/- 0.1 mEq-liter -1). Creatinine clearance was unimpaired (117 +/- 6 ml-min-1). Treatment with spironolactone resulted in more marked hyperreninism (47.0 +/- 14.3 ng-ml-1-3 hours-1) and hyperaldosteronism (61.9 +/-11.8 ng-100 ml-1). The body weight decreased significantly (--1.9 kg, P less than 0.004). Significant hyperkalemia occurred (4.4 +/- 0.1 mEq-liter-1). The glomerular filtration rate decreased significantly to 93 +/- 3 ml-min-1 (P less than 0.004). Treatment with propranolol resulted in marked suppression of the plasma renin activity (1.8 +/- 0.2 ng-ml-1-3 hours-1) and plasma aldosterone levels (8.9 +/- 1.3 ng-100 ml-1). A significant increase in body weight occurred (+2.3 kg, P less than 0.013). The plasma potassium concentration increased to a level not significantly different from the value found after treatment with spironolactone (4.2 +/- 0.1 mEq-liter-1). The creatinine clearance decreased significantly to 99 +/- 5 ml-min-1 (P less than 0.008). Hyperreninemia (by spironolactone and chlorthalidone), effective hyperaldosteronism (by chlorthalidone) and volume retention (by propranolol) are considered to represent expressions of mechanisms counteracting the depressor effects of these different pharmacologic maneuvers, leading to the maintenance of supranormal blood pressure. PMID- 1103608 TI - Training and use of technicians in the treatment of alcoholism with hypnosis. PMID- 1103609 TI - Influence of maternal nutrition on birth weight. AB - This paper discusses some conditions necessary to detect an effect of maternal nutrition on birth weight and the relative contribution of calories and protein to such an effect. The expected dose- and time-response relationships for nutritional interventions aimed at the improvement of birth weight are also discussed. There appears to be a minimal level of nutrients which must be available in order to obtain adequate birth weight. However, above this minimum level, pregnant women can adapt themselves to a wide variety of food intake, both in quantity and quality, without affecting birth weight. The relative contribution of calories and protein to an increase in birth weight depends on the limiting nutrients of the home diet in the population under study. Other factors like physical activity, prevalence of disease and magnitude of the maternal nutritional stores before pregnancy are also important determinants of the relative contribution of calories and protein to birth weight. The anticipated input of a nutritional intervention on birth weight should range between 25 and 84 g of birth weight/10,000 kcal ingested during pregnancy. This estimate was computed from analyses based on four sources of published data: weight gain during pregnancy, prepregnant weight, fetomaternal body composition, and food intake during pregnancy. The expected reduction in proportion of low birth weight (LBW less than 2.5 kg) babies following a nutritional intervention will depend not only on the estimated range of fetal weight increase but also on the total amount of supplemented calories ingested during pregnancy as well as on the existent proportion of low birth weight babies prior to the intervention. The offspring of women who have low prepregnant weight, poor diet, low level of replacement of the home diet by the supplement, low physical activity during pregnancy and good health status will show larger increase in birth weight per unit of supplemented calories. Finally, nutritional interventions during pregnancy as opposed to earlier in the life of the mother, should have the higher impact on birth weight. In consequence, interventions as of pregnancy are recommended. PMID- 1103610 TI - A new approach to Chinese traditional medicine. AB - Traditional medicine in China has as yet been unsatisfactorily analyzed from the point of view of the history of ideas. It has come to be viewed as a monolithic system of therapy, and overlooked has been the fact that as time passed various originally different traditions and concepts were made to fit into all-embracing systems, intimately connected with a general way of thought. Theoretical superstructure in medicine has to be delineated from simple empirical observations. Only the latter can be a meaningful object for medical interest today--the theories are better studied within other disciplines. PMID- 1103611 TI - Ginseng: its history, dispersion, and folk tradition. AB - This article presents a historical comparison of the traditions surrounding and uses of ginseng in Asia and in North America, with a focus on the triangle formed by the Chinese, the North American Indians, and the white American residents. The medicinal and folkloric applications of ginseng by the Chinese were remarkably similar to those independently developed by various North American Indian tribes. White Americans, however, largely disregarded the herbal root medicinal qualities in favor of the lucrative economic gains available from the export of ginseng to supply the Chinese market. Information was gathered primarily from Western sources and whenever possible was either drawn from or corroborated by original eighteenth and nineteenth century publications. PMID- 1103612 TI - The past and future of immunohematology. Philip Levine award lecture. PMID- 1103613 TI - Rapid detection of bacteremia by an early subculture technic. AB - Routine blood cultures in a pediatric hospital were subcultured after 4 to 14 hours of incubation (average 8 hours). Eighty-five per cent of all significant, positive blood cultures were detected within 24 hours of initial incubation. Contaminant organisms rarely grew on early subculture plates. Compared with the traditional 24-hour or 48-hour stain and subculture technics, the 4--14-hour (early) subculture method allows more rapid detection, identification, and sensitivity testing of most bacteria isolated from clinically significant positive blood cultures. PMID- 1103614 TI - The 1974 Division 27 Award for Distinguished Contributions to Community Psychology and Community Mental Health. PMID- 1103615 TI - Aspergillus antibody in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The respiratory flora of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) frequently includes Aspergillus, and 30% of their serum samples have been observed to contain precipitating antibody to this fungus. Serum from 61 CF patients, 60 healthy persons, and three patients with CF and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis was studied, using a quantitative assay for antibody to A fumigatus. Although CF patients had significantly higher levels of Aspergillus antibody, some antibody was found in all serum samples from normal individuals. Binding was immunologically specific for A fumigatus. Serum IgE levels and dermal reactivity to Aspergillus were similar in both CF and normal subjects. Increased levels of Aspergillus antibody in CF patients probably reflect pulmonary colonization, which only rarely causes infection or sensitization. PMID- 1103616 TI - Breast abscess during the neonatal period. A review. AB - Thirty-nine infants ranging in age from 1 to 7 weeks had breast abscess. The lesion occurred more frequently in girls (girl/boy ratio, 1.8:1), but this was due to cases developing after 2 weeks of age. During the first two weeks, the sex incidence was equal. No bilateral lesions were recorded. Eighty-four percent of the abscesses developed during the first three weeks of life. In general, there was a lack of systemic manifestations; a body temperature of 38.3 C (101 F) or more was found in only 25.7% of the patients and constitutional signs were found in four patients. Abscess cultures were obtained in 36 cases: 32 yielded Staphylococcus aureus, two Salmonella, one Escherichia coli, and one yielded both S aureus and E coli. Of six patients available for follow-up, decreased breast tissue was noted in two. PMID- 1103618 TI - Successful renal transplantation in patients with prior history of malignancy. AB - Eleven selected patients with a history of cancer have received renal transplants. In three patients the malignancies were diagnosed and treated before renal failure developed. Two patients underwent bilateral nephrectomies for the treatment of bilateral renal malignancy. In six patients the malignancy developed while they were uremic, and they received transplants after treatment of the tumor. Recurrent tumor developed in only one of the 11 (9 per cent) patients after receiving the transplant. Thus, patients with a history of malignancy can receive a transplant without accelerating growth of the tumor. We recommend a minimum period of one year between tumor treatment and transplantation to observe for tumor recurrences or metastases. A longer period of observation may be necessary in patients who have tumors with a poorer prognosis. PMID- 1103617 TI - Filtration and infusion phlebitis: a double-blind prospective clinical study. AB - The effect of final filtration on the incidence of infusion phlebitis was studied in a prospective, double-blind investigation involving 146 postoperative patients. The incidence of infusion phlebitis was found to be significantly reduced when an inline, 0.45-mum membrane filter was used. The greatest reduction of infusion phlebitis was in the filter groups receiving unbuffered solutions and no set change over the 72 hours of therapy. Buffering the infusion fluid or 24 hour change of the administration set did not have any effect on reducing the incidence of phlebitis. Antibiotic therapy appeared to have a slightly beneficial effect only when inline filters were employed. A significant rise in white blood cell count and an increase in sedimentation rate were observed in the patients receiving unfiltered fluids. It is recommended that inline final filters should be a part of routine intravenous therapy. PMID- 1103619 TI - Hyperuricosuria and increased tubular secretion of urate in sickle cell anemia. AB - Seven young adults with uric acid overproduction due to sickle cell anemia were normouricemic with a mean serum uric acid level of 4.9 mg/100 ml. Urate clearance was greater in these patients than in normal subjects or in patients with primary hyperuricemia due to uric acid overproduction. The increase in urate clearance was entirely accounted for by increased pyrazinamide suppressible urate clearance. Pyrazinamide administration abolished the uricosuric response to ribonucleic acid (RNA) feeding in these patients with sickle cell anemia, and maximal uricosuric response to the administration of probenecid was similar in the patients with sickle cell anemia and in normal subjects suggesting that reabsorption of both filtered and secreted urate was not impaired in sickle cell disease. Pyrazinamide suppressible urate clearance at maximal uricosuric response to probenecid was increased in patients with sickle cell disease suggesting increased tubular secretion of urate. This increase in urate secretion permits most young adults with urate overproduction due to sickle cell anemia to remain normouricemic and may account for the low frequency of secondary gout in this disease. PMID- 1103620 TI - Gram-negative bacillary meningitis. AB - All cases of unusual types of gram-negative bacillary meningitis in a university hospital over a five year period were retrospectively analyzed. These patients comprised 4.2 per cent of cases of bacterial meningitis among all patients, 69 per cent of neurosurgical cases and 42 per cent of neonatal cases. The over-all mortality was 40.3 per cent. The two most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli in patients younger than one year and Klebsiella species in patients above that age. Infection may be acquired at birth or at the time of surgery, or may be secondary to spread of infection from other body sites. Gram negative bacillary meningitis is a nosocomial infection and this diagnosis should be suspected in patients in whom central nervous system infection develops in the hospital. PMID- 1103621 TI - Mixed IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemia with glomerulonephritis. Immunochemical, fluorescent and ultrastructural study of kidney and in vitro cryoprecipitate. AB - Comparative studies of renal biopsy specimens and in vitro cryoprecipitate were carried out in a patient with mixed immunoglobulin G (IgG)-immunoglobulin M (IgM) cryoglobulinemia associated with glomerulonephritis. The IgM isolated from the cryoprecipitate was an antibody with anti-IgG activity. Proliferative endocapillary glomerulonephritis was found in the kidney, with large amorphous deposits in the capillary walls. On immunofluorescent examination, these deposits contained IgG and C3. Ultrastructural studies of both cryoprecipitate and glomerular deposits revealed unusual structures designated as "cylindrical or annular bodies." The morphologic characteristics of these bodies were exactly the same in the kidney and in the cryoprecipitate. These findings suggest an identity between the glomerular deposits and the circulating cryoglobulin, supporting the hypothesis that the glomerulonephritis reported here is an immune-complex disease. PMID- 1103622 TI - Hepatic disease in asymptomatic parenteral narcotic drug abusers: a Veterans Administration collaborative study. AB - The Veterans Administration is currently conducting a collaborative study in three hospital-based drug treatment clinics to evaluate asymptomatic parenteral drug addicts for evidence of hepatic disease. Preliminary data are presented on 347 patients who have completed at least three months of follow-up evaluation. On admission, abnormal serum transaminase values were demonstrated in one half, HBs Ag in 7 per cent, and anti-HBs in 59 per cent. The frequency of these findings increased during the follow-up evaluation, only 19 (5.5 per cent) remaining entirely free of one or more of these abnormalities. Definable hepatologic disease (acute or chronic hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis) developed in 46 per cent of the patients. However, among 60 of them subjected to liver biopsy, a poor correlation was noted between the clinical and histologic diagnoses. In particular, routine liver function and immunologic tests did not discriminate between histologically detected chronic active and chronic persistent hepatitis. However, HBs Ag was present significantly more frequently in those with chronic active hepatitis. Wide variability of histologic diagnoses was seen among patients subjected to more than one biopsy, apparent progression and regression of the lesion being noted. This demonstrates the hazard of attempting to assign a prognosis to the disease on the basis of a single liver biopsy specimen, and suggests that repeated biopsies should be mandatory for the evaluation of chronic liver disease in drug addicts. PMID- 1103623 TI - Effects of combining methylphenidate and a classroom token system in modifying hyperactive behavior. AB - The combined effects of methylphenidate and a token reinforcement program in controlling a classroom behavior of 16 hyperactive, institutionalized retarded youngsters was investigated. A within-subject, placebo-controlled, double-blind design was employed. The results indicated that the behavior-modification procedures in the presence of placebo medication produced significant increases in work-oriented and related decreased in disruptive behavior. Few effects from the addition of active medication to the treatment program were found on any of the dependent measures. The findings suggest behavior modification to be a viable alternative to drug therapy for hyperactivity in retarded persons. PMID- 1103624 TI - Nutrition and drug therapy for persons with developmental disabilities. AB - Literature relevant to drugs reported as affecting or not affecting nutrient metabolism and diet for developmentally disabled persons was summarized. Many investigators have found side effects of anticonvulsant drugs on vitamin D, calcium, folid acid, and vitamin B12 metabolism. Growth-retarding effects of certain central nervous system stimulants have also been reported. It has beed found that tranquilizers and antidepressant therapy show no effects on nutrient metabolism. Vitamins used in pharmacologic doses are considered as drugs; their therapeutic use was briefly reviewed here. The need for more research on biochemical interaction of drugs and nutrients was recommended. PMID- 1103625 TI - Nurses in American History. Nursing and the great depression. PMID- 1103626 TI - Corneal preservation using M-K medium. AB - Human eye bank corneas were preserved in M-K medium for varying periods of time after which viability of the endothelial cells was evaluated by vital staining and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Endothelial viability and ultrastructural integrity was maintained in some corneas up to four days. Twenty five consecutive keratoplasties were performed utilizing human donor material stored in M-K medium. There were clear grafts in 92% of the cases and there were no primary graft failures. After the ninth postoperative week, the average central corneal thickness was 0.47 mm and 23 of the 25 grafts remained clear to moderately clear. All of the donor material used for keratoplasty was stored in M K medium for less than 80 hours. PMID- 1103627 TI - Immunofluorescent studies of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. AB - Using direct and indirect immunofluorescent techniques, we studied ten patients with cicatricial pemphigoid (chronic cicatricial conjunctivitis). Serologic and histologic evaluation of 13 conjunctival, 12 mucous membrane, and 11 skin specimens from the ten patients showed that three had immunoglobulin deposition at the basement membrane zone of the conjunctiva. One patient had immunoglobulin deposited in the affected skin and oral mucosa. Two patients had circulating basement membrane zone antibodies that bound to their own tissue but not to guinea pig lip or human skin. PMID- 1103628 TI - Editorial: The Association and the young men of 1899 and 1975. PMID- 1103629 TI - Presentation of the Gold Headed Cane to Wiley D. Forbus. PMID- 1103630 TI - Presentation of the first Rous-Whipple award to Jacob Furth. PMID- 1103631 TI - The effect of prolonged prednisone treatment on human costal cartilage. AB - Costal cartilage (biopsy) from a 13-year-old boy receiving prolonged prednisone treatment (discontinuously from 2 6/12 to 13 11/12 years) for hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy has been studied and compared with costal cartilage from untreated individuals. Optical and electron microscopic studies including histochemistry have been employed. Chondrocyte degeneration characterized by lipidic material and glycogen in cells is enhanced following prednisone treatment. Acid proteoglycans are reduced in comparison to those in the untreated controls. Amianthoid (asbestoid) collagen fibers, derived from electron-dense bodies which represent remnants of degenerating chondrocytes, occur in all cartilages. A type of collagen similar to fibrous long-spacing collagen has been observed and is prominent in cartilage from the prednisone-treated individual. Evidence suggests that this type of collagen is cellular in origin and represents a transitional form of native collagen. Morphologic changes suggestive of aging are present following prolonged prednisone treatment. PMID- 1103632 TI - Inflammatory mediators in culture filtrates of Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli, when cultured on a simple medium containing only glucose and inorganic compounds, release soluble factors which have a variety of biologic effects on cells in vitro. These low molecular weight (less than 12,000) substances are capable of: a) reversibly inhibiting the migration of macrophages, b) causing chemotactic attraction of neutrophils, c) inducing blast transformation of lymphocytes, and d) producing cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblasts in culture. Although these activities are functionally similar to those which have been described for various lymphokines obtained from antigen activated lymphocyte cultures, lymphocyte and bacterial factors which share a given property do not appear to be identical. For example, the bacterial factor which inhibits macrophage migration is partially heat labile and is dialyzable, characteristics which distinguish it from conventional migration inhibition factor. Nevertheless, similarity of function may imply the existence of some degree of chemical homology which would have importance implications concerning the evolution of host-defense reactions. In any case, as is the situation for the lymphokines, the in vitro behavior of the bacterial factors suggest a role for them in in vivo inflammatory responses. PMID- 1103633 TI - New aspects of chemotaxis. Specific target-cell attraction by lipid and lipoprotein fractions of Escherichia coli chemotactic factor. AB - A chemotactic factor extracted from sterile filtrates of Escherichia coli cultures was strongly chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and rabbit alveolar macrophages (RAM). Electrophoresis of the cytotactic material yielded five lipid fractions: one that was protein-free and active toward both PMN and RAM, and four lipid-protein complexes that were strongly chemotactic only for RAM. Thin-layer chromatography of the lipid-protein complexes resulted in an unmasking of PMN activity in a peptide-free lipid extract, while the isolated peptidic components were essentially noncytotactic. The original RAM activity was retained in the unmasked lipid, which possessed chemical and chromatographic properties similar to those of a previously reported cytotaxin synthesized from arachidonic acid. These data indicate that a class of lipids derived from bacterial and cellular sources is intrinsically cytotactic for PMN and RAM. When peptide moieties are associated with cytotactic lipids, the resultant lipid peptide complex may exhibit cellular specificity not evident in the free lipid. PMID- 1103635 TI - Na+ dependence of in vitro pancreatic amylase release. AB - The effects of Na+ on the in vitro release of amylase from mouse pancreas were studied. Replacement of Na+ in the medium by Tris, choline, or sucrose blocked the stimulation of amylase release by bethanechol and caerulein, whereas replacement by Li+ was without effect. The inhibiton was rapid and reversible, with stimulated amylase release linearly related to the log of the medium Na+ concentration over the range of 20-100 mM Na+. In contrast to the inhibition of amylase release stimulated by physiological secretagogues, enzyme release stimulated by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 was unaffected by removal of Na+ from the medium. Tissue and intracellular Na+ and K+ contents were unchanged after stimulation of secretion by physiological stimulants. It is concluded that Na+ may be important in the early steps of stimulus-secretion coupling leading to the putative rise in intracellular Ca2+ that triggers pancreatic enzyme release. PMID- 1103634 TI - Alternative services, professional practice, and community mental health. AB - Innovative services staffed by nonprofessionals have become a significant means of meeting a variety of community mental health needs. Most such services have elements in common, and have adopted non-traditional approaches to meeting mental health needs. As viable community mental health resources, alternative services are examined from several perspectives, including their origins, their characteristics and attractiveness to the consumer, and their relationships to mental health professionals. PMID- 1103636 TI - Twenty-third Annual Karen Horney Lecture: Life is a juggling act: our concepts of "normal" development - myth or reality? PMID- 1103637 TI - The theoretical bases of Soviet psychotherapy. AB - Beginning in the 1930's all Western psychologic theories, especially psychoanalysis, were labeled reactionary. Pavlov's theory remained as the sole "truly materialistic" basis for Soviet psychotherapy. Only in recent years has theoretical research shown signs of life. Certain concepts from cybernetics, information theory, and even social psychology are now used widely. PMID- 1103638 TI - Health-related effects, consequences, and results of social change in the Pacific. PMID- 1103639 TI - Fatal falciparum malaria among narcotic injectors. AB - Eleven narcotic injectors from a prison in Saigon were hospitalized with falciparum malaria. Coma and intense parasitemia were common and eight patients died soon after admission. Two of three autopsied cases also had purulent pulmonary infections. No non-addicted prisoners were hospitalized for malaria. Nine more unsuspected falciparum infections were found among 29 other addicts in the prison. The clustering of malaria infections among narcotic injectors who had not been in malarious areas indicates that the malaria was transmitted by the common use of needles and syringes. Cerebral malaria in an addict may be misdiagnosed as drug intoxication. Malaria surveillance is recommended for the increasing addict population in the cities of Southeast Asia. PMID- 1103640 TI - Acetylator phenotype and response of individuals infected with a chloroquine resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum to sulfalene and pyrimethamine. AB - Acetylator phenotype was determined in 33 volunteers who were infected with a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum and who received, for cure, 2 g of sulfalene and 50 mg of pyrimethamine. This drug combination did not cure 5 of 14 rapid acetylators and 3 of 19 slow acetylators. This difference is not significant. Plasma levels of non-acetylated sulfalene, acetylated sulfalene, acetylation, and biologic half-life of non-acetylated sulfalene after administration of the combination did not differ importantly between the two groups. Acetylator phenotype does not appear to influence the response to sulfalene and pyrimethamine of individuals infected with chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. PMID- 1103641 TI - Comparison of the complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, and indirect hemagglutination tests for malaria. AB - The complement fixation (CF), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and indirect hemagglutination (IHA)tests for malaria were compared by using sera from U.S. citizens with either natural infections or heroin-associated, needle-induced infections. In natural Plasmodium vivax infections, the CF, IIF, and IHA tests apparently detect malarial antibodies equally efficiently for the first 2 months after the onset of symptoms, but the titers obtained by CF and IIF rapidly decline within a year, while the IHA titers remain elevated. In the sera from heroin addicts who developed needle-induced P. vivax infections, sensitivities of all three tests were decreased: the IIF and IHA tests each detected 83%, but the CF test detected only 57.1%. False-positive reactions with this group were very high for the CF (76.6%) and IHA (15.9%) tests, but only 2% for IIF. PMID- 1103642 TI - Effects of lowered environmental temperature on the growth of exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium berghei. AB - The effect of lowered host-environmental temperature upon the development and maturation of the preerythrocytic tissue stages of rodent malaria parasites has been investigated in two strains of Plasmodium berghei originating from the highlands of Katanga. Young albino rats inoculated with massive sporozoite doses of P. berghei NK 65 and maintained for 48 hours at 12 degrees C developed small, stunted tissue schizonts, averaging 11 X 15 microns, of a distinct morphology. Control rats kept at room temperature of 27 degrees C showed mature tissue schizonts of normal growth averaging 24 X 29 microns. Blood from the rats kept at lower temperature for 48 to 50 hours failed to produce parasitemia when inoculated into susceptible recipient mice. All the mice given blood from control rats developed parasitemia. However, when sporozite-inoculated rats were kept for 96 hours or longer at 12 degrees C they developed parasitemia and their liver showed maturation of 10% of the preerythrocytic schizonts. Experiments with the ANKA strain of P. berghei did not show significant differences in size and morphology between parasites in rats kept for 46.5 hours at 9 degrees C and 12 degrees C and those in controls kept at 20 degrees C. However, subinoculation of blood from the low temperature experimental groups into recipient mice at 46.5 hours after intravenous sporozoite inoculation failed to produce parasitemia, whereas all the recipient mice from the control groups developed parasitemia in 4 or 5 days. The findings are discussed in the light of the evolution of plasmodia and the phenomena of relapse and delayed primary attack in certain malaria infections. PMID- 1103643 TI - Failure of levamisole to alter the lepromin reaction. AB - In a study of 37 leprosy patients, the oral administration of levamisole failed to provoke an increase in both the Fernandez and Mitsuda reactions to lepromins of human and armadillo origin. We interpret this as evidence against an effective specific immunostimulatory capability of levamisole in leprosy patients under the conditions of the study. Current knowledge of the mechanism of levamisole action supports the concept that the fundamental immunologic defect in lepromatosus leprosy may reside in the lymphocyte and not the macrophage, or the respective related functions of these two cell forms. PMID- 1103644 TI - Paralytic shellfish poisoning in the North Pacific: two historical accounts and implications for today. PMID- 1103645 TI - Digitalis-thiopentone effects on myocardial function. A study of systolic time intervals in man. AB - Systolic time intervals were measured in 10 patients with cancer of the esophagus who required two anaesthetic procedures, before and after an induction dose of thiopentone. The patients were digitalised between the first and the second procedures. Digitalis improved systolic time intervals and reduced the depressant effect of thiopentone on the heart as measured by systolic time intervals. PMID- 1103646 TI - Obesity: its relation to anaesthesia. PMID- 1103647 TI - The first experiences with ether anaesthesia in Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk 1847. AB - A search through the files of a local newspaper, the Cambridge Chronicle, has brought to light in numerous references to ether anaesthesia during the years 1847 and 1848. From this and other sources it has been possible to establish that the first operation under ether was performed at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge on 2 January 1847, only 12 days after Liston's well known demonstration in London. By 13 March over fifty operations under ether had been successfully carried out at this hospital. The first experiences with ether at Wisbech, Cambridgeshire and Bury St Edmunds, West Suffolk are also described. It is suggested that much material important in determining the extent to which the practice of anaesthesia was rapidly adopted in the English provinces awaits the historian in the local newspaper, since the early experiences with anaesthesia were often not recorded in the Minute Books of hospital committees, and indeed, often took place outside the hospitals. PMID- 1103648 TI - Letter: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). PMID- 1103649 TI - [The biotransformation of inhalation anaesthetics and its relevance to clinical side effects (author's transl)]. AB - The volatile anesthetics are not inert substances, but they are metabolised by means of a non-specific drug metabolizing enzyme system of the liver. Thus, in combined administration of several drugs, the knowledge of the metabolic pathways and the influence of the anesthetics on the transforming system is not only theoretically important, but represents a conditio sine qua non to the anesthesist as regards the handling of modern anesthetics. The occasionally observed liver and kidney injuries indicate a potential formation of toxic metabolites. Renal damage due to methoxyflurane may be caused by F- which is released during its biotransformation while, in the group of halogenated inhalation anesthetics, only chloroform is a true hepatotoxic substance. The explanation of the liver damage which is rarely observed after halothane administration, is an open question till now. For this, the investigator must go back to animal experiments where the quantity and quality of the metabolism differ considerably from one species to the other. In men it is widely unknown to what extent the microsomal enzymatic system is influenced by the disease itself and/or by the pharmacotherapy. Therefore great efforts must still be made in order to establish the formation of side-effects of halogenated inahlation anesthetics and, thus, to improve their therapeutic safety. PMID- 1103650 TI - A rapid and accurate procedure for assaying DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, or ribosome dependent protein synthesis. PMID- 1103651 TI - [Development of anatomical research of the pancreas from Vesal to Bichat. 1. From Vesal to Kerckring]. PMID- 1103652 TI - Morphological appraisal of gametogenesis. Spermatogenetic process in mammals with particular reference to man. AB - The process of spermatogenesis in man can be subdivided into prenatal, postnatal and adult phases. Special attention is devoted to the cytomorphology of the germ cells in these phases, with a more detailed description of the proliferation, maturation and differentiation of the germ cells in the adult. Thus, spermatogonial renewal, meiotic division and the morphological transformations of the spermatids into mature spermatozoa are described. An outline of the structures characteristic of the latter is also given. The histological organization of the seminiferous epithelium is considered, whereby the concepts of the cycle, stage of the cycle and wave of the seminiferous epithelium are discussed. The duration of both the cycle and that of spermatogenesis of the adult are considered. The present review on mammalian, and chiefly human spermatogenic processes aims at: surveying of current concepts, and compiling of the more important facts and problems of spermatogenesis. The nomenclature and definitions advanced here arise from the concept of continuity of the processes of spermatogenesis from embryo to adult. PMID- 1103653 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure and pulmonary and circulatory function after cardiac surgery in infants less than three months of age. AB - Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was used to support the ventilation of infants less than 3 months of age who had undergone thoractomy for cardiovascular surgery. The functional residual capacity, which was approximately 30 per cent of predicted at zero CPAP, increased 35 per cent in cyanotic and 33 per cent in acyanotic infants with the application of 5 mm Hg pressure. Increasing airway pressure from zero to 5 mm Hg increased PaO2 4 per cent in cyanotic and 13 per cent in acyanotic infants. There was no change in heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, pH or PaC02 under similar circumstances, but central venous pressure increased 1.5 mm Hg in cyanotic and 0.8 mm Hg in acyanotic infants. PMID- 1103654 TI - Alexander von Humboldt and his discoveries, drugs and devices of interest to anesthesiologists. PMID- 1103655 TI - Shunt, lung volume and perfusion during short periods of ventilation with oxygen. AB - Twenty patients requiring ventilation for acute respiratory failure were studied to determine whether intrapulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) measured at an inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) of 1.0 differs from Qs/Qt measured at the clinically indicated FIO2 and, if so, the mechanism by which this occurs. Qs/Qt increased from 15.5 +/- 1.8 per cent (mean +/- SE) at the clinically indicated inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2 0.3-0.6) to 21.7 +/- 2.1 per cent after 20 minutes at FIO2 1.0. Functional residual capacity (FRC) decreased by 6 +/- 6 per cent and total compliance (CT) by 10 +/- 6 per cent. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure fell from 21 +/- 2 to 17 +/- 2 mm Hg, whereas pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and cardiac output remained unchanged. Mixed venous oxygen tension increased from 37 +/- 1 to 45 +/- 2 mm Hg with 100 per cent oxygen. At 90 per cent oxygen, Qs/Qt increased from the value at low FIO2, but FRC and CT did not change. Simultaneous application of 100 per cent oxygen and a positive end expiratory pressure (6 cm H2O) increased FRC, CT and Qs/Qt. Patients with increased PCWP showed smaller increases in Qs/Qt with 100 per cent oxygen. These findings suggest two mechanisms responsible for the increase in Qs/Qt: 1) redistribution of blood flow to nonventilated areas, resulting from the vasodilating effect of an increased oxygen tension in the vessels of hypoxic lung segments; 2) resorption atelectasis. Of the total change in Qs/Qt observed during ventilation with oxygen, 63 per cent was calculated to be due to factors other than a decrease in FRC. (Key words: Ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure; Oxygen, pulmonary shunt and; Lung, compliance; Lung, shunts.) PMID- 1103656 TI - PEEP valve for an anesthesia machine. PMID- 1103657 TI - [In memory of Vilem Sallac, founder of game animal disease research in Bohemia]. PMID- 1103658 TI - [Phlebology of yesterday and today. Historical indtroduction]. PMID- 1103659 TI - Orthodontic and bone grafting procedures in a cleft lip and palate series: an interim cephalometric evaluation. AB - An attempt is being made to observe the facial and dental development of a cleft lip and palate sample. The study is continuing and, hopefully, offers insight into what happens to these children who have undergone the placement of a dentofacial maxillary orthopedic appliance early at the time of lip closure and an additional surgical procedure and autogenous osteoplasty. Though the final answers to the two previously posed questions are not yet available, we are able to make some value judgments by observing the lateral cephalometric films of these children, and observing their occusion intraorally. Thus far, we are able to state that in our sample, using our treatment procedures in the sequence advocated, we have seen no growth attenuation in the posterior/anterior dimension. The maxilla, at least to the ages observed, does not appear to have been attenuated by our procedures. Further, it would seem that after a limited first phase of orthodontic treatment to align dental units, the degree of crossbite is considerably smaller from that reported in the literature by those using more conventional approaches; thus it is possible that we are doing some good. We are still using these procedures on our newborn and continue to feel that we have a real opportunity to be able to do more orthodontically for these children when they possess a full, permanent dentition and are ready for comprehensive treatment. PMID- 1103660 TI - Dr. William B. Downs: a man and his work. PMID- 1103661 TI - In memoriam. PMID- 1103662 TI - A kinin model of mediation for food and chemical sensitivities: biobehavioral implications. AB - The plasma peptide hormone bradykinin is hypothesized to be a major mediator of the multiple-system functional symptomatology of adverse food and other chemical reactions. It is postulated that native foods as organic chemicals could act cumulatively with other stresses to mobilize directly the kinin-forming enzyme system. PMID- 1103663 TI - Effect of bio-feedback techniques on chronic asthma in a summer camp environment. AB - Bio-feedback mediated deep muscle relaxation procedures demonstrated significant improvement in 22 asthmatic children attending a summer camp for the care and rehabilitation of asthmatic children. However, caution is expressed in the interpretation of the findings pending a replication of the research with more rigorous controls. PMID- 1103664 TI - Hyposensitization therapy in allergic disease. PMID- 1103665 TI - Editorial: The bursa of Fabricius: B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 1103666 TI - Plasma luteinizing hormone concentration in mares treated with gondotropin releasing hormone and estradiol. AB - Three experiments were performed to study the luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovulatory responses to various doses and methods of administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in estrous pony mares and the influence of estradiol-17beta (E2-17beta) on LH response to GnRH treatment. In experiment 1, single injections of synthetic GnRH were subcutaneously given to 5 groups of estrous (day 2) mares (3 mares/group) on a body weight basis as follows: group A- isotonic saline solution; group B--GnRH, 0.14 mug/kg; group C--GnRH, 0.28 mug/kg; group D--KGnRH, 0.59 mug/kg; and group E--GnRH, 2.37 mug/kg. Significant increase of plasma LH concentration lasting for approximately 2 hours occurred only in mares of group E given the largest dose of GnRH (2.37 mug/kg). Plasma LH concentration increase at 1 hour after treatment approached significane (P less than 0.10) in mares of group D given the next smaller dose. In experiment 2, GnRH (2.37 mug/kg) was intravenously infused for 24 hours to a group of 6 mares (group F); 6 other mares (group G) were given saline solution infusion. Mean plasma LH concentration was increased at 3 hours, continued to increase until 6 hours, and remained at approximately the 6-hour concentration throughout the period of GnRH infusion. In the 3rd experiment, 3 groups of mares (4 mares/group) were subcutaneously given the following treatments on days 2 and 3 of estrus, respectively: group H--corn oil and saline solution; group I--corn oil and GnRH, 0.59 mug/kg; and group J--estradiol-17beta, 0.5 mg, and GnRH, 0.59 mug/kg. Plasma LH response was not seen in group H mares given corn oil and saline solution. Mean plasma LH concentration at 1 hour after administration of GnRH approached significance (P less than 0.10) in group I mares given corn oil and GnRH. For the mares in group J given E2-17beta and GnRH, E2-17beta pretreatment increased plasma LH after 24 horus; significnat increases of plasma LH concentration were seen from 1 to 6 hours after GnRH injection. None of the treatments in experiments 1, 2, and 3 significantly altered the time of ovulation. PMID- 1103667 TI - Preparation of human lung biopsy specimens by perfusion-fixation. AB - A technique for perfusion-fixation of human lung biopsy specimens is described. The tissue is fixed in an expanded state by perfusing glutaraldehyde into cannulated blood vessels or bronchioles on the excisional surfaces. These specimens are ideally suited for histologic study and for both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 1103668 TI - The connective tissue of lung. PMID- 1103669 TI - Inflation--1904 model. PMID- 1103671 TI - Renal autograft survival after perfusion and hypothermic storage in a hyperosmolar high potassium-containing solution. AB - A hyperosmolar high postassium-containing kidney perfusate and storage solution with demonstrated in vitro advantages over extracellular-like solutions was tested for renal preservation superiority in vivo. A model allowing simultaneous evaluation of creatinine clearance of both kidneys from the same animal, each having been perfused and stored for 24 hours in different preservation solutions, offered certain advantages over conventional models. Immediate function, greater ultimate creatinine clearance and preservation of cellular architecture during 24 hours of hypothermic storage was demonstrated convincingly in kidneys preserved in the hyperosmolar high potassium containing solution. Simplicity of preparation and absence of precipitates were additional desirable features of this solution. The use of Ringer's lactated solution for perfusion and cold storage of kidneys should be avoided. PMID- 1103670 TI - Studies of thymus-derived and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes in renal transplant patients. AB - Serial studies of levels and responsiveness of T and B lymphocytes were performed in human renal allograft recipients. Patients given prednisolone-azathioprine immunosuppression had only mild falls in levels and responsiveness of T cells. Patients given a quality controlled ATG preparation had marked and relatively selective falls in levels of T cells associated with a marked fall in T cell responsiveness as measured by PHA and Con-A responsiveness. In vivo correlates of this severe T cell deficiency suggest that T lymphocytes are central to acute allograft rejection and that acute severe T cell deficiency is not associated with risk of infectious complications above and beyond those seen in patients suppressed with prednisone-azathioprine alone. These studies suggest that ATG, produced under quality control conditions and having rather selective anti-T cell activity, is a useful adjunctive immunosuppressive agent for human renal transplantation. PMID- 1103672 TI - [Preprosthetic surgery in relation to oral anomalies]. PMID- 1103673 TI - [Mouse teratocarcinoma: differentiation in cultures of a multipotential primitive cell line (author's transl)]. AB - A line of primitive cells of teratocarcinoma is able of differentiating during in vitro cultures. The differentiated cell types correspond to derivatives of the three germ layers. They appear according to a reproducible schedule. The differentiated cell types exhibit a normal karyotype. They have lost their tumorigenicity and have a limited life span. Agregates containing various numbers of primitive cells have been prepared and plated in culture dishes. Their study shows that the first differentiated cell types appear only when the agregates are greater than a certain critical mass. Primitive cells carry on their surface the F9 but not the H-2 antigen. During differentiation in culture, the H-2 antigen appears rapidly on certain cells. The fraction of H-2-carrying cells increases as a function of time while that of F9-carrying cells decreases. PMID- 1103674 TI - [Fungicidal and phagocytic activity against "Candida albicans" of human neutrophils in serum depleted in C3 and C4 (author's transl)]. AB - Cases of systemic infections caused by C. albicans are increasing in number and the kidney appears to be involved more often than any other tissue. The renal medulla is especially susceptible to infection by C. albicans and by bacteria - Previous works has showed that this is essentially due to hyperosmolality and to inactivation of the complement system. Polymorphs are one of the main host defense mechanisms against C. albicans and the authors have studied their power of phagocytosis against Candida and fongicidal activity in serum depleted in C3 and C4. Both are found to be normal. PMID- 1103675 TI - [Construction of Hfr strains in "Salmonella montevideo" (author's transl)]. AB - Lac+ variants of Salmonella montevideo were recovered from mating with an Escherichia coli strain harbouring the thermosensitive sex-factor Ft114-lac+. The properties of these variants suggest that this F' factor behaves identically in Salmonella and Escherichia. From these variants, it is possible to select mutants in which lac expression is stable at high temperature (42 degrees C) and it was proved that they behave as Hfr's. Twelve independently isolated Hfr's were similar with respect to both point of origin and sequence of markers transferred. These results suggest that our strain of S. montevideo carries an F-factor affinity site near met C gene. PMID- 1103676 TI - [Sensitivity to bacteriophage ES18 of strains of "S. dublin", "S. enteritidis" and "S. blegdam" and related serotypes (author's transl)]. AB - Sensitivity to bacteriophage ES18 may be used as an additional test for identification of strains of some serotypes of Salmonella. In the D group, the great majority (100/103) of the strains of S. enteritidis (H = g,m:-) and 7/7 strains of S. blegdam (H = G,m,q:-) are resistant. On the contrary, all the studied strains (111) of S. dublin (H = g,p:-) either Vi+ or Vi- are sensitive, as those of S. gallinarum-pullorum (61). Two strains of S. kiel (possibly derivated from S. dublin) are sensitive as that serotype, whereas 20 strains of S. paratyphi A, possessing the same O factors, are resistant. PMID- 1103677 TI - A transferable kanamycin resistance plasmid isolated from Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Kanamycin resistance was transferred by conjugation from a Haemophilus influenzae strain into Escherichia coli K12, and between E. coli K12 strains in subsequent transfers. Covalently closed molecules of DNA were isolated by sedimentation analysis of the DNA of the resistant E. coli K12 strains. These facts support the hypothesis that kanamycin resistance is mediated by a transferable plasmid in this strain of H. influenzae. PMID- 1103678 TI - Aquacultural ecosystems. PMID- 1103679 TI - Aquatic animals in biomedical research. PMID- 1103680 TI - Presentation of certification of appreciation from the New York Academy of Sciences to Dr. Ross Franco Nigrelli. PMID- 1103681 TI - Presentation of the Oceanology Award of the New York Ocean Science Laboratory to Dr. Ross Franco Nigrelli. PMID- 1103682 TI - Chemical transformations of naturally occurring nucleosides to otherwise difficultly accessible structures. PMID- 1103683 TI - Basis for clinical resistance to antitumor nucleoside analogs. PMID- 1103684 TI - Structure and conformation of nucleosides and nucleotides and their analogs as determined by x-ray diffraction. PMID- 1103685 TI - Nucleoside analogs as antiparasitic agents. PMID- 1103686 TI - Ara-C and derivatives as examples of immunosuppressive nucleoside analogs. PMID- 1103687 TI - Incorporation of analog purine nucleosides into the formed elements of human blood: erythrocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes. PMID- 1103688 TI - Fluorescent nucleosides and nucleotides. PMID- 1103689 TI - Polynucleotides containing 5-mercapto-substituted pyrimidines: inhibition of viral DNA polymerases and the biological implication. AB - Partially thiolated polycytidylic acids MPC I-III, containing 1.7%, 3.5% and 8.6% 5-mercaptocytidylate units, respectively) inhibited the DNA polymerase of Friend leukemia virus (FLV) in the endogenic reaction as well as in the presence of poly(A)-(dT)14 or poly[d(a-T)] templates; the inhibitory activities were directly related to the percent of thiolation. Various partially thiolated RNA and DNA isolates from Ehrlich ascites cells (containing one 5-mercaptopyrimidine nucleotide/50-100 nucleotide units) also inhibited the DNA polymerases of FLV in the endogenic reaction, and also in the presence of the synthetic templates. The thiolated DNA was the most active, but the thiolated tRNA also showed substantial inhibitory effects, while the thiolated ribosomal RNA was less effective. In a bacterial DNA polymerase (E. coli-K12, using denatured DNA as template), MPC I III showed no activity. By contrast, MPC III and several partially thiolated nucleic acid isolates significantly inhibited a regenerating rat liver DNA polymerase (I) system; among those tested, the thiolated DNA from Ehrlich ascites cells showed the highest activity. Kinetic analysis of the inhibitory action of this thiolated DNA in the rat liver enzyme system, using as template the corresponding unmodified DNA, demonstrated that the thiolated DNA acts as a competitive inhibitor of the template, with a Ki/Km ratio of 0.5. PMID- 1103690 TI - Inhibition of methylated nucleoside synthesis in vivo: accumulation of incompletely methylated transfer RNA in ethionine-treated cells of Escherichia coli B. AB - tRNA prepared from cells of E. coli B that had been incubated with 0.5% DL ethionine (Ethio sRNA) was found to accept methyl groups from 14CH3-S-adenosyl methionine in the enzymatic reaction catalyzed in vitro by tRNA methyl transferases from untreated cells of the same organism. tRNA from cells that were not exposed to ethionine did not accept a significant level of methyl groups when incubated with the same enzyme system. Base ratio analysis of the product obtained after in vitro addition of methyl groups to Ethio sRNA by enzymes from normal E. coli B indicated that a high proportion of uracil sites in this tRNA were available for enzymatic methylation. These results indicated that tRNA from ethionine-treated organisms was recognized by the homologous enzymes to be incompletely methylated, while, as previously shown, all methyl-acceptor sites on tRNA from normal cells were already filled, and that Ethio sRNA was preferentially deficient in methyl groups on uracil moieties in the RNA molecules. Ethionine thus appears to interfere with normal tRNA modification in vivo. PMID- 1103691 TI - Synthesis of ribo-oligonucleotides having the sequence of transfer ribonucleic acid. PMID- 1103692 TI - Scanning electron microscopy in ophthalmology. AB - In the context the technique of the scanning electron microscopy is described and the results are shown gained by the scanning electron microscope in ophthalmology. It is pointed out that questions specific to surface can be answered quicker and easier, if superificial microscopy together with the scanning electron microscope is used an additional source of information. Scanning electron optical pictures are very useful for ophthalmologic science. PMID- 1103693 TI - Extraluminal foreign bodies (coins) in the food and air passages. PMID- 1103694 TI - The problem of the open safety pin. AB - The open safety pin lodged in the stomach or esophagus presents a challenge to surgical judgment and technical skill. Most foreign bodies causing trouble lodge in the esophagus. Once in the stomach, uneventful passage can be expected in 80 to 90% of cases. Active intervention is reserved for those where intestinal performation is likely or where there is failure to progress. We have used the fiberesophagoscope to remove three open safety pins from the stomachs of two patients whose symptoms and threat of perforation required intervention. The microbiopsy forceps was used successfully to retrieve the open pins, but a newly developed grasping forceps for use with the fiberesophagoscope now provides a more secure hold on such foreign bodies. Rigid instruments retain their value for selected cases, but the flexible equipment now provides an important advance in the management of the open safety pin in the stomach. PMID- 1103695 TI - The Hunters and the arts. PMID- 1103696 TI - Letters from the past. From John Hunter to Edward Jenner. PMID- 1103697 TI - Oesophageal surgery. AB - A wide variety of benign conditions affecting the oesophagus which have long been recognized in association with hiatus hernia are now known to be attributable to reflux oesophagitis. The development of modern methods of treatment of these conditions is described with reference to a number of illustrative cases. PMID- 1103698 TI - Development of the right outflow tract and pulmonary arterial supply. AB - The branchial arch vessels of the human embryo have been studied by histological and radiographic methods and the modelling that occurs during the period Day 25 Day 52 postfertilization is described. It has been shown that the myoendocardial reticulum is reamed out by blood flow and it is suggested that hydrodynamic force is the fundamental factor which determines chamber structure of the heart and flow pattern in the outflow tracts and great vessels. The sixth aortic arch vessels contribute tissue to the pulmonary trunk and proximal pulmonary arteries. The 'postbranchial pulmonary arteries' are morphologically distinct and form the pulmonary arteries at the lung hila. The primitive pulmonary plexus around the tips of the developing tracheobronchial primordia is formed from segmental vessels arising from the dorsal aorta. Bronchial arteries can be demonstrated only late in intrauterine life. The numerous bronchopulmonary precapillary anastomoses which are found in the fetus at this time have been demonstrated radiographically. PMID- 1103699 TI - Letters from the past: from John Hunter to Edward Jenner. PMID- 1103701 TI - [Technic of mammoplasty by a J cicatrix]. PMID- 1103700 TI - Clonidine in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. AB - Twenty-five women suffering from climacteric complaints after surgical castration were treated with clonidine in a placebo controlled trial. Clonidine in the dose of 75 to 150 mug daily diminished the attack rates of flushing and sweating significantly. It can be recommended as a safe therapy for climacteric patients, at least those with contra-indications to oestrogen therapy. PMID- 1103702 TI - [Autocraft with vascular microsutures. Anatomy of donor site]. PMID- 1103703 TI - [Dermo-dermal joining. Experimental study]. PMID- 1103704 TI - [Abdominal flap in surgery of the hand. What must we think]. PMID- 1103705 TI - [Tolerance of the cortical bone to silicone materials]. PMID- 1103706 TI - [Use of aerolo-mammary flap with internal pedicle in reduction mammoplasty]. PMID- 1103707 TI - [The three-pronged plasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 1103708 TI - Predictive value of sympathetic cardiovascular reflexes and urinary catecholamines when selecting patients for antihypertensive treatment with beta adrenergic blocking drugs. AB - Two different sympathetic cardiovascular reflexes and the urinary catecholamines were studied to try to predict which patients would respond best to antihypertensive treatment with alprenolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking drug. The antihypertensive effect of sustained release tablets of alprenolol (200 mg twice daily) in 19 young patients with labile hypertension was confirmed. The treatment effectively reduced the tachycardia produced by the Valsalva manoeuvre and by nitroglycerin, and reduced the rise in systolic blood pressure after the Valsalva manoeuvre. The excretion of catecholamines was not affected. Neither the sympathetic cardiovascular reflexes produced by the Valsalva manoeuvre and nitroglycerin nor the excretion of catecholamines revealed which patients would respond best to alprenolol. PMID- 1103709 TI - A controlled clinical trial of chlormezanone, orphenadrine, orphenadrine/paracetamol and placebo in the treatment of painful skeletal muscle spasms. AB - Four hundred patients with painful muscle spasm caused by five common musculoskeletal diseases were included in a double-blind controlled trial of chlormezanone, orphenadrine, orphenadrine/paracetomol and placebo. Patients were treated for one week and then asked for their subjective assessment of the treatment. Fifty-three per cent improved on placebo, 57 percent on chlormezanone, 66 percent on orphenadrine and 71 percent on orphenadrine/paracetamol. There was no significant difference between chlormezanone and placebo, but orphenadrine appeared to have a beneficial effect, presumably because of its muscle relaxant activity. PMID- 1103710 TI - The role of viruses in the aetiology of connective tissue diseases. PMID- 1103711 TI - Amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The clinical and pathological features of amyloidosis are reviewed with special references to amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Data concerning the nature of the amyloid substance are presented. The amyloid fibril which is the unique and principal component of all amyloid substances, can be constituted by different protein subunits. The amyloid fibril protein AA is a major subunit of the amyloid fibrils particularly seen in secondary amyloidosis including that associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The immunological and chemical properties of protein AA and a structurally related serum protein (SAA) are discussed. Increased knowledge of the nature of amyloid and its precursor proteins may provide better methods for the diagnosis and treatment of amyloidosis. PMID- 1103712 TI - Immunological diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1103713 TI - Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cytostatic drugs. PMID- 1103714 TI - Dr. David Tanchester. October 3, 1896-September 6, 1975. PMID- 1103715 TI - [Proceedings: Treatment of excessive body height in adolescents with small doses of corticoids. Demonstration and advantages. 10 cases treated with prednisone]. AB - Treatment of great heights has always been in endocrinology, especially in the U.S.A., a problem hard to solve, estrogenotherapy being the main drug and giving more and less convincing results. We present a treatment with small doses of corticoids which seems more satisfactory starting at a level of two centimeters under the expected height. This treatment allows to get the complete join of the long bones cartilage under the influence of a normal puberty. 11 teen-agers (1 male and 10 females) have been given such a treatment at variable ages (range = 12 6/12 and 16, mean = 14 2/12). The standard dose was 15 mg per day of prednisone, 5 mg every eight hours, during 7 to 25 months, with periodical supervising of clinical, biological and radiological state. Results are excellent on growth : breakdown of growth rate is immediately obtained, from 7,2 cm to 0,5 cm every year. During all the treatment and after, the complete gain of height will not exceed 1 or 2 cnetimeters over the initial height. Quality of results is better than that of other methods; side effects, if any, are mild and disappear when stopping the treatment. PMID- 1103716 TI - [The sensitivity of direct and indirect methods in immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparative study (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study of the sensitivities of the immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques was undertaken. The material used was tissue from experimental and human glomerulonephritis. With the direct method, immunoperoxidase was 10 to 30 times more sensitive than immunofluorescence. However, the sensitivities became equivalent if the level of the labeling in immunofluorescence was equal to or superior to 6. In the indirect method, the sensitivity of the immunoperoxidase technique was one to ten-fold greater than with immunofluorescence. PMID- 1103717 TI - The biology of isolated immunocytes. I. Isolation into a closed liquid microchamber: application to PFC. AB - Biological properties of isolated immunocytes directly involved in an immune response such as plaque forming cells may be studied in a closed liquid microchamber. Furthermore the selected cells can be cultured for over three days; immunocytological treatments of these cells permit also their characterization by electron microscopy. PMID- 1103718 TI - Spontaneous antinuclear autoimmunisation in Swan and nude mice: comparative study. AB - Spontaneous antinuclear autoimmunisation in both Swan and Nude mice seems due to a disparition of the T cell immunosuppressive function. Swan mice show a progressive diminution of thymic function, and thus T cell activity, with age; wherease Nude mice are congenitally lacking in a thymus and thus in T cells. Both strains of mice develop deposits of immunoglobulin in the glomerular membrane and the Swan mice have such deposits at the dermoepidermal junction. The antinuclear autoimmunity of the two strains of mice differs in that the number of Swan mice with detectable titres increases with age until, at 40 weeks, all the mice are positive, whereas the number of Nude mice positive at a young age rarely increase until the time of death. The antibodies produced by the Swan mice may be of any of the major immunoglobulin classes, whereas those produced by Nude mice are nearly always IgM. PMID- 1103719 TI - Stimulation by haptenic Salmonella polysaccharides of murine and rabbit lymphocytes. AB - The Freeman polysaccharide - the hapten of lipopolysaccharide - induced a blast transformation of mouse and rabbit spleen lymphocytes. The magnitude of the response in rabbit was quite similar to that obtained by lipopolysaccharide whereas in mice it was weaker. The stimulation of lymphocytes of both species did not require the presence of macrophages. Similar results were obtained with four LPS and their correspondent haptens prepared from S. typhi-murium, S. abortus equi, S. johannesburg R+ and R-. PMID- 1103720 TI - Spontaneous development of plaque-forming cells against sheep erythrocytes by mouse peritoneal cells in culture. AB - If cultured over 10 days, peritoneal cells from different strains-CBA/J, C3H, C57B1, DBA/2, Balb/C, NZB and congenitally athymic Nude (Nu+/Nu+), fifth backcross generation with Balb/C-of unimmunized mice developed high numbers of plaque-forming cells against sheep erythrocytes (up to 13 per cent of the recovered viable cells at day 6) without being triggered by antigen. Plaque forming cells could be demonstrated by all methods of local hemolysis (agarose, liquid medium, CMC). This capacity increase with the age of the donor mice. The phenomenon is immunological, as plaque formation could be inhibited by specific anti-mouse IgM serum and is complement-dependent. It also displays immunological specificity: the erythrocytes from sheep, goat, cow, which cross react when tested in the classical mouse immune spleen cells system, give hemolysis plaques with cultured mouse peritoneal cells, while horse, rabbit rat erythrocytes, non cross reacting with sheep erythrocytes in the classical immune systems, give no plaques with peritoneal cells. The removal of cells adherent to glass does not diminish the ability of the peritoneal cell population to form plaques against sheep erythrocytes. These results suggest that peritoneal lymphocytes constitute a highly specialized population of already programmed cells which become derepressed when removed from their natural environment and exposed to cell culture conditions. PMID- 1103721 TI - Six years of the International Union of Immunological Societies. Presidential report, Brighton 1974. PMID- 1103723 TI - Stability of amphotericin B in fungal culture media. AB - We have found that amphotericin B is unstable in two commonly employed fungal culture media. This instability leads to inaccuracies in determining the actual level of susceptibility of slow-growing strains that require prolonged incubation for growth. To help compensate for this problem, we have described two rapid methods of susceptibility testing. PMID- 1103722 TI - [Comparative clinical pharmacology of gentamicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin]. AB - Using a randomized crossover design involving 12 normal subjects, we studied comparatively the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of three aminoglycoside antibiotics, gentamicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin. Serum concentrations were determined during 8 h and the urine recovery rate was determined within 24 h after a 1-h intravenous infusion of the respective antibiotic in a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight. Microbiological assay was performed with the agar diffusion test (Bacillus subtilis); pharmacokinetic calculations were performed by means of a digital computer on the basis of a mathematical model of an open, two compartment system. Of the three antibiotics studied, gentamicin showed the lowest concentration in serum after termination of the 1-h infusion (3.85 +/- 0.67 mug/ml), and the serum-regression curve steadily lay below those of the two other antibiotics. Sisomicin had the highest serum concentrations (4,66 +/- 1.24 mug/ml) and the serum-level curve exceeded that of the two other antibiotics. Tobramycin occupied a position between sisomicin and gentamicin in form of its serum level characteristics. Corresponding to the serum kinetics we also found slight differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters, especially in serum half lives, elimination constants, and areas under the serum level curves. The test of liver and kidney functions and the hematological systems, as well as the function of the stato-acusticus nerve, showed no pathological changes by any of the three antibiotics tested. PMID- 1103724 TI - Prospective comparative study of variable dosage and variable frequency regimens for administration of gentamicin. AB - In patients with impaired renal function, careful adjustment of gentamicin dosage is required to achieve therapeutic yet nontoxic concentrations. Two regimens that differ in pharmacodynamic characteristics have been recommended for this purpose: prolonging the intervals between administration of equal doses (variable frequency regimen [VFR]) or administering a loading dose followed at the usual intervals by reduced maintenance doses (variable dosage regimen [VDR]). These regimens were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 20 seriously ill hospitalized patients, 10 on VFR and 10 on VDR. Wide variability in peak serum levels of gentamicin was observed both between patients and in individual patients after separate injections of the same dosage. As predicted by the design of these regimens, the trough serum levels of gentamicin correlated significantly with the serum creatinine concentrations in patients on the VDR but not in patients on the VFR. A gentamicin trough level of >/=4 mug/ml was the only variable among those tested that correlated significantly with development or progression of renal insufficiency during treatment with gentamicin, but such trough levels were observed frequently on both regimens. Whereas this study does not permit a direct comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of VDR and VFR, no difference in the risk of nephrotoxicity with these regimens was observed. PMID- 1103725 TI - Chloramphenicol binding site with analogues of chloramphenicol and puromycin. AB - The effect of a series of puromycin analogues and aminoacyl chloramphenicol derivatives on poly(U,C)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis in an Escherichia coli cell-free system was examined. A comparison between the structures and activities of the puromycin and chloramphenicol analogues was made to examine the proposal that ribosomal binding sites for both antibiotics overlap. Our results suggest that the dichloroacetamido group in the chloramphenicol molecule does not correspond to the role of the aminoacyl moieties of either puromycin or aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid. These results comparing the structures and activities of puromycin and chloramphenicol analogues also seem inconsistent with a common binding site for the p-substituted phenyl moieties of the two antibiotics. Previous data have indicated that both sites are mutually affected by the prior binding of either antibiotic. Although it is possible that chloramphenicol and puromycin may have overlapping bindings sites, no common structural features between the two antibiotics are supported by our data. PMID- 1103726 TI - Tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from hospital patients. AB - Hospital isolates of Escherichia coli resistant to tetracycline (TC) were studied to identify mechanisms which regulate TC resistance levels and ability to transfer TC resistance. Antibiotic resistance patterns, resistance levels to TC, and ability to transfer TC resistance were determined for the isolates. Similar data were obtained for the transferable plasmids after transfer to several new host strains of E. coli. Of the 110 isolates, 50% were able to transfer TC resistance by conjugation. There was a nearly linear relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TC for the hospital strains and the percentage of strains at a given MIC that could transfer TC resistance. The strains that were simultaneously resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and ampicillin had relatively high MICs of TC and high ability to transfer TC resistance. These results and surveys of TC-resistant E. coli by others suggest that TC resistance levels and transmissibility may be influenced by other resistance markers. The isolates which did not transfer TC resistance by conjugation were tested for the presence of TC resistance plasmids by mobilization or by transformation with deoxyribonucleic acid from the isolates. Evidence for plasmid-mediated TC resistance was found in 92 (84%) of the 110 hospital strains. PMID- 1103727 TI - Change in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli carrying the thermosensitive drug resistance factor, Rts 1, at the nonpermissive temperature. AB - Escherichia coli, harboring the temperature-sensitive drug-resistant factor Rts 1, formed filaments on solid medium at the nonpermissive temperature (42 C). In addition, the rate of adsorption of T4D phage progressively decreased during growth at 42 C. Susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics increased suggesting that the permeability barrier to these antibiotics may be disrupted at the nonpermissive temperature. These observations were interpreted to suggest that the target of the temperature-sensitive Rts 1 gene product responsible for altering host growth may be the cell envelope. PMID- 1103728 TI - Enumeration of high numbers of bacteria using hydrophobic grid-membrane filters. AB - Printing a wax grid on a conventional membrane filter yields a device functioning as a most probable number apparatus (MPN), used at a single dilution but with a very large number of growth compartments (e.g., 3,650). By restraining the lateral spread and confluence of colonies, the hydrophobic grid-membrane filter (HGMF) allows growth- or colony-forming units (GU) to be resolved at levels far above those which produce an uncountable lawn on a conventional membrane filter. It also eliminates the size variation of normal bacterial colonies. As a result, the HGMF can give more accurate estimates of the concentration of GU. The method by which grid-cell count observations can be used to obtain MPN estimates of the number of GUs is described, and estimates obtained using the MPN method on the HGMF are compared with those resulting from conventional colony count procedures on membrane filters. A linear relation was observed between MPNGU and the number of GUs, at levels up to 30,000 GUs, for pure cultures of bacteria and for samples of natural waters. The HGMF has great potential for reducing the labor required in quantitative microbiology, since it allows, with one filter, enumeration of microorganisms over a very large concentration range and therefore reduces the need to make dilutions. PMID- 1103730 TI - Evaluation of a semiautomated system for direct fluorescent antibody detection of salmonellae. AB - A semi-automatic system under development by Aerojet Medical and Biological Systems for the direct fluorescent antibody detection of salmonellae was evaluated with various food, feed, and environmental samples. All samples were simultaneously examined by Automated Bioassay System (ABS), manual direct fluorescent antibody procedures and cultural procedures. The ABS gave satisfactory results with the processed samples. It detected all of the culturally positive powdered egg and candy samples with no false-negative results and gave only 6.6 and 5.3% false-positive rates, respectively. With meatmeal samples the ABS failed to detect one culturally positive specimen that was also positive by manual fluorescent antibody and gave one (1.1%) false-positive result. A high rate of false-negative results was obtained by ABS on unprocessed samples of creek water, poultry, and sausage. Adding another enrichment step to the protocol reduced the false-negative rate considerably but severely increased the false-positive rate. The instruments worked reasonably well, but research is needed to improve enrichment procedures for samples to be processed by the system. PMID- 1103729 TI - Effects of an antibacterial soap on the ecology of aerobic bacterial flora of human skin. AB - The effects of ad lib use of an antibacterial soap containing 1.0% trichlorocarbanilide and 0.5% trifluoromethyldichlorocarbanilide on the bacterial flora of six skin sites of 132 subjects were measured by comparison with the flora of 93 control subjects who avoided the use of topical antibacterials. Each subject was examined once. The test soap produced significant reductions in geometric mean counts of the total aerobic flora on the back, chest, forearm, calf, and foot; counts were also reduced in the axilla, but not to a significant extent. The overall reduction by the test soap on all sites was 62% (P less than 0.001). Neither age nor sex influenced the effect of the soap on the flora. The antibacterial soap also reduced the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin, mostly by virtually eliminating it from areas other than the axilla. Partial inhibition of the gram-positive flora was not accompanied by an increase in gram-negative species. The latter were found principally in the axilla; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes were the species most frequently found. PMID- 1103731 TI - Gas chromatographic presumptive test for coliform bacteria in water. AB - A gas chromatographic procedure which shows promise as a presumptive test for coliform bacteria in water is described. Total coliform bacteria concentrations were determined from the incubation times at 37 C required for ethanol to be produced. Fecal coliform densities were determined in a similar manner at 44.5 C. The culture medium was filter sterilized M-9 salts supplemented with 1% lactose, 0.1% Casamino Acids, and 0.1% yeast extract. Best results were obtained when the initial total coliform concentrations were 5 per ml or higher and when fecal coliform concentrations were 50 per ml or higher. Minimum detection times at these concentrations were 9 and 12 h, respectively. PMID- 1103732 TI - Evaluation of excitation light sources for incident immunofluorescence microscopy. AB - A variety of fluorescent excitation light sources were compared using a standard fluorescein solution or a bacterial conjugate with immunofluorescent microscopy. Quantitative data were obtained with microscope photometric apparatus. Both the quantitative data and comparative conjugate titering suggest that the 450-W xenon arc excited significantly more fluorescence than did the more commonly used 250-W mercury arc or the 100-W halogen lamp. The conjugate could be diluted 4 to 32 times more using the 450-W xenon. Additional advantages of 450-W xenon excitation include sufficient energy of wave lengths between 470 to 490 mm, thus permitting narrow-band excitation resulting in less autofluorescence and the ability to perform fluorescent-antibody procedures without the darkening of ambient room light. PMID- 1103733 TI - Autoradiography and immunofluorescence combined for autecological study of single cell activity with Nitrobacter as a model system. AB - Specific detection of a particular bacterium by immunofluorescence was combined with estimation of its metabolic activity by autoradiography. The nitrifying bacteria Nitrobacter agilis and N. winogradskyi were used as a model system. Nitrobacter were incubated with NaH14CO3 and 14CO2 prior to study. The same preparations made for autoradiograms were stained with fluorescent antibodies specific for the Nitrobacter species. Examination by epifluorescence and transmitted dark-field microscopy revealed Nitrobacter cells with and without associated silver grains. Direct detection and simultaneous evaluation of metabolic activity of Nitrobacter was demonstrated in pure cultures, in a simple mixed culture, and in a natural soil. PMID- 1103734 TI - Optimum membrane structures for growth of coliform and fecal coliform organisms. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum membrane filter structure and characteristics for recovery of coliform organisms. Additionally, other factors such as sterilization method and membrane composition were examined. Fecal coliform growth tests with varied samples indicated that the most critical factor in recovery was surface pore morphology and not other factors previously suspected. Fecal coliform counts showed a dramatic increase, with increasing surface opening sizes. Membrane structures with surface openings large enough to surround the entrapped bacteria are required for optimum growth of fecal coliform organisms. Maximum fecal coliform recoveries are obtained using membranes composed of mixed esters of cellulose exhibiting a surface opening diameter of 2.4 mum and a retention pore size of 0.7 mum. PMID- 1103735 TI - Comparison of the new millipore HC with conventional membrane filters for the enumeration of fecal coliform bacteria. AB - Fecal coliform recoveries were determined for six types of membrane filters using 65 nonchlorinated water samples. Results showed that the membranes could be ranked in order of decreasing recovery as follows: Millipore HC greater than Gelman greater than Johns-Manville approximately Sartorius greater than Millipore HA greater than Schleicher & Schuell. PMID- 1103736 TI - Reversible modification of the sulfhydryl groups of Escherichia coli succinic thiokinase with methanethiolating reagents, 5.5'-Dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and ethylmercurithiosalicylate. PMID- 1103737 TI - Inosinic acid 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli: purification by affinity chromatography and some properties. PMID- 1103738 TI - Bacteriophage lambda induction causes increased production of E. coli lysine transfer RNA. PMID- 1103739 TI - Purification and properties of Escherichia coli coenzyme A-transferase. PMID- 1103740 TI - J-Hydroxybenzoate: polyprenyl transferase and the prenylation of 4-aminobenzoate in mammalian tissues. PMID- 1103741 TI - Escherichia coli coenzyme A-transferase: kinetics, catalytic pathway and structure. PMID- 1103742 TI - Mechanism of action of thrombin on fibrinogen. On the role of the A chain of bovine thrombin in specificity and in differentiating between thrombin and trypsin. PMID- 1103743 TI - Topically applied griseofulvin in prevention and treatment of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. AB - Griseofulvin is not considered effective in treatment of superficial fungal infections. However, when applied topically in organic solvents, the drug appeared in very high concentration in all levels of stratum corneum, and it generally persisted there in measurable amounts for four or more days after a single application. Based on this observation, double-blind experimental prophylactic and therapeutic studies were conducted. Topically applied griseofulvin in alcohol solution was highly effective in preventing experimentally induced Trichophyton mentagraphytes infection, but it had no therapeutic effect once the infection was initiated. Topically administered griseofulvin may prove useful in prevention of recurrences or as an adjunct to therapy in selected cases of superficial fungal infection. PMID- 1103744 TI - Treatment of nocardial mycetoma with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. AB - Two cases of nocardial mycetoma were successfully treated with a mixture of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bacterim). The patient in case 1 showed resistance to treatment with antibiotics and sulfamethoxypyridazine, and the causal agent of the disease could not be isolated. In case 2, bone involvement was seen; the causal agent was N asteroides. No adverse effects of the drug occurred in a period of treatment ranging from three to nine months. PMID- 1103745 TI - DermLit. A year's experience with a computerized literature search service. AB - DermLit is a service providing bibliographies prepared by computer from a file of the four basic English language dermatology journals beginning with January 1969 and including the current issues. An abstract of each article cited is returned with the report. Both the title and the abstract of each article in the file is searched for the word, words, or phrases requested by the user. In the year since DermLit was introduced, more than 1,600 searches have been performed for dermatiologists all over the United States and Canada. The service is used primarily by dermatologists away from the large teaching centers. The topics of the search requests cover the entire field of dermatology. PMID- 1103746 TI - Dermatologists of San Francisco, 1870 to 1920. AB - Although there were relatively few dermatologists in the United States in the years 1870 to 1920, San Francisco was well represented by the nine dermatologists who were active in the city during that time. These included George J. Bucknall, Alfred E. Regensburger, Douglass W. Montgomery, Howard Morrow, Harry E. Alderson, George D. Culver, Ernest D. Chipman, Hiram E. Miller, and Lawrence R. Tuassig. Seven were members of the American Dermatological Association, all but one were active academically, and several rose to great heights in their profession, community, and nation. PMID- 1103747 TI - Neuromuscular disorders in childhood. Old dogmas, new concepts. PMID- 1103748 TI - Cow's milk protein intolerance. Transient food intolerance of infancy. PMID- 1103749 TI - Enteropathogenic Esch. coli gastroenteritis in premature infants and children treated with fosfomycin. AB - Forty-two infants, some premature, with enteropathogenic Esch. coli (EPEC) gastroenteritis were treated with an oral suspension of fosfomycin in a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg per day. After the treatment there were 11 secondary clinical infections (6 reinfections and 5 relapses) which received a second treatment with fosfomycin. In total, 53 treatments were made with fosfomycin and in 92% of the cases there was both clinical and bacteriological cure. 93% of the EPEC strains were sensitive to fosfomycin in vitro, their minimum inhibitory concentrations being less than 64 mug/ml. The concentration of fosfomycin in blood and faeces was assayed by a diffusion plate microbiological method in a group of these children, showing that this antibiotic is partly absorbed and the rest eliminated in the faeces, where its concentration was found to be very high. Tolerance of the product was good, and there were neither toxic nor side effects. PMID- 1103750 TI - Effect of placebo substitution during long-term betamethasone valerate aerosol treatment in asthmatic children. AB - Ten children with severe asthma, who had been well controlled on maintenance betamethasone valerate aerosol for an average of 11 months, were given placebo aerosols without their knowledge. The period of placebo substitution was campared with one 28-day period of betamethasone valerate therapy beforehand, and two 28 day periods afterwards. Symptoms were increased during the placebo period, and patients did not return to their previous well-controlled state until the second month after reinstitution of therapy. Changes in the means of twice-daily peak expiratory flow readings (PEFR) followed the same pattern as changes in symptoms. The exacerbation of asthma which occurred during placebo treatment was accompanied by a widening in the diurnal variation between morning and evening PEFR. In comparison with the previous period, morning PEFR fell by a greater amount than evening PEFR. Standardized running tests suggest an increase in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and in the Exercise Lability Index when the child was receiving only placebo treatment as compared with betamethasone valerate treatment. The trial provided further evidence of the efficacy of betamethasone valerate aerosol in the prophylatic therapy of severe childhood asthma. As 2 of these children were able to discontinue long-term therapy it is unlikely that this drug causes dependency. PMID- 1103751 TI - Plasma digoxin concentrations and urinary excretion during a 'simpler' regimen of infant digitalization. AB - We have measured the plasma concentrations in sick neonates and infants being administered digoxin by a safer regimen. In the presence of normal renal function the plasma concentrations appear to be satisfactory. PMID- 1103752 TI - Proceedings: Tocopherol and anaemia of prematurity. PMID- 1103753 TI - Frusemide in respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Savage, M. O., Wilkinson, A. R., Baum, J. D., Roberton, N. R. C. (1975). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 50, 709. Frusemide in respiratory distress syndrome. The effect of frusemide on urinary volume, urinary sodium excretion, and urinary calcium excretion in 7 premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been studied. The results are compared with similar measurements on 13 infants of comparable gestational age and birthweight with less severe RDS who did not receive frusemide. The effect of frusemide on PaO2 and PaCO2 tensions in 5 infants with RDS was also investigated. Frusemide produced a fourfold increase in urinary volume and a tenfold increase in urinary sodium and urinary calcium excretion compared with the untreated group. It caused no improvement in blood gas tensions. The use of this diuretic for the routine management of RDS cannot be recommended. PMID- 1103754 TI - Inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by betamethasone and three of its esters with dermatological importance. AB - Betamethasone, betamethasone-17-valerate, betamethasone-17-benzoate, and betamethasone-17,21-diproprionate were investigated for their inhbitory action on glucose-beta-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity (pure enzyme from yeast, enzyme from human skin homogenate). Between these four compounds, marked differences were encountered which could not be attributed to the presence of an esterified or unesterified steroid. According to these data it does not seem to be justified to consider betamethasone esters simply as the transport forms of the topically inactive betamethasone but one must consider the betamethasone esters having biochemical actions of their own. PMID- 1103755 TI - Reiter's disease in three boys. AB - Three cases of Reiter's disease occurring in boys under the age of 16 are reported. One of these presented with a Salmonella enteritidis diarrhoea. This conforms to the 'dysenteric' form of Reiter's disease usually seen in Europe and rarely reported in England. Another presented with a monarticular arthritis of the knee, and the third has developed a chronic relapsing erosive arthritis as a result of sexually acquired Reiter's disease--an occurrence not previously reported in this age group. We draw attention to the frequency of diarrhoea in these children and the sex incidence of 1 female to 4--5 males, which agrees more with Reiter's disease of dysenteric origin than that acquired venereally. PMID- 1103756 TI - Comparative evaluation of pancreas transplantation techniques. AB - Three operative techniques for pancreatic transplantation have been compared: pancreaticoduodenal, pancreatic duct-jejunostomy and pancreatic duct ureterostomy. There were no significant differences in results among these techniques when the autotransplant model was used. The pancreatic duct anastomosis without duodenum probably offers more advantages in the allograft recipient. PMID- 1103757 TI - In situ preservation of cadaver kidneys for transplantation: laboratory observations and clinical application. AB - Many kidneys obtained from cadaver donors undergoing sudden cardiac arrest cannot be transplanted due to the long periods of warm ischemia from the moment of arrest to nephrectomy. A double-ballon-triple-lumen catheter for the rapid in situ preservation of cadaver kidneys has been designed. Used in combination with equipment routinely found in any hospital, it can cool human kidneys in situ to 10-15 C and maintain this temperature until nephrectomy can be performed. Kidenys preserved with this catheter have functioned after transplantation into suitable recipients. This report describes the design and laboratory evaluation of this new device, its clinical effectiveness and technique of insertion. PMID- 1103758 TI - Posterior subcapsular cataracts: posttransplantation in children. AB - Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) were noted in 41 of 69 (60%) recipients of renal allografts. The PSC were noted during the first posttransplant year (Group 1) in 21 (30%) recipients and after the first posttransplant (Group 2) year in 20 (30%) recipients. The dosage of prednisone during the first posttransplant year corrected for patient weight showed a significant correlation with the development of PSC during the first posttransplant year. The severity of the PSC were correlated with time of onset and prednisone dosage. Four recipients in Group 1 required cataract extraction to obtain sufficient vision to facilitate school work. PMID- 1103759 TI - The incidence and management of pulmonary mycosis in renal allograft patients. AB - A retrospective analysis of 193 renal transplant recipients yielded 15 patients who developed pulmonary mycosis posttransplantation and one case in which mycotic lung infection existed at the time of transplant surgery. Agent responsible for infection included Nocardia asteroides in 8 cases, Asperigillus flavus in 5 cases, Cryptococcus neoformans in 4 patients and Candida albicans in 2 cases. Two cases had mixed mycotic infections. Ten patients died, of which 7 had diagnosis established antemortem. Two cases had diagnosis established by thoracotomy and 1 case by transtracheal aspiration. Problems in establishing accurate diagnosis are discussed with emphasis placed on the need for more frequent use of transtracheal aspiration and thoracotomy for precise diagnosis. PMID- 1103761 TI - Congenital duodenal diaphragms in adults: a delayed cause of intestinal obstruction. AB - Congenital duodenal diaphragms in the adult are uncommon, unsuspected lesions that infrequently cause intestinal obstruction. The diaphragms may be single or multiple and are usually located near the ampulla of Vater. Three cases are summarized and the recent literature reviewed. At least 35 cases have been reported. Treatment most often consisted of duodenotomy,excision of the web and duodenal closure. PMID- 1103763 TI - Acceptable size of the pulmonary valve ring in congenital cardiac defects. AB - Because congenital defects are being corrected at progressively younger ages, knowledge of the normal sizes of cardiac orifices and their acceptable limits is becoming increasingly important. A graphically corrected table of normal children's heights and pulmonary artery diameters is given. In addition, reasons are presented for the belief that a decrease in the cross-sectional area of up to 50% of normal may be considered acceptable during corrective procedures; in light of present knowledge any further decrease in cross-sectional area, in particular below 25% of normal, should probably not be left uncorrected. PMID- 1103762 TI - Pancreaticoduodenal preservation by hypothermic pulsatile perfusion for twenty four hours. AB - Pancreaticoduodenal grafts remained viable after transplantation only if a modified plasma perfusate with high osmolarity was used during the 24 hours of preservation. When regular plasma perfusate was used during the pancreaticoduodenal preservation, irreversible damage resulted, and all dogs died of ischemie or vascular changes in the first few days after transplantation. PMID- 1103764 TI - The effect of microinjections of morphine and haloperidol into the neostriatum and the nucleus accumbens on self-stimulation behaviour. AB - The effect of stereotaxic injections of morphine and haloperidol via permanently implanted cannulas into the neostriatum, the nucleus accumbens or the ventricular system was studied on self-stimulation behaviour of rats with electrodes implanted into the ventral tegmentum. The self-stimulation rate was depressed by injections of haloperidol into the neostriatum or into the nucleus accumbens. Unilateral injections of haloperidol into the neostriatum depressed the self stimulation rate either with applications ipsilateral to the electrode or contralateral to the electrode. Bilateral applications of haloperidol into the neostriatum (2 X 2.5 mug) were more effective as unilateral applications (5 mug) and were more effective as applications into the ventricular system (5 mug). Morphine had a strong depressant action on self-stimulation when applied into the ventricular system and was ineffective when applied into the neostriatum. It is concluded that these results do not favour the hypothesis that morphine interferes with dopaminergic transmission with the neostriatum. PMID- 1103760 TI - Biliary cysts. AB - This review brings the total number of biliary cysts reported in the world literature to 955. Eighty-one per cent of patients are females and 61% were discovered before age ten. The classical triad of right upper quadrant pain, right upper quandrant mass, and juandice is present in 38% of cases. The duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis ranged from less than one week to more than 40 years. The etiology is multifaceted and evidence of the existence of both acquired and congenital cysts is presented. The most useful diagnostic tool is fiberoptic endoscopy with retrograde contrast injection of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. The incidence of biliary carcinoma in patients with biliary cysts is found to be 2.5%; 24 cases have been reported. Considerable controversy has existed concerning the best operative procedure for biliary cysts; no treatment or medical treatment yielding a 97% mortality rate. In an analysis of 235 patients presented since 1968 with an average followup of 5.2 years, the best procedure appears to be excision with either choledochocholedocostomy or Roux-en Y hepaticojejunostomy. The operative mortality for all procedures is now 3 to 4%. PMID- 1103765 TI - Clinical experience with naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A total of 42 patients participated in three controlled clinical trials, each of different design, to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of naproxen in the treatment of rheumatodi arthritis. First, a double-blind comparison of aspirin and naproxen was made in 24 patients. As judged by objective and subjective measurements of disease activity, naproxen was at least as effective as aspirin and the incidence of severity of side effects were less with naproxen than with aspirin. Second, the safety and efficacy of naproxen administration was followed in 42 patients for up to two years. Third, the continued efficacy of naproxen during these two years was tested by interspersing a short period of double-blind placebo administration for some patients. The observations made in this clinical study suggest that naproxen is an effective and well-tolerated drug in the long term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1103766 TI - Recognition of streptococcal pharyngitis in adults. AB - In order to devise a strategy for the management of acute pharyngitis, the clinical features of 418 adults with sore throat were noted and throat cultures were obtained. Patients with cultures positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci had a significantly higher (P less than or equal to .01) frequency of recent exposure to streptococcal infection, pharyngeal exudate, enlarged or tender cervical nodes, and high fever (greater than or equal to 38.3 C [101 F]. Patients with negative cultures complained more frequently of cough. On the basis of these symptoms and signs, a clinical algorithm was developed and discriminant function scores were computed that identify patient populations with different probabilities of having streptococcal pharyngitis. The patients with moderate and high probabilities included 91% of patients with positive cultures but only 67% of the total patient population. These methods could be the basis for more efficient evaluation of adults with sore throat. PMID- 1103767 TI - Aortocoronary vein graft surgery in a cadaver kidney transplant recipient. AB - A case of Prinzmetal angina occurred in a recipient of a cadaver kidney transplant who was treated with aortocoronary vein graft. The patient had severe retrosternal chest pain associated with ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads. Coronary arteriograms disclosed two major lesions in the proximal anterior descending artery. Aortocoronary vein graft was successfully performed with no untoward effect on the renal status. The patient has been free of angina approximately two years postoperatively. PMID- 1103768 TI - Experimental investigation of the bound dissipation function: change of the psi u function during the growth of yeast. AB - By means of a microcalorimeter (direct calorimetry) and a Warburg-apparatus (indirect calorimetry) that part of the dissipation of a growing culture of yeast cells which remains irreversible in the cells is determined (psi u). The course of the psi u-function with time correlates with the increase of the specific cell concentration being conditioned by the growth phase of the culture but similar for fermentative and respirative metabolism. PMID- 1103770 TI - [Comparative studies on the significance of the "cornea test" in the diagnosis of rabies]. AB - Foxes that were positive by the fluorescent antibody test on brain were also positive by the corneal test. The corneal test gave a false-negative results only when the specimen was in a macerated state. Out of 133 foxes in which rabies virus was demonstrated in the optic nerve by animal inoculation, only one was negative to the corneal test - this may have been a case of centripetal spread of the infection which was examined at a stage when virus was present in the optic nerve but not in the cornea or the brain. Hence it is possible that the virus may be absent from the cornea. False-positive results seem unlikely to occur, for only one fox was negative upon inoculation of animals with optic nerve and vitreous humour, while the fluorescent antibody test of corneal cells was positive. Animal tests revealed virus inhibitors in the vitreous humour of this animal. All the other cornea-test positive foxes were also positive in tests on brain, lacrimal gland and optic nerve. PMID- 1103769 TI - Characterization of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - Thirty-three strains of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata have been studied in order to develop a more comprehensive characterization of the species. On the basis of morphological, nutritional, physiological and other properties, the characteristics of an "ideal biotype" have been defined, which can be used to distinguish Rps. capsulata from similar purple bacteria. In this connection, two properties of Rps. capsulata are of particular note: a) sensitivity to penicillin G is 10(3)-10(5) times greater than that shown by closely related species, and b) all strains examined are susceptible to lysis by one or more strains of host species-specific virulent bacteriophages. It appears that members of the species Rps. capsulata form a stringent taxonomic grouping. PMID- 1103771 TI - [Immuno-prevention of coli infections in swine using live vaccine. 1. Use in coli infections during the 1st days of life]. AB - Live vaccine prepared from streptomycin-dependent mutants of E. coli was well tolerated in various doses and at various times of administration, for there were no adverse reactions. There was no evidence of reversion to a virulent form. Efficacy was closely related to frequency of application of the vaccine. Vaccination must be performed as early as possible to immunize against infection during the first few days of life. It was possible to confer protection against the diarrhoea that occurs at 3-4 weeks of age. The use of an oral vaccine under intensive husbandry systems was shown to be safe. When the piglets were kept in cages, the vaccine could be administered in the existing mixing tanks for water supply, without the need for special equipment. Oral immunization of pigs already infected or already ill did not aggravate the existing infection, whether the animals were housed individually or in pens. Because of the dilution effect of the mixing tank and water supply pipes, the dose of vaccine, given on ten successive days, should be calculated at 10(9) organisms of the E. coli mutant per animal. This should supply a number close to the desired bacterial count of 10(10) organisms per animal daily. Immunization significantly reduced the frequency of gastrointestinal diseases during the first three weeks of age in piglets. PMID- 1103772 TI - [Toxicity of S-, R- and M-forms of enteropathogenic E. coli O149:K91:H10]. AB - Toxicity of freeze-dried lysates of the organism for unweaned mice (3-4 days old) increased in the order:smooth-mucoid-rough. The toxicity was neutralized by mixing the toxin with immune serum of group O149. All toxins of the smooth, rough and mucoid variants of the Escherichia coli strain possessed hypersensitivity, skin necrosis, abortion and diarrhoea factors, which could be partly or completely neutralized by binding with homologous immune serum. PMID- 1103773 TI - [Detection of pathogenic leptospira in the waste water and sewage sludge of large pig breeding sites]. AB - Sewage effluent and sludge from the purification plant of 8 large piggeries was examined for the presence of pathogenic leptospires. By using the methods of Appelman and Van Thiel it was found that 43.1% of samples of effluent were contaminated with L. pomona and O. tarassovi. Altogether 33 strains of pomona and three mixed cultures of pomona and tarassovi were obtained. The isolated strains were shown to be pathogenic by experimental infection of guinea-pigs, rabbits and pregnant and non-pregnant sows. The average period of survival of pathogenic leptospires in sewage effluent was 24 to 48 hours, with a maximum of 96 hours. Leptospires were killed within 24 hours in decanted sludge, owing to its strong acidity. PMID- 1103774 TI - [Relapsing parotitis: onset of Sjogren's syndrome]. AB - Report of a case of lymphocytic parotitis associated with important inflammatory syndrome, anti-salivary antibodies and rheumatoid factor. The study of the cases of literature suggests that it might be the mode of onset of a Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 1103775 TI - [Paraneoplastic precocious puberty in a child. Mediastinal teratoma with chorionic gonadotropin secretion]. AB - A case of precocious puberty in a 5-years old boy with a rapid increase of androgens, small testes, a high level of urinary bioassayable gonadotrophins, but no response of pituitary gonadotrophins of LH-RH injection. The cause was a mediastinal teratoma secreting chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG and beta subunit). PMID- 1103776 TI - [Proceedings: Ocular localizations during Candida albicans septicemia in children]. PMID- 1103777 TI - [The Lublin Medical Society, 1874-1951. The 100th anniversary of its foundation]. PMID- 1103778 TI - [History of Polish-Soviet relations in the field of medicine (1918-1939)]. PMID- 1103779 TI - [The threat of malaria in the Kingdom of Poland in the 19th century]. PMID- 1103780 TI - [Pharmaceutical and sanitary supplies and facilities in the concentration camps of Oswiecim-Brzezinka in 1940-1945]. PMID- 1103781 TI - [Medicine in Plock 100 years ago]. PMID- 1103782 TI - [Medical clinics in Cracow in the years 1823-1850]. PMID- 1103783 TI - [3d edition of Vitellion's Optics in 1572 in the light of unfavorable comments]. PMID- 1103784 TI - [Leon Unicki--physician, writer and moralist]. PMID- 1103785 TI - [Deontological recommendations contained in Franciszek Xawery Ryszkowski's work entitled The Natural Condition of a Healthy Man]. PMID- 1103786 TI - [Teaching of the history of medicine in the USSR]. PMID- 1103787 TI - [The 40th anniversary of Prof. Antoni Gluzinski's death (1856-1935)]. PMID- 1103788 TI - [Associate Professor Danuta Laskowska]. PMID- 1103789 TI - Transsexualism in history. PMID- 1103790 TI - Accelerated human renal allograft rejection. AB - A series of 125 renal transplants were analyzed in order to ascertain the characteristics of accelerated allograft rejection. An intense accelerated rejection could be identified within the first five days in 12 of 67 transplants (18%) with good immediate renal function. Accelerated rejection differed from the usual acute rejection reaction by higher fever, increased duration and intensity of the rejection, and increased difficulty in reversing the reaction. Accelerated rejection was reversible and associated with satisfactory renal function one year posttransplant in 58% of patients. Lymphocytotoxic and heterophil antibodies in preoperative serum and eluates of removed kidneys were not present. Contrary to recent reports, accelerated renal allograft rejection is a potentially reversible process and not necessarily due to humoral antibody presensitization. PMID- 1103791 TI - Radical surgical debridement in the treatment of advanced generalized bacterial peritonitis. PMID- 1103792 TI - Gallium citrate Ga 67 imaging in patients with suspected inflammatory processes. PMID- 1103793 TI - The time in which we dwell. PMID- 1103794 TI - [Mikhail Arkad'evich Baron (1904-1974)]. PMID- 1103795 TI - [Methodological peculiarities of the preliminary preparation of the thyroid gland for histochemical and electron microscopic study]. AB - Cryostate sections of tissues preliminarily frozen in benzine cooled with liquid nitrogen are recommended for use in a histological for use in a histological and histoenzymological study of the thyroid gland. In electron microscopic study the thyroid gland should be fixed by injection of a 4% solution of glutaraldehyde on a 0,075M cacodilate buffer immediately into the thyroid parenchyma. PMID- 1103796 TI - [Mikhail Grigor'evich Prives (on his 70th birthday and the 50th anniversary of his scientific, pedagogic and public activities)]. PMID- 1103797 TI - [Serafim Aleksandrovich Predtechenskii (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1103798 TI - [Mikhail Ivanovich Lebedev (on the 40th anniversary of his scientific and pedagogical activities)]. PMID- 1103799 TI - [Ultrastructural bases for the postnatal development of the capillaries]. AB - The work has been devoted to establishment of main regularities in the process of developmental reconstruction of the ultrastructure of blood capillaries. The objects of the study were the capillaries of the heart, adrenals, exo- and endocrinous portions of the pancreas of Balb white mice of the following age groups: new-borns, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, and 90-day old mice. It has been established that the structural organization of capillaries is not completed by birth-time and actively proceeds during early postnatal ontogenesis. Thickening of the endothelium cytoplasm, high activity of the synthesis organells, imperfectness of intercellular contacts etc., registrated against the background of a decreased transport function of the endothelium represent a common rule for capillaries of newly born animals. In the process of differentiation of organs the synthetic potencies of cells were found to decrease and the motor activity of the endothelium to increase; the developmental reconstruction of capillaries had organic specificity and correlated with processes of development of working structures of the organ. PMID- 1103800 TI - [Experimental study of the regenerative potentialities of the cardiac and somatic musculatures]. AB - In rats a portion of the cardiac wall was ablated, auto-, homo- and heterotransplantation of the myocardium into somatic muscles of the femur was made and somatic muscles were autotransplanted into the heart wall. The material was treated by general histological and histochemical methods. Spindle-shaped "cardiac myoblasts" were formed of muscle fibres of the wound sites remote from sutures, polygonal "intermediate" cells often disposed in the shape of epithelioid strands were formed closer to sutures as well as in auto- and homotransplants. In heterotransplants and wound portions near sutures degenerating cells were prevailing. Regenerative processes manifested themselves in the wound and myocardium transplants as mitoses of cardiac muscular nuclei, formation of "cardiac myoblasts" and "intermediate" cells, mitotically dividing. However, no secondary differentiation occurred. When autotransplanting somatic muscles in the cardiac wall, unlike myocardium transplants, there occurred seondary differentiation of myoblasts and myosymplasts with formation of muscular fibres. In later terms muscular elements of transplants died and at the site of wound a scar was formed. PMID- 1103801 TI - [Functional state of the human adrenals according to morphological analysis data and some remarks on the method of studying them]. AB - When studying the morphology of the adrenals sufficiently exact criteria for their evaluation are necessary. Some of them may be obtained from complex macro- and microscopical investigations with the use of biometry and mathematical statistics. The work analyzes macroscopical (weight, volume, specific gravity) and microscopical (qualitative -- plethora, content of lipids, foci of cytolysis, mosaity etc. and quantitative -- absolute and relative dimensions of zones, cyto- and karyometry, interrelationship of zones, their relationship with KNP as a whole) data. On their grounds the estimation of the functional state of the adrenal cortex is made depending on the mechanism and causes of death as well as on duration of the disease. PMID- 1103802 TI - "Ditch fever" in the Salt River Valley. Dry Gulch Jake. (Earle Wood Phillips). PMID- 1103803 TI - [Cerebral actinomycosis. Anatomo-clinical case report and review of the Brazilian literature]. AB - A case of central nervous system actinomycosis is reported. A 33-year-old male complained of headache, vomiting and blurred vision lasting for eight days prior to admission. On examination, a right hemiparesis, as well an intracranial hypertension were detected. The cerebrospinal fluid showed mild lymphomononuclear hypercytosis. Necropsy disclosed three abscess in the cerebral hemispheres, in addition to moderate cerebral edema on the left side but without purulent leptomeningitis. Actinomyces filaments and granules were demonstrated in the cerebral and lung abscessess. The Brazilian literature on actinomycosis is reviewed and six published cases with nervous system involvement were found. Relevant clinical and anatomical aspects of the cases and of the present one are discussed. PMID- 1103804 TI - [Prognosis of neurotic patients under ambulatory care]. AB - The prognosis of neurotic patients followed on a outpatient service was determined by calculation of probabilities of "improvement", "worsening" or "lack of changes" on successive examinations. These criteria were established for evaluation of 157 patients, 20 to 59 years old, who entered the study during a 12 month observation period. PMID- 1103805 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of enameloid and dentine in fish teeth. PMID- 1103806 TI - The diagnosis and management of keratomycoses. II. Medical and surgical management. AB - Medical management of 61 cases of mycotic keratitis, including the use of natamycin (pimaricine) in 53 cases, resulted in successful healing in 46 cases. A final visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 25 cases by medical therapy alone. Thirteen cases were considered medical treatment failures, and 11 necessitated therapeutic surgery. A final visual acuity of 20/70 or better was achieved in six of these cases, including five of nine therapeutic penetrating keratoplasties. In four cases, ulceration had progressed despite natamycin treatment, but fungal cultures were negative at the time of therapeutic surgery. PMID- 1103807 TI - Scleral strength impairment and recovery after diathermy. AB - Compression force rupture experiments were conducted in dog eyes at varying time intervals after scleral diathermy to determine the time variable of scleral weakening and recovery. The sclera was weakened immediately after the diathermy, and there was progressive further weakening for three weeks and then gradual partial recovery to 60% of control eye strength at eight months, at which point the experiment was terminated. PMID- 1103808 TI - [Bone tumours in the hip region (author's transl)]. AB - 13 Patients with bone tumours in the hip region are presented. The frequent misinterpretation auf tumours in this locality and the faulty use of diagnostic possibilities are stressed. The use of homoioplastic transplantation after a large resection is presented as a therapeutic method for discussion. PMID- 1103809 TI - [Therapy for ruptures of the rotator cuff of the shoulder (author's transl)]. AB - The authors discuss the indication and various methods of repair of the rotator cuff tear. The results in 24 patients are evaluated with respect to postoperative pain and function. PMID- 1103810 TI - [Ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - Ruptures of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament are rare among injuries of the extensor mechanism of the knee when compared to fractures of the patella. 39 cases of which 31 were re-examined are being discussed with regard to therapy and results. According to our findings, ruptures of the extensor mechanism are not exclusively an injury of higher age groups. Predisposing factors for ruptures of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament are preexisting disease or posttraumatic sequelae. Fresh or old injuries require different operative technics. Usually, fresh ruptures can be repaired by end-to-end sutures. Old injuries require plastic procedures. Different technics are being described. Postoperatively, cast fixation is mandatory. The post-operative period of remobilisation is largely depend upon preexisting degenerative joint changes as are the post-operative results. A significant increase in post-operative osteoarthritis did not occur. Early degenerative changes in the femoro-patellar joint as seen on tangential views by the Settegast technic lead to the conclusion that the operative reconstruction does not always take into consideration the biomechanics of the femoro-patellar articulation. Immediate operative reconstruction of the ruptured extensor mechanism of the knee joint seems mandatory. PMID- 1103811 TI - The Herbert Moran Lecture in Medical History : Moran. PMID- 1103812 TI - Early jaundice after pig liver transplantation. AB - Of a series of pigs surviving orthotopic liver allotransplantation with end-to end anastomosis of the bile duct, 70% were noted to be jaundiced at the end of the first week after transplantation. Seven animals in a subsequent series were investigated biochemically, but operative cholangiography, and by liver biopsy seven days after transplantation, when the jaundice was maximal. There was definite cholangiographic obstruction in only one animal, and this finding was subsequently confirmed at autopsy. This was also the only animal in which bile culture was positive. Jaundiced animals appeared to have more marked histological evidence of rejection than non-jaundiced ones. The jaundice was probably a result of transient rejection and usually resolved spontaneously without immunosuppression. PMID- 1103813 TI - Congenital defects of the nervous system of lambs. AB - Sixty-seven defects of the nervous system of lambs were examined during a 3-year investigation. Thirteen (19.4 percent) were single defects, and 54 (80.6 percent) were associated with defects of other body systems. Twice as many male lambs as females were affected. The various defects were: hydrocephalus 15, spina bifida 9, meningocoele 8, perosomus elumbis 8, cyclopia 6, cerebellar agenesis 3, aprosopia 3, cranium bifidum 3, anencephaly 2, cerebellar fusion 2, meningo encephalocoele 2, congenital ataxia 2, micrencephaly 2, cerebellar hypoplasia 1, and acrania 1. A number of lambs had more than 1 defect of the nervous system. Congenital defects of the nervous system were found in 1.5 percent of the 4,417 lambs autopsied. PMID- 1103814 TI - Spina bifida with syringomyelia and meningocoele in a short-tailed cat. AB - Spina bifida of the proximal coccygeal vertebral column with an associated meningocoele is described in a male, mixed breed, congenitally short-tailed cat. The meningocoele had opened onto the skin of the tail allowing periodic escape of cerebrospinal fluid. Other clinical signs exhibited by the animal were an abnormal hindquarter gait, paralysis of the tail and defective control of urination and defaecation. PMID- 1103815 TI - Obituary: Clarence Roderick Mulhearn, B.V.Sc. PMID- 1103816 TI - An early suggestion of DNA Repair. Effect os sublethal doses of monochromatic ultraviolet radiation on bacteria in liquid suspensions. By Alexander Hollaender and John T. Curtis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 33,61-62(1935). PMID- 1103817 TI - Purifying the Escherichia coli photoreactivating enzyme. PMID- 1103818 TI - Dark repair in bacteriophage systems: overview. PMID- 1103819 TI - The nature of the alkylation lesion in mammalian cells. AB - Methylating agents may produce as many as nine alkylated purine and pyrimidine adducts in DNA, as well as forming phosphotriesters and inducing apurinic sites and strand breaks. Although some of these products are formed in proportionately small amounts, there are sufficient sites affected in the DNA of a mammalian cell to make even the most minor product of potential biological significance. It is not possible to specify the exact reaction sites resulting in biological damage, but it is possible to quantitate the excisiion-repair of such damage both in the bulk of the DNA and at DNA growing points. Excision-repair can be measured in the bulk of the DNA by determining the specific activity of the NaCl eluate of a benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose column of extracts of cells after treatment and incubation in the presence of hydroxyurea and labeled thymidine. The average number of nucleotides inserted per methyl methanesulfonate-induced methyl group is 0.1, per apurinic site is 9. Repair in growing-point regions after methyl methanesulfonate treatment occurs to approximately the same extent as in the bulk of the DNA. PMID- 1103820 TI - Enzymic mechanism of excision-repair in T4-infected cells. AB - Excision of pyrimidine dimers from ultraviolet-irradiated DNA in a cell-free system of Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4 consists of two different steps, one to induce a single-strand break at a point close to a pyrimidine dimer and the other to release dimer-containing nucleotide from the DNA. The enzymes responsible for these steps were isolated and the reactions were characterized; T4 endonuclease V introduces a break at the 5' side of a dimer and 5' in equilibrium 3' exonucleases, which are also induced by T4, act at the break to excise dimer-containing nucleotides. We isolated temperature-dependent v mutants, which exhibit increased sensitivity to UV at 42 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C, and found that the mutants induce temperature-sensitive T4 endonuclease V, indicating that the v gene of T4 is indeed the structural gene for T4 endonuclease V and that the enzyme is responsible for the first step of excision-repair. A possible mechanism of excision-repair in T4-infected cells is discussed. PMID- 1103821 TI - The repair of ultraviolet damage by phage T4: the role of the early phage genes. PMID- 1103822 TI - Recovery of phage lambda from ultraviolet damage. AB - Recovery of phage lambda from ultraviolet damage can occur, in the dark, through three types of repair processes as defined by microbiological tests: (1) host cell reactivation, (2) prophage reactivation, and (3) UV reactivation. This paper reviews the properties of the three repair processes, analyzes their dependence on the functioning of bacterial and phase genes, and discusses their relationship. Progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the three repair processes has been relatively slow, particularly for UV reactivation. It has been shown that host-cell reactivation is due to pyrimidine dimer excision and that prophage reactivation is due to genetic recombination (prereplicative). We provide evidence showing that neither of these mechanisms accounts for UV reactivation of phage lambda. Furthermore, UV reactivation differs from the other repair processes in that it is inducible and error-prone. Whether UV-damaged bacterial DNA is subject to a similar repair process is still an open question. PMID- 1103823 TI - Enzymology of excision-repair in bacteria: overview. PMID- 1103824 TI - The Escherichia coli UV endonuclease (correndonuclease II). AB - An endonuclease from Escherichia coli which acts specificially upon UV-irradiated DNA (correndonuclease II) and is absent from the uvrA and uvrB mutants has been isolated and partially chacterized. The enzyme is present in normal amounts in the urvC mutant. It elutes from phosphocellulose at about 0.25 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.5) and passes through dialysis tubing. The enzyme binds tightly to UV-irradiated DNA but does not bind to unirradiated DNA. The enzyme incises irradiated DNA to the 5' side of a pyrimidine dimer and leaves a 5'-phosphoryl terminus which can be resealed with polynucleotide ligase. The Km of the enzyme is about 1.5 X 10(-8) M dimers. Endonucleolytic activity of the enzyme is inhibited by caffeine with a KI of about 10mM. PMID- 1103825 TI - Endonuclease II of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1103826 TI - An Escherichia coli endonuclease which acts on x-irradiated DNA. PMID- 1103827 TI - The role of DNA polymerase I in excision-repair. AB - The ability of three different DNA polymerase I mutants of Escherichia coli to carry out excision-repair was examined. Strains having the same genetic origin but carrying either the polAl, polA107, resAl, or pol+ alleles were compared. The rate of ultraviolet-induced dimer excision was slightly reduced, relative to that found in Pol+ strains, in the PolAl strains; greatly reduced in the PolA107 strains; and found not to occur in the resAl strain. Ultraviolet-light-induced repair synthesis as determined by the ultraviolet-stimulated incorporation of 3H labeled 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into DNA of the parental density showed that the polAl mutation resulted in an increase in repair replication, while the presence of the polA107 allele caused a reduction in the amount of repair synthesis relative to that of the Pol+ strain. The ResAl strain, however, showed no ultraviolet stimulation of the incorporation of the density label. These observations indicate that DNA polymerase I plays a key role in the excision repair process in E. coli. PMID- 1103828 TI - Involvement of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase-I-associated 5' in equilibrium 3' exonuclease in excision-repair of UV-damaged DNA. AB - From comparative studies between Escherichia coli PolA107 cells (lacking 5' in equilibrium 3' exonucleoytic activity associated with DNA polymerase I) and the isogenic wild-type strain, and between the purified DNA polymerase I preparations isolated from these strains, it can be concluded that the 5' in equilibrium 5' exonuclease is involved in excision of pyrimidine dimers in E. coli. Evidence is presented that the polA107 mutation is located on that part of the DNA polymerase I gene coding for the small fragment on which 5' in equilibrium 3' exonucleolytic activity is found. PMID- 1103829 TI - Exonuclease VII of Escherichia coli. AB - A new exonuclease of Escherichia coli K12, exonuclease VII, has been purified 1700-fold and characterized. The enzyme is specific for single-stranded DNA and can initiated hydrolysis at both 5' and 3' termini. It is also capable of thymine-dimer excision in vitro. The limit products of the reaction are oligonucleotides, predominantly in the range of tetramers to dodecamers. DNA is hydrolyzed by the enzyme in a processive fashion. Mutants of E. coli have been isolated having reduced levels of exonuclease VII activity in crude extracts. Mapping studies place the exonuclease VII locus between 45 and 56 minutes on the E. coli K12 linkage map. PMID- 1103830 TI - Repair replication in permeabilized Escherichia coli. AB - We have examined the modes of DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli strains made permeable to nucleoside triphosphates by treatment with toluene. In this quasi in vitro system, polymerase-I-deficient mutants exhibit a nonconservative mode of synthesis with properties expected for the resynthesis step of excision-repair. This UV-stimulated DNA synthesis can be performed by either DNA polymerase II or III and it also requires the uvrA gene product. It requires the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates; but, in contrast to the semiconservative mode, the ATP requirement can be partially satisfied by other nucleoside triphosphates. The ATP-dependent recBC nuclease is not involved. The observed UV-stimulated mode of DNA synthesis may be part of an alternate excision-repair mechanism which supplements or complements DNA-polymerase-I-dependent repair in vivo. PMID- 1103831 TI - "Excision" of bases from DNA methylated by carcinogens in vivo and its possible significance in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. PMID- 1103832 TI - Requirement for uvrAB function for postirradiation DNA synthesis in vitro. PMID- 1103833 TI - Repair by genetic recombination in bacteria: overview. AB - DNA molecules that have been damaged in both strands at the same level are not subject to repair by excision but instead can be repaired through recombination with homologous molecules. Examples of two-strand damage include postreplication gaps opposite pyrimidine dimers, two-strand breaks produced by X-rays, and chemically induced interstrand cross-links. In ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria, the newly synthesized DNA is of length equal to the interdimer spacing. With continued incubation, this low-molecular-weight DNA is joined into high-molecular weight chains (postreplication repair), a process associated with sister exchanges in bacteria. Recombination is initiated by pyrimidine dimers opposite postreplication gaps and by interstrand cross-links that have been cut by excision enzymes. The free ends at the resulting gaps presumably initiate the exchanges. Postreplication repair in Escherichia coli occurs in recB- AND RECC but is greatly slowed in recF- mutants. RecB and recC are the structural genes for exonuclease V, which digests two-stranded DNA by releasing oligonucleotides first from one strand and then from the other. The postreplication sister exchanges in ultra-violet-irradiated bacteria result in the distribution of pyrimidine dimers between parental and daughter strands, indicating that long exchanges involving both strands of each duplex occur. The R1 restriction endonuclease from E. COli has been used to cut the DNA of a bacterial drug resistance transfer factor with one nuclease-sensitive site, and also DNA from the frog Xenopus enriched for ribosomal 18S and 28S genes. The fragments were annealed with the cut plasmid DNA and ligated, producing a new larger plasmid carrying the eukaryotic rDNA and able to infect and replicate in E. coli. PMID- 1103834 TI - The beginning of an investigation of the role of recF in the pathways of metabolism of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1103835 TI - Repairable damage in DNA: overview. PMID- 1103836 TI - Analysis of temperature-sensitive recB and recC mutations. AB - The in vivo pleiotropic effects associated with the temperature-sensitive recB270 and recC271 mutations have been correlated with the in vitro behavior of the recBC nucleases coded for by these alleles. The ATP-dependent breakdown of double stranded DNA is essential for cell viability, radiation repair, and genetic recombination. Temperature sensitivity can be suppressed in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 1103837 TI - Recombination and postreplication repair. AB - The available data concerning postreplication repair are summarized. In Escherichia coli, recombination is implicated in this repair because the recA+ gene is necessary and because strand exchanges occur that extend over long regions. Other experiments involving phage-induced resistance also point to an interrelation between recombination and repair. In this phenomenon, gene products of lambda bacteriophage are introduced into bacteria, resulting in an increased resistance of the cells when they are subsequently exposed to X rays. PMID- 1103838 TI - Ultraviolet-light-induced incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into parental DNA of an excision-defective mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - Bromodeoxyuridine-containing regions approximately 1.5 X 10(4) Nucleotides in length, and at intervals equivalent to the pyrimidine dimer content of the DNA, have been observed in the parental DNA of an excision-defective strain of Escherichia coli exposed to 10 ergs mm-2 at 254 nm followed by prolonged incubation in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine. PMID- 1103839 TI - Distribution of pyrimidine dimers during postreplication repair in UV-irradiated excision-deficient cells of Escherichia coli K12. AB - During postreplication repair in excision-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli K 12, pyrimidine dimers are gradually lost from UV-irradiated DNA. Our data indicate that dimers are transferred, by a process which may involve genetic exchange, into daughter strands made after irradiation. Dimer transfer appears to continue through several rounds of replication, resulting in the gradual dilution of dimers into successive generations of DNA molecules. PMID- 1103840 TI - Experiments on the filling of daughter-strand gaps during postreplication repair. PMID- 1103841 TI - Postreplication repair gap filling in an Escherichia coli strain deficient in dnaB gene product. AB - Gaps in daughter-strand DNA synthesized after exposure of Escherichia coli E279 to ultraviolet light are filled during reincubation at 30 degrees C for 20 min. Escherichia coli E279 is phenotypically DnaB- when incubated at 43 degrees C. Cells incubated at 43 degrees C were tested for their ability to complete postreplication repair gap filling. It is concluded that the dnaB gene product is essential for postreplication repair gap filling and that the inhibition seen is not initially the result of degradation. PMID- 1103842 TI - Involvement of uvrD, exrA, and recB genes in the control of the postreplicational repair process. PMID- 1103843 TI - Replication and expression of constructed plasmid chimeras in transformed Escherichia coli--a review. AB - EcoRI restriction-endonuclease-generated fragments of bacterial plasmids isolated from Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, or of amplified DNA coding for the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA of Xenopus laevis, have been linked to the pSC101 plasmid replicon and introduced into E. coli by transformation. The constructed plasmid chimeras can be cloned as stable replicons in E. coli, where they synthesize RNA and/or protein products specified by their component genes. PMID- 1103844 TI - Relationships among repair, mutagenesis, and survival: overview. PMID- 1103845 TI - SOS repair hypothesis: phenomenology of an inducible DNA repair which is accompanied by mutagenesis. AB - A hypothesis was proposed several years ago that Escherichia coli posses an inducible DNA repair system ("SOS repair") which is also responsible for induced mutagenesis. Some characteristics of the SOS repair are (1) it is induced or activated following damage to DNA, (2) it requires do novo protein synthesis, (3) It requires several genetic functions of which the best-studied are recA+ and lex+ of E. coli, and (4) the physiological and genetic requirements for the expression of SOS repair are suspiciously similar to those necessary for the prophage induction. The SOS repair hypothesis has already served as the working hypothesis for many experiments, some of which are briefly reviewed. Also, some speculations are presented to stimulate further discussions and experimental tests. PMID- 1103846 TI - Thermal enhancement of ultraviolet mutability in a dnaB uvrA derivative of Escherichia coli B/r: evidence for inducible error-prone repair. AB - DNA damage triggers coordinate expression of a cluster of diverse functions in Escherichia coli, including prophage induction, filamentous growth, and "aberrant" reintiation of DNA replication at the chromosomal origin. The "SOS repair" hypothesis proposes that one of these coordinately inducible functions is an error-prone system of DNA repair ("SOS repair") which is responsible for ultraviolet mutagenesis. In dnaB strains, incubation of 42 degrees C stops DNA synthesis and induces lambda prophage and should, therefore, also induce the postulated error-prone repair activity. Thermal posttreatment of a dnaB urvA derivative of E. coli B/r is found to enhance the yield of ultraviolet-light induced mutations as much as 50-fold, while having no such effect in the dnaB+ parent strain. The results support the SOS repair hypothesis. The possibility is discussed that the inducible repair system is a mutagenic DNA polymerase. PMID- 1103847 TI - IexB: a new gene governing radiation sensitivity and lysogenic induction in Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 1103848 TI - Indirect suppression of radiation sensitivity of a recA- strain of Escherichia coli K12. AB - It has been shown previously that the radiation sensitivity of LexA strains of Escherichia coli K-12 can be suppressed by thermosensitive mutations (designated tsl) that are closely linked to the lexA locus. These are thought to be intragenic suppressors that reduce the activity of the diffusible product that gives rise to the LexA- phenotype (Mount et al., 1973). When a recA mutation is crossed into a suppressed tsl- strain, the extreme radiation sensitivity usually conferred by a recA mutation is considerably reduced without any detectable change in genetic recombination deficiency. Suppression of UV sensitivity depends upon the activity of the uvrA+ product. We propose that at least part of the radiation sensitivity of a recA- strain is due to a DNA repair defect that is different from inability to perform genetic exchanges and depends upon the presence of the lexA+ product. We hypothesize that the lexA+ product is a repressor of the synthesis of repair enzymes. In recA+ cells with DNA lesions, repressor is inactivated leading to enzyme induction but this does not occur in recA- cells. tsl mutations inactivate repressor leading to constitute enzyme synthesis and bypassing the need for recA+ product to inactivate the lexA+ product. PMID- 1103849 TI - The two-lesion hypothesis for UV-induced mutation in relation to recovery of capacity for DNA replication. PMID- 1103850 TI - The effect of genes controlling radiation sensitivity on chemical mutagenesis in yeast. PMID- 1103851 TI - The role of DNA polymerase I in genetic recombination and viability of Escherichia coli. AB - The rate of formation of high-molecular-weight daughter DNA in the conditionally lethal double mutant polA12 uvrE502, incubated at nonpermissive temperature, was slower than that in the single polA12 mutant. There exist at least two pathways determining viability of Escherichia coli cells: one of them is dependent on polA+ and recB+ genes, while another is polA+ and recB+ genes, while another is polA recB independent but requires the uvrE+ gene and can be blocked by exonuclease I. The RecF but not the RecBC pathway of genetic recombination was found to be absolutely dependent on the polymerizing activity of DNA polymerase I. The involvement of DNA polymerase I in genetic recombination in the recB- C- sbsB strain and viability in the uvrE- or recB- strains suggest the existence of the common steps required for the accomplishing of the RecF pathway of recombination and for viability of E. coli. PMID- 1103852 TI - The role of the rec genes in the viability of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Mutations in the recA, recB, or recC genes significantly reduce the growth rate and viability of Escherichia coli. Cultures of rec- strains are compose of three populations of cells: viable cells, nonviable but residually dividing cells, and nonviable and nondividing cells. Nondividing cells can be separated from dividing cells by penicillin treatment and velocity sedimentation. Nondividing cells of all rec- strains are greatly reduced in their ability to synthesize DNA. recB- recC- and recA- and recB- recC- nondividing cells contain DNA. This DNA synthesized in dividing cells and segregated into the nondividing cells. recA- nondividing cells contain little or no DNA. recA- recB- recC- nondividing cell DNA accumulates single-strand breaks. PMID- 1103853 TI - DNA turnover and strand breaks in Escherichia coli. AB - The extent of DNA turnover has been measured in a dnaB mutant of Escherichia coli, temperature sensitive for semiconservative DNA replication. At the nonpermissive temperature about 0.02% of the deoxynucleotides in DNA are exchanged per generation period. This turnover rate is markedly depressed in the presence of rifampicin. During thymine starvation strand breaks accumulate in the DNA of E. coli strains that are susceptible to thymineless death. Rifampicin suppresses the appearance of these breaks, consistent with our hypothesis that transcription may be accompanied by repairable single-strand breaks in DNA. DNA turnover is enhanced severalfold in strands containing 5-bromodeoxy-uridine in place of thymidine, possible because the analog (or the deoxyuridine, following debromination) is sometimes recognized and excised. PMID- 1103854 TI - Excision-repair of gamma-ray-damaged thymine in bacterial and and mammalian systems. AB - The selective excision of products of the 5,6-dihydroxy-dihydrothymine type (t') from gamma-irradiated or OSO4-oxidized DNA or synthetic poly[d(A-T)] was observed with crude extracts of Escherichia coli and isolated nuclei from human carcinoma HeLa S-3 and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results with E. coli extracts allow the following conclusion: (1) The uvrA-gene product is not required for t' excision. (2) Radiation-induced strand breakage is not required for product excision. (3) Experiments with extracts of E. coli polAexl showed that the 5' in equilibrium 3' exonuclease associated with polymerase I is responsible for the removal of t'. (4) Experiments with extracts of E. coli endo I lig 4 and the ligase inhibitor nicotinamide mononucleotide showed that polynucleotide ligase accomplishes the last strand resealing step in the excision-repair of t'. Isolated nuclei from HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary cells possess the necessary enzymes for the selective excision of t' from gamma-irradiated or osmium tetroxide oxidized DNA. Approximately 25 to 35% of the products were removed from DNA within 60 min. Unspecific DNA degradation was very low. Radiation-induced strand breakage is not required for product removal. PMID- 1103855 TI - An enzymatic assay for pyrimidine dimers in DNA. PMID- 1103856 TI - Enzymatic photoreactivation: overview. PMID- 1103857 TI - Kinetics of photoreactivation. AB - This paper summerizes experimental work (most of which is published) in which light flashes were used for an analysis of photoenzymatic repair in vivo and in vitro. The method permits determination of the reaction rate constants for the formation, dark dissociation, and repair photolysis of enzyme-substrate complexes under various conditions, and estimation of the number of photoreactivating enzyme molecules present. Investigation of these characteristics is basic for understanding of the overall photoreactivation kinetics observed in biological systems, its dependence on experimental parameters, and possibly its biological significance. PMID- 1103858 TI - Repair models and mechanisms: overview. PMID- 1103859 TI - Lists of genes affecting DNA metabolism in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1103860 TI - Effect of mutations in lig and polA on UV-induced strand cutting in a uvrC strain of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1103861 TI - Dependence upon growth medium and the polA, polC, recA, recB, recC, and exrA genes of separate branches of the uvr Gene-dependent excision-repair process in Escherichia coli K12 cells. AB - The repair of single-strand breaks which arise in DNA during the uvr gene dependent excision-repair process was examined in certain radiation-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli K12. The results suggest that the excision-repair process may be divided into two branches, one which is dependent on the presence of growth medium and also the rec+ exr+ genotype, and a second which can occur in buffer (growth medium independent) and is largely dependent on DNA polymerase I. DNA polymerase III appears to be involved in the growth-medium-dependent branch of excision repair, and also in the residual growth-medium-independent repair which occurs in polA1 cells. Chloramphenicol, dinitrophenol, and impurities present in some brands of agar all appear to inhibit the growth-medium-dependent branch of excision-repair. The similarities of the two branches of excision repair to two known pathways for the repair of X-ray-induced DNA chain breaks are discussed. PMID- 1103862 TI - Near-UV photoproduct(s) of L-typtophan: an inhibitor of medium-dependent repair of X-ray-induced single-strand breaks in DNA which also inhibits replication-gap closure in Escherichia coli DNA. AB - Near-UV photoproducts of L-tryptophan (TP), which are especially toxic for recombination-deficient (rec) mutants, were found to inhibit medium-dependent repair of X-ray-induced single-strand breaks. This inhibitor also slows the rate of closure of replication gaps, suggesting that these two processes may have a common pathway (or share a required step which TP can inhibit). PMID- 1103863 TI - DNA repair in DNA-polymerase-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli mutants deficient in DNA polymerase I, in DNA polymerases I and II, or in DNA polymerase III can efficiently and completely execute excision repair and postreplication repair of the UV-damaged DNA at 30 degrees C and 43 degrees C when assayed by alkaline sucrose gradients. Repair by Pol I- and Pol I , Pol II- cells is inhibited by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC) at 43 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C, whereas that by Pol III- cells is insensitive to araC at any temperature. Thus, either Pol I or Pol III is required for complete and efficient repair, and in their absence Pol II mediates a limited, incomplete dark repair of UV-damaged DNA. PMID- 1103864 TI - Phleomycin-induced DNA lesions and their repair in Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 1103865 TI - Repair of cross-linked DNA in Escherichia coli. AB - The repair of DNA containing interstrand cross-links in Escherichia coli was studied by following the temporal sequence of DNA-related metabolic events in cells exposed to psoralen plus light. Mutations in some genes controlling replication, recombination, and repair strongly influence these specific events. Results reported here are consistent with a cross-link repair mechanism involving sequential excision and recombination. PMID- 1103866 TI - Recovery of the priming activity of DNA in x-irradiated Escherichia coli. AB - The template activity of DNA in RNA synthesis in vitro has been studied in Escherichia coli B/r and Bs-1 after exposure to X-rays and postirradiation incubation in growth medium for 60 min at 37 degrees C. The incubation of E. coli B/r after irradiation with 9.3 krad results in the increase of the priming activity of DNA practically to that of unirradiated cells, while after exposure to 18.6 krad the incubation leads to a partial increase in its priming activity. As for E. coli Bs-1, the incubation of the bacteria irradiated with 9.3 krad causes a slight recovery in the priming activity of DNA. PMID- 1103867 TI - Repair of double-strand breaks in Micrococcus radiodurans. AB - Micrococcus radiodurans has been shown to sustain double-strand breaks in its DNA after exposure to X-radiation. Following sublethal doses of X-rays (200 krad in oxygen or less), the cells were able to repair these breaks, and an intermediate fast-sedimenting DNA component seemed to be involved in the repair process. PMID- 1103868 TI - DNA repair and the genetic control of radiosensitivity in yeast. PMID- 1103869 TI - Radiation-sensitive mutants of yeast. PMID- 1103870 TI - X-ray-induced lethality and chromosome breakage and repair in a radiosensitive strain of yeast. PMID- 1103871 TI - The repair of double-strand breaks in chromosomal DNA of yeast. AB - Ionizing radiation induces double-strand breaks in the nuclear DNA of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an efficiency of approximately 0.6 X 10(-10) breaks being repaired. Based on the efficiency of break production, the sensitivity of a rad52 mutant, and the absence of radiation-induced recombination in such a mutant, it is proposed that the corresponding gene product may be involved in double-strand break repair. A model involving recombination and DNA synthesis is described for this type of repair. PMID- 1103872 TI - The fate of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in the nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on various postirradiation treatments and its influence on survival and cytoplasmic "petite" induction. AB - The photoreactivability of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in the nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been investigated in conjunction with the fate of these photoproducts following postirradiation dark incubation in saline and nutrient media. In all instances, survival and "petite" induction were measured. An attempt has been made to relate these results to present ideas on the repair of UV damages in DNA. PMID- 1103873 TI - Genetic control of radiation sensitivity and DNA repair in Neurospora. AB - Radiation sensitivity in the fungus Neurospora crassa is under the control of at least eight distinct loci and is also affected by cytoplasmic factors. Although radiation-sensitive mutants which affect inter- or intragenic meiotic recombination have not been isolated, mutants which are defective in the repair of pyrimidine dimers have been found. Evidence from both mutational and biochemical studies shows that Neurospora has an excision-repair system for pyrimidine dimers which is very similar to the one found in Escherichia coli. Wild-type strains excise dimers, but two mutants, uvs2 and upr1, are UV sensitive and excision defective. Like the E. coli excision-defective mutants, the Neurospora mutants show a greatly increased frequency of UV-induced mutation at low UV doses, and they do not affect recombination. However, they differ from the E. coli mutants in being significantly more sensitive to ionizing radiation than wild-type strains. A third mutant, uvs6, resembles the DNA polymerase-I-negative mutants of E. coli. It is sensitive to both UV and X-irradiation, has a wild-type pattern of UV-induced mutation, and increases spontaneous deletion frequencies. Its polymerases have not been examined. The high frequency of UV-induced mutation in excision-defective strains suggests that a "mutation prone" system of DNA repair exists in Neurospora. This is supported by the ppoperties of the uvs3 strain, which shows no UV-induced mutation. Like postreplication-repair-defective E. coli mutants, it is UV and ionizing radiation sensitive and sensitive to both monofunctional and bifunctional alkylating agents. This mutant is sterile. As expected, the double mutant uvs3 upr1 strain is much more sensitive to UV than either single-mutant strain. Two other loci, muc2 and gs6, may affect DNA repair. Mutations at the five remaining loci, uvs1, uvs4, uvs5, gs3, and gs20, lead to a constellation of properties unlike those of any DNA-repair-deficient E. coli mutant. The occurrence of these mutations could mean that other DNA repair systems exist in Neurospora, or, like the lon mutants of E. coli, they might indicate that cell sensitivity to radiation damage can be increases in other ways. PMID- 1103874 TI - Dictyostelium discoideum: a valuable eukaryotic system for repair studies. PMID- 1103875 TI - Repair in mammalian cells: overview. PMID- 1103876 TI - Concerning pyrimidine dimers as "blocks" to DNA replication in bacteria and mammalian cells. AB - Irradiated UV-sensitive bacteria which are mutant in the uvrA6 locus, and cannot excise pyrimidine dimers, are capable of continued DNA replication with the same orientation as that in unirradiated cells. Replication of dimer-containing DNA is also accomplished by irradiated mammalian cells, suggesting that pyrimidine dimers do not act as absolute blocks to DNA synthesis. Thus, the role that dimers play in reducing the amount and size of DNA synthesized after exposure must be reassessed. PMID- 1103877 TI - Response of homozygous and heterozygous xeroderma pigmentosum cells to several chemical and viral carcinogens. AB - The topics discussed include the relationship between the carcinogenic property of various compounds and their capacity to elicit DNA damage that results in a DNA repair synthesis; the metabolic activation of precarcinogens; the in vivo use of DNA repair synthesis in the identification of tissues that will give rise to neoplasms; the possible involvement of DNA repair in the sensitivity of human cells to the chromosome-damaging and lethal effect of chemical carcinogens; the different responses of homozygous xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells, heterozygous XP cells, and controls to some but not all chemical carcinogens and oncogenic viruses; and the possible link between DNA damage, its repair, and viral-induced neoplastic transformation. PMID- 1103878 TI - Investigation of local blood flow by non-radioactive microsphere mapping in cleared tissue slides. PMID- 1103880 TI - Scent marking with urine in two races of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). PMID- 1103879 TI - Genetics of patent ductus arteriosus. AB - A genetic study of 119 correlative cases of patent ductus arteriosus has been performed. The isolated cases showed female predominance, but there was a three times higher risk for the sibs of male cases, suggesting a multifactorial causative mechanism. Dermatoglyphs presented an excess of arches in male, and a tendency to distal axial triradius in female. There were 15 cases belonging to polymalformative syndromes, such as mongolism, Turner, Noonan, Holt-Oram, Lewis and rubella embryopathy. PMID- 1103881 TI - [Use of allogenous bones obtained under non-sterile conditions in orthopedics and traumatology]. PMID- 1103882 TI - [Survival capability of Escherichia coli in farrowing pens with underfloor heating]. PMID- 1103883 TI - [Studies on European hog cholera. 5. Discovery of latent infection in piglet producing farms in three villages of Northwest Germany]. PMID- 1103884 TI - Improved rapid method for electron microscopy of macro- and micro-tissue cultures. AB - A rapid method of embedding macro- and micro-tissue cultures is described. The procedure involves use of a preshaped BEEM capsule for pelleting, fixation and embedding of tissue culture cells for electron microscopy. To obtain good contrast specimens prepared by this rapid method need a rather longer staining time with uranyl acetate than specimens prepared by standard methods. THis procedure takes only about 200 min from fixation and embedding to double staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. It should be useful for both monolayer tissue cultures and organ cultures in diagnostic and research studies on viral agents. PMID- 1103885 TI - Epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi revealed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi were observed by scanning electron microscopy. These two forms could easily be differentiated by examination of the undulating membrane and kinetoplast. Subpellicular microtubules form parallel helices in epimastigotes while they are arranged parallel to the logitudinal axis in trypomastigotes. Some epimastigotes and trypomastigotes showed a "knob-like" swelling at the end of their bodies. PMID- 1103886 TI - Synthesis of thiol-containing analogues of puromycin and a study of their interaction with N-acetylphenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid on ribosomes to form thioesters. AB - 1. The thiol-containing analogue of puromycin, 6-dimethylamino-9-{1'-[3'-(2'' mercapto-3''-phenylpropionamido)-3'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl]}purine (XVII) in which the primary amino group of the antibiotic is replaced with a thiol grouping, was synthesized chemically (compound XVII is abbreviated to thiopuromycin). 2. Thiopuromycin (XVII) was found to be active in releasing N [(3)H]acetylphenylalanine from its tRNA carrier as the thioester, N acetylphenylalanylthiopuromycin (XIX) in the Escherichia coli ribosomal system. The reaction product (XIX) was synthesized chemically from thiopuromycin and N acetylphenylalanine and found to be stable to hydrolysis in the standard incubation medium at pH7.6. dl-Phenyl-lactylpuromycin (XXI), the hydroxy analogue of puromycin, was also synthesized chemically and shown to release N acetylphenylalanine from its tRNA carrier in the E. coli ribosomal system, thus confirming the previous results of Fahnestock et al. [Biochemistry (1970) 9, 2477 2483]. 3. In marked contrast with the results obtained in the E. coli system, both thiopuromycin (XVII) and hydroxypuromycin (XXI) were found to be inactive in releasing N-acetylphenylalanine from its tRNA carrier in the rat liver ribosomal system. PMID- 1103887 TI - Effects of cytochalasins B and D on alloxan inhibition of insulin release. PMID- 1103888 TI - Isolation of polyadenylic acid-containing RNA using Ca(II). PMID- 1103889 TI - Sizing of two bacteriophage T4 specific messenger ribonucletic acids formed in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 1103890 TI - DNA-binding proteins related to the dosage of specific yeast chromosomes. PMID- 1103891 TI - Preparation of stable gentamicin adenylyl transferase of high specific activity. PMID- 1103892 TI - 4-Thiouridine as the target for near-ultraviolet light induced growth delay in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1103893 TI - Biosynthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronic acid from uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in Escherichia coli: separation of enzymes responsible for epimerization and dehydrogenation. PMID- 1103894 TI - Proceedings: The immunofluorescent "band" test in mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 1103895 TI - Relationship between the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of ciclacillin and ampicillin and the time of their administration in experimental infections. AB - In an attempt to explain the discrepancy between the weak in vitro activity and good clinical efficacy of ciclacillin, a time-dosage-efficacy study was made in order to investigate the relationship of the effectiveness of this antibiotic to the interval between experimental infection and administration in comparison to ampicillin, which because of its similar antimicrobial spectrum and completely different pharmacokinetic properties was particularly suitable for use in the study. Various single oral doses of both antibiotics were administered once to NMRI (SPF) mice at various intervals (0, 1, 2 or 3 h) following experimental infection with E. coli WT 102, E. coli 3033 or E. coli 026:B6 and the CD50's determined and compared statistically. It was demonstrated that the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of both antibiotics was markedly dependent on the interval between experimental infection and administration. Whereas ampicillin was superior to ciclacillin when drug and infective organism were administered simultaneously (0 h), ciclacillin was superior to ampicillin when it was administered 3 h after experimental infection. Both antibiotics were about equally effective when administered 1 or 2 h after infection. The difference in the serum concentrations and rates of absorption and excretion of the two drugs is assumed to be the reason for this phenomenon, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ciclacillin, in particular its rapid and almost complete absorption and rapid attainment of high peak serum levels, are discussed as at least a partial explanation of the difference in its in vitro and in vivo activities. PMID- 1103896 TI - The pharmacodynamics of orally taken verapamil and verapamil retard as judged by their negative dromotropic effects. AB - The widely recognized, negative dromotropic effects of alpha-isopropyl-alpha-[N methyl-N-homaveratryl)-gamma-aminopropyl]-3-4-dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile (verapamil, Isoptin) on arterio-venous (A-V) nodal conductions were studied using long-term atrial stimulation (AS) in 7 healthy volunteers whose mean age was 30 years. A control group consisting of three of the volunteers who underwent long term atrial stimulation without medication was established. Since an isolated, well-known drug effect was studied over a long period of time, it was felt that this was an acceptable method for reaching valid pharmacodynamic conclusions. Atrial stimulation was carried out at hourly intervals up to 14-16 h and continued to the highest possible rate without the occurrence of 2nd degree A-V block before and following oral application of verapamil, 240 mg. The stimulus-Q (S-Q) prolongation at increased pace rates was compared to the control. Verapamil retard was tested in a similar course of investigation the following day. The results clearly demonstrated that both forms of verapamil are effective when taken orally. Verapamil acts 2 h after oral application. The peak effectiveness of the drug is found at 5 h and at this point A-V block can occur at low atrial stimulated rates. The effect of verapamil retard is obvious only after 6 h but is still apparent after 14 h and it remains constant with no peak in effectiveness. Characteristics of the resulting regressions allow to distinguish the effect of verapamil on A-V conduction from influences that might be mediated by the diurnal changes in tone of the autonomic nervous system only. The effect of verapamil after oral application is more pronounced with higher heart rates. The pharmacodnaymics of verapamil evaluated with regard to a single well-known pharmacological effect, have not necessarily to be identical with the pharmacokinetics and the bioavailability of the drug. PMID- 1103897 TI - [Human pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 14C-labeled gliquidone (AR-DF 26)]. AB - Investigations of pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 14C-labelled 1-cyclohexyl-3 (p-[2-(3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-2-(1H)-isoquinolyl)-ethyl] phenyl)-sulfonyl)-urea (AR-DF 26; gliquidone; Glurenorm) after i.v. and oral applications were carried out on 10 healthy volunteers. After oral application of 15 mg AR-DF 26, maximum blood levels of 370 ng/ml blood or 700 ng/ml plasma, respectively, were reached. After i.v. as well as oral application of AR-DF 26 in men the bulk of the substance applied was excreted with the faeces and only 5 percent were found in urine. After both modes of application the metabolites in the faeces were found to be quantitatively and qualitatively similar. The structure of 4 metabilites was demonstrated by isotope dilution analysis. PMID- 1103898 TI - ASHA in retrospect. Fiftieth anniversary reflections. PMID- 1103899 TI - ASHA in retrospect. Fiftieth anniversary reflections. PMID- 1103900 TI - Raymond Carhart. PMID- 1103901 TI - ASHA in retrospect. Fiftieth anniversary reflections. PMID- 1103902 TI - Coronary heart disease--the global picture. PMID- 1103903 TI - [Editorial: Pacemakers--present and future]. PMID- 1103904 TI - [Homage to our historian; Celia Guzman]. PMID- 1103905 TI - [Turbidimetric microbiological semiautomatic determination of erythromycin]. PMID- 1103906 TI - Sex determination from necrotic pulpal tissue. PMID- 1103907 TI - Allan Clare Timson, L.D.S. PMID- 1103908 TI - John Manfield Newton, O.B.E., B.D.S. PMID- 1103909 TI - Clinical experience with use of ultrasound sphygmomanometer. AB - The performance of an ultrasound sphygmomanometer (Arteriosonde 1217) has been compared with that of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Hawksley sphygmomanometers. The Arteriosonde gave closely similar values of systolic blood pressure of the other instruments but diastolic blood pressure lay midway between phase 4 and phase 5 of the Korotkoff sounds. Observers using the Arteriosonde showed a significant preference for even terminal digits. PMID- 1103910 TI - Maximal exercise testing in patients with spontaneous angina pectoris associated with transiet ST segment elevation. Risks and electrocardiographic findings. AB - Six patients with spontaneous angina associated with transient ST segment elevation had a multistate maximal exercise (bicycle) test. In 5 patients, typical electrocardiographic changes were recorded during exercise, namely ST segment elevation often accompanied by an increase in the voltage of the R wave and a widening of the QRS complex. Four of these patients developed severe rhythm disturbances: ventricular tachycardia (2 cases) and ventricular flutter (1 case) were the reason for early interruption of the test in 3 patients, while 1 patient had a short run of ventricular tachycardia after exercise. These rhythm disturbances which spontaneously regressed in all cases were consistently preceded by obvious ST elevation and in 2 patients were attended by slight chest discomfort. Maximal exercise testing of patients suspected of variant angina provides important diagnostic information in many patients, but the risks of potentially lethal arrhythmias should be considered and resuscitation facilities should always be immediately available. PMID- 1103911 TI - Non-invasive left ventricular volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Twenty patients undergoing routine left ventricular single-plane angiography have been investigated by an ultrasonic triggered B-scan technique to provide a two dimensional cross-sectional image of the left ventricle in end-systole end diastole. An area-length method has been used to establish the correlation between the angiographic and the echocardiographic assessments of left ventricular chamber volume (r equals 0.88) and ejection fraction (r equals 0.81). Differences between the two techniques are discussed, and it is concluded that in approximately 80 per cent of patients triggered B-scanning may provide a safe, non-invasive, and convenient technique for the determination of volumes and certain functional parameters, especially in patients with dilated hearts and irregular left ventricular shape, where M-scanning is known to be less reliable. PMID- 1103913 TI - Localization of left ventricular ischaemia in angina pectoris by cineangiography during exercise. AB - Cineangiography of the left ventricle during exercise has been used in an attempt to define the area of ischaemic myocardium in patients suffering from angina pectoris in whom coronary artery surgery was contemplated. A correlation was established between the site of coronary artery obstruction and the area of abnormal myocardial contraction. This method of localization of regional left ventricular ischaemia may furnish useful diagnostic information when coronary reconstructive surgery is contemplated in patients with exercise-induced angina pectoris. PMID- 1103912 TI - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Assessment by echocardiographic and Doppler ultrasound techniques. AB - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is a disease of the myocardium that can be assessed echocardiographic and transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound techniques. Four patients are presented with various patterns of the disease, and the frequently familial incidence is illustrated. The importance of ultrasonic evidence for asymmetric septal hypertrophy in all stages is emphasized and evidence of reduced septal contractility demonstrated. Abnormalities of mitral valve motion, slow diastolic closure rate and systolic anterior movement of the anterior leaflet, are shown in the obstructive form of the disease. Also partial mid-systolic aortic valve closure and aortic cusp flutter are shown with outflow obstruction. The outflow tract gradient can be calculated from mitral valve to septum systolic distances. Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound shows a normal aortic velocity pattern in nonobstructive disease while consistent abnormalities are present with severe resting obstruction. Isoprenaline can be used to alter the normal velocity pattern associated with a minimal resting gradient to an abnormal pattern indicating the development of significant obstruction. PMID- 1103914 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure in anaesthetized spontaneously breathing horses. AB - Horses breathing spontaneously under halothane anaesthesia were subjected to expiratory resistance by the introduction of a water-trap into the expiratory limb of a circle absorber. Resistances of 10 and 20 cm H2O produced no significant increase in PaO2 (P greater than 0.05) during halothane/air and halothane/oxygen anaesthesia. The imposition of resistance was associated with an increase in PaCO2 and a significant increase in mixed venous PCO2. In three animals subjected to 20 cm H2O resistance under halothane/air anaesthesia, the cardiac output was reduced (P less than 0.01). It was concluded that the indiscriminate application of end-expiratory pressure has no place in routine equine anaesthesia. PMID- 1103915 TI - The effect of anaesthesia and intermittent positive pressure ventilation with different frequencies on the anatomical and alveolar deadspace. AB - Deadspace was measured in nine healthy subjects in the supine position, premedicated but awake and breathing spontaneously at a rate of 12 b.p.m. and subsequently under anaesthesia with artificial ventilation with frequencies of 12 and 24 b.p.m. The minute volume was kept at a relatively constant value. The physiological deadspace was calculated using the Bohr equation and the division into anatomical and alveolar deadspace was made with the aid of capnography. Physiological deadspace was increased by anaesthesia and IPPV, mainly as a consequence of increased rebreathing in the apparatus deadspace. There was no significant change in the anatomical deadspace. Thus, the expected reduction in deadspace brought about by endotracheal intubation was nullified by an increase in the anatomical deadspace distal to the carina. The VDanat/VT ratio remained constant on changing the respiratory frequency. A significant alveolar deadspace was measured during spontaneous breathing. This was unchanged by the induction of anaesthesia and the institution of artifical ventilation. On changing the frequency, the VDalv/VT ratio remained constant. It is concluded that both the anatomical and the alveolar deadspaces increasing with increasing tidal volume, but are unaffected by the breathing rate. PMID- 1103916 TI - Absorption and sedative effects of diazepam after oral administration and intramuscular administration into the vastus lateralis muscle and the deltoid muscle. AB - The absorption of diazepam 10 mg after oral administration and intramuscular administration into the vastus lateralis muscle or the deltoid muscle was compared in a double-blind cross-over study in eight healthy subjects. Serum diazepam concentrations were measured, and the presence of tiredness was noted 20, 40, 60, 90 and 150 min after the drug administration. Peak concentrations in serum were 209+/-49, 152+/-60 and 143+/-62 ng/ml ((means+/-SD) at 90, 60 and 60 min after oral, shoulder and thigh administration respectively. Absorption was more rapid after intramuscular than after oral administration, serum mean diazepam concentrations at 20 min after oral administration being only 26% of those after shoulder administration. The rapid rate of absorption from the shoulder was associated with a more rapid feeling of tiredness and a greater sedative effect than after oral or thigh administration. There was no evidence that diazepam induced its own metabolism after one or two administrations. The results suggest that, if rapid preanaesthetic medication with diazepam is needed, shoulder administration might be superior to oral or thigh administration. PMID- 1103917 TI - Current practice of hypothermia in British cardiac surgery. AB - A questionnaire was sent to all centres of cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom, enquiring into their current use of hypothermia. Moderate hypothermia without cardiopulmonary bypass and the Drew technique of profound hypothermia are becoming less popular, each technique being used in only two of the 30 centres which replied. Moderate hypothermia as an integral part of the cardiopulmonary bypass is used on occasions in 24 centres. Although some centres use moderate hypothermia out of habit, the main benefits from its use are considered to be the protection afforded to the myocardium and a greater safety margin in the event of technical difficulties. Profound hypothermia, usually induced by means of the pump oxygenator, followed by circulatory arrest is becoming increasingly popular for the correction of complex congenital anomalies in infants. PMID- 1103918 TI - Proceedings: Assessment of the Bain anaesthetic system during controlled ventilation. PMID- 1103919 TI - Benzoctamine-a study of the respiratory effects of oral doses in human volunteers and interactions with morphine in mice. AB - A double-blind trial has been performed to investigate the respiratory effects of low oral doses of benzoctamine, and to compare them with diazepam and a placebo. The displacement of the carbon dioxide response curves indicated that whilst diazepam caused respiratory depression, benzoctamine had a variable effect. Some volunteers showed depression, but most showed stimulation. Peak respiratory effects were seen 1 hr after oral administration, returning to normal 2-3 hr after administration. It is suggested that oral drugs given for premedication need to be administered at least 2 hr before operation to obtain maximum sedative effects at a time when respiratory effects are returning to normal. In animal experiments it has been shown that the analgesic actions of morphine are diminished by concurrent administration of benzoctamine, and that the depression of respiratory rate caused by morphine is enhanced. PMID- 1103920 TI - A social history of heroin addiction. PMID- 1103921 TI - A multicentre comparative trial of talampicillin and ampicillin in general practice. PMID- 1103922 TI - Bacteriological characteristics of talampicillin. PMID- 1103923 TI - Comparison of metronidazole/nystatin and nitrofuratel in the treatment of vaginitis. PMID- 1103924 TI - Nimorazole in trichomonal vaginitis. PMID- 1103925 TI - Topical ampicillin-cloxacillin in the prevention of abdominal wound sepsis. PMID- 1103926 TI - Pertussis vaccine in diabetics requiring high dosage insulin. PMID- 1103927 TI - s-Carboxy-methyl-cysteine syrup in secretory otitis media. PMID- 1103928 TI - Some nineteenth century ideas on links between tuberculous and cancerous diseases of the lung. PMID- 1103929 TI - Pulmonary eosinophilia after substitution of aerosol for oral corticosteroid therapy. AB - Three patients with chronic asthma developed pulmonary eosinophilia while oral prednisolone was being withdrawn after the introduction of treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. These observations suggest that the development of pulmonary eosinophilia in patients with chronic asthma can be prevented by the systemic administration of corticosteroids, but not by a corticosteroid aerosol given by inhalation. It is considered that radiological examination of the chest should be carried out at frequent intervals during and for a few months after the substitution of corticosteroid aerosol therapy for oral corticosteroid therapy in order to ensure that those patients who are liable to develop pulmonary eosinophilia will be identified at an early stage. These precautions are even more essential when there is a previous history of pulmonary eosinophilia. PMID- 1103930 TI - Intersensory processing efficiency of fluent speakers and stutterers. PMID- 1103931 TI - Cellular and humoral aspects of host resistance in murine salmonellosis. AB - Mice were challenged with a highly virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium by intraperitoneal injections. At relatively low infecting doses, immunizations with either viable attenuated or heat killed Salm. typhimurium were found to be equally protective against otherwise fatal infections. Pre-opsonization of virulent salmonellae significantly increased the survival rate of mice infected with small numbers of the pathogen. By a cell culture method, peritoneal macrophages of mice were shown to be innately capable of destroying the ingested virulent Salm. typhimurium. Macrophages from previously infected mice did not appear to have any significant increase in their bactericidal activity against salmonellae, but they possessed cytophilic antibodies specific against the H and the O antigens of Salm. typhimurium. It is believed that humoral elements play an important role in acquired immunity in murine salmonellosis by opsonization of the pathogen. PMID- 1103933 TI - Repeated tissue sampling with a dental broach. A trial in cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - A simple and almost painless technique for repeated sampling of dermal infiltrates with a dendritic broach was used in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This technique can be used to advantage to obtain organisms and cell underneath crusted lesions and to evaluate not only the number of organisms but also the cell pattern at different depths of the lesion. It can be used repeatedly on the same lesions without appreciably disturbing the natural progress of the disease and is therefore well suited to monitor the in vivo effects of therapeutic agents on organisms. Its use in twenty-one cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and one case of cutaneous leprosy is described. PMID- 1103932 TI - The effect of a tubercle lipid adjuvant on the distribution of injected foreign red blood cells. AB - Increased localization occured of injected foreign red cells in the spleen and lungs of animals treated with a tubercle bacillary lipid adjuvant given intravenously. The distribution changes varied depending upon the time interval between injections of the adjuvant and the foreign red cells. These changes offer an explanation of the augmentation of haemolysins and haemagglutinins previously shown for the lipid. PMID- 1103934 TI - Efficacy of miconazole in the topical treatment of tinea pedis in sportsmen. AB - A double-blind trial of 2% miconazole in a cream and in a powder base and of the respective vehicles was done in a group of forty-five young sportsmen regularly training and using the showers in a gymnasium. After 4 weeks treatment, the mycological cure rate using the active preparation was 60% compared to 24% for the placebo (P less than 0-05). PMID- 1103935 TI - Coexistence of lichen planus and bullous pemphigoid. A immunopathological study. AB - A 43-year-old white man presented with a generalized eruption of lichen planus and tense blisters within the lichenoid lesions and also on clinically normal skin. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) studies revealed immunological and histopathological characteristics of lichen planus in the lichenoid lesions and of bullous pemphigoid in the bullous lesions, and indirect IF studies showed that the patient had circulating antibasement membrane antibodies. The coexistence of both disorders may indicate a possible link between the pathology in the junctional zone in lichen planus and the appearance of antibasement membrane zone antibodies and bullous lesions, respectively. PMID- 1103936 TI - A prospective study of the effects of weekly oral methotrexate on liver biopsy. AB - The results are reported of a prospective study of liver histological findings in twenty-five patients with severe psoriasis subjected to liver biopsy before and at intervals after the onset of treatment with methotrexate by an intermittent dosage schedule. The pre-methotrexate liver biopsy findings in forty-one other severe psoriatics are also summarized. Of the twenty-five treated patients, four showed a mild inflammatory cell infiltrate and two mild fibrosis before treatment. During treatment only one developed a grade 2 infiltrate and one other grade 2 fibrosis. None has developed cirrhosis. Where minor abnormalities developed, their fluctuating and reversible nature is demonstrated. PMID- 1103937 TI - Deafness complicating mucous membrane pemphigoid: a case report. AB - A patient with moderately severe mucous membrane pemphigoid is described. The onset of deafness was associated with the appearance of postero-superior retraction prockets in both eardrums. It is postulated that this was due to mucous membrane pemphigoid involving the mucosa of the middle ear. We are not aware of this complication having been described previously. PMID- 1103938 TI - The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) skin test in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Clinical evaluation. AB - A clinical evaluation of the intradermal DNA-test was carried out on a series of patients with untreated or with treated definite systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or with suspected SLE with or without circulating antinuclear factors. A saline solution of a commercially available DNA-preparation was used. The course of the DNA reaction was followed for 24-48 h after the injection. All nine cases of untreated definite SLE had a positive DNA test 6 h after the injection, and eight cases a positive result at 24 h. All seven patients with definite SLE who were on low-dosage systemic steroid treatment had a clinically positive. DNA test at 6 h. In all except one of these cases the test was still positive at 24 h. All five patients with definite SLE on antimalarial treatment had a positive test at 6 h which had become negative at 24 h after the injection. Eleven of the twelve patients with suspected SLE and circulating antinuclear factors had a positive DNA test at 6 h, which in nine cases persisted for 24 h. On the other hand, of the eleven ANF negative patients with various connective tissue diseases five had a positive test at 6 h. In only one of these cases it persisted for 24 h. Two of the eighteen control patients with various dermatoses exhibited a positive test at 6 h, and in one of these the positive reaction persisted for 24 h. It is concluded that the intradermal skin test using native DNA is a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of SLE when the reaction is followed up for 24 h. Antimalarial treatment seems to decrease skin reactivity to native DNA. PMID- 1103939 TI - Dispersal of skin microorganisms. PMID- 1103940 TI - Neutrophil granules. PMID- 1103942 TI - The growth of human bone marrow in diffusion chambers. AB - Diffusion chambers containing normal human bone marrow were implanted intraperitoneally into normal and irradiated mice and cultured for various periods. Granulocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes comprised the majority of the cells harvested in all cultures. The most impressive cell growth occurred when the chambers were implanted into primary hosts irradiated with 840 R and then retransplanted on Day 8 of the culture into secondary hosts irradiated with the same dose. Linear relationships were found between the number of nucleated cells inoculated into the chambers and the number of cells harvested after 8 or 10 days of culture in heavily irradiated hosts. PMID- 1103941 TI - Folate binding proteins. AB - The physical and physiologic properties of serum, milk and cellular FABP have been presented. Several investigators have shown that FABP with similar characteristics is present throughout the body fluids and tissue. Thus, FABP appears to be established as a protein which can significantly influence folate metabolism. PMID- 1103943 TI - Hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin. PMID- 1103944 TI - The fate of circulating haemoglobin. PMID- 1103945 TI - The localization of factor V within normal human platelets and the demonstration of a platelet-factor V antigen in congenital factor V deficiency. AB - Separation of human platelets from plasma by a modified gel-filtration technique reveals very low levels of factor-V activity of the platelet suspension. Repeated freezing and thawing increases the factor-V activity in various factor-V assays. This activity neutralized the inactivating effect of a rabbit-antihuman factor V antibody to plasma factor V, while intact platelets had almost no such capacity. Washed and normal platelets and gel filtered platelets showed marked positive fluorescence after treatment with antifactor V serum and FITC labelled sheep antirabbit immunoglobulin. Fluorescence was inhibited by previous incubation of the antifactor V serum and platelet lysates. Platelets of a factor V deficient patient showed the same fluorescence pattern as normal platelets indicating that they contained a factor V antigen. These platelets showed after lysis no effect in various factor V assays. From these studies it is concluded that the localization of factor V is within the platelets. PMID- 1103946 TI - Skin window studies in polycythaemia rubra vera. AB - The inflammatory response was studied in patients with primary polycythaemia by means of a modified skin window technique. In untreated patients, the overall cellularity was a prominent feature and, as compared with the controls, the 48 h preparations showed a significantly greater percentage of granulocytes with a corresponding decreased percentage of macrophages. In the peripheral blood of these patients, both total white cells and granulocyte counts were significantly higher than in the control subjects. A highly significant relationship between the blood and skin window neutrophils was demonstrated. In polycythaemia patients in remission, the results were generally similar to the controls, except that there was still a highly significant increase in the percentage of skin window basophils. The results provided no evidence of a defect in cell migration or in the phagocytic activity of macrophages in polycythaemia vera. Possible mechanisms of the cutaneous basophilia and its relevance to the manifestation of this disorder are discussed. PMID- 1103947 TI - Aspirin, haemostasis and thrombosis. PMID- 1103948 TI - Haemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 1103949 TI - Leon Szur: an appreciation. PMID- 1103950 TI - Intravascular coagulation and the liver. PMID- 1103951 TI - Advanced non-Hodgkins' lymphomas: response to treatment with combination chemotherapy and factors influencing prognosis. AB - Response to combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (COP) and specific factors influenceing prognosis were evaluated in 70 patients with stage III or IV non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Complete remissions (CR) were observed in 40% of patients, with a total response rate of 88%. The median duration of CR was 8 months, but 50% of patients were in continuing CR. High rates of CR were associated with: (a) well-differentiated lymphocytic cytology, (b) tumour nodularity, (c) normal blood lymphocyte counts at diagnosis, and (d) disease stage IIIA. These same factors also showed a positive correlation with 5 year-survival rates from diagnosis. It is suggested that patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphomas do not form a homogeneous treatment group, but warrant a differential therapeutic approach based on the prognostic determinants stated above. The study provides further support for the prognostic usefulness of Rappaport's classification of these tumours. PMID- 1103952 TI - Detection of carriers of haemophilia: a 'blind' study. AB - A 'blind' study has been made to try to find out if it is possible to diagnose carriers of haemophilia. A group of 34 obligatory carriers of haemophilia were compared with 34 normal women. Levels of factor VIII activity, factor VIII related antigen, factor V and ratio of factor VIII activity to factor VIII related antigen were measured. In the carrier group the mean level of factor VIII activity and the mean level of the ratio of activity to antigen were each approximately half of those found in the normal women. The mean level of factor V was the same in both groups of women. By setting the lower limit of normal at the lowest level of the different factors found in the normal women, 12 out of 34 (35%) carriers could be distinguished on the basis of their factor VIII level alone; 24 out of 34 (71%) could be detected on the basis of the ratio of factor VIII activity to factor VIII related antigen and 25 out of 34 (73%) could be detected if both factor VIII activity and the ratio were taken into account. It is concluded that consideration of both the level of factor VIII activity and the ratio of factor VIII activity to factor VIII-related antigen is of some value in detecting carriers of haemophilia. The number of carriers detected (73%) in the present study is not as high as that found by other workers. PMID- 1103953 TI - Platelet antibody in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. PMID- 1103954 TI - The detection of intracellular antigens in human leucocytes by immunoperoxidase staining. AB - An immunoperoxidase procedure is described for staining intracellular leucocyte antigens in peripheral blood and bone marrow smears. Brief exposure of cell smears to a buffered formol acetone mixture was found to give optimal fixation, combining good cellular morphology with preservation of antigenic reactivity. The immunoperoxidase method is superior to immunofluorescence in that it provides a permanent preparation which can be counterstained with orthodox reagents and viewed by conventional light microscopy. In addition the technique is considerably more sensitive than immunofluorescence procedures. Immunoglobulin was demonstrated in plasma cells, Turk cells and a minority of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lysozyme was found in cells of the neutrophil series from promyelocytes to mature granulocytes. Monocytes stained for lysozyme but the reaction was less intense than in neutrophils and some monocytes were devoid of activity. Lactoferrin stained strongly in mature neutrophil polymorphs and metamyelocytes, but was weak or absent in earlier myeloid cells. These reaction patterns are in keeping with previous reports on the distribution of these antigens in human leucocytes. In the case of immunoglobulin and lysozyme it was possible to abolish leucocyte staining by incubation of the specific antisera with the appropriate purified antigen, providing additional proof of the specificity of the reactions. Anti-ferritin antisera stained granulocytes and myeloid precursors strongly, and reached weakly with a minority of monocytes. These latter observations are not entirely in accordance with published data on the leucocyte distribution of ferritin and may be attributed to antibody activity of unknown specificity in the anti-ferritin antiserum. PMID- 1103955 TI - Reading chest radiographs for pneumoconiosis by computer. AB - Computer programs for measuring simple pneumoconiosis in radiographs are described and assessed. The 36 films studied had been read by 11 skilled human observers and a 'radiological score' of pneumoconiotic severity was therefore available for each film. The computer assigns to each square grid of side 3-6 mm a measure which reflects the unevenness of the density distribution in that grid. The 'computed score' is defined as the mean diversity over all relevant grids in both lung fields. On the set of 36 films the correlation between radiological score and computed score was 0-88. By contrast, the correlation between the score assigned by a single observer and the average of the scores assigned by the other 10 was in the range 0-95 to 0-98. The program can use the computed score to classify a film into one of the four major International Labour Office (ILO) U/C categories, the success rate of this process being 80% compared with those quoted by other workers in the range 45%-65%. If the films used in this study be typical, then the program described may form the basis of an automatic method for measuring pneumoconiosis in epidemiological work. PMID- 1103956 TI - Lung function in textile workers. AB - Acute changes in ventilatory function during a workshift with exposure to hemp, flax, and cotton dust were measured on Mondays in a group of 61 textile workers, all working on carding machines. In addition, single-breath diffusing capacity (DLCOSB) was measured before dust exposure on Monday in 30 of the 61 workers. Large acute reductions during dust exposure were recorded in maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% VC (MEF50%), ranging from 38 to 22%. Acute reductions of FEV1-0 were considerably smaller, ranging from 17 to 9%. There was a statistically significant increase in residual volume (RV) with very small and insignificant changes in total lung capacity (TLC). Although preshift FEV1-0 and FVC were decreased, DLCOSB was within normal limits. Plethysmographic measurements in six healthy volunteers exposed to hemp-dust extract confirmed the results obtained in textile workers, that is, that TLC does not change significantly during dust induced airway constriction and that maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% VC (MEF50%) is a more sensitive test than FEV1-0 in detecting acute ventilatory changes caused by the dust extract. PMID- 1103957 TI - Kinetic studies on sex difference in susceptibility to chronic benzene intoxication--with special reference to body fat content. AB - The sex difference in the susceptibility to haematopoietic disorders induced by benzene was studied kinetically with a special reference to its relation with the body fat content. In rats of both sexes with a large body fat content, benzene was eliminated more slowly and remained in the body for a longer time than in rats with a small body fat content. In accord with this finding, the decrease in white blood cell numbers during a chronic benzene exposure was observed only in the groups of rats which had a large volume of fat tissue. In an experimental human exposure, the elimination of benzene was slower in the females than in the males. The kinetic study revealed that the slower elimination in the females is due primarily to the bulky distribution of body fat tissue in that sex. From these results obtained from the experimental exposure of men and rats to benzene, it was concluded that the human female, with her massive body fat tissue, shows an inherent disposition to be susceptible to a chemical such as benzene which has a high affinity with fat tissue. PMID- 1103958 TI - A technique for measuring outcome in group psychotherapy. AB - A technique for measuring a patient's progress and outcome in group psychotherapy is presented. The various measured parameters are derived from the Symptom Check List plus individualized repertory grid rating scales. This measurement model was tested on an out-patient group over 18 months and shows potential as a device for measuring outcome in diverse types of psychotherapy groups. PMID- 1103959 TI - Colin Mackenzie MD (St Andrews): an estranged pupil of William Smellie. PMID- 1103960 TI - Pituitary responsiveness to synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH RH) during the menstrual cycle and in female hypogonadism. AB - The pituitary responsiveness to synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) in female patients with primary and secondary hypogonadism was tested and compared with that in normal women with regular menstrual cycles. A 200 mug dose of synthetic LH-RH was injected intravenously into 15 normal menstruating women, 8 patients with primary hypogonadism and 5 patients with secondary hypogonadism and the serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) response to LH-RH was investigated using double-antibody radioimmunoassay. In normal women, the LH response to LH-RH in the preovulatory phase was greater than that seen in the follicular (p less than 0-05) and luteal phases (p less than 0 05) of the menstrual cycle. In contrast, no significant difference in the FSH response was demonstrated among the three different phases of the cycle. The serum LH response to LH-RH in primary hypogonadism was greater than that in the follicular (p less than 0-01) and luteal phases (p less than 0-01) of the cycle. The serum FSH response in primary hypogonadism was markedly greater than that in the follicular (p less than 0-01), preovulatory (p less than 0-01) and luteal phases (p less than 0-01) of the menstrual cycle. Conversely, the LH levels after LH-RH administration in secondary hypogonadism were significantly lower than in the follicular (p less than 0-01), preovulatory (p less than 0-01) and luteal phases (p less than 0-01) of the cycle. The FSH response in secondary hypogonadism was slightly below that in the follicular phase (p less than 0-05). Thus, the FSH response to LH-RH in primary hypogonadism and the LH response in secondary hypogonadism seemed to be sufficiently characteristic to have diagnostic value. PMID- 1103961 TI - Suppression of puerperal lactation using 2 brom-ergocryptine. PMID- 1103962 TI - Fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in amniotic fluid. PMID- 1103963 TI - Therapeutic surgery in failures of medical treatment for fungal keratitis. AB - Medical treatment failure necessitated surgery in nine cases of fungal keratitis. Therapeutic surgery eliminated fungal infection in seven cases, and useful vision was retained in five out of six penetrating keratoplasties. In three cases Natamycin (Pimaricin) therapy rendered fungi non-viable, but two were demonstrable by histopathology. These results suggest that antifungal treatment should be applied for as long as possible before therapeutic surgery in order to improve the final visual outcome. PMID- 1103964 TI - Corneal dellen in the limbal approach to rectus muscle surgery. AB - A retrospective study of 170 cases of horizontal rectus muscle surgery performed during the years 1969 and 1970 at the University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary revealed a 6-5 per cent incidence of dellen with the limbal approach to the muscle and a 2-2 per cent of incidence of dellen with the nonlimbal or direct approach to the muscle. This was significant to the 5 per cent level of confidence by the chi2 test. We feel that this finding of an increased incidence of dellen with the limbal approach complements the current theory of desiccation as the cause of corneal dellen. We do not recommend abandonment of the limbal approach to rectus muscle surgery because of this finding, but suggest that surgeons scrutinize more carefully their postoperative patients for dellen. If dellen do not occur careful trimming of the conjunctiva to avoid bunching and thickening may perhaps eliminate them. PMID- 1103965 TI - Synthesis of deoxyguanosine polyphosphates and their interactions with the guanosine 5'-triphosphate requiring protein synthetic enzymes of Escherichia coli. AB - A chemical synthesis of deoxyguanosine analogs of the guanosine polyphosphates accumulated by bacteria during the stringent response is described. Both deoxyguanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate (d-pppGpp) and deoxyguanosine 3' diphosphate 5'-diphosphate (d-ppGpp) were prepared, as well as the by-products deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate 5'-triphosphate (d-pppGp) and deoxyguanosine 3' monophosphate 5'-diphosphate. A significant difference between d-(p)ppGpp and guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-tri- or 5'-diphosphate (p)ppGpp) is that the 3' pyrophosphate moiety is alkali stable in the deoxyguanosine and alkali labile in the guanosine polyphosphates. The new GTP analogs d-pppGp and d-pppGpp were compared to GTP, dGTP, and pppGpp in their ability to support reactions catalyzed by the Escherichia coli protein synthetic enzymes initiation factor 2, elongation factor Tu, and elongation factor G (EF-G). Like pppGpp, both d-pppGp and d-pppGpp showed substantial deficiency only in reactions requiring EF-G. While d-pppGpp closely resembled pppGpp in its very low activity with EF-G, d-pppGp was somewhat more active. Nevertheless, d-pppGp was a poor substrate in EF-G-dependent translocation. Qualitatively and quantitatively its support of translocation was very similar to the reaction driven by periodate-oxidized and borohydride-reduced GTP, a derivative of GTP in which the ribose ring has been cleaved between the 2' and 3'-hydroxyl groups. PMID- 1103966 TI - Characterization of an inhibitor causing potassium chloride sensitivity of an RNA polymerase from T4 phage-infected Escherichia coli. AB - The nature of the inhibition by salt (KCl) of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from T4 phage-infected Escherichia coli (T4 enzyme) was studied using holoenzyme preparations, core enzyme and sigma fractions obtained by phosphocellulose column chromatography, and sigma fractions further purified by gradient centrifugation in the presence and absence of 6 M urea. We showed with holoenzyme preparations that salt inhibits the formation of rifampicin-resistant preinitiation complexes. The inhibition was considerably reduced when a nonionic detergent (particularly of the Triton series) was included in the reaction mixtures. With T4 core enzyme and T4 sigma fractions together with the same fractions from uninfected cells (host enzyme fractions) and different DNA templates, we showed that the T4 sigma fraction plays a role in the salt-sensitive activity with T4 DNA. The salt sensitivity of the T4 sigma fraction was antagonized by Triton; it was not a function of sigma fractions isolated from phage cultures infected in the presence of chloramphenicol. As reported previously (Stevens, A. (1973), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 54, 488), the T4 sigma fraction inhibited the activity of host sigma when they were present together in reaction mixtures, particularly in the presence of salt. T4 sigma further purified by centrifugation in glycerol gradients had the same properties as the cruder fraction, and the T4-specific polypeptide of mol wt 10000 (Stevens, A. (1972), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 603) was found in the same fractions. If the glycerol gradients contained 6 M urea, the mol wt 10000 polypeptide was separated from the salt-stimulated sigma. Fractions containing the small polypeptide could be added back to produce the salt-inhibitory effects. The inhibitory activity of both the crude sigma fraction and the fractions containing the small polypeptide was inactivated at 65 degrees C. The results suggest that the mol wt 10000 protein is a salt-promoted inhibitor, but the small amounts of it which are present in purified fractions of the T4 enzyme have not yet allowed its isolation in large enough quantities to permit a detailed study of its properties. PMID- 1103967 TI - Synthesis of guanosine 5'-di- and -triphosphate derivatives with modified terminal phosphates: effect on ribosome-elongation factor G-dependent reactions. AB - A series of GTP and GDP analogues modified in the terminal phosphate has been synthesized and their activities were investigated in elongation factor G dependent reactions. All of the analogues, with the exception of guanosine 5'-O (3-thiotriphosphate), were not hydrolyzed by EF-G and ribosomes, but were competitive inhibitors of the ribosome-dependent EF-G GTPase. The most active inhibitors were P3-fluoro P1-5'-guanosine triphosphate and P3-methyl P1-5' guanosine triphosphate with a Ki of 1.0 X 10(-6) and 2.5 X 10(-6) M, respectively. The activity of the GTP alkyl ester derivatives decreased with increasing number of carbon atoms in the side chain. GTP analogues were much more effective inhibitors than the corresponding GDP derivatives. This points out the necessity of the presence of at least three negative charges in the phosphate chain of the nucleotide for an effective interaction with the active site of the ribosomal EF-G GTPase. Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), which was hydrolyzed at one-third the rate of GTP, was able to support poly(U)-directed poly(phenylalanine) polymerization. Possible mechanisms of ribosome-EF-G GTP hydrolysis that arise from our results are discussed. Activity of the nucleotide analogues in EF-G-ribosome complex formation compared well with their ability to inhibit ribosome-dependent EF-G GTPase, P3-fluoro P1-5'-guanosine triphosphate and P3-methyl P1-5'-guanosine triphosphate being again the most effective ones. The stabilizing action of fusidic acid on the EF-G-ribosome complex formation induced by the various nucleotides could not be correlated to any of the structural modifications of the substrate. Guanylyl methylene diphosphonate was displaced more readily than GDP from the EF-G-ribosome complex by GTP analogues insensitive to fusidic acid. PMID- 1103968 TI - Yeast DNA photolyase: molecular weight, subunit structure, and reconstruction of active enzyme from its subunits. AB - Yeast DNA photolyase, purified by affinity chromatography, ran as a single component when analyzed by either electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gradient gels or by sedimentation velocity through 5-20% sucrose gradients containing 0.4 M KCl, and, therefore, was considered homogeneous. The molecular weights of photolyase, determined by these methods, were 130000 and 136000, respectively. When the enzyme was examined by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gradient gels, it dissociated into two bands whole molecular weights were 60000 and 85000. After the enzyme was sedimented through sucrose gradients in the presence of 1.0 M KCl, two absorbance maxima, which corresponded to polypeptides of 54000 and 82500, were found in the fractions collected. Thus, the enzyme consists of two dissimilar subunits. When the two fractions that exhibited maximal absorbance were mixed together, a time-dependent increase in activity occurred, demonstrating that active enzyme could be reconstituted from these subunits. Analysis of sucrose gradients containing 1.0 M salt for photolyase activity showed that it was present exclusively in the region of the gradient corresponding to 68200 in agreement with a previous report (J. Cook and T. Worthy (1972), Biochemistry 11, 388). These active fractions were found in the overlap region between the two subunits, and their activity was attributed to reconstitution of the enzyme during the assay. PMID- 1103969 TI - Physiochemical properties of DNA binding proteins: gene 32 protein of T4 and Escherichia coli unwinding protein. AB - The single-stranded DNA binding protein coded for by gene 32 of bacteriophage T4 and a similar protein isolated from uninfected Escherichia coli both induce characteristic changes in the circular dichroism (CD) of single-stranded nucleic acids. These CD changes have been adapted as an assay of protein-DNA complex formation. Far-ultraviolet CD spectra show the secondary structure of the two proteins to be similar with approximately 20% alpha helix, approximately 20% beta structure, and 60% random coil. Both proteins show prominent Cotton effects arising from their aromatic chromophores. Nitration of five of the nine tyrosyl residues of gene 32 protein prevents DNA binding, while prior formation of the DNA complex protects all tyrosyl residues from nitration. The tyrosyl residues may participate in gene 32 protein-DNA binding by intercalation between bases of the single strand. In contrast, no tyrosyl residues can be nitrated in the E. coli protein suggesting that surface tyrosyls do not play a part in binding of E. coli protein to DNA. Approximately 50 amino acids can be cleaved from the gene 32 protein with trypsin. This cleavage also occurs spontaneously in infected cell extracts. The remaining protein of mol wt 30000 has the same CD spectra and DNA binding properties as the native protein. The physicochemical properties can be correlated with previous work on the structures and functions of the group of DNA "unwinding proteins". PMID- 1103970 TI - Studies on the cooperative binding of the Escherichia coli DNA unwinding protein to single-stranded DNA. AB - The cooperative binding of the Escherichia coli DNA unwinding protein to single stranded DNA has been studied by electron microscopy. Analysis of the electron microscopic data by means of a simple statistical mechanical model has yielded a value of 3.8-7.6 X 10(10) l./mol for the cooperative binding constant in 0.15 M NaCl. Studied under elevated salt conditions have shown that the average DNA protein complex length is 50% of the length found at 0.04 or 0.15 M NaCl. PMID- 1103971 TI - Phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species of fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli grown with elaidate. AB - Monoacetyldiglycerides derived from the phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species of the fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli grown with elaidate at 37 degrees C were fractionated on thin-layer plates of silica impregnated with silver nitrate and were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with an OV-17 column and gas chromatography with a Silar-10C column. Phosphatidylethanolamine was made up of the following molecular species: 1-16 : 0 2-16 : 0 (1.2%), 1-14 : 0-2-trans-16 : 1 (1%), 1-16 : 0-2 trans-16 : 1 (3.5%), 1 16 : 0-2-trans-18 : 1 (26.4%), 1-16 : 0-2-cis-16 : 1 (3.8%), 1-trans-18 : 1-2 trans-16 : 1 (13.2%), 1-trans-18 : 1-2-trans-18 : 1 (44.9%), 1-trans-18 : 1-2-cis 16 : 1 (4.5%) and trans-18 : 1-cis-18 : 1 (1.5%). PMID- 1103972 TI - Binding of alpha-ketoisovalerate to alpha-isopropylmalate synthase. Half-of-the sites and all-of-the-sites availability. AB - Binding of alpha-ketoisovalerate to alpha-isopropylmalate synthase (3-hydroxy-4 methyl-3-carboxyvalerate 2-oxo-3-methylbutyrate-lyase (CoA-acetylating), EC 4.1.3.12) from Salmonella thyphimurium has been studied by equilibrium dialysis. When alpha-ketoisovalerate is the only ligand present, no more than two sites per enzyme tetramer can be saturated under the conditions chosen. The binding is non cooperative with a dissociation constant of 6.6+/- 0.4 muM. Binding of alpha ketoisovalerate has also been studied in the presence of propionyl-CoA. This compound was selected because of its close similarity to the natural substrate acetyl-CoA. It is a competitive inhibitor with respect to acetyl-CoA while reacting only extremely sluggishly as as substrate itself. The presence of propionyl-CoA has a profound effect on alpha-ketoisovalerate binding. The number of sites available to alpha-ketoisovalerate increases to about four per tetramer. At the same time, the dissociation constant for alpha-ketoisovalerate increases approx. 4-fold. These results suggest that the active conformation of alpha isopropylmalate synthase is not obtained unless both substrates are present. They also support the notion, based on previous studies with the feedback inhibitor L leucine, that alpha-isopropylmalate synthase has a tendency to form "functional dimers". PMID- 1103973 TI - Synthesis and localisation of Escherichia coli UDP-glucose hydrolase (5' nucleotidase), and demonstration of a cytoplasmic inhibitor of this enzyme in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 1103974 TI - Enzymatic epimerization of D-erythro-dihydroneopterin triphosphate to L-threo dihydroneopterin triphosphate. AB - An enzyme has been discovered in Escherichia coli that catalyzes the conversion of the triphosphate ester of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1',2',3' trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine, (i.e. D-erythro-dihydroneopterin triphosphate) to an epimer of this compound, L-threo-dihydroneopterin triphosphate. The enzyme, which is here named "D-erythro-dihydroneopterin triphosphate 2'-epimerase," needs a divalent cation (Mg2+ or Mn2+ is most effective) for maximal activity. Its molecular weight is estimated at 87 000-89 000. Little or no activity can be detected if either the monophosphate or the phosphate-free form of the substrate is incubated with the enzyme. Evidence is presented to establish that all three phosphate residues of the substrate are retained in the product and that the product is of the L-threo configuration. PMID- 1103975 TI - Low molecular weight urinary proteins. I. Partial amino acid sequences of the retinol-binding proteins of man and dog. AB - Human and dog retinol-binding proteins were isolated and their physico-chemical characteristics compared. Partial amino acid sequences of the first 50 residues were determined for both proteins and found to be remarkably similar. Only five residues were shown to be different; all could be due to single base pair mutations. However, immunological cross-reactivity was not detected between the two proteins with specific antisera prepared in rabbits against the human and dog retinol-binding proteins. PMID- 1103976 TI - Isolation of outer membrane proteins of Escherchia coli and their characterization on polyacrylamide gel. AB - Proteins from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli were studied on a ureadodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel by electrophoresis. A polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea gave an excellent resolution of outer membrane proteins. Seventeen protein bands were reproducibly observed on a gel. By use of Sephadex G-200, DEAE-cellulose and polyacrylamide gel, eight proteins were purified to near homogeneity. Five of them were found to be heat-modifiable proteins. The behavior of these purified proteins was studied on a polyacrylamide gel under three different electrophoretic conditions, which had been used for the analysis of cell envelope proteins. Thus correspondence was made between these purified proteins and envelope proteins reported by other investigators. PMID- 1103977 TI - Characterization of a low density cytoplasmic membrane subfraction isolated from Escherichia coli. AB - We have used freeze fracture electron microscopy to study the distribution of membrane proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli W3110. While these proteins were distributed randomly at the growth temperature (37 degrees C), there was extensive protein lipid segregation when the temperature was lowered, resulting in bare patches containing no visible particles (protein), and areas of tightly packed or aggregated particles. To understand the segregation process, we have separated the bare patches from the particle rich membrane areas. Lysis of spheroplasts at 0 degrees C leads to cytoplasmic membrane fragments with different amounts of membrane particles per unit area; such fragments have been separated on isopycnic sucrose gradients. The bare patches occurred as low density membranes which were completely devoid of particles. They were compared to normal density cytoplasmic membranes with respect to fatty acid composition, protein distribution as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their content of several cytoplasmic membrane marker enzymes. The phospholipid to protein ratio of low density membranes was five times greater than that of normal membranes; unsaturated fatty acids were more abundant in the low density membranes. Most proteins had disappeared from the low density membranes. One protein, which had an apparent molecular weight of 26000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels appeared to be concentrated in the low density membranes; it accounted for about 50% of the total protein found in this membrane fraction. Of the cytoplasmic membrane markers tested, NADH oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase were excluded, while D lactate dehydrogenase remained, and even appeared to be concentrated in the low density membranes. These results indicate that while most membrane proteins are associated with the fluid portion of the bilayer, some proteins evidently associate preferentially with phospholipids in the gel or frozen state. PMID- 1103978 TI - Effect of tetraphenylboron upon the uptake of the lipophilic cation dibenzyldimethylammonium by yeast cells. AB - The rate of uptake of the lipophilic cation dibenzyldimethylammonium by yeast cells is increased by tetraphenylboron. However, tetraphenylboron increases also the equilibrium partition of dibenzyldimethylammonium between cells and medium, probably because a complex between tetraphenylboron and dibenzyldimethylammonium is trapped inside the cells. Accumulation of dibenzyldimethylammonium in the presence of tetraphenylboron is not reversed by dinitrophenol, whereas accumulation of the lipophilic cation in the absence of tetraphenylboron appears to be almost completely reversible. PMID- 1103979 TI - In vitro reassembly of the membranous vesicle from Escherichia coli outer membrane components. Role of individual components and magnesium ions in reassembly. AB - A method was developed for the reassembly of membranous vesicle from the sodium deoxycholate-dissociated outer membrane components of Escherichia coli. The removal of the detergent by dialysis and the presence of Mg2+ were essential for the reassembly. Membrane protein alone did not form any membranous structure. Closed membranous vesicles similar to the native outer membrane were reassembled only when protein was mixed with both lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid in deoxycholate solution and subsequently dialized. The membrane showed a distinct trilaminar structure with a center-to-center distance between two dark lines of 53 A, which is a characteristic of the native outer membrane. This characteristic trilaminar structure was shown to be due to the presence of lipopolysaccharide. Phospholipd was required for the vesicularization of membrane. Lipopolysaccharide and/or phospholipid formed a membranous structure in the absence of protein, while the morphology of their negatively stained sample was quite different from that of the native outer membrane unless the outer membrane protein was added to the reassembly mixture. The protein from the cytoplasmic membrane was unable to reform membranous vesicle with lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid, indicating that the reassembly system discriminated outer membrane proteins from cytoplasmic proteins. PMID- 1103980 TI - Absence of long pyrimidine tracts in cytosine-rich repeating units present in Escherichia coli DNA. PMID- 1103981 TI - Phases and phase structure in biological systems. PMID- 1103982 TI - In memoriam. Harold E. Himwich 1894-1975. PMID- 1103983 TI - Edmundo Fischer: in memoriam. PMID- 1103984 TI - Induction of radioresistance in Escherichia coli. AB - The effect of prior treatment by inducing agents on the radioresistance of cells of Escherichia coli has been studied. In order to separate the induction process from the radiation-damage process, cells were first treated with inducing agents such as ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation, or nalidixic acid, allowed to become induced by incubation for 50 min and then given rifampin to prevent further induction. They were then tested for radiation sensitivity. It was found that all strains tested except recA-, lex-, and recB showed very apparent protection. Induction by UV had the most effect and by nalidixic acid the least. The time course of development of protection was observed in one case: it is 50% established in 15 min. The absence of effect in recA- and lex- is explainable by the fact that these cells cannot be induced, for example, for prophage or the inducible inhibitor of post-irradiation DNA degradation. We suggest that the inducible inhibitor of postirradiation DNA degradation is one factor in a recovery system possessed by E. coli cells. PMID- 1103985 TI - Kinetics of conformational changes in tRNA Phe (yeast) as studied by the fluorescence of the Y-base and of formycin substituted for the 3'-terminal adenine. AB - The kinetics of the melting transitions of tRNA Phe (yeast) were followed by the fluorescence of the Y-base and of formycin substituted for the 3'-terminal adenine. As judged from differential UV absorbance melting curves the formycin label had virtually no influence on the conformation of the tRNA. A temperature jump apparatus was modified to allow the simultaneous observation of transmission and fluorescence intensities by two independent optical channels. The design of a temperature jump cell with an all quartz center piece is given. The cell is resistant to temperatures up to 90 degrees C; it provides high optical sensitivity, low stray light intensity and the possibility of measuring fluorescence polarization. The T-jump experiments allowed to discriminate between fast unspecific fluorescence quenching (r less than 5 musec) and slow cooperative conformational changes. In the central part of the temperature range of UV melting (midpoint temperature 30 degrees C in 0.01 M Na+ and 39 degrees C in 0.03 M Na+, pH 6.8) two resolvable relaxation processes were observed. The corresponding relaxation times were 20 msec and 800 msec at 30 degrees C in 0.01 M Na+, and 4 msec and 120 msec at 39 degrees C in 0.03 M Na+. The Y-base fluorescence shows both of the relaxation effects, which almost cancel in equilibrium fluorescence melting, because their amplitudes have opposite signs. From this finding the existence of some residual tertiary structure is inferred which persists after the unfolding of the main part of tertiary structure during early melting (midpoint temperature 24 degrees C in 0.03 M Na+). In the fluorescence signal of the formycin also the two relaxation effects appear. Both of them are connected with a decrease of the fluorescence intensity. From the results a coupled opening of the anticodon and acceptor branches is concluded. PMID- 1103986 TI - Lignin-degrading enzyme system. PMID- 1103987 TI - Physical and chemical constraints in the hydrolysis of cellulose and lignocellulosic materials. PMID- 1103988 TI - Pretreatments to enhance chemical, enzymatic, and microbiological attack of cellulosic materials. PMID- 1103989 TI - Potential useful products from cellulosic materials. PMID- 1103990 TI - The molecular bases of certain inherited diseases of connective tissues involving collagen. PMID- 1103991 TI - Campomelic dwarfism. AB - The campomelic syndrome is a short-limb, usually fatal, neonatal dwarfism. It is characterized by bowed lower limbs, especially the tibia, usually associated with a cutaneous dimple over the anterior skin. There is delayed calcification of the epiphyses and delayed mineralization of the spine and pelvis. The cartilages of the tracheobronchial tree are hypoplastic, contributing to death from respiratory problems. Other associated abnormalities are unusual appearing facies, cleft palate, absent olfactory nerves and talipes equinovarus. Less commonly seen are cardiac, renal and brain anomalies. PMID- 1103992 TI - Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with epidermal neoplasms with emphasis on a dermal collagen defect. PMID- 1103993 TI - An autosomal recessive form of lethal chondrodystrophy with severe thoracic narrowing, rhizoacromelic type of micromelia, polydacytly and genital anomalies. PMID- 1103994 TI - Abnormal collagens in connective tissue diseases. PMID- 1103995 TI - Mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease): present status of knowledge. PMID- 1103996 TI - [Properties of the F' factors formed in crosses of E. coli Hfr donor cells with recipient cells by means of defects in recombination]. AB - Meriploids isolated from the crosses of donor cells HfrH, KL-96, KL-99 and the recipient cells AB 2463 recA carried sex factors of different structures (different in length) and activities: 1) typical F1-factors with the proximal chromosomal markers; 2) "long" F1-factors of different structures with defective genes, which controlled sensitivity to phagef2; 3) "long" F1-factors of different structures with defective genes, which controlled conjugation transfer. Chromosomal markers can be incorporated into the sex factor regardless of their position in respect to the sex factor in the initial Hfr cells. Defects of the sex factor proper in the genome are accompanied by the loss of some chromosomal genes incorporated into the sex factor. At the same time the typical F'-factors preserve their structure completely. PMID- 1103997 TI - [Origin of Luciani periods during the effects of acetylcholine and eserine on the automation of Purkinje fibers]. AB - Experiments were conducted on the isolated rabbit hearts with a complete atrio ventricular block. It was shown that under the effect of acetylcholine (1.10(-7) 2.10(-6)g/ml) or eserine (1.10(-7)-2.10(-6)g/ml) there can occur Luciani periods which disappeared under the action of atropine (1.10(-6)g/ml). With the aid of microelectrodes it was revealed that Luciani periods appearing under the effect of acetylcholine or eserine were caused by periodic depression of automation of the Purkinje's fibers. This automation depression is regarded to be the result of a relative insufficiency of the active ionic transport processes. PMID- 1103998 TI - [Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias]. PMID- 1103999 TI - Cell cycle dependency of a T-cell marker on lymphoblasts. AB - A T-cell marker was expressed by the leukemic lymphoblasts of a 14 years old boy. After 14 days of cultivation, a permanently growing lymphoblastic cell line JM, which manifested the T-cell marker over the whole period of subcultivation, was established from the blood. In vitro synchronization experiments showed that this important cell marker in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is expressed on the surface of the blasts to a reduced degree, compared to the level in the other cell cycle phases. PMID- 1104001 TI - Obituary: Professor Zenon Buczowski, M.D. (1909-1974). PMID- 1104000 TI - An other look at iron: role in host pathogen interaction. AB - Iron, as participant of many biological processes is a prerequisite for life. Uptake, internal transport and storage by organisms is handled by highly specialized chemical systems endowed with strong metal binding affinities. Apart from the homeostatic function of iron-binding compounds they appear of significance for inter-species interactions. Thus, by tight binding transferrin withholds the iron from invading microorganisms required for their optimal growth. This bacteriostatic property of the iron transport protein is however partially overcome by small molecular substances synthesized by bacteria and successfully competing for the metal. The balance of such interaction is a complex one. Yet, strong evidence points to the crucial importance of the amount of iron offered by a host to infecting agents for determining the fate of bacterial disease. PMID- 1104002 TI - The influence of the corn dust on the human body (a survey of literature). PMID- 1104003 TI - A case of bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 1104004 TI - "About 15 years ago...". PMID- 1104005 TI - Bibliography. PMID- 1104006 TI - From poor farm to medical center: a century of library services to the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center. AB - As its centennial approaches, the history and development of library services to the patients and professional staff of the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center is traced from the early days when the library was housed in the cafeteria of the dispensary to its present position of being first point of access to library service for one of the largest teaching hospitals in the country. Its recent affiliation with the Norris Medical Library of the University of Southern California School of Medicine is explained. The change in emphasis from patients' library to health sciences library is illustrated, and the contribution of the library to the Cumulative Index to Nursing Literature is detailed. PMID- 1104007 TI - Past presidents I have known. PMID- 1104008 TI - Mildred E. Blake, 1898-1975. PMID- 1104009 TI - Psychoanalytic precursors in Greek antiquity. PMID- 1104010 TI - The hospital of Zaragoza. PMID- 1104011 TI - Swinburne's masochism: neuropathology and psychopathology. PMID- 1104012 TI - Richard Wagner and the ur maternal sea. PMID- 1104013 TI - Presentation of the Academy Plaque to Albert Christy Santy, M.D. PMID- 1104014 TI - Presentation of the Academy Medal to George K. Hirst, M.D. PMID- 1104015 TI - Cholera in New York Harbor, 1892. PMID- 1104016 TI - Morgagni on hospitals and autopsies. PMID- 1104017 TI - Reliability of plethysmography, the single breath oxygen test, and spirometry in population studies. AB - Three thousand five hundred and twenty-eight residents of a census tract in Los Angeles, California underwent pulmonary function testing in a mobile laboratory (the Breathmobile). Tests included respiratory questionnaire, electronic spirometry, the single breath O2 test and body plethysmography. The reliability and sensitivity of the tests performed in the Breathmobile was measured by repeating the same tests and others on a 3% probability sample at the University of California at Los Angeles Pulmonary Function Laboratory. The reliability of the FVC and FEV1 was excellent; of the FEF 25-75% and the FEF 50-75% -- good; and of the VTG, RA and delta N2 -- reasonably good. As yet the reliability of the closing volume fraction is inadequate in our study. Grouping by individual reported symptom complexes identified different groups of people. The questionnaire and the forced expiratory flow rates identified the most people as having decreased respiratory function. Selection of the best breath or average of the two best breaths affected results of spirometry very little. PMID- 1104018 TI - Amyloidosis. PMID- 1104019 TI - Theories of autoimmunity. PMID- 1104020 TI - Tangential excision and grafting for burns of the hand. PMID- 1104021 TI - Muscle flaps in the repair of skin defects over the exposed tibia. PMID- 1104022 TI - An easily removable continuous skin suture. PMID- 1104023 TI - Cross-hand, cross-finger neurovascular flap: a preliminary report. AB - As a preliminary report we present a case of severe injury of the dominant left hand in a 19-year-old girl. Reconstruction constituted a cross-arm flap initially, a palmaris longus tendon graft and finally a cross-hand, cross-finger neurovascular flap. PMID- 1104024 TI - An ideal donor site for the auricular composite graft. PMID- 1104025 TI - Free groin skin flaps. AB - The operative technique of free groin flap transfer is described and some typical results presented. The overall complete success rate in 47 cases was 80 per cent, but complete necrosis only occurred in II per cent of the transferred flaps. PMID- 1104026 TI - Free groin flaps: their vascular basis. AB - By studying the vascular base of flaps raised from cadavers we obtained a basic knowledge of free groin flaps for clinical application. The method of selection of the nutrient vessels in 70 free groin flaps based on this knowledge has been described. PMID- 1104027 TI - The viability of triangular skin flaps. PMID- 1104028 TI - Inosculation of vessels of skin graft and host bed: a fortuitous encounter. AB - From the combined procedures of skin stereomicroscopy of in situ grafts in rats, graft removal and supravital intracardiac injection of a contrast medium, the data suggest that the revascularisation of skin grafts is an orderly sequence of events which include: active invasion of the graft dermis by the ingrowing host capillary sprouts; development of anastomoses between the graft and host vasculatures; entry of blood into the graft through the vascular anastomoses by 48 hours after transplantation. PMID- 1104029 TI - The effect of culturing human skin allografts before transplantation. PMID- 1104030 TI - A method of prominent ear correction. AB - Modifications of the Mustarde technique for prominent ear correction are described, making this more widely applicable with less complications. PMID- 1104031 TI - One-stage repair of full-thickness alar defects. PMID- 1104032 TI - The interplay of changes in society, reproductive habits, and obstetric practice in Scotland between 1922 and 1972. PMID- 1104033 TI - An investigation of space and space-time clustering in a large sample of infants with neural tube defects born in Cardiff. AB - Altogether 406 infants with neural tube defects born in Cardiff between 1956-71 were investigated for evidence of space-time clustering and 100 similarly affected infants, together with matched controls born in Cardiff between 1964-66 were investigated for evidence of spatial clustering. No evidence of excessive prevalence in either dimension was observed. PMID- 1104034 TI - A statistical review of controlled trials of imipramine and placebo in the treatment of depressive illnesses. AB - A method of reviewing a series of clinical trials by extracting the basic data in the form of 2 x 2 tables and analysing these by Fisher's two-tailed Exact Test is described, and illustrated by published imipramine-placebo trials. The results suggest that the benefit of this drug in patients with endogenous depression who have not become institutionalized is indisputable, and that further drug-placebo trials in this condition are not justified. Two of the three trials of imipramine in neurotic depression gave results showing significant improvement. Possible explanations of the apparent failure of this drug in groups of patients with undifferentiated depression are discussed. PMID- 1104035 TI - Matrix calculi. AB - Matrix calculi are an uncommon form of urinary tract concretion. They must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a radiolucent mass within the renal collecting system or ureter. The clinical and radiographic features of three cases are presented and the literature of matrix calculi is reviewed. PMID- 1104036 TI - Duodenotomy defect. AB - Radiographic changes in the duodenum after duodenotomy are discussed. Two types are noted. One is a polypoid mass, the other is a convex deformity at the lateral wall of the descending duodenum. The radiographic findings are explained by the surgical technique used for duodenotomy. PMID- 1104037 TI - Short-term cadaver kidney preservation. AB - 200 consecutive human cadaver kidneys were preserved using 6 different techniques. Some attempt was made in the clinical situation to assess donor pre treatment and postoperative specific recipient treatment to encourage immediate renal function. Provided the warm time was less than 60 min and the cold time less than 12 hours, intraarterial flushing with a crystalloid or colloid solution combined with pre-treatment of the donor and postoperative fluid load/frusemide drive to the recipient gave the best results. PMID- 1104038 TI - Urinary tract infection and wound infection in kidney transplant patients. AB - The frequency of urinary tract and wound infections was studied in 53 patients most of whom had received kidneys from donors without heart action. Urinary infection was demonstrated soon after the transplantation in 46 out of 47 with functioning kidneys. Recurrent infections took place during the first 3 months and still half of the patients were infected or under treatment 6 months after the operation. The urinary infection seems mainly to arise via indwelling catheters. Wound infections were demonstrated in 18 out of the 53 patients and in addition abscess formation took place in 9 of these. In the majority of the infected wounds previous infected drains were demonstrated. In all, 36 of the patients had infected drains, the use of which therefore is to be avoided. PMID- 1104039 TI - Reversible lymphomatous non-obstructive uropathy. PMID- 1104040 TI - Septic shock. AB - The problems associated with septic shock are highlighted, including those which arose during a 3-year prospective study. Mortality in the first year of the study was 71 per cent, falling to 38 per cent in the third year. The reasons for this fall are detailed. The pattern of survival times changed over the 3 years, giving rise to the longer term complications such as stress bleeding, multiple organ failure and superadded infection. PMID- 1104041 TI - Prediction of kidney viability before transplantation. AB - A patient who receives a kidney transplant which fails suffers a physical and psychological disaster. Almost one-third of the kidneys transplanted in the United Kingdom are primary failures; many others function only after a delay, and the long term prognosis for these kidneys is poor. There is a need to identify kidneys which will function immediately after transplantation, those which will function after a delay and those which will never function. Such identification is seldom possible from the history. By continuous hypothermic perfusion we can identify a group of kidneys which will probably never function. The perfusate lactate level predicts which of the remaining kidneys will function immediately and which will not. Kidneys which function immediately after transplantation have a very much better long term prognosis after transplantation than those with delayed onset of function. PMID- 1104042 TI - A controlled clinical trial of three methods of closure of laparotomy wounds. AB - A controlled clinical trial was conducted of three methods of closing elective paramedian laparotomy wounds--catgut layer suture alone, catgut layer suture with tension sutures and wire sutures alone. Three hundred and twenty-four patients were entered in the trial. The combined incidence of wound dehiscence and subsequent incisional herniation in patients who did not manifest overt dehiscence in the immediate postoperative period was significantly higher after catgut layer suture alone (14 per cent) than after catgut layer suture with tension stitches (4-8 per cent) or wire sutures alone (0-9 per cent). There seemed to be more wound sespis and sinus formation associated with catgut layer suture and tension sutures than with either of the other methods of closure. In 4 patients a wire suture had to be extracted, because of sinus formation in 2 and on account of pain in 2. PMID- 1104043 TI - Controlled clinical trial comparing early with interval cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. AB - The traditional management of acute cholecystitis is initial conservative treatment with antibiotics followed by elective cholecystectomy. Although early cholecystectomy has often been advocated, there has been only one randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the two methods of treatment. This paper reports the preliminary results of such a trial in which 32 patients have been studied so far. Of the 17 patients managed conservatively, there was a misdiagnosis in 2 (11-8 per cent). In the remaining 15 patients with acute cholecystitis 3 (20 per cent) required urgent operation because of failure of medical treatment. Elective cholecystectomy was not technically difficult. Of the 15 patients treated by early cholecystectomy, there was a misdiagnosis in 1 (6-8 per cent). Surgery was technically difficult in 2 patients but cholecystectomy was possible in all. The former 2 patients required blood transfusion, but in the remainder the estimated blood loss was only slightly more than in the elective group. There was no mortality in either group nor any complication directly attributable to the biliary surgery. The incidence of minor postoperative complications was only slightly greater in those treated by early operation. The length of postoperative stay was similar in both groups but those treated conservatively spent an average of 11 more days in hospital. The preliminary results indicate that those treated by early cholecystectomy spend less time in hospital and avoid the complications of failed conservative treatment without the added risk of increased postoperative mortality and major complications. PMID- 1104044 TI - The role of surgery in the management of Hodgkin's disease. AB - The marked improvement in the prognosis of patients with Hodgkin's disease has resulted from advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Success with these treatments depends upon accurate knowledge of the extent of the disease. Clinical assessment of the presence of abdominal disease is unreliable. Exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy, multiple lymph node biopsy and liver biopsy will reveal that preoperative assessment of the extent of the disease is inaccurate in 30 per cent of cases. The information obtained prevents relapses from undiagnosed abdominal disease and ensures that inappropriate radiotherapeutic treatment is not given to patients with disseminated disease. PMID- 1104045 TI - Measurement of the immune response to an allograft: amino acid incorporation by peripheral white blood cells in man. AB - The uptake in vitro of 3H-thymidine and of 3H-uridine by white blood cells freshly taken from the recipients of renal transplants has been followed at regular intervals during the period of the patients' hospitalization. In addition, groups of subjects without renal failure undergoing operation and of patients on chronic dialysis have been studied. Of 33 patients undergoing rejection of their kidney, 28 showed a marked rise in the incorporation of thymidine over the period of rejection. However, a similar rise appears to accompany episodes of inter-current infection. PMID- 1104046 TI - Experimental studies on the pathophysiological responses of the newborn to injury. AB - Experimental studies are reviewed which show that there are significant differences with age in both the local and general responses to injury. The results seem to confirm the belief in the striking ability of the newborn to withstand injury and suggest that one important aspect of this resistance is an increased ability to compensate circulatory hypovolaemia. PMID- 1104047 TI - Atenolol and bendrofluazide in hypertension. AB - The effect of atenolol, a new beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, was studied in a double-blind cross-over trial in 24 carefully selected hypertensive outpatients. After a four-week run-in period on matching placebo each patient received atenolol 200 mg/day, atenolol 400 mg/day, a combination of atenolol 200/mg day with bendrofluazide 5 mg/day, and bendrofluazide 5 mg/day alone, according to a random sequence. Atenolol at either dose produced a significantly greater reduction in all blood pressure levels except standing systolic pressure than bendrofluazide alone. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of the two atenolol doses on either blood pressure or pulse rate. The addition of bendrofluazide to atenolol resulted in a further significant lowering of the blood pressure. A significant effect of thiazide on weight was noted. The study shows that atenolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker of similar potency to propranolol in animals but without membrane-stabilizing or partial agonist acitivity, is an effective and well-tolerated hypotensive agent. PMID- 1104048 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure and mechanical ventilation by facemask in newborn infants. AB - During a nine-month period 24 newborn infants were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or mechanical ventilation delivered through a facemask. The mask was held in place in a way that minimised trauma and distortion of the head. The median birth weight of the infants was 1096 g and their median gestational age 29 weeks. The usual reason for treatment was hyaline membrane disease or recurrent apnoea due to inadequate control of breathing. Twenty-one of the infants survived. The technique was simple to apply and complications were minimal. We suggest that it may have advantages over other methods of applying CPAP or mechanical ventilation to infants mildly affected by respiratory illnesses and that it should be useful in avoiding endotracheal intubation or reducing the length of time that infants with more serious illnesses are intubated. PMID- 1104049 TI - A British view of Danish medicine. PMID- 1104050 TI - Letter: Infective agent in infantile enteritis. PMID- 1104051 TI - Letter: Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in patients with renal allografts. PMID- 1104052 TI - JM Barnes CBE, BA, MB, BCHIR. PMID- 1104053 TI - Letter: Survival of infants with unoperated myeloceles. PMID- 1104054 TI - Letter: Tibial shaft fractures. PMID- 1104055 TI - J. P. Philp MB, CHB, FRCSED. PMID- 1104056 TI - R Laird CHM, FRCSED. PMID- 1104057 TI - Colonel W C Spackman MB, FRCSED, FRCOG, IMS (Ret). PMID- 1104058 TI - R B McMillan BSC, MD, FRCPED. PMID- 1104059 TI - Controlled trial of sodium valproate in severe epilepsy. AB - In a double-blind crossover trial sodium valproate or placebo was added to the existing anticonvulsant treatment of 20 patients with chronic uncontrolled epilepsy. Sodium valproate 1200 mg/day significantly reduced the frequency of both tonic-clonic and minor seizures in these patients. Only mild and transient side effects occurred (drowsiness, ataxia, and nausea), and these may have been due to the effect of adding sodium valproate to existing phenobarbitone or phenytoin treatment. Further controlled trials are needed to assess more fully the efficacy of this drug in various types of epilepsy. PMID- 1104060 TI - Low-dose heparin prophylaxis against fatal pulmonary embolism. AB - A prospective randomised controlled trial in 500 patients over the age of 50 who were undergoing major surgery showed that low-dose subcutaneous heparin was an effective prophylactic measure against fatal pulmonary embolism. None of the 252 patients who received perioperative heparin cover died of fatal pulmonary embolism while eight of the 236 who did not receive heparin prophylaxis died of fatal pulmonary embolism. These results were statiscally significant (P less than 0.01). PMID- 1104061 TI - Letter: Renal transplantation. PMID- 1104062 TI - Letter: Stereotaxic neurosurgery for cerebral palsy. PMID- 1104063 TI - Letter: Long-term prophylaxis with beta-adrenoceptor blockade after myocardial infarction. PMID- 1104064 TI - Letter: Use of bacteriological investigations by general practitioners. PMID- 1104065 TI - G H Fairley MA, DM, FRCP. PMID- 1104066 TI - S S Sumner MB, CHB, FRCS ED, DOMS. PMID- 1104067 TI - Editorial: End of the potato avoidance hypothesis. PMID- 1104068 TI - E. A. Freeman. PMID- 1104069 TI - J. B. Blaikley. PMID- 1104070 TI - A Coady. PMID- 1104071 TI - Letter: Infective agent in infantile gastroenteritis. PMID- 1104072 TI - Letter: Multicentre trial of prednisolone in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 1104073 TI - Letter: Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in patients with renal allografts. PMID- 1104074 TI - Effects of oxygen and nitrogen on the character of T. pallidum is subcutaneous chambers in mice. AB - Nitrogen and oxygen gases were injected into mouse subcutaneous chambers which contained virulent Treponema pallidum. The effect of each gas on the viability and survival of T. pallidum in an in vivo system was determined. In comparison with the effects in nontreated control mice, injection of nitrogen enhanced both motility and survival time, but oxygen exerted a deleterious effect. PMID- 1104075 TI - False positive FTA-ABS results in patients with genital herpes. PMID- 1104076 TI - Evaluation of a sustained-release oral tetracycline in non-specific urethritis. AB - A double-blind trial of oxytetracycline (Imperacin-I.C.I.) and tetracycline hydrochloride in a sustained-release formulation (Tetrabid-Organon) was carried out on 259 men suffering from non-specific urethritis. Patients who had NSU in the preceeding 3 months were excluded from the trial. The response to treatment assessed at 10 days was favourable in ninety patients out of 129 (35 per cent.) who received oxytetracycline and in 89 patients out of 130 (34 per cent.) who received Tetrabid-Organon. Eight patients in each group required re-treatment and the remainder failed to attend for follow-up. At 4 weeks after treatment one (1-3 per cent.) of 74 patients treated with Tetrabid-Organon and twenty (37-7 per cent.) of patients treated with oxytetracycline required further treatment. A large proportion of patients who were free of signs and symptoms at the first follow-up failed to return at 4 weeks, so that the true rates of cure at 4 weeks are difficult to assess. In a field such as venereology, the twice-daily administration of medication offers distinct advantages over a four-times-daily regime. This study suggests that Tetrabid-Organon, a tetracycline designed specifically for twice-daily dosage, is more effective than standard oxytetracycline, given twice daily, in the treatment of NSU. It was satisfying to find that the traditional advice concerning abstention from sexual activity and alcohol consumption during the treatment of NSU has a sound basis. The study showed a close correlation between recurrence of NSU and failure to follow such advice. It would be interesting to investigate the means by which alcohol consumption may act to delay recovery. PMID- 1104077 TI - Behavioural effects of electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). AB - Food-satiated goldfish were stimulated in tanks containing food on the surface of the water and on the bottom of the tank. Various components of the feeding response were seen, and complete feeding was observed, which was elicited from sites in the postero-medial hypothalamus. Evidence is put forward to support the supposition that the full response was due to a change in feeding motivation, rather than to changes in sensory or motor factors. Other types of behaviour, such as fin movements and swimming, could not be identified as part of any normal ethological sequence. However, vertical movements and gas-spitting responses indicated a possible hypothalamic control of buoyancy. None of the behaviours observed was seen to change in a social context. PMID- 1104078 TI - The naming of neurons: applications of taxonomic theory to the study of cellular populations. AB - For many purposes, biologists must study large brains through groups of similar neurons, since these populations - not individual cells - are the smallest units for which exact counterparts can be recognized unequivocally across a series of brains. One who surveys singel neurons, by whatever techniques, may discern major aspects of a tissue's organization by classifying the elements studied, thereby performing an exercise in taxonomy at the cellular level. The discovery of neuronal types is best achieved by imitating the naturalist who seeks new biological species: a large sample of cells is gathered by a regular, widely effective method, and an effort is made to understand the biases in the sampling procedure; a numerous and diverse set of features is observed for each neuron encountered; and the cell sets recognized are described in agreement with the polythetic concept of natural groups. The resulting multidimensional population descriptions, the most useful of which include the temporal information available through electrophysiologic recording, may be quite powerful for testing circuit hypotheses about the large nervous system. PMID- 1104079 TI - Experimental immunohistochemical studies on the localization and distribution of substance P in cat primary sensory neurons. AB - With the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and collaborators the occurrence of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity was studied in spinal ganglia (L6-S1), the spinal cord (L6-S1) and the pad skin of the hind paw of the cat. In untreated cats a very dense network of SP-positive fibers was found in the spinal cord in Lissauer's fasciculus, in laminae I-III and a rather dense plexus was seen in the ventral horns, in the area around the central canal (laminae X) and in the medial parts of laminae VI and VII. SP-positive fibers were also observed in the connective tissue under the epithelium of the skin. However, in untreated cats no specific immunogluorescnece was observed in the spinal ganglia, dorsal roots or certain large peripheral nerve trunks. After certain experimental procedures such as local application of colchicine or compression of the dorsal root close to the spinal ganglion, SP-positive fluorescence was observed in a rather small number of neuronal cell bodies and in fibers. The fluorescent material was observed in the peripheral parts of the cytoplasm and the cell bodies were exclusively of the small type. Ten days after transection of the dorsal roots a marked decrease in the number of SP-positive fibers was observed in the substantia gelatinosa but not in the ventral horns. The present results give strong evidence for the occurrence of SP in a certain population of primary sensory neurons and support earlier findings that SP may act as a transmitter or modulator in these neurons. PMID- 1104080 TI - Membrane-bound S-100 protein on nerve cells and its distribution. AB - In this study we present data supporting a heterogeneous distribution of the brain-specific S-100 protein on nerve cell plasma membranes from isolated neurons. This has been shown in a previous study by immunoelectron microscopy using peroxidase-conjugated anti-S-100 antiserum and in this study by immunofluorescence using fluorescein-conjugated anti-S-100 antiserum, the specificity of which is discussed. Incubation of the cells at +23 degrees C or at +4 degrees C did not change the distribution pattern of S-100 over the cell membranes, nor did incubation in antimetabolites, or incubation with univalent Fab fragments. We conclude that the membrane-bound S-100 protein with its heterogeneous and polar distribution on the nerve cells is a sign of a protein differentiation of the neuron. PMID- 1104081 TI - Comparative studies in synaptosome formation: preparation of synaptosomes from the ventral nerve cord of the lobster (Homarus americanus). AB - A flotation method for preparing synaptosomes, previously developed for work with squid nervous tissue, has now been successfully applied to the ventral nerve cord of lobster. Perhaps due to the greater content of connective tissue, homogenization of the lobster nerve cord was more difficult than with squid optic lobes and the yield of synaptosomes was lower. The synaptosomes fraction showed a 3.8-fold enrichment of bound acetylcholine relative to the homogenate and was almost 10 times richer in acetylcholine than a guinea pig cerebral cortical synaptosome fraction. The lobster synaptosomes accumulated choline rapidly when incubated at room temperature in sea water, and showed a high degree of occlusion of lactate dehydrogenase, thus confirming that they are sealed structures. The lobster can thus be added to the wide range of species from whose nervous systems synaptosomes can be isolated, and merits further study as a possibly rich source of cholinergic synaptosomes. PMID- 1104082 TI - Distribution of protein-bound radioactivity in brain slices of the adult rat incubated with labelled leucine. AB - The distribution of protein-bound labelled leucine in brain cortex slices, prepared from adult rats by various methods and incubated with [14C]- or [3H]leucine, was investigated by autoradiography. In the first and second slices a marked gradient of incorporated radioactivity from the cut surface to the slice interior was observed. Very high labelling of leptomeningeal cells and vessels enhanced further the inhomogeneity of radioactivity distribution. Light microscopic examination of incubated slices revealed morphological alterations of neurones, especially in the vicinity of the cut surface. The comparison of grain density over neurones and their satellite glia indicated markedly higher incorporation into the latter. The ATP level in slices at the end of incubation reflected the method of slice preparation and morphological integrity. Inhomogeneity of incorporated radioactivity distribution in brain slices contrasted with the uniform labelling of cortical cells in vivo, and may represent at least one reason for the low estimates of protein synthesis rate in brain cortex slices. PMID- 1104083 TI - [The 65th birthday of Prof. Mikulas Ondrejicka]. PMID- 1104084 TI - [Antistreptolysin O in subjects with incidence of group a Streptococci in the upper respiratory tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 1104085 TI - [The 75th birthday of Prof. Miloslav Matousek, D.Sc]. PMID- 1104086 TI - Mutants which allows accumulation of tRNATyr precursor molecules. PMID- 1104087 TI - The biology of bacteriophage T4 transfer RNAs. PMID- 1104088 TI - Processing of E. coli tRNA Tyr precursor RNA in vitro. PMID- 1104089 TI - Synthesis of the CCA terminus of transfer RNA. PMID- 1104090 TI - Acceleration of RNA renaturation by nucleic acid unwinding proteins. PMID- 1104091 TI - Primary processing of high molecular weight preribosomal RNA in Escherichia coli and HeLa cells. PMID- 1104092 TI - Post-transcriptional modification of nucleotides in E. coli ribosomal RNAs. PMID- 1104093 TI - RNA processing and the control of gene expression. PMID- 1104094 TI - Clustered tRNA genes in Escherichia coli: transcription and processing. PMID- 1104095 TI - Processing transcription, and translation of bacteriophage T7 messenger RNAs. PMID- 1104096 TI - The specificity of RNase III cleavage of bacteriophage T7 early messenger RNAs. PMID- 1104097 TI - The fate of mRNA and rRNA in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104098 TI - Mapping of viral-specific RNA in the cytoplasm and nucleus of adenovirus 2 infected human cells. PMID- 1104099 TI - Inhibition of post-transcriptional modification of E. coli tRNA. PMID- 1104100 TI - Processing of E. coli tRNA precursors. AB - Our results indicate that RNase P has a very general role in the processing of tRNA precursors in E. coli, being responsible for the cleavage of virtually all precursor molecules at a site corresponding to the 5' end of the mature tRNA, and that at least two other RNases play specific roles in precursor processing. One of these, which may be RNase II, is responsible for removing extra nucleotides from the 3' end of tRNA precursors. The other, which we call RNase P2, is an endonuclease that cleaves precursors in spacer regions between different tRNA sequences; this enzyme is involved in the processing of large multimeric precursors. PMID- 1104101 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli defective in tRNA biosynthesis. PMID- 1104102 TI - Further investigations of Proteus mirabilis lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 1104103 TI - Seasonal changes in leukocyte indexes in Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779). PMID- 1104104 TI - Seasonal changes in hemoglobin and erythrocyte indexes in microtus arvalis (Pallis, 1779). PMID- 1104105 TI - Demineralization of bone matrix: observations from electron microscope and electron-probe analysis. AB - Displacement or removal of mineral during the processing of calcified tissues for electron microscopy is a recognized phenomenon. An electron microscope analysis has been made of artefactual mineral loss during ultramicrotomy of osteogenic tissue. It is concluded from morphological investigation and the use of electron diffraction that this loss of crystalline mineral during sectioning can considerably change the morphology of calcified tissues and may lead to inaccurate interpretation of cell and matrix morphology. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis has been used to demonstrate in a semi-quantitative manner, the artefactual loss of calcium and phosphorus. Problems of specimen preparation for such analytical work are discussed. PMID- 1104106 TI - A modification of the Bird Mark VIII ventilator to deliver continuous positive pressure breathing and intermittent mandatory ventilation. AB - A Bird Mark VIII ventilator was modified to produce a simple and inexpensive C.P.P.B. and I.M.V. circuit. A Bain Breathing Circuit allowed the manifold to be placed near the ventilator. The negative pressure and flow to the injector produce C.P.P.B. The continuous flow of the Mapleson D Modification furnished constant inflow to provide humidified fresh gas to the reservoir and the patient circuit for I.M.V. An accompanying graph illustrates suggested flow rates and CO2 elimination (Figure 2). PMID- 1104107 TI - Obituary. PMID- 1104108 TI - [The President: Dr. J. H. Lawrence]. PMID- 1104109 TI - Experiences with the Asai technique. PMID- 1104110 TI - Vocal rehabilitation at or following laryngectomy. PMID- 1104111 TI - Air bypass voice prosthesis for vocal rehabilitation of laryngectomees. AB - An air bypass voice prosthesis and the refinement of a surgical technique has been developed. It involves a one-stage, low retrograde cervical esophagostomy that is functionally and cosmetically feasible since it permits hidden use of the device and eliminates fistula tract stenosis; and the problem of aspiration is eliminated. Most importantly, it provides a natural speech mechanism without any training period. Patients can regain immediate speech following installation of a voice prosthesis with a minimum of maintenance required. Ultimately, they have demonstrated greater self-reliance and developed a high degree of self-esteem which has enabled them to resume a normal way of life. PMID- 1104112 TI - Specific features of laryngeal carcinoma involving the anterior commissure and the subglottic region. AB - The anterior commissure may be a line or an area with the same vertical extension as the vocal cords anteriorly. If it is an area it may laterally be bounded by the "maculae flavae". The subglottic region includes the under surface of the vocal cords corresponding to the mucosa covering the conus elasticus and the mucosa inferiorly to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. Serial sectioning has proved that the weak spot of the laryngeal framework is the anterior midline as far as early tumor invasion of cartilage and extension of tumor outside the larynx through the cricothyroid membrane is concerned. Despite many unfavorable anatomico-pathological points at this site, radiotherapy gives at least as good results as those reported with conservative (voice conservation) surgery. Primary subglottic carcinomas are rare. In a series of 110 serially sectioned laryngectomy specimens only four were classified as subglottic. These tumors possess specific characteristics: an extensive circumferential growth, cartilage invasion, and spread outside the larynx through the cricothyroid membrane, to trachea or to the hypopharynx. Twenty-four tumors were classified as glottic subglottic. Three of these invaded the thyroid cartilage and seven spread outside the larynx through the cricothyroid membrane. Vocal cord fixation occurred in all four subglottic and in six of the glottic-subglottic tumors. The thyroarytenoid muscle was most freqeuntly invaded. Thyroid gland invasion did not occur in any of the subglottic tumors. A metastatic focus of tumor was observed in one lobe of the thyroid in the glottic-subglottic group. Two neck dissections were performed in the subglottic group and one of these contained a metastatic carcinoma. Eleven neck dissections were performed in the glottic-subglottic group and three contained metastatic tumor. PMID- 1104113 TI - Effects of age and of fasting on the responsiveness of the insulin-secreting mechanism of the islets of Langerhans to glucose. AB - Insulin responsiveness to glucose of isolated islets of Langerhans was studied in 'younger' and 'older' rats after feeding and fasting for various lengths of time. In 'younger' rats, after prolonged fasting (168 h) the threshold for glucose stimulated insulin secretion was increased. This was not evident in islets from 'younger' rats fasted for 48 or 89 h. Reductions in increments of insulin secretion with increments in glucose, in the maximum insulin secreted and in the total extractable insulin of the islets were apparent after fasting for 48, 89 and 168 h as compared with islets from fed rats. In 'older' rats, prolonged fasting caused an increase in the threshold for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced incremental insulin secretion, reduced maximum insulin secretion and reduced total extractable insulin. However, the responses of islets from fed 'older' rats were similar to those of fasted (168 h) 'younger' rats. The threshold levels were similar, and there were no significant differences between increments in insulin secretion, maximum insulin secretion and insulin content of the islets. These experiments show that the responsiveness of islets of Langerhans in rats can be altered by age and fasting. PMID- 1104114 TI - Factors affecting the immunizing activity of ribosomal fractions isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis strain BCG. AB - Levels of antituberculous immunity similar to those induced by live BCG vaccine were detected in CF1 mice immunized with ribosomal fractions isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis, strain BCG, and challenged 3 weeks later with the virulent H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis. The activity of the crude ribosomal preparations was found to be a function of the immunizing doses and the immunity induced by 1.0-mg doses remained at the same high level after 4 weeks of storage at 4 degrees C but decreased markedly thereafter. Dialysis and lyophilization had no detrimental effects on the activity of the crude preparations whereas purification by column chromatography on Sephadex G-200 annihilated their biological activity. Crude low-polysaccharide containing preparations were found inactive even at the 1.0-mg dose level and results of experiments performed with crude ribosomal fractions of varying polysaccharide contents strongly suggest that polysaccharides, or RNA polysaccharide complexes, may play an important role in the induction of immunity with crude ribosomal fractions isolated from the BCG strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis. PMID- 1104115 TI - Envelope proteins in Neisseria. AB - The proteins of the cell envelope of Neisseria sicca strain ATCC 9913 have been examined by SDS - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some 20 proteins were resolved from the total envelope fraction, and nearly all of these were found to be localized in the outer membrane. Preparations of the "free-endotoxin" fraction differ from the outer membrane only in lacking a few minor proteins. The behavior of several of the envelope proteins on electrophoresis can be modified by changing the temperature of sample solubilization, and also by alteration of the growth medium. Experiments with phosphate-limited cultures showed that certain periplasmic proteins are closely associated with free endotoxin. Mutations which result in altered outer membrane permeability to antibiotics were found to cause changes in cell envelope protein composition. A comparison of the envelope proteins of eight species of non-pathogenic Neisseria showed that each had a characteristic composition. A classification of the organisms based on the relatedness of the protein patterns seen on SDS-polyacrylamide gels was in close agreement with classifications based on more usual methods. PMID- 1104116 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of an Escherichia coli mutant resistant to colicin A. AB - An Escherichia coli K12 mutant resistant to colicin A-CA31 apparently through loss of its receptor sites has been isolated and partially characterized. Resistance to colicin A was accompanied with a decreased sensitivity to colicins L-398 and E2-CA42, and to acridine dyes. The mutant strain displayed the same general pattern of tolerance or sensitivity as the parent strain towards eight antibiotics, colicins C, D, E1, E3, F2, F3, G, I, K, and N; phages T1, T2, T5, T6, T7, F2, lambda vir, P1kc, phi 80, and BF23; and to methylene blue, triphenyltetrazolium chloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), deoxycholate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Conjugation and transduction experiments showed that a locus controlling resistance to colicin A-CA31 mapped at 21 min on the genetic map of this E. coli K12 strain. PMID- 1104117 TI - A replica-plating method for the identification of Micrococcaceae. AB - A procedure of replica plating is described whereby all isolated colonies of Micrococcaceae can be identified with relative ease and rapidity. The method is as accurate as the recommended procedure, but permits a more complete and economical analysis of cutaneous flora in large-scale surveys. In this system, Baird-Parker carbohydrate medium was found somewhat superior to standard medium as was incubation at 35 degrees C instead of the customary 30 degrees C. Baird Parker's broth medium for acetoin production yielded more positive results than did commercial medium, although the reactions were less distinct. However, an agar acetoin test medium was found as good or perhaps even better than Baird Parker's medium. The classification schemes of Baird-Parker and Bergey's Manual were contrasted in the analysis of data. PMID- 1104118 TI - Variation in the lethal response in mice to yeast-like and pseudohyphal forms of Candida albicans. AB - The lethal response in mice to yeast-like cells of Candida albicans grown for 3, 6, or 9 h in a defined minimal culture medium was more severe than that observed with corresponding pseudohyphal preparations. This differential effect could be only partially correlated with the greater number of viable units in respective yeast-like cultures. No significant differences between yeast-like and pseudohyphal syspensions were detected when turbidity-mass ratios were examined. The injection of physiological saline suspensions containing increasing quantities of yeast-like cells resulted in proportional decreases in mouse survival times. Conversely, when comparable experiments were conducted with pseudohyphal preparations no significant decreases in survival times occurred. The data indicate that these differences in the lethal response cannot be explained solely on the basis of a variation in the number of viable units or cell mass in corresponding yeast-like and pseudohyphal preparations. Factors contributing to this phenomenon may therefore include altered susceptibilities to host defense mechanisms in the early stages of the infectious process as a result of differences between these yeast-like and pseudohyphal inocula. PMID- 1104119 TI - The survival of Escherichia coli from freeze-thaw damage: permeability barrier damage and viability. AB - The effect of cooling rate and subsequent warming rate on survival of lactose limited Escherichia coli was investigated. As previously reported, in the slow cooling rate range, a peak of survival was noted at 8 degrees C/min with survival decreasing as the cooling rate was increased or decreased from this value. Minimal survival was noted at 100 degrees C/min; increasing the cooling rate above 100 degrees C/min increased survival. At cooling rates greater than 200 degrees C/min, the survival became dependent on subsequent warming rates. Permeability damage, as measured by release of UV-absorbing material, potassium and beta-galactosidase, and increased accessibility of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to its substrates, was dependent on the cooling rate when cells were frozen in either water or saline. For cooling rates less than about 8 degrees C/min, there was minimal permeability damage to cells frozen in water. However, at rates greater than this value, damage and viability were related; the lower the viability the more the damage to the permeability barrier. The relationship was strengthened by the observations that protectants which increased survival reduced damage as well and that at ultrarapid cooling rates where survivals were dependent on warming rates, the extent, of damage was likewise dependent on the warming rate. Saline frozen cells were damaged by freezing and thawing more than comparable water-frozen cells over the whole cooling rate range. At cooling rates less than 8 degrees C/min, frozen in water, permeability damage of cells frozen in saline increased as the cooling rate decreased. As the cooling rate was increased from 8 degrees C/min, the damage increased as viability decreased. The relevance of these findings to the two factor hypothesis of cell death is discussed. PMID- 1104120 TI - Three antimicrobial metabolites from Aspergillus caespitosus. AB - Aspergillus caespitosus NRRL 5769 growing in broth containing small amounts of sitosterol produced substance(s) with greater inhibitory activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 than in broth without sitosterol. Subsequent isolation, purification, and structural elucidation yielded 5,6-dihydro-5(S)-acetoxy-6(S) 1,2-trans-epoxypropyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (asperline (1), compound I) and two new metabolites. These were 5,6-dihydro-5(S)-acetoxy-6(S)-(1,2-trans propenyl)-2H pyran-2-one (compound II) and 5,6-dihydro-5(R)-acetoxy-6(S)-(1,2-trans-epoxy propyl)-H-pyran-2-one (compound III). These three metabolites showed anti microbial activity against C. albicans and against specific bacteria, fungi, and a trichomonad. PMID- 1104121 TI - A technique for obtaining linear heat-survivor curves with Staphylococcus aureus and its application to the assay of sublethal heat injury. AB - Staphylococcus aureus was grown in a complex (HK) medium either by a batch technique or by a modified batch technique after growth in a chemostat. These cultures were heat-treated at 52 degrees C, and counted on trypticase soy agar (TSA) or trypticase soy agar containing 7.5% NaCl (TSAS). When linear heat survivor curves were obtained decimal reduction times (D52 degrees C) could be calculated from the TSA counts and pseudodecimal reduction times (D' 52 degrees C) from the TSAS counts. The D or D' values of batch-grown cells varied from 22 to 133 min and from 3 to 12 min, respectively. With cells grown by the modified technique the values were less variable (D was 22-51 min and D' was 3-7 min). D and D' values could be calculated from the same heat treatment in two of the six estimations with cells grown by the modified technique. PMID- 1104122 TI - Methods for growing nitrogen-fixing bacteria separated from plant cells. PMID- 1104123 TI - The brain, the heart and taurine. AB - This paper reviews some recent developments concerning the "non-essential" amino acid Taurine. It is shown that taurine is important in metabolic regulations within the heart, muscle and brain. Particular attention is paid to the neuropharmacology of taurine, such as its possible role in epilepsy. PMID- 1104124 TI - The Rhodnius testis: hormones, differentiation of the germ cells, and duration of the molting cycle. PMID- 1104125 TI - The Rhodnius testis: hormonal effects on germ cell division. PMID- 1104126 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) infection in a hemodialysis unit. II. Factors affecting host immune response to HBsAg. AB - Serum from 86 hemodialysis patients, 105 healthy hospital staff "at risk" and 160 regular hospital staff was screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs). The combined prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs was higher in the staff of the artificial kidney unit (57.7%) than in the hemodialysis patients (33.7%). The healthy subjects with HBsAg infection responded significantly more often by producing anti-HBs compared with the hemodialysis patients. Twelve of 29 (41.4%) hemodialysis patients with HBsAg infection produced anti-HBs, while 17 (58.6%) remained positive for HBsAg. This differential response could not be attributed to age, sex, time spent undergoing hemodialysis, delayed cutaneous reactivity or response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). However, a much larger proportion of patients with HBsAg than with anti-HBs had previously received blood transfusions (88.2% v. 33.3%). Our results indicate that development of the chronic HBsAg carrier state or production of anti-HBs in uremic patients may be influenced by the route of immunization or the dose of antigen, or both. Although uremic patients maintain normal in vitro response to PHA and PWM, they may have depressed immunity in vivo because of a decreased total number of T-lymphocytes. PMID- 1104127 TI - Comprehensive mental health care in a pediatric dialysis-transplantation program. AB - The dialysis-transplantation (D-T) program at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto has a mental health component directed by a psychiatrist and a social worker. As of Jan. 1, 1975, 53 kidney transplants had been carried out on 44 children. Patients and their families are counselled continuously by the psychiatrist and the social worker before, during and after transplantation. Members of the multidisciplinary team meet regularly to plan treatment for the children. Mental health issues are an integral part of team discussions and help determine D-T program policy. Psychological preparation, mental health consultation, therapeutic intervention and continuous counselling prevent many of the mental health problems that plague a D-T program. PMID- 1104128 TI - Dr. John Rolph -- physician, lawyer and rebel. PMID- 1104129 TI - Conan Doyle: the unmysterious case of the physician who disappeared from medicine. PMID- 1104130 TI - Letter: More on Sherlock Holmes. PMID- 1104131 TI - Letter: The Hospital for Sick Children centennial. PMID- 1104132 TI - Physicians in literature. Part III: Oliver Goldsmith--a doubtful example. PMID- 1104133 TI - Feuchtersleben: a forgotten forerunner to Freud. PMID- 1104134 TI - Alexander J. Murchison, M.D. (1937-1975). PMID- 1104135 TI - Letter: Megavitamin treatment of schizophrenia. PMID- 1104137 TI - The implications of specialization in medicine. PMID- 1104138 TI - The Ontario Veterinary College: Temperance Street era. PMID- 1104136 TI - A review of bloat in cattle. PMID- 1104140 TI - Evolution of the team approach in breast cancer. AB - Dr. Wendell G. Scott hailed mammography as the first significant contribution to the control of breast cancer since Halsted described the radical mastectomy in 1903. Mammography as engendered new approaches and has supplied new concepts of breast cancer. Through the tenacity of a few physicians convinced something could be done for the breast cancer patient, the team against this dread disease has gradually, but solidly, been built and continues to grow. PMID- 1104139 TI - Role of 67gallium citrate scanning in the management of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - 67Gallium scans were performed as part of the initial evaluation in 45 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eighteen of these patients underwent staging laparotomy and splenectomy. In addition, scans were performed either shortly after therapy was completed or during subsequent followup in 10 patients. The initial scans were found most useful for patients with histiocytic lymphoma: in detecting sites of involvement above the diaphragm and the high para aortic/mesenteric region, and when tumors were greater than 2 cm in diameter. The addition of 67Ga scanning to the pre-operative clinical evaluation reduced the number of incorrectly staged patients from 8 to 4. Reversion of previously positive 67Ga scans to negative in 3 patients with suspected persistent or recurrent disease was associated with fibrosis and no lymphoma when biopsied. Five other patients had histologically documented positive 67Ga scans post therapy; in 1 the 67Ga scan was only definitive noninvasive procedure. Despite the occurrence of both false-positive and false-negative 67Ga scans, this procedure appears to be a useful supplement to the pretreatment evaluation of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially the histiocytic form. Confirmation of its ability to detect high para-aortic/mesentric involvement may subsequently result in a reduction of the number of staging laparotomies necessary. For the post-treatment followup of these patients 67Ga scans may prove to be valuable noninvasive investigation. PMID- 1104141 TI - Nutrition in the United States, 1900 to 1974. AB - Food and nutrient intakes are being examined for possible relationship to the occurrence or the progress of various types of cancer in man. This paper describes the state of our knowledge on the nutritional status of various population groups in the United States and on the food consumption patterns and their nutritional consequences during the 1900's. Only a few medical studies of nutritional status have been conducted on a national or even a regional basis. These extend back less than 2 decades. Dietary information is available back to the 1930's and statistical data on use of food in the United States can be found beginning with 1909. Sources of information are suggested for the use of and detailed study by the epidemiologist. PMID- 1104142 TI - Incidence of stomach cancer and its relation to dietary habits and nutrition in Japan between 1900 and 1975. AB - The diet of the Japanese people may be an important factor contributing to the high morbidity and morality rates of stomach cancer in Japan. Heavy rice consumption plus many salty foods in the diet are characteristic of the traditional eating habits in Japan. Fat intake and use of alcohol and tobacco are also considered possible factors. As the diet of the Japanese people changes to a more Western diet, there may be a concomitant change in the incidence of stomach cancer. PMID- 1104143 TI - Nutrition and tumor immunity: divergent effects of antitumor antibody. AB - Nutritional deficiency reduces antibody synthetic capacity. Antibody directed against tumor antigens, however, may serve either to heighten tumor immunity, as in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, or to diminish host resistance to cancer growth by "blocking" cell-mediated tumor immunity. Diets made deficient in specific amino acids are inimical to tumor growth, apparently through reduction of synthesis of blocking antibody. Thus, where tumor immune function is involved, complex and possibly paradoxical effects of nutritional status on tumor growth can be predicted. PMID- 1104145 TI - Is there a role for mitochondrial genes in carcinogenesis? AB - Although defective respriration is not characteristic of all tumors, recent comparative studies on the ultrastructure of normal and tumor cell mitochondria indicate that in malignant cells mitochondria deviate from normal not only in relative abundance but also in the size, form, density, and frequency of appearance of lesions. Normal and abnormal mitochondria may populate the same cell, suggesting that there may be a gradation in respiratory deficiency depending on the proportion of normal to abnormal forms. Recent advances in mitochondrial genetics suggest that aberrant mitochondria may be formed as a result of the presence of an abnormal mitochondrial genome. In analogy with the petite mutant of certain strains of yeast, animal cells may be transformed by treatment with dyes that alter the structure of their mitochondrial DNA, so that their mitochondria also become deficient in enzymes of the respiratory chain. Whether nutritional or other deficiencies are mutagenic with respect to mitochondrial DNA of animal cells is not known; nor is it known whether mitochondrial mutagenesis is causally involved in carcinogenesis. New knowledge of cytoplasmic genetics and of mitochondrial DNA and membrane structure and dynamics should encourage investigations aimed at examining the possible role of mitochondrial genes in neoplastic transformation. PMID- 1104144 TI - Effects of dietary constituents on the metabolism of chemical carcinogens. AB - Dietary constituents of 2 types have been shown to affect the metabolism of chemical carcinogens by the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system. Naturally occurring inducers of increased activity of this system are present in plants. Cruciferous vegetables including Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower are relatively potent in this regard. From these vegetables, three indoles with inducing activity have been identified. These are indole-3-acetonitrile, indole-3 carbinol, and 3,3'-diindolylmethane. A 2nd type of dietary constituent affecting the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system is added phenolic antioxidant, i.e., butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene. Studies of the effect of BHA on metabolism of bezo(a)-pyrene by liver microsomes have been carried out. BHA feeding results in microsomal changes. The cytochrome P-450 shows altered spectral characteristics, and the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase system of these microsomes has an increased sensitivity to inhibition by alpha naphthoflavone. In addition, there is a decrease in binding of metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene to DNA upon incubation of these microsomes of induction of increased mixed function oxidase activity have shown that increased levels of activity protect against administration of chemical carcinogens. BHA and butylated hydroxytoluene also have been found to exert a protective effect against chemical carcinogens. Thus the constituents of the diet could be of consequence in the neoplastic response to exposure to carcinogens in the environment. PMID- 1104146 TI - Can nutrition explain the pattern of international epidemiology of hormone dependent cancers? AB - International data on the distribution of hormone-dependent cancers suggest that they are cancers of affluence. Their occurrence parallels that of bowel cancer fairly closely in population and less closely with regard to individual patient risk. The most plausible hypothesis, although based on extremely incomplete knowledge, is that some components of the Western high-protein, high-fat diet acting in early life make individuals prone to develop these cancers. PMID- 1104147 TI - Breast cancer incidence and nutritional status with particular reference to body weight and height. AB - The epidemiological literature on breast cancer is reviewed with particular emphasis on the possible etiological role of nutritional status as reflected by weight and height. The results of a prospective study and preliminary results of a population-based case-control study seem to indicate that body size or body mass rather than overweight (obesity) is a risk factor. A considerable proportion of the differences in incidence between the Netherlands and Japan can be explained by differences in body mass. The biological mechanisms mediating nutritional status and breast cancer are believed to be of an endocrinological metabolic nature. PMID- 1104148 TI - Hormones, nutrition, and cancer. AB - The effects of obesity on steroid metabolism in women with breast and uterine cancer have been considered. Obesity may increase plasma estrone by two mechanisms, a higher rate of secretion of the estrone precursor, androstenedione, and a higher rate of conversion of androstenedione to estrone. Obesity may alter routes of metabolism of androgens and estrogens. The excretion of specific urinary metabolites can therefore be altered by obesity alone. Thus, steroid indices of relative cancer risk or responsiveness must be constructed with due attention to obesity, one of many important variables. PMID- 1104149 TI - Hormone profiles in hormone-dependent cancers. AB - Studies on the relationship of urinary excretion of androgen metabolites and estrogens to the natural history of breast cancer are reviewed. The importance of distinguishing between "within-population" studies (i.e., cancer patients versus normal controls) and "between populations" studies (i.e., low-risk versus high risk populations) is emphasized, and it is pointed out that "qualitative" agreement (i.e. the same direction of differences) between the two types of studies must be present in order to implicate a hormonal parameter as a determinant of the natural history of breast cancer. For reasons detailed in this paper, it is concluded that the reported relationship of low urinary androgen metabolite excretion to increased risk of developing breast cancer and poor response to adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy and the validity of the "estriol hypothesis," namely, that a high urinary ratio of estriol to estrone-plus estradiol in early life is protective against subsequent development of breast cancer, are both dubious. A new hypothesis concerning the relationship of estrogens to breast cancer risk is presented: "A period of of time, prior to age 30, during which the amount of biological availability of active estrogens' (i.e., estrone and estradiol) is diminished, protects against subsequent development of cancer." This hypothesis is shown to be compatible with the epidemiological and biochemical data. Reports concerning the influence of nutrition on endocrine parameters are reviewed. Inanition and obesity have been shown to alter steroid metabolism but it is not known whether nutritional "microdifferences" (i.e., differences between populations or individuals that are due to cultural, geographic, or socioeconomic factors, but that fall within the range of "normal" or adequate nutrition) can also alter steroid metabolism. PMID- 1104150 TI - Experimental evidence of dietary factors and hormone-dependent cancers. AB - Current awareness of the importance of environmental factors such as diet in the etiology of human cancer has stimulated renewed interest in animal models for studying effects of diet on tumorigenesis. Diet can influence cancer in animals by affecting the initiation or subsequent preneoplastic stage of tumorigenesis, but it has less effect on tumor growth. Caloric restriction has a general inhibitory influence on tumorigenesis. Dietary fat, on the other hand, tends to promote tumorigenesis, but only certain types of tumors, such as mammary tumors, are affected. Both caloric restriction and dietary fat appear to act primarily during the preneoplastic state, and their effects on hormone-dependent tumors may be mediated through changes in the hormonal environment. Variations in other dietary factors, such as protein, vitamins, or minerals, above the levels required for normal maintenance seem to have little influence on the genesis or growth of tumors. PMID- 1104151 TI - Metabolic epidemiology of dietary factors in large bowel cancer. AB - According to the hypothesis being tested by this laboratory, bacteria (in particular, certain clostridia) metabolize the bile acids to give unsaturated products that are important in the causation of colorectal cancer. In this paper, various dietary regimens are discussed in terms of their effect on the fecal steroid concentration and on the gut bacterial flora. The diets considered include high- and low-fiber, high- and low-meat, and high- and low-fat diets. PMID- 1104152 TI - Further leads on metabolic epidemiology of large bowel cancer. AB - Studies in metabolic epidemiology have shown that the dietary intake of high fat affects the composition of the intestinal bacteria and their metabolic activity as well as the levels of certain neutral sterols and bile acids that may act as tumor promoters for the colon. A strong association has also been established between microbially modified bile acids and cholesterol metabolites and the risk of colon cancer among different populations. The patients with colon cancer had high concentrations of fecal bile acids and cholesterol metabolites compared with the controls. It remains to be shown whether this established association is causative in nature. PMID- 1104153 TI - Cancers of the pancreas and biliary tract: epidemiological considerations. AB - The epidemiological patterns for pancreatic and biliary cancers reveal more differences than similarities. Pancreatic carcinoma is common in western countries, although 2 Polynesian groups (New Zealand Maoris and native Hawaiians) have the highest rates internationally. In the United States the disease is rising in frequency, predominating in males and in blacks. The rates are elevated in urban areas, but geographic analysis uncovered no clustering of contiguous counties except in southern Louisiana. The origin of pancreatic cancer is obsure, but a twofold increased risk has been documented for cigarette smokers and diabetic patients. Alcohol, occupational agents, and dietary fat have been suspected, but not proven to be risk factors. Except for the rare hereditary form of pancreatitis, there are few clues to genetic predisposition. In contrast, the reported incidence of biliary tract cancer is highest in Latin American populations and American Indians. The tumor predominates in females around the world, except for Chinese and Japanese who show a male excess. In the United States the rates are higher in whites than blacks, and clusters of high-risk counties have been found in the north central region, the southwest, and Appalachia. The distribution of biliary tumors parallels that of cholesterol gallstones, the major risk factor for biliary cancer. Insights into biliary carcinogenesis depend upon clarification of lithogenic influences, such as pregnancy, obesity, and hyperlipoproteinemia, exogenous estrogens, familial tendencies, and ethnic-geographic factors that may reflect dietary habits. Noncalculous risk factors for biliary cancer include ulcerative colitis, clonorchiasis, Gardner's syndrome, and probably certain industrial exposures. Within the biliary tract, tumors of the gallbladder and bile duct show epidemiological distinctions. In contrast to gallbladder cancer, bile duct neoplasms predominate in males; they are less often associated with stones and more often with other risk factors. In some respects, bile duct and pancreatic tumors are alike. The male predominance of both tumors, an association between cholecystectomy and pancreatic cancer, and other considerations have prompted the notion that the same biliary carcinogens may affect the bile duct, ampulla of Vater, or, by reflux, the pancreatic duct. Various epidemiological and interdisciplinary approaches are needed to further clarify the origins of biliary tract and pancreatic cancers, but nutritional studies hold special promise in laying the groundwork for prevention of these tumors. PMID- 1104154 TI - Developments in the epidemiology of stomach cancer over the past decade. AB - The history of stomach cancer epidemiology is reviewed. The introduction of migrant population studies in the 1960 decade that described the critical role of exposures to this disease in early life was a key event. Companion pathology studies have indicated different epidemiological patterns for 2 histological entities, intestinal and diffuse type carcinomas, and confirmed an excess of intestinal metaplasia in populations at high risk to stomach cancer. Recent results suggest that epidemiology of stomach cancer can be transformed into the epidemiology of precursor lesions, and introduction of the fiberoptic gastroscope makes technically feasible detailed studies of the relationship of precursor lesions to suspect factors, including diet, in selected geographic areas. Nitroso compounds have been identified as candidate carcinogens and the epidemiological, pathological, and chemical data display signs of internal consistency. Feeding experiments with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine have led to animal models that permit a coordinated epidemiological-experimental approach to stomach cancer. PMID- 1104156 TI - Dietary factors and special epidemiological situations of liver cancer in Thailand and Africa. AB - Incidence patterns of primary liver cancer in Swaziland and Uganda have been compared with frequency of contamination of dietary staples by aflatoxins. Geographical regions or tribal groups with elevated cancer incidence were associated with increased frequency of contamination. In further studies, aflatoxin ingestion has been quantitatively measured in populations in Thailand, Kenya, and Mozambique, in subgroups of which the incidence of primary liver cancer varied over a wide range. In each instance, elevated cancer incidence was associated with highest levels of aflatoxin intake. In view of the potency of these compounds as liver carcinogens in many animal species, these data collectively suggest that the aflatoxins are also carcinogenic for man and that regular ingestion of foods heavily contaminated with aflatoxins increases the risk of liver cancer in human populations. PMID- 1104155 TI - Role of trace elements in cancer. AB - The review considers trace elements including fluorine, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, tin, vanadium, silicon, and nickel from the standpoint of their role as either inhibitory or causative agents of cancer and also the possible use of their assay in biological fluids as diagnostic or prognostic aids in patients with cancer. PMID- 1104157 TI - Mutagenicity of nitrofurans, nitrothiophenes, nitropyrroles, nitroimidazole, aminothiophenes, and aminothiazoles in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Thirty-two heterocyclic compounds, including 24 nitroheterocycles, 7 aminoheterocycles and derivatives, and 1 thiophene lacking a nitro group, were tested for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. All the nitroheterocycles (11 new), including nitrofurans, nitrothiophenes, nitropyrroles, and 1 nitroimidazole, were mutagenic in TA 100; 13 were also mutagenic in TA 98. 5-Nitro-2-furoic acid, a noncarcinogen, was mutagenic in TA 100. Seven carcinogenic nitroheterocycles were mutagenic in both strains. Seven aminoheterocycles (4 new), aminothiophenes and aminothiazole derivatives, and 1 thiophene without a nitro group were not mutagenic. Both TA 98 and TA 100 were uvrB and lacked the ability of excision repair of DNA. Among the 24 mutagenic nitroheterocycles, only 13 compounds exhibited bacterial killing effects, suggesting that more than 1 mechanism may be involved in the interaction of nitroheterocycles with bacterial DNA. PMID- 1104158 TI - Increased expression of a normal lymphocyte membrane antigen on chronic lymphatic leukemia cells. AB - Rabbit antisera against a 3 M KCl extract from lymphocytes isolated from tonsils were found to detect an antigen of the normal lymphocyte membrane that on chronic lymphatic leukemia cells is increased in quantity. This increase seems to be specific for chronic lymphatic leukemia. A discrepancy was found between the results obtained with complement-dependent techniques and with methods wherein no complement is used. In complement-dependent methods, the antisera showed a much weaker reaction with normal lymphocytes than would be expected from the amount of antigen present, as established by other methods. PMID- 1104159 TI - The reactivity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1-2,3-dichloride, a model for the putative 2,3-oxide metabolite of aflatoxin B1. AB - Aflatoxin B1-2,3-dichloride (AFB1-Cl2) was synthesized as a model for the probable ultimate carcinogen, aflatoxin B1-2,3-oxide. As expected for aflatoxin B1-2,3-oxide, AFB1-Cl2 has an electrophilic carbon 2; it decomposed in water (half-life of 0.5 min in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide, pH 7.4) with the formation of 3 chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 and 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyaflatoxin B1. AFB1-Cl2 formed covalent adducts with DNA and RNA with retention of one-half of the chlorine; the major products apparently contained glycosidic bonds between carbon 2 of the aflatoxin residues and nitrogen or oxygen atoms in the nucleic acids. Polyguanylic acid was the most reactive homopolymer toward AFB1-Cl2. AFB1 Cl2 was less reactive toward mononucleotides than toward polynucleotides. The major adducts formed on incubation of AFB1-Cl2 with protein contained little chlorine and could have resulted from alkylation of primary amino groups or from reactions with the hydrolysis products. Similarly, incubation of AFB1-Cl2 with amino acids apparently resulted in Schiff base formation between primary amino groups and the dialdehyde rearrangement forms of the hydrolysis products of AFB1 Cl2. AFB1-Cl2 was much more active than aflatoxin B1 in inducing sarcomas at the s.c. injection site in rats, in the initiation of papillomas on the skin of mice, and in the induction of lung tumors in mice. AFB1-Cl2 was also highly mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. Aflatoxin B1 and its 2,3,-dihydro- (aflatoxin B2), 2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy- (aflatoxin B2a), 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxy , and 3-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy- derivatives were inactive in the mutagenicity tests; and the latter four compounds were also inactive as initiators of papillomas of the skin in mice. The structures of the macromolecular adducts of AFB1-Cl2 formed in vitro, the carcinogenicity of this electrophile, and the lack of carcinogenicity of its hydrolysis products indicate that alkylation of nucleic acids is a critical reaction in tumor induction with this carcinogen and aflatoxin B1. PMID- 1104160 TI - The significance of nonspecific injury for colon carcinogenesis in rats. AB - A purse-string suture was put into the rat's cecum to form a "diverticulum." When the thread cut this stitch, the resultant extensive necrotic zone healed for a long time. The presence of a foreign body (ligature) provided a permanent source of injury to the cecal mucosa. The lesions caused an increase in [3H]thymidine labeled epithelial cells in the adjacent tissue detected by means of microautoradiographs. A postinjury injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine resulted in a marked increase in the rate of cecal tumor incidence (from 23 +/- 2.8% under ordinary conditions to 87 +/- 6% and 96 +/- 4% in different experimental series). The rise in tumor incidence following injury may be due to the entry of a greater number of stem cells into the mitotic cycle at which stage they seem to be responsive to carcinogenic influences. PMID- 1104161 TI - The cell cycle and its significance for cancer treatment. PMID- 1104162 TI - Combination of radiotherapy and surgery in the treatment of head and neck cancers. PMID- 1104163 TI - The integration of chemotherapy into a combined modality approach for cancer treatment. VI. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 1104164 TI - Anti-folate resistance in leukemia: treatment with "high-dose" methotrexate and citrovorum factor. PMID- 1104165 TI - Selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages: studies with the polysaccharide component of Shigella dysenteriae type 6 lipopolysaccharide. AB - The polysaccharide component obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of Shigella dysenteriae type 6 was subjected to milk hydrolysis with acid, and the products were fractionated on Sephadex G-50. An acidic hexosaminoglycan and a core oligosaccharide fraction were obtained, the former containing D-glucose, D galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (in the ratios 1:1:1), and an unidentified acidic component (X). The hexosaminoglycan was N-deacetylated and then hydrolysed and deaminated to give 3-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D galactopyranosyl)-D-galactose (1), identified as the N-acetyl derivative (2), and 2,5-anhydro-3-O-(6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)talitol (3). On the basis of the structure of 2 and the methylation-analysis data for the polysaccharide and 3, together with that for the determination of linkage configurations by chromic anhydride oxidation, the hexosaminoglycan is considered to have the repeating structure (see article). PMID- 1104166 TI - Applications of echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Echocardiography has many attributes that are desirable for diagnostic and research studies in acute myocardial infarction patients. It does not alter the physiologic state being evaluated, is relatively inexpensive, and does not interfere with other hospital procedures. For these reasons, the test may be repeated frequently and used to monitor the changes after acute infarction. Useful information about left ventricular volume, diastolic pressure, and segmental wall motion may be obtained. Because echocarciographic estimates of stroke volume, ejection fraction, and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening are based on motion seen in only one "ice-pick" view of the heart, it is likely that they will be less reliable in patients with asynergy of contraction. Although a definite diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction cannot be made by echocardiography, abnormalities of wall motion may occur very early and support a clinical impression of infarction. An echocardiogram may also reveal changes suggesting ischemia or infarction (abnormal motion) in patients who have atypical chest pain and no other objective evidence of coronary artery disease. PMID- 1104167 TI - Pharmacokinetics of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 1104168 TI - Pacing in acute myocardial infarction--indications, methods, hazards, and results. PMID- 1104169 TI - Surgery for impending myocardial infarction, acute evolving myocardial infarction, and complications of myocardial infarction. AB - Post-infarction ventricular aneurysm, ventricular septal defect, and mitral insufficiency are all potentially amenable to surgical intervention. In each instance the results of operation and the prognosis following operation depend largely on the extent of infarction, the status of the residual myocardium, and the interval between infarction and operation. When the residual myocardium exhibits good contractility, the results are usually good. When early operation is performed in the face of a deteriorating clinical course and with poorly contracting residual myocardium, the mortality rates are extremely high. In an effort to increase the efficiency of the residual myocardium, concomitant coronary bypass surgery should be performed whenever possible. In this difficult group, more recent supportive measures such as the intra-aortic balloon pump may be particularly helpful when utilized both before and after operation. The surgical indications and results of coronary bypass surgery in impending or acute evolving myocardial infarction are not as well defined, but it is evident that myocardial revascularization may be useful in carefully selected patients. PMID- 1104170 TI - Myocardial infarction without demonstrable coronary artery disease. PMID- 1104171 TI - The acute phase of myocardial infarction. AB - During the acute phase of myocardial infarction, two groups of patients are observed. Patients in the first group have no significant complications, and approximately 95 per cent of these patients recover fully without any specific therapy. Patients in the second group may have various complications, some of which are benign, whereas others may lead to a fatal outcome. The complications may be divided into four major types: 1. Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction defects. The tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias are the most frequently encountered complications in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Tachyarrhythmias include ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation. Bradyarrhythmias include sinus and junctional bradycardia and various degrees of heart block. Those patients who are unable to reach a hospital and die suddenly presumably succumb to ventricular fibrillation. 2. Left ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock. In more than 33 per cent of patients with acute myocardial infarction, a third heart sound and pulmonary rales may be heard. If they are present for only 24 hours, the physical findings may indicate an alteration of left ventricular failure. However, if they persist for a few days and disappear after medical therapy, mild left ventricular failure may be present. About 12 per cent of patients have acute pulmonary edema, and 10 per cent of patients develop cardiogenic shock. These two complications carry a high mortality rate (40 per cent and nearly 100 per cent respectively). 3. Rupture of the heart. Cardiac rupture may occur in the free wall, ventricular septum, and papillary muscles. These complications, although less frequently encountered, cause a number of deaths in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 4. Thromboembolism. Under this category are included pulmonary embolism, systemic arterial embolism, and systemic venous thrombosis. PMID- 1104172 TI - Early and late prognosis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 1104173 TI - Hemodynamic monitoring in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Hemodynamic monitoring is necessary to assess the state of ventricular performance following myocardial infarction. The methods employed require the insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial cannula. With the information obtained thereby, appropriate therapeutic modalities may then be instituted. Hemodynamic monitoring techniques are also invaluable in the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation or ventricular septal defects complicating myocardial infarction. PMID- 1104174 TI - Computer diagnosis of cardiac rhythm. PMID- 1104175 TI - Dynamics of tissue distribution of radiopotassium as affected by simulated differences in regional extraction. AB - Simulation of tissue uptake and release of radiopotassium with a digital computer shows that tissue distribution of this diffusible indicator of regional blood flow will be essentially static during recirculation of the isotope despite large differences in regional extractions. Thus, the widely accepted view that static distribution results from homogeneous extractions may be invalid. PMID- 1104176 TI - [The conjoined Blazek sisters]. PMID- 1104177 TI - [In memory of Assistant Prof. Karel Chmel, M.D., C.Sc]. PMID- 1104178 TI - [700 years of Czech pharmacy]. PMID- 1104179 TI - [30 free years of Slovak pharmacy]. PMID- 1104180 TI - [The 120th anniversary of Dr. Jan Deyl's birthday]. PMID- 1104181 TI - [30 years of Czechoslovak surgery]. PMID- 1104182 TI - [Rapid evaluation of cardiac output by thermodilution by means of a computer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1104183 TI - The duration of aldehyde fixation as a "flattening factor" of synaptic vesicles. AB - Synaptic vesicle flattening can be induced in the excitatory mossy fibre endings of the rat cerebellum by prolonged immersion in aldehyde during fixation (with or without perfusion). The flattening is found in a greater percentage of vesicles if perfusion has been omitted before the prolonged immersion. This is discussed in relation to the various other factors that are thought to cause flattening and the important problem of the classification of different types of synapse. PMID- 1104184 TI - Variations of mitotic activity in the adenohypophysis of male rats during a 24 hour cycle. AB - The mitotic activity in the adenohypophysis of male rats during a 24 hours' cycle has been studied at the time of the spring equinox. The animals were killed by perfusion of fixative. The mitotic activity seems to be the combination of two elements: a relatively low and nearly constant activity with two peaks of high activity. The first one takes place at 6 o'clock (local time) with an index reaching 4.25; the second one occurs at 11 o'clock (local time) and its index is 2.09. The afternoon activity is weak with an average index of 0.56 between 1 p.m. and 9 p.m. The results are analyzed, discussed and compared with other results observed in different organs. PMID- 1104185 TI - Fine structural distribution of microtubules in pancreatic B cells of the rat. AB - The distribution of microtubules has been studied in pancreatic B cells of normal rats and in animals infused with glucose for various periods of time. An array of microtubules extends from the outer nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane coursing in all directions of the cytoplasmic space. Microtubules are found between profiles of the endoplasmic reticulum, cisternae of the Golgi complex and in close proximity to mitochondria and secretion granules. Insertion of microtubules in the plasma membrane is best studied in tangential sections through the plane of the membrane, the fixation of microtubules might involve microfilaments and desmosomes. The possible role of microtubules in the different phases of the secretory process is discussed. PMID- 1104186 TI - Absence of "epitheloid cells" in AV-anastomoses (AVA) for electron microscopy. AB - AV-anastomoses were studied in rabbit auricles. After perfusion-fixation with glutaraldehyde and post-osmication AV-anastomoses are to be identified only when serial sections are analyzed. "Epitheloid cells" were not seen in the walls of the anastomosing segments. PMID- 1104187 TI - Choice of antibiotic. PMID- 1104188 TI - Antibody formation in mouse bone marrow. IV. The influence of splenectomy on the bone marrow plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells. PMID- 1104189 TI - Aberrant maturational characteristics of the immune responses of NZB mice to autologous and heterologous erythrocyte antigens. PMID- 1104190 TI - The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Immunologic studies in nine patients and selected family members. PMID- 1104191 TI - In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. I. Hemolytic plaque-forming response of dissociated spleen cells from normal and primed rabbits. PMID- 1104192 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of homing and recirculating lymphocyte populations. PMID- 1104194 TI - The effect of T lymphocyte deficiency on tumor induction and growth. PMID- 1104193 TI - Lymphocyte interactions and positioning. I. Adhesive interactions. PMID- 1104195 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of normal and mitogen-stimulated mouse lymphoid cells. PMID- 1104196 TI - [Morbus Brunogallicus]. PMID- 1104197 TI - [The 70th birthday of Prof. Konopik]. PMID- 1104198 TI - [The 60th birthday of Chief Physician Jaromir Broul]. PMID- 1104199 TI - [30-years of the 2nd Eye Clinic. 80th anniversary of Academician Jaromir Kurz' birthday]. PMID- 1104200 TI - [50th birthday of Lieutenant Colonel Jaroslav Kudrnovsky, Head of the Ophthalmological Department of the Military Hospital in Pilsen]. PMID- 1104201 TI - [Survey of therapeutic preventive activities of pathological departments in Czechoslovakia during 1964-1973]. PMID- 1104202 TI - [In memory of Jirr Kruml, M.D., C.Sc]. PMID- 1104203 TI - [Syphilitic lymphadenitis]. AB - The authors subjected to histological examination a total of 38 inguinal lymph nodes from 35 patients. In 34 instances recent acquired syphilis was involved in one instance tertiary syphilis. The disease was in all patients confirmed by clinical examination, by evidence of Treponema pallidum in the luetic ulcer of the primary stage or in condylomas of the secondary stage and on serological examination by a positive BWR in blood or a positive TPI test. In three instances the histological finding in the lymph node was originally erroneously interpreted as a haemoblastoma. In two other patients the histological finding in the lymph nodes drew attention to syphilis, which before has escaped clinical diagnosis. The histological picture of syphilitic lymphadenitis in the early stage of the disease is characterized by perilymhadenitis, hyperplasia of the germ centres, proliferation of reticular cells and plasma cells and often also eosinophil cells. The finding of specific structures is rare. Vasculitis is always present. In half the patients by Warthin-Starry's method treponemas were detected. PMID- 1104204 TI - [Course of a model cutaneous inflammation on the cellular level in neuro-muscular disease]. PMID- 1104205 TI - [Our experiences in the treatment of multiple sclerosis by intrathecal administration of methylprednisolone acetate and follow-up of the cerebrospinal fluid changes during this treatment]. PMID- 1104206 TI - [The 60th birthday of Prof. Jaromir Svaty, C.Sc]. PMID- 1104207 TI - The orthomolecular treatment of cancer. III. Reticulum cell sarcoma: double complete regression induced by high-dose ascorbic acid therapy. AB - The response of a patient with histologically proven reticulum cell sarcoma to no treatment other than large doses of ascorbic acid is described. At the time of first diagnosis, the disease was widely disseminated, and a very dramatic regression of all parameters of disease activity was induced by the continuous administration of large doses of ascorbic acid. Reduction in dosage some months later coincided with reactivation of the disease process. The reinstitution of regular high-dose ascorbic acid therapy induced a second complete remission. The case report is illustrated by serial radiographs. The significance of the therapeutic response is briefly discussed in relation to general schemes of cancer management. PMID- 1104208 TI - Mutagenic activity of platinum and ruthenium complexes. AB - cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) [cis-PtCl2(NH3)2] and dichlorotetrakis (dis methylsulfoxide) ruthenium(II) [RuCl2(DMSO)4] have been tested as mutagens for strains of Salmonella typhimurium carrying the hisG46 missense mutation. Their activity, which has been compared with the activity of mitomycin C, depends on the presence in the test bacteria of the pKM101 plasmid and is affected in various ways by the function of the excision repair system. More precisely, mitomycin C is mutagenic only for strains with an intact uvr system. cis PtCl2(NH3)2 and RuCl2(DMSO)4 are mutagens both for uvrB and uvr+ strains, but cis PtCl2(NH3)2 is more active on the latter, while the converse is true for RuCl2(DMSO)4. It seems, therefore, that each drug interacts with DNA by a different mechanism. PMID- 1104209 TI - [Eulogy of Giacinto Ciaccio (1909-1974)]. PMID- 1104210 TI - [Eulogy of Rene Boisseau (1894-1974)]. PMID- 1104211 TI - [Digestive salmonellosis in South Vietnam]. AB - During the period January 1969 through October 1973, rectal swabs from 13,947 diarrhea patients of all ages at infectious disease hospital and children hospital in Saigon were examined. From these specimens 610 strains of Salmonella of all group were isolated. A total of 46 serologic types were encounted. The most commonly encounted were S. paratyphi B, S. java and S. typhimurium (group B). Most of Salmonella isolated were obtained from adult gastroenteritis. We have also studied the possible relation between human and animal salmonellosis. The rodents trapped from different aera in Saigon, fish and clams collected from different markets were examined by bacteriological surveys. From these specimens, 42 strains of Salmonella were isolated for a 2,2 percent isolation rate. Our study showed that Salmonella types which were isolated frequently from animal were encounted in man. PMID- 1104212 TI - [Effects of a unique dose of mebendazole on microfilaremia in 50 carriers of microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti, pacifica variety]. AB - Treatment by Mebendazol were given to 50 patients divided in 3 groups, the first on having s single dose of 200 mg., the second one a single dose of 300 mg. and the last one a single dose of 400 mg. There was practically no unpleasant side effect. We noticed a delayed but notable effect on microfilaremia sensibly lower than diethylcarbamazine action in similar conditions. It would be interesting to try heavier doses or iterative doses. PMID- 1104213 TI - Interactions between behavior and the cardiovascular system. PMID- 1104214 TI - Immunofluorescence method for detecting anti-myocardial antibodies, and its use in diagnosing heart disease. AB - Demonstration of autoimmune antibodies to myocardial tissue enables one to detect and assess cardiac disease long after abnormalities in serum enzyme activities are no longer measurable. We describe and indirect immunofluorescence procedure in which cryostat sections of rat heart (ventricle) and Evan's Blue counterstaining are used to detect anti-myocardial antibodies. Sena from patients with myocardial infarct or some other cardiac diseases reveal a distinct fluorescent staining of the sarcolemmal membrane. In contrast, sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosis demonstrate nuclear plus diffuse staining and sera from myasthenia gravis patients show a characteristic striated staining pattern. The role of anti-myocardial antibodies in cardiac disease is discussed briefly. PMID- 1104215 TI - The double pelican (a cautionary tale). PMID- 1104216 TI - Metabolic responses to monocomponent human insulin infusions in normal subjects and patients with liver and endocrine disease. AB - Hypoglycaemic and growth hormone responses were studied at different steady-state plasma insulin concentrations during a graded infusion of monocomponent human insulin. The control group consisted of ten volunteer subjects. The other groups studied included women taking oral contraceptives and patients with obesity, thyrotoxicosis, myxoedema, acromegaly, diabetes mellitus (moderate and severe) and liver disease. The hypoglycaemic response was measured in two ways: (i) the percentage reduction in plasma glucose below basal, and (ii) the rate of fall of plasma glucose (Kg-%/min). Insulin sensitivity was greatest in the normal subjects and in the other groups decreased in the order thyrotoxicosis greater than oral contraceptive greater than obesity greater than myxoedema greater than acromegaly greater than liver disease. Insulin sensitivity was difficult to assess in the diabetic patients because basal plasma glucose concentrations were elevated. At any given insulin concentration, the diabetics metabolized approximately the same amount of glucose as the normal subjects but the fact that this rate of glucose turnover occurred at higher plasma glucose concentrations probably indicated insulin resistance. Within each group Kg at each dose level of insulin correlated with the steady state plasma insulin concentration during the same infusion period. Diminishing sensitivity to insulin was reflected in an increasing fasting plasma insulin and insulin/glucose ratio except in patients with diabetes. GH responses to insulin infusion in normal subjects reflected the pattern of fall of plasma glucose. In the diabetic patients GH secretion appeared to be related to the infusion of insulin and occurred before plasma glucose had fallen to hypoglycaemic levels. GH secretory patterns were within normal limits in women taking oral contraceptives and in seven of eleven patients with liver disease but were impaired in three of seven patients with thyrotoxicosis and four of five patients with myxoedema. Four obese patients had a markedly delayed but eventually normal GH response. PMID- 1104217 TI - The HCG stimulation test in men with testicular disorders. AB - The rise in plasma testosterone levels following stimulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin (3000 i.u./day for 4 days) has been used as a test of interstitial cell function in normal men and men with testicular disorders. The large majority of patients with testicular disorders resulting in infertility, showed a subnormal testosterone response to stimulation. The most marked impairment was noted in those patients with the biopsy appearance of germinal cell arrest and Sertoli cell only syndrome. PMID- 1104218 TI - Incidence and significance of hyperprolactinaemia in women with amenorrhea. AB - Serum prolactin and gonadotrophin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 106 women with amenorrhoea. Prolactin was normal in those with weight related disorders, primary ovarian failure, those with a variety of systemic diseases and in those in whom amenorrhoea followed treatment with the oral contraceptive and in unexplained primary amenorrhoea. Gonadotrophin concentrations in the above patients were normal except in those with primary ovarian failure. Prolactin was elevated in eight of forty patients (20%) with functional secondary amenorrhoea and was greatly raised in all but one of the thirteen women in this series with pituitary tumours (five of whom were studied only after treatment). Only three patients in each of the last two groups had galactorrhoea. Gonadotrophin levels were normal or slightly raised in all of the hyperprolactinaemic patients apart from those studied after hypophysectomy. Four hyperprolactinaemic patients (three with pituitary tumours and one with functional amenorrhoea) who did not have galactorrhoea have been treated with bromocriptine. Prolactin secretion was reduced in all patients and, in the two with normal gonadotrophins, ovulatory menstruation was resumed. One became pregnant in the second ovulation cycle after starting treatment. We conclude that, despite the rarity of galactorrhoea, hyperprolactinaemia is common in patients with functional amenorrhoea and in those with pituitary tumours. Treatment with bromocriptine in patients with normal gonadotrophins restores ovulation when the infertility is due to prolactin excess. PMID- 1104219 TI - The aetiology and management of intersexuality. PMID- 1104220 TI - [Prostagladin synthesizing enzymes]. PMID- 1104221 TI - [Evaluation of cortisol analysis using Cortisol kit No. 1 - comparison with immunofluorescence method]. PMID- 1104222 TI - [Vitamin dependency]. PMID- 1104223 TI - [Abnormal cholesterol metabolism regulation and hypercholesteremia]. PMID- 1104224 TI - [Clinical experience with carnaculin in menopausal disorders. A double blind study]. PMID- 1104225 TI - [Effects of secretin on gastric secretion in Ghosh-Schild rats]. PMID- 1104226 TI - The natural history and immunopathology of outbred athymic (nude) mice. PMID- 1104227 TI - IgG subclasses of fluorescent treponemal antibodies: correlation with complement fixation and clinical stage. PMID- 1104228 TI - Antinuclear reactivity of sera in patients with leukemia and other neoplastic diseases. PMID- 1104229 TI - Immunofluorescence studies on renal tissue, tonsils, adenoids, nasal polyps, and skin of atopic and nonatopic patients, with special reference to IgE. PMID- 1104230 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune renal tubulointerstitial disease in guinea pigs. 1. Inhibition of tissue injury in leukocyte-depleted passive transfer recipients. PMID- 1104231 TI - Renal hypertension I. Foreword. PMID- 1104232 TI - Experimental renal hypertension. AB - The study of hypertension resulting from procedures devised to modify renal function in diverse ways has been pursued intensively in the past forty years and has contributed greatly to the understanding of hypertensive processes in man. Such procedures have included partial or complete removal of renal tissue, interference with the renal circulation and the administration of sodium and hormones promoting the tubular reabsorption of sodium. From all these studies, certain basic conclusions can be drawn. The fundamental mechanism involved in all forms of renal hypertension appears to be an alternation in the relationship between renal perfusion pressure and sodium and water excretion. The probable way in which this fundamental mechanism operates is outlined. The kidney itself is susceptible to the effects of hypertension and changes take place within it which then contribute a renal element to the hypertension whatever its primary cause. PMID- 1104233 TI - The place of renin in the mechanism of hypertension in chronic renal disease. AB - The history of the development of ideas on the cause of renal hypertension is first discussed. Growth of knowledge of renin and angiotensin from 1898 to the present is shown to depend upon better and more specific assays for each part of the system, which has enabled knowledge of the role of the renin-angiotensin system in various forms of hypertension to be assessed accurately. The difficulties of assessing varying levels in relation to their biological effect is stressed and the importance of the use of blockers of both renin and angiotensin is shown to mark a very large advance in the study of various forms of renal hypertension where there is a complicated relationship, still ill defined, between renin, angiotensin, sodium and body fluid volumes. PMID- 1104234 TI - Prostaglandins and hypertension in chronic renal diseases. AB - The role of prostaglandin A (PG A) in the pathogenesis of renal hypertension has been studied. The concentration of endogenous PG A was measured in the peripheral plasma by radioimmunoassay in patients with chronic renal disease and in control subjects. The mean plasma concentration of PG A1 equivalents was as follows: 1. normotensive healthy volunteers (n=23): 115 +/- 15 pg/ml 2. patients in terminal renal failure on regular hemodialysis a) anephric patients (n=6): 51+/- 21 pg/ml b) patients retaining their own kidneys, all but one with hypertension (n=9): 231 +/- 51 pg/ml (P less than 0.01 versus control) 3. patients with chronic renal disease a) with hypertension (n=7): 204 +/- 60 pg/ml (P less than 0.01 versus control) b) without hypertension (n=11): 136 +/- 30 pg/ml. Renal hypertension was associated with high levels of PG A in peripheral blood. This increase is probably a secondary adaptative mechanism for the excretion of a greater fraction of the glomerular filtrate at a lower blood pressure. PG A may represent a circulating "antihypertensive hormones". PMID- 1104235 TI - Disorders of mononuclear phagocyte proliferation, maturation and function. PMID- 1104236 TI - Sarcoidosis: an overview. PMID- 1104237 TI - The classic: Wiring of the vertebrae as a means of immobilization in fracture and Potts' disease. Berthold E. Hadra. Med Times and Register, Vol22, May 23, 1891. PMID- 1104238 TI - The classic. Ischemic contracture experimental study by Paul N. Jepson, M.D. PMID- 1104240 TI - [Clinical studies of reticuloendothelioma originating in the brain--a case study with review of the literature]. PMID- 1104239 TI - Compartmental syndromes in which the skin is the limiting boundary. AB - Following closed fasciotomy, skin may become the limiting boundary of extremity swelling. The resulting increase in pressure within the limb may threaten its survival. Realizing this potential complications, we reserve closed fasciotomy for those cases in which only moderate swelling is anticipated. Following this procedure the patient is observed closely for evidence that decompression dermotomy is indicated. Patients in whom severe swelling is present or anticipated are treated with fasciotomy and primary dermotomy. Wounds are closed by either primary or delayed skin graft. This approach has proven useful in the management of traumatized or vascularly embarrassed limbs in which swelling may compromise extremity viability. PMID- 1104241 TI - Comparison of erythromycin ethyl succinate, stearate and estolate treatments of group A streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract. AB - The microbiologic and clinical responses of acute Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract to oral treatment with erythromycin ethyl succinate, stearate, and estolate were studied in 303 patients. Streptococcal M and T typing was done on all positive cultures. The overall cure rate was 95.4 per cent, with no statistically significant differences in clearing organisms from the pharynx. Of the 285 cured patients who completed the prescribed follow-up period, 11 had recurrences between the 12th and 31st day after initiation of therapy, and five developed new infections. No cases of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis were encountered during a follow up study. Eight gastrointestinal reactions and one transient rash occurred. Results with these forms of erythromycin compare favorably with published results for similar infections treated with oral penicillins. PMID- 1104242 TI - Acinic cell cancers of the parotid gland in children. Comments based on two affected girls. AB - Analysis of the literature and our own experiences with two pediatric cases of salivary gland tumors have yielded the following information: 1) under the age of five years, nearly all parotid tumors are mesenchymal in origin; 2) malignant tumors of the parotid during childhood occur much more often in girls than in boys; 3) mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common salivary gland malignancy in children; 4) the second next most common is of the undifferentiated variety; 5) acinic cell carcinoma, in general, represent fewer than 3 per cent of all salivary gland tumors, and two-thirds of these occur in females. Lymph node metastasis is rare, recurrence being usually local or blood borne; 6) Acinic cell carcinoma are rare in childhood. They are not highly malignant, yet capable of killing. Local recurrences are frequent. The best primary treatment would appear to be complete surgical excision. Blood borne metastases may develop more than 20 years after initial treatment. PMID- 1104243 TI - The definition of radiological signs in gastric ulcer and assessment of their validity by inter-observer variation study. AB - The initial aim was to program a computer with information on the frequency of radiological signs in benign and malignant gastric ulcers in order to obtain a percentage probability of benignancy or malignancy in succeeding ulcers in clinical practice. However, only four of the many signs described in gastric ulcer were confirmed to be of validity (i.e. reliable existence) by an inter observer variation study using two observers and the films from 69 barium meal examinations. These were projection or non-projection of the in-profile ulcer, presence or absence of adjacent mucosal folds, good or poor definition of the in face ulcer's edge, and extension of radiating folds to the in-face ulcer's edge. A few more remained unassessed due to insufficient numbers of relevant cases. It is condluced that: as defined in the literature the majority of radiological signs in this field are of uncertain existence; and the four that were found to be valid do not fully describe the important appearances that may be seen in benign and malignant ulcers and would be inadequate to differentiate them to a sufficiently high degree of probability. PMID- 1104244 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with osseous lesions. AB - Eight cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with bone symptoms are reported. The radiological appearances of these tumours are described. The importance of radiology in differentiating a primary lymphoma of bone from a lymphoma arising from other organs which has subsequently metastasised to the skeleton is briefly discussed. PMID- 1104245 TI - Effects of metiamide on the human stomach. AB - 1. The effect of metiamide on gastric acidity in man has been studied. Solutions of hydrochloric acid or glucose were instilled into the stomach and the subsequent rates of gastric secretion and emptying, and the disappearance of acid within the stomach, were measured. 2. Metiamide inhibited the gastric secretory response to the instilled acid and glucose solutions but did not change the overall pattern of emptying of the instilled solutions. 3. During administration of metiamide, there was a net loss of acid from within the gastric lumen. The rate of disappearance of acid from the instilled acid solution was small and not sufficient in magnitude to account for the metiamide-evoked decrease in the concentration of acid secreted in response to pentagastrin. 4. We conclude that metiamide does not inhibit gastric secretion by altering the 'barrier' function of the gastric mucosa. PMID- 1104246 TI - Effect of chlorhexidine on dental plaque and gingivitis in mentally retarded children. AB - The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinses as a supplement to toothbrushing in the plaque control of mentally retarded children. Fifty-four mentally subnormal children 7-14 years of age took part in the investigation. During the first period, half of the children rinsed their mouths with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution twice a day. The rest of the children used a placebo mouthrinse. After a n 8-week interval a "cross-over" experiment was carried out during which a 0.1% chlorhexidine solution was used. Plaque and gingival indices were scored at the beginning of each period, after 3 weeks, and at the termination after 6 weeks. The results revealed that mouthrinses with 0.1% as well as 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate reduced plaque and gingivitis in mentally retarded children. The results were statistically significant (P is less than 0.05) for both concentrations. Furthermore, the investigation confirmed the occurrence of certain side effects such as discoloration of teeth and tongues. PMID- 1104247 TI - Clinical evaluation of the effect of a proteolytic enzyme mouthwash on plaque and gingivitis in young adults. AB - One hundred and thirty-one young adults were used in a controlled study to determine whether a proteolytic mouthwash produced from B. subtilis could help remove existing plaque, decrease the rate of plaque accumulation or reduce the clinical signs of gingivitis. These subjects were stratified by means of the Gingival Index and the Shaver-Schiff Plaque Index into severe or mild groups. These groups were further divided in a random fashion into treatment and placebo groups. The treatment group rinsed with a proteolytic mouthwash consisting mainly of neutral and alkaline proteases and amylase. A placebo mouthwash was used by the control group. The results of this investigation indicate that there is no statistically significant reduction either in existing plaque or in the rate of plaque accumulation when this proteolytic enzyme mouthwash is used. Furthermore, in the treatment group the degree of gingivitis as measured by the GI was not reduced. PMID- 1104248 TI - Variables and criteria in prevalence studies of dental anomalies of number, form and size. AB - Prevalence studies of dental anomalies of number, form and size have varied greatly in their findings. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate from published studies the effect of variables in sampling techniques and examination methods and to suggest diagnostic criteria. In sampling the ethnic background, the sex distribution, age and derivation of the group studied are shown to be important, but the consumption of near optimum concentrations of fluoride in drinking water does not appear to influence findings. For the examination, a dental history is important and full radiographic coverage essential. Findings should be recorded separately for each dentition, while these anomalies should be studied as a group rather than singly. Diagnostic criteria are proposed for supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, invaginated teeth, double teeth, megadontia and microdontia. PMID- 1104249 TI - Natural language storage and retrieval of medical diagnostic information. Experience at the UCLA hospital and clinics over a 10-year period. AB - A natural language storage and retrieval system initially designed for pathology reports has been in operation for ten years at UCLA Hospital and Clinics. The original system has been improved to provide a thesaurus processor with added capabilities for expanding search request terms and a newly developed set of search programs with user options that make complex and more accurate retrievals possible. Summarized diagnostic statements or impressions from five specialities (Surgical Pathology, Bone Marrow, Autopsy, Nuclear Medicine, and Neuroradiology), are automatically encoded by referencing a master computer dictionary containing a unique numeric code for each English word. Input and retrievals are batch, off line operations in free text, and are currently processed on the IBM 370/145. User acceptance is high, quality of retrievals improved, and cost is nominal. This paper describes an expanded natural language system which in now providing a viable form of information storage and retrieval for research, medical education, patient care, quality control, statistics and administrative purposes. PMID- 1104250 TI - Computer aided nystagmus analysis. AB - The electronystagmogram (ENG) is analyzed with the assistance of a PDP-8 minicomputer for calculating the instantaneous slope, average slope, lead frequency, lag frequency and cycle frequency of both the fast and slow wave components of the ENG. The ENG data is first digitized and displayed on a storage scope in order to permit the operator to select an epoch of data. The results are then displayed on the scope, and the mean and variance of the important parameters are outputted on the teletype. The programs include a system for storing a large library of records. PMID- 1104251 TI - Computer graphics--three dimensional reconstruction of thalamic anatomy from serial sections. AB - This paper describes an interactive program which uses computer graphics techniques to reconstruct a three dimensional representation of thalamic anatomy from two dimensional serial secretion. Figures traced on a Rand tablet, connected to a DEC-340 display, are digitized and scaled. The three dimensional display capabilities of the Adage AGT-30 are used to present the reconstructed structures. Two dimensional cross sections of an arbitrary plane may also be displayed. The program has applications in stereotaxic surgery, teaching neuroanatomy, and may be used to reconstruct other anatomic structures from serial sections. PMID- 1104252 TI - Responses of chronic schizophrenic females to a combination of diphenylhydantoin and neuroleptics: a double-blind study. PMID- 1104253 TI - [Friedrich Nietzache's medical report and its location]. PMID- 1104254 TI - Depo Provera: a review. PMID- 1104255 TI - The structure and mechanism of activation of the first component of complement. PMID- 1104256 TI - Immunoglobulin structures at high resolution. PMID- 1104257 TI - Lymphocyte effector molecules and cell-mediated immune reactions. PMID- 1104258 TI - Mineral interrelationships in nutrition: practical implications. PMID- 1104260 TI - Techniques of closed bone biopsy. PMID- 1104259 TI - Hematology of the neonatal calf. II. Response associated with acute enteric infections, gram-negative septicemia, and experimental endotoxemia. AB - The hematological responses of neonatal calves with acute enteric infections were compared to the responses of calves with septicemia and experimentally induced endotoxemia. The mean hematocrit of septicemic calves (45.0% +/- 7.8) was similar to that of calves with primary enteric infections (45.3% +/- 7.0) but the total plasma protein concentration of septicemic calves (5.8g/100 ml +/- 0.69) was significantly lower than that of calves with primary enteric infections (8.6 g/100 ml +/- 1.5). The difference in total plasma protein concentration was due primarily to the hypogammaglobulinemia observed in septicemic calves. The leukocytic response to septicemic calves was similar to that of nonsepticemic calves with enteric infections. In most calves of both groups, moderate but significant leukocytosis and neutrophilia were observed. Marked leukopenia was observed terminally in 2 of 9 septicemic calves but in only 1 of 26 calves with primary enteric infections. Leukopenia was a characteristic finding in calves with experimental endotoxemia. Leukopenia developed within 5 minutes following intravenous administration of endotoxin and persisted until death in most calves. In calves which lived 12 hours or longer, there was a biphasic leukocytic response with leukocytosis being observed 24 hours following endotoxin administration. PMID- 1104261 TI - Cytogenetic analysis in leukemia. PMID- 1104262 TI - Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) therapy for ischemic heart disease. AB - In 1912 Goulston advocated glucose therapy for several different kinds of heart disease, and in 1933 Shirley-Smith recommended glucose and insulin for coronary artery disease. Thirty years later, Laborit noted that treatment of rabbits with glucose and insulin prevented ventricular fibrillation induced by potassium chloride solutions. Sodi-Pallares et al, pioneers in glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) therapy for heart disease, showed not only that potassium may be a major excitant in the genesis of ventricular tachycardia in the ischemic heart but that GIK solution was capable of enhancing oxidative phosphorylation in the ischemic heart. Interest in GIK therapy for ischemic heart disease has been renewed as the effects of GIK solutions on myocardial infarct size, metabolism and electrical properties are better understood. In this paper, selected new information regarding the actions of GIK and the clinical applications will be reviewed. PMID- 1104263 TI - The evolution of intensive care units. PMID- 1104264 TI - Pneumoperitoneum following tension pneumothorax. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of pneumoperitoneum following tension pneumothorax are described. Lungs in both patients had identifiable pathology and were ventilated with high inflation pressure and moderate positive end-expired pressure (PEEP). Laparotomy was performed in both patients with no evidence of intra-abdominal viscus perforations. A possible mechanism for the production of pneumoperitoneum is discussed. PMID- 1104265 TI - Herbert Shubin, M.D. PMID- 1104266 TI - The diagnosis of brain depression in the presence of severe multisystem disease- a case study. AB - Brain depression in a patient with severe multisystem disease can be a diagnostic challenge, particularly when the patient is maintained on artificial life-support systems. A case report is presented of a 13-year-old girl with severe pneumonia who was treated with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass during which time she developed a clinical picture simulating brain death with marked depression of cerebral cortical activity on two successive EEGs. Following correction of some of her metabolic defects, the patient showed marked improvement of cortical function. Multisystem disease can be so severe as to produce a clinical picture of brain death. We wish to emphasize that brain hypofunction of depression is best evaluated by both clinical examination and the EEG, and that neither one alone is sufficient to conclude that cerebral death has occurred. PMID- 1104267 TI - Modification of the Bennett MA-1 ventilator for use with intermittent mandatory ventilation. PMID- 1104268 TI - The radiology of osseous and articular infection. PMID- 1104269 TI - The etiology of colon cancer. PMID- 1104270 TI - Lipid metabolism of the kidney: possible relations to sodium transport. PMID- 1104271 TI - The kidneys as an endocrine organ. PMID- 1104272 TI - Experiments with junctions of the adhaerens type. PMID- 1104273 TI - The role of the Golgi complex during spermiogenesis. PMID- 1104274 TI - Phenomena of cellular recognition in sponges. PMID- 1104275 TI - The extracellular matrix: a dynamic component of the developing embryo. PMID- 1104276 TI - A method for preparing chromosomes from peripheral blood in the mouse. AB - We have developed a simple, reproducible microtechnique for obtaining metaphase chromosomes from peripheral blood of live mice. The method has been successful with mice of several different genetic backgrounds and has been repeated in three other laboratories. PMID- 1104277 TI - DNA in human tumors: a cytophotometric study. PMID- 1104278 TI - Radioactively labeled iododeoxyuridine in the study of experimental liver regeneration. PMID- 1104279 TI - [In commemoration of Prof. Ignacy Pietrzycki]. PMID- 1104280 TI - [Surgical treatment of lower lip carcinoma with simultaneous plastic reconstruction of tissue defect]. PMID- 1104281 TI - [Papers on problems of stomatology published in Polish non-stomatological medical periodicals in 1974]. PMID- 1104282 TI - [A simplified method for the assessment of root canal sterility]. PMID- 1104283 TI - Editorial: Universal presence of antibodies to microorganisms in sera from normal persons. PMID- 1104285 TI - Letter: IPPB: yes or no? PMID- 1104284 TI - Isosorbide dinitrate and cardiovascular adaptation to exercise. AB - Sixteen men with well-documented angina pectoris and without previous myocardial infarction performed a multistage exercise stress test to determine their levels of exercise-induced limitations, characterized by onset of chest discomfort or electrocardiographic ischemic changes, or both. Following a control study, each subject was assigned randomly to either a placebo- or vasodilator-treated group, received chewable medication, and was retested 30 minutes after chewing the medication. Blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiographic changes were measured during rest, peak exercise, and recovery. A phonocardiogram, carotid pulse contour, and single-lead electrocardiogram were recorded simultaneously at supine rest before and immediately after exercise, and systolic time intervals were measured. Results indicated that chewable isosorbide dinitrate reduced systolic blood pressure and the triple product (systolic blood pressure X heart rate X ejection time) significantly during rest and reduced the left ventricular ejection time corrected for heart rate both at rest and peak exercise; no significant differences were observed in the placebo group. The ability to achieve an increased workload was observed in both groups, and the threshold for ischemic manifestations occurred at comparable triple-product levels in both during pretreatment and posttreatment studies. PMID- 1104286 TI - Unilateral lung function. Comparison of the lateral position test with radionuclide ventilation-perfusion studies. AB - Twenty-seven patients underwent studies of unilateral lung function by the lateral-position test (LPT) and by computer-analyzed radionuclide imaging of ventilation and perfusion. The patients were divided into two groups, symmetric or asymmetric, on the basis of the physical examination of the chest and the chest radiograph. In patients with symmetry, the estimate of unilateral lung function by the LPT and isotopic estimates for unilateral lung volume, unilateral distribution of tidal volume, and unilateral perfusion, agreed within 2 percent, 4 percent, and 3 percent, respectively. In patients with asymmetry, the differences were 9 percent, 8 percent, and 13 percent. In settings of marked unilateral ventilation-perfusion imbalance, the LPT primarily reflected ventilation. Prediction of unilateral ventilatory function based upon the LPT and spirometric measurements agreed closely with unilateral ventilation determined isotopically by 133xenon, even in the presence of chronic obstructive lung disease. Our results confirm that the LPT provides valid information about unilateral lung function. PMID- 1104287 TI - A systems approach toward the functional connections of attachment and fear. AB - Proceeding from J. Bowlby's attachment theory and W.A. Mason's arousal theory, a control model is developed that is capable of accounting for basic processes of mammalian social behavior. In particular, the model simulates the transition from a state of attachment to familiar conspecifics and fear of strangers to a stage of detachment from the familiar and exploration of the stranger. Some of the model's predictions were tested in animal experiments and proved to be in satisfactory correspondence with the behavior actually observed. PMID- 1104288 TI - [Skin plastic surgery and skin transplantation]. PMID- 1104289 TI - [Tendon sutures, tendon transplantations and tendon transfer on the hand]. PMID- 1104290 TI - Distribution of 18+28S ribosomal genes in mammalian genomes. AB - In situ hybridization with 3H 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA from Xenopus laevis has been used to study the distribution of DNA sequences coding for these RNAs (the nucleolus organizing regions) in the genomes of six mammals. Several patterns of distribution have been found: 1) A single major site (rat kangaroo, Seba's fruit bat), 2) Two major sites (Indian muntjac), 3) Multiple sites in centromeric heterochromatin (field vole), 4) Multiple sites in heterochromatic short arms (Peromyscus eremicus), 5) Multiple sites in telomeric regions (Chinese hamster). The chromosomal sites which bind 3H 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA correspond closely to the sites of secondary constrictions where these are known. However, the correlation is not absolute. Some secondary constrictions do not appear to bind 3H ribosomal RNA. Some regions which bind ribosomal RNA do not appear as secondary constrictions in metaphase chromosomes. - Although the nucleolus organizing regions of most mammalian karyotypes are found on the autosomes, the X chromosomes in Carollia perspicillata and C. castanea carry large clusters of sequences complementary to ribosomal RNA. In situ hybridization shows that the Y chromosome in C. castanea also has a large nucleolus organizing region. PMID- 1104292 TI - The origins of chronbiology: an historical outline. PMID- 1104291 TI - Rhythms and air pollution. PMID- 1104293 TI - Pfeffer's views on rhythms. PMID- 1104294 TI - Reye's syndrome. PMID- 1104296 TI - [Characteristics of immune tolerance developing as a result of transplanting allogeneic embryonal cells into embryos in the 2d pregnancy trimester]. PMID- 1104297 TI - [Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria of voles with different degrees of specialization in conditions of extreme cold and acclimatization]. PMID- 1104298 TI - [Effect of concanavalin A on the participation of thymus cells in spleen colony formation]. PMID- 1104295 TI - The function of the retina in the perfused eye. AB - The data show that the enucleated eye of the cat can be maintained in apparently physiologically functioning condition by appropriate arterial perfusion. Under appropriate conditions, photically evoked electrical mass responses can be recorded from various parts of the isolated, perfused eye for 8 to 10 hours. ERGs as well as responses from axonal bundles of the optic nerve exhibit shapes, amplitudes and time courses comparable to their counterparts in vivo. Homeostasis of the perfusion ensures the stability of these light-evoked electrical responses. Transient changes in biophysical parameters of the perfusate rapidly induce marked, although reversible, changes in the amplitudes of b-waves of the ERGs. Increases or decreases in the flow rate of the perfusate induce parallel increases or decreases in the amplitudes of the b-waves as well as of the optic nerve responses. Similar alterations in the oxygen concentration of the perfusate induce similar and proportional changes in the amplitudes of the b-waves. It is concluded, that low flow rates of hemoglobin-free perfusate induce hypoxia; consequently, acceleration of the flow can compensate for hypoxia in a certain range. Previous studies on the effects of and recovery after transient hypoxia in mammalian retina are in concordance with the present data. Progressive decrease of temperature induces gradual and reversible reductions in the amplitudes of the b-waves and increases their latencies and peak-times. It is suggested, that initial hypothermia, which occurs during the period of cannulation, reduces the deliterious effects of the coincident unavoidable hypoxia on retinal neuronal elements. Since light-evoked electrical responses can be maintained for many hours in these preparations and since movements of cardiovascular and respiratory origin, invariably present to varying extent in the in vivo experiments, are eliminated, this preparation is suitable for intracellular recordings from neuronal elements of the retina. Potentials were recorded from cells in various layers of the retina of the cat; intracellular recordings from horizontal cells (S-potentials) are described in detail. Spectral analysis of S-potentials allowed to distinguish between three types according to their inputs: a mixed, rod-cone type, which was most frequently encountered, a pure cone- and a pure rod-type. Light- and electronmicroscopic investigation of the retina after perfusion revealed that (1) the extent of cellular damage depends on the flow rate of the perfusate; (2) little cellular damage is observed if medium flow rates, which maintain physiologic responsiveness of the isolated eye to light, were applied for two hours; (3) high flow rates applied for two hours, or medium flow rates applied for 7 hours appear to induce cystic changes in the pigment epithelium, but only minor changes in the cells of the inner nuclear layer. PMID- 1104299 TI - [Complementary addressed DNA fragmentation. Chemical modeling of restriction enzymes with DNA cleavage near the oligothymidylic sequences ]. PMID- 1104300 TI - Sodium valproate and clonazepam for epilepsy. PMID- 1104301 TI - [On the 10th anniversary of Albert Schweitzer's death]. PMID- 1104302 TI - [Tourism in the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambarene]. PMID- 1104303 TI - [Etofibrate and clofibrate in a double-blind trial on patients with raised serum lipid levels (author's transl)]. AB - In a clinical trial of 21 patients with hypercholesteraemia and (or) hypertriglyceridaemia, the effects of etofibrate and clofibrate were compared with one another and against a placebo: both drugs lowered triglyceride levels significantly, but etofibrate also had a stronger cholesterol-lowering effect. Both substances were well tolerated. PMID- 1104304 TI - [Interactions of anti-infectious therapy]. PMID- 1104305 TI - [Development of Wassermann's reaction]. PMID- 1104306 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in skin changes of cutaneous lymphoma (author's transl)]. AB - In 30 patients with benign or malignant lymphoreticular proliferation of the skin (38 skin biopsies) the percentage of immunoglobulin-bearing (B) and of spontaneous rosette-forming (T) lymphocytes was determined in cell suspension from homogenized tissue. Four main classes of cutaneous lymphoma could be differentiated: lymphocyte-rich (more than 50% of the infiltrate cells, predominantly B-lymphocytic, predominantly T-lymphocytic, mixed B and T lymphocytic), lymphocyte-depleted (less than 50% of infiltrate cells), reticulo histio-monocytic infiltrates, and reticulo- or lymphosarcoma. A definite statement was not possible (other than in leukaemic processes) if the accumulation of lymphocytic cells represented the primary malignant process rather than a concomitant inflammatory reaction. A clinically useful differentiation was into hyperplasia, paraplasia and neoplasia, as this takes into account different histopathological characteristics of cutaneous lymphomas (reactive hyperplastic/autonomic proliferative: benign/malignant; reversible/irreversible; systemic/nonsystemic; metastasizing/nonmetastasizing). PMID- 1104307 TI - [Sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1104308 TI - [Introduction of atebrine into materia medica]. PMID- 1104309 TI - [Localization of urinary-tract infection by demonstrating antibody-coated bacteria in urine (author's transl)]. AB - The immunofluorescence test for demonstrating antibody-coated bacteria as a direct method of localizing urinary-tract infection was performed on 34 patients, results being compared with the Fairley test. Mid-stream urine contained at least 10(5) bacteria/ml in all patients. The direct localization method revealed upper urinary-tract infection (renal bacteriuria) in 18 patients, lower urinary-tract infection (cystitis) in eight. Presence of antibody-coated bacteria correlated well with renal bacteriuria, such antibody having been demonstrated in all of the eighteen patients with renal bacteriuria but in none of the eight with lower urinary-tract infection (cause located in the bladder). The test has proved to be highly sensitive method for differentiating between upper and lower urinary-tract infection. PMID- 1104310 TI - [Gynecomastia]. PMID- 1104311 TI - [Discovery of sulfonamides]. PMID- 1104312 TI - [Effectiveness of rabies vaccination in the dog]. PMID- 1104313 TI - [Enzootic calcinosis in cattle. VIII. Studies on the possible significance of sunlight (UV-rays) for the etiology of calcinosis as well as of the calcinogenic activity of dried yellow oat grass (Trisetum flavescens L.P.B.)]. PMID- 1104314 TI - [Examination of bulls for breeding and insemination ability in the period from 1965 to 1974 within the jurisdiction of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture]. PMID- 1104315 TI - [Deep freezing of boar's sperma. VIII. Additional laboratory and insemination tests using the Hulsenberger pellet deep-freezing technic]. PMID- 1104316 TI - [Study of heavy metal contents in single food stuffs. 2. Mercury]. PMID- 1104317 TI - [Studies on the immunosuppressive effect of azathioprine in the Gotingen miniature pig]. PMID- 1104318 TI - [Discussion comment on the publications of K.H. Bohm (1974): "Diagnostic value of serologically demonstrable antibodies in chronic swine erysipelas" and "Methodology in the serology of erysipelas"]. PMID- 1104319 TI - [Successful bloodless ovum transplantation in cattle]. PMID- 1104320 TI - [On random sample size for the determination of at least one symptom carrier in finite herds]. PMID- 1104321 TI - [Breeding hygienic studies in horse breeding in the Rhinevalley-Palatinate during the breeding period 1973 and 1974]. PMID- 1104322 TI - [Stud bulls and the freezability of their ejaculates--analysis of a year's production]. PMID- 1104323 TI - [Improvement in the first-insemination rate after insemination with bull sperm frozen in pelletform and the use of a sodium citrate-glucose solution for thawing. Short report from the practice]. PMID- 1104324 TI - [Bovine anencephalus with meroacrania and teratogenic cerebral cyst]. PMID- 1104325 TI - [A specific, vitamin A independent effect of beta carotene on cattle fertility. 1. Experimental arrangement, body development and ovarian function]. PMID- 1104326 TI - [Effect of hyperammonemia on insulin secretion in sheep]. PMID- 1104327 TI - [Possible hepatotoxic side effects of azathioprine in the Gottingen miniature swine]. PMID- 1104328 TI - [Attempts at sterilizing boars. A preliminary report]. PMID- 1104329 TI - [The effect of overdoses of amino acids on the rat fetal phase]. PMID- 1104330 TI - [The acaricide resistance of ixodine and argaside ticks]. PMID- 1104331 TI - [Deep freezing of boar sperma. Laboratory and insemination results using the Hulsenberger paillete method]. PMID- 1104332 TI - [Infectious septicemic-thrombosing meningoencephalitis in a feeder-bull unit. III. Therapeutic trials with ampicillin (Binotal)]. PMID- 1104333 TI - [Doping-case in the daily practice (short communication)]. PMID- 1104334 TI - [Influence of vitamin E- and selenium-deficient feeding on the excretion of creatin and creatinin in young pigs]. PMID- 1104335 TI - [Study of heavy metal contents in single foodstuffs. 1. Lead]. PMID- 1104336 TI - [Bordetella infection in the rabbit]. PMID- 1104337 TI - [Studies on the effect of azathioprine on the peripheral blood picture and hematopoietic organs in the Gottingen miniature pig]. PMID- 1104338 TI - [Course of blood sugar and eosinophil count during pregnancy in cattle]. PMID- 1104339 TI - [Animal and plant natural substances, leading picture of drug synthesis]. PMID- 1104340 TI - Lipid lowering drugs and coronary heart disease. PMID- 1104341 TI - [Scanning electronmicroscopic studies on the behavior of so-called caustic adhesive composite resins]. AB - Two new caustic-adhesive composite resins (Concise-Enamel-Bond and Nuva-Seal/Nuva Fil) were tested in experimentally prepared flat cavities in extracted human teeth under the scanning electron microscope. On the basis of the findings, possible failures with this filling technique resulting from insufficient adhesion of the "sealer" at the enamel are discussed, and practical proposals worked out (utilization of rubber dam, final coating with the sealer to improve surface quality and prevent marginal gaps). PMID- 1104342 TI - [The position of the sublingual bar]. AB - Improper preparation of sublingual bars favors the development of caries and periodontal disease. It is tried to find methods for determining optimum shape and location of the bars. PMID- 1104343 TI - [Studies on the reproducibility of the occlusal relief by means of various casting and modeling materials]. PMID- 1104344 TI - [Clinical studies on the short term use of "Kavosan"]. AB - The inflammation and plaque-inhibiting effect of KAVOSAN was tested in 43 probands with gingivitis in two test series. Irrespective of the type of oral care, a statistically significant improvement in the degree of inflammation and a reduction of plaque were observed after application of the active agent when compared to a placebo preparation, both in cases where plaque was removed as well as cases where plaque was not removed. PMID- 1104345 TI - [The usefulness of lateral teleradiographs in prosthodontics]. AB - Studies in 56 dentulous and 48 edentulous patients (the latter having total dentures) showed that in addition to data that can be determined accurately, less informative data can be found that is, however, significant for prosthetics. PMID- 1104346 TI - [Mesenchymal tumors of the mouth]. AB - The author describes rare cases of malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin in the oral cavity. These tumors have a poor prognosis and the majority is unresponsive to radiation. Primary therapy must always be surgery. Radiation therapy may only be applied for palliative purposes in inoperable cases, or as a postoperative treatment. An exception is the nongeneralized reticulum cell carcinoma originating from the alveolar process in which radiation may be regarded as the primary therapy of choice. PMID- 1104347 TI - The amplitude of spike in the interpretation of electromyographic recordings. PMID- 1104348 TI - Post-coital contraceptive and uterotrophic effects of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - LRH, administered subcutaneously (s.c.) or orally (p.o.) to female rats, was capable of interfering with pregnancy when given on various days of gestation. A 100% inhibition of pregnancy was demonstrated at daily s.c. doses of 1000 mug/rat administered over days 1-7; LRH also was effective as an interceptive, terminating pregnancy in 100% of rats when delivered from days 7-12 of pregnancy at a daily dose of 1000 mug/rat s.c. or p.o. An 80% inhibition also was observed in rabbits administered LRH from days 1-7 at a total dose of 1000 mug/kg, s.c. Uterotrophic studies demonstrated that LRH, administered s.c. to intact immature mice, produces a dose-related increase in uterine and ovarian weight and initiates vaginal opening. The hypothalamic hormone also produced a dose-related increase in uterine weight in ovariectomized mice and hypophysectomized rats. The data suggest that LRH has a post-coital contraceptive effect, presumably acting via hyperstimulation of the hypophysial-ovarian steroid-uterine axis, and/or by a direct extrapituitary (uterine) effect. PMID- 1104349 TI - Ultrastructural localization of somatostatin in pancreatic islets of the rat. AB - In order to determine the precise localization of somatostatin (SRIF) in the pancreas, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was performed on thin sections of whole pancreas and isolated pancreatic islets of the rat using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. SRIF was localized in secretory granules concentrated in cells sparsely distributed near the periphery of the islet. The granules were closely applied to their limiting membrane, exhibited moderate electron density, and were smaller than those in other islet cells. The location and relative number of SRIF-containing cells as well as the morphology of the granules suggest that SRIF is present in delta cells or a subgroup with small granules. These results provide evidence that SRIF is present in a discrete granule population in a specific type of secretory cell in the pancreatic islets. PMID- 1104350 TI - Immediate release of prolactin and biphasic effects on growth hormone release following electrical stimulation of the median eminence. AB - The median eminence (ME) region of the hypothalamus was electrically stimulated through permanently implanted electrodes in 1 unanesthetized sheep. Plasma concentrations of GH and prolactin (PRL) were measured at 10-min intervals before, during and after 30-min periods of electrical stimulation or sham procedures. The onset of ME stimulation decreased plasma GH in all 17 cases in which prestimulation GH levels were 1.0 ng/ml or higher. In all 27 cases of ME stimulation, plasma GH never increased during the 30-min stimulation period. However, spontaneous GH increases were noted during sham procedures in 9 of 31 cases. The termination of ME stimulation was followed within 10--20 min by markedly increased GH levels in 24 of 27 cases. All 4 ewes responded to electrical stimulation with comparable biphasic effects on GH release even though electrode locations varied slightly. These results indicate localization and stimulation-induced release of endogenous neurohormones in the ME region with activities inhibiting the release of GH (GHIF). The secondary increase in plasma GH following the end of ME stimulation indicates a reversal of conditions unfavorable to GH release. This reversal may represent a rebound from the inhibitory action of GHIF or the post-inhibitory action of a hypothalamic GH releasing factor or both. In 3 ewes with electrodes implanted in the region of the anterior ME, the onset of stimulation increased plasma PRL within 10--20 min in 17 out of 20 cases. The electrode in the fourth animal was located in the posterior ME, and when all cases were considered, stimulation through this electrode did not significantly increase or decrease plasma PRL. However, in 5 out of 7 cases stimulation of the posterior ME decreased plasma PRL. In summary, these results indicate the presence in the anterior ME of andogenous neurohormones with PRL-releasing activity (PRF). Conclusions about the posterior ME are equivocal, but this region may contain a PRL-release inhibiting compound in combination with PRF. PMID- 1104351 TI - Prostaglandin E2-induced release of LHRH into hypophysial portal blood(1). AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was infused into a lateral ventricle of adult male rats or infused into a hypophysial portal vessel. Intraventricularly administered PGE2 stimulated the release of LH, FSH, and prolactin but not TSH. Intraventricular infusion of the control solution did not alter the basal release of any of these hormones. PGE2 was found to be a potent stimulator of LH release, but larger quantities were needed to stimulate the release of FSH or prolactin. In addition, lateral ventricle infusion of 5 mug or 20 mug of PGE2 stimulated a 2- to 3-fold increase in the concentration of LHRH in hypophysial portal plasma but did not affect LHRH levels in arterial plasma. PGE2 infused into a hypophysial portal vessel at a rate of 0.167 mug/min for 30 min, or infusion of the control solution, resulted in similar changes in the concentration of FSH, LH, and prolactin in arterial plasma. The results of this investigation suggest that PGE2 stimulates the release of gonadotropins in vivo by enhancing the release of LHRH. The portal vessel infusion studies do not support a direct stimulatory effect of PGE2 on the pituitary gonadotrophs. PMID- 1104352 TI - Evidence of sequential metabolic cleavage of proglucagon to glucagon in glucagon biosynthesis. AB - Following a 30 min preincubation in medium containing no isotopes, anglerfish islet tissue was incubated in the presence of [3H]tryptophan and [14C]isoleucine for 20 min. A portion of the tissue was removed for immediate extraction. The remainder was washed thoroughly with unlabeled medium and post-incubated in medium containing an excess of unlabeled tryptophan and isoleucine for varying periods of time. The distribution of radioactive proteins in alcoholic tissue extracts was analyzed by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The distribution of immunoreactive glucagon was determined by radioimmunoassay. Following the 20 min pulse incubation, only proinsulin was labeled with [14C]isoleucine. Two glucagon immunoreactive molecules, one larger than proinsulin (mol wt near 11,400) and the other slightly smaller than proinsulin (mol wt near 9,000), were the primary proteins labeled with [3H]tryptophan following the 20 min. pulse. During chase incubations of increasing duration, 3H radioactivity appeared in a glucagon immunoreactive molecule with the approximate molecular size of glucagon and increased with chase time while radioactivity in the 11,400 mol wt tryptophan-labeled molecule decreased. With increasing chase time, the 3H-radioactivity attributable to the 9,000 mol wt tryptophan-labeled molecule initially increased and subsequently decreased which is consistent with the pattern that would be expected for a conversion intermediate. The presence of glucagon immunoreactivity in [3H]tryptophan-labeled molecules having molecular weights near that of proinsulin was established by radioimmunoassay of alternate gel slices following electrophoresis of labeled proteins recovered from the proinsulin containing portions of gel filtration eluates. That [14C]isoleucine became incorporated into insulin and [3H]tryptophan became incorporated into glucagon was established by determination of the distribution of radioactivity in polyacrylamide gels following electrophoresis of labeled proteins recovered from the insulin and glucagon containing portions of gel filtration eluates. These results provide preliminary evidence for sequential metabolic cleavage of proglucagon in glucagon biosynthesis. PMID- 1104353 TI - Nucleotide and nucleoside stimulation of glucagon secretion. AB - The effects of various nucleosides and nucleotides upon glucagon secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas were studied. Increasing glucagon secretion was found with increasing concentrations of exogenous cyclic AMP (2 X 10(-4) M, 2 X 10(-3) M and 1 X 10(-2) M). Stimulation of alpha cell secretion was also found with 2 X 10(-3) M 2'AMP, 3'AMP, 5'AMP, ADP, Adenosine, NADP, and NADPH. One X 10( 3) M cyclic GMP elicited significant glucagon secretion. The pattern of glucagon release was similar in all cases with peak secretion occurring during the 30- to 90-s time period following initiation of the stimulus. No significant increase of glucagon secretion was found in response to ATP, guanosine, 2'GMP, 3'GMP, 5'GMP, GTP, xanthosine, inosine, adenine, xanthine, thymidine, cytidine, ribose, nicotinamide, and uric acid. On the basis of the above results, the structural requirement for stimulation of glucagon secretion appears to be adenine linked to ribose, with phosphate groups being unnecessary. The conclusion of this study is that a new class of compounds capable of stimulating glucagon secretion has been identified, and important questions are thus raised about the mechanism of the action of exogenous cyclic AMP. PMID- 1104354 TI - Changes of hypothalamic LH-RF content during the rat estrous cycle. AB - Anti-LH-RF serum was produced in rabbits by synthetic LH-RF-BSA conjugate prepard with bis-diazotized benzidine. Employing this antiserum, a radioimmunoassay for LH-RF was established with the assay range from 0.8 to 10 ng/ml. Acid extracts of hypothalami from 4 day cycling rats through various stages of the estrous cycle particularly in the afternoon of proestrus were measured for their LH-RF contents. The hypothalamic LH-RF content was high at 10:00 on the day of proestrus and declined until 17:00 and thereafter, the content gradually increased to reach the basal level. Serum LH showed the highest level at 17:00 on the day of proestrus and fell at 21:00 on the same day. Accompaning this change of serum LH level, pituitary LH content began to decrease at 17:00 of proestrus. These results indicate that LH-RF released in the afternoon of proestrus may participiate to stimulate the preovulatory discharge of LH in the rat. PMID- 1104355 TI - [Nursing and the Mexican Society of Public Health]. PMID- 1104356 TI - Carbon monoxide and coronary heart disease: A review. PMID- 1104357 TI - Two ribose-5-phosphate isomerases from Escherichia coli K12: partial characterisation of the enzymes and consideration of their possible physiological roles. AB - Two physically and genetically distinct forms of ribosephosphate isomerase have been identified in Escherichia coli K12. The constitutive ribosephosphate isomerase A has a Km for ribose 5-phosphate (4.4 +/- 0.5 mM) six times greater than that of the inducible ribosephosphate isomerase B (0.83 +/- 0.13 mM). Treatment of the enzymes with 1.25 mM iodoacetate resulted in 100% loss of activity for ribosephosphate isomerase B, whereas ribosephosphate isomerase A was unaffected. Various cellular metabolites were tested and found to be without significant effect on either enzyme. The two enzymes could be separated by filtration on Sephadex G75 superfine and their apparent molecular weights were 45000 for ribosephosphate isomerase A and 32000-34000 for ribosephosphate isomerase B. Under certain conditions the two enzymes showed different patterns of heat inactivation but the results with ribosephosphate isomerase A varied in an unusual way with the protein concentration. Ribosephosphate isomerase B was formed inducibly in a mutant lacking ribosephosphate isomerase A but there was no evidence for the production of ribosephosphate isomerase B in wild-type cells. The formation of ribosephosphate isomerase B was not a consequence of the ribosephosphate isomerase B mutation, since strains could be constructed which formed both enzymes constitutively in the anticipated amounts. The ribosephosphate isomerase formed by a secondary mutant obtained from a ribosephosphate-isomerase-A-negative strain was identified as ribosephosphate isomerase B on the basis of its Km, elution profile from Sephadex G75, inhibition of iodoacetate, and heat inactivation. The ribosephosphate isomerases of another Escherichia coli K12 strain, X289, were investigated, since their properties were reported to be different from many of these described here for ribosephosphate isomerases A and B. In our hands strain X289 contained two ribosephosphate isomerases apparently identical to ribosephosphate isomerases A and B. The evidence to date suggests that ribosephosphate isomerase A catalyses the formation of ribose 5-phosphate from ribulose 5-phosphate and also participates in the reverse reaction during ribose and adenosine catabolism. The normal physiological role of the inducible ribosephosphate isomerase B is still uncertain. PMID- 1104358 TI - The energy-coupling controlled efflux of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate in Escherichia coli K 12. AB - Experiments were devised to test the plausibility and the predictions of a efflux rate equation which was previously derived [10]9 1. 2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate transport system conforms with universal laws relating zero-trans influx, influx at steady-state, steady-state levels of accumulation to external and internal substrate concentrations. 2. Full-time-course uptake kinetics fit the linearized graphical representation that can be inferred from the integrated rate equation. 3. Influx does not depend upon internal substrate concentration nor upon energy coupling. 4. Zero-trans outflux (leak inot empty medium) is a first-order process (rate constant: 0.02 min-1) and not mediated by the carrier. Absence of cis competition with D-glucuronate is in agreement with a simple diffusion mechanism. 5. Outflux increases when external substrate concentration is raised (counterflow). Outflux at steady-state equilibrates influx, and is a first-order process (rate constant: 0.15 min-1). 6. Uncoupling with azide leads to accelerate zero-trans outflux by a factor of 2-3. No further acceleration is obtained when other classical uncouplers are used. The process remains first-order, independent of the amount of carrier, and is accelerated by the presence of internal D-glucuronate as a result from trans-inhibition of the recapture. 7. Exchange outflux is all the more accelerated by azide as the carrier is less saturated. The process is clearly carrier-mediated and the outflux rate obeys a Michaelis law with respect to internal concentration. V is equal to V for influx. 8. Homo and hetero-overshoot experiments are in agreement with the participation of the carrier for mediating influx as well as outflux. 9. The kinetics of D glucuronate outflux in a strain lacking the specific hexuronate permease but carrying the 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glucuronate permease are similar to those obtained with 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate. We draw the conclusion that energy-coupling promotes the adjustment of outflux without interfering with influx rate. It apparently acts by reducing, in a continuous range, the affinity of the carrier facing inwards. The discussion is focused on the comparison with previously published models and on possible molecular mechanisms. PMID- 1104359 TI - Altered alpha subunits in phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases from p fluorophenylalanine-resistant strains of Escherichis coli. AB - Three different phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases have been purified to near homogeneity, one from a wild-type strain of Escherichia coli and the others from two independently isolated p-fluorophenyalanine-resistant strains. The mutant enzymes were not able to use p-fluorophenylalanine as a substrate for activation and attachment to tRNA. They proved to be indistinguishable from the wild-type enzyme by several electrophoretic and immunological criteria. The alpha and beta subunits of all three enzymes have been prepared by a method described in this paper. The isolated subunits per se did not reveal any significant enzyme activity, but combined they were able to form active phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase after a defined reconstitution process. Mixed reconstitution experiments between wild-type and mutant subunits indicate that the mutant alpha subunit is responsible for p-fluorophenylalanine resistance and therefore seems to carry the phenylalanine-binding site or to participate in its formation. PMID- 1104360 TI - Tertiary structure of tRNAPhe (yeast): kinetics and electrostatic repulsion. AB - Conditions were established that allowed the observation of the unfolding of the tertiary structure of tRNAPhe (yeast) without the interference of either secondary structure or low salt aberrant structures. Relaxation kinetics of tertiary structure melting show that the reaction proceeds according to co operative all-or-none mechanism. The negative activation enthalpy of formation (delta H+ + R = -14 +/- 5 kcal/mol, -59 +/- 21 kJ/mol) implies a fast pre equilibrium preceding the rate-limiting step. The ionic strength dependence of the corresponding rate constant demonstrates that most of the electrostatic repulsion characteristic of tertiary structure folding is overcome before the rate-limiting step is reached. On the other hand, most of the stabilizing enthalpy change occurs after the rate-limiting step. At the usual ionic strength (0.1 M Na+) tertiary structure folding is about 100 times slower than double helix formation. Extrapolation of the rate constants to high ionic strengths, however, indicates that the dynamic differences between secondary and tertiary structure are only due to electrostatic repulsion. The stabilization of tertiary structure by alkaline salts is increased by decreasing the cationic radius. Double helices show virtually no dependence on the radius of monovalent cations. This indicates considerable geometric restrictions for the stabilization of tertiary structure. PMID- 1104361 TI - Clonazepam in facial neuralgia and cluster headache. Clinical and electrophysiological study. AB - Clonazepam seems to be an effective drug in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Electrophysiological investigations support the idea that this neuralgia is due to a loss of central inhibition. During the first 1-2 weeks of treatment marked drowsiness is observed in the majority of cases. In one case, presence of a synergism between Clonazepam and L-dopa+ inhibitor was also observed. PMID- 1104362 TI - Language training for the severely retarded: five years of behavior analysis research. PMID- 1104363 TI - The significance of phase 4 depolarization for clinical electrocardiography. PMID- 1104364 TI - Use of atrial and bifocal cardiac pacemakers for treating resistant dysrhythmias. AB - Several permanent cardiac pacing techniques have been utilized to control resistant cardiac arrhythmias. SA block, sinus arrest and intermittent ventricular tachycardia was controlled by the use of an atrial 'J' catheter and a rate programmable demand pacemaker. When these arrhythmias were associated with AV conduction delay they were managed with an AV sequential pacemaker with the additional insertion of a ventricular pacing lead. Appropriate adjustment of the AV sequential interval inhibited reciprocal AV or VA reentry thus controlling reciprocal tachycardia. Frequent ventricular premature systoles or intermittent ventricular tachycardia with in appropriately delayed sinus or subsidiary escape cycle lengths appear best managed by an AV sequential pacemaker by adjusting the atrial return cycle. Intractable atrial reentry tachycardias appear best managed by paired or rapid atrial stimulating pacemakers. Development of variable atrial rate, AV sequential and atrial return cycle activating pacemakers offer an effective control of resistant cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 1104365 TI - Analysis of T-cell-specific functions in continuous lymphocytic cell lines. I. Combined expression of thymocyte antigen and MIF Production in rat--mouse hybrid lines. PMID- 1104366 TI - Immunofluorescent study of histone fractions F1 and F2a-1 in cultured cells. PMID- 1104367 TI - Gene expression of foreign metaphase chromosomes introduced into cultured mammalian cells? PMID- 1104368 TI - Cell surface location of discoidin, a developmentally regulated carbohydrate binding protein from Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 1104369 TI - Electron microscopic autoradiographic and electron microscopic immunohistochemical studies on the anti-HPO antibody-producing cells. PMID- 1104370 TI - Random segregation of sister chromatids in meristematic cells. PMID- 1104371 TI - Range of xenogeneic donors whose hematopoietic cells can form colonies on macrophage layer of mice. AB - The colony-forming ability of hematopoietic cells derived from 18 species of rodents was examined on the mouse macrophage layer which formed on a cellulose acetate membrane inserted into the peritoneal cavity of mice. Bone marrow cells of 12 xenogeneic species made a considerable number of colonies on the mouse macrophage layer. However, there was no parallelism between the colony-forming ability of the cells and donor's taxonomic relationship to the mouse. PMID- 1104372 TI - The role of a thymus humoral factor in the proliferation of bone marrow CFU-S from thymectomized mice. AB - The colony forming capacity of bone marrow cells from thymectomized mice was shown to be reduced as compared to that of bone marrow cells from normal donors. A further indication of changes in the proliferative capacity of colony forming cells (CFU-S), following thymectomy, was given by examination of the sensitivity of these cells to chlorambucil and by 3H-thymidine 'suicide' experiments; both showed that CFU-S from thymectomized mice were not cycling at the same rate as normals. It was also found that in late pregnancy of thymectomized females, there is an elevation in the number of bone marrow CFU-S and an increase in cell cycling. Such an increase could also be achieved by implantation, into thymectomized mice, of thymus lobes in closed diffusion chambers. Finally, in vitro administration of a thymus hormone (THF) reversed the suppressive effect of thymectomy on DNA synthesis in bone marrow CFU-S. Since the action of THF was restricted to bone marrow cells of thymectomized mice it is plausible that normal bone marrow contains at least two subpopulations of CFU-S, one of which is dependent upon a humoral product of the thymus. PMID- 1104373 TI - Edward W. Dempsey (1911-1975). Associate editor, Experimental Neurology. PMID- 1104374 TI - [Heparin: chemico-pharmacological characteristics]. PMID- 1104375 TI - In situ hybridization of chromosome loci. AB - In situ hybridization is potentially the most powerful technique available for gene mapping, and has already been proved to be useful for these studies. By a combination of the isolation of pure protein-specific mRNA and the synthesis of high specific activity radioactive cDNA to it, this procedure should rapidly increase our knowledg of gene locations, linkages, and possible even heretofore undetectable minor deletions. Studies with in situ hybridization are summarized and some of the questions regarding specificity, grain development, and the like are considered. PMID- 1104376 TI - [Georgii Fedorovich Lang (100 years since his birth)]. PMID- 1104377 TI - [V.V. Stroganov (1857-1938), an outstanding scientist obstetrician]. PMID- 1104378 TI - [V.P. Filatov, an academician--an outstanding Soviet scientist (100 years since his birth)]. PMID- 1104379 TI - Different effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on neonatal immunological tolerance to HSA in rabbits and chickens. AB - Addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to HSA during repeated immunization of rabbits neonatally rendered tolerant to HSA led to anti-HSA antibody formation in 4 out of 5 animals. In all 6 tolerant animals immunized with HSA alone tolerance persisted after cessation of the immunization series, as shown by non-immune elimination of 125I-HSA. On the other hand, immunization with HSA together with different doses of LPS did not increase anti-HSA antibody levels in tolerant and control chickens. PMID- 1104380 TI - [The 80th birthday of Karl Linser, Sept 10, 1975]. PMID- 1104381 TI - [The 70th birthday of Jan Konopik (Prague) on Oct 9, 1975]. PMID- 1104382 TI - Spring in autumn. PMID- 1104383 TI - The Second Thudichum Lecture. Cerebral isolates and neurochemical discovery. PMID- 1104384 TI - A note on the life of J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901). PMID- 1104385 TI - Lipids and cell fusion. PMID- 1104386 TI - The three-dimensional structure of yeast phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid and its interaction with aminoacyl synthetases. PMID- 1104387 TI - The relation of structure and function of transfer ribonucleic acid, with special reference to phenylalanine and methionine transfer ribonucleic acids. PMID- 1104388 TI - The renaturation of subunits and subunit fragments of escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase. PMID- 1104389 TI - Chemical modification of ribonucleic acid polymerase with N-bromosuccinimide. PMID- 1104390 TI - The recognition of methionine analogues by Escherichia coli methionyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. PMID- 1104391 TI - The nitrate respiration complex of Escherichia coli: subunit composition. PMID- 1104392 TI - The size of nitrate reductase in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104393 TI - Studies on free calcium inside pigeon erythrocyte 'ghosts' by using the calcium activated luminescent protein, obelin. PMID- 1104394 TI - The role of unsaturated fatty acids in mitochondrial membrane functions. PMID- 1104395 TI - Distribution of LH-RH in subcellular fractions of the basomedial hypothalamus. AB - Subcellular fractionation of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and other brain structures was achieved by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation. The fractions were monitored by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (a marker for the soluble cytoplasmic fraction) and by electron microscopic examination. The luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone (LH-RH) content of the fractions was evaluated both by bioassay and radioimmunoassay. Significant amounts of LH-RH were found only in the MBH and in an anterobasal location corresponding to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. Within these areas, LH-RH activity was present in the first supernatant (homogenate with the exclusion of the nuclear pellet). Seventy percent of the LH-RH activity was recovered in the crude mitochondrial fraction. After further fractionation on a sucrose gradient, the distribution of LH-RH was parallel with that of LDH activity. Since LDH is predominantly located in the synaptosomal soluble fraction, it is concluded that the vast majority of LH-RH is contained within nerve endings. This finding is consistent with cyto-immunological data on the distribution of the neuropeptide in the rat hypothalamus. PMID- 1104396 TI - Precocious induction of activation responses in amphibian oocytes by divalent ionophore A23187. PMID- 1104397 TI - Insulin secretion in the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Dose and time kinetic studies with glucose in vivo and in vitro. AB - Plasma insulin responses to the intravenous injection of glucose in the doses of 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 gm./kg. were compared in spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) and weight-matched Swiss albino mice. The mean early (two-minute) plasma insulin response was significantly lower in Acomys at all doses of glucose injected; whereas, at later times (5, 15, and 30 minutes), differences in plasma insulin concentrations in the two species of mice were smaller or nonexistent. Plasma glucose clearance was significantly less in the Acomys. In terms of glucose dose kinetics, there was a decreased capacity of the mean plasma insulin response in Acomys compared with albino mice at two minutes; whereas, at later times, the mean dose response curve for Acomys was shifted to the right of that for albino mice, indicating a decreased sensitivity to glucose in the Acomys. There was, however, a large variation between the plasma insulin responses of the eight individual Acomys mice tested. There was a significant correlation in individual Acomys between the plasma insulin response, expressed as an insulinogenic index, integrated over the thirty minutes after injection of glucose 3.0 gm./kg. in vivo, and the insulin released from pancreatic islets obtained from the corresponding Acomys and perifused for thirty minutes with glucose 1,000 mg./100 ml. in vitro (r = 0.77, p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the rate and magnitude of the insulin response to glucose in an individual Acomys reflects mainly the degree of sensitivity to glucose of the pancreatic beta cells in that animal. PMID- 1104398 TI - Amylase, isoamylase and macroamylase. AB - Hyperamylasaemia has long been regarded as pathognomonic of acute pancreatitis. However, recent work has revealed a number of conditions where a gross elevation may be an incidental finding, notably diabetic ketoacidosis. The recent discovery of 'macroamylase', a high molecular weight amylase-protein complex capable of producing hyperamylasaemia with low urine amylase, has further complicated diagnosis and has led to the introduction of the ratio of amylase clearance to creatinine clearance as a diagnostic aid. Serum amylase may be resolved, by most electrophoretic media, into bands which correspond to those obtained when pancreatic homogenates or saliva are electrophoresed. The initial promise of this technique has not been realised at the routine diagnostic level. Duodenal juice amylase has been the classical enzyme used in assessing exocrine pancreatic function and although it is still of value it is being amplified by other enzyme tests. PMID- 1104399 TI - Recent advances in the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AB - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography can become a safe and easy procedure by means of sterilization of the instruments. Administration of antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents, both systemically and mixed with the contrast material, and measurement and control of the injection pressure of the contrast medium using a manometer are employed to achieve as aseptic an operation as possible. For diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in its early stage, as well as diagnosis of minimal and moderate chronic pancreatitis, opacification should extend into not only the main pancreatic duct, but also branches of the pancreatic duct and fine pancreatic ducts. The procedure is one of the most reliable methods for the detection of diseases of pancreatic and biliary systems, especially for the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions such as malignant tumors, and chronic inflammatory changes of the pancreas, as well as differential diagnosis in jaundiced patients. PMID- 1104400 TI - Comparative nutritional analysis of chemically defined diets. AB - Low residue, chemically defined diets containing all essential nutrients in a readily assimilated form, require minimal digestion and are almost entirely absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Within the past decade, these diets have been reported to provide nutritional support in a variety of clinical situations. The chemically defined diets presently available commercially differ in several respects. In order to provide optimal nutritional care utilizing chemically defined diets, the physician should compare the diet formulas and make the most appropriate choice for each individual patient. A comparative nutritional analysis of the currently available chemically defined diets is given. PMID- 1104401 TI - The role of endotoxin in liver injury. AB - Evidence is present that a common pathway for hepatic injury by a variety of agents may result from impairment of the liver's ability to detoxify bacterial endotoxins from the gastrointestinal tract. Many factors may structurally, metabolically, or hormonally alter the normal liver's ability to render innocuous the small amounts of lipopolysaccharide ordinarily presented to it. This impairment may accentuate existing hepatic damage by allowing toxic levels of endotoxin to develop in the liver tissue, and by allowing endotoxin entry into the systemic circulation, may also lead to extrahepatic effects. Studies are cited that: (1) support a role for intraintestinal endotoxin in the development of experimental cirrhosis. (2) demonstrate how liver injury alters endotoxin detoxification, (3) examine the role of intestinal production and absorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in liver disease, and (4) point to a role for endotoxemia in extrahepatic manifestations of liver injury as well. Studies are also reviewed that suggest possible mechanisms for modifying endotoxicity in hepatic damage. PMID- 1104402 TI - Primary gastric candidiasis in uncompromised subjects. PMID- 1104403 TI - [Eulogy to Gunther Hertwig given at the Grand Chapter of the Getrauden Cemetry in Halle (Saale) on August 10, 1970]. PMID- 1104404 TI - Polarity in segments of the Escherichia coli trp operon with deleted intraoperonic translational initiation signals. AB - The effect of deletion of the operator-distal genes of the trp operon, including the trpE-trpD intercistronic punctuation point, on the degree of transcriptional polarity (in this case the effect of a nonsense mutation on the level of mRNA from the distal part of the very gene where the mutation is located) was investigated. Double mutants which contain a nonsense mutation and a deletion in trpE were constructed, and the degree of transcriptional polarity was estimated by the decrease in messenger RNA for the operator-distal trpE beyond the nonsense mutation, as well as by the production of truncated messenger RNA for the region of trpE proximal to the nonsense mutation. The content of mRNA of operator-distal trpE and the size of the mRNA of operator-proximal trpE of the double mutants show that transcriptional polarity is not relaxed as a function of distance of the nonsense mutation from the operator-distal end of the trpE segment (at which the subsequent high efficiency translational initiation signal has been deleted). These findings are consistent with the conclusion that the degree of polarity depends on the distance of the nonsense mutation from the subsequent translation initiation signal, but not on its distance from the operator-distal end, including possible translational or transcriptional termination signals. PMID- 1104406 TI - The effects of combining carbidopa with levodopa for Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1104405 TI - Effects of glucose repression of the transmission and recombination of mitochondrial genes in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). AB - Matings of a number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae stocks give different output ratios of mitochondrial genotypes depending on whether the cells are glucose repressed or derepressed. The effects of glucose repression are independent of cellular mating type and mitochondrial genotype, and take place at least in part after zygotes are formed. An explanation is proposed in terms of changes in the relative numbers of mitochondrial DNA molecules contributed by the a and alpha parents, modified by selective replication or destruction of molecules inside the zygote. PMID- 1104407 TI - The writer as an old woman. PMID- 1104408 TI - The quality of research is strained. PMID- 1104409 TI - [External suture of the uterine cervix with the use of perforated alloplastic plates in cases of cervical canal internal os incompetency in pregnancy]. PMID- 1104410 TI - Antibodies to Escherichia coli in chronic liver diseases. AB - Patients with chronic active hepatitis or alcoholic cirrhosis have serum antibodies to many more serotypes of Escherichia coli than do patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or cryptogenic cirrhosis, or normal controls. They also have antibodies against more serotypes than cirrhotic patients with a portacaval shunt. These observations suggest that factors other than shunting of blood away from the liver are responsible for the increased range of antibodies. These factors are discussed. There was no correlation between the number of serotypes to which antibodies were present and the serum immunoglobulin concentration. In three patients, each with chronic active hepatitis, the antibodies were predominantly of the IgM class, while the elevation of globulin in general was mainly due to increased IgG and IgA levels. Antibodies to Escherichia coli, therefore, probably contribute only a small part of the increased globulin levels found in patients with chronic liver disease. PMID- 1104411 TI - Prednisone for chronic active liver disease: dose titration, standard dose, and combination with azathioprine compared. AB - Among 120 consecutive patients with chronic active liver disease (CALD) randomized to different treatments, those receiving maintenance doses of prednisone 20 mg daily (Pred), prednisone in doses given on alternate days and titrated to secure resolution of clinical and biochemical abnormalities (Pred Titrad), or a combination of prednisone 10 mg and azathioprine 50 mg daily (Comb) survived and underwent resolution of clinical and biochemical features of disease more often than a control group receiving placebo or azathioprine 100 mg daily. Histological remission occurred significantly more often with Pred and Comb than with other regimens. Major side-effects of therapy were commoner with Pred than with Comb or Pred-Titrad, which did not differ. We conclude that Comb is the initial treatment of choice for CALD, since clinical, biochemical, and histological resolution of disease activity occurs as often as with Pred, whereas early side-effects are significantly less frequent. PMID- 1104412 TI - Effect of urogastrone on gastric secretion and plasma gastrin levels in normal subjects. AB - Purified human urogastrone was given by intravenous infusion to 12 normal volunteer subjects and measurements made of gastric acid, pepsin and intrinsic factor secretion, and of plasma gastrin concentration. Clinical, haematological, and biochemical screening tests were made throughout the period of study. Urogastrone inhibited acid and intrinsic factor secretion whether stimulated by pentagastrin, histamine, or insulin, but had a much less marked effect on gastric pepsin output. Plasma gastrin levels did not alter significantly. Limited dose response studies showed that 0-25 mug urogastrone kg--1 hr--1 resulted in inhibition of acid output of 80% and was not associated with clinical side effects. No significant alteration in any of the haematological or biochemical measurements was observed in any of the subjects. PMID- 1104413 TI - The agglutinating antibody response in the duodenum in infants with enteropathic E. coli gastroenteritis. AB - The agglutinating antibody responses in duodenal fluid and serum were measured serially in 15 infants with enteropathogenic E. coli gastroenteritis. Peak levels of duodenal agglutinins were recorded eight to 18 days after the onset of symptoms, and the titres fell within the next seven to 14 days. These antibodies were mainly of the IgA class but IgM antibodies were detected early in the response, especially in the youngest infants. Serum antibody responses were detected in eight patients, but they correlated poorly with the titres of intestinal antibodies. No rise in serum antibodies was found in six infants. Further studies are required to determine whether these differences are host derived or whether they reflect different pathogenic properties of the infecting organisms. PMID- 1104415 TI - [Bilateral Candida albicans endophthalmitis in Candida septicemia]. PMID- 1104414 TI - Progress report. Normal and abnormal food intake. PMID- 1104416 TI - 70th birthday of academician V. S. Yershov. PMID- 1104417 TI - Physical simulation in epizootology of non-transmissive zoonoses. PMID- 1104418 TI - The role of mammals in the circulation of Tahyna virus. PMID- 1104419 TI - Detection of antibody in white mice infected with Plasmodium berghei by means of the indirect immunofluorescence test. AB - Experiments have been conducted in order to test the efficacy of the immunofluorescence test in the detection of antibody in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei Vincke et Zips, 1948. This method enables the detection of antibody in subclinical and latent cases when an occasional parasite only is present in the blood cells. Of the various methods used for the preparation of antigen, and of the various fixatives, a satisfactory immunofluorescence reaction was obtained if unfixed erythrocytes without their plasma were used as the antigen. PMID- 1104420 TI - [Metabolism of arsenic (15). Influence of arsenic antidotes on intestinal absorption of arsenic trioxide]. AB - A loop ligated at both sides was made in the ilecoecal portion of rabbit intestine. As2O3 solution was infused into this loop and the blood circulating around this loop was collected from the cannulated vein. As2O3 content absorbed in blood as well as that remaining in this loop were determined. In control rabbits on no drugs, approx. 30% of As2O3 infused was absorbed into the blood in 60 minutes. However, in rabbits on parenteral dimercaprol (BAL) or thioctic acid (TA), the content of As2O3 absorbed into the blood decreased remarkably while the content of As2O3 remaining in the loop increased. On the other hand, even when BAL or TA were added directly into thip loop containing As2O3, the content of As2O3 absorbed in blood decreased markedly, compared with that of the control group. Thus it was demonstrated that BAL or TA combined with AsO3(3-) after being excreted into the intestinal tract from the bile-duct, bringing about inhibition of the enteral absorption of As2O3. PMID- 1104421 TI - Professor Dr. Josef Babicka, DrSc. 1905--1975. PMID- 1104422 TI - The chitin-glucan complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. III. Electron-microscopic study of the prebudding stage. AB - Differentiation of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the site of the future bud was followed. A lentil-like structure originates on the inner side of the cell wall during the first phase. At the same time, an electron-dense layer occurs at the boundary between the inner layer of the cell wall and the lentil like structure. During the second phase granular material is accumulated at the lower side of the lentil-like structure. During the third phase the lentil-like structure is split apart due to proliferation of the granular material resulting in formation of the base of the encircling region. The marked electron-dense layer observed from the first phase is attached to the surface of the encircling region during differentiation of the latter. During the budding proper the outer layers of the cell wall protrude and the end of the encircling region, together with the adjacent electron-dense layer, acquire their definitive appearance of rings, observed as marked electron-transparent and electron-dense tears on ultrathin sections. PMID- 1104423 TI - Possibilities of the conjugation process in mycobacteria. AB - Results obtained when studying conjugation in mycobacteria by means of different methods are summarized. The method of conjugation on surface of a solid complete medium was tested with different auxotrophic mutants of different strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis. It was not possible to obtain positive results even by means of the above method. This was probably due to unsuitability of the chosen strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Preparation of the donor strain by transfer of the F factor from Escherichia coli F'ORF 1 ade+ lac+ pro+ to Mycobacterium phlei PA ade Stmr by means of sexduction is described. Frequency of the phenotype PA ade+ Stmr increased in the average by two and a half orders of magnitude with respect to the control, however, a further transfer from cultures of the cells ade+ Stmr to cells ade could not be demonstrated. Experiments aimed at transferring the R factor from strains Escherichia coli K-12 to Mycobacterium phlei were unsuccessful. PMID- 1104424 TI - Effect of tweens on the production of ergot alkaloids by Aspergillus fumigatus. AB - Tween 80, which caused increased biomass formation, also produced the highest increase in the uptake rate of all components of the medium. The fatty acid components of the respective Tweens, i.e. palmitic acid (Tween 40), stearic acid (Tween 60), and oleic acid (Tween 80), have no effect either on alkaloid production or on substrate uptake. The fatty acid composition was different in the cell membrane of the culture supplemented with Tween 60 and facilitated the transport of metabolites into the cells. PMID- 1104426 TI - Dr. Jiri Kruml, CSc. 1925-1975. PMID- 1104425 TI - The role of immune pig colostrum, serum and immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA, in local intestinal immunity against enterotoxic strain in Escherichia coli O55 in germfree piglets. AB - The protective effect of pig immune colostrum, serum and immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA against the enterotoxic strain of Escherichia coli O55, was studied in newborn germfree piglets. This strain produced accumulation of fluid and dilatation of intestine when injected into the ligated ileal segment of germfree piglets, which is considered to be the typical effect of enterotoxins. Erosion of the intestinal epithelium and penetration of bacteria into the submucosa were also observed. Immune serum, colostrum and all the immunoglobulin classes used produced a local protective effect, IgA being most effective. The mechanism of protection conferred by these immunoglobulins is discussed with respect to the possible pathogenic action of enterotoxic Escherichia coli O55 in the intestinal tract of immunologically virgin germfree piglets. PMID- 1104427 TI - Attempt to enhance resistance to infection in 6-mercaptopurine treated mice by lysozyme administration and immunization with Escherichia coli O86 antigen. AB - Long-term immunosuppressive therapy of mice with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) for 2 and/or 3 weeks results in partial lethality, decrease of total leukocyte count, of serum lysozyme level and in bacteremia. The adverse effect of 6-MP treatment could not be prevented by lysozyme administration; immunization with Escherichia coli O86 antigen further increased the lethality of 6-MP in mice. The results stress the potential danger of immunization with bacterial antigens during immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 1104428 TI - The influence of milk and related dietary constituents on lead metabolism. PMID- 1104429 TI - [Experiences with Neuner's wire osteosynthesis in the functional treatment of jaw fractures]. PMID- 1104430 TI - [Experiences with intra-oral wire osteosynthesis in mandibular fractures]. PMID- 1104431 TI - [Morris' apparatus in the treatment of jaw fractures]. PMID- 1104432 TI - [Studies on infective complications after conservative or surgical management of mandibular fractures]. PMID- 1104433 TI - [Results of surgical management of zygomatic fractures (with special reference to fracture classification)]. PMID- 1104434 TI - [Studies for the treatment planning in orbital fractures]. PMID- 1104435 TI - [Various bone materials for the reconstruction of defects of the orbital floor]. PMID- 1104436 TI - [Treatment of fractures in children]. PMID- 1104437 TI - [Experimental and histological studies in fracture healing on osteotomized rabbit mandibles after immobilization of the fragments by wire sutures and osteosynthesis plates]. PMID- 1104438 TI - [Primary and secondary treatment in chin defect fractures]. PMID- 1104439 TI - [Corrosion, compatibility and mechanical properties of metallic allentheses]. PMID- 1104440 TI - [Physico-chemical aspects of surgical metal implantations]. PMID- 1104441 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of compression osteosynthesis]. PMID- 1104442 TI - [Comparative study of wire and plate osteosyntesis in the mandible]. PMID- 1104443 TI - [Osteosynthesis in the region of the mandibular angle]. PMID- 1104444 TI - [Surgical treatment of multiple mandibular fractures by means of wire osteosynthesis]. PMID- 1104445 TI - [The 75th birthday of Prof. Alfons Lob]. PMID- 1104446 TI - [Current status of surgery for heart-valve prostheses]. PMID- 1104447 TI - [Treatment of sinusitis in childhood]. AB - The cause of "colds" is frequently an unrecognized sinusitis. The importance of x ray diagnosis is stressed. In therapy of sinusitis the phytotherapeutic Sinupret is a valuable adjuvans besides antibiotics, local and physical therapy. Sinupret is especially suitable for treatment after the acute phase of sinusitis during intervalls and as prophylaxis during the cold months with frequent infections of the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 1104448 TI - [Problems of plastic and reconstructive surgery in the face]. AB - For reconstruction of extensive skin defects on the face two techniques can be suggested: the sliding graft from the area of the skin adjacent to the defect (technique of the sliding graft and rotation) and the technique of distant flaps. If possible preference should be given to the first technique, as it certainly leads to better results regarding function, form and structure of the skin. PMID- 1104449 TI - [Neurotropic vitamins in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 1104450 TI - [The long-range analysis of the chrombiological structure of some cases of manic depressive illness (author's transl)]. AB - Within the group of endogenous psychoses manic-depressive illness is a subgroup which can be explicitly described. The psychopathologic phenomena of their current status (Momentagefuge) are disorders of drive and mood. The time structure generally exhibits the characteristic sequence of acute phases and "free" intervals, while in detail there are numerous variations of intensity, such as siurnal variation of mood etc. An essential of the definition of endogenous psychoses has always been their periodicity. However, in the majority of cases that periodicity was not conclusively proved. On the basis of one representative case factor analyses of a long and complete series of daily self rating scales were performed. A dichotomy of time series of mood scores and of drive scores was used for autocorrelation. Thereby two different multiday periods were established. Two periods of this type combine to produce an interferential period, which does not generally occur on a continual scale, but only in a systematic selection. This was the subject of investigation. From 100 phase schedules (Phasenkalender) of manic-depressive psychoses 18 cases with long periods were selected by means of a special technique of cross-correlation, which were re-analyzed under methodologically more stringent conditions. Such re analyses confirmed the initial hypothesis. The entire phase schedule is composed of interferential periods... PMID- 1104451 TI - [Ibuprofen in long-term treatment of coxarthrosis. Preliminary report]. PMID- 1104452 TI - [The 75th birthday of Josef Ipser, M.D., Dr.Sc]. PMID- 1104453 TI - [The 70th birthday of Chief Physician Frantisek Kuthan, M.D]. PMID- 1104454 TI - [History of urology in Hokkaido in the last 50 years]. PMID- 1104455 TI - [History of pharmacology in Hokkaido in the last 50 years]. PMID- 1104456 TI - [History of orthopedics in Hokkaido in the last 50 years (at the 50th anniversary of Hokkaido University Medical School)]. PMID- 1104457 TI - [History of public health in Hokkaido in the last 50 years]. PMID- 1104458 TI - [Studies on the extracorporeal circulation. Especially on changes in acid-base balance, serum electrolytes and S-GOT during rapid perfusion cooling (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments were made using 47 mongrel dogs under normo-and hypothermic perfusion employing the DeWall-Lillehei and Kay-Cross oxygenator. The purpose of this study is to find the ideal method of extracorporeal circulation as an adjunct of cardiac surgery. In this report, the changes of acid-base balance, serum electrolytes and S-GOT during perfusion were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In spite of the hypothermia, the changes of pH and buffer base in 10 degrees C hypothermic circulatory arrest indicated the gradual progress of the tissue metabolism. After the circulation restarted uncompensated metabolic acidosis without decrease of H2CO3 ensued. The circulatory arrest for 30 minutes in 10 degrees C hypothermia was thought to be hazardous to the preservation of life. 2) In case of ventricular fibrillation, hyperkalemia in the systemic venous blood was often found. It was also observed in the coronary venous blood. In accordance with the fact of hyperkalamia during anoxia, it is presumed that the cardiac anoxia is the important factor for the development of ventricular fibrillation. 3) The value of S-GOT in the arterial blood was not influenced by perfusion time, cardiac arrest and temperature, so far as the perfusion was performed smoothly. S-GOT was elevated when cardiotomy was carried out. PMID- 1104459 TI - Comparative thermostability of thermophilic and mesophilic 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. PMID- 1104460 TI - A review of token economy treatment programs for psychiatric inpatients. AB - The author has reviewed outcome studies of token economy programs for psychiatric inpatients. Only studies that employed some control procedures in their evaluation were included. Token economies were most effective in modifying inhospital work, personal care, and some psychotic behaviors. Studies that assessed token programs to prepare patients for community living and reduce recidivism generally affirmed the effectiveness of token procedures, but the studies were poorly designed, and they lacked systematic follow-up data. Almost all studies failed to examine possible interactions between chemotherapy and the token economies. The author suggests the need for studies using token economies with psychiatric patients other than chronic schizophrenics, who have been studied almost exclusively to date. PMID- 1104461 TI - Basic concepts in mental health evaluation: evaluation in mental health: why and how. PMID- 1104463 TI - Basic concepts in mental health evaluation: drawing on concepts from other fields. PMID- 1104462 TI - Essentials of methodology for mental health evaluation. PMID- 1104464 TI - Provider Reimbursement Review Board decisions. PMID- 1104465 TI - Capital close-up. Sen. Carl T. Curtis [R-NE]. PMID- 1104466 TI - Study documents effect of primary nursing on renal transplant patients. PMID- 1104467 TI - A nursing role in medical peer review. PMID- 1104468 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a renal transplant recipient. AB - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, as defined by Liebow et al. in 1972, is an angiocentric, angiodestructive, lymphoreticular proliferative disorder of uncertain relationship, if any, to malignant lymphoma. This report describes the rapid development and progression of lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a 33 year old recipient of an immunosuppressed renal transplant. The report further discusses the differences between lymphomatoid granulomatosis and malignant lymphoma with respect to both histology and natural histor. PMID- 1104469 TI - Cardiac pathologic findings in patients treated with bone marrow transplantation. AB - Cardiac pathologic findings were analyzed in 22 necropsy cases from a series of 29 patients with leukemia, aplastic anemia, or metastatic cancer who had been treated with ablative therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation. Some cardiac alterations were similar to those that occur in patients with hematologic and neoplastic diseases not treated with bone marrow transplantation, and consisted of cardiomegaly, cardiac atrophy, hemorrhage, foci of necrosis due to shock associated with sepsis or hepatic failure, myocardial abscesses secondary to systemic candidiasis or staphylococcal infection, fibrinous pericarditis, and hemosiderosis. Other cardiac alterations were more specifically related to factors associated with transplantation procedure. Six patients exhibited a distinctive interstitial reactive change characterized by the presence of (1) moderate to large numbers of Anitschkow cells, occurring alone or in small cellular aggregates and histiocytes, histiocytic cells with nuclei of the Anitschkow type, lymphoid cells, and plasma cells, and (2) nuclei of the Anitschkow type in cardiac vascular and endocardial smooth muscle, endothelial and Schwann cells, and occasional cardiac muscle cells. This alteration may have been induced by abnormal immune mechanisms, as suggested by the observation that five of the six patients with interstitial change had clinical evidence of graft versus-host disease. Two patients developed fatal congestive cardiac failure in the early post-transplant period and exhibited myocardial damage with histologic and post-transplant period features indicative of severe acute injury. Findings in these two patients consisted of necrotic muscle cells, which exhibited multiple contraction bands, diastase-resistant PAS staining, and intracellular fibrin deposits; microthrombi, which were composed of fibrin and occasionally of fibrin and platelets; and extravasated erythrocytes and fibrin strands in the interstitium. One of the two patients also exhibited unusual nuclear alterations, which were characterized by replacement of normal chromatin by palely stained fibrous and filamentous material. Clinicopathologic analysis strongly suggested that the fatal cardiotoxicity in both patients resulted primarily from effects of high doses of cyclophosphamide, which were administered as part of a four drug regimen that provided tumor ablation and immunosuppression for bone marrow transplantation. Our findings emphasize the need for less toxic antineoplastic and immunosuppressive therapy for use in bone marrow transplantation procedures. PMID- 1104470 TI - Conduction cardiograph-bundle of His detector. PMID- 1104471 TI - Culture of cells in beem capsules: a new technique for electron microscopic study of monolayer cultures. AB - A method is described for the monolayer cultivation of primary cell suspensions and established cell lines directly in carbon-coated BEEM capsules, BEEM capsules are routinely employed by electron microscopists in tissue embedding procedures; growing monolayer cultures directly on the lids of inverted BEEM capsules presents the obvious advantage of maintaining cell to cell and cell to substratum conthaets with a minimum of stress and damage in the preparative steps for electron microscopy. PMID- 1104472 TI - Pepsin digestion of mouse IgG immunoglobulins subfragments of the Fc region. PMID- 1104473 TI - Local immune response in experimental pyelonephritis in the rabbit. II. Lymphocyte stimulation by lipopolysaccharide of infecting organism. AB - The response of circulating and kidney lymphocytes from rabbits with experimental haematogenous pyelonephritis to somatic (O) antigen (lipopolysaccharide) from the infecting organism was evaluated. Lymphocytes were cultured for 3 days in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide from the infecting organism, Escherichia coli O75 and a heterologous organism. Circulating lymphocytes showed a significant response to the homologous lipopolysaccharide by day 5 of infection, and kidney lymphocytes responded by day 19 of infection but failed to respond after day 33. The lipid moiety of somatic antigen was required for the stimulation of lymphocytes since antigen preparations in which lipid was low or absent did not activate lymphocytes. B lymphocytes from kidney were stimulated by this antigen whereas both T and B circulating lymphocytes responded. Thus, pyelonephritis in rabbits is associated with the activation of a subpopulation of circulating cells which have specific receptors for the homologous antigen. B lymphocytes that are specifically activated by the homologous or O antigen then localize to the infected site. PMID- 1104474 TI - Mechanism of termination of immunological tolerance. AB - Mice were rendered tolerant to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by means of cyclophosphamide. The effect of immunization with sulphanilated BSA with different degrees of hapten conjugation on this tolerant state was examined. It was shown that the tolerant state was readily terminated with sulphanilated BSA with a low degree of chemical modification. Specificities of antibodies produced in response to sulphanilated BSA were tested by absorption and PHA inhibition test, demonstrating that there were antibodies directed to new antigenic determinant(s) on sulphanilate BSA as well as those reacting with unmodified BSA. To explore the cellular mechanism of termination, lethally irradiated syngeneic mice were reconstituted with thymus-derived cells (T cells) together with bone marrow-derived cells (B cells) from either normal mice or mice rendered tolerant to BSA, and were immunized with BSA or sulphanilate BSA. Tolerance termination was clearly observed in the recipient mice reconstituted with tolerant T cells plus normal B cells. From these experimental data, it was proposed that the termination was effected by means of the co-operation of the T-cell population tolerant to BSA but capable of responding to new antigenic determinant(s) on sulphanilated BSA, with non-tolerant B cells responsive to BSA. PMID- 1104475 TI - Experimental murine leprosy: induction of immunity and immune paralysis to Mycobacterium lepraemurium in C57BL mice. AB - Two series of reinfection experiments were carried out using C57BL mice. In the first series, the mice were inoculated with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) in one hind footpad and reinoculated in the contralateral footpad, two or four weeks later. Compared with normal mice of the same strain, the mice reinoculated after four weeks showed an increased local reaction to the bacilli and the bacilli did not multiply at the injection site. The responses of mice reinoculated after two weeks were intermediate to those of the other two groups. In the second series, a systemic infection was established by intraperitoneal innoculation of either a large or small dose of MLM. Twenty-two weeks later the mice were reinoculated in one of the hind footpads. Upon reinoculation, mice receiving the small intraperitoneal dose reacted more strongly than normal mice to MLM, whereas mice receiving the large dose were unable to mount any local reaction to the mycobacterium. The experiments have shown that the local reaction which develops in the C57BL strain of mice approximately four weeks after subcutaneous injection of MLM is accompanied by the onset of systemic immunity. Such systemic immunity lasted for more than 20 weeks after intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of bacilli, but was completely abolished during the course of a heavy systemic MLM infection. PMID- 1104476 TI - Effect of thymectomy and antilymphocyte serum on Mycobacterium leprae infection in mice. AB - BALB/c mice thymectomized at 3 to 5 days of age were studied to determine if this procedure would result in enhanced susceptibility to infection with Mycobacterium leprae and, if so, whether or not administration of antilymphocyte serum would further increase this susceptibility. The plateau for growth in the footpads of intact mice occurred 4 months after inoculation, whereas in the thymectomized and thymetocomized plus antilymphocyte serum-treated groups the plateau occurred between months 11 and 12 after inoculation. Thymectomy resulted in at least a 10 fold increase in the number of M. leprae found in the footpads. Antilymphocyte serum did not appear to further enhance the M. leprae infection in the thymectomized mice. Although growth of M. leprae in the testes of both intact and thymectomized mice was erratic, the number of organisms reached a higher ceiling in the thymectomized groups. M. leprae harvested from all groups was passaged into intact mice at various intervals after inoculation to test for viability. Viable M. leprae were found at all intervals tested including 22 months after infection in the intact mice, suggesting that a chronic infection occurred that probably lasted during the entire life of the animals. PMID- 1104477 TI - Cellular location of streptolysin O. AB - Streptolysin O was measured in subcellular fractions of group A streptococci obtained after preparation of protoplasts in a hypertonic buffer containing raffinose. Most of the activity was located in the periplasm (the region between cell wall and membrane) and did not differ in several characteristics from that of extracellular streptolysin O. Of the enzymes used as subcellular markers, aldolase and maltase (cytoplasmic) and acid phosphatase (membrane associated) were in the same fractions as found in other bacteria. However, the location of alkaline phosphatase differed from that of other bacteria in the most of the activity was in cytoplasm rather than in the periplasm. PMID- 1104478 TI - Nonspecific resistance to Escherichia coli in mice. AB - Nonspecific cell-mediated immunity to a relatively virulent strain of Escherichia coli was studied in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus and elicited with specific antigens. The infected and elicited mice were protected against as intraperitoneal challenge by E. coli for an observation period of 7 days, whereas normal mice, given the same number of bacteria, died within 18 to 24 h. However, the amount of time elapsing between elicitation and challenge greatly affected the rate of protection. Little or no protection was observed in mice injected with S. aureus but not elicited or in mice injected with staphylococcal antigens but not infected with staphylococci. PMID- 1104479 TI - Adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to intestinal epithelium in vivo. AB - Two porcine strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, one possessing K88 antigen and one lacking K88, were orally inoculated into conventional neonatal piglets. Athough both strains caused severe diarrhea, only the K88-possessing strain was able to proliferate in the anterior small intestine. Both K88 possessing and K88-lacking strains were found in large numbers in the posterior small intestine and, using fluorescent antibodies and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, were found adhering to the epitheial surface in these regions. The presence of an unusual surface structure on the bacterial cell of the K88-lacking strain was described. PMID- 1104480 TI - Characterization of group A streptococcal R-28 antigen purified by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. AB - Purified R-28 antigen from an M-protein-poor, R-antigen-rich strain of group A Streptococcus was prepared by sequential treatment of an acid extract of whole cells with ammonium sulfate fractionation and hydroxylapatite (HA) column chromatography. Purified R-28 antigen was eluted only with 0.10 M sodium phosphate, pH 6.7. Findings on quantitative amino acid composition, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern, and HA column elution pattern were similar but not identical to those previously reported for streptococcal M proteins. Rabbits immunized with either HA-purified R-28 antigen or heat-killed cells developed two pepsin-sensitive, trypsin-resistant immunodiffusion lines of identity against HA-purified R-28 antigen but failed to form bactericidal antibody. One of these two lines formed a line of identity with R-28 antigen prepared by trypsinization of whole cells. The other line remained undefined, although it appeared not to be either streptococcal group A carbohydrate, M protein, T-antigen, polyglycerophosphate, E4 antigen, or M-associated protein; by enzymatic criteria it is an R-antigen. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of HA purified R-28 antigen revealed multiple serologically active charge and size isomers. These findings suggest possible structural similarities between group A streptococcal M-proteins and R-antigens and also indicate that the same purification techniques may be utilized to study these protein antigens if the proper strain of Streptococcus is chosen. PMID- 1104481 TI - Extension of the mean time to death of mice with a lethal infection of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by antithymocyte serum treatment. AB - The mean time to death of mice infected with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus was increased 2 days by antithymocyte serum (ATS) treatment given 1 day before and 1 day after virus inoculation. Virus assays of blood, brain, and spleen indicated that VEE virus replication was delayed by ATS. Additionally, mice treated with ATS exhibited neurological signs later than untreated mice. During the infection, the percentage of splenic B lymphocytes as determined by surface immunoglobulin staining increased. ATS treatment caused a further elevation of the percentage of splenic B lymphocytes. These results show a selective depletion of the non-immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocyte population during VEE virus infection and support the hypothesis that ATS destroys or alters an important population of cells associated with the normal course of pathogenesis and the replication of VEE virus to high titers in the mouse. PMID- 1104482 TI - Carbon sources utilized by virulent Treponema pallidum. AB - Carbon sources utilized by virulent Treponema pallidum organisms extracted from infected rabbit tissue have been investigated. Utilization of 14C-labeled compounds by T. pallidum was monitored by degradation of these compounds to 14CO2. Experiments have consistently shown that of 22 carbon sources examined, [14C]glucose and [14C]pyruvate are selectively degraded to 14CO2 under the experimental conditions employed. When [1-14C]pyruvate, [2-14C]pyruvate, and [3 14C]pyruvate are tested, virulent T. pallidum preferentially degrade and release the carboxyl group as 14CO2. End product analyses indicate that CO2 and acetate are the major products of pyruvate degradation by T. pallidum. PMID- 1104483 TI - Retention of motility and virulence of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) in vitro. AB - A maintenance medium for Treponema pallidum was designed to hold its Eh at the optimum for that organism, -10 to -110 mV. After 100% motile (freshly harvested) T. pallidum was inoculated into the medium, the motility of the treponemes decreased to 80% after 2 days, 50% after 3.5 days, and 0% after 9 days during incubation at 34 C. Full virulence was retained for 2 days, but it dropped rapidly thereafter, and the treponemes became avirulent by day 5. PMID- 1104484 TI - Isolation and purification of two antigenically active, "complimentary" polypeptide fragments of tetanus neurotoxin. AB - Tetanus neurotoxin (molecular weight approximately 160,000) was purified from bacterial extracts (intracellular toxin) and mildly trypsinized and from culture filtrates (extracellular toxin). Both purified preparations could be dissociated reversibly into two polypeptide chains, with molecular weights of 53,000 (fragment alpha) and 107,000 (fragment beta), by treatment with 100 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and 4 M urea with concomitant loss of toxicity. Upon removal of DDT and urea from the dissociated toxin preparation by dialysis, these fragments reassociated, forming the whole toxin. The two fragments were isolated and purified from the dissociated toxin by gel filtration on an Ultrogel AcA 44 column equilibrated with buffer containing 2 M urea and 1 mM DTT. The preparation of fragment alpha was nontoxic whereas that of fragment beta was slightly toxic. Immunodiffusion analyses, using horse antitoxin, showed that the antigenicities of fragment alpha and fragment beta were distinct from each other but were partially identical with that of undissociated toxin. The abilities of these fragments to precipitate antitoxin were lost on heating at 60 C for 5 min. The molecular substructure of tetanus neurotoxin is discussed on the basis of these findings. PMID- 1104485 TI - Relationship of two arthropod-borne rhabdoviruses (kotonkan and Obodhiang) to the rabies serogroup. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence confirmed the antigenic relationship between kotankan and Obodhiang viruses and Mokola virus that had originally been shown by complement fixation test. This relationship suggests inclusion of these two arthropod isolates in the rabies subgroup of the Rhabdoviridae family. Cross reactivity with Mokola virus was also demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence but was easily eliminated when conjugates were diluted. No crossreactivities were found by neutralization tests or by surface immunofluorescence. Other than these immunological ties to the rabies serogroup, other biological characteristics of kotonkan and Obodhiang viruses were distinct. Maximum yield of infectivity of kotonkan and Obodhiang in cell culture was at 30 C, antigen usually filled the cytoplasm of infected cells diffusely, and syncytia were formed before severe cytonecrosis. By electron microscopy, virus particles and their nucleocapsids appeared cone shaped (mean lengths: kotonkan, 182 nm; Obodhiang, 170 nm). Viral morphogenesis took place on plasma membranes of cells in culture, mouse brain neurons, and inflammatory cells (macrophages) in brain lesions. All of these characteristics of the two viruses, and the known association of kotonkan virus with an acute, febrile illness of cattle in Nigeria, suggest a biological relationship with bovine ephemeral fever virus. The latter is known to exist in the same geographic area but exhibits no serological cross-reaction with either kotonkan or Obodhiang virus. The question of whether these two viruses deserve placement in an expanded rabies subgroup (at the cost of a less precise definition of the subgroup) or in a separate subgroup (which would include bovine ephemeral fever virus) of the Rhabdoviridae family will only be answered by further physicochemical characterization and comparison. PMID- 1104486 TI - Siderochrome production by Yersinia pestis and its relation to virulence. AB - P+ plague strains contained more siderochrome-producing organisms than P-. Siderochrome enhanced the mouse virulence of an F1+Vw+P1+P-Pu+ strains, inhibited P1 activity, and could be assayed by a paper disk titration method. PMID- 1104487 TI - Adjuvant effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine to sheep erythrocytes: enhancement of antibody formation by using subcutaneous administration of adjuvant and antigen. AB - The subcutaneous route (s.c.) was used to study the adjuvant effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine (pv) on the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. The reasons for using the s.c. route are discussed. PV, besides enhancing the hemagglutinin response, also markedly increased the number of plaque-forming cells in the draining lymph nodes. A heated preparation of PV was tested and found to possess significant adjuvant activity. Interestingly, the enhancement occurred in the absence of marked enlargement of the lymph nodes, which was characteristic of the unheated preparation. In addition, a crude solubilized cell free preparation of PV was tested and also found to possess significant adjuvant activity. The activity was only partially abolished by heat. Hence, it was concluded that both heat-labile as well as heat-stable factors contributed to the adjuvanticity of PV. The studies also support the view that the draining lymph nodes represent a principal locus of action of PV and that the s.c. route of administration of adjuvant and antigen provides a suitable model for studying and assaying the adjuvanticity of PV. PMID- 1104488 TI - Chitin assay used to demonstrate renal localization and cortisone-enhanced growth of Aspergillus fumigatus mycelium in mice. AB - Aspergillus fumigatus mycelium in untreated mice (N-mice) and cortisone acetate treated mice (C-mice) has been quantified by chemical assay of fungal chitin. Cortisone pretreatment rendered mice more susceptible to infection by A. fumigatus (mean lethal dose at 20 days, congruent to 10(6) for N-mice; less than 10(4) for C-mice). In both N- and C-mice there was renal localization of mycelial infection at conidial doses less than the mean lethal dose. At a conidial dose greater than the mean lethal dose, mycelial infection was found in the kidneys and brain of N-mice and in the kidneys, liver, and heart of C-mice. Chitin assay results showed that A. fumigatus mycelium grew more rapidly in C-mice. It is suggested that the resistance of N-mice to mycelial development may be an important mechanism whereby natural resistance to A. fumigatus is conferred. PMID- 1104490 TI - Radioactive tracers in the assessment of cleaning of surgical appliances. PMID- 1104489 TI - Effect of lipopolysaccharide and lipid A on mouse liver pyruvate kinase activity. AB - Several investigators have reported lipid A as the biologically active unit in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. To determine if lipid A was responsible for the reported increases in pyruvate kinase, mice were injected with endotoxin from Salmonella typhimurium SR-11, the Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota R 595, and lipid A-bovine serum albumin conjugate. The livers were homogenized and the activity of pyruvate kinase was measured. Similar increases in enzyme were obtained with all three preparations. These data imply that the lipid portion of the LPS molecule was responsible for alterations in host enzyme activity. To further determine if the lipid portion was the active unit, a lipid-degraded endotoxin (endotoxoid) prepared by potassium methylate treatment was inoculated into mice. An initial increase in liver pyruvate kinase activity was observed with all preparations. The marked increase observed at 16 h with the native product and lipid A conjugate was not obtained with the endotoxoid. These experiments extend and confirm previous observations that lipid A is responsible for the effects associated with LPS. Animals tolerant to endotoxin from S. typhimurium SR-11 were challenged with endotoxin from the Re mutant. A significant increase in pyruvate kinase activity was not obtained, suggesting that anti-O antibodies are not important in the development of tolerance. PMID- 1104491 TI - Specific responsiveness of leukocytes to soluble extracts of human tumors. AB - The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) method was studied with respect to its specificity in detecting responses to extracts of tumor tissues or normal lymphocytes. Responses of cells from normal persons were within 10% of each other whether incubation was carried out with culture medium alone or with any of the extracts. The same was true of cells from 78 cancer patients unless the cells were incubated with extracts of the same histologic type as their own. In the latter case, statistically significant responses occurred in 95% of the 110 analyses done. Negative responses were given by cells from 14 patients tentatively diagnosed as having breast carcinoma but whose lesions later proved benign. There was one positive response inconsistent with the diagnosis. Of 29 normal individuals known to have been exposed to tumors or tumor extracts, 11 responded positively and specifically to the relevant tumor extract. Cells from 12 of 30 multiparous female breast-cancer patients responded to extracts of pooled normal lymphocytes. The results establish that the LAI analysis is an extremely specific means of detecting systemic responses to malignant diseases. In addition, analyses have proven positive in 95% of the cases studied. PMID- 1104492 TI - Antibodies and antigen expression in human melanoma detected by the immune adherence test. AB - By means of a modified immune adherence (IA) technique, sera from melanoma patients were tested for the presence of antimelanoma antibodies. In total 13/73 sera tested showed a positive IA reaction of which 4/6 sera showed a positive reaction in the autologous situation. Sera from 33 patients with other tumors, 7 patients with non-neoplastic diseases and 50 healthy individuals did not show any IA reactivity towards melanoma cells. The reaction seemed to be selectively directed against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) on melanoma cells. No correlation with the stage of the disease could be found. Longitudinal studies indicated that conversions in antibody activity did not correlate with the clinical state of the patients. There was also no correlation with the corresponding in vitro data obtained in cell-mediated immunity tests. Cell lines and short-term cultures originating from tumors from different melanoma patients shared a common antigenicity. The expression of TAA on cells from a melanoma cell line fluctuated significantly during prolonged culture. The expression of TAA was influenced by the culture conditions and the growth state of the cells. A relation between TAA-expression and cell cycle phase was demonstrated. PMID- 1104493 TI - Drug abuse during the Civil War (1861-1865). AB - The Civil War (1861-1865) has long been blamed as the catalyst for the spread of drug addiction in America. This paper attempts to examine this hypothesis through an extensive review of pertinent literature, and to clarify misconceptions concerning addiction problems associated with the war. PMID- 1104495 TI - A glimpse of pioneers in group psychotherapy. PMID- 1104494 TI - Kif in Morocco. AB - Chronic cannabis intoxication of a significant fraction of the male population still prevails in Morocco. The preparation used (kif) is a powder made from the dried flower of the female plant. It contains 2 to 3% THC and is smoked mixed with tobacco (1/3 of the mixture). Cultivation of kif is tolerated in an area of 60 square miles in the high Rif mountain of Northern Morocco, where it constitutes the main cash crop of the local farmers. A significant percentage (50%?) of the men in the area also consume kif regularly. This cultivation is spreading to neighboring areas. Moroccan health authorities claim that cannabis intoxication represents a major health hazard. There exist little data correlating chronic usage of kif with pathological states in these areas of large production and consumption. This dearth of information due to lack of local medical personnel could be alleviated by a combined medical and ethnological study. PMID- 1104496 TI - Evaluation of "chemical isolation" in 1,168 leprosy patients' homes. AB - "Chemical isolation" (treatment of open cases as a measure of control for transmission between contacts) is evaluated by a retrospective study of 7,232 household contacts of 1,168 leprosy patient homes. Contacts comparable in age and type of exposure were arranged in subgroups according to whether they were born before (Group A) or born after (Group B) beginning treatment of the index cases had begun. Additionally, the whole group of contacts, both of open (LL & BB) and closed (TT & I) cases were evaluated. Among comparable contacts of LL and BB cases, the infection rate in the contacts before initiation of treatment is higher than in that of contacts after initiation of treatment. The protection afforded by the treatment to the exposed group (Group B) is on the order of 66%. The morbidity occurring in the group born after the initiation of index case treatment apparently results from partial persistence of infectiousness of the case under treatment. PMID- 1104497 TI - An overview of research on the history of leprosy. Part 1. From Celsus to Simpson, Circa. 1 A.D. Part 2. From Virchow to Moller-Christense, 1845-1973. AB - This overview attempts to evaluate, in general, the results of nearly 2,000 years of writings on the history of leprosy. The ancients, although prone to confuse other skin diseases with leprosy, laid the emotional foundation for later work in superstitution and lore. Their efforts were faithfully copied for hundreds of years and provided at least an accumulation of facts and a documentation of the state of the art. The dawn of scientific medicine in the mid-nineteenth century and the following 125 years has brought an increasing specialization of research in the history of leprosy that might be usefully divided into medical, political, Biblical, instutional, and medieval aspects. Some of the most productive efforts within each of these areas are considered. The challenge of the future is to develop models of analysis and evaluation based on the findings of analysis and evaluation based on the findings of social scientific research rather than relying totally on pure narration. This is the way in which to free the history of leprosy from much of the myth and error that surrounds it. PMID- 1104498 TI - Nelson Souza Campos, M.D. 1900-1973. Lauro de Souza LIMA, M.D. 1903-1973. PMID- 1104499 TI - Pathophysiology of skin capillaries. PMID- 1104500 TI - Would healing: a brief review. AB - The biology of wound healing is indeed a complex process. From phase 1 to phase 3, an orderly progression of events take place in the repair process. Various factors influence the rapidity and cosmetic appearance of this phenomenon. Physical, microbial, nutritional and environmental factors all have some role in the end result. PMID- 1104501 TI - Cutaneous immunofluorescence in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1104502 TI - Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections of the skin. AB - Staphylococcus aureus does not grow readily on normal skin, where an important factor inhibiting its growth is the resident flora. Hydration of the stratum corneum favors the growth of S. aureus. Before lesions of staphyloderma are produced, organisms multiply on the surface. Substances produced as the result of multiplication enter the skin and produce an irritant reaction characterized by necrobiosis, spongiosis followed by perivascular infiltration, exocytosis and intraepidermal vesicle formation. A technique was used whereby the skin surface was separated from growing S. aureus by a filter. Pustules were produced through the filter. PMID- 1104503 TI - Immunological principles as a guide to a new leprosy concept: a lifelong study (1935-1974). PMID- 1104504 TI - Modification of the response to 8 MeV electrons of auxotrophic strains of Escherichia coli by amino-acid deprivation and rifampicin. AB - An investigation has been made of the possibility that the accumulation of RNA enriched in messenger can influence the survival of bacteria after exposure to 8 MeV electrons. The multiple amino-acid auxotroph E. coli CP79 RCrel accumulates RNA during inhibition of protein synthesis, and the proportion of RNA present as messenger increases by a factor of 3 during a 2-hour period of amino-acid deprivation. Amino-acid withdrawal led to changes in the shape of the survival curve, which also occurred in strain CP78 RCstr, which synthesizes very little RNA when deprived of amino acids. We conclude that accumulation of RNA enriched in messenger plays little or no part in modification of the survival of irradiated bacteria. We show that rifampicin, an inhibitor of RNA synthesis, increases the sensitivity of both strains equally. PMID- 1104505 TI - Letter: Rejoining of radiation-induced single-strand breaks in DNA of Escherichia coli: involvement of RNA synthesis. PMID- 1104506 TI - Community involvement, judicial administration and campus prisons. PMID- 1104507 TI - Continuous postoperative peritoneal lavage in diffuse peritonitis using balanced saline antibiotic solution. AB - Results of postoperative peritoneal lavage using balanced saline and antibiotic solution in 30 patients with diffuse peritonitis have been presented. The results of this study show that such lavage is a significantly useful adjunctive treatment in the management of diffuse peritonitis. It appreciably reduces the mortality and morbidity. Its adjunctive use in suitable cases along with surgery can be safely advocated in clinical practice. PMID- 1104508 TI - Reconstruction of the penoscrotal skin after avulsion. PMID- 1104509 TI - The ultrastructure of the organ of Corti. PMID- 1104510 TI - [The rheumatic carditis]. PMID- 1104511 TI - [Diabetic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1104512 TI - [Heart function in hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 1104513 TI - [Prognostic assessment of patients with primary cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 1104514 TI - In momoriam. Ludwig J. K. von Sallmann, M.D. 1892--1975. PMID- 1104515 TI - Histocompatibility in corneal grafting. PMID- 1104516 TI - The instilled fluid dynamics and surface chemistry of polymers in the preocular tear film. AB - Using slit lamp fluorophotometry it was demonstrated that the rate of drainage of a vehicle placed in the eye increased with increasing volume and that polymer solutions increased the thickness of the precorneal tear film (PTF). By increasing the viscosity of the delivery vehicle, (e.g., a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose polymer solutions), the PTF retention of fluorescein could be increased. The increased retention was shown to be due to an increase in the tear reservoir volume provided by the more viscous solutions. The PTF retention of fluorescein in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) vehicle was not as viscosity dependent, although PVA did seem to produce greater initial PTF fluorescence. This suggested that PVA initially produced a thicker PTF. The PTF retention of fluorescein by five commercial solutions did not have any relation to their wetting properties. The only good correlation with fluorescein retention in the PTF measured, seemed to be the ability of different polymer solutions to stabilize a thick layer of water as measured by the spontaneous spreading of polymer molecules at the air/liquid interface on wet glass surfaces. This model was designed to simulate tear film spreading in vivo. The results suggest that different polymer solutions may produce thicker PTF's than normal by virtue of their ability to drag water with them as they spread over the ocular surface with each blink. Mechanisms by which polymer solutions may increase the thickness of the PTF are discussed. PMID- 1104517 TI - The fate of experimental corneal grafts in herpetic keratitis and keratouveitis. PMID- 1104518 TI - Electrophysiologic evidence for normal optic nerve fiber projections in normally pigmented squinters. AB - The Siamese cat, a type of albino, has a visual pathway anomaly in which too many optic nerve fibers cross at the optic chiasm, and also frequently has strabismus. The correlation of strabismus with this defect suggests that a similar pathway defect without pigmentation anomalies, may be the cause of much human strabismus. Creel, Witkop, and King have used evoked potential methods to show that such a pathway defect likely occurs in the human albino. While unpublished control experiments verified their results on human albinos, no such defect has been found in the normally-pigmented human squinter. It is concluded that the visual pathway anomaly is limited to albinism and is not a likely cause of most human strabismus. PMID- 1104519 TI - Computer analysis of electromyographic signals from the human bladder and urethral and anal sphincters. AB - An investigation has been made into the form of the EMG signals from the human bladder and urethral and anal sphincters. A buildup of the low frequency detrusor EMG before micturition occurs in some patients and this is more marked in patients with urgency. A good correlation occurs between the amount of EMG activity and bladder activity as assessed by the cystometrogram. Marked spike activity has been seen in the detrusor EMGs of patients with irritable bladders. The comparison of anal and urethral sphincter EMGs is of interest from the viewpoint of the anatomy of the urethral sphincter and the mechanism of micturition. PMID- 1104520 TI - Francis S. Watson, M.D. (1853-1942). PMID- 1104521 TI - Mental disorders in the Bible and Talmud. PMID- 1104522 TI - Recent developments in child psychiatry--clinical paediatrics liaison consultation. (I) The restrictive emotional and cognitive environment reconsidered:--a redefinition of the concept of therapeutic restraint. PMID- 1104523 TI - Isolated gonadotropin deficiency and related disorders. PMID- 1104524 TI - [Various aspects of bacterial allergy]. PMID- 1104525 TI - [Significance of proteolytic sperm enzymes for the fertility]. AB - Proteolytic enzymes of the male genital tract have important functions in the reproduction process. The sperm enzyme acrosin is of particular significance for the penetration of the zona pellucida. Proteinases are involved in coagulation and liquefaction of human semen. The kallikrein-kinin system has an important role in stimulation and regulation of sperm motility. In addition, semen proteinases seem to be involved in the penetration and migration of spermatozoa through the cervix uteri. Disturbances of the proteolytic potential of human semen may be the cause of subfertility or infertility. Specific inhibition of proteinases participating in the fertilization process could be an approach for an effective antienzymatic contraception. PMID- 1104526 TI - [Experience with new skin sutures: synthetic, resorbable material]. AB - A new combined technique of the excision of small and large skin tumors and of exploratory excisions is reported. Besides of the semilunar incision and the modified subcutaneous lambloid decompressing suture already formerly described, the new application consists of continuous intracutaneous suture with submerged ends. The combined method is only practicable because of the high tensile strength of the synthetic absorbable suture material Dexon. Dexon seems to be superior to all other absorbable filaments, e.g. catgut. Healing of scars is very promising with the mentioned method and the new suture material. PMID- 1104527 TI - [In the memory of H.A. Gottron, 1890-1974]. PMID- 1104528 TI - Effects of low levels of radiation on rodents and potential effects in man. PMID- 1104529 TI - Elda E. Anderson Award presented to Richard V. Osborne. PMID- 1104530 TI - Distinguished Achievement Award presented to Walter S. Synder. PMID- 1104531 TI - Distinguished Achievement Award presented to E. Dale Trout. PMID- 1104532 TI - Meritorious Performance Award presented postumously to James C. Hart. PMID- 1104533 TI - Starling curves as a guide to fluid management in the critically ill. AB - Information derived from Starling curves is useful in following the course of critically ill patients. With this knowledge, the physician can better assess the efficiency of the myocardium and determine the optimal filling pressure. Thus, he is enabled to prescribe the necessary fluid and/or drug therapy to maintain the patient at his most efficient cardiac performance. The nurse who monitors cardiac output and wedge at frequent intervals can regulate fluid replacement on this basis. PMID- 1104534 TI - Renal transplantation. PMID- 1104535 TI - [Vascular injuries]. PMID- 1104536 TI - [Indication, technic and results of Achilles tendon suture with autologous corium]. PMID- 1104537 TI - [Titanium and steel in the bone surgery]. PMID- 1104538 TI - [Philosophy of nursing care and contemporary nursing problems]. PMID- 1104539 TI - A hypothesis for the origin and evolution of chromomere DNA. PMID- 1104540 TI - Preparation of cells from suspensions for correlative scanning electron and interference microscopy. AB - Neutrophils from bovine milk and blood platelets from dog plasma were washed in PBS, fixed in GA, dehydrated, suspended in a drop on a formvar-coated slide and immediately critical-point-dried in CO2. After coating with Pt-Pd the specimens were examined in an SEM. The same cells were then examined by interferometry (Int) in a light microscope, and the dry mass was determined. It is shown that this preparation method for both types of microscopes (SEM and Int) appears to give adequate results as far as fine surface structure (SEM-appearance) and dry mass determinations (Int) are concerned. The method has the advantage of a more precise characterization of individual particles, than would have been possible, if both methods of microscopy (SEM and Int) had been employed on the same sample, but on different specimens. PMID- 1104541 TI - [Covering of defects in the lateral head and neck regions with shoulder flaps (author's transl)]. AB - In many situations the head and neck surgeon is forced to excise large areas of tumor bearing skin in the lateral head and neck regions. This skin, either containing primary malignancies or tumors arising from underlying structures (such as lymph nodes, the mandible or the parotid gland), often is heavily irradiated. Consequently, free full-thickness skin grafts have limited chance of survival because of the reduced blood supply of the adjacent tissue. In these cases we use the so-called shoulder flap, as first described by Conley, to cover large defects. This flap, bases between the trapezius muscle and the scapula, has a rich blood supply, closes the defects in one stage and avoids restriction of the head. In addition, the donor site can be closed transposition of adjacent skin when possible without functional defect. Nine clinical cases are presented. PMID- 1104542 TI - [The use of synthetic foam postnasal packing (author's transl)]. AB - For about a year postnasal space packing made of synthetic foam has been used. This fits the contours of the epipharynx, causes no mucosal damage and is better tolerated by the patient than the traditional packing. In 50 cases of postadenoidectomy bleeding, uncontrolled epistaxes and bleeding from epipharyngeal tumours we have been convinced of the usefulness of this synthetic foam. PMID- 1104543 TI - [Tonsils and immunology (author's transl)]. AB - Tonsils are lymphatic organs carrying out functions of humoral and cellular immunity. They form a local immunologic barrier; they are also involved in general immunologic defence mechanisms. Tonsillectomy or the destruction of tonsils by infections does not reduce the immunoglobulin concentration and antibody titres in peripheral blood. Only the local formation of IgA antibodies against poliomyelitis antigen seems to be impaired at least for a short time. The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown. Signs of defects in immunosurveillance, which were found in some study groups resulting from an increase of the morbidity rates of Hodgkin's disease and thyroid carcinoma, must be considered seriously although there is no statistic evidence for an increase of tumor frequency after tonsillectomy. The indication for tonsillectomy must be decided on clinical findings. Signs for a reduction of local antibody synthesis or for a possible diminuation of immunosurveillance should serve to critical indication. PMID- 1104544 TI - [The problems of dogbite injuries in the regions of the ear and the larynx of children (author's transl)]. AB - Three characteristic dogbite injuries in the regions of the ear and the larynx of children are described, and the incidence of tissue-alteration and complication summarized. Criteria are given for appropriate wound treatment in order to achieve maximal cosmetic and functional rehabilation. PMID- 1104545 TI - Pathogenesis of canine pyometra. AB - Escherichia coli strains associated with pyometra in 85 of 100 bitches investigated had an affinity for urinary tract epithelium and smooth muscle as well as for progesterone-stimulated endometrium and myometrium. The adherence via K-antigen seemed to be important for colonization of the pathogen during development of pyometra. urinary tract infection was detected in 23 of 32 bitches from which urine specimens were obtained. In these bitches, a strain of E coli identical to the strain in the infected uterus was isolated. It was concluded that subclinical urinary tract infection is associated with pyometra and that the uterus will be infected at early metestrus, when receptors for E coli are developed in the endometrium and myometrium, thus enhancing the colonization of bacteria in the uterus. PMID- 1104546 TI - Control of parasitic gastroenteritis in goats. PMID- 1104547 TI - Salmonellosis in a human infant, a cat, and two parakeets in the same household. AB - Salmonellosis occurred in a human infant, cat, and 2 pet parakeets in the same household. Salmonella typhimurium var copenhagen was isolated from all 4 subjects; however, its original source was never determined. The parakeets subsequently died, and necropsy revealed enteritis, foci of hepatic necrosis, and leptomeningitis. PMID- 1104549 TI - In memoriam Osman Hill, M.D., F.L.S., F.R.S.E. PMID- 1104548 TI - Localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in rat hypothalamus using radioimmunoassay. AB - Radioimmunoassays for LH-RH were performed on frozen rat brain sections cut serially in coronal, parasagittal and horizontal planes. In some of the assays, samples were pooled from corresponding areas in different animals. A clear pattern of distribution of LH-RH rich regions emerged. Two prominent components - a caudal high curve and a rostral smaller hump - were observed, and their variable characteristics discussed. The high curve represents the arcuate-medium eminence (ME) region. Our data suggest that this region is not homogeneous, and three different subdivisions of this arcuate-ME region can be distinguished on the basis of LH-RH content. High values were obtained consistently in the arcuate ME region, except for females in the late afternoon of dioestrus day 2, at which stage the levels in this region dropped until they were little more than base line. The rostral hump of high LH-RH activity varies both in position and amplitude. These variations are associated with (1) the sex of the animal and (2) the stage of the female cycle. In males this hump appeared in the region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, while in dioestrous females it appeared in the medial preoptic area, rostral to the male location. Some changes in LH-RH levels are thought to be related to the stage in the female sex cycle. During the afternoon of dioestrus, the caudal high curve representing the arcuate-ME region shrank, whereas the rostral smaller hump (preoptic region) showed much higher levels. Some feed-back take-off may occur from the LH-RH released by the arcuate-ME region. Instead of synthesizing its own LH-RH, the preoptic area may concentrate some of the LH-RH released from the arcuate-ME region, thereafter initiating sexual behaviour as suggested by Moss & McCann (1973). PMID- 1104550 TI - The binding of kasugamycin to the Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - The binding of kasugamycin to the E. coli ribosomes has been demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis. Kasugamycin binds to the 70S ribosomes in a molar ratio of 1:1. The association constant is approximately 6 X 10(-4) M-1. The antibiotic binds to the 30S subunit as well as to 70S ribosomes, but only slightly to the 50S subunit. The binding of kasugamycin is not significantly affected by the presence of other aminolgycoside antibiotics: streptomycin, kanamycin. or gentamicin. Kasugamycin does not bind to ribosomes derived from a kasugamycin resistant mutant, ksgC. PMID- 1104551 TI - Charactertization of spontaneous fosfomycin (phosphonomycin)-resistant cells of Escherichia coli B in vitro. AB - The characteristics of spontaneous fosfomycin-resistant cells isolated in vitro were investigated. Distribution of resistance level to the drug in Escherichia coli B was thought to be broad and, for this reason, resistance to the drug seemed to develope easily in vitro. In the process of isolating the resistant cells, two groups of cells, differing in colony size, were distinguished. Smaller colony-forming cells appeared more frequently than Larger colony-forming ones. Many of the former seemed to be slow growers and decreased simultaneously in utilization of several carbohydrates. One of the Smaller colony-forming isolates was distinctly different from glp T- or uhp-. PMID- 1104552 TI - Uterine protein secretions: Relationship to development of the conceptus. PMID- 1104553 TI - A rapid and direct plate method for enumerating Escherichia coli biotype I in food. PMID- 1104554 TI - Use of a Coulter counter to detect discrete changes in cell numbers and volume during growth of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104555 TI - An evaluation of the carbon dioxide component in the GasPak anaerobic system. PMID- 1104556 TI - Classification of cephalosporins by their antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic properties. PMID- 1104557 TI - The prophylaxis of surgical wound sepis with cephaloridine-experiences in 2491 general surgical operations and reporting a controlled clinical trial against framycetin. PMID- 1104558 TI - Cephalexin compared with ampicillin in urinary tract infections in children. PMID- 1104559 TI - The use of small doses of cephalexin (125 mg) in the management of recurrent urinary tract infection in women. PMID- 1104560 TI - A double-blind comparison of cephalexin and ampicillin in the treatment of bronchitis. PMID- 1104561 TI - Effective respiratory system elastance during positive-pressure breathing in supine man. AB - Two healthy males relaxing supine on a ballistobed were mechanically ventilated at positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) from 0 to 19 cmH2O. Pressures at the airway opening, middle esophagus, and stomach were monitored, together with tidal volume (VT) and ballistobed displacement. The effective elastance (i.e., sum of active and passive components) of the respiratory system (E'rs) and its components--abdominal muscle (E'ab), diaphragm (E'di), and rib cage (E'rc)--were calculated. With increasing PEEP, lung compliance increased slightly, E'rc and E'di decreased linearly, and E'ab increased linearly. The combined effective elastance of abdomen and diaphragm (E'ab+di) first decreased and then increased again. The abdomen-diaphragm contribution to VT during mechanical ventilation was approximately half that of spontaneous breathing. PMID- 1104563 TI - Effect of continuous postive-pressure ventilation (CPPV) on edema formation in dog lung. AB - The effect of CPPV on edema formation in lungs perfused at constant blood flow was studied in whole dogs and in isolated dog lungs. In intact animals, subjected to an increase in left atrial pressure relative to pleural pressure of 40 Torr, pulmonary shunts correlate inversely (r = -0.82) with the level of end-expiratory pressure (PEE). CPPV had no significant effect on total extravasation of liquid even though PEE higher than 20 Torr was effective in preventing liquid from accumulating in the airways. In isolated lobes, perfused at constant blood flow and at a venous pressure of zero, accumulation of liquid occurred when PEE was increased above 8-10 Torr. At comparable levels of pulmonary arterial pressure, an increase in PEE resulted in lesser accumulation of liquid than when pulmonary venous pressure was elevated. Morphometric measurements revealed no significant difference in the distribution of accumulated liquid within the lung parenchyma between lobes made edematous either by raising venous pressuure or by raising PEE. It would appear that CPPV, while beneficial in improving arterial oxygen tension in pulmonary edema, does not prevent extravasation of liquid in lungs perfused at constant blood flow. High levels of PEE appear to damage the lung by favoring accumulation of liquid in the extravascular spaces of the lung. PMID- 1104564 TI - Similarity of blood flows using indocyanine prepared in saline or distilled water. AB - Directly measured blood flow pumped through a mixer circuit was compared to estimates of flow from indicator dilution curves derived from bolus injections of indocyanine green dye prepared in 0.9% saline (saline dye) and in triple distilled water (3 D dye). At flows whose mean appearance time was 1.6 s, the mean error of estimate +/-SD of 2.3 +/- 5.1% using 3 D dye was significantly different (P less than 0.05) from that of 5.6 +/- 7.0% using saline dye. Essentially, there was no difference in estimates of blood flow with each dye solution when mean appearance time was increased to 3.8 s. Thus, the error, which was perhaps due to electrolyte in the concentrated indocyanine green dye (saline dye) and subsequent slowed rate of optical stabilization after dilution in plasma, is small and does not explain the overestimation by indocyanine dilution curves of blood flow in intact dogs. PMID- 1104562 TI - Strontium-85 extraction during transcapillary passage in tibial bone. AB - Indicator dilution experiments were done to determine the extraction of 85Sr during a single passage through capillaries of the tibial diaphysis. Extraction was estimated by injection of 85SrCl2 and a nonpermeant, reference tracer, T-1824 labeled albumin, into the nutrient artery and recording of the effluent venous dilution curves (femoral vein). The mean (+/- SD) maximal instantaneous extraction was 0.53 +/- 0.08 (N = 12). Net retention after 10 min, estimated from venous curves, was 0.41 +/- 0.06 (N = 12), which appeared not substantially different from the retention estimated by direct isotope counting of the tibias for 85Sr, 0.35 +/- 0.06 (N = 12). In a second set of experiments in intact animals, tibial 85Sr extraction after intravenous injection was apparently higher, 0.53 +/- 0.28 (N = 15). Values of tibial diaphyseal blood flow, estimated from washout curves for iodoantipyrine after tibial nutrient artery injection, were 1.47 +/- 0.63 ml/min per 100 g (N = 27). The extraction was not much diminished by higher flows. The estimates of permeability-surface area product (PS) for bone capillaries did increase with flow, suggesting recruitment of more capillaries at higher flows. PS values averaged 0.63 +/- 0.29 (N = 12); we conclude that the capillary membrane is a primary barrier to the passage of 85Sr and presumably other small hydrophilic solutes. PMID- 1104565 TI - Residential asthma treatment centers in the United States and problems in relation to them. PMID- 1104566 TI - Man, malady and medicine (Netaji Oration). PMID- 1104567 TI - Experimental pyelonephritis--a histopathological study of blood borne and ascending patterns of infection. PMID- 1104568 TI - Gene dosage effects in polyploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing gua-1 wild-type and mutant alleles. AB - Triploid and tetraploid Saccharomyces strains containing different combinations of a gua-1 mutant allele and the corresponding wild type were prepared. The cultivation of the different strains in media upon which the mutant fails to grow leads to a pronounced growth rate response to the dosage of the wild-type allele. Proportionality between the specific activity of the guanosine 5'-monophosphate synthetase and the wild-type dosage was reavealed. Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, the precursor enzyme in the pathway, is derepressed in a sigmoid manner when the wild-type dosage is reduced, whereas the activity of cytosine deaminase, investigated as a reference enzyme, is less affected. PMID- 1104569 TI - Genetic analyses of an amber mutation in Escherichia coli K-12, affecting deoxyribonucleic acid ligase and viability. AB - Genetic analyses of an Escherichia coli K-12 mutant possessing the amber mutation lig-321 were carried out. This mutant is defective in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ligase and conditionally lethal. We constructed strains harboring an F'lig+ or F'lig-321 plasmid. Genetic complementation analyses were done by using these plasmids and by constructing a lig-4/F'lig-321 merodiploid. It was shown that lig 321 does not complement lig-4, unless the former is suppressed by an amber suppressor. The same was found to be the case between lig-321 and lig-ts7. Transductional mapping of lig-321, by a four-factor cross, revealed that lig-321 is very closely linked to lig-4. The frequency of recombinants between the two alleles was not unreasonable for assuming that they arose by intragenic recombination. The lig-4 and lig-ts7 alleles are known to reside in the structural gene for DNA ligase, in which lig-321 may also be located. PMID- 1104570 TI - Genetic loci responsible for incompatibility on a co-integrate plasmid, R100-1. AB - An R plasmid, R100-1, was mapped previously (Yoshikawa, 1974) by transduction from an integratively suppressed Hfr strain to a recipient with a mutation in gene dnaA. By this method various types of transductants of plasmid R100-1 that exist autonomously or in the integrated state were obtained. Seventy-one such transductants were used in the present study to map gene inc, which is responsible for incompatibility. The results obtained can be explained by either of the following: (i) R100-1 has only a single gene or gene cluster (inc) despite previous work suggesting that this plasmid is a co-integrate of two replicons; (ii) R100-1 possesses more than one inc locus located between the repA and tra loci. PMID- 1104571 TI - Production of cells without deoxyribonucleic acid during thymidine starvation of lexA- cultures of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - When thymidine-requiring lexA- strains were starved for thymidine, the kinetics of survival were similar to those of a nearly isogenic lexA+ strain. The size distribution of cells in the lexA- and lexA+ cultures were, however, quite different. Whereas most of the cells in the starved lexA+ cultures grew into long filamentous forms (longer than 4.0 mum), many of the lexA- cells were found to have a normal rod shape (4.0 mum or shorter). It was shown that lexA- cells undergo more divisions during thymidine starvation than lexA+ cells. Furthermore, using an autoradiographic method to analyze deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) distribution in the starved cells, we demonstrated that cells without DNA are produced in both normal and starved lexA- cultures at a much higher frequency than in lexA+ cultures. Some of these cells may be produced by breakdown of DNA, but we favor the hypothesis that they result from an abnormal cell division process. Since lexA mutations are dominant, we conclude that a diffusible product decreases the synthesis or activity of an inhibitor of cell division in lexA- strains when DNA synthesis is blocked by thymidine starvation. PMID- 1104572 TI - Ribosomal distribution in a polyamine auxotroph of Escherichia coli. AB - The distribution of ribosomal particles has been studied in a polyamine-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli by sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis. Lysates from starved cells contained less 70S monomers and 30S subunits but more 50S particles than those prepared from bacteria supplemented with putrescine. The addition of the polyamine to putrescine-depleted cells induced a rapid change of the ribosomal profile. A similar effect could be obtained in vitro by equilibrium dialysis against a polyamine-containing solution. The ribosomal pattern obtained from starved bacteria was specific for polyamine deficiency. We conclude that the changes in ribosomal profiles upon restoration of putrescine levels in previously starved cells denote a shift of the equilibrium between 30S-50S couples and ribosomal subunits. PMID- 1104573 TI - Compatibility of pTM89, a new F-like R factor, and of derivative plasmids. AB - pTM89, an fi+ R factor that controls the production of repressed F-type pili, is incompatible with plasmids belonging to the FII and P groups. The results of P1 transduction show that all of the resistance markers of pTM89 are part of a single replicon, which also includes RTF. When the compatibility of different derivative plasmids was investigated, it was found that they fall into two classes. Those of the first class have lost the compatibility of pTM89 for the P group but are still incompatible with FII group, whereas those of the second class are compatible with plasmids of both groups. Plasmids of the latter class that are also compatible with each other and, therefore, apparently lack any determinant for compatibility are genetically stable and self-transmissible. It appears, therefore, that compatibility between plasmids cannot be explained by the hypothesis of competition for a maintenance site. PMID- 1104574 TI - Translocation of the tetracycline resistance determinant from R100-1 to the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. AB - Pairs of normally incompatible derivatives of R100-1 (one ChlS TetR, the other ChilR TetS) were forced to coexist in a recA host by selection for ChlR TetR cells. After many generations stable derivatives were isolated. The analysis of none independent stabilization experiments showed that in each case TetR was translocated from the plasmid to the chromosome of the host. No evidence for the joint integration of other plasmid genes (those controlling transfer, antibiotic resistance, incompatibility, or origin of transfer replication) was obtained. One of the chromosomal TetR determinants was mapped close to metE. PMID- 1104575 TI - Acid-soluble degradation products of ribonucleic acid in Escherichia coli and the role of nucleotidases in their catabolism. AB - The fate of the internally formed nucleotides resulting from the degradation of ribonucleic acid was studied. Prelabeled Escherichia coli cells were submitted to carbon starvation, and the acid-soluble products were separated by thin-layer chromatography. It was determined that free bases constitute some 75% of the end product, the balance consisting of nucleoside diphosphates, 5'-nucleoside monophosphates, 3'-nucleoside monophosphates, and nucleosides. The majority of degradation products, including phosphorylated derivatives, were excreted into the medium. The amount of products in the pool remained constant. The soluble products formed by E. coli mutants lacking either 5'-nucleotidase (Ush-) or 3' nucleotidase (Cpd-) were compared with those produced by the parental strain with both enzymes. The results obtained indicated that 5'-nucleotidase is involved in the degradation of internally foromed nucleotides but that 3'-nucleotidase takes no part in the process. PMID- 1104576 TI - Symbiosis-independent and symbiosis-incompetent mutants of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J. AB - Symbiosis-independent (Sin) mutants were isolated from the symbiosis-dependent and symbiosis-competent (Sdcomp+) Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J. Independently isolated Sin mutants were examined for their symbiosis competence and most were found to be comp+. Bdellovibrios comp- were selected from the Sincomp+ mutants. The Sincomp+ bdellovibrios are always at a selective disadvantage, either against Sincomp- bdellovibrios (in organic medium) or against Sdcomp+ bdellovibrios (in buffer with Escherichia coli cells). PMID- 1104577 TI - Interference of dna ts mutations of Escherichia coli with thymineless death. AB - Thermosensitive mutants of Escherichia coli in which deoxyribonucleic acid replication is inhibited at high temperature have been assayed for their response to thymine deprivation at permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. The survival rate of mutants in which initiation of replication is defective at 42 C (dnaA and dnaC-D) is much higher at nonpermissive temperatures than at 32 C. By contrast, thymineless death is not hindered at 42 C in two elongation mutants (dnaE and dnaG). Bacterial strains belonging to the dnaB class exhibit both types of behavior. These results are in accordance with the model linking thymineless death to a disruption of an active replication fork. We discuss the possibility that the dnaB protein takes part in this process of cell decay. PMID- 1104578 TI - Uroporphyrin-accumulating mutant of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - An uroporphyrin III-accumulating mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 was isolated by neomycin. The mutant, designated SASQ85, was catalase deficient and formed dwarf colonies on usual media. Comparative extraction by cyclohexanone and ethyl acetate showed the superiority of the former for the extraction of the uroporphyrin accumulated by the mutant. Cell-free extracts of SASQ85 were able to convert 5-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen to uroporphyrinogen, but not to copro- or protoporphyrinogen. Under the same conditions cell-free extracts of the parent strain converted 5-aminolevulinic to uroporphyringen, coproporphyrinogen, and protoporphyrinogen. The conversion of porphobilinogen to uroporphyrinogen by cell-free extracts of the mutant was inhibited 98 and 95%, respectively, by p chloromercuribenzoate and p-chloromercuriphenyl-sulfonate, indicating the presence of uroporphyrinogen synthetase activity in the extracts. Spontaneous transformation of porphobilinogen to uroporphyrin was not detectable under the experimental conditions used [4 h at 37 C in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane potassium phosphate buffer, pH 8.2]. The results indicate a deficient uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity of SASQ85 which is thus the first uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase-deficient mutant isolated in E. coli K-12. Mapping of the corresponding locus by P1-mediated transduction revealed the frequent joint transduction of hemE and thiA markers (frequency of co-transduction, 41 to 44%). The results of the genetic analysis suggest the gene order rif, hemE, thiA, metA; however, they do not totally exclude the gene order rif, thiA, hemE, metA. PMID- 1104579 TI - trans-Recessive mutation in the first structural gene of the histidine operon that results in constitutive expression of the operon. AB - The first enzyme for histidine biosynthesis, encoded in the hisG gene, is involved in regulation of expression of the histidine operon in Salmonella typhimurium. The studies reported here concern the question of how expression of the histidine operon is affected by a mutation in the hisG gene that alters the allosteric site of the first enzyme for histidine biosynthesis, rendering the enzyme completely resistant to inhibition by histidine. The intracellular concentrations of the enzymes encoded in the histidine operon in a strain carrying such a mutation on an episome and missing the chromosomal hisG gene are three- to fourfold higher than in a strain carrying a wild-type hisG gene on the episome. The histidine operon on such a strain fails to derepress in response to histidine limitation and fails to repress in response to excess histidine. Furthermore, utilizing other merodiploid strains, we demonstrate that the wild type hisG gene is trans dominant to the mutant allele with respect to this regulatory phenomenon. Examination of the regulation of the histidine operon in strains carrying the feedback-resistant mutation in an episome and hisT and hisW mutations in the chromosome showed that the hisG regulatory mutation is epistatic to the hisT and hisW mutations. These data provide additional evidence that the first enzyme for histidine biosynthesis is involved in autogenous regulation of expression of the histidine operon. PMID- 1104580 TI - Genetic and physical characteristics of an enterotoxin plasmid. AB - We are engaged in the genetic and physical characterization of an enterotoxin (Ent) plasmid, Ent P307, which contains genes for the production of a hear-labile and a heat-stable enterotoxin. We are using an Escherichia coli K-12 strain, 711 (P307), constructed by S. Falkow, which contains no other plasmids besides Ent P307. Our genetic studies have shown that the plasmid is incompatible with the sex factor F, both in the integrated (Hfr) and the autonomous (F-prime) state. Ent P307 can thus be assigned to incompatibility group FI. An R factor, R386, which belongs to the same incompatibility group, was also found to be incompatibile with Ent P307, whereas five other R factors belonging to different incompatibility groups were compatible with Ent P307. In the presence of Ent P307, conjugal transfer and sensitivity to a male-specific phage of a derepressed F-like R factor, R1drd19, were repressed. Ent P307 is, thus, finO+. Presumably, it also causes repression of its own transfer genes since conjugal transfer of Ent P307 could not be demonstrated. Unlike F, it does not restrict the growth of female-specific phage phiII. From physical studies on extracted deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecular weight of Ent P307 was determined to be 54 X 10(6). By electron microscope heteroduplex analysis, the plasmid was found to be homologous with F in four regions, encompassing about half of its length. One long region and two short ones contain genes for conjugal transfer; the other short region carries genes for replication and incompatibility. PMID- 1104581 TI - Fine-structure genetic map of the cysB locus in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A genetic map of the cysB region of the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome was constructed using bacteriophage P22-mediated transduction. Strains bearing delta (supX cysB) mutations were employed to divide this regulatory locus into 12 segments containing a total of 39 single-site mutations. Twenty-five of these single-site mutations were further ordered by reciprocal three-point crosses. The results do not support the concept of multiple cistrons at cysB and suggest that the abortive transductants previously observed in crosses between certain cysB mutants were due to intracistronic complementation. The prototrophic cys-1352 mutation, which causes the constitutive expression of the cysteine biosynthetic enzymes, was found to lie within the cysB region itself. It is bracketed by mutations, which lead to an inability to derepress for these enzymes and result in auxotrophy for cysteine. PMID- 1104582 TI - Association of nascent ribosomal ribonucleic acid with polyribosomes in Escherichia coli. AB - Sedimentation distributions of rapidly labeled ribonucleic acid (RNA) in extracts prepared from cells labeled for 60 s or less with [3H]uridine showed that the immature ribosome precursor particles themselves have an RNA precursor which sediments with polyribosomes and 70s ribosomes. In extracts prepared from cultures labeled for 30 s, the fraction of labeled RNA which did not sediment with polyribosomes was much less than the fraction which was ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Rapidly labeled RNA associated with polyribosomes had a nucleotide base composition consistent with the presence of rRNA, and was shown by RNA deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization to contain 30 to 40% rRNA. Nascent rRNA is thus associated with polyribosomes during its transcription. The sedimentation distribution of rapidly labeled 16s and 23s rRNA showed that these molecules are separated during transcription and associated with different polyribosomes. PMID- 1104583 TI - Genes affecting coliphage BF23 and E colicin sensitivity in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium were sensitive to coliphage BF23. Spontaneous mutants resistant to BF23 (bfe) were isolated, and the trait was mapped using phage P1. The bfe gene in S. typhimurium was located between argF (66% co-transducible) and rif (61% co-transducible). The BF23-sensitive S. typhimurium strains were not sensitive to the E colicins. Cells of these rough strains absorbed colicin, as measured by loss of E2 or E3 killing units from colicin solutions and by specific adsorption of 125I-colicin E2 to bfe+ cells. Sensitivity to colicins E1, E2, and E3 was observed in a S. typhimurium strain carrying the F'8 gal+ episome. This episome complemented the tolB mutation of Escherichia coli. We conclude that the bfe+ protein satisfies requirements for adsorption of both phage BF23 and the E colicins. In addition, expression of a gene from E. coli, possibly tolB, is necessary for efficient E colicin killing of S. typhimurium. PMID- 1104584 TI - Derepression and repression of the histidine operon: role of the feedback site of the first enzyme. AB - Thiazolealanine, a false feedback inhibitor, causes transient repression of the his operon previously derepressed by a severe histidine limitation in strains with a wild-type or feedback-hypersensitive first enzyme but not in feedback resistant mutants. Since experiments reported here clearly demonstrate that thiazolealanine is not transferred to tRNAHis, it is proposed that this "transient repression" is effected through the interaction of thiazolealanine with the feedback site of the enzyme. Experiments in the presence of rifampin indicate that this thiazolealanine-mediated effect is exerted at the level of translation. We conclude that histidine (free), in addition to forming co repressor, also represses the operon at the level of translation through feedback interaction with the first enzyme of the pathway (adenosine 5'-triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase). Rates of derepression in feedback-resistant strains are roughly half of those observed in controls, suggesting a positive role played by a first enzyme with a normal but unoccupied feedback site. Some feedback resistant mutants, in contrast to the wild type, were unable to exhibit derepression under histidine limitation caused by aminotriazole. PMID- 1104585 TI - Unbalanced growth and the production of unique transfer ribonucleic acids in relaxed-control Escherichia coli. AB - The unique leucine-, arginine-, valine-, and phenylalanine-specific transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNA's) produced in relaxed-control (rel-) Escherichia coli during leucine or arginine starvation are chromatographically similar to those produced by chloramphenicol treatment. The major unique rel- leucine-specific and phenylalanine-specific tRNA's are heterogeneous, accumulate with time of starvation, and can account for up to 70% of the respective amino acid acceptor activities. The changes which occur in the isoacceptor profiles for tRNALeu and tRNAPhe as a function of starvation time suggest that the unique species are undermodified precursors to the major isoacceptor species observed in nonstarved cells. Analyses of the isoacceptor patterns of tRNA from cells recovering from starvation suggest that the unique species of tRNALeu and tRNAPhe may not be normally occurring precursors. When leucine-starved cells were incubated in fresh, fully supplemented medium, the major unique tRNALeu and tRNAPhe appeared to be converted to normal species only slowly or not at all. The results are consistent with the view that some of the events in the post-transcriptional modification of tRNA may occur in an ordered sequence. An examination of the subcellular distribution of the unique leucine and phenylalanine tRNA's revealed that these species occur on the ribosome at about the same frequency as the major, normally occurring isoacceptor species. This result provides additional evidence of a precursor-product relationship for the unique and normal tRNA's and further indicates that there is no discrimination against the unique species by the ribosome. PMID- 1104586 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid modification by intermediate-type modification mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 and B. AB - The modification of bacteriophages grown on r-m+/- restriction and modification mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 or B appears to be related to the number of restriction-specific sites in the viral genome. Bacteriophage fd and its mutant U1 fd, which carry two and one B-specific sites, respectively, are not modified in vivo by rB-mB+/- mutant strains. In vitro treatment of fd RF-B+/- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or U1 fd RF-B+/- DNA by endo R-Eco B results in cleavage of the substrate DNA. Lambda bacteriophage, after growth in r-m+/- mutant host strains (lambda-K+/- or lambda-B+/-), is partially protected from in vivo degradation by wild-type homospecific strains. Its efficiency of plating on these strains is approximately 10(-2). However, a hybrid phi80-lambda phage which carries only one K-specific site (sklambda-1) is not modified by rK-mK+/- strains. Labeled DNAs from lambda-B+/- and lambda-K+/- phages were used as substrates for endo R-Eco B and endo R-Eco K nucleases. Zonal centrifugation analysis of the products of the reactions indicate that rK-mK+/- mutants do not protect lambda DNA from in vitro degradation by endo R-Eco K. In contrast, rB mB+/- mutants appear to partially protect lambda DNA from attack by endo R-Eco B. PMID- 1104587 TI - Excision of bacteriophage lambda from a site in the arabinose B gene. AB - A lambda lysogen with the prophage inserted into the arabinose B gene of Escherichia coli strain K-12 has been prepared. Induction of the phage from this lysogen yields viable phage at a frequency 4 X 10(-6) that found for induction of lysogens with phage inserted at the normal attachment site. Over 30% of the phage particles induced from the insertion in ara are arabinose-transducing phage. The excision end points of 62 independently isolated, nondefective araC-transducing phage containing less than the entire araC gene were genetically determined and were found to be randomly distributed through the araC gene. The amount of arabinose deoxyribonucleic acid contained on four selected transducing phage was determined by electron microscopy of deoxyribonucleic acid heteroduplexes, providing a physical map of the araC gene. The efficiency with which these phage transduce araC and araB point mutations was found to be approximately proportional to the homology length available for recombination. PMID- 1104588 TI - Alterations in membrane function in an Escherichia coli mutant tolerant to colicins Ia and Ib. AB - An Escherichia coli mutant (tolI) previously shown to be tolerant to colicins Ia and Ib is defective in several functions of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. When compared with its parental strain, X36, whole cells of tolI show reduced rates of respiration with succinate, malate, or lactate as the substrate but near normal rates with glucose or glycerol. Cell membrane preparations prepared from tolI cells exhibit reduced succinate and D-lactate oxidase activity but elevated levels of reduced-form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase. tolI cells have reduced levels of succinate and D-lactate dehydrogenase but normal levels of NADH dehydrogenase. Glycerol-grown tolI cells and membrane vesicles prepared from such cells are defective in the active transport of several amino acids and thiomethyl-beta-D-galactoside; however, they accumulate higher levels of alpha-methylglucoside when compared with X36 whole cells or vesicles. Although tolI cells adsorb less colicin Ia at high colicin concentrations than do X36 cells, it is shown that the adsorption of an Ia molecule to tolI cells has a lower probability of eliciting cell death than does Ia adsorption to strain X36 cells. It is concluded that a single mutation can lead to an alteration in several aspects of cytoplasmic membrane function and colicin I sensitivity. PMID- 1104589 TI - Isolation and characterization of a new temperature-sensitive cell division mutant of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A new temperature-sensitive mutant strain of Escherichia coli K-12 which forms filaments at 42 C has been described. The mutant, Y16, maintained growth and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis at 42 C. The resulting multinucleate filaments gradually lost their viability at 42 C but could be recovered, even after 240 min of incubation, upon return to 30 C. Septation was resumed and growth was promptly re-established at normal rates. Recovery still took place in the presence of chloramphenicol added to the culture at the time of temperature shift from 42 to 30 C. A study has been made of the effects of adenine and various nucleosides on cultures of strain Y16 as compared with another filament-forming mutant, T44 tif . Adenine (75 mug/ml), known to promote filamentation of strain T44 tif-, prevented the development of filaments and the loss of viability in cultures of Y16. Recovery of septation after temperature shift in cultures containing adenine presented a pattern similar to that found with the adenine-less cultures. Protection afforded by adenine at 42 C could be reversed by the addition of guanosine plus cytidine (100 mug/ml each). The effects of high concentrations of adenine and nucleosides on strain Y16 thus are the reverse of those observed with mutant T44 tif-. However, whereas tif-1 mutation promotes prophage induction at restrictive temperatures, no modification could be detected in the process of prophage induction in cultures of the lambda-lysogenic derivative of Y16 at 42 C, be it spontaneous or ultraviolet-mediated induction. The osmolarity increase afforded by 1% NaCl added to the medium did not alter the phenotype characteristics of strain Y16. The mutation has been mapped between argG and bgl. A close linkage has been observed between ftsH and argG, thereby locating the new mutation near 61 min on the map of E. coli chromosome, a previously undescribed region involved in cell division. The evidence reported indicates that strain Y16 differs in several respects from the already descirbed strains of the same class. PMID- 1104591 TI - Timing and function of chitin synthesis in yeast. AB - A temperature-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, L-2-42, is blocked at 37 C at a stage of the cell cycle prior to septum formation. When single cells of the mutant are allowed to bud at 37 C in a medium containing tritiated glucose, a large incorporation of radioactivity into chitin takes place. Thus, the synthesis of chitin, the major component of the primary septum, is initiated in a phase of the cell cycle which precedes septum closure. This early period of chitin synthesis is not required for emergence and growth of buds because, in the wild type, budding takes place normally in the presence of concentrations of polyoxin D that effectively and specifically prevent chitin formation. However, at a later time a majority of these cells lyse, presumably because of the inability to form a septum. Polyoxin D also prevents the appearance of enhanced fluorescence at the junction between mother cell and bud, as observed in the presence of a brightener. Therefore, the fluorescence is due to chitin and its presence at the base of very early buds indicates that chitin synthesis begins at or shortly after bud emergence. A scheme for chitin synthesis and primary septum formation which embodies these and other results is presented. PMID- 1104590 TI - Sporulation in D-glucosamine auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: meiosis with defective ascospore wall formation. AB - Mutants that require exogenous D-glucosamine for growth were isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A after ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis. Class A auxotrophs fail to grow on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose and minimal media, whereas class B auxotrophs grow on minimal medium and readily revert to grow on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose medium. Class B auxotrophs are suppressible by a class of suppressors distinct from nonsense suppressors, and their properties suggest that they are defective in a regulatory function. All 23 mutants studied were recessive and allelic, and they define a new gene designated gcn1. An analysis of a class A auxotroph revealed that it lacked L-glutamine:D fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase (EC 2.6.1.16) activity and indicates that GCN1 codes the amino acid sequence of this enzyme. The finding that all mutants were allelic indicates that the amidotransferase is the only enzyme responsible for D-glucosamine synthesis in S. cerevisiae. The occurrence of allelic complementation and media-conditional mutants suggests that the amidotransferase is a multimeric enzyme with an activity subject to metabolic control. Diploids homozygous for gcn1 fail to complete sporulation. They proceed through meiosis normally, as judged by the occurrence of meiotic recombination, the production of haploid nuclei, and the formation of multinucleate cells visible after Giemsa staining. However, the formation of glusulase-resistant ascospores is blocked, and deformed spores lacking the electron-dense outer layer characteristic of the normal spore wall are observed by electron microscopy. Cells that acquire the ability to synthesize D-glucosamine, because of gene conversion during meiosis, complete sporulation in a normal fashion. Thus, the GCN1 gene product appears to be synthesized late in sporulation and may prove to be a useful developmental landmark for the termination of ascospore development. PMID- 1104592 TI - Ultrastructural visualization of surface carbohydrate structures on mycoplasma membranes by concanavalin A. AB - Surface carbohydrates of Mycoplasma mycoides var. capri were made visible by the cytochemical staining procedure with concanavalin A, horseradish peroxidase, and diaminobenzidine. PMID- 1104593 TI - Unusual membranous structures in minicells and minicell-producing strains of Escherichia coli. AB - Minicell-producing strains of Escherichia coli K-12 seem to produce extra membranous material yielding internal cross membranes, "piggy-back" minicell forms, and unusual vesicles. PMID- 1104594 TI - Genetic map location of the Escherichia coli dnaG gene. AB - The dnaG locus of Escherichia coli K-12 has been mapped at about 60 min on the genetic map by three-factor crosses using P1 transduction. In crosses selecting for dnaG+, the cotransduction frequency with the tolC marker is 15% and that with the uxaC marker is 49%. The gene order is tolC dnaG uxaC. PMID- 1104595 TI - Balanced production of 30S and 50S ribosomal proteins after a nutritional shift up. AB - The synthesis of bulk ribosomal protein (r-protein) after a nutritional shift-up in Escherichia coli B/r was examined. It was found that the molar ratio of the net synthesis rates of 30S and 50S r-protein remains constant during the transition period after the shift-up and equal to the preshift ratio. The implications for the control of ribosome synthesis are discussed. PMID- 1104597 TI - Effects of growth conditions on thymidine nucleotide pools in Escherichia coli. AB - The cellular levels of thymidine nucleotide derived from [3H]thymine or [3H]thymidine were followed under various environmental conditions with a thymine requiring mutant of Escherichia coli. It was shown that the pool sizes varied greatly with the growth conditions; that is, with growth temperature, inhibition of DNA synthesis of replacement of thymine with thymidine. In the strain used here, the level of compound X, presumably dTDP-sugar, was very much higher than those of other thymidine nucleotides. It is suggested that the conversion of thymine to thymidine is rate-limiting, while the conversions of thymidine to dTMP, and of dTMP to dTDP are more rapid than other steps in the salvage pathway of thymidine nucleotide. PMID- 1104596 TI - Transfectability of rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Cells of rough (but not smooth) strains of Salmonella typhimurium become competent for transfection by phage P22 deoxyribonucleic acid after treatment with 0.1 M CaCl2. The yield of infectious centers is about 10(-8) per genome equivalent of deoxyribonucleic acid. However, different sorts of rough strains vary in their ability to become competent in a fashion that can be correlated with the level of the genetic block in cell wall lipopolysaccharide synthesis. The most amenable strains are blocked by defects in the addition of galactose units I and II of the lipopolysaccharide by the inability to synthesize uridine 5'-diphosphate-galactose (galE point mutants and gal deletion mutants). Strains blocked only in the addition of galactose I, glucose I, or heptose II have low levels of transfectability, whereas strains with either more complete or more deficient lipopolysaccharide core are not competent for transfection. When normal lipopolysaccharide synthesis is restored either genetically or by furnishing exogenous galactose (galE point mutants that can still use it), the cells are not longer competent for transfection. PMID- 1104598 TI - Transport of sugars and amino acids in bacteria. XIII. Mechanism of selective inhibition of the active transport reactions for proline, leucine, and succinate by zinc ions. AB - A mutant (S-1) of Escherichia coli which lacks succinate dehydrogenase [EC 1.3.99.1] but has normally succinate transport system, and various oxidase activities other than succinate, was isolated from the strain U24. Using these strains studies were made on the effects of zinc ions on the active transport reactions for succinate proline, and leucine. Zinc ions inhibited succinate transport reaction and succinate oxidation by intact cells. The active transport reaction for proline, which was supported by endogenous energy source in intact cells, was slightly inhibited by zinc ions. This inhibition was not reversed by large excess of magnesium ions. The initial rates of active uptakes of proline were increased by exogenous energy sources such as succinate and glycerol and zinc ions greatly inhibited these. However, D-lactate dependent proline uptake was enhanced slightly by the presence of zinc ions. It was found that zinc ions at a high concentration enhanced the steady level of proline accumulation in cells. This mechanism was studied in detail and we concluded that zinc ions inhibited completely the exchange-exit reaction for proline. Effects of zinc ions on the active transport reaction for leucine were rather simple when compared with these for proline. Zinc ions inhibited strongly the initial rates of leucine uptakes which were driven by endogenous and exogenous energy sources. The ions also inhibited the exchange-exit reaction. PMID- 1104599 TI - Transport of sugars and amino acids in bacteria. XV. Comparative studies on the effects of various energy poisons on the oxidative and phosphorylating activities and energy coupling reactions for the active transport systems for amino acids in E. coli. AB - The effects of various energy poisons on oxidation of respiratory substrate, synthesis of cellular ATP, and energy transformation reaction in intact Escherichia coli cells were studied systematically. Various mutants were, therefore, used in which specific functions in the energy-transducing reactions were defective or altered. The energy poisons examined were: sodium azide. DPPA and azidebenzenes which are inhibitors of respiratory-chain phosphorylation, SF6847, and CCCP which are known to be uncouplers, zinc sulfate which is an inhibitor for certain dehydrogenases, and sodium arsenate and sodium fluoride which are inhibitors of glycolytic synthesis of ATP. The preferential inhibitions occurred in the oxidation reactions with certain respiratory substrates by energy poisons used. DPPA inhibited glycerol oxidation much more strongly than succinate oxidation. However, DPPA could inhibit the oxidation of both glycerol 3 phosphate and succinate by membrane fraction strongly while the oxidation of NADH and D-lactate slightly. It inhibited glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.2.1] strongly as well as succinate dehydrogenase [EC 1.3.99.1],.but not D lactate dehydrogenase of membrane fraction. MAB and other azidebenzene derivatives inhibited succinate oxidation preferentially. SF6847 and CCCP inhibited succinate oxidation strongly, while sodium azide inhibited it weakly and these three poisons were less inhibitory for glycerol oxidation. DPPA, sodium azide, SF6847, and CCCP inhibited the synthesis of ATP coupled with respiration but not with glycolysis. Zinc sulfate inhibited the cellular ATP synthesis coupled with either respiration or glycolysis. PMID- 1104600 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoassay. I. Novel method for synthesis of the insulin-beta-D galactosidase conjugate and its applicability for insulin assay. AB - Pork insulin was subjected to mercaptosuccinylation and then coupled to beta-D galactosidase [EC 3.2.1.23] from Escherichia coli using N,N'-o phenylenedimaleimide. The competitive binding of the conjugate and insulin to anti-insulin antibody was tested. Results showed that formation of an insulin beta-D-galactosidase conjugate could be used for immunoassay of insulin. PMID- 1104601 TI - Formation of a binary complex between elongation factor G and guanine nucleotides. AB - The interaction of the polypeptide chain elongation factor G (EF-G) from E. coli with guanine nucleotides was investigated using the hydrophobic dye, 1-anilino-8 naphthalensulfonic acid. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of the hydrophobic dye elicited in the presence of EF-G was diminished markedly by addition of GTP, and to a lesser extent, by addition of GDP. Direct evidence for the formation of the binary complexes, EF-G-GTP and EF-G-GDP, was provided by gel filtrations of EF-G on Sephadex G-25 columns equilibrated with buffers containing radioactive GTP and GDP, respectively. PMID- 1104602 TI - In vitro transcription of the Escherichia coli histidine operon primed by dinucleotides. Effect of the first histidine biosynthetic enzyme. AB - Initiation of transcription of the Escherichia coli histidine (his) operon in vitro has been analyzed. The DNA of a specialized transducing phage, o80dhis, was used as a template, and his RNA was measured by RNA/DNA hybridization. Taking advantage of the fact that E. coli RNA polymerase cannot initiate transcription when the nucleoside triphosphates are present at very low (5 muM) concentration, his RNA initiation was primed by dinucleoside monophosphates. It has been found that his RNA synthesis can be stimulated by one of the three dinucleotides CpA, ApA, and ApG. Under these conditions, it is the initiation of his RNA synthesis that is stimulated. Stimulation of his RNA synthesis by the three dinucleotides apparently occurs at a single initiation site, as judged by the nonadditivity of the effects of the three dinucleotides. This was further confirmed by the effect of phosphoribosyltransferase (the first enzyme of histidine biosynthesis, which specifically represses the synthesis of his RNA) on ApA primed RNA synthesis. Addition of his protein results in a sharp decrease of his RNA synthesis, with no effect whatsoever on the levels of RNAa transcribed from other regions of the template. Our data suggest that the 5' -terminal sequence of his RNA made in vitro is ApApG and that the base immediately preceding this sequence is C. PMID- 1104603 TI - A novel function of Escherichia coli transfer RNA nucleotidyltransferase. Biosynthesis of the C-C-A sequence in a phage T4 transfer RNA precursor. AB - The biosynthesis of the phage T4-coded proline and serine transfer RNA species proceeds through a precursor RNA containing both tRNA sequences. Neither tRNA sequence in the precursor RNA contains the 3'-terminal C-C-A common to all mature tRNAs. Seidman and McClain ((1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 72, 1491-1495) have proposed that the C-C-A sequence is added to serine tRNA while it is still part of the large precursor RNA. In the present work, I show that, in vitro, a purified preparation of Escherichia coli tRNA nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.25) accurately synthesized 3'-terminal C-C-A in the serine tRNA portion of the precursor RNA. This result establishes a role of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase in the biosynthesis of the phage T4 serine tRNA. The finding that tRNA nucleotidyltransferase utilizes the large precursor RNA as a substrate represents a novel function of the enzyme. PMID- 1104604 TI - Acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in Escherichia coli. Study of reaction with native palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein. AB - The sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity of Escherichia coli has been assayed using native palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein as the acyl donor. This substrate was synthesized by a plant chloroplast system which utilized E. coli acyl carrier protein. The properties of the acyltransferase as assayed with palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein were similar to those observed using palmitoyl-CoA as the acyl donor. This finding suggested that single enzyme catalyzed transfer of acyl groups from either thioester to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. This hypothesis was tested by assay of two classes of E. coli mutants which have altered sn glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases. Both classes (plsA and plsB) of mutants have similarly altered activities as assayed with either palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein or palmitoyl-CoA. These results indicate that the same acyltransferase enzyme (or enzyme system) catalyzes the incorporation of both thioester substrates into phospholipid. Other experiments have shown that the acyltransferase of a plsB mutant was abnormally thermolabile only when palmitoyl CoA was the acyl donor in the reaction. No thermolability was observed with palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein as acyl donor. The thermolability observed with palmitoyl-CoA is attributed to the detergent properties of this substrate. In agreement with Lueking and Goldfine (Lueking, D. R., and Goldfine, H. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 4911-4917), we found that guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3' diphosphate (ppGpp) inhibits the acyltransferase only when palmitoyl-CoA was the acyl donor. No inhibition was observed when the acyltransferase was assayed with palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein in the presence of ppGpp. Incubation of the enzyme with ppGpp to assay results in a profound inhibition of acyltransfer from palmitoyl-CoA but has no effect on the incorporation of acyl groups from palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein. PMID- 1104605 TI - Salt effects in the glutathione-facilitated reactivation of reduced bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. AB - The rate of regeneration of reduced RNase by glutathione was examined in the presence of several added substances: substrate, phospholipid, other proteins, bacterial ribosomes, and neutral salts. Of these, only neutral salts showed substantial effects. K2HOP4 and (NH4)2SO4 strongly accelerated regeneration, the alkali chlorides showed moderate acceleration or inhibition, while LiBr and KSCN strongly inhibited. The t1/2 for regeneration in 1 M Pi is 4 min compared to 75 min in the absence of Pi; in 0.5 M KSCN t1/2 greater than 100 min. The pattern of specific salt effects is similar to a Hofmeister series. There is a strong parallel between the pattern of specific salt effects on the kinetics of RNase regeneration and the pattern of effects of the same salts on the equilibrium stability of biopolymers. This suggests that the role of salts in the regeneration is to stabilize or destabilize rate-limiting folding intermediates. Pi-accelerated glutathione regenerations showed a broad temperature optimum from 30-37 degrees. In strong contrast with the virtual concentration independence of the Pi-free controls, with Pi = 1 M, both rates and yields of RNase activity were decreased markedly at [RNase] greater than 2 x 10(-6) M. Phosphate and pyrophosphate showed additive, and in some cases, synergistic accelerations. These results suggest that specific ion binding occurs in addition to general solvent effects. PMID- 1104606 TI - Catalysis of a step of the overall reaction by the alpha subunit of Escherichia coli succinyl coenzyme A synthetase. AB - The isolated alpha subunit or succinyl-CoA synthetase from Escherichia coli is capable of catalyzing one step of the overall reaction, namely its own phosphorylation by the substrate ATP. The data presented herein also suggest that the binding sites for other substrates (succinate, succinyl-CoA) are located either on the beta subunit or comprise part of both subunit types. From these observations and from our earlier finding that the two subunits species are necessary for the overall reaction, we propose that the active site is assembled at or close to the point of contact of the two subunits in the native alpha2beta2 enzymic structure. PMID- 1104607 TI - Inhibition of DNA replication in Escherichia coli by cyanide and carbon monoxide. AB - The inhibition of DNA replication in aerobically growing Escherichia coli by cyanide or carbon monoxide occurs within about 20 s at 15 degrees, as previously reported by Cairns and Denhardt (Cairns, J., and Denhardt, D.T. (1968) J. Mol. Biol. 36, 335-342). This rapid inhibition can be explained by the nearly complete depletion of both intracellular ATP and deoxynucleoside triphosphates which occurs during the time that replication stops. There is probably no direct effect of carbon monoxide on any of the enzymes involved in replication because this reagent has no effect on replication rate or ATP level in anaerobic cells. These cells produce ATP by glycolysis. The inhibition of replication by cyanide, a highly reactive compound, appears to be more complex since anaerobically growing cells can still be completely inhibited, although higher concentrations are required than for aerobically growing cells. The sensitivity of anaerobic cells to cyanide is probably due to the ability of this highly reactive compound to react nonspecifically with many proteins and other molecules. PMID- 1104608 TI - Lifetime and rotational relaxation time of dansylgalactoside bound to the lac carrier protein. AB - The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the excited state lifetime, anisotropy, and rotational relaxation time of 2'-(N-dansyl)aninoethyl 1-thio-beta D-galactopyranoside (DG2) increase when the probe is bound specifically to the lac carrier protein in "energized" Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. Although the probe also binds nonspecifically to the vesicle membrane, such binding is independent of the lac carrier protein and is unaffected by "energization" of the vesicles. The experiments provide further evidence that the dansylgalactosides are useful probes for the beta-galactoside transport system and support the hypothesis that the changes in dansylgalactoside fluorescence observed on "energization" of membrane vesicles reflect changes in the binding of the probe. PMID- 1104609 TI - Conformation of deoxynucleoside triphosphate substrates on DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli as determined by nuclear magnetic relaxation. AB - A unique conformation of deoxynucleoside triphosphate substrates bound to Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The effects of Mn(II) bound at the active site of the enzyme on the longitudinal (T1p-1) and transverse (T2p-1) relaxation rates of the alpha, beta, and gamma phosphorus atoms and 5 protons of enzyme-bound thymidine 5'-triphosphate (dTTP) were measured at 40.5 MHz (31P), 100 and 220 MHz (1H). From frequency dependence of T1p-1, a correlation time of 7 X 10(-10) s and Mn(II) to proton distances of 10.4, 9.9, 10.3, 10.8, and 8.4 A were calculated for the --CH3, H6, H'1, H'2, and H'4 protons. The calculated Mn(II) to phosphorus distances of 4.2, 4.8, and 3.2 A for the alpha, beta, and gamma phosphorus atoms indicates that Mn(II) corrdinates directly only with the gamma-phosphoryl group and that a puckered triphpsphate conformation exists for the enzyme-bound dTTP. This differs from the binary Mn(II)-dTTP complex in which alpha, beta, and gamma phosphoryl coordination occurs, and a thymine-deoxyribose torsion angly (chi) about the glycosidic bond of 40 degrees is detected. The eight manganese substrate distances on the enzyme are fit by a unique Mn-dTTP conformation, with a torsion angle equal to 90 degrees, indistinguishable from that found for a deoxynucleotidyl unit in double helical DNA-B. Hence, binding to DNA polymerase appears to adjust the conformation of dTTP for Watson-Crick basepairing. Similarly, the binding of Mn-dATP to DNA polymerase I increased the distances from Mn(II) to the H2, H8, H'1, and H'4 protons of dATP but the adenine deoxyribose torsion angle of 90 degrees was preserved. Such preorientation of substrates could facilitate incorporation of the complementary nucleotide. When positioned within the DNA structure, the conformation of enzyme-bound Mn-dTTP requires an inline nucleophilic attack on the alpha phosphorus with Mn(II) promoting pyrophosphate departure. PMID- 1104610 TI - Active transport in Escherichia coli B membrane vesicles. Differential inactivating effects from the enzymatic oxidation of beta-chloro-L-alanine and beta-chloro-D-alanine. AB - Isolated membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli B grown on DL-alanine and glycerol carry out amino acid active transport coupled to a membrane-bound D alanine dehydrogenase (Kaczorowski, G., Shaw, L., Fuentes, M., and Walsh, C. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 2855). Certain L-amino acids can also energize solute transport by conversion to their D isomers via an alanine reacemase. Both D chloroalanine and L-chloroalanine initially drive amino acid and methyl-beta thiogalactose uptake. The D isomer however causes rapid inactivation of both dehydrogenase-coupled transport and the phosphotransferase system. Transport functions can be protected by dithiothreitol which is postulated to act as a scavenging nucleophile. This inactivation by the D isomer is time-dependent and irreversible not only for proline transport but also for alpha-methylglucoside uptake. Unlike the D isomer, beta-chloro-L-alanine does not inactivate transport. L-Chloroalanine is not racemized to the D isomer but rather undergoes a racemase catalyzed beta elimination of chloride ion to produce pyruvate. Pyruvate can subsequently be oxidized to stimulate active transport. This pyridoxal phosphate dependent racemase is inactivated by low concentrations of D-chloroalanine but the L isomer can only cause inactivation at a 40-fold higher concentration and longer times of exposure. The D-alanine dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation product of D-chloroalanine is chloropyruvate, and this keto acid is hypothesized to be the inactivating species of transport for the following reasons. Chloropyruvate has been isolated from D-chloroalanine oxidation but not from oxidation of the L isomer. Chlorolactate which can be oxidized to chloropyruvate (via membrane-bound lactate dehydrogenases) also causes inactivation of transport in E. coli K-12 membrane vesicles. Mutants having diminished lactate dehydrogenase activity show a slower rate of inactivation with chlorolactate. Moreover, synthetic chloropyruvate irreversibly inactivates both active transport of proline and phosphotransferase system-dependent group translocation of alpha-methylglucoside. The effects of D- and L-chloroalanine and chlorolactate on transport in membrane vesicles are also seen in whole cells. PMID- 1104611 TI - Active transport in Excherichia coli B membrane vesicles. Irreversible uncoupling by chloropyruvate. AB - In the accompanying report (Kaczorowski, G., Shaw, L., Laura, R., and Walsh, C. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 8921-8930), we have shown that the oxidation of beta chloro-D-alanine by a membrane-bound D-alanine dehydrogenase results in the inactivation of both dehydrogenase-coupled and P-enolpyruvate-dependent active transport in membrane vesicles. We have also demonstrated that chemically prepared chloropyruvate has the same inactivating effects on transport. In this report, we show that in addition to abolishing hexose and proline uptake, chloropyruvate inhibits lactose and several other amino acid uptake systems to different extents, although proline transport is the most severely inhibited. The degree of transport inactivation also depends on whether the keto acid is added exogenously or is generated by the D-alanine dehydrogenase. Chloropyruvate treatment does not inhibit D-alanine dehydrogenase, D-lactate dehydrogenase of the passage of electrons to oxygen by the membrane cytochrome chain. However, alanine racemase and pyruvate oxidase (to a lesser extent) are inactivated by this keto acid. Treatment of vesicles with chloropyruvate does not affect the establishment of maintenance of a membrane potential, however, this does inhibit solute transport in response to an artificially induced potential. If chloropyruvate is added at any point during a time course of proline transport, there is an instantaneous blockade of amino acid uptake suggesting that the proline carrier can no longer translocate solute across the membrane. Upon examining the functionality of the carrier protein after exposure to chloropyruvate, there is no appreciable difference in efflux or exchange properties as compared to untreated controls. Therefore chloropyruvate does not block proline passage through the membrane, but rather appears to interfere with the ability of the proline carrier to sense the membrane potential. The beta-halo keto acid does not then uncouple respiration from energization of the membrane but does interfere with the ability of the energized membrane state to be used for the transport of most solutes. PMID- 1104612 TI - Template properties of bacteriophage T4 vegetative DNA. I. Isolation and characterization of two template fractions from gently lysed T4-infected bacteria. AB - The synthesis and template properties of T4 vegetative DNA were studied. The DNA containing material in lysates of cells taken 20 min past T4 infection sediments in sucrose gradients as two major components. Both fractions function as templates for amino acid incorporation in a DNA-dependent in vitro system (coupled transcription-translation). The slower sedimenting activity is not present in uninfected cells and appears in wild type T4-infected cells only after 12 min at 30 degrees, shortly after DNA synthesis starts. It is dependent for its activity on an added S-30 fraction from either uninfected or T4-infected cells and is completely inhibited by deoxyribonuclease or rifampin. On a weight basis the slower sedimenting template is about 30 to 70% as active as mature T4 DNA when supplemented with S-30 extracts from uninfected cells. The spectrum of proteins synthesized in response to the slower sedimenting template is different from that produced in response to mature T4 DNA. In contrast to mature DNA, this template is capable of directing the synthesis of material that precipitates with antiserum directed against whole T4 particles. Thus, it appears capable of directing the synthesis of mRNA for phage structural proteins, i.e. late proteins. The faster sedimenting component is about 8-fold less active for stimulating amino acid incorporation than mature DNA. Significant amounts of RNA polymerase are associated with this DNA in active transcription complexes, yet polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins synthesized in response to this fraction show a pattern that resembles the early proteins made from mature T4 DNA in extracts from uninfected cells. PMID- 1104613 TI - Template properties of bacteriophage T4 vegetative DNA. II. Effect of maturation and DNA-arrest mutations. AB - The DNA in gently lysates of T4-infected Escherichia coli cells sediments in sucrose gradients as two major components; the slower sedimenting component is designated as the S-5 fraction and the faster sedimenting component as the pad fraction. The distribution of these fractions in lysates of cells infected with T4 maturation-defective and DNA-arrest mutants was determined, and their template activities were compared in a DNA-dependent amino acid-incorporating system. The S-5 DNA template was found to be completely absent in E. coli B cells infected with a T4 maturation-defective mutant (gene 55). On the other hand, DNA sedimenting as the S-5 component is greatly increased, while that sedimenting as the pad component is virtually absent in nonpermissive cells infected with a DNA arrest mutant (gene 46). The S-5 fractions prepared from cells infected with a DNA ligase mutant (gene 30) and a gene 30 gene 46 double mutant are reduced in their ability to stimulate amino acid incorporation compared to similar preparations from cells infected with wild type T4 or a gene 46 mutant. Moreover, the template activity of partially purified replicative DNA prepared from cells infected with phage-carrying mutations either on gene 30 or in both genes 46 and 56 (dCTPase) is lower than that of DNA obtained from cells infected with wild type phage. The polypeptide products of reaction mixtures programmed with several of the mutant DNAs were found to be qualitatively different from polypeptides synthesized in response to either mature DNA or replicative DNA prepared from cells infected with wild type phage. These data suggest that the expression of phage DNA may be significantly influenced by physical changes in the DNA arising from abnormal replication. PMID- 1104614 TI - Mutants of Escherichia coli defective in membrane phospholipid synthesis. Effect of cessation of net phospholipid synthesis on cytoplasmic and outer membranes. AB - The effect of cessation of net phospholipid synthesis on the cytoplasmic and outer membranes of Escherichia coli was investigated in a mutant strain defective in the first enzyme of phospholipid synthesis, the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol-P) acyltransferase. The glycerol-P (glycerol) auxotropic phenotype of this strain resulted from an altered membranous glycerol-P acyltransferase activity with an apparent Km for glycerol-P 10 times higher than that of the parental activity. When net phospholipid synthesis was halted during glycerol deprivation, both soluble and cell envelope protein synthesis continued. Fractionation of the membranes derived from glycerol-supplemented and glycerol deprived cultures by isopycnic banding in sucrose gradients revealed that both the cytoplasmic and outer membranes of the deprived culture banded at higher buoyant densities. The protein/phospholipid ratio of both the cytoplasmic and outer membranes increased approximately 60% during the period of glycerol deprivation. The distribution of two cytoplasmic membrane activities, NADH oxidase and 1-acylglycerol-P acyltransferase, and an outer membrane activity, phospholipase A1, showed that the total membranes derived from glycerol-deprived cultures were separated cleanly into cytoplasmic and outer membrane fractions. Both cytoplasmic and outer membrane proteins were synthesized and integrated into their respective membranous structures when net phospholipid synthesis was halted. Hence, the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipid and membrane protein are not tightly coupled. Further, these data suggest that cellular control mechanisms exist which maintain the protein content of both membranous structures below the point where they are saturated with protein. PMID- 1104615 TI - Binding of MET-TRNAf and GTP to homogeneous initiation factor MP. AB - Homogeneous initiation factor MP forms a stable complex with Met-tRNAf which binds to nitrocellulose filters in the absence of ribosomal subunits. Complex formation is rapid at 0 degrees and the rate of reaction is stimulated 20-fold by GTP when freshly prepared initiation factor MP is used. Under optimal assay conditions, a 1:1:1 stoichiometry for initiation factor MP, GTP, and Met-tRNAf is indicated, based on a molecular weight for initiation factor MP of 180,000. Kinetic analysis of ternary complex formation suggests an ordered reaction sequence with binding of GTP followed by binding of Met-tRNAf. However, binding of GTP appears to produce an unstable state which leads to rapid inactivation of initiation factor MP in the absence of Met-tRNAf. Formation of a stable binary complex of initiation factor MP and Met-tRNAf occurs in the absence of GTP. The binary complex cannot subsequently bind GTP. While storage of initiation factor MP at 0 degrees for several weeks has no effect on the rate or extent of Met tRNAf binding in the presence of GTP, the rate of binary complex formation is increased 10-fold. The binary and ternary complexes appear to bind to 40 S ribosomal subunits with equal efficiency. PMID- 1104616 TI - Kinetic analysis of ribonucleic acid chain initiation by Escherichia coli Ribonucleic acid polymerase bound to DNA. AB - The kinetics of the RNA chain initiation reaction carried out by RNA polymerase bound to the initiator region of a DNA template have been analyzed. Initiation proceeds in a two-substrate reaction in which the initial binary complex (enzyme DNA) is transformed into a ternary complex (enzyme-DNA-RNA) by formation of a dinucleoside tetraphosphate and release of inorganic pyrophosphate. In this reaction RNA polymerase serves as a reactant rather than acting catalytically. The concentration of the reacting binary complex decreases throughout the reaction; hence steady state approximations cannot be used. Kinetic equations for an ordered two-substrate reaction are derived. These are most useful for the special case of reaction in the presence of an inhibitor of initiation, such as rifampicin. Equations for the latter instance are solved exactly with recourse to the steady state approximation. It is found that measurements of the extent of the initiation reaction determined at different inhibitor and substrate concentrations can give information about the initiation reaction analogous to that obtained in standard steady state kinetic analysis. This theory is applied to the experimental study of the initiation reaction carried out by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. It is found that the inhibitor rifampicin, which blocks the initiation reaciton, acts by binding to the same form of the binary complex as the nucleoside triphosphate substrate (ATP or GTP) which is incorporated into the 5' terminus of nascent RNA molecule. The binding of the 5'-terminal nucleoside triphosphate to the enzyme appears to be rate-limiting for the initiation reaction under standard assay conditions. Initiation appears to follow an ordered reaction mechanism; however, the order of addition of the two substrates is still uncertain. PMID- 1104617 TI - Effectiveness of various unsaturated fatty acids in supporting growth and respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The saturated fatty acid auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, KD115, was used to determine the efficiency of various unsaturated fatty acids in supporting growth. The efficiency, as the number of cells produced per fmol of unsaturated fatty acid, ranged from zero for a number of acids to over 26 cells per fmol of eicosapentaenoic acid. Efficiencies tended to be higher for acids with fewer carbons or more double bonds. In a series of positional isomers of cis octadecenoic acid, the delta9 isomer had the greatest efficiency (12 cells per fmol). Exogenous oleic acid was taken up and incorporated into cellular lipid early in the growth of the cells. Further growth proceeded with a decrease in the relative content of oleate in lipids until a minimum value of 9 mol % was reached at stationary phase. The initial concentration of supplemental acid did not affect the final mole % value. Other unsaturated fatty acids reached limiting values of mole % in phospholipid at stationary phase that were characteristic for the acid used. When cells were grown with glycerol as the carbon source, the efficiencies of most acids in supporting growth were one-third to one-fifth the value with glucose and the final mole % of supplement acid in phospholipid at stationary phase was two to five times greater. Apparently, mitochondrial energy transduction necessary for glycerol utilization requires higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in membrane lipids than do extramitochondrial functions. The respiratory rate of mitochondria was not decreased at lower levels of oleic or palmitoleic acid in lipids, although respiratory control was lower when the mole % of unsaturated fatty acid was lower. Mitochondria from cells supplemented with eicosaenoic acid were found to have both low respiration and respiratory control. The decreased respiration of these mitochondria coincided with a decreased cytochrome content, not a decrease in respiration per mol of cytochrome. PMID- 1104618 TI - Requirements for unsaturated fatty acids for the induction on respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Unsaturated fatty acids provided during the release from glucose repression were shown to be essential for derepression of respiration in an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (KD115). Cells derepressed in the presence of oleic acid contained three to six times as much cytochrome per cell as those derepressed in the absence of unsaturated fatty acid or those derepressed with eicosaenoic acid. The delta9 isomer was the most efficient of the cis-octadecenoic acid isomers in supporting that increase, and eicosaenoic acid supported an increase at only 15% the rate observed with oleic acid. Derepression, even in the presence of oleic acid, proceeded only after a lag of 3 hours. When glucose was removed prior to the addition of oleate, the lag was reduced by the time of the preincubation with glycerol. This result suggests that some processes necessary for increased respiration can proceed in the absence of an added unsaturated fatty acid, but these processes apparently require certain levels of unsaturated acids in the pre-existing lipids, since they occurred in cells whose membranes contained 50 mol % oleate, but not in cells containing only 20 mol %. These processes leading to eventual increased respiration were inhibited by cycloheximide but not chloramphenicol, suggesting that protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes but not mitochondrial ribosomes were required. Derepression in the absence of oleate for 3 hours lessened the inhibition or respiration induction by ethidium bromide. This result indicates that the transcription of mitochondrial DNA necessary for the induction of respiration may have occurred in the absence of added unsaturated fatty acid, but that some subsequent event required added esterified unsaturated fatty acid. PMID- 1104619 TI - Interaction of tetraiodofluorescein with aspartate transcarbamylase and its isolated catalytic and regulatory subunits. AB - The interaction of the dye tetraiodofluorescein with native aspartate transcarbamylase and its isolated subunits has been investigated by both binding and activity measurements at 4 and 23 degrees. At room temperature low concentrations of tetraiodofluorescein activate the native enzyme, but high concentrations inhibit the enzyme's activity. At the low temperature the native enzyme is inhibited by all concentrations of dye. Isolated catalytic subunit is very effectively inhibited at both temperatures. For the native enzyme these results are explained by 18 tetraiodofluorescein sites of approximately equal affinity (K = 7.3 X 10(-5) M) on each enzyme hexamer: one class of six sites at the nucleoside triphosphate effector binding sites is responsible for the activation, a second class which competes with the substrate carbamylphosphate causes the inhibition, and a third class does not interact with either the effectors or the substrates. Measurements of tetraiodofluorescein binding to isolated regulatory, catalytic, and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate-inactivated catalytic subunits support the above assignments. This scheme of tetraiodofluorescein binding sites successfully predicts the changes in the tetraiodofluorescein-aspartate transcarbamylase difference spectrum induced by the addition of various ligands. The activity changes induced by the dye are explained if the binding of a single tetraiodofluorescein molecule to one of the six regulatory sites activates all six of the catalytic sites, while while a dye molecule binding to any one of the catalytic sites inactivates only that catalytic site. PMID- 1104620 TI - Transport of purines and deoxyadenosine in Escherichia coli. AB - The characteristics of adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uracil uptake in Escherichia coli B show that each base is transported by a specific system. The data support the concept that the transport of guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uracil function without direct involvement of the respective purine or pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase enzymes. Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase is not demonstrable in E. coli B, and large differences are observed in the inhibitory effects of heterologous purines on the uptake of guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine as compared to the corresponding inhibitory effects reported for the soluble purine phosphoribosyltransferase enzymes of E. coli B. Additional evidence is provided by the low Km values determined for the transport of adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine relative to the corresponding Km values for the phosphoribosyltransferase enzymes. Data are presented indicating that adenine may be transported without participation of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. The stimulatory effect of glucose, the inhibitory effect of KCN, and the high intracellular to extracellular concentration gradients of the bases produced in the presence of glucose provide evidence that the transport processes are energy-dependent. The Km values for transport of the purines and uracil range from 10(-7) M to 5 X 10(-7) M. Characteristics of adenine and uracil uptake are similar in E. coli B, E. coli K-12, and a showdomycin-resistant mutant of E. coli B. Adenosine and deoxyadenosine are transported in E. coli B by independent transport systems. Adenine or hypoxanthine does not share the adenosine or deoxyadenosine transport systems as evidence by the mutual lack of competition of free bases and nucleosides on transport. The transport systems for deoxyadenosine and adenosine are defective in the mutant. PMID- 1104621 TI - Sequence variability and structure of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The amino acid sequences of pig muscle and of yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are compared with the three-dimensional structure of the lobster muscle enzyme. Residues in sheet and helical regions, on the exterior and interior, in subunit and domain interfaces, as well as residues in the active site have been examined for evolutionary conservation. The residues in the first (NAD binding) domain (1-147) are less conserved than residues in the second (catalytic) domain (148-334) probably because there are fewer internal residues and fewer residues involved in interactions between subunits. Residues in subunit interface are conserved to a significantly greater extent than others, and those involved in catalysis are conserved most of all. Patterns of residues in helices and sheets follow those found for other proteins. PMID- 1104622 TI - Cross-linking studies on the 50 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli with methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate. AB - The 50 S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli were incubated with methyl 4 mercaptobutyrimidate and the formation of intermolecular protein:protein disulfide bonds was promoted by oxidation. Cross-linked proteins were analyzed by diagonal polyacrylamide/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Three pairs of cross-linked proteins were identified: L2-L7,L12; L5-L7,L12; and L17-L32. The significance of the results in relation to the location of sites for factor binding, peptidyltransferase, and GTP hydrolysis is discussed. PMID- 1104623 TI - Regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis at the polyribosomal level. AB - Polysomes consisting of two to eight monosomes were isolated from yeast mitochondria by lysing the mitochondria with Triton X-100 and centrifugation in a 20 to 40% linear sucrose gradient. When yeast spheroplasts were pulse-labeled with [3H]-Leucine in the presence of cycloheximide to block cytoplasmic protein synthesis, radioactivity which was trichloroacetic acid-precipitable was present mainly in the polysome region. Incorporation of leucine was blocked by erythromycin, a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Release of radioactivity to the top of the gradient resulted from treating labeled polysomes with either puromycin or ribonuclease (in the latter case with the breakdown of polysomes), indicating that the radioactivity was present in nascent polypeptide chains. Yeast cells were grown in chloramphenicol for 3 hours and in fresh medium for 1 hour and then pulse-labeled with either [3H]leucine or [14C]formate. Three parameters showed a 2-fold increase in cells grown in chloramphenicol prior to pulse labeling: the polysome to monosome ratio, the amount of labeled precursor incorporated into proteins, and the rate of polypeptide chain initiation as judged by the formation of fMet-puromycin. Conversely, these parameters were all decreased approximately 50% in cells treated with cycloheximide prior to pulse labeling. Mitochondria were also isolated from cells previously grown in chloramphenicol or cycloheximide and incubated in vitro with [3H]leucine under optimal conditions. Acid-precipitable radioactivity in the polysome region was increased 3-fold in mitochondria from cells grown previously in chloramphenicol and decreased 75% in those grown in cycloheximide. Furthermore, chain initiation was deomonstrated in the isolated mitochondria by formation of fMet-puromycin. The rate of chain initiation in vitro was increased 2-fold in mitochondria isolated from chloramphenicol-treated cells. PMID- 1104624 TI - A revised preparation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) pyruvate kinase. AB - A revised preparation of pyruvate kinase from saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported. By purifying this cold-labile enzyme at room temperature, an improved recovery and specific activity was obtained. More than 350 mg of pure enzyme with a specific activity of 350 to 400 units/mg at 30 degrees were obtained from a pound of fresh yeast. The last step of the preparation, passage of the enzyme over Sephadex G-100, was required to remove a contaminating protease. The molecular parameters of the new preparation are: molecular weight, 209,000; four subunits of identical size; E 280 nm, 0.51; pI 6.6; and pH optimum, 6.28. Kinetic parameters are: Km for P-enolpyruvate and ADP, 0.09 and 0.18 mM in the presence of saturating Fru-1,6-P2, and 1.8 and 0.34 mM in the absence of Fru-1,6-P2; Ka for Fru-1,6-P2, 0.014 mM. No free NH2-terminal amino acid could be detected. Amino acid composition was determined and compared with other pyruvate kinase preparations. PMID- 1104625 TI - Specific binding of Excherichia coli chain Initiation factor 2 to fMet-tRnafMet. AB - A stable Escherichia coli IF-2-fMet-tRNAfMet complex is formed upon incubation of IF-2 (prokaryotic initiation factor) with fMet-tRNAfMet is the presence of 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0, 100 mM NH4Cl, and 7 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. The complex thus formed is retained on a Millipore filter and is assayed accordingly. Complex formation does dot require GTP, is unstable in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+, and is specific for fMet-tRNAfMet. Other amino acyl-tRNAs or deacylated tRNAs do not form such a complex with IF-2. A crude ribosomal high salt wash preparation contains other protein factors which bind unspecifically to RNAs under the above binding conditions. One of these factors elute similarly to IF-1 on DEAE cellulose chromatography. Extensively purified IF-1 and IF-3 show weak and unspecific RNA-binding activities. The RNA-protein complex formed in each of the above cases, like the IF-2-fMet-tRNAfMet complex, is retained on Millipore filter and is sensitive to Mg2+. PMID- 1104626 TI - Studies on arginyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli B. Dual role of metals in enzyme catalysis. AB - Studies carried out in arginyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli indicate that metals may have two functional roles in the catalytic mechanism. Complete metal activation is observed when MgCl2, MnCl2, CoCl2, or FeCl2 is present at a concentration (5.0 mM) in excess of the total ATP concentration (2.0 mM). When CaCl2 is substituted for MgCl2, activity is not observed unless a small amount (0.1 mM) of MgCl2, MnCl2, CoCl2, FeCl2, or ZnCl2 (unable to produce activity alone at 5.0 mM) is added. A model, based on kinetic data, is proposed in which the enzyme possesses a site for free metal, which, when filled, lowers the Km for all three substrates (arginine, tRNAArg, and metal-ATP) and increases the Vmax of the reaction. PMID- 1104627 TI - A simple procedure for photomacrography of stained histological sections. PMID- 1104628 TI - Serratia arthritis in heroin users. AB - Septic arthritis due to Serratia species was seen in four users of intravenous heroin. In all cases, the organism was cultured from joint aspirates. Both the clinical presentation and the involvement of the sacro-iliac and knee joints were notably similar to the Pseudomonas septic arthritis encountered in other heroin users. All four patients responded satisfactorily to therapy although one had a residual flexion contracture of the knee. Twelve previously reported cases of Serratia arthritis are reviewed. PMID- 1104629 TI - The management of infants with scoliosis. AB - This is a study of children who first attended as infants with either progressive infantile idiopathic scoliosis or congenital scoliosis. All had a pattern of scoliosis in which early and damaging deterioration is inevitable. The infants were treated from before the age of three, initially by plaster casts and then a Milwaukee brace, followed at about the age of ten by correction and fusion. The cases were then observed to the end of growth or near that point. In the main study there were twelve cases, six of progressive infantile idiopathic scoliosis and six of congenital scoliosis, which were followed through this long period. Only one of the twelve had a curve worse at the end of growth compared with the initial radiograph as an infant; this one curve had increased only 16 degrees in almost as many years. Although small, the series does show that it is nearly always possible to control even the most serious scoliosis in an infant, if it is tackled early and unremittingly. There are supportive studies of children who have partially completed this regime, and interim results in a newer group of children with spina bifida and scoliosis. PMID- 1104630 TI - Observations concerning fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. AB - From an anatomical study and clinical review of fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children, the following conclusions are drawn. The mechanism of injury is a violent varus force with the elbow in extension, the condyle being avulsed by the lateral ligament and the extensor muscles. If the fracture is incomplete, with an intact hinge of pre-osseous cartilage medially, the fragment will not be displaced. If the fracture is complete the fragment may be displaced, and open reduction with internal fixation is mandatory. The results of open reduction more than three weeks after the fracture are no better than those of no treatment at all, and may kill the lateral condylar fragment by damaging its blood supply. The major problem of a neglected fracture is tardy ulnar nerve palsy; to avoid this, immediate anterior transposition of the nerve is recommended, operation for the fracture itself being of no benefit. PMID- 1104631 TI - The anatomy of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints, with observations of the aetiology of ulnar drift. AB - One hundred normal fingers were dissected and arthrographs obtained by injection of chromopaque-gelatin mixture, allowing comparison between the radiographic and macroscopic configuration of the synovial capsule. Synovial recesses protruding from each side of every metacarpo-phalangeal joint were found in relation to the collateral ligaments and corresponding exactly with the site of radiological erosions. A group of bursae lying on the superficial aspect of collateral ligaments were also demonstrated. A rudimentary intra-articular meniscus was found. The results of examination of the insertions of the interossei showed differences from traditional descriptions. The cause of rheumatoid deformity was suggested to be the rheumatoid process arising in the lateral recesses and lateral bursae, weakening the collateral ligaments, which give way in the directions of the deforming forces. These are derived from the long flexor tendons, which were shown to exert an ulnar and volar strain on the metacarpo phalangeal joint of every finger during grip. PMID- 1104632 TI - The neurovascular island flap for defective sensibility of the thumb. AB - In six patients with defective sensibility of the thumb the transfer of a neurovascular island flap was performed according to Littler's technique. This review one to eleven years later was mainly to determine if reorientation of the cortical representation of stimuli had developed and if tactile gnosis had persisted. The pick-up test was carried through by the three patients with a lesion of the dominant hand. All six patients referred pin-prick in the flap to the donor finger; all had absent two-point discrimination corresponding to the flap, although it had been present within normal limits a few months after operation; and all had better touch, pain and temperature sensibility in the flap than in the surrounding recipient area. All six reported functional improvement. For the best results an intelligent patient is required who has a lesion of the dominant hand and is prepared to use or exercise it regularly. PMID- 1104633 TI - In memoriam. Allan Frederick Dwyer 1920-1975. PMID- 1104634 TI - Congenital fistulae of the coronary arteries. Clinical considerations and surgical management in 23 patients. AB - Experience gained during the past 18 years at the Texas Heart Institute in the surgical treatment of 23 patients with coronary artery fistulae is reported. Patients ranged in age from three to 63 years; 18 were women. The right coronary artery was most frequently involved (14 patients) and in 18 patients the fistulous communication was terminal. Cardiac catheterization and angiography were aids in determining the exact diagnosis in all but two patients. During the last three years cardiopulmonary bypass was used in five of eight patients, and it is believed that extracorporeal circulation should be employed routinely. Terminal fistulae were ligated with sutures distally, close to the cardiac chamber. Lateral fistulae, when single, can be closed if feasible by tangential arteriorrhaphy. However, in most of these patients multiple communications and aneurysmal dilatation are encountered which would be treated more successfully by proximal and distal ligation of the fistula and distal coronary bypass revascularization. There were no operative deaths in our series. It is believed that with the help of today's advanced methods in anesthesia, extracorporeal circulation and coronary artery bypass surgery, all patients with coronary artery fistulae, once diagnosis has been made, should undergo surgical treatment. PMID- 1104635 TI - Foreign body in the right pulmonary artery: An unusual complication of Pudenz shunt. PMID- 1104636 TI - Fractures of the clavicle and injuries of the sub-clavian artery. Report of 10 cases. AB - During four years, the authors have observed ten lesions of the sub-clavian artery associated with a fracture of the clavicle. The clinical picture in one case out of two was that of an acute ischemia of the upper limb. The surgical repair has been performed in 8 cases. The thoracic approach was necessary three times. The clavicle was resected in most cases. The prognosis of these lesions depends on the rapidity of their recognition, and of their treatment, and on the fact whether the brachial plexus is involved or not PMID- 1104637 TI - An assessment of value of long posterior flaps in below knee amputation by skin blood pressure. AB - The pretibial and calf skin blood pressure was measured in 34 legs, of which 20 suffered from ilio-femoral arterial stenosis and 14 from popliteal arterial stenosis. The constantly higher calf than pretibial pressure in both groups of patients studied strengthens the place of the long posterior flaps in below knee amputation. PMID- 1104639 TI - Physicochemical properties of kinetoplast DNA from Crithidia acanthocephali. Crithidia luciliae, and Trypanosoma lewisi. AB - The protozoa Crithidia and Trypanosoma contain within a mitochondrion a mass of DNA known as kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) which consists mainly of an association of thousands of small circular molecules of similar size held together by topological interlocking. Using kDNA from Crithidia acanthocephali, Crithidia luciliae, and Trypanosoma lewisi, physicochemical studies have been carried out with intact associations and with fractions of covalently closed single circular molecules, and of open single circular and unit length linear molecules obtained from kDNA associations by sonication, sucrose sedimentation, and cesium chloride ethidium bromide equilibrium centrifugation. Buoyant density analyses failed to provide evidence for base composition heterogeneity among kDNA molecules within a species. The complementary nucleotide strands of kDNA molecules of all three species had distinct buoyant densities in both alkaline and neutral cesium chloride. For C. acanthocephali kDNA, these buoyant density differences were shown to be a reflection of differences in base composition between the complementary nucleotide strands. The molar ratios of adenine: thymine:guanine:cytosine, obtained from deoxyribonucleotide analyses were 16.8:41.0:28.1:14.1 for the heavy strand and 41.6:16.6:12.8:29.0 for the light strand. Covalently closed single circular molecules of C. acanthocephali (as well as intact kDNA associations of C. acanthocephali and T. lewisi) formed a single band in alkaline cesium chloride gradients, indicating their component nucleotide strands to be alkaline insensitive. Data from buoyant density, base composition, and thermal melting analyses suggested that minor bases are either rare or absent in Crithidia kDNA. The kinetics of renaturation of 32P labeled C. acanthocephali kDNA measured using hydroxyapatite chromatography were consistent with at least 70% of the circular molecules of this DNA having the same nucleotide sequence. Evidence for sequence homologies among the kDNAs of all three species was obtained from buoyant density analyses of DNA in annealed mixtures containing one component kDNA strand from each of two species. PMID- 1104641 TI - A high-yield technique for preparing cells fixed in suspension for scanning electron microscopy. AB - Human leukocytes fixed in suspension were allowed to settle onto poly-L-lysine coated glass coverslips and prepared for observation with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The coverslips were dehydrated in ethanol, critical point dried with CO2, and coated with gold-palladium. With the aid of a locator grid, several fields were photographed with light microscopy after the cells had settled onto the poly-L-lysine-coated coverslips and again after completion of the processing before SEM observation. Quantitative comparison of the number of cells present after settling with the number retained for final viewing with the SEM revealed a cell yield approaching 100%. This simple, reproducible, high-yield technique for processing cells fixed in suspension for SEM prevents changes in surface architecture induced by collecting live cells onto various substrates before fixation and also avoids potentially selective cell losses. Such a technique should allow quantitative correlations between SEM and other morphological and functional parameters. PMID- 1104640 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid-envelope complexes from Escherichia coli. A complex specific protein and its possible function for the stability of the complex. AB - The different Escherichia coli envelope fractions (cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, and DNA-envelope complex fragments) were isolated by free-flow electrophoresis and analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The DNA-envelope complex fragments possess a specific protein (mol wt 80,000-90,000). Upon treatment with trypsin, this protein disappears and the complex breaks down, thus releasing DNA, cell wall, and cytoplasmic membrane. Disaggregation of the complex can also be achieved by high salt concentrations. Lysozyme treatment dissolves the murein layer within the complex but does not disaggregate the complex. From these and other results on the stability of the DNA-envelope complex, conclusions can be drawn about the possible linkage within the described envelope particles. PMID- 1104642 TI - Combined endodontic-orthodontic treatment of subgingivally fractured teeth. PMID- 1104643 TI - Principles of occlusion in periodontics and general dentistry. PMID- 1104644 TI - A screening method to detect clonal secretion of DNP-specific antibody. AB - Spontaneous variants of the IgA immunoglobulin secreting mouse myeloma, S194-2, were isolated by cloning the line on soft agar and screening for the loss of secreted S194 immunoglobulin. Because S194 IgA possesses DNP binding activity, the screening method was designed to test for clonal secretion of antibody which specifically precipitated DNP-ferritin conjugates. Precipitates formed over IgA secreting S194 clones, whereas none were evident over nonsecreting XCl clones nor IgG secreting MOPC 21 clones (MOPC 21 IgG does not bind DNP). In addition the method was sensitive to the amount of immunoglobulin secreted. By continual selection of exceptionally reactive clones with this assay, a S194 culture was obtained which secreted five to six times as much IgA as the original mass culture. Spontaneous variants were isolated from six independent subclones of this parent line with an overall frequency estimated at 2.7 X 10(-5) per cell per generation. Biochemical analysis of these variants showed that all of them secreted reduced or undetectable amounts of IgA. No variants were obtained which secreted IgA molecules altered at the DNP binding site, or which secreted immunoglobulin subunits alone. Variants of the latter class have, however, been obtained in high frequency in other myeloma strains by other investigators. PMID- 1104638 TI - Cell fusion and some subcellular properties of heterokaryons and hybrids. PMID- 1104645 TI - The formation of annulated lamellae induced by the disintegration of microtubules. AB - Investigations with different 'antitubulins' have shown that different cell types in culture response to prolonged treatment with the formation of annulated lamellae. These annulated lamellae are possibly derived from previously accumulated smooth endoplasmic profiles. A hypothetical explanation would be that annulated lamellae (and the nuclear membrane) are sites of tubulin synthesis or microtubular polymerization. Their appearance after induced microtubule disintegration could then be viewed upon as a reactive hyperproduction of such sites. PMID- 1104646 TI - The perturbation of the human erythrocyte membrane by phospholipase C. AB - A study has been made of freeze-fractured preparations of erythrocyte ghosts modified by phospholipase C (Clostridium welchii). Such membranes show a decrease in surface area of up to about 47% and lipid droplets appear on their external surface but there is no loss of protein. Freeze-fracture of maximally hydrolysed membranes exposes only very small areas of A faces and these appear particle free. Most of the membranes are simply cross-fractured. At lower levels of hydrolysis there is more extensive exposure of A fracture faces but the particle density is less than in control preparations. If such exposed faces were representative of the whole membrane then the particle density would have been expected to increase. It is suggested either that areas of membrane with increased particle density do not fracture or that the particles revealed by freeze-fracture involve phospholipid as well as protein and are not revealed in the absence of phospholipid. PMID- 1104647 TI - [Retroperitoneal hematomas]. PMID- 1104648 TI - [Digestive fistulization due to tuberculous adenopathies. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 1104649 TI - [Malignant cortico-surrenaloma of an accessory adrenal gland. 3 successive adrenalectomies in the same subject]. PMID- 1104650 TI - [Acute postoperative necrotizing enteritis. Apropos of one case after total hysterectomy with bilateral annexectomy]. AB - The authors report a case of acute necrotising enteritis occurring on the 7th day after total hysterectomy with bilateral removal of the adnexa for fibroids in a 45 year-old woman. This is the first case in the literature to occur after hysterectomy. The clinical picture included the onset of intestinal obstruction with severe general toxic manifestations. The diagnosis was made at operation and, in spite of intestinal resection, the patient died on the 6th day, with liver and renal failure, anuria and irreversible collapse. The blood and stool cultures were negative, but the histological appearance of the lesions, without any apparent suppuration, were in favour of a vascular etiology. Necrosis of the mucosa and inflammatory oedema of the sub-mucosa, were accompanied by vascular changes suggesting thrombosis and congestion. PMID- 1104651 TI - Chromatographic resolution of enantiomers selective review. AB - Recent research has produced a notable increase in knowledge useful for chromatographic enantiomer resolution. Some major advances have emerged in the understanding of asymmetric solute-solvent interactions, and many successful separations by gas and by liquid chromatography have been reported. This review presents a selective discussion of the major advances, with primary emphasis on the use of chiral stationary phases. The latter offer advantages (over indirect techniques) such as generally easier sample preparation, decreased analysis time, and simultaneous chemical as well as optical purity analysis. PMID- 1104652 TI - Behaviour of microbial cells on columns of some types of Sephadex gels. PMID- 1104653 TI - Purification of Escherichia coli B-specific p-aminobenzoate "pick-up" protein to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. AB - Of the satellite fractions of Escherichia coli B dihydrofolate synthetases, a non enzymic protein that is specifically able to bind p-aminobenzoate and sulphonamides has been purified 6000-fold by p-aminobenzoylcellulose affinity chromatography. The protein was named p-aminobenzoate "pick-up" protein according to its function, i.e., to bring p-aminobenzoate into reaction with L-glutamate and pteridine during dihydrofolate biosynthesis. About 4 mg of pure protein (0.532% recovery, calculated from the total p-aminobenzoate binding capacity of the unfractionated supernatant separated from the crude bacterium plasma) can be obtained from 500 g of harvested cells. The product is homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis both in the absence and presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, and has a molecular weight of 15,000 daltons +/- 5% as measured by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis and Sephadex G-75 gel column chromatography. p-Aminobenzoate and sulphonamide ligand binding studies showed a single binding site per p-aminobenzoate pick-up protein molecule. KD values for p aminobenzoate and some sulphonamides as well as for L-glutamate, L-gamma-glutamyl oligopeptides, some pteridines and folate antagonists are also presented in order to illustrate the specificity of the receptor protein. PMID- 1104654 TI - Assay of pharmaceuticals using quantitative thin-layer chromatography-elution techniques. PMID- 1104655 TI - Attenuated influenza A vaccine (Alice) in an adult population: vaccine-related illness, serum and nasal antibody production, and intrafamily transmission. AB - Ninety-five healthy adults, ages 18 to 56 years, received two intranasal doses, 2 weeks apart, of a live, attenuated, influenza type A (H3N2) vaccine (an inhibitor resistant recombinant strain of A/England/42/72 named "Alice"). Ninety-two persons were given placebos similarly. Ninety-three percent of 68 subjects with initial serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers of greater than or equal to 1:40 to influenza A (H3N2) had a fourfold or greater antibody increase in postvaccination sera. Forty-four percent of 27 subjects with an initial HI titer of greater than or equal to 1:80 had similar increases. Overall, 77% of vaccinees had fourfold or greater antibody titer increases. Vaccinees had geometric mean serum HI titers (GMT) of 1:26, 1:123, and 1:166 at 0, 14, and 30 days, respectively. The GMTs for placebos were 1:21, 1:22, and 1:21. Thirty-five vaccinees were examined for both serum and nasal antibody; 89% had significant increases in one or both. Nasal antibody response was directly related to the level of initial serum HI titer in that 83% of 12 persons with prevaccination HI titers of 1:80 greater than or equal to 1:80 showed significant nasal antibody rises, whereas only 61% of the remaining 23 subjects with prevaccination HI titers of less than or equal to 1:40 did so. The number and severity of clinical signs and symptoms reported by vaccinees and placebos did not differ significantly. The greatest differences noted between groups were for nasal congestion on days 0 to 6 (8.3%) and rhinitis on days 14 to 20 (5.9%). Four vaccinees shed Alice after primary vaccination, but viral titers were low (10 to 100 tissue culture-infective doses/ml). One member in each of 15 cohabiting male female couples received Alice while the other received a placebo; one of the placebo members had significant increases in serum and nasal antibody, indicating a possible transmission. PMID- 1104656 TI - Anaerobic specimen transport device. AB - A device is described and evaluated for the anaerobic transport of clinical specimens. The device limits the amount of oxygen entering with the sample to a maximum of 2%, which is rapidly removed by reacting with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The viability on swabs of 12 species of anaerobes, four strains of facultative anaerobes and a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was maintained during the length of the tests (24 or 48 h). The results demonstrated that this device protected even the more oxygen-sensitive clinical anaerobes from death due to oxygen exposure. This device can be used for swabs as well as for anaerobic collection and liquid and solid specimens. PMID- 1104657 TI - Selective medium for growth of Proteus. AB - A medium containing heart infusion agar supplemented with bile salts, lithium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, and sodium citrate was developed for the selective growth of Proteus. PMID- 1104658 TI - Modified fluorescent antibody technique to detect immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in congenital infection. AB - Using a modified fluorescent antibody technique immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were studied in infants' sera. The modified technique involved prolonged incubation of patients' sera with antigen at 4 C. PMID- 1104659 TI - Is aromatization of testosterone to estradiol required for inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion in men? AB - A variety of studies in man and animals demonstrate that testosterone (T) is aromatized to estradiol (E) in the hypothalamus and limbic system. These observations suggested the possibility that conversion to E is an absolute requirement for the biologic activity of T on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Since this hypothesis implies a common mechanism of action of these two steroids, the demonstration of divergent effects of T and E on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion would exclude this possibility. To test this hypothesis, the actions of T and E on three separate aspects of LH release (mean LH, pulsatile LH secretion, and responsiveness to LH-releasing hormone [LH-RH]) were contrasted. T and E, infused at two times their respective production rates into normal men, reduced mean LH levels similarly during 6 h of steroid infusion and for 6 h thereafter. However, these steroids exerted different effects on pulsatile secretion. E reduced the amplitude of spontaneous LH pulse from pre- and postinfusion control levels of 75+/-14 and 68+/-5.6% (SEM) to 39+/-5.7%. In contrast, T increased pulse amplited to 96+/-14% and decreased pulse frequency from basal levels of 3.4+/-0.31 to 1.8+/-0.31 pulses/6h. The site of suppressive action was determined by administering 25 microgms of LH-RH to the same men during T and E infusions and during three additional control periods without steroid administration. LH-RH produced similar 170-190% increments in serum LH during the three control periods and during T infusion. In contrast, E markedly blunted (76+/-31%, p less than 0.005) the LH response to LH-RH. Under the conditions of acute steroid infusion at doses (utilized in these experiments) producing similar inhibition of mean LH, E but not T acted directly on the pituitary to diminish LH-RH responsiveness. As further support that androgens can act without conversion to estrogens, the effects of a nonaromatizable androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), on mean LH levels were studied. DHT, infused at the same rate as T, suppressed mean LH to a similar but somewhat greater extent than T. Since T and E produced divergent effects on LH secretion and a nonaromatizable androgen, DHT, suppressed mean LH, aromatization is not a necessary prerequisite for the action of androgens on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. PMID- 1104661 TI - A state-trait analysis of alpha density and personality variables in a normal population. AB - In Study I eyes-open and eyes-closed percentage time resting alpha in normal young male adults was correlated positively with psychological test scores that reflected greater energy, feelings of confidence and control, and lesser social inhibition. Study II was consistent with Study I in that alpha density was related inversely to a projective measure of maladustment as well as measures of state and trait anxiety. The effects of visual stimulation on the size of the relationship between alpha and psychological trait measures suggested that this is a highly unstable relationship likely to appear only when experimental arrangements maximize the congruency betweey psychological states and traits. Finally, it was suggested that the application of a state-trait rationale to alpha phenomenon might be useful to organize the relationship between physiological and psychological variables and could serve as a starting point for conceptualizing the potential effects of biofeed-back applications. PMID- 1104660 TI - Mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance. The role of the spleen. AB - Splenectomy markedly impaired the production of circulating anti-endotoxin antibodies during the initial 10 days after .v. administration of a Boivin preparation of Escherichia coli endotoxin (ET) in both rabbit and man. Increase in antibodies with secondary (flocculating and bactericidal) activities were virtually abolished, whereas increases in antibodies with primary (binding) activity were significantly reduced. On the basis of these findings, splenectomized rabbit and man were employed to test the hypothesis that the early phase (less than 72 h) of pyrogenic tolerance to endotoxin is independent of anti endotoxin antibody but that such antibody contributes significantly to the later phase (less than or equal to 72 h) of tolerance. In the splenectomized rabbit, the initial pyrogenic reponses to ET and the subsequent tolerant responses at 24 and 48 h were comparable to sham-operated controls... PMID- 1104662 TI - Automated MMPI interpretation based on a modification of Gilberstadt's codebook. AB - Several limitations to commercially available automated MMPI reports prompted the psychology staff at Topeka VA Hospital to develop its own automated interpretive system. The computer programs of the system require further modification, and local validity studies of the automated interpretations are needed. However, it is hoped that this project will encourage others to consider the development of a local automated interpretive system as an alternative to commercial interpretive services. PMID- 1104663 TI - A comparison of classification rates of the original and revised Marks and Seeman rules. AB - The Marks and Seeman rules for profile classification were compared with revised rules. The rate of classification on a large sample of psychiatric profiles was 16.88% for the original rules and 49.72% with the revised rules. The revised rules will make the codebook applicable to more cases. PMID- 1104664 TI - Evaluation of a content-analysis system for therapeutic interviews. AB - The Zimmer and Cowles system for content analysis was tried out on psychotherapeutic sessions and on interviews with disturbed patients. It was found that the system indeed did seem to pick up improvement in psychotherapy, and to a lesser degree, differences in speech behavior between patients with radically differing pathologies. It also was concluded that the computer program for the content analysis system is not easily portable, but a SNOBOL equivalent is made available. PMID- 1104665 TI - Clinical and sign prediction: the draw-a-person and female homosexuality. AB - The validity of predicting female homosexuality from empirical signs from the Draw-A-Person (DAP) was compared to the validity of psychologists' "blind" predictions from the same DAP protocols. Four specific DAP signs significantly predicted homosexual drawings from those of heterosexual controls; patterns derived from these signs were even better predictors. Two of four clinicians predicted sexual orientation greater than chance; one predicted as well as the optimal sign pattern. In view of the expected shrinkage involved in cross validating the empirical signs and patterns, clinical prediction probably would equal or surpass the accuracy of statistical prediction. Individual differences in clinical prediction and the process of clinical prediction were discussed. PMID- 1104666 TI - Pharmacological response data for comparative bioavailability studies of chlorpromazine oral dosage forms in humans: I. Pupilometry. AB - Owing to the insensitivity of even the presently best chemical or radiological assay procedures, it is not feasible to perform comparative bioavailability studies of chlorpromazine oral drug products using blood or urine sampling; this is particularly the case for oral doses below 100-150 mg/70 kg. In contrast, the use of temporal miotic response data, which correlates with blood levels of unchanged drug, permits dose-response vs time profiles to be recorded with oral dose levels as low as 5-10 mg/70 kg. The monitoring of pupilometric data in up to 16 human volunteers demonstrated a sensitivity to both extents and rates of chlorpromazine bioavailability and revealed differences to exist between liquid and solid oral dosage forms of chlorpromazine. PMID- 1104667 TI - Guanethidine in antihypertensive therapy: experience with an oral loading regimen. AB - Guanethidine sulfate, a potent antihypertensive agent with a prolonged duration of action, was given in large oral doses to eight hypertensive patients in a loading technique. Blood pressure control resulted within one to three days without side effects, with total loading doses varying from 125 to 650 mg. Based on the drug's pharmacokinetic properties, a maintenance dose required to sustain the desired antihypertensive effects was calculated from the loading dose for each individual. Blood pressure was satisfactorily controlled in the seven patients followed for at least 12 months, and no modification of the calculated guanethidine dose was required. Side effects were minimal and well tolerated. The ease of initial blood pressure regulation with this regimen and the precision with which a maintenance dose can be determined suggest that guanethidine deserves a more prominent role in the therapy of established hypertension. PMID- 1104668 TI - Comparative efficacy of halcinonide and fluocinonide creams in psoriasis and eszematous dermatoses. AB - The clinical efficacy of halcinonide and fluocinonide creams was compared in the treatment of 392 patients with corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, including psoriasis, and various eczematous dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, eczematous dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. The severity of the condition treated was moderate or severe in most of the patients. Usually, the creams were applied three times daily for two to three weeks. In psoriasis, halcinonide was superior to fluocinonide (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between halcinonide and fluocinonide in the treatment of the eczematous dermatoses. Both creams were well tolerated, each being associated with local side effects (such as burning sensation, dryness, erythema, and pruritus) in 4.9 per cent of patients. PMID- 1104669 TI - Formation of cockroach interganglionic connectives: an in vitro analysis. AB - Individual ganglia of the cockroach embryo (Periplaneta americana) were explanted on clean glass coverslips immersed in a chemically defined liquid medium and incubated for periods up to eight weeks. Substantial, straight interganglionic connections were formed between: (1) rows of ganglia arranged in the normal in vivo configuration; (2) rows of ganglia placed in abnormal orders; (3) rows of ganglia which never form connections in vivo because they occur singly in the embryo; and (4) rows of ganglia in natural sequences but which have had their rostro-caudal axes rotated 90 degrees in relation to the line of the row. Therefore fascicles and interganglionic connectives were formed without regard to normal in vivo relationships. Daily observations with a Nomarski microscope indicated that several processes are involved in connective formation. (1) Initial outgrowth is in a random, radial pattern. (2) Intersecting fibers from adjacent ganglia are deflected toward each others' perikarya. (3) Initially bowed fiber connectives are straightened, perhaps by increases in fiber tension or by fiber shortening which may be brought about by neuronal or extraneuronal (glial) processes. (4) Outgrowing fibers follow already established fiber pathways. The present results indicate that fiber-fiber and fiber-target interactions play a significant role in the formation of interganglionic connectives. In this system, the spatial relationships between ganglia determine the patterns and varieties of permissible neuronal connections. Thus, major, straight nerve trunks may be formed between adjacent ganglia which are growing out fibers on a glass surface submerged in a liquid medium which offers minimal orientation cues and provides a growth substrate vastly different and simpler than that encountered by outgrowing fibers in vivo. PMID- 1104670 TI - Electromyograph feedback as a relaxation technique. PMID- 1104671 TI - Differential effectiveness of electromyograph feedback, verbal relaxation instructions, and medication placebo with tension headaches. PMID- 1104672 TI - Neil Livingstone Ward, LDS, DDS. 1914-1975. PMID- 1104673 TI - An evaluation of bruxism control: massed negative practice and automated relaxation training. AB - Behavior modification techniques of massed negative practice and relaxation training were applied to separate groups of individuals who had been diagnosed as "bruxers" by multiple criteria. When assessed by an objective index of grinding, neither technique was found to have reduced bruxism significantly. Grinding and state of anxiety scores of bruxers were significantly higher than those of nonbruxing controls. Bruxers did not differ from nonbruxers on trait anxiety measures. PMID- 1104674 TI - Localization of rate-limiting barrier to penetration of endotoxin through nonkeratinized oral mucosa in vitro. AB - The penetration of tritiated bacterial endotoxin through nonkeratinized oral mucosal epithelium was studied using an in vitro model system and radioautographic tracer techniques. The basement membrane region of the epithelium was the rate-limiting barrier to penetration, and this barrier effect was independent of the direction and duration of penetration as well as any clearance effects of the vasculature. PMID- 1104675 TI - Effect of prior acid etch on rate of Sn3F3PO4 formation subsequent to topical application of SnF2. AB - The effect of prior acid etch on the rate of Sn3F3PO4 formation subsequent to in vitro SnF2 interaction with human dental mineral has been investigated using light microscopy, surface replicas, and internal reflection spectroscopy. Results showed that Sn3F3PO4 forms more rapidly on etched surfaces as compared with nonetched controls. The observed accelerated rate was attributed to increased reaction surface provided by prior acid etch plus a rougher surface conducive to crystal nidus formation. PMID- 1104676 TI - SEM investigation of the variability of enamel surfaces after simulated clinical acid etching for pit and fissure sealants. AB - Etching preferentially occurs on cuspal inclines and on premolars vs molars. After longer times, etching occurs near the pits and fissures. Enamel rods etch at cores and prism borders simultaneously in the same area. Longer etching times produce more enamel surface relief, permitting better sealant adaption to the enamel. PMID- 1104677 TI - Effect of xylitol on the growth of three oral strains of Candida albicans. PMID- 1104678 TI - An interrogative study of pattern of urticaria in children. PMID- 1104679 TI - Evaluation of skin patch tests using sump method. PMID- 1104680 TI - Perioral dermatitis. PMID- 1104681 TI - An epidemiological, clinical, and mycological study of human ringworm due to Trichophyton verrucosum in Japan. PMID- 1104682 TI - Immunocytological localization of lysozyme in human skin. PMID- 1104683 TI - On infantile papular acrodermatitis (Gianotti disease) and infantile papular similvesicular acrodermatitis (Gianotti syndrome). PMID- 1104684 TI - Letter: Topical vitamin A acid. PMID- 1104685 TI - Herpes simplex: from vesicles to cancer. PMID- 1104686 TI - Hidroacanthoma simplex: an ultrastructural study and comparison with eccrine poroma. PMID- 1104687 TI - Six cases of erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 1104688 TI - Electron microscopic study of porphyrias. PMID- 1104689 TI - Presence of anti-cytoplasmic antibodies in a case of incontinentia pigmenti. PMID- 1104690 TI - Increased level of acidic nuclear proteins in human lymphocytes activated by phytohemagglutinin. PMID- 1104691 TI - Noise and children: a review of literature. PMID- 1104692 TI - Citation to Franklin S. Cooper. PMID- 1104693 TI - Forerunners of pesticides in classical Greece and Rome. PMID- 1104694 TI - Editorial: Charlie Hebert: straight shooter and strong leader. PMID- 1104695 TI - The Fayette C. Williams family -- dentistry and civic dedication. PMID- 1104696 TI - Eikenella corrodens: a clinical problem. AB - E corrodens occurs as a significant clinical infection more frequently than suspected or cultured at the present time. It is essential that the dentist or physician work closely with the laboratory clinician in order to use proper techniques for its isolation. Inconsistencies between in vitro disk sensitivity and clinical drug response are noted. Because of clinical response, the clinician must carefully follow the patient's daily progress to recognize antibiotic treatment failure so that combination therapy or appropriate incision and drainage procedures may be initiated. PMID- 1104697 TI - Nutrition research and education in the Age of Franklin. A Bicentennial study. AB - Two hundred years ago, the United States was just emerging as a new nation. Chemistry and biology, on which the science of nutrition is based, were also just beginning or in their infancy. Dietetics and nutrition education, being applied sciences, were concerned then--as they are now--with the solution of practical problems of everyday living. Dietetics was an important part of medical practice in colonial days. Much of the teaching then about the value of diet in health and disease was provided by pithy statements, based on empiricism backed by authority, by which the science of medicine was taught to students, and by which health instruction was offered to the public. The experimental method of studying "Nature," promulgated by Francis Bacon, was just beginning to be employed in studies of nutrition. Delay in accepting experimental results, such as Lind's demonstration of the value of citrus fruits in the treatment of scurvy, may be attributed in part to a lack of understanding of the experimental method. In part, it may have been due to the absence of animal experimental methods that are capable of providing clear-cut and convincing evidence. Three of the greatest experimental scientists of the eighteenth century--Lavoisier, Count Rumford, and Benjamin Franklin--busied themselves with matters of concern to dietitians and home economists. Their work and that of others provided a firm foundation for the advances in scientific knowledge during the last two hundred years. PMID- 1104698 TI - "Dietan"--a computer-assisted program on anatomy and nutrition. PMID- 1104699 TI - Effect of age on intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. AB - Twenty-seven normal volunteers whose ages ranged from 22 to 67 (mean, 37 years) were given intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT). Age was not correlated with the glucose disposal rate constant (KG), incremental insulin secretion (deltaI), or the "insulinogenic index (deltaI/DELATG). The volunteers were divided into three age groups: 1) mean age 25 years, 2) mean age 42 years, and 3) mean age 62 years. Groups 2 and 3 did not differ from Group 1 with respect to the mean level of fasting plasma glucose, KG, or deltaI/AG. Group 2 (but not Group 3) had a greater mean deltaI than Group 1, and Group 3 (but not Group 2) had a higher mean fasting insulin concentration than Group 1. No significant deterioration was detected in the intravenous glucose tolerance of healthy volunteers up to age 67. This may be attributable to the previously described feed-back system that calibrates the pancreatic beta-cell response according to the insulin sensitivity of the peripheral tissues. PMID- 1104700 TI - White adhesive tape as a dressing material: a preliminary report. PMID- 1104701 TI - The development of paternal identity: a critical review of the literature on nurturance and generativity in boys and men. PMID- 1104702 TI - The interpretations of the past: childhood trauma, psychical reality, and historical truth. PMID- 1104703 TI - The immunopathology of the aging rat kidney. AB - Immunofluorescence studies of rat kidneys from 3-24 mo. of age demonstrated deposition of immunoglobulins, predominately IgM, within the glomerular mesangium by age 3 mo. Immunoglobulins eluted in acid buffer, did not fix complement, were not associated with inflammatory changes, and increased markedly with the onset of proteinuria at about 12 mo. Rats 24 mo. old also had mesangial deposits of IgG and fibrin. No basement membrane deposits were seen, and autoantibodies to antigens in normal kidney, liver, spleen, and skeletal muscle were not demonstrable in serum or eluates of kidneys from aged animals. The focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis which develops in aged rats does not appear to be mediated by glomerular deposition of auto-antibody or immune complexes. Mesangial accumulation of macro-molecular material, perhaps as a consequency of the age associated increase in glomerular permeability, may contribute to the development of the glomerular sclerosis of aging in the rat by impairing mesangial phagocytic or clearing mechanisms rather than through immunologically mediated tissue injury. PMID- 1104704 TI - The effects of aging on communication. AB - Age can be estimated fairly accurately by listening to the voice and speech of the individual. The critical processes of communication--respiration, phonation, articulation, language, and hearing--are described in terms of the anticipated biological tissue changes of aging and the effect of these changes on the speaking process. With the exception of the common finding of hearing loss in old age, the processes of communication do not seem to be seriously affected by "normal" aging. Complicating factors and diagnostic and remedial implications are discussed. PMID- 1104705 TI - Arnold Lazarow: 1916-1975. PMID- 1104706 TI - A tribute to Arnold M. Seligman. PMID- 1104707 TI - Formaldehyde-hydrochloric acid treatment. A fluorescence histochemical method for the demonstration of tryptophan residues in peptides and proteins. AB - Treatment with formaldehyde gas and HCl vapor, simultaneously or in sequence, induces fluorescence with indoles, including tryptophan residues of peptides, as is evident from studies on protein droplet models. Among cells that display intense formaldehyde-HCl-induced fluorescence are pancreatic exocrine cells, gastric chief cells, Paneth cells and enterochromaffin cells. Peptide hormone producing cells that can be visualized by the formaldehyde-HCl treatment include gastrin cells and glucagon cells. The simultaneous procedure has proved superior to the sequential procedure. Simultaneous formaldehyde-HCl treatment appears to be a useful method for the demonstration of tryptophan residues of peptides and proteins. It seems more sensitive than previously described indole methods. PMID- 1104708 TI - Tissue distribution of lysozyme in man. AB - The distribution of lysozyme (LZM) in normal human tissues was determined with the use of the immunoglobulin-enzyme (peroxidase) bridge method. LZM was detected in the following cells and tissues: secretory cells of the lacrimal gland, ductal epithelial cells of the parotid gland and the serous parts of the mixed sublingual glands, the esophageal submucosal glands, bronchial serous submucosal glands, gastric and pyloric glands, Brunner's glands of the duodenum, the Paneth cells of the small intestine, Kupffer cells of the liver and renal proximal tubular cells. In addition, LZM was also found in the mononuclear or polymorphonuclear cells of the placenta, lung, lamina propria of the small intestine, lymph nodes and spleen. This distribution of LZM is discussed in relation to its possible physiologic role in human tissues and particularly to its known antibacterial properties. PMID- 1104709 TI - Serologic evidence of the postoperative persistence of hydatid cysts in man. AB - The sensitivity of the haemagglutination, complement-fixation and indirect fluorescent antibody tests in the diagnosis of primary and recurrent hydatid disease is presented. In the first, diagnostic titres were obtained in 90% of 50 patients with hepatic and 64%, 60%, and 68% of 25 patients with pulmonary cysts, respectively. In the postoperative study of 62 patients, elevated titres of HA, CF and IFA antibodies in 30 led to the presumptive diagnosis of recurrent disease, confirmed later by radiological and surgical follow-ups. In the 32 others the proportion of positive reactors was 29%, 6% and 28% in HA, CF and IFA tests. These patients had no detectable cysts. This indicates that in postoperative patients a negative CF test may be of a better prognostic value in indicating absence of cysts than the HA and IFA tests. PMID- 1104710 TI - In vivo transfer of R factors between Escherichia coli strains inoculated into the rumen of sheep. AB - Substantial transfer of R factors occurred in vivo, under certain conditions, in the rumen of adult sheep in the absence of any antibiotic treatment. A starvation period of 24-48 hr. was required to produce the conditions necessary, when even quite low inocula (ca. 10(3) cells) of donor and recipient E. coli could grow within the rumen and reach a population density sufficient for transfer to take place. The results indicate that under the same conditions R factors may be transferred between organisms in the lower intestinal tract also. Without the starvation period, the inoculation of even massive numbers (10(10) cells) of the same organisms resulted in almost no detectable transfer. Some of the experimental animals on which a starvation period was imposed became carriers of either the inoculated recipient E. coli, or of R factor bearing coliforms, and these formed 1-10% of the total coliform population of the faeces for at least 6 weeks. PMID- 1104711 TI - Clostridium botulinum in the lakes and waterways of London. AB - Mud samples collected during 1974 from a large proportion of the lakes and waterways of London were examined for Clostridium botulinum. Of 69 such sites, 50 (72.5%) contained at least one type of the organism. Of the 50 positive sites, 31, 12, 1 and 10 contained, respectively, types B, C, D and E. Most of the demonstrations of type B required trypsinization of culture filtrates. An examination of 7 lakes in Edinburgh, made for the purpose of comparison, showed that 4 contained type B and one type C. An analysis of the results gave quantitative information on the value of (1) resampling apparently negative lakes, (2) the use of both heated and unheated culture inocula, and (3) trypsinization of culture filtrates. PMID- 1104712 TI - A method for simultaneous determination of rosette formation and phagocytosis by cells. AB - A fluorescent agent insoluble in water was readily phagocytosed by 5-20% of human blood mononuclear cells, mainly monocytes. These cells were easily detected even amidst abundant rosetting erythrocytes. When rosette assays for the detection of complement or SRBC receptors on the surface of the cells were performed, only phagocytic cells exhibited the complement receptor with the method used in the study, whereas mainly nonphagocytic cells formed SRBC rosettes. The effect on the calculation of the percentage of T lymphocytes (SRBC receptor lymphocytes) of varying amounts of monocytes present in mononuclear cell population is demonstrated. The method presented here might prove useful particularly in studies on Fc or complement receptors on white blood cells. PMID- 1104713 TI - Detection of isoelectric focused antibody by autoradiography and hemolysis of antigen-coated erythrocytes. A comparison of methods. AB - Mouse anti-group A streptococcal carbohydrate (GAC) antibodies were detected in analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF) acrylamide gels by the hemolysis of GAC coated sheep erythrocytes immobilized in agarose. This procedure is rapid and reproducible but, because it requires diffusion of antibody from the acrylamide gel into the agarose layer, results in poorer resolution than other methods of detection where antibodies can be fixed in the acrylamide gel after focusing, such as protein staining of purified antibodies or autoradiography of 125I-GAC bound to focused antibodies. PMID- 1104714 TI - A serial tap method for removal of peritoneal exudate cells from guinea pigs. AB - Production by sensitised lymphocytes of Migration Inhibition Factor has been found to correlate with delayed hypersensitivity. A time course study using serially tapped guinea pig peritoneal cells is described. PMID- 1104715 TI - Filarial mesenteric lymphadenitis with ileal perforation. PMID- 1104716 TI - "It's been a long way from Coal City": a characterization of Dr. Boaz Yocum. PMID- 1104717 TI - Editorial: Hermann Pinkus. PMID- 1104718 TI - Homage to Pinkus: a genetic study. PMID- 1104719 TI - Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis versus "benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood." Are these immunologic diseases? AB - Seven cases of juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis have been investigated. Immunofluorescence and histologic studies were made in all and jejunal biopsies in three. Immunopathologic results were positive in all cases including one that had previously been reported to be negative. Two groups could be distinguished according to clinical and histologic criteria, response to sulfapyridine, and character of the immunoglobulin deposits. The first corresponded to dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) of adults, with characteristic lesions of the jejunal mucosa; the second corresponded either to bullous pemphigoid (BP), although in the majority of the cases without circulating antibasement-membrane antibodies, or to a mixed type with the combined features of DH and BP. Repeated biopsies with serial sections are essential for demonstrating immune deposits. The question arises whether any immunologically negative cases of "benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood" actually exist. PMID- 1104720 TI - Pustular psoriasis elicited by streptococcal antigen and localized to the sweat pore. AB - A woman, aged 39 years, presented with a localized, painful, pustular eruption of the neck, scalp, and finger of five years' duration. A diagnosis of pustular psoriasis was made clinically and histologically. It was possible to reproduce the disease by the intradermal injection of killed Group A streptococcal organisms. The induced pustules, as well as those appearing clinically, were intraepidermal and indistinguishable from the Kogoj spongiform abscess, and on serial sectioning showed a distinctive localization to the acryosyringium. Immunosuppressant as well as antistreptococcal therapy in the form of cyclophosphamide and clindamycin was of help. The process is classified as a nonvasculitic pustular bacterid, and as a prototype for antigen localization of lesions to the occluded epidermal sweat duct unit. PMID- 1104721 TI - Antimicrobial resistance and R-factor transfer among isolates of Salmonella in the northeastern United States: a comparison of human and animal isolates. AB - The antimicrobial susceptibility of 718 isolates of Salmonella from humans and of 688 isolates from animals was examined. Of the 46 different serotypes among the isolates from humans, Salmonella typhimurium accounted for 34%. Thirty percent of isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotic(s). Resistance to streptomycin was most common; resistance to tetracycline was next most common. Over 50% of isolates of S. typhimurium and Salmonella newport were resistant to four antibiotics. Resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, and ampicillin has increased steadily during the past decade. Most strains possessed R-factors, and resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin (but not that to cephalothin) was transferable. Among the salmonellae commonly isolated from humans, only Salmonella enteritidis showed limited resistance to antibiotics (5.8%). Antibiotic resistance of isolates of S. typhimurium, Salmonella saint-paul, and Salmonella heidelberg from animals was similar to the resistance of isolates from humans. Resistance to kanamycin increased markedly over the level noted in previous studies. R-factor prevalence was high. Antibiograms of the isolates from animals and humans were similar, although some patterns were seen only in isolates from one source. Ampicillin resistance was more common in human isolates, and resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamide, and streptomycin was more common in animal isolates. Salmonellae of serotypes other than S. typhimurium that came from humans were less resistant to all antibiotics than were isolates from animals. PMID- 1104722 TI - The immune response to acute otitis media in children. II. Serum and middle ear fluid antibody in otitis media due to Haemophilus influenza. AB - The antibody response in serum and middle ear fluid was studied in 40 children less than two years of age who had otitis media due to Haemophilus influenzae. Specific antibody in serum was determined by either a bacteriocidal test or an indirect fluorescent antibody test, and in the middle ear fluid by the latter test. For both assays the infecting bacterium of the patient was used. Half of the acute sera and three-fourths of the convalescent sera had antibody of at least one of the IgG, IgM, or IgA classes; IgG occurred most often. Fourteen patients had significant increases in specific antibody in the convalescent serum. Middle ear fluids from 22 to 29 patients had specific antibody. IgG and IgA antibodies occurred with equal frequency, but IgA antibody was found more often in middle ear fluids when IgA antibody was absent from serum. Thus it appears that infants with otitis media respond systemically and locally with specific antibody to H. influenzae. PMID- 1104723 TI - [Mediastinal malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 1104724 TI - Kansas state dental association committees 1975-1976. PMID- 1104725 TI - Answers to questions concerning V.A. programs. PMID- 1104726 TI - Leukocyte migration in vivo: a new method of study. AB - Quantitative in vivo migration of leukocytes into tissue has been analyzed by a new technique. This new method differs from previous methods by utilizing tape stripping of skin rather than skin abrasion, thereby preserving dermal vascular endothelium and the basal lamina of the epidermis. By preserving these two physiologic membranes, this technique simulates physiologic leukotaxis. Results in sixteen control patients revealed a mean of 1.12 X 10(6) leukocytes per chamber per 24 hours. In four patients with immunodeficiency this value was of 9.26 X 10(3) leukocytes per chamber per 24 hours clearly distinguishing this group from control groups (p less than 0.01). Reproducibility of duplicate chambers, simplicity, and comfort of the plastic chambers enhance its use by the clinical investigator as a secreening test for abnormalities in leukocyte movement. PMID- 1104727 TI - Determination of urinary carbamylaspartate and dihydro-orotate in normal subjects and in patients with hereditary orotic aciduria. AB - An isotope dilution assay for urinary dihydro-orotic acid and carbamylaspartic acid (CAA) has been developed which has been shown to yield accurate measurements for these pyrimidine precurosrs. Dihydro-orotic acid could not be detected in 24 hour urine specimens from 10 normal adults and 7 normal children, or in specimens from 2 children with hereditary orotic aciduria Type I. Small amounts (approximately 10 mumole per 24 hours) of carbamylaspartic acid are excreted in normal urine, and there was a modest elevation in CAA excretion in the 2 patients with hereditary orotic aciduria. PMID- 1104728 TI - The changing bacteriologic pattern of newborn septicemia. PMID- 1104729 TI - A study of the histology and exfoliative cytology of atrophic rhinitis. PMID- 1104730 TI - A comparison of methods of extra temporal facial nerve repair. AB - The development during the past 100 years of methods of repair of the divided facial nerve is discussed, from the early attempts to bring the nerve ends together inside a tube of vein. The success of the repair is enhanced by the care of the blood supply to the nerve and by measures to avoid scar developing between the ends of the nerve. Rest of the suture line is aided by the support of some form of tube, but unless this latter is kept below I cm. in length interference with the radial blood vessels to the nerve occurs. Intubation also encourages parallel growth of the nerve fibres and discourages fibroblast proliferation. Animal experimentation shows that the results when a soft silicone tube of special shape is used are superior to those obtained if the nerve is left free in the tissues, buried in muscle, or placed inside a vein. PMID- 1104731 TI - Vasodilator drugs in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 1104732 TI - BCG in cancer and leukemia treatment and prophylaxis-A review. AB - Five international oncology meetings crystallized the concept that the immune system plays a dominant role in the prevention and inhibition of neoplasia; that the cancer antigens are relatively weak, therefore eliminating weak or uneffective cellular immunity which is paramount in tumor rejection; that humoral antibodies against neoplastic antigens may block the cytotoxic action of T cells against the tumor cells. A number of agents have been found capable of stimulating the immune system (T-cell activation) but from a clinical standpoint BCG had had the widest application in a variety of tumors and leukemia. Thus the emphasis in this review will be on BCG. PMID- 1104733 TI - A technique for intensifying BCG sensitivity. AB - Sensitization to BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) appears to be more effective when it is carried out at the site of a delayed hypersensitivity challenge reaction to DNCB (1-chloro, 2,4-dinitrobenzene) than when it is carried out at unchallenged sites in non-sensitized animals. The effectiveness of BCG sensitization was determined by measurement of the intensity of the PPD (Purified Protein Derivative of tuberculin) 24-hour skin test. Possible mechanisms for this phenomenon and its implications for cancer immunotherapy are considered. PMID- 1104734 TI - Potential roles of androgens and the anabolic steroids in the treatment of cancer - a review. AB - Androgenic hormones are utilized in clinical practice as a bone marrow stimulant as well as replacement therapy in certain endocrinologic disorders. In the oncologic realm breast cancer has shown some responsiveness to pharmacologic doses of androgens. However, recent work reveals that androgens are capable of stimulating the fibrinolytic mechanism and more importantly enhance the immune response. These latter properties represent a significant new role for the androgens and anabolic agents. Hence, adjunctive utilization of androgens with cancer chemotherapeutic agents may result in an effective synergistic combination in the therapy of malignant disease. PMID- 1104735 TI - MAG develops a position on the medicaid manual and physician provider agreement. PMID- 1104736 TI - Hospital utilization review under Medicare. PMID- 1104737 TI - Anomaly of cervical portion of cerebral vessels. PMID- 1104738 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and short-term growth hormone replacement on insulin release from and glucose metabolism in isolated rat islets of Langerhans. AB - The effects of hypophysectomy and short-term GH replacement on insulin release and on some aspects of glucose metabolism in isolated rat islets of Langerhans were investigated. The effects on body, pancreas and adrenal gland weights, and on the levels of blood plasma constituents were also measured. Three to four weeks after hypophysectomy the early and late phases of insulin release from islets incubated with high concentrations of glucose, but not with low concentrations of glucose or with xylitol, leucine, arginine, tolbutamide, citrate or butyrate, were significantly lowered. Short-term GH replacement partially reversed the depression in glucose-stimulated insulin release. This reversal effect was not dependent on the increase in body weight of rats after GH replacement when the fall in adrenal gland but not in pancreas weight was also reversed. Nine out of the 12 plasma constituents measured, including glucose, were maintained in the control range of levels, but albumin, inorganic phosphate and urea nitrogen levels were altered after hypophysectomy or GH replacement. Three to four weeks after hypophysectomy, total glucose oxidation and glucose utilization by the islets were slightly depressed. Hypophysectomy appeared to slow down glucose 6-phosphate utilization in the islets. However, the functional capacity of the glucose phosphorylating, glucose-6-phosphate and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities were not changed. Short-term GH replacement caused improvements in these islet functions. PMID- 1104739 TI - Changes in insulin content of, and insulin and RNA synthesis in, isolated rat islets of Langerhans after hypophysectomy and short-term growth hormone replacement. AB - Three to four weeks after hypophysectomy, the insulin content and glucose stimulated insulin or total RNA synthesis in the pancreatic islets were estimated. The ratio of the glucose-stimulated insulin release to the islet insulin content was lowered. After short-term GH replacement, insulin release and insulin content were slightly increased such that the ratio of release to content remained virtually unaltered. Glucose-stimulated insulin synthesis was also depressed but improved slightly after GH replacement. However, there was no significant change in the incorporation of [5-3H]uridine into islet total RNA after hypophysectomy or subsequent GH replacement. PMID- 1104740 TI - Identification and characterization of the monoblast in mononuclear phagocyte colonies grown in vitro. AB - A liquid culture technique for growing mononuclear phagocyte colonies on a glass surface is described. This useful and reliable technique made it possible to study immature mononuclear phagocytes. In the mononuclear phagocyte colonies the cells grow separate from each other in a single layer. Three types of cells are recognized in these colonies, namely nondividing macrophages, and proliferating promonocytes and monoblasts. The macrophage and the promonocyte exhibit the typical characteristics previously demonstrated by the other methods, whereas the monoblast could only be fully characterized by the present liquid culture method. This proliferating cell (labeling index with [3H]thymidine, 92-96%) is almost round (diameters, 10 X 10 mum), has only a small rim of strongly basophilic cytoplasm, almost devoid of granules, and shows a certain degree of ruffling of the cell surface. The monoblast is positive for esterase with alpha-naphthyl butyrate as substrate (91%), for peroxidase (78% in the peroxidase-positive colonies), and lysozyme (43%). The monoblast is able to pinocytize dextran sulphate (15-20%) and to phagocytize opsonized bacteria (20-30%), latex particles (47%), and IgG-coated red cells (96%). IgG receptors (94%) and complement receptors (16%) are present at the cell surface. In these respects the monoblast has the typical characteristics of the mononuclear phagocytes, but its properties show it to be a more immature cell type than the promonocyte. On the basis of these criteria and the sequence of appearance of the different cell types during incubation and during the development of the individual mononuclear phagocyte colony, monoblasts being present before promonocytes appear in the colony, it is concluded that the monoblast is the precursor of the promonocyte. In these cultures granulocyte colonies are also formed, consisting of myeloblasts, (pro)myelocytes, stabs, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Besides the typically tight structure of this kind of colony, the granulocytic cells themselves are quite distinct from the mononuclear phagocytes by their morphology, cytochemical characteristics (e.g. all negative for esterase with alpha-naphthyl butyrate, but 96% positive with N-acetyl DL-alanyl 1-naphthylester), functional characteristics (pinocytic index 13-21%; phagocytic index; for opsonized bacteria 15-36%, for latex particles 10%, and for IgG-coated red cells 0%), and their very small number of IgG receptors and lack of complement receptors. On the basis of these criteria, these granulocytic cells are easily distinguished from the immature cells of the mononuclear phagocyte colonies. The present study confirms the conclusion that the mononuclear phagocytes are a separate cell line, quite distinct from the granulocytic series, since even the most immature cells so far identified--the monoblast and the myeloblast--have quite different characteristics. PMID- 1104741 TI - T and B cell in hapten-specific carrier-determined tolerance. AB - BDF1 mice were made tolerant by a single i.v. injection of 1 mg of DNAP-gamma1 or by weekly i.v. injections of 0.2 mg of DNP-gamma1 given for a month. In both instances, spleen cells of tolerant animals were fractionated to obtain pure populations of T cells (nonimmunoglobulin-bearing cells), referred to as tolerant T cells, and B cells (immunoglobulin-bearing cells) referred to as tolerant B cells (immunoglobulin-bearing cells) referred to as tolerant B cells. The control cells were similarly fractionated to obtain normal T and B cells. Mixtures of tolerant T cells and normal B cells, or conversely, normal T cells and tolerant B cells were used to repopulate lethally irradiated recipients. These recipients were then immunized with dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet haemocyanin and in certain instances with other antigen horse red blood cells. The immune response to both antigens was measured using the direct hemolytic plaque assay. It was found that both T and B cells were tolerant and that tolerance was hapten specific at both T and B-cell levels. While B-cell tolerance was demonstrated at a 1/1 T/B ratio, a 4/1 T/B ratio was necessary to show T-cell tolerance. Thus, the hapten-specific carrier-determined tolerance involves not only B cells but also T cells. The implication of this finding for the cellular mechanism of tolerance in an experimental model closely related to self tolerance is discussed. PMID- 1104742 TI - Requirement for T cells in the production of migration inhibitory factor. AB - The question whether B lymphocytes are capable of being activated by antigen in the absence of functional T cells was investigated in a model that excludes participation of T cells by virtue of an immune response gene restriction. Strain 2 guinea pigs are capable of responding to immunization with DNP-PLL, whereas strain 13 animals are not. In the present experiments, animals of both strains were immunized with DNP-PLL complexed to ovalbumin (DNP-PLL-Ova) under conditions in which equal titers of antibodies to DNP were produced by both strains. The failure of T cells of strain 13 animals to respond to DNP-PLL was confirmed by the virus plaque assay. While spleen cells from both strains produced MIF after stimulation with DNP-PLL-Ova, in response to DNP-PLL only strain 2 spleens were able to produce MIF. Cells from neither strain could be activated by DNP-guinea pig albumin to produce MIF. We conclude that B lymphocytes are incapable of being stimulated by antigen in the absence of T cells, and that MIF production is a thymus-dependent response. While the results indicate that MIF production is a valid qualitative assay for T-cell competence, since MIF can be produced by B and T cells, the degree of migration inhibition cannot be regarded as a quantitative measure of T-cell function. PMID- 1104743 TI - Cellular basis of tolerance in neonatally induced mouse chimeras. AB - In mice, thymectomized as young adults, neonatally induced tolerance persists in the putative absence of cell chimerism. The finding provides evidence that a selective deficiency of specific clones of lymphocytes exists in transplantation tolerance when induced under the conditions of these experiments. PMID- 1104744 TI - The occurrence of the HL-B alloantigens on the cells of unclassified acute lymphoblastic leukemias. AB - Six cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were studied by a variety of T- and B lymphocyte surface markers. Two appeared to represent T-cell leukemias with the lymphoblasts forming sheep erythrocyte rosettes. The other four lacked all the usual membrane markers. However, indirect immunofluorescence with alloantisera detected the presence of the Ia-related HL-B antigens on the cells of the latter four cases; these antigens were absent in the first two cases. The primary association of the HL-B antigens with B cells raises the possibility that the positive group of cases are of B-cell lineage. PMID- 1104745 TI - Fibrinogen/fibrin on the surface of macrophages: detection, distribution, binding requirements, and possible role in macrophage adherence phenomena. AB - The peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs proved to be a rich source of mononuclear cells (34-52%) with fibrinogen or fibrin (Fib) on their surface. The Fib was readily detected on the surface of viable cells in suspension by fluorescence microscopy using antisera to guinea pig fibrinogen. The fluorescent staining occurred either in a speckled distribution, similar to that of cytophilic IgG, or in a distinctive net-like pattern that probably represented fibrin formation on the cell surface. The binding of Fib to the cell surface required calcium, but not magnesium, in the medium and could occur in vitro during incubation in heparinized plasma that contained fibrinogen concentrations comparable to that in normal peritoneal fluid (0.58 mg/ml). Cell surface Fib was more susceptible to plasmin and trypsin digestion than surface cytophilic IgG. By morphologic and physiologic criteria, cells exhibiting surface Fib were chiefly, if not exclusively, macrophages. Granulocytes, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes from lymph node and thymus had no sppreciable Fib. Cells with surface Fib were rarely observed among mononuclear cells prepared by Ficoll-Hypaque sedimentation of guinea pig and human blood (1.4 and 4.6%, respectively). Pulmonary alveolar macrophages, functionally distinct from peritoneal macrophages, lacked surface Fib (0.8%). Polymerization of Fib on the surface of macrophages might participate in certain cell interactions, such as the adherence of peritoneal macrophages during the antigen-induced macrophage disappearance reactions. The unexpected finding of Fib binding to the surfaces of peritoneal macrophages raises the possibility of a biologically significant interaction between these cells and the clotting system. PMID- 1104746 TI - Genetic control of specific immune suppression. I. Experimental conditions for the stimulation of suppressor cells by the copolymer L-glutamic acid50-L tyrosine50 (GT) in nonresponder BALB/c mice. AB - In the present studies we have confirmed that the random copolymer of L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT) fails to induce an antibody response in a large number of inbred strains of mice. Nevertheless, GT complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA) elicits a GT-specific IgG PFC response in vivo. Furthermore, injection of BALB/c mice with 10 to 100 mug of GT specifically decreases their ability to develop anti-GT PFC responses to a subsequent challenge with GT-MBSA. GT-specific tolerance can be transferred to normal, syngeneic recipients by spleen cells or thymocytes of GT-primed animals. These results indicate that the stimulation of suppressor cells can be observed in nonresponder mice with another synthetic polypeptide besides GAT. Various parameters of GT-specific immunosuppression in BALB/c mice are described. The application of these techniques to the study of the genetic factors controlling the stimulation of specific immune suppression is discussed. PMID- 1104748 TI - A mechanism for the induction of immunological tolerance by antigen feeding: antigen-antibody complexes. AB - We have previously reported on the induction, in mice, of a systemic (splenic) immune response with IgA as the dominant antibody, as a result of a short (4 day) intragastric immunization course with foreign erythrocytes. This response was followed by a prolonged period of hyporesponsiveness to similarly administered antigen. Here it is shown that this hyporesponsiveness is also manifested towards antigen given intraperitoneally, and that one is therefore dealing with tolerance, not with failure to absorb antigen from the gut. In contrast, mice primed parenterally and then challenged intragastrically behaved as if never having any previous contact with the antigen, i.e., with a primary-type splenic response of predominant IgA character. This agrees with our former conclusion that splenic responses to enterically absorbed antigen reflect colonization of the spleen by cells sensitized locally in the gut wall, a site not readily primed by the parenteral route. Serum from intragastrically immunized mice contained a very active tolerogen. In vivo, it was capable of conferring tolerance to nonimmune recipient mice. In vitro, it paralyzed the activity of antibody producing cells. Inhibitory sera has weak antibody activity, restricted to the IgA class, and contained immune complexes reacting with rheumatoid factor but not with C1q. Elimination of these complexes by means by insolubilized rheumatoid factor abolished the tolerogenic effect. In conclusion, the enterically induced tolerogen seems to consist of immune complexes with IgA as the antibody. PMID- 1104747 TI - Immunologic properties of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). II. The unresponsiveness of C3H/HeJ Mouse spleen cells to LPS-induced mitogenesis is dependent on the method used to extract LPS. AB - The C3H/HeJ mouse strain, previously shown to be a nonresponder to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitogenesis in vitro, was demonstrated by the present studies to be competent to respond mitogenically to LPS, but only to LPS preparations obtained by selected extraction methods. These preparations appear to be confined to LPS isolated by mild extraction techniques, such as TCA or butanol. In contrast, those obtained by techniques utilizing phenol were only weakly stimulatory or completely nonstimulatory for spleen cells from the C3H/HeJ. All LPS preparations tested, on the other hand, were highly stimulatory for cells from another mouse strain, namely the C3H/St. The critical importance of the method of extraction of LPS on its mitogenic activity for C3H/HeJ cells was stressed by experiments in which LPS was prepared from Escherichia coli K235 using either of two procedures. In these experiments, phenol-extracted LPS, although mitogenic in the C3H/St, was completely nonstimulatory in the C3H/HeJ; whereas, butanol-extracted LPS was highly stimulatory in both strains of mice. This striking difference was attributed to a destructive effect of phenol on LPS, as demonstrated by the fact that treatment of butanol LPS with phenol resulted in a total loss of its mitogenic activity in the C3H/HeJ, but in only a partial loss in the C3H/St. In general, the mitogenic response observed with selected LPS preparations in the C3H/HeJ was quantitatively lower and more transient than that seen with the C3H/St, although qualitatively these responses appeared to be similar. This was evidenced by the observation that in both mouse strains LPS was a specific mitogen for B cells, a property which was also attributed in both strains to the same distinct structural region of the LPS molecule, that is lipid A. A preparation of LPS that failed to stimulate B cells from the C3H/HeJ nonetheless had the capacity to block activation of these B cells by a stimulatory preparation of LPS. These results strongly suggest that mitogenic stimulation of B cells by LPS is a function of the structural integrity of both the LPS molecule and putative B-cell receptors for LPS. PMID- 1104749 TI - Experimental amyloidosis: the inducer is a polyclonal B-cell activator to which susceptibility is under genetic control. AB - Experimental amyloidosis in mice can be induced by repeated injections of casein. It has now been demonstrated that casein induces strong polyclonal antibody synthesis in mouse B spleen lymphocytes. This effect is much more pronounced in spleen cells from anyloid-susceptible mice (CBA/J) than amyloid-resistant mice (A/J). It is suggested that amyloidosis can be due in some instances to a constant exposure for molecules which induce polyclonal B-cell activation. PMID- 1104751 TI - Are we learning what actually goes on when the brain recognizes and controls? AB - Drawing upon recent advances in neuroscience for examples, the thesis is defended that, in contrast to a Kuhnian view of proress by overturning whole sciences, progress amounting to revolution in our understanding of nervous systems is happening by the accumulation of many discrete discoveries, and that this process may be expected to continue for a long time. Twelve propositions are put forward illustrative of ideas developed during and influenced by C. L. Prosser's career, all in the segment of neuroscience concerned with subsystem organization. They range from the generally accepted to the frankly polemical and the merely heuristic. (1) Ongoing background activity has different forms. (2) Codes, both spike and graded, are several. (3) Integrative variables in neuron function are several. (4) Identifiable cells may be widespread. (5) Neuronal circuits for behavior are known. (6) Redundancy is usually overlap. (7) Reliability can be high. (8) Recognition neurons may be common and complex. (9) Command neurons may be common and complex. (10) Pattern is often central in origin. (11) Hierarchies and switches may be common. (12) Subsystem function is an intellectual challenge. Each of these is briefly elaborated and its logical relation to the others suggested. The role of discrete discovery is thus illustrated--in the generation of new conceptual frameworks that gradually become interrelated and cumulatively change profoundly our picture of what's going on in the brain. PMID- 1104750 TI - Mediation systems in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulation. I. The role of complement. AB - We have studied the role of complement in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) by comparing the effects of injection of three preparations of LPS from E. Coli 0111:B4, S. minnesota Re595, and S. marcescens. Injections of nonlethal doses of these LPS preparations into normal rabbits produced decreases in mean arterial blood pressure during a 5-h period. When rabbits treated with cobra venom factor (CoF) to deplete C3 were injected with the various LPS preparations, mean arterial pressures fell at a rate and extent essentially identical to that observed in normal rabbits. Rabbits genetically deficient in C6 also demonstrated LPS-induced hypotensive changes. Only minimal, or no changes in plasma C3 levels or serum CH50 values were detected in normal rabbits after LPS injection. Hypotensive changes were also induced in rabbits when complement was rapidly activated by intravenous injection of CoF. In contrast to the hypotension induced by LPS, the fall in arterial pressure associated with the consumption of complement was short lived and required the rapid consumption of considerable amounts of C3. The occurrence of DIC noted in normal rabbits injected with each preparation of LPS was not inhibited in either rabbits treated with cobra factor or in C6-deficient rabbits. The DIC was most pronounced after injection of Re595 and S. marcescens LPS. Injection of the various LPS preparations produced a rapid disappearance of circulating neutrophils and mononuclear cells, which occurred with the same kinetics and to the same extent in normal, CoF-treated, and C6-deficient rabbits. Injection of either Re595 LPS or S. marcescens LPS produced a biphasic disappearance of circulating 51Cr-platelets. In contrast, injection of 0111:B4 LPS affected only slightly the rate of disappearance of 51Cr-platelets. Depletion of C3 by cobra factor treatment had no effect on the disappearance of platelets in animals injected with 0111:B4. In marked contrast cobra factor treatment greatly reduced the initial rapid disappearance of platelets in rabbits injected with either Re595 or S. marcescens LPS, but had no effect in the secondary disappearance phase. PMID- 1104752 TI - Extensive and intensive factors determining the performance of striated muscle. AB - Striated muscle is obviously a versatile tissue, one which has been malleable to selective pressure and has become modified for many specific tasks. The variations which adapt striated muscle to particular functions involve both changes in its structural organization and changes in the chemical nature of its components. Although a number of factors have been identified which contribute to the diversity of muscle performance, it is not yet possible to account adequately for the wide range in muscle performance throughout the animal kingdom. While not a new direction in comparative physiology, developing quantitative explanations for the diversity of muscle performance is still an obvious, remaining task. PMID- 1104753 TI - Temperature as a selective factor in protein evolution: the adaptational strategy of "compromise". AB - Most of the important functional and structural properties of enzymes are affected by temperature. In order to maintain critical enzymic properties such as regulatory sensitivity, catalytic potential and structural stability, significant changes have been made in enzymes during evolution in different thermal regimes. Regulatory function, as typified by substrate binding ability, has been especially conservative. For a given enzyme, substrate binding ability is maintained at a relatively stable level over the entire temperature range experienced by the organism (enzyme), in spite of wide variation in substrate affinity at temperatures outside the biological range. Similarities in substrate affinity among homologues and analogues of enzymes from bacteria, invertebrates, fishes and mammals, at respective physiological temperatures for the enzymes, demonstrate the crucial importance of regulatory abilities in enzymes. Two facts, (a) that enzymes function at sub-maximal rates, and (b) that low temperature compensation is not effected by wholesale reductions in apparent Km values, argue that regulation outweighs sheer catalytic potential in enzymic function. The efficiency of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction at a rapid rate appears highest in low cell-temperature forms. The finding that catalytic efficiency is inversely correlated with enzymic heat stability suggests that enzymes with relatively great abilities to undergo conformational changes during catalysis are capable of supplying the most energy for activation events, this energy arising in part from the exergonic formation of weak bonds during the activation step in catalysis. Energy changes due to conformational changes may also be used to reduce the net enthalpy change which occurs during ligand binding, a mechanism we refer to as "coupled-compensating enthalpy changes." Comparisons of amino acid compositions of enzyme homologues and analogues from differently thermally adapted species do not reveal major differences, for example, in the overall hydrophobicity of enzymes. We propose that observed differences in enzyme thermal stability derive more from quantitative differences, i.e., differences in total numbers of secondary interactions, than from quilitative differences, i.e., differences in the relative importance of different classes of weak bonds. PMID- 1104754 TI - Water states and water gates in osmotic processes, and the inoperative concept of molfraction of water. AB - An historical account is given of concepts regarding the mechanism of osmosis and imbibition, starting with Lord Kelvin's gravitational column, where he pointed out that a capillary standing in a dish of water within an isothermal enclosure must have a lowered vapor pressure at its elevated meniscus so as to match that emanating from the surface in the dish, otherwise distillation would violate the Second law. A brilliant sequence to this simple idea followed through Poynting, Arrhenius, Noyes and culminated with Hulett, who in 1901 formulated the "solvent tension theory" of osmosis, stating in essence that the thermal motion of the solute molecules by impact with the free solvent surface put the solvent under tension. This lowers the vapor pressure and thereby also its freezing point. Perrin, in famous experiments on Brownian motion, demonstrated solute-solvent independence within a solution and further support came through Herzfeld, Mysels and Duclaux. We measured negative pressures in salt-free sap of mangroves and other plants matching the osmotic pressure in the leaf cells. A series of measurements on magnetic and gravitational effects on osmotic pressure likewise bore out the tension theory. The fashionable "water concentration theory" is left experimentally contradicted and in violation of the Second law. PMID- 1104755 TI - Expectation and achievement in comparative physiology. PMID- 1104756 TI - Clifford Ladd Prosser. PMID- 1104757 TI - Historical contrasts in medical education with particular reference to internal medicine. PMID- 1104758 TI - Hyperacute rejection in human renal allotransplantation. PMID- 1104759 TI - Immunofluorescent studies on basement membrane zone of skin. PMID- 1104760 TI - A further study on the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone content in the stalk median eminence of old rats by an in vitro method. PMID- 1104762 TI - Membrane resistance change of the frog taste cells in response to water and Nacl. AB - The electrical properties of the frog taste cells during gustatory stimulations with distilled water and varying concentrations of NaCl were studied with intracellular microelectrodes. Under the Ringer adaptation of the tongue, two types of taste cells were distinguished by the gustatory stimuli. One type, termed NaCl-sensitive (NS) cells, responded to water with hyperpolarizations and responded to concentrated NaCl with depolarizations. In contrast, the other type of cells, termed water-sensitive (WS) cells, responded to water depolarizations and responded to concentrated NaCl with hyperpolarizations. The membrane resistance of both taste cell types increased during the hyperpolarizing receptor potentials and decreased during the depolarizing receptor potentials, Reversal potentials for the depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses in each cell type were a few millivolts positive above the zero membrane potential. When the tongue was adapted with Na-free Ringer solution for 30 min, the amplitude of the depolarizing responses in the NS cells reduced to 50% of the control value under normal Ringer adaptation. On the basis of the present results, it is concluded (a) that the depolarizing responses of the NS and WS cells under the Ringer adaptation are produced by the permeability increase in some ions, mainly Na+ ions across the taste cell membranes, and (b) that the hyperpolarizing responses of both types of taste cells are produced by a decrease in the cell membrane permeability to some ions, probably Na+ ions, which is slightly enhanced during the Ringer adaptation. PMID- 1104761 TI - Models for coupling of salt and water transport; Proximal tubular reabsorption in Necturus kidney. AB - Models for coupling of salt and water transport are developed with two important assumptions appropriate for leaky epithelia. (a) The tight junction is permeable to both sale and water. (b) Active Na transport into the lateral speces is assumed to occur uniformly along the length of the channel. The proposed models deal specifically with the intraepithelial mechanism of proximal tubular resbsorption in the Necturus kidney although they have implications for epithelial transport in the gallbladder and small intestine as well. The first model (continuous version) is similar to the standing gradient model devised by Diamond and Bossert but used different boundary conditions. In contrast to Diamond and Bossert's model, the predicted concentration profiles are relatively flat with no sizable gradients along the interspace. The second model (compartment version) expands Curran's model of epithelial salt and water transport by including additional compartments and considering both electrical and chemical driving forces for individual Na and Cl ions as well as hydraulic and osmotic driving forces for water. In both models, ion and water fluxes are investigated as a function of the transport parameters. The behavior of the models is consistent with previously suggested mechanisms for the control of net transport, particularly during saline diuresis. Under all conditions the predicted ratio of net solute to solvent flux, or emergent concentration, deviates from exact isotonicity (except when the basement membrane has an appreciable salt reflection coefficient). However, the degree of hypertonicity may be small enough to be experimentally indistinguishable from isotonic transport. PMID- 1104763 TI - Mutations affecting aromatic amino acid transport in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A genetic locus, aroT, located between chr and the trp operon in Salmonella typhimurium, and similar genes, aroR and aroS, near the trp locus of Escherichia coli, were found to be involved in the transport of aromatic amino acids. Genetic lesions at these loci cause a variable diminution in uptake and accumulation of aromatic amino acids, alanine and glycine compared with the wild type. The F'trp episome carries the aro R locus. Curing an E. coli strain of the F'trp episome which covers a chromosomal deletion from cysB through the trp operon and tonB regions, results in a 60 to 80% decrease in tryptophan uptake. The introduction of F'trp into a trp operon-deleted S. typhimurium of low transport ability restores transportability, suggesting that aroT in this organism may be homologous with aroR in E. coli. In E. coli, tryptophan accumulation is normally increased by prior growth in L-tryptophan, while in S. typhimurium it is repressed. In both genera, the trpR gene appears to have no effect on the tryptophan transport capabilities in response to changes in the concentration of L-tryptophan in the medium. Tryptophan transport in the S. typhimurium F'trp hybrid was subject to repression, while in the E. coli strain which carries F'trp covering the equivalent chromosomal delection, an increase in tryptophan accumulation was shown after growth in L-tryptophan supplemented medium. PMID- 1104764 TI - R factor tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance in Escherichia coli K12 cmlB mutants. AB - The isolation of Escherichia coli chromosomal mutants that increased the level of resistance of a partially tetracycline-sensitive mutant of RI00-I is described. Plasmid-less derivatives of these moderately resistant mutants were phenotypically similar to the cmlB mutants described by Reeve (1966, 1968), and also mapped in the same region. The level of intrinsic resistance to both chloramphenicol and tetracycline was increased about twofold. Also, the levels of R factor-determined resistance to these drugs were increased by this host mutation and tetracycline resistance was expressed constitutively. A cmlB accumulated tetracycline at a threefold lower rate than the wild-type strain, and it is proposed that the mutants have an altered permeability to the drugs and that this acts synergistically with the products of the R factor chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance genes. PMID- 1104765 TI - Instability of the Flac+ factor in a dnaC mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 1104766 TI - A new M-type of group A streptococcus of clinical importance in pyoderma and pharyngitis. AB - A new M-type of group A streptococcus, provisionally designated type 65, is described. The vaccine and other initially isolated strains of this type attracted attention because of the T-agglutination reactions 2/25, not previously encountered among pyoderma streptococci. The investigations characterizing the strains as members of a new type were done with streptococci isolated from patients with pyoderma. However, type 65 was subsequently found to cause both pyoderma and acute pharyngitis. The T-2 agglutination reactions encountered with original members of this type, plus the cross-reactions later seen with type 65 antiserum and M-type 2 streptococci, prompted a comparison of this new type with M-type 2 streptococci, including those with the T-2 agglutination and others with the 8-25-Imp. 19 complex. The two M-antigens were clearly distinguished from one another in reciprocal bactericidal and precipitin tests with absorbed antisera. They were further distinguished in that all type 65 strains were opacity-factor (OF) negative, whereas type 2 streptococci were uniformly OF-positive. Most M type 65 strains subsequently found in surveillance studies were shown to be members of the 8-25-Imp,19 T-complex. Type 65 is thus a newly described type which shares with M-types 55 and 57 a commom T-agglutination pattern and, like members of these types, fails to produce opacity factor. In our colleciton of strains, from both pyoderma and pharyngitis, shown to be members of the 8-25-Imp. 19 complex, and OF-negative, only type 65 has been identified to date. In contrast to types 55 and 57, the new type 65 does not appear to be of major importance in causing acute glomerulonephritis. PMID- 1104767 TI - An enrichment technique for auxotrophs of Agrobacterium tumefaciens using a combination of carbenicillin and lysozyme. AB - A procedure to enrich for auxotrophic and fermentation mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is described. The method is based on the amplification of the killing power of carbenicillin by the addition of lysozyme. Isolation frequencies of some types of mutants are presented, with and without the application of the proposed procedure. The yield of mutants is usually enhanced a hundredfold per enrichment treatment. PMID- 1104768 TI - Preparation of synchronous cultures of Escherichia coli by continuous-flow size selection. PMID- 1104769 TI - Acetylene reduction by Klebsiella neumoniae in air related to colony dimorphism on low fixed nitrogen. PMID- 1104770 TI - Specialized transduction of a leucine marker by Proteus mirabilis phage 5006M. PMID- 1104771 TI - Amide utilization in Aspergillus nidulans: evidence for a third amidase enzyme. AB - A mutation in a gene designated gmdA has been found to lead to loss of ability of Aspergillus nidulans to use benzamide, phenylacetamide and several other amides as sole nitrogen sources for growth. The gmdA1 lesion results in low levels of an enzyme, called the general amidase, which has acitivity for a wide range of amide substrates. This enzyme is reressed by certain nitrogen-containing metabolites, including ammonium, but is probably not regulated by induction or by carbon catabolite repression. Evidence is presented for the general amidase being distinct from the previously characterized acetamidase and formamidase enzymes. The data also indicate that there is a fourth amidase capable of the hydrolysis of valeramide and hexanamide. PMID- 1104772 TI - Hysteria, hypnosis, psychopathology. History and perspectives. AB - A historical outline is given of the search for an explanation of the still elusive nature of hysteria and hypnosis, their mutual relationship, and that which they bear to psychopathology. Charcot regarded hypnosis as an artificially induced hysterical neurosis, and it was he who first introduced Freud to these two states. Freud was the first to see in hypnosis an experimental instrument for understanding psychopathological mechanisms. His subsequent conceptualization of psychoanalysis derived from these two phenomena at this decisive period. In 1895 Freud attempted to achieve a psychophysiological synthesis of the mental apparatus in his "Project for a Scientific Psychology," but then decided not to publish it. Whether or not recent advance in neurophysiology are sufficiently important bo bring about this synthesis remains an open question. In recent years some psychoanalysts have become interested in hypnosis, which one of them described as a focus for psychophysiological and psychoanalytic investigations. Any theory of the psychical apparatus which does not account for such an obvious psychical phenomenon must necessarily be incomplete. Since Charcot, hysteria presents hardly any new openings for experimental work. It is suggested that the solution of psyche-soma interaction might be sought in the study of hypnosis. It is postulated that hypnosis is a "fourth organismic state," not as yet objectifiable (in contradistinction to the waking state, sleep, and dreaming): a kind of natural or inborn mechanism which acts as one of the regulators of man's relationships with the environment. The author discusses briefly the aims and methodology of future interdisciplinary research on hypnosis, and the study of the transition from one state of consciousness to another, and their potential application to a wide range of subjects, namely, wherever man's relations with the environment are involved. PMID- 1104773 TI - A review of the effects of diazepam on cognitive and psychomotor performance. AB - Studies evaluating the effects of diazepam (Valium) on psychomotor and cognitive functions are reviewed an integrated. The importance of the full and clear documentation of such drug effects lies in the wide usage of diazepam today for a variety of medical, psychiatric, and dental purposes. The various tasks used to assess drug effects were classified into six major groups based on apparent similarity of functions tapped. These groupings are: reflex speed; critical flicker fusion threshold; attention and vigilance; decision making; learning and memory; psychomotor performance. In all functions except simple reflexive responding; some indications of impaired performances were reported, the results being most definitive for the critical flicker fusion where even small doses lowered the threshold and for a slower performance on letter cancellation tasks. There appeared to be some interaction between diazepam and alcohol although the nature of this interaction is still unclear. Because of the extensive use of both of these drugs and the possibility of a synergistic or a potentiation effect, it is important that this area receive further study. It was suggested that future studies either control for or analyze the data to assess the possible interactive effects of diazepam with subject variables such as sex, personality type, and for population characteristics. These variables have been shown to affect responses in other studies and hence could also interact with cognitive and psychomotor performance. It was noted that most of the studies reviewed used normal, healthy, male volunteer subjects and may not be comparable to the clinical populations for whom the drug is typically prescribed. PMID- 1104774 TI - Hypothalamic and pancreatic lesions with diabetes mellitus. AB - A case is reported of a neoplasm of mixed mesenchymal and neuroepithelial origin consisting of plasmacytoma, lymphoma, ganglioneuroma, and astrocytoma in the same mass. The tumour arose in the hypothalamus of a 43 year old diabetic woman who also had alpha cell hyperplasia and beta cell hypoplasia of the islets of Langerhans. It is suggested that both hypothalamic and pancreatic lesions produced diabetes mellitus in this patient. PMID- 1104775 TI - Teased single C.N.S. fibres observed by light and electron microscopy. PMID- 1104776 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of tubulin associated with microtubules and synaptic junctions in mammalian brain. AB - The distribution of tubulin in brain tissue has been investigated by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry using an antiserum raised against electrophoretically purified microtubule derived tubulin. The specificity of the staining is indicated by the lack of staining when non-immune serum is substituted for anti-tubulin serum and the quite different staining obtained with antisera against antigens other than tubulin. The anti-tubulin immunohistochemistry reveals tubulin antigen in microtubules and in the postsynaptic junctional lattice of most synapses. No antigen has been detected in either the synaptic cleft or in the axon terminal. This distribution confirms previous biochemical identification of tubulin as a major postsynaptic junctional component, but suggests that it is not common to all synaptic junctions. PMID- 1104778 TI - Compound elevated fractures of the skull. AB - The author presents two cases of compound elevated fractures of the skull and discusses the mechanics of their production. These lesions, seldom recognized in modern clinical practice, are first described in the oldest scientific and surgical treatise known, the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, over 5000 years ago. PMID- 1104777 TI - Management of diabetes insipidus in neurosurgical patients. AB - The authors present a brief review of the problem of diabetes insipidus in neurosurgical patients, with particular emphasis on the differential diagnosis of postoperative and posttraumatic polyuria and the management of diabetes insipidus in these periods. A listing of drugs currently used in its treatment is given. PMID- 1104779 TI - Retained intracranial metallic foreign bodies. Report of two cases. AB - The authors discuss two examples of extensive migration of retained metallic foreign bodies. The potential for further neurological injury from migration, formation of neurotoxic breakdown products, and the danger of infection are factors to be assessed when considering the removal of retained intracranial metallic foreign bodies. PMID- 1104780 TI - The first radioindicator study in the life sciences with a man-made radionuclide: "Radioactive indicators in the study of phosphorus metabolism in rats, by O. Chievitz and G. Hevesy, reprinted from Nature 136: 754-755, Nov. 9, 1935.". PMID- 1104781 TI - Comprehensive evaluation of renal function in the transplanted kidney. AB - By means of a comprehensive renal function test based on the analysis of orthoidohippurate kinetics carried out 223 times in 86 renal transplatn patients, we have been able to separate clearly five clinical entities: normally functioning transplanted kidneys, acute tubular necrosis, cell-mediated rejection, humoral (chromin) rejection, and postrenal obstruction. Accurate prediction of the fate of the rejecting kidney can be made while still subclinical as much as a week before manifestations by other techniques are evident. Data on 22 donors studied 44 times are also presented. The comprehensive test consists of measurements of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), sequential scintigraphy, calculations of excretory index (EI) (percent dose actually found in bladder and voided urine as a fraction of the percent dose expected at a given time after injection at the patient's specific ERPF), and residual urine volume. Formulas and regression equations for the calculation of ERPF, EI, residual urine, etc., are presented. PMID- 1104782 TI - Letter: Rib erasure utilizing nine-point smoothing. PMID- 1104783 TI - Editorial: Commemoration of the 20th Anniversary of the Journal of Nurse Midwifery. PMID- 1104784 TI - A tribute to the pioneers. PMID- 1104785 TI - Creative approaches to nurse-midwife education. V. Computerized nurse-midwifery management: its usefulness as a learning-teaching tool. PMID- 1104786 TI - Anterior bone grafts in delayed union and non-union of tibial shaft fractures: a review of 32 cases. PMID- 1104787 TI - Research on orthognathic surgery--an NIDR state-of-the-art workshop. PMID- 1104788 TI - Total mandibular alveolar osteotomy in the management of skeletal (infantile) apertognathia. AB - When intraoral access is adequate and other physical characteristics are satisfactory, total mandibular alveolar osteotomy can be used effectively to correct skeletal (infantile) apertognathia. The procedure, not frequently used, resulted in significant improvement of a massive open bite in a 15-year-old girl. PMID- 1104789 TI - Vestibuloplasty with skin grafting. AB - A review of 68 vestibuloplasties during a seven-year period indicated that there is no need for the routine use of either antibiotics or corticosteroids after vestibuloplasty for correction of an atrophic mandibular ridge. Vigorous massage after healing was beneficial. Improved tolerance and function of dentures were obtained in all instances. Paresthesia of the lower lip occurred in a significant number of patients. PMID- 1104790 TI - Anatomic considerations in infections of the face and neck: review of the literature. AB - An attempt was made to summarize the literature concerning the potential spaces between fascial layers in the face and neck and to correlate the variations in terminology used by different authors. It soon became evident in a search of the literature that far too many names are given to the same anatomical space and that there is a wealth of written material for study. As a result, the descriptions given here deal with the terminology that was most frequently encountered (Table). As anatomical relations form the basis of diagnosis and therapy, a thorough knowledge of the nature of infective processes in the facial and cervical regions is essential. The various fascial spaces are described and some general aspects of diagnosis are considered. PMID- 1104791 TI - Mandibular retrognathia: a review of the literature and selected cases. AB - Many techniques have been developed since the first osteotomy for correction of retrognathism was performed in 1905. These techniques have been in two groups- those that are performed in the mandibular body and those that are performed in the mandibular ramus. Ramus procedures are more favored because there is less morbidity in comparison to body procedures. Regardless of the procedure used, an adequate preoperative evaluation based on oral and radiographic examinations, study models, cephalometric analysis, and photographs is mandatory to achieve satisfactory results. A more satisfactory result can almost always be attained if a cooperative effort is made by the oral surgeon and orthodontist in the treatment of retrognathism. PMID- 1104792 TI - Combined light and electron-microscope morphometric studies of acute puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy in rats. AB - Morphometric observations were made on rats injected subcutaneously daily with puromycin aminonucleoside after two, four, six and eight daily injections. As a result it was possible to correlate the morphological alterations of the various glomerular components with the biochemical manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome particularly the onset of proteinuria. There was already significant loss of foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells by the 2nd day, that is before the onset of proteinuria, suggesting that the loss of foot processes is a consequence of some metabolic impairment produced by the puromycin aminonucleoside which also subsequently causes the proteinuria. Swelling of the glomerular epithelial cells became significant by the 6th and 8th day of injection after the development of proteinuria, suggesting that it is a consequence of the increased amount of protein in the glomerular filtrate. Two independent morphometric methods suggest a decrease in the amount of glomerular basement membrane. Unfortunately because of difficulties in the determination of mean glomerular volumes it is not possible to be absolutely certain that this is a true finding, however it is what would be expected if the synthesis of basement membrane was depressed by the puromycin aminonucleoside. PMID- 1104793 TI - The response of the newborn rat to injury. II. Histopathological aspects and mononuclear cell turnover. AB - Histopathological investigations of skin lesions induced by subcutaneous implantation of glass coverslips were carried out in rats between birth and adulthood. Differences were found between the cellular reactions of newborn and adult rats to this irritant. An increased number of cells was found in the skin lesions of newborn rats, compared with adults. Uptake of a 30-min. pulse of tritiated thymidine by mononuclear cells was found to be higher in newborn skin lesions than in those of adult rats. The reverse was observed for the mononuclear cells adherent to implanted glass coverslips. Giant cells were less evident on coverslips removed from the skin of newborn rats. PMID- 1104794 TI - Scanning electron micrographs of cancellous bone from the human sternum. AB - Thick sections from the manubrium and the first and second sternabrae were polished and the marrow removed. Low magnification scanning electron micrographs show that the cancellous bone near the medial plane is lightly constructed, is not markedly anisotropic and does not vary greatly from place to place. In the lateral parts of the sternabrae the trabeculae are somewhat thicker and the spaces between them are larger. Measurements on the polished surface lead to numerical values of a number of parameters characteristic of the surface patterns, such as the relative surface occupied by bone, the mean widths of the trabecular sections, the mean path lengths through the bone or marrow, and a number representing the departure from isotropy of the pattern. Parameters characteristic of the three-dimensional trabecular structure can be deduced, viz., the relative volume of bone, the area of the interface between bone and marrow and the mean thickness of the trabeculae. The sternum is compared with other bones which have been investigated by the same methods. There is little resemblance to the rib or to the proximal femur. The cancellous bone in the sternum and in the lumbar vertebral body are similar in appearance but the former has slighter trabeculae and larger marrow spaces. PMID- 1104795 TI - A revision of some trypanorhynchs from the western North Atlantic described by Edwin Linton. PMID- 1104796 TI - Immunocytochemical studies on Schistosoma mansoni. I. Soluble egg antigen in eggshell-enclosed miracidium. PMID- 1104797 TI - Studies of ribosomal RNA of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 1104798 TI - Evaluation of a method for in vitro ookinete development of the rodent malarial parasite, Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 1104799 TI - Comparison of yearly prevalences of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart 1863 in Peromyscus maniculatus and Microtus pennsylvanicus in North Dakota. PMID- 1104800 TI - First reported successful management of Serratia marcescens bacteremia after open heart surgery in a child. AB - A 7 and one-half yr-old girl developed bacteremia from S. marcescens following debanding of the pulmonary artery and closure of multiple ventricular septal defects with a Dacron patch and multiple Teflon pledgets. The site of entry was probably a radial arterial catheter left in place for 8 days. Infection was eradicated by a combination of gentamicin and carbenicillin over a 4-wk period. Of 12 cases of postoperative Serratia bacteremia in adults following valve replacement, only four survived. Antibiotics of proven effectiveness against the specific isolated Serratia strain, prompt therapy sustained for 6 wk offers the prospect for cure of this serious complication of cardiac surgery. PMID- 1104801 TI - The validity of projective techniques and their research and clinical contribution. AB - Numerous surveys have alternately demonstrated either a decline or continued vitality of diagnostic assessment and projective techniques in clinical psychology. This paper examines some of the factors which have contributed to the ambivalent attitudes about projective procedures. The first part of the paper considers questions about the limitations and potential contributions of projective techniques in research. The second portion of the paper examines some of the issues which limit the contributions of diagnostic assessment and projective techniques in clinical practice. A proposal is made for conceptualizing diagnostic assessment as a more integral part of the therapeutic process. PMID- 1104802 TI - Professional training, psychodiagnostic skill, and kinetic family drawings. AB - On the basis of Kinetic Family Drawings, doctoral level clinicians, predoctoral interns, and hospital secretaries judged 36 children to be normal or disturbed and indicated their degree of confidence in each rating. The groups were not found to differ in overall diagnostic accuracy or in degree of confidence, but professional training level did appear related to the ability to better a chance level of performance. The performance of a KFD expert was no better than the mean performance of judges in the three experimental groups. PMID- 1104803 TI - [Studies on heterocyclic compounds. XXVII. Syntheses and antimicrobial activity of 5-nitro-3,4-diphenyl-2-furaldehyde and it's derivatives (4) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1104804 TI - [Studies on the mechanisms of bactericidal action of hydrogen peroxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 1104805 TI - Chloroquine resistance in malaria: variations of substrate-stimulated chloroquine accumulation. AB - The response of [14C]chloroquine accumulation to the provision of substrate was evaluated using washed erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei CS (chloroquine-susceptible), with P. berghei CR (chloroquine-resistant), with Plasmodium vinckei CS, with P. vinckei CR, or with a strain of P. berghei spontaneously resistant to chloroquine, Plasmodium berghei yoelii 17X. Erythrocytes infected with chloroquine-resistant parasites had a blunted response, particularly to low glucose concentrations. In the presence of 0.5 mM glucose in one set of experiments, for example, chloroquine accumulation increased by a factor of 8 in erythrocytes infected with P. berghei CS whereas there was no increase in erythrocytes infected with P. berghei CR or with P. berghei yoelii 17X; the difference between P. vinckei CS and P. vinckei CR was less dramatic. In every case except for P. berghei CR, the process of chloroquine accumulation in the presence of 5 mM glucose exhibited a component which became saturated at low concentrations of chloroquine in the medium. For P. berghei CR, plotting steady-state accumulation of chloroquine as a function of the concentration of chloroquine in the medium yielded a sigmoid curve, revealing that higher concentrations of chloroquine (above 100 mM) somehow relieve the blunted response to glucose and suggesting that the variation is in the process of accumulation rather than in substrate utilization. PMID- 1104806 TI - Guide to NAPNES state associations of licensed practical/vocational nurses and state boards of nursing for LP/VNs. PMID- 1104807 TI - Precious gems--early medicine for the rich. PMID- 1104808 TI - A study of posterior palatal seals with varying palatal forms. AB - A study was carried out to determine the depth and width of posterior palatal seals in different shapes of palates. Four different methods of developing the posterior palatal seal were utilized on each patient. The width of the posterior palatal seal area was compared with original models which were produced by plaster impressions. PMID- 1104809 TI - Prosthetic implications of Eagle's syndrome. AB - Eagle's syndrome can produce symptoms that may be easily confused with those resulting from wearing a prosthetic restoration. The symptoms resulting from elongated styloid processes and methods of diagnosis and treatment of these processes were described. A patient with Eagle's syndrome has been presented. The symptoms were initially suspected to be due to an ill-fitting mandibular removable partial denture. Further clinical and radiographic examination led to the diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome, and surgical correction was done. The prosthodontist should consider surgery as a possible treatment when the symptoms of the syndrome cannot be attributed to a prosthetic restoration. Various radiographic projections and panoramic radiography are valuable in confirming the presence of a calcified stylohyoid ligament or an elongated styloid process. PMID- 1104810 TI - Phonetic considerations of chromium alloy palates for complete dentures. AB - Two useful approaches for the construction of dentures with a chromium alloy palate have been described. The phonetic considerations were recognized, and allowances were made for their vital role when determining the palatal contours of both the metal and plastic portions of the denture base. PMID- 1104811 TI - Variations in a removable maxillary partial denture design by dentists. AB - Fifty-seven different removable partial denture designs for a patient were submitted by 57 dentists. Many designs were adequate to provide true health service for the patient. Others, however, could prove detrimental if worn by the patient. Dentists should be concerned with partial denture design if patients are to have prostheses that are functional and compatible with the oral environment. PMID- 1104812 TI - Restoration of teeth with subgingival and subosseous fractures. AB - Subgingival and subosseous fractured teeth may be repaired and should continue to function if treated by use of sound restorative techniques. Three recommendations are offered. The fractured tooth segment should be used to make a custom matrix. Minor gingival surgery will aid in gaining access to a subgingival margin. Amalgam is well tolerated and may be used subgingivally. PMID- 1104814 TI - American Board of Prosthodontics. PMID- 1104813 TI - A histologic assessment of low-torque, ultrahigh-speed cutting technique. PMID- 1104815 TI - Conceptual validity of a phenomenological classification of psychiatric patients. PMID- 1104816 TI - Children's schemata of man and woman: a comparison with the schemata of heterosexual and homosexual populations. AB - The present study was designed to examine the man-woman schemata employed by children and compare them with those used by different sexually mature populations. A central hypothesis of the investigation was that the frequency with which children use various male-female schemata more closely resembles the frequency with which homosexuals use these schemata than either group resembles the pattern pervasive in mature heterosexual populations. The Ss were 70 white boys and 70 white girls in the fourth grade of large urban public schools. The task was the free placement of figures cut from felt on a flannel board. One group of figures contained a man, a woman, and two rectangles, while the other group consisted of two man figures and two woman figures. The schemata employed by the children in their figure arrangements were significantly different from those of adult heterosexuals and resembled those of adult homosexuals. The discussion includes the consideration of a "bracketing schema" that is employed far more often by adult heterosexuals than it is by children or homosexuals. PMID- 1104817 TI - Serum proteins promoting [3H]thymidine uptake by Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi (Chagas) in vitro. AB - Five proteins capable of stimulating [3H]thymidine uptake by Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro were isolated from fetal calf serum by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and ion exchange column chromatography. The proteins were partially characterized by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis, and SDS electrophoresis. As estimated by SDS electrophoresis, using 4 standards, the molecular weight of protein 1 was 100,000, that of protein 2 was 76,000, and that of proteins 3-5 was 68,000 daltons. PMID- 1104818 TI - Psychological characteristics related to coronary heart disease. PMID- 1104819 TI - The effect of husband participation on reported pain and probability of medication during labor and birth. PMID- 1104820 TI - Ethical problems in the management of myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus. The Milroy Lecture 1975. AB - Within the last generation the application of major advances in drug therapy, intensive care, transfusion techniques, surgery, anaesthesia, and radiotherapy, together with a vast expansion of knowledge due to increased investigative facilities, have led to an unprecedented, dramatic and beneficial increase in the number of persons who would previously have died, or lived with severe handicaps, but can now be cured. Techniques have also been developed to prolong the lives of many people who are now able to enjoy several extra years of productive and meaningful existence, and to alleviate and improve the quality of life of many seriously handicapped persons, enabling them to become integrated as useful and contented members of the community. Choosing from numerous examples of paediatric experience, it is notable that many more extremely premature infants now survive without physical or intellectual damage; infection can almost always be cured, including neonatal and all other forms of pyogenic meningitis and the now rare cases of tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. The few remaining new cases of Rh-haemolytic disease are also readily cured. There are outstanding successes in the treatment of childhood malignancy. Paediatric surgery has made great strides. The prognosis of congenital heart disease, of obstructions of the alimentary canal and many other conditions has improved beyond recognition. Unfortunately, the indiscriminate use of advanced techniques of all types has also kept alive those who would have died but now live with distressing physical or mental handicaps or both, often for many years, without hope of ever having an independent existence compatible with human dignity. There are many examples, including those who have sustained major brain or spinal cord injuries. PMID- 1104821 TI - The care of the patient with coronary heart disease. Report of a Joint Working Party of the Royal College of Physicians of London and the British Cardiac Society. PMID- 1104822 TI - Thromboelastographic studies with low-dose heparin. PMID- 1104823 TI - In memoriam. Douglas James Guthrie. (Dlitt md frcse frcpe frse) (1885-1975). PMID- 1104824 TI - A case of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) treated with continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP). PMID- 1104825 TI - Review of thirty years study of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. II. Biological effects. D. Leukemia and related disorders. PMID- 1104826 TI - Marie Stopes Memorial Lecture 1975. The compulsory pregnancy lobby--then and now. PMID- 1104827 TI - Unusal signs and symptoms associated with oral contraceptive medication. AB - A review of medical literature concerning case history reports of adverse clinical manifestations of hormonal contraceptives is presented. While extremely rare, these side-effects often present with obscure etiology, and the physician is cautioned to be aware of their occurrence. PMID- 1104828 TI - Screening obstetric out-patients for bacteriuria. AB - Two hundred urine samples were obtained at the out-patient Obstetric-Gynecology Clinic, Loyola University Medical Center, from women in various stages of pregnancy. The specimens were screened for bacteriuria using a new dehydrated and miniaturized culture medium and the results compared with standard agar cultures. Of the urines examined, 6.5% proved to be bacteriuruic (greater than 10(5) organisms/ml) based on agar cultures; results from the new culture method correlated well, yielding 11 true positives versus 13 from the agar plate and only 2 false positives in 200. PMID- 1104829 TI - Estimation of RES phagocytosis and catabolism in man by the use of 125I-labeled microaggregates of human serum albumin. PMID- 1104830 TI - Antimalarials. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of 1-(4-methoxycinnamoyl)-4-(5 phenyl-4-oxo-2-oxazolin-2-yl)piperazine and derivatives. AB - The preparation and activity against Plasmodium berghei of derivatives of 1-(4 methoxycinnamoyl)-4-(5-phenyl-4-oxo-2-oxazolin-2-yl)piperazine are described. Replacement of the cinnamoyl group was accomplished by acylation or alkylation of 1-(5-phenyl-4-oxo-2-oxazolin-2-yl)piperazine. Modifications of the 5-phenyl group were prepared either by a sequence of reactions involving mandelic ester-pemoline piperazine pemoline or by the reaction of 5-aryl-2-thio-2,4-oxazolidinedione with piperazine or N-substituted piperazines. In a similar manner, pemoline was allowed to react with N-arylpiperazine, hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepine, and 2,6 dimethylpiperazine to provide N-arylpiperazine pemoline derivatives and variations in the piperazine moiety. Several compounds in which the 2-oxazolin-4 one ring was replaced with other heterocyclic rings were prepared as were several open-chain analogs. Five compounds (three of them substituted in the para position of the 5-phenyl group and two N-arylpiperazine pemoline derivatives) were found to be active against Plasmodium berghei. The remaining active compound possessed changes in the cinnamoyl group and substitution on the 5-phenyl group. PMID- 1104831 TI - Antimalarials. 3. 3-Substituted 1-naphthalenemethanols. AB - The synthesis and antimalarial activity of 22 3-substituted 1 naphthalenemethanols whose substitution was patterned after the antimalarial 2 substituted 4-quinolinemethanols are described. The compounds were active against Plasmodium berghei in mice, the most active being 6-chloro-alpha (dibutylaminomethyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-naphthalenemethanol hydrochloride (3b). The naphthalenemethanols tested, 1b and 2b, were not photosensitizing to albino mice. Structure-activity relationships between the naphthalene and quinoline isosteres are discussed. PMID- 1104832 TI - Antimalarials. 10. Substituted 3-halo- and 3-methoxy-2-aryl-4-quinoline(di-n butylaminomethyl)methanols. AB - Four 2-aryl-4-quinoline(di-n-butylaminomethyl)methanols with Br, Cl, F, or OMe in position 3 were synthesized by modifications of standard reactions. The antimalarial activity decreased with increased size of the 3-substituent. The 3-F 4',6,8-Cl3 compound was the most active (at 2.5 mg/kg) and was completely curative at 80 mg/kg against P. berghei in mice. PMID- 1104833 TI - Antagonism of luteinizing hormone release and of ovulation by an analog of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Two varients of LH-RH, less than Glu-D-Phe-Trp-D-Ala-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 (I) and less than Glu-D-Phe-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ala-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHCH2CH3 (II), have been synthesized by solid-phase methods. Both peptides strongly inhibit the LH-RH induced secretion of LH in an in vitro assay; however, only I proved effective in preventing ovulation in the 4-day cycling rat. PMID- 1104834 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Antiovulatory activity of analogs substituted in positions 2 and 6. AB - Ten analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) substituted in position 2 with D-amino acids and at 6 with either a D-amino acid or a nonasymmetric amino acid were synthesized by solid-phase methodology and assayed for antiovulatory activity. [D-Phe2]-LH-RH substituted in the 6 position with D Ala, D-Leu, D-Arg, D-(Ph)Gly, D-Phe, or 2-Me-Ala possessed varying degrees of antiovulatory activity. [D-p-F-Phe2-D-Ala6]-LH-RH was one of the most active antiovulatory compounds, while the [D-p-Cl-Phe2-D-Ala6]-LH-RH analog was devoid of activity at a comparable dose. PMID- 1104835 TI - Insect growth regulating agents for control of arthropods of medical and veterinary importance. PMID- 1104836 TI - Medical academe and the problems of primary care. PMID- 1104837 TI - Comparison of membrane organization in mitochondria from yeast and rat liver by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Proton magnetic resonance (PMR) and carbon-13 magnetic resonance (CMR) spectra of intact, unsonicated yeast and rat liver motochondria show differences which may be correlated with the composition of the membranes. High resolution PMR and CMR signals in intact yeast mitochondria have been assigned to regions of fluid lipid lipid interaction on the basis of spectra of extracted lipid and protein, and the temperature dependence of NMR signals from the intact membrane. PMR spectra suggest that about 20% of total yeast phospholipid is in regions where both intramolecular fatty acid chain mobility and lateral diffusion of entire phospholipid molecules are possible. No such regions apear to exist in rat liver mitochondria. For both yeast and rat liver mitochondria, comparison of PMR and CMR spectra suggests that about 50% of phospholipid appears to be in regions where intramolecular fatty acid chain motion is considerable, but lateral diffusion is restricted. The remaining phospholipid appears to have little inter- or intramolecular mobility. Since NMR observation of lipid extracts from membranes indicates that phospholipid-sterol interactions do not account for the spectra of intact mitochondria, these effects are interpreted in terms of extensive lipid-protein interactions. PMID- 1104838 TI - Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of promitochondrial membranes from yeast grown under different regimes of lipid supplementation. AB - Promitochondrial membranes, prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown anaerobically under different conditions of lipid supplementation, have been examined by PMR spectroscopy. Promitochondria from cells cultured anaerobically in media containing both unsaturated fatty acid and sterol supplements, or containing unsaturated fatty acid alone, yield high resolution spectra similar to those which are characteristic of aerobic mitochondria. By contrast, promitochondrial membranes from cells grown only with sterol supplementation in order to deplete unsaturated fatty acid and total phospholipid content of the organelles, yielded PMR spectra which were very substantially broadened. These spectra are similar to those obtained with rat liver mitochondria. PMR spectra of promitochondria from each cell type dispersed in trifluoroacetic acid, or of extracted lipids or residual proteins similarly dispersed, were different only in detail. It appears, therefore, that in the native state membranes of unsaturated fatty acid-depleted promitochondria are structurally different from promitochondria of the other two cell types. The difference may be a consequence of altered lipid-to-protein ratios, and thus of changes in the extent of lipid domain formation in the membranes of these organelles. PMID- 1104839 TI - Topological formulation of finger-tip patterns: comparison of complete and incomplete 21 trisomics with normal subjects. AB - Description of the topological formulation of finger-print patterns is given and illustrated by examples. In particular, the way of setting up a dictionary of total finger pattern types for the two hands separately and combined is explained. Samples of 302 normal individuals, 225 complete 21-trisomics and 173 incomplete 21-trisomics are analysed here using this method. The frequencies of the commonest total finger pattern types are compared in the three groups, using dictionaries, in which all the formulae have been listed. The mean values of radial and ulnar components for each pair of homologous fingers separately are also compared. The method is recommended for comparisons of populations, particularly if the use of a computer is expected; it can also be helpful in evaluating the total finger pattern type of any individual, in terms of the probability of belonging to one population or another, particularly if the total palmar and sole pattern types can be compared as well. Some limitations of the method from a statistical point of view are also discussed. PMID- 1104840 TI - Aversion for the treatment of self-injurious behaviour. PMID- 1104841 TI - What's new in burns? PMID- 1104842 TI - Combined early approach to closure of large meningomyelocele. PMID- 1104843 TI - The old barracks at Trenton: Military Hospital of the revolution. PMID- 1104844 TI - Remarks on New Jersey's contribution to medicine. PMID- 1104845 TI - Prominent medicine convenes at Lumberton, 1887. PMID- 1104846 TI - A 19th century odyssey. Dr. Charles Conrad Abbott's search for primitive man in New Jersey. PMID- 1104847 TI - State responsibility for care of the mentally ill. PMID- 1104848 TI - Infant mortality, Dr. Henry Dwight Chapin, and the Speedwell Society 1890-1920. PMID- 1104849 TI - Bone graft reconstruction of the skull. PMID- 1104851 TI - Immersion fixation of rapidly frozen, untreated tissues and suspensions of cells including spermatozoa. AB - Small pieces of tissue, and cell suspensions in plastic artificial insemination (AI) 'straws', were frozen rapidly in Freon-12 at -155 degrees C, without pre treatment. Peripheral fragments were thawed directly in 2% glutaraldehyde at 0 degrees C, and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Preservation of ultrastructure was satisfactory, and freezing artifacts were minimal. PMID- 1104850 TI - Electron microscopy of critical point dried whole cultured cells. AB - To determine the overall fine structure of whole, unsectioned cells, cells from rat embryos were cultured on Formvar, glutaraldehyde/osmium-fixed, transferred to grids, dehypdrated, critical point dried, then examined by transmission electron microscopy at either 80 or 1000 kV. In contrast to air-dried material, critical point dried cells revealed each component clearly and with excellent contrast. All normal cytoplasmic structures (including coated vesicles, polyribosomes, microtubules and other fine components) were readily identifiable. Extensive structures such as microtubules and the endoplasmic reticulum (which appear fragmented in sections) were well displayed. At 1000 kV the beam readily penetrated even the thick nuclear and perinuclear cell regions and produced exceptionally crisp images. The methods described provide a simplified approach to the study of overall cell fine structure. PMID- 1104852 TI - New techniques for the preparation of uniform layers of nuclear emulsions for use in micro-autoradiography. AB - A procedure is described whereby liquid emulsion can be used to coat glass coverslips to produce films of emulsion suitable for quantitative evaluation of grain density in micro-autoradiographs. Any thickness of emulsion layer can be produced from 3 mum upwards, depending on the volume and dilution of the emulsion dispensed. The uniformity and reproducibility of the films have been tested by observing light transmission of undeveloped preparations using a microscope photometer. PMID- 1104853 TI - Microscopic tracing of deuterium. AB - The development of the ion microprobe analyser has made it possible to follow stable isotopes with microscopic resolution in biological and other materials. An ion microprobe using an oxygen primary beam has been found to produce relatively few mass 2 ions (+ or -) on organic samples. This technique should permit the use of deuterium as a practical tracer with a resolution of about 1 mum in the plane of the section and 2 nm in the depth dimension with available instruments. PMID- 1104854 TI - Removal of glass coverslips from cultures flat embedded in epoxy resins using hydrofluoric acid. AB - A technique is described which the glass coverslip of a culture, flat embedded in epoxy resins can be removed easily using hydrofluoric acid. Removal by this method leaves the surface of the resin quite smooth and suitable for subsequent thin or ultrathin sectioning for electron microscopy. PMID- 1104855 TI - The myofibrillar M-band in the cryo-section-analysis of section thickness. AB - Information regarding the formation and the thickness of cryo-sections is of importance for an adequate interpretation of cryo-sectioned biological material. In this study we have taken advantage of the regular arrangement of filaments in myofibrils in an analysis of these matters. It is concluded that the sections are formed partly by fracturing in a way similar to that visualized in replicas made by the freeze-fracturing and -etching procedure. PMID- 1104856 TI - A container for processing small volumes of cell suspensions for critical point drying. AB - The attachment of lymphocytes to glass or filters, in order to facilitate handling for processing prior to scanning electron microscopy, may introduce artefacts in surface topography. A container has therefore been adapted, from an embedding capsule, for the preparation of small volumes of cell suspensions. PMID- 1104857 TI - Changes in handling pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 1104858 TI - The criteria manual of the Mississippi Professional Standards Review Organization. PMID- 1104859 TI - Dr. Samuel Van Dyke: member first Mississippi State Board of Health. PMID- 1104860 TI - The role of replication proteins in the regulation of bacteriophage T4 transcription. I. Gene 45 and hydroxymethyl-C-containing DNA. PMID- 1104861 TI - Design of a system of conditional lethal mutations (tab/k/com) affecting protein protein interactions in bacteriophage T4-infected Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104862 TI - Host mutant (tabD)-induced inhibition of bacteriophage T4 late transcription. II. Genetic characterization of mutants. PMID- 1104863 TI - Structure of straight flagellar filaments from a mutant of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104864 TI - Mechanism of DNA chain growth. XV. RNA-linked nascent DNA pieces in Escherichia coli strains assayed with spleen exonuclease. PMID- 1104865 TI - Petit lambda, a family of particles from coliphage lambda infected cells. PMID- 1104866 TI - Turnover in bacterial DNA containing thymine or 5-bromouracil. PMID- 1104867 TI - F factor-mediated inhibition of bacteriophage T7 growth: analysis of T7 RNA and protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro using male and female Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104868 TI - F factor-mediated inhibition of bacteriophage T7 growth: increased membrane permeability and decreased ATP levels following T7 infection of male Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104869 TI - Translational Mapping of Bacteriophage T7 RNAs synthesized in vitro by purified T7 RNA polymerase. PMID- 1104870 TI - Conformational transitions in the Escherichia coli chromosome: analysis by viscometry and sedimentation. PMID- 1104871 TI - Mechanism of action of Salmonella phage P22 antirepressor. PMID- 1104872 TI - The distribution of half-cystine in the ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104873 TI - In vitro packaging of covalently closed circular monomers of bacteriophage DNA. PMID- 1104874 TI - Differential effect of phage regulator functions on transcription from various promoters: evidence that the P22 gene 24 and the lambda gene N products distinguish three classes of promoters. PMID- 1104875 TI - Phage lambda receptor chromosomes for DNA fragments made with restriction endonuclease III of Haemophilus influenzae and restriction endonuclease I of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104876 TI - The sensitivity of bacteriophage lambda DNA to restriction endonuclease RII. PMID- 1104877 TI - The origin of nascent single-stranded fragments in replicating TM DNA. PMID- 1104878 TI - Process of cellular division in Escherichia coli: differention of growth zones in the Sacculus. PMID- 1104879 TI - Repair of pyrimidine dimers in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of yeast irradiated with low doses of ultraviolet light. PMID- 1104880 TI - Direction of transcription of two ribosomal protein genes in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1104881 TI - Mutagenic topography of the E. coli chromosome. AB - The lactose fermenting genes in E. coli have been transposed to various chromosomal locations. The bacterial strains were mutagenized with different chemical mutagens and the frequency of Lac negative mutant colonies was measured as a function of lactose gene location in the chromosome. There appears to be a highly mutable location between 58-60 minutes on the E. coli map. This region does not appear to be correlated with the origin of DNA replication or with the terminus. The possible significance of this mutable region in the evolution of new bacterial genes is discussed. PMID- 1104882 TI - The development of education in dental public health in the United States of America. PMID- 1104883 TI - Application of immunological principles in dermatology. PMID- 1104884 TI - Mazique 1975 NMA Distinguished Service Medalist. PMID- 1104885 TI - Brooks receives 1975 General Practitioner of the Year Award. PMID- 1104886 TI - The president-elect: Arthur Haywood Colemean, M.D., LL.B. PMID- 1104887 TI - John Talmage Givens, M.D., 1890-. PMID- 1104888 TI - Ipsilateral lower extremity flaps in children. AB - A technique utilizing an ipsilateral thigh or buttock flap in children is described. Its advantages are the ease with which the patients ambulate and the extremely good tolerance of this position, as well as the placement of the donor scar sufficiently high to enable it to be hidden under most clothing. PMID- 1104889 TI - Hemodynamic alterations with positive end-expiratory pressure: the contribution of the pulmonary vasculature. AB - The hemodynamic responses to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation have been evaluated. A rise in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure which follows the use of PEEP may not reflect changes in left atrial pressure and may be associated with a fall in cardiac output. This increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure suggests that there is a high resistance to flow in the pulmonary circulation and that a lower level of PEEP should be used. PMID- 1104890 TI - Breast feeding in Brazil. PMID- 1104891 TI - F-Factor-mediated restriction of bacteriophage T7: synthesis of RNA and protein in T7-infected Escherichia coli F- and F+ cells. AB - Bacteriophage T7 is unable to productively infect Escherichia coli strains carrying the sex factor F. T7 phage development, in terms of RNA and protein synthesis, was compared in T7-infected isogenic F- and F+ strains of E. coli. Slightly less T7 early mRNA and early protein were synthesized in F+ cells. In addition to the defect in T7 late protein production in F+ cells reported by others, significantly less T7 late mRNA was synthesized, about one-half of that produced in T7-infected F- cells. Moreover, host RNA synthesis was not completely inhibited. The protein-synthesizing ability of T7-infected F+ cells decayed much faster than that of F- cells both in vivo and in vitro. This faster decay appears to explain the failure of F+ cells to produce T7 late protein in vivo, even in the presence of a considerable amount of translatable T7 late mRNA. Therefore, it may not be necessary to postulate the involvement of specific translational discrimination against T7 late mRNA, although it appears that F-factor-mediated restriction of T7 involves changes in transcription as well as translation. PMID- 1104892 TI - F-Factor-mediated restriction of bacteriophage T7: protein synthesis in cell-free systems from T7-infected Escherichia coli F- and F+ cells. AB - A characteristic phenomenon in the F-factor-mediated inhibition of T7 phage is a virtual absence of T7 late protein synthesis in T7-infected Escherichia coli male cells, in spite of the presence of T7 late mRNA which is translatable in vitro when isolated from the cell. To determine whether the translational defect in T7 infected F+ cells is due to a T7 late mRNA-specific translational block, or to a general decrease of F+ cell translational activity, we compared the activities of cell-free, protein-synthesizing systems prepared from isogenic F- and F+ cells harvested at different times of T7 infection. The cell-free systems from uninfected F- and F+ cells translated T7late mRNA equally as well as MS2 RNA and T7early mRNA. The activity of cell-free systems from T7-infected F+ cells to translate MS2 RAN, T7 early mRNA, and T7 late mRNA decreased concomitantly at a much faster rate than that of T7-infected F- cells. Therefore, the abortive infection of F+ cells by T7 does not result from a T7 late mRNA-specific translational inhibition, although a general reduction of the translational activity appears to be a major factor for the inability of the F+ cells to produce a sufficient amount of T7 late proteins. PMID- 1104893 TI - Bacteriophage P22 virion protein which performs an essential early function. I. Analysis of 16-ts mutants. AB - The product of gene 16 of phage P22, P16, is a head protein. P16 does not play an essential role in phage assembly since particles formed without this protein appear normal by electron microscopy examination (Botstein et al., 1973). P16 is essential when the particle infects a cell in the following cycle of infection (Botstein et al., 1973; King et al., 1973). We have characterized a mutant of P22 carrying a temperature-sensitive allele of gene 16. This mutant has previously been referred to as P22 25-ts (Levine et al., 1970, 1972) and P22 X-ts (Bezdek and Soska, 1970, 1973). P22 16-ts behaves as an early mutant at the nonpermissive temperature. Temperature shift experiments show that P16 of the infecting virion acts within the first 10 min at 25 C and that gene 16 product is required late in the latent period for incorporation into infectious phage. Induction does not require P16 for the production of particles. Particles produced either in a P22 16-ts thermal shift-up infection or after induction of 16-ts lysogens at 41 C are missing P16 and are, therefore, defective. P16 in P22 16-ts virions formed at the permissive temperature appears to be heat labile; it is inactivated after infection at 41 C. A simple assay for defective particles based on a complementation test is described. PMID- 1104895 TI - Nuclear polyhedrosis virus detection: relative capabilities of clones developed from Trichoplusia ni ovarian cell line TN-368 to serve as indicator cells in a plaque assay. AB - Cloned cell lines from the established Trichoplusia ni line TN-368 appear to differ from one another in their relative capabilities to serve as plaque assay indicator cell lines for Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Although there seems to be little correlation between their relative generation times and their efficiency in supporting plaque formation as indicator cell lines, there does seem to be a relationship within a given line between its capability to serve as an indicator and its phase of growth as a population; i.e., lag, logarithmic, or stationary. Both the parent line and clone 10 were more efficient indicators when they were in the logarithmic phase of growth than when in either the lag or stationary phases. Also, there appears to be a rough correlation between the capability of a given clone to serve as an indicator and the rate at which polyhedra first appear in the nuclei of the infected cells, with the best indicators producing polyhedra first. Increased incubation time has no effect on equalizing the plaque assay results for the less efficient clones. It was observed, also, that those clones that are the least efficient as plaque assay indicators produce the most external PFU per cell. PMID- 1104894 TI - Bacteriophage P22 virion protein which performs an essential early function. II. Characterization of the gene 16 function. AB - P16 is a virion protein and, as such, is incorporated into the phage head as a step in morphogenesis. The role of P16 in assembly is not essential since particles are formed without this protein which appear normal by electron microscopy. P16 is essential when the particle infects a cell in the following cycle of infection. In the absence of functional P16, the infection does not appear to proceed beyond release of phage DNA from the capsid. No known genes are expressed, no DNA is transcribed, and the host cell survives the infection, continuing to grow and divide normally. The P16 function is required only during infection for the expression of phage functions. Induction in the absence of P16 proceeds with the expression of early and late genes and results in particle formation. P16 must be incorporated during morphogenesis into progeny particles after both infection and induction for the progeny to be infectious. The P16 function is necessary for transduction as well as for infection. Its activity is independent of new protein synthesis and it is not under immunity control. P16 can act in trans, but appears to act preferentially on the phage or phage DNA with which it is packaged. The data from complementation studies are compatible with P16 release from the capsid with the phage DNA. In the absence of P16 the infection is blocked, but the phage genome is not degraded. The various roles which have been ruled out for P16 are: (i) an early regulatory function, (ii) an enzymatic activity necessary for phage production, (iii) protection of phage DNA from host degradation enzymes, (iv) any generalized alteration of the host cell, (v) binding parental DNA to the replication complex, and (vi) any direct involvement in the replication of P22 DNA. P16 can be responsible for: (i) complete release of the DNA and disengagement from the capsid, (ii) bringing the released DNA to some necessary cell site or compartment such as the cytoplasm, (iii) removal of other virion proteins from the injected DNA, and (iv) alterations of the structure of the injected DNA. PMID- 1104896 TI - Chemical stability of bacteriophage T7 early mRNA. AB - T7 early mRNA produced by a gene 1 amber mutant phage, T7 am27, is chemically stable interms of acid insolubility and T7 DNA hybridizability. However, the messenger activity of individual T7 early mRNA species, transcripts of gene 1, gene 0.7, and gene 1.3, decay with a half-life of about 6.5 min at 30 C. An extensive secondary structure is present in all T7 early mRNA species and is probably responsible for the chemical stability of the RNAs after the loss of functional activity. It is unlikely that ribosomes protect T7 early mRNA from nucleolytic degradation. PMID- 1104897 TI - Radionuclides in the diagnosis of suprarenal masses. PMID- 1104898 TI - Accurate determination of renal function by renal histography without collection of blood or urine. II. Correlation of the renal histogram and renal function. PMID- 1104899 TI - Radiation nephritis: a review. AB - Radiation nephritis is a process of necrosis, atrophy and sclerosis that follows exposure of the kidney to ionizing radiation. Experimental studies with electron microscopy demonstrate that this process begins as degeneration of the glomerular endothelium and the tubular epithelium, and their basement membranes, leading to collapse of these structures and the development of interstitial fibrosis. Rather late and complicating events are necrosis and thrombosis of arteries and arterioles, contributing to the destruction of the renal parenchyma. The process is the same with large doses (5,000 to 10,000 rads) and with medium doses (1,000 to 3,000 rads), the only difference being the extent and the speed with which the lesions develop and the frequency of arterial necrosis. PMID- 1104900 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic carcinoma with cyclophosphamide or 5 fluorouracil: results of first national randomized study. AB - The National Prostatic Cancer Project has randomized this study for endocrine resistant prostatic cancer patients for treatment with standard hormonal or other therapies compared to 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide. Both agents were found at the probability level of 0.05 to have a significant advantage over standard treatment in terms of objective response, subjective improvement and minimal toxicity. Additional chemotherapy protocols are currently under way. This randomized trial is the first report of such a national study completed to date. We are much encouraged by this program and believe that additional agents now under consideration will provide additionally encouraging results. PMID- 1104901 TI - Rene Descartes (1596-1650). PMID- 1104902 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis in and about the kidney. PMID- 1104903 TI - Letter: Rabies prophylaxis. PMID- 1104904 TI - Accredited sponsors of continuing medical education. PMID- 1104905 TI - Letter: Charles A. Lindbergh: medical scientist. PMID- 1104906 TI - Adamantios Korais. PMID- 1104907 TI - Polymyositis and toxoplasmosis. PMID- 1104908 TI - Letter: More on the first pneumonectomy. PMID- 1104909 TI - The ebb and flow of infection. PMID- 1104910 TI - A quarter century of nursing education in Jamaica. PMID- 1104911 TI - [Dopamin beta-hydroxylase (DBH)]. PMID- 1104912 TI - [Studies on the disc method for the determination of bacterial sensitivity to sulfobenzylpenicillin (author's transl)]. AB - The MIC''s of sulfobenzylpenicillin (SB-PC) were determined by the two-fold serial agar-dilution method for 108 bacterial strains of 21 species. The diameters of inhibition zones of these bacterial strains by the 30 mug and 200 mug SB-PC discs were also measured. The relation between the MIC and the diameter of the inhibition zone was found to be expressed as a primary regression line in all cases of the conventional method (cultured for about 16 hours), delayed assay method (cultured for about 24 hours) and rapid methods (5 to approximately 6 hours and 3 to approximately 4 hours culture m ethods). Thus, it was confirmed that the single-disc method can be employed for the susceptibility test of SB-PC. Subsequently, variations of MICs obtained by the disc-diffusion method were compared with those obtained by the serial agar-dilution method. PMID- 1104913 TI - [In vitro examination on antibacterial activities of broad-spectrum antibiotics against gram-negative clinical isolates (author's transl)]. AB - In vitro studies were undertaken on clinically isolated strains of various bacteria to examine the antibacterial activity of ampicillin (AB-PC), carbenicillin (CB-PC), sulbenicillin (SB-PC) cephalothin (CET), cefazolin (CEZ) and gentamicin (GM). Fifty three % of Escherichia coli strains 53.3% of Citrobacter sp., 80% of Proteus mirabilis, 42.9% of Morganella and 80% of Bacteroides sp. were susceptible (MIC being not higher than 12.5 mug/ml) to AB PC. The eight other species were not so susceptible to this penicillin. CB-PC and SB-PC were almost as effective as AB-PC against Escherichia coli and Citrobacter sp. They were less active against Klebsiella sp., but more active against Enterobacter sp., Serratia sp., indole-positive Proteus group and Pseudomonas sp. than AB-PC, SB-PC was more effective than CB-PC against Pseudomonas sp. The strains of Pseudomonas sp. which were resistant to higher concentrations of CB-PC and SB-PC were pyocyanine-negative strains. All strains (100%) of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Citrobacter sp. were susceptible to CET and CEZ, while none of Enterobacter sp. , Serratia sp., Proteus vulgaris. Morganella, Rettgerella, Providencia and Pseudomonas sp. were susceptible to these cephalosporins. The MICs of CET and CEZ against Bacteroides sp. were moderately low. Some strains of Providencia and Alkaligenes sp. were resistant of GM but the other 10 species were not resistant to this antibiotic, though it showed comparatively high MICs against Bacteroides sp. When seen from the MIC distribution of each antibiotic, there was a tendency that the strains isolated from the pus were more resistant than those isolated from the other sources (urine, sputum and bile). PMID- 1104914 TI - [Sensitivity of bacteria inducing urinary infections to 3 drugs (amoxicillin, ampicillin and cephalexin) and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin (author's transl)]. AB - MIC of amoxicillin (AMPC), ampicillin (ABPC) and cephalexin (CEX) against bacteria detected from the patients suffering from urinary infections was determined and the clinical efficacy of AMPC was examined. As the result of determining MIC of AMPC against the detected Escherichia coli, 85.4% showed the value of less than 6.25 mcg/ml. AMPC and ABPC seem to be well correlated with each other regarding MIC, and AMPC showed 1 approximately to 2 stage lower concentration than CEX. In connection to clinical efficacy of AMPC, the oral administration at a daily dose of 750 mg gave the effectiveness rate of 92.5%. Few side effects were caused by administering AMPC and this is an excellent drug for healing acute simple urinary infections. PMID- 1104915 TI - [Literature on antibiotics in Japan, CXXXVIII]. PMID- 1104916 TI - [Foreign literature on antibiotics, CXII]. PMID- 1104917 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Yusen Asai]. PMID- 1104918 TI - [Immunological responses to cultural filtrates in guinea pigs sensitized to Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans]. PMID- 1104919 TI - [Adjuvant action of capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on antibody response--the role of adjuvant in initiation and amplification of the antibody forming system]. PMID- 1104920 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to capsular polysaccharides of Klebsiella pneumonia]. PMID- 1104921 TI - [Contractile function of the heart. Physiological evaluation of myocardial contraction]. PMID- 1104922 TI - [Memories of the late Dr. Yasuhiko Asahina]. PMID- 1104924 TI - [Ayurveda. Caraka Samhita (1)]. PMID- 1104923 TI - [DNA-immune complex]. PMID- 1104925 TI - [Introduction to the theories of computerized diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 1104926 TI - [Classification of computer aided diagnosis (CAD)]. PMID- 1104927 TI - [Histopathological diagnosis of virus disease--diagnostic application of fluorescent antibody technics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1104928 TI - [Mode of progression in reticulum cell sarcoma and lymphosarcoma and considerations on the value of lymphography]. PMID- 1104929 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observations on the vertically cracked human skin- especially on the point of cell infiltration. Further observations on the infiltrating cells in the skin window method (author's transl)]. PMID- 1104931 TI - [Multivariate analysis in computer diagnosis (1). The present and future]. PMID- 1104930 TI - [Isolation and purification of bile specific protein]. PMID- 1104932 TI - Responses of Clostridium botulinum type B and E progenitor toxins to some clostridial sulfhydryl-dependent proteases. AB - Sulfhydryl-dependent proteases produced by Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and F, Clostridium histolyticum, Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium perfringens activate preferentially type E over type B progenitor toxin but less efficiently than trypsin. The results explain why activable toxin is demonstrable in culture of a strongly proteolytic type B strain. PMID- 1104933 TI - Adjuvant action of capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on antibody response. IV. The roles of antigen and adjuvant for induction of primary and secondary antibody responses and for development of immunological memory to bovine serum albumin. AB - A study was performed to clarify the roles of primary and secondary injections of antigen and adjuvant (capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae, CPS-K) in induction of antibody responses and in the development of immunological memory in mice to bovine serum albumin (BSA). A primary injection of BSA alone neither induced significant primary antibody response nor increased immunological memory for a secondary antibody response but, if primary injections of BSA and CPS-K were performed simultaneously, high antibody responses were induced. Moreover, a prior injection of BSA alone or CPS-K alone decreased the level of primary antibody response and the degree of increase in memory following the subsequent injection of BSA mixed with CPS-K. In contrast, a secondary injection of BSA alone into mice once primed with a mixture of BSA and CPS-K elicited very high secondary type antibody response and increased secondarily the memory for a tertiary antibody response. Injection of CPS-K simultaneously with or shortly before or after the secondary injection of BSA did not increase the level of the secondary antibody response and the degree of the secondary increase in memory. Augmentation of the secondary antibody response was elicited by simultaneous injection of CPS-K only when the secondary response was induced inadequately by a suboptimum or supraoptimum dose of antigen. PMID- 1104934 TI - In vitro reconstitution of anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody response of T cell depleted spleen cells by allogeneic T cells or by factors derived from them. AB - Restoration of the impaired antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in cultures of mouse spleen cells, which were deprived of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) by treatment with anti-mouse brain-associated theta (BA theta) antiserum and complement, was studied by adding a small portion of syngeneic or allogeneic normal spleen cells in vitro. Allogeneic spleen cells had a far greater effect than syngeneic spleen cells on the restoration, as far as the normal spleen cells added were able to recognize the alloantigens on the anti-BA theta serum-treated spleen cells (bone marrow-derived lymphocytes). Treatment of the allogeneic spleen cells with mitomycin C did not affect their activity in the restoration of the impaired antibody response. The possibility that the role of T cells in the antibody response to SRBC may be replaced by a nonspecific mediator derived from T cells reacting with allogeneic cells was proven by the finding that supernatant of the mixed allogeneic spleen cell cultures restored the impaired anti-SRBC antibody response of the T cell-depleted spleen cells. The effect of such culture supernatant on the restoration of the antibody response was greatest when it was added to the T cell-depleted spleen cell cultures one day after cultivation with SRBC, suggesting that the effectiveness may result from triggering of the proliferation and differentiation of antibody-forming cell precursors, which have already reacted with the antigen, to antibody-forming cells. PMID- 1104935 TI - Relation between enhanced antibody responses elicited by adjuvant injection and those elicited by secondary antigenic stimulation. AB - An attempt was made to determine if there is any common mechanism in the enhanced antibody response caused either by injection of adjuvant, such as bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and complexed poly-nucleotides, or by secondary antigenic stimulation. LPS inoculated in mice 4 days before injection of sheep red cells (SRBC) and polyA:U invalidated the adjuvant effect of polyA:U injected together with SRBC, and the hemolysin plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of such mice was similar to that of the mice which received SRBC alone. When mice primed with SRBC 24 days in advance were injected with LPS and 4 days later re-stimulated with SRBC, their PFC response to the secondary stimulation was suppressed to less than one tenth of the normal secondary PFC response. The suppressive effect of LPS on the secondary antibody response was abolished if the serum collected from mice injected with LPS was given to the primed and LPS-injected mice at the time of the secondary antigenic stimulation. From these results we discussed the possibility that some common mediator might play a role in the enhanced antibody response elicited by either adjuvant injection or secondary injection of antigen. PMID- 1104936 TI - Studies of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell culture. II. Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium lepraemurium maintained in mouse foot pad cell culture and interaction of the bacilli with the infected cells. AB - A serially diluted bacterial suspension of the Kurume-42 strain of Mycobacterium lepraemurium maintained for 1255 days in a mouse foot pad (MFP) cell culture was inoculated in mice subcutaneously. The ID50 value was estimated at more than 10.7 and less than 85 organisms, indicating that pathogenicity of the organism had been maintained well in a long-term cell culture. The cells infected and maintained for a long period in the cell culture showed all the stages of cell mitosis. This suggests that the bacterial increase in cell cultures of M. lepraemurium is not only due to rephagocytosis of the bacilli released from the infected cells but also to a constant intracellular growth cycle of the bacilli accompanied by mitosis of the infected cells. In acid phosphatase activity, no appreciable differences were noted between the infected and uninfected cells as far as the present cell culture system was concerned. Most of the bacilli within the cells were ultrastructurally normal. Solid bacilli in phagosomes were surrounded by less electron-dense clear zones. PMID- 1104937 TI - Reduced nitrofuran sensitivity conferred by R factors. PMID- 1104938 TI - Nocardiac from room dust. PMID- 1104939 TI - Chemical and immunological studies on Mycobacterium lepraemurium strain Hawaii cultured on Ogawa's one per cent egg yolk medium. PMID- 1104940 TI - [Visit with a midwife in practice. Midwifery practice and the nursery service run by Mrs Kimie Adachi at Iida-Shi, Nagano Pref]. PMID- 1104941 TI - [A visit with a practicing midwife. 6. Mrs. Kazuko Takeda of Konan-shi, Aichi Pref]. PMID- 1104942 TI - [Historical outline of radiotherapy of cancer]. PMID- 1104943 TI - [In search of unknown nursing literature (5). Nursing literature in 1890's and early 1900]. PMID- 1104944 TI - [In search of unknown nursing literature (6). The nursing literature in early 1900 and the publication by the Japan Red Cross]. PMID- 1104945 TI - [Nursing described in the literature. From the records by the atomic bomb victims (an account by Miss Kiyoko Tanaka)]. PMID- 1104947 TI - [In search of unknown nursing literature (7). Nursing literature used in the Japanese army and navy]. PMID- 1104946 TI - [Interview with Dr. Eleanor C. Lambertsen (Dean of Cornell University Nursing School)]. PMID- 1104948 TI - [Nursing as a field of study. VI. Memo on nursing history]. PMID- 1104949 TI - [Unknown nursing literature. (4). Nursing literature used in the early stage of nursing education in the early 1900]. PMID- 1104950 TI - [Bibliography on general theories of public health nursing]. PMID- 1104951 TI - [Bibliography on general theories on public health nurses and public health nursing]. PMID- 1104952 TI - [Bibliography on various public health nursing activities]. PMID- 1104953 TI - [Bibliography on professional services of public health nursing]. PMID- 1104954 TI - [Bibliography on public health nursing education]. PMID- 1104955 TI - [Bibliography on various statistics concerning public health nursing]. PMID- 1104956 TI - [Role of uniforms in history]. PMID- 1104957 TI - Studies of an end-to-end small intestinal anastomosis using a decalcified bone tube in dogs. PMID- 1104958 TI - [Role of antibody detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody test in the clinical signs of cattle infected with Theileria sergenti]. PMID- 1104959 TI - A tribute to Ruth Young, founding editor. PMID- 1104960 TI - Psychologic aspects of breast cancer: review of the literature. PMID- 1104961 TI - Psychologic considerations in vasectomy: a review of the literature. PMID- 1104962 TI - [25th anniversary of the Scandinavian Midwives' Union]. PMID- 1104963 TI - [Case of heart reticulosarcoma]. PMID- 1104964 TI - [Regulation of the stability of the intravascular fluid volume and the role of natriuretic factor]. PMID- 1104965 TI - Editorial: The primary glomerular filtration barrier--basement membrane or epithelial slits? AB - In 1961, based on results obtained with the particulate tracer ferritin, Farquhar, Wissig and Palade [15] proposed a functional model for the glomerulus and defined a role for each of its components in the filtration process: a) the basement membrane as the main filter; b) the endothelium as a valve, which by the number and size of its fenestrae, controls access to the filter; c) the epithelium as a monitor which partially recovers proteins that leak through the filter; and d) the mesangium which serves to recondition and unclog the filter by incorporating and disposing of filtration residues which accumulate against it. In 1966, based on results obtained with the histochemically demonstrable tracers, horseradish peroxidase and myeloperoxidase, Graham and Karnovsky [24] questioned the basement membrane as the site of the main filter and proposed instead that it functioned as a crude prefilter with the epithelial slits representing the final critical barrier. While the concept of the "two-barriers-in-series" has enjoyed wide acceptance, the validity of certain of the experimental data used to support the original hypothesis has been questioned [23, 29, 37]. In the meantime, additional experimental evidence obtained largely with the use of particulate tracers (especially dextrans [23, 43, 44]), has provided strong support for the concept that the basement membrane acts as the main barrier to the passage of molecules in the same size range as plasma proteins (32, 000 to 125,000 mol wt). With respect to the function of the other layers in filtration, additional new information that has come to light has supported the roles proposed above. Work with both particulate [16, 60] and enzymatic [24, 29] tracers, as well as studies by Michael et al [61, 62] with aggregated serum ablumin, supported the phagocytic (unclogging) function of the mesangium. There is evidence from work with particulate tracers (particularly that with dextrans in nephrotic animals [43, 44]) which supports the monitoring function proposed for the epithelium. Recognizing that their work with histochemically demonstrable tracers may have certain technical limitations, Karnovsky, Ainsworth and Schneeberger [29, 37, 38] have recently taken the position that there is no definitive answer to the question of which structure-basement membrane or epithelial slits-represents the principal filter, and have suggested that more information is needed in order to make such a decision. But, in fact, the bulk of the evidence available at present favors the basement membrane as the primary filtration barrier in the glomerulus. Substantial evidence based on work with electronopaque tracers (including recent studies with dextrans) indicates retention of a variety of tracers by the basement membrane. On the other hand, unequivocal demonstration of retention of any tracer by the slits is still lacking. PMID- 1104966 TI - An ultrastructural study of the mechanisms of proteinuria in aminonucleoside nephrosis. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats injected i.v. with a single dose of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) developed massive proteinuria five days later. Electron microscopic studies of perfusion-fixed glomeruli showed that loss of epithelial foot processes and their replacement by flattened expanses of epithelial cytoplasm began at two days and was extensive by four days after the injection of PAN. At and after five days (correlating with the onset and persistence of massive proteinuria), areas of focal loss of the epithelial covering on the outside of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were observed in 30% of glomeruli. Intravenously administered ferritin was distributed normally in most sections of the GBM of nephrotic animals, but abnormally deep penetration of particles was observed in GBM segments that lacked an external covering of epithelium. The same changes were found following in situ fixation of superficially placed glomeruli of Munich Wistar rats with PAN nephrosis. We propose that the massive, early proteinuria in PAN nephrosis may be primarily due to a glomerular epithelial lesion, leading to scattered focal defects in the external covering of the GBM. Increased bulk flow of glomerular filtrate across the GBM in such areas may explain the highly selective proteinuria found in this form of the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 1104967 TI - Experimental Escherichia coli urinary infection in the rat. AB - Twenty-six urinary strains of Escherichia coli belonging to O-sero-groups commonly associated with urinary infection but differeing in serum sensitivity and K antigen content were examined for their ability to survive in the kidneys following inoculation into the bladder of male Wistar rats. Reproducibility studies showed that some strains consistently caused kidney infection whereas others were consistently unable to do so. However, the ability to infect the kidneys was not correlated with serum resistance or K antigen content. Some evidence for the nature of the factors responsible for kidney infection came from a study of various mutants derived from E.coli LP729 (serotype 09), which produces negligible amounts of K antigen and is rapidly killed by serum after a delay of one hour. Both LP729 and a serum-resistant mutant derived from it caused kidney infections, but two rough variants derived from the serum-resistant mutant were unable to infect the rat kidneys. One variant was devoid of lipopolysaccharide O-side chains; the other showed the delayed serum-killing effect characteristic of LP729 and retained 09 specificity with a full complement of O-side chains, suggesting that loss of surface components unrelated to O or K specificity may be responsible for failure to invade the kidneys. PMID- 1104968 TI - Angiotensin II: renal localization in glomerular mesangial cells by autoradiography. PMID- 1104969 TI - Immunogenicity of Escherichia coli O antigen in upper urinary tract infection. AB - The role of immunogenicity of the infecting organism (Escherichia coli) in the antibody response to O antigen in upper urinary tract infection was investigated. Heat-killed vaccines were prepared from "immunogenic" organisms which had produced upper urinary tract infection associated with high titers of hemagglutinating antibody to O antigen and "nonimmunogenic" organisms which had produced upper urinary tract infection without a rise in antibody titer. "Immunogenic" 06 vaccine produced high titers of antibody in patients regarded as possibly "poor producers" of antibody, but "nonimmunogenic" 011 vaccine was not associated with a rise in titer in patients previously regarded as "good producers". These vaccines were significantly different in immunogenicity (P less than 0.05). Five vaccines were tested in 50 rats. The difference in hemagglutinating titers to O antigen between 06 and 011 was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Immunogenicity of the infecting organism appears to be a significant factor in determining antibody response to O antigen in upper tract infection. PMID- 1104970 TI - Mechanisms involved in renal hypertension. PMID- 1104972 TI - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in terminal renal failure. PMID- 1104971 TI - The clinical value of renin and angiotensin estimations. PMID- 1104973 TI - Morbidity, age and sex distribution, recurrences and renal scarring in symptomatic urinary tract infection in childhood. PMID- 1104974 TI - Diagnosis in the difficult case. PMID- 1104975 TI - Bowel flora in urinary tract infection: effect of chemotherapy with special reference to cotrimoxazole. PMID- 1104976 TI - R-factors in urinary tract infection. PMID- 1104977 TI - Antibody-coated bacteria in urinary tract infection. PMID- 1104978 TI - Estimation of Escherichia coli antibodies in urinary tract infection: a review and perspective. PMID- 1104979 TI - The host-parasite relationship in urinary tract infections. PMID- 1104980 TI - Diagnosis of urinary tract infection: appraisal of diagnostic procedures. PMID- 1104981 TI - Vesico-ureteric reflux and renal scarring. PMID- 1104982 TI - [Possibilities and indications for prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases]. PMID- 1104983 TI - Epidemiological and bacteriological studies on an outbreak of Sh. sonnei. PMID- 1104984 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of osteoid osteoma]. PMID- 1104985 TI - [In memory of Petr Ivanovich Iurzhenko]. PMID- 1104986 TI - [A railway accident a hundred years ago as reason for systematic testing of colour vision (author's transl)]. AB - Holmgren's supposition that colour blindness was one of the causes for the train disaster which happened on 15th November 1875 near Lagerlunda had been passed on as an established fact. The course of the accident is outlined on the basis of the court records. It shows that not colour blindness, but the fact that the engine-driver and the station-master were acting contrary to regulations resulted in the head-on collision with the opposite train. After this event systematic testing of colour vision in railway-men was instituted and the methods of examination were considerably improved. PMID- 1104987 TI - [In memory of Prof. Erich Zeiss, M.D]. PMID- 1104988 TI - [Pilocarpine-ocusert-p-40 in the handicapped glaucoma patient (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 15 patients with chronic open angle glaucoma had been selected for this study. All of them were handicapped in the long-term self-medication of their antiglaucomatous eye drops either by visual function loss or by, physical or mental disorders. A preliminary test was made in each patient whether there was an essential difference in the therapeutic effect after self-medication and after optimal local application of the miotics by the doctor. Each of the selected patients had profile tonometry after self-medication, after medication by the observer and after Pilocarpine-Ocusert-P-40. There was evidence that the most pronounced therapeutic effect could be achieved by the correct placement of the antiglaucomatous drug in the individual eye. The results on the ocusert system indicate that pilocarpine ocuserts are advantageous over the incorrect placement of different miotics by the handicapped patient. The results had been statistically evaluated using the t-test. The possibilities of using the ocuserts in the elderly glaucoma patient are discussed. PMID- 1104989 TI - [My dear friend Curt Cuppers]. PMID- 1104990 TI - [A 20-year friendship through amblyopia and strabismus]. PMID- 1104991 TI - [Use of muscle surgery sutures in retinal detachment operations (author's transl)]. AB - In cases of surgery in retinal detachment, borrowing of techniques employed in strabismus surgery is recommended. The opening of the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule and careful placement of the final suture as published by Cuppers avoids or at least diminishes postoperative cicatrization, retraction, and resulting disturbances of motility and double images. In case where one are several muscles have to be cut, the exact strabismic muscle surgery helps this treatment. In these cases, statistical results are mentioned. Furthermore in cases of high myopia and especially those combined with nystagmus, the so called Cupper's "Fadenoperation" gives excellent results. Three cases operated on by this technique, in which no other method succeeded, are demonstrated. PMID- 1104992 TI - [Lamellar corneal graft and transposition of a conjunctival flap for surgical treatment of pterygium (author's transl)]. AB - In advanced primary and recurrent pterygium extensive excision and lamellar corneal grafting have been performed. Closure of the conjunctival wound is achieved by transposition of a temporal conjunctival flap to the excised area. In a follow-up period up to 15 months no recurrence have been observed. The functional and cosmetical results are satisfactory. PMID- 1104993 TI - [The operative treatment of nystagmus-caused variable squint angles with Cuppers "Fadenoperation" (author's transl)]. AB - THE "Fadenoperation" developed by Cuppers is described. With this, the arc of contact is changed with retension of the anatomical insertion. It is indicated when an innervational factor is to be influenced, especially by the treatment of an instable squint angle caused by nystagmus. A differentiation between a static and dynamic angle must be made. Only the static angle can be corrected by common recession and resection. The dynamic angle can be corrected by the "Fadenoperation" described by Cuppers. The difficulty in recognizing the nystagmus and determining the width of the static and dynamic angle is described in detail. Satisfying results were attained, following these criteria, shown by 19 (76%) of the operated convergent squinters with an instable angle. PMID- 1104994 TI - [Hypo and hypercalcemia as an emergency]. AB - 1. Hypo- and hypercalcemia can be explained as derangements of the calcium homeostasis. Hypocalcemic tetany usually alarming the patient tremendously is, at least in adults, rarely life-threatening. Hypercalcemia leads in 30% of the cases to clinical symptoms which may inadvertedly pass into a state of hypercalcemic crisis. This latter requires an often difficult emergency treatment. 2. Hypocalcemic tetany may be reversed by administering calcium i.v. or, in severe cases, by a calcium infusion. Only rarely are magnesium supplements necessary to let the tetany disappear. Vitamin D or dihydrotachysterol (DHT) do not correct hypocalcemia immediately, since their effects may be delayed up to 15-25 days. In order to normalize the serum calcium permanently, vitamin D or DHT treatment should be instituted as rarely as possible. 3. Initially, hypercalcemic crisis is best treated by forced intravenous fluid administration with normal saline (and furosemide) in combination with high doses of prednisone. Fluid-, sodium- and potassium balances ought to be checked during this type of treatment. A first evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures is recommended after 24 hours: treatment is continued in patients who respond favorably, while subjects who do not show a significant decrease of the serum calcium may either be given a phosphate infusion or mithramycine as a bolus. Calcitonin appears to be useful only to start treatment before institution of a phosphate infusion. PMID- 1104995 TI - [Discelectrophoretic analysis of the tubular proteinuria (author's transl)]. AB - The urinary protein pattern following tubular damage is different from other proteinurias. The tubular proteinuria consists of micromolecular proteins of MW 10-70000. The disturbed tubular function probably leads to a diminished reabsorption of these microproteins from the tubular fluids. By determining the molecular weight of the urinary proteins by SDS-PAA-electrophoresis tubular proteinurias may be distinguished from glomerular and extrarenal forms. Tubular proteinurias are found in inflammatory, degenerative and vascular tubulopathies. The course of acute tubular diseases reveals proteinurias of different micromolecular composition depending of the improving tubular function; this supports the concept of a selective tubular reabsorption of microproteins. Tubular proteinurias are associated with normal as well as with impaired glomerular filtration, which, in part, might influence the amount of microproteins excreted. PMID- 1104997 TI - [A list of institutions of nursing education in Korea]. PMID- 1104996 TI - [Immunglobulin levels after kidney transplantation and during rejection crisis (author's transl)]. AB - In the first three weeks after kidney transplantation the patients were examined for daily changes in immunoglobulin levels. Only very seldom was a decrease of IgM detected in our patients who had undergone splenectomy. During half of the rejection crisis there were indeed short periods of increase (spikes) in immunoglobulins. These were observed always before or concomitantly with the clinical diagnosis of a rejection reaction. In order to determine the connection between immunoglobulin-spikes and an approaching rejection episode the general one-sided binominal test was used. A significant relation was established between IgM peaks and an approaching rejection crisis. No such relation could be found for the IgA peaks observed. The IgG globulins showed no consistent pattern during a transplantation rejection. A persistent fall of the IgG globulins was noted in the first ten days after renal allograft with the immunosuppressive regimen of an initial gramme of methylprednisolon and high dosage of azothioprine. A good correlation was observed with the simultaneous depression of serum albumin concentrations. As losses of protein in urine are minimal (already confirmed by other authors), it must be assumed that in the first place a high rate of catabolism and a restriction in the protein synthesis is responsible for the decrease in the IgG globulins and the serum albumins. PMID- 1104998 TI - [Historical nursing activities in national emergencies]. PMID- 1104999 TI - Pathogenesis of cerebellar hypoplasia produced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of neonatal rats. II. An ultrastructural study of the immune mediated pathology. AB - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, following inoculation of 4-day-old rats, produces an acute destructive but nonfatal necrosis of the cerebellum which is immunologically mediated. An ultrastructural study of the developing lesion indicated the following sequence of events: first, lymphocytic choriomengitis virions appear in the intercellular spaces of apparently normal neural parenchyma, followed shortly thereafter (5 days after infection) by adherence of monocytes to vascular endothelium with migration into tissue and morphologic transformation into activated macrophages, concomitant with necrosis of neural cells which progresses from 1 to 3 weeks after infection. Removal of debris overlaps with and is followed by astrogliosis, collagen deposition, and vascular changes. Finally, several months after infection, an increasing infiltration of plasma cells occurs, accompanied by gradual disappearance of virus from the neural parenchyma. These morphologic observations suggest that the acut immunopathology is cell-mediated whereas local antibody production may play an important role in clearance of virus from persistently infected tissue. PMID- 1105000 TI - A brief history of otolaryngology in Charleston, South Carolina. PMID- 1105001 TI - A new rationale for school health programming. PMID- 1105002 TI - A demographic survery on the need for a group home. PMID- 1105003 TI - Comparison of goat ATLG and ASLG in human renal transplants. PMID- 1105004 TI - Protection against the effects of endotoxemia by glucocorticoids. PMID- 1105005 TI - Segmental flexibility in the myosin molecule: evidence from binding studies of myosin fragments with actin. AB - From comparative studies of the association with polymeric actin of the bifunctional species heavy meromyosin and its monofunctional constituents, information about the relative freedom of these paired elements can be derived. An isotherm for the former binding process is presented which involves, as an experimentally determinable parameter, the local concentration of second segment after the first of a pair is attached to the lattice. From combined data for these two association reactions a value of 10(-4) M is obtained for this quantity. The large degree of segmental flexibility reported for the free heavy meromyosin is still manifested in the association with actin. PMID- 1105006 TI - On the enthalpy of binding of ADP to heavy meromyosin. AB - The binding of ADP to heavy meromyosin has been studied by microcalorimetry. Minute amounts of myokinase interfere with binding measurements, but by selection of appropriate conditions, we can estimate that the value of the apparent deltaHbinding lies between - 1.0 and - 3.0 kcal per mole of ADP bound (0.3 M KC1, 2 mM MgC12, 20mM Tris, pH 8.00, 20 degrees C). Values of deltaHbinding reported to date are an order of magnitude larger, and we suggest that these values are artifactual results due to myokinase contamination. PMID- 1105007 TI - Transition period following a nutritional shift-up in the bacterium Escherichia coli B/r: stable RNA and protein synthesis. PMID- 1105008 TI - Parameters affecting the rate of synthesis of ribosomes and RNA polymerase in bacteria. PMID- 1105009 TI - Functional analysis of chemical systems in vivo using a logical circuit equivalent. V. Molecular biological interpretation of the self-reproducing automata theory and chemico-physical interpretation of information in biological systems. PMID- 1105010 TI - In memoriam: Dr. Simon Rodbard (1911-1975). PMID- 1105011 TI - Bilateral chylothorax - complication in malignancy. AB - Bilateral chylothorax is a rare condition caused by traumas and disorders with perforation or destruction of main lymphatics in the thorax leading to lymph leakage. Two patients with bilateral chylothorax are presented one of whom was successfully operated on. Etiology, diagnostics and therapy of this condition are discussed. PMID- 1105012 TI - Surgery of peptic ulcer. PMID- 1105013 TI - Hysteroscopy. PMID- 1105014 TI - Female sterilization. An overview. PMID- 1105015 TI - Hypertension. AB - Hypertension, a health problem of epidemic proportions, has not been controlled successfully. Screening efforts are increasing the detection of cases, and current emphasis on treatment rather than detailed evaluation is increasing the incidence of control of hypertension. Patient compliance is crucial, however, because all of the currently available treatments require daily taking of pills by patients who commonly do not understand their disease or the need for treatment. Efforts at increased public education and improved doctor-patient relationships are important if the epidemic is to be overcome. This paper reviews diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, public education, and patient compliance. PMID- 1105016 TI - The Kennedys: a partial medical case history. Part 1. PMID- 1105017 TI - The med-chi journal history--1839-1976. PMID- 1105018 TI - History of the journal, 1952-1976. PMID- 1105019 TI - Diagnostic percussion sounds: 1. A qualitative analysis. PMID- 1105020 TI - Noninvasive patient monitoring--expectations and reality. PMID- 1105021 TI - The use of differential skin-temperature measurements in the evaluation of post traumatic oedema control. PMID- 1105022 TI - The analysis of radioisotope cardiac output dilution curves. PMID- 1105023 TI - Personal portfolio - H. Lou Gibson, USA. PMID- 1105024 TI - Health care in a changing society: the health services of Israel. AB - In the pre-State era, Israeli society displayed an "ascetic" orientation with emphasis on austerity and egalitarianism. The medical profession was influenced by the basic philosophy of the country and coped successfully with the country's health problems, mainly by lowering morbidity and mortality rates. With the emergence of the State of Israel, mass immigration of people with different backgrounds, cultures, and values occurred, and health problems of the disability, dissatisfaction, and discomfort type arose. The existing medical organizations were unable to handle them. The story of three such organizations is detailed in brief: the first medical school in Jerusalem, the greatest supplier of curative services--the workers' sick fund (Kupa Holim), and the Ministry of Health. Their impact on the health services of the country is described. These services are splintered into numerous self-contained authorities and an understanding of the overall needs is lacking. This state of affairs reflects the antagonistic interests of the political powers behind the various health agencies. A concensus within the health field on the nature of the problems and their solution could be reached if the health organizations accepted a broader philosophy of health, comprising its somatic, mental, and social aspects, and if they commit themselves to applying this philosophy in their activities. This may lead to considerable changes in medical education, more attention being focused on the social functions of medicine than on medical technology; health care would become more comprehensive and would cover all aspects of health in its preventive, curative, and rehabilitative stages. Failure to meet the health needs of the changing society will constitute a false reading of the public pulse. Of late, the voices demanding the conquest of social diseases and the attainment of health in its broadest sense are becoming more and more audible. PMID- 1105025 TI - An emergency room's patients: their characteristics and utilization of hospital services. AB - Utilization of the emergency room at an urban community hospital is studied in a format designed to accomplish three complementary objectives: 1) to characterize a sample of individual patients, rather than an unweighted sample of visits, 2) to estimate the number of individuals served during a specified period and the magnitude of the relationship between these patients and the utilization of other hospital services, and 3) to introduce the patient's "frequency-of-visit" as an important variable in the analysis of emergency room utilization. Some specific findings are: 1) the vast majority of patients who used the emergency room did so very infrequently; 46,527 visits were made in one year by an estimated 34,286 different patients; 2) an estimated 2,586 patients made three or more visits during the year; a disproportionately large number of these "high-frequency" users were black, low-income, and from inner-city areas; a relatively small percentage of their visits were for accidental injury, 3) approximately 53 per cent of the hospital's inpatient admissions and 68 per cent of the inpatient days were generated by patients who also made at least one emergency room visit during the year studied. PMID- 1105026 TI - A study of consumer attitudes about health care: the role of the emergency room. AB - Contrary to the traditional role of the emergency room (ER) as a care source for the treatment of urgent medical needs, it is evident that substantial numbers of people now use the ER for the treatment of nonurgent problems. In this paper, we report on public opinion about the role of the ER, the accessibility of medical care, and factors that prompt the use of the ER rather than other sources of care. The data result from a community survey of households (N = 521) in the area of Rochester, New York, representative of a population of about 580,000 people. The findings, which relate ER utilization to source of payment, use of other sources of care, demographic variables, and consumer attitudes illustrate the rationality of the patient's use of ER facilities and reflect the patient's view of the ER as a place to obtain medical treatment when other sources are not available. PMID- 1105027 TI - Characteristics of patients and care provided in health-related and skilled nursing facilities. AB - This survey study of 433 admissions to four health-related facilities and 738 admissions to 40 skilled nursing facilities in the Rochester region describes the reasons for placement, the patients' physical, mental, and functional characteristics and their personal, nursing, and other care requirements in the institutional setting. The differences and similarities between the two levels of care and between the four HRF's are analyzed in the light of national data; the appropriateness of placement is evaluated and the implications for regulatory systems are discussed. PMID- 1105028 TI - [Standardization of ECG leads]. PMID- 1105029 TI - [Tape-recorded evaluation of a new antiarrhythmic drug]. PMID- 1105030 TI - [Antihypertensive effect and adverse effects of treatment with beta-blocking agents]. PMID- 1105031 TI - [Fiduciaries and officers in the Swedish medical society]. PMID- 1105032 TI - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]. PMID- 1105033 TI - [Editorial: Suicidal behavior]. PMID- 1105034 TI - [Use of air filters in the management of children with asthma]. PMID- 1105035 TI - [Mycotoxicosis in Europe in modern times]. PMID- 1105036 TI - [Spina bifida--a mycotoxicosis]. PMID- 1105037 TI - Adam Politzer, otology and the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. AB - The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 was held in Philadelphia. Among the exhibits was a collection of temporal bone dissections produced by Adam Politzer of Vienna. This exhibit included both normal and pathological temporal bones, and emphasized the relationship of the tympanic membrane to the middle ear, external canal and bony labyrinth. At the close of the Centennial Exhibition the collection was purchased by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. This collection and the congress associated with the Centennial had a tangible effect on the otology in this country. PMID- 1105038 TI - Preoperative laminagraphic evaluation of the sphenoid sinus for transsphenoidal surgery. AB - In recent years the transethmoidal and transnasal approaches to the pituitary gland have become increasingly popular. In each case, detailed preoperative analysis of the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and its boundaries is crucial in facilitating entry to the pituitary fossa and in reducing intraoperative complications. Certain operative difficulties and complications are the result of the marked variability in the anatomy of the sphenoid bone and its sinus. These include: loss of orientation within a capacious sinus; perforation of the carotid artery or cavernous sinus; injury to the optic nerve or ophthalmic artery; and violation of the subarachnoid space with resultant pneumocephalus or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Pneumatization develops originally within the presphenoid, beginning anteriorly and proceeding posteriorly. Around the time of puberty the pneumatization usually penetrates up to the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Dense bony septa remain within the sinus along the plane of fusion of the various sphenoidal segments. Preoperative laminagraphy of these ridges and septa is extremely helpful in planning the safest and most direct route to the sella. Laminagraphy is preferable to routine skull films because the septal detail is unobscured by overlying facial structures. Pleuridirectional laminagraphic motion (circular or hypocycloidal) is preferred to linear motion because of the clarity and detail that they provide. PMID- 1105039 TI - The investigation of Horace Green. AB - Horace Green is often regarded as the "Father of American Laryngology." Original in his thinking, innovative in his methods, outspoken in support of his views, Green was often violently criticized by his contemporaries. One medical society attempted to force his resignation as a member. In 1855, the New York Academy of Medicine ordered an investigation of Green and his methods. Honest to the core of his being, Green welcomed the investigation and cooperated in every way possible. Although the investigators' findings were inconclusive, time did bring vindication to Green and to some of his views. PMID- 1105040 TI - Arterial blood gas changes following nasal packing in dogs. AB - Previous clinical studies pertaining to blood gas changes following nasal packing have agreed that the packing is frequently followed by hypoxia but have found differing responses in arterial PCO2 to nasal packing. This is of more than incidental importance, because the mechanisms by which hypoxia develops should determine the method by which the hypoxia is treated. The various causes of hypoxia are reviewed, and a method of instituting an indwelling systemic arterial catheter for the purpose of drawing sequential blood samples for gas determinations is described. Using the indwelling arterial catheters, arterial blood was sampled from a series of awake, unsedated dogs before, during, and after the dogs were subjected to anterior and posterior nasal packing. Blood gas determinations showed significant depressions of PO2 and elevations of PCO2 during the period when the packing was in place. The altered blood gas values quickly returned to essentially normal (control) values after the packing was removed. In order to help assess the degree of lower airway response to an upper airway stimulus as a cause of these blood gas changes, the protocol was repeated in previously laryngectomized dogs. In these animals no consistently significant change occurred in either the PO2 or PCO2 following either the packing or its removal. Our findings suggest that airway obstruction (and hypoventilation) rather than increased bronchomotor tone is the main cause of hypoxia in awake dogs with anterior and posterior packing. Because of the likelihood of hypoventilation and significant hypercarbia in patients in whom nasal packing is employed, we discourage the routine usage of oxygen, unless blood gas levels are checked prior to the institution of oxygen therapy. PMID- 1105041 TI - Nutritional effects of nitrogen-free analogues of essential amino acids. PMID- 1105042 TI - Hormone inducible messenger RNA. PMID- 1105044 TI - [Visualization of the 3-dimensional dosage distributions in an irradiated object]. PMID- 1105043 TI - Effects of pineal compounds on mammals. PMID- 1105045 TI - [Strelin Gavrill Sergeevich; on his 70th birthday]. PMID- 1105046 TI - Eighteenth-century British military canteens. PMID- 1105047 TI - Two retire. PMID- 1105048 TI - [Role of the nurse in preparation of pathohistological specimens for studies]. PMID- 1105049 TI - The fat embolism syndrome: one crucial step. PMID- 1105050 TI - [Effects of Pentoxyphylline and dextran 40 on the perfusion of grafts and necrosis-rate following plastic surgery using swivel shunts]. PMID- 1105051 TI - [Drug therapy of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 1105052 TI - [Surgical therapy of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 1105053 TI - [Clinical experimental studies on pentoxifyllin in extremities with blood circulation disorders and in healthy extremities. Blood circulation measurements with xenol33-muscle-clearance, ultrasonic Doppler technic and rheography]. PMID- 1105054 TI - [Does the engraving by de Bruy from the year 1598 present an excision of eye worm]. PMID- 1105055 TI - [Herber Schoen 27.9.1997-20.8.1975]. PMID- 1105057 TI - [Clinical experience with the new coronary therapeutic agent Sensit]. PMID- 1105056 TI - [The lipid-reducing efficiency of a clofibrate-inositolnicotinate combination in comparison with clofibrate. The wrong use of statistical methods--presented on an example from clinical research]. PMID- 1105058 TI - The kinetics of carrier-mediated ion permeation in lipid bilayers and its theoretical interpreatation. PMID- 1105059 TI - Experimental congenital malformations. AB - Traditional approaches to human and experimental teratology are briefly described, with roles of pathologists indicated. Some approaches to experimental teratology which pathologists might use are then described and illustrated. These include identification of subclasses of malformation types, study of the chronologic sequence of maldevelopment, study of embryo death, and examination of tumor-malformation relationships. The malformations used to illustrate these approaches are cleft palate, anencephaly, hydrocephalus, and intestinal atresia. The final section deals with general methodology in experimental teratology; a listing of books dealing with experimental teratology is included. PMID- 1105060 TI - Experimental muscle diseases. AB - The mode of pathological reaction of the skeletal muscle fibres to injury is now well understood as a result of the large number of experimental studies and the wide variety of techniques applied to the problem, as recounted above. The most notable aspect of the reaction of the injured muscle fibre is the remarkable stereotyped character of the resulting changes as demonstrated by many diverse agents producing surprisingly similar results. The initial lesion is essentially local coagulative necrosis of the muscle fibre. If the animal survies, such necrosis is inevitably followed by a series of biological reactions inherent in muscle and which lead to the removal of dbris and the proliferation of myoblasts... PMID- 1105061 TI - The nude mouse: a model of deficient T-cell function. AB - Congenitally athymic nude mice (nu/nu) are presented as a model for the study of cell-mediated immunologic deficiencies. These mice possess a vestigial thymus which is incapable of producing mature T-cells as shown by a decreased lymphocyte population carrying the theta antigen and depleted 'thymus-dependent' areas in their peripheral lymphoid organs. However, they have T-cell precursors in their bone marrow. Nude mice lack 'thymosin', a thymic factor secreted by the epithelial cells of the thymus. They also have impaired T-cell functions as demonstrated by an absence of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, an inability to reject skin allografts and a decreased antibody response to some T-dependent antigens. But their response to T-independent antigens is normal. The presence of circulating auto-antibodies and immune-complex type glomerulonephritis in nude mice reinforces the hypothesis that spontaneous autoimmunity and B-cell hyperactivity are associated with T-cell deficiency. On the other hand, they are not especially susceptible to spontaneous tumor development. Correlations are made between the pathologic findings in nude mice and some congenital cellular immunologic disorders in man. PMID- 1105062 TI - Experimental pathology of aging. AB - We have been concerned in the first section of this review with those diseases that are aging processes, or appear to be so. Some of these (e.g., cardiovascular, pulmonary, neoplasia) cause the death of a large proportion of animals, while others (e.g., osteoporosis, amyloidosis), though clearly progressive with age, are nonfatal. Many diverse factors influence the normal process of aging. Restriction of dietary caloric intake prolongs lifespan and decreases the incidence and severity of diseases associated with aging, probably by depressing anterior pituitary gland function... PMID- 1105063 TI - Experimental liver diseases. AB - The use of animal models in the experimental production of liver diseases similar to those of man is still in its infancy. There is a need to discover new models more closely related to counterpart syndromes in man in the fields of hepatorenal syndrome, neonatal jaundice, Wilson's disease, cholelithiasis, viral hepatitis, biliary atresia, and cirrhosis, to mention only a few. With the continued indiscriminate inbreeding of companion animals as well as the planned inbreeding of laboratory animals, there is little doubt that many more will soon be available. The current availability of mutant rats and sheep with bilirubin transport defects has allowed for a better understanding of how organic anions are transported by the liver. Many other currently available experimental animal models herein briefly reviewed have been only superficially studied. It is the intent of this chapter to provide for post-doctoral students an appreciation for the many animal model systems available for experimental hepatic research. PMID- 1105064 TI - Experimental studies on osteoporosis. AB - Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) defines a spontaneous and experimental disease in most domesticated and in some wild animals, caused by dietary calcium deficiency and/or phosphorus excess. Calcium deficiency results directly in hypocalcemia, and phosphorus excess induces hyperphosphatemia which causes hypocalcemia. Secondary hyperparathyroidism thus results and the plasma parameters return to normal and are maintained but only at the expense of progressive bone loss. The bone loss is generalized but the bones are not uniformly affected. The hierarchy of bone loss is, in decreasing order, the jaw bones, especially the alveolar bone, other skull bones, ribs, vertebrae and, finally, long bones. Osteocytic osteolysis is the main mechanism of resorption and application of this concept is a condition sine qua non in the interpretation of the histologic lesions. The early loss of alveolar bone constitutes the initial event in periodontal disease in animals. The osseous lesions in animal NSH are reversible by correction of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels, provided a hyperostotic osteodystrophia fibrosa has not yet developed. The applicability of animal NSH as a model for human osteopenic conditions, including periodontal disease and spinal osteoporosis, is supported by the very inadequate calcium and phosphorus nutrition in most Western countries. The diet is deficient in calcium and excessive in phosphorus; both conditions induce NSH in animals. The degree of dietary calcium deficiency, as influenced by geographic, economic, and social factors, is positively correlated to the degree of periodontal disease and osteoporosis in the population. Evidence is presented to show that the radiographic and histologic manifestations of human periodontal disease and osteoporosis are the same as those of animal NSH. Periodontal disease is therefore considered a fore-runner to the clinically more important spinal osteoporosis. Limited experiments in human periodontal disease indicate that added dietary calcium can positively influence the alveolar bone loss. PMID- 1105065 TI - A medical record and a computer program for diagnosis of thyroid diseases. PMID- 1105066 TI - The collection and processing of medical history data. PMID- 1105067 TI - In vivo and in vitro synthesis of yeast mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 1105068 TI - Isolation of mitochondria and techniques for studying mitochondrial biogenesis in yeasts. PMID- 1105069 TI - Separation and some properties of the inner and outer membranes of yeast mitochondria. PMID- 1105070 TI - The use of fluorescent DNA-binding agent for detecting and separating yeast mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 1105071 TI - Cytoplasmic inheritance and mitochondrial genetics in yeasts. PMID- 1105072 TI - Isolation of yeast DNA. PMID- 1105074 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from yeasts. PMID- 1105073 TI - Preparation of RNA and ribosomes from yeast. PMID- 1105075 TI - The isolation of yeast nuclei and methods to study their properties. PMID- 1105076 TI - [The scientific work of W. J. Schmidt (author's transl)]. AB - Ten examples from W. J. Schmidt's workshop illustrate the method of ultrastructural research before the advent of the electron microscope. The consistency is shown with which the research worker W. J. Schmidt pursued his goal, how he succeeded in making fundamental discoveries with his polarizing microscope, and interpreted the results of his indirect structural investigations in such a forward-looking and clearsighted manner that many of them were confirmed by direct reproduction in the electron microscope. This makes W. J. Schmidt one of the great pioneers of ultramicroscopic structural research. He was an extremely prolific writer. His list of publications numbers 404 scientific contributions, three classical books among them. The last of these three monographs was written in 1971; its title is "Polarizing Microscopy in Dental Tissues"; it deals with the ultrastructure of teeth, a subject which never ceased to attract his attention during the more than 50 years of his career as a scientist. It was his intention to write such a textbook on the ultrastructure of teeth during his retirement, a task which he accomplished in spite of the infirmities of old age, thanks to his unbroken will to work. Another characteristic feature of W. J. Schmidt was his extraordinary insistence on complete independence; there are only four among his 404 publications which he wrote, at an advanced age, jointly with Helmut Ruska, and the dental monograph he published in callaboration with A. Keil. Everything else was entirely his own effort. His capacity for work was almost inexhaustible. In 1937, for instance, he published 18 scientific papers, among them his richly illustrated protoplasm monograph of 388 pages. His inflexible will to observe everything personally and to interpret and edit his findings alone was part of his special intellectual constitution. In discussions he stubbornly defended his point view and considered suggestions and new ideas only after he had tested them with his own experiments. This had already become evident at the beginning of his career in a discussion with Ambronn of the nature of birefringence of organized substances. But once he had accepted something as proved he propounded it with persistence and enthusiasm. PMID- 1105077 TI - A mechanical stage for the combined use of two microscopes with a comparison eyepiece. AB - When comparing two histological sections with the aid of a comparison eyepiece, it appears very difficult to move the two specimens in conjunction. A single common mechanical stage meets this problem, providing identical movement of two specimens. Details of its construction are described. PMID- 1105078 TI - [Optical microscopy]. PMID- 1105079 TI - [Electron microscopy]. PMID- 1105080 TI - [Cytochemistry and histochemistry]. PMID- 1105081 TI - [Autoradiography]. PMID- 1105082 TI - [Microprobe methods]. PMID- 1105084 TI - [Evaluation of images]. PMID- 1105083 TI - [Combinations of different methods of microscopy]. PMID- 1105085 TI - [Miscellaneous publications concerning microscopic equipment or methods]. PMID- 1105086 TI - Midwifery practice in the first half of the 20th century. Part 1. PMID- 1105087 TI - Midwifery in the first half of the 20th century. Part II. PMID- 1105088 TI - Distinguished British nurses of the past. 6. Mrs. Rebecca Strong--pioneer and centenarian, 1843-1944. PMID- 1105089 TI - Distinguished British nurses of the past. 5: Mrs. Sarah Wardroper--Florence Nightingale's collaborator. PMID- 1105090 TI - Childbirth in the works in Shakespeare. PMID- 1105091 TI - The definition of reduced CSF absorption syndrome: a reapraisal of benign intracranial hypertension and related conditions. PMID- 1105092 TI - The regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 1105093 TI - Immunological surveillance against cancer: critique of an established hypothesis. PMID- 1105094 TI - Cell hybridizaiton: an explanation for the phenotypic diversity of certain tumours. PMID- 1105095 TI - Cancer--a systemic disease with local manifestations. PMID- 1105096 TI - Role of vitamin C in infectious disease and allergic reactions. PMID- 1105097 TI - The role of vegetable dietary fibre in human nutrition. PMID- 1105098 TI - The shocking consequences of defective ionic translocation in mitochondria. PMID- 1105099 TI - The possible role of prolactin in pre-eclampsia. PMID- 1105100 TI - Appetite stimulation and weight gain with cyproheptadine (periactin) in tuberculosis patients (double-blind clinical study). PMID- 1105101 TI - Editorial: Otago Medical School centennial. PMID- 1105102 TI - A review of bacteria in L-phase and their possible clinical significance. AB - L-phase bacteria are bacterial variants produced by adverse conditions in the environment. Although variant growth may be perpetuated for generations, the changes are not of genetic origin, but due solely to the environment which causes damage to the bacterial cell wall. Since the structure of Gram-positive and Gram negative cell walls is fundamentally different, the degraded variant which will occur in each case will also be different. Such variants are seldom detected in routine diagnostic laboratories because they will not grow on normal media, as their optimal conditions of growth are changed. L-phase variants bear a strong resemblance to the mycoplasmas; both are resistant to penicillin, both lack characteristic bacterial cell wall constituents, and their colonial and cellular morphology are similar. Since the conditions for mycoplasma cultivation are, at this time, more clearly understood, they provide useful models for handling fragile L-phase organisms. L-phase bacteria may be readily produced in vitro by the action of penicillin, and it is theoretically possible for conversion to occur in vivo just as readily during phagocytosis, by the action of bacteriophage, antibiotic therapy, and other defence mechanisms of the host. In the clinical field, the most difficult problem is the assessment of the significance of the isolation of L-phase bacteria in the individual case because they have not been observed with certainty in the pathological process. It is probable that such organisms may be clinically significant in cases of chronic and recurrent infection, since these bacteria will survive the defence mechanisms of the host which are largely directed at the cell wall. PMID- 1105103 TI - A method of bloodless circumcision. AB - A method of circumcision is described which allows accurate removal of the correct amount of tissue. The method is based on the concept of removal of a flat strp of skin rather than a fold. The removal of the correct amount of tissue with the minimal amount of bleeding and minimal risk to the frenal vessels is effected. The treatment after operation is simple and the results are invariably satisfactory. Damage to the urethra and glans is virtually impossible. Delineation of the incisions with ink before beginning is an important step in the procedure. PMID- 1105104 TI - Kuru: a critical review. PMID- 1105105 TI - Oliver Latham. PMID- 1105106 TI - Double-blind trial of mazindol in overweight patients. AB - A 12-week double-blind trial involving 50 patients from a suburban general practice showed a highly significant loss of weight in the group taking 2 mg of mazindol (Sanorex) per day. PMID- 1105107 TI - Arthur Hunter Powell. PMID- 1105108 TI - Allan Frederick Dwyer, M.B.E. PMID- 1105109 TI - George Robin Adlington Syme. PMID- 1105110 TI - Aubrey Julian Lewis. PMID- 1105111 TI - Plasma phenytoin levels produced by various phenytoin preparations. AB - A cross-over study was conducted to compare the plasma phenytoin levels produced by different phenytoin preparations available in Australia. The preparations were found not to be equivalent, a liquid suspension product producing higher levels compared with capsule and tablet formulations. The clinical significance and possible explantation are discussed. PMID- 1105112 TI - Prophylactic use of gentamicin in colonic and rectal surgery. AB - A double-blind trial was performed to test whether a single intramuscular injection of 80 mg of gentamicin would significantly reduce the incidence of septic complications of elective colonic and rectal surgery. The gentamicin was given at the time of anaesthetic premedication, the operations were performed by either of two surgeons, and the patients were followed up by an independent investigator. Eighty patients satisfactorily completed the trial. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative wound infection, intraperitoneal abscess formation and faecal fistula between the 41 patients who received the gentamicin and the 39 who received the placebo. However, the mortality was significantly lower in the gentamicin group, in which there was only one death. PMID- 1105113 TI - Bruce Boyd Sheaves. PMID- 1105114 TI - William Ewan Sandover. PMID- 1105115 TI - [Respiratory reflexes and their clinical significance]. PMID- 1105116 TI - [Acupuncture - has it a demonstrable bronchospasmolytic effect in bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. AB - In 12 patients with bronchial asthma the effects of acupuncture (45 tests altogether) on airway resistance have been investigated. In 9 patients there was a significant decrease of airway resistance 10 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after the end of acupuncture. The lowest level for airway resistance (70,1% of control value) was reached during the first hour after acupuncture. The possibility of a merely suggestive effect could be excluded, because "placebo-acupunctures" did not change airway resistance significantly. The comparison with a parasympatholytic acting drug as a metered aerosol (Atrovent) demonstrated that acupuncture had a some-what weaker bronchospasmolytic effect. 3 patients showed after repeated acupunctures no reaction whatever. PMID- 1105117 TI - [Obstructive diseases of the respiratory tract. 1. Examination methods and diagnostic criteria of various forms of asthma]. PMID- 1105118 TI - [Medical law in the literature 1974. 1]. PMID- 1105119 TI - [Death in the street. Review of literature - I]. PMID- 1105120 TI - [Jacob Henle and Rudolph Virchow. Dispute among 2 scientists]. PMID- 1105121 TI - [Clinical studies with Glaziovin in the fields of internal medicine and neuropsychiatry]. PMID- 1105122 TI - [The 70th birthday of Prof. Walter Seitz, M.D]. PMID- 1105123 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 1105124 TI - Loxapine (Loxitane). PMID- 1105125 TI - Chenodeoxycholic acid for dissolving gallstones. PMID- 1105126 TI - Prophylactic use of lidocaine in myocardial infarction. PMID- 1105127 TI - Lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 1105128 TI - Evaluation of a test kit for identification of anaerobic bacteria. AB - A test kit for identification of anaerobic bacteria--API--has been compared for accuracy in individual tests and for identification on the genus or species level with pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized media methods on 241 anaerobic strains. The microsystem was found to be reliable and permits identification of the clinically most significance anaerobic bacteria if it is supplemented with other tests such as gaschromatographic analysis, morphology, lecithinase, lipase and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. PMID- 1105129 TI - Transformation of lymphocytes in patients with certain bacterial infections. AB - The state of cell-mediated immunity was measured by the morphological method of lymphocyte transformation with and without PHA, in a group of 56 patients with bacterial infections and in a group of healthy controls. The patients were divided into three subgroups according to the aetiology: 1. Patients with Gram positive infections, 2. Patients with Gram-negative infections, and 3. mixed infections. The transformation values with PHA were significantly (t-test) higher in the Gram-positive subgroups than in the control group. Transformation in cultures stimulated by PHA was much higher in the subgroup of patients with Gram positive aetiology; the difference between the values in the Gram-negative and in the Gram-positive subgroups was also significant. A decrease of transformation value below 50% was observed in 6 out of 18 patients with Gram-negative aetiology, whereas in the Gram-positive group it was noted in only 2 out of 21 patients. PMID- 1105130 TI - Photon attenuation in computed tomography. AB - The analysis and understanding of results of computed tomography (CT) require an understanding of photon attenuation in matter. The high sensitivity and resolution of these devices coupled with the use of a polychromatic photon source require a level and breadth of understanding about photon attenuation not usually required in any particular subspecialty of radiological physics. With this goal in mind, a discussion of narrow-beam photon attenuation in matter is given and related to those problems currently underway in the field of computed tomography. Measurements and calculations of tissue properties are presented. Calculations of descriptive quantities relevant to polychromatic source attenuation and CT scanning are described and presented. PMID- 1105131 TI - Spectral effects on three-dimensional reconstruction from rays. AB - Continuous bremsstrahlung spectra were calculated for 120 kVp for constant and sinusoidal potentials. Fluorescent radiation for the tungsten target was added to the bremsstrahlung, and the spectra were attenuated through various filter materials. A drawing of an object to be scanned was divided into an array of small squares in which the composition was assumed to be constant. Transmission data for 120 rays at each of 120 angles spanning a range of 180 degrees were calculated. Two algorithms for the reconstruction of attenuation coefficients from projection data, an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and the convolution method, were utilized to reconstruct effective coefficients. The effect of spectral filtration on the quality of the reconstruction was evaluated. Lightly filtered x-ray beams give rise to severe distortions in image quality, with values of the reconstructed coefficients rising toward the periphery of the object. Highly filtered beams give rise to images with less pronounced distortion. PMID- 1105132 TI - Artificial heart. III. Development of efficient atraumatic blood pump. A review of the literature concerning in vitro testing of blood pumps for hemolysis. PMID- 1105133 TI - [Dental implantations of ceramics-coated metals]. AB - Recent studies and personal experience of the Authors in the field of dental implants have encountered the same fundamental problem which arises with orthopedic prosthesis procedures. The basic problem is that of adhesion between the bone tissue and the metal implant. Chrome-cobalt alloy, Tantalum and Titanium are the metals of most recent use. The Authors therefore proceeded to investigate the behaviour of alveolar bone tissue in the proximity of artificial teeth made of alloy (platinum-gold) covered with ceramic, as used in prosthetic dentistry. The experiment was carried out in a dog and a man. In the dog, two of its mandibular teeth were substituted with the same ceramic-gold implants: the first, a replica of natural tooth, was placed in the socket and held in place by metal splint and mandibular circumferential wirings. The other implant, without a replicated crown, was left free, within the alveolus, without contacting the near or opposing teeth. A solid smooth surfaced alumina device, shaped like a small cylinder, was implanted in the upper femoral epiphysis of the same animal. PMID- 1105134 TI - [Bridge supports on horizontal selfthreading parapulpar pins and slices]. AB - A new technique for the construction of small bridges consisting of the attachment of braces to live teeth by means of horizontal parapulpar pins and slices is described. PMID- 1105135 TI - Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. PMID- 1105136 TI - Postpericardiotomy syndrome. A new look at an old condition. PMID- 1105137 TI - Sites of cerebral arterial occlusions. PMID- 1105138 TI - The cervical spine and paraplegia. PMID- 1105141 TI - Present views on hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy. PMID- 1105140 TI - Drug treatment of spasticity and rigidity. PMID- 1105139 TI - Immunological factors in neurological disorders. PMID- 1105142 TI - Immunological reactions to gliomas. PMID- 1105143 TI - The dynamics of hydrocephalus. PMID- 1105144 TI - The surgical relief of intractable pain. PMID- 1105145 TI - Myoclonus. PMID- 1105146 TI - Observations upon the shoeing of horses. PMID- 1105147 TI - Transduction by phage P1CM clr-100 in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Phage P1 does not adsorb to S. typhinurium wild type cells. It does adsorb to rough derivatives including strains with mutations in the galE gene. Phage strain P1CM clr-100 can be efficiently propagated in S. typhimurium derivatives, either by induction of a lysogene, or by lytic infection. Phage P1 lysates are able to mobilize genetic markers in a generalized fashion. The transduction system is essentially identical to that in Escherichia coli, except that CaCl2 is not required for efficient adsorption. Two regions of the S. typhimurium chromosome were mapped by P1-mediated transduction. Several examples of genes linked by P1, and unlinked by P22, are presented. The relative efficiency of P1 over P22 in transduction was not determined, however. Data presented indicate unambigously that the gene order for the trp region is: his ... dad A-hem A-trp-pyrF ... pyrC but known markers in between were not used. The gene order for the cys A region was determined to be as follows: pheA ... purC-cys A-trz A-pts-dsd-aro D-purF ... his, and special mapping problems for this region are discussed. PMID- 1105148 TI - The effect of gene concentration and relative gene dosage on gene output in Escherichia coli. AB - The differential rate of synthesis of several Escherichia coli gene products was measured under conditions in which the average number of copies of the corresponding chromosomal gene had been changed by altering the replication velocity of the chromosome. The data show that in steady state exponential cultures the output of genes in a fully repressed, fully derepressed, or non repressible state is proportional to the average number of copies of the gene per unit mass (gene: mass ratio) and does not depend on the number of copies of the gene relative to all other genes (gene: DNA ratio). In contrast, the output of a gene which was under regulation by endogenously generated effectors was independent of such changes in gene frequency. The relationship found between the number of copies of a gene per unit of cell mass and enzyme output provides a new method for determining the location of the chromosome origin and the direction of replication in bacteria. PMID- 1105149 TI - Independence of F replication and chromosome replication in Escherichia coli. AB - Data are presented which show that F replication is not coupled to any stage of the replication cycle of the host chromosome or to cell division, and is probably not related to surface area. It is also shown that the initiation mass of F increases progressively as the growth rate increases, the number of copies of F per unit of mass falling by half between doubling times of 0.8 and 2.7 generations per hour. It is further shown that the presence of an F particle does not influence the initiation mass of the chromosome. PMID- 1105150 TI - Genetics of alcohol dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Two loci controlling synthesis of the glucose-repressible ADH II. AB - Two unlinked loci controlling the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH II) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. One locus (AD R2) was characterized by electrophoretically slow and fast alleles and by inactive adr2 mutant alleles. The ADH II pattern of heteroallelic slow X fast diploids indicates a tetrameric structure of the enzyme. AD R2 was considered as the structural gene, which codes for the ADH II subunits. Allelic adr2-f mutants could be classified by their response to the slow wild type allele (AD RS-S) in heterozygous diploids. In most cases, only the slow band appeared. In three adr2 f/ADR2-S crosses hybrid enzymes between inactive fast and active slow enzymes were formed. It was demonstrated, that allelic interactions at the protein level are not restricted to electrophoretical behaviour of hybrid enzymes. They also influence specific activities and substrate affinities. The other locus investigated, AD R1, was characterized by ADH II negative mutants (adr1) and by allelic mutants which generate only very low activity (ADR1-L). ADR1 does not influence the electrophoretic properties of slow and fast ADH II proteins. adr1 mutants have an intact structural gene, which is not expressed. The gene has probably a regulatory function with respect to ADH II synthesis. PMID- 1105152 TI - Appearance of transducing particles and the fate of host DNA after infection of Salmonella typhimurium with P22-mutants with increased transducing ability (HT mutants). AB - The kinetics of production of transducing particles for different bacterial markers were followed by premature lysis of Salmonella typhimurium cells infected with P22 phages. The were compared for cells infected with wild type phage or with HT-mutants which show increased transduction frequencies. Measuring the sedimentation velocity of bacterial DNA of cells infected with wild type or HT phages, it was shown that: a) there is no cutting of DNA at random; b) original fragments necessary for packaging host DNA into transducing particles cannot be smaller than 10 phage-genome lengths; c) cutting of transducing fragments leads immediately to the right length; d) there is no loss of precipitable DNA due to phage infection. PMID- 1105151 TI - Characterization of the DNA from bacteriophage P2-186 hybrids and physical mapping of the 186 chromosome. AB - The DNA from two P2-186 hybrid phages and three 186 Insertion mutants have been characterized by heteroduplex analysis and denaturation mapping. The results allow the orientation of the physical and genetic maps of bacteriophage 186 DNA and put physical limits on the chromosomal locations of the phage attachment sites, immunity genes and tail genees. PMID- 1105153 TI - Isolation of phage P2-186 intervarietal hybrids and 186 insertion mutants. AB - Intervarietal hybrids formed between coliphages P2 and 186 have been isolated and their preliminary genetic characterization described. Three insertion mutants of 186 have also been isolated. PMID- 1105154 TI - Studies of partially repressed mutants at the tamA and areA loci in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Mutants, designated tamAr, have been isolated on the basis of simultaneous resistance to toxic analogues thiourea, aspartate hydroxamate and chlorate with L alanine as the sole nitrogen source. tamAr mutants are also resistant to methylammonium. This resistance of tamAr mutants is correlated with partially repressed activity of a number of enzyme and transport systems regulated by ammonium. Furthermore, tam-Ar mutants have low NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP GDH) activity and also efflux ammonium under certain growth conditions. Mutants at the areA locus (areAr) have also been isolated on the basis of resistance to these analogues, with nitrate or L-aspartate as the nitrogen source. These, similar to tamAr lesions, result in resistance to methylammonium and are partially repressed for ammonium repressible system, but in contrast to tamAr, areAr alleles have wild-type NADP-GDH activity and normal ammonium efflux. tamAr and areAr mutants grow as wild type on all nitrogen or carbon sources tested, are recessive, and appear to be epistatic to all other mutations (gdhA1, meaA8 and meaB6) which result in derepressed levels of ammonium regulated system. Whereas tamAr and areAr phenotypes are additive, tamAr is epistatic to areAd phenotype. PMID- 1105155 TI - Studies on a temperature sensitive nuclear petite mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: phenotypic reversibility of the mitochondrial functions. AB - 1. We have studied the pleiotropic effect of a single-gene mutation of the pts mutant strain 1511 grown at 23 degrees C and 36 degrees C. 2. Growth of the mutant at the non-permissive temperature results in a decrease of respiration rate to about 50% after one generation and to less than 5% after five generations. The cytochrome spectra analysis revealed that only cytochrome c was present after growth at 36 degrees C. 3. Mitochondrial protein synthesis experiments in vivo demonstrated that the protein synthesizing system was not as rapidly inactivated by high temperature as the respiratory system. 4. The recovery of the respiratory capacity of the cells at 23 degrees C is complete but dependent on the de novo synthesis of a temperature sensitive protein. PMID- 1105156 TI - panD, a new chromosomal locus of Salmonella typhimurium for the biosynthesis of beta-alanine. AB - Three mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2, which required either pantothenate or beta-alanine for growth, were obtained after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro N-nitrosoguanidine. Their phenotype was: SM30 Pan-, SM31 Pan- Met-, SM32 Pan- Thi (requirement for the thiazole-moiety of thiamine). Neither aspartate, dihydrouracil, nor beta-ureidopropionate replaced beta-alanine as growth factor. By conjugation it was found that the three genetic lesions (Pan-, Met-, Thi-) were located at about minute 128 of the bacterial chromosome. By transduction 63% linkage was found between the Pan and Met loci, and 84% between the Thi and Pan loci. Probably the thiazole auxotrophy was due to a lesion in the thiG locus. The new genetic locus responsible for the synthesis of beta-alanine was named panD. PMID- 1105157 TI - Plasmid-determined alterations of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharides. AB - Salmonella typhimurium Rc902 infected with derepressed ColIb mutants gave rise to changes in the composition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Bacteria carrying ColIbdrd7, derepressed in transfer, exhibited a marked decrease in the content of all 0-side-chain sugars of LPS. Similar effect were found upon the introduction of R64-11, also derepressed in transfer. In LPS of S. typhimurium containing ColIbdrd2, derepressed in colicin synthesis, a decrease of abequose content associated with an increase of glucose level was observed. Bacteria carrying the wild-type ColIb, the revertant of a drd mutant to the wild type, or the non colicinogenic strain resulting from the elimination of ColIbdrd2, showed no changes in the sugar composition of LPS. PMID- 1105159 TI - [Therapy of chronic kidney failure in the German Federal Republic]. PMID- 1105160 TI - [Kidney transplantation in childhood]. PMID- 1105158 TI - Effect of different mutations in ribosomal protein S5 of Escherichia coli on translational fidelity. AB - The effect of three different types of mutations in ribosomal protein S5 of Escherichia coli on translational fidelity has been studied. Two of them, namely that conferring resistance to spectinomycin and that selected for partial suppression of a temperature-sensitive analyl-tRNA synthetase mutation, do not exhibit ribosomal ambiguity in the in vivo and in vitro test system employed. In contrast, mutations in ribosomal protein S5 selected for suppression of streptomycin dependence mutations are able to derestrict the restriction of translational ambiguity imposed by str A mutations, though to different degrees depending on the type of mutation. Mutants in which streptomycin dependence is suppressed by an alteration in protein S5 are more restrictive than mutants resistant to streptomycin. Again, the extent of restriction depends on the type of the str Ad allele. IN CONCLUSION: mutations in ribosomal protein S5 can act as ram mutations like mutations in protein S4. The part of the S5 polypeptide involved in control of translational fidelity is different from regions altered in spectinomycin resistant strains and in the alanyl-tRNA synthetase suppressor mutant. PMID- 1105161 TI - [Immunosuppression following kidney transplantation]. PMID- 1105162 TI - [Tubular disorders following kidney transplantations]. PMID- 1105163 TI - The relationship of 2-acetamidofluorene mutagenicity in plate tests with its in vivo liver cell component distribution and its carcinogenic potential. AB - Using a plating technique, the mutagenic potentials of 2-acetamidofluorene (AAF) and N-hydroxy-AAF were examined after metabolic activation by liver preparations from different animals. Animals used were: male and female rats; male rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC); male rats treated with AAF; hamsters; guinea pigs; cotton rats and baboons. Irrespective of the animal susceptibility to AAF carcinogenesis, mutation frequency was always increased in the Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 tester strain. Indeed, the greater response was found in the presence of liver from cotton rats, a species which is resistant to AAF-induced carcinogenesis. Carcinogen binding, with labelled molecules, was also studied in liver cell constituents of rats, guinea pigs and cotton rats. A much better correlation was found between carcinogenicity and carcinogen binding, at least in those species studied, than between carcogenicity and plate test mutagenicity. The difficulty which this new information poses for the interpretation of plate tests is discussed. PMID- 1105164 TI - The effect of caffeine on survival of UV-irradiated diploid yeast strains of different sensitivities. AB - The action of caffeine post-treatment after UV exposure in three strains of diploid yeast has been studied. The addition of the drug to the plating medium reduced survival in all cases. Higher colony-forming abilities were found in all strains when the UV dose had been split into two fractions with an interval of about 6 h. Caffeine added to the incubation medium between dose fractions did not interfere with this process in the wild type but suppressed split-dose sparing completely in two sensitive strains. PMID- 1105165 TI - Induction of DNA double-strand breaks by X-rays in a radiosensitive strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Sedimentation profiles for chromosomal DNA from unirradiated and X-irradiated yeast cells of wild type and rad 52 strains are presented. These profiles indicate that, whereas wild type strains rejoin DNA double-strand breaks, rad 52 strains apparently do not. These data suggest that the rad 52 mutant lacks a repair system for X-ray induced damage and are consistence with the proposal that an unrepaired chromosome break leads to reproductive cell death. PMID- 1105166 TI - Induction of rho- mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by guanidine hydrochloride. II. Conditions that prevent rho- induction. AB - The induction of rho- "petite" mutants by guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) is inhibited in several conditions. Anaerobiosis inhibited the induction either with or without cell multiplication. Both nalidixic acid (NA) and cycloheximide (CH) inhibited the induction of mutants. On the other hand, chloramphenicol (CAP) produced a dual effect: at low concentration it stimulated, at high concentration it inhibited, the induction. The effect of these different inhibitors on the transformation of rho+ mother cells into rho- by GuHCl is discussed. PMID- 1105167 TI - Generation of mutagenic compound(s) by a reaction between sorbci acid and nitrite. PMID- 1105168 TI - Tests for heritable translocations in male mammals. PMID- 1105169 TI - Proceedings: carcinogens are mutagens: a simple test system. PMID- 1105170 TI - Problems in the estimation of mutation rates and in the detection of induced mutations in man. PMID- 1105171 TI - Anna Eliza Jenkins. 1886-1972. PMID- 1105172 TI - [Clinical studies of the antifungal and antibacterial activity of haloprogin]. PMID- 1105173 TI - [Morphology of tissue forms of causative agents of visceral mycoses. Studies of polysaccharide and protein histochemistry. (8. Candida albicans and Cladosporium strains)]. PMID- 1105174 TI - 1-Phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) in the management of primary breast cancer. A report of early findings. AB - Prolonged 1-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) administration as an adjuvant to mastectomy in the management of patients with primary breast cancer and pathologically positive axillary nodes was evaluated by a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Treatment failures occurred in 22 per cent of 108 patients receiving placebo and 9.7 per cent of 103 women given L-PAM (p = 0.01). A statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) existed in favor of L-PAM relative to disease-free interval. In premenopausal women, the difference with respect to disease-free interval of treated and control groups was highly significant (p = 0.008). A treatment failure occurred in 30 per cent of premenopausal patients receiving placebo and 3 per cent of those treated with L PAM (p = 0.008). Whereas a similar trend was observed in postmenopausal patients, the difference is not statistically significant. Thus, L-PAM has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of women with primary breast cancer, particularly those who are premenopausal. Results were achieved with minimal undesirable side effects. PMID- 1105175 TI - Nonosmolar factors affecting renal water excretion (second of two parts). PMID- 1105176 TI - Letter: Energy requirements of membrane pumps. PMID- 1105177 TI - Letter: "Loyalty questions" and V.A. house staff. PMID- 1105178 TI - HL-A antigens and antibody response after influenza A vaccination. Decreased response associated with HL-A type W16. AB - We investigated possible associations of HL-A types and antibody-response patterns during clinical trials with a live, attenuated intranasal influenza A vaccine. After vaccination, subjects with HL-A type W16 had, as a group, a mean convalescent-phase hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer of 14, which was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than the mean titer of 36 in subjects without Type W16. Of 25 subjects with a poor antibody response, 32 per cent had HL-A type W16, whereas only 5 per cent with a good response had Type W16. The mean titers in nasal secretions of five W16 subjects at 13 and 30 days were less than 3; in contrast, similar titers of 22 subjects without W16 were 8 and 9 respectively. The results suggest that the lower antibody response in W16 subjects is due to increased cellular resistance to infection rather than to a suppressed immune response because other subjects with W16 had normal antibody responses after vaccination with killed influenza vaccine. PMID- 1105179 TI - Drug therapy: The newer cephalosporins. PMID- 1105180 TI - Letter: T and B lymphocytes in normal cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 1105181 TI - Letter: Reticulum-cell sarcoma and Sjogren's syndrome in a patient treated with azathioprine. PMID- 1105182 TI - Letter: Rapid diagnosis of toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 1105183 TI - Letter: Century-old complaint re malpractice. PMID- 1105184 TI - Editorial: The perinatal group B streptococcal problem: more questions than answers. PMID- 1105185 TI - Letter: The pain of venipuncture. PMID- 1105186 TI - A comparison of early-onset group B steptococcal neonatal infection and the respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn. AB - In attempting to differentiate early-onset Group B streptococcal infection from hyaline-membrane disease we found features of severe Group B infection to be rupture of the membranes for more than 12 hours before delivery (four or eight versus one of nine), gram-positive cocci in the gastric aspirate (four or four versus none of one), apnea and shock in the first 24 hours of life (seven of eight versus none of nine), and the generation of lower peak inspiratory pressures on avolume-cycled respirator (mean of 36.5 +/- 2.8 versus 63.9 +/- 6.2 cm of water; P = 0.005). In eight fatal cases of Group B infection, four patients had radiographic features indistinguishable from hyaline-membrane disease whereas the other cases were consistent with neonatal pneumonia. Seven of the eight infected infants had no histologic evidence of coexisting hyaline-membrane disease. Microscopical features of Group B infection included cocci in unevenly distributed hyaline membranes and minimal atelectasis. Group B streptococcal infection differs clinically and pathologically from hyaline-membrane disease. Differentiating clinical features include early apnea and shock and lower inspiratory pressures on mechanical ventilation. PMID- 1105188 TI - Neurologic disorders in renal failure (first of two parts). PMID- 1105187 TI - Arthritis associated with intestinal-bypass procedure for morbid obesity. Complement activation and characterization of circulating cryoproteins. AB - Five patients were studied after intestinal-bypass operations for morbid obesity to determine if the arthritis observed in three of these patients was associated with circulating cryoproteins. Only serum from the three patients with acute arthritis contained cryoprotein complexes. The complexes comprised IgG, IgM, IgA, complement components C3, C4, C5 and IgG antibody against Escherichia coli and Bacillus fragilis. The C3-activator fragment of the properdin complex was identified in fresh serum samples obtained from two of the three patients with circulating cryoprotein complexes and arthritis. These observations suggest that systemically absorbed intestinal bacterial antigens may lead to (or contribute to) the formation of circulating cryoprotein complexes. Circulating cryoprotein complexes activated both the classical and alternate complement pathways and may be important in the pathogenesis of the arthritis associated with the intestinal bypass procedure for morbid obesity. PMID- 1105189 TI - Medicine and public affairs. Kennedy - he has assumed a major role in scientific and medical affairs. PMID- 1105190 TI - Visual experience and cortical development. PMID- 1105191 TI - Significance of autogenously regulated and constitutive synthesis of regulatory proteins in repressible biosynthetic systems. AB - The functional implications of the different modes of regulation have been examined systematically. The results lead to certain predictions. The regulatory protein in repressor-controlled systems is constitutively synthesised. In activator-controlled systems synthesis of the regulatory protein is autogenously regulated. There is favourable agreement between these predictions and published experimental evidence. PMID- 1105192 TI - T cells mediate transplantation tolerance. PMID- 1105193 TI - Erythrocyte morphology and clustering of fluorescent anti-A immunoglobulin. PMID- 1105194 TI - Accumulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol in the plasma membrane may lead to echinocyte transformation of erythrocytes. PMID- 1105195 TI - Inactive complex formation between E. coli RNA polymerase and inhibitor protein purified from T7 phage infected cells. PMID- 1105196 TI - Yeast mitochondrial RNA contains a short polyadenylic acid segment. PMID- 1105197 TI - The place of the australopithecines in human evolution: grounds for doubt? AB - Although most studies emphasise the similarity of the australopithecines to modern man, and suggest, therefore, that these creatures were bipedal tool-makers at least one form of which (Australopithecus africanus--"Homo habilis", "Homo africanus") was almost directly ancestral to man, a series of multivariate statistical studies of various postcranial fragments suggests other conclusions. Their locomotion may not have been like that of modern man, and may, though including a form or forms of bipedality, have been different enough to allow marked abilities for climbing. Bipedality may have arisen more than once, the Australopithecinae displaying one or more experiments in bipedality that failed. The genus Homo may, in fact, be so ancient as to parallel entirely the genus Australopithecus thus denying the latter a direct place in the human lineage. PMID- 1105198 TI - Control of growth of mammalian cells in cell culture. PMID- 1105199 TI - Skin collagen allografts in the rat. PMID- 1105200 TI - Possibilities of using insectistatics and pheromones in pest control. AB - Agents that can decimate insect populations by suppressing growth and reproduction rather than by causing rapid mortality are called insectistatics. Their activity includes interruption of cuticle formation, induction of hormonal imbalance by extrinsic juvenoids or ecdysoids, developmental disturbances due to nutrient antagonists, symbioticides, or accelerators of metabolism. Disruption of mating may be accomplished by pheromone trapping and disorientation or by prevention of sex attraction. The possible contribution of such biotechnical procedures to the control of storage pests is discussed. PMID- 1105201 TI - [Modern research on the cell cycle and mitosis in the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum]. AB - The plasmodial stage of Physarum polycephalum contains up to 10(9) nuclei which undergo a naturally synchronous mitosis every 8 h. Nuclear processes such as DNA and RNA synthesis as well as many cytoplasmic processes such as histone synthesis are also synchronous. Physarum polycephalum is therefore widely used in studies of cell-cycle events. This article describes experiments that may help to explain two fundamental biological processes: (1) the mechanism that triggers mitosis, (2) the structural basis of mitotic movement. PMID- 1105203 TI - The relationship between cap formation and nucleus position. PMID- 1105202 TI - [Structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum]. AB - After a general review of enzyme topology and the molecular architecture of endoplasmic reticulum the latest research results are discussed. Microsomal enzymes do not occur in specialized regions of the endoplasmic reticulum but are uniformly distributed over the entire membrane system. Functionally associated enzymes are also located in the direct vicinity of the membrane. It has been shown that the catalytic activity of integral enzyme proteins depends on phospholipid and membrane structure. These membrane-bound lipoproteid complexes exert specific effects as vectorial enzyme catalysts. The endoplasmic reticulum is active is active in the intracellular transport of metabolites. PMID- 1105204 TI - [Osteosyntheses]. AB - "Osteosynthesis" or internal fixation is the term used for operative reduction of bone fragments. The aim of the procedure is to effect such stable fixation that the affected extremity may be moved freely. The paper gives a survey of the technical basis of and indications for modern methods of internal fixation. PMID- 1105205 TI - Inhibition of Tryptophan Synthetase by Phosphate in Alkaloid-producing culture of Aspergillus fumigatus. PMID- 1105206 TI - Anton Chekhov: a physician-genius in spite of himself. PMID- 1105207 TI - Anton Chekhov: A physician-genius in spite of himself. Part III. PMID- 1105208 TI - Function of the UVR marker in dark repair of DNA molecules. AB - It had been found earlier that the excision repair mechanism in E. coli B/R Hcr+ could be depressed by preirradiation, amino acid and thymine starvation; such an interference proved to have no appreciable influence on survival after ultraviolet irradiation. A comparison between Hcr+ and Hcr- cells had revealed that the former were capable of tolerating a greater amount of unexcised dimers than the latter. In this paper it is demonstrated that the above-mentioned pretreatment will depress excision activity also in cultures of E. coli K12 and E. coli 15T- both strains of the uvr+ rec+ genotype. A comparison of two E. coli K12 strains of the uvr+ and uvr- genotype shows that uvr+ cells also have a greater capacity to tolerate unexcised dimers. To throw light on the nature of that increased capacity to tolerate unexicsed dimers we have compared restoration of DNA daughter chains in cells of the uvr+ and uvr- genotype and found that integrity of uvr loci is a conditio sine qua non for an effective restoration of daughter chains, but that depression of excision activity by the mentioned pretreatment does not influence restoration of DNA daughter chains. This suggest that uvr loci are involved not only in excision but also in postreplication mechanism of DNA repair. PMID- 1105209 TI - Forty years of the Oncological Institute at Brno. PMID- 1105210 TI - [Prof Frederik Jakobus Johannes Buytendijk,, M.D., 1887-1974]. PMID- 1105211 TI - [Spontaneous cryptococcal meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 1105212 TI - [Prof. Hans Jorg Weitbrecht M.D. 1909-1975]. PMID- 1105213 TI - [Sequence-scintigraphic differential diagnosis of Sturge-Weber-Krabbe's disease in the light of the clinical picture, neuroradiology and pathologic substrates]. PMID- 1105215 TI - [Prof. Dr. med. Friedrich Erbsloh]. PMID- 1105214 TI - [Possible applications of infrared reflexopupillography in neurology. I. Registration regulation for clinical neurological purposes]. PMID- 1105216 TI - [Observations on the social history of epilepsy]. PMID- 1105217 TI - [Undifferentiated cerebral reticulosarcoma]. PMID- 1105218 TI - A new method for producing a chronic E. coli pyelonephritis in rabbits. AB - Chronic pyelonephritis, especially that caused by the most common invader E. coli, corresponding satisfactorily to the pathophysiology of the human disease is difficult to reproduce. We have developed a pattern of infection with which we succeeded reliably in producing a chronic E. coli pyelonephritis. This was achieved by inserting a plastic catheter into the renal pelvis. A suspension of E. coli was injected via the catheter into the renal pelvis of 32 rabbits. This pattern of infection takes a chronic progressive course and, in all cases, results in typical macroscopic and histological changes in the kidney. The bacterial excretion in the urine remains unchanged over a period of months. With the experimental procedure described, the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of chronic E. coli pyelonephritis can be clearly studied. Drugs currently used on patients can be tested for their effectiveness in long-term application. PMID- 1105219 TI - Blood viscosity factors and occlusive arterial disease in renal transplant recipients. AB - 29 cadaveric renal transplant recipients were assessed clinically for evidence of occlusive arterial disease prior to undergoing blood viscosity studies. Nineteen patients had manifest arterial disease (myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis, angina, intermittent claudication, absent peripheral pulses), while ten were free from vascular complications. Patients with arterial disease showed significant elevations of plasma viscosity (p less than 0.005), aggregation of red cells measured both at 37 and 20 degrees C (p less than 0.05), fibrinogen (p less than 0.005), serum triglyceride (p less than 0.01), serum cholesterol (p less than 0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p less than 0.02), and a significant reduction in the albumin/fibrinogen ratio (p less than 0.005) when compared with those free of disease. Two patients with no apparent vascular disease when investigated were found to have distinctly abnormal blood viscosity factors, and one subsequently developed retinal arterial thrombosis while the other suffered serious damage of the graft within 3 months of viscosity study. When all patients were considered together, significant correlations were found between viscosity of artificial thrombi or aggregation of red cells and fibrinogen level (both p less than 0.05), and serum triglyceride level (both p less than 0.05); and between rigidity of red cells and the parathyroid hormone level (p less than 0.01). PMID- 1105220 TI - Acute renal failure after rifampicin: a case report and survey of the literature. AB - A new case of acute renal failure after rifampicin is presented, together with a review of the 36 similar cases published up to date in the literature. Evidence is provided that irregularities in drug intake, either as true intermittent treatment or as discontinuation of continuous therapy, play an important role in the pathogenesis of such reactions. Renal failure appeared after a rather long uneventful interval from the beginning of rifampicin therapy, ranging from 1 month to more than 1 year. Its clinical course was favourable in all but one case; the histological picture was mainly of tubulo-interstitial type. The controversial immunological data reported in the literature are reviewed; an increase of histamine release by rat mast cells has been found in presence of rifampicin plus the serum of our patient: the implications of this finding are discussed, suggesting a possible immunological factor in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure after rifampicin. PMID- 1105221 TI - Actinomyces peritonitis associated with dialysis. AB - A case of actinomyces peritonitis occurring in a young girl undergoing regular dialytic treatment is reported. The peritoneal localization was the only one detectable and occurred in a patient who at the beginning of the dialytic treatment had received peritoneal dialysis on two occasions. During 4 months of treatment the patient underwent surgical drainage of the peritoneal fluid and medical treatment with various antibiotics. Super-infection with Escherichia coli and Candida, and an acute episode of bronchopneumonia, complicated the course of the treatment which was finally successful PMID- 1105222 TI - "Phantom" sensations following intraspinal injury. AB - The sensations associated at times with neural lesions in the spinal canal may have the following features and phases: 1) early anosognosia, i.e. lack of awareness of disability; 2) initial stimulation; 3) illusion of amputation; 4) disappearance of that illusion and 5) grotesque sensations. Detailed features of the phantoms such as changes in their size, position, and vividness as well as tactics evoking changes in the sensations are recorded. The special situations are described in which paraplegia is accompanied by actual amputation, or there is a phantom of an upper limb after avulsion of the brachial plexus or after extensive posterior rhizotomy. Finally phantoms associated with incomplete lesions of the cord are analyzed and the basis presented for concluding that a lesion of an ipsilateral posterior column is responsible for the phantom experience in cord lesion. PMID- 1105223 TI - Simple determination of the foramen in trigeminus coagulation. AB - The object is to achieve a high degree of precision in the determination of the foramen ovale in managing trigeminus neuralgia stereotactically as well as by free-hand penetrations. We carried out exact measurements on lateral skull x-rays of 55 corpses and 25 patients. With the aid of a design and several plain x-ray films we drew connecting-lines between fixed, easily determined points of the skull. The middle of the foramen ovale coincides with the dissecting point of these 3 co-ordinates, the maximal deviation of 2 mm is clinically negligible compared with the total width of the foramen. The average distance of the foramen from the midline as measured on the basic projection is 2.8 cm +/- 2 mm. The puncture technique and the thermocontrolled coagulation of the trigeminus branches are discussed. PMID- 1105225 TI - Light and electron microscopic examination of isolated neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. AB - Astrocytes and neuronal and oligodendroglial perikarya isolated by the method of Norton and Poduslo (1970) were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy and inverted phase contrast microscopy. The viability of the cells, as determined by the eosin exclusion method, was also determined. The three cell fractions showed only slight cross-contamination, but the astrocyte fraction contained significant amount of small debris. The ultrastructural appearance of the cells indicated that much of the in situ properties were retained, with bundles of fibrils preserved in astrocytes with well-defined plasma membranes. Oligodendroglial perikarya were found to be the best preserved of the cell types. The viability studies indicated that about 90% of the cells excluded eosin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the neuronal cell surface to be rough and studded with knob-like bodies. Oligodendrocytes tended to aggregate and demonstrated a much smoother surface than the neurons. PMID- 1105224 TI - [Prolactin-secreting pituitary gland adenoma. Present-day possibilities of diagnosis and treatment]. AB - Among the 230 pituitary adenomas that we treated, 23 patients aging from 20 to 39 had a prolactin-secretary pituitary adenoma and were all demonstrating an amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrom. It is not always very fast to establish the more and more frequently observed etiology of this clinical state, especially when the existence, or not, of a pituitary adenoma is concerned. A total endocrinological study (determination of serum prolactin and inhibition and stimulation tests) of all hypothalamic-hypophyseal-peripheric axis must be done, as well as precise radiological studies, able of showing small distortions of the sella turcica. On our patients, the diagnosis of a pituitary tumor and the surgical intervention have never been decided on the base of only one element of the diagnosis. We now think that only the presence, at the same time, of clinical, radiological and biological signs, however small they are, allows the decision for a surgical intervention when prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma is suspected. PMID- 1105227 TI - [Two cases of primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma were reported. Case 1 was a 42-year-old man who had been suffering from headache and mental disturbances for about 3 months prior to admission. These complaints progressed insidiously. He was admitted to our hospital on March 31, 1973. On neurological examinations he was in somnolence state and had neck rigidity, positive of Kernig's sign, disorientation and dyscalculia. Lumbar puncture gave a C.S.F. pressure of 240 mmH2O and the fluid contained 180 mg/dl of protein. A left vertebral angiogram via brachial artery demonstrated thalamic and cerebellar mass lesions. For the development of symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation was performed on April 7. A right carotid angiogram after ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation disclosed a frontal mass lesion. On May 2, a right frontal craniotomy was carried out and the frontal lobe was removed together with the tumors. After the operation his consciousness remained stupor. Thereafter consciousness and clinical pictures gradually worsened, and he died on May 30. Autopsy was performed, and gross examinations revealed tumors in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes, right parietal lobe, and left cerebellar hemisphere. On coronal sections, there were neoplastic proliferation extending from the right thalamus to the putamen and a tumor in the right midbrain. No evidence of neoplastic proliferation was found outside the central nervous system. Microscopic examinations showed a diffuse proliferation of tumor cells with mitosis and polymorphism. The tumor was consisted of small lymphoid cells. Reticulin fibers were not found in the tumor with Watanabe's silver method. It was also unable to impregnate the tumor cells with silver carbonate. This case may be classified the primary interacerebral lymphosarcoma. Case 2 was a 48-year-old man, who was admitted to the hospital complaining of occipitalgia, speech disturbances and diffculty in walking. On neurological examinations, he had a right spastic hemiparesis and dyscalculia. A right carotid angiogram showed the frontal mass lesion. On April 18, a left frontal craniotomy was performed and frontal lobe was removed with the tumor. He made a good recovery from the operation and remained well for about 1 month. However, it culminated in a gradual diminution in the level of consciousness. Unfortunately, he died on June 20. No autopsy was performed. Histologically, the tumor cells had round or ovoid nuclei, mitosis and polymorphism. The perivascular arrangement of the tumor tissue showed tendency to confluence. There were reticulin fibers in the tumor tissue, particularly around the blood vessels. Microglial cells were not impregated with silver carbonate. It is supposed that this case belongs to the primary intracerebral "reticulum cells sarcoma-microglioma" described by Rubinstein or reticulum cell sarcoma. Both the case 1 and the case 2 should be filed to be malignant lymphoma in the wide category. PMID- 1105226 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium disorders and coexisting biochemical changes in the central nervous system]. PMID- 1105228 TI - [Artificial hyperventilation in head injury. I. Spontaneous hyperventilation and assisted ventilation (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was desined to clarify the roles of artificial hyperventilation in management of the patients with cerebral injury. Here reported is the first part of the serial studies and concerned with general informations about hyperventilation. The measurements of PaCO2, minute ventilation volume (VE), dead space (VD), tidal volume (VT), cardiac output (by dye dilution method), oxygen consumption (by Fick' principle) and oxygen equilibrium were performed in the patients suffering from acute, severe head injury. And the effect of assisted ventilation on them were investigated (using pressure-limited respirator). 1. There was a common finding that marked and sustained increase in VE, VA (alveolar ventilation), and decrease in PaCO2 existed during the first week of injury. 97% of both VE and VA were above normal and mean value of PaCO2 was 29-33 mmHg. The syndrome of spontaneous hyperventilation was evidently more prominent in the nonsurvived group of patients. It was noteworthy that increased VE (or VA) was dependent neither on VD or pulmonary dysfunction nor on metabolic acidosis of arterial blood. The relation of VA to base excess in head injury was well contrasted to that of acute CO poisoning. 2. Assisted ventilation resulted in increased VT and decreased respiratory rate, and little change in VE. Consequently, PaCO2 changed only from 33.0 to 29.4 mmHg as a mean of entire series of patients. But when the influence affected by hypoxemic drive was subsided, a significant reduction of PaCO2 was disclosed following assisted ventilation. The assisted ventilation with pure oxygen was also associated with reduced cardiac output (from 6.0l/min to 5.3l/min), though the oxygen consumption changed variedly among the patients. 3. The fact was confirmed that both hypocapnea and alkalosis produced the left-sised shift of oxygen dissociation curve, decrease in P50 (P02 at 50% saturation of oxygen), and in addition, narrowed arterio-mixed venous oxygen difference. The changes of artero-mixed venous oxygen saturation difference which were calculated at 100 mmHg of PaO2 and 40mmHg of mixed venous PO2 were in a linear fashion with those of P50. Apart from the problems on injured brain, the beneficial and non-beneficial effects of hyperventilation were further discussed. The availability and inidcation of artificial hyperventilation should be precisely evaluated later, in a comprehensive manner with the subsequent studies (Part 2 and 3) on cerebral metabolism and intracranial pressure. PMID- 1105229 TI - [Diagnosis of supratentorial tumors by vertebral angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105230 TI - [Two cases of spina bifida cystica with congenital dermal sinus]. AB - Spina bifida cystica and congenital dermal sinus are congenital anomalies which are called dysraphic states. Numerous reports of congenital dermal sinus can be seen in Europe and America, but in this country we have been able to find no more than six reported cases. Also in this country, to the best of our knowledge, only two cases of combined spina bifida cystica and congenital dermal sinus have been seen. The small incidence of reported cases may be due to the fact that congenital dermal sinus tends to go unnoticed except when infection develops. Consequently when dermal sinus is asymptomatic, even in both combined cases, it probably is thought to be only spina bifida. We have seen the combination with congenital dermal sinus in two among twenty cases of spina bifida cystica which we have observed during the past seven years. We report on this and discuss it in relation to the other literature. PMID- 1105231 TI - The prevention of ethanol withdrawal seizures in rats by dipropylacetate. PMID- 1105232 TI - Duchenne dystrophy: electron microscopic findings pointing to a basic or early abnormality in the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber. AB - In seven patients with Duchenne dystrophy, high-resolution phase microscopy demonstrated a population on non-necrotic fibers with one or more focal lesions. The typical lesion was wedge-shaped, with the base resting on the fiber surface. In the electron microscope, the plasma membrane overlying the lesion was either absent or disrupted, while the basement membrane was always preserved. Within the lesion, there were cytoplasmic abnormalities, and in the neighboring fiber region, the myofibrils were usually highly contracted. The structural defect in the plasma membrane suggested that this site was an ineffective cellular barrier. This was confirmed by the frequent ingress of peroxidase-containing extracellular fluid into the lesions. In two control subjects, peroxidase penetration into fibers was seen only rarely and only with other evidence of mechanical injury to the specimen. The findings point to an early and possibly basic abnormality in the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber in Duchenne's dystrophy. PMID- 1105233 TI - [A warning bank used as a multiple instrument (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105234 TI - Annular dense-cores in secretory granules of hamster adrenal medulla. PMID- 1105235 TI - Transformation of LEITZ ORTHOMAT W into cytophotometer. PMID- 1105237 TI - [Physicians of the town of Moncalieri in the 14th and 15th centuries]. PMID- 1105236 TI - [Resuscitation in acute pulmonary edema]. PMID- 1105238 TI - [Mario Caravetta is dead]. PMID- 1105239 TI - [Anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in experimental tests on laboratory animals]. AB - S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) always plays an important role in the metabolism of catecholamines. Since the importance of the latter in the inflammatory process has been reported by several Authors, we examined the effect of SAMe in various tests of acute inflammation (carrageenin and white egg oedema) and chronic inflammation (cotton pellet induced granuloma, adjuvant induced arthritis). Considering the positive results we have obtained and being aware that many drugs with antiinflammatory activity also have an antalgic activity, we examined the effects of a treatment with SAMe on animals subjected to analgesic tests: hot plate and streching by acetic acid in mice. PMID- 1105240 TI - [Pharmacological and clinical aspects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) in primary degenerative arthropathy (osteoarthrosis)]. AB - After some preliminary remarks of a biochemical and pharmacological nature, the authors have started a clinical study to test the antiinflammatory activity of the S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe). An open trial, carried out on 90 patients with severe degenerative arthropathies has shown that 30 mg SAMe intravenously twice a day for 14 days have a marked anti-inflammatory effect a rather term and no side effects. In a "double-crossover" investigation, SAMe was next compared to indomethacin by i.m. administrations to 15 arthropathic patients. The therapeutic responses of the two drugs proved exactly alike, whereas the side-effects following indomethacin administration were not present after SAMe. In 9 patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis administrations of SAMe have proved less effective, although some clinical parameters showed improvements. PMID- 1105241 TI - [The discovery of phyllotaxy by Andrea Cesalpino]. PMID- 1105242 TI - [Antistaphylococcal activity of gentamicin]. AB - A review of the literature suggests the following conclusions: 1) since its first practical use in 1965, namely over the past 10 years, there has been no drop in activity of Gentamicin on Staphylococcus aureus and on numerous other Staphylococcus and/or Micrococcus species. 2) In comparison with the other aminoglycosidic antibiotics employed up to the present, i.e. Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Amminosidine, and Framycetin, Gentamicin has demonstrated a much superior antistaphylococcic activity, and this has also been documented on numerous strains of staphylococci recalcitrant to Kanamycin, Streptomycin, Framycetin and Neomycin. This goes to prove the absence of any cross resistance between Kanamycin, Streptomycin, Framycetin and Neomycin on the one hand and Gentamycin on the other. 3) Along with Rifampicin, certain Cephalosporins (Cephalotine, Cephaloridine) and Pristinamycin-Virgimycin, Gentamicin must undoubtedly be considered a "greater" antibiotic as far as antistaphylococcic activity is concerned. It also has the advantage over other antistaphylococcic acting antibiotics that only in exceptional cases does it give rise to resistant strains. PMID- 1105243 TI - [Current dietetic and pharmacological treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia]. AB - Secondary hyperlipoproteinaemia necessitates direct management of the main disease (hypothyroidism, nephrosis, etc.), whereas primary forms are essentially handled by dietary regimens adapted to subject types, as classified by Fredrickson-Levy-Lees and adopted by the WHO. These regimens are described and discussed schematically. Drugs may be employed if diet proves ineffectual. Anionic exchange resins, d-thyroxine, clofibrate and nicotinic acid have been shown effective for this purpose. Their mechanisms, doses and side-effects are described. The criteria governing their selection are explained in the light of the recent literature and with reference to the six phenotypes proposed by Fredrickson-Levy-Lees. PMID- 1105244 TI - [A painting of historical pharmaceutical interest: "The Pharmacy of the Friars" by Giovanni Migliara (1785-1837)]. PMID- 1105245 TI - [A case of granuloma caused by a plant foreign body retained in the perineal subcutaneous tissue]. AB - A case of granuloma caused by a foreign vegetal body (part of a thorn of Triticum vissosum) lodged in the subcutis of the perineum, observed at the Department of Surgical Symptomatology of Palermo is reported. The clinical case was of interest for the rarity of the way in which the foreign body reached the perineal tissues, the abnormal resulting clinical episode, and the histological finding. The intention is also to demonstrate how at times symptomatology and clinical objectivity are not always enough to guide the physician to correct diagnosis; where historical data are lacking, clinical objectivity, often suggest neoformation of heteroplastic type or aspecific chronic inflammation rather than granulomatous reactions due to foreign bodies. PMID- 1105246 TI - Niacin. PMID- 1105247 TI - Vitamin levels at term and in the neonate. PMID- 1105248 TI - Nutrition classics. The Jouranl of Nutrition Volume 56, Number 3, July 11, 1955, pages 371-386. Studies of niacin requirement in man. II. Requirement on wheat and corn diets low in tryptophan. PMID- 1105249 TI - An accessible archive of human experience. PMID- 1105250 TI - Grace A. Goldsmith, M.D. April 8, 1904-April 28, 1975. PMID- 1105251 TI - Dietary fiber. PMID- 1105252 TI - Acrodermatitis enteropathica--hereditary zinc deficiency. PMID- 1105253 TI - Iron supplementation for gestational anemia: a model field trial. PMID- 1105254 TI - Immune deficiency in malnutrition. PMID- 1105255 TI - Nutrition classics. The Archives of Internal Medicine, Volume I, 1908: The relation of iodin to the structure of the thyroid gland. David Marine, and W. W. Williams. PMID- 1105256 TI - The effect of prolactin on lipoprotein lipase activity. PMID- 1105257 TI - Taurine involvement in retinal and heart muscle function. PMID- 1105258 TI - Bihormonal control of ketogenesis. PMID- 1105259 TI - The role of dietary carbohydrates in plaque formation and oral disease. PMID- 1105260 TI - Microbiologic studies: Part I. Urine cultures--key to diagnosing urinary tract infections. PMID- 1105261 TI - A pupil of John Hunter. PMID- 1105262 TI - Acute effects of stress on renal function in healthy donors. Preliminary report. PMID- 1105263 TI - The flower of English medicine. PMID- 1105264 TI - John Van Alstyne his book. A medical student's lecture notes in 1822. PMID- 1105265 TI - Professor F. R. Shroff. PMID- 1105266 TI - Maurice Edmond Priestley. PMID- 1105267 TI - Clonidine in menopausal flushing: a double-blind trial. AB - Twelve hypertensive women were treated with low doses of the antihypertensive drug clonidine for their menopausal flushing in a double-blind trial. There was a high degree of placebo effect but clonidine at a daily dose of 150mug was more effective than placebo. PMID- 1105269 TI - Reflections on the Bicentennial. PMID- 1105268 TI - Letter: Intravenous anesthesia. PMID- 1105270 TI - The control of quality in New York State's Medicaid program. PMID- 1105271 TI - Odontophilately. PMID- 1105272 TI - Trends in dental equipment. PMID- 1105273 TI - Editorial: 1976--dentistry celebrates the Bicentennial. PMID- 1105274 TI - Abdominal wound disruption. AB - Abdominal wound disruption occurred in 6 cases in a series of 2500 consecutive abdominal laparotomies. A prospective study of 900 laparotomies utilizing polyglycolic acid suture material and the Smead-Jones closure technic was carried out over a period of 1 year with a reduction in the incidence of wound disruption from 0.4 to 0.1%. Etiologic factors placing patients in a high-risk category for disruption are identified, and specific prophylactic measures are discussed. Prevention of catastrophic disruption is advocated because of its high mortality rate, averaging 20%. PMID- 1105275 TI - Pituitary and ovarian response patterns to stimulation in the postpartum and in galactorrhea-amenorrhea. The role of prolactin. AB - In order to assess the action of prolactin on the puerperal pituitary-ovarian resistance to physiologic stimulation, a study was conducted in 27 women divided into three groups. Group I: 9 postpartum women who did not wish to breastfeed their infants and received 2.5 mg bromocriptin (CB 154) twice daily for 14 days starting immediately after delivery; Group II: 9 normally lactating mothers; and Group III: 9 women with hyperprolactinemia associated with amenorrhea. The three groups underwent stimulation with LHRH and Pergonal 500. Results indicate lack of prolactin dependence in the pituitary-ovarian resistance of the puerperium. The possible mechanisms involved in the anovulatory period of lactation are discussed. PMID- 1105276 TI - Obstetric problems in association with anencephaly. A survey of 60 cases. AB - Obstetric problems associated with 60 anencephalic births are analyzed according to cause and severity. Treatment is selected problems is discussed. Early diagnosis and the real problem-prevention-is stressed. PMID- 1105277 TI - Topical anesthesia of the uterine cervix or corpus. AB - A potent topical anesthetic drug, 1% tetracaine, and a placebo were evaluated in a "double-blind" study to determine whether or not topical anesthesia could be achieved on the exocervix, endocervix, and endometrial cavity. No anesthetic effect of tetracaine was demonstrated. PMID- 1105278 TI - Doctors' dining clubs. The beginning of continuing medical education. PMID- 1105279 TI - Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the uterus. AB - The authors present a case of primary uterine reticulum cell sarcoma who developed disseminated disease 6 years after undergoing a total abdominal hysterectomy. Review of the literature reveals 27 other patients with uterine lymphomas. Abnormal vaginal bleeding was the presenting complaint in 66% (14/21) of patients. Reticulum cell sarcoma was the most frequent histologic type, 68% (19/28). 28% of patients were alive and well 6-24 years after therapy. PMID- 1105280 TI - Immunotherapy for prostatic cancer. Previous and prospective considerations. PMID- 1105281 TI - The occurrence and pathology of chlamydiosis in domestic and laboratory animals: a review. AB - The literature on the various disease syndromes caused by chlamydia in domestic and laboratory animals is summarized. A review of the pathological lesions which characterize these diseases is presented and the pathogenesis of chlamydiosis is briefly discussed. Some aspects of unpublished findings on the occurrence of intestinal, kidney and genital lesions in natural and experimental cases of chlamydiosis in cattle and sheep, abortions and conjunctivitis in horses in South Africa are recorded. PMID- 1105282 TI - Gamma camera images of the salivary gland using 99mTc. Report of four cases. AB - Following the intravenous injection of 99mTc pertechnetate, the gamma camera enabled us to define the dynamic characteristics of salivary gland function as well as morphologic characteristics in a normal patient and in three patients with diseased parotid glands. We will continue this study in an attempt to define further the functional and morphologic characteristics of abnormal salivary glands. PMID- 1105283 TI - [Thomas Willis (1621-1675)]. PMID- 1105284 TI - [Traces of folk medicine in Hungary in the 18th century]. PMID- 1105285 TI - [Tamas Marschalko]. PMID- 1105286 TI - [Daniel Fischer and the planning of the 1st Hungarian medical journal]. PMID- 1105287 TI - [The Pharmaceutical Journal of Kalman Csurgay]. PMID- 1105288 TI - [Music therapy in 19th century Hungary]. PMID- 1105289 TI - [A.F. Cournand, pioneer in respiratory function testing]. PMID- 1105290 TI - [The sons of the physician Pariz Papai and an unknown edition of the Pax Corporis]. PMID- 1105291 TI - [Attempt at lowering the hazards of electroshock therapy during relaxation]. PMID- 1105292 TI - [Janos Daniel Perliczy (1705-1778), first supporter of the foundation of a medical school at Pest]. PMID- 1105293 TI - [The first medical lectures at the University of Nagyszombat, 1770]. PMID- 1105294 TI - [Dissertations at Nagyszombat in 1775]. PMID- 1105295 TI - [Gyula Eross]. PMID- 1105296 TI - [Public health documents in the studies of cultural history by Sandor Takats]. PMID- 1105297 TI - [Douglas Gouthrie (1885-1975)]. PMID- 1105298 TI - [Intravascular coagulation disorder in septic shock]. PMID- 1105299 TI - [Laszlo Lajos, M.D. (1904-1975)]. PMID- 1105300 TI - [Successful streptomycin therapy of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Acinobacter Iwoffii infection]. PMID- 1105301 TI - [Hygiene in the past]. PMID- 1105302 TI - [The 1st professor of radiology, Gyula Elischer]. PMID- 1105303 TI - [Gusztav Dirner, 1855-1912]. PMID- 1105304 TI - [Richard Caton and 100 years of electroencephalography]. PMID- 1105305 TI - [Recent findings in the physiology of the eye. On the 75th birthday of R. Granit]. PMID- 1105306 TI - [Akos Puky (1845-1905)]. PMID- 1105307 TI - [Differential diagnosis of congenital heart defects by punched-card method]. PMID- 1105308 TI - [Jozsef Lote (1856-1938)]. PMID- 1105309 TI - [Thomas Watson, forerunner of Semmelweis]. PMID- 1105310 TI - [Tivadar Bakody, Hungarian Professor of nature medicine and homeopathy]. PMID- 1105311 TI - [Regulation of medical fees in 1900]. PMID- 1105312 TI - [Janos Paterson-Hain, pioneer of microscopy and paleontology]. PMID- 1105313 TI - [The First Congress on History of Medicine in the Danube Countries]. PMID- 1105314 TI - [Salmonella meningitis in infancy]. PMID- 1105315 TI - Clinical observations on dengue shock syndrome (an evaluation of steroid treatment). PMID- 1105316 TI - [Prof. Hermann Zischinsky, M.D., 1897-1975]. PMID- 1105317 TI - [Study of the direct immunofluorescence method for the differentiation of trichomonad serotypes]. AB - It is possible to differentiate the serotypes of Trichomonas vaginalis by the direct immunofluorescent method using the tupe-specific antisera labelled with fluorescein-isot-hiocyanate. The most decisive factor in expressing the degree of induced fluorescence is the serotype of the protozoa. Evans blue, which has an intensive red fluorescence, totally eliminates the green autofluorescence of T. vaginalis and does not influence the induced specific fluorescence. PMID- 1105318 TI - Lung growth and alveolar multiplication. AB - As the lung grows in volume from infancy to adult life, considerable amounts of tissue are added to the lung, mostly as a result of alveolar multiplication. Species differences may exist: at birth alveoli are absent in mice and rats but alveoli are generally thought to be present in humans at birth. Alveolar multiplication is brought about by the subdivision of the primitive terminal units, primary pulmonary saccules, by secondary alveolar crests, and by alveolarization of nonalveolated and partly alveolated airways. The exact method of alveolar development and the relative importance of the above modes of alveolar growth are not known. In the first few days of life in rats and mice, there is a phase of dilatation of the lung, followed by a phase of rapid cellular and tissue proliferation. Subsequently, remodeling of the lung occurs, during which stage lung tissue increases little and dilatation is more prominent; this leads to stretching of the alveolar walls. Alveolar multiplication may occur throughout life in the rat. In human subjects, alveolar multiplication is most rapid in the first few years of life. After this, it appears to slow and perhaps stop by age 8 years, although there is some suggestion that alveolar multiplication may continue until somatic growth stops. Pneumonectomy produces enlargement and increase in tissue of the contralateral lung by virtue of cellular hyperplasia. Alveolar multiplication likely does not occur. Diminution of intrathoracic volumes produces small lungs which, in the human, may also have too few alveoli if the chest wall deformity has its onset in infancy or in intrauterine life. High altitude produces large, heavy lungs which may have more alveoli than normal. PMID- 1105319 TI - Cancer and host defense mechanisms. PMID- 1105320 TI - Mechanisms of tissue injury in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - SLE is a syndrome with protean clinical manifestation, a diversity of immunologic abnormalities, and a host of potential etiologic agents. In recent years, considerable information has been accumulated concerning the immunopathogenesis of SLE, and significant advances have been made in the treatment of the disease by utilizing immunosuppressive therapy. Further investigation will be needed to clarify the mechanisms of tissue injury, especially as they relate to the CNS, and to identify the factors responsible for initiating the SLE syndrome. PMID- 1105321 TI - The coronary arteries in coronary heart disease: Morphologic observations. PMID- 1105322 TI - Isoenzymes of CPK and LDH in myocardial infarction and certain other diseases. PMID- 1105323 TI - The sleep-dream cycle: A neurobiological rhythm. PMID- 1105324 TI - Immunochemical probes of human chromosome organization. PMID- 1105325 TI - [Study in man of the blood and urinary effects of intense muscular exercise on certain elements of protein metabolism]. AB - The effect of heavy physical exercise of long and short duration was studied on a group of 33 sportsmen and non-sportsmen after a run on a treadmill. Blood samples were taken just before the exercise, just after, one hour later and the next day. Urine was collected during the 24 hours preceeding the exercise, just after, one hour after, and then until the following day. Urea, uric acid, creatinine were analysed in each sample and amount of excretion calculated. The results, show an obvious rise in protein catabolism. The increase in urea and uric acid is the consequence of increased adrenal functioning and the increase in creatinine can be explained as the consequence of an increase in its metabolism from phosphagen and creatine. A temporary impairment in renal function, resulting from hemodynamic and humoral conditions was also observed. The relative importance of these two mechanisms varies with the different subjects. PMID- 1105326 TI - [Renal functions and extracorporeal circulation]. AB - During 76 extracorporeal circulations (CEC) carried out for open heart operations using an identical protocol, the authors carried out renal function tests from the time of administration of the anesthetic to the post-operative period. Various periods may be distinguished: pre-operative, anesthesia induction (CEC 1, CEC 2) post induction (CEC 1, post CEC 2) finally, the post-operative period (post-operative 1 to 4). As far as renal hemodynamics are concerned, the authors made the following observations: constant reduction in thiosulphate clearance and endogenous creatinine clearance, which reflect glomerular filtration. Reduction in PAH clearance, which reflects renal perfusion. Taking into consideration changes in the hematocrit, one may consider that there is a reduction in renal blood flow at all stages of anesthesia. Taking into consideration concomitant variations in blood pressure, one may calculate that intrarenal resistances are increased. The diuresis/minute increases in very great proportions during induction of anesthesia. Plasma osmolality also increases, urinary osmolality becomes reduced and osmolar clearance rises. The ratio between osmolar clearance and creatinine clearance rises. The clearance of free water rises from negative values. The serum sodium becomes slightly reduced, and sodium diuresis increases. Serum potassium becomes slightly reduced and urinary potassium rises. The interpretation of these phenomena is difficult and should take into consideration the experimental conditions. Comparison with published results shows that there are definite differences depending on whether pure or diluted blood is used. It is however, possible to seek the role of the anesthetic, the thoracotomy or the extracorporeal circulation itself and its load, quite independent of prior changes due to decompensation or not of the congenital heart disease, whether or not it has been treated. The study of these changes in renal function permits one to understand better the precariousness of renal perfusion during extracorporeal circulation, imperfectly corrected by osmotic diuresis and responsible for transient and reversible renal hypofunction, liable to lead however, in cases of complications and prolonged low blood flow, to organic renal failure. PMID- 1105327 TI - [Ultrastructure of the blood platelets in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]. AB - The platelets of 3 undoubted cases of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and of 1 suspected case have been investigated from the ultrastructural point of view. The platelet defects were striking by their small size, variable and distorted shape with numerous microvillosities, degranulated cytoplasm (scarce granules or lysosomes, rare mitochondria) and the distension of the canalicular system. The specificity of the ultrastructural platelet defects was discussed in comparison with other hereditary platelet diseases. An attempt was made to find out the meaning of the platelet alterations in this immunologic deficiency. PMID- 1105328 TI - [Reference values in biology. Use and special value in preventive medicine]. AB - The idea of reference values should replace in biology, the idea of normal or abnormal values. In fact, progress in physiopathology and laboratory techniques has demonstrated the difficulty of fine interpretation of laboratory examinations. It is first necessary to understand factors of variation due to sampling, then the techniques of analysis themselves. Then, the importance of variations within and between individuals for each laboratory examination. Among the most important factors, we may quote age, sex, drugs, exercise, etc. These various possibilities of interference may be classified in order to remember only those which may falsify reference values, i.e. the values used for clinical interpretation. Thus, these factors are of greater importance in preventive medicine where finer and earlier variations may be observed. The best reference is that of the individual himself, if laboratory examinations are to be used profitably both in preventive and curative medicine. It would be necessary to draw up, for each subject, reference values during a period of good health between the ages of 18 and 25. PMID- 1105329 TI - Alpha-glucosidases (gamma-amylases) in human and animal organisms. PMID- 1105330 TI - [Determination of hemoglobin in gastric juice]. AB - Among the complications of surgical operations gastric haemorrhages are often unpredictable. Detecting them during the infraclinical stage is possible by measuring hemoglobin in the gastric juice. We have adopted a method allowing the measurement of very low concentrations of hemoglobin. PMID- 1105331 TI - Effectiveness of carbenicillin - aminoglycoside and of cephalothin-aminoglycoside combinations against enterococci in vitro. AB - Combination of carbenicillin and cephalothin with various aminoglycosides (gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, kanamycin and amikacin) were studied in vitro using 20 strains of enterococci isolated from clinical material. The addition of the aminoglycosides to carbenicillin increased the rate of bactericidal action of carbenicillin on most strains. Little benefit was obtained by adding the aminoglycosides to cephalothin and antagonistic action has been observed on some strains. PMID- 1105332 TI - [Tetrazolim nitroblue reduction test. Influence of the latex on the reliability of the results]. AB - The finding of sudden variations in the results of the N.B.T. reduction test, using Baehner and Nathan's technique, depending on the latex used, led the authors to doubt the quality of this latex. A comparative study was carried out on adult controls with two different types of latex. With the new type of latex, the results were more reproducible and the sensitivity of the technique was increased. A study in rheumatoid arthritis confirmed these two findings and showed that the new latex was more reliable using the N.B.T. reduction test. PMID- 1105333 TI - [Trial of use of computer technology for the assistance of neurologic diagnosis]. AB - This article describes our experience of computer-assisted diagnosis. The original aspects of this work are both the subject chosen and the method used. Our study of clinical and semiological data included the whole of neurological signs above the spinal cord. The interest of the method, based on Bayes theory was in the use of auto-learning and the sample of patients studied as our experience increased. The preliminary results are encouraging, with 85 % correct results, if one considers the first three replies. PMID- 1105334 TI - [Current data on growth hormone]. AB - The present concept of growth hormone is not that of an isolated hormone. Growth hormone is closely related to all other parts of system. Chemically, it belongs of to a family of 3 hormones, with prolactin and human placental lactogen. This chemical relationship produces some similar effects. Physiologically, it belongs to a series of hormonal secretions of which the elements are gradually recognized. Above, it is under the control of a releasing factor, still not identified : somatostatin which is an inhibiting factor, tetradecapeptide recently isolated ; below, the majority of the totality of its actions are developped through another hormone, or group of hormones : somatomedine. Present work on this endocrine system suggests new therapeutic prospects. PMID- 1105335 TI - Method for diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital assay by gas chromatography. AB - A rapid and easy method for determination of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital in plasma by gas liquid chromatography which provides monitoring of epileptic patients therapy is described. These drugs are extracted from plasma by partitioning between cholroform and buffered aqueous phase. The final extract is evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved in an internal standard (methaqualone) solution. An amount of the final extract is injected tnto OV1 3% column at 230degreeC without previous derivative formation. The results are compared to those obtained by thin layer chromatography followed by colorimetry. PMID- 1105336 TI - [Genetic manipulations in vitro]. PMID- 1105337 TI - [Current evaluation of epidemiologic research on the Australia antigen in Senegal]. AB - Prevalence of the antigen Australia has been measured in Senegal in different urban groups an rural communities. Three facts seem to characterize the epidemiology of hepatitis B in the sahel area of Senegal. The high level of the prevalence is for all ages, for both sexes and in all the groups. The rapid appearance of the antigen HB in very young children. The decrease of this prevalence from the age of 8 years. This high level of the prevalence seems much more in connection with the intensity of interpersonal contacts than the activity of the anopheline mosquito. For immunologic reasons, in connection with the age at which the children were infected, with the interference of other multiple seem more able to develop chronic infection. PMID- 1105338 TI - [The lymph node during immunologic disorders. Anatomo-immunologic correlations: recent progress in the standardization of morphological data]. PMID- 1105339 TI - The dynamics of granulomas and the significance of epithelioid cells. PMID- 1105340 TI - [Kintetics of lymph node reaction during humoral immunization. Ultrastructural autoradiographic study]. AB - An ultrastructural autoradiographic analysis was done in order to study the kinetics of the lymph node cellular reactions during primary immunization of the mouse with heterologous red blood cells. A single injection of 3H-thymidine is given 24 hours or 48 hours after the antigen administration ; the animals are sacrified 2 to 48 hours later. The localisation of the labelled immunoblasts varies : they are first concentrated in the germinal centers to be dispersed later in the paracortical area and to infiltrate finally the medullar cords, where they change into plasma cells. These results suggest strongly the existence of an immunoblast migration from the cortex to the medulla. PMID- 1105341 TI - [Stereologic analysis of differentiation of immunocompetent cells during reactions of humoral type]. AB - Previous investigations have shown that, during a primary reaction against a single injection of heterologous red blood cells in the Mouse, immunoblasts migrate from the lymph node germinal centers to the medullary cords through the paracortical area. In that study, we combined ultrastructural examination with stereological methods in order to analyze the differentiation of the immunocompetent cells during this migration. The data permit one to characterize two important events in this differentiation. Between the 12th and 24th hour after the antigen injection, when the germinal centers are being dispersed, the cytoplasmic volume of the cells increases 2.5 fold. The estimated number of ribosomes per cell increases from 350,000 to 1 X 10(6) and the volumetric and surface densities of endoplasmic reticulum increase by a factor of 10. Four days later, 120 hours after the antigen administration, the immunoblasts, now located in the medullary cords, show a spectacular increase in the volume and surface density of endoplasmic reticulum, and in the surface density of Golgi membranes. This change results in the transformation of immunoblasts into young plasma cells. Between these two developments, there is a three day period during which the immunoblasts undergo little change. PMID- 1105342 TI - [Morphological aspects of lymphoid tissue during immunodeficiency diseases in children]. PMID- 1105343 TI - [Stimulation of macrophages by phospholipids]. PMID- 1105344 TI - Response of macrophages to bacterial infection with special reference to their lysosomes. PMID- 1105345 TI - [Survival in gazeous phase and reconstitution "in vitro" of the natural microenvironment of alveolar macrophages]. AB - Alveolar macrophages of guinea pigs laid on a porous membrane applied to the surface of a reservior filled with nutrient fluid, may be maintained in survival in gaseous phase. The addition of biological material obtained by centrifugation of the broncho-alveolar nutrient fluid, creates in vitro a micro-environment comparable to the physiological alveolar or bronchial environment. Examination of these macrophages under the light and electron microscopes, and study of their phagocytic and bactericidal activity, demonstrate the value of this experimental model, which opens new possibilities for research on the means of phagocytic defence of the respiratory apparatus and their disturbances by gases which pollute the atmosphere. PMID- 1105346 TI - [Quantitative evaluation and homeostasis of alveolar macrophage populations]. AB - The rat's alveolar macrophage population is a biological constant which significantly varies according to the season, the strain and the bacteriological state,in healthy animals. The percent rate of excreted macrophages remains constant in spite of the physiological changes of the total population variation. This rate is close to 3,5 %. So, the variations of the population are due to the changes in cell arrival. The possible different sources of alveolar macrophages are analysed and evaluated. The direct monocyte source is not sufficient to insure the stability of this population. Division of intra alveolar macrophage enables homeostasis. In pathological conditions, variations of cell populations result from two effects : reduction of excretion, positive or negative changes in cellular influx. PMID- 1105347 TI - [Detection of intracellular constituants by means of labelled enzymes]. PMID- 1105348 TI - Immunofluorescent demonstration of lymphocyte surface Markers. AB - 1. A microscopy system giving good fluorescence at 400 times magnification or greater is essential, and in effect this means a vertical illumination incident light system of the Ploem type, with optical quality lenses and objectives. 2. Enumeration of positive cells must allow for the probability of contamination of separated mononuclear cell preparations by monocytic cells. 3. The specificity of the immunofluorescent reagents used must be rigorously checked, and the presence of aggregated labelled IgG excluded. 4. The concurrent use of an independent method of identifying T-cells provides an important check, especially when there is a possibility of anti-lymphocytic antibodies being present. 5. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, tests for surface markers for T and for B cells may permit detection of the less common T-cell leukaemia, which may have a graver prognosis. 6. Immunofluorescence tests a morphological lymphocytic marker. In the more subtle forms of lymphocytic disturbance, there is a need for tests of lymphocyte function. PMID- 1105349 TI - [Application of the immunoperoxidase method to the study of the membrane of human lymphocytes]. AB - Immunoelectron microscopy was applied to human lymphocytes exposed to purified peroxidase-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin. Indeed, detectable surface immunoglobulins are a salient feature of so-called " B " lymphocytes. On living cells, a rapid and massive internatization of the labelled membrane is observed. Prior glutaraldehyde cell fixation avoids such a phenomenon. Thus, exposure of fixed cells to conjugated anti-immunoglobulin allows the visualization of a dense and continuous specific membrane labelling. Immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes have a characteristic membrane surrounded with numerous microvilli. On the other hand, non-labelled lymphocytes have a smooth membrane. Intermediate forms are also noted among these extreme morphological features. PMID- 1105350 TI - [Cytomorphologic distinction of lymphocytes of thymic origin and medullary origin]. PMID- 1105351 TI - [Early components of complement in glomerular depositions]. PMID- 1105352 TI - [Immunoperoxidase in glomerular pathology]. PMID- 1105353 TI - [ Products of fibrin degradation in the urine during experimental and human glomerulonephritis]. AB - Intravascular coagulation localized in glomeruli is of pathologic importance in human and experimental GN. The measure of fibrinogen related antigen (FRA) in serum and urine after concentration (Merskey's technique) was used to detect and estimate this phenomenon. In Rabbit Masugi GN, FRA were detected in urine 5 to 20 mg/24 h, in close correlation with the amount of proteinuria, the intesity of histological changes and the presence of fibrin deposits in glomeruli. In human GN, urine FRA were detected in many cases (0,5-10 mg/24 h) in correlation with the histological type of lesions (FRA + in primary or secondary proliferative GN) and with the evolutivity of disease (FRA + in cases with rapidly progressive kidney function deficiency). Urine FRA are also in correlation with intraglomerular fibrin deposits : this suggests that urine FRA originate from lysis of fibrin deposited within glomeruli. So urine FRA appears to be an indicator of type and severity of GN and probably of therapeutic measures, indicating anticoagulant and/or antithrombic therapy : the variations of urine FRA during treatment is of value to assess the effects of these drugs and to establish the prognosis of the disease. PMID- 1105354 TI - [Immunopathology of the kidney in disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1105355 TI - [Histiocytosis X: a differentiated histiocytic process]. PMID- 1105356 TI - [Determination of glomerular and tubular clearance in children without urine collection]. AB - The determination of glomerular and tubular clearance in a child was carried out by using a method excluding urine collection, with a continuous intravenous infusion of polyfructosan and para-amino-hippuric acid. A loading injection followed by a continuous perfusion provides a constant plasmatic level 150 minutes after the beginning of the study. PMID- 1105357 TI - Obituary: Elaine Marjory Little. PMID- 1105358 TI - Mechanisms of fat absorption and the development of gastrointestinal function. PMID- 1105359 TI - Recent developments in viral gastroenteritis. PMID- 1105360 TI - Small intestinal disaccharidase deficiencies. PMID- 1105361 TI - Current concepts in gluten sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue). PMID- 1105362 TI - Gastrointestinal manifestations of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1105363 TI - Immunodeficiency syndromes and gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 1105364 TI - An approach to pediatric gastrointestinal radiology. PMID- 1105365 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 1105366 TI - Clinical and physiological abnormalities in hepatic function. PMID- 1105367 TI - Hepatomegaly. An approach to differential diagnosis. AB - Hepatomegaly is not an uncommon occurrence in infancy and childhood. When the pediatrician encounters a patient with an enlarged liver, he must carefully evaluate that patient in order to determine the necessary approach to establishing a diagnosis. Specific emphasis must be made as to those conditions which necessitate hospital admission and complete evaluation and those self limited conditions which may resolve with time. PMID- 1105368 TI - Wilson's disease. A treatable liver disease in children. PMID- 1105369 TI - [Biological peculiarities of the etiology in connection with various clinical manifestations of Sonne dysentery in children]. PMID- 1105370 TI - Pyritinol hydrochloride and cognitive functions: influence on children in slow learner classes. AB - Pyritinol-HCl was tested for its impact on the cognitive functions of children with learning disabilities. This study is a contribution to scientific discussion on the complicated methodologic problems in evaluating the clinical efficacy of psychopharmacologic agents. Sixty-seven pupils of slow learner classes between the ages of 11 and 16 years were treated for 6 months with 300 mg pyritinol HCl/24 hr or placebo under strict double-blind conditions. Drug intake was stimulated and controlled by means of intense psychosocial interaction with the mothers of the subjects. The dependence variables used to test medication effects were 22 parameters of cognitive performance measured in psychologic tests for perceptual and intellectual functions which were administered immediately before and after the medication phase. First the gainscores before and after treatment with pyritinol or placebo within the 22 cognitive parameters were statistically compared. In addition, an analysis of covariance on the corrected results of the second test (treating the results of first testing as covariates) and a two group discriminant analysis for overall differences were performed. None of the 22 parameters showed statistically significant treatment effects with respect to average performance (t (pyritinol - placebo) = 1.96 to 1.31), neither could the two groups be separated by discriminant analysis (Hotelling's T2 = 35.4, df - 22 and 43, P = 0.465). With respect to a variability of gainscores, however, in four parameters there was a significantly higher variance in the pyritinol group (F = 1.85-2.33, P less than 0.05, less than 0.02, respectively). This fact may signify that pyritinol-HCl had different effects on different subjects. By means of prognostic stratification we therefore attempted to define objective criteria for a selection of subjects with probable positive treatment effects. None of the 15 tested criteria, such as body weight, age, perceptual handicaps, or reduced short term memory, IQ range, proved, however, to be critical for a prognosis of pyritinol effects within the present test population. PMID- 1105371 TI - Plasma growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon responses to arginine infusion in children and adolescents with idiopathic short stature, isolated growth hormone deficiency, panhypopituitarism, and anorexia nervosa. AB - The effects of intravenous infusion of arginine (20 g/m2) after an overnight fast on plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (GH), insulin (IRI), and glucagon (IRG), and blood glucose were examined in five groups of children and adolescents: 10 normal individuals, 18 with idiopathic short stature, 6 with isolated growth hormone deficiency, 8 with panhypopituitarism, and 6 with anorexia nervosa. The mean fasting plasma GH concentration was significantly elevated in the group with anorexia nervosa (P less than 0.05), and similar to the value for the normal group in all other groups. After arginine infusion, four- to sixfold increases of plasma GH were observed in the normal children, and similar increases were seen in those with idiopathic short stature as well as in those with anorexia nervosa; whereas, in the children with isolated growth hormone deficiency or panhypopituitarism, there was no significant increase in plasma GH. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly lower than normal in subjects with isolated growth hormone deficiency (P less than 0.05), panhypopituitarism (P less than 0.001), and anorexia nervosa (P less than 0.001), whereas fasting plasma IRI and IRG concentrations were similar to the values in the normal group. Plasma IRI increased eightfold at the end of the 30-min arginine infusion in the normal subjects; the increase was slightly but not significantly less in those with idiopathic short stature, and significantly less in those with isolated growth hormone deficiency (P less than 0.05), panhypopituitarism (P less than 0.001), and anorexia nervosa (P less than 0.05). Arginine infusion resulted in two- to threefold increases of plasma IRG in the normal group, and similar increases were observed in all of the other groups tested. These results suggest that whereas pancreatic beta cell responsiveness may be deficient in children and adolescents with isolated growth hormone deficiency, panhypopituitarism, or anorexia nervosa, pancreatic alpha cell responsiveness, to arginine at least, appears to be intact under these conditions. PMID- 1105372 TI - [Blood clotting and fibrinolytic systems in fetuses and newborn infants]. PMID- 1105373 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in fetuses and newborn infants]. PMID- 1105374 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Anna Lacka, 1881-1975]. PMID- 1105375 TI - Kanamycin and gentamicin treatment of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. AB - Mortality from neonatal meningitis due to gram-negative microorganisms remains 50% despite use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Blood was obtained on 238 occasions from 77 neonates with putative or documented sepsis; paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained on 14 occasions from ten neonates with meningitis. Kanamycin and gentamicin were measured by a radioisotopic assay procedure. Kanamycin was administered at 15 mg/kg/day in three divided doses intravenously; serum concentrations peaked at one hour (mean, 7.77mug/ml). Gentamicin was administered at 7.5 mg/kg/day in three divided doses intravenously; serum concentrations peaked at two hours (mean, 5.34mug/ml). Both aminoglycosides generally were nondetectable within the CSF; survival of neonates with gram-negative meningitis correlated specifically with the sensitivity of their isolates to ampicillin which was administered concurrently. This study suggests that alternative approaches to the treatment of neonatal sepsis should be explored; administration of an antibiotic which crosses the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier more readily should be considered. PMID- 1105376 TI - Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - Attention is directed to the diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis and the possibility of its clinical recognition is discussed. Three case histories, two diagnosed at autopsy and one clinically, are presented. The latter was treated with very generous doses of steroids and recovered spectacularly. On omission of steroids, a mild, temporary clinical recurrence occurred. Clinical, clinico-pathologic, and pathologic aspects of the disease are discussed, and etiologic factors mentioned. Some thoughts on the relationship of this disease to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis are mentioned. Differential diagnosis is considered and the use of biopsy for confirmation of diagnosis especially from herpes encephalitis considered. A plea is made for the trial of treatment with large doses of steroids. PMID- 1105377 TI - The surgical management of pediatric breast masses. AB - Information regarding the surgical management of breast masses in the pediatric age group is sparse and is primarily directed at unusual neoplasms. We have reviewed the surgical treatment of 50 patients with inflammatory and neoplastic breast masses occurring in a 15-year period (1957 to 1973) at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles. There were 42 girls and 8 boys, ranging in age from 12 days to 18 years. All patients had either surgical excision or incision and drainage of the masses with a subsequent histologic diagnosis. A variety of pathologic entities were encountered, but there were no primary malignancies. There were 33 patients with fibroadenomas, including four patients with multiple masses. Thirteen patients, six of whom were male, had cellulitis with an underlying breast abscess. The offending organism was gram-negative in one third of these abscesses. While none of the masses in this series were malignant, surgery was indicated to (1) establish diagnosis, (2) allay fears of patient, family, and referring physician, and (3) correct an obvious cosmetic deformity. Surgical drainage encouraged resolution of the inflammatory process, aided in the recovery of the organism, and assured appropriate drug therapy. PMID- 1105378 TI - Mortality from tuberculous meningitis reduced by steroid therapy. AB - In this study of 99 tuberculous meningitis patients from Cali, Colombia, treatment with steroids (in conjunction with antituberculous drugs) was shown to be more effective in reducing mortality than treatment with antibacterial drugs alone. Results further suggest that low dosages of steroids (1 mg/kg of prednisone daily for r 30 days) are equally effective in treating the disease as high dosages (10 mg/kg of prednisone at the start of treatment, gradually reduced over a 30-day period). These results are band 4(-43 and -kk mg/100 ml) demonstrated cerebral release. Arterial blood hyperammonemia can be detoxified safely in the brain as long as the levels do not exceed approximately 300 mug/100 ml. Beyond that level lactic acidosis is observed, particularly in cerebral venous drainage. Arterial blood hyperammonemia was also related to the extent of alveolar hyperventilation. These findings are very similar to those seen in experimental hyperammonemia and support the concept that neurotoxicity in children with Reye's syndrome is at least partly due to impaired oxidative metabolism secondary to hyperammonemia. PMID- 1105379 TI - [Use of indirect test of mast cell degranulation in diagnosis of food allergy in children]. PMID- 1105380 TI - [Method of leukoconcentration in diagnosis of lymphoreticulosarcoma in children]. PMID- 1105381 TI - [Macrofollicular lymphoblastoma (Brill-Symmers disease) in children]. PMID- 1105382 TI - [Certain cytochemical indicators of neutrophils in acute dysentery Sonnei in children]. PMID- 1105383 TI - [Histidinemia]. PMID- 1105384 TI - [Ocular localizations in Candida albicans septicemia in children. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 1105385 TI - [Bicarbonate and neonatal resuscitation]. PMID- 1105386 TI - [Prognostic value of evoked potentials for the study of the cerebral future of children with idiopathic respiratory distress treated with continuous positive pressure respiration]. PMID- 1105387 TI - [Molecular pathology of immunological deficiency. Apropos of adenosine deaminase deficiency and nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency]. PMID- 1105388 TI - Knowledge and prematurity: the journey from transformation to DNA. PMID- 1105389 TI - Changing concepts in developmental neurobiology. PMID- 1105390 TI - A comment on historical analysis in biochemistry. PMID- 1105391 TI - Science, politics, and society. PMID- 1105392 TI - Letter: British biochemistry (Dr. Casimir Funk). PMID- 1105393 TI - Voices in the labyrinth: dialogues around the study of nature. PMID- 1105394 TI - Multiple sclerosis: a new hypothesis. PMID- 1105395 TI - The heart as hostile witness. PMID- 1105396 TI - Speculations concerning opium abuse and world history. PMID- 1105397 TI - Determination of extracellular fluid volume in the dog with ferrocyanide. AB - The suitability of ferocyanide as an indicator for the measurement of extracellular fluid volume was tested. Added ferrocyanide could be recovered completely from urine, plasma and blood. In in vitro experiments ferrocyanide did not penetrate into erythrocytes, nor did it adhere to the red cell membrane. In gel filtration and electrophoresis experiments binding of ferrocyanide to plasma proteins could not be demonstrated. In in vivo experiments on dogs, the urinary recovery of intravenously administered ferrocyanide was 98.9 +/- 2.1% (n = 14). The partition ratio of ferrocyanide between lymph water and plasma water was 0.99 +/- 0.02 (n = 20). Ferrocyanide could not be detected in cerebrospinal fluid or red cells of dogs after administration by intravenous infusion. No untoward effects of the infused ferrocyanide were observed during or after the experiments. In nephrectomized dogs ferrocyanide reached its ultimate distribution volume 2 hrs after intravenous administration of a single dose and remained constant for up to 10 hrs. The average distribution volume was 224 +/- 17 ml-kg-1 body mass (n = 6). In intact dogs continuously infused with indicator, ferrocyanide also reached its ultimate distribution volume in 2 hrs and remained constant thereafter for up to 7 hrs after the start of the infusion. The average distribution volume was 237 +/- 27 ml-kg-1 body mass (n = 14). It is concluded that ferrocyanide fulfils the requirements to be met by an indicator for the measurement of the extracellular volume, and is well suited for repeated determinations of the extracellular fluid volume in one and the same experiment. PMID- 1105398 TI - Outflow from the left and the right coronary artery into the coronary sinus in the dog heart in situ. AB - The fractions of the left and the right coronary arterial flow determining coronary sinus flow (facs, facd) were measured in the open-chest dog. Both coronary arteries were isolated and perfused at the same pressure, while the sinus outflow was isolated and drained against the prevailing mean pressure in the right atrium. The fractions were determined by injecting 51Cr labeled erythrocytes into each coronary artery selectively and measuring the total resulting radioactivity in the sinus blood. In addition, they were estimated from flow measurements. The values of facs and facd were found to approximate 0.70 and 0.02 respectively. The variability between the different dog hearts was considerable and it was demonstrated that they were not intercomparable with respect to their coronary flow distribution. PMID- 1105399 TI - The passing, to the great beyond of a gallant nurse and a lover of Africans. Tribute to Mother Mary Martin. PMID- 1105400 TI - A care study on myelomeningocele. PMID- 1105401 TI - [A hypophysis-abscess-syndrome in cattle. I. Clinical investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105402 TI - Preweaning mortality in pigs. 6. Incidence and causes of pneumonia. PMID- 1105403 TI - Preweaning mortality in pigs. 7. Polyarthritis. AB - The incidence and causes of polyarthritis in sucking pigs were studied in herds with 2,936 litters during a 2-year period. Among pigs more than 3 days old, the average morbidity rate was 3.3 per cent and the mortality rate amounted to 1.5 per cent (Table I). Among herds the morbidity ranged from 0.9 to 7.0 per cent and the mortality due to polyarthritis from 0.5 to 2.8 per cent. The incidences of polyarthritis were higher in the progeny of gilts than in the progeny of sows of other age groups (Table II). No consistens correlation between litter size at birth and the mortality rate due to polyarthritis was found (Table III). Cases of polyarthritis were observed in 17.8 per cent of the examined litters. Death due to polyarthritis occurred in 10.8 per cent of the litters (Table I); 67.3 per cent of the fatal cases occurred sporadically with only one pig lost per litter (Table IV). The mortality due to polyarthritis appeared to be higher in male pigs (Table V). An analysis of some possible contributory factors showed that the frequency of polyarthritis was adversely affected by new introduction of female breeding stock, clipping of the canine teeth and tail docking in the new-born, and by occurrence of skin diseases in individual piglets (Table VI, IX & XII). No obvious relation was found with such factors as: season of the year, sow's health condition, herd size (Table I), or hygiene level in the individual herds (Table VIII). Death due to polyarthritis occurred most frequently in pigs 2--4 weeks of age (Table X). The pathological lesions, which varied according to the duration of the inflammation and to the aetiology, are described. Arthritis was most frequently observed in the larger limb joints, although every joint may be affected (Table XI). In the majority of the cases a meningoencephalitis was present. A survey of other concomitant, complicating or possible predisposing lesions are presented (Table XII). The bacteriological examination of joints and other organs Table XIII) showed that haemolytic streptococci by far dominated as causative organism. Staphylococci species and E. coli were isolated from affected joints in 6.4 per cent and 4.3 per cent of the pigs, respectively. C. pyogenes and E. rhusiopathiae were rarely encountered in these sucking pigs with polyarthritis. Aspects of the epidemiology and pathogenesis are discussed in regard of minimizing the losses due to polyarthritis/meningitis in sucking pigs. PMID- 1105404 TI - The influence of oral administered iron compounds on the intestinal absorption of immunoglobulin-G in newborn piglets. AB - The intestinal absorption of IgG from colostrum in newborn piglets was not disturbed by oral administration of iron preparations used for prophylactic treatment of anaemia in piglets. Iron dextran, ferrous fumarate or a combination of these compounds were administered simultaneously with the colostrum supply, soon after birth and the concentrations of IgG in serum were determined. PMID- 1105405 TI - [Dexon, applicability in the horse (author's transl)]. AB - Dexon is a new, synthetic, absorbable suture material. Its applicability for suturing distally in the extremities of horses was tested in 65 cases. The indications included burried sutures as well as skin closure. It was concluded that the material can be used with advantage in cases traditionally sutured with catgut, vetafil or mersilene. It is technically a pleasant material and has further the advantage that it shall not be removed. PMID- 1105406 TI - A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. I. Histology of the hairy skin of dogs and cats. AB - The structure and function of normal hairy skin of dogs anc cats are surveyed. The appearence of sections processed and stained by routine methods is emphasized. A bibliography is provided. PMID- 1105407 TI - The incidence of Salmonella bacteria in Danish wildlife and in imported animals. AB - Based upon examination during the three-year-period 1972-74 of 2519 Danish game animals and of 415 warmblooded and 214 cold-blooded animals of foreign origin an attempt has been made to make out the incidence of Salmonella infection among Danish game as compared to Danish domestic animals, to estimate the risk of cross contamination in the kitchen from such animals, to find out if Danish game are infected from polluted areas, and to uncover the possible risk of introducing new Salmonella species with imported animals. The results (Table I) show a Salmonella incidence of 0.9% among Danish game, 1.3% among warm-blooded animals of foreign, and 13.6% among reptiles of foreign origin. Details about the distribution of types are given in Table II for animals of Danish origin, and in Table III for imported animals. The conclusion is: (I) In Denmark Salmonella infections are less common among game than among domestic animals. (II) Of game animals regularly used for human consumption only two mallards and no mammals yielded Salmonella, which implies that the risk of cross contamination is very small. (III) Except for sea-gulls Danish game do not seem to pick up infection from polluted areas. (IV) The greatest health hazard seems to be associated with imported reptiles, because these animals are potential excretors of Salmonella and because they are often sold as pets which means that especially children are exposed. Besides what is shown in the tables an outbreak of salmonellosis in small birds during the winter 1973-74 is described. This outbreak, however, does not influence the general estimate of the risk involved in the consumption of game, since small birds are not used for human food in Denmark. PMID- 1105408 TI - Investigations of some salivary glycoproteins and their possible role in pellicle formation. PMID- 1105409 TI - [Dental health and treatment pattern of Norwegian recruits in 1959]. AB - The present study describes the treatment pattern of a group of 381 recruits aged 20 in 1959. All men had taken part in the school dental service to the age of 14; 41% continued with regular care, 33% reported occasional treatments (2--4 times), and 12% no care from the of 14 (Table 1). The mean number of decayed (primary and secondary lesions), filled, and extracted teeth was found to be close to 21 in the various treatment groups (Table 2). The findings indicate a mean DMFT between 16 and 20 in the regular treatment group. When the recruits were grouped according to treatment pattern and the number of decayed teeth, the mean number of filled teeth was close to 15 in the sub-grojps with regular treatment (Fig 2). The mean number of filled teeth in the regular treatment groupd may be used as parameter in future evaluations. PMID- 1105410 TI - [A new stimulating agent of cerebrovascular circulation]. PMID- 1105411 TI - [Amoxicillin and ampicillin in the patient with chronic bronchitis. Comparative study : bacteriological, pharmacological and clinical]. PMID- 1105412 TI - [Antibiotics seen under the microscope]. PMID- 1105414 TI - [Surgical treatment of metastases in the cervical spine. Principal orientations]. AB - Alongside classical methods used against metastatic malignant disease, two methods are suggested aimed at stabilising secondary bony lesions of the cervical spine. For the upper cervical spine an occipito-vertebral plate is used together with a bony arthrodesis using an iliac crest graft. For the lower cervical spine a mixed approach makes possible adequate medullary decompression when used in association with screw fixation of the posterior articulations using Roy Camille plates and a replacement cervical prosthesis after corporectomy. PMID- 1105413 TI - [Role of amoxicillin in antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 1105415 TI - [Serologic diagnosis of syphilis by the passive hemagglutination test]. AB - The passive haemagglutination test in the diagnosis of syphilis was used with: 139 sera posing serological problems, 965 sera from subjects with syphilis at all stages of the disease and non-syphilitics. The percentages of agreement seen both in comparison of THPA with the TPI (94,5 p.cent) and the FTA abs test (97 p.cent) demonstrate its high degree of specificity and sensitivity. The reaction may be performed rapidly on a routine basis and requires little in the way of specialised material. These qualities should lead, in the near future, to the adoption of the T.P.H.A. as a routine examination in all laboratories, reserving the use of the F.T.A. abs test and the T.P.I. for difficult cases. PMID- 1105416 TI - [Letter: Thyrocalcitonin in the treatment of algodystrophia]. PMID- 1105418 TI - [Thymectomy by cervical route]. PMID- 1105417 TI - [Letter: The antiarrhythmic effects of injectable amiodarone]. PMID- 1105419 TI - [Effects of iodine contrast medias on the function of transplanted kidneys]. AB - The effects of renal arteriography (n = 94) and intraveinous urography (n = 137) on renal function were studied in 80 renal transplant recipients. No damage to renal function was noted when these investigations were performed in patients with normal renal function. In transplanted patients with previous renal insufficiency, arteriographies, even selective, did not seem to be more dangerous than highdose urographies. The degree of seriousness of nephrotoxic accidents seems to be increased when the iodine dose is more than 1 g/kg b.w. and when the investigations are repeated within short intervals. PMID- 1105420 TI - [The typology concept in the analysis of medical data]. PMID- 1105422 TI - [Parietal repair after sternectomy for tumor]. PMID- 1105421 TI - [Sequential chemotherapy based on the hypothesis of a circadian rhythm of tumor proliferation]. AB - The authors treated 41 cases of advanced solid tumors by a combination chemotherapy with methotrexate, vinblastine and cyclophosphamide administered in a sequential manner according to the hypothesis of a circadiam rhythm of proliferation of human neoplasia. A tumoral regression was observed in 66. 6 p. cent of adenocarcinomas and 86.2 p.cent of non glandular carcinomas. PMID- 1105423 TI - [Letter: action of levamisole on the restoration of cellular immunity in man]. PMID- 1105424 TI - [Therapeutic action of coagulation factor XIII in scleroderma. 20 cases]. AB - Clotting factor XIII was used in 13 patients suffering from scleroderma, 17 with generalised scleroderma and 3 with localised scleroderma. The duration of treatment varied between 15 days and 6 months. The effect was marked in 7 cases and more moderate in 5 others. It took the form of increased suppleness of the skin, improved joint mobility and, to a lesser degree, an improvement in vasomotor disturbances of the extremities. Oesophageal abnormalities on X-ray were never altered. The return to normal of alveolar-capillary diffusion seen in two cases requires futher confirmation. The action of factor XIII in scleroderma may be explicable by the formation of transamidation bonds between the alpha chains of the collagen molecule, similar to those obtained on fibrin. PMID- 1105425 TI - [Letter: Inhibition of lactation by an antiprolactin substance, CB 154]. PMID- 1105426 TI - [Letter: Comparative study of busulfan and of the combination of busulfan with splenic radiotherapy in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemias]. PMID- 1105427 TI - [Epidemiology of proliferative diseases of the hemopoietic system in the Lublin Province in the years 1962-1971. II. Proliferative diseases of the lymphoreticular system]. PMID- 1105428 TI - Portrait of a leader: Sophia F. Palmer. PMID- 1105429 TI - The case for nursing research. PMID- 1105430 TI - Practical nursing programs accredited by the National League for Nursing, 1975. PMID- 1105431 TI - Heroines of '98: female Army nurses in the Spanish-American war. AB - Experiences of female Army nurses-their devotion to duty, contributions, and successes as well as their trials, tribulations, and sufferings--during the Spanish-American War and afterwards are described. How service by the heroines of '98 led to a change of attitude by the Army Medical Department is sketched. At the beginning of the War with Spain, the Medical Department had been reluctant to use female nurses; by the end of the war, the nurses had so demonstrated their value that Congress established permanent Army Reserve Nurse Corps. PMID- 1105432 TI - Candida albicans in women. AB - Ninety-two pregnant and nonpregnant patients were randomly selected from two obstetric-gynecologic clinics for the purpose of investigating factors that affect the incidence and severity of vaginal candidiasis. Six factors were found to be significantly associated with the incidence of Candida albicans: drug addiction, obesity, birth control pills, pregnancy, antibiotic therapy, and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1105433 TI - It's different now-1. Part your hair down the middle... PMID- 1105434 TI - Vitamin B1 and beriberi. PMID- 1105435 TI - It's different now-2. Where are your sleeves? PMID- 1105436 TI - It's different now 3. 'Please, sister'. PMID- 1105437 TI - Cardiac surgery yesterday and today. PMID- 1105438 TI - Clinical trial of suppositories. PMID- 1105439 TI - I's different now-5. Some sisters are dragons. PMID- 1105440 TI - It's different now. 6. The magic of Christmas. PMID- 1105441 TI - [Nurse Anna Zeitlin-Feiner. In memorium]. PMID- 1105442 TI - [Study on the serum factors which induce germination and production of chlamydospores in Candida albicans]. PMID- 1105443 TI - Strep throat: silent and deadly. PMID- 1105444 TI - Slaves, servants, or saints? (An analysis of the system of nurse training in the United States, 1873-1948). PMID- 1105445 TI - Accounting for the Medicare contractual allowance. PMID- 1105446 TI - Gandhiji's interest in nursing, medicine & health. PMID- 1105447 TI - His ways (M. Gandhi). PMID- 1105448 TI - A warm tribute to late Miss Edith Helen Paull. PMID- 1105449 TI - Have times changed? The Nursing Mirror; June 15, 1907. Male nurses and nursing. PMID- 1105450 TI - Have times changed? The Nursing Mirror; August 4, 1906. Training for children's nurses. PMID- 1105451 TI - Edith Cavell; NM's war correspondent. An appreciation. PMID- 1105452 TI - My matron (Edith Louisa Cavell). PMID- 1105453 TI - Memories of a childhood friendship (Edith Louisa Cavell). PMID- 1105454 TI - Pioneers in medicine: Baron Guillaume Dupuytren; 1777-1835. PMID- 1105455 TI - Pioneers in medicine: Karl Aschoff; 1866-1942. PMID- 1105456 TI - Pioneers in medicine: Josef Babinski; 1857-1932. PMID- 1105457 TI - Have times changed? The Nursing Mirror. Sept. 22, 1906. Some essentials of sound administration. PMID- 1105458 TI - Pioneers in medicine: Thomas Sydenham; 1624-1689. PMID- 1105460 TI - Have times changed? The Nursing Mirror. April 27, 1907. Hospitals and the nursing of out-patients. PMID- 1105459 TI - Pioneers in medicine: Henry Bence Jones; 1813-1873. PMID- 1105461 TI - Pioneers in medicine: Augustus Waller; 1816-1870. PMID- 1105462 TI - The town of Geel - legend and reality. PMID- 1105463 TI - Have times changed? The Nursing Mirror: September 7, 1907. How to prepare for becoming a probationer. PMID- 1105464 TI - Pioneers in medicine: Thomas Addison; 1793-1860. PMID- 1105465 TI - Pioneers in medicine: William Heberden; 1710-1801. PMID- 1105466 TI - The ailments and last illness of Jane Austen; born December 16, 1775. PMID- 1105467 TI - The rise and fall of the Asylum Workers' Association. PMID- 1105468 TI - The occurrence of symptoms of possibly chronic airway diseases in toddlers. A three-year follow-up study and a double-blind trial to establish the influence of an anti-allergic maintainance medication. PMID- 1105469 TI - Mechanical aspects of coughing. PMID- 1105470 TI - Systemic side effects of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosols (becotide, aldecine, sanasthmyl) in otherwise non steroid treated asthmatic patients. PMID- 1105472 TI - Physiologic appraisal of a new rescue respirator with positive pressure. PMID- 1105471 TI - A comparison of rifampicin, ethambutol or PAS in short-term monotherapy in pretreated cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 1105473 TI - [Effect of vitamin D on bone tissue]. PMID- 1105474 TI - [Contemporary views on acute phase protein]. PMID- 1105475 TI - [Usefulness of passive hemagglutination tests in the serological diagnosis of urinary tract infections caused by E. coli]. PMID- 1105476 TI - [Participation of T lymphocytes in the rosette formation]. PMID- 1105477 TI - [Usefulness of passive hemagglutination reaction in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1105478 TI - [Magnesium metabolism and parathyroid function]. PMID- 1105479 TI - [Importance of quantitative mycological studies and microserological testing in the diagnosis of digestive tract candidiasis]. PMID- 1105480 TI - [Nephrological aspects of lithium metabolism in the body]. PMID- 1105481 TI - [Coexistence of reticulum cell sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and laryngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 1105482 TI - Experience with prazosin in a clinical setting. AB - In a three-phase study that began in 1969, prazosin was shown to be especially suitable for use in treatment of hypertensive patients with gout, renal disease, or borderline diabetes, owing to the sparing of organ systems often harmed by other antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 1105483 TI - Clinical evaluation of prazosin in 20 private practice patients. AB - The safety and efficacy of prazosin alone and in combination with polythiazide are being assessed in an ongoing study of private patients. All patients entering the study have diastolic pressures consistently greater than 100 mm Hg while taking placebo. Thus far, 20 patients have been given therapy for periods ranging from three to 10 months. In patients with mild hypertension, prazosin in a dosage of 5 mg three or four times a day was consistently effective in lowering blood pressure to less than 100 mm Hg and often reduced it to less than 95 mm Hg. The patients with moderate to severe hypertension responded particularly well when polythiazide was added to prazosin, while those continuing to receive prazosin alone for a comparable period showed no further improvement. Few if any side effects were observed which can be attributed to prazosin. PMID- 1105484 TI - The clinical evaluation of prazosin, a new antihypertensive agent. AB - The hemodynamic and therapeutic profiles of prazosin have been delineated in a comprehensive clinical program involving more than 1,000 patients. Efficacy was established in double-blind placebo-controlled studies and open, noncomparative long-term studies and comparisons with standard antihypertensive agents. The efficacy and safety of prazosin make it particularly suitable for initiation and maintenance of long-term outpatient therapy for hypertension. PMID- 1105485 TI - A three-phase clinical evaluation of prazosin. AB - A preliminary study of cardiac hemodynamics with measurement in both supine and tilt positions showed that the antihypertensive effect of prazosin given intravenously is associated with a fall in total peripheral resistance, with minor effects on cardiac output and heart rate, and with no consistent orthostatic hypotension. The postural reflexes appear to remain intact. The results are entirely similar to those reported by Lund-Johansen. In a second, short-term study of ambulatory patients, prazosin alone exerted an antihypertensive effect somewhat less than that of methyldopa, but the difference in blood pressure reduction between supine and standing positions was less with prazosin than with methyldopa. Both drugs were well tolerated. In a third, long term study, prazosin alone gave satisfactory antihypertensive results, and prazosin used in combination with polythiazide produced a satisfactory response in 80% of the patients. PMID- 1105486 TI - Long-term efficacy and safety of prazosin in essential hypertension. AB - The long-term efficacy and safety of prazosin plus a thiazide diuretic in severe hypertension has been evaluated in an open trial that is now in its fifth year. The combination is consistently effective in reducing diastolic blood pressure to 90 mm Hg or less. No side effects or adverse reactions have been observed except a "first-dose" fall in blood pressure, and there is no evidence of development of tolerance to the agent. PMID- 1105487 TI - Experience with prazosin in the treatment of hypertension. AB - These data are from a study of 24 hypertensive patients receiving either prazosin alone or prazosin plus one or more other antihypertensive drugs. It appears from the results that prazosin lowers both supine and erect pressures when used alone or in combination with other agents. Side effects do not appear to be a problem. PMID- 1105488 TI - Treatment of hypertension with a combination of prazosin and polythiazide. AB - Preliminary results of a study of 20 patients show a combination of prazosin and polythiazide to be effective in controlling hypertension not responsive to the diuretic alone. The maximum useful dosage of prazosin was not defined, but increasing the dosage above 15 mg a day did not improve control of blood pressure. PMID- 1105489 TI - Double-blind studies of the clinical effectiveness of prazosin. AB - In separate double-blind trials, prazosin was compared with placebo and with methyldopa and placebo. In both, prazosin was well tolerated and succeeded in lowering blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The mean reductions with methyldopa were greater, but the difference was not statistically significant and a higher percentage of the patients in the prazosin group became normotensive. PMID- 1105490 TI - Clinical experience with prazosin in hypertension. AB - Twenty of 24 hypertensive patients, six of whom had severe disease, had a reduction in standing blood pressure to less than 140/90 mm Hg after six weeks of treatment with prazosin alone or prazosin plus other antihypertensive drugs. The absence of significant side effects was impressive. PMID- 1105491 TI - A long-term clinical trial of prazosin. AB - The efficacy of prazosin given either alone or in combination with polythiazide was assessed in a study of 50 outpatients with essential hypertension. Among the 29 who completed 42 months of therapy, blood pressure fell significantly in 76%. Of the 21 who dropped out of the study after 1 to 41 1/2 months, 43% showed improvement, 38% showed no change, and 19% showed worsening of hypertension. The most common side effects were lack of energy and weakness. Diabetics and alcoholics tolerated prazosin well. Of the 50 patients who started treatment with prazosin alone, only 23 required addition of polythiazide. PMID- 1105492 TI - Viral and mycoplasmal pneumonias: reviewing current concepts. AB - The pathogenesis of viral and mycoplasmal infections is probably similar, but pathologic findings vary, depending on the etiologic agent. In the absence of inclusion bodies in epithelial cells, definitive diagnosis of viral pneumonia depends on isolation of the virus. Viral pneumonias are more insidious in onset than bacterial types. In the early stages, physical findings may be minimal. Complications include those associated with viremia or bacterial superinfection. Culture of a throat swab is suitable for isolation of almost all respiratory viruses except respiratory syncytial virus, which requires special techniques. Antibody studies are also of great value. The major effort in controlling viral illness has been prevention of infection by vaccination. Treatment at present is symptomatic. PMID- 1105493 TI - Limiting the effects of influenza epidemics. PMID- 1105494 TI - Effects of cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agents on the immune system. AB - Most chemotherapeutic agents are myelosuppressive and immunosuppressive. Consequently their use greatly increases a patient's susceptibility to infection. Neutropenia creates greater risk than lymphopenia and is a particular problem in patients with acute leukemia who are treated with combination chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is less immunosuppressive if given in short intensive courses rather than continuously. Continuous therapy causes severe depression of antibody production and inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity reaction. PMID- 1105495 TI - Cardiogenic shock: can the prognosis be improved? AB - The prognosis in cardiogenic shock remains poor despite improvements in treating other complications of acute myocardial infarction. In some situations, left ventricular function can be improved by increasing the vascular volume, but the benefits of increasing the cardiac uutput must be balanced agains the risk of pulmonary edema. Monitoring of volume therapy is best done via the pulmonary route. The goal of drug therapy is to raise arterial blood pressure and make the heart pump more effectively. An aggressive approach will not cure great numbers of extensive myocardial damage remains, but it will identify those who are hypovolemic or who have other correctable contributory factors. Most important, this approach may help to identify therapies currently in use that may actually increase rather than lessen myocardial damage. PMID- 1105496 TI - Fatal neonatal meningitis due to group B streptococci. PMID- 1105497 TI - Obituary Ian Gilliland 16 February 1913-10 July 1975. PMID- 1105498 TI - The role of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the diagnosis of constitutional delayed puberty. PMID- 1105499 TI - Evaluation of baclofen (Lioresal) for spasticity in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 1105500 TI - L-dopa and carbidopa (sinemet) in the management of parkinsonism. PMID- 1105501 TI - Urinary insulin levels in health and disease--a concise review. PMID- 1105502 TI - A double-blind trial of salmefanol, a new bronchodilator. PMID- 1105503 TI - Haemorrhoids--postulated pathogenesis and proposed prevention. PMID- 1105504 TI - Computer-aided analyses in diagnostic histopathology. PMID- 1105505 TI - The role of histochemistry in increasing objectivity in histopathology. PMID- 1105506 TI - Small intestinal biopsy in childhood coeliac disease. PMID- 1105507 TI - Neonatal enteritis caused by Escherichia coli. PMID- 1105508 TI - Iron-binding proteins in milk and resistance to Escherichia coli infection in infants. PMID- 1105509 TI - Preliminary observations on the intranasal use of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in 13 patients with rhinitis. PMID- 1105510 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of nasal allergy in children. PMID- 1105511 TI - Inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of childhood asthma. PMID- 1105512 TI - Intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in allergic nasal diseases. PMID- 1105513 TI - Some properties of beclomethasone dipropionate and related steroids in man. PMID- 1105514 TI - Bronchoscopic biopsies of bronchial mucosa before and after beclomethasone dipropionate therapy. PMID- 1105515 TI - The effect of inhalations of beclomethasone dipropionate on plasma cortisol levels and growth hormone production. PMID- 1105516 TI - An investigation of the bronchial mucous membrane after long-term treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate. PMID- 1105517 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate as a substitute for oral steroid treatment in asthmatic patients. PMID- 1105518 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol: studies in chronic bronchial asthma. PMID- 1105519 TI - A two-stage clinical assessment of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosols. PMID- 1105520 TI - Treatment of allergy of the respiratory tract with beclomethasone dipropionate steroid aerosol. PMID- 1105521 TI - The measurement of response to beclomethasone dipropionate treatment for asthma. PMID- 1105522 TI - A double-blind comparison of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol and prednisolone in asthmatic patients. PMID- 1105523 TI - A double-blind cross-over study of beclomethasone dipropionate in asthmatic patients with and without chronic bronchitis. PMID- 1105524 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate: an aerosol corticosteroid for topical use in bronchial asthma. PMID- 1105525 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate--adrenal function and acute bronchial asthma. PMID- 1105526 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in bronchial asthma. PMID- 1105527 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate by aerosol in the treatment in asthmatic children. PMID- 1105528 TI - The action of diuretics: influence of kinetic factors. PMID- 1105529 TI - Some aspects of the renal action and clinical pharmacology of oral bumetanide in man. PMID- 1105530 TI - Investigations with intravenous bumetanide. PMID- 1105531 TI - Effects of bumetanide on cation and anion transport. PMID- 1105532 TI - Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on bumetanide in chronic renal failure. PMID- 1105534 TI - Diuretic action of bumetanide in congestive heart failure. PMID- 1105533 TI - Oral bumetanide in chronic renal failure. PMID- 1105535 TI - Bumetanide--acute and long-term studies of a new high potency diuretic. PMID- 1105536 TI - Bumetanide in the treatment of hepatic ascites. PMID- 1105537 TI - Use of bumetanide in the treatment of ascites due to liver disease. PMID- 1105538 TI - Evaluation of once-daily versus twice-daily bumetanide in heart failure. PMID- 1105539 TI - The treatment of cerebral vascular disease. AB - The routine investigations in patients with cerebral ischaemia are considered. Surgical treatment of the extracranial carotid and subclavian arteries is still advocated in the management of selected patients with transient cerebral ischaemia. Little fundamental advance has been made in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. The role of hypertension in cerebrovascular disease is considered and the value of treating associated hypertension is stressed. PMID- 1105540 TI - The treatment of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 1105541 TI - The treatment of malaria. PMID- 1105542 TI - Some medical aspects of Rudyard Kipling. PMID- 1105543 TI - Anxiety/depression in elderly patients. A double-blind comparative study of fluphenazine/nortriptyline and promazine. AB - A double-blind study involving sixty-two patients, aged 65 years or over, treated for twenty-eight days, showed that fluphenazine 0-5 mg/nortriptyline 10 mg three times daily was superior to promazine 50 mg three times daily in relieving symptoms of anxiety and was associated with a lower incidence of side-effects. The results are discussed in the light of the nature of anxiety/depression syndromes in the elderly and it is suggested that since symptoms of anxiety in these disorders are often manifestations of an underlying depressive illness, the antidepressant effect of the nortriptyline may have enhanced the 'anxiolytic' advantage of fluphenazine/nortriptyline. PMID- 1105544 TI - 'Kind, amiable and happy'. William Beattie, M.D. (1793-1875). PMID- 1105545 TI - [Role of M.P. Konchalovskii in the development of hematology and transfusiology]. PMID- 1105546 TI - [Clinico-laboratory observations of recipients having received blood transfusions from donors with seropostitive reactions in toxoplasmosis test]. PMID- 1105547 TI - [In memory of Ekaterina Andreevna Kost]. PMID- 1105548 TI - Survival and 'true' rehabilitation after dialysis and transplantation: a 7-year follow-up. AB - Serial follow-ups of processed and recorded semi-quantitative data (bone biopsies, nerve conduction velocity, glucose A-V, etc.) have been carried out in 152 chronic uraemic patients of which 39 underwent kidney transplantation. The comparative studies have been performed in order to evaluate the magnitude of survival/rehabilitation ratio due to dialysis and transplantation. After a minimum of five years, the overall survival rate is better on dialysis. The most important determining factors seem to be: type of donor in transplantation and the nature of renal lesions and residual Ccr in dialysis. 'True' or 'effective' rehabilitation has been documented only after transplantation. Dialysis does not reverse systemic uraemic changes and the rehabilitation in survivors may be 'apparent'. Dialysis may prevent systemic uraemia, provided that starting time of treatment is gauged earlier (residual Ccr greater than 10). PMID- 1105549 TI - Resolution of secondary hyperparathyroidism after cadaveric renal allograft. PMID- 1105550 TI - Experimental and clinical experience with chlorpromazine pre-treatment of donor kidneys. PMID- 1105551 TI - Statistical report of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. PMID- 1105552 TI - Urinary excretion of NAG and FDP in acute renal graft rejection. AB - Determination of the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and fibrin degradation products (FDP) made it possible to make a diagnosis of 25 out of 26 acute rejection episodes at least 24 hr before deterioration in renal function occurred. Of the two tests, the estimation of daily urinary NAG is the most practical for routine clinical use. This test alone permitted early diagnosis in 21 out of 26 episodes. In 9 out of 11 episodes in which both estimations showed an increase, the rise in FDP occurred before the rise in NAG. This is consistent with the view that in some forms of rejection, at least, intravascular fibrin deposition occurs first and causes ischaemic damage to renal tubular cells and consequent deterioration in function. PMID- 1105553 TI - A modified rosette inhibition test in the early diagnosis of renal allograft rejection. AB - The rosette inhibition test has been employed in the follow-up of 30 renal transplant patients using a technique which enables highly accurate marking of T lymphocytes. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) - that is, that concentration of ALG causing 25% inhibition of rosette formation-was higher than 1/16,000 in 32 (97%) out of 33 separate determinations made two to six days befor rejection became clinically evident, and lower than 1/16,000 in 323 (92%) out of 351 determinations after which no clinical evidence of rejection developed. The results presented in this paper indicate that this modified test is a useful tool either to predict the occurrence of or to confirm the diagnosis of rejection. PMID- 1105554 TI - Proteinuria as diagnostic marker after human kidney transplantation. AB - Molecular weight analyses of urinary proteins in 34 patients following cadaveric kidney transplantation were performed by SDS-PAA-electrophoresis in order to diagnose transplant complications. A micromolecular 'tubular' proteinuria (mw 70 10,000) was found in all post-operative urines. Later on during clinically normal periods the patients exhibited an unphysiological proteinuria of mw 70-40,000. Recurrence of tubular proteinuria was associated with rejection episodes and acute kidney failure. Twelve patients developed a macromolecular glomerular proteinuria (mw greater than 60,000), caused by recurrent glomerulonephritis, glomerular rejection disease or renal vein thrombosis. Steroid treatment reduced the glomerular permeability for macromolecules above mw 65,000. PMID- 1105555 TI - Cellular and humoral immunity after clinical renal transplantation. AB - Cellular and humoral responses against donor lymphocytes were studied in ten kidney-transplant patients, nine of whom had well functioning grafts. No(T)cell mediated cytotoxicity against donor cells was demonstrated. Specific anti-donor antibodies were found in two recipients with well-accepted grafts. A single immunological factor responsible for a favourable clinical course was not demonstrated. Neither complete T nor B cell tolerance against donor cells had developed, and a well-tolerated graft could coexist with antibodies directed against donor cells. PMID- 1105556 TI - Minimising the risks of treating acute allograft rejection. AB - The risks of treating allograft rejection are primarily related to high-dose steroid therapy. To determine when the possible benefit of anti-rejection therapy might not justify the risks, we analysed 20 severe rejection (SAR) episodes for indices of reversibility. Prior renal function was similar in all patients. Ccr fell to 10 ml/min or less, but degree of renal dysfunction was not predictive of reversibility, nor were time since transplant, oliguro/anuria, proteinuria, or hypertension. The only consistent finding was that function began to improve in reversible rejection 3.8 +/- 1 days after beginning therapy. Our rejection treatment, based on this finding, is to use gram doses of IV prednisolone, up to three times in five to seven days. Among 41 patients with 45 grafts so treated, there was no fatality or gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Other complications (fistulae and/or infections) were related to total dose and frequency, to intensive therapy during severe renal dysfunction or to urinary leaks. Limitation of the period of high-dose steroid therapy was associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in renal allograft recipients. PMID- 1105557 TI - Terminal renal failure due to oxalosis in 14 patients. AB - The present status of regular dialysis and renal transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease secondary to primary hyperoxaluria is reported. Clinical studies include one personal case with an 18-month period of follow-up and data concerning thirteen patients treated in 10 centres in Europe which have been collected through a cooperative survey carried out with the assistance of Registry of the EDTA. On January 1 st, 1974, mean survival of patients with oxalosis treated by RDT was 30.4 months (range 6 to 102 months). Five cadaveric renal transplants have been performed in four patients; two patients are surviving with grafts functioning for 18 and 45 months. Dialysis and/or transplantation should be performed in patients with oxalosis early enough to prevent ischaemic, cardiac and neuromusclar complications which occur at the end stage of the disease. Evidence for blood coagulation disorders, particularly chronic consumption coagulopathy, should be investigated for with adequate laboratory methods and long-term heparin therapy instituted if necessary. No convincing reports concerning the efficiency of the various drugs which have been tried out to reduce the biosynthesis of oxalic acid in patients with oxalosis have been issued to this date. PMID- 1105558 TI - Middle molecules in uraemia. PMID- 1105559 TI - Assessment of renal osteodystrophy following renal transplantation. AB - Serial histological studies in patients after successful renal transplantation indicate that with restoration of adequate renal function osteomalacia invariably improves with symptomatic relief in bone pain. Histological changes of osteitis fibrosa resolve more slowly and radiological changes may persist longer, occasionally in the absence of confirmatory histological evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. For accurate and sensitive follow-up a combination of biochemistry, histology and radiology is desirable. PMID- 1105560 TI - A controlled trial of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of proliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - Cyclophosphamide was administered orally, in a dose just sufficient to depress the white-cell count to 3000-4000 per mm3 (mean 1.5 mg/kg/day), to 27 patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis for 12 months; 26 patients acted as controls. Cyclophosphamide conferred no benefit as judged by mortality, morbidity, renal function (serum creatinine and creatinine clearance) or proteinuria. The side effects of cyclophosphamide included permanent amenorrhoea in five of seven menstruating women. Since no controlled trial has yet shown that any immuno-suppressive drug benefits proliferative glomerulonephritis we question whether such drugs should be administered in this disease except in the course of planned prospective trials. PMID- 1105561 TI - Complement deposition in glomerular diseases. AB - Biopsies from 400 patients affected by glomerular diseases, both "primary" and secondary to systemic diseases, have been studied by immunofluorescence. Staining was performed for immunoglobulins fibrogen and C1q, C4, C3 and C3A. C1q, C4 and C3 were positive in a high percentage of cases in focal glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and essential cryoglobulinaemia glomerulonephritis. C1q and C4 were very rarely present in focal proliferative glomerulonephritis and rheumatoid purpura glomerulonephritis. C3A was found frequently only in acute glomerulonephritis. Results are discussed with reference to their diagnostic value and to information about mechanisms of complement activation. PMID- 1105562 TI - Drug induced hypersensitivity nephritis. AB - Drug-induced hypersensitivity nephritis may show several histological and clinical patterns. In most of these microscopic vascular involvement of the kidney seems to be very frequent. On immunofluorescence, deposits of C3 in mesangium and in arterioles were observed in almost all cases, independently of histological features on light microscopy. The pointing out of clinico histological relationship seems to be the best rational approach to diagnosis of these conditions. PMID- 1105563 TI - Editorial: Glomerular haemodynamics and autoregulation. PMID- 1105564 TI - A methodological analysis and follow-up of vestibular plasty and skin grafting. PMID- 1105565 TI - DNA replication in vitro starting with an intact phiX174 phage. AB - Conversion of the single-stranded DNA in the intact phiX174 phage particle to the duplex replicative form (RF) has been demonstrated in lysates form phage sensitive cells. The conversion is resistant to rifampicin and requires participation of both a "membrane" fraction of the lysate and a multienzyme replicative system. The lipopolysaccharide phage receptor, while essential, does not replace the membrane fraction. Clear, nonsedimentable extract fractions prepared with a certain nonionic detergent can replace the membrane fraction. Purification of the activity in these extracts by adsorption to polypropylene film yields a fraction with a 5-fold increase in activity relative to lipopolysaccharide and 50-fold increase relative to protein. The low buoyant density (1.03 g/cm3) suggests a high phospholipid or detergent content in this fraction. PMID- 1105566 TI - Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA from grande and genetically characterized cytoplasmic petite clones of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Digestion of grande mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) BY EcoRI restriction endonuclease gives rise to nine fragments with a total molecular weight of 51.8 x 10(6). HindIII digestion yields six fragments with a similar total molecular weight. Specific restriction fragments can be detected despite the fact that yeast mtDNA consists of a heterogeneous distribution of randomly broken molecules. Digestion patterns of 10 genetically characterized petite clones containing various combinations of five antiobiotic resistance markers indicate that the petite mtDNA predominantly represents deletion of the grande genome. The petite mtDNAs contained up to seven EcoRI restriction fragments which comigrate with grande restriction fragments, and at least one fragment that did not correspond to any in the grande. Some strains contained multiple fragments with mobility different from that of grande; these fragments were usually present in less than molar concentrations. The genetic markers were associated with individual sets of restriction fragments. However, several internal inconsistencies prevent the construction of a definitive genetic fragment map. These anomalies, together with the digestion patterns, provide strong evidence that, in addition to single contiguous deletion, other changes such as multiple deletion and heterogeneity of mtDNA populations are present in some of the petite mtDNAs. PMID- 1105567 TI - Neutron scattering measurements of separation and shape of proteins in 30S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli: S2-S5, S5-S8, S3-S7. AB - Neutron scattering measurements done on E. coli 30S ribosomal subunit specimens in which specific pairs of proteins were deuterated have enabled us to estimate the distances between the labeled proteins. The distances between centers of gravity of three protein pairs have been determined: S2-S5 (105 A), S3-S7 (115 A), and S5-S8 (35 A). A method for extracting shape information about these proteins from the neutron scattering profiles is demonstrated. The method shows that S5 and S8 are compact and S2 is extended. PMID- 1105568 TI - Yeast manno-protein biosynthesis: solubilization and selective assay of four mannosyltransferases. AB - Using appropriate yeast strains and exogenous acceptors, we have devised specific assays for four mannosyltransferase activities involved in biosynthesis of the carbohydrate outer chain of yeast mannoproteins. The assays utilize GDP [14C]mannose as the donor and unlabeled oligosaccharides as the acceptors, the products being neutral radioactive oligosaccharides one mannose unit larger than the acceptors. The multiglycosyltransferase system from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was solubilized in Triton X-100 and urea and purified 100-fold. Free mannose is an acceptor for the alpha1 leads to 2-mannosyltransferase, the major product being alpha[14C]Man leads to 2Man. The alpha1 leads to 6-mannooligosaccharides serve as acceptors for both the alpha1 leads to 2- and alpha1 leads to 6 transferases, but the tetrasaccharide alphaMan leads to 3alphsMan leads to 2alphaMan is a specific acceptor for the latter enzyme and yields (see article). When reduced, this same tetrasaccharide serves as the acceptor for an alpha1 leads to 3-mannosyltransferase from Saccharomyces chevalieri, yielding a pentasaccharide with two terminal 1 leads to 3 linkages. Assay of the alpha1 leads to 3-transferase in S. cerevisiae utilizes reduced alpha1 leads to 2 mannotriose as the acceptor, the product being alpha[14C]Man leads to 3alphaMan leads to 2alphaMan leads to 2Mannitol. The multienzyme system works in concert to make "mannan" in a cell-free in vitro system. PMID- 1105569 TI - Role of leucyl-tRNA synthetase in regulation of branched-chain amino-acid transport. AB - The regulation of the transport of leucine, isoleucine, and valine in Escherichia coli B/r was studied in a mutant with a complete deletion of the leucine biosynthetic operon and a temperature-sensitive leucyl-tRNA synthetase [L leucine:tRNALeu ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.1.1.4]. Under conditions of excess leucine and a functional leucyl-tRNA synthetase transport activity was repressed. Shifting the culture to a temperature at which the activation of leucine to an appropriate tRNA species became growth-rate-limiting led to a large increase in the high-affinity transport of leucine, isoleucine, and valine (system LIV-I) while the uptake of histidine and proline was unchanged. A similar increase was observed for branched-chain amino-acid binding protein activity. The temperature change did not alter the transport activity for any of these substrates or the level of the binding proteins in an isogenic strain with a normal leucyl-tRNA synthetase. The increase in transport activity observed in the mutant was prevented by inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis and probably represents an increase in the differential rate of synthesis of the protein(s) required for transport. These experiments demonstrate that the repression of branched-chain amino-acid transport involves the interaction of leucine with its aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and its cognate leucyl-tRNA species. PMID- 1105570 TI - Methylation of a membrane protein involved in bacterial chemotaxis. AB - A protein methylation reaction involved in chemotaxis of Escherichia coli has been identified. The involvement of this reaction in chemotaxis in indicated by four lines of evidence. (a) The methylation reaction is altered in several classes of generally nonchemotactic mutants and is coreverted with the chemotaxis defects. (b) The methylation level of the protein is affected by chemotactic stimuli. (c) The transferred methyl group is derived from methionine and is labile, in accord with the known fact that chemotaxis requires a continuous supply of methionine. (d) Methylation is abnormal in various mutants having defective or missing flagella. PMID- 1105571 TI - Polypeptide chain initiation in eukaryotes: initiation factor MP in Artemia salina embryos. AB - The activity of IF-MP, a polypeptide chain initiation factor that forms a ternary complex with eukaryotic initiator Met-tRNA and GTP and promotes binding of the initiator to 40S ribosomes, is very low in undeveloped Artemia salina embryos but increases over 20-fold following resumption of development upon hydration of the cysts. The factor is present in both the ribosomal salt wash and high-speed supernatant. Its specific activity is 50 times higher in the wash but its total activity is only about twice as high in the wash as in the supernatant. As is true of IF-MP from other eukaryotic sources, the A. salina factor is specific for eukaryotic Met-tRNAi and sensitive to SH-reagents, and its activity is GTP dependent. PMID- 1105572 TI - Chitin synthetase zymogen is attached to the yeast plasma membrane. AB - Pretreatment of yeast protoplasts with concanavalin A, according to the method used by G. A. Scarborough for Neurospora (J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1106-1111, 1975), reinforced the plasma membranes, and helped to maintain their integrity during subsequent lysis of the protoplasts. After purification by centrifuging on a Renografin density gradient, practically intact membranes were obtained. Previous labeling of the protoplasts with 125I or with [3H]concanavalin A resulted in recovery of the radioactivity in the membrane fraction. The bulk of the chitin synthetase (chitin synthase; UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose:chitin 4-beta acetamidodeoxyglucosyltransferase; EC 2.4.1.16) recovered in the gradient was also found In this fraction; in the zymogen form. About 20% of the activity sedimented in a plasma-membrane-free fraction at lower density. Glutaraldehyde inactivated chitin synthetase when it was added to a lysate, but not when applied to intact protoplasts. It is concluded that chitin synthetase is so oriented in the membrane that it is only accessible from the inside of the cell. These results confirm our previous hypothesis that the chitin synthetase zymogen is associated with the plasma membrane, a basic assumption for the explanation of localized activation of the enzyme and initiation of septum formation. PMID- 1105573 TI - Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. AB - A method has been developed whereby a very large number of colonies of Escherichia coli carrying different hybrid plasmids can be rapidly screened to determine which hybrid plasmids contain a specified DNA sequence or genes. The colonies to be screened are formed on nitrocellulose filters, and, after a reference set of these colonies has been prepared by replica plating, are lysed and their DNA is denatured and fixed to the filter in situ. The resulting DNA prints of the colonies are then hybridized to a radioactive RNA that defines the sequence or gene of interest, and the result of this hybridization is assayed by autoradiography. Colonies whose DNA-prints exhibit hybridization can then be picked from the reference plate. We have used this method to isolate clones of ColE1 hybrid plasmids that contain Drosophila melanogaster genes for 18 and 28S rRNAs. In principle, the method can be used to isolate any gene whose base sequence is represented in an available RNA. PMID- 1105574 TI - Cerebellar cell surface antigens of mouse brain. AB - Reaggregated cells from 6- to 8-day-old mouse cerebella have been used to raise antibodies in rabbits. The interaction of these antibodies with cerebellar cell surface components was assessed by cytotoxicity of 51Cr-labeled cerebellar cell cultures and indirect immunofluorescence. A quantitative comparison of the relative amount of antigen on cells from other mouse tissues, brain regions, cerebella of various aged mice and mutant mice, and other animal species, as well as several clonal cell lines of nervous system origin, was made. A fixed subthreshold concentration of antiserum was adsorbed with increasing numbers of dissociated cells or amounts of particulate tissue prior to incubation with complement and 51Cr-labeled cerebellar target cells. Mouse thymus, spleen, liver, and heart tissue possess negligible adsorbing capacity, whereas kidney and sperm gave some adsorption. Of the brain regions examined, only cerebellum removed all immunofluorescence and cytotoxic activity, whereas other regions removed less than 90%, suggesting the possibility of cerebellar specific antigens on certain cell types. Only mouse and rat cerebellum gave measurable adsorptions, and this capacity decreased with increasing age. Although cerebellar mutants (stagger, weaver, and nervous) possessed similar adsorptive capacity, glioma and neuroblastoma clonal cell lines differed measurably in their adsorption; only the mouse neuroblastoma clones displayed significant adsorption of the antiserum. PMID- 1105575 TI - Mechanism of dissociation of ribosomes of Escherichia coli by initiation factor IF-3. AB - Initiation factor IF-3 clearly can cause dissociation of ribosomes by binding to 30S subunits and thus shifting the spontaneous equilibrium, but it theoretically may also do so by binding to 70S ribosomes. Previously reported experiments with differentially labeled ribosomes and subunits seemed to eliminate the latter mechanism, but these experiments neglected a substantial decrease in the specific activity of the added subunits resulting from net dissociation of the ribosomes by IF-3. The present experiments eliminate or correct this effect. The results exclude direct action on 70S ribosomes as a significant mechanism of dissociation by IF-3. PMID- 1105576 TI - Identification of a soluble protein that stimulates peptide bond synthesis. AB - A soluble protein factor was isolated, free of elongation factor (EF)-T and EF-G, based on its ability to stimulate the synthesis of peptide bonds using ribosomal bound 70S-AUG-N-formyl-[35S]methionyl-tRNA complex and added puromycin as substrates. Over 90% of this activity was found in the ribosome-free cytoplasm of Escherichia coli extracts. Otherfeatures such as molecular weight, purification properties, and catalytic activities distinguish this factor from ribosomal proteins and known activators of translation. The factor requires all components needed for peptide bond synthesis and is inhibited by antibiotics known to specifically block the peptidyl transferase activity of ribosomes. The factor increases the binding affinity of the ribosome for the aminoacyl-tRNA analog puromycin about 10-fold. We suggest that this extraribosomal factor modulates the intrinsic activity of ribosomes to catalyze peptide-bond synthesis, and regard it as a new factor required for peptide chain elongation, which we call EF-P. PMID- 1105577 TI - Enzymatic induction of DNA double-strand breaks in gamma-irradiated Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The polA1 mutation increases the sensitivity of E. coli K-12 by killing by gamma irradiation in air by a factor of 2.9 and increases the yield of DNA double strand breaks by a factor of 2.5. These additional DNA double-strand breaks appear to be due to the action of nucleases in the polA1 strain rather than to the rejoining of radiation-induced double-strand breaks in the pol+ strain. This conclusion is based upon the observation that gamma-irradiation at 3 degrees did not affect the yield of DNA double-strand breaks in the pol+ strain, but decreased the yield in the polA1 strain by a factor of 2.2. Irradiation of the polA1 strain at 3 degrees followed by incubation at 3 degrees for 20 min before plating resulted in approximately a 1.5-fold increase in the D0. The yield of DNA double-strand breaks was reduced by a factor of 1.5. The pol+ strain, however, did not show the protective effect of the low temperature incubation upon either survival or DNA double-strand breakage. We suggest that the increased yield of DNA double-strand breaks in the polA1 strain may be the result of the unsuccessful exision repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA base damage. PMID- 1105578 TI - Quaternary constraint in hybrid of aspartate transcarbamylase containing wild type and mutant catalytic subunits. AB - Unusual quaternary constraint in the regulatory enzyme, aspartate transcarbamylase (aspartate carbamoyltransferase or carbamoylphosphate:L aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) from Escherichia coli, was demonstrated with a hybrid composed of one inactive "catalytic" subunit from a mutant strain and one active catalytic subunit and three regulatory subunits from the wild-type strain. The hybrid had a high affinity for three molecules of the bi-substrat analog, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, compared to the six strong binding sites in the wild-type enzyme and none in the mutant. However, the Vmax of the hybrid was only about 25% that of the wild-type enzyme. In addition, the hybrid exhibited a very low apparent affinity for the substrate, aspartate [Michaelis constant (Km) about 90 mM], as compared to the wild-type enzyme (apparent Km of 7 mM). No homotropic effect was observed for the hybrid in the absence of nucleotides as contrasted to the cooperativity of the wild-type enzyme; also, large changes in the Vmax of the hybrid were caused by the addition of the nucleotide effectors, CTP and ATP, which do not affect the Vmax of the wild-type, but influence only the cooperativity and the apparent Km. Although the hybrid undergoes a ligand-promoted conformational change analogous to that of the wild-type enzyme, this transition required a 20-fold higher concentration of the substrate analog, succinate. It appears that the "paralysis" of the wild-type catalytic subunit in the hybrid can be attributed to subunit interactions which constrain the molecule in a low-affinity state. PMID- 1105579 TI - Structural properties of pyruvate carboxylases from chicken liver and other sources. AB - Varieties of pyruvate carboxylase [pyruvate: CO2 ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.1] obtained from the livers of several species of vertebrates, including humans, all show the same basic structure. They are composed of large polypeptide chains of molecular weights ranging from 1.2 to 1.3 X 10(5) for the different varieties of the enzyme. The native form of the enzyme appears to be a tetramer with a molecular weight of about 5 X 10(5). In the case of pyruvate carboxylase from chicken liver each polypeptide chain contains a biotin moiety, thus supporting the thesis that the tetramer contains four identical polypeptide chains. Pyruvate carboxylase from yeast appears to be basically similar to those from the vertebrate species and has a tetrameric structure. Each protomer contains a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weitht of 1.25 X 10(5). In contrast, pyruvate carboxylase from two bacterial species, Pseudomonas citronellolis and Axotobacter vinelandii, appears to be a dimer with a molecular weight (2.5 X 10(5)) about half that of the animal and yeast species. As a further difference, each of the protomers of the bacterial enzymes contain two polypeptides of 6.5 and 5.4 X 10(5) molecular weight in case of the Pseudomonas enzyme. The larger of the two polypeptides contains the biotin moiety. The functional units of the bacterial enzyme thus appear to contain two polypeptides while that of the liver and yeast enzymes is made up of a single chain. Neither of these arrangements corresponds with those of other biotin enzymes whose structure has been extensively studied (acetyl-CoA carboxylases from liver or Excherichia coli, and transcarboxylase from Propionibacterium). PMID- 1105580 TI - Identification of a region in 23S rRNA located at the peptidyl transferase center. AB - A photolyzable derivative of dipeptidyl-tRNA, p-azido-N-tBoc-Phe-[3H]Phe-tRNA, bound reversibly to 70S ribosomes in the presence of poly(U), becomes, when irradiated, covalently attached to components of the 50S ribosomal subunit. Most of the reaction occurs within the 23S RNA, while ribosomal proteins are only weakly labeled. Reversible binding as well as the covalent reaction are reduced in the absence of poly(U) or in the presence of several antibiotics specific for the 50S ribosomal subunit. There are apparently few sites (or perhaps a single site) of reaction on the 23S RNA that are exclusively located within the 2000 nucleotides from the 3 terminus of the molecule. Part of the 23S RNA within this region must therefore be closely associated with the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. PMID- 1105581 TI - Biochemical construction and selection of hybrid plasmids containing specific segments of the Escherichia coli genome. AB - Using a poly(dA-dT) "connector" method, a population of annealed hybrid circular DNAs was constructed in vitro; each hybrid DNA circle containing one full-length molecule of poly(dT)-tailed DNA from E1 colicinogenic factor (Col E1) fragmented by EcoRI endonuclease annealed to any one of a collection of poly(dA)-tailed linear DNA fragments of the entire E. coli genome. This annealed, but unligated, hybrid DNA was used to transform several different auxotrophic mutants of E. coli, and by direct selection, bacterial clones were isolated which contained specific hybrid plasmids. In this manner, bacterial strains containing Col E1 hybrid plasmids carrying the entire tryptophan operon or the arabinsoe and leucine operons were isolated. The methods described should allow the molecular cloning of any portion of the E. coli genome by selection from a pool of DNA molecules containing at least several hundred different hybrids representing the entire bacterial genome. PMID- 1105582 TI - Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp): positive effector for histidine operon transcription and general signal for amino-acid deficiency. AB - Maximal expression of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium in a coupled in vitro transcription-translation system is strongly dependent upon addition of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp). This requirement for ppGpp is exerted at the level of transcription through a mechanism distinct from the his operon-specific regulatory mechanism. In vivo derepression of the his operon is markedly defective when histidine starvation is imposed on a relA mutant--unable to rapidly increase synthesis of ppGpp--growing in amino-acid-rich medium. Increased sensitivity of relA mutants to growth inhibition by a number of amino acid analogs suggests that ppGpp is generally important in adjusting expression of amino-acid-producing systems. Analysis of these findings leads us to propose that ppGpp is a positive effector in a system that enables the cell to balance endogenous amino-acid production with environmental conditions of amino-acid availability, and to compensate efficiently for transient changes in these conditions. We propose a unifying theory of the role of ppGpp as the general signal molecule (alarmone) in a "super-control" which senses an amino-acid deficiency and redirects the cell's economy in response. PMID- 1105583 TI - Structure of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA at 2.5 A resolution. AB - The x-ray analysis of the monoclinic form of yeast tRNAPhe has been taken to a resolution of 2.5 A by the method of isomorphous replacement. The model proposed at 3 A has been confirmed and extended to reveal additional features of the tertiary structure and of the stereochemistry. An extensive hydrogen bonding network is described involving specific interactions between bases and the ribose phosphate backbone. The structure of a G-U base pair has been solved. PMID- 1105584 TI - Two stages in lymphocyte mediator production by differential susceptibility to blockade using niridazole. AB - Sera from guinea pigs given niridazole, an anti-schistosomal compound, have been shown to reversibly block the production of antigen-induced migration inhibitory factor by sensitized guinea pig lymph node cells. Since niridazole itself has no effect in vitro, the blockade of production of migration inhibitory factor is probably due to drug metabolites in the serum. We report here further studies on the mechanism of this drug-induced suppression of cellular hypersensitivity; the data show that niridazole active serum does not block the production of migration inhibitory factor once it has been initiated. Indeed, if niridazole active serum is added a little as 60 sec after the addition of antigen, the lymphocytes will produce migration inhibitory factor. These results suggest the presence of at least two stages in production of migration inhibitory factor after the addition of antigen to lymphocytes. The first, lasting less than 60 sec, is susceptible to blockade by niridazole active serum; the second is not. The elucidation of the mechanism of this blockade should lead to further understanding of the early events after antigen triggering of sensitized lymphocytes. PMID- 1105586 TI - Role of methionine in bacterial chemotaxis: requirement for tumbling and involvement in information processing. AB - Chemotactic responses are mediated by modulation of the frequency of tumbling. Studies with methionine auxotrophs of wild-type Escherichia coli and four mutants which tumble continuously show that methionine or one of its metabolites is involved in the tumbling process. Following removal of methionine, the wild type and two mutants, after various periods of time, became unable to tumble. The presence of constant levels of chemical attractants considerably shortened these periods in the three strains and eliminated tumbling in another mutant. This effect of attractants considerably shortened these periods in the three strains and eliminated tumbling in another mutant. This effect of attractants implies that methionine or some derivative of methionine is also involved in transducing chemical stimuli to bacterial responses. PMID- 1105585 TI - Association of salmonella mutants with germfree rats: site specific model to detect carcinogens as mutagens. AB - An association of the histidine auxotroph of Salmonella typhimurium (strain TA1538) within the gastrointestinal tract of otherwise germfree Sprague-Dawley rats is maintained during periods of observation lasting as long as 7 months. The bacteria are found at levels exceeding 10(7) per g in the forestomach and at levels greater than 10(8) per g in the lower bowel and in the feces. Only approximately 10(4) bacteria per g are found in the posterior stomach and in the upper small intestine. The association of the salmonella mutants is maintained when the bacterial association is increased by the addition of other bacteria characteristic of the gastrointestinal flora. Carcinogenic amines, which cause strain TA1538 to revert to histidine independence in Ames' in vitro assays, increase the number of revertants in the feces when fed to the salmonella associated rats. In contrast, the number of revertants in the feces does not increase when the rats are fed structurally related compounds which are not mutagenic to the bacteria in vitro and for which no evidence of carcinogenicity exists. Sacrifice of rats after feeding the carcinogen 2-nitrofluorene indicates that the number of revertants is increased in the cecum and colon as well as in the feces. The apparent proximity of the bacterial mutagenic response to the location of the tumor response in the colon suggests that the rat associated with the histidine auxotroph may provide a useful model for further investigation of the possible association between bacterial mutagenesis and carcinogenesis within the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, with this model it may be possible to evaluate selectively the effects of various constituents of the flora on the activation of compounds provoking the revertant response. PMID- 1105588 TI - Controlled clinical trial comparing early with interval cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. PMID- 1105587 TI - Induction of error-prone repair as a consequence of DNA ligase deficiency in Escherichia coli. AB - DNA ligase deficiency is shown to induce generalized mutator activity in E. coli. This mutator activity is unaffected by 3 mug/ml of chloramphenicol but is abolished both in lig-recA double mutants and by incubation with 20 mug/ml of chloramphenicol. Dna ligase deficiency is also shown to reactivate ultraviolet light-irradiated phage lambda and T7 and to increase both spontaneous and ultraviolet light-induced mutagenesis in phage lambda, all of which are abolished in lig-recA strains. Interaction occurs between the molecular events of mutagenesis induced by ultraviolet irradiation and those induced by DNA ligase deficiency. These observations suggest a common pathway, coordinately expressed with the inducible repair mode, that is responsible for mutagenesis. PMID- 1105589 TI - Royal Scoiety of Medicine, Section of Neurology; Meeting 31 October 1974. Presiden's Address. The nervous system's blood vessels from Galen to Rontgen and after. PMID- 1105590 TI - Computerized axial tomography in paediatric neurology and neurosurgery. PMID- 1105591 TI - The legacy of british medicine to american medicine, 1800-1850. PMID- 1105592 TI - Autoimmunity to sperm. PMID- 1105593 TI - Diabetes mellitus. Pathology of the pancreas. PMID- 1105594 TI - Diabetes mellitus. Autoimmune aspects. PMID- 1105595 TI - An x-ray study of valgus ankles in spina bifida children with valgus flat foot deformity. AB - Radiological examination of the ankles of spina bifida children with flail lower limbs and valgus flat foot deformity has revealed a high incidence of abnormal valgus tilt of the ankle-joint. A study of ankle X-rays of spina bifida children before and after extra-articular subtalar fusion in which the bone graft is removed from the ipsilateral tibia has shown that the valgus tilt of the mortice may increase after this procedure. PMID- 1105596 TI - Some psychosocial aspects of rehabilitation and their implications in research. PMID- 1105597 TI - Ross's a priori pathometry - a perspective. PMID- 1105598 TI - Changing attitudes on salivary secretion - a short history on spit. PMID- 1105599 TI - Technique of bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 1105600 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency treated with bone marrow graft. PMID- 1105601 TI - [Microbiologic purity of pharmaceutic forms not obligatorily sterile]. PMID- 1105603 TI - [Additions and corrections to the 1974 membership list, Societe francaise de phlebologie]. PMID- 1105602 TI - Perla Bautista Sanchez. PMID- 1105604 TI - [Physical methods in the treatment and prevention of deep phlebitis of the leg]. AB - By the term "physical methods" the author envisages primarily walking, wearing an elastic support, and rest with the legs raised. Physical methods for the prevention and cure of phlebitis were worked out by two French surgeons between the two wars but have been rapidly replaced by coagulant treatment. Now these methods have been reduced, in most cases, simply to a "fight against haemostasis" by means of verbal instructions and with no relation to the original methods : in many cases the methods are not known to the younger generation of physicians because they have not been taught them. Several factors are leading to renewed interest in these methods : on the one hand the undeniable dissatisfaction with anticoagulant therapy, and on the other hand the many experiments that, in the last 15 years, have led to an understanding of the mode of action of the physical methods. These experiments are reviewed in the present article. From the practical point of view, improvements in materials have led to improvements in the range of bandaging techniques. The authors looked back at the original publications, that is to say to the publications of Chalier and of Nard, who described methods, which have been much referred to, that were quite exacting. The different types of bandaging for the prevention and cure of thrombosis are illustrated by numerous pictures. In the curative treatment of phlebitis, there are three essential indications for the use of physical methods : contraindications for anticoagulants, their failure, and the prevention of sequelae. In the prevention of phlebitis, the raising of the legs when seated, a factor in a quasi-experimental stasis, must give way to mobilization - very early and very frequent walking. It is the opinion of specialists in phlebitis, who have used these methods over many years, that the physical methods, which are also physiological, are a valuable complement to biological methods. Their effectiveness is, however, a function of the rigour with which they are applied : --as regards degree : the support must be applied in the correct dosage, as, for example, must heparin and digitalin ; --as regards staff : the patient and his associates must collaborate closely, and nursing staff are indispensable ; --as regards skill : the faith of the physician alone can overcome the doubts or scepticism of others. PMID- 1105605 TI - Effects of near-ultraviolet and violet radiations (313-405 nm) on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in E. coli B/r: implications for growth delay. PMID- 1105606 TI - Intrinsic fluorescence of S4 and S7 E. coli ribosomal proteins. PMID- 1105607 TI - Improved rapid method to check electrode localizations in the brain. AB - A modification of known rapid methods to check electrode localization in the brain is described: the essential point consists in immersing the brain, after fixation in 4 percent Formalin, in pure heptane at -30 degrees C for 5 hr. Unstained sections, cut with the freezing microtome, are placed uncovered on glass slides and photographed (in an enlarger, as if they were negatives) either wet, to obtain a contrast resembling Weil staining, or dry, to obtain a picture corresponding to Nissl staining. PMID- 1105609 TI - Use of a folded forehead flap for reconstruction after a large excision of the full thickness of the cheek. PMID- 1105608 TI - Skin pigmentation. Current concepts and relevance to plastic surgery. PMID- 1105610 TI - Complications of free flap transfers to the mouth region. PMID- 1105611 TI - Plantar lichen planus--treatment by excision and skin grafting. Case report. PMID- 1105612 TI - Should an incompletely severed tendon be sutured? PMID- 1105613 TI - The classic reprint: The cure of cleft lips in 1561. PMID- 1105614 TI - [Brain tumor diagnosis using 3-detector-gamma-encephalography]. AB - The probability of diagnosis of brain tumours by means of 3-detector-gamma encephalography (Hg 197-Neohydrin) is higher than that of the scintigraphic procedures so far available. Above all, the diagnostic accuracy of foci with low storage rates and space-occupying processes of the infratentorial region is improved. The short duration of the examination allows the method to be applied as a screening test. PMID- 1105615 TI - [The 65th birthday of Karl Herbert Parnitzke M.D]. PMID- 1105616 TI - [Report on research into the methods of group psychotherapy]. AB - An attempt has been made by the present authors to arrive at a better understanding of and describe, the process of group therapy and its dynamics by means of an intensive and multidimensional study of a group of hospitalized neurotics undergoing psychotherapeutic treatment. The records of twenty group sessions, which were obtained from tape recordings, were analyzed by Hill's method with regard to their contents. Also, sociometric records were made of selected sessions, and we analyzed all of the various sessions and studies with regard to their latent manifestational contents. The results thus obtained are presently being evaluated. It appears that processes of group therapy are characterized by changes and by what may be called "nodal points"; what is suggestive of this is the noncasual coincidence of parameter variations observed when different methods of investigation were used. It is resonable to assume that interventions made at such points will increase the effectiveness of therapy. PMID- 1105617 TI - [The position of concentrated relaxation in a training program for the psychoprerention of myocardial infarction]. AB - After a summarised presentation of the institutional framework and of the aims of a training programme developed from psychotherapeutic and social psychological techniques, the method of concentrated relaxation is described in detail and its especial function in the first phase of training is explained. Through prompt realization results being made available through identification being made easier by the assigning into groups, through the stimulation of independent activity and the creation of an initial awareness of the problem, concentrated relaxation becomes the upholding element of this first phase, the aim of which is the increasing of motivation towards further participation in training in this relatively unsusceptible group. PMID- 1105618 TI - [Development of protective devices for violent patients in mental hospitals in Poland]. PMID- 1105619 TI - The sexual significance of the axillae. AB - The present paper will review the existing material on the relationships between the axillae and sexuality, present examples of the relationship from clinical practice, everyday life, art, anthropology, mythology, and literature, and consider the relevant human and primate physiological knowledge. PMID- 1105620 TI - An attempt at soul murder. Rudyard Kipling's early life and work. PMID- 1105621 TI - Frederick Douglass, Portrait of a black militant. A study in the family romance. PMID- 1105622 TI - Raymond Gosselin, M.D. 1899-1975. PMID- 1105623 TI - The significance of depersonalization in the life and writings of Joseph Conrad. AB - Through reference to his letters and fiction, this paper attempts to demonstrate how Conrad made use of depersonalization in order to cope with the childhood loss of his parents and to avoid, whenever possible, psychotic regression. Genetic and dynamic aspects of depersonalization are noted along with the relationship between dream and depersonalization. PMID- 1105624 TI - Robert C. Bak, M. D. 1908-1974. PMID- 1105625 TI - Nostalgia: a 'forgotten' psychological disorder. AB - Nostalgia, a psychopathological condition affecting individuals who are uprooted, whose social contacts are fragmented, who are isolated and who feel totally frustrated and alienated, was first described in the 17th century and was a problem of considerable interest to physicians in the 18th and 19th centuries. By the 20th century it seemed to have disappeared, but reappeared under other labels. PMID- 1105626 TI - Psychology of charismatic followers. PMID- 1105627 TI - The effect of diazepam and fentanyl on mental, psychomotor and electroencephalographic functions and their rate of recovery. AB - Ten healthy male subjects received diazepam (10 or 20 mg), fentanyl (0.1 or 0.2 mg) or a placebo intravenously at weekly intervals according to a latin square design. They were tested on a battery of psychological and electroencephalographic tests at 0.5, 2, 6, and 8 hrs following injection. Fentanyl had little effect on memory while diazepam reduced the ability to learn without increasing forgetting of material alread acquired. By the 2nd hour post injection, only the low dose of fentanyl had no residual effect. Recovery was complete by the 6th hour for all treatments according to the psychological tests except for the lagging effect of high dose of diazepam on memory. The electroencephalographic effects of diazepam persisted beyond the end of the testing sessions while those of the high dose of fentanyl recovered by the 8th hour. Thus in the dosages tested, diazepam had more intense and prolonged effects than fentanyl. PMID- 1105628 TI - Effect of ECT and imipramine treatment on the concentration of 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients. AB - The influence of probenecid administration on 5HIAA and HVA concentrations in the CSF of depressed patients, was studied before and after treatment with imipramine or ECT. The average increase of the two metabolites in the CSF after probenecid was similar in the untreated depressed patients and in the same patients improved after both imipramine or ECT treatment. The treatment determined a significant increase in the CSF concentration of the acid metabolites also before the probenecid administration. PMID- 1105629 TI - The effect of lithium treatment on manic symptoms and levels of monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of manic depressive patients. AB - Clinical effects, levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and lithium levels in serum were examined in 13 manic depressive patients acutely admitted because of a manic or hypomanic episode. Patients were examined before and 12 days after the beginning of lithium treatment. Manic scores were significantly reduced during treatment. The levels of 5-HIAA as well as HVA increased significantly during treatment. The HVA to 5 HIAA ratio was significantly reduced, indicating a more pronounced change in 5 HIAA than in HVA. The 5-HIAA and HVA levels before as well as after 12 days of treatment were significantly correlated. No significant correlation was found between manic scores and monoamine metabolites in CSF or between lithium level in serum and reduction of manic scores or elevation of monoamine metabolites in CSF in the relative small number of patients studied. PMID- 1105630 TI - Smooth-pursuit eye movements, and diazepam, CPZ, and secobarbital. AB - This study examined the effects on smooth-pursuit eye tracking of single doses of CPZ (0.667 and 1.334 mg/kg), diazepam (0.071, 0.142, and 0.284 mg/kg), and secobarbital (100 mg). Only the barbiturate significantly affected the ability to follow a moving target with smooth-pursuit eye movements. In repeated testing of a single subject, 130 mg of secobarbital disrupted smooth-pursuit movements at least until 24 hrs after ingestion. PMID- 1105631 TI - Divided attention performance of cannabis users and non-users following cannabis and alcohol. AB - The effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) and alcohol, and their combination, on divided attention performance were compared for cannabis users and non-users of both sexes. Performance by all subjects was significantly impaired following 2.6 and 5.2 mg delta9-THC but not at blood alcohol concentrations of 48 and 96 mg/100 ml. The combined effect of the 2 drugs depended upon prior experience with cannabis. A synergistic action occurred in non-users while an antagonistic effect occurred in the group of users. Differences in the alcohol effects between users and non-users provided evidence of cross-tolerance between cannabis and alcohol. PMID- 1105632 TI - A study of abrupt lithium withdrawal. AB - Twelve patients were abruptly switched from lithium to placebo as part of a double-blind cross-over study. In contrast to other drugs effective in mood disorders, lithium produced no withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 1105633 TI - The effect of adrenaline on human platelet MAO activity. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was determined before and after the subcutaneous administration of adrenaline to nine healthy volunteers. Significant increases were found 15 min and 1 hr after adrenaline in the enzymatic activity with benzylamine acting as substrate. Increases were also found in all but two samples in the activity towards tyramine. Such increases may be part of a general response to "stress", and, if so, need to be taken into account when interpreting changes in platelet MAO activity in psychiatric patients. PMID- 1105634 TI - Prediction of response to chlorpromazine treatment in schizophrenics. AB - A dose of 50 mg of chlorpromazine (CPZ) was given to 6 untreated schizophrenic patients and 8 healthy volunteers at 7:00 a.m. before breakfast. Blood samples were taken 3, 6, 9 and 24 hrs after for the analyses of CPZ and its metabolites by gas chromatographic techniques. In the cases of schizophrenic patients, the CPZ treatment was continued. Serum drug levels were monitored and clinical response assessed. The drug levels in serum of another group of patients already under long term treatment were also determined. Although wide inter-patients variations in serum drug levels after a single dose administration were observed, the CPZ level in the patients decreased faster than in the normal subjects. Patients showing high levels of the metabolites such as demethylated CPZ and CPZ sulfoxide after a single dose of CPZ tended to achieve poorer clinical improvement in CPZ therapy, agreeing with the results that poor responders to long term CPZ treatment revealed relatively high levels of the metabolites of CPZ compared with CPZ level. The results indicate that the study of a single dose administration prior to initiating treatment with CPZ can be used to determine how an individual patient would respond to CPZ therapy and be a valuable tool in the rational pharmacotherapy of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 1105635 TI - Pharmacodynamics of imipramine in depressed patients. PMID- 1105636 TI - An attempt to establish quality control in determination of plasma chlorpromazine by a multilaboratory collaboration. PMID- 1105637 TI - Blood level, mood, and MHPG responses to diazepam in man. PMID- 1105638 TI - A preliminary report on clinical response and blood levels of chlorpromazine and its sulfoxide during chlorpromazine therapy in chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 1105639 TI - Chlorpromazine metabolism and clinical response in acute schizophrenia: a preliminary report. PMID- 1105640 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of chlordiazepoxide. PMID- 1105641 TI - Drugs and psychotherapy in depression revisited: issues in the analysis of long term trials. PMID- 1105642 TI - Imipramine, behavior therapy, and phobia. PMID- 1105643 TI - A survey of psychoactive drug use in the aged in Veterans Administration hospitals. PMID- 1105644 TI - Doxepin in the treatment of obsessive compulsive neurosis. PMID- 1105645 TI - History of the tuberculosis and diseases of the chest group. PMID- 1105646 TI - Insulin antibodies and the control of diabetes. AB - Seventy-two insulin-treated diabetic patients were classified on the basis of a clinical evaluation of their control of diabetes. There were 39 stable patients, 23 unstable patients and 10 patients of intermediate degree of control. Four insulin resistant patients were also studied. Serum insulin antibodies were measured in each patient and the concept of insulin buffering by its antibody was developed. Most unstable patients had low concentrations of insulin antibody. Twenty-four of the 39 stable patients had a significant concentration of insulin antibody and 15 patients had low levels of antibody. The insulin resistant patients had hugh levels of antibody. All unstable patients had low antibody buffering and all insulin resistant patients had high antibody buffering. Although many stable patients had buffering antibodies others lacking antibody required a low insulin dose and their stability of diabetic control was attributed to residual pancreatic function. PMID- 1105648 TI - 'The poor man's Nightingale'. PMID- 1105647 TI - Studies on the nature and causes of hyperlipidaemia in uraemia, maintenance dialysis and renal transplantation. AB - Fasting serum triglyceride and cholesterol measurements, and lipoprotein characterization by ultracentrifugation, were performed in four groups of patients with chronic renal disease (uraemic, short- and long-term haemodialysis and renal transplant recipients) and the results compared with those obtained from age- and sex-matched control subjects. Basal insulin and growth hormone levels, and serum creatinine and albumin concentrations were measured in, and detailed dietary histories taken from patients in each group. The predominant lipid abnormalities were hypertriglyceridaemia and increased very low density lipoproteins (type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia) in both uraemic and haemodialysis patients. Following renal transplantation, a different pattern of hyperlipidaemia was found. Hypercholesterolaemia was more common and hypertriglyceridaemia less common than in the uraemic and haemodialysis group. The lipoprotein abnormalities were increased low density and/or very low density lipoproteins, with types IIa IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinaemia occurring equally frequently. In uraemic and haemodialysis patients, the proportion of carbohydrate in the diet was high, and may have played a role in the genesis of hypertriglyceridaemia. There was a positive correlation between relative body weight and serum triglyceride in the long-term dialysis group. In renal allograft recipients hypertriglyceridaemia could be attributed, at least in part, to obesity, prednisone dosage and the degree of impairment of graft function. The aetiology of hypercholesterolaemia in the transplant recipients was unclear. Neither basal insulin nor growth hormone levels were elevated in any patient group. Uraemic hypertriglyceridaemia is a clearly defined and well documented metabolic abnormality which is not corrected by dialysis. Post-transplantation hyperlipidaemia however, is a condition of variable presentation and multifactorial aetiology. PMID- 1105649 TI - Structural specificity in the lethal and mutagenic activity of furocoumarins in yeast cells. AB - Using monofunctional (Angelicin) and bifunctional furocoumarins (Psoralen and 8 Methoxypsoralen) plus 365 nm light it is shown that both damages, the induced monoadducts and/or crosslinks in DNA, provoke lethal and mutgenic effects in haploid and diploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bifunctional furocoumarins are about 20 times more effective in cell killing than Angelicin. Diploid cells are always more resistant than haploid cells. Dark repair (agar haolding) increases survival. This effect can be at least in part correlated to the release of bound material from DNA in dark repair conditions. Bifunctional psoralens (10 mug/ml) are at least 10-fold more effective in inducing nuclear gene black mutations (his- to HIS+) than Angelicin (10 mug/ml) plus 365 nm light or 254 nm ultraviolet light. In contrast cytoplasmic "petite" (delta-) mutations are about as frequently induced by Angelicin plus 365 nm light as by 254 nm UV light. Bifunctional furocoumarins are less effective. The frequency of cytoplasmic "petite" mutations per survivors decreases during dark repair conditions more efficiently after Angelicin than after Psoralen plus 365 nm light treatment. PMID- 1105650 TI - Studies on the energy metabolism during the respiratory process by baker's yeast. AB - Microcalorimetry, in combination with conventional methods for determining metabolic activity, opens the possibility to study the efficiency with which ATP, produced as a result of metabolic activity, is utilized by the cell for energy requiring synthetic reactions. Using commercial baker's yeast as a test organism and glucose, ethanol, acetic and lactic acids as substrates, the fate of the ATP produced by the respiratory process was studied by measuring oxygen consumption (using the Warburg technique) and the corresponding heat development (using the LKB Flow-Microcalorimeter). From these data heat development per mm3 oxygen consumed was calculated. Values obtained should fall within a heat production range that can be calculated from the combustion heat of the process (maximum heat development) and maximum energy conservation, assuming full participation of ATP in energy-requiring synthetic reactions (minimum heat development). It was found that during the respiratory process of "resting" cells of baker's yeast, regardless of the substrate used, heat development was close to the maximum value inherent with substrate oxidation. Consequently, practically all ATP, produced as a result of the respiratory process, is de-phosphorylated under heat development and thus is not (or very inefficiently) utilized for energy-requiring synthetic reactions. In accordance with this conclusion it was found that addition of 2-4 DNP, a powerful uncoupler of phosphorylation from the respiratory process, did not result in an appriciable increase in heat development. Even in the presence of an assimilable N source, allowing unrestricted growth, initially only a very small percentage of the ATP produced is utilized for synthetic processes. A gradual improvement of this poor economic ATP utilization was observed during the prelogarithmic growth phase. As a possible explanation of this wasteful aerobic metabolism of baker's yeast and its restricted ability to utilize ATP for synthetic processes was mentioned the exceptional low content of messenger RNA, typical for a baker's yeast subjected to a ripening process before harvesting. PMID- 1105651 TI - Influence of energy metabolism on the repair of x-ray damage in living cells. IV. Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the repair phenomena during fractionated irradiation of yeast. AB - Inhibition of repair of sublethal and potentially lethal damage was observed in respiratory-deficient mutants of yeast during fractionated X-irradiation in the presence of equimolar concentrations of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and glucose in the growth medium. In the wild-type cells, on the other hand, an enhancement of repair of the potentially lethal damage was obtained under similar conditions. These results suggest, by analogy, that in higher organisms also, 2-deoxy-D glucose may differentially inhibit the repair of radiation damage in hypoxic tumor cells while enhancement of repair processes could be expected in normal tissues. PMID- 1105652 TI - Letter: On the repairable sublethal damage induced by 210Po alpha rays and 60Co gamma rays in diploid yeast. PMID- 1105653 TI - Pulse radiolysis studies of electron transfer reaction in molecules of biological interest. I. The reduction of a disulfide bridge by peptide radicals. PMID- 1105654 TI - Influence of agents that enhance lethal effects of radiation on the damage to bacterial membranes by x rays and ultraviolet light. PMID- 1105655 TI - New concepts in radiography. PMID- 1105656 TI - History of a school. PMID- 1105657 TI - A laser x-ray combination for anatomical positioning in stereotaxic thermal hypophysectomies. PMID- 1105658 TI - Renal ultrasound. PMID- 1105659 TI - Sonography in obstetrics. PMID- 1105660 TI - [Methodic aspects in the nuclear medical thrombosis diagnosis with 125I fibrinogen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105661 TI - Marie Curie: the birth of a science. PMID- 1105662 TI - Effect of irradiation on immune responses. AB - The radioresistance of antibody-mediated immune response is lowest when radiation is given before antigen, and rises steadily with time after antigen stimulation to reach a maximum when serum antibody is at a maximum, suggesting that antibody producing cells are highly resistant. Irradiation affects the antibody-mediated response by 1) lengthening the period between stimulation and production of detectabel levels of serum antibody, 2) decreasing the rate of increase in serum antibody levls, and 3) decreasing the maximum concentration of serum antibody. Irradiation affects the cell-mediated response by inhibiting immunization and delayed hypersensitivity reactions when administered before antigen. Because the cell-mediated response involves nonlymphoid cells whose precursors are also radiosensitive, irradiation following stimulation may also produce temporary suppression. PMID- 1105663 TI - Nonspecific immunotherapy of malignant tumors. AB - At present, nonspecific immunotherapy of malignant tumors seems to be the most promising among immunotherapeutic modalities. Potent nonspecific immunostimulants, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Corynebacterium parvum, exhibit an antitumor activity in experimental animals, which is commonly manifested by reduced tumor growth and sometimes by complete regression of tumors. Antitumor effectiveness of these bacteria is largely related to tumor immunogenicity and host immunocompetence. Recently, BCG has frequently been used for clinical immunotherapy and has provided therapeutic benefit in many instances, particularly when combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery. Clinical experience with C. parvum is so far limited. PMID- 1105664 TI - Neurotransmitters and the regulation of food intake. PMID- 1105665 TI - Neural and humoral interactions between basal prechiasmatic area and median eminence. PMID- 1105666 TI - Releasing hormones and sexual behavior. PMID- 1105667 TI - Ultrashort feedback effects of releasing hormones. PMID- 1105668 TI - Value of exercise testing for screening asymptomatic men for latent coronary artery disease. AB - Treadmill exercise testing identifies a group of men at high risk for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. However, the predictive value and sensitivity limitations are obvious. An abnormal electrocardiographic response does not absolutely predict the presence of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and a normal response does not rule out this possibility. Thus in appropriate instances when the minimal risk of coronary angiography is justified this procedure can be used to determine the anatomic correlation of exercise-induced functional ST segment changes. PMID- 1105669 TI - HL-A histocompatibility antigens and their relation to disease. AB - Table 14 summarizes the data presented in this review. The table lists the various diseases, along with whatever HL-A-antigen associations may be present, and the ranking that is based on the accumulated confidence of the associations; also, it lists the individual antigens and those disease states in which the incidence of the various antigens is increased ro decreased. The Table should expand rapidly in future years. There are a number of problems involved in this area of research: (1) There is a scarcity and lack of stability of good reagents, as well as the general difficulty of HL-A serology. (2) Many studies are retrospective on cells that may be abnormal. We have mentioned the changing sensitivity of lymphocytes to HL-A antibodies in disease. Increased sensitivity of weak antibodies present in the HL-A antisera may create the false impression of increased frequencies. (3) What control population one selects is also of the utmost importance. One method of internal control is to include in the controls related and unrelated individuals, all tests being run at the same time, employing the same reagents, and being run by the same technician. (4) In some disease states, notably Hodgkin's disease and SLE, autoantibodies present may interfere with the HL-A antisera reactions. All of this is compounded by the fact that the lymphocyte is constantly and rapidly shedding and replacing the HL-A antigens; the rate of turnover may change in patients, thus introducing an additional problem. Finally, there is a need for a standardization of statistical tools and for the reporting of both positive and negative results [133]. The concern for a significant quantity of test data and the problems of evaluating statistical data bring out many views. Boswell, in The Life of Samuel Johnson, noted: "I recollect nothing passed this day except Johnson's quickness, who, when Dr. Beattie observed, as something remarkable which happened to him, that he had chanced to see both No. 1 and No. 1000 of the hackney-coaches. The first and the last, 'Why Sir' (said Johnson) 'there is an equal chance for one's seeing those two numbers as any other two.'" A partial solution to these problems may be offered by the evaluation of the LD antigens [49, 63, 64]. In any event, HL-A typing offers an unique opportunity for the grouping of related diseases, as similar clinical findings with related distributions of HL-A antigens may indicate disease relationships not previously considered [27]. PMID- 1105670 TI - An insight into cancer immunology and immunotherapy. PMID- 1105671 TI - Laboratory tests for diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. AB - 1. Antimitochondrial antibody titers of 1:160 are practically diagnostic of primary biliary cirrhosis [71]. Serum antimitochondrial antibody titers of less than 1:16 are seen in 10% of cases of primary biliary cirrhosis. The antimitochondrial antibodies are usually absent in jaundiced patients with extrahepatic obstruction, drug sensitivity, and viral hepatitis. 2. Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are noted in the various autoimmune liver disorders, viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, malignancy, and intrinsic bronchial asthma. The smooth muscle antibody test helps in the differential diagnosis of lupoid hepatitis vs. systemic lupus erythematosus. The anti-smooth-muscle antibodies are usually absent in systemic lupus erythematosus. 3. The antinuclear antibody is frequently positive in the autoimmune liver diseases. In cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis associated with a high titer of antinuclear antibody the prognosis is usually grave. 4. The presence of antimicrosomal liver and kidney antibody is indicative of chronic aggressive liver disease, which is different from the classic lupoid hepatitis [95, 97]. 5. Hepatitis-B-antigen assay should be performed routinely to exclude viral hepatitis, type B. Heterophile antibody tests should done when the possibility of infectious mononucleosis must be considered. 6. Serum immunoglobulin determinations are of secondary importance in the laboratory diagnosis of autoimmune liver disorders. There is usually a polyclonal elevation of the major immunoglobulin in most chronic parenchymal liver diseases[48]. PMID- 1105672 TI - The diagnosis of parasitic diseases. PMID- 1105673 TI - Multiphasic screening and biochemical profiles: state of the art, 1975. PMID- 1105674 TI - Dedicated to Mrs. Albert D. Lasker. PMID- 1105675 TI - Immunology of breast cancer: clinical implications. PMID- 1105676 TI - Current evidence about the causes of malignant melanoma. PMID- 1105677 TI - Histology and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. PMID- 1105678 TI - Current status of carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 1105679 TI - Risk factors in breast cancer. AB - Various factors have been found to be predictors of the relative risk of breast cancer (Table 2). Epidemiologic variables influencing breast cancer risk include age, marital status, geographic location, racial or ethnic extraction, and socioeconomic status. The risk of developing mammary carcinoma is increased with advancing age, among unmarried women, in the United States and Europe, and among women of higher socioeconomic classes. Conversely, a decreased breast cancer risk is observed among fertile married women in Asian countries, among Oriental women, and in lower socioeconomic classes. Reproductive history plays an important role in determining breast cancer risk. The risk of developing mammary carcinoma is increased by an early menarche and decreased by delayed first menses. A late natural menopause increases breast cancer risk while an early oophorectomy offers protection. Hormonal factors are thought to play important roles in the etiology of breast cancer, but the contributions of estrogenic and androgenic influences to mammary neoplasia have not been delineated. Certain estrogen fractions have been implicated as mammary carcinogens, while certain adrenal androgenic steroids have been shown to be promotors of breast cancers. Chronic cystic mastitis is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. A positive family history increases the risk of developing mammary carcinoma and a past history of breast cancer markedly increases the possibility of subsequent breast neoplasia. PMID- 1105680 TI - Problems of human concern arising from animal models of intrauterine and neonatal infections due to viruses: a review. II. Pathologic studies. PMID- 1105681 TI - Live viruses for immunization against influenza. PMID- 1105682 TI - [Species and specificity of restriction endonucleases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105683 TI - [R-DNA polymerase in DNA replication of animal cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105684 TI - [Food protein improvement and plastein reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105685 TI - [Recent progress in the enzyme-labeled antibody method (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105686 TI - [Radioimmunoassay. Problems of measurement of gonadotropins in blood samples (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105687 TI - [Tracing of the maturation process of thyroglobulin by immunological methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105688 TI - [On the circularly polarization of luminescence--its principle and applicability to biochemistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105689 TI - [Interfacial films of proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105690 TI - [Lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2: a model to study membrane structure and assembly (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105691 TI - Prostaglandin E2 on the electroencephalogram. AB - Present study was prompted by the report from another center on the occasional occurrence of convulsions and abnormal electroencephalogram (E.E.G.) patterns in women aborted with intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). Fifty four subjects were investigated by means of an E.E.G. taken before and after initiation of PGE2 administration. They included pregnant and non-pregnant patients, nearly half (23) of whom were known epileptics. One seizure was observed during PG administration in a man with daily psychomotor attacks who had not taken his anticonvulsants on the day the test was performed. PGE2 caused no alteration of the E.E.G. in subjects with a normal control tracing; in those with an abnormal E.E.G., a deterioration was seen in one and an improvement in three. It is concluded that PGE2 is not epileptogenic at doses required for termination of pregnancy. PMID- 1105692 TI - Laminaria augmentation of intra-amniotic PGF2 for midtrimester pregnancy termination. AB - In our hands, intra-amniotic PGF2alpha 40 mg for midtrimester pregnancy termination had a mean infusion to abortion interval of 29.4 hr. However, pretreatment of 230 patients with laminaria tents inserted 14-18 hr before PGF2alpha infusion resulted in a dramatically reduced time to abortion (14.3 hr mean) with a low incidence of gastrointestinal and other side effects. Laminaria tents inserted at the same time as PGF2alpha infusion in 26 patients also resulted in reduced time to abortion (18.6 hr mean). In the laminaria pretreated group, the infusion to abortion interval was indirectly related to the number of laminaria inserted and not to the nulliparous or parous state. Although we have made significant strides in shortening the abortion interval in the hospital, retained placentae and blood loss persist as problems related to the use of prostaglandin for abortion. PMID- 1105693 TI - Induction of abortion with intra-amniotic or intra-muscular 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - In order to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (15-me-PGF2alpha) for pregnancy termination, we induced 30 abortions with single intra-amniotic injections of 2,5 mg of 15-me-PGF2alpha and 25 abortions with intra-muscular 15-me-PGF2alpha administered 200 mug initially and 300 mug every third hour until 30 hrs or abortion. Abortion occurred within 30 hrs in 97% of cases in the intra-amniotic group, with a mean abortion time of 17,6 hrs and in 80% in the intramuscular group, with a mean abortion time of 15.0 hrs. Neither parity nor gestational age was significantly related to the abortifacient efficacy of 15-me-PGF2alpha. No serious complications occurred. Vomiting (83-84%) and diarrhoea (23-92%) were the most common complaints. Uterine contractions were more painful if induction was effected with intra-amniotic rather than intramuscular injections. 15-me-PGF2alpha appears to be an effective and practicable abortifacient which can be used intra-amniotically or intramuscularly according to the ease of amniocentesis. PMID- 1105694 TI - The effect of prostaglandin F2beta on expiratory flow rates. AB - Prostaglandin F2beta (PGF2beta), a stereoisomer of F2alpha was administered by ultrasonic nebulization to eight patients with bronchial asthma and four normal subjects in increasing doses up to 200 mug maximum dose. Maximum expiratory flow (MEF) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were analyzed at 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after administration of aerosol. All expiratory flow rates were reduced after 5 minutes. Some increase in terminal flow rates was observed after 60 minutes. We conclude that PGF2beta in not an effective bronchodilator at this dose level. PMID- 1105695 TI - Decreased inhibition of platelet aggregation by PGE1 in children with cystic fibrosis and their parents. AB - PGE1 inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in children with cystic fibrosis and their parents to a much lesser extent than in normal controls. We suggest that this may be a reliable test for heterozygote carriers of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1105696 TI - The effect of indomethacin on plasma renin activity in man under normal conditions and after stimulation of the renin angiotensin system. AB - 1) The influence of oral indomethacin on basal and stimulated plasma renin activity in normal human subjects was determined. 2) Indomethacin lowers the basal plasma renin activity in man. 3) The response of the plasma renin activity after indomethacin to physiological and pharmacological stimuli is maintained at a lower level. 4) There is no evidence from our experiments that major changes in the sodium balance are responsible for the effects observed. PMID- 1105697 TI - Antagonism of the effects of furosemide by indomethacin in normal and hypertensive man. AB - Furosemide and the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin, were administered singly and in combination to four normal subjects and six patients with essential hypertension in order to determine whether the antihypertensive, natriuretic and other effects of furosemide could be altered by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In all subjects indomethacin treatment alone resulted in a significant elevation of blood pressure and a fall in plasma renin without any change in sodium excretion. Furosemide alone resulted in a significant blood pressure fall with a rise in plasma renin and urinary aldosterone with a marked increase in urinary sodium loss. These effects were either obviated or blunted by addition of indomethacin. The results are compatible with hypothesis that the antihypertensive and natriuretic effects of furosemide might be mediated at least in part by prostaglandin synthesis. In addition, the effects of indomethacin should be considered when using this drug in hypertensive patients and in subjects requiring diuretic therapy. PMID- 1105698 TI - Treatment with reserpine of patients resistant to tricyclic antidepressants. A double-blind trial. AB - The literature concerning the therapeutic effects of the administration of reserpine to patients who fail to respond satisfactorily is discussed briefly. A double-blind study was conducted on 14 patients; eight were given 5 mg of reserpine i.m. and six were given 2 ml of normal saline on 2 successive days. The administration of the tricyclic antidepressants the patients had been taking, was continued. The Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale was administered on the day before treatment was commenced, and repeated on the fourth day. Statistical analysis revealed that the patients who received reserpine showed a highly significant improvement of a good quality. The mean fall in the Hamilton rating for the placebo group was 6 points, and in the reserpine group it was 18.87. The therapeutic significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 1105699 TI - [Eduardo Caballero y Caballero 1904-1974]. PMID- 1105700 TI - [IgM monoclonal gammapathies: a spectrum of hematologic-clinical options (analysis of 24 cases)]. PMID- 1105701 TI - [Antibiotics and the kidney]. PMID- 1105702 TI - [Desquamative interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 1105703 TI - [Spino-medullary dysplasias of the lumbo-sacral region]. PMID- 1105704 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies. Diagnostic significance and methods of detection]. PMID- 1105705 TI - [New aspects of vitamin D]. PMID- 1105706 TI - [The immunological problem of pregnancy]. PMID- 1105707 TI - [Viral infections and systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1105708 TI - [Historic evaluation of nursing by the students of the Nursing School of the University of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 1105709 TI - [Ana Neri and the Women's International Year]. PMID- 1105710 TI - [Editorial: Glete de Alcantara. In memoriam]. PMID- 1105711 TI - [Medieval universities]. PMID- 1105712 TI - [Continuous positive pressure respiration after cardiac surgery in infants]. PMID- 1105713 TI - Myofibrillar abnormalities following cardiac muscle cell injury. AB - A review is presented of morphological aspects of myofibrillar alterations which occur in cardiac muscle cells following various types of injury. Emphasis is placed on the association between specific patterns of alterations involving the structure or the orientation of myofibrils and diverse forms of myocardial injury. PMID- 1105714 TI - Different morphological types of myocardial cell death in man. AB - The evolutive histological stages, the frequency, and the eventual association of the different types of myocardial cell death have been studied in the following human material: acute infarction, sudden "coronary" death, accidental death, pheochromocytoma, transplanted hearts, "stone" heart syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Three distinct main histological types of myocardial cell death are recognizable: Coagulation necrosis, the fundamental lesion in infarcts in which the myocardial cell loses its capability to contract and dies in an atonic state with overdistension due to the intraventricular pressure. No early myofibrillar damage is seen. Coagulative myocytolysis, found in all the present cases, always seen in the outer zone of an early infarct and in the surrounding normal myocardium at any stage of the repair process in most of the acute infarcts and in most cases of sudden death. The myocardial cell dies in a hypercontracted state, with early myofibrillar rhexis, and anomalous irregular cross-band formations. This tetanic death is similar to that seen in pheochromocytoma and in experimental catecholamine-induced necrosis. Colliquative myocytolysis, in which edematous vacuolization with dissolution of myofibrils is the main early finding, without hypercontraction, anomalous bands, and myofibrillar rhexis. This pattern, likely related to the low-output syndrome, was often seen in the preserved subendocardial and perivascular muscle fibers of acute infarct cases, in some transplanted hearts, and in all the alcoholic hearts. The different clear-cut morphological patterns of these three types of myocardial necrosis suggest a different pathogenesis and that different pathogenetic mechanisms may act in the same disease. PMID- 1105715 TI - In memoriam-Eors Bajusz 1926-1973. PMID- 1105716 TI - Relationship between catecholamines and other hormones. PMID- 1105718 TI - The operating characteristics of the hypothalamic-pituitary system during the menstrual cycle and observations of biological action of somatostatin. PMID- 1105717 TI - Hormonal regulation of ovalbumin synthesis in the chick oviduct. PMID- 1105720 TI - Genetic approaches to the study of the regulation and actions of vasopressin. PMID- 1105719 TI - Somatostatin. PMID- 1105721 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (with some related observations regarding therapy). PMID- 1105722 TI - Metals and the immune response. A review. PMID- 1105723 TI - Pesticides in air: sampling methods. PMID- 1105724 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of residues of insecticidal carbamates. PMID- 1105725 TI - Evaluation of lung function indices for bronchodilator trials. Results of a cross over study of fenoterol. AB - In 10 patients with airway obstruction, spirographic indices and maximal expiratory flow rates were measured before inhalation of fenoterol and at different time intervals, for 5 h, following the inhalation of 200 mug of this substance. 10 min after inhalation of fenoterol, there was a statistically significant increase in all lung function indices. A further increase was observed later. 3 h after inhalation of fenoterol, all indices were still significantly higher than control values. No side effects were observed. At all time intervals, the increase of the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and maximal expiratory flow rate at 50 and 75% of the vital capacity reached a similar level of statistical significance. It is concluded that for the trial of the bronchodilator drugs, any of these indices may be used, and for practical purposes FEV1.0 and PEFR are best suited. PMID- 1105726 TI - Objective evaluation of antitussive agents under clinical conditions. AB - A new method for objective assessment of cough under normal or pathological conditions is described. Thoracic coughing can be discriminated from any other pressure wave because of its relatively high frequency. This method was applied in a double blind crossover trial in 18 patients with respiratory disease. PMID- 1105727 TI - [Angina pectoris due to functional cause (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105728 TI - [On the evaluation of hemodynamics in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105729 TI - [Long-term experiences with local administration of Depo-Medrol (methylprednisolone acetate) in the treatment of various rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 1105730 TI - [Clinical and immunological findings in 42 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105731 TI - [Chronic meningitis by Cryptococcus neoformans treated with amphotericin B. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105732 TI - [Application of current data on occlusion to the construction of joint prosthesis]. PMID- 1105734 TI - [Jeronimo Geraldo de Campos Freire 1910-1975]. PMID- 1105733 TI - [Rheumatoid disease. Etiopathogenic elements]. PMID- 1105735 TI - [Renal autotransplantation as a treatment of renovascular lesions]. PMID- 1105736 TI - [Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis and renal transplantation]. PMID- 1105737 TI - [Metabolic aspects of uric acid excretion following human renal transplantation]. PMID- 1105738 TI - [Polycythemia after kidney transplantation. The effect of the primary kidneys in the production of hemoglobin]. PMID- 1105739 TI - Early detection of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 1105740 TI - [Transferable gentamicin resistance in multiresistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium]. PMID- 1105741 TI - [Peruvian strain of Trypanosoma rangeli. IV. Observations on its development and morphogenesis in the hemocele and salivary glands of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis]. PMID- 1105742 TI - Production of MIF-like supernatants by rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes stimulated by immunoglobulin G. AB - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), patients with positive tuberculin (PPD) skin-tests and controls were studied. The lymphocytes from these groups were cultured in serum-free medium to obtain cell-free supernatants. These lymphocyte cultures were pre-incubated with the appropriate antigen or reconstituted after removal of the cells. Supernatants from RA lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by IgG induced an inhibition of the leucocyte migration, as well as the supernatants from tuberculin-sensitized lymphocytes. However, supernatants from non-RA lymphocytes or tuberculin-unsensitized lymphocytes did not show such an inhibition. These MIF-like supernatants have been studied by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. A MIF activity has been found for PPD and IgG supernatants between the chymotrypsinogen (MW 23,000) and the lysozyme (MW 17,000). This seems to agree with the classical region where MIF can be usually isolated. PMID- 1105743 TI - Altered local metabolism of complement components in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1105744 TI - The properdin pathway: mechanisms of complement activation and analogies to the classical pathway. PMID- 1105745 TI - Blood and tissue distribution of lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1105746 TI - Complement and pathogenesis of rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid synovitis. PMID- 1105747 TI - Immune complexes and induced release of lysosomal enzymes from mononuclear phagocytes in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1105748 TI - Experimental arthritis produced by injection of mediators of delayed hypersensitivity. AB - Synovitis was produced in the rabbit knee by repeated intraarticular injection of a preparation of mediators of cellular immunity. The mediators were prepared by incubation of KLH with lymph node cells of animals previously immunized with KLH in Freund's adjuvant. Following three intraarticular injections, a chronic synovitis resulted in which hyperplasia of the lining layer and infiltration of the sublining layer occurred. The cell types in the sublining layer were predominantly histiocytes and fibroblasts. These experiments demonstrate that mediators of cellular immunity may produce a chronic inflammatory reaction when injected repeatedly into normal joints. They indicate that the cellular immune response may play a role in the development of the synovitis of immunologically induced arthritides. PMID- 1105749 TI - The origin of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The origin of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is in our opinion a bacterial infection. The infection gives rise to changes in the macrophages, with release of enzymes, etc., and secondarily abnormal immune processes occur. In favor of this opinion is, among other things, the similarity with rheumatic fever, which is caused by streptococci group A, as well as experience gained in connection with experimentally provoked arthritis. In experimental arthritis, produced by streptococci group B (Svartz), there appears in rats the same type of joint disease as in human RA and, besides, a rheumatoid factor (RF)-like macroglobulin, which cannot be distinguished by available methods from human RF macroglobulin. A 7 S hemagglutinating RF (RF II) was also produced in animals, as well as some other immunoglobulins. The RF II has a much weaker hemagglutinating capacity than the usual RF macroglobulin which for comparison could be termed RF I. The streptococci B used in our investigations were mostly isolated from the nasopharynx of RA patients. PMID- 1105750 TI - Mycoplasma hyorhinis arthritis of swine: a model for rheumatoid arthritis? PMID- 1105751 TI - Studies on the production of MIF and mitogenic factor using highly purified human T and B lymphocytes. AB - Human lymphocytes were separated into highly purified populations using an immunoadsorbent column technique. It was previously reported that both T and B cells exhibited increased 3H-thymidine incorporation in response to PHA, Con A and pokeweed mitogens, whereas only T cells showed increased incorporation in response to specific antigen. In the present studies, the cellular basis of MIF and mitogenic factor production was studied. Both T and B cells produced MIF in response to antigen. The MIF produced by both T and B cells elutes from Sephadex G-100 columns in the same fraction. Studies using BUdR and light suggest that the T cell which produces MIF is also a proliferating cell, whereas the B cell producing MIF is not. Only T cells produce mitogenic factor in response to antigen. The mitogenic factor produced, however, causes both T and B cell populations to increase 3H-thymidine incorporation. The present studies indicate that antigen induced mitogenic factor production and increased 3H-thymidine incorporation are properties of T cells per se, whereas antigen-induced MIF is made by both T and B cells. PMID- 1105752 TI - Lumbar traction: a double-blind controlled study for sciatica. AB - A double-blind control study of lumbar traction for sciatica has been carried out. Although there is a tendency for traction to produce improvement in pain and straight-leg raise the extent does not achieve statistical significance. Changing 'control' patients to 'treatment' seemed to produce worthwhile relief of pain for all who were not already improving. It is suggested that a large trial using more discriminating criteria might delineate a group of patients susceptible to help by traction. PMID- 1105753 TI - [Botulin toxin A detection by means of immunofluorescent adsorption reaction in experimentally contaminated food products]. PMID- 1105754 TI - A review of the history of blood replacement from the 17th to the 20th centuries. PMID- 1105755 TI - Canine renal preservation for 24-72 hours using intracellular solutions. PMID- 1105757 TI - Intrarenal distribution of blood flow. Are reliable methods available for measurements in man? PMID- 1105756 TI - A review of recent therapeutic approaches to treatment of stress ulcers. PMID- 1105758 TI - Sinus arrhythmia in man: influence of tidal volume and oesophageal pressure. AB - The effect of tidal volume (VT) and of the intrathoracic pressure (Poes) on the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was studied in healthy subjects. They breathed into a spirometer with a VT of 1, 1.5, and 2 1, at a standardized, slow respiratory rate, 6-min-1 (A). Poes was varied by (B) adding a negative inspiratory pressure (NIP) of 5 cm of water and by (C) intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) at identical VT and respiratory frequency. In a separate study (D), intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV) was induced by applying negative pressure on the thorax. In A, increasing VT provoked an augmented RSA by a more marked tachycardia as well as bradycardia. On increasing the amplitude of Poes in B, RSA was somewhat more marked due to a lower minimum heart rate. When comparing respiratory cycles that had similar Poes but a different VT, the larger VT caused a slight increase in the RSA amplitude due to a more marked deceleration of the heart rate. IPPV almost abolished RSA, whereas INPV did not reduce the arrhythmia. It is concluded that pulmonary stretch reflexes to a minor extent contribute to RSA, whereas the hypothesis of a central nervous origin does not gain support. Cardiovascular reflexes remain the main possible cause of RSA. PMID- 1105759 TI - The effect of physical training on the sympathoadrenal response to exercise. AB - The urinary excretion of catecholamines was measured in six healthy male volunteers at rest and during a fixed amount of work before and after physical training. It was found that, although training resulted in a significantly lower heart rate during exercise, the output of catecholamines was unaltered, indicating that the total activation of the sympathoadrenal system by exercise was similar before and after training. A similar heart rate study before and after training was also made during beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. Under these conditions the heart rate during exercise was not significantly changed by training. It is suggested that physical training reduces the sensitivity of the beta-receptors of the heart. PMID- 1105760 TI - Solid-phase cobalamin assay using cobalamin-binding protein from dog stomach. AB - Ninety-five samples from 42 animals were studied for the presence of a cobalamin binding protein fulfilling the criteria of occurring in major quantities and being homogeneous regarding size and binding constant. The binder from dog stomach thus found was made insoluble by coupling to bromoacetyl-cellulose and used for solid-phase assay of serum cobalamins. Equilibrium between free and bound radioactive cobalamin was unaffected by centrifugation of the samples, thus allowing the straightforward use of the Scatchard equation for calculation of results. The precision of the method was 0.05 to 0.10 at concentrations above 100 pmolX1(-1), the sensitivity was about 30 pmolX1(-1), the accuracy could be based on aqueous solutions of cyanocobalamin, and the reference interval was as for the Lactobacillus leichmannii method, i.e. 160-480 pmolX1(-1). PMID- 1105761 TI - Experimental gingivitis in young dogs. AB - The aim of the present study was to analyze and express in quantitative terms some of the structural alterations which develop in an initially normal gingiva during a phase of continuous plaque accumulation. Four beagle dogs were used. The animals had from birth been twice daily subjected to meticulous mechanical tooth cleaning. When the dogs were 10 months of age their gingiva were in excellent health as evaluated by Gingival Index and Gingival Exudate measurements. Gingival tissues were harvested from the premolar and molar regions in the right jaws. The tooth cleanings were then terminated and plaque allowed to accumulate. Clinical examinations were performed and gingival biopsies sampled after 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d. The composition of the gingival biopsies was analyzed in a sampling microscope. After 4 d of plaque accumulation significant amounts of gingival exudate could be sampled. The exudation then gradually increased during the following weeks. Biopsies representing day zero did not contain any inflammatory cell infiltrates. However, after 4 d of the experiment leukocytes were found in the collagen-poor connective tissue immediately beneath the junctional epithelium. The size of the infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) gradually increased during the experiment. The volumetric density of collagen in the noninfiltrated connective tissue (NCT) was always much higher than in ICT. In ICT, however, this density parameter remained rather constant throughout the study. On days 4 and 7 neutrophilic granulocytes constituted 60-70% of the leukocyte population. On day 28, however, the infiltrate comprised mainly mononuclear leukocytes, especially plasma cells, neutrophils at that time occupying only a small fraction of the infiltrate. PMID- 1105762 TI - Peritonitis fibroplastica incapsulata with superadded post-operative starch powder peritonitis. AB - Peritonitis fibroplastica incapsulata is not generally accepted as a distinct syndrome. However, characteristic pathological alterations can be identified at laparotomy and by histological examinations. The aetiology of the disease is unknown. In the case reported a second disease arose, i.e. the peritoneal reaction to corn starch powder in the course of the surgical treatment of the peritonitis fibroplastica. PMID- 1105763 TI - Acute abdominal complications of coeliac disease. AB - Two rare complications of coeliac disease are described in patients who presented as acute abdominal emergencies. One of the patients had both oesophageal and small intestinal obstruction produced by an ulcerative process involving these portions of the gastro-intestinal tract. The other, a patient with long standing dermatitis herpetiformis, perforated his small intestine at a site involved by both a lymphoma and partial villous atrophy. PMID- 1105764 TI - Haematopoietic defects of W/WV mice studied with the spleen colony, agar colony, and diffusion chamber techniques. AB - Bone marrow progenitor cells from anaemic W/WV mice were compared with normal +/+ cells utilizing the spleen colony, the agar colony and the diffusion chamber techniques. Spleen colony formation from W/WV cells was markedly defective, and more so for erythroid than for granuloid colonies. The progenitor cell concentration was apparently normal as measured by the two other techniques. The concentration of circulating progenitor cells also seemed to be normal. On the other hand, the cell formation per progenitor cell was subnormal in all three assay systems. The initial proliferative response of W/WV spleen colony-formers and agar colony-formers to short-term diffusion chamber culturing was apparently normal. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine, related to the number of proliferative granulocytes present in the chambers, also seemed to be normal. The results indicate that the W/WV defect is not limited to the multipotent stem cells. A possible interpretation is that it is the capacity for continued self-renewal of immature cells that is defective. PMID- 1105765 TI - Ultrastructural study of bone morrow-derived granulocytic colonies in diffusion chambers in rats. AB - An ultrastructural study of diffusion chamber granulocytic colonies is reported. The colonies were derived from normal rat bone marrow cells and the chambers were inserted into the peritoneal cavity of lethally irradiated rats. The colonies were processed en bloc for electron microscopy enabling observation of cellular relationship to be made. Ultrastructural analysis of colonies disclosed normal maturing cells at all stages of maturation, with the exception of occasional granulocytes on neutrophil type that presented narrow strips of chromatin ('nuclear blebs'). The cells in colonies generally occurred in close apposition to one another and to occasional macrophages. This organization possible enhanced transmission of factors of maturation. Advantages of diffusion chamber haematopoietic culture are discussed; among the most important are the occurrence of fibroblasts originating from implanted marrow cells and the local formation of fibrin within the chambers. PMID- 1105766 TI - Immunofluorescence microphotometry for the detection of platelet antibodies. III. Demonstration of autoantibodies against platelets. AB - After a survey of the literature dealing with the demonstration of platelet autoantibodies by immunofluorescence techniques, the results are given of a study in which immunofluorescence microphotometry was used for this purpose. The serum of 58, the platelets of 34, and the megakaryocytes of 2 patients with thrombocytopenia were investigated. In 21 of 52 sera (40%) in which the presence of platelet autoantibodies could be expected, positive results were obtained that could not be due to isoantibodies, either because the patients had not been pregnant and had not received blood transfusions or because the reactivity of the serum with the patient's own platelets was demonstrated. The platelets of 28 patients with thrombocytopenia not due to a platelet defect or decreased thrombopoiesis were investigated. In the platelets of 15 (54%) of these, significant differences in fluorescence were found with anti-immunoglobulin conjugate as well as with anti-IgG, -IgA, -IgM, or -complement reagents. It was concluded that in these patients in vivo sensitization of the platelets with autoantibody was demonstrated. In two patients an indication of the in vivo sensitization of the megakaryocytes was also obtained. PMID- 1105767 TI - Correction: mouse spleen cells cultured in homologous serum can indeed make primary antibodies to sheep erythrocytes. AB - Contrary to what I have reported in a previous article, I now present data that prove that spleen cells from various strains of mice can make primary antibodies to sheep erythrocytes in syngeneic adult serum. The reasons for this dichotomy of data are not clear. The present results indicate that it is possible to obtain an antibody response in the absence of demonstrable mitogens or polyclonal activators, suggesting activating signals only between antigen-specific cells. Primary IgG formation in vitro was demonstrable in cultures with normal mouse serum but not in fetal-calf-serum-substituted cultures. Since antigen has never induced antibody formation in vitro under serum-free conditions, it is now deduced that normal adult serum, in addition to containing suppressor molecules that restrain general lymphocyte proliferation, also contains material absolutely essential for antigen-induced specific cell proliferation to occur. These latter substances work even at very high dilutions. PMID- 1105768 TI - Experimental murine leprosy. IX. Antibodies against Mycobacterium lepraemurium in C3H and C57BL mice with murine leprosy and in patients with lepromatous leprosy. AB - Sera from C3H and C57BL mice infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) and from human leprosy patients were examined for antibodies against MLM by a crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) technique. Altogether antibodies against six or seven MLM antigens were found in the mouse sera. After a small inoculum of MLM, C3H mice produced more antibodies than C57BL mice. After a large inoculum both strains produced about the same amount of antibodies but showed qualitative differences in their response patterns. A serum pool from patients with lepromatous leprosy contained antibodies against six MLM antigens; five of these were identical with the antigens against which antibodies were found in infected mice. C57BL mice that had lost their delayed-type hypersensitivity to MLM during the course of a disseminated infection showed a fairly strong antibody response to three antigens and a weak response to three others. Since almost the same spectrum of antibodies, although in lower titres, could be demonstrated in C57BL mice with intact delayed-type hypersensitivity to the bacilli, these antibodies did not seem to interfere with the expression of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 1105769 TI - [Rapid recognition of Naegleria species]. PMID- 1105770 TI - [E. coli titer and salmonella incidence in coastal waters]. PMID- 1105771 TI - [Incidence of Salmonella in coastal waters of the Kiel Bay from the epidemiological viewpoint]. PMID- 1105772 TI - [Comparative hygienic-microbiological studies on variously polluted bathing lakes]. PMID- 1105773 TI - Influence of treatment and change of climate in women with rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled prospective study of psychological, medical and social effects. PMID- 1105774 TI - IgG rheumatoid factor in dental periapical lesions of patients with rheumatoid disease. AB - To detect "hidden" IgG rheumatoid factor in tissues from dental periapical lesions, 26 rheumatoid and 14 control patients were examined by the direct immunofluorescence technique for binding of FITC-labelled IgG before and after pepsin digestion. Whereas free rheumatoid factor was detected in only 1 rheumatoid tissue before digestion with pepsin, this tissue as well as 8 other rheumatoid tissues strongly bound heat-aggregated IgG after the digestion procedure. Six of these 9 tissues also bound native IgG. In no control tissue was free rheumatoid factor detected and in only 1 was "hidden" rheumatoid factor revealed after pepsin digestion. Hence, presence of IgG rheumatoid factor correlated positively with the presence of rheumatoid disease, and evidence was established that certain features of rheumatoid inflammation occur in dental periapical lesions of many patients with rheumatoid disease. PMID- 1105775 TI - Occurrence of amyloid in the teeth-supporting tissues of patients with rheumatoid diseases. An immunohistochemical study. AB - An investigation was carried out to determine whether amyloid could be detected in the dental periapical lesions or gingival buccal fold, or in both, of patients with rheumatoid disease but in whom amyloidosis had not been diagnosed. Tissue from the dental periapical lesions of 36 rheumatoid and 23 control patients, as well as from the gingival buccal fold of 11 of the rheumatoid and 11 of the control patients, were examined by the direct immunofluorescence technique and by polarization microscopy of sections stained with Congo red. Amyloid was observed almost 5 times more often, or in 19% of the dental periapical lesions of rheumatoid patients: it was detected by immunofluorescence in 7 rheumatoid patients and 1 control patient, and by polarization microscopy in 6 of these 7 rheumatoid patients as well as in the 1 control. Rectal biopsies performed on these 8 patients were positive in only 1 of the rheumatoid patients. Amyloid was not detected in any of the gingival biopsies. Serum samples from the rheumatoid and the control patients were tested for the presence of the nonimmunoglobulin amyloid fibril-related serum component, protein ASC. Nineteen of the 36 rheumatoid patients, including the 7 whose dental periapical lesions contained amyloid, had protein ASC in their serum. PMID- 1105776 TI - Treatment of chronic articular effusions with 90-yttrium (90Y). AB - In an open, controlled trial, radioactive 90Yttrium was injected in doses of 3-6 mCi into 40 joints with chronic effusions in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatoid diseases. The processing in a computer was carried out by the punch card method. Intra-articular administration of 90Y resulted in a significant improvement of five objective criteria. In our study we have paid particular attention to the clinical and statistical differentiation of the effects of systemic, and especially of basic therapy, from the effects of topical intra-articular therapy. At the time of the last check-up examination, 43% of the patients were free of any effusion. The treatment was well tolerated. Skin necrosis occurred in only one single case. Intra-articular treatment with radioactive 90Yttrium represents a valuable contribution to the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of the chronic articular effusions when all other methods of treatment failed. PMID- 1105777 TI - The value of roentgen irradiation in the treatment of painful degenerative and inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions. A double-blind study. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out to study the effect of roentgen radiation treatment in 104 patients presenting 127 painful disorders of the joints and muscles. 64 disorders received genuine treatment and 63 had sham treatment. Improvement occurred in 59% of the genuinely treated group and in 65% of the placebo group. The results were about the same 2 weeks and 6 weeks after termination of treatment. Thus there was no significant difference between the groups. PMID- 1105778 TI - Is constructional apraxia primarily an interhemispheric disconnection syndrome? PMID- 1105779 TI - Prognosis of post-neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) treated with positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP). AB - Thirty-six patients with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were treated with mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). In 16 patients the RDS was the result of direct pulmonary injury due to chest trauma (group A), and in 20 patients the RDS followed non-direct injury of the lungs (group B). Fifteen patients died. At the moment of death the RDS had disappeared. No difference in mortality existed between groups A and B. Four patients died from causes unrelated to the RDS, one patient died from an avoidable error in the treatment. The ultimate outcome did not seem to be related to age, use of mechanical ventilation or PEEP, or occurrence of complications (e.g. a pneumothorax, which appeared to be related rather to the chest trauma). Of probably prognostic significance was the presence of a combination of massive aspiration and RDS. Of the 12 patients who suffered from this combination, nine died. PEEP ventilation was more unsuccessful in raising PaO2 appreciably in these patients than in others. The combination of massive aspiration and RDS posses a therapeutic dilemma. PEEP ventilation is invaluable in the treatment of RDS. Interruption of the PEEP within the first 1-2 days may sometimes result in massive recurrence of the RDS. Endotracheal suctioning which is a prerequisite for the treatment of massive aspiration, may under these circumstances be virtually impossible within this period. A compromise, including PEEP ventilation for as short a period as possible (usually no longer than 2 to 3 days) without interruption, followed thereafter by intensive physiotherapy with endotracheal suctioning, may succeed in saving some of the patients. PMID- 1105780 TI - [Albrect Daniel Thaer taught the science of crop rotation. Physician experienced "rational farming"]. PMID- 1105782 TI - Colicins and the energetics of cell membranes. PMID- 1105781 TI - [The German Museum of Medical History, Ingolstadt]. PMID- 1105783 TI - The struggle between two different world outlooks in the conception of the human body. PMID- 1105785 TI - Protein transport by the pancreas. PMID- 1105784 TI - Function and homeostasis of copper and zinc in mammals. AB - Recently there has been great interest in the determination of levels of trace elements in biological systems. The goals of many researchers in this field have been: understanding the roles of micronutrients in biochemical processes and the evaluation of biological mechanisms that maintain tissue concentrations at relatively constants levels. The biochemical and physiological functions of the micronutrients copper and zinc have been reviewed with emphasis on factors, both endogenous and exogenous, associated with the maintenance of homeostatic levels in mammalian sera. Understanding the mechanisms affecting homeostasis will provide a background necessary for the application of data on serum trace minerals in the diagnosis and prognosis of disease states. The general roles of copper and zinc in animal nutrition may be understood by evaluating physiologic changes associated with deficiency states of these essential elements. Deficiencies are associated with antagonisms and interactions from other elements and from chelating organic compounds as well as with primary deficiencies due to insufficient dietary levels. Biochemical and physiochemical properties of copper and zinc biomolecules are discussed with primary emphasis on the forms of these metals in serum. Also discussed in detail, are the effects of disease, radiation exposure and environmental factors on serum and tissue copper and zinc levels. PMID- 1105786 TI - Bone resorption restored in osteopetrotic mice by transplants of normal bone marrow and spleen cells. AB - Capacity to resorb bone and calcified cartilage was restored permanently in mice with inherited osteopetrosis by the intravenous administration of cell suspensions prepared from spleen and bone marrow of normal littermates. Beginning near active growth plates as early as 2 weeks after transplantation, replacement of the abnormal spongiosa continued until medullary cavitites were fully expanded. PMID- 1105787 TI - Mefloquine (WR 142,490) in the treatment of human malaria. AB - Mefloquine hydrochloride, a new 4-quinolinemethanol, was administered as a single oral dose to 47 volunteers infected with malaria. Treatment resulted in rapid clearence of fever and parasitemia. No recrudescence of parasites was observed after treatment of chloroquine-sensitive infections of Plasmodium falciparum. More significantly, in nonimmune persons with chloroquine-resistant infections, 1 gram of mefloquine cured 10 of 12 patients and 1.5 grams cured all 8 patients who received this dose of the drug. The marked activity of a single dose of mefloquine against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum suggests that this agent may be more useful than currently available drugs are for the treatment of drug-resistant malaria. PMID- 1105788 TI - Exocrine pancreas: evidence for topographic partition of secretory function. AB - The pattern of amylase, lipase, and chymotrpsinogen content found in pancreatic exocrine tissue surrounding the islets of Langerhans (periinsular halos) differs from that of the rest, or teleinsular part, of the pancreas. Such a topographic partition of secretory function may play a role in the regulation of pancreatic juice composition. PMID- 1105789 TI - [Use of diarginine alpha-ketoglutarate following abdominal surgery. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 1105790 TI - Polycethemia: I. Introduction. PMID- 1105791 TI - Secondary polycythemia. PMID- 1105792 TI - Familial polycythemia. AB - Since erythropoiesis is regulated at a number of steps, it seems likely that multiple genetically determined defects could result in polycythemia in families. These defects might be recognized by distinct patterns of marrow regulation- physiologic studies relating ESF production, oxygen transport, and red cell production in affected individuals. Defects in renal or extrarenal mechanisms of ESF production and release, oxygen sensing by the kidney, and in receptor site number or function on target cells within the marrow should be characterized by distinctive patterns of ESF production at rest and in response to altered oxygen supply. Continued study should allow the dissection of levels of regulation under genetic control and lead to a better understanding of the physiology of red cell production in normal man. PMID- 1105793 TI - Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD): myelofibrosis, myelosclerosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, undifferentiated MPD, and hemorrhagic thrombocythemia. PMID- 1105794 TI - Depressive disorders from a transcultural perspective. PMID- 1105795 TI - Pharmacology of ethaverine HC1: human and animal studies. AB - The pharmacology of ethaverine hydrochloride has been studied in humans and animals. The studies determined that the drug was an effective smooth muscle relaxant. The ethaverine hydrochloride produced significant increase in peripheral blood flow in patients with occlusive artery disease. In longitudinal studies there was no evidence of toxic effects in patients receiving 100 mg ethaverine HCl three times a day. PMID- 1105796 TI - Charcotian eponyms. PMID- 1105797 TI - [Japanese public health system in Southern Sakhalin in 1945 (on the 30th anniversary of the victory over Japanese imperialism)]. PMID- 1105798 TI - [Social survey of women's health in the USSR in the 20's and 30's]. PMID- 1105799 TI - ["Russko-Nemetskii Meditsinskii Zhurnal" (Russian-German Medical Journal) (on the 50th anniversary of the publication of the first number of the journal)]. PMID- 1105800 TI - [Clinician, pedagogue, organizer (on the centenary of the birth of M. P. Konchalovskii)]. PMID- 1105801 TI - [Reorganization of the Meditsinskii Referativnyi Zhurnal]. PMID- 1105802 TI - [Theoretical legacy of N.A. Semashko and students' education]. PMID- 1105803 TI - [Health education during the Great Patriotic War (on the 30th anniversary of the Victory)]. PMID- 1105804 TI - [The beginning of the public health organization in the Latvian SSR in 1940 1941]. PMID- 1105805 TI - [Participation of Russian physicians in the assimilation of Sakhalin (on the 30th anniversary of liberation of Soviet Sakhalin)]. PMID- 1105806 TI - [Physicians-poets of "Iskra"]. PMID- 1105807 TI - [Physician Andrei Kondura (from the history of development of public health in the Poltava region)]. PMID- 1105808 TI - [Selection of blood transfusion method in clinical practice]. PMID- 1105809 TI - [Certain urgent problems of autoimmune goiter]. PMID- 1105810 TI - [Surface-active factor of the lungs (surfactant) in certain diseases of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 1105811 TI - [Rickettsial diseases (results and perspectives of the epidemiological studies)]. PMID- 1105812 TI - [Prof. Hans Herbert Schoen (9/27/1887-8/20/1975)]. PMID- 1105813 TI - Le Fort III osteotomy to correct dish-face deformity resulting from facial trauma. AB - Untreated craniofacial fractures may result in a deformity similar to that which results from underdevelopment of the maxilla. Such a deformity can be corrected by osteotomy simulating Le Fort type III fracture lines. This operation necessitates careful pre-operative planning which incorporates a feasibility study with the combined use of dental study casts, cephalometric radiography and life-size photographic reproductions. A case history which describes the management of late complications of a malunited class III fracture is given. PMID- 1105814 TI - In memoriam: Hyman Penn. PMID- 1105815 TI - Editorial: Blood-letting and purging. PMID- 1105816 TI - Aneurysms of the renal artery with a case of extracorporeal repair. AB - Four patients with aneurysms of the renal artery are presented. They underwent reconstructive vascular surgery with preservation of renal function. In 1 patient the extracorporeal or 'bench-top' surgical technique was used, with cold renal perfusion and autotransplantation of the kidney to the pelvis. PMID- 1105817 TI - In memoriam: Leslie Levy. PMID- 1105818 TI - Charles Siah Kaplan. PMID- 1105819 TI - Cerclage in the treatment of incompetent cervix. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken of 71 patients who underwent a postconceptional cervical cerclage operation. The previous pregnancy loss in these patients was 71,4% compared with an 84,5% success rate after the operation had been performed. The possible reasons for the failures are discussed. The incidence of immediate postoperative complications was 14%. Infection, probably as a result of insertion of the suture, occurred in 30% of the patients. PMID- 1105820 TI - Letter: Lorazepam as a soporific and for premedication. PMID- 1105821 TI - The autopsy findings in a case of heterotopic cardiac transplantation with left ventricular bypass for ischaemic heart failure. AB - The autopsy findings in a White man aged 59 years are presented; he underwent heterotopic cardiac transplantation with left ventricular bypass for irreversible left ventricular failure caused by severe ischaemic heart disease. Microscopically, the donor heart showed mild signs of chronic rejection with negligible loss of functional myocardium, and no complications attributable to the surgical technique. Severe, generalised atherosclerosis had resulted in fibrous replacement of the recipient left ventricular myocardium and intra operative atheromatous embolisation to the brain, the latter being the main contributory factor in the patient's death. Other significant findings were bilateral femoral vein thrombosis with recurrent pulmonary infarction, Aspergillus granulomata of the right lung, cytomegalovirus infection of lungs and oesophagus, Herpes simplex infection of the tongue and oesophagus, and duodenal ulceration with haemorrhage. PMID- 1105822 TI - In memoriam: Ernest Myer Landau. PMID- 1105823 TI - In memoriam: George Francis Palmer Heathcote. PMID- 1105824 TI - Midwifery in the eighteenth century. PMID- 1105825 TI - Heart transplantation. PMID- 1105826 TI - The second double heart transplant. PMID- 1105827 TI - [The 1st nurse in the history of Public Health, Isabel Cendala y Gomez]. PMID- 1105828 TI - [Subclinic infections and low parasitemia (Plasmodium malariae)]. PMID- 1105829 TI - Biology of surgical infection. PMID- 1105830 TI - Antibiotic therapy in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 1105831 TI - Preoperative neomycin-tetracycline preparation of the colon for elective operations. PMID- 1105832 TI - The present position of the neomycin-erythromycin bowal prep. PMID- 1105833 TI - Preoperative preparation of the patients with carcinoma of the colon. AB - The efficacy of the neomycin-erythromycin combination as prophylaxis before operation for carcinoma of the colon (3 gm. of each of the day preoperatively, plus mechanical cleansing) was evaluated in a study of 74 patients for whom primary operations for colon carcinoma were performed from January 1973 through June 1974. Twenty three other patients received other preparations. Of the 74 who received neomycin and erythromycin, 4 had postoperative infectious complications (5 per cent). Of the 23 patients who received other preparations, 8 had significant complications (35 per cent). Although operability, age, concurrent medical problems and surgical technique probably influence postoperative sepsis, the use of oral neomycin-erythromycin combination as preoperative prophylaxis appears satisfactory for prevention of infection after operations for colon carcinoma. PMID- 1105834 TI - Treatment of postoperative pulmonary infections. PMID- 1105835 TI - Antibiotic treatment of biliary sepsis. PMID- 1105836 TI - The management of urinary tract infections. PMID- 1105837 TI - Oral bacille Calmette Guerin immunostimulation in malignant melanoma. AB - Forty-seven patients representing all stages of malignant melanoma have been treated orally with bacille Calmette Guerin as an adjunct to standard treatment regimens. This is a preliminary study, but it appears that orally administered bacille Calmette Guerin in localized disease may delay the development of local recurrence and distant spread. In patients with disseminated melanoma but without intracranial metastases, the survival time is increased from 4.0 to 12.7 months. It has no effect on the progress of disease in patients with intracranial metastases or in those with hepatic metastases from intraocular melanoma. PMID- 1105838 TI - A twenty year survey of arterial complications of renal transplantation. AB - The significant arterial complications of renal transplantation are hemorrhage, infarction, stenosis and aneurysm formation. Hemorrhage is often associated with sepsis and may be lifethreatening. Large infarcts may be secondary to multiple small vessels or intraoperative hypotension with inadequate perfusion of the organ. Nephrectomy is invariably indicated in these situations. Renal artery stenosis with resultant hypertension may occur secondary to stenosis at the anastomosis, atherosclerotic plaque formation or intimal fibrosis of the renal artery. Operative reconstruction if the anastomotic site may relieve hypertension is selected patients but places the transplanted kidney greatly at risk. Aneurysm formation is often mycotic and is associated with multiple operations and wound sepsis. The iliac artery may be ligated without loss of limb, while the resultant claudication may be relieved by a surgical bypass procedure. PMID- 1105839 TI - Dominant role of complement in the hyperacute xenograft rejection reaction. AB - Xenotransplantation in distantly related donor-recipient systems is rejected within minutes. According to present theories, hyperacute rejection is due to preformed antibodies. However, our results suggest that a nonimmunologic reaction plays a dominant role in the hyperacute rejection reaction. To analyze the hyperacute rejection reaction, a previously described model of isolated in vitro xenohemoperfusion was used in which rat kidneys were perfused with dog blood at constant pressure. Rejection criterion was cessation of xenograft perfusion flow rate with constant perfusion pressure and histologic findings of aggregation of thrombocytes and endothelial lesions. In our experimental approach, the donor kidney was perfused with separate cellular and humoral components of the recipient blood with redetection of the rejection activity in one of the recipient blood components. Each blood component was tested for preformed antibody before hemoperfusion. In control studies, xenoperfusion of rat kidneys with whole blood from the dog always resulted in hyperacute rejection. In contrast, allogenic perfusion with whole blood caused no rejection. In three groups, typical hyperacute rejection occurred. Perfusion with whole blood from newborn dogs; no preformed antibodies in vitro; perfusion with reactivated dog whole blood containing no preformed xenohemoagglutinating antibodies, which had been eliminated by adsorption, and perfusion with reactivated dog whole blood containing no preformed xenocomplement fixing antibodies also eliminated by adsorption, all resulted in hyperacute rejection. Whole blood from newborn dogs and reactivated, adsorbed antibody-free whole blood from dogs contained active complement. Perfusion of rat kidneys with heat decomplemented, antibody containing or antibody-free dog blood showed no hyperacute rejection reaction. The addition of fresh complement to these last two groups resulted in typical hyperacute rejection. PMID- 1105840 TI - The effect of skin graft preparation on wound contraction. AB - Both clinically and experimentally, full thickness skin grafts inhibit wound contraction better than do split thickness grafts. This occurs even if full thickness grafts are thinner than split grafts. Since inhibition of wound contraction does not depend on graft thickness alone, other differences should be sought between full and split grafts to explain this inhibition. One such difference is method of preparation. While full thickness grafts are cut with sharp dissection, split grafts are cut with mineral oil or with dermatome glue which is then stripped off. Both mineral oil and surface stripping in intact skin cause epidermal hyperplasia, more prominent in split grafts than in full thickness grafts. In this study, the effect of skin graft preparation on wound contraction and epidermal hyperplasia was tested. Seventy-four split thickness skin grafts were cut from Fischer rats with lubrication using mineral oil, Lubafax, normal saline solution or glue and a Padgett dermatome. Six full thickness grafts were treated with mineral oil. All grafts were placed on syngeneic rats; the area was measured with a planimeter, and biopsies were taken at zero, one, two, four, eight, 14 and 20 weeks. Mineral oil prepared split grafts lost 17.8 +/- 2.2 per cent area by one week, with a maximal loss of 38.8 +/- 4.8 per cent by four weeks. Split grafts cut with Lubafax, saline solution or glue plus drum dermatome lost similar area. Split grafts later enlarged as the rats grew, but in no group did split grafts surpass their original area. Full thickness grafts, even though treated with mineral oil, grew 3.9 +/- 4.3 per cent beyond their original area by four weeks and enlarged through 20 weeks. Histologic examination showed that all split skin grafts, regardless of surface preparation, had considerable epidermal hyperplasia and scarring in graft dermis and bed between one and four weeks. Thus, both skin graft contraction and epidermal hyperplasia occur independently of how grafts are prepared. The explantation of why full and split thickness grafts inhibit wound contraction differently must lie intrinsic rather than extrinsic to the skin. PMID- 1105841 TI - Editorial: The anastomosis should be made without tension. PMID- 1105842 TI - A technique for the rapid performance of parotidectomy with minimal risk. PMID- 1105843 TI - Lord Moynihan of Leeds. PMID- 1105844 TI - Historical notes on gonioscopy. AB - The evolution of gonioscopy is reviewed, beginning with the first in vivo examination of the angle of the anterior chamber in 1867. The people and events responsible for the successful development of this important technique are discussed. PMID- 1105845 TI - Oculomotor paresis with cyclic spasms. A critical review of the literature and a new case. AB - Oculomotor paresis with cyclic spasms is a rare syndrome, usually noticeable at birth or developing during the first year of life. On a background of oculomotor paresis, spastic movements occur at regular intervals: about every second minute the lid is raised, the globe wanders toward midline, the pupil contracts, and accomodation increases. These spasms last from 10 to 30 seconds, and then give way again to paresis. Since this phenomenon was first described, opinions were divided about its mechanism and about the site of the responsible defect. Based on a quantitative analysis of a new case, and of all previously published reports, a new theory is proposed which can account for all features of the syndrome. PMID- 1105846 TI - Corneal edema: cause and treatment. AB - Corneal edema, adequately understood and appropriately treated, has a good prognosis. The pathophysiological bases and the various causes are considered. Goals and techniques of medical and surgical therapies are reviewed. PMID- 1105847 TI - Problems of eye care delivery. AB - The past 50 years have seen the development of ophthalmology as a sophisticated specialty with improved training programs, increased output of ophthalmologists and growth of knowledge and technology. In spite of this progress, serious problems and conflicts impair the delivery of eye care. One solution may be found in a cooperative Screening Consultation Team system, such as the one currently being evaluated at the University of Florida. PMID- 1105848 TI - Major reviews chronological list, 1968-1975. PMID- 1105849 TI - Studies of gingival conditions in relation to orthodontic treatment. II. Changes in amounts of gingival exudate in relation to orthodontic treatment. PMID- 1105850 TI - [Demonstration of infarction using isotope technic]. PMID- 1105851 TI - [Editorial: Best wishes for the Norwegian Nurses' Association at the 50th anniversary of the Norwegian Nursing College]. PMID- 1105852 TI - [Norwegian Nursing College, 50 years]. PMID- 1105853 TI - [Norwegian Nursing College's Dean in the anniversary year: Marit Nyrud (Helga Dagsland)]. PMID- 1105855 TI - [50th anniversary of the Norwegian Nursing College]. PMID- 1105854 TI - [Royal Medal of Merit in gold to Marie Lysnes]. PMID- 1105856 TI - [2 capable teachers leave Norwegian Nursing College (Hjordis Mortensen, Anni Langeland)]. PMID- 1105857 TI - [Randi Eiring, a Dean of Nursing in North Norway, retires as president]. PMID- 1105858 TI - Teratology Society: membership 1975-76. PMID- 1105859 TI - Dr. E. W. Dennis. PMID- 1105860 TI - Dr. W. L. Greene. PMID- 1105861 TI - Dr. P. E. Harrison. PMID- 1105863 TI - Dr. E. C. McRee. PMID- 1105862 TI - Dr. A. L. McMurrey. PMID- 1105864 TI - Dr. B. W. Mullen. PMID- 1105865 TI - Dr. S. R. Sondgrass. PMID- 1105866 TI - Woodcarving satisfies individualistic hobbyist. PMID- 1105867 TI - [Peripheral nerve repair by nerve suture and grafting (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105868 TI - [Treatment of Parkinson disease with Bromocriptine (CB 154 Sandoz) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105869 TI - [A new and simple method for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infestation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105870 TI - [Frequency and therapy possibilities of soor vaginitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105871 TI - The treatment with L-dopa and amantadine in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1105872 TI - The effect of Dopaflex and Viregyt-K on gait and postural disturbances of operated and non-operated Parkinsonian patients. PMID- 1105873 TI - Clinical experiences with Milurit treatment in uricacidemia of various origin. PMID- 1105874 TI - Surgical stabilization of traumatic flail chest. AB - Since 1970 we have stabilized the ribs to correct paradoxical movement of the chest wall in chest injuries, using an original technique, in order to avoid as far as possible the need for long-term chest wall stabilization by intermittent positive pressure respiration (IPPR). The technical details of surgical stabilization are described, and the different types of stainless steel struts are shown. Type I was originally used either as an intramedullary nail or as an external brace. Types II and III were designed for external fixation of the strut to the rib. Treatment of 29 patients with severe flail chest, classified into four groups is shown: group I was treated by IPPR, group II by IPPR plus surgical stabilization, group III by surgical stabilization only, and group IV by surgical stabilization after exploratory thoracotomy. The clinical results are discussed. We conclude that surgical stabilization of the paradoxial movement of the chest wall can avoid the use of the respirator or at least reduce the interval of IPPR to a short period during the initial recovery from trauma. Using type III struts, we have obtained stabilization of the flail chest in all cases even in patients with severe anterior paradoxical movement. The patients' tolerance of surgical stainless steel struts was good. PMID- 1105875 TI - Molecular biology of human plasminogen. II. Metabolism in physiological and some pathological conditions in man. PMID- 1105876 TI - Proceedings: Platelet secretion induced by calcium ionophores: effect of anti inflammatory drugs. PMID- 1105877 TI - Proceedings: Failure of aspirin and dipyridamole to influence the incidence of leg scan detected venous thrombosis after elective hip surgery. PMID- 1105878 TI - Proceedings: Indications and results of fibrinolytic treatment with streptokinase in chronic arterial stenoses and occlusions; a multicentre trial of 708 patients. PMID- 1105879 TI - Proceedings: Arterial thromboembolism and prosthetic heart valves. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 1105880 TI - Proceedings: The effect of a platelet inhibiting drug (sulfinpyrazone) in the therapy of patients with transient ischemic attacks (Tia's) and minor strokes. PMID- 1105881 TI - Proceedings: A clinical trial of antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary arterial disease. PMID- 1105882 TI - Proceedings: Immunohistological studies of coagulation factors in normal blood vessels and platelets. PMID- 1105883 TI - Proceedings: Canine renal allograft rejection: evaluation of progressive microsvacular thrombosis. PMID- 1105884 TI - Selective release of serotonin from platelets by diffusion facilitated by the ionophore X-537A. PMID- 1105885 TI - [Comparative studies of rectal laxatives]. PMID- 1105886 TI - [Letter: Ibsen's physicians personalities]. PMID- 1105887 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Spinal cord tumor causing hindlimb paralysis]. PMID- 1105888 TI - [Evaluation of the interaction between blood and foreign material in the pump oxygenator during open-heart surgery in infants by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to elucidate the interaction between blood and foreign material in the pump oxygenator during open-heart surgery in 7 infants. The loss of platelets upstream of the blood pump is caused by thrombogenicity. The pump itself causes massive destruction of platelets and red blood cells; thromboembolie up to 100 mu and foreign body particles up to 200 mu are being detached from the wall of the tubing to a large extent. The particulate matter is trapped in arterial line filter. Particles up to 40 mu and cellular aggregates up to 60 mu can pass through the filter and enter the patient's systemic circulation. PMID- 1105889 TI - [An introduction: plastic surgery]. PMID- 1105890 TI - [Nurse gets Doctor's degree in social sciences (Johanna Roode)]. PMID- 1105891 TI - [Carl C. Rogers; trust as a basis of action]. PMID- 1105892 TI - A capsule history of RNAO. PMID- 1105893 TI - [Skin transplantations in the horse]. PMID- 1105894 TI - An immunofluorescent and electron microscopic study of measles skin eruptions. AB - Immunofluorescent study was attempted to determine whether or not virus antigen were present in the epidermis of measles eruptions. The electron microscopic observations of the same materials were also performed to detect viral localization in affected skins. The failure to detect any virus antigen in affected eipdermis throughout all eruptive stages seems to be sufficient evidence to conclude that measles rash is not a manifestation of viral replication in the epidermis. Dotted fluorescences were detected in a specimen taken at pre-eruptive day in capillary endothelium of dermis. At the same stage, microtubular structures which were probably identical with measles virus nucleocapsids occurred in capillary endothelium under the electron microscopic observations. It is concluded that measles rash is possibly caused by an antigen-antibody reaction of Arthus type. On very rare occasions, measles virus nucleocaspids were found in the cytoplasm of dermal fibroblast in the vicinity of dermal capillary. Ultrastructural features of these nucleocapsids were demonstrated to be identical to features of microtubular structures found in endothelial cells. PMID- 1105895 TI - Obituary: Lionel Edgar Mawdesley-Thomas (February 23, 1931 - August 30, 1974). PMID- 1105896 TI - Toxic effects of ethanol: possible role of acetaldehyde, tetrahydroisoquinolines, and tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. PMID- 1105897 TI - [The value of fluorescent autoantibodies in the study of oral diseases]. PMID- 1105898 TI - [Comparative and experimental studies on various prosthesis cleaners. 1. Testing of mechanical cleans power and the action on prosthesis materials]. PMID- 1105899 TI - [Studies on the rationalization of prosthesdontic clinical and techincal work procedures]. AB - Attempts to rationalize stomatological working processes are often associated with the acquisition of new methods and procedures. Some instances of model-cast crowns and bridges and of deep-drawn objects testify to the effects in the clinico-stomatological and technical fields as well as on the patients, the material consumption standards and the quality characteristics. PMID- 1105900 TI - [Experiences in the use of Sanal-Silcoflex for the corrective or double casting method in stomatological practice]. AB - The author describes a modification of the use of Sanal-Silcoflex for the double impression method. Thus, it is possible to use the total work-time allocation in stomatological practice more rationally without reducing the quality of work. Six months of experience permit to recommend this method for stomatological practice. PMID- 1105901 TI - [Blood flow measurements with 133xenon during prolonged hyperacute xenogenic rejection]. PMID- 1105902 TI - [Correlation between the obesity index and isotope dilution measurements of body fluids and electrolytes in normal subjects and in primary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 1105903 TI - [Characteristics and operation of a computer-controlled scanning system]. PMID- 1105904 TI - New techniques of hard copy production from the gamma camera. PMID- 1105905 TI - [Ribbon smoothing: new method of polynomial smoothing of numerical scintigraphs]. PMID- 1105906 TI - [Studies of the scintigraphic appearance of a "cold" autonomous thyroid adenoma using process-computer-controlled data processing]. PMID- 1105907 TI - Quantitative determination of intracardiac shunts with radioisotope dilution technic. PMID- 1105908 TI - Clinical interest of 99mTc-albumin venous angiocardiography by computer-assisted gamma-camera and linear scan. PMID- 1105909 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous herpes simplex and varicella--zoster infections. PMID- 1105910 TI - Pityriasis rubra pilaris - an historical approach. PMID- 1105911 TI - Demonstration of tumor-associated antigens in dogs. PMID- 1105912 TI - Urinary bladder carcinogenesis in the dog: preliminary studies on cellular immunity. AB - The immunologic status of dogs undergoing bladder carcinogenesis with 4-amino biphenyl and normal littermate controls is being evaluated. Studies using blastogenic transformation, nonimmune cytotoxic reactions, and rosette formation have revealed that dogs possess lymphocytes that have some properties similar to those of B and T cells of other species. Since tumors are now just appearing and hence are not yet available for specific immunologic determinations, the assessments had to be limited for the present to other types of antigens and mitogens (yeast, red blood cells and plant lectins). No major changes in reactions of cells from the carcinogenized animals have yet been observed during the preneoplastic phase as measured by phagocytosis, migration inhibition, or cytotoxicity tests, although a trend to lower blastogenic responses was noted. It yet remains to be seen whether lower lymphocyte responses to mitogens in carcinogenized dogs are of prognostic value for the early detection of tumors of the bladder. PMID- 1105913 TI - Purification, 125I labeling, and immunochemical study of the canine secretory alloantigens (CSA). PMID- 1105914 TI - The inapplicability of CEA-7 as a canine bone marrow transplantation marker. PMID- 1105915 TI - Prolongation of skin allograft survival by Valium (diazepam). AB - The survival of rat skin allografts was significantly increased by repeated intraperitoneal injections of 2.5 mg Valium (diazepam) into hosts. In addition, in vivo pretreatment of the donor animals at this dose level decreased the intensity of the recipients' immune responses to skin allografts. In vitro exposure of skin grafts to Valium also prolonged allograft survival. PMID- 1105916 TI - [Inactivation of hematopoietic stem cells by means of lymphocytes depending upon the genotype of the interacting cells]. AB - Inoculation of a mixture of bone marrow cells with allogeneic lymphocytes into irradiated mice of inbred strains or into F1 hybrids results in the depression of bone marrow cell proliferation in the spleen of the recipient: the effect of inactivation of nonsyngeneic stem cells. The inactivation of stem cells by allogeneic lymphocytes can be detected in all tested combinations of mice strains - donors of lymphocytes and bone marrow cells and mice - recipients but the degree of inactivation differs and depends on the genotype of cell donors rather than on the genotype of the recipient. Lymphocytes of some mice strains (haplotypes H-2k and H-2a) are more active killers of bone marrow cells as compares with lymphocytes of other strains (hyplotypes H-2b and H-2d). Probably, the degree of stem cells inactivation by lymphocytes depends on the differences of their histocompatibility in H-2 system. PMID- 1105917 TI - [Method of rapid electron microscopic control of the purity of the isolated nuclear fraction]. PMID- 1105918 TI - Neurophysiological and anatomical interrelationships of the basal ganglia. PMID- 1105919 TI - [Aron Mykhailovych Utevs'kyi (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1105921 TI - [Studies in the field of chemistry, biochemistry and photobiochemistry of sterols]. AB - The article deals with a review of the results of studies performed at the Department of photobiochemistry of the A. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. It is emphasized that beginning from the first product of squalene cyclization--lanosterol, all the sterols participating in cholesterol biosynthesis, besides playing the parts of its precursors, are ancestors of their own, derivatives which realize specific function in the organism. On the example of 7-dehydrocholesterol it is shown that it transforms in the animal organism into a series of biologically active products of oxidative transformation and photoisomerization. Much attention was also given to the studies in sterol composition of nonsaponifiable fraction of organs and tissues and their subcellular structures in norm and with pathology. Derivatives of cholesterol certain precursors possessing highly interesting biological properties are found in the nonsaponifiable fractions of some organs and tissues. PMID- 1105920 TI - [Factors participating in regulation of protein biosynthesis]. AB - Studies in the processes of protein biosynthesis regulation revealed a close dependence of the biosynthetic processes (synthesis of many precursors of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates as well as of tricarboxylic cycle acids) on the processes of carboxylation in the organism. A possibility is shown of the biosynthetic processes stimulation by activating the carboxylation processes. On this bases a highly effective method to increase productivity of farm animals and poultry and that for considerable acceleration of the regeneration processes of the damaged tissues and blood with blood less were developed. It is also established that at extremal states of the organism (long complete fasting, late stages of cancer, thyreoid toxicosis, experimental atherosclerosis, etc.) in tissues there occurs biosynthesis of proteins with differing primary structure, physiochemical properties and enzymatic activity as compared to proteins of the normal animals. The same changes in the primary structure and properties of proteins in the process of their biosynthesis are observed with the surplus feeding the animals on certain amino acids aginst a background of protein free ration. Possible mechanisms of changes in the primary structure of proteins in the process of their biosynthesis at extremal states of the organism are under discussion. In experiments in vitro on the tissue preparations, on the cell-free protein-synthetizing systems as well as in experiments with animals in vivo the presence of synergic and antagonistic interrelation was established between certain amino acids in the process of their utilization for protein biosynthesis. These interrelations are established to take place at the stage of transfer ribonucleic acids aminoacylation. Some details of this phenomenon are found out. Amino acids are shown to play not only a substrate role but also the regulatory one in the process of protein biosynthesis. PMID- 1105922 TI - [Treatment of warts of the hands and feet with Verucid]. PMID- 1105923 TI - Ureteropyelostomy with flaps with an everted suture. PMID- 1105924 TI - [Dagnosis and treatment of sarcoma botryoides (author's transl)]. PMID- 1105925 TI - Lymphocele formation after renal transplantation. PMID- 1105926 TI - Bladder inhibition with functional electrical stimulation. AB - Spastic or hyperreflex bladder dysfunction can cause frequency, urgency, and incontinence. Detrusor activity was inhibited by FES (functional electrical stimulation) applied to the anal sphincter causing decreased bladder spasticity and increased bladder capacity. FES is indicated for incontinence not only because of weakness of the pelvic floor but also because of hyperreflex bladder. PMID- 1105927 TI - Urinary tract stone disease. Classic studies. PMID- 1105928 TI - Effect of ureteral stent on urinary tract infections in renal transplantation. AB - A retrospective study was carried out to determine the effect of ureteral intubation during renal transplantation. We noted urinary tract infections in 76 per cent of those patients whose ureters were intubated during transplantation, as opposed to 45 per cent in those transplant recipients without ureteral stents. The incidence of recurrent urinary tract infections also increased from 18 to 34 per cent with the use of ureteral catheters. Ten separate episodes of bacteremia, indirectly related to indwelling catheters, are noted. PMID- 1105930 TI - Microvascular surgery: adjunct to renal transplantation. AB - A new technique for microvascular anastomosis of the polar artery to the renal artery, end to side, is presented. It was performed in 5 cases of renal transplantation with a successful result in all. PMID- 1105929 TI - Turner-Warwick urethroplasty and urethral stricture. Results in 60 patients. AB - Sixty patients with urethral strictures at the bulbous and membranous levels were treated with Turner-Warwick urethroplasty. Initially, there were significant difficulties with restenosis of either the proximal or distal st-ma following the first-stage urethroplasty. Use of nitrofurazone-hydrocortisone (Furacin-Hc) urethral suppositories practically eliminated recurrent stomal stenosis after the first stage. Several additional modifications were made in the original technique; these included placement of urethral sutures prior to scrotal mobilization and abandonment of the suprapublic cystotomy for frainage at the second stage of the procedure. These modifications increased the chances of achieving a successful result while facilitating the actual surgery and improving the patients' comfort. The over-all success rate was approximately 90 per cent. Patients with urethral stricture surgery subsequent to prostatectomy had problems with urinary control, but not so if prostatectomy was done after the first stage of urethroplasty. It appears that the Turner-Warwick urethroplasty is good one, and predictably good results can be expected on selected patients with urethral strictures. PMID- 1105931 TI - Continent vesicostomy: surgical technique. PMID- 1105932 TI - Percivall Pott (1713-1788): 200th anniversary of first report of occupation induced cancer scrotum in chimmey sweepers (1775). PMID- 1105933 TI - Symbiosis of algae and invertebrates: aspects of the symbiont surface and the host-symbiont interface. PMID- 1105934 TI - Tegumental carbohydrate transport in intestinal helminths: correlation between mechanisms of membrane transport and the biochemical environment of absorptive surfaces. PMID- 1105935 TI - [Certain difficulties of diagnosis and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus]. AB - The diagnosis of patent arterial duct (PAD) is not felt to be difficult in the presence of systolic-diastolic murmur, and in 91.7% of cases it would be established on general clinical investigations. In 8.3% of cases the main ausculatatory sign of this defect was distorted or utterly absent. In such cases the correct diagnosis was somewhat difficult. The absence of systolic-diastolic murmur in patients with PAD with conditioned by pulmonary hypertension, insufficiency of pulmonary artery valves, mitral defect, a small diameter of the duct, aneurysm-like changes in the aorta and pulmonary artery, decreased elastic properties of the latter walls, as well. In the absence of PAD pathognomonic signs catheterization of heart cavities and aortography should be employed. Surgical therapy for the lesion concerned in complicated cases shows some specificity. Utilization of the posterolateral approach, controlled hypotension, provisional application of holders to the aorta and below the duct, its being ligated on synthetic pads made it possible to improve the results of treatment of the lesion involved. PMID- 1105936 TI - [Antibacterial properties of surface-active agents and their application in surgery (review of foreign literature)]. PMID- 1105937 TI - [Moisei Izrailevich Sakharov (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1105938 TI - [Results of treatment of patients with deep burns]. AB - The authors have studied the results of treatment in 615 patients who suffered deep burns. The disability in the late period was stated in 20 per cent of patients, but only 5% of those disabled patients fail to work. Radical necrectomy and skin plasty provide shorter terms of therapy and better results. PMID- 1105939 TI - [10-year experience with bone brephoplasty]. PMID- 1105940 TI - [Thermal treatment of autodermic implants]. PMID- 1105941 TI - [Comparative assesment of methods for the operative treatment of dislocations of the acromial end of the clavicle]. AB - During 20 years the authors observed 861 patients with dislocations of the clavicular acromial process, that made 14% in relation to all other types of dislocations. 252 patients (29.3%) were treated surgically. Capron tapes being used most frequently as an alloplastic material. Surgery was performed after the technic elaborated at the clinic. Late results of the treatment were studied in 202 patients within the terms from 1 to 15 years. Good issues were noted in 76.2%, satisfactory in 37%, poor in 5.5% of patients. PMID- 1105942 TI - [Methodological characteristics of restorative surgery and orthodontic treatment in the correction of extensive defects of the tissues in the oral region and the anterior portion of the mandible]. AB - In the paper, technical and tactical features while using reconstructive surgery and orthopedic therapy for liquidation of vast tissue defects in the adoral region and anterior mandibular portion are discussed. The importance of planning plastic operative procedures with optimum utilization of local tissues, especially in labioplasty, is substantiated, and some definite recommendations on using the pedicled graft tissue are given. A sequence of stages in replacement of soft tissues is described, as well as some features of elimination of the anterior mandibular defect by the iliac bone graft. It is for the first time that the importance of joint efforts of surgical and orthopedic specialists for providing a large scale complex therapy is emphasized, that may contribute to favourable anatomical, cosmetic and functional results in liquidation of vast tissue defects of the adoral region and anterior mandible. PMID- 1105943 TI - [Prevention and treatment of postburn deformations of the breasts]. AB - Twenty six girls with deep burns of the anterior and lateral surface of the chest were treated in Gorky Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedy. The obserrvations indicated that an early closure of burn wounds in this region with adequate skin grafts could prevent gross deformity of mammary glands. Moreover, 70 females with deformation of mammary glands were under observations. In 16 of them operative procedures were undertaken for isolated lesions of 22 mammary glands. Various methods of skin plasty were employed: local, free, combined. Good and satisfactory results were gained. In 54 female patients deformities in the region of 68 mammary glands were eliminated simultaneously during surgical procedures for cicatricial contractures of the brachial joint, coxa and neck. The results obtained are described. PMID- 1105944 TI - [Ligation of the renal artery]. PMID- 1105945 TI - [Lymphangioadenography in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumors]. AB - A method of direct lymphangioadenography was employed in 18 patients with abdominal tumors of obscure origin. These were as follows: lymphogranuloma, splenic lymphosarcoma, tumors of the stomach, kidney, pancreas both benign and malignant, retroperitoneal cysts, fibroma, malignant periganglioma. Roentgenological symptoms of abdominal tumors of various localization are reported. PMID- 1105946 TI - [Surgical treatment of elephantiasis of the upper extremities]. AB - According to the author' data elephantiasis of the upper extremities was observed in 13 (6.2%) among 215 patients, operated upon for elephantiasis of the extremities. There were 3 males and 10 females. The patients' age ranged from 3 to 56 years. Five patients suffered elephantiasis of the upper extremity since their birth, 8 patients showed acquired elephantiasis, in particular after mastectomy and operative procedures in the axillary region. Late results of surgical treatment proved to be quite satisfactory. PMID- 1105947 TI - [In memory of Boris Zinov'evich Gutnikov]. PMID- 1105948 TI - [In memory of Nikolai Ivanovich Gerasimenko]. PMID- 1105949 TI - [Origin and treatment of bone cysts]. AB - Osteocyst is shown to be the resulting issue of a number of pathological processes in bones, its etiology could be determined only if tissues typical for some lesions are revealed in cystic walls. At the CITO department of bone pathology for adults the author observed 49 patients having cysts of the proximal femoral portion. Pathological fractures were noted in 16 of 49 patients. It is the author's opinion that a carefully selected anamnesis and clinico roentgenological investigation are of great importance in establishing the diagnosis of an isolated osteocyst. The differential diagnosis is made between this lesion and tumors, inflammatory process, Recklinghausen disease, etc. All patients under investigation were treated surgically. The results of treatment are described. PMID- 1105950 TI - Pinioning young birds with hemostatic clips. (a photographic essay). PMID- 1105951 TI - The equine practice laboratory. AB - The authors discuss the value of a practice laboratory to the equine clinician and its priorities. Laboratory examinations of particular value are described in relation to their clinical application. The need to establish normal values according to laboratory and horse population is stressed. Tables of normal parameters related to age groups of horses in the authors' practice are presented. PMID- 1105952 TI - Salmonella infection in mute swans (Cygnus olor). PMID- 1105953 TI - [Boris Aleksandrovich Tsybul'skii (on his 75th birthday)]. PMID- 1105954 TI - [N.A. Semashko, the 1st People's Commissar of Public Health (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 1105955 TI - [Typing of E. coli strains isolated from a turkey and a test of their sensitivity in relation to antibiotics]. AB - The turkey-poults on an industrial turkey-breeding farm were studied. A total of 75 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated. Typing was performed by Sojka's method: serotype 0-2 was established in 42.2 percent of the cases, 0-71-- in 12.6 per cent, 0-78 (11.2%), and 0-1 (8.4%). The sensitivity of the typed strains was tested to 8 antibiotics and furazolidon. It was found that all strains possess certain amount of resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, oxitetracycli, and spectam. The same strains proved sensitive to ampicillin, colimycin, tetraoleandomycin, and to a certain extent to kanamycin. It is concluded that prophylaxis and treatment should be carried out with the use of ampicillin, colimycin, furazolidon, and tetraloleandomycin. PMID- 1105956 TI - [Study of the effectiveness of some new agents for the deep freezing of bull sperm]. AB - Semen was used of four breeding bulls of the Bulgarian Red breed and the Alpine Brown one. A total of 26 ejaculates were subjected to 344 laboratory investigations. The semen was diluted in a yolk-lactose-glycerine medium and was frozen by the fast method of Nagase-Niwa. Studied were in dynamics some biologic and biochemical indexes, such as: heat resistance at 46 degrees C, percentage of dead and pathologic spermatozoa, intake of oxygen, and release of CO2. The respiratory coefficient was established by the direct method of Umbreit and coll. The survival rate proved better, lower was the number of dead and pathologic spermatozoa in a test medium containing slightly mineralized water. The consumption of oxygen and the amount of the CO2 released by spermatozoa showed a dependable decrease following equilibration and freezing. Similar, however, unreliable were the data of changes observed with the respiratory coefficient. The semen frozen in the new synthetic medium showed higher biologic value and higher fertilizing capacity (12.2 per cent) as compared with the control. PMID- 1105957 TI - [Study of the fertility of bull sperm contaminated with Aspergillus fumigatus spores]. AB - Tested was the penetrating capacity of 55 samples of bulls' semen, contaminated with Aspergillus fumigatus, so far as the estrous secretion of cows was concerned. A total of ten cows in heat were inseminated with spermatozoa carrying the Aspergillus spore infection. It was found that the contaminated semen was with deteriorated quality and a 50 per cent lowered penetrating capacity as against the controls. The inseminated cows conceived with difficulty, exhibited disturbances in their sexual cycle, and two of the animals showed data of early embryonal death. PMID- 1105958 TI - [Data on animal husbandry and veterinary medicine in the middle of the 17th century in Bulgaria and neighboring countries based on a journey by Evliia Chelebi]. AB - It has been established that Evliya Chelebby's travel notes contain valuable information about veterinary medicine. Evliya Chelebby himself was a Turkish traveller who had made a number of journeys throughout Bulgaria and its adjacent countries over the 1651-1655 period. According to the data found in these notes the ruined fortresses round the cities were used as folds for sheep and goats. During that period sheep-breeding was flourishing. Horse-breeding was concentrated in the various estates belonging to the Sultan, and was intended to supply the needs of the army and the administration. Information is also contained about the physiotherapy practised at that time on the territory of the enslaved peoples on the Balkan peninsula. Popular were the balneotherapy, mud cure, spending the summer time up in the mountains, the alternation of warm and cold water procedures known as Scottish shower, etc. These procedures were likewise used in the treatment of domestic animals. PMID- 1105959 TI - The role of gene V protein in f1 single-strand synthesis. PMID- 1105960 TI - An early regulatory gene of Salmonella phage P22 analogous to gene N of coliphage lambda. PMID- 1105961 TI - Identification of early proteins coded by bacteriophage P22. PMID- 1105962 TI - [The 60th birthday of Head Physician Jiri Cerny]. PMID- 1105963 TI - [2 important anniversaries at Olomouc]. PMID- 1105964 TI - [Clinical and cytochemical parallels in lymphoreticulosarcoma in children]. PMID- 1105965 TI - [In memory of Samuil L'vovich Mints]. PMID- 1105966 TI - [Effect of guanine and guanosine-2',3' phosphate on sarcolysin-H3 binding to the DNA of rat liver]. AB - Rats were injected sarcolysin-H3 in a dose of 200 or 500 mC per rat. In animals sacrificed 30, 60 and 90 minutes following sarcolysin-H3 injection an increased radioactivity of DNA was noted that indicates binding of sarcolysin-H3 or its labelled derivatives to DNA. Guanine or quanosine-2', 3' monophosphate injected in animals decreased binding of sarcolysin-H3 to the rat liver DNA (maximum reduction of DNA radioactivity in 47%). In the experiments in vitro guanosine-2', 3' phosphate inhibited sarcolysin-H3 binding to DNA isolated from E. coli. A protective effect of quanine and guanosine-2', 3' phosphate with respect to DNA alkylation seems to be considerably conditioned by a competitive action of these nucleophils. PMID- 1105967 TI - [Immunologic reactions in malignant melanoma of the skin in man]. PMID- 1105968 TI - [Organization of Neurosurgical Service during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945]. PMID- 1105969 TI - [Stereotaxic biopsy of cerebral subcortical structures in parkinsonism]. AB - The design-features of a stereotaxic cannula for biopsy of subcortical cerebral structures and the procedure for performing stereotaxic biopsy are described. A total of 9 stereotaxic biopsies of the ventro-lateral thalamic nucleus, median center and globus pallidus were effected. As illustrated by a number of electronograms the material obtained during operations proved to be completely intact and suitable for electron microscope examinations. Ways and objectives for analyzing the ultrastructure of subcortical formations in parkinsonism and other hyperkineses are outlined. PMID- 1105970 TI - [Aleksei Gavrilovich Molotkov--organizer of the Institute of Surgical Neuropathology (on the 100th anniversary of his birth]. PMID- 1105972 TI - [In memory of Aleksandr Ivanovich Arutiunov]. PMID- 1105971 TI - [Recognition of the depth of tumor extent in the cerebral hemispheres by electroencephalographic signs using a computer]. AB - To obtain electroencephalographic criteria for in-depth occurrence of supratentorial tumours the mathematical theory of image recognition has been used. A map of electroencephalographic signs has been drawn up and 182 patients were coded electroencephalographically. Six signs were obtained with the help of the linear minimax algorhythm and in constructing diagnostic combinations of sign gradations--20 syndromes were fixed with whose help it becomes possible to recognize the depth of the tumour occurrence. Both rules were applied in an examination sequence of 51 EEG. The reliability of the results is as high as 0.95. PMID- 1105973 TI - [Methods of determination of folacin in food products and biological objects and means of separating the folic acid derivatives (review of the literature)]. PMID- 1105974 TI - [An elderly Soviet vitaminologist (on the 90th birthday of Boris Aleksandrovich Lavrov)]. PMID- 1105975 TI - A new reversed passive hemagglutination test for detection of HBsAg. AB - A new reversed passive hemagglutination test for HBsAg, termed Raphadex B, has been developed using immunochemically purified chimpanzee anti-HBs bound to stabilized human erythrocytes. The test has been found to have equivalent sensitivity to the Ausria 125I radioimmunoassay, and detected a similar number of HBsAg-containing specimens in screening of volunteer blood donors. This method offers an economical approach to third generation methodology for hepatitis B screening of blood donors. PMID- 1105976 TI - [Problem of edema in the light of A.A. Bogomolets' theories]. PMID- 1105977 TI - [Museum of history of medicine of Ukraine (pre-October Revolution period)]. PMID- 1105978 TI - [Sanitary-hygienic and antiepidemic service of the Zhukov Partisan Formation in Ukraine during the period of the Patriotic War 1941-1945]. PMID- 1105979 TI - Bicentennial of Digitalis. PMID- 1105980 TI - The founding of a single international health organization. PMID- 1105981 TI - Calcium and skeletal metabolism. PMID- 1105982 TI - [Hypercholesteremia]. PMID- 1105983 TI - [Radiocardiography as a method of hemodynamic studies]. PMID- 1105984 TI - [Treatment of male infertility]. PMID- 1105985 TI - A concordant group of schizophrenics. PMID- 1105986 TI - Schizophrenia: a multinational study. Discussion and conclusions. PMID- 1105987 TI - Schizophrenia: a multimational study. Clinical classification by computer. PMID- 1105988 TI - Clean intermittent catheterization for meningomyelocele. PMID- 1105989 TI - In memoriam. Louis G. Welt. PMID- 1105990 TI - Characterization of a stable spheroplast type L-form of Proteus mirabilis D 52 as cell envelope mutant. I. Isolation, growth characteristics, biochemical activities, and sensitivity to bacteriophages. AB - A stable spheroplast type L-form could be isolated by transferring 627 single colonies and 195 agar blocks with several colonies of unstable L-forms of Proteus mirabilis D 52 on agar media without supplements of penicillin. The L-form grows well on complex and synthetic agar media, however, it failed to grow in any of the liquid media which have been proved. With one exception (formation of acid from maltose) the L-form shows the same bioche mical activities like the parent rod-shaped bacterium. However, the insensitivity for various phages and the failure of DAP in the envelopes demonstrate that there are profound alterations in the biosynthesis and structure of the murein and of the outer wall layers. The results of these investigations and an ultrastructural analysis (Gumpert and Taubeneck 1975) show that the stable spheroplast type L-form LD 52 B of Proteus mirabilis must be considered as a true cell envelope mutant. PMID- 1105991 TI - Mode of growth and division of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A temperature-sensitive strain (HD 20) of Salmonella typhimurium is described. At restrictive temperature this strain shows an envelope alteration and a defect in division associated with an increase in cell diameter. On a shift to 42 degrees C there is residual division for ca. 30 min and then no further increase in cell number. In minimal medium (MM) at 42 degrees C cell diameter remains unchanged for about one mass doubling and then increases. From measurements of cell elongation, it is concluded that such increases in diameter occur because cell volume increases exponentially at 42 degrees C but increases in the rate of elongation occur for only a short period and then elongation rate becomes constant. This conclusion is supported by the observation that HD 20 cells show no increase in diameter at 42 degrees C when cultured in media supplemented with sucrose and Mg++; normal increases in elongation rate occur in such media. A model which fits the experimental data has been constructed. This model has two main features namely (1) the elongation of individual cells is linear with the rate of elongation doubling close to division and (2) such doublings in elongation rate are linked to division such that division cannot occur if elongation rate has not doubled shortly before. In the mutant it is proposed that only a few doublings in elongation rate occur at 42 degrees C and these are responsible for the residual division. The model fits the data for cultures shifted to 42 degrees C in MM or in yeast extract casamino acids MM (YE Cas MM) and for cultures shifted to 42 degrees C and shifted up from MM to YE Cas MM. The observations on these medium shifted cultures suggest that the activity of growth zones responsible for elongation is medium dependent. PMID- 1105992 TI - [Treatment of acute and chronic urinary tract infections in children with an urinary chemotherapeutic agent]. PMID- 1105993 TI - [Vascular injuries. Review]. PMID- 1105994 TI - [Clinical experience with Menthoneurin ointment in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 1105995 TI - [Double blind and dosage studies on tolectine in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1105996 TI - [Respiratory complaints without correspondingly proven findings]. PMID- 1105997 TI - [The "old Heim" in his time (1747-1834)]. PMID- 1105998 TI - [Theodor Billroth (1829-1894), the ideal physician personality in 19th century]. PMID- 1105999 TI - [Henrich Meng, his significance for the psychohygiene]. PMID- 1106000 TI - [Ancient praise the physicians]. PMID- 1106001 TI - [Retrospective and outlook. The thoughts on the occasion of the opening of the new neurologic hospital of the University of Wurzburg on October 16th, 1974]. PMID- 1106002 TI - [Megaloblastic diseases in the aged persons]. PMID- 1106003 TI - [Development of social medicine at the Charite]. PMID- 1106004 TI - [Treatment of Parkinsonian syndrome using amantadine hydrochloride]. PMID- 1106005 TI - [Statutes of the Collegium medicum of Gorlitz and Bautzen dated 1612 and 1719 respectively--a contribution to the historiography of medical regulations and boards of health]. PMID- 1106006 TI - [Concepts of clinical and out-patient care at the university city of Halle in the early 19th century]. PMID- 1106007 TI - [The 65th birthday of Kurt Winter]. PMID- 1106008 TI - [Haloprogin. Its effects in the presence of glucocorticoids and neomycin]. AB - The problem was studied whether the activity of haloprogin is decreased in the presence of glucocorticoids (6-methyl-prednisolone hemisuccinate sodium; hydrocortisone) or in the presence of a bacteriostatic antibiotic (neomycin). Antifungal activity was determined by measuring changes in oxygen consumption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the resting phase. The results revealed that neither glucocorticoids in concentrations which activate yeast metabolism, nor neomycin impair the antifungal activity of haloprogin. Therefore, haloprogin may safely be used together with glucocorticoids and neomycin in topical therapy. PMID- 1106009 TI - [Current possibilities in hormone diagnosis and hormonal therapy of male fertility disorders during the consulting hours]. PMID- 1106010 TI - [Acute myeloid monocytic leukemia with multiple cutaneous nodes simulating the so called reticulosarcomatosis cutis Gottron]. PMID- 1106011 TI - [Reticulosarcomatosis (type Gottron)]. PMID- 1106012 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum (dermatitis ulcerosa)]. PMID- 1106013 TI - [Max Huber]. PMID- 1106014 TI - [Proceedings: Comparison of Frank computer ECG programs in their use with preventive care patients]. PMID- 1106015 TI - [Proceedings: Intraindividual stability of ECG findings by various computer programs in preventive care patients]. PMID- 1106016 TI - [Proceedings: Use of computers for the visible, simple and effective processing of ergometric data as an aid to the decisions of the treating physician]. PMID- 1106018 TI - [Proceedings: Computer analysis of stress-EKG]. PMID- 1106017 TI - [Proceedings: Comparison of conventional computer-EKG-programs in their preventive use]. PMID- 1106019 TI - [Proceedings: Form analysis of dye dilution curves with left-right shunt under physical stress]. PMID- 1106020 TI - [An improved method for the preparation of histological sections for electron microscopy]. AB - Unsatisfying cut and electronmicroscopical figures of liver- and kidney preparations after organophosphate poisoning with Vestopal W, could be removed by experiments with new mixtures consisting of Vestopal W and Mikropal, obtaining reproductable cut-thickness and contrasty pictures for electronmicroscopical exploration. PMID- 1106021 TI - [Jean Georges Baer. 1902-1975]. PMID- 1106022 TI - [Results of the Chiari pelvic osteotomy (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report about 82 Chiari pelvic osteotomies, the functional and the x-ray results are demonstrated. On the x-rays of the hip the CE- und the ACM-angles were measured routinely. In opposite to satisfying results on the x-rays we did not find adequate functional results. PMID- 1106023 TI - [The speed of nerve-conduction after micro-surgical suture of the tibial nerve of the rabbit (author's transl)]. AB - Isolated division of the tibial nerve in the thigh preserving the peroneal and sural nerves does not cause loss of normal position of the animal, in particular of sitting. Nor does it lead to pressure sores. The animals are fitter then after division of the sciatic nerve. Microsurgical suture of the isolated tibial nerve in the thigh of the rabbit with 1 or 2 simple sutures with 10 x 0 thread show that an average recovery can be achieved in over 80 per cent. As few sutures as possible should be used. Otherwise there with be scarring and no return of function. PMID- 1106024 TI - Editorial: John Peter Mettauer--1787-1875. PMID- 1106025 TI - Bronchial carcinoid. PMID- 1106026 TI - The early years of the University of Virginia Hospital. An analysis of patients' records. PMID- 1106027 TI - Medicare. Part B.... Psychiatric services limitation. PMID- 1106028 TI - The father who was not a father. PMID- 1106029 TI - Direct right internal mammary-right coronary arterial anastomosis: a six-year follow-up study. PMID- 1106030 TI - A comparison of staples and nylon closure in varicose vein surgery. AB - This report describes our experience at wound closure using metallic staples and nylon sutures in 150 patients undergoing elective ligation and stripping for varicose veins. We compared the two methods for speed of closure and wound complications. Closure by Auto Suture is delightfully quick. Fewer patients developed complications from the staples as judged by wound sepsis, separation of the incision and keloid formation. PMID- 1106031 TI - Hemostatic defects induced by cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 1106033 TI - [Historic victory of the Soviet people. Immortal deed of physicians (on the 30th anniversary of victory in World War II)]. PMID- 1106032 TI - Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. A review. AB - A successfully treated case of an arteriovenous fistula of the lung is reported. An exhaustive review is made of the pertinent literature and the pathophysiology, embryology, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. PMID- 1106034 TI - [Influence of war on demographic processes and the health of the people]. PMID- 1106035 TI - [Problems with dental materials and their clinical prosthetic relevance]. PMID- 1106036 TI - [Long-term functional impression taking with lining]. PMID- 1106037 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease. Clinical studies on a new group of collagenoses]. AB - The clinical features of 6 patients with symptoms of various connective tissue diseases and rheumatoid arthritis are reported. The frequency of symptoms corresponded to that of the syndrome, which Sharp et al. (1971) termed mixed connective tissue disease. The antibodies to an extractable nuclear antigen are a characteristic feature. Moreover, one may detect a speckled staining pattern by indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, moderate immunoglobulin deposits were observed in the skin and kidneys of our patients. The pathomechanism of these deposits is discussed. PMID- 1106038 TI - [Clinical study on a new acetylsalicylic acid/paracetamol preparation with gastric acid resistant coating (Safapryn), and on two various phenylbutazone dosages in patients with primary chronic polyarthritis as based on a new evaluation method]. AB - The authors describe a simple non-crossover-blind test for the evaluation of subjective indices. A table for recording pains during the 14 days' study is described. The patient's satisfaction with the treatment and the number of days until withdrawal from the trial are recorded. The statistical procedure takes into consideration differences between the treatment groups and makes possible a valuable comparison with drugs tested in other clinical trials. The three dose schedules of antirheumatic treatment were tested on 122 patients and the results compared with those of 342 patients treated with the 6 other antirheumatic drugs (enteric-coated aspirin, paracetamol, indomethacin, flurbiprofen, mefenamic acid, and prednisolone) and those of 41 patients who received placebos. The results show that Safapryn (3,6 g aspirin + 3.0 g paracetamol daily) compared with 3.9 g enteric coated aspirin does not offer any advantage in its analgesic effect, although it gives rise to fewer side effects. Phenylbutazone (3000 mg) was almost as effective as 15 mg prednisolone daily. Between the effects of this dosage of phenylbutazone and other non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs, however, no significant difference could be detected. 50 mg phenylbutazone daily and placebo treatment could not be distinguished. The authors thank the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council for Research in Great Britain for its financial support. One of the authors (PL) was a Merck, Sharp, and Dohme Research Fellow and another one (PMB) received a Robins research scholarship. PMID- 1106040 TI - [Dentists, health insurance, prosthodontics and the "Westphalian peace". Professional politics is only the art of the possible]. PMID- 1106039 TI - [Rotation plasty in the surgical treatment of acquired penile urethral fistulas and abnormalities]. PMID- 1106041 TI - [The gigantic tooth and the giant]. PMID- 1106042 TI - [The contract between insurance dentist and insurance patient on dental prostheses is a private employment contract]. PMID- 1106043 TI - [Drugs against toothache]. PMID- 1106044 TI - [Traumatology, anesthesiology and hygiene in dental practice]. PMID- 1106045 TI - [The planning and details for the construction of prosthetic devices]. PMID- 1106046 TI - [Proof of excellence in our profession. Critical notes on the current new prosthesis situation]. PMID- 1106047 TI - [From the electron to ceramic gold]. PMID- 1106048 TI - [On the history of addiction]. PMID- 1106049 TI - [The new prosthodontics contracts from the viewpoint of the practitioner]. PMID- 1106050 TI - [On the history of addiction]. PMID- 1106051 TI - [Soviet public health during the years of the Great Patriotic War]. PMID- 1106052 TI - [The 60th birthday of Prof. Heinz Weichardt]. PMID- 1106053 TI - [The 70th birthday of Prof. Hans Joachim Symanski, M.D]. PMID- 1106054 TI - [Studies of differentiation of Pseudomonas morsprunorum Wormald and Pseudomonas syringae van Hall by means of physiological and biochemical methods]. PMID- 1106055 TI - Mitomycins. PMID- 1106056 TI - [Reconstructive arterial surgery on the extracranial cerebral arteries in cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 1106057 TI - [Elongation of internal carotid artery, indications for operation and surgical technic]. PMID- 1106058 TI - [Surgery of the small intestine (problems, errors and hazards)]. PMID- 1106059 TI - The growth cycle of influenza viruses as studied in touch preparations of the allantoic layer of chick embryos. 3. The growth cycle of influenza A virus in allantoic cells as studied by immunofluorescence. AB - The growth cycle of Influenza A virus has been studied in touch preparations of infected allantoic layers of the chick embryo using the immunofluorescence technique. Eggs incubated for 11 days were inoculated with either of two comparative doses: (A) 10(9)ID50 (high multiplicity) and (B) 200 ID50 (low multiplicity). (A) After inoculation of 10(9)ID50 (multiplicity: 100ID50 to 3 cells) into the allantoic cavity, two closely associated cycles of infection were observed. (a) A single cycle of multiplication which occurred simultaneously in all cells (those in contact with the allantoic fluid) of the surface stratum of the allantoic layer and terminated with their degeneration followed by desquamation at around the 18-21st hour after inoculation. Consequently, the cells of the deep stratum, denuded of surface stratum, came into contact with the allantoic fluid, a fluid heavily infectious. This first infectious process is termed the major growth cycle. (b) Multiple cycles of infection which occurred in only about 1-5% of cells of the deep stratum of the allantoic layer, the other 95% of deep cells remaining constantly free from infection. This condition is referred to as the minor growth cycle and it lasted until death of the embryos occurred within a maximum of 6-7 days after inoculation. PMID- 1106060 TI - [Serotype 185 and E. coli O115 - two distinct bioseropathotypes (author's transl)]. AB - E. coli O115 strain 27w and TRABULSI's serotype 185 have been subjected by us to comparing examinations of the serological behaviour of their cell wall and their protoplasmatic antigens, of their biochemical and cultural behaviour and their pathogenicity for the mucous membranes of guinea-pigs. As a result of this inquiry it was found, that E. coli O115 27w and the dysentery-provoking serotype 185 are biological distinct bacteria which only share a minor cross relationship of their O-antigens, and which should not be classified together. PMID- 1106061 TI - [Occurrence of the cathode-bound group antigen of the dysentery bacilli in Escherichieae types of intermediate character (author's transl)]. AB - Protoplasmatic antigens of 28 strains of 27 Escherichieae types not accepted as Shigellae have been examined for the occurrence of a cathode-bound group antigen (KGA). From the tested cultures of non-dysentery-provoking types E. coli O28 E1073(z) TAYLOR, E. coli O32, E. coli O115 (27w), Alkalescens-Dispar O1, A.-D. O1 var. Koji, A.-D. O2, A.-D. O3, A.-D. O4, A.-D. O5, A.-D. O6, A.-D. O7, and the intermediate serotypes H62 and 6275-52 no one possessed KGA, and likewise one of the two examined E. coli O136 cultures proved to be KGA-negative. In contrast, KGA was found in the dysentery types 147, 792, 185, Sh. guanabara, E. coli O124, E. coli O136 (one strain), E. coli O143, E. coli O144, and E. coli O152, in the Shigella-like serotypes 2044-54 and 1831, in the E. coli serotypes O112a,b:K68 and RUCHMAN, which have been suspected to provoke dysentery but are showing the biochemical behavior of typical E. coli, finally in Alkalescens-Dispar O8, which is known to be apathogenic for mucous membranes. After, all, KGA seems to be a constituent of all dysentery bacilli, but might be absent in individual cultures. On the other hand, KGA exceptionally seems to be found also in Escherichieae types not enteropathogenic for men. PMID- 1106062 TI - [Identity of serotype 185 Trabulsi with E. coli O152 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106063 TI - [Protective oral immunization against coli enterotoxemia in swine (author's tranls)]. AB - The issue of immunity in the case of enteric infections caused by bacteria is still widely unresolved. To clarify this, weaned piglets 6-7 weeks of age were used as a model, because of the particular susceptibility to colienterotoxemia shown by them at this particular age. The experimental design was as follows. The animals were immunized orally and parenterally (i.v. and i.p. routes) by means of a vaccine consisting of bacteria incapable of reproduction. 14 days later, the animals were challenged orally with virulent EC-O 141 B 85 and EC-O 139 B 82. The results have shown that a) parenteral immunization did not induce protection against oral infection with virulent E. coli; b) repeated oral immunization produced measurable immunity against oral infection; and c) 1 7-hour broth culture proved to be particularly suitable for oral infection. Results also point to the fact local immunity in the intestine as present after enteric infection by bacteria may be artificially induced only by protective oral immunization. PMID- 1106064 TI - [Demonstration of antigen and production of interferon in rabbits infected with borna virus (author's transl)]. AB - Examinations were carried out on the occurrence of active virus, antigen and antibodies in the brain blood, or resp. of rabbits which were infected intracerebrally with the virus of Borna disease as a model of slow viruses. The techniques of the complement fixation and the immunofluorescence were used. Furthermore, an attempt was made to demonstrate interferon in the blood serum of the infected rabbits. Virulent Boran virus was observed two days after the infection and complement fixing antigen from the 10th day on. The immunofluorescence technique gave positive results in the nucleus of ganglion cells eight days after infection. The production of interferon in the sera could not be demonstrated. The brains tested 2, 4, 8, and 20 days after infection were also negative. PMID- 1106065 TI - [A method for routine identification of anaerobic bacteria, in particular of non sporogenic forms (author's transl)]. AB - In the Institute of Bacteriology of Allgemeines Krankenhaus St. Georg, Hamburg, all clinical specimens received (except stools, sputum, and vaginal swabs) have been studied for the presence of anaerobians since 1947. More than 25 years' experience has convinced the authors that not infrequently, non-sporogenic anaerobians occur as infectious agents. Statistical data compiled for the period 1956-1972 revealed that from a total of 71,973 specimens contaminated with bacteria, 7,047 (9.8%) were containing non-sporogenic anaerobians. Pure anaerobic cultures were obtained in 2.404 cases (3.3%) and mixed cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 4,643 cases (6.5%). The pathogenic importance was revealed by identifications from osteomyelitis cases: 11-13.7% pure cultures and 17% mixed cultures (with aerobians). Also in cases of total endoprosthesis of complicated course they were detected in up to 23%. On account of the frequent cultures of non-sporogenic anaerobians obtained from clinical specimens, the authors demand a routine analysis of all clinical specimens for the presence of anerobians... PMID- 1106066 TI - Selective involvement of the brain in experimental murine cryptococcosis. II. Histopathological observations. AB - In the present communication the previously described cultural findings about the selective involvement of the central nervous system by C. neoformans, strain W 2/A 94, have been supplemented by the results of histopathological investigations. Attention has been paid to the organ specific tissue reaction during the course of infection, with special reference to the involvement of the brain. In agreement with former observations concerning the cryptococcoma in the muscle-tissue, the cryptococcal foci in the brain also showed the phenomenon of vascularisation. The results have been compared with those of the C. neoformans, strain W 71/A 117 which does not allow such a prolonged selective involvement of the central nervous system due to its high virulence for the white mice. These observations impressively demonstrate the significance of simultaneous microbiological and histopathological examinations for the detection of infections caused by such facultative pathogens. PMID- 1106067 TI - [Titration of O- and K-agglutinins against Escherichia coli]. PMID- 1106068 TI - Typing of Shigella sonnei colicins by means of specific indicators. AB - An enlarged and perfected scheme of typing of Shigella sonnei colicins is based on the knowledge of types of colicins produced by Abbott's types as well as by newly discovered and determined colicin types. A set of specific indicators prepared from E. coli K13 HfrR, E. coli C6 and Shigella sonnei by a selection of suitable mutants and recombinations was used for the typing. Seven new colicin types were determined on typing shigellae found in the field. Type 9A produces colicins E3, Ia, Type 16 produces colicin B, Type 17 colicins B, Ib, Type 18 colicins E2+?, Type 19 colicins E2, Ia, Type 20 colicins E1, Ib, Type 21 colicins E2, ib. The present scheme can be enlarged, when new types are found. PMID- 1106069 TI - Investigations on the efficacy of surface disinfection and surface cleaning procedures. 2. Laboratory testing of the efficacy under conditions simulating those of real-life. AB - Using a standardised method (impression method by means of 'Rodac' plates and glass as well as ceramic surfaces as germ carriers) we tested for the efficacy of 3 surface disinfectants (aldehydes, aldehydes + detergent substances, phenol derivatives) and 3 disinfectant cleaning agents (aldehydes + detergent substances + wax) and 2 per cent soft soap solution on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Sarcina lutea. The method enabled us to calculate the actual germ count reduction and also took account of the natural dying-rate of the test organisms. Their resistance to the different types of active substances varied greatly. Thus the 3 disinfectants had a better effect on Klebsiellae and Staphylococci than on Sarcinae. 2 of the 3 disinfectant cleaning agents, on the other hand, turned out to be less suitable for the elimination of Klebsiellae. It thus follows that Sarcina cannot be used as test organism for in-use tests (see Communication 1) unless the resistance of Staphylococci and Klebsiellae to the test preparation has first been established in laboratory experiments. The general question, namely whether in-use tests provide meaningful and accurate results remain to be elucidated. On the basis of our test results, the exclusive use of soap for cleaning floors, as a substitute of disinfection, should definitely be ruled out. Although soap reduces Gram-positive cocci well in actual practice, it is almost ineffective against problem germs such as Klebsiellae. What should be stipulated is the use of broad-spectrum disinfectants, i.e. they should, if possible, act equally well against different types of germs. From the commercially-available preparations that were tested, a phenol-base product gave the best results. On the basis of these results we venture to doubt that the use of aldehyde preparations which is customary at the moment, is the right approach to fight hospital infections. PMID- 1106070 TI - Investigations on the efficacy of surface disinfection and surface cleaning procedures. 3. Evaluation of the results of in-use and laboratory tests. AB - 3 disinfectants and 3 disinfectant cleaning agents were subjected to comparative tests as to their germicidal activity. These were (a) laboratory tests with germ carriers and (b) in-use tests with Sarcina-contaminated floor surfaces in a medical institute. The results, details of which are given in the two preceding publications, were assessed under the following angles: Validity of the test methods, requisite changes of the test procedures and practical usefulness of the different types of preparations. This assessment led to the following conclusions: New preparations should first be tested for their bacteriostatic activity according to DGHM and the neutralising agents should be determined. The suspensions tests - which remain to be standardised- provide information on the sensitivity to protein, hard water and detergent surface active substances. The germ carrier tests with operating-theatre tiles, carried out with at least 5 test germs, must result in a germ count reduction of more than 5 powers of ten (regardless of the elimination rate due to drying). In-use tests should stand at the end of the test series. Regular epidemiological studies are hardly feasible in all individual cases. An assessment on the basis of the behaviour of normal bacterial spores is likewise impracticable. The use of test germs cannot be dispensed with. Sarcina is a suitable species provided germ-carrier tests have first been carried out and have shown that Staphylococci, Klebsiellae and other high-risk germs are more sensitive to the preparation than Sarcina lutea. In the in-use tests, we consider a reduction by 2 to 3 powers of ten to be sufficient. PMID- 1106071 TI - Influence of chlortetracycline and chlortetracycline + sulfamethazine supplemented feed on the incidence, persistence and antibacterial susceptibility of salmonella typhimurium in experimentally inoculated calves. PMID- 1106072 TI - [Oral, active immunization of newborn piglets against Escherichia coli: efficiency tests using the intestinal ligature test]. PMID- 1106073 TI - [Neutralization of the neurotoxin of E. coli. Part 2. Determination of the strength of anti-neurotoxic coli-serum]. PMID- 1106074 TI - Immunofluorescence test for bovine leukosis-associated complement-fixing antibodies. PMID- 1106075 TI - A contribution to tentative identification of bovine mycoplasmas. PMID- 1106076 TI - [Effectiveness testing of coli-adsorbate vaccines. Protection studies in the mouse]. PMID- 1106077 TI - Use of an isolator system to study the selective pressure of sulfaquinoxalin containing coccidiostats on Escherichia coli populations in chicks. PMID- 1106078 TI - [Present-day problems of tissue adhesives in surgery (literature review)]. PMID- 1106079 TI - [Present-day status of the problem and the prospects for the development of the theory of the role of L-form bacteria and Mycoplasma in human urological diseases]. AB - The authors consider the current state of the problem and personal data on the role of L-forms of bacteria and mycoplasma in human infectious pathology. L-forms of bacteria were isolated from the urine in 10% of the patients suffering from pyelonephritis and mycoplasmae--in over one third of all the patients both with pyelonephritis and with cystites and prostatitis. Some of the isolated strains of mycoplasmae produced a cytopathogenic effect on the cell cultures, whereas the rest caused a latent infection. Drug sensitivity determined to ten antibacterial preparations with a wide range of action differed in strains of the same species. The efficacy of treatment and the prospects of microbiological studies in cases with atypical and latent courses of inflammatory processes of the urogenital organs in discussed. PMID- 1106080 TI - [Approximate assessment of the successfulness of bacteriological and serological methods of studying rodents in natural plague foci]. AB - On the basis of the study of two mathematical models of the epizootics the authors suggest a criterion for the determination of the correlation of the value of the results of bacteriological and serological examination of rodents in the natural foci of plague. In accordance with the criteria obtained an evaluation was made of this correlation for Pallasiomys meridianus of the left and right banks of the Volga. It appeared that the calculated assessment of the value of the results of the two methods under study correlated satisfactorily with the data obtained in practice during the epizootologic examination of the Volgo-Urals natural focus of infection. PMID- 1106081 TI - [Characteristics of antibody formation in the spleen of guinea pigs immunized by the successive administration of the factor depressing macrophage migration and of heterologous erythrocytes]. PMID- 1106082 TI - [Case of plating out the causative agent of intestinal infections from the oral cavity]. PMID- 1106083 TI - [Results of a study of some methods of differentiating M. pneumoniae strains by the virulence of the degree of attenuation]. AB - Study of five M. pneumoniae strains by the intensity of hemolysis and hemadsorption demonstrated no definite differences between them. Experiments on Cricetus auratus W. showed a higher virulence of the strains isolated from the patients with pneumonia in comparison with the strains isolated in acute respiratory diseases of the upper respiratory tracts. Attenuated straines were characterized by a weak intensity to reproduction in the lung tissue of Cricetus auratus W. and mildness of the histopathological changes which they caused. PMID- 1106084 TI - [Comparative study of the preventive properties of sera obtained by immunization with Shigella flexneri strains of varying degrees of virulence]. PMID- 1106085 TI - [Immune serum globulins in acute dysentery in children]. PMID- 1106086 TI - [Study of the sensitivity of Shigella to ectericide]. PMID- 1106087 TI - [Chief epidemiologists at the fronts of World War II, 1941-1945]. PMID- 1106088 TI - [Correlation of the antibody concentrations in the cells, subcellular structures and blood serum of rabbits immunized with cholera vaccine]. AB - Experiments were conducted on animals. Following immunization with cholera vaccine there were revealed vibriocidal antibodies, sometimes -- agglutinating, but no vibriolysins in the cells of the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine, of the liver, the spleen and in the fractions obtained from the cells with the aid of differential centrifugation. This corresponds to the high titre of vibriocidal antibodies in the serum and a relatively low titre of the other types of antibodies. In parenteral immunization with various doses of cholera vaccine the concentration of vibriocidal antibodies reached 10(1)-10(7) per 1 mg of protein, which was millions of times less than in the blood serum. PMID- 1106089 TI - [Epidemiology of El Tor cholera in Indonesia]. AB - The authors analyze data on El Tor cholera morbidity in Indonesia in the past and at present. It was shown that before the year of 1961 the infection was limited to the Sulavesi island and was epidemic in character, but it differed from classic endemic cholera by a number of signs. In 1961 and 1970 the spread of El Tor cholera along Indonesia was practically synchronous with its spread along the vast territories of the world, this apparently pointing to the effect of some general factor which caused the activization of El Tor cholera in its various foci. PMID- 1106090 TI - [Role of E. coli 06 in the epidemiology of acute intestinal diseases]. AB - The authors demonstrated the etiological role of E. coli 06 in group acute intestinal diseases with the clinical picture of food poisoning. The leading role of the food factor in the spread of this infection was established. A study was made of 64 E. coli 06 cultures isolated from the patients in group infection and from the carriers examined by various indications. The cultures produced no keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs. The capacity to produce enterotoxin was revealed in 2 of 5 cultures tested in experiments with the intranasal infection of albino mice. PMID- 1106091 TI - [Study of the virulence of Shigella sonnei isolated from persons with different forms of dysenteric infection]. AB - Possible ranges of virulence of Sh. sonnei strains isolated from the patients and carriers in the foci of Sonne dysentery, supposedly with the same source of infection, were studied. Sh. sonnei strains isolated from carriers proved to be less virulent than the strains isolated from patients with the clinical manifestation of the infection. A hypothesis was put forward explaining some aspects of carrier state in Sonne dysentery, which most probably was explained by the refracterity of the macroorganism, not by the alterations in the genom of the causative agent. PMID- 1106092 TI - [Utilization of a solid nutrient medium for the serological method of detecting the causative agent of typhoid in patients' feces]. AB - The causative agent of typhoid fever can be revealed in feces of patients not only by the bacteriological, but also by the serological method, if the material is preliminarily grown on hard nutrient media; Ploskirev's medium proved to be the optimal. It is suggested that microbial cultures left on the ager in Petri dishes after the bacteriological study should be used for bacteriological analysis. In a number of cases it was possible to reveal the causative agent of typhoid fever in feces by the serological method, although no coproculture was isolated bacteriologically. PMID- 1106093 TI - [Some problems of nomenclature and taxonomy of the Enterobacteriaceae]. PMID- 1106094 TI - [Deaminase activity of Cl. botulinum type A, B, E and F cultures]. AB - The authors present the results of a comparative study of desaminase activity in the suspensions of resting cells and in ultrasonic desintegrates of cells of Cl. botulinum types A, B, E and F against a number of amino acids and their amides. It was shown that types A, B, E and F possessed active desamination enzymes; this process, however coursed with a different degree of intensity depending on the substrate. Common for all the 4 types was the presence of desamidase L asparaginase and L-glutaminase, and also of the desamination enzymes of the aspartic and glutamic acids. Strains of type B had the greatest set of enzymes, and of type A--the least; bacteria of types E and F occupied an intermediate position. None of the types studied contained tryptophandesaminase. Some of desaminases are bound to subcellular structures. PMID- 1106095 TI - Antidotal therapy and changes of acetylcholinesterase activity following isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate intoxication in mice. AB - The antidotal action of atropine with trimedoxime, obidoxime or methoxime against isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate intoxication in mice was studied. The best antidotal effect was demonstrated for the combination of atropine and methoxime (tested as therapeutic index or D50 index). The effect of atropine (constant dose) and methoxime (different doses) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in four parts of the mouse brain following isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate intoxication was described. The therapeutic effect could be improved by increasing dose of methoxime. AChE activity in the pontomedullar area was increased on increasing the dose of methoxime (p less than 0.005). A correlation between residual AChE activity in the pontomedullar part of the mouse brain and mortality was demonstrated. PMID- 1106096 TI - [Bronchussuture (author's transl)]. AB - We describe the method of manual bronchussuture, used from 1968 until new, which gave us complete satisfaction. Many of the important factors are discussed. The results are analysed and concluding we expose the reasons why we found manual bronchussuture better than any automatic stapling device. PMID- 1106097 TI - [Reconstruction of skin defects of the cheek with a large island flap (author's transl)]. AB - An island skin flap sliding on its own subcutaneous tissue is described to replace large cheek wound defects after tumor resection in elderly patients. The simplicity of the method and the uniformly good results in 25 cases have led the author to prefer this flap to all other types of local flaps. PMID- 1106098 TI - [Interfascicular dissection of peripheral nerve with a surgical microscope. A propos of one case of partial section of the median nerve (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports a case of partial section of the median nerve treated by inlay graft performed under the microscope. He insists on the opportunities offered by microsurgery in the field of the peripheral nerve. PMID- 1106099 TI - [The LH-RH test]. PMID- 1106100 TI - [Pituitary gonadotropin reserve in sterile women with anovular cycles]. PMID- 1106101 TI - Septic candidasis with intrahepatic cholestasis and immunoglobuline deficiency after renal transplantation. AB - Two renal allograft recipients with acquired immunoglobulin deficiency had a disseminated infection with candida albicans. Septic fever, intrahepatic cholestasis and pulmonary mycotic disease were the prominent clinical symptoms. Recurrence of septic fever during the clinical course was associated with increase of intrahepatic cholestasis. On the other hand there was an amelioration of cholestasis when effective antimycotic therapy was instituted. In our patients there was no evidence that intrahepatic cholestasis was drug-related. It was assumed that toxic metabolits of candida albicans were responsible for intrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 1106102 TI - Non-digestive functions of the intestinal hormones (enterines). New data and hypotheses based on experimental duodenectomy (Short review). AB - In cats and dogs, total duodenectomy with transplantation of the papilla Vateri into the jejunum and gastroenteroanastomosis has been shown to result in the so called "duodenal deficiency syndrome" which is characterized, in the first phase, by cachexia of the animals occurring within 6 weeks after operation followed by obesity in the second phase. In contrast, animals with preserved by isolated duodenum do not exhibit pronounced changes in body weight as compared to intact controls. Consequently, it is suggested that intestinal hormones (enterines) not only exert gastrointestinal effects but also systemic ones. Thus, duodenectomy has been shown to lead to disturbances of lipid and protein metabolism, decreased secretory activities of the thyroid gland and the hypothalamus. Due to these findings, -- in addition to the even well-known intestinal hormones -- the existence of enterines with thyrotropic, lipotropic, hypothalamotropic, and appetite-regulating functions can be assumed which may make the duodenum act as an "abdominal hypophysis". PMID- 1106103 TI - Approved list of schools American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Council on Accreditation December, 1975. PMID- 1106104 TI - Eightyfive years of Vilem Laufberger. PMID- 1106105 TI - Clinical trial of ORAP in schizophrenia. PMID- 1106106 TI - Trifluoperazine sirup in chronic psychotic patients. PMID- 1106107 TI - The position of trifluoperazine in the group of neuroleptics (a controlled clinical comparative study). PMID- 1106108 TI - An open assessment of becotide (beclomethasone dipropionate) nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis. AB - The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate (Becotide) intranasally on hay-fever has been studied in 38 adult volunteers with grass pollen allergy. The trial was carried out as an open assessment with simultaneous pollen count during the months of June and July, 1974. With the dose 300 mug/day intranasally, 95 per cent of the subjects regarded the treatment as successful for the nasal symptoms. No effect on eye symptoms was recorded, and no evident side-effects were noted. PMID- 1106109 TI - Inhibition of human leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) by alpha-L fucose. AB - Peak leukocyte migration inhibitory activity was produced in vitro by human lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A and eluted from Sephadex G-100 gel columns in fractions containing molecules of mol. wt. 40,000-50,000 daltons. No activity was found in fractions containing molecules of mol. wt. 23,000 daltons which is the estimated size of the human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). In the present experiments migration inhibition was tested on human peripheral blood leukocytes migrating under agarose. Unconcentrated supernatant activity was reduced in a dose-related manner by alpha-L-fucose. At a concentration of 0.1 M alpha-L-fucose, the mediator activity was completely neutralized. The effect was reversible and specific for alpha-L-fucose. Concentrated supernatant activity, however, was only slightly reduced even in the presence of a higher concentration of sugar. The possible role of alpha-L-fucose as a part of a mediator receptor on the indicator cells is discussed. PMID- 1106110 TI - An anatomical study on trachea, bronchi and pulmonary vessels of the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) with a corrosion cast. PMID- 1106111 TI - [In memorium: Professor Soshichi Isokawa]. PMID- 1106112 TI - Different methods of reconstruction after vulvectomies for cancer of the vulva. AB - Direct wound closure with or without flap-plasty after vulvectomy gives satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. Split thickness skin-grafts seem to be of limited value in the repair of the defects. PMID- 1106113 TI - Infantile cortical hyperostosis. Follow-up of 29 cases. AB - Twenty-nine cases of infantile cortical hyperostosis with a wide range of bone involvement are reviewed. Soft tissue painful swellings began before roentgenographic changes appeared in the underlying bone. In 17 babies gradual involvement of different bones was noted. In seven cases lesions previously healed became reactivated. The disease is self-limiting and appears in a narrow age group. Mandibular involvement is most common. The clinical picture and laboratory data are reported. Differential diagnosis and possible etiological factors are discussed. The similarity of infantile cortical hyperostosis to extreme periosteal new bone formation in response to trauma in sensorily deprived children is suggested as a possible etiological factor. PMID- 1106114 TI - Rapid identification of gram-negative rods using a three-tube method combined with a dichotomic key. AB - A three-tube method combined with a dichotomic key is presented which will identify virtually all Enterobacteriaceae as well as a number of other frequently encountered Gram-negative rods at a genus or species level within 20 hours following the primary isolation. The method is shown to be reliable and simple, saving processing time and material. PMID- 1106115 TI - Pleural effusion disease in rabbits, clinical and post mortem observations. AB - In Denmark and probably in other countries as well, the infectious agent causing intercurrent death of rabbits by passages of Nichols pathogenic Treponema pallidum has been studied in rabbits in the absence of T. pallidum. This agent can be propagated in rabbits at intervals of 2 to 30 days and, depending on the interval between passages and the number of passages, the mortality may vary from zero to almost 70 per cent. Based on the post mortem findings in fatal cases, the name pleural effusion disease is suggested for this rabbit infection. Iridocyclitis, haematological and biochemical changes are signs of the disease not described previously. The source of the infectious agent is discussed. PMID- 1106116 TI - Escherichia coli O:H serotypes isolated from human blood. Prevalence of the K1 antigen with technical details of O and H antigenic determination. AB - Escherichia coli strains isolated from human blood obtained from 539 different patients all over Denmark were examined serologically for O and H antigesn. 425 strains could be O grouped with O sera 1 to 150. 90 strains were spontaneously agglutinable. Using O sera to the ten most frequent O groups: 2, 4, 6, 75, 9, 8, 18, 7, 22 and 1, 57 per cent of all strains could be grouped. Using sera corresponding to the ten most frequent O and the ten most frequent H sera, it was possible to O:H type 68 per cent of all O groupable strains. The K1 antigen was detected in 18 per cent of the strains. PMID- 1106117 TI - Induction effect of diazepam on its own metabolism. PMID- 1106118 TI - Bioavailability studies on a buffered acetylsalicylic acid preparation. PMID- 1106119 TI - Psychiatric epidemiology in Israel: an analysis of community studies. AB - A review is presented of all psychiatric surveys conducted thus far in Israel. A brief description of these five epidemiological studies is followed by an analysis which focuses on the objectives of the studies, their respective methodology and data sources. The results obtained in these studies are discussed according to several parameters, i.e., the range of prevalence rates found, the differential distribution of rates among social groups and the relationship found between psychopathology and several variables such as age, country of origin, social class and area of residence. Suggestions for further epidemiological research are included. PMID- 1106120 TI - Genetic effects of acute and chronic irradiation with 14 MeV neutrons. AB - Male CBA mice were exposed to 14.5 MeV neutron, either in an acute (150 or 250 rad) or a chronic dose (250 rad) and the genetic effects of the irradiations were compared. No detectable difference in the rate of mutations existed between acute and chronic exposure, with these neutrons. PMID- 1106121 TI - [Psychophysiological methods for determination of the effect of central stimulants in neuroleptic syndrome]. PMID- 1106122 TI - Survival of patients on hemodialysis after renal graft failure. AB - The influence of kidney graft failure on the survival rate after reentering maintenance hemodialysis has been studied in 63 patients. Twenty-eight patients were observed for at least 12 months after a primary graft failure and 35 had a second transplant some time during this period. Patient survival 12 months after graft failure was 57%. This result was compared with the 1-year survival of 82% in 150 patients dialyzed prior to the first transplantation. The majority of the deaths on dialysis after graft failure were caused by infectious complications probably related to the immunosuppressive treatment. It is suggested that survival on dialysis after graft failure may be improved by an early reduction of the immunosuppressive treatment in patients with failing grafts. PMID- 1106123 TI - [Urticaria, deafness and amyloidosis. Study of a case with direct immunofluorescence]. PMID- 1106124 TI - Paleoneurology 1804-1966: an annotated bibliography. PMID- 1106125 TI - False positive adolescent MMPI profiles. PMID- 1106126 TI - Mechanism of the aldose-ketose isomerase reactions. PMID- 1106127 TI - The metabolic formation and utilization of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate, L pyrrolidone carboxylate). PMID- 1106128 TI - The enzymology of the formation and breakdown of citrate. PMID- 1106129 TI - The insect chorion: programmed expression of specific genes during differentiation. PMID- 1106130 TI - Biochemical aspects of juvenile hormone action in insects. PMID- 1106131 TI - Structural and functional aspects of the protein synthesizing apparatus in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 1106132 TI - Membrane fluidity and cellular functions. PMID- 1106133 TI - Regulation of transcription in yeast. PMID- 1106134 TI - Somatic cell genetics and its human applications. PMID- 1106135 TI - Nuclear transplantation and the analysis of gene activity in early amphibian development. PMID- 1106136 TI - Plant tissue culture methods in somatic hybridization by protoplast fusion and transformation. PMID- 1106137 TI - Ovalbumin mRNA and ovalbumin DNA and the molecular biology of steroid hormone action. PMID- 1106138 TI - Mechanism of action of hypolipidemic drugs. PMID- 1106139 TI - Newer hypolipidemic compounds. PMID- 1106140 TI - Studies on experimental atherosclerosis by immunofluorescence. PMID- 1106141 TI - Planning the type II coronary primary prevention trial of the lipid research clinics (U. S. A.). PMID- 1106142 TI - Antibodies against Salmonella and SRBC in urodele amphibians: synthesis and characterization. PMID- 1106143 TI - Structural data on chicken IgA and failure to identify the IgA of the tortoise. PMID- 1106144 TI - Cell surface immunoglobulins of thymus and spleen lymphocytes in urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii (Salamandridae). PMID- 1106145 TI - Cellular aspects of humoral immune responsiveness in Chelydra. PMID- 1106146 TI - Immunologic significance of specificities of cellular agglutinins of Limulus polyphemus. PMID- 1106147 TI - In vitro responses of urodele lymphoid cells: mitogenic and mixed lymphocyte culture reactivities. PMID- 1106148 TI - Transplantation immunogenetics and MLC reactivities of partially inbred strains of salamanders (A. mexicanum): prelimanary studies. PMID- 1106149 TI - Phylogeny of functional humoral transplantation immunity: comparative studies in amphibians and rodents. AB - Remarkably comparable observations from parallel experiments in salamanders and mice utilizing three related model systems (implant-induced immunomanipulation; passive transfer; and putative B cell suppression) argue directly that functional humoral transplantation immunity is highly developed at the phylogenetic level of Amphibia and that it plays a major role in regulating graft survival in these species (Fig. 4). Although it is still conjectural whether such humoral immunity and weak H-antigens evolved concurrently, the argument that enhancing atibodies evolved exclusively in viviparous species to protect the fetus from potential rejection by the maternal immune system no longer seems tenable (1). PMID- 1106150 TI - Immune facilitation of allograft survival across restricted differences at the H 2 complex. PMID- 1106151 TI - Response of earthworm leukocytes to concanavalin A and transplantation antigens. PMID- 1106152 TI - Induction of unresponsiveness to organ transplants in congenic strains of rats and other mammals. PMID- 1106153 TI - Somatomedin A and B: demonstration of two different somatomedinlike components in human plasma. PMID- 1106154 TI - Somatomedin levels in human beings. PMID- 1106155 TI - Biological properties of NSILA-S. PMID- 1106156 TI - Nerve growth factor: structure and mechanism of action. PMID- 1106157 TI - Growth regulation in cultures of embryonic rat fibroblasts by the serum factors S1 and S2. PMID- 1106158 TI - The endocrine role of the thymus and its hormone, thymosin, in the regulation of the growth and maturation of host immunological competence. PMID- 1106159 TI - Isolation and chemistry of human somatomedins A and B. PMID- 1106160 TI - The response of cultured human normal glial cells to growth factors. PMID- 1106161 TI - L-Dopa and the treatment of extrapyramidal disease. PMID- 1106162 TI - The cephalosporin group of antibiotics. PMID- 1106163 TI - A directional analysis of peer status scores in a racially integrated residential high school for the disadvantaged. PMID- 1106164 TI - Body surface isopotential mapping in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: noninvasive method to determine the localization of the accessory atrioventricular pathway. AB - The body surface isopotential maps of 22 patients with WPM syndrome were obtained from the 85 unipolar lead ECG's using the on-line minicomputer system newly devised by the author's group. The map patterns were classified into three types I, II, and III (Type I, eight; Type II, seven; Type III, three; and unclassified, four cases). In Type I, the back surface displayed the negative potential throughout the entire ventricular activation, and at the terminal stage the lower precordial area displayed the positive potential and the upper precordial area, the negative one. Type II was characterized by two longitudinal lines, one staying at its place on the back and the other moving right to left on the precordial area following the process of ventricular activation. In Type III, the right precordial area displayed negative potential in the early stage, and in the terminal stage the upper part of the right side of chest surface displayed positive potential and the lower part, negative potential. It was surmised from these patterns that the pre-excited area was located at the posterior region of the ventricles in Type I, at the right ventricle in Type II, and the right ventricular base near the posterior margin of the ventricular septum in Type III. Type A patients in the conventional ECG classification fell under Type I; Type C patients, under Type III; Type B patients under either Type I or Type II. PMID- 1106165 TI - Pericarditis of myocardial infarction: review of the literature with case presentation. PMID- 1106166 TI - Changes in transthoracic electrical impedance during submaximal treadmill exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease--A preliminary report. AB - Twenty normal subjects and 32 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were subjected to submaximal treadmill exercise. The mean transthoracic electrical impedance (TEI) was measured with a tetrapolar lead system and the changes were correlated to the extent of ST depression observed on an on-line digital computer. Six subjects of pre-excitation syndrome with "false" ST depression were also studied. The normal subjects did not show a significant change of TEI during exercise. The patients with IHD showed a steady and significant decrease in TEI, correlating with the extent of ST depression. Recovery was slow after the cessation of exercise. The subjects with false ST changes showed no decrease of TEI. The changes were more profound in subjects who developed anginal pain during the test. These findings are attributed to an increase in the thoracic blood volume and pulmonary extravascular water due to transient left ventricular dysfunction in angina. PMID- 1106167 TI - Risk factors and coronary heart disease--facts or fancy? AB - The importance of the many well-published epidemiologic studies for the philosophy of prevention of ischemic heart disease has led to this analysis of the background design and early results of three such studies, i.e., the Framingham study, the National Pooling Project, and the Stockholm Prospective Study. Besides indicating certain flaws in the early design, it is demonstrated that the authors usually press their factual data to conclusions that are not only really valid, with some exceptions. This analysis leads to the conclusion that high blood pressure and cigarette smoking seem to be much more important for the development of ischemic heart disease than high serum lipids in the populations studied. They are, furthermore, selected in such a way that the results cannot have any bearing on the general population and, in particular, on its lower and higher social strata. PMID- 1106168 TI - Pioneers of applied analysis: vol. III of the Minutes. PMID- 1106169 TI - Electrophysiologic studies in the denervated transplanted human heart. II. Response to norepinephrine, isoproterenol and propranolol. AB - Five patients who had received a transplanted human heart 1 to 3 years previously were studied to determine the effects of norepinephrine, isoproterenol and propranolol on the atrioventricular (A-V) conduction system. Using the His bundle technique, atrial, His bundle and ventricular electrograms were recorded, and central aortic pressure was monitored during the administration of these drugs. Norepinephrine was given by continuous infusion to four patients in doses ranging from 4 to 8 mug/min, with the systolic arterial pressure increasing by an average of 72 mm Hg. Concomitantly, there was an average increase in the rate of the donor atrium of 32 beats/min, and a reflex slowing of the recipient atrium of 23 beats/min. The A-H interval shortened by an average of 27 msec. Isoproterenol dose-response curves were performed in three patients, with the maximal dose being 5.2 mug by intravenous bolus infusion. The rate of the donor atrium increased by an average of 40 beats/min, and that of the recipient atrium by 18 beats/min. The A-H time shortened by an average of 25 msec, with a drop in systolic blood pressure averaging 23 mm Hg. Propranolol (7 mg intravenously) was given to three patients and the peak doses of norepinephrine and isoproterenol were again infused. Beta adrenergic blockade was achieved at this dose of propranolol since there was only a minimal increase in the donor atrial rate after infusion of the drug. The A-H interval was not altered by catecholamine infusion after achievement of beta blockade. However, the levels of systolic hypertension noted after infusion of norepinephrine was not altered by propranolol. The denervated transplanted human heart appears to respond normally to norepinephrine and isoproterenol, and the electrophysiologic effects of these agents are blocked by propranolol. Extensive investigative work in the denervated canine model has demonstrated the presence of the alpha and beta cardiovascular receptors. Although the automonic nervous system is important in cardiac performance, this work is the first validation in man that (1) the functional integrity of the beta receptor is maintained even when the autonomic nerves are absent, and (2) the intrinsic properties of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes are the keystone in stabilizing cardiac electrophysiology after denervation. PMID- 1106170 TI - Metabolism of free fatty acids, glucose and catecholamines in acute myocardial infarction. Relation to myocardial ischemia and infarct size. AB - The myocardial metabolism of free fatty acids, glucose and catecholamines is reviewed in relation to current trends in the therapy of experimental myocardial infarction. Major modifications in the metabolism of free fatty acids, glucose and catecholamines have already been found after acute myocardial infarction in man, and animal experimental data suggest that such metabolic changes might play a role in the modification of infarct size and sometimes in the development of arrhythmias. However, animal experiments often represent extreme situations and the therapeutic use in man of agents to modify the metabolism of free fatty acids, glucose or catecholamines after myocardial infarction needs intensive investigation before general application. The sum total of the evidence from animal experiments suggests that increased circulating concentrations of free fatty acids and catecholamines, if sufficiently high, may be harmful rather than helpful to the outcome of acute myocardial infarction, and that increased provision of glucose (as glucose, insulin and potassium) may be beneficial. Reservations to these conclusions are that the concentrations used appear to be important factors in catecholamine and free fatty acid effects, and that the mechanism of action of glucose-insulin-potassium is more complex than originally thought. PMID- 1106171 TI - Carrel and Tuffier (1914) on experimental surgery of the cardiac orifices. PMID- 1106172 TI - George C. Griffith, 1896-1975. PMID- 1106173 TI - Cost of cardiac pacing. AB - The patient with a permanent pacemaker faces significant lifetime medical expenses. The financial records of 15 patients with more than 4 years' (average 73 months) of cardiac pacing were reviewed to establish the basic cost of pacing. Each pacemaker was electively replaced after 24 months of service. During the total of 1,096 months of pacing there were 65 hospital admissions. Medical expenses for the 15 patients totaled $112,160, of whic- $93,410 was for hospital expenses and $18,750 for physicians'fees. The average monthly cost per patient was $102 (range $84 to $130). PMID- 1106174 TI - The hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the guinea pig. I. Immunohistochemical localization of neurophysin in the adult. AB - With the use of the unlabeled antibody enzyme technique and antiserum against bovine neurophysin I, neurophysin was localized in the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the adult guinea pig. Immunoreactive deposits were found in the perikarya of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, their fiber projections and terminals in the posterior pituitary. No parvicellular neurophysin-positive components were observed. In the median eminence neurophysin was seen in the zona interna where axons of the supraoptico-hypophysial tract pass on their way to the neural lobe. The peptide was also present in axons projecting into zona externa which terminate on the primary portal plexus. PMID- 1106175 TI - The hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the guinea pig. II. Immunohistochemical localization of neurophysin and vasopressin in the fetus. AB - The development of the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the fetal guinea pig was examined by immunohistochemistry. Neurophysin was first observed in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), median eminence (ME) and posterior pituitary (PP) on day 40 of gestation. It was not regularly present in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) until day 47. Vasopressin was first observed in the SON, ME and PP on day 45. In the median eminence immunoreactive deposits indicative of both peptides were observed in both the fibers of the hypothalamo hypophysial tract (H-HT) in the presumptive zona interna as well as in axons projecting to the developing primary portal plexus. PMID- 1106176 TI - Structural modification of Schwann cells in the pancreatic islets of the dog. AB - In dog pancreatic islets, Schwann cells not only ensheath autonomic nerves but also have cytoplasmic processes that are contiguous with large expanses of the islet surface. These processes are interposed between the islet basal lamina and the endocrine parenchyma. This structural modification of Schwann cells may play a role in the neural control of islet function. PMID- 1106177 TI - Ultrastructural observation of anterior pituitary gonadotrophs following hypophysial portal vessel infusion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (50 ng) was infused with a microcannula into hypothalamo-hypophysial stalk portal vessels of adult male rats. Anterior pituitaries were prepared for electron microscopy at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after infusion. Granule release (exocytosis) from gonadotrophs was stimulated within one minute. Evidence of increased protein synthesis began at 5-10 minutes but was not maximal until 15 minutes. The majority of new granules appeared in the Golgi apparatus at 15 and 30 minutes. This study provides morphological evidence for LHRH-induced hormone and synthesis release under physiological conditions. PMID- 1106178 TI - Primary neonatal hyperparathyroidism. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - The seventh case in the world literature of primary hyperparathyroidism in a neonate is reported. This is the fifth case in which an autopsy was performed. The clinical and anatomic findings in all seven cases are reviewed and compared. Neonates with primary hyperparathyroidism show diffuse hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. The bones show disturbed osteogenesis, bone resorption, and widespread fibrosis of the marrow cavities. Bony cysts are not appreciated. Pathologic fractures are common. Marked hypercalciuria or hyperphosphaturia is usually not observed, perhaps because the immature renal tubules fail to respond to the influence of excess parathormone. Aminoaciduria and anemia are commonly observed. The prognosis is grave, and the etiology of this syndrome remains unexplained. PMID- 1106179 TI - An immunofluorescent procedure for detection of Hb F (gamma chain) in peripheral erythrocytes. AB - A direct fluorescent method for the detection of the gamma chain of Hb F in erythrocytes is described. The method is easier to interpret and more sensitive than the classic Kleihauer-Betke procedure. PMID- 1106180 TI - Nocardia asteroides bacteremia in an immunosuppressed renal-transplant patient. AB - A patient with a polymicrobial bacteremia due to Nocardia asteroides and Escherichia coli is presented. Rapid overgrowth of all cultures with the E. coli necessitated the use of selective media containing antimicrobial agents to which the E. coli was sensitive. Only five previous cases of N. asteroides bacteremia have been reported. PMID- 1106181 TI - River of years. An overview of clinical pathology. Ward Burdick Award Address. PMID- 1106182 TI - Segmental mastectomy plus radiation therapy for stage I cancer of the breast. AB - Segmental mastectomy (surgical removal of the palpable tumor mass with a shell of normal tissue) plus irradiation to the entire remaining breast and regional lymph nodes is commonly used in other countries as a treatment for Stage I cancer of the breast. It is not, however, generally practiced or accepted in the United States. Adequate postoperative irradiation consisting of 4,500-5,000 rads to regional lymph nodes and a slightly higher dose to the breast itself will eliminate more than 90% of remaining subclinical tumor, as evidence by very low local recurrence rates. Many patients having local recurrence may then be salvaged by mastectomy or axillary node dissection. Equal five- and ten-year survival rates are obtained compared with radical mastectomy with less physical and psychological morbidity for the patient. While this treatment is not suitable for all Stage I cases, its efficacy should be more widely recognized. PMID- 1106183 TI - Paralysis of the diaphragm. AB - Diaphragmatic paralysis has been mentioned infrequently as a cause of respiratory symptoms in children. During a three-year period, diaphragmatic paralysis has occurred in 12 neonates following birth trauma (six) or thoracotomy (six) and in four older children following thoracotomy. Spontaneous recovery occurred in all four older children and in five of the 12 neonates. Although two neonates became asymptomatic despite persistent paralysis, the remaining five neonates required prolonged intermittent positive-pressure breathing; two eventually died of secondary pneumonia, and three became asymptomatic only after plication of the affected diaphragm. PMID- 1106184 TI - Letter: Treatment of laryngotracheobronchitis. PMID- 1106185 TI - Prospective, randomized study of diagnosis and outcome in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: endoscopy versus conventional radiography. AB - Sixty patients with mild to moderate upper-gastrointestinal bleeding were admitted to a prospective, controlled study of diagnosis and management, and were randomized to endoscopy or upper-gastrointestinal (UGI) barium series as the initial study. Definitive localization of the source of bleeding was made initially in 69% of the endoscopy group and 21% of the UGI group (P less than 0.0005). Of 54 patients undergoing both studies, endoscopy was definitive in 67% and UGI series in 22%. Thus, endoscopy also made more diagnoses when used as the second study (P less than .01). The use of endoscopy as the initial procedure led to significantly more rapid diagnosis than with UGI series. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical outcome. Endoscopy is the initial diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with mild to moderate upper-gastrointestinal bleeding because it enables detection of superficial bleeding lesions and has significantly increased the speed of diagnosis. PMID- 1106186 TI - Jejunal fluid and electrolyte secretion in carcinoid syndrome. AB - To evaluate the pathogenesis of the diarrhea of carcinoid syndrome, triple-lumen jejunal-perfusion studies were performed in three patients with carcinoid syndrome and diarrhea and eleven control subjects. In contrast to the net absorption observed in the control subjects during perfusion with an isotonic mannitol-saline solution, net secretion occurred in two of the three carcinoid syndrome patients. Glucose absorption and glucose-stimulated fluid absorption were normal in the carcinoid-syndrome patients. Methysergide controlled the diarrhea and in one patient net absorption was observed during methysergide therapy. These studies suggest that intestinal secretion may be one of the pathogenetic factors responsible for the diarrhea of carcinoid syndrome and provide additional evidence of the importance of intestinal electrolyte secretion in the genesis of many diarrheal states. PMID- 1106187 TI - Metiamide in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - The histamine H2-receptor antagonist metiamide is an inhibitor of endogenous and stimulated gastric-acid secretion. It appears to have therapeutic possibilities in duodenal-ulcer disease. Three patients exhibiting the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have been treated with this drug for six months or more. Rapid symptomatic improvement occurred in each case, followed by ulcer healing. There were also reductions in gastric secretion and consistent changes in the fasting serum-gastrin concentration. On patient relapsed temporarily during therapy. There have been no side effects. It is concluded that, in the short term, metiamide is of benefit in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 1106188 TI - Early clinical experience with metiamide, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, in patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - The clinical, endoscopic, and biochemical effects of metiamide, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, in therapeutic dosage have been studied in a 28-day open trial in patients with duodenal ulcer disease. A good symptomatic response, combined with a 72% ulcer healing rate was observed. There were small but significant rises in plasma creatinine, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum lactate dehydrogenase during treatment. Small quantities of amino acids appeared in the urine, and the heart size increased slightly. It is concluded that histamine H2-receptor antagonism may be an important therapeutic approach to duodenal ulcer disease. PMID- 1106189 TI - Bile reflux gastritis. Analysis of fasting and postprandial gastric aspirates. AB - Gastric aspirates from 11 patients with bile reflux gastritis were studied for pH, bacterial cultures, proteolytic acitivity and bile salt pattern. Hypochlorhydria, significant bacterial overgrowth and unconjugated bile salts were found in all gastric specimens tested. The presence of unconjugated bile salts may account for the severity of the gastritis seen in these patients. PMID- 1106190 TI - Association of antiplatelet antibody with functional platelet disorders. Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombopathia. PMID- 1106191 TI - Alveolar capillary basement membrane lesions in Goodpasture's syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. AB - An ultrastructural study of lung distinguised between lesions of the alveolar capillary basement membrane in a case of Good pasture's syndrome and in three cases of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. In Goodpasture's syndrome, diffuse vascular injury with wide endothelial gaps, diffusely fragmented basement membranes and an electron dense layer on the basement membrane was found. In idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, focal ruptures of the basement membrane were associated with hydropic changes in pneumocytes and, although fibroblasts were not seen, collagen deposition occurred within the basement membrane. immunofluorescent studies failed to show deposition of immunoglobulins G (IgG), A (IgA), M (IgM) or C3 in the lung in either disease. The ultrastructural lesions appear to separate these clinically similar entities. PMID- 1106192 TI - The role of complement, immunoglobulin and bacterial antigen in coagulase negative staphylococcal shunt nephritis. AB - We describe three patients with arrested hydrocephalus in whom glomerulonephritis developed secondary to Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia from an infected ventriculoatrial shunt. Investigation of the immune-mediated renal disease associated with this chronic infection showed that (1) complement depletion during the acute phase of bacteremia and nephritis was predominantly via the classic pathway; (2) rheumatoid factor was associated with bacteremia, fever, proteinuria and low complement levels; (3) early complement components (C1q, C4, C3), immunoglobulin (predominantly immunoglobulin M [IgM], Staph. epidermidis antigen(s) and electron denxe subendothelial deposits were localized within the renal glomerulus; (4) C1q, and IgM derived from patient serums, were the most prominent in vitro immunoreactants to Staph. epidermidis cell walls; and (5) the causative organisms, Staph. epidermidis, shared common antigens with Staph. aureus, and antibody from patient serums cross reacted with extracts from both of these organisms. PMID- 1106194 TI - Nurses in American History. Vassar training camp for nurses. PMID- 1106193 TI - B and T cell lymphomas. Analysis of blood and lymph nodes in 87 patients. AB - B and T cell populations were studied in blood and neoplastic tissues from 64 untreated and 23 treated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This study was undertaken primarily to evaluate the relation of B and T cell markers in various lymphomas to the currently accepted morphologic classifications and to determine the utility of various tissues in defining the cell of origin of a lymphoma. When histologically involved blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes or body fluids were studied, a B or T cell origin of the lymphoma was identified in 26 of 28 (68 per cent) patients. A B cell origin was found in 17 adults classified as having nodular (N) or diffuse (D) poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDLL). One lymphoma of T cell origin was observed in an adult with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma-diffuse (PDLL-D). In contrast, all cases of PDLL-D in children were T cell in origin. The origin of American Burkitt's (stem cell) lymphoma in two children was the B cell. When histologically involved blood was studied, a B or T cell origin was demonstrated in 10 of 21 (48 percent) adults. Evidence of a monoclonal proliferation of B lymphocytes in the blood was found two adults with more than 7 per cent lymphoma cells in Wright-Giemsa stained blood smears. When neoplastic lymph nodes were studied, the diagnosis of a B cell lymphoma was made in 8 of 12 (67 per cent) adults. Study of surface markers on malignant cells in cerebrospinal or serosal fluids frequently revealed a B or T cell origin of the lymphoma. B and T lymphocyte numbers in the blood did not correlate with immunoglobulin or skin test abnormalities. Abnormalities in circulating B or T cell percentages at diagnosis were a poor prognostic sign in patients with PDLL-D. PMID- 1106195 TI - The responses to synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in patients with primary selective pituitary deficiency in gonadotropins. AB - Fifteen patients, 11 female and four male, with primary selective pituitary deficiency in gonadotropins were submitted to the subcutaneous administration of 100 to 400 mcg. of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). When compared to the effect of LH-RH in eight normal female subjects, two types of responses were observed: there were either small increments in both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or increases comparable to those observed in normal subjects. Five patients received 100 mcg. of LH-RH daily over four consecutive days. No additive nor depleting effects could be observed. The responses in seven patients given 400 mcg. were not significantly different from those obtained with 100 mcg. Our results indicate two possible etiologies of primary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. A normal response in LH and FSH after administration of LH-RH assesses a selective hypothalamic deficit in releasing hormones, whereas a negative or low response suggests a dysfunction of the pituitary gonadotropic cell. PMID- 1106196 TI - The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on patients undergoing vaginal operations. II. Alterations of microbial flora. AB - Preoperative and postoperative cultures of the upper vagina were taken from 48 women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy. They received a five-day course of either prophylactic cephalosporins or placebo. Comparisons of preoperative and postoperative flora in both the active-drug and placebo groups as well as comparisons between the postoperative flora of the drug group and that of the placebo group were made. Alterations of the bacterial flora occurred whether or not the patient received prophylactic antibiotics. PMID- 1106197 TI - Antibodies to herpesvirus type 2 in carcinoma of the cervix uteri in Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - Carcinoma of the cervix is by far the commonest gynecologic malignancy seen in Ibadan, Nigeria. In a study aimed at investigating the role of herpesvirus type 2 (HT-2) in its pathogenesis, antibodies to HT-2 were detected by immunofluorescence above a titer of 640 in 31 (70.5 percent) of 44 women with invasive carcinoma of the cervix as compared with five (11.1 percent) of 45 healthy women of the same age group. Analysis according to histologic types of growths showed that 31 (83.8 percent) of 37 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma had antibodies above a titer of 640, whereas none of the other types (one adenocarcinoma and six undifferentiated carcinoma of the cervix) had antibodies above this titer. It was concluded that the results of the present study support the hypothesis of an association between HT-2 and carcinoma of the cervix, most especially the squamous-cell type. PMID- 1106198 TI - Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology: an account of a particular change of structure in the human ovarium. Matthew Baillie, 1789. PMID- 1106199 TI - Development of the oral contraceptives. PMID- 1106200 TI - Studies of blood glucose and plasma insulin in "normal" women using mechanical contraception for 6 months. AB - A prospective study of carbohydrate metabolism was done with 56 "normal" women who were 4 to 11 weeks post partum. Each had a 3 hour oral glucose tolerance test performed before and after 6 months of using an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). The results showed only slight changes in blood glucose and plasma insulin levels between the two tests. There were elevations of the fasting and 0.5 hour glucose values and the 2 hour plasma insulin value at the 6 month test. These data provide a further understanding of the changing metabolic parameters associated with pregnancy and they also give the "control" baseline information for comparison with other postpartum studies on the metabolic effects of contraceptive steriods. PMID- 1106201 TI - Response of ovarian steroid secretion to the intrinsic gonadotropin release caused by the administration of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - During gynecologic laparotomies, both ovarian and peripheral venous blood specimens were collected simultaneously, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), estradiol, and progesterone were measured in each sample by means of the radioimmunoassay technique before and after the administration of synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH). The FSH levels rose significantly 30 minutes after the LH-RH injection, while the LH values had already increased significantly at 15 minutes. A significant decrease of the average FSH AND LH levels during the follicular phase and the average LH levels during the luteal phase was observed in the ovarian as compared to the peripheral venous blood. The estradiol levels in the ovarian venous blood made a prompt and significant increase almost in parallel with the gonadotropin release. During the luteal phase, the progesterone concentrations in the ovarian and peripheral venous blood increased significantly. It is considered that the human ovary responds quite promptly to an abrupt release of intrinsic FSH and LH caused by the administration of synthetic LH-RH and secretes estradiol and progesterone immediately. PMID- 1106202 TI - Maternal smoking and fetal breathing movements. AB - Pregnant, habitually smoking women were studied during the last trimester when smoking a standard cigarette, smoking a nontobacco cigarette, or chewing a piece of chewing gum containing 2 or 4 mg. of nicotine. The effects of the experimental interventions were followed on the concentration of nicotine and the percentage of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in maternal blood, on the amount and pattern of the fetal breathing movements, and on the maternal heart rate, breathing rate, and blood glucose level. The maternal blood concentration of nicotine was increased by the standard cigarette, the 4 mg. nicotine chewing gum, and the 2 mg. nicotine chewing gum in descending order. The COHb percentage in maternal blood was increased by the standard cigarette and to a lower degree by the nontobacco cigarette. A significant increase of apnea and periodic breathing movements in the fetus followed the smoking of a standard cigarette; a similar but nonsignificant change occurred in a dose-related way after the 4 mg. and the 2 mg. chewing gum. The maternal heart rate was positively correlated to the level of blood breathing movements occurring after smoking one standard cigarette. The suppression of the fetal breathing movements in utero poses the question whether iterated maternal smoking might influence the prenatal assessment of fetal maturity using determination of pulmonary surfactants in the amniotic fluid. PMID- 1106203 TI - Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology. Case of an extra-uterine feetus, produced alive, through an incision made into the vagina of the mosther, who recovered after delivery without any alarming symptoms. John King. 1817. PMID- 1106204 TI - Oral contraceptives and thromboembolism: a reassessment. AB - The relationship between oral contraceptive usage and thromboembolism is controversial. Since thromboembolism is often undiagnosed, both clinically and at routine autopsy, most epidemiologic analyses rest or a very uncertain factual base. There are increases in blood coagulation factors in oral contraceptive users similar to, but less than, those seen in pregnancy, which is not associated with increased thromboembolism. Hematologists emphasize that these changes do not define a "hypercoagulable" state, and they do not define or predict the occurrence of thrombosis. Intrinsic vascular wall changes, unrelated to drug use, may play a role in sporadic cases of thromboembolism. When the incidence of thromboembolism in very large Phase III trials of conventional oral contraceptives is compared to that in other populations (patients admitted to the hospital, women who visit a physician, pregnant women, or users of nonestrogenic oral contraceptives), no difference is seen. Epidemiologic studies by the "case control" ("trohoc") method consistently show an increase "relative risk" associated with oral contraceptive use in subjects with "idiopathic" thromboembolism but no increased risk in thromboembolism patients as a whole or in those with predisposing factors. This retrospective epidemiologic technique, its particular applications, and the inferences drawn are open to serious criticism, as are studies claiming a relationship between estrogen dose and thromboembolism incidence. An Australian prospective survey found no increased risk among users, and a large British study which initially reported an increased risk is currently undergoing recalculation. The only controlled clinical experiment (with random assignment of subjects to vaginal versus high-estrogen contraceptives) showed no increased incidence in the drug-treated group. Statistical associations derived from "trohoc" studies do not establish causal relationships; moreover, their risk estimates are in conflict with the findings of large Phase III clinical surveys including subjects using estrogen-free contraceptives, with at least one prospective clinical survey, and with a randomized, controlled clinical trial. The data relating estrogen dosage to thromboembolism incidence are ambiguous, at best. Thus, the claim of a causal relationship between oral contraceptive steroids and thromboembolism does not appear to be firmly founded, and the belief that predisposing factors increase the risk to contraceptive users is equally insubstantial. PMID- 1106205 TI - Roster of American obstetrical and gynecological societies. PMID- 1106206 TI - Pituitary responses to LRH in the postpartum periods. AB - Pituitary responses to luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone (LRH) in the postpartum periods were studied. Following a subcutaneous injection of 100 mug of synthetic LRH to postpartum subjects, no statistically significant changes in the levels of LH and FSH could be demonstrated in five subjects on postpartum day 1 or 3 and the three subjects on postpartum day 8. A normal elevation of LH and FSH following LRH was demonstrated in one subject 36 days post partum. The findings are in agreement with previous studies demonstrating a persistence of pituitary suppression during the early postpartum period. No correlation could be drawn between the pituitary responses to LRH and the plasma levels of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone. PMID- 1106207 TI - Obituary. Ludwig J. K. von Sallmann, M.D. 1892-1975. PMID- 1106208 TI - Alcohol and marijuana effects on static visual acuity. AB - Static visual acuity was measured at two contrast levels (12 and 49%) in ten subjects in a double blind experiment involving five drug conditions of alcohol and marijuana (0.5 ml and 1.0 ml/kg body weight of 95% ethanol, 8 and 15 mg delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and a placebo). We found no statistically significant change in static visual acuity for any of the dose levels at any of the measurement time up to six hours following drug ingestion; this is sharply contrasted with the marked decrements in acuity which were found in the same subjects under the same drug conditions when the targets were in motion and required corrdinated eye movements for their resolution. PMID- 1106210 TI - Clinical experience with the acid-etch technique in orthodontics. AB - The acid-etch technique and the development of improved composite resin systems have made the direct bonding of orthodontic attachments an accepted clinical procedure. This technique can be used with confidence as an adjunct in the armamentarium of the orthodontist. PMID- 1106211 TI - Direct bonding on impacted teeth. AB - In eighteen patients twenty-three impacted teeth were surgically exposed and provided with Cuspid-Pull Brackets by the direct-bonding technique. Light orthodontic traction was applied after 10 minutes. Only three brackets were lost during the experiment. The experiment showed that sufficient bonding could be established on impacted teeth without pumicing the tooth surface and that phosphoric acid in minimal amounts causes no harm to the adjacent tissues but assists in preventing bleeding from the surrounding tissues. This made it possible to obtain the necessary dryness of the exposed tooth surface. The reasons for bond failure are discussed. PMID- 1106209 TI - Computer-assisted eye examinations IV. "Additive" lens systems in eye refractors. AB - After a brief introduction to the optical principles and terms, formulas are derived which demonstrate that with conventional methods and designs it is not possible to summate with accuracy the labeled power of three or more ophthalmic lenses in tandem. The effective power of sphero-cylindrical combinations in all currently available eye refractors, when powers of eight to ten diopters are exceeded, may differ from the summated labeled power by a quarter diopter or more, which can be clinically significant. This error can be directly and readily eliminated only in computer-actuated refractors by including a computer program which calculates the effective power and makes the necessary correction. PMID- 1106212 TI - The Journal and the Associations diamond anniversary. PMID- 1106213 TI - Patterns of muscular activity around the hip joint in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. An electromyographic study. AB - Effect of posture and voluntary movements on hip muclses in eithteen spastic ambulatory children with cerebral palsy were examined electromyographically. Five normal adults were also examined as controls. In each posture, subluxation hips showed greater activity than concentric and normal hips, and the activity pattern was mostly that of either the flexion or the extension synergies in voluntary movements. The concentric hips did not show the characteristic pattern. PMID- 1106214 TI - Muscle pain syndromes--Part I. PMID- 1106215 TI - Why a psychoanalytic core in psychiatric education? AB - The author presents arguments for a historical psychogenetic approach to psychiatric education with a focus on psychodynamic understanding of behavior. Psychoanalysis provides a developmental psychology and a body of clinical data that are uniquely suited to this purpose. This focus is meant to be complemented by consideration of genetic, social, cultural, learning, and biophysiological forces. The author relates trends in psychiatric education to the changing identity of the psychiatrist and the history of the discipline. PMID- 1106216 TI - 1975 Anniversaries. PMID- 1106217 TI - A placebo-controlled study of lithium combined with neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - Lithium combined with major tranquilizers was administered to 22 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients with minimal neurotoxicity or other side effects. Moreover, 10 of the patients benefited significantly with lithium as compared to placebo in terms of blind psychiatric and nursing ratings and nonblind clinical judgments of outcome. These results contrast with previous negative reports in the literature and the generally poor prognosis in chronic schizophrenic patients. The authors suggest that a trial combining lithium with psychotropic drugs is warranted in schizophrenic patients who do not respond satisfactorily to conventional treatment PMID- 1106218 TI - Blood pressure and pulse changes in hyperactive children treated with imipramine and methylphenidate. AB - The authors found significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate in hyperactive children treated with imipramine. Methylphenidate treated children showed significant weight loss but no significant changes in blood pressure or pulse. The authors recommend caution in the use of imipramine and suggest the need for further study to determine short- and long-term effects of imipramine on blood pressure. PMID- 1106219 TI - Family interactions as etiological factors in mental disorders: An analysis of the American Journal of Insanity, 1844-1848. AB - A review of the first four volumes of the American Journal of Insanity indicated that the primary etiological factor noted by authors during that period was disturbed brain functioning, although emotional factors were often mentioned as additional explanations for mental illness. The influence of familial factors and interactions on the development of mental illness was rarely explored. The author concludes that psychiatry at this time did not yet recognize the importance of the dynamics of and interpersonal stresses within family relationships. PMID- 1106220 TI - Issues of health policy: local government and the public's health. PMID- 1106221 TI - Current perspectives on giardiasis. AB - Giardia lamblia infestation can cause severe diarrhea and malabsorption, and the diagnosis is usually made by identification of cysts in the feces, but small intestinal biopsy or smears may be required. A wide spectrum of roentgen changes may be seen. In patients with a normal immune status, the small bowel is normal or shows an inflammatory bowel disease pattern. Eradication of the parasite reverses these changes. In some patients with IgA deficiency, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia occurs, and this is usually not reversible. Other patients with hypogammaglobulinemia or dysgammaglobulinemia and giardiasis may show a sprue pattern. This pattern most often persists after eradication of the parasite. Although the triad of giardiasis, IgA deficiency, and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia has a particularly high association, these, together with diarrhea, malabsorption, and various altered immune states may occur in any combination. PMID- 1106222 TI - Esophageal moniliasis. A review of common and less frequent characteristics. AB - Invasion of the esophagus by Candida albicans probably occurs more frequently than the reported cases suggest. The disease usually occurs following immunosuppression but may occur after antibiotic therapy. It is heralded by the sudden onset of severe pain and dysphagia, and recovery or death from dissemination may occur. Roentgenographically, impaired motility is much more prominent than disordered motility or spasm. Narrowing, a cobblestone epithelium, and later, erosions and ulcerations are seen. Antifungal agents are adequate therapy. PMID- 1106223 TI - Angiography in expansile lesions of the spleen. AB - The angiographic findings in a relatively large number of expansile lesions of the spleen are presented. In cysts our findings correspond to those in earlier reports, the hallmark being stretching of intrasplenic arteries and veins around an avascular espansile lesion. As to neoplasms (primary as well as secondary), however, our findings suggest that the criteria of malignancy, that is, neovascularity, vascular encasement, and arteriovenous shunting, may be more frequent than is evident from earlier reports. PMID- 1106224 TI - Congenital avalvular pulmonary artery and infantile lobar emphysema. A diagnostic correlation. AB - Some cardiovascular lesions may result in tracheobronchial obstruction and many of these will commonly be associated with infantile lobar emphysema (ILE). By contrast a relatively smaller percentage of cases of ILE results from vascular compression. We offer a new term, "congenital avalvular pulmonary artery (CAPA)," to describe the complex of the absent pulmonary valve and the concomitant marked pulmonary artery dilatation because CAPA is more descriptively inclusive of the abnormality of the artery beyond the valve. The diagnostic correlation of CAPA and ILE is of considerable importance since the initial presentation of CAPA is usually as ILE and the recognition of a triangular or rounded hilar density should raise suspicion for CAPA even before clinical signs become evident. Differential diagnosis must include other causes of ILE including infantile lobar emphysema with bronchial atresia. PMID- 1106225 TI - Pulmonary venous air embolism in hyaline membrane disease. AB - A newborn infant with the respiratory distress syndrome in whom pulmonary venous air embolism (PVAE) developed as a complication of positive pressure therapy is reported. The underlying pathophysiology in this disorder is probably the development of alveolar-capillary fistulae secondary to unduly high intrabronchial pressures. An increased awareness by radiologists and clinicians of PVAE as a potential complication of aggressive respiratory therapy will result in more frequent recognition of this uncommon but lethal disorder. PMID- 1106226 TI - Pulmonary edema and continuous positive pressure breathing (CPPB). AB - We have successfully treated severe pulmonary edema of various etiologies and the concomitant hypoxia in 17 infants and children with continuous positive pressure spontaneous breathing. The pressure used was 8 to 14 cm of water above atmospheric pressure. No significant changes occurred in arterial or central venous blood pressure, and no patient developed clinical evidence of peripheral venous engorgement. Pulmonary edema cleared within 24 hours in all cases. We believe this rapid clearing may differentiate pulmonary edema from pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage. The pathophysiology and the roentgenologic findings are presented. PMID- 1106227 TI - Radionuclide studies in bronchogenic carcinoma of the Hilum. Scintigraphy and tomography: their complementary features. AB - Thirty-eight cases with direct or indirect signs of hilar masses were investigated by roentgenologic, radioisotopic and surgical methods. Reasonable correlation between tomography and scintigraphy was confirmed, substantiating their complementary nature. Bronchogenic carcinoma of the central airways was most frequent among the hilar masses. Masses as well as other involvement of the bronchovascular structures of the hilum on conventional tomography were confirmed by the gallium-67 scan, and inhalation and perfusion scintigraphy. Some cases which simulated bronchogenic carcinoma were presented. Hilar masses without destruction of the bronchovascular structures showed normal inhalation and perfusion scintigrams with positive gallium-67 accumulation. These lesions were metastatic cancer, malignant lymphoma, and sarcoidosis. If these diseases involve the airways and the vessels of the hilum, differentiation from bronchogenic carcinoma may naturally be difficult. PMID- 1106228 TI - Ileocolonic perforation. A complication following renal transplantation. AB - During the decade, February, 1965, through February, 1975, 248 patients underwent renal transplantation at the Duke Medical Center. One hundred twenty-five were living related recipients, while 123 were cadaveric recipients. Eleven patients developed ileocolonic perforation. Six cases were felt to represent non immunologic etiologies while the remaining 5 were felt to be associated with the allograft response and high dose steroid therapy. Only 3 of the patients survived this complication and in each case the perforation was localized. High dose steroid therapy interferes with prompt diagnosis and severely impairs successful treatment. Radiologists must be familiar with the problem of ileocolonic perforation in patients on steroid therapy, must have a high index of suspicion of the site of perforation, and must recommend and complete water soluble contrast examination for establishment of the diagnosis. Early diagnosis, prompt surgical intervention, and discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy are recommended. PMID- 1106229 TI - Chemosuppressive field trials in Thailand. II. The suppression of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasitemias by a diformyldapsone-pyrimethamine combination. AB - In an area of Thailand where chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria is known to exist, a chemosuppressive field trial was undertaken to test the efficacy of the preparation diformyldapsone (DFD) combined with pyrimethamine (Py) in suppressing falciparum and vivax parasitemias. Six hundred and fifty-nine Thai villagers were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups: DFD-Py; dapsone (DDS)-Py; DFD alone; Py alone; and placebo. Five hundred and ninety-three study subjects completed the 26-week trial. The combination DFD-Py given weekly was shown to be an effective chemosuppressive against both falciparum and vivax parasitmias, causing a more than fourfold reduction in falciparum and an approximately threefold reduction in vivax parasitemias; however, this combination was not more efficacious than DDS-Py for the chemosuppression of falciparum malaria. DFD alone was only moderately effective, while there was no difference in chemosuppression between Py alone and placebo. PMID- 1106230 TI - Bilateral pleural effusions with Plasmodium falciparum infection. PMID- 1106231 TI - Intramuscular immunization of mice with irradiated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Enhancement of protection with albumin. PMID- 1106232 TI - Dapsone metabolism in patients with dapsone-resistant leprosy. PMID- 1106233 TI - Isolation of La Crosse virus (California encephalitis group) from the chipmunk (Tamias striatus), an amplifier host. AB - La Crosse (LAC) virus was isolated from the blood of seven chipmunks (Tamias striatus) captured during the summer of 1970 in southwestern Wisconsin. With the exception of the original isolate obtained from human brain after fatal encephalitis, these represent the first known isolations of LAC virus from a naturally infected free-living vertebrate. The chipmunks were trapped and periodically recaptured in two study areas where 59 chipmunks became infected and developed neutralizing antibody during the summer cycle of virus transmission. All isolates were obtained from blood samples collected within a 7 week period between 11 July and 23 August, and all were from seronegative chipmunks; 6 of these were recaptured and found to be seropositive 2 to 3 weeks later. The isolates proved identical to each other in comparative micro-neutralization tests using BHK21 cell cultures and immune chipmunk serum or hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluids. Neutralization tests showed the isolates to be different from snowshoe hare, trivittatus, and Jamestown Canyon prototype virus strains but indistinguishable from the LAC prototype. Findings demonstrate multiplication and transmissibility of LAC virus in a naturally infected host and are consistent with the thesis that chipmunks are important amplifying hosts for LAC virus and that Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes serve as vectors in transmitting their infections. Ecological significance of the findings are discussed in regard to current perspectives. PMID- 1106234 TI - William Douglas Holden: surgical Socrates. PMID- 1106235 TI - William Holden: medical statesman. PMID- 1106236 TI - The multiple hats of William Holden. PMID- 1106237 TI - With affection and gratitude. PMID- 1106238 TI - Teacher and friend. PMID- 1106239 TI - Arete. PMID- 1106240 TI - Thirteen year experience with ileal loop diversion in children with myelodysplasia. PMID- 1106241 TI - Common symptoms in children: routine illness or abdominal lymphoma. PMID- 1106242 TI - Pathophysiologic considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency. PMID- 1106243 TI - Evolution of quantitative bacteriology in wound management. PMID- 1106244 TI - Thyroid irradiation and carcinogenesis. Review with assessment of clinical implications. PMID- 1106245 TI - Sacrococcygeal teratomas. Analysis of forty-three cases. PMID- 1106246 TI - Prevention and management of contractures in patients with burns of the neck. AB - Two hundred patients with neck burns were analyzed to determine the incidence of contractures. It was found that only 8 per cent of patients with second degree burns had contractures, all of which were mild. Both the overall incidence of cervical contractures in patients with third degree neck burns and their severity can be decreased by the use of a custom-formed isoprene splint. Splinting should begin as soon as possible after the burn and continue until scar maturation is complete. PMID- 1106247 TI - Automatic staple suturing for gastrointestinal surgery. PMID- 1106248 TI - [Selection of a method of surgical treatment of patients over 50 years of age with uterine prolapse]. PMID- 1106250 TI - Contraception: past, present and future. PMID- 1106249 TI - [Evaluation of the quality of uterine suture after cesarean section (experimental study)]. PMID- 1106251 TI - William Beaumont: peripatetic army surgeon and pioneer American physiologist. PMID- 1106252 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of epithelia prepared by blunt dissection. AB - Simple dissection techniques of samples to be examined in the scanning electron microscope allow one to visualize easily the three-dimensional shape of epithelial cells in situ. Such preparations reveal a complex system of ridges and folds on the lateral surface of the cells whose intricacy can best be appreciated with SEM. In many epithelia there is a smooth apical band which corresponds to the region occupied by the junctional complex previously identified with conventional EM techniques. The secretion of chylomicra that result from a fatty meal can be observed. It is possible to study the distribution of concanavalin A binding sites on the lateral surfaces of the cells utilizing hemocyanin as a marker. In the case of the proximal tubule epithelium, the apical cell surface has many more binding sites than the lateral cell surface and there is a sharp demarcation at the level of the apical band. After blunt dissection the relationship of the basal surface of the cells with the basement lamina and the basement membrane can be appreciated as well. Possible physiological meaning of the morphological features observed is briefly discussed. PMID- 1106253 TI - Diagnosis of pneumothorax complicating mechanical ventilation. AB - Pneumothorax developed in 4 patients as a complication of mechanical ventilation and the manifestations were different in each case. The first patient had had a previous pneumomediastinum with symptoms of chest pain and rise in blood pressure. The second became restless and "fought" the ventilator. The third had pneumothorax previously and developed tachycardia and arrhythmias, and the level of end-expiratory pressure in the manometer of the ventilator rose above the present level. In the fourth patient, subcutaneous and submucous emphysema were apparent before pneumothorax was diagnosed. Pneumothorax was diagnosed promptly in all these patients, permitting adequate management without additional complications. PMID- 1106254 TI - The effect of repeated doses of succinylcholine on serum potsssium in patients with renal failure. AB - The effect of 1 mg/kg of succinylcholine IV in repeated doses on serum potassium (K+) was studied in 11 patients with renal failure. Increases in K+ did not differ from those seen in patients with normal kidney function, the largest increase being 0.6 mEq/L. The authors conclude that succinylcholine administered repeatedly at this dosage is not contraindicated in patients with renal failure. PMID- 1106255 TI - Yandell Henderson (1873-1944). PMID- 1106256 TI - The Fourteenth Annual Baxter-Travenol Lecture. PMID- 1106257 TI - Eleventh Annual Becton, Dickinson and Company Oscar Schwidetzky Memorial Lecture. PMID- 1106258 TI - CPAP and PEEP -- a perspective. PMID- 1106259 TI - Letter: Closing capacity during CPAP. PMID- 1106260 TI - Relationship of B blood group locus to skin allograft in chickens. AB - Skin grafts were exchanged among 21 genotypic pairs of B blood group locus in the non-inbred chicks of White Leghorn at 5-7 days of age. The mean percentages of B locus compatible pairs were 94.7, 84.2 and 56.8 at the 11th, 15th and 19th days after grafting, respectively. These percentages of survival grafts were significantly higher than those of incompatible pairs. The effects of three B alleles were investigated but the differences of effects of them were not found in this experiment. Two of the prolonged survival grafts survived for 35 days after grafting and all of the incompatible grafts were rejected the 20th day after grafting. The results of skin graft provided evidence that the B blood group locus was a histocompatibility locus or closely linked to such a locus. PMID- 1106261 TI - Effects of stimuli emanating from the nest on the reproductive cycle in the ring dove. I: pre-laying behaviour. AB - The course of several behavioural patterns could be influenced by controlling the state of the nest available to a pair of ring doves (Streptopelia risoria). These patterns were: wing-flipping, handling of nesting material, nest bowl occupancy, and nervous activities. In groups having to build nests, the onset of wing flipping by the female occurred at a predictable time before egg-laying. It is argued that during nest-building a female influences the male to carry material to her by sitting in the nest bowl and wing-flipping. In pairs provided with a completed nest, the course of the pre-laying cycle was changed and the 'typical' sex roles did not emerge. The relationships between the male and female are discussed. PMID- 1106262 TI - The effect of immune milk as a treatment for ragweed pollinosis. AB - The effect of treating ragweed hay fever with oral hyperimmune milk globulin was evaluated in a double-blind study. Thirteen matched patient pairs were treated with capsules containing either specific protein isolated from the colostrum of cows that had been hyperimmunized with fall pollen allergens or with placebo. The results suggest that immune milk treatment did not alter IgE antibody response after pollen exposure; neither was immune milk markedly better than placebo in controlling symptoms. PMID- 1106263 TI - In memoriam. Grace Talbott-Bovill, M.D. 1898-1975. PMID- 1106265 TI - [Assay of metabolites using enzymic isotope dilution kinetics methods]. PMID- 1106264 TI - [Demonstration by direct immunofluorescence of intracellular immunoglobulins on sections of tissues fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraplast]. AB - Sections obtained from lymphoid tissues fixed immediately after biopsy in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraplast may be used to visualize the immunosecretory cells with classical direct immunofluorescence. A comparative study of the same fragments processed according to the frozen section method followed by acetone fixation or according to Sainte-Marie's method confirms the value and the advantages of the proposed technique. Early fixation of thin fragments seems to be the main point. PMID- 1106267 TI - Editorial: Getting our message across. PMID- 1106266 TI - [Microassay of adenine by an enzymatic isotope dilution kinetics method]. AB - Owing to the very low levels of adenine in the intracellular and extracellular compartments and its low excretion by the kidney, no method of estimation was, until now, sufficiently specific and sensitive to determine precisely quantities of the order of 1 nanomole. The method of "isotopic enzymatic kinetic dilution" proposed by Newsholme et Taylor, has been used. The kinetic conditions of the reaction catalysed by adenine-phosphoribosyltransferase are favourable, [in particular KM (adenine) is very low, about 2.1(-6) M] and are not very sensitive to the action of other effectors. The technique proposed permits one to determine quantities of adenine between 0.05 and 1.2 nmole, i.e. 0.007 to 0.16 mug, with a precision of about 5 p. cent. Easy to carry out, it is useful in large series. Normal values in man of adenine thus measured (15 adult subjects) were as follows: Plasma: 1.13 +/- 0.41 nmoles.ml(-1), i.e. 0.152 +/-0 0.055 mug.ml(-1). Red cells: 3.65 +/- 0.87 nmoles.ml(-1), i.e. 0.493 +/- 0.117 mug.ml(-1). Urine (24 hour excretion): 11.41 +/- 1.24 mumoles, i.e. 1.54 +/- 0.17 mg. PMID- 1106268 TI - Nurse puts assertive foot forward to change image (Marilyn Poland). PMID- 1106269 TI - Nightingale letter to Alice Fisher in Philadelphia. PMID- 1106270 TI - 30 years of nursing history at Atlantic City Conventions, 1946-1976. PMID- 1106271 TI - History of amblyopia and its treatment. Fifth annual Richard C. Scobee Memorial Lecture. PMID- 1106272 TI - In memoriam: Herman M. Burian, 1906-1974. PMID- 1106273 TI - Mental retardation: past, present, and future. PMID- 1106274 TI - Therapeutic approaches to children in residential treatment. Changes from the mid 1950s to the mid-1970s. PMID- 1106275 TI - General anesthesia and the lung. AB - In this review, an attempt has been made to select, evaluate, and interpret the pertinent literature relative to general anesthesia and the lung. Concepts of intrapulmonary gas exchange and respiratory system mechanics were synthesized, emphasizing the importance of changes in intrapulmonary gas distribution that are induced by general anesthesia and exploring the possible underlying mechanisms of these changes. The area of control mechanisms and the effects of anesthesia on respiratory regulation were not discussed, nor was the distribution of pulmonary blood flow examined. The following general conclusions can be reached: (1) impaired gas exchange occurs during general anesthesia, with both impaired oxygenation and CO2 elimination; (2) increased venous admixture and increased alveolar dead space impair gas exchange; (3) the distribution of ventilation is changed during general anesthesia, and this change is related to a decrease in FRC in the recumbent positions and to altered chest-wall mechanics. Numerous questions regarding the effect of anesthesia on the lung remain unanswered. The close relationship between advances in pulmonary physiology and the pulmonary effects of anesthetic actions is increasingly apparent, as is the importance of this knowledge in applying mechanical ventilation and end-expiratory pressure to patients with pulmonary disease. PMID- 1106276 TI - . . . the soul of wit. PMID- 1106277 TI - Azathioprine plus prednisone compared with prednisone alone in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a prospective controlled trial in 24 patients. AB - A prospective, randomized drug trial compared prednisone (60 mg per day initially) to azathioprine (3 to 4 mg/kg of body weight - day initially) plus prednisone in 24 patients with life-threatening systemic lupus erythematosus. Each group contained patients matched for age, sex, disease duration, previous therapy, and clinical and laboratory features of lupus erythematosus. During a mean follow-up period of 18 to 24 months, there were no significant differences between the two groups in number of deaths, renal or extrarenal manifestations of disease, serum complement levels, DNA antibodies, antinuclear antibody titers, lupus erythematosus cells, or Coombs' antibodies. There was no convincing evidence of a steroid-sparing effect of azathioprine. Side effects attributable to steroids were equally common in both groups; infections were not increased in the combination therapy group. Azathioprine was hepatotoxic in doses of 200 mg daily or more. Azathioprine was not a useful adjunct to corticosterolds in short term therapy of a small number of patients with severe systemic lupus. PMID- 1106278 TI - Cyclophosphamide or azathioprine in lupus glomerulonephritis. A controlled trial: results at 28 months. AB - Thirty-eight patients with diffuse glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus were randomly assigned to add cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or nothing to low-dose corticosteroid treatment and have been followed for a mean of 21/3 years thereafter. Of the 11 patients with unfavorable outcomes (8 deaths and 2 beginning hemodialyses), 2 occurred on cyclophosphamide, 4 on azathioprine, and 5 on prednisone only. Deaths due to infection occurred on the cytotoxics, while deaths ascribed to central nervous system lupus erythematosus occurred exclusively on prednisone only. Gradual deterioration of renal function was observed in all three groups, most frequently on prednisone only. Undesirable events, some due to drugs, were observed. At the time of reporting, the cytotoxic agents seemed to add marginally to the control of the disease; other treatment schedules should be evaluated. PMID- 1106279 TI - Renal transplantation in multiple myeloma. A case report. AB - A patient with plasma cell myeloma presented in severe renal failure but was otherwise considered a good risk candidate for chemotherapy. Supported by hemodialysis she received intensive cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, resulting in a stabilization of all overt manifestations of her disease except for the renal failure. After 11 1/2 months of follow-up without showing any further progression of the myeloma process, she received a successful cadaveric renal transplant, which functioned well until the time of her death 15 months later. No evidence of recurrent myeloma kidney disease was found at postmortem examination. PMID- 1106280 TI - Letter: Serratia vertebral osteomyelitis in narcotic addicts. PMID- 1106281 TI - Letter: The use of ampicillin in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 1106282 TI - Prevention of nosocomial viral hepatitis, type B (hepatitis B). AB - Nosocomial viral hepatitis, type B, is assuming increasing importance in the United States. The keystone to an effective hepatitis control program is surveillance of patients and personnel, especially in high-risk areas, namely dialysis units, hematology-oncology units, and laboratories. Measures to control infection are outlined for specific areas of the hospital. Data currently available suggest that employees who have persisting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) need not be removed from their positions unless they have been proved to disseminate infection. Future investigations should include methods to study: [a] the mechanisms of nonpercutaneous spread of hepatitis B virus, [b] the role of the individual with persisting HBSAg in the dissemination of hepatitis B virus, [c] the efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin in high-risk areas, and [d] the effectiveness of various chemical and physical procedures in use for inactivation of hepatitis B virus using animal model systems. PMID- 1106283 TI - The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. New concepts. AB - Although new tests for syphilis, as well as new applications of standard tests, continue to appear, the usefulness of several of these procedures has not been determined. When the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption (FTA-ABS) test is used to screen for syphilis, the proportion of positive results that are true positives decreases. The value of modified FTA tests in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis and congenital syphilis remains unproved. Although not studied as extensively as the standard tests, several newer methods--the direct fluorescent antibody test for Treponema pallidum (DFATP), the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) card test, and the microhemagglutination test for T. pallidum (MHA-TP)--may have certain advantages. To be of optimal diagnostic value, tests for syphilis must be selected according to the clinical situation. PMID- 1106284 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria: clinical and selected research aspects. AB - Acute intermittent porphyria is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by the excretion of excess porphyrin precursors (porphobilinogen and usually delta aminolevulinic acid) in the urine, and by sporadic attacks of neurologic dysfunction. The disease is complex, involving variable patterns of autonomic and peripheral neuropathy as well as the central nervous system manifestations. There may be alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, water, and electrolyte metabolism in addition to clinically inapparent endocrine abnormalities. The fundamental defect is thought to be a 50% decrease of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, the third enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway. This is associated with a marked increase of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the first and rate controlling enzyme of the pathway. The measurement of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase in erythrocytes now provides an enzyme diagnostic test for the disease. Two therapeutic approaches that may prove to reverse the fundamental disease process, at least in some patients, involve [1] a high carbohydrate intake, and [2] intravenous administration of hematin. The latter, only recently introduced, is now being investigated. PMID- 1106285 TI - Immunologic benefits and hazards of milk in maternal-perinatal relationship. AB - Aside from nutritional significance, milk affords infant mammals immunologic benefits. However, it is not without immunologically based hazards. These stem from its antigenicity and the fact that in certain species that receive their maternal immunologic endowment postpartum, hemolytic disease of the newborn may be mediated by colostral antibodies. Awareness that viable leukocytes are ingredients of colostrum and milk has stimulated interest in the significance of these cells. Skin grafting tests on foster-nursed rats and mice have given circumstantial evidence that, in these species, leukocytes may be transmitted naturally from the mother's blood stream to the suckling's blood stream through the milk, and that these cells may be beneficial (adoptive immunization) or, in some genetic contexts, harmful (initiating graft-versus-host disease). In man, too, studies on necrotizing enteritis and other disease provide increasing support for the thesis that leukocytes in milk fulfill a protective function, possibly as a consequence of their "natural" transplantation. PMID- 1106286 TI - The remarkable Dr. Abildgaard and countershock. The bicentennial of his electrical experiments on animals. AB - In 1775 Peter Christian Abildgaard, a Danish veterinarian and physician, conducted experiments on electrical countershock on animals. He succeeded in first rendering fowl lifeless by an electric shock and then reviving them by a countershock applied to the chest. Ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation were not known and could not be documented at that early date, but his report suggests he accomplished these changes long before other physiologists described them. Dr. Abildgaard's long and varied career included many significant contributions to veterinary and human medicine, biology, zoology, botany, physics, chemistry, and mineralogy. He also took an interest and was active in politics, economics, and community affairs. This short biography is intended as a fitting, though belated, tribute to his pioneer work on effects of electric shock. PMID- 1106287 TI - Public health considerations in the management of meningococcal disease. AB - We discuss chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of cases, the current status and use of meningococcal vaccine, and the role of surveillance of household contacts. Available data on secondary attack rates strongly support the need for chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of meningococcal disease cases. Until the current difficulties with side reactions to minocycline are resolved, we recommend the use of rifampin. Surveillance of household contacts alone is an untested, generally impractical, and probably ineffective method of preventing secondary cases of meningococcal disease, although it may have some effect in preventing death by encouraging prompt and appropriate treatment of cases. We recommend the use of serogroups A or C vaccine, or both, in populations experiencing an epidemic of serogroups A or C meningococcal disease. The use of serogroups A or C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines should also be considered, along with chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of sporadic cases due to either of these organisms. PMID- 1106288 TI - Letter: "Band" test in connective tissue disease. PMID- 1106289 TI - Management of type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Evaluation of practical clinical approaches. AB - A lipid intervention clinic screened 4000 employees (89% participation) and identified 150 type IV subjects (top 5 percentile triglyceride values, 100% initial participation, 6% drop out). The 150 healthy type IV subjects, ages 20 to 49, were randomly divided into treatment subgroups: A, treatment by clinic nutritionist and physician with the National Heart and Lung Institute's type IV diet for 6 weeks, then diet plus clofibrate for 18 weeks; B, same treatment by private physician; C, no intervention for 24 weeks, subjects advised of abnormality. The group A mean fasting serum triglyceride of 407 mg/dl declined 50% at 6 weeks, 61% at 12 weeks, and was unchanged at 24 weeks (P less than 0.0005 at 6, 12, 24 weeks). Group B triglyceride decreased 42%, 50%, 41% (P less than 0.0005 at 6, 12, 24 weeks). Group C triglyceride declined 20%, 1st to 24th week. Body weight decreased 8% (A) and 4% (B) at 6 weeks (P less than 0.0005) and was unchanged at 24 weeks. The maximum cholesterol decrease (A) was 11% (P less than 0.0005). Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia can readily be identified in a working population; treatment by clinic or private physician will markedly lower fasting serum triglyceride values in apparently healthy type IV subjects for at least 24 weeks. PMID- 1106290 TI - Serratia marcescens endocarditis: a regional illness associated with intravenous drug abuse. AB - From 1969 to 1974, 19 cases of Serratia marcescens endocarditis were observed in the San Francisco Bay Area. Seventeen patients were intravenous drug users, and Serratia caused 14% of all addict-associated endocarditis in San Francisco. Serratia strains were nonpigmented and had typical antibiotic sensitivities, except that 9 of the isolates exhibited colonial variation, with each variant having different antibiotic sensitivities. Aortic or mitral valves were involved in 13 patients, and heart failure developed in 9 of these. Twelve patients had embolic episodes to brain, iliofemoral arteries, or lung. Five of 6 patients with tricuspid valvulitis were cured by antibiotics either with (1) or without excision of the valve. All 12 patients with aortic or mitral valvulitis treated medically died; 11 had unremitting sepsis. Aortic valve replacement and antibiotics were effective in 1. Gentamicin combined with either carbenicillin or chloramphenicol was the most effective treatment regimen. PMID- 1106291 TI - Dermatomyositis and malignancy. A review of the literature. AB - Although there appears to be an increased incidence of malignancy among patients with dermatomyositis, demonstration of definitive statistical significance is precluded by the lack of large, controlled series. Patients with the two diseases tend to be older than the general dermatomyositis population and younger than those with cancer alone; and there is a preponderance of female patients. Tumors of the ovary and stomach are more frequently observed than in the general population, while colorectal malignancies are underrepresented. Most reported cases show development of the diseases within a year of one another, and, in some patients, the course of the myopathy follows that of the tumor. No definitive cause for the myopathy in these patients has been established. PMID- 1106292 TI - Mammography: a contrary view. AB - Experimental and clinical data on mammography as a tool for population screening are reviewed. The conclusions are that [1] there is good evidence that annual history, physical examination, and mammography can reduce short-term and midrange breast cancer mortality by about one third; [2] the evidence that mammography alone plays a significant role in this reduction is weak and indirect; [4] data on long-term effects of mammography are lacking; [4] no satisfactory investigations of associated radiation hazards have been published; and [5] the possible benefits of mammography have received more emphasis in the clinical literature than have its defects. Promotion of mammography as a general public health measure is premature. PMID- 1106293 TI - [Genetic map and structure in "Escherichia coli" K12 of a resistance plasmid isolated from "Salmonella ordonez" (author's transl)]. AB - A resistance plasmid called R IP173 has been transferred into E. coli K12 from a multiresistant strain of S. ordonez isolated during an epidemic in Dakar. This plasmid mediates for colicine Ib production and resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and sulfonamides. It is transducible "en bloc" by the phage P1-kc between strains of E. coli K12. Compatibility studies have shown that R IP173 belongs to the fi- class, I1 group. It is transferred "en bloc" in conjugation experiments between E. coli K12 strains. But during transfers from S. ordonez into E. coli, incomplete variants are obtained, lacking different markers. A deletion map was obtained after analysis of 19 different variants, and it is suggested that the loss of markers results from the loss of genetic material during transfer. In this particular case, the deletions observed in transduction or conjugation experiments lead to identical genetic maps. PMID- 1106294 TI - The isolation and characterization of a strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis measles-related virus. AB - The isolation of a measles-like virus in CV-1 cell cultures from a biopsy specimen obtained from a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is reported. Evidence of the presence of cell-free virus was obtained from the fifth cell culture passage of the isolated virus. The virus was identified as measles related by standard immune sera. IF study did not show relevant differences between the isolated virus and the Edmonston strain of measles virus, even though the proportion of cells showing nuclear antigen was higher following the infection with the isolated virus than with the Edmonston strain. Electron microscopy study failed to demonstrate viral structures in the cells from the brain biopsy, while numerous large aggregates of nucleocapsids were found in the cytoplasm of infected cells observed on the third and fourth passage in tissue culture. The neuropathogenicity assay carried out on newborn hamsters, rats and mice using a suspension of disrupted infected cells did not show any clinical pathological effect due to the SSPE strain. These results are partially in contrast with previous findings which indicate relevant differences in the morphology and pathogenicity of SSPE derived strains as compared to reference measles virus. PMID- 1106295 TI - Distribution of ascorbic acid, metabolites and analogues in man and animals. PMID- 1106296 TI - Blocking the formation of N-nitroso compounds with ascorbic acid in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 1106297 TI - Synthesis and some major functions of vitamin C in animals. PMID- 1106298 TI - Alteration in human granulocyte function after in vitro incubation with L ascorbic acid. PMID- 1106299 TI - Clinical pharmacological aspects of ascorbic acid. PMID- 1106301 TI - Large-scale trials of vitamin C. PMID- 1106300 TI - Relationships of protein and mineral intake to L-ascorbic acid metabolism, including considerations of some directly related hormones. PMID- 1106302 TI - A controlled clinical trial of ascorbic acid for the common cold. PMID- 1106303 TI - Vitamin C and upper respiratory illness in Navaho children: preliminary observations (1974). PMID- 1106304 TI - Ascorbic acid function and metabolism during colds. PMID- 1106305 TI - Biosynthesis and metabolism of ascorbic acid in plants. PMID- 1106306 TI - Repair of corneal lacerations. PMID- 1106307 TI - Frey's syndrome-a technical remedy. AB - The symptoms of Frey's syndrome are occasionally of sufficient magnitude to warrant curative treatment. In four patients, a fascia lata graft was placed under the involved skin in an attempt to offer permanent relief from the cutaneous discomfort suffered during eating. Two of these patients have excellent long-term results. The other two patients were lost to long-term follow-up but were asymptomatic several months following grafting. PMID- 1106308 TI - Injuries to the neonatal larynx from long-term endotracheal tube intubation and suggested tube modification for prevention. AB - Since the early 1960's nasotracheal tubes have been used for neonates with primary respiratory diseases which necessitated positive pressure ventilation. This therapy may be required for extended periods of weeks to months meaning prolonged trauma to the neonatal larynx. The initial injury and long-term effects of the endotracheal tube in this age group have not been adequately investigated. The acute findings can be arytenoid and posterior commissure ulcerations and, in some cases, cartilage erosion. Long-term follow-up in these children to age 3.5 years showed a persistent arytenoid defect with chronic hoarseness. The consideration of a change in the structure of the endotracheal tube is suggested as a possible means of avoiding these injuries. PMID- 1106309 TI - Closing the gate to pain. PMID- 1106310 TI - Letters from the past from John Hunter to Edward Jenner. PMID- 1106311 TI - The effect of different modes of artificial ventilation and of some prophylactic means on the incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. AB - The occurrence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was studied in 209 elective surgery patients aged 40 years or over. Most of the operations were cholecystectomies or other major abdominal operations. In the detection of thrombosis the 125I-fibrinogen method was used. Of 209 patients, 51 (24.4%) developed postoperative DVT and of these 10 developed thrombosis in both legs. In 36% of the DVT cases the process started during the operation or on the first postoperative day. Clinical signs of DVT did not agree with the 125I-fibrinogen test very well, whereas the correlation of the 125I-fibrinogen test with phlebography was good: of the 17 patients with a postive 125I-fibrinogen test in whom a phlebography was done, the latter method revealed thrombosis in 14 patients (82.4%). The main purpose of the study was to determine whether the mode of mechanical ventilation used during anaesthesia has any effect on the occurrence of postoperative DVT. One hundred and nine patients received intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), whereas in 100 patients the intrathoracic pressure was decreased by applying intermittent positive-negative ( -5 cmH2O) pressure ventilation (IPNPV). Ventilation was standardized in both groups by keeping the end-tidal CO2% at a constant level. Inspired oxygen concentration was the same in every patient. The decreasing effect of IPNPV on intrathoracic pressure and central venous pressure as compared with IPPV was confirmed in preliminary studies. PMID- 1106312 TI - [Immediate and later results of surgical treatment of dyskinesis, of coronary origin, of the walls of the left ventricle (97 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106313 TI - [Hypertensive crises during surgery for coronary insufficiency. Prevention by the use of diazepam (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106314 TI - [Preservation of the lung for 2 and 24 hours, followed by delayed experimental autograft (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106315 TI - [The surgical cure of aneurysms of the brachio-cephalic arterial trunk (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106316 TI - History of spleen surgery. PMID- 1106317 TI - Methods of autotransfusion. PMID- 1106318 TI - Influence of coliform source on evaluation of membrane filters. AB - Four brands of membrane filters were examined for total and fecal coliform recovery performance by two experimental approaches. Using diluted EC broth cultures of water samples, Johns-Manville filters were superior to Sartorius filters for fecal coliform but equivalent for total coliform recovery. Using river water samples, Johns-Manville filters were superior to Sartorius filters for total coliform but equivalent for fecal coliform recovery. No differences were observed between Johns-Manville and Millipore or Millipore and Sartorius filters for total or fecal coliform recoveries using either approach, nor was any difference observed between Millipore and Gelman filters for fecal coliform recovery from river water samples. These results indicate that the source of the coliform bacteria has an important influence on the conclusions of membrane filter evaluation studies. PMID- 1106319 TI - Dection of salmonellae in the environment. AB - The incidence of salmonellae in contrasting environments was compared in this study. Samples collected from or near surface waters in a lush hardwood forest yielded four salmonellae serotypes from six culturally positive samples. A total of 76 samples collected from the top of a granite outcropping over a 3-month period yielded 10 positive samples. Only two salmonellae serotypes were isolated, and one of these was isolated only once. The nature of the sample material had no significant effect on the detection of salmonellae from the two sampling sites. However, the presence or absence of visible moisture in the sample significantly affected the recovery of salmonellae. The results showed that even a harsh environment such as that found on top of Stone Moutain may serve as an ecological niche for the survival and transmission of salmonellae. PMID- 1106320 TI - Effect of added iron on the formation of clostridial inhibitors. AB - Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum by nitrite was potentiated by the addition of Fe(II) or Fe(III) to the culture medium. The effect of iron was more pronounced when nitrite was added after autoclaving. PMID- 1106321 TI - Method for collecting naturally occurring airborne bacterial spores for determining their thermal resistance. AB - The ability to determine the thermal resistance of naturally occurring airborne bacterial spores associated with spacecraft and their assembly areas has been hindered by lack of an effective collecting system. Efforts to collect and concentrate spores with air samplers or from air filters have not been successful. A fallout method was developed for this purpose and tested. Sterile Teflon ribbons (7.6 by 183 cm) were exposed in pertinent spacecraft assembly areas and subsequently treated with dry heat. Thermal inactivation experiments were conducted at 125 and 113 C. Heating intervals ranged from 1 to 12 h at 125 C and 6, 12, 18, and 24 h at 113 C. Eight hours was the longest heating time yielding survivors at 125 C, whereas survivors were recovered at all of the heating intervals at 113 C. D125C values were calculated using the fractional replicate-unit-negative technique of Pflug and Schmidt (1968) and ranged from 25 to 126 min. This variation indicated that the most probable number of survivors at each heating interval did not fall on a straight line passing through the initial spore population. However, the most-probable-number values taken alone formed a straight line suggesting logarithmic thermal destruction of a subpopulation of spores with a D125C value of 6.3 h. PMID- 1106322 TI - Effect of physical parameters on the in situ survival of Escherichia coli MC-6 in an estuarine environment. AB - Survival of Escherichia coli MC-6 of fecal origin in an estuarine environment as affected by time, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and montmorillonite in diffusion chambers has been elucidated. Several in situ physical parameters were recorded simultaneously, and viable cell numbers were estimated. The survival of the bacteria varied seasonally. Montmorillonite addition extended the time needed for a 50% reduction of the viable cell population (t1/2) of cells by 40% over the t1/2 of cells in Rhode River water alone. The effect of this clay was not significantly greater between 50- to 1,000 mug/ml montmorillonite concentrations. In all experiments, the relationships among pairs of variables were studied by regression and correlation analysis. The slope between viable cell numbers and water temperatures increased about 50% for each 10 C increment in temperature and gave a correlation coefficient r = 0.617, significant at 95% confidence level. A similar correlation coefficient, r = 0.670, was obtained between water temperature and t1/2 of the initial cell population. In all experiments regressions were performed considering all variables after bacteria had been in the Rhode River environment for 3 days. Coefficient of multiple determination was estimated as R2 = 0.756. Approximately 75.6% of the variance of viable cell numbers can be explained by variation in water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Simple correlation coefficients within the regression steps were also computed. Survival of bacteria was closely and negatively correlated with increasing water temperature (r = 0.717). It is suggested that water temperature is the most important factor in predicting fecal coliform survival from point and nonpoint sources in assessing water quality in an estuarine ecosystem. PMID- 1106323 TI - Low-temperature irradiation of beef and methods of evaluation of radappertization process. AB - An inoculated, irradiated beef pack (1,240 cans) was conducted for the determination of microbiological safety for unrestricted human consumption. Each can contained a mixture of 10(6) spores of each of 10 strains of Clostridium botulinum (5 type A and 5 type B), or a total of 10(7) spores/can. The cans were irradiated to various doses (100 cans/dose) with 60Co gamma rays at -30 +/- 10 C, incubated at 30 +/- 2 C for 6 months, and examined for swelling, toxicity, and recoverable botulinal cells. The minimal experimental sterilizing dose based on nonswollen, nontoxic sterile cans were 2.2 less than experimental sterilizing dose based on nonswollen, nontoxic sterile cans was 2.2 less than experimental sterilizing dose less than or equal to 2.6 Mrad. Using recoverable cells as the most stringent criterion of spoilage, and assuming the conventional simple exponential (without an initial shoulder) rate of spore kill, the "12D" dose was 3.7 Mrad when estimated on the basis of mixture of 10 strains totaling 10(7) spores/can, and 4.3 Mrad if it is assumed that each can of beef contained 10(6) spores of a single most resistant strain and all of these spores were of identical resistances. However, an analysis of the data by extreme value statistics indicated with 90% confidence that the spore death rate was not a simple exponential but might be a shifted exponential (with an initial shoulder), Weibull, lognormal, or normal, with a "12D" equivalent of about 3.0 Mrad regardless of the initial spore density per can. There was an apparent antagonism between the irradiated type A and B strains in the cans. Some of the cans contained type B toxin but did not include type B viable cells. Other cans had a mixture of type A and B toxins, but a large number of these cans did not yield recoverable type B cells. However, type A viable cells could always be demonstrated in those cans containing type A toxin. PMID- 1106324 TI - Development of a micromethod for identification of anaerobic bacteria. AB - A microprocedure was described for determining the carbohydrate fermentation patterns of 48 anaerobic bacteria at one time in microtiter plates. The cultures were transferred into agar-filled wells of microtiter plates with a replicator inside an anaerobic glove box. Fermentation was measured both with a colorimetric indicator and with a small pH electrode. The method was approximately 97% accurate. It would be most useful for laboratories that need to identify large numbers of anaerobes at one time. PMID- 1106325 TI - Micromethod for identification of anaerobic bacteria: design and operation of apparatus. AB - A replicator is described for transferring 48 bacterial cultures into separate wells of microtiter plates. The device was designed for determination of carbohydrate fermentation patterns of anaerobic bacteria but should be useful for other applications. A simple device for filling microtiter wells with media is also described. PMID- 1106326 TI - Evaluation of coli-count samplers for possible use in standard couting of total and fecal coliforms in recreational waters. AB - Millipore Coli-Count Samplers were used to enumerate colonies of laboratory cultureunts than standard membrane0filter procedures for both total and fecal coliforms. Althought the samplers are useful for semiquantitative analysis as indicated by the manufacturer, they are not suitable examinations of recreational waters. PMID- 1106327 TI - Enzymes of pentose biosynthesis. The quaternary structure and reacting form of transketolase from baker's yeast. PMID- 1106328 TI - The regulatory role of calcium in 25-hydroxycholecalciferol metabolism in chick kidney in vitro. PMID- 1106329 TI - Enzyme immobilization by adsorption on hydrophobic derivatives of cellulose and other hydrophilic materials. PMID- 1106330 TI - Erythema nodosum leprosum in a general hospital. AB - We report 32 patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). Twenty-two patients developed ENL before beginning chemotherapy. The recognition that ENL in the absence of chemotherapy is not an uncommon event is of importance, not simply as a fact in and of itself, but because this observation raises provocative questions when placed in the context of current ideas concerning ENL. ENL should be regarded as a manifestation of leprosy, not necessarily as a complication of its therapy. PMID- 1106331 TI - The treatment of genetic disorders. AB - Dermatologists see many patients with disorders that have an important but variable genetic component. Conditions caused by multifactorial inheritance, which account for many patients seen in dermatologic practice, have a strong environmental component in their cause and are generally the most responsive to therapy. Treatment is also possible for many conditions of dermatologic importance that are caused by mutant genes of large effect. At this time, there is little chance of treating the patient in the sense of genetic engineering, but some understanding of the theoretic basis for laboratory manipulation of DNA is a prerequisite to understanding the possible potential of new forms of therapy. PMID- 1106332 TI - Early neonatal hypocalcaemia. AB - In our hospital early neonatal hypocalcaemia is now the major cause of low serum calcium in the neonatal period. Over a 2-year period, only 2 cases of hypocalcaemic convulsions were seen in a total of 8700 deliveries, though 51 infants had early neonatal hypocalcaemia. All sick low birth-weight infants should have daily serum calcium estimations carried out. Calcium supplements should be considered if symptoms of hypocalcaemia are present. PMID- 1106333 TI - Hyperbilirubinaemia and bacterial infection in the newborn. A prospective study. AB - The incidence of bacterial infection associated with unexplained hyperbilirubinaemia was determined prospectively in 69 infants under 2 weeks of age. Blood and urine cultures were obtained from all patients, and 22 patients had their CSF cultured. Bacterial infection was documented in only 2 infants, who had asymptomatic Gram-negative urinary tract infection. PMID- 1106334 TI - Proceedings: Absence of islets of Langerhans in pancreas of a newborn. PMID- 1106335 TI - Letter: Monoparesis following CPAP. PMID- 1106336 TI - Immunofluorescent investigations in cutaneous vasculitis. I. Histotopical demonstration of complement/complement factors. AB - Using an indirect double layer immunofluorescence method, fresh skin lesions of 10 patients with different forms of cutaneous vasculitis were tested for the occurrence of complement-factors C1q (C1), alpha2D(C3) and beta1F (C5). In contrast to the irregularly found complement fixing immunoglobulins IgG and IgM, complement could be regularly seen bound to the cutaneous vessel walls; mostly the C3-factor alpha2D. C1q was demonstrable, combined with IgG and/or IgM only in 2 cases. In 5 patients there was a non-homogenous, roddy fluorescenece of the epidermal basal membrane zone and the cutaneous vessels, when alpha2D or beta1F were tested. Our findings suggest that the "alternate pathway" beginning with C3 activation is followed in most cases, whereas a typical "immune complex vasculitis" is obviously rare. The constant occurrence of complement in the cutaneous vessel walls of vascultis lesions is consistent with the known chemotactic and destructive role of complement factors in experimental models of angiitis, but it may not necessarily involve a specific immunological process. PMID- 1106337 TI - Antibody suppression by cadmium. AB - Mice exposed to subclinical doses of cadmium chloride for ten weeks and inoculated with antigen six weeks after discontinuance of exposure had a remarkable decrease in antibody-forming cells, particularly IgG. These results indicate that immunosuppression produced by environmental contaminants may persist for several months after exposure to the contaminant. PMID- 1106338 TI - Wound infections in renal transplant wounds: pathogenetic and prognostic factors. AB - The factors contributing to transplant wound infection, as well as those determining its outcome, have been reviewed in 27 transplant patients with wound infection. Unrelated cadaver kidneys, diabetes, urinary fistulas and wound hematomas are all factors predisposing to wound infection. Overall incidence of wound infection in this series was 6.1% (27/439). When infections secondary to known preventable causes (i.e. hematomas and fistulas) were excluded, the incidence of wound infection was only 1.6%. Furthermore, if diabetics and retransplanted patients were excluded, the incidence of wound infection in non diabetic patients who had their first transplant was only 0.7%. Perinephric infections are much more serious and carry a worse prognosis than superficial infections. Overall mortality of wound infections was 40% (8/27), most deaths being caused by sepsis from deep infection. Only three patients (11%) healed their wounds and saved their kidneys, whereas the rest of the survivors (15/18) healed their wounds but lost their kidneys. It is emphasized that prevention of hematomas and urinary fistulas is the most important measure in the prevention of transplant wound infection. PMID- 1106339 TI - Quantitative nitro blue tetrazolium test in febrile patients. Correlation with diagnosis and bacterial activity of leukocytes. AB - The quantitative nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) test did not show increased NBT reduction in bacterial infections as frequently as has been reported with the qualitative NBT test in untreated infections. Lower than normal values were seen in septic shock and bacterial endocarditis, and normal results were seen in most other bacterial infections. Increased NBT reduction was seen with reticulum cell sarcoma, Hodgkin disease, postoperative wound infections, and upper respiratory tract infections. Thus, the quantitative NBT was of little use in diagnosis of acute infections. The correlation between quantitative tests and tests of bactericidal capacity of leukocytes was poor. These data suggest that NBT reduction and bactericidal activity are dissociative events within phagocytes. Patients with low NBT results usually had bactericidal activity within normal limits. PMID- 1106340 TI - Letter: Chronic thrombocytopenia following gold therpay. PMID- 1106341 TI - Letter: Chronic thrombocytopenia following gold therapy. PMID- 1106342 TI - Sexual differentiation in Aspergillus nidulans: the requirement for manganese and its effect on alpha-1,3 glucan synthesis and degradation. AB - Aspergillus nidulans was grown on media with added amounts of manganese ranging from 0--2.5 muM. Manganese deficiency prevented cleistothecium development, although good vegetative growth was retained. Subsequent analysis of the mycelium produced under Mn2+ deficient growth revealed that alpha-1,3 glucan, the man carbon and energy source for fructification, was virtually absent from the cell wall. Several enzymes related to cell wall composition were investigated. Beta 1,3 glucanase, and very remarkably, alpha-1,3 glucanase reached about the same activity on the Mn2+ deficient and sufficient media, but amylase and protease were about 60 and 75% lower respectively on the Mn2+ deficient media and the correlation of these findings is discussed. PMID- 1106343 TI - Reduction of tetrathionate, trithionate and thiosulphate, and oxidation of sulphide in proteus mirabilis. AB - The reductase catalyzing the reduction of tetrathionate and thiosulphate in Proteus mirabilis is also concerned with the reduction of trithionate and the oxidation of sulphide. Tetrathionate is reduced to thiosulphate, thiosulphate to sulphite and sulphide, and trithionate is reduced to thiosulphate plus sulphite. The oxidation of sulphide in cell-free extracts proceeds most likely to polysulphanes or to elemental sulphur, depending on the conditions. The kinetics of the reduction of tetrathionate imply a simultaneous interaction of tetrathionate and thiosulphate on the reductase molecule. The reduction of tetrathionate is activated by thiosulphate causing a non-linear progress of this reaction. On the other hand the reduction of thiosulphate is completely blocked until tetrathionate has been depleted. The order of reduction in a mixture of thiosulphate and trithionate is imputed by the enzymatic constants of the reductase for both substrates. Therefore in cell-free extracts thiosulphate is reduced prior to trithionate and afterwards, when thiosulphate has been exhausted, trithionate and the produced thiosulphate are reduced simultaneously. Fast growing cells, however, reduce trithionate first since their intracellular redox potential is insufficiently low to permit the reduction of any thiosulphate. PMID- 1106344 TI - Growth of escherichia coli B/r/1 in a semi-continuous system designed for the synchronization of cell division. AB - Escherichia coli B/r/1 was grown under conditions of periodic feeding. Glucose, the only carbon source, was supplied at intervals longer than the generation time of the organism. Thus, each period of glucose availability was followed by a period of depletion. This process gave rise to two synchronous populations, one dividing shortly after a new supply of fresh medium and the other dividing at a later stage within the feeding cycle. Thymine incorporation experiments suggested that the double population emerged as the result of a discriminatory blockage of DNA replication. PMID- 1106345 TI - Production of gluconic acid and 2-ketogluconic acid by Klebsiella aerogenes NCTA 418. AB - 2-Ketogluconic acid and, to a lesser extent, gluconic acid were found to be major products of glucose catabolism by phosphate-limited cultures of Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418, and together accounted for up to 46% of the glucose carbon that was metabolized. Although the concentrations of both acids increased substantially at low growth rates, their specific rates of synthesis decreased markedly, ad did the proportion of glucose converted into these products. Determination of the affinity constant, for glucose, of phosphate-limited organisms showed it ot be not significantly different from that of glucose limited organisms (KS less than or equal to 50 muM), indicative of the phosphotransferase uptake system. And since these organisms possessed an active glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and had no detectable glucose dehydrogenase activity, it was concluded that gluconic acid and 2-keto-gluconic acid arose from their corresponding phosphorylated metabolites, and not directly from glucose. PMID- 1106346 TI - [Sensitivity of mastitis pathogens to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents]. AB - Sensitivity of mastitis bacteria to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. The author tested the following bacteria, isolated from milk: -2236 strains of streptococci (1384 of group B, 262 of group C, 62 of group D, 109 of E, 16 of F, 24 of G, 7 of H, 11 of K, 270 of L, 5 of M, 41 of N, 45 of P); 361 ungroupable streptococci; 18,481 CAMP-positve, 1,966 CAMP-negative beta-haemolytic streptococci; 5,403 CAMP-negative, non-haemolytic streptococci; 1,179 strains of staphylococci, 596 of coliforms, 477 Corynebacterium pyogenes. They were tested against penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, and some were also tested against Nifuzin, Suprazid and sulfadimidine. A high proportion of the streptococci, which were the dominant mastitis agents, was sensitive to penicillin: - 97.2% of group B, 99.2% of C, 96.3% of E, 99.6% of L, 98.7% of CAMP positive strains, 99.6% of beta-haemolytic strains. Only 20 strains of streptococci (0.08%) were resistent to penicillin. More than half were resistent to streptomycin (52.19%) while 44.38% showed decreased sensitivity. Nearly all streptococci (98.53%) were susceptible to chloramphenicol. With oxytetracycline most CAMP-positive (96.4%) and group B streptococci (95.4%) were sensitive, but only 53.4% of groups C, G and L and 31.4% of beta-haemolytic streptococci were. Sensitivity to Nifuzin, Suprazid and sulfadimidine was variable: the proportion of streptococci sensitive to each drug was 75.32%, 58.51% and 66.05%. During the ten year period of testing (1963 to 1972) the only evidence of an increase in resistance was with oxytetracycline, involving streptococci of groups N and P, the ungroupable strains and above all the beta-haemolytic strains. 82% of the staphylococci were sensitive to penicillin, 89.6% to streptomycin, 95.5% to chloramphenicol and 96.2% to oxytetracycline. Between 1963/66 and 1972 the proportion of strains showing reduced sensitivity to penicillin rose by 28.1%. With sulphonamides, 80.4% were sensitive to Suprazid and 80.6% to sulfadimidine, showing that these drugs were less effective in vitro than antibiotics. 92% of staphylococcal strains were sensitive to Nifuzin. Among coliform bacteria the dominant pattern was sensitivity to streptomycin (96%-, chloramphenicol (97.3%), oxytetracycline (88%), Nifuzin (95%), Suprazid (92%) and sulfadimidine (91.3%). The only change between 1963 and 1972 was a 14% increase in strains resistant to oxytetracacline. Strains of Corynebacterium pyogenes were generally sensitive to penicillin (100%), chloramphenicol (100%) and oxytetracycline (99%); the proportion sensitive to streptomycin was 88%, to Nifuzin 84.8%, and to sulfadimidine only 36%. There was no change in the sensitivity pattern between 1963 and 1972. PMID- 1106347 TI - [Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of coli enterotoxemia in swine. I. Comparison of toxin effect of 2 different E. coli serotypes following parenteral toxin administration]. AB - Broth culture filtrate containing endotoxin, prepared from serotype O 139:K82(?):H1 was given by the intra-enteric route with and without dimethyl sulphoxide, and with or without blockade of the RES by intravenous injection of trypan blue, using about five piglets for each of the four combinations. Clinical signs, blood pressure, ECG, respiration, temperature, haematology and pathological findings were recorded. Coli enterotoxaemia manifested by fatal endotoxin shock developed in all ten piglets given toxin plus dimethyl sulphoxide, and in 4 of 5 similarly treated after RES blockade. The sondrmoe did not develop in piglets given large amounts of toxin without dimethyl sulphoxide, whether the RES was blocked or not. When enteric absorption of toxin was promoted by dimethyl sulphoxide, RES blockade increased the sensitivity of the animal to toxin (shortening of the time till death). The results show that there are two functional barriers to endotoxin: - the intestinal barrier, which normally prevents large amounts of toxin from entering the circulation; and RES, which plays a part in detoxifying and eliminating endotoxin which has been absorbed. Application of these findings to the pathogenesis of coli, enterotoxaemia is discussed. PMID- 1106348 TI - [Infrared spectrophotometry of culture broth and toxins of enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli]. AB - Lyophilized preparations of sterile broth, broth used for cultivation of enteropathogenic E. coli strains from which endotoxin and enterotoxin had been removed, were prepared for spectrophotometry by mixture with potassium bromide, and examined in heavy water. Despite basic biochemical differences, all the preparations showed similar or identical curves, with the same absorption maximum and wave length. The substances present in broth (proteins, lipids, sugars, etc.) were so dominant that that completely masked substances specific for E. coli and its toxins. Spectrophotometry revealed only the pattern belonging to broth, so that toxins can be only examined by this method after they have been separated from the broth. It is hoped to do this in the future. PMID- 1106349 TI - [Sodium thiocyanate as a protective agent in intensive calf fattening. Brief report]. AB - Daily administration of sodium thiocyanate at 750 mg a calf for the first three weeks in the fattening stalls reduced the occurrence of illness by 60%. This protective effect seemed to persist during the following weeks without additional treatment. Addition of the thiocyanate to the food may be beneficial through a nutritive effect. PMID- 1106350 TI - Lithium carbonate in affective disorders. IV. A double-blind study of prophylaxis in unipolar recurrent depression. AB - The prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate vs placebo was examined in a double-blind study in a carefully delineated group of 28 unipolar recurrent depressed patients followed up from three months to four years. Indexes of prophylactic efficacy revealed a statistically significant decrease in episode frequency, depth of global depression scores, and increased clinic attendance rate in the lithium carbonate group compared with the placebo group. Planned studies are now needed to determine which unipolar patients do best on a maintenance regimen of lithium carbonate alone, lithium carbonate plus tricyclic drugs, or tricyclic drugs alone. PMID- 1106351 TI - [Comparative considerations on incidence of malignant neoplasms in the United States (White) 1969-1971 and in the German Democratic Republic 1971 (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the GDR 1971 as compared with the United States 1969-1971 shows that in the USA, incidence of total cancer and of several individual sites is significantly higher than in the GDR. Possible reasons for this observation are discussed. The much higher incidence of nearly all malignant neoplasms in high age in the USA raises suspicion that cancer registration in the GDR for these age groups is incomplete. Wide differences in younger and middle age cannot be solely explained by underregistration in one country. Incidence of stomach cancer is much higher in the GDR than in the USA and incidence of malignant neoplasms of colon, breast (female), prostate, and urinary bladder is significantly higher in North America. Remarkable but not as big differences are observed for most cancer sites. Only part of these observations can be explained by different diagnostic criteria (e. g. acute leukosis). It is concluded that there is a real difference in cancer risk between the GDR and the USA. It is hoped that these results stimulate special studies in order to elucidate the causes of different cancer incidence and there by to gain more insight in factors which enhance the risk of cancer. PMID- 1106352 TI - Contractile microfilaments in granulosa cells. An ultrastructural and immunochemical study. AB - Electron microscope observations demonstrated bundles of microfilaments measuring 40-70 A in diameter in the granulosa cells of normal developing follicles of rabbit ovary. The microfilaments appeared concentrated in the cortical areas of the cytoplasm and within large evaginations and microvilli. In addition the filaments were particularly abundant in the granulosa cells of corona radiata and free cells in the cavity. Immunofluorescent staining on frozen sections of rabbit ovary demonstrated that the granulosa cells of developing follicles bind antimyosin-like antibodies (AMA). Considering the correspondence between the immunochemical and ultrastructural fingings it is suggested that the microfilaments contain a "myosin-like" protein. It seems then reasonable to suggest that the ovarian follicles are not kinetically passive organs, but they contain contractile filaments for their specific functions. PMID- 1106353 TI - Discontinuance of immunosuprression in renal transplant patients. AB - Immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued in six patients for an average of 27 months. In these six patients, only two rejections have occurred. A survey of other transplant centers showed that in such patients rejection was often delayed weeks or months after therapy was stopped. Once immunosuppressive therapy has been stopped, for whatever reason, and rejection has not occurred, consideration should be given to not resuming therapy unless signs of rejection appear. PMID- 1106354 TI - Editorial: The treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. PMID- 1106355 TI - Digitalis after two centuries (William Withering). AB - It is the bicentennial anniversary of the introduction of digitalis into medicine. Digitalis is one of the most important drugs ever discovered, and after two centuries, it is still the most widely used drug in cardiology. However, it was at one time so badly abused that for nearly a century it was almost abandoned. Early in this century, the valuable effects of digitalis were once again recognized and extended. The molecular basis of action has been defined and now methods are available to detect early toxicity. Recent advances in combating toxic effects show considerable promise. Skillful administration of the drug, using purified standard tablets, careful monitoring by clinical electrocargiography, and analytical methods can secure the maximun benefits with the minimum degree of toxicity. PMID- 1106356 TI - Growth of baby kidneys transplanted into adults. AB - To determine whether the growth of a kidney is affected by the age of the host or is independently programmed, baby rat kidneys were isologously transplanted into adult rats that underwent unilateral or bilateral nephrectomies. The growth of these transplanted baby kidneys was compared to the growth of baby kidneys that were left intact in the growing baby rat. After allowing for compensatory hypertrophy, the kidneys, whether in babies or adults, were found to grow at the same rate and to the same ultimate size. Renal size could be predictably related to renal age, but not to the age of the host. PMID- 1106357 TI - Hemostatic suture of the liver. PMID- 1106358 TI - A new sutureless technique for skin closure. AB - A sutureless wound-closure device was used in 150 patients. The average time spent to effect skin closure was reduced; removal was easy; skin apposition was satisfactory; and patient response was favorable. Sutureless tape closures eliminate the disadvantages of invasive skin closures. The device described provides secure tape adhesion to the skin and does not cover the wound. It can be easily applied, adjusted, and removed, in addition to serving as a protective splint to the healing wound. This method can reduce operative time of skin closure with highly satisfactory cosmetic results. PMID- 1106360 TI - [Influence of cortisone on the implantation of skin allotransplants]. AB - Skin transplants of CC57 Brown mice to CBA mice different in strong antigens controlled by H-2 locus of histocompatibility were studied with special attention given to the division of epithelial cells. Five-day-long injecting of cortisone (single dose 2,5 mg) was performed in 2 variants of experiments: 2 days before or 3 days after operation. The mean day of rejection of the graft after injection of the hormone was prolonged from 6,9 to 17,8--19,8 days. Cortisone retarded development of the inflammatory reaction, formation of the granular tissue and decreased mitotic activity in the recipient's epithelium delaying its growth and thus the transplant elimination. Degenerative changes in the transplant tissues diminished, while the mitotic activity kept its sufficiently high level until rejection. PMID- 1106359 TI - The nature of adenovirus persistence in human adenoid vegetations. AB - Ninety-seven adenoid vegetations (AV) originating from children aged 2 to 11 years were examined for the presence of adenoviruses. No infectious virus was detected in cell-free homogenates. However, adenovirus was recovered in 30 instances from either fragment or trypsinized cell cultures, or both, of the same tissues. The viruses belonged to types 1, 2, 5 and 6. It was determined by the infectious center assay that the frequency of virus-producing cells in different AV varied between 1 of every 10(5) cells to 1 of every 10(7) cells. Cells reactive with hamster sera containing antibody against the adenovirus early ("T") antigen and with rabbit sera containing antibody against the virus structural antigens were detected in cell smears from trypsinized virus-positive AV. The frequency of positive cells was very low. Nearly 80 per cent of extracts from virus-positive AV contained substances neutralizing the homotypic viruses. Adenovirus-neutralizing substances were only rarely detected in extracts from virus-negative AV. The neutralizing substances could be removed from the extracts by absorbtion with concentrates of the homotypic viruses. Most of the subjects from whom AV containing neutralizing substances were obtained, possessed high levels of homotypic serum antibodies. PMID- 1106361 TI - [Soviet morphologists in World War II (on the 30th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet people over fascist Germany)]. PMID- 1106362 TI - Florence Nightingale...mission impossible. PMID- 1106363 TI - [Philosophical aspects of probability principles in the study of human pathology]. PMID- 1106364 TI - [Current problems in the pathology of burn trauma]. PMID- 1106365 TI - [Principle trends of research of Soviet pathologoanatomists during the years of World War II]. PMID- 1106366 TI - [Intracellular parasitism of Shigella in patients with dysentery]. AB - Bioptic specimens of the mucosa of the distal portion of the colon in patients with dysentery, caused by Flexner and Sonne shigellas, were studied by luminescent-serological and electron-microscopy methods. In the cells with unchanged ultrastructure no shigellas were detected. Intracellular localization of shigellas was observed only in cases of deep irreversible alterations in the ultrastructure of the cells. PMID- 1106367 TI - [Case of a benign mesothelioma of the testis]. PMID- 1106369 TI - [Nikolai Konstantinovich Permiakov (on his 50th birthday)]. PMID- 1106368 TI - [Current data on the functional morphology of granulation tissue cells in skin wounds]. AB - The article summarizes the latest literature data on the morphology of the granulation tissue cells: neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells and fibroblasts. In the majority of cases these cells were studied with the help of such methods as electron microscopy, histochemical analysis autoradiography. Sources of origin of these cells and dynamics of their development in the period of formation and maturation of the granulation tissue are considered. Findings of the current studies into the structure and functions of fibroblasts and their role in collagen formation, as well as the role of hormonal factors in these processes are analysed in detail. PMID- 1106370 TI - [Continuos determination of stroke volume and minute volume dye dilution technic and ventricular electric conductivity recording]. PMID- 1106371 TI - [Critical study of the major criteria in the diagnosis of rheumatic fever. II]. PMID- 1106372 TI - Intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma. Diagnosis by pars plana vitrectomy. PMID- 1106373 TI - Vitreous cellular reaction. Association with reticulum cell sarcoma of brain. PMID- 1106374 TI - Complications of dermal graft protection of carotid artery. AB - The efficacy of autogenous dermal grafts for carotid artery protection in head and neck surgery has been investigated experimentally and propounded clinically. A review of 194 dermal grafts from 1966 to 1972 at the otolaryngology service of Washington University Medical Center revealed two broad categories of complications that were unique to dermal graft protection of the carotid artery. Two cases of inclusion cysts that developed two years after implantation of the dermal graft were classified as a complication secondary to technical problems of taking the graft. The second category of complications arose as a result of epithelialization of the exposed dermal graft. While the overall incidence of complications that were attributable to the dermal graft was approximately 6%, autogenous dermis continues to provide an excellent method for carotid artery protection. PMID- 1106375 TI - Multiplicity of the tumor-directed immune response. Implications for immunotherapy. AB - The host may generate several different types of immune response to a tumor. Some of these responses are advantageous to the host; others are not. There is evidence that several tumor-associated antigens, perhaps stimulating different facets of the immune response, are expressed by the tumor cell. We discuss the implications of this concept for immunotherapy. PMID- 1106376 TI - Immunosuppression and cancer. Importance in head and neck surgery. AB - The immune system is an important factor in the host's defenses against cancer. Immunosuppressive therapy associated with organ transplantation is accompanied by a substantially increased incidence of malignant neoplasms, many of which involve the head and neck. Treatment of carcinoma of the larynx by excision and laryngeal transplantation is not justified because of the complications, including malignant neoplasm, that are associated with immunosuppressive therapy. Cancer chemotherapeutic agents have immunosuppressive side-effects, and patients have manifested new malignant neoplasms while their original tumors were controlled by the antineoplastic drugs. These findings have important implications for the management of patients with malignant neoplasms, since other forms of cancer treatment, such as radical surgical procedures and radiotherapy, may also impair the host's resistance to cancer. Therefore, we should reappraise our methods of cancer therapy and examine their effects on the host's resistance to his neoplasm. PMID- 1106377 TI - Subglottic enlargement using cartilage-mucosa autograft. A preliminary experimental study. AB - Subglottic stenosis in the infant currently has no well-accepted surgical correction. Our experimental study was designed to determine the effectiveness of a nasal septal cartilage-mucosa autograft in increasing the subglottic circumference and its effect on subsequent subglottic growth. Six pairs of matched mongrel puppy litter mates were used; one underwent surgery, the other served as a control. The cricoid and first tracheal rings were split anteriorly, and widened 5 mm to accept an autogenous nasal septal cartilage-mucosa graft. All animals were killed after six months of postoperative growth. The autografts appeared to be partially or completely replaced by fibrous tissue but a persistent enlargement in the subglottic airway was found in the animals that underwent surgery, with glottic measurements the same in both groups. Thus, a septal cartilage autograft to the subglottic larynx in puppies appears to result in persistent enlargement of the subglottic area, but produces no interference with subsequent normal laryngeal growth and development. PMID- 1106379 TI - Irving B. Goldman, MD, 1898-1975. PMID- 1106378 TI - Innominate artery compression of the Trachea. AB - We review innominate artery compression of the trachea in 60 surgically corrected patients and 30 in patients who did not undergo surgery. The symptoms and radiologic features are correlated with the degree of tracheal narrowing at bronchoscopy and with associated defects that may exist. From this study, a history of respiratory distress with "reflex apnea" associated with tracheal narrowing is a strong indication for surgery. Stridor and recurrent respiratory infections are not an indication in themselves, and must be assessed with the severity of tracheal narrowing and presence or absence of associated defects. Surgery resulted in complete or moderate relief in most patients, although the results were less gratifying when subglottic stenosis or a repaired tracheoesophageal fistula existed. PMID- 1106380 TI - Bleeding following tonsillectomy. A study of electrocoagulation and ligation techniques. AB - The efficiency of electrocoagulation (spot or zonal) and ligation for the control of bleeding was compared in 376 patients with tonsillectomy. Electrocoagulation and ligation was used in the same number of patients (188) in each group. A notable reduction in operative time (40%) was seen in cases in which spot or zonal electrocoagulation was employed. More morbidity was found in cases treated with zonal electrocoagulation. Both techniques were concluded to be equally effective in the control of bleeding following tonsillectomy. PMID- 1106381 TI - Birth of a hospital: congratulations to Kalgoorlie. PMID- 1106383 TI - Medical collection in monastery. PMID- 1106382 TI - Royal Hobart Hospital centenary of nursing 1875-1875. PMID- 1106384 TI - History of nursing at Royal Hobart Hospital. Our first 100 years... PMID- 1106385 TI - Special Service Award to Charles A. (Cab) Bottorff. PMID- 1106386 TI - Research Paper Award 1974. PMID- 1106387 TI - Influence of age on the serological response of chickens to Salmonella typhimurium infection. AB - After chickens 1-126 days old were infected orally with Salmonella typhimurium, antibody responses were determined by microagglutination (MA) and microantiglobulin (MAG) test procedures. In all groups six weeks old or older, a high and continuing level of salmonella group B antibody was demonstrated by the MAG test but not by the MA test. Serological response was maximal at about 15 weeks or later. Reinoculation with S. typhimurium 129 days after initial infection elevated antibody titers in all groups, and immunological paralysis was evident in only the two youngest groups. S. typhimurium-positive cloacal swabs tended to decline rapidly in all groups; although MAG agglutinin titers remained positive. PMID- 1106388 TI - Salmonellosis in canaries. PMID- 1106389 TI - The royal derwent hospital in tasmania: historical perspectives on the meaning of community psychiatry. AB - Throughout the history of the hospital, local social institutions, formal and informal, tended to perform casualty and receiving functions so that the Royal Derwent has always served as institution of last resort. Case books show that both illnesses and treatment conformed to those familiar elsewhere in the British Empire and developed no local perculiarities. The records provide epidemiological evidence of a dramatic decline in incidence of first admission for psychosis after the period when convict transportation created a high rate of social dependency. PMID- 1106390 TI - Guided fantasy as a treatment for childhood insomnia. AB - A "guided fantasy" technique is described to relieve insomnia in children without the use of chemotherapy or the more conventional forms of hypnotherapy. In children at an age where fantasy is a spontaneous everyday response, relaxed sleep is induced through listening to a story from a tape that is created from the child's favourite fantasy figures and everyday likes and interests. The 'guided fantasy' is presented by the parents as a novel bedtime story rather than as a therapy procedure by the therapist. The child is allowed to feel he has a controlling influence in putting a favourite figure to sleep within the story, and so is gently led to accept sleep himself by choice. No active therapist is involved so there are no dangers of expected transference or abreaction. PMID- 1106391 TI - Cannabis: effects on hunger and thirst. PMID- 1106392 TI - Developmental factors in mammalian predation. PMID- 1106393 TI - [Quantitative expression of functional macular scotoma]. PMID- 1106394 TI - [Proceedings: Closure of large medical defects of the upper eyelid]. PMID- 1106395 TI - [Perforating marginal keratoplasty]. PMID- 1106396 TI - [Proceedings: Homologous keratoscleratoplasty]. PMID- 1106397 TI - [Proceedings: Perforating keratoplasty in aphakia with transpupillary vitrectomy]. PMID- 1106398 TI - [Hereditary macular degenerations]. PMID- 1106399 TI - [The 65th birthday of Karl Heinz Scholzke]. PMID- 1106400 TI - [Glomerulonephritis in the dog. 1. Review of literature]. PMID- 1106401 TI - The molecular mechanism of benzimidazole mutagenicity: in vitro studies on transcription and translation. AB - Benzimidazoles are weak mutagens acting through base substitutions; they are incorporated into nucleic acids. Experiments with deoxyribohomopolymers as templates demonstrated that benzimidazole nucleoside triphosphate is polymerized by RNA polymerase only in the presence of poly dC, i.e., instead of guanine. In plasmolyzed Escherichia coli cells, benzimidazole ribonucleoside diphosphate is polymerized by polynucleotide phosphorylase and can, after blocking of the normal mRNA synthesis with actinomycin D, be used as a messenger for polypeptide formation. The addition of radioactive amino acids to this system showed that benzimidazole is not read preferentially as guanine, as would have been expected from the RNA polymerase results. Instead, the reading was position dependent and brnzimidazole is recognized (1) in the first codon position as adenine, (2) in the second as purine, and (3) in the third possibly only as base. Benzimidazole mutagenicity is thus explained as a G in equilibrium A transition. PMID- 1106402 TI - Messenger activity of ribonucleic acid form yeast mitochondria. AB - Total yeast mitochondrial RNA was shown to possess messenger RNA activity when injected into oocytes of the frog Xenopus laevis. The specific polypeptides formed were precipitated by mitochondrial antisera. A comparison was made of the molecular weights of the proteins obtained form this system with those made by mitochondria in vivo in the presence of cycloheximide. No RNA containing poly(A) sequences was detected in yeast mitochondria. PMID- 1106403 TI - Synthesis time of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli B/r as a function of growth rate. AB - By analysing the kinetics of beta-galactosidase accumulation after induction, the synthesis time of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli B/r was found to be 75s in rapidly growing cells (1.36 and 2.1 doublings/h), and 90s in slowly growing cells (0.63 doubling/h). These values correspond to peptide-chain-elongation rates of 16 and 13 amino acids/s respectively, in agreement with previous findings, indicating that the peptide-chain growth rate is constant (presumably maximal) in fast-growing bacteria, but decreased in slowly growing bacteria [Forchhammer & Lindahl (1971) J. Mol. Biol. 55, 563-568]. PMID- 1106404 TI - Insulin and glucagon secretion from isolated islets of Langerhans. The effects of calcium ionophores. AB - The role of Ca2+ in the secretion of insulin and glucagon was investigated by studying the effects of Ca2+ ionophores on hormone secretion from isolated perifused islets of Langerhans. Ionophore X537A (100 muM), which binds alkaline earth cations and also complexes some univalent cations, caused a rapid transient increase in insulin and glucagon secretion which was not dependent on the presence of Ca2+ in the perifusion medium. Ionophore A23187 (100 muM), which specifically binds bivalent cations at neutral pH values, similarly increased insulin secretion in complete and Ca2+-free medium, but only stimulated glucagon release in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Since the stimulatory effects of both ionophores were associated with an increased Ca2+ flux in the islets, these experiments support the hypothesis that Ca2+ may trigger the release of insulin and suggest that it is also involved in the secretion of glucagon. The basal rate of both insulin and glucagon release was significantly increased when Ca2+ was omitted from the perifusion medium, but it is proposed that this finding may be due to adverse effects on cell-membrane function under these conditions. PMID- 1106405 TI - Regulatory state of ribosomal genes and physiological changes in the concentration of free ribonucleic acid polymerase in Escherichia coli. AB - The concept of promoter efficiency is introduced as frequency of RNA chain initiation at a given promoter normalized to the intracellular concentration of free (but functional) RNA polymerase. Previous observations from this laboratory on the synthesis of ribosomes and beta-galactosidase are used to show that during a nutritional shift-up from succinate minimal to glucose-amino acids medium (3 fold increase in steady-state growth rate) the concentration of free (active) RNA polymerase decreases to one-quarter of the pre-shift value and the promoter efficiencies of the genes for ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins increase 9- and 6-fold respectively. This extent of control of ribosomal genes is much greater than expected on the basis of the increase in the rate of ribosome synthesis (3-fold). PMID- 1106406 TI - An inhibitor of soluble D-alanine carboxypeptidase from Escherichia coli B. PMID- 1106407 TI - Protein synthesis during a nutritional shift-up in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1106408 TI - Dependency of spermidine stimulation of polypeptide synthesis on the uracil content of messenger ribonucleic acid. PMID- 1106409 TI - LH-releasing activity of potent LH-RH analogs in vitro. PMID- 1106410 TI - 5'-Guanylylimidodiphosphate: a modular of glucagon-induced insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets. PMID- 1106411 TI - Effect of trypsinization of thiamine transport in Escherichia coli Crookes. PMID- 1106412 TI - Interaction of antimannan with glycopeptides. PMID- 1106413 TI - Evidence for three glutamic acid transporting systems with specialized physiological functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 1106414 TI - Protein turnover in Escherichia coli. Evidence against serine protease involvement in tryptophan synthetase degradation. PMID- 1106415 TI - On the mechanism of petite genesis in yeast. IV. Biochemical characterization of a conditional cytoplasmic mutant producing petites at restrictive temperature. PMID- 1106416 TI - Incorporation of methionine by a soluble enzyme system from Escherichia coli. PMID- 1106417 TI - Defective 30S ribosomal particles in a polyamine auxotroph of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1106418 TI - Demonstration of a macromolecule cross-reacting with antibodies to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and its tissue distribution. PMID- 1106419 TI - Dissociation of the tetrameric form of beta-D-galactosidase by inactivating antibodies. PMID- 1106420 TI - The effect of temperature shock on the yield of gamma-induced single strand breaks in bacterial DNA. PMID- 1106421 TI - A novel single strand endonuclease specific for phiX174 DNA. PMID- 1106422 TI - The intrinsic zinc atoms of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 1106423 TI - Amino acid sequence at the phosphorylated site of rat liver pyruvate kinase. PMID- 1106424 TI - The argECBH-bearing EcoRI segment of the Escherichia coli chromosomes. PMID- 1106426 TI - Dr. J. Claude Bennett to assume editorship. PMID- 1106425 TI - Identification of immunoglobulins and complement in rheumatoid articular collagenous tissues. AB - Ninety-three patients with a variety of joint diseases were studied for evidence of immune complexes in articular collagenous tissues. Frozen sections of freshly obtained biopsies of hyaline articular cartilage and menisci were stained with fluoresceinated monospecific antisera for evidence of human immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM,IgA) and the beta1c component of complement. The criterion for the presence of complexes was the staining of two or more immunoglobulins and beta1c in an identical location of sequentially cut sections. Of the 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 83% were positive by this criterion. In those with classic RA the incidence was 92%. Sixteen patients with fresh joint trauma or nonarthritic disease had negative findings. Among 26 patients with noninflammatory disease, 4 of 8 with polyarthritis whose features suggested primary degeneration, 1 of 11 patients with secondary degenerative arthritis, and a single case of synovial osteochondromatosis had positive findings. Among 9 patients with miscellaneous inflammatory arthritides, all of 3 with psoriatic arthritis were negative; however 2 of 6 with other inflammatory arthritides were positive. The findings in classic RA suggest that immune complexes are deposited in the articular collagenous tissues. The persistence of these complexes may play a significant role in the chronicity of the synovitis. PMID- 1106427 TI - Tribute to Dr. Charles L. Christian. PMID- 1106428 TI - A tribute to Dr. Alexander B. Gutman. PMID- 1106429 TI - A tribute to Professor Alexander B. Gutman Ph.D., M.D. June 7, 1902 - May 4, 1973. PMID- 1106430 TI - Port wine and the gout. PMID- 1106431 TI - Current concepts on the regulation of purine biosynthesis de novo in man. AB - In the present discussion we have presented our views on how purine biosynthesis de novo is regulated in man. The rate of the initital step unique to purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis de novo is controlled by the intracellular concentration of PP-ribose-P and purine ribonucleotides. This critical interaction of PP-ribose-P and purine ribonucleotides may be explained by a change in the physical properties of the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction. The first branch point in the pathway, following this initial step involves the utilization of IMP. Based on an in vitro analysis of the enzymes participating directly in the two biosynthetic pathways for which IMP is a substrate, we propose that the intracellular level of GTP may be more critical than previously recognized. PMID- 1106432 TI - It happened on the way to the XIII International Congress on Rheumatology in Kyoto and after I had arrived. PMID- 1106433 TI - Renal function abnormalities in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. PMID- 1106435 TI - [Centrophenoxin-induced dissolution and removal of lipofuscin. An electron microscopic study (author's transl)]. AB - Three batches of senile guinea pigs were injected i.m. daily with 80 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, or 30 mg/kg up to 10 weeks. With the dosage employed neurons of the central nervous system showed in all animals a significant reduction of lipofuscin pigment. A characteristic type of vacuolisation of the pigment is a preliminary sign of its reduction in size and quantity. Residuals of lipofuscin can be detected in astrocytes and in greater quantity in microglia cells and cells of the capillary wall. The dissolution of lipofuscin is not only found in the CNS but also in the myocardium and in the liver. In the latter organs the removal of pigment is carried out by phagocytes towards capillaries. The actual uptake of phagocytes is believed to occur by the process of exocytosis and pinocytosis. A destruction or an invasion of neurons by microglia has not been observed. Lipofuscin removal at a very small rate by microglia cells appears to occur normally in the ageing animal, but is greatly enhanced by centrophenoxin. Cessation of drug application does not stop the process of removal at once and the process continues as far as we can judge by our experiments for several weeks without further drug application. Even 30 mg/kg per day were found to be sufficient to initiate and sustain lipofuscin removal. PMID- 1106434 TI - Halofenate. Its selection and trial as a primary uricosuric agent. AB - In vitro binding studies on antiinflammatory and uricosuric acidic anions performed under "physiologic" conditions have demonstrated that these substances displace urate from its protein bond. The property of urate displacement appears to be a useful marker for potential uricosuric activity in vivo, and thereby a means to detect novel uricosuric drugs. One such drug, halofenate, was indeed a safe and effective uricosuric (comparable to probenecid) when used to treat hyperuricemia/gout over the long term; it did result in a modest and variable fall in serum lipid concentrations. However, used as a single fixed dose, halofenate did not produce a marked and consistent effect on the elevated serum triglyceride concentrations so commonly present in gouty patients. PMID- 1106436 TI - [Acid-pepsin secretion in the rat under the influence of various gastrointestinal hormones (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106437 TI - [Pathogenicity factors of gramnegative enteropathogenic bacteria and pathogenesis of intestinal diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Enterotoxins as produced by the majority of enteropathogenic bacteria play a central role in the pathogenesis of cholera and E. coli enteritis but are obviously of little significance as to the development of Salmonella enteritis and dysentery. Pathology of Salmonella enteritis and dysentery results from multiplication of bacteria within the bowel wall and from the damage of tissue caused thereby. The lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) of invasive enteropathogenic bacteria do not possess the character of a primary pathogenicity factor but operate as a protective agent versus bactericidal mechanisms of the macroorganism and probably also as an agent toxic for the tissue. PMID- 1106438 TI - [Drug side effects in the eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106439 TI - [Accident surgery--experimental therapy]. PMID- 1106440 TI - [Synergism of colistin and sulfonamide in proteus species (author's transl)]. AB - In agar diffusion testing of Proteus mirabilis strains sensitive to sulfonamide a synergistic effect of colistine (C) and sulfonamide (S) was demonstrated. By quantitative evaluation these results were confirmed in 100 strains of Proteus mirabilis and 100 strains of indol-positive Proteus spp. using broth dilution method. Combining 1 part C with 10 parts S the mean increase in sulfonamide sensitivity was enhanced fourfold. Increasing the inoculum sensitivity of Proteus against the combination of C and S was still found to range within therapeutic blood levels. Therefore in treatment of Proteus infection the positive synergistic effect of C+S should be taken into consideration. PMID- 1106441 TI - Modified method for recording cortical and subcortical visually evoked potentials in the conscious rabbit with chronically implanted electrodes. AB - A modified stereotaxic surgical and implantation technique for animal EEG studies in rabbits is described. The use of a stereotaxic "socklet unit" with a minimum of operational equipment, high accuracy, simple handling, and good tissue compatibility permits the repetition of EEG studies in the same animal with a large number of electrodes and over a period of several months. For example for this technique an experimental arrangement for recording visually evoked potentials is described. The importance of a careful selection of the experimental animals, of maintaining constant test conditions, and of the selecting of test parameters as a prerequisite for assessing induced alterations is emphasized and discussed. PMID- 1106442 TI - [Coronary collateral vessels after long-term treatment with fendiline hydrochloride in a double-blind study (author's transl)]. AB - After long-therapy with 5 mg/kg body-weight of N-(2-benzhydryl-ethyl)-N-(1-phenyl ethyl)amine hydrochloride (fendiline hydrochloride, Sensit) in dogs the development of functioning coronary collateral vessels can be proven by filling the vessel system with synthetic resin. From earlier studies, it is known that coronary collateral vessels can protect the heart from the consequences of stenoses and tissue damage due to hypoxia. PMID- 1106443 TI - [Administrative and juridicial problems in psychopharmacology (author's transl)]. AB - The problem of a juridical and administrative regulation for therapeutic drugs is analyzed. There are 3 concurring factors of public interest: 1. protection of the patient against dangerous side-effects, 2. promotion of new effective therapies. 3. position and responsibility of the physician. Risks and problems of control are discussed in the light of development of a new preparation. A scheme of functions in the clinical trial under auspices of medico-ethical postulations is mentioned. Restrictive facts on behalf of a quick development of drug therapy are discussed. The necessity of intensifying biological basic research is emphasized. PMID- 1106444 TI - Multiple sclerosis immunogenetics. A possible correlation with human leukocyte HL A antigens. AB - To investigate the relationships of genotype to susceptibility to multiple sclerosis, 42 patients hospitalized into Multiple Sclerosis Study Center of The Milan Medical School were typed for 14 HL-A specificities: HL-A1, HL-A2 + W 28, HL-A3, HL-A10 + W 19, HL-A11, HL-A9 of the 1st Series and HL-A5, HL-A7, HL-A8, HL A12, HL-A13 of the 2nd Series. The increased HL-A9 frequency found in a previous study has been confirmed. Moreover in the total of multiple sclerosis patients this deviation reaches a higher degree of significance (P less than 0.01) and one antigen HL-A10 + W 19 appears to be significantly decreased (P less than 0.01). No variations were found in HL-A3, HL-A7 frequencies. PMID- 1106445 TI - Absorption of erythromycin. A cross-over study in healthy volunteers. AB - The absorptions of 6 erythromycin preparations were compared in a cross-over study in healthy humans. In a single-dose study, 500 mg of each preparation was, after an overnight fast, given to 10 volunteers. The two enterosoluble preparations of erythromycin base studied were absorbed slowly, and the peak serum concentration (1.5-2 mg/l) was achieved only at 4 h. The absorption of the stearates was quick, but especially one of them was poorly absorbed, the serum concentration being always below 1 mg/l. Both of the two estolates gave highest apparent concentrations, and the maximum serum level (2-2.5 mg/l) was achieved at 2 h, but the concentration of active erythromycin remains unknown. In the second part of the study, two erythromycin stearates and one base preparation were given at 6-h interval in a cross-over fashion, each for 4 days. On the 4th day, blood samples were analyzed. The erythromycin base gave higher serum concentrations than did the two stearates, which were equivalent. It seems doubtful that the erythromycin stearate at the dose of 250 mg every 6th hour would give satisfactory serum levels of erythromycin which would be effective against most bacteria during the whole treatment. PMID- 1106447 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies on absorption and excretion of oxazepam in Combination with alcohol (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl 2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2 one (oxazepam, Adumbran) (30 mg) on the effects produced by alcohol (0.75 g/kg) and vice versa was studied in 14 male test subjects using the following scheme: (A) alcohol; (B) placebo; (C) oxazepam; (D) oxazepam and alcohol combined; (E) alcohol given 30 min prior to oxazepam. Blood and serum levels were determined and excretion in the urine was tested during the 7-h duration of the experiment. The blood alcohol curves show a similar course, leading to the conclusion that oxazepam has no influence on the elimination of alcohol. Alcohol retrads the intestinal absorption of oxazepam but, on the other hand, does not show an effect on the specific metabolism of oxazepam. PMID- 1106446 TI - A 1,4-benzodiazepine, temazepam (K 3917), its effect on some psychological parameters of sleep and behaviour. AB - In 30 physically and mentally healthy volunteers, 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy 1-methyl-5-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (temazepam, K 3917) was tested for its sleep inducing action, the subjective quality of sleep and any post-medication effects. Temazepam was orally administered at doses of 15, 20 or 30 mg in hard gelatin capsules or 20 mg in soft gelatin capsules. Nitrazepam (5 mg) and amylobarbitone sodium (100 mg) were used for comparison as well as a placebo. Temazepam showed very much the same effects as they are known from conventional 1,4-benzodiazepines except for its lack of impairment in early morning behavior following night time medication. PMID- 1106449 TI - ASHA in retrospect. Fiftieth anniversary reflections. PMID- 1106448 TI - ASHA in retrospect--fiftieth anniversary reflections. PMID- 1106450 TI - Editorial: Results of the coronary drug project--an interpretation. PMID- 1106720 TI - [Post-traumatic stiffening of the thumb in adduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106721 TI - [Treatment of necrosis of the Achilles tendon (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106722 TI - [The healing process in duodenal wounds treated by an intestinal "patch". An experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106723 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the aortic isthmus. Emergency repair by direct suturing under partly E.C.C. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106724 TI - Mutagenic activity of anthraquinone derivatives used as dyes in a textile factory. AB - Some anthraquinone derivatives used as dyes in a textile factory have been tested for their mutagenic activity on the Ames' strains of Salmonella typhimurium. 1 amino-4-hydroxy-anthraquinone proved to be a mutagen of the frameshift type. It is active without need of metabolic activation. Studies are in progress in order to clarify if the mutagenic activity of other substituted anthraquinones, which do not act as direct mutagens, can become evident after metabolic activation. Further tests are needed to decide if substituted anthraquinones are hazardous for exposed people. PMID- 1106725 TI - Detection of Bhanja virus in cell cultures by fluorescent antibody technique. AB - The multiplication of Bhanja virus in CV-1 cells was studied both by staining the viral antigens with the FA technique and measuring the light intensity emitted by the fluorescent cells with a photomultiplier and by the simultaneous titration of intracellular and extracellular virus. The fluorescence appeared at 3 hrs post adsorption in the form of very small granules in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. Percentage of cells containing viral antigens reached its maximum at 18 hrs post adsorption. Later on the fluorescence slowly decreased. The virus in infected cells was demonstrated 9 hrs post adsorption and maximum titre was reached 48 hrs post adsorption. The cell sheet remained apparently normal and no sign of cytopathic effect was observed until 36 hrs post adsorption. PMID- 1106726 TI - [Studies on the adaptation of various strains of orthomyxovirus type A, subtype A/equi 2, passaged either on bovine kidney cells or on chicken fibroblasts or on RK-13 cells or by those passages alternating with "in ovo" passages]. AB - The Authors have researched to adapt Orthomyxovirus, subtype A/equi-2 (Naples/213/67, Andria/60/68 and Miami/63), by serial passages on kidney calf cells, chick embryo cells and RK-13 cell line or by one or two passages on these colture media alternated with one passage "in ovo". The results obtained show that only kidney calf cells are most suitable because the viruses replicate for eleven passages. On the chick embryo cells and RK-13 cell line the viruses replicate only for two passages and these results are not modified when one or two passages are alternated with one passage "in ovo". The Authors have observed the production of infectious but not haemadsorbing and haemagglutining virus. The phenomenon is discussed and integrated with collateral tests. PMID- 1106727 TI - Search for bacterial l forms in some diseases of human pathology. AB - The Authors report their investigations performed in the attempt to isolate bacterial L Forms or protoplasts from human materials (urine, blood) and relate their presence with an underlying pathology, and discuss the results obtained. PMID- 1106728 TI - [Immunological aspects of bronchial asthma]. AB - Advances in understanding of bronchial asthma are to be expected from more detailed information on the immuno-pathological mechanisms involved. Reaginic IgE antibodies are responsible for the great majority of extrinsic asthma, but in some cases immune complexes could probably be also important. A great progress has been achieved after reproducible methods for detecting cellular and serum specific IgE antibodies were introduced. Moreover, the immunological and biological changes induced by immunotherapy are better known. Standardization and purification of allergenic extracts is now under study in many laboratories, our own included. As concerns the intrinsic asthma attempts to demonstrate the importance of (auto) immune mechanisms have been performed. The results of these studies are reported. PMID- 1106729 TI - [Effects of thymectomy on the natural bactericidal power of thymectomized mice]. AB - T and B-dependent systems are correlated between themselves and with the macrophage system in eliciting the immune humoral response. Not all immunogens require T-B interactions to elicit the antibody response: consequently, the problem of the limits of T-dependence, with regard to different immunogen stimulations, remains open. The comparative study of the serum antibody response in mice, thymectomized at birth and in the normal ones, inferred from the values of bactericidal activity (b.a.), detected versus E. coli, S. typhi and S. albus strains did point out evident variation. Thymectomy has impaired b.a. against E. coli; it seems to have no consequence on b.a. against S. typhi; is not possible to the results of our investigation, it seems that the response to the immunogens, responsible for the so-called natural antibodies does require T-B cooperation only for some bacterial species and not for others. A higher bactericidal capacity of normal serum with regard to Gram positive as compared with Gram negative bacteria, is confirmed. PMID- 1106730 TI - [Recent controlled study on the symptomatic effects of chenodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of the gallbladder diseases of the dyskinetic type]. PMID- 1106731 TI - Editorial: Familarity breeds contempt. PMID- 1106732 TI - The restoration of injured anterior teeth in children by etch-retained resin. A longitudinal study. PMID- 1106734 TI - John Haigh Pugh, L.D.S. PMID- 1106733 TI - Unusual dental conditions in archaeological material. (3). Congenital absence of second permanent molar. PMID- 1106735 TI - Walter Neville Lyndhurst Morrey, L.D.S. PMID- 1106736 TI - Thomas Leaver. PMID- 1106737 TI - The interaction of tubocurarine and suxamethonium at different stages of recovery from tubocurarine-induced neuromuscular blockade in anaesthetized man. AB - The interaction of tubocurarine and suxamethonium in man was studied by the use of tetanic and single twitch contractions of the adductor pollicis muscles. Suxamethonium 0.2 mg/kg was administered at the times when the recovery of the tetanic contraction from neuromuscular blockade produced by tubocurarine 0.2 mg/kg had reached 20% and 50% of the control. At the 20% recovery point, suxamethonium improved both the tetanic and single twitch contractions; at the 50% recovery point, the single twitch response was markedly enhanced but the tetanic contraction was depressed. The findings suggest that the interaction of tubocurarine and suxamethonium is both antagonistic and synergistic. The tetanic contraction is more sensitive to the synergistic action compared with the single twitch contraction. When the interaction of these two agents is being evaluated it is important to consider the doses of the agents, the stage of curarization where the interaction took place and the method of assessing the neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 1106738 TI - Inhibition of suxamethonium relaxation by tubocurarine and gallamine pretreatment during induction of anaesthesia in man. AB - The effect of tubocurarine and gallamine pretreatments on suxamethonium relaxation was measured in 81 patients. The blocking effect of a constant infusion of suxamethonium (0.58 mg/sec) on the recorded thumb adduction in response to supramaximal ulnar nerve stimulation was reproducible in 18 control subjects: infusion time for 50% block was 37.7 (+/- SEM 1.02) sec. Tubocurarine 3 mg and 6 mg increased the infusion time required to produce 50% block by 33.4 and 54.8% respectively. Gallamine had a similar effect. Clinical conditions for endotracheal intubation were evaluated on a blind basis. Both drugs produced impairment of clinical conditions for intubation after suxamethonium 60 mg infusion. However, when pretreatment by tubocurarine 3 mg was followed by suxamethonium infusion at 1 mg/sec the time course of neuromuscular blockade was identical to that of the controls. There were no fasciculations with this dosage and conditions for endotracheal intubation were excellent. PMID- 1106739 TI - Evaluation of etidocaine in extradural block. AB - Etidocaine has been evaluated in extradural block with regard to its absorption, toxicity and clinical effectiveness, which have been compared with those of bupivacaine. Etidocaine is associated with lower plasma concentrations than bupivacaine and its absorption is decreased by the addition of adrenaline 1:200,000 to a greater extent than is the case with bupivacaine. Etidocaine causes motor paralysis more frequently than does bupivacaine, especially if adrenaline is added. The duration of action of the two drugs is similar when comparing etidocaine 1% and bupivacaine 0.5%. Bupivacaine 0.75%, however, acts for a significantly longer time than etidocaine 1%. The drug is a useful addition to the range of local anaesthetics, especially with regard to the degree of motor blockade it can achieve during surgical procedures. PMID- 1106740 TI - The skeletal muscle response to edrophonium during neuromuscular blockade by tubocurarine in anaesthetized man. AB - Tetanic contractions of the adductor pollicis muscle in man were evaluated continuously after the administration of tubocurarine 0.2 mg/kg and during reversal by edrophonium 0.1 mg/kg. Single twitch contractions of the adductor pollicis were measured simultaneously. The response of tetanic and single twitch contractions during the reversal of tubocurarine blockade by edrophonium were compared. With the tetanic contractions edrophonium, given at recovery up to 20% of the control value, increased the peak tetanic height and restored fully sustained tetanic contractions. This reversal, however, lasted only 3-4 min. The initial peak force of the tetanus settled at a slightly greater level than the value before the administration of edrophonium. The single twitch, however, was reversed and this reversal was well maintained and showed no decline. The results indicate that tetanic and single twitch contractions of the adductor pollicis muscle in man probably represent different aspects of the responses of the neuromuscular junction to edrophonium. The recording of the single twitch alone during the reversal of neuromuscular blockade by edrophonium could lead to a false conclusion about the recovery of transmission. PMID- 1106741 TI - Laboratory and clinical evaluation of an adsorbent, modified, aluminium hydroxide preparation in infected and non-infected diarrhoea. PMID- 1106742 TI - Prophylactic treatment of chronic bronchitis comparing co-trimoxazole and amoxycillin. PMID- 1106743 TI - A comparison of micro-encapsulated aspirin and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1106744 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity. AB - Bronchial hyperreactivity is characterized by increased responsiveness of bronchial smooth muscle to non-specific constrictor stimuli. Tests used in assessing airway calibre are influenced by a number of factors and should be regarded as providing a qualitative rather than quantitative index of reactivity. One important determinant of bronchial reactivity is the resting state of the airways. An increase in resting bronchomotor tone either by the direct action of spasmogens or by the autonomic nervous system may potentiate a subsequent constrictor stimulus. Bronchial challenge may help in the diagnosis of asthma in patients with normal lung function at the time of testing. PMID- 1106745 TI - Betamethasone valerate in corticosteroid-dependent asthmatics. The integrity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. AB - In a single-blind trial 29 patients with corticosteroid-dependent asthma reduced their daily dose of oral prednisolone by 1 mg/week while using a placebo inhaler until an unacceptable degree of asthma occurred. Betamethasone-17-vlaerate in a dose of 800 mug/day and if necessary 1600 mug/day was then substituted for the placebo inhaler and the reduction of oral prednisolone continued until the prednisolone was withdrawn completely or an unacceptable degree of asthma recurred. In 22 patients (76%) prednisolone was withdrawn completely, 11 on 800 mug and 11 on 1600 mug betamethasone-17-valerate. The mean reduction of prednisolone was 3-8 mg on placebo, 5-4 mg on 800 mug and a further 1-8 mg in patients requiring 1600 mug of betamethasone-17-valerate. The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis was assessed by tetracosactrin and insulin stress tests at the start of the study and after withdrawal of oral prednisolone. The results indicate that an HPA axis which is completely suppressed by systemic corticosteroids can regain normal integrity when the systemic steroid is replaced by betamethasone-17-valerate in a dose of either 800 mug/day or 1600 mug/day. Candidiasis was observed, but will be reported later. PMID- 1106746 TI - Objective and subjective comparisons of terbutaline and rimiterol bronchodilator aerosols. AB - Double-blind studies of the bronchodilator effects of rimiterol, terbutaline and a combination of rimiterol and terbutaline were performed in patients with chronic asthma. An objective assessment in 21 patients showed no significant differences between the mean improvements in FEV1 during the first 30 minutes after drug administration. At 45 minutes and thereafter terbutaline produced a significantly greater degree of bronchodilatation than rimiterol or the combination of rimiterol and terbutaline. In a subjective study of 27 patients it was found that they were able to detect the more prolonged duration of bronchodilator activity of terbutaline but not the more rapid speed of onset of action of rimiterol. PMID- 1106747 TI - Pathological aspects of immunization of mice against influenza virus infection. AB - Groups of mice were immunized against influenza Ao/NWS virus by a single intranasal administration of inactivated homologous virus, by 2 intranasal doses of vaccine separated by an interval of 2 weeks, or by 2 intraperitoneal doses of the same vaccine. When subjected 2 weeks later to a standard challenge of 6 x 10(5) egg infecting units Ao/NWS virus instilled intranasally, mortality fell significantly from 64% in unimmunized mice to 39% in mice given a single intranasal dose of vaccine and to 29% in animals which received double intranasal vaccine. The best protection was conferred by double intraperitoneal immunization, after which mortality was 10%. Immunity waned with time, since the mortality of mice doubly immunized by the respiratory route and challenged 30 weeks later was 49%. Intrapulmonary lymphoid tissue developed in large amounts in a proportion of mice immunized by all methods and challenged after an interval of 2 weeks. Attention is drawn to this reaction as a possible unfavourable consequence of vaccination. There were no lesions in the lungs or central nervous system after immunization without subsequent challenge. The importance of histopathology in vaccine trials in experimental animals is emphasized by the consistently higher detection rate of lesions in lungs by histological examination than by visual inspection alone. PMID- 1106748 TI - Demonstration of immunoglobulin containing deposits in glomerular basement membrane in experimental chronic serum sickness using horseradish peroxidase labelled antiserum. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelled antibodies were used in rabbit glomerulonephritis to obtain localization of immunoglobulins in the glomerulus at a light and electron microscope level. Better localization of deposits was obtained with peroxidase labelled antiserum than with immunofluorescence at the light microscope level. Ultrastructurally, immunoglobulin localization was seen to correspond to the electron dense deposits demonstrated in and on the glomerular basement membrane by conventional microscopy. PMID- 1106749 TI - Action of histamine on endothelial cells of guinea-pig isolated hepatic portal vein and its modification by indomethacin or removal of calcium. AB - Methods are described for preparing guinea-pig hepatic portal vein endothelium for light microscopy and electron microscopy. Histamine (100 mug/ml) caused damage to the endothelium which was visible with both the light and electron microscopes. The damage was reduced in the absence of calcium. The reduction was more apparent with the electron microscope than with the light microscope. Indomethacin (100 mug/ml) protected the endothelial cells against the damaging effects of histamine. Possible modes of action of histamine and indomethacin are discussed. PMID- 1106750 TI - Influence of time of infection during pregnancy with coxsackievirus B3 on maternal pathology and foetal growth in mice. AB - Coxsackievirus B3 causes foetal wastage and growth retardation in mice which may be attributed to the action of the virus in destroying the maternal exocrine pancreas. Injection of virus on Day 4 or 8 of gestation caused greater foetal wastage than injection at 12 days. Foetal and placental weights in infected animals were less than in the controls but did not vary according to the time of infection. Little support is offered for the view that the mouse foetus differs in its susceptibility to Coxsackievirus B3 according to the stage in gestation of infection. PMID- 1106751 TI - Response of ampicillin resistant Escherichia coli to cephalosporins in an in vitro model simulating conditions of bacterial growth in the urinary bladder. AB - Five ampicillin resistant strains of Escherichia coli were exposed to cephalosporins in an in vitro model which simulates the hydrokinetic features of the urinary bladder. Although the strains showed substantial zones of inhibition when tested against cephalosporins by the disc diffusion method, the results in the bladder model suggest that, in conditions where the antibiotic concentration is being reduced by dilution and micturition as well as enzymic hydrolysis by the organism, activity of this group of agents may be insufficient to eradicate infection. It is suggested that the results warrant a closer investigation into the efficacy of cephalosporins against ampicillin resistant Gram negative bacilli in vivo. PMID- 1106752 TI - Failure of "thymus factor" to restore transplantation immunity in athymic mice. AB - Implantation of cell impermeable Millipore chambers containing thymuses from normal newborn donors into athymic mice does not confer on them the capability to reject allogeneic skin grafts. The same deficiency is manifested when skin grafted female nude mice are pregnant of foetuses with normal thymuses. These data are thus in sharp contrast to those previously reported for thymic factors reconstituting neonatally thymectomized mice. PMID- 1106753 TI - Livedo reticularis. Signs in the skin of disturbance of blood viscosity and of blood flow. AB - The clinical sign of livedo reticularis derives from stasis of blood in the superficial venous drainage systems of the skin. Many factors can delay the flow of de-oxygenated blood away from the skin, notably hyperviscosity of the blood itself and obstruction due to disease affecting dermal arteries, capillaries, or venules. PMID- 1106754 TI - Treatment of pemphigus with cyclophosphamide. AB - Cyclophosphamide was ineffective in controlling acute disease activity in nine of eleven pemphigus patients, but when given during the remission phase even 50 mg cyclophosphamide per day was sufficient to prevent subsequent relapses in all the patients for quite long periods of follow-up. This small dose of cyclophosphamide could be given to outpatients and there were no side effects. PMID- 1106755 TI - Classification and differentiation of cutaneous lymphomas. Enzyme-cytochemical and immunocytological studies. PMID- 1106756 TI - The retiring editor: Dr John Ellis. PMID- 1106757 TI - Hypothalmic-pituitary relationships in the polycystic ovary syndrome serum gonadotrophin levels following injection of oestradiol benzoate. AB - Injection of oestradiol benzoate was found to elicit a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in 15 of 19 patients with polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was also released, in conjunction with the LH surge, in eight patients. It is concluded that the oestrogen feedback mechanisms controlling mid-cycle gonadotrophin release are functioning normally in the majority of patients with PCO syndrome. Ovulation was subsequently induced by clomiphene alone in those patients who had an LH surge, and by a combination of clomiphene and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in those who had not shown any LH release. PMID- 1106758 TI - Endometrial washings histological and cytological assessment of material obtained with an intrauterine jet washing device. AB - The histological and cytological assessment of material obtained with an intrauterine jet washing device from 138 patients with postmenopausal bleeding, abnormal premenopausal bleeding or infertility is presented. In the first part of the study 55 washings were examined by histological techniques and the findings compared with those in material subsequently obtained by curettage or endometrial biopsy. Only 32 (58 per cent) of the washings were satisfactory for evaluation of the endometrium compared with 46 (84 per cent) of the curettings. When, in the second part of the study the washings in 83 cases were examined by both histological and cytological methods, 76 (92 per cent) were satisfactory compared with 59 (71 per cent) of the curettings. Cytological examination of the washings in the postmenopausal women provided a significantly higher proportion of satisfactory specimens than histological examination alone or evaluation of the curettings. In the whole study, three cases of endometrial carcinoma were diagnosed by endometrial washings and by curettage, while in six cases of endometrial hyperplasia one false negative was obtained by histological examination of the washings and one by examination of the curettings. This study shows that endometrial samples obtained with the intrauterine jet washer provide information about the endometrium which is comparable with that obtained by conventional curettage, and also that in postmenopausal women endometrial lavage may be more reliable than curettage. PMID- 1106759 TI - Mooren's ulcer. Treatment by conjunctival excision. AB - Ten eyes with progressing Mooren's or similar ulcers were treated by excising a 3 to 4 mm ring of limbal conjunctiva adjacent to the ulcer. Eight eyes healed within 3 weeks. Seven of these eyes have remained healed, while one eye has had repeated ulcers which healed when re-treated with conjunctival exicision. PMID- 1106760 TI - Cavernous haemangioma of the retina and optic disc. A report of three cases and a review of the literature. AB - We report characteristics of three cases of cavernous haemangioma of the retina, bringing to 37 the number now reported in the available literature. This rare, benign, congenital malformation is non-progressive, usually unilateral, somewhat more frequent in women, and rarely a source of intraocular haemorrhage. The fluorescein angiographic features include a normal arterial and venous supply, extraordinarily slowed venous drainage, no arterio-venous shunting, no disturbances of vascular permeability, and no secondary retinal exudation. Almost always, isolated clusters of vascular globules with plasma/erythrocyte sedimentation surround the main body of the malformation. These findings differentiate the anomaly from other retinal vascular diseases. Therapeutic intervention is seldom necessary. PMID- 1106761 TI - Lenticonus in spina bifida. A case report. AB - A previously unreported association between spina bifida and anterior lenticonus is noted. The significance of this finding to the aetiology of some cases of spina bifida is discussed. PMID- 1106762 TI - A new suturing needle. PMID- 1106763 TI - Utilization of 14C-labelled Escherichia coli by rats. AB - 1. Escherichia coli was grown on 14C-labelled glucose and fractions representing "whole cells", "cell contents" and "cell walls" were administered orally to rats. 2. 14C appearing as 14CO2 in the expired air and as unidentified radioactive products in urine and faeces was measured until the cumulative recovery showed little change with time. 3. All fractions were digested. The digestibility of cell walls was less than that of the other fractions. 4. There was considerable variation among individual rats. PMID- 1106764 TI - The induction of obesity in rodents by means of monosodium glutamate. AB - 1. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was administered by various methods to mice and rats of various ages and the incidence of obesity was later measured. 2. Newborn mice were injected subcutaneously with 3 mg MSG/g body-weight at 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 d of age; 16% died before weaning. Of the survivors, 90% or more became markedly obese. Mean carcass lipid content was increased by about 120% in both sexes at 20-30 weeks old. In male mice, MSG treatment increased body-weight and epididymal fat pad weight, and greatly decreased adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis in isolated fat cells. Body-eright of females was not increased significantly. Food intake was not increased in either sex from weeks 13 to 15. Blood glucose level was not generally increased by MSG but some of the male mice had abnormally high values. 3. Obesity was not detected in the offspring of female mice that had received 100 g MSG/kg diet, either from 3 weeks before mating until weaning, or from the 14th day of pregnancy until weaning. 4. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg MSG/g body-weight (in two doses) at weaning increased carcass lipid content in female mice by 34% by 23 weeks of age, but female rats were not affected. 5. The addition of 20 g MSG/l to the drinking-water from weaning onwards did not increase carcass lipid content in female rats or mice. 6. The addition of 20 g MSG/kg diet from weaning onwards did not alter body-weight or carcass lipid content in male and female rats by 14 weeks of age. 7. The obesity induced in mice by MSG was not associated with hyperphagia, unlike genetic obesity and obesity induced by gold thioglucose (GTG). 8. All types of mouse studied, obese and lean, had essentially the same linear relationship between carcass water content and carcass lipid content. 9. Although MSG-obese mice could not readily be differentiated from normal mice by the increase in body-weight, which was only about 10% compared to 50-120% for genetic and GTG-induced obesity, the proposed schedule of injections in the newborn was almost 100% reliable in inducing a high extent of adiposity. PMID- 1106765 TI - Substitution of cellular fatty acids in yeast cells by the antibiotic cerulenin and exogenous fatty acids. AB - Cell growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 12341 inhibited by the antibiotic cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of fatty acid and sterol syntheses, was reversed by various exogenous fatty acids. Myristic acid (14 : 0), pentadecanoic acid (15 : 0), palmitic acid (16 : 0), and oleic acid (18 : 1) reversed effectively the growth inhibition by cerulenin. When these cells were reversed by adding pentadecanoic acid, over 90% of native even-numbered fatty acids was substituted by odd-numbered fatty acids. Those in the cells reversed by adding oleic acid were almost all unsaturated fatty acids. Cerulenin did not inhibit either elongation or desaturation systems in S. cerevisiae. PMID- 1106766 TI - Abundant species of poly(A)-containing RNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Hybridization experiments using uniformly labeled poly(A) RNA derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying the "killer character" showed that (1) these molecules appear to be transcribed from repetitive DNA sequences. (2) there are approximately 35 DNA template sequences that are transcribed into poly(A) RNA. It is concluded that under the RNA extraction procedure used, most of the poly (A) RNA represents killer-RNA as judged by the dependence of the kinetic complexity of poly(A) RNA on the genomic complexity of killer-RNA. PMID- 1106767 TI - Activities of guanosine triphosphate analogues in reactions catalyzed by elongation factor Tu and initiation factor 2 of Escherichia coli. AB - In earlier studies two natural analogues of GTP, guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5' triphosphate (pppGpp) and dGTP, were found to substitute for GTP in reactions catalyzed by initiation factor 2 (IF-2) and elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), while only dGTP could replace GTP with elongation factor G. These observations with IF 2 and EF-Tu have been extended to two analogues of GTP modified at the 3' ribose hydroxyl position, 3'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate (3'dGTP) and 3'-deoxy-3' aminoguanosine 5'-triphosphate (3'dNH2GTP). These compounds were found to be similar to GTP, dGTP, and pppGpp in IF-2-dependent formation of N-formylmethionyl puromycin and EF-Tu-dependent formation of N-acetyl-Phe-Phe-tRNA. The apparent Km values for the five guanosine nucleotides were 2 - 10(-6)-4 - 10(-6)M in the former reaction and 2-10(-7)--6-10(-7) M in the latter. These reactions did not have an absolute requirement for either an intact pentose ring or for the guanine base in the nucleotide. Although substantially less active than the guanine nucleotides, ITP and the dialcohol derived from GTP by periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction (ox-redGTP) were partially active in both the IF-2 and EF Tu-dependent reactions, with apparent Km values about 40-100 times those of GTP. PMID- 1106768 TI - Evidence for the participation of a host enzyme in the activation of poly (A) Qbeta RNA as an infectious agent. AB - It has been reported earlier that phage Qbeta RNA (Gilvarg, C., Bollum, F.J. and Weissmann, C. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 72, 428-432) elongated at its 3' terminus with up to 100 or more AMP residues retained its full infectivity for Escherichia coli spheroplasts, and that the resulting progeny did not inherit the poly (A) appendage. We now show that while poly (A)-Qbeta RNA appears to function normally as messenger for the synthesis of virus-specific proteins it has lost its capacity to serve as template for Qbeta replicase. Template function could be restored by phosphorolysis with polynucleotide phosphorylase. Taken in conjunction, these results imply that after poly (A)-Qbeta RNA enters the spheroplast a host enzyme (perhaps polynucleotide phosphorylase) removes part or all of the adenylate residues prior to replication of the RNA. PMID- 1106769 TI - Cell surface glycosyltransferases. PMID- 1106770 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet light on sterol-containing membranes in nystatin solutions]. AB - The nystatin induced conductivity of artificial phospholipid membranes containing ergosterol or 7-dehydrocholesterol drops sharply under the action of ultra-violet light as a result of the transformation of these provitamins into adequate D2 and D3 vitamins. The UV-light does not change the conductivity of the membranes containing cholestrol in nystatin solution. Nystatin slightly effects the membrane resistance in the presence of D2 and D3 vitamins. PMID- 1106771 TI - [Kinetic equation for the process of accumulation of paramagnetic centers in proteins exposed to UV-radiation]. AB - The process of accumulation of paramagnetic centres in UV-irradiated solutions of simple proteins at 77 degrees K has been studied. A kinetic equation describing the accumulation of radicals in protein is obtained. Experimentally obtained curves of radical accumulation coincide with the theoretical ones. PMID- 1106772 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chromatin. AB - The use of a cell wall less mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii allowed the isolation of the nuclei of this organism. The study of the extracted desoxyribonucleoprotein shows that a set of established properties of the chromatin of higher eucaryotes do not apply to this material. This is particularly the case for the failure to sediment in a good yield. This could be due to a low content in basic proteins of the chromatin of Chlamydomonas. PMID- 1106773 TI - The determination of the primary structure of the 16S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli. III. Further studies. AB - In this paper, we describe in detail the recent progress in the nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA from E. coli. The sequence which has been partially or completely determined so far encompasses 1520 nucleotides, i.e. about 95 percent of the molecule. Possible features of the secondary structure are suggested on the basis of the nucleotide sequence and data on sequence heterogeneities, repetitions and the location of modified nucleotides are presented. PMID- 1106774 TI - Further analysis of acyl-CoA-ACP-transacylases of mycobacterium smegmatis. Identification of a long chain alkyl malonyl-CoA-ACP-transacylase. AB - Homogenates were prepared from three sources, Mycobacterium smegmatis Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli and tested for docosyl malonyl-CoA ACP transacylase activity, using ACP purified from E. coli strain B and [2R, 2S, 1, 3-14C2] docosyl malonyl-CoA synthesized chemically, as substrates. Only homogenates of M. semegmatis showed positive transacylase activity. Successive chromatographies on Sephadex G-150 and then on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 prove that neither the palmityl-CoA-ACP-transacylase nor the malonyl-CoA-ACP-transacylase of M. smegmatis are responsible for this activity. The question concerning the identity of the enzyme with one of the two entities exhibiting acetyl-CoA-ACP transacylase activity, previously identified in homogenates of this microorganism (1973 this journal, 55, 1381-1394), remains open for further experimentation. The physiological significance of the presence of a long chain alkyl malonyl-CoA-ACP transacylase in homogenates of M. smegmatis, a representative of the Actinomycetales, is discussed in relation to the mechanism of the biosynthesis of mycolic acids. Chromatography on Sephadex G-100 showed that the substrate of the enzyme, docosyl malonyl-CoA, exists, in 50 mu molar aqueous solution, mostly in an aggregated state. A factor has been identified in the homogenates, which in the presence of radioactive docosyl malonyl-CoA, leads to the formation of a radioactive material showing an apparent molecular weight less than 10000. The nature of this material is discussed. PMID- 1106775 TI - [Stimulation of rna synthesis by chloramphenicol]. AB - The influence of different concentrations of chloramphenicol on the RNA synthesis was studied in E. coli strains CP 78 (rel+) and CP 79 (rel-). In cells growing in the medium with succinate as a carbon source the maximal stimulation of RNA synthesis was obtained in the presence of 5-10 mug/ml of chloramphenicol-that is when the protein synthesis in the cells is decreased to 50-30%. Concentrations of antibiotic 50-100 mug/ml only slightly stimulate the incorporation of 14C-uracil in TCA-insoluble fraction. The high level of RNA synthesis once achieved in the presence of small doses of chloramphenicol was not affected by higher concentrations of antibiotic up to 105 mug/ml. It is suggested that at low doses of chloramphenicol some proteins of positive control of RNA synthesis are synthesized. Under amino acids starvation in the presence of succinate only rel+ cells stopped RNA synthesis. The phenotypic suppression of RNA synthesis with chloramphenicol in these cells is achieved only by high concentrations of antibiotic (50-100 mug/ml). It is proposed that under amino acid starvation RNA synthesis is independent on the protein formation and is determined by relative contents of programmed ribosomes in cells. PMID- 1106776 TI - [Conformational aspects of peptide interaction with proteolytic enzymes. Effect of amino acid residue configuration on binding of stereoisomeric N acetylleucyltyrosine and N-acetyltyrosylleucine methylamides with pepsin]. AB - Ki, Km and kcat. constants which characterize the interaction with pepsin of a complete series of Ac-Leu-Tyr-NHMe and Ac-Tyr-Leu-NHMe stereoisomers are determined. In compounds, containing residues of different configuration, Ki was found to have higher values than Ki or Km in DD- and LL-dipeptides. The data obtained show that not only the rate of peptide bond hydrolysis but also the efficiency of the binding with the enzyme depend on the configuration of the amino acid residue. Differences in the efficiency of pepsin binding of diastereomers is a manifestation of differences in their conformational characteristics. Data on "secondary" binding sites of pepsin are used to account for a mixed type inhibition observed in some cases. PMID- 1106777 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of homopolyribonucleotide synthesized in toluene treated E. coli cells]. AB - Optimal conditions of homopolyribonucleotide (poly-A-14C) synthesis in toluene treated E. coli cells under incubation with ADP-14C, Mg2+ and tris. HCl buffer (pH 8.0) are studied. Optimal Mg2+ concentration was 0.75.-10(-3) M. Heterogeneity of the isolated poly-A-14C from E. coli cell was demonstrated by means of sucrose density gradient (5-20%) centrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Actinomycin D was found not to affect the reaction rate of polymerization of ADP-14C, UDP-14C and GDP-14C, catalyzed by polynucleotide phosphorylase in toluene-treated E. coli cells. PMID- 1106778 TI - [Use of the enzyme thrombin as a hemostatic during World War II]. PMID- 1106779 TI - [Biochemical identification of mutations in ade 2 gene of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. PMID- 1106780 TI - [Inactivation of yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase by sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide]. AB - The kinetics of the inactivation of yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide were studied. Micellar forms of detergents were shown to be an active reagetns under conditions tudied. The possible scheme of the inactivation including reversible formation of the micellar-protein complex and subsequent penetration of the bound detergent molecules in the protein is proposed. The enzyme ionogenic group with pK 7-8 by 25 degrees C is found to be responsible for conformational changes of the enzymes. The influence of the specific ligands on inactivation of yeast pyrophosphatase by SDS is studied, and dissociations constants of corresponding enzyme-ligand complexes are calculated. PMID- 1106781 TI - [Conformational aspects of peptide interaction with proteolytic enzymes. Pepsin catalyzed hydrolysis of cyclic peptides, containing leucyl-tyrosine fragments]. AB - Pepsin was found capable of splitting cycloota- and cyclodecapeptides cyclo (-L leucyl-L-tyrosyl-glycln-), n=6 or 8. The 18-membered peptides cyclo(-L-leucyl-L tyrosyl-glycyl4-) and cyclo(-L-leucyl-L-tyrosy-delta-aminovaleroyl2-) were found stable to the effect of pepsin. To study the kinectics of hydrolysis for tyrosine containing substrates of pepsin, a method of isolation of the unsplit substrate using ion-exchange resins and quantitative spectrophotometric estimation by absortion of tyysis of cycoocta and cyclodecapeptides was characterized by Km and kcat values. PMID- 1106782 TI - [The use of carboxyaminoimidazole ribotide in the determination of phosphoribosyl aminoimidazole carboxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. PMID- 1106783 TI - [Application of the automatic Edman procedure to establishing the primary structure of swine pepsinogen and its fragments]. AB - The automatic Edman procedure was applied to elucidate N-terminal sequences of swine pepsinogen, pepsin, and the fragments of its degradation by BrCN, i. e. B-1 and B-5. A "Beckman" model 890 instrument was used in experiments. 50 amino acid residues were split off the pepsinogen molecule and identified and 55 amino acid residues-off the pepsin molecule by means of gas chromatography. A continuous N terminal sequence of pepsinogen was 119 amino acids, in which the overlapping of the known peptide sequences with enzymic hydrolysers was taken into account. In B 1, B-4, B-5 fragments 22, 31 and 38, residues, respectively were analyzed with the sequencer. PMID- 1106784 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the sensitivity of adsorption methods in serodiagnosis, the complement fixation reaction and in the indicator method]. PMID- 1106785 TI - [Characteristics of the mitochondrial synthesis of protein in lower and higher eucaryotic organisms]. PMID- 1106786 TI - Immunofluorescence studies on the localization of relaxin in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rat. PMID- 1106787 TI - Acceleration of the acrosome reaction and activation of guinea pigs spermatozoa by detergents and other reagents. PMID- 1106788 TI - Photoperiod effect on gonadotropin releasing hormone induced ovulation in the immature rat. PMID- 1106789 TI - Oosorption in insects. PMID- 1106790 TI - A review of response surface methodology from a biometric viewpoint. PMID- 1106791 TI - Comparison of batch and semicontinuous cultures for production of protein from mesquite wood by Brevibacterium sp. JM98A. AB - The production of protein by a Brevibacterium sp. JM98A using mesquite wood as the substrate was compared in batch and semicontinuous cultures. A 14 liter glass fermentor with automatic pH, temperature, and foam control was used for the study. A pH range of 6.6 to 7.2 was optimum for the growth of JM98A. The batch and semicontinuous cultures were compared on the basis of viable cell counts, protein production, CMC-Ase (beta-1,4-glucanase) activity, and filter paper cellulase (beta-1,4-glucan cellobiohydrolyase) activity. Total hexose, cellulose, and reducing sugar consumption were measured. The semicontinuous process yielded 2.97 times as much protein in 72 hr as the batch cultures. Most of the biomass resulted from the utilization of soluble sugars rather than from the degradation of cellulose during the semicontinuous process. PMID- 1106792 TI - Engineering analysis of continuous production of L-aspartic acid by immobilized Escherichia coli cells in fixed beds. AB - The reaction mechanism and decay behavior of aspartase activity for immobilized Escherichia coli cells were investigated by using a sectional packed column. Reaction within the immobilized cell column proceeded at zero-order on substrate solutions ranging in concentration from 0.1 to 1.0M, and the initial reaction rate was found to be 1.556 X 10(-2) mol/min/liter of immobilized cells. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate constant was investigated. The Arrhenius plot was a straight line at temperatures below 43 degrees C, and the activation energy for immobilized cells was calculated to be 12.36 kcal/mol. Aspartase activity in the immobilized cell column decayed exponentially and uniformly in all sections of a column. Its half-life was approximately 120 days. The rate of formation of L-aspartic acid was shown to be independent of column dimensions. PMID- 1106793 TI - Centromeric linkage. PMID- 1106794 TI - Poiseuille Gold Medal Award ceremony. Presentation address. PMID- 1106795 TI - Biophysical chemistry of cartilaginous tissues with special reference to solute and fluid transport. PMID- 1106796 TI - The heterogeneity and properties of folate binding proteins from chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that some chronic myelogenous leukemia cells contain a macromolecular binding factor for folic acid. This binder, which previously was believed to be a single factor, has now been resolved into two distinct binding proteins. Separation of each binder was obtained by DEAE chromatography of the partially purified lysate of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. One binder has a molecular weight of 30;000-35,000, and the second binder has a molecular weight of 40,000-45,000. Both proteins bind the mono-, di-, and triglutamates of folic acid, N10-methyl-folate, dihydro-folate, and N5 methyltetrahydrofolate. Neither binder has determinants for N5 formyltetrahydrofolate or methotrexate. The preferred substrates for both binders appear to be the fully oxidized and partially reduced folates rather than the fully reduced folates. The lower-molecular-weight folate binding protein shows reversible binding with partially and fully reduced folates but irreversible binding with oxidized folates. This property suggests that this binder may have some function in the transport and storage of folate. The higher-molecular-weight folate binding protein, however, has only slight reversibility of binding with the partially and fully reduced folates, and it is therefore more difficult to postulate a physiologic function for this binding factor. PMID- 1106797 TI - In memoriam: Winifred M. Ashby 1879-1975. PMID- 1106798 TI - Central nervous system complications in patients with diffuse histiocytic and undifferentiated lymphoma: leukemia revisited. AB - Fifteen of 52 patients (29%) with diffuse histiocytic and undifferentiated pleomorphic lymphoma developed central nervous system (CNS) complications, primarily leptomeningeal lymphoma. Lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid cytology was the most useful test for diagnosis, and for following the response to therapy. Leptomeningitis developed during all stages of the patients' clinical course: at time of diagnosis, during progression of systemic disease, and most importantly as the initial site of relapse within 7 mo of attaining a complete clinical remission. Patients with bone marrow involvement are at high risk for the development of leptomeningeal lymphoma. Pathologic findings suggest that entry into the leptomeninges involves extension from the medullary bone marrow cavity along perforating vessels through dura into the arachnoid space. The leptomeningeal lymphoma has been successfully controlled in all patients receiving intensive central nervous system therapy consisting of a combination of intrathecal drug administration and radiotherapy. The high frequency of this syndrome and the success in its control suggest that a controlled trial of prophylactic CNS therapy be instituted in patients with these histologic types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 1106799 TI - [Leukocyte antigens and their clinical significance]. PMID- 1106800 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in children with aplastic anemia and acute lymphatic leukemia. AB - A boy with severe Aplastic Anemia (AA) and a girl with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in relapse have been grafted with marrow from HL-A identical, mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) negative siblings after appropriate immunosuppressive and antileukemic therapy. Both of them are well 7 and 2 months after transplantation respectively. Bone marrow transplantation should be considered in children with AA and ALL in relapse, if HL-A identical, MLC negative siblings are available. PMID- 1106801 TI - Veterans Administration Prosthetics Center research report. PMID- 1106802 TI - Highlights of other VA research programs. Prosthetics. PMID- 1106803 TI - Highlights of other VA research programs. Sensory aids. PMID- 1106804 TI - A comparison of EMG feedback and progressive muscle relaxation training in anxiety neurosis. AB - Two similar groups of adult psychiatric patients carrying the diagnosis of anxiety neurosis were compared in their response to different methods of training in deep muscle relaxation. One group received EMG feedback and the other a modification of the Jacobson Progressive Relaxation method. The frontalis muscle was chosen as the target for feedback training and for the measurement of tension reduction in both groups, for the reason that this muscle has been shown to reflect the general muscle tension level in anxious patients. Training was carried out under controlled laboratory conditions, and objective muscle tension levels were obtained. Overall changes in the status of the anxiety symptoms, as determined by global ratings from patients and from primary therapists, were also compared in the two groups at the end of training. The results of the study indicated that both EMG feedback and the progressive muscle relaxation training produced significant reductions in frontalis tension levels. However, EMG feedback was found to be generally superior in producing larger reductions in muscle activity, with a concomitant relief in anxiety symptoms, for a greater number of the patients. PMID- 1106805 TI - Recognizing faces. AB - Following a review of the stimulus and subject factors which have been found to affect recognition faces, the question of whether this process can be considered a special one is dealt with. Evidence from studies involving the development of face recognition, the recognition of inverted faces, and the clinical condition prosopagnosia is considered, and in each case found to be inadequate for the unequivocal conclusion that the processes underlying face recognition are qualitatively different from those employed in recognizing other pictorial material. PMID- 1106806 TI - How tight should tension sutures be tied? A controlled clinical trial. AB - In a prospective randomized trial there was no advantage in tying tension sutures flush with the wound; by tying them loosely (over three fingers of the assistant's hand) there was less wound pain and less cutting in of the tension suture into the ridge of the wound and along the suture tracks. PMID- 1106808 TI - G B Mitchell-Heggs. PMID- 1106807 TI - Does the choice of suture material affect the incidence of wound infection? A comparison of dexon (polyglycolic acid) sutures with other commonly used sutures in an accident and emergency department. AB - One hundred and four patients with superficial lacerations were sutured with either Dexon (polyglycolic acid), silk, polyethylene or nylon sutures. The incidence of postoperative tissue reaction and wound infection was compared. There were few complications and these occurred with almost the same frequency in each suture group, although there were slightly more cases of infection in the patients who were sutured with silk. Dexon was seen to possess certain advantages in that it caused as little tissue reaction as the other sutures but did not have to be removed subsequently. This could clearly be of benefit to the patients and hospital staff alike. PMID- 1106809 TI - H W Burge. PMID- 1106810 TI - Comparison between ibuterol hydrochloride and terbutaline in asthma. AB - The bronchodilating effect, circulatory effects, and subjective side effects of ibuterol hydrochloride, the di-isobutyric acid ester of terbutaline, at two dose levels (2 and 4 mg) were compared with those of 5 mg terbutaline sulphate in a double-blind cross-over study on 12 patients with asthma. Both drugs were given by mouth. The 2-mg dose of ibuterol had the same bronchodilating effect during the first three hours as 5 mg terbutaline. The 4-mg dose, however, produced a significantly greater increase in the peak expiratory flow rate between the 30th and 120th minutes than terbutaline. No significant changes in heart rate or pulse amplitude were noted, and there was no difference in the incidence of subjective side effects between ibuterol at either dose level and terbutaline. PMID- 1106811 TI - Prognostic value for immediate function of one-hour renal allograft biopsy. PMID- 1106813 TI - Obituary notices. PMID- 1106812 TI - Chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 1106815 TI - Evans TS. PMID- 1106814 TI - Brockman RS. PMID- 1106816 TI - Pearce TV. PMID- 1106818 TI - Letter: Renal transplantation. PMID- 1106817 TI - Comparison of intravenous aminophylline and salbutamol in severe asthma. PMID- 1106819 TI - Letter: Shortage of organs for transplantation. PMID- 1106820 TI - Letter: C-Film as a contraceptive. PMID- 1106821 TI - Leithead CS: CBE, MD, FRCP, DTM&H, DOBSTRCOG. PMID- 1106822 TI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae petite mitochondrial DNA of suppressive and neutral haploids and of [rho-] diploids obtained from crossing [rho+] to a neutral petite. AB - An unusual property of GR25a [rho+] was the production of 20 to 30 percent [rho-] zygote colonies when crossed to a tester strain lacking mitochondrial DNA. Spontaneous [rho-] isolates of GR25a [rho+] were observed to be highly suppressive and to contain mitochondrial DNA of a parental buoyant density (1.685 g/cm3). Three ethidium bromide induced neutral petites of GR25 a [rho+] did not have detectable mitochondrial DNA and were neutral in crosses to [rho+] strains. Seven [rho-] zygote colony isolates obtained from crossing GR25a [rho+] to a neutral peptite were shown to contain abnormal mitochondrial DNA. Six zygote colony isolates had mitochondrial DNA of a buoyant density less than, or equal to, GR25a (1.682 - 1.685 g/cm3), whereas one isolate had a buoyant density greater than GR25a (1.688 g/cm3). It was suggested that abnormal mitochondrial DNA is generated during the mating reaction. PMID- 1106823 TI - Action of "colonie lisse" mutation on cell morphology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The mutation of one of the genes of the series PLi in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen brings about a reduction in the size of the cells. Besides, the mutation of some genes (PLi 5 and PLi 7) induces a change in the scanning microscopy appearance of the cell wall. PMID- 1106824 TI - An account of the radium collar and the Finzi Harmer implant. AB - Dr. J. G. Stewart of the Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute in Manchester gave an anecdotal account of two methods which were previously used to radiate laryngeal carcinomata and neck nodes. Both techniques have been superseded by newer irradiation techniques, but in view of their considerable success and historical interest, they are included here. The first paper concerns the radium collar which was used for the treatment of late cases of laryngeal carcinoma, and in particular for cases with neck nodes. The second is a brief account of the Finzi Harmer radium needle implant technique, which was at one time widely used. PMID- 1106825 TI - Glimpses of surgical history: G for gastric surgery, gastrostomy, Beaumont and St. Martin. PMID- 1106826 TI - Delayed primary closure in colon operations. AB - Secondary closure of incisions by tape is a simple, safe procedure. In a retrospective series of 179 contaminated surgical wounds (incisions for colon operations) delayed wound closure resulted in a lower incidence of wound infection (5.8%) than did primary closure of similar wounds (11.8%). Although wounds left open do become infected, the acute swelling and systemic signs typical of an infection in a closed wound never develop. Delayed closure facilitated wound healing in hospital: only 3.8% of patients thus treated left hospital with open wounds, but 9.5% of patients whose wounds were closed primarily left hospital with wounds that were partially or completely open. PMID- 1106827 TI - Delayed primary closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in abdominal surgery. AB - Infection-prone abdominal incisions in 143 patients were managed by delayed primary closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall. The overall wound infection rate was 1.4% and the rate for 74 open, large bowel operations was 2.7%. These rates compare favourably with a rate of 3.1% for clean inguinal hernia repairs done by the same surgical team over the same period. Delayed primary closure, carried out on the ward 3 days after operation, was simple, easy and did not prolong hospital stay. Its use is recommended in closing all abdominal wounds associated with a special risk of infection. PMID- 1106828 TI - Dexon: an excellent suture for midline incisions. AB - In a period of 18 months, 100 midline incisions of 93 patients were closed with interrupted 0 Dexon sutures. The Smead-Jones far-and-near stitch was used. There were no early disruptions and no incisional hernias in follow-up periods ranging from 5 days to 14 months. Four wound infections healed readily without prolonged drainage. Incisional pain was minimal in all patients. A group of 18 patients with potential for poor healing because of hemorrhage, sepsis, malignancy and steroids had no wound complications apart from an acceptable rate of infection. It is concluded that interupted 0 Dexon with wide fascial placement provides an excellent closure for midline incisions. PMID- 1106829 TI - A field-trip microtechnique for studying fish leukocyte chromosomes. PMID- 1106830 TI - Obituary: Robert Davies Defries. PMID- 1106831 TI - Canadian psychiatrists in publications of APA, 1948-1958 source materials. PMID- 1106832 TI - Involvement of the central nervous system in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Twenty-four patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and CNS involvement are presented. There were 7 cases with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (HL), 9 with diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDLL-D), of whom 6 patients were in leukemic conversion, 5 patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDLL-N), and 3 cases with undifferentiated lymphoma (UL). CNS complications were noted only in Stage IV lymphoma; the prognosis was generally poor. Histiocytic lymphoma was associated with widespread parenchymatous infiltration, whereas PDLL was usually associated with leptomeningeal seeding. The clinical course and the neuropathologic findings are discussed. PMID- 1106833 TI - 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea(BCNU), cyclophosphamide, vincristine- and prednisone-(BCOP). A new therapeutic regimen for diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. AB - Sixty-seven evaluable patients with mixed cellular and histiocytic lymphomas, both nodular and diffuse, were treated with a combined drug regimen of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone administered for six monthly courses. Of 28 previously untreated patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, 14 (50%) achieved a complete remission, and an additional 7 (25%) had a good partial response for an overall remission rate of 75%. Complete remissions were also obtained among the small number of mixed and nodular histiocytic lymphomas which were treated. The median survival for previously untreated patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma who achieved a complete remission is nearly two years and 42% (8/19) of these patients remain in their initial unmaintained remission (range 2-119 weeks). Hematologic toxicity, although acceptable, was the limiting factor. Granulocytes were more often and more severely depressed than platelets. PMID- 1106834 TI - Differential uptake of alkylating agents by normal and leukemic lymphocytes. AB - When 14C-labeled cyclophosphamide and nitrogen mustard were incubated separately with normal lymphocytes and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the amount of radioactivity associated with the normal cells far exceeded that detected on the leukemic lymphocytes. This comparative diminution may be analogous to the impaired PHA response and excess surface immunoglobulin which serve as identifying markers of the malignant B cell. Cytotoxicity and neuraminidase experiments indicated that drug uptake by lymphocytes is not capricious and may occur in an optimum, predetermined fashion. Although surface uptake and therapeutic response are not necessarily directly interrelated, initial peripheral contact with an antineoplastic agent may be an essential step which modifies tumor sensitivity or resistance. PMID- 1106835 TI - Metastatic reticulum cell sarcoma and lactic acidosis. AB - The clinical course of a woman with metastatic reticulum cell sarcoma and intractable lactic acidosis is described. Although her illness was dominated by a myelopathy, she developed severe lactic acidosis which could not be related to decreased tissue oxygen delivery. Necropsy showed extensive hepatic replacement with tumor and widespread disease. This and other possible pathogenetic factors causing lactic acidosis are discussed. PMID- 1106836 TI - Clinical evaluation of a method of quantitative determination of homovanillic acid for the estimation of degree of tumor dissemination process in melanoma of the skin. AB - Homovanillic acid (HVA) was determined both in 45 patients with different forms of melanoma and those hospitalized on the suspicion of melanoma and in 15 healthy persons. Excretion rate of homovanillic acid within the normal limits was observed in patients with benign melanotic neoplasms of the skin (4.4 +/- 0.56 mg/24 hr) and in local forms of melanotic melanoma of the skin (4.5 +/- 0.24 mg/24 hr). In patients with metastases to regional nodes as well as in patients with locally disseminated forms of melanotic melanoma of the skin the concentration of homovanillic acid increased up to 11.1 +/- 0.93 mg/24 hr. Especially strong concentration of homovanillic acid was registered in patients with disseminated malanotic melanoma of the skin, and it made up 15.7 +/- 2.04 mg/24 hr. There was evident tendency to the elevation of HVA excretion level as generalization of the process which was taking place. The data obtained enable the authors to recommend the determination of HVA excretion as an additional diagnostic test as well for prognosis of melanoma development together with other clinicomorphological data. PMID- 1106837 TI - Breast thermography as a screening technique. An evaluation of performance data. AB - The concepts of relative operating characteristics (ROC-curves) and detectability index (d') are introduced for the purpose of evaluating performance in breast thermography. In assessing published information on the subject we have found that much of it is anecdotal and lacks sufficient data to determine performance. We have also found that for those published findings which had sufficient data it was possible to reconcile conflicting conclusions as to the efficacy of thermography, and that performance could be quantitated with the use of the detectability index. Conclusions for optimizing available clinical thermographic techniques are given together with ways for future improvement. PMID- 1106838 TI - Myron R Karon. PMID- 1106839 TI - Interaction of Rhodium(II) carboxylates with molecules of biologic importance. AB - Rhodium(II) acetate, propionate, and butyrate showed a considerable variation in their antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice, with the butyrate complex being the most active. The three complexes markedly inhibited DNA synthesis of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo. Rhodium (II) butyrate was the most potent inhibitor followed by the propionate complex. One hour after administration, rhodium(II) propionate and butyrate induce more uridine-5-3H incorporation into RNA than is seen in the controls. Equilibrium dialysis studied showed that rhodium(II) acetate-1-14C binds to single stranded DNA, poly-A, ribonuclease A, and bovine serum albumin but not to highly polymerized native calf thymus DNA, poly-G, or poly-C. In these cases binding occurred at the two axial positions of rhodium(II) acetate to a nitrogen donor in the ligands. The formation constants of the rhodium(II) acetate and propionate complexes with 5' adenosine monophosphate were determined. The rhodium(II) propionate complex was more stable. Sedimentation and viscosity measurements of poly-A and poly A/rhodium(II) acetate complexes indicate a high degree of intramolecular crosslinking in the rhodium(II) acetate/poly-A complex. The rhodium(II) carboxylate complexes were also found to be potent inhibitors of purified DNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 1106840 TI - Review of the current clinical status of platinum coordination complexes in cancer chemotherapy. AB - During the past 3 years, eight hospitals and one cooperative study group have reported their initial clinical results with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). The most popular clinical schedule was 15-25 mg/m2/day for 5 days repeated every 3-4 weeks. Almost all patients had extremely advanced disease. Of 323 patients in whom response could be evaluated, there were 12 complete responses, 25 partial responses (greater than 50% decrease in tumor size), and 23 improvements (greater than 50% decrease in tumor size) for a 19% overall response rate. The tumor most sensitive to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) was testicular carcinoma in which seven complete responses, three partial responses, and three improvements were observed in 16 patients treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Other sensitive tumors were lymphoma (63% response and improvements), squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (41% response and imporvements), and ovarian carcinoma (40% response and improvements). Complete responses were also seen in one patient with thyroid carcinoma and two with bladder carcinoma, while partial remissions were recorded in two patients with breast carcinoma and one patient each with acute myelogenous leukemia, endometrial carcinoma, renal carcinoma, malignant thymoma, neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, and an undifferentiated tumor of unknown origin. Five major types of toxicity were encountered: gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, immunosuppressive, otologic, and renal, with the last two generally the most serious. Serial audiometry testing can generally warn of the otologic toxicity and thus prevent permanent acoustic damage. Renal toxicity, which is similar to that seen with heavy-metal poisoning, appears to be dose related, cumulative, and only partly reversible, thus, severely limiting the repeated administration of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). Recent laboratory studies suggest that combination chemotherapy with this drug may be rewarding. Studies of this nature should be pursued along with attempts to find more effective less toxic platinum compounds. PMID- 1106841 TI - Clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde (NSC-118994). AB - An initial clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde has been carried out in 40 patients at dose levels of 30-4000 mg/m2 for 5 days given intravenously (iv) monthly. At 1.5 g/m2, noncumulative dose-related toxicity occurred in all patients which consisted of nausea and vomiting, local pain, alterations in coagulation mechanism, elevated partial thromboplastin time, and positive Coombs' test. No dose-limiting leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, or bleeding occurred; however, depression of the leukocyte and platelet counts, and decreased hemoglobin value were observed. The dose-limiting toxic effect was renal tubular damage with reversible acute renal failure in one of four patients who received 3000 mg/m2 iv for 5 days. Refractory hypercalcemia was controlled in three of three patients without tumor effect. Responses occurred in patients with seminoma, oat cell carcinoma, and melanoma. A starting dose of 2 g/m2 for 3 days monthly is recommended for phase II trials and a trial in lung carcinoma is now being conducted. PMID- 1106842 TI - Use of combination adriamycin (NSC-123127) and DTIC (NSC-45388) in children with advanced stage IV neuroblastoma. AB - Adriamycin and DTIC were used in combination because of their reported effectiveness in neuroblastoma when administered as single agents and because of the poor survival rate of patients with this malignancy in its disseminated stage. Eighteen patients with previously treated stage IV neuroblastoma received this combination chemotherapy every 21 days. Two to eight courses were administered. Two partial and no complete remissions were seen. Mild to moderate gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity was observed. PMID- 1106843 TI - Treatment of solid tumors and lymphomas with methyl-CCNU (NSC-95441): a phase II study. PMID- 1106844 TI - 5-Fluorouracil (NSC-19893) compared to cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) in bronchogenic carcinoma: results of a clinical study. PMID- 1106845 TI - Clinical trial of the oral form of a new podophyllotoxin derivative, VP-16-213 (NSC-141540), in patients with advanced neoplastic disease. PMID- 1106846 TI - 5-Fluorouracil (NSC-19893) therapy for pancreatic carcinoma: comparison of oral and intravenous routes. PMID- 1106847 TI - Alternating administration of adriamycin (NSC-123127) and vincristine (NSC-67574) actinomycin D (NSC-3053) in advanced sarcomas. AB - Fifteen patients with surgically incurable, advanced, and metastatic sarcomas were treated with courses of adriamycin and vincristine-actinomycin D alternating within a 7-week cycle. Three patients had objective partial responses for more than 3 months (liposarcoma, 4 months; fibrous histiocytoma, 15+ months; desmoid tumor, 19+ months) while two other patients (liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma) had lesser responses. No beneficial effect could be attributed to therapy in two patients with leiomyosarcoma, two patients each with synovial cell sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, and one patient each with rhabdomyosarcoma and mesenchymoma. No additive effect of alternating full doses of these agents could be demonstrated over the published data on response to adriamycin or actinomycin D alone. PMID- 1106848 TI - Dibromodulcitol (NSC-104800) compared with cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) as remission maintenance therapy in previously treated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute undifferentiated leukemia: possible effectiveness in reducing the incidence of central nervous system leukemia. AB - Dibromodulcitol and cyclophosphamide are both alkylating agents. In this study, these two drugs were compared for their effectiveness as remission maintenance therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute undifferentiated leukemia. Toxic effects were similar in both groups of patients although cystitis did not occur with the dibromodulcitol treatment. The duration of remission was slightly shorter for dibromodulcitol than for cyclophosphamide (P = 0.04). There was, however, a lower incidence of CNS leukemia in the patients treated with dibromodulcitol, which did not seem to be related to a basic difference in the patient groups. PMID- 1106849 TI - Phase II study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (NSC-119875) in combination with cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) in the treatment of human malignancies. AB - The effectiveness of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in the treatment of human malignancies is evaluated. The first stage of our investigation consisted of a phase I study to determine toxicity. In the second stage attempts were made to reduce toxicity by varying the modes of administration, and the third stage comprised studies of combination chemotherapy including cis dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). A total of 74 patients have been treated, 20 of whom received the combination of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) and cyclophosphamide. Major toxic effects included vomiting, mild leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, decreased creatinine clearance, audiologic toxic effects, hyperuricemia, and nephrotoxicity. Measurable regression of tumors was seen in 18 of the 74 patients and ten of the 18 patients who responded had been given the combination of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(ii) and cyclophosphamide. PMID- 1106850 TI - Structural studies on the O-specific side-chains of the cell-wall lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O 75. AB - The structure of the O-specific side-chains of the cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O 75 has been investigated, using methylation analysis and Smith degradation as the principal methods. The O-specific side-chain was found to be composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating-unit of the following structure: (see article) PMID- 1106851 TI - Haemodynamic studies during short-term preservation of the autoperfusing heart lung preparation. AB - Preservation of the donor heart in a viable state for even a few hours would greatly facilitate clinical cardiac transplantation. The autoperfusing heart-lung preparation has been investigated for periods of 2 to 6 has a means of short-term preservation of the heart. Its functional capability has been assessed by observations of a number of haemodynamic parameters, including those parameters believed to give an indication of the state of myocardial contractility. Although conversion of the normal circulation to that of the preparation was accompanied by considerable falls in max dP/dt and its derivative max dP/dt/P, there was a subsequent stabilization or improvement in these parameters during the period of autoperfusion. Haematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid staining of the myocardium showed no evidence of myocardial ischaemia during the perfusion period. These observations, together with other haemodynamic and histological observations, suggested that myocardial perfusion by this technique was satisfactory. The effects of a coronary dilator such as dipyridamole have been observed, and its value in approximating the coronary and pulmonary blood flows in such a preparation is discussed. These studies would suggest that the autoperfusing heart-lung preparation can provide a simple and satisfactory form of short-term storage of the heart and, with further experience, may prove of value in clinical cardiac transplantation. PMID- 1106852 TI - Effects of catecholamines on the coronary circulation in the Langendorff-type transplanted dog heart. AB - Intracoronary administration of isoprenaline, adrenaline, and the noradrenaline in the Langendorff-type transplanted dog heart transiently decreased coronary blood flow measured from the inflow vessel; flow then increased. The reduction in coronary flow coincided with increased myocardial contractility and was prevented by keeping the left ventricle empty. Propranolol prevented changes in flow and contractility. It is concluded that positive inotropic changes result in the ejection of accumulated Thesbesian flow from the ventricle and affect coronary flow measurements and that the interpretation of flow changes requires a steady state. PMID- 1106853 TI - [Our dermato-venereology in the last 30 years]. PMID- 1106854 TI - [Changes of serum acetoin level in patients with liver diseases after intravenous administration of alpha-lipoic acid]. PMID- 1106855 TI - [The 70th birthday of Prof. Konopik]. PMID- 1106856 TI - [20 years of teaching medical terminology]. PMID- 1106857 TI - [In memory of Assistant Prof. Jan Herold, C.Sc]. PMID- 1106858 TI - [30 years in the development of human bioclimatology in our country]. PMID- 1106859 TI - [The 60th birthday of Assistant Prof. Frantisek Macholda, M.D., C.Sc]. PMID- 1106860 TI - [Czechoslovak gerontology in the last 30 years]. PMID- 1106861 TI - [Hyperacute rejection in allotransplanted kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106862 TI - [The 20th anniversary of the death of a surgeon-philosopher (Rene Leriche 1879 1955)]. PMID- 1106863 TI - [Development of internal medicine in the past 30 years]. PMID- 1106864 TI - [In memory of Prof. Josef Lukas, D.Sc]. PMID- 1106865 TI - [The 70th birthday of Prof. Vratislav Bazant, D.SC]. PMID- 1106866 TI - [The 60th birthday of Prof. Josef Vanek, D.SC]. PMID- 1106867 TI - [The 60th birthday of Prof. Jaromir Svaty, C.SC]. PMID- 1106868 TI - The surface structure of isolated pancreatic islet cells. AB - The surfaces of isolated pancreatic islet cells were studied with the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Islets were isolated from the pancreas of Wistar rats by collagenase treatment and were incubated either in glucose-free medium or in 300 mg% glucose for one hour. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in the media of both control and experimental preparations was assayed. Islets were then transferred to 4% glutaraldehyde, buffered with cacodylate, pH 7.4, and prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cell masses average 200 mu in diameter. Alpha cells appear pyramidal in shape, are about 8 mu in diameter and appear in groups. Beta cells are round or oval in shape and have an average diameter of 10 mu. Glucose stimulation raised the IRI value tenfold and increased the number of blebs and other surface irregularities per unit area of beta cell surface. Comparison with transmission electron micrographs suggests that the blebs are related to the process of emiocytosis. PMID- 1106869 TI - Changes in myosin distribution in dedifferentiating and redifferentiating smooth muscle cells in tissue culture. AB - Isolated smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts from the newborn guinea-pig vas deferens were grown in culture. In the first 2 days, all cells characterized as smooth muscle by phase-contrast microscopy reacted intensely with fluoresceinated antibodies against smooth muscle myosin. The fluorescence was in the form of particles (termed here "myosin aggregates"), which were often aligned to give the cell a striated appearance. After 3-5 days, coarse fluorescent fibrils were also visible. These were termed "attachment fibrils" ("A-fibrils") since they were thought to represent myosin in microfilament bundles. Between 6 and days in culture, the smooth muscle cells began to dedifferentiate morphologically. At this time, the "myosin aggregates" became clumped and less intensely fluorescent. "A-fibrils" also decreased in fluorescence intensity. By 8 days in culture, the dedifferentiated cells had undergone intense proliferation and gave only a minimal reaction with myosin antibodies. However, when a confluent monolayer of cells formed on day 9 or 10, they immediately began to redifferentiate ultrastructurally and to regain immunofluorescence in both "myosin aggregates" and "A-fibrils". Throughout the entire culture period, cells characterized as fibroblasts by phase contrast microscopy gave only a weak reaction with fluoresceinated antibodies to myosin showing "A-fibrils" but no "myosin aggregates". PMID- 1106870 TI - Interferon inhibition of the primary in vitro antibody response to a thymus independent antigen. PMID- 1106872 TI - T-rosettes in hemodialysis patients and renal allograft recipients. PMID- 1106871 TI - Mechanisms of antibody formation. II. Use of DNP-Ficoll in studies of hapten specific B-cell responses. PMID- 1106873 TI - Maintenance and amplification of cell-associated immunological memory in in vivo culture system. PMID- 1106874 TI - Immunoadjuvant activity of pyran copolymer. I. Evidence for direct stimulation of T-lymphocytes and macrophages. PMID- 1106875 TI - Functional significance of the complement receptors on B lymphocytes. PMID- 1106876 TI - [The analysis of the sense of movement. Letters from Josef Breuer to Ernst Mach]. PMID- 1106877 TI - [The influence of medieval botany on the horticultural literature of the 16th to the 18th century]. PMID- 1106879 TI - [30 years of Czechoslovak pharmaceutical industry]. PMID- 1106878 TI - The history of Wilhelm Johannsen's genetical terms and concepts from the period 1903 to 1926. PMID- 1106880 TI - [Apothecary regulations for Bohemia in the year 1628]. PMID- 1106881 TI - [20 years of the Pharmaceutical Development Center. Perspectives of building of pharmacies]. PMID- 1106882 TI - [20 years of the Pharmaceutical Development Center. Work of its Committee for Technological Development]. PMID- 1106883 TI - [60-years of Kielland's forceps]. PMID- 1106884 TI - [The 75th birthday of Prof. Josef Hynie, M.D., D.Sc]. PMID- 1106885 TI - [The 75th birthday of Prof. Miloslav Matousek, M.D., D.Sc]. PMID- 1106886 TI - [The 80th birthday of Chief Physician Svatopluk Vesely]. PMID- 1106887 TI - [The 70th birthday of Chief Physician Anton Fric M.D. and the 50th birthday of Chief Physician Josef Lazar, M.D]. PMID- 1106888 TI - [In memory of Prof. J. Lukas, M.D., D.Sc]. PMID- 1106889 TI - [In memory of Prof. Lubor Jilek, D.Sc]. PMID- 1106890 TI - [1st professors of physiology in Prague (1750-1776)]. PMID- 1106891 TI - [Contribution of the Czech otology to the surgery of the acoustic nerve tumors according to Professor Otakar Kutvirt]. PMID- 1106892 TI - [The 60th birthday of Head Physician Ondrej Stermensky]. PMID- 1106893 TI - [Slovak pathology on the 30th anniversary of the liberation of our country by the Soviet army]. PMID- 1106894 TI - [Biopsy center 50-years ago and to-day]. PMID- 1106895 TI - [The 60th birthday of Prof. Jaroslav Svejda, M.D., D.Sc]. PMID- 1106896 TI - [Sterotactic approach to sexual deviation treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 1106897 TI - [The 60th birthday of Director Frantisek Hajek, M.D]. PMID- 1106898 TI - [The 60th birthday of Prof. Kostlan]. PMID- 1106899 TI - [Scientific and research activity of dentistry in Slovakia after liberation]. PMID- 1106900 TI - [30 years of the Stomatological Clinic at Hradec Kralove]. PMID- 1106901 TI - [The 65th birthday of Assistant Prof. Zdenek Vejrosta, C. Sc]. PMID- 1106902 TI - [Lenin's principles of propaganda and agitation--the basis of the theory and practice of health education in the socialist society]. PMID- 1106903 TI - [Whipstitch technic in corneal grafts using a nylon monofilament]. PMID- 1106904 TI - [Iconographic aspects of the rejection reaction in corneal homografts]. PMID- 1106906 TI - [Arion's thread in ptosis surgery]. PMID- 1106905 TI - [Continuous corneal suture]. PMID- 1106907 TI - [Keratoplasty by rotation of a transfixed autograft]. PMID- 1106908 TI - The concept of active state in striated muscle. PMID- 1106909 TI - Lung water and urea indicator dilution studies in cardiac surgery patients. Comparisons of measurements in aortocoronary bypass and mitral valve replacement. AB - We measured transpulmonary indicator dilution curves of 51Cr-erythrocytes, 125I albumin, 14C-urea, and 3H-water before and six and 24 hours after operation in seven patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass (ACB) and eight patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR). We calculated cardiac output (CO), extravascular lung water (EVLW), the difference between 125I-albumin and 51Cr erythrocyte distribution volumes (EV albumin), the difference between 14C-urea and 51Cr-erythrocyte distribution volumes (EV urea) and 14C-urea extraction (E) and permeability -surface ares (PS) products. Comparisons between 16 ACB studies and 17 MVR studies showed the MVR group to have a higher EVLW (P less than 0.01). Extravascular lung water decreased after operation. The ratio of EV urea to EV albumin averaged 1.35 in the MVR group and 0.91 in the ACB group (P less than 0.001). 14C-urea E was also higher in the MVR group (P less than 0.05), but PS was similar in the two groups. None of the differences was related to the time that studies were done. We showed that EVLW, calculated using both 125I-albumin and 51Cr-erythrocytes as intravascular indicators and measured blood water content, had a constant relationship to EVLW calculated using only 125-I-albumin as the intravascular indicator and neglecting blood water content, over a broad range of cardiac outputs, hematocrist, and lung water volumes. We conclude that patients with mitral valve disease have an increased distribution volume and E for urea, probably due to hemodynamic changes but possibly due to increased vascular permeability. Extravascular lung water decreases after cardiac surgery regardless of the type of operation. A single intravascular indicator is adequate for estimating extravascular lung water in humans. PMID- 1106910 TI - Electrophoretic amylase fractionation as an aid in diagnosis of pancreatic disease. AB - Six alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) isoenzymes have been resolved electrophoretically on cellulose acetate membranes in a discontinuous buffer system. The fastest migrating isoenzymes are of salivary origin (S1, S2, S3), the slower ones of pancreatic origin (P1, P2, P3). We determined the amylase isoenzyme distribution in the sera of 240 subjects. A specific pancreatic isoenzyme (P3) was observed in all clinically diagnosed cases of acute or chronic pancreatitis as well as in 15 of 40 renal-transplant patients. Moreover, P3 isoenzyme activity declined during apparent recovery from pancreatitis. The P2 isoenzyme appeared in 95% of all specimens, P1 in only 2%. The pancreatic isoenzymes were preferentially excreted in the urine of both renal-transplant patients and normal individuals. The major salivary isoenzyme, S1, was observed in 95% of all serum and urine samples; however, the S2 and S3 appeared less consistently. Our method is simple and rapid, and quite applicable for use in clinical evaluation of patients with pancreatitis or with certain nonpancreatic dysfunctions. PMID- 1106911 TI - Improved microscale assay for purine phosphoribosyltransferase activities. AB - We describe an improved and rapid filter-type assay for purine phosphoribosyltransferase activities. 14C-labeled purine bases are used as substrates, and the equipment includes a sampling manifold and glass-fiber filters coated with polyethyleneimine-cellulose. The method is especially suited for assay of a large number of samples, and may be useful for other enzyme activity measurements. PMID- 1106912 TI - The immunological consequences of antigen overload in experimental mycobacterial infections of mice. AB - Mice infected in the tail with M. ulcerans developed transient cell-mediated immunity which disappeared as the bacterial load increased. Lymph node cells from animals in this late phase of the disease transformed spontaneously in vitro. This transformation was inhibited by mycobacterial antigen. Lymph node cells from mice injected intravenously with 10(8) or 10(9) BCG also transformed spontaneously in vitro. Such animals did not become foot pad test-positive. Evidence is presented that the spontaneous transformation may represent an accumulation of specifically sensitized cells due to trapping in nodes overloaded with persistent antigen. The relevance of such a phenomenon to 'desensitization' in human and animal disease is discussed. PMID- 1106913 TI - Rapid quantitation of changes in macrophage volume induced by lymphokine in vitro. AB - A new machine, the Coulter Channelyzer P128, has been used to measure the mean cell volume of suspensions of normal guinea-pig macrophages. Macrophage volume, expressed in cubic microns, has been examined after various times of storage and subsequently after contact with varying concentrations of lymphokine. It is suggested that this machine improves the speed and accuracy of quantitating one in vitro assay of lymphokine activity. PMID- 1106914 TI - Guinea-pig nephrotoxic nephritis. I. The role of complement and polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the effect of antibody subclass and fragments in the heterologous phase. AB - In guinea-pig nephrotoxic nephritis induced by a sheep antibody there was minimal glomerular capillary deposition of C3 and accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in the heterologous phase. The C4-deficient strain developed the same injury as normal Duncan-Hartley animals. Complement depletion with cobra venom factor, polymorph depletion with nitrogen mustard or anti-PMN serum and treatment with antihistamines provided no protection. The relationship between the dose of nephrotoxic antibody and the proteinuria was similar for gamma1 and gamma2 subclasses and the F(ab')2 fragment of gamma1 antibody. However, the F(ab') and F(ab) antibody fragments, though fixing on the glomerular basement membrane, did not cause proteinuria. It is concluded that the development of proteinuria in this system: is largely independent of the complement-polymorph system; is due to the fixation of the F(ab')2 fragment of the antibody molecule; and does not depend on an intact Fc piece. PMID- 1106915 TI - A paraprotein in severe combined immunodefeciency disease detected by immunoelectrophoretic analysis of plasma. AB - A qualitative study was made of the plasma immunoglobulins of a child with severe combined immunodeficiency. By immunoelectrophoresis an immunoglobulin with an abnormal electrophoretic mobility was detected. This protein possessed mu heavy chain determinants, gave no detectable reaction with antisera specific for light chains, was of a relatively small molecular size, and was probably not composed of subunits held together by easily reduced disulfide bonds. The light chains that were present in this patient's plasma had a homogeneous electrophoretic mobility. The patient's plasma also contained at least two other immunoglobulins whose antigenic identity could not be established. One of these was abnormal in its electrophoretic mobility. The presence of the abnormal protein with mu determinants in the plasma of the second unrelated child with a similar disease suggests that the detection of this protein may have implications for the diagnosis or classification of immunodeficiency diseases. PMID- 1106916 TI - An indirect immunofluorescent test for human antibodies to tetanus toxoid using an insoluble toxoid as antigen. AB - An indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) test for detection of human antibodies to tetanus toxoid is described using an ethylchloroformate-prepared polymer of tetanus toxoid as the particulate slide test antigen. Titres of the FA test were compared with those obtained with the toxin neutralization (TN) test in mice. No antisera were FA-positive at less than 0-0025 AU/ml. Positive correlation of the FA test with the TN test was 50% between 0-0025 and 0-01 antitoxin units/ml (AU/ml) and 100% between 0-02 and 160 AU/ml. In general, an increase in FA titres correlated with an increase in TN titres beginning at about 0-08-0-16 AU/ml. PMID- 1106917 TI - Clinical applications of the continuous flow blood separator machine. AB - The NCl/IBM or Aminco Continuous Flow Blood Separator Machine is a safe apparatus for the selective removal or exchange of either packed red blood cells, leucocyte rich or platelet-rich layers or plasma. Abnormal fractions from any of these layers may be collected and discarded. Normal constituents may be collected for therapeutic uses. The wide scope of its applications includes important uses in clinical immunology: temporary provision of good leucocytes or platelets; harvesting of immune leucocytes (preparation of transfer factor at up to 10 units per harvest); removal of cryo- or macro-globulins, immune complexes or blocking factors; replacement therapy for antibody or complement deficiencies. Examples are given of such uses together with some of the medical problems so far encountered. PMID- 1106918 TI - Binding of the complement intermediate C56 to zymosan in acute phase human sera. AB - C56 is known to appear in the fluid phase when zymosan is incubated at 37 degrees C with certain acute phase 'reactor' sera. In the present study, C56 was detected bound to the zymosan particle prior to its appearance free in solution. In reactor sera C56 was formed and released with kinetics similar to that of the generation and decay of a C56-binding site formed when zymosan was incubated with normal serum. Bound and fluid phase C56 was detected only in reactor sera, and was generated only by agents known preferentially to activate the properdin pathway. Elution of C56 from zymosan in hypertonic salt solutions proved to be a convenient step in the partial purification of large amounts of this haemolytically active bimolecular complex. PMID- 1106919 TI - Increased antibody production following depression of hepatic phagocytosis. AB - The influence of Kupffer cell blockade on the humoral immune response to suboptimal doses of intravenous sheep red blood cells has been measured in mice. Hepatic phagocytosis was suppressed using dextran sulphate. Direct (IgM) and indirect (IgG) plaque-forming cells were measured in spleens from treated and untreated mice at varying times after the antigen. The results show that after Kupffer cell blockade both IgM and IgG responses correspond to the responses seen after a 10-fold greater dose of cells in control animals. The implications of this are discussed. PMID- 1106920 TI - Ultrastructural and serological studies on the resistance of activated B cells to the cytotoxic effects of anti-immunoglobulin serum. Patch and cap formation of surface immunoglobulin on mitotic B lymphocytes. AB - Previous studies have shown that rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin sera (anti-Ig) which kill non-activated B lymphocytes in the presence of complement, are incapable of doing so when the cells are activated by antigen or mitogen into mitosis. Results reported here indicate that the resistance is not dependent on either the source of antiserum or complement, or on the presence of a mitotic inhibitor, colcemid. Immunoperoxidase staining-electron microscopy techniques were applied to assess whether there was any conspicuous difference between unstimulated versus mitogen-stimulated, mitotic cells with respect to density or distribution of cell surface Ig. No such differences were found; furthermore, mitotic cells showed rapid classical 'patch and cap' formation of cell surface Ig when incubated with anti-Ig at room temperature, indicating the retention of fluid membrane dynamics by lymphocytes in this stage of the cell cycle. In contrast to this cytotoxic resistance, T or B lymphocytes in mitosis were found to be as sensitive, or more so, to lysis by various other antisera when compared to non-mitotic cells. Thus the resistance of mitotic B cells to the cytotoxic effects of anti-Ig serum seems unique and appears independent of any conspicuous quantitative or qualitative change in cell surface Ig. PMID- 1106921 TI - Effects of oestrogens and pregnancy on the distribution of sheep erythrocytes and the antibody response in mice. AB - Mice pre-treated with three oestrogenic preparations showed increased hepatic and reduced splenic uptake of 51Cr-labelled sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). The anitbody response to SRBC wahe number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen parallels the amount of SRBC localizing in this organ and that both can be depressed or enhanced by appropriate pre-treatments with oestrogens or colloidal carbon. The effects of these agents are mediated through stimulation or 'blockade' of the phagocytic activity of liver macrophages. Changes in localization of SRBC in pregnant mice were similar to those found after treatment with oestrogens. These changes were, however, rather small and the antibody response of pregnant animals was not affected. PMID- 1106922 TI - Human sperm antigens and antisperm antibodies I. Studies on vasectomy patients. AB - This study documents the types and incidence of antisperm antibody, detectable by indirect immunofluorescence, in 114 patients before vasectomy, 112 at 2 months and 71 patients at 6-9 months after vasectomy. Indirect immunofluorescence techniques revealed antibodies to seven distinct sperm antigens. Five of these antigens were readily accessible to antibody in vitro, and the remaining two were accessible only after treatment of spermatozoa with dithiothreitol and trypsin. Antisperm antibodies were detected in 61% of patients before vasectomy. The incidence rose to 77% at 2 months and 90% at 6-9 months after vasectomy. These antibodies were distinguishable into two groups based on their incidence before vasectomy. The first group included antibodies to antigens in the acrosome with a diffuse distribution, the equatorial region, the postacrosomal region and the midpiece of the tail. Its incidence was 61% before vasectomy; increased to 73% at 2 months and 80% at 6-9 months after vasectomy. The second group included antibodies to the sperm nucleus, the tail and to discrete antigens over the acrosome. They were found rarely (3%) in patients before vasectomy; increased in incidence to 25% at 2 months and 55% at 6-9 months after vasectomy. Antisperm antibodies of both groups existed as IgG and IgM classes; an exception being antibodies to sperm nucleus which were almost exclusively IgG. Of the antibodies, 14% were found to fix complement in vitro. Other autoantibodies, including antinuclear, antimitochondrial and antismooth muscle antibodies, did not develop following vasectomy. PMID- 1106923 TI - Humoral and cell-mediated immunity in experimental progressive thyroiditis in rabbits. AB - Rabbits immunized over a long period of time with serial injections of aqueous preparations of either bovine thyroglobulin or chemically altered rabbit thyroglobulin develop progressive thyroiditis. As is short-term thyroiditis in rabbits and mice, this thyroiditis is characterized by lesions and cellular infiltration similar to that observed in Arthus reactions. Once the progressive thyroiditis is established, the rabbits respond readily to subsequent injections of native rabbit thyroglobulin. No significant reduction of lesions or circulating antibody is observed when injections of native rabbit thyroglobulin are substituted for the preparations used to induce the disease. Cell-mediated hypersensitivity to rabbit thyroglobulin, as evidenced by MIF activity, develops in rabbits after prolonged immunization with altered or cross-reacting thyroglobulin. It is suggested that this activity develops as a result of a loss in the unresponsive state in T lymphocytes. The data indicate that it is the persistence of circulating antibody to autologous thyroglobulin which sequesters autologous thyroglobulin from peripheral lymphoid tissue, and thus, results in the loss of the unresponsive state in lymphocytes of these tissues. It is suggested that similar events may be involved in the development of cell-mediated hypersensitivity in thyroiditis in humans. PMID- 1106924 TI - The immunoglobulin class responses to oral poliovaccine in coeliac disease. AB - An indirect immunofluorescent technique has been used to study the incidence and immunoglobulin class distribution of the serum antibody response to type II oral poliovaccine in patients with adult coeliac disease and matched control subjects. Nineteen out of thirty-eight (50%) patients with coeliac disease showed an antibody response compared with only seven out of thirty-eight (18%) control subjects. Poliovirus-specific IgA responses were observed in sixteen out of thirty-eight (42%) coeliac patients compared with seven out of thirty-eight (18%) control subjects, while poliovirus-specific IgG responses were observed in only ten out of thirty-eight (26%) coeliac patients and four out of thirty-eight (11%) control subjects. No poliovirus-specific IgM responses were observed. The pre immunization poliovirus-specific IgA titres of those subjects who showed an antibody response were significantly higher in the coeliac group than in the control group. PMID- 1106925 TI - Localization of immunoglobulins in intestinal mucosa and the production of secretory antibodies in response to intraluminal administration of bacterial antigens in the preruminant calf. AB - Immunofluorescent studies of intestinal tissues from young preruminant calves demonstrate the presence of two main populations of immunocytes synthesizing IgA and IgM. These cells had infiltrated the lamina propria of the intestine as early as 4 days of age. There was little evidence of any significant involvement of IgG1 in intestinal immune synthesis of calves at this age although activity was demonstrable in the ileum and colon of one calf. In general there were more IgG2 synthesizing cells than IgG1, but these were few compared with the main populations of IgA and IgM cells. Local antigenic stimulus to the intestinal mucosa of young fistulated calves using extracts of heat-killed Gram-negative bacteria produced antibody in the secretions over a period of approximately 3 weeks. A second administration of a similar antigenic dose produced a similar response indicating the requirement for continuous stimuli to maintain a measurable level of antibody secretion. Gel filtration and antiglobulin assays indicated that the antibacterial activity was predominantly associated with IgA and that IgM also played a significant role. Oral administration of bacterial antigens to colostrum-fed calves from 5 to 8 days of age produced a faecal antibody response, indicating that intestinal secretion could be successfully interrelated with the declining passive antibody to maintain an almost continuous level of intestinal antibody in early life. PMID- 1106926 TI - PHA stimulation of separated human lymphocyte populations. AB - Lymphocyte preparations from peripheral blood and tonsils were separated into populations enriched with T or B cells by formation of rosettes with SRBC and separation of the rosette-forming and non-rosette-forming populations. T cell enriched populations were also prepared by nylon column filtration. Using these methods preparations were obtained which comprised 80--95% T or B lymphocytes as determined by E-rosette formation and surface immunoglobulin (Ig) staining. PHA responsiveness, measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, varied between relatively wide limits and was critically dependent on the degree of separation obtained. Relatively pure B-cell populations (less than 12% T cells) from blood and tonsils gave low PHA responses while preparations from blood still containing 24--38% T cells gave responses equal to or even greater than those of unseparated controls (60--78% T cells). T cell-enriched populations (80--86% T cells) responded to an equal or greater degree than controls but more efficient separation (greater than 90% T cells) resulted in markedly reduced stimulation. There was thus no simple correlation between the degree of phytomitogen-induced transformation and the number of T cells present. It is concluded that the low response of relatively pure T-cell populations may be due to depletion of B cells or non-lymphoid cells (or both) during the separation procedures. These observations have implications for the use of PHA stimulation as a measure of T cell activity in mixed populations such as those of human peripheral blood leucocytes. PMID- 1106927 TI - Randomized trial of transfer factor treatment of human warts. AB - Dialysed transfer factor, prepared from the leucocytes of a donor whose warts had undergone recent spontaneous regression, was used in the treatment of a child with the Wiskott--Aldrich syndrome. The child then had a spontaneous regression at multiple warty areas. A similar relationship was seen in four otherwise healthy patients in a pilot study. A randomized double-blind study of thirty patients failed to confirm a causal relationship between the transfer factor therapy (equivalent to 2-1 X 10(8) leucocytes) and wart regressions. The need for randomized trials of transfer factor therapy for diseases with a variable natural history is emphasized. PMID- 1106928 TI - Studies on the interaction of macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) with the macrophage. PMID- 1106929 TI - Controlled clinical trials and glomerulonephritis. PMID- 1106930 TI - Controlled clinical trials and glomerulonephritis. PMID- 1106931 TI - Leukocyte responses to acute renal transplant rejection. AB - A retrospective study of the response of the leukocyte count to renal transplant rejection was performed in 159 rejection episodes. Results of the study showed that 1. contrary to what is commonly thought leukocytosis is the least common response to acute rejection and a decrease in leukocyte count is far more common, 2. a sudden decrease in leukocyte count in a previously stable patient can be an early sign of rejection, 3. there is a significantly greater incidence of graft loss in rejection episodes characterized by leukopenia and 4. the risk of infection following rejection is greatest in patients with rejection characterized by leukopenia. PMID- 1106932 TI - Impairment of phagocytic activity of macrophages as studied by the skin window test in patients on regular hemodialysis treatment. AB - In 7 patients with less than 4 months of regular hemodialysis treatment (RDT), in 28 patients with more than 4 months RDT and in 9 normal subjects, the skin window technic of Rebuck and Crowley was used to study the cellular response and the phagocytic activity of macrophages. Phagocytosis of carbon particles is decreased in the patients with less than 4 months dialysis, whereas it is not significantly different from the normals in those being dialyzed for longer periods. PMID- 1106933 TI - DNCB sensitivity in cancer patients. A review based on sequential testing in 430 patients. PMID- 1106934 TI - The efficacy of carbamazepine combinations in epilepsy. AB - The efficacy and bioavailability, and tolerance to carbamazepinee when administered with phenobarbital or phenytoin or with both drugs were evaluated in a prospective, double-blind study of patients whose seizures were not completely controlled by currently available antiepileptic drugs in usually therapeutic dosages as determined by serum levels. During each of four 21-day treatment periods, one fourth of the patients received daily doses of: (1) carbamazepine (1,200 mg) and phenytoin (300 mg); (2) carbamazepine (1,200 mg) and phenobarbital (300 mg); (3) phenytoin (300 mg) and phenobarbital (300 mg); or (4) carbamazepine (1,200 mg), with phenytoin (300 mg) and phenobarbital (300 mg). The treatment periods were separated by 2 wk of each patient's usual prestudy medication. Treatment with all three drugs was the most efficacious for seizure control. Serum carbamazepine concentration was significantly decreased when the drug was administered with either phenytoin or phenobarbital or both. PMID- 1106935 TI - Superior bioavailability of digoxin solution in capsules. AB - The bioavailability of various formulations of digoxin was assessed after single and multiple doses in a series of crossover studies in human volunteers. Digoxin tablets that were 97% dissolved in 1 hr in vitro were not significantly better absorbed than tablets with a dissolution rate of 78%. A solution given in capsule form had greater bioavailability than tablets of 97% dissolution rate; serum and urinary glycoside levels after 0.4 mg doses of the encapsulated solution were similar to those attained after 0.5 mg doses of tablets with dissolution rates of 78% and 97%. The bioavailability of the solution in capsule form exceeded that of equal doses of the same solution given as a liquid or that of a standard elixir. No increase in gastrointestinal or cardiac toxicity was detected. Inter- and intrasubject variation in bioavailability was not decreased. Above a certain level, dissolution rate is no longer the limiting factor in digoxin absorption. The mechanism of the enhanced bioavailability of concentrated liquid digoxin in capsule form remains to be determined. Such a preparation deserves further consideration as a possible replacement for digoxin tablets. PMID- 1106936 TI - Assay of aspirin and naproxen analgesia. AB - To establish the relative potency of naproxen and aspirin for oral analgesia, a 4 point, noncrossover bioassay with placebo control was undertaken with 197 patients. Subjective-response methods were used to determine two measures of postoperative analgesia over a period of 6 hr. With reasonable confidence for an oral analgesic assay, we found 220 mg of naproxen to be equivalent to 600 mg of aspirin for pain relief and 330 mg of naproxen to be equivalent to 600 mg of aspirin for decreased pain intensity. PMID- 1106937 TI - Clinical biostatistics. XXXV. The persistent clinical failures and fallacies of the UGDP study. PMID- 1106938 TI - The nylon column dye test: a possible screening test of phagocyte function. AB - 1. A simple quantitative test has been developed to investigate phagocyte function. 2. This test is performed by the addition of Nitroblue Tetrazolium to whole blood, followed by the isolation of leucocytes on a column of nylon wool. Dye reduction by phagocytes is apparent as a blue coloration of the column due to the formation of formazan. The formazan can be extracted from the column and measured spectrophotometrically. 3. The formation of formazan was found to be directly related to the number of phagocytes in blood. 4. Two patients with chronic granulomatous disease gave abnormal results, suggesting that the test procedure may be of value as a screening procedure for this disease. PMID- 1106939 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of the antihypertensive action of pindolol]. PMID- 1106940 TI - "Mental illness" and "disease": outmoded concepts in alcohol and drug rehabilitation. AB - Are the addict and alcoholic mentally ill? By traditional standards, yes. The validity of the "mental illness" concept and its associated psychiatric labeling process, however, is challenged. A synthesis of the human ecological systems and third-force frames of reference is presented as a viable alternative to the medical "disease" model of alcoholism and drug dependency. According to the proposed disease model, "alcoholism," "addiction," and "mental illness" are considered to be modes of coping with pain and anger associated with a person's participating in social systems that frustrate self-actualization and diminish self-esteem. Combined treatment of "alcoholics," "addicts," and "nonaddicted psychiatric patients" is supported with qualifications. PMID- 1106941 TI - Occurrence of lipoprotein lipase in the fat-body of Triatoma maculata. PMID- 1106942 TI - [Concepts of health and illness described by Nightingale]. PMID- 1106943 TI - Yale-New Haven Hospital Spina Bifida Center: introduction of the pediatric nurse practitioner in a program of comprehensive management. PMID- 1106944 TI - A journey into the past: history of the Connecticut State Medical Journal 1936 1958. PMID- 1106945 TI - Betamethasone dipropionate in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. PMID- 1106946 TI - Frank Leonard Polito, M.D. 1895-1975. PMID- 1106947 TI - Cerebrovascular disease: a brief overview. PMID- 1106948 TI - Renal transplantation as definitive therapy for endstage renal disease. PMID- 1106949 TI - Time constant of thermistors and its role in thermodilution methods. AB - Thermolution serves for measuring either the cardiac output or the size of cardiac ventricles. In the former instance, an accurate determination of the area under the dilution curve, and in the latter, a true tracing of the thermal changes with time are of special importance. Because the size of the area is independent of the time constant, and a curve devoid of marked stroke waves is better suited for automatic integration, thermistors with time constants of 0.8 to 1.0 sec are chosen for this purpose. A reliable determination of the time constant is described. In measurements of the size of cardiac ventricles, a true course of thermal changes with time can be recorded with a thermistor possessing a very short time constant: 0.01 to 0.02 seconds. It is very difficult to make such thermistorized probes or catheters. It is easier to make thermistors with a time constant of 0.1 o 0.2 sec, well insulated, which may serve both requirements. By compensation, the time constant is reducible to 0.01 to 0.2 sec, making possible a true-shape recording of thermal changes for the measurement of the ventricular size, or the constant can be prolonged to 0.8 to 1.0 sec for instrumental integration. If both the shape and the time course of the thermal changes have to be truly recorded, then a non-insulated thermistor with a very short time constant has to be used. PMID- 1106950 TI - Radiology of acute appendicitis and its complications. PMID- 1106951 TI - The T-odd bacteriophages. PMID- 1106952 TI - The single-stranded DNA phages. PMID- 1106953 TI - Histones, chromatin structure, and control of cell division. PMID- 1106954 TI - Chemical and structural changes within chick erythrocyte nuclei introduced into mammalian cells by cell fusion. PMID- 1106955 TI - Control of gene expression during the terminal differentiation of erythroid cells. PMID- 1106956 TI - Drosophila antigens: their spatial and temporal distribution, their function and control. PMID- 1106957 TI - Changing populations of reiterated DNA transcripts during early echinoderm development. PMID- 1106958 TI - Regulation of messenger RNA translation during insect development. PMID- 1106959 TI - An historical survey of radiobiology and radiotherapy with fast neutrons. AB - The treatment of cancer using fast neutrons was first attempted from 1938 to 1942, only a few years after the identification of the particle in 1932. The radiobiological information which was available at that time was both inadequate and contradictory, and provided no definite rationale for using neutrons in preference to X-rays. The doses given were often too high, causing many patients to suffer severe late reactions. As a result, further attempts to use fast neutrons in radiotherapy were abandoned for nearly 30 years. Interest in the use of fast neutrons was stimulated again by the elucidation of the oxygen effect and the discovery that it was less for neutrons than for X-rays. Thus tumours containing hypoxic cells would be less protected against neutrons. Also the reduced repair of sublethal damage with neutrons provided at least a partial explanation of the miscalculation of dose in the early trial. This was confirmed by means of a series of experiments on pig skin, from which it was also concluded that late damage was not more severe after neutrons, compared with X-rays for a given degree of early damage. A new clinical trial began in 1966, and the results so far are encouraging. In order to relate radiotherapy experience with X-rays to neutrons, it is necessary to measure the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of neutrons. This has been done for skin of man, pig, mouse and rat. Because of the smaller recovery from sublethal damage after neutrons, the RBE increases as the dose per fraction decreases, but the relationship between RBE and dose per fraction is the same for all four species. Similar information, but only for rodents, has been obtained for a variety of other normal tissues with both cyclotron-produced and monoenergetic 14 or 15 meV neutrons. Experiments with animal tumours have indicated that there might be a wide variation in RBE from tumour to tumour due both to the presence of hypoxic cells and to differences in their capacities to recover from sublethal damage after X-rays and neutrons. The largest series of experiments on one tumour shows that whereas certain fractionation techniques with X-rays may produce a poor tumour response for a given level of normal tissue damage, all the neutron regimes produced a similar, close to optimum result. There is no evidence from which to expect any special dangers from neutron irradiation, and their likely advantage is that they may provide a more reliable method of radiotherapy as well as sterilizing some tumours which are normally resistant to X-rays. PMID- 1106960 TI - Colicin typing of Shigella sonnei isolated in Northern Taiwan. AB - Eighty-eight strains of Shigella sonnei isolated in northern Taiwan during the period of 1970-1974, were studied for their colicin types by a modified method of Abbott and Shannon. As a result, 67(76%) typable and 21(24%) non-typable strains were found. The prevalent colicin types of S. sonnei in northern Taiwan were types 15(52%) and 6(15%), followed by types 8(3%), 11(3%) and 12(3%). Other types were not found. PMID- 1106961 TI - Escherichia coli isolation from raw milk in central and southern Taiwan and their susceptibility to drugs. AB - From September 1972 to May 1973, 285 raw milk samples and 25 samples of high temperature treated retail milk were examined for Escherichia coli. High temperature treated mild was negative but from raw milk samples 320 strains of E. coli were isolated, among which 25 were enteropathogenic. Using Poly A, Poly B and nonovalent antisera whose pathogenic strains were classified into 6 serotypes: 0-26, 0-55, 0-119,0-125, 0-126 ad 0-128. About half (12) of them belonged to 0-119. Three pathogenic E. coli were sensitive to all of the 8 antibiotics tested while others were resistant to 1-3 antibiotics. Among the 295 nonpathogenic strains, 115 were sensitive to all antibiotics whereas the rest were resistant to 1-5 kinds of antibiotics. PMID- 1106962 TI - [Primary reticulosarcoma of bone]. PMID- 1106963 TI - [Peritonitis in infants, small children and childhood]. PMID- 1106964 TI - [Surgical treatment of hypospadias and epispadias]. PMID- 1106965 TI - [Transfer to the hand of a sensitive free graft]. PMID- 1106966 TI - A comparison of dextro-amphetamine and racemic-amphetamine in the treatment of the hyperkinetic syndrome or minimal brain dysfunction. AB - In a double-blind trial of placebo, dextro-amphetamine, racemic-amphetamine, and methylphenidate, each used for a week, in 48 children with the diagnosis of Minimal Brain Dysfunction or Hyperkinetic Syndrome, it was found that although on the average dextro-amphetamine as well as methylphenidate was significantly superior to racemic-amphetamine, with side effects about the same, in some cases racemic-amphetamine was superior to both dextro-amphetamine and methylphenidate. In 20 cases, improvement was about the same for both the dextro and racemic forms; of these 20, side effects were absent for both in 10 patients; dextro amphetamine showed fewer side effects in 3 patients, and racemic-amphetamine showed fewer side effects in 7 patients. In 20 other patients, dextro-amphetamine resulted in greater clinical improvement than racemic-amphetamine, while in 7 cases the reverse was true. PMID- 1106967 TI - Liquid lithium vs. solid lithium: an open, cross-over, pilot study comparing oral preparations. AB - This paper suggests some of the possible advantages of a liquid lithium preparation and describes an open, cross-over, pilot study comparing solid (capsule or tablet) with liquid lithium salt preparations in terms of obtained blood levels and side-effects for a nonmanic-depressive prison population. PMID- 1106968 TI - Isoniazid (I.N.H.) in the treatment of depressive syndrome: a pilot trial. AB - An account of a pilot trial of Isoniazid as an anti-depressant is given. About 70% of the total patients improved and above 50% of them improved markedly. The improvement was sustained even after withdrawal of the drug. No patient worsened and the drug was very well tolerated on the whole. These preliminary results of a pilot trial amply justifies further exhaustive study of this drug, particularly in depressions. PMID- 1106970 TI - [Calculation of the distribution function of cylinder diameters from coherent radiation scattering data]. PMID- 1106969 TI - Self-training of new eating behavior for weight reduction. AB - The problems of obesity are well documented, but few medical treatment programs have proven successful. Recently developed behavioral techniques have offered promise in the treatment of obesity. However, the time invested by a therapist limited their practical use and adoption by the general physician. A pilot study was conducted which employed a brief period of explanation of behavior modification techniques, development of an individualized program of eating behavior and recording of weight changes to provide feedback on progress. The program is carried out by patients at home with a minimum of physician supervision. The results indicate that such an approach is feasible and successful. Comparing this program to other programs is difficult because of the variability in reporting data and results. PMID- 1106971 TI - [Effect of the prvl mutation of Escherichia coli K-12 on cell repair capabilities]. PMID- 1106972 TI - [Relation of working cycle stages of factorless ("nonenzymatic") translation to magnesium concentration]. PMID- 1106973 TI - [Isolation of a protein factor increasing the infectivity of bacteriophage lambda DNA]. PMID- 1106974 TI - [Erythropoiesis inhibition during suppression of the autoimmune plaque formation phenomenon]. PMID- 1106975 TI - [Morphogenesis of the early stages of hematopoiesis recovery in the spleen of irradiated mice following bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 1106977 TI - [Long-term follow-up of children with urinary tract infection: bacterial spectrum, E. coli-serotypes 0, relapse, and reinfection (author's transl)]. AB - Within 4 years 1400 children were investigated for urinary-tract infection in a long-term study. Children with manifest infection were treated and followed-up. In 59 children with chronic pyelonephritis 159 recurrences were observed: 146 were reinfections (change of organism) and 13 relapses (organism unchanged). Serotyping of 0-antigens showed differences between children with chronic pyelonephritis and children with a single exacerbation within the observation period. Reinfection with resistant bacteria mainly occurred shortly after cessation of therapy. PMID- 1106976 TI - Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of griseofulvin in man and animals. PMID- 1106978 TI - [Detection of oral antidiabetics]. PMID- 1106979 TI - [Diagnostic approaches in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. AB - 333 sera from 295 patients were tested for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence, and for their binding capacities towards "native", double stranded DNA (anti-nDNA) by a commercially available radioassay kit. 63 out of 66 SLE sera were ANA positive, and 42 were anti-nDNA positive. 267 "non SLE" sera were also tested, originating from patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (77), rheumatoid arthritis (86), scleroderma (40), pseudo-LE syndrome (35), and various other "collagenous" diseases (29). 120 of these 267 sera were ANA positive, while only 16 (6%) gave elevated anti-nDNA values. Thus it appears that this anti-nDNA test kit is a helpful tool for the serological diagnosis of SLE. PMID- 1106980 TI - [Neurologic complications of chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 1106981 TI - [Pregnancy and fertility testing in swine by means of plasma progesterone determination]. PMID- 1106982 TI - [The etiology and pathogenesis of the acute back muscle necrosis of swine]. PMID- 1106983 TI - [Mucormycosis in the liver of swine]. PMID- 1106984 TI - [Contribution to the management of fractures of the head in horses --II. Stylohyoid fractures]. PMID- 1106985 TI - [Studies on the influence of high K dosages on fertility in heifers. Ist communication. Research plan and clinical findings]. PMID- 1106986 TI - [The effectiveness of fenbendazole, thiabendazole and tetramisole against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants]. PMID- 1106987 TI - [Scab of sheep]. PMID- 1106988 TI - [Influence of chloramphenicol on barbiturate anesthesia in the dog]. PMID- 1106990 TI - [Leukemic tumor the size of a child's head on the udder of a cow]. PMID- 1106989 TI - [Enzyme activity in the serum of pheasants (Phasianus colch. colch. L.)]. PMID- 1106991 TI - [The sexual life of the dog]. PMID- 1106992 TI - [Hygienic control in breeding of Hannover warm-blooded horses. 2. Drawing and bacteriological examination of presecretion specimens from stallions]. PMID- 1106993 TI - [Oral treatment of udder actinomycosis in swine]. PMID- 1106994 TI - [Chronism in pigs]. PMID- 1106995 TI - [5 years of positive experiences in artificial insemination of pigs]. PMID- 1106996 TI - [The dynamics of leukocytes and the microflora of the uterus contents during normal and pathological puerperium and in chronic endometritis in cattle]. PMID- 1106997 TI - [Metabolic changes induced by long term cortisol and insulin therapy in laying hens]. PMID- 1106998 TI - [The spontaneous occurrence of scorbutic changes in a randomly bred strain of laboratory rats]. PMID- 1106999 TI - [The tolerance formulas in the light of the metabolic body weight]. PMID- 1107001 TI - [X-ray scanning in diagnosis]. PMID- 1107000 TI - Simple analgesics. AB - A number of drugs are available that act fairly specifically as "mild" analgesics, although this description by no means implies that their clinical effectiveness is limited to the relief of slight pain and trivial disability. They are effective by mouth and their action is mediated peripherally. Among the possible mechanisms of action, the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis is currently regarded as most likely to be relevant. Some centrally acting drugs of the narcotic analgesic type, such as codeine and dextropropoxyphene are effective orally; they are usable in the same way as other mild analgesics and may be preferable for some types of pain. Many problems arise in the assessment and comparison of mild analgesics, both experimentally and clinically. Subjective assessments may be made on a pain scale by the patient himself, or by a trained observer. Individual variations are all-important, and the limitations of controlled trials need to be remembered. Alternative drugs and mixtures have little advantage over aspirin, but specific drug tolerance, in the long term, varies from patient to patient. Gastric irritation is most likely to occur with aspirin in the presence of chronic dyspepsia or acute precipitating causes such as alchoholic gastritis. Allergy also occurs in some susceptible individuals. The risk of renal damage with phenacetin is increasingly appreciated, and the possibility of hepatic damage from paracetamol is now recognised. Other side effects and interactions are summarized in the review, and some notes are given on therapeutic and non-therapeutic use. PMID- 1107002 TI - [Hospital in the middle of war. A diary from the Pitkaniemi hospital during the revolution and cival, 28 January-7 May, 1918]. PMID- 1107003 TI - [Clinico-pathological conference XXVII: clinically malignant disease with normal biopsy findings]. PMID- 1107004 TI - The present and future role of plastic surgery in Africa. A viewpoint. PMID- 1107005 TI - [Allergic reactions of the mouth mucosa in patients wearing dental prostheses]. AB - Due to the increase in the frequency of allergic disorders it is necessary also to consider allergic reactions in the case of unspecific lesions in the oral region. Intolerance of drugs, resins, and metals can be demonstrated by elimination and exposure tests, but also by epicutaneous tests. Diagnostic measures and therapy vary with the type of allergy in each case. PMID- 1107006 TI - [Neurological aspects of intolerance to dentures]. PMID- 1107007 TI - [The patient's intolerance of dentures from the point of view of various medical specialties]. PMID- 1107008 TI - [The patient's intolerance of dentures from the internal medicine veiwpoint]. AB - Similar complaints these found in cases of denture incompatibility (itching of palate and tongue, dry mouth, sores in the mouth as well as other unpleasant sensations) may be observed in many disorders of internal medicine. Therefore considerable difficulties are often involved in the differential diagnostic considerations and delimination of such complaints. PMID- 1107009 TI - [Maximum permissible extent of resection of the thoracic segment of the trachea and its diastasis for placement of circular suture]. PMID- 1107010 TI - [Experimental everted intestinal suture]. PMID- 1107012 TI - [Use of thermodilution method for studying central hemodynamics during general anesthesia and surgery]. PMID- 1107011 TI - [Method of thermodilution in anesthesiology]. PMID- 1107013 TI - [Management of the immediate postoperative period in young children after operations with artificial circulation (literature survey)]. PMID- 1107014 TI - Prolactin and growth hormone secretion in chemically induced and genetically obese mice. AB - Experiments were performed to determine PRL and GH concentrations in mice rendered obese by chemical means and to compare these concentrations with those of mice obese as a result of genetic mutation. Basal levels of serum PRL and GH were generally lower in gold thioglucose (GTG) and bipiperidyl mustard (BPM) treated obese mice compared with lean controls. In the pituitary gland, the hormonal changes varied from lower or unchanged levels of PRL and GH shortly after drug injection to very high concentrations of PRL (but not of GH) a year later. However, when the mice were challenged with perphenazine, a drug that causes prompt release of PRL, GTG and BPM-obese mice released 2-5 times as much PRL as did lean controls, suggesting an impairment in the hypothalamic control of PRL secretion in GTG/BPM-obese mice. Basal levels of PRL and GH in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice of both sexes were also lower than those in their lean relatives (?/+). This was true for both serum and pituitary concentrations of the two hormones, the only exception being pituitary GH concentrations in females which were higher than or equal to those of controls. However, unlike GTG and BPM obese mice, genetically obese mice released very little PRL compared with their lean relatives when stimulated with perphenazine, which suggested an insufficiency of pituitary function in ob/ob mice. The results demonstrate abnormalities in the secretion of PRL and GH in obese mice of both types. PMID- 1107015 TI - The stimulatory and inhibitory function of theophylline on amino acid-induced insulin release: studies with the perfused rat pancreas. AB - The effects of 5 mM theophylline on L-phenylalanine, L-alanine, and L-leucine induced insulin secretion were studied using the isolated perfused rat pancreas, varying the sequence of the stimuli. Theophylline in the absence or presence of 3 mM D-glucose caused a small amount of insulin release with a slow onset and a slight and steady increase. Theophylline had no effect on phenylalanine (5, 10, or 20 mM)-induced insulin release independent of the sequence of stimuli. Alanine (20 mM), in the absence of glucose, had no significant insulin stimulatory action. When theophylline was added during the alanine perfusion only a small insulin release, comparable to that given by theophylline alone, could be observed. However, superimposing alanine on a theophylline perfusion led to a potentiation of insulin release. The leucine-induced insulin secretion was significantly altered by the addition of theophylline. At a low concentration of leucine (5 mM) theophylline caused potentiation of leucine-induced insulin secretion. At 10 and 20 mM leucine, theophylline led to a rapid concentration dependent inhibitory period, followed by a potentiation in the case of 10 mM leucine, and by a restoration of the secretion rate at 20 mM leucine which did not exceed the secretion rate of 20 mM leucine alone. Subsequent removal of theophylline caused a marked "off effect." When 5 or 20 mM leucine was superimposed on a theophylline perfusion, a marked dose-dependent potentiation of the biphasic leucine-induced insulin release and no inhibitory phase could be observed. From these data it must be concluded that the effect of theophylline on the insulin secretory reposure of the beta cell to theophylline and the stimulus. Possible explanations for these phenomena are discussed. PMID- 1107016 TI - Ewe luteal function influenced by pulsatile administration of synthetic LHRH/FSHRH. AB - The influence of repetitive administration of synthetic LHRH/FSHRH or saline (S) on 17beta-estradiol (E2)-induced precocious luteal regression in the ewe was examined. Ewes were pre-treated on days 10 and 11 of the estrous cycle with either 750 mug E2 (total dose = 1.5 mg) in oil or with oil (O) alone. Treatment involved in delivery of 10 mug of synthetic LHRH/FSHRH in saline or an equal volume of saline only, administered at 2-h intervals beginning on day 12 of the estrous cycle and continuing through the succeeding 72 hours. During the period of LHRH administration, the serum LH patterns in the O-LHRH and E2-LHRH groups were characterized by rhythmic fluctuation, rising in response to LHRH and falling prior to the subsequent treatment injection. Throughout the course of the treatment period, the serum LH levels in the O-LHRH group were consistently higher than those in the E2-LHRH group. No increase in serum LH concentration was observed in the saline-treated animals. The mean luteal weight and mean luteal progesterone content at the end of the 72-h period were not significantly different between the O-S and E2-LHRH groups (543 +/- 88 vs. 455 +/- 126 mg and 13.1 +/- 6.2 vs 16.0 +/- 9.7 mug, respectively). Both luteal weight and progesterone content were increased (P less than .01) in the O-LHRH group (1089 +/- 87 mg and 47.5 +/- 3.1 mug) and significantly reduced (P less than .05) in the E2-S group (309 +/- 49 mg and 5.2 +/- 0.1 mug) compared with those of either the O-S group or the E2-LHRH group. Thus LHRH treatment increased mean luteal weight and mean luteal progesterone content while E2 pre-treatment depressed the same parameters. These data suggest that pulsatile administration of synthetic LHRH is able to elevate serum LH levels to an extent sufficient to counteract both natural luteolysis and premature luteal regression induced by E2 treatment. PMID- 1107017 TI - Somatostatin inhibition of glucose-, tolbutamide-, theophylline, cytochalasin B-, and calcium-stimulated insulin release in monolayer cultures of rat endocrine pancreas. AB - Somatostatin inhibited insulin secretion stimulated by glucose, tolbutamide, glucose-theophylline, glucose-cytochalasin B, and calcium in monolayer cell cultures of neonatal rat endocrine pancreas. Both 2-deoxyglucose-inhibited glucose-induced insulin release and basal insulin secretion occurring at glucose 1.7 mM were further reduced by somatostatin. In the presence of somatostatin, 1.0 mug/ml, insulin secretion due to glucose, tolbutamide, or glucose-cytochalasin B were inhibited to levels below the basal secretion seen with glucose 1.7 mM. However, insulin secretion stimulated by calcium, and especially by glucose plus theophylline, remained considerably above basal insulin levels, even with somatostatin 1.0 mug/ml. For all stimuli except calcium, at lower concentrations of somatostatin (0.001-0.10 mug/ml) but not at somatostatin 1.0 mug/ml, increased stimulus concentration partially reversed inhibition by somatostatin. For calcium, even at somatostatin 1.0 mug/ml, insulin release was greater when the calcium concentration was raised. Since net calcium uptake by the beta cell or intracellular translocation of calcium within the beta cell from an organelle bound pool to a cytoplasmic pool may trigger insulin secretion through interaction of calcium with the microtubular-microfilamentous system, we suggest that the inhibition by somatostatin of calcium influx would explain our findings. PMID- 1107018 TI - Differential effects of hypothalamic deafferentation upon luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the median eminence and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. AB - Complete deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was performed in male rats to ascertain the location of the cell bodies of nerve terminals containing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in the external layer of the median eminence and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). Radioimmunoassayable LH-RH in the MBH decreased to one-fourth of the control value 10 days after complete deafferentation, whereas, no change was observed in an area coextensive with the OVLT. Immunohistochemical staining of LH-RH appeared less intense within the median eminence of deafferented animals but was normal in the OVLT. These results suggest that the cell bodies of neurons producing LH-RH found in terminals in the OVLT lie outside the MBH. The possible explanations for the decreased LH-RH content in the median eminence are discussed. PMID- 1107019 TI - Partitioning of trace metals in selective chemical fractions of nearshore sediments. AB - A series of chemical extraction procedures are used to obtain data on the partitioning of trace metals among the various geochemical phases of sediments. These components include intersititial water, solubility of solid minerals, ions on exchange sites, metal carbonates, easily reducible phases, organics and sulfides, iron oxides, and lithogenous (mineral residual) fractions. In general, a mass balance of less than 10% deviation can be obtained. Experimental results show very small fractions of trace metals to be in the form of interstital water or soluble ions. Trace metals in the exchangeable phase are almost negligible, and those in the mineral residual phases range from 2.5% Cd for one sediment to 98% Cu for another. The non-residual trace metals content is found to increase with decreasing sand content. PMID- 1107020 TI - Solvent extraction of organomercury compounds with quaternary amines. AB - Methylmercuric chloride and phenylmercuric acetate extract very efficiently with quaternary amines dissolved in diethylbenzene or other simple solvents. The extraction is effective from either alkaline or acidic solution. The technique considerably extends the scope of conventional solvent extraction practice to permit the extraction and concentration of total mercury in environmental and biological matrices. PMID- 1107021 TI - Actions and interactions of dipropylacetate and penicillin on evoked potentials of excised prepiriform cortex of guinea pig. AB - Slices from guinea pig brain containing the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) and the prepiriform cortex were studied in vitro. Field potentials, evoked by stimulation of the LOT, were recorded extracellularly. This field potential comprises a compound action potential, a surface negative wave (identified as EPSP), and superimposed positive peaks ("population spikes" or PSs) reflecting postsynaptic activity. In a previous article the penicillin-induced increase of EPSP and of both amplitude and number of PSs was described. Now we are reporting the slight depression of EPSP and PSs and the prevention of the appearance of penicillin induced PSs by an antiepileptic drug sodium dipropylacetate (Depakine). The effect was dose-dependent. Models explaining the effects of penicillin and dipropylacetate are discussed. PMID- 1107022 TI - Concentration of dipropylacetate in plasma. AB - Dipropylacetate is absorbed rapidly and attains a maximum concentration in serum 1 to 3 hr after ingestion. Since its half-life is on the order of 8 to 10 hr, it must be prescribed three times a day, every 8 hr. It reaches a stable concentration in blood within 48 hr after treatment is begun (by contrast with diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital) and might therefore be useful when seizures must be controlled quickly. The serum concentration can be altered by some other anticonvulsant drugs, but these interactions should be studied in more detail. The serum concentration varies considerably in the course of a day and from one day to the next in the same subject, which makes it difficult to adjust the blood level. Depamide is rapidly transformed in vivo to dipropylacetate. PMID- 1107023 TI - Specificity of ATP-dependent and GTP-dependent protein kinases with respect to ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli. AB - Two protein kinases differing in substrate specificity were used to phosphorylate the 30-S and the 50-S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli. The catalytic subunit from the rabbit skeletal muscle protein kinase phosphorylates proteins S1, S4, S9, S13 and S18 of the 30-S subunit and proteins L2, L4, L5, L16, L18 and L23 of the 50-S subunit with (gamma-32P)ATP as phosphoryl donor. A second protein kinase isolated from rabbit reticulocytes, formerly shown to phosphorylate preferentially acidic proteins and to use GTP as well as ATP, strongly phosphorylated protein S6, an acidic protein of the small ribosomal subunit, and to a lesser extent proteins L7 and L12 or the large subunit. Evidence is presented showing different phosphorylation patterns when either whole subunits or the extracted proteins were used as substrate for the protein kinase. Kinetic studies showed proteins S1 and S4 to become most rapidly phosphorylated. Although most proteins incorporated less than stoichiometric amounts of phosphate, it is shown that with a high excess of ATP L2 bound 1 mol phosphate/mol protein. PMID- 1107024 TI - The major proteins of the Escherichia coli outer cell envelope membrane. Characterization of proteins II* and III, comparison of all proteins. AB - Protein II*, one of the major Escherichia coli outer cell envelope membrane proteins has been characterized. The protein is heat-modifiable and perhaps due to complete unfolding and/or binding of sodium dodecylsulfate only at higher temperatures the modified protein exhibits a higher apparent molecular weight (33,000) than the non-modified form (28,000). Protein-chemical evidence as well as the behavior of two mutant proteins II* very strongly suggest that this protein consists of a single polypeptide chain and that in the strains studied there is no other major protein with similar characteristics. For another outer membrane protein, protein III (molecular weight 17,000), it has not yet been established if it should be classified as a major protein. Protein III consists of one or perhaps two polypeptide chains. The possibility existed that protein III is bound covalently to lipopolysaccharide, and this has been ruled out. Also, the lipopolysaccharide of the E. coli strains studied does not carry covalently bound protein in amounts anywhere near stoichiometry. N-on-protein substituents were neither found in protein II* nor in protein III. It is concluded that in E. coli B/r and the E. coli K12 strains used there are three major proteins: I, II, and IV; protein III may also belong to this class. There are not more major proteins than these. All four proteins are compared and discussed regarding their unknown functions and their relation to E. coli outer membrane proteins studied by other authors. PMID- 1107025 TI - Inter-relations between the phospholipids of rat pancreatic islets during glucose stimulation, and their response to medium inositol and tetracaine. AB - 1. Isolated rat pancreatic islets subjected to an increase in glucose concentration from 0.5 to 3 mg/ml showed an increased insulin secretion and 32P labelling of their phospholipids, especially of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and CDP diglyceride. Neither fructose or inositol produced a similar effect. 2. The enhanced labelling of CDP diglyceride and phosphatidylglycerol was suppressed by adding inositol (0.1 mg/ml), while the phosphatidylinositol labelling was increased still further. 3. Tetracaine (0.5 mM), an antagonist of insulin secretion, inhi-ited phosphatidylinositol synthesis while phosphatidylglycerol, CDP diglyceride and phosphatidic acid formation were markedly increased. These effects on phospholipid synthesis were substantially reversed by adding inositol to the medium. Tetracaine also prevented the catabolism of phosphatidylinositol in prelabelled islets but this inhibiton was not reversed by inositol. 4. Inositol addition did not affect insulin secretion in glucose-stimulated islets nor secretion in tetracaine-treated islets. This need not exclude a possible role for heightened phosphatidylinositol cleavage in stimulated insulin secretion. PMID- 1107026 TI - Small-angle x-ray studies on the structure of 16-S ribosomal RNA and of a complex of ribosomal protein S4 and 16-S ribosomal RNA from Escherichia coli. AB - 16-S ribosomal RNA and a complex of ribosomal protein S4 and 16-S rRNA were studied in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering. Concentration series of the 16-S rRNA and the S4 - 16-S-rRNA complex were measured in 37.5 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.4 at 5 degrees C. The following data were determined. The radii of gyration for the 16-S rRNA and S4 - 16-S-rRNA complex were R = 17.6 +/- 0.6 nm, respectively. The two respective values of the radii of gyration of the cross section were Rq,1 = 8.42 +/- 0.1 nm and 8.33 +/- 0.3 nm, and Rq,2 = 0.988 +/- 0.03 nm and 0.996 +/- 0.03 nm. The largest diameters of the 16-S RNA and S4 - 16 S-RNA complex were L = 61.8 +/- 1 nm and 60.0 +/- 1 nm, respectively. Volumes of V = 1570 +/- 60 nm3 were found for both particles. In the Tris buffer used, no significant differences were found between the scattering curves of 16-S rRNA and the complex is a flat elliptical cylinder with the following dimensions: large axis 61.7 nm, small axis 35.4 nm and height 2 nm. The theoretical scattering curve fits the experimental one as long as the shape of the measured curve is due only to the overall shape of the particle. A model equivalent over the whole measured angular range is one built up from a large number of spheres that simulate the known substructure of the RNA. The outer dimensions of this model correspond to those of the flat elliptical cylinder. PMID- 1107027 TI - Disturbance in the regulation of the type of collagen synthesized in a form of osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - Fibroblasts derived from skin biopsies of a patient with a congenital defect of connective tissue revealed a disturbance in collagen synthesis. The defect was found in the mechanism that controls the type of collagen synthesized. Biochemical data as well as evaluation of immunofluorescent micrographs using collagen type-specific antibodies, suggested that the fibroblasts of this patient synthesized type III collagen, at a time and rate which was not found in fibroblasts from an age-matched healthy individual. PMID- 1107028 TI - Gram-scale purification of methionyl-tRNA and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases from Escherichia coli. AB - A procedure is presented for the purification of 3 g of homogeneous methionyl tRNA synthetase and 1 g of homogeneous tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from 50 kg batches of Escherichia coli. The procedure permits the isolation of many enzymes simultaneously and the elution positions of seven other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, catalase, rhodanese, phosphofructokinase, elongation factor Tu and cytochrome b-562 are indicated. The problems of extraction work on this scale are discussed. PMID- 1107029 TI - Isolation and properties of an arginine-binding protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Transfer of exponentially growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae epsilon 1278 b to a fresh medium (or simply to distilled water) resulted in the loss of ability to transport arginine (and lysine), accompanied by the release of several proteins from the membrane surface or periplasmic space. Fractionation by ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-50 chromatography and freeze-drying yielded a homogeneous protein (55 mg per 100 g dry weight of cells) with specific binding ability for L-arginine (Kd = 3.8 X 10(-1) M) and L-lysine (Ki = 4.2 X 10(-4) M). The protein contains over 40 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of about 5,000. In solution, it appears to aggregate as its concentration is raised, thereby decreasing the overall binding capacity for arginine. Addition of the protein to a depleted culture does not restore the transport of arginine. It is apparently the recognition protein for the specific arginine-transporting system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but it occurs in almost identical amounts in the MG 168 mutant with impaired arginine transport. PMID- 1107030 TI - Amino-acid incorporation into tRNA fragments and into heterologous combinations of fragments. AB - When the CCA-halves of tRNAAla1(yeast) and tRNAVal1(Escherichia coli) were incubated with the pG-halves of tRNAVal1 (E.coli) and trnaala1 (yeast), respectively, heterologous complexes were detected. When a 10-fold excess of one half was applied, up to 50% of the other half could be complexed. 5--12% alanine and valine incorporation was observed into the heterolgous combinations in which the pG-halves were derived from tRNAAla1 (yeast) and tRNAVal1 (E.coli), respectively. Although the values are small they appear to be significant considering the results of a number of control experiments. The CCA-half of tRNASer1,2(yeast) and another fragment of this tRNA which extends from the dihydrouridine region to the CCA-terminus were inactive in the aminoacylation assay but they could be converted into a form which accepted serine under standard conditions even in the absence of a complementary fragment. One activation procedure involved the addition of MgCl2 to Mg2+-free fragment solutions, the other consisted in a brief heating-cooling cycle of the fragment solutions at low Mg2+ concentrations. With the two procedures up to 20% or up to 40%, respectively, of the maximal serine incorporation were achieved. At 37 degrees C the active conformation of the fragments persisted only for a few minutes. Analogously, the CCA-halves of tRNAPhe (yeast), tRNAAla1 (yeast), and tRNAVal1 (E.coli)could be activated although here the extent of aminoacylation varied greatly from one experiment to the other. Mischarging of the activated CCA halves of tRNASer1,2 (yeast) and tRNAPhe (yeast) with phenylalanine and serine, respectively, was not observed. The results obtained with the hererologous fragment combinations and with the CCA-halves alone, which at first sight seem to contradict each other, are discussed with respect to the conformational requirements of synthetase-tRNA recognition. PMID- 1107031 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants of the yeast fatty-acid-synthetase complex. AB - By genetic complementation analysis, 88 independently isolated temperature sensitive fatty acid synthetase mutants have been assigned to the six different fas-complementation groups II (fas 1), III (fas 1), Vb (fas 1), VI (fas 2), VIII (fas 2) and IX (fas 2). The complementation groups Va, Vc, Vd, IV and VII observed among nonconditional fas-mutants have not been found among the temperature-sensitive strains studied. From the failure to detect pantetheine deficient conditional fas-mutants it is concluded that the yease acyl-carrier protein has an exceptionally stable tertiary structure. Furthermore, the lack of temperature-sensitive mutants of complementation group IV possibly indicates that this group specifically represents only nonsense and frameshift mutations. Almost half of the temperature-sensitive fas 1 and fas 2 mutants studied exhigited non complementing characteristics. These results confirm the existence of non complementing fas1 and fas2 missense mutations. From this it is concluded that both fatty acid synthetase loci encode multifunctional polypeptide chains rather than several monofunctional component enzymes. The possible existence of an independent acyl-carrier protein, as suggested by the genetic data reported in this study, is discussed. With 10 different temperature-sensitive fas1 and fas2 mutants the dependence of cellular growth rates on growth temperature and fatty acid supplementation was determined. With all mutants studied fatty-acid independent growth was completely suppressed at non-permissive temperatures (34 37 degrees C). In fatty-acid-supplemented media, however, these mutants exhibited the same growth characteristics as wild-type yeast cells. In contrast to this, wild-type yeast growth was found to be fatty-acid-independent at all temperatures studied. Other than in vivo, the purified fatty acid synthetase isolated from five different temperature-sensitive fas1 and fas2 mutants exhibited in vitro no increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme. From this it is concluded that the specific conformation of fatty acid synthetase subunits either forms only at the ribosomal level during translation, or that this conformation is stabilized by the assembly of subunits into the multienzyme complex structure. PMID- 1107032 TI - Amino-acid sequence of lac repressor from Escherichia coli. Isolation, sequence analysis and sequence assembly of tryptic peptides and cyanogen-bromide fragments. AB - The lac repressor from Escherichia coli, composed of four identical subunits with a molecular weight of 37160, was carboxymethylated and fragmented by tryptic digestion and cyanogen bromide treatment. Using ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and preparative thin-layer electrophoresis and chromatography 29 of the 30 tryptic peptides were isolated in pure form. Direct Edman degradation and the dansyl-Edman technique were used to determine the sequence of the small tryptic peptides. Special emphasis was put on the sequence determination of the six large tryptic fragments which together account for 177 residues, corresponding to 51% of the repressor subunit with its 347 residues. The large tryptic fragments were analyzed after fragmentation with chymotrypsin, thermolysin and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I. Thus the sequence of all 30 tryptic peptides could be deduced. The complete sequences of all cyanogen bromide fragments were deduced from peptides obtained by tryptic, chymotryptic and thermolytic digestion of the individual fragments and by automated stepwise Edman degradation of lac repressor and of the large cyanogen bromide fragments. The order of the cyanogen bromide fragments was given by overlapping tryptic peptides. The resulting amino acid composition of the monomer is Asp15, Asn11, Thr18, Ser30, Glu14, Gln27, Pro13, Gly22, Ala44, Cys3, Val33, Met9, Ile17, Leu40, Tyr8, Phe4, Trp2, Lys11, His7, Arg19. The sequence of lac repressor shows no similarities with that of other proteins known to bind to DNA or RNA. The N terminal 55 residues contain two homologous regions. This part of the sequence which is involved in lac operator binding might have been formed by gene duplication. PMID- 1107033 TI - Readenylation of polyadenylate-free globin messenger RNA restores its stability in vivo. AB - Using an ATP:RNA adenyltransferase from Escherichia coli, a polyadenylic sequence was resynthesized onto rabbit globin mRNA from which the poly (A) segment had been previously removed. Conditions for obtaining a homogenous reconstituted globin mRNA preparation containing 30 adenylic residues per message molecule were determined. The reconstituted globin mRNA was microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Its stability was very similar to that of native mRNA. PMID- 1107034 TI - Heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides. Analysis of polysaccharide chain lengths by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Lipopolysaccharide preparations from R(rough) Escherichia coli O8-,SR(semirough) Salmonella typhimurium and S (smooth) strains E. coli O8 and Citrobacter 396 were disintegrated with sodium dodecylsulfate and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 1% sodium dodecylsulfate. The results obtained were compared with those obtained from the same lipopolysaccharide preparations by degradation analysis. In dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis the lipopolysaccharide preparation from the E. coli R mutant and the S. typhimurium SR mutant showed one band each (R-and SR-band, respectively) with different electrophoretic mobilities. The lipopolysaccharide preparations from the E. coli O8-strain exhibited two bands, one of which had the same electrophoretic mobility as the R-band and the other was identified as S-band. The lipopolysaccharide preparation from the Citrobacter 396-S-strain exhibited four bands: one R-band, one SR-band and two S-bands. The results showed that wild-type S strains contain more than one type of lipopolysaccharide. They differ in the length of their O specific polysaccharide chains. The lipid A content of the different lipopolysaccharide was expressed in their electrophoretic mobilities. PMID- 1107035 TI - Recognition of initiation codons in modified f2 RNA by Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - f2 phage RNA treated with O-methylhydroxylamine under denaturing conditions loses its ordered structure with consequent exposure of the normally hidden initiation codons. In the presence of Escherichia coli ribosomes and crude initiation factors modified f2 RNA binds about 50 times more f-[3H]Met-tRNA than native f2 RNA. The interaction of native f2[14C]RNA with ribosomes requires initiation factors. The binding of O-methylhydroxylamine-modified f2 [14C]RNA to E. coli 70 S or 20-S ribosomes does not depend on the presence of initiation factors. A significant number of ribosomes deficient in initiation factors interact with a molecule of modified f2 [14C]RNA. Treatment of the resultant polysomal complex with pancreatic RNase yields ribosomes with f2 RNA fragments protected against RNase. Almost all AUG/GUG codons in the f2 RNA are located on the RNase insensitive ribosome-bound fragments, constituting only 25% of the entire molecule. Addition of crude initiation factors to such ribosomes with fragments of modified f2 RNA promotes binding of f-[3H]Met-tRNA. The resultant complex is fully reactive with puromycin. No binding of Ac-Phe-tRNA takes place under similar conditions. PMID- 1107036 TI - The major proteins of the Escherichia coli outer cell-envelope membrane. Cyanogen bromide fragments of protein I, composition and order. AB - The cyanogen bromide fragments of protein I, a major protein of the Escherichia coli outer cell envelope membrane, have been isolated and characterized. There appear to be two methionine-serine or methionine-threonine sequences causing incomplete cleavage but complete conversion of methionine to homoserine. Largely due to the existence of these overlapping fragments the order of 5 of the 6 fragments present could be deduced. None of the fragments exhibits any remarkable low degree of polarity, and the tryptic fingerprint of the largest fragment (comprising about 60% of protein I) also does not show any conspicuous large fraction of lipophilic peptides. It is concluded that the domain of protein I that may be buried in the lipid phase of the outer membrane in all likelihood is not very large, and there is, in fact, no definite proof yet that protein I is a membrane protein sensu stricto. PMID- 1107037 TI - Rapid isolation of highly active RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli and its subunits by matrix-bound heparin. AB - 1. RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli is selectively and strongly retained by a heparin-substituted agarose and can be eluted therefrom by a neutral buffer containing 0.6 M salt. The method is applicable to relatively crude preparations of the enzyme on a preparative scale giving highly purified RNA polymerase in excellent yield. The enzyme obtained by this procedure shows the highest specific activity so far reported and is pure and enriched in factor sigma as indicated by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. 2. Based on the differential affinity of the subunits of the enzyme for the heparin-carrying gel matrix, a method for separation of alpha, beta' + beta and sigma subunits by application of urea and salt-containing buffers is described. Upon recombination and dialysis with urea free buffer 40-50% of the enzyme activity is restored. PMID- 1107038 TI - Studies of intracellular thymidine nucleotides. Thymineless death and the recovery after re-addition of thymine in Escherichia coli K 12. AB - In a thymine-deprived culture, the mutant cells (deficient in dTDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity and named Ter-15) lose viability at a faster rate, form longer filaments for the first 60 min and lose thymidine nucleotides and dTDP-sugar pools at a faster rate for the first 15 min than those of the parent cells, but the dTDP-sugar pool in the parent cells is maintained at high concentration for the first 90 min during thymine starvation. In the recovery of cell growth after re-addition of thymine into the thymine-deprived culture, parent cells recommence growth immediately, but the mutant cells (Ter-15) show a lag-phase for 45 min after which time their growth recommences. The rate of dTTP synthesis for the first 10 to 15 min after re-addition of thymine to thymine deprived cultures of parent and mutant (Ter-15) cells is three-fold higher than that of thymine nondeprived culture (control), but the rates of dTMP and dTDP sugar syntheses are the same as those of the control. The total DNA synthesis after re-addition of thymine is equal to that of the control, and the period of thymine starvation other than the number of viable cells during thymine starvation plays an important role. After separation of the filament cells from normal-sized cells by sucrose gradient centrifugation, the initial rate of DNA synthesis of filament cells is three-fold faster than that of normal-sized cells. These results show that the dependency of DNA synthesis upon dTTP concentration is maintained after re-addition of thymine into thymine-deprived culture. PMID- 1107039 TI - Evidence for an aminoendopeptidase localized near the cell surface of Escherichia coli. Regulation of synthesis by inorganic phosphate. AB - An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing the substrate L-alanine p-nitroanilide has been found in the various Escherichia coli strains tested. This enzyme has been called aminoendopeptidase since it shows both activities (see accompanying paper). It is released from the cells by osmotic shock and by lysozyme -- EDTA spheroplasting treatment, and 50% of the total activity is directly detectable with suspensions of intact cells. However, the release by osmotic shock or spheroplasting is not as efficient as it is for alkaline phosphatase. This periplasmic aminoendopeptidase is constitutively produced but the differential rate of synthesis is increased 4-fold when the cell growth is limited by Pi. The occurrence of this 'derepression' is simultaneous with that of alkaline phosphatase. Increasing the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the medium has no effect on the constitutive aminoendopeptidase synthesis. The effect of phosphate starvation is specific since starvation for neither nitrogen nor carbon and energy source are effective in derepressing aminoendopeptidase. PMID- 1107040 TI - Regulation of Escherichia coli K10 aminoendopeptidase synthesis. Effects of mutations involved in the regulation of alkaline phosphatase. AB - The synthesis of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli is controlled by the action of at least four genes denoted phoS, phoT, phoR and phoB. The effect of mutations in the first three of these genes on the synthesis of periplasmic aminoendopeptidase of E. coli K 10 have been investigated. phoR gene product does not seem to be involved either in the constitutive or in the derepressed synthesis of this enzyme. Mutations in phoS or phoT influence the intracellular level of Pi in much the same way as depletion of Pi from the growth medium, and only as a consequence influence the synthesis of aminoendopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Point, amber or deletion mutations in the alkaline phosphatase structural gene do not affect aminoendopeptidase synthesis. Thus, alkaline phosphatase and 'derepressed' aminoendopeptidase synthesis are co-regulated by the endogenous level of inorganic phosphate. The way by which this regulation operates is discussed. PMID- 1107041 TI - The first enzyme of the gal operon in inducible and operator-constitutive strains of Escherichia coli. A comparison of the porperties and amino-terminal sequences of UDP galactose 4-epimerase. AB - 1. UDPgalactose 4-epimerase, the product of the first structural gene of the gal operon in Escherichia coli K-12, has been purified from strain HfrH and from its gal operator-constitutive mutant, HfrH 81-2. 2. The two enzymes are purified by the same procedure, behaving identically throughout. They are identical in sedimentation coefficient, sioelectric point, electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.8 and amino-terminal sequence for the first 30 residues. 3. Slight but reporducible differences were observed between the amino acid compositions and peptide maps of the two proteins. These differences may indicate real differences in the primary sequences of the proteins, but if so they are unlikely to be due to the operator constitutive mutation because of the identy of the sequences for the first 30 residues. 4. No evidence was found to indicate that the gal operator might overlap with the first structural gene. PMID- 1107042 TI - Biosynthesis of a specific lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane on polyribosomes. AB - With use of polyribosomes isolated from Escherichia coli, biosynthesis of a specific lipoprotein of the E. coli outer membrane was investigated. The products of the cell-free system were analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation with anti-lipoportein serum, followed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that one of the major products was the lipoprotein of the E. coli outer membrane. The lipoprotein was also found to be preferentially synthsized on smaller polyribosomes. PMID- 1107043 TI - The binding of maltose to 'virgin' maltose-binding protein is biphasic. AB - The biphasic binding properties of the galactose-binding and maltose-binding proteins of Escherichia coli may be important in the functioning of these proteins as recognition components of chemoreceptors. However, Richarme and Kepes [Eur. J. Binding curve of the galactose-binding protein may be the result of isotopic dilution, during equilibrium dialysis, by unlabeled ligand retained by the binding throughout purification. Here the binding of maltose to maltose binding protein which has never previously been exposed to sugar ('virgin' binding protein) is shown to be biphasic. This implies that the unusual binding properties are attributable to the maltose-binding protein itself. PMID- 1107044 TI - The tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli. An improved purification procedure for the alpha-subunit and binding studies with substrate analogues. AB - An improved method is described for the purification of the alpha-subunit of tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli. The standard manganese chloride and acid-precipitation steps have been replaced by rapid and efficient chromatographic procedures. Indoleethanol phosphate, indoleprapanol phosphate and indolebutanol phosphate have been synthesized. They are not cleaved by tryptophan synthase and are strictly competitive inhibitors versus indoleglycerol phosphate. The inhibition constant decreases as the number of methylene groups in the side chain increases. This may reflect an improved accommodation of the indole and phosphate moienerated by binding indole, indoleglycerol phosphate and indolepropanol phosphate to the alpha-subunit are very similar. This reflects the transfer of the indole moiety to an hydrophobic environment within the active center. The binding of indolepropanol phosphate to the alpha2beta2-complex perturbs the spectrum of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate located in the beta2-subunit. This demonstrates direct or indirect interactions between the component active sites. Bind studies by spectrophotometric titration and equilibrium dialysis with indolepropanol [32P]phosphate show that there is only one binding site per equivalent of alpha-subunit. Complex formation with the beta2-subunit increases the affinity of the alpha-subunit for indolepropanol phosphate, It is a general consequence of protein-protein interaction in this system. PMID- 1107045 TI - Structure, function and evolution of ribosomes. PMID- 1107046 TI - Chemical inactivation of Escherichia coli 30-S ribosomes by iodination. Identification of proteins involved in tRNA binding. AB - 30-S ribosomal subunits are inactivated by iodination for both enzymic fMet-tRNA and non-enzymic Phe-tRNA binding activities. This inactivation is due to modification of the protein moiety of the ribosome. Reconstitutions were performed with 16-S RNA and mixtures of total protein isolated from modified subunits and purified proteins isolated from unmodified subunits. This allowed identification of the individual proteins which restore tRNA binding activity. S3, S14 and S19 were identified as proteins involved in fMet-tRNA binding. S1, S2, S3, S14 and S19 were identified as proteins involved in Phe-tRNA binding. Modified particles shown normal sedimentation constants and complete protein compositions both before and after reconstitution. This suggests that the loss of activity is due to modification of one or more of the actual binding sites located on the 30-S subunit and that restoration of activity is due to structural correction at this site rather than to correction of an assembly defect. PMID- 1107047 TI - Studies of intracellular thymidine nucleotides. Relationship between the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and the thymidine triphosphate pool in Escherichia coli K12. AB - The two types of mutant strains which show resistance to T-even phage infection have been isolated and been shown to have either a higher or lower ratio of dTDP sugar to dTTP than that of the parent strains. The one with a higher ratio of dTDP-sugar to dTTP than the parents has a large dTDP-sugar pool and small dTTP pool, and a high level of dTDPG pyrophosphorylase activity. The other one, with a lower ratio of dTDP-sugar to dTTP than the parents, has a small dTDP-sugar pool and large dTTP pool, and a low or deficient level of this enzyme activity. They form an entirely mucoid colony in the synthetic agar plate. Mutant cells (Ter-6 and Ter-21) which have deficient dTDPG pyrophosphorylase activity show 2 -- 3 times higher activity of UDPG pyrophosphoyrlase than that of parent cells. The dTDPG pyrophosphorylase-deficient mutants (Ter-15 and Ter-21) have a 3 -- 4 times higher concentration of dTTP and a faster rate of DNA synthesis and cell division than those of parent strains in growth with external thymine. The dTDPG pyrophosphorylase constitutive mutant (Ter-4) has a 0.5 -- 0.33 smaller dTTP pool and a slower rate of DNA synthesis and cell division than those of parent cells grown in the same medium. In the Ter-15 and Ter-21 mutants, the intracellular dTTP-dependent DNA synthesis rapidly disappeared in thymine suboptimal concentration, but the Ter-4 mutant maintained its dTTP-dependent DNA synthesis over a 20 muM concentration of external thymine. In high concentration (100 muM) of external thymidine, the thymidine effects on the intracellular dTTP concentration do not significantly appear in these enzyme-deficient mutants (Ter 15 and Ter-21). Also, the concentration of intracellular dTTP in the cell growth with external thymidine is 2.5 times greater than that with external thymine in these enzyme-deficient mutants (Ter-15 and Ter-21). PMID- 1107048 TI - Respiratory failure after liver transplantation. AB - A rapidly growing haemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver in a twenty-two year old woman was treated by liver transplantation. Disseminated intravascular coagulation resulted in massive blood loss during surgery, and contributed to the death of the patient from respiratory failure on the fourth post-operative day, despite continuous post-operative intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. Other factors leading to her respiratory failure are discussed. There was no evidence of dysfunction in the transplanted liver. PMID- 1107049 TI - A search for antibodies against human sarcoma cells in patients' sera by indirect immunofluorescence on fixed cells. PMID- 1107050 TI - Ablastin: the phenomenon. PMID- 1107051 TI - Ablastin: antigen tolerance and lack of ablastin control of Trypanosoma musculi during host's pregnancy. PMID- 1107052 TI - Immunosuppression and ablastin. PMID- 1107053 TI - Nutritional and immunological factors in the control of infections with Trypanosoma lewisi. PMID- 1107054 TI - Whence comes Trypanosoma lewisi antigen which induces ablastic antibody: studies in the occult? PMID- 1107055 TI - Current status of the immunology of blood and tissue Protozoa. I. Leishmania. PMID- 1107056 TI - Malaria, favism and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Although glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient individuals may suffer (sometimes fatally) from favism, a high incidence of this trait occurs in many Mediterranean populations. This apparent paradox is explained on the basis of a synergistic interaction between favism and G-6-PD deficiency that provides increased protection against malaria compared to that of the G-6-PD deficiency alone. This relationship is analogous to that between various hemoglobins and malaria in that there is selection for a more severe trait if it provides more protection against malaria. PMID- 1107057 TI - Colloidal gold granules as markers for cell surface receptors in the scanning electron microscope. AB - A rapid method has been developed to visualize cell surface receptors in the SEM. Thus mannan at the surface of Candida utilis cells was localized by stabilized colloidal gold granules coated with either anti-mannan antibodies or Con A. PMID- 1107058 TI - Suppression of sebaceous gland non-specific esterase activity be electrophilic alpha beta-unsaturated compounds. AB - Sebaceous gland non-specific esterase activity was suppressed following application to mouse skin of 2 electrophilic alpha beta-unsaturated compounds, o chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and beta-nitrostyrene, but not by three others. PMID- 1107059 TI - Chronic treatment of immature male rats with synthetic LH-RH. PMID- 1107060 TI - A simple method of preparing a cell suspension for scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 1107061 TI - Visualization of chicken red blood cells in capillaries by immunofluorescence. AB - Chicken red blood cells labelled with specific rabbit antiserum were used for the demonstration of cortical distribution of blood in the dog kidney by means of direct immunofluorescence. Immunization and labelling techniques are described. PMID- 1107062 TI - Isatin-3-anils as excystment and cysticidal agents against Schizopyrenus russelli. AB - A series of isatin-3-anils (with or without a N-piperidino/morpholinomethyl substituent) have been screened for their cysticidal activity against Schizopyrenus russelli. Their ability to cause excystment has also been studied. PMID- 1107063 TI - Actin in tracheo-bronchial ciliated epithelial cells. PMID- 1107064 TI - Sarcoidosis of the nasal vault. PMID- 1107065 TI - [Drugs: exploration of the future or return to prehistory]. PMID- 1107066 TI - Inhibition of human platelet aggregation by oral administration of nicergoline. A double-blind study. PMID- 1107067 TI - Comparison of amino acid sequences among ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1107068 TI - Yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase: evidence for the triggering of an AMP--ATP exchange by tRNA. PMID- 1107069 TI - The major proteins of the Escherichia coli outer cell envelope membrane: evidence for the structural gene of protein II. PMID- 1107070 TI - Involvement of the phosphotransferase system in galactose transport in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 1107071 TI - Protein synthesis in an E. coli system directed by yeast mitochondrial RNA. PMID- 1107072 TI - Investigation of the organization of mammalian chromosomes at the DNA sequence level. AB - New developments in DNA sequencing techniques permit rapid progress in the determination of both repetitious and single-copy mammalian sequences. Three distinct families of highly repetitious satellite DNA's from the kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii have been sequenced. With the MS satellite it was possible to show that the basic repeat sequence and its variants were arranged in a nonrandom order suggesting a hierarchy of repeats. The HS-alpha satellite from D. ordii was shown to resemble the guinea pig alpha satellite, a long term evolutionary persistence inconsistent with previous models. Sequences from hemoglobin mRNA were determined using hemoglobin complementary DNA as template for transcription in vitro. Seven of the largest fragments have been assigned to untranslated regions of the mRNA whereas 15 others have been tentatively located within the structural genes. From correlations with sequences from corresponding regions in the human hemoglobin mRNA's we have been able to make the first direct measurements of the rate of fixation of mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence. The minimum estimate for this rate is greater than the highest previously estimated rates of fixation of neutral mutations (calculated for fibrinopeptide A. A new technique, deoxysubstitution sequencing, which should speed determination of the complete mRNA sequences, is described. PMID- 1107073 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone versus human chorionic gonadotropin: differential effect on the development of ovulatory refractoriness and antibodies. AB - Cyclic intramuscular injections of 25 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at 3-week intervals induced ovulatory refractoriness and HCG antibodies after five to eight treatment cycles. Two of fifty rabbits failed to ovulate following two successive injections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH); however, no LH-RH antibodies were detected in the sera of these two animals, suggesting that these observations were due to chance alone. Thus, 0.5 mug of LH-RH injected intramuscularly at 3-week intervals did not induce ovulatory refractoriness or antibody formation after as many as 18 successive treatment cycles. PMID- 1107074 TI - The induction of ovulation in amenorrheic patients with synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: the significance of pituitary responsiveness. AB - The pituitary reserve of gonadotropins was evaluated with intravenous injections of 25 mug of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in 32 patients with secondary amenorrhea. An obvious individual difference in the magnitude of the serum LH response was noted in these patients. Thus the patients were classified into four groups according to their pituitary responsiveness as expressed by the ratio of the serum LH stimulated peak to the basal level. Patients with values within the range of, or higher than, that of the normal follicular phase were classified as having high response (750% and above); within the range of that of the normal luteal phase as having moderate response (500 to 740%); between that of the normal luteal phase and that of postmenopausal women as having low response (250 to 490%); and within the range of, or lower than, that of postmenopausal women as having no response (240% and below). Among 26 clomiphene-failed patients in this series who were treated again with clomiphene and subsequent injection of LH-RH; 10 of 12 patients (25 or 35 cycles) with high response, 6 of 10 patients (12 of 28 cycles) with moderate response, and 1 of 4 patients (1 of 13 cycles) with low response ovulated. Five patients became pregnant. The results of this study indicate that in amenorrheic women the higher the pituitary response to LH-RH the greater the chance of inducing ovulation. Patients with secondary amenorrhea may thus be classified by assessing their pituitary response to LH-RH, which may be useful in predicting the chance for the successful induction of ovulation. PMID- 1107075 TI - [Emotional stress and the limbic system of the brain]. PMID- 1107076 TI - [Importance of the achievements in the fields of molecular biology and genetics for the development of endocrinology]. PMID- 1107077 TI - [Ielyzaveta Kostiantynovna Prykhod'kova]. PMID- 1107078 TI - [Prosthetic gliding device manufactured in the laboratory]. PMID- 1107079 TI - [The KaVo Super-Torque 625 angle piece, combined with a Vario-Air rotation regulator]. PMID- 1107080 TI - [The use of the dorsal section of the paralingual area in prothodontics]. PMID- 1107081 TI - [Histochemical study of the vasomotor innervation of the internal carotid artery basin]. AB - In the dog, the internal carotid artery and its branches were found to have a well developed nervous plexus with two kinds of nerve fibers: containing either active cholinesterase or catecholamines. In various segments of the basin, both the cholinergic and the adrenergic nerve fibers reveal structural and topographical differences depending on the structural and functional features of the vascular wall. The adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers are mainly situated in the adventitia of the internal carotid artery forming a terminal nervous plexus in deep portions, while in the vasa vasorum and in the siphon region they are terminated also in superficial layers of muscular coat. The data obtained suggest that the vasomotor effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are most obvious in the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery, in the region of convolution, and in the adjacent portions of the artery situated within the cavernous sinus. PMID- 1107083 TI - [Criteria of the optimal functioning of large and small pial artery subsystems]. AB - The geometrical parameters of the pial arterial systems were studied in total microscopic preparations of the pia mater of rabbits. The subsystem of the larger pial arteries (with the diameter over 100 microns) was shown to provide a blood transport with the minimum energy losses. On the other hand, in the subsystem of the smaller arteries (under 100 microns), the effective resistance should be relatively great under normal conditions, but when the blood supply to the brain tissue becomes diminished, the changes of their diameters provide the minimum energy loss. Hence, the main function of the larger pial arteries is the blood transport, while that of the smaller ones -- regulation of the blood supply intensity in respective cortical areas. PMID- 1107082 TI - [Characteristics of the functional behavior of different cerebral arteries and angiospasm location in them]. AB - For the major arteries of the brain, when their tone is normal, the constrictory responses are much greater than the dilatory ones while the tendency to dilation of the pial arteries is considerably greater than their tendency to constriction; some luminal contraction and no dilation of the intracerebral arteries (in the depth of the cortex) appears even at an increased blood flow. The tendency to a spasm of the cerebral arteries is corroborated by the peculiarities of their functional behavior: the spasm-like constriction of the major arteries of the brain occurs much easier than that of the pial arteries; a spasm of the intracerebral arteries may develop, but only under some local effect. PMID- 1107084 TI - [Grigorii Viktorovich Gershuni (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1107085 TI - Stanislaw Smreczynski (1889-1975). PMID- 1107086 TI - [Ultrastructure and combined cytostatic treatment of reticulosarcomatosis of the skin]. PMID- 1107087 TI - [Clinical experiences with clomiphene treatment of andrological patients]. PMID- 1107088 TI - [The 80th birthday of Ferenc Fodvari (Budapest), Aug. 25, 1975]. PMID- 1107089 TI - [Migration of leukocytes in late syphilis]. AB - Following non-specific inflammation, greater numbers of mononuclears than polymorphonuclear leukocytes were found to migrate into a 'skin-window' in patients with late syphilis. This mononuclear preponderance was statistically significant, the normal control subjects showing a preponderance of polymorphonuclears. PMID- 1107090 TI - Topical treatment with urea-hydrocortisone in atopic dermatitis. A controlled study against betamethasone 17-valerate. AB - When comparing 1% hydrocortisone in a stabilized 10% urea cream with 0.1% betamethasone 17-valerate cream in a double-blind study on 49 patients with atopic dermatitis or atopic winter feet, betamethasone cream was found to be the most potent. The study also showed that in approximately 60% of the patients the clinical response was equal. It is suggested that the urea-hydrocortisone combination may have its place in the long-term topical treatment of atopic dermatitis on account of its water-binding effect. PMID- 1107091 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release XIX. The insulinotropic effect of glyceraldehyde. AB - Glyceraldehyde is known to stimulate insulin release. Its influence on various parameters of islet function was investigated in order to assess the possible significance of glycolsis in the insulinotropic action of glucose. In the absence of glucose, glyceraldehyde (5-20 mM), but neither dihydroxyacetone nor glycerol stimulated insulin release in rat isolated islets. The glucose-like effect glyceraldehyde (10 mM) was characterized by a shift to the left of the curve relating insulin release to glucose concentration, without any significant increase in the maximal velocity of the secretory process. In the isolated perfused rat pancreas, glyceraldehyde provoked a biphasic secretory response. Glyceraldehyde-induced insulin release was inhibited in the absence of calcium or in the presence of epinephrine, unaffected by mannoheptulose or 3,3 tetramethyleneglutaric acid, and enhanced by theophylline and cytochalism B. Glyceraldehyde also stimulated to pro-insulin biosynthesis and 45Ca net uptake by isolated islets, the latter effect being apparently due, in part at least, to inhibition of calcium outward transport across the cell membrane. At concentrations of nearly equivalent insulinotropic potency, glucose and glyceraldehyde were metabolized at rates yielding comparable output of both lactate and 14CO2. The data indicate that glyceraldehyde mimics many effects of glucose on islet function, suggesting that the insulinotropic action of glucose may be related to its metabolism through the glycolytic pathway. PMID- 1107092 TI - Cellular detection of HBsAg by immunofluorescence in liver of HBsAg positive and negative subjects. AB - Demonstration of direct immunofluorescence of HBsAg in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of hepatocytes. The study is based on 77 patients: 32 clinically healthy carriers and 45 patients with acute or chronic hepatitis. PMID- 1107093 TI - The inexhaustible beta cell. AB - Repeated intensive pancreatic beta-cell stimulation was carried out in 42 subjects, comprising 22 normal controls, 10 mild to "severe" maturity-onset diabetics, and 10 chronic pancreatitis patients. Each subject received 75 gm. oral glucose twice and 1 mg. glucagon plus 0.5 gm. tolbutamide intravenously three times at short intervals. Each of the three combined stimuli caused almost equivalent marked spikes of insulin release in all experimental groups. The total calculated output of insulin was equivalent to the total daily insulin output in normal subjects. Pancreatitics and those with severe diabetes (fasting blood sugar greater than 120 mg./100 ml.) had qualitatively similar but a quantitatively smaller response. Those with mild diabetes were similar to the normal subjects but had an exaggerated response to the second oral glucose dose, suggesting overactivity of the enteroinsular axis. Despite the inordinate insulin levels, hypoglycemia did not occur. PMID- 1107094 TI - A nonsuppressible increase of glucagon secretion by isolated islets of high protein-fed rats. AB - We recently demonstrated increased plasma glucagon but nomal insulin in rats fed a high-protein, carbohydrate-free (HP) diet; however, other investigators have reported that both plasma glucagon and insulin are increased after protein feeding. For this reason, we have investigated the ffects of an HP diet on pancreatic secretion of insulin and glucagon. Male rats were fed an HP or control diet for one, three, or five days, and, at the end of the feeding period, blood was taken for glucose, insulin, and glucagon determinations. Additional animals fed the HP and control diets for up to 10 days were sacrificed, the pancreases removed, and islets of Langerhans isolated. Islets were incubated for 30 minutes in media with glucose concentration of1.7, 8.3, 16.7, or 33.4 mM. Insulin and glucagon secreted into the media were determined by radioimmunoassay. Plasma insulin was markedly reduced after one day of HP feeding but gradually returned to normal by the fifth day. Plasma glucagon was not altered on day 1 but was significantly increased after three days of HP feeding. The I/G molar ratio, which declined precipitously on day 1, increased thereafter but, as shown previously, remained at a level that promotes gluconeogenesis for up to 10 days. Insulin secretion by isolated islets of control and HP rats increased more than 10-fold as medium glucose was raised from 1.7 to 16.7 mM. There was no difference in insulin release by the two groups of islets. Glucagon secretion by HP islest at low medium glucose remained normal during the first five days; however, beginning on day 3 there was gradual loss of the suppressive effect of high medium glucose on glucagon secretion. After one week of HP feeding, glucagon secretion at low medium glucose was doubled and there was complete lack of suppression of the elevated hormone production by high medium glucose. The alterations of alpha-cell function induced by HP feeding are similar to those found in human and experimental diabetes. PMID- 1107095 TI - Studies on the mechanism of epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in man. Evidence for participation of pancreatic glucagon secretion. AB - In man, epinephrine induces increases in plasma levels of glucagon, a lipolytic and hyperglycemic hormone. To determine glucagon's contribution to this hyperglycemia and lipolysis, the effects of inhibition of pancreatic alpha-cell responses to epinephrine were investigated with somatostatin and adrenergic receptor blockade. To avoid ambiguities that might result from concomitant changes in endogenous insulin secretion, these studies were performed in juvenile type, insulin-deficient diabetic subjects. Compared with normal subjects, the diabetics had excessive glucagon responses to epinephrine, which had been infused to attain circulating levels within the range found in man in severe stress. Both somatostatin and propranolol completely prevented glucagon responses and diminished the glycemic response to epinephrine by 40 to 50 per cent. Free fatty acid responses to epinephrine were completely prevented by propranolol but unaffected with somatostatin. Phentolamine had no effect on glucose, free fatty acid, or glucagon responses to epinephrine. These studies demonstrate that epinephrine, via a beta-adrenergic receptor mechanism, causes excessive plasma glucagon elevation in human diabetes mellitus and indicate that this hyperglucagonemia participates in the hyperglycemic, but not the lipolytic, response to epinephrine. Catecholamine-induced hyperglucagonemia may thus provide an additional explantation for the deterioration in carbohydrate tolerance associated with stress. PMID- 1107096 TI - Stereotaxic neurosurgery in the management of cerebral palsy. AB - Ten children with cerebral palsy are presented on whom stereotaxic operations on the central nervous system were performed with the aim of ameliorating athetosis and spasticity. Tere were seven alert and co-operative children with spastic hemiplegia or diplegia, of whom six received benefit from thalamotomy or dentatotomy. The seventh, a child with diplegia, had improvement of his left lower limb, but the right became worse. One child with spastic diplegia, in whom a thoracic meningocoele had been closed at birth, was not improved by bilateral dentatotomy. Two severely quadriplegic children each had bilateral dentatotomy; one was a child with dystonic and spastic quadriplegia. In both cases the resulting reduction in tone and extensor spasm rendered the nursing of these patients much easier. The place of stereotaxic surgery in the central nervous system in the management of children with cerebral palsy is discussed. We suggest that in selected cases the stereotaxic operation should be performed early in order to gain the greatest benefit. Stereotaxic surgery should be regarded as an integral part of the management which involves close co-operation of paediatrician, physiotherapist, neurosurgeon and orthopaedic surgeon. PMID- 1107097 TI - Selection of early treatment of myelomeningocele: a retrospective analysis of selection procedures. AB - In an attempt to formulate a procedure for the selection of those children with open myelomeningocele most likely to benefit from early surgery, the records of 163 children have been reviewed. No physical findings, either singly or in combination, were found to distinguish accurately between children with good and poor prognoses, and an alternative selection procedure is proposed which takes into consideration the absence or presence of lacunar skull deformity (a finding strongly associated with mental retardation). Early surgery is not recommended for children with lacunar skull deformity and at least two of Lorber's major adverse neonatal criteria, or children with associated gross congenital anomalies. This selection procedure has been applied retrospectively to the 163 children reviewed and has been shown to predict the (known) outcome of these children much more reliably than existing selection criteria. PMID- 1107098 TI - Carrier detection and genetic counselling in Duchenne dystrophy. PMID- 1107099 TI - Myotonic dystrophy: hazards of pregnancy and infancy. PMID- 1107100 TI - Paraneoplastic syndromes in children? PMID- 1107101 TI - Stigmata, dental defects and dermatoglyphics as aids in neurological diagnosis. PMID- 1107102 TI - Methods of assessing and recording motor skills and movement patterns. AB - The literature in different fields of assessment and recording motor skills and movement patterns in children is reviewed and various methods of movement analysis are discussed from a clinical and instrumental point of view. Their advantages and disadvantages in the study of motor development and in neuropaediatric diagnosis and research are considered. The methods chosen for a special purpose, whether a motoscopic, motometric or motographic technique, depend on what the investigator wants to study and on the available facilities, and is also influenced by the degree of co-operation of the patient. Whatever technique is used, the results obtained must enable comparisons to be made with later assessments as that valid statements about the child's progress become possible. PMID- 1107103 TI - Treatment of spastic cerebral-palsied children with sodium dantrolene. PMID- 1107104 TI - Marital breakdown in families of patients with spina bifida cystica. PMID- 1107106 TI - Current articles in developmental medicine, child neurology, cerebral palsy and kindred subjects. PMID- 1107105 TI - The relationship of physical handicap to stress in families with an adolescent with spina bifida. PMID- 1107107 TI - Physical and biochemical characteristics of the human dysraphic spinal cord. AB - The spinal cords were removed from 29 infants between 17 and 46 weeks gestation, all with various forms of spinal dysraphia. The spinal cords were assessed for weight, length, thickness, size and number of cells, and myelination, and then were compared with 86 control spinal cords. The strongest characteristic of the dysraphic cords was a reduced degree of myelination. Cell size and number generally were appropriate for the weight of the cords. There was a tendency for cord weight, length and thickness to be reduced, though in part this was a reflection of poor over-all bodily growth. In a small group of infants these measurements were increased in comparison with the controls. PMID- 1107108 TI - Bacterial colonisation and infection in lesions of the central nervous system. AB - A study was made of the pattern of bacterial colonisation during the first month of life in a group of 116 newborn infants with spina bifida. 55 patients subsequently developed a total of 90 infective episodes and in over three quarters of these episodes there was a correlation between the infecting and colonising organisms. The principal sites of infection were the lesion, the ventricles and the urinary tract, and infection accounted for 27 of the 35 deaths in the series. Some of the factors governing the pattern of colonisation and the development of infection in newborn patients are discussed. PMID- 1107109 TI - Mycoplasma meningitis in infants with spina bifida. AB - Infants with myelomeningocele are liable to develop bacterial colonisation of the lesion which, in the case of Gram-negative bacteria, often progresses to meningitis because of the infants' immature immune status. The time and origin of the bacterial colonisation usually are uncertain. This study reports seven cases of meningitis caused by Mycoplasma hominis, an organism not previously reported to cause meningitis. The commensal status of Mycoplasma hominis in the vagina of many women, and its isolation from the mother of one patient in this group, suggests that the infant acquired the organism in the birth canal and that infection developed over a period of days. Routine cultures from the sac or wound did not show the presence of organisms until after the child had developed signs and symptoms of meningitis. Commensal organisms from the vagina may lie dormant for several days within the closed myelomeningocele and their more virulent strains may then produce meningitis. It is suggested that neonatal meningitis may be caused by organisms acquired during birth, as well as by those to which the infant is exposed later. PMID- 1107110 TI - Continence, friends, marriage and children in 51 adults with spina bifida. AB - Fifty-one adults with spina bifida (28 men and 23 women aged between 17 and 56 years) were interviewed in their own homes in South Wales. 17 were completely continent, 10 were incontinent and the remainder were continent to some degree. Seven of the 51 had no close friends but almost half the total had five or more close friends. Of the 29 who were unmarried, nine had a steady relationship but 13 felt that they were disqualified from such a relationship because of their disabilities. 11 men and 11 women were married and a total of 39 pregnancies had come to term, resulting in 32 normal children, five stillbirths (two with anencephaly) and two children with spina bifida. The risk of having an affected offspring when one of the parents has spina bifida (based on the combined London, Munster and Cardiff series) is 1 in 23. It is suggested that the children now growing up who have received 'total care' will be more handicapped than the adults in this series. PMID- 1107111 TI - The effects of hydrocephalus on intelligence, visual perception and school attainment. AB - A group of 59 children with spina bifida, and a group of matched controls, were given detailed psychological and educational tests at five and seven years. The scores of the control group were similar to the national figures. The scores of the children with spina bifida only (without hydrocephalus) were closest to normal, but still below average. Those with spontaneously arrested hydrocephalus were in the backward range of abilities, and those with shunt-treated hydrocephalus had scores which generally were incompatible with normal levels of intelligence and attainment. Abnormal visuo-perceptual functioning closely correlated with defects in intelligence. The results of the school-attainment tests paralleled the distribution of intelligence but many of the children were found to be functioning below expectation for both age and measured intelligence. PMID- 1107112 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid pressure-gradients in spina bifida cystica, with special reference to the Arnold-Chiari malformation and aqueductal stenosis. AB - Ten infants with spina bifida cystica were investigated during life by simultaneous ventricular and intraspinal CSF pressure recordings, and 11 post mortem specimens were studied by means of crystic resin castings of the ventricles. The results indicate marked pressure differentials between the lateral ventricles and intraspinal CSF pathways, which contribute to the moulding of the Arnold-Chiari malformation as a sliding hernia. Similar pressure differentials may exist at the incisura, with moulding of tissues producing blockage of the aqueduct and the subarachnoid pathways. A valvular action was demonstrated, in which baseline pressure differences were exaggerated by the infant's straining (e.g. crying, sucking), and it seems that complete dissociation between the two pressures may develop as a result of periods of partial dissociation. Removal of the meningocele sac increased the peaks in recordings of intraspinal pressure produced by straining. If it is carried out when there is a valvular effect, it seems that it will hasten the onset of established ventriculo-spinal pressure dissociation and uncompensated hydrocephalus by leading to impaction of the Arnold-Chiari malformation in the foramen magnum. The results indicate that even after birth the CSF pathways of babies with spina bifida cystica are in a plastic and changeable condition, with competition between constricting and distending forces. The demonstration that pressures tend to be low in the spine and to become lower before exacerbation of hydrocephalus suggests that all the intracranial manifestations of spina bifida cystica may be due to low intraspinal pressure, which results from initial failure of the neural tube to close during embryogenesis. PMID- 1107113 TI - A quantitative study of the cell population of the cerebellum in children with myelomeningocele. AB - A quantitative assessment has been carried out on the cell populations and DNA content of the cells in the internal granular layer of the central lobes of the cerebellum from 100 children with myelomeningocele and from 120 normal controls. The method used was a computerised analysis of a television image of the neurones in standardised sections. The cell and DNA complement of the declive and central lobe are only slightly reduced in the cases of myelomeningocele, but there is frequently cellular and DNA loss throughout the pyramid and uvula to the nodule. These findings suggest that the central lobes of the cerebellum are probably genetically normal but have irregular degeneration and arrest of growth, probably as an effect of pressure at the foramen magnum. PMID- 1107114 TI - The embryogenesis of trypan-blue induced spina bifida aperta and short tail in the rat. AB - The study of litters from 140 Wistar-derived rats injected with trypan blue during gestation leads to conclusion that a myelocele can result from faulty closure of the neural plate and that this is accompanied in many cases by blebs in the paraxial mesoderm. Haematomata usually underlie the open neural plate at an early stage and they form by extravasation of blood from the dorsal aortae into the blebs. Local ventral deflection of the notochord beneath a myelocele probably results from delayed separation of the notochord from the hindgut. Complete failure of separation and abnormality induced in the tail-bud could result in sacral agenesis and/or a short tail. All these malformations may result from varying severity of the action of the trypan blue at different developmental stages. PMID- 1107115 TI - Lacunar skull deformity related to intelligence in children with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus. AB - It has been suggested that the presence of lacunar skull deformity in infants with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus is indicative of later lowered intelligence and therefore is a useful criterion in early selection for treatment. In the present study, retrospective investigations were made of the clinical records and skull X-rays of 169 surviving children who had been admitted immediately after birth with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus to the Children's Hospital, Sheffield. Adequate X-rays were available for 131 of the children, of whom 97 per cent exhibited some degree of lacunar skull deformity. At five years of age or older, the 131 children were tested on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The differences in mean IQ between the various degrees of severity were not large, and it was found that 82 per cent of children with the most severe degree of lacunar skull deformity had IQs above 70. These findings do not support the use of lacunar skull deformity as an important measure in selection for treatment of children with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus. PMID- 1107116 TI - Some factors relating to intelligence in treated children with spina bifida cystica. AB - The 83 survivors of a consecutive series of children with spina bifida cystica, born between 1963 and 1971 and treated non-selectively since birth, were assessed by intelligence and developmental testing. In nine of the children who had not required shunts the distribution of intelligence was within the normal range. The need for a shunt was significantly related to the presence of craniolacunae and to the sensory level of the lesion recorded at birth. Seven of the 74 shunt treated children had suffered ventriculitis, meningitis or septicaemia, and their intelligence was significantly worse than the others. In the 67 shunt-treated children who had not suffered infection, intelligence was significantly related to the thickness of the pallium when the shunt was inserted during the first four weeks of life, and to the sensory level of the lesion recorded at birth. Intelligence was not related to the function of the shunt at time of assessment, to the number of revisions of the shunt, or to the rate of increase in head size during the first four weeks of life. It is concluded that the best indication of later intelligence can be gained at birth from the thickness of the pallium and the sensory level of the lesion. PMID- 1107117 TI - Study of indirect methods for measuring hepatic blood flow in the isolated perfused dog liver. AB - This study was undertaken to assess the reliability of the constant infusion clearance and extraction technique (CIT) and the single injection clearance method (SIT), to measure hepatic perfusate flow at different levels of liver function. In the 36 isolated perfused dog livers, hepatic perfusate flow(HPF) was monitored by a direct method (DM), and the HPF was simultaneously measured with an indirect method (IM) utilizing bromosulphophthalein BSP) as indicator (20 SIT and 16 SIT). In 16 experiments, absolute ethanol (750 mM) and sodium taurocholate (600 muM) were seperately utilized to impair BSP metabolism. By comparison with DM, in the experiments with an extraction ratio(ER) of BSP lower than 10%, the error of the IM (ml/min) was for the CIT 154.57 +/- 46.55 and for the SIT 107.25 +/- 34.20. This error was significantly greater than in the experiments with an ER greater than 10% (CIT 15.70 +/- 3.88, SIT 8.20 +/- 1.38) p less than 0.01. In the studies with ER less than 10%, no difference was found in the error detected with the SIT (107 +/- 34.20) and CIT measurements (154.37 +/- 46.55); in the experiments with an ER greater than 10%, the error with the CIT (15.70 +/- 3.88) was greater than the one attained with the SIT (8.20 +/- 1.38, p less than 0.10 greater than 0.05). It is concluded that both methods are reliable techniques, for measuring HPF in livers with normal or near normal clearance capacity, but even in these ideal experimental conditions the values for HPF are inacurate when the liver clearance function is moderate or severly impaired. PMID- 1107118 TI - Ultrastructural changes of the endocrine pancreas in pregnant rats. AB - The ultramicroscopic appearence of the B-cell of the pregnant rat suggests hyperinsulinism of the individual beta cell. In pregnant rats the B-cell contains an increased volume and an increased number of light granules as well as enlarged mitochondria. PMID- 1107119 TI - Estimation of pancreatic IRI output rate and its relations to glucose tolerance in normal anasthetized dogs. AB - The pancreaticoduodenal and portal venous blood flows were recorded electromagnetically in anaesthetized dogs. Blood glucose and IRI were measured in the arterial, portal, and peripheral venous as well as in the intestinal venous blood. By a mathematical model the actual net IRI output of the whole pancreas was estimated. Under basal conditions it is 10.2 +/- 2.4 mU/min (n = 30; 26 kg mean body wt.). After i.v. glucose injection, IRI output is rapidly enhanced. The biphasic nature of this reaction was unequivocally demonstrated by consideration of the ratio IRI output : blood glucose. Pancreaticoduodenal blood flow increases transiently in relation to the increased blood glucose concentration. The IRI secretion rate is well correlated with the blood glucose concentration and to the amounts of glucose or of blood reaching the whole pancreas. It is also correlated with the portal IRI Concentration. The overall peripheral venous or arterial IRI concentrations are correlated with the IRI secretion rate, but not in all individual experiments. The different phases of IRI output (basal rate, stimulated output 1-10 min and 10-60 min) show no influence on each other, nor are they correlated with the peripheral IRI concentration area. Basal IRI output is negatively correlated with the glucose assimilation constants. These constants or the peripheral BG areas, however, are independent of the stimulated IRI output rate. However, both the assimilation constants and the peripheral BG areas are related to the peripheral IRI concentration areas. Hepatic uptake of insulin and dynamics of pancreatic blood flow seem to contribute considerably to the estimated correlation pattern. PMID- 1107120 TI - Tolbutamide-induced changes of the DNA, protein and insulin content and the secretory activity of isolated rat pancreatic islets. AB - Following prolonged administration of tolbutamide the DNA- and protein content per islet was enhanced but the IRI content per islet was diminished. Glucose induced (2.0, 8.0 or 16.6 mM) and leucine-induced (12.5 or 25.0 mM) IRI release from isolated islets, as well as 14C02-production from U-14C glucose, were decreased. Theophylline (5.0 mM) restored the glucose sensitivity of the islets towards normal. The results indicate that tolbutamide-induced islet cell hyperplasia does not entail islet hyperfunction, as previously thought. Decreased IRI release may partially be explained by a tolbutamide-induced alteration of the adenylate cyclase/phosphodiesterase system of the B-cell. PMID- 1107121 TI - Immuno-fluorescent reactivity to anti-somatostatin in the gastro-intestinal mucosa of the dog. AB - Evidence is presented that somatostatin-containing cells are present in the gastro-intestinal tract of the dog. Thus immuno-fluorescent cells were detected by the use of antiserum to cyclic somatostatin. These cells were mainly encountered in the antral mucosa and in the neighbourhood of gastrin-producing cells. No cross reaction was observed between gastrin and somatostatin. It is suggested that locally produced somatostatin controls gastrin secretion, and, more generally, that somatostatin-containing cells, multifocally distributed, modulates secretion of a large number of glands. PMID- 1107122 TI - Diabetes in the mouse due to two mutant genes - a bibliography. AB - A bibliography is presented of work involving the two diabetes-producing autosomal recessive mutations in the mouse, db and db2j. PMID- 1107123 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: nature of their interaction with rabbit pancreatic islets to alter insluin secretion. AB - Using an in vitro rabbit pancreas system, we studied the effect of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on flucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We evaluated the effect of both brief (15 min) and prolonged (60 min) exposure of pancreas segments to non-hydrazine (harmine, alpha-methyltryptamine, tranylcypromine and pargyline) and hydrazine (phenelzine, nialamide, iproniazid) type MAO inhibitors. All of the hydrazine type MAO inhibitors potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Of the non-hydrazine inhibitors, only harmine and alpha methyltryptamine potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Hydrazine, although not itself an MAO inhibitor, also potentiated insulin secretion. Sixty minutes of exposure to tranylcypromine or alpha-methyltryptamine caused a decrease in insulin secretion. These MAO inhibitors are primary amines and primary amines can inhibit insulin secretion. The dopamine (DA) or serotonin (5 HT) content of the B-cells was increased by incubating rabbit pancreas with L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) for forty-five minutes prior to stimulation with glucose. Non-hydrazine MAO inhibitors increased dopamine inhibition of insulin secretion and either did not alter, or decreased serotonin inhibition of insulin secretion. Rabbit pancreatic islets were isolated using the collagenase digestion technique. The MAO activity of islet homogenates was determined using 5-HT and DA as substrates. Rabbit islet MAO has only one tenth the specific activity against 5-HT (35 +/- 8.7 mumumoles/mg/min, M +/- SEM) that it has against DA (357 +/- 62.3 mumumoles/mg/min). This suggests that one reason that MAT inhibitors do not increase serotonin inhibition of insulin secretion is because MAO is not the major pathway for 5-HT inactivation in rabbit pancreatic islets. These studies suggest that MAO inhibitors alter insulin secretion, by both decreasing B-cell monoamine degradation and by mechanisms that do not involve MAO inhibition. PMID- 1107124 TI - Influence of anoxia on glucose metabolism in pancreatic islets: lack of correlation between fructose-1,6-diphosphate and apparent glycolytic flux. AB - When equilibrated with O2-CO2 (95:5), pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob-mice exhibited a sigmoidal dependence of 3H2O production on D-(5-3H)-glucose concentration; the rate was most sensitive to changes of glucose concentration around 5mM and tended to be maximum above about 15mM glucose. 3H2O production from more than 5 mM D-(5-3H)-glucose was about twice as fast as the production of 14CO2 from equimolar D-(U-14C)-glucose. Islets equilibrated with N2-CO2 (95:5) did not exhibit a sigmoidal dose-response curve for 3h2o production, the process being inhibited by anoxia at glucose concentrations above 5mM. Pieces of exocrine pancreas had a slower aerobic 3H2O production than the islets and showed a clear enhancement of the process during anoxia. In comparison with oxygenated islets, anoxic islets exhibited decreased concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate and increased concentrations of furctose-1,6-diphosphate. The concomitant inhibition of glycolytic flux may be due to a low lactate dehydrogenase activity in islets yielding a slow reoxidation of NADH and a slow phosphoglyceraldehyde oxidation under anaerobic conditions. PMID- 1107125 TI - Differentiated cells in vitro. PMID- 1107126 TI - [Immunosuppression in protozoan infections]. PMID- 1107127 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of lysogenic phages with conversion activity in Shigella flexneri]. AB - The morphology of three lysogenic bacteriophages which induce antigenic conversion in various Shigella flexneri serotypes (II and V type antigen and 7.8 group antigen) has been investigated. A quite different morphology appeared with respect to that of Salmonella. PMID- 1107128 TI - [Experimental studies using a modification of the quantitative skin window technic on the amount of various antibiotics in the human interstitial fluid]. PMID- 1107129 TI - [The exercise electrocardiogram]. PMID- 1107130 TI - [Clinical application of hypothalamic hormones]. PMID- 1107131 TI - [History of epilepsy in Mexico. 19th century]. PMID- 1107132 TI - [Dr. Lauro Maria Jimenez, 100 years after his death]. PMID- 1107133 TI - [In memory of Dr. Narno Dorbecker Casasus]. PMID- 1107134 TI - [In memoriam Dr. Ignacio Morones Priets]. PMID- 1107135 TI - [In memoriam Dr. Gabriel Alvarez Fuertes]. PMID- 1107136 TI - [In memoriam Dr. Ubaldo Roldan Vergara]. PMID- 1107137 TI - Recurrent peptic ulcer. AB - From 1 to 5% of patients can be expected to develop recurrent ulceration following current surgical therapy for peptic ulcer disease. The development of recurrent ulcer frequently reflects an inadequacy of the initial procedure. The nature of the inadequacy is often difficult to delineate because of alterations in anatomy and physiology and the lack of accurate diagnostic procedures. Incomplete vagotomy and inadequate gastric resection account for the vast majority of surgical deficiencies. Gastrinoma, retained gastric antrum, and hyperparathyroidism are the most frequently encountered endocrine causes. A thorough evaluation must include gastrointestinal X-rays, fiberoptic endoscopy, multiple serum calcium and gastrin determinations, and provocative testing. Medical management of recurrent ulcer fails in the vast majority of cases. Reoperation is successful in about 70% of cases and has a mortality rate of 4%. Recurrent ulcer after simple gastroenterostomy is best treated by gastric resection or vagotomy and resection. After initial adequate gastric resection, vagotomy alone usually suffices. Antrectomy and, if necessary, re-vagotomy should be done for recurrent ulcer after vagotomy and drainage. Re-vagotomy alone is usually effective therapy for recurrent ulcer after initial vagotomy and resection. Non-acid reducing operations should not be done, as they result in high mortality and high second recurrence rates. PMID- 1107138 TI - In memoriam. Lester R. Dragstedt, M.D., PH.D. 1893-1975. PMID- 1107139 TI - Histological sexing of a reticulum cell sarcoma arising after liver transplantation. AB - Nuclear sex determination, based on both X and Y chromatin counts in a reticulum cell sarcoma which arose in the liver 5 months after orthotopic grafting, clearly showed that the tumor was of host origin. The Kupffer cells of the graft were also found to be of host origin, demonstrating that their replacement may occur within 6 months of operation. PMID- 1107140 TI - The effects of subtotal and total isletectomy in the river lamprey, Lampreta fluviatilis. PMID- 1107141 TI - Jack Schultz. (1904-1971). PMID- 1107142 TI - Letter: The role of Hermann J. Muller in the Drosophila Group. PMID- 1107143 TI - Genetic and physiological characterization of met15 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a selective system for forward and reverse mutations. AB - One hundred and thirty-three spontaneous and induced mutants of the met15 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were characterized with respect to temperature sensitivity, osmotic remediability, interallelic complementation, and suppressibility by amber and ochre suppressors. Forty mutants are osmotic remedial; 17 of these, and no others, are also temperature-sensitive. Seven of 133 mutations are suppressible by an amber suppressor and 11 are suppressible by an ochre suppressor. Seventy percent of the mutants exhibited interallelic complementation, suggesting that the functional gene product of the met15 gene is a multimeric protein. Relative map positions of 30 met15 were estimated from the frequencies of X-ray-induced mitotic reversion of various heteroallelic diploids. All complementing nonsense mutations are located near one end of the gene in contrast to other nonsense mutations which span most of the gene, thus relating the direction of translation of the mRNA with respect to the fine-structure map. Recombination studies indicated that two of 30 mutants contained deletions of the entire met15 locus. -- It was established that a variety of mutational types, including missense, nonsense, and deletions, are recovered with this unique system in which both forward and reverse mutations can be selected on the basis of methyl mercury resistance and methionine requirement of the met15 mutants. PMID- 1107144 TI - Regulation of newly evolved enzymes. II. The ebg repressor. AB - The ebg (evolved beta-galactosidase) regulatory locus has been mapped. The map order is argG-ebgA-ebgR-tolC-metC, and there is 1.6% recombination between ebgR and ebgA. Studies with ebgR-/ebgR+ merdiploids have shown that ebgR- is recessive, and it is concluded that the synthesis of ebg enzyme is under negative control. PMID- 1107145 TI - Genetic analysis of regulatory mutants of alkaline phosphatase of E. coli. AB - A fine structure map of the phoR region of E. coli, mutations of which affect the rate of alkaline phosphatase synthesis, was constructed by Hfr X F- crosses. Mutations causing three different phenotypes (previously reported as phoRa, phoRb, phoRc (Garen and Echols 1962a,b) are clustered in three closely linked genetic loci. PhoR mutants of all three types, including the phoRb type not previously tested, are recessive to wild-type phoR+. In addition, phoRa and phoRc complement each other, while phoRa and phoRb do not. Our results support the hypothesis of Morris et al. (1974) that phoRc mutants represent a cistron (phoB) different from phoR. PMID- 1107146 TI - How to manage hypertensive emergencies and urgencies. PMID- 1107147 TI - Understanding the early pathophysiology of essential hypertension. PMID- 1107148 TI - Diagnostic assessment of the patient with hypertension. PMID- 1107149 TI - The clinician's guide to pharmacology of antihypertensive agents. PMID- 1107150 TI - Relationship between DNA repair capacity and cellular aging. AB - The experimental evidence is reviewed which bears on the theory that aging in mammalian cells may be related to a decline in the efficiency of normal DNA repair processes. Although the data are as yet fragmentary, they do suggest that there is an age-associated decline in the capacity of cells to perform at least certain types of repair. This is particularly noticeable in human diploid cells as they reach terminal senescence in vitro. Whether this decline is causally related or even contributory to normal aging remains, however, an open question. PMID- 1107153 TI - [August Zinn (1825-1897), a founder of practical psychiatry in Switzerland on his 150th anniversary]. PMID- 1107152 TI - [Life and work of Louis Odier, physician and professor of medicine (1748-1817)]. PMID- 1107151 TI - [History of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1107154 TI - [Anton Lampa and Albert Einstein. The call to the chair in Physics at the German University at Prague 1909 and 1910]. PMID- 1107155 TI - [Erich Hintzsche, 1900-1975. Memorial with complete bibliography]. PMID- 1107156 TI - [4 apothecaries in an English mediaeval high rise]. PMID- 1107157 TI - [Theodore von Grotthuss, 1785-1822]. PMID- 1107158 TI - [In memoriam: Prof. Franz Merke (1893-1975)]. PMID- 1107159 TI - [Bibliography of papers on the history of medicine by Prof. Franz Merke]. PMID- 1107160 TI - [Reasons for the formation of municipal hygiene as a science in the Ukrainisn SSR (1918-1930)]. PMID- 1107161 TI - Health and the inner city elderly. PMID- 1107162 TI - Health care problems of the elderly of San Francisco's Chinatown. PMID- 1107163 TI - A diagnostic and treatment center for the aging: a program of pre-placement intervention. PMID- 1107164 TI - [Isoxsuprine in primary dysmenorrhea. Its efficiency in premenstrual tension]. PMID- 1107165 TI - [Circulating antibodies to an allergen from metaphenylenediamine]. PMID- 1107166 TI - [Lev Ivanovich Medved' (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1107167 TI - Cancer-related aspects of regeneration research: a review. AB - Tissue regeneration is simply the replacement of lost cells of a tissue by those remaining. Epimorphic regeneration involves dedifferentiation of many tissues and their organization into a blastema which eventually differentiates into the missing part, usually an appendage. A detailed comparison of the cell membrane changes occurring in epimorphic regeneration, tissue regeneration and cancer can contribute to greater understanding of the differences between normal and tumor cells. Further, there is evidence that epimorphic regeneration fields may in some instances suppress tuomr induction and control existing tumors. This influence may be mediated by bioelectric fields, which are ubiquitous in nature and appear to control many cellular events. Disruption of these bioelectric fields suppresses epimorphic regeneration and may lead to cancer in mammals, while applied electric fields alter regenerative events and cause tumor regression. PMID- 1107168 TI - [Heterotopic and repeated autotransplantation of a pulmonary lobe in experimental studies]. PMID- 1107170 TI - Proceedings: Effect of a pepsin-inhibitory pentapeptide upon the gastric secretion of pepsin and hydrochloric acid. PMID- 1107171 TI - Proceedings: Prophylactic oral antimicrobial agents in elective colon surgery: a prospective controlled clinical trial. PMID- 1107169 TI - Large bowel cancer: causation and management. PMID- 1107172 TI - Proceedings: Colonic pseudo-obstruction complicating jejuno-ileal bypass: the role of intestinal flora. PMID- 1107173 TI - Proceedings: A controlled comparison of highly selective vagotomy against truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 1107174 TI - Proceedings: Interim results of prospective randomized trial of highly selective vagotomy versus a more proximal type of gastric vagotomy for duodenal ulcer: clinical and secretory findings. PMID- 1107175 TI - Proceedings: Double-blind controlled trial of cholestyramine in the treatment of post-vagotomy diarrhoea. PMID- 1107176 TI - Proceedings: Controlled trial of cysteamine and dimercaprol in the prevention of liver damage after paracetamol overdose. PMID- 1107177 TI - Proceedings: Vasoactive intestinal peptide characteristics in human gut. PMID- 1107178 TI - Proceedings: Computer-aided diagnosis of dyspepsia: a prospective series with emphasis upon comparison with endoscopic findings. PMID- 1107179 TI - Proceedings: Is long-term prophylaxis for recurrent gastric ulceration a practical proposition? PMID- 1107180 TI - Post-operative complications in hand surgery. PMID- 1107181 TI - Dupuytren's Contracture: the dorsal transposition flap. PMID- 1107182 TI - A modified thenar flap. PMID- 1107183 TI - Intra-tendinous tendon suture in the hand--a new technique. PMID- 1107184 TI - Cross-arm double flap in the repair of severe adduction contracture of the thumb. PMID- 1107185 TI - Combined double Z-plasty and Y-V advancement for thumb web contracture. PMID- 1107186 TI - H. J. Hambury, M.D., F.R.C.S. PMID- 1107187 TI - Norman Capener, C.B.E., F.R.C.S. PMID- 1107188 TI - [Platelet function and endogenic metabolism, their relation to hemostasis and to clinical disorders of blood platelets]. PMID- 1107189 TI - [Rabbi Itzhak Lampronti]. PMID- 1107190 TI - [Effect of combined treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride on serum and urinary potassium]. PMID- 1107191 TI - Is it worth preserving the nerves in a transplanted kidney? PMID- 1107192 TI - The history and use of nitrate and nitrite in the curing of meat. PMID- 1107193 TI - [Pathogenetic model-theories of endogenous psychoses (author's transl)]. AB - The multiplicity of frequently conflicting views in the psychiatry of today inspires the wish for a uniform way thinking about the thorough knowledge and the many hypotheses that have become almost boundlessly vast. Such ideas of models as have played a part for quite some time in the mathematical and natural sciences, and of late in the sociology, are also to be found in the field of psychiatry, without however always being called so expressis verbis. Guided by the historical development an attempt has been made to expose model-like ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of endogenic psychoses, first of all of schizophrenia, as they have become decisive for modern psychiatry. It appears that in the abbreviation of the "model" the basis for a discussion already overdue is to be found. PMID- 1107194 TI - [The 50th birthday of Colonel Assistant Prof. Vaclav Stastny]. PMID- 1107195 TI - [Electromyographic study of myorelaxation effect of Dorsiflex]. PMID- 1107197 TI - [Clinical experience with combined therapy of ultrasound and diadynamic currents]. PMID- 1107196 TI - [Our experiences with the enzyme preparation Rheumajecta]. PMID- 1107198 TI - Characteristics of DNA fractionated on benzoylated DEAE-cellulose. AB - Chromatography on BD-cellulose columns with a salt gradient and formamide separates cellular DNA into two fractions (fraction I eluted within the salt gradient, fraction II with formamide), the proportions of these two fractions (ca. 2:1) being similar for DNA from a number of eucaryotic organisms. Yeast DNA was chosen for a detailed study of the mode of fractionation. Several physicochemical parameters, binding to nitrocellulose filters, sensitivity towards nuclease S1, labelling properties in vivo, and hybridization properties of the two DNA fractions were compared. It was shown that both fractions are native DNA and that the fractionation does not depend on the size or the (G + C) content of the DNA. Fraction I DNA contains only a small portion of molecules having single-stranded ends. Fraction II DNA is a heterogeneous population, containing molecules with peculiar structural characteristics: (a) It contains DNA molecules with single-stranded ends and/or gaps sensitive to nuclease S1; labeling experiments suggested that these are molecules undergoing repair and replication. (b) Another portion of fraction II is molecules sensitive to nuclease S1 in regions which are not single-stranded. (c) A third portion is DNA which, after treatment with nuclease S1, is still strongly bound to the resin. Indications that the segregation may be due to the presence of specific DNA sequences comes from the above experiments and from the finding that fraction I DNA is enriched in ribosomal genes and fraction II DNA in tRNA genes. PMID- 1107199 TI - Purification of tDNA from yeast. AB - tRNA-tDNA hybrids from yeast have been isolated. The main step in purification was chromatography on a BD-cellulose column with salt gradients and formamide, which separates the hybrid material from excess DNA. The hybrids were characterized by density centrifugation in CS2SO4 and by treatment with alkali and pancreatic ribonuclease. Experiments in which DNA that had been sheared to different molecular weights was used for hybrid formation suggest that the tRNA cistrons are tandemly arranged and that the external spacer DNA is preserved in the tDNA. PMID- 1107200 TI - Isolation, chemical and electron microscopical characterization of neutral-salt soluble type III collagen and procollagen from fetal bovine skin. AB - Extraction of fetal bovine skin at neutral pH and in the presence of protease inhibitors solubilized substantial amounts of type I and type type III collagen and Type III procollagen. Type I and Type III collagen were separated from each other by salt precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography was used to separate collagen from procollagen. The main chain constituents in type III collagen and procollagen were disulfide-bonded gamma and pgamma components, respectively. Amino acid composition, cross striation banding as observed using electron microscopy, cyanogen bromide peptide patterns in disc electrophoresis gels and resistance of the disulfide regions to pepsin digestion indicated a close similarity to previously described insoluble type III collagen, which was solubilized by limited pepsin digestion. Electron microscopy of long-spacing segment crystallites and evidence for an extended form of the disulfide-bonded cyanogen bromide peptide suggested that neutral-salt-soluble type III collagon is longer at its C-terminal end by about 10 to 20 amino acid residues than pepsin treated material. A small elongation was also indicated in the N-terminal portion of the molecule. Procollagen has an additional N-terminal extension with a length of about 160 A, but no difference was observed between collagen and procollagen at their C-terminal ends. PMID- 1107201 TI - [Reactivity of the 3'-terminal oligonucleotide Sequence C-A-C-C-A of tRNAPhe and tRNAVal from baker's yeast upon N-oxidation with monoperphthalic acid as compared to the oligonucleotides C-A-C-C-A and A-A-A-U-C-A-C-C-A (author's transl)]. AB - The nucleobases adenine and cytosine were subjected to N-oxidation by monoperphthalic acid at pH 7 and 0 degrees C in tRNAPhe, in the 3'-terminal pentanucleotide C-A-C-C-A from tRNAPhe, as well as in tRNAVal and in the 3' terminal nonanucleotide A-A-A-U-C-A-C-C-A from tRNAVal. In the tRNAs, the oxidative attack occurs stepwise from the 3'-end. First the 3'-terminal adenine is oxidized, then the following two cytosines, then the following adenine. The oligonucleotides are far more reactive than the identical sequences in tRNA and are not oxidized according to a sequential mechanism. PMID- 1107202 TI - Waxes containing secondary alcohols from the uropygial gland secretion of Nycticorax (night heron). PMID- 1107203 TI - Sen. Robert J. Dole (R-KS). PMID- 1107204 TI - American hospitals: the first 200 years. PMID- 1107205 TI - Regional kidney disease network offers efficient care, operation. PMID- 1107206 TI - Capital close-up: Sen. Gaylord Nelson (D-WI). PMID- 1107207 TI - New procedures for hearings: Medicare reimbursement dispute. PMID- 1107208 TI - New York City hospitals: the financial crunch. PMID- 1107209 TI - An analysis of "equality" and "rights" in medical care. PMID- 1107210 TI - The U.S. Cadet Nurse Corps. PMID- 1107211 TI - Application of gel filtration technique for the estimation of cardiolipin. PMID- 1107212 TI - [Slow virus infections of the central nervous system: a concept of a slow cell death (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107213 TI - Blastogenesis of human lymphocytes by endotoxin. AB - Lipopolysaccharides of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis and E. coli at wide range of concentrations were used to induce blastogenesis in human and mouse (nude) lymphocytes. Human lymphocytes from peripheral blood showed positive response to at least one source of LPS (stimulation index of 2-9). The optimum concentration resulting in maximum stimulation varied with different individual, sources and concentrations of LPS used. Lymphocytes from cord blood failed to respond to LPS, but had positive response to PHA. All three LPS produced about equally strong mitogenic effects on mouse spleen cells. PMID- 1107214 TI - Phagocytosis as a surface phenomenon. V. Contact angles and phagocytosis of rough and smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium, and the influence of specific antiserum. AB - The angle made by a drop of saline in contact with a monolayer of Salmonella typhimurium or phagocytic cells, the contact angle, is a measure of their relative interfacial tension, and is predictive of a successful phagocytosis. Smooth strains of S. typhimurium possess a contact angle lower than the phagocytic cells and resist phagocytosis. Rough strains have an angle higher than the phagocytes and are readily engulfed. The lower contact angle of smooth strains can be increased by treatment with specific antibody resulting in more efficient phagocytosis. PMID- 1107215 TI - Proliferative activity of syngeneic marrow transplant in irradiated recipient. PMID- 1107216 TI - Isolation & characterization of an L-arabinose negative mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 1107217 TI - Microbiological method for assay of antibiotics in combination. PMID- 1107218 TI - Formation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid & resorcinol as intermediates in the degradation of salicylic acid by Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 1107219 TI - Mode of yeast inhibition by A-435 antibiotic. PMID- 1107220 TI - Viral hepatitis in children. PMID- 1107221 TI - Antibodies to heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin in Apaches in Whiteriver, Arizona. AB - Antitoxin titers to heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin were measured in Apache children hospitalized with acute diarrhea and in Apaches of different age groups without diarrhea in Whiteriver, Ariz. The study suggests that in this locale, exposure to enterotocigenic E. coli is probably widespread and occurs early in life. Antitoxin titer rises after idarrheal disease associated with enterotocigenic E. coli infection, however, were not regulary found. PMID- 1107222 TI - Extracellular iron acquisition by mycobacteria: role of the exochelins and evidence against the participation of mycobactin. AB - Mycobacterium bovis var. BCG was grown under iron-deficient conditions in the presence and absence of 1% Tween 80. Mycobactin, the iron iron ionophore of mycobacteria, was found solely within the bacteria grown in the absence of Tween, but low concentrations (0.75 mug/ml) of it appeared in the medium in the presence of the surfactant. Both types of medium contain agents, named exochelins, which could solubilize iron. 55Fe added to spent culture media was recovered only chelated to these compounds. Two exochelins were detected, isolated, and purified. Neither were precursors or breakdown products of mycobactin. In the desferri-form, exochelin MB-2, the major component, reversed the inhibitory effect of serum on the growth of BCG, and in their ferri-forms exochelins MB-1, MB-2, and MS (from Mycobacterium smegmatis) stimulated the growth of their producing organism in the presence of serum. Exochelin MB-2 could physically remove iron from ferritin, and BCG used ferritin as a source of iron during growth even when ferritin was separated from the bacteria by a dialysis membrane. As solutions of the exochelins were freely dialyzable, whereas solutions of mycobactin, even in Tween, were not, only exochelin could have been active in this experiment. The exochelins are proposed as the functional extracellular iron binding agents of BCG and other mycobacteria, the role of mycobactin being confined to that of a cell wall iron transporter. PMID- 1107223 TI - Induction of heat-labile enterotoxin synthesis in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli mitomycin C. AB - Introduction of heat-labile toxin (LT) synthesis in enterotocigenic strains of Escherichia coli by mitomycin C (MTC) was demonstrated. Six enteropathogenic strains which produce LT were inducible, exhibiting an 896-fold increase in LT when compared to ininduced cultures. On the other hand, four nonenteropathogens and three other pathogens which produce only the heat-stable toxin were not induced to produce LT. Gel filtration chromatography, antibody neutration, and heat lability studies suggest that the toxin synthesized in the presence of MTC is the same as the toxin synthesized in the absence of MTC. PMID- 1107224 TI - Effects of BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, and methanol-extration residue in the reduction of mortality from Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans infections in immunosuppressed mice. AB - An immunosuppressed mouse model was devised to test the effects of immunopotentiators on the prevention of bacterial and fungal infections. The effects of BCG and Corynebacterium were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans infection. The effect of methanol-extraction residue (MER-BCG) was tested against S. aureus septicemia. CDF mice were given various doses of BCG, 1.0 mg of C. parvum, or 0.5 mg of MER intraperitoneally at varying intervals before injection of an intravenous bacterial challenge. Four days before challenge, 300 mg of cyclophosphamide per ml was given intraperitoneally. BCG (106 colony-forming units) reduced mortality due to S.aureus at pretreatment intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide treatment elimated the protective effect of the live BCG. C. parvum was as effective as BCG against S. aureus septicemia when given 3 days before infection, but lost most of its protective effect after that time. MER protected at doses as small as 0.25 mg when given 25 days prior to challenge. Both BCG and C. parvum exerted a protective effect against Candida albicans infection. PMID- 1107225 TI - Production and properties of an extracellular bacteriocin from Streptococcus mutans bacteriocidal for group A and other streptococci. AB - An extracellular bacteriocidal substance is produced by a serotype c strain of Streptococcus mutans in liquid meduim during the stationary phase of growth. The lethal effect of the substance was demonstrated by the decrease in viable counts of a standardized suspension of group A streptococci in broth. No lysis of affected cells was observed and no changes in appearance of these cells was seen in electron micrographs. The material was effective against certain strains of immmunological groups A, C, D, G, H, L, and O streptococci. It was inactive against strains of S. mutans belonging to the a, b, c, and d serotypes, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The factor was purified 273-fold from the culture fluid by column chromatography. It was sensitive to trysin and Pronase and resistant to catalase. It possessed a molecular weight of more than 20,000 and was not dialyzable. The properties of this substance indicate that it is a bacteriocin. Group A streptococci, which had been treated with antiserum specific for the cell wall group and type antigens, were susceptible to the bacteriocin. Streptococcal strains resistant to the lethal action of the bacteriocin adsorbed the bacteriocin from the solutions, as did the sensitive cells. The bacteriocin was not adsorbed at 0 C. PMID- 1107226 TI - Decontamination of gnotobiotic mice experimentally monoassociated with Candida albicans. AB - Gnotobiotic AKR mice, experimentally monoassociated with Candida albicans, were successfully decontaminated by oral treatment with amphotericin B incorporated in the drinking water. Germfree mice first were swabbed orally with viable C. albicans and then were allowed to acclimatize for 4 weeks. The log10 of number of C. albicans per gram of organ (with luminal contents) was 7.9 and 7.7 in the stomach and cecum, respectively. Direct fecal smears, as well as impresssion smears of stomach and cecum mucosal surfaces, revealed yeastphase cells, many with germ tubes, but no hyphal forms. No illness or mortality was observed over this period. The mice then were given amphotericin B DISsolved in the drinking water and offered ad libitum. At levels of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/ml, the number of fecal C. albicans was decreased but not eliminated completely. However, 0.3 mg/ml was sufficient to decontaminate the mice completely and return them to the germfree state. Residual amphotericin B was detected in the feces of the mice only while they were receiving the 0.3 mg/ml dose level. These mice remained germfree until the termination of the experiment, 10 weeks after the antibiotic had been discontinued and replaced by plain drinking water. PMID- 1107227 TI - Ineffectiveness of Vi and chemically treated endotoxins as typhoid vaccines in mice challenged with a Salmonella typhosa-Salmonella typhimurium hybrid. AB - Purified Vi antigen, acetic anthydride-treated Salmonella typhosa endotoxin, and potassium methylate-treated S. typhosa endotoxin employed as vaccines in Swiss white mice failed to protect these animals against challenge with a virulent S. typhimurium hybrid expressing S. typhosa antigens. PMID- 1107228 TI - Cephamycins: a review, prospects and some original observations. AB - The cephamycins are a group with great potential. The first member of the group intended for therapeutic use offers the following advantages over existing cephalosporins: 1. Stability to various beta-lactamases; in an environment increasingly threatened by R-factors, this property may be of increasing value as time passes. 2. Possible lack of cross-allergenicity with other beta-lactam antibiotics. 3. Activity against anaerobic strains. Cefoxitin is only the first semi-synthetic derivative; presumably there are other compounds awaiting assessment which have even more favourable properties. PMID- 1107229 TI - Insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs. PMID- 1107230 TI - Transformations of solutes administered during anesthesia. PMID- 1107231 TI - Lymphokines. II. Use of horse monocytes as indicator cells for human MIF. AB - Peritoneal exudate macrophages in guinea pigs and peripheral blood monocytes in man are the most readily available cells sensitive to the migration-inhibiting factor(s) (MIF) induced by tuberculin or insoluble concanavalin A in supernatants of stimulated lymphocyte cultures. The scarcity of MIF-sensitive cells is probably the main reason for the unsatisfactory results obtained with direct and indirect MIF tests when using white blood cells as indicator cells. Isolated horse monocytes represent an alternative sensitive source of indicator cells for human MIF assays, whereas guinea pig peritoneal exudate macrophages appear to be less sensitive and to show large individual variations in sensitivity to human MIF. The species specificity of MIF from various origins shows various patterns and is briefly discussed. PMID- 1107232 TI - Antibodies against Escherichia coli O antigen. Antibody amounts and avidities measured with ammonium sulfate precipitation technique. AB - The ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP) technique, modified Farr assay, has been utilized to study antibodies to Escherichia coli O2, O4, O6 and O75 antigens the induction of which could not be ascribed to the effect of a defined antigen. It was noted that the antibody titers against the O6 antigen in children, 0.1-2.5 years of age, were of lower magnitude than the others, significantly for the O2 and O4 antigens. Comparison between boys and girls under and over 1.0 year of age revealed higher titers in sera from girls and in the older children. However, significant differences were obtained only in a few instances. The antibody avidities were in most cases low and no correlation was found between antibody quantity and avidity. In consecutive samples from adults a varying pattern of antibodies to the O6 and O75 antigens was observed. PMID- 1107233 TI - Fraction A: a new immunotherapeutic approach for ragweed pollinosis. AB - Fraction A, a concentrate derived from short ragweed extract by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, contains all major allergens including antigen E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of this alum-adsorbed product was evaluated in a multicenter double-blind clinical trial by comparing it to placebo in 131 randomly matched ragweed hay fever patients who were not treated for at least 1 year. Therapeutic response to fraction A injections was more significant than placebo (p less than 0.05) by investigators' evaluation, by average daily symptom score (1.097 vs. 1.378, p less than 0.05) during the peak ragweed season, or by average proportion of days in which medication was required (0.411 vs. 0.584, p = 0.01). Fraction A patients exhibited a significantly higher (p less than 0.0005) increase in hemagglutinating titer after treatment than placebo controls. Radioallergosorbent binding, evaluated in a subgroup of 31 patients before and after the ragweed season, was unchanged or decreased in 12 of 15 patients treated with fraction A. In contrast, 9 of 16 placebo-treated patients showed an increase in this index. Systemic effects were noted after 42 (1.5%) of 2.641 injections, while local reactions occurred at the rate of 2.3%. It is concluded that a single course of preseasonal immunotherapy wih alum-adsorbed fraction A is effective and relatively safe. PMID- 1107235 TI - The industrialization of fetishism or the fetishism of industrialization: a critique of Ivan Illich. AB - This article critically assesses the ideology of industrialism in light of Ivan Illich's Medical Nemesis. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section is a description of the main features of that ideology, the most prevalent and influential one used in sociological literature to explain the state both of Western societies and of our health services. Also in this section, it is shown how these features appear in Illich's analysis of our societies, of our health services, and of the different clinical, social, and structural iatrogeneses that health services create. The second section examines the assumptions underlying Illich's analysis and discusses their validity to explain the nature and function of our Western health services and their iatrogenic effects. Where Illich's explanations are considered invalid, alternative explanations are presented. Among them, it is postulated that it is not industrialism, but the assumedly transcended category of capitalism that is the cause of the social and structural iatrogeneses. The third section discusses the political implications of Illich's analysis, in a moment when our Western societies are supposedly in crisis. PMID- 1107234 TI - Effects of contact sensitization and delayed hypersensitivity reactions on immune responses to non-related antigens. Modulation of Immune responses. AB - Guinea pigs were immunized intracutaneously into the ears with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Application of a sensitizing dose of the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) onto the same ears was shown to suppress or enhance the humoral response to SRBC depending on the time of application. When guinea pigs were sensitized to a contact allergen, application of a sensitizing dose of a non-related allergen on the same ears either had no effect or caused a clear enhancement of the development of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Strongest enhancement was found when both sensitizations were performed on the same day. Further experiments on the effects of a concomitant DTH reaction elicited at the site of application of a contact allergen showed a strong potentiation of DTH when B-cell suppression was minimized by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CY). It was considered that CY-DTH-immunopotentiation might be a useful tool for achieving a higher level of sensitivity after epicutaneous sensitization. PMID- 1107236 TI - 1974 and after: a general practitioner's views of the reorganization of the British National Health Service. AB - Living and working through the period since the British National Health Service began in 1947, the author describes his experiences as a family and general practitioner and in particular notes the effects and non-effects of the reorganization that took place in the National Health Service in 1974. PMID- 1107237 TI - The correlation between the clinical effectiveness and ratio of blood concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration of sulfamethoxazole against Escherichia coli isolates. The determination of a parameter in a dosage equation by the pharmacokinetics. AB - The correlation between the clinical effectiveness and ratio of blood concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration of sulfamethoxazole against Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens were studied. This value is one of important parameters in a dosage equation by the pharmacokinetics, it showing sigma in an equation, were determined by clinical trial for acute simple cystitis of women. The sigma values were justified as 4 or more. PMID- 1107238 TI - Immunology and cutaneous malignant melanoma. PMID- 1107239 TI - Lymphogranuloma venereum. PMID- 1107240 TI - Henry E. Michelson, M.D., 1888-1972. PMID- 1107241 TI - Letter: The DNA synthesis of U.V.-irradiated lambda phage in a U.V.-sensitive host bacterium. PMID- 1107242 TI - Ocular histoplasmosis: the second eye. PMID- 1107243 TI - Granulomatous histoplasmosis of the eye: a rare disease. PMID- 1107244 TI - The role of the cellular immune system in patients with macular disciform histoplasmosis. PMID- 1107245 TI - Integrative properties and design principles of axons. PMID- 1107246 TI - A neural model of attention, reinforcement and discrimination learning. PMID- 1107247 TI - Biological transmethylation involving S-adenosylmethionine: development of assay methods and implications for neuropsychiatry. PMID- 1107248 TI - Plastic surgery of the ureteropelvic junction with a pedicle stomach flap. AB - Experiments were carried out on dogs on the application of a pedicle flap cut from the stomach in plastic surgery of the ureteropelvic junction. The experiments showed that the flap healed well without any stenosis at the site where it was sewn in. An analysis of microscopic patterns showed that there was primary repair of the ureter wound which was the result of an adequate supply of blood to the flap. PMID- 1107249 TI - Cell-mediated tumour immunity in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. AB - Some recent data on problems of cell-mediated immune reaction directed against tumour-associated antigens (TAA) of transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder (BTCC) are reviewed. All of the 13 samples of BTCC examined in our laboratory using a lymphocytotoxicity microassay contained the characteristic TAA of urinary bladder carcinomas. TAA were absent in 14 control tissue samples. Forty-seven out of 70 (67%) patients with BTCC developed cytotoxic lymphocytes reacting with BTCC cells. However, cytotoxic lymphocytes were also found in the blood of 8 out of 165 (4.8%) control lymphocyte donors. PMID- 1107250 TI - [Short introduction to some current problems in immunosuppression and immunostimulation]. PMID- 1107251 TI - [Immunosuppression: bioligical bases and usage]. PMID- 1107252 TI - [Basis of immunosuppressive effect of D-penecillamine]. PMID- 1107253 TI - [Immunostimulation in the treatment of malignant diseases]. PMID- 1107254 TI - [BCG-treatment of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 1107255 TI - [Immunostimulation in severe infections]. PMID- 1107256 TI - Editorial: Human corneal endothelium--new insights. PMID- 1107257 TI - Significance of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the urinary tract. II. Experimental studies. AB - An attempt to cause retrograde urinary tract infection with Bacteroides fragilis (a strain subcultured in artificial media) failed to produce any significant renal infection in rats. Intravenous inoculation with Fusobacterium (a strain subcultured in artificial media) also did not cause demonstrable renal infection in rats. Nor could the anaerobic organism be demonstrated in the kidneys of these animals. Animals receiving Bacteroides (a strain subcultured in artificial media) inoculated directly into the renal medulla developed no renal infection. The anaerobic organism however, continued to be demonstrable in the kidneys of 78 per cent of these animals even on the 3rd day after inoculation. Rabbits receiving Bacteroides (a fresh clinical isolate) which was injected into the subcutaneously fixed kidney with ureteral obstruction all developed overt renal infection. There was also evidence of marked proliferation of the injected anaerobic bacteria and pyuria in these cases. PMID- 1107258 TI - Alfed Newton Richards (1876-1966). PMID- 1107259 TI - Proceedings: Interaction between eukaryote ribosomes and nonacylated tRNA. PMID- 1107260 TI - Proceedings: Study of the peptidyl-transferase center of Escherichia coli ribosomes by photo-affinity labeling. PMID- 1107261 TI - Proceedings: A cleavable protein-crosslinking reagent and its use in identifying neighboring proteins in the ribosome. PMID- 1107262 TI - Proceedings: In vivo reassembly of 30 S ribosomal subunits Escherichia coli cells after previous selective destruction of these subunits by thermal treatment. PMID- 1107263 TI - Proceedings: Membranes as the site of ribosome degradation. PMID- 1107264 TI - Proceedings: Positive regulation of alkaline phosphatase synthesis in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1107265 TI - Proceedings: Sequence complexity of polyadenylic acid-containing mRNA sequences from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 1107266 TI - Proceedings: Immunofluorescent detection of Kaplan lymphatic leukemia virus induction after fractionated x-irradiation of B-6 mice. PMID- 1107267 TI - Treatment of migraine with isometheptene, acetaminophen, and dichloralphenazone combination: a double-blind, crossover trial. PMID- 1107268 TI - [What's new in American dermatology?]. PMID- 1107269 TI - [Letter: Immunofluorescence histology of dermatoses in schema and picture. I. Material and methodology, normal human skin, bullous dermatoses]. PMID- 1107270 TI - [Ljuben Popoff 1891-1975]. PMID- 1107271 TI - [Hans-Gunther Meiers 1931-1917]. PMID- 1107272 TI - Enfranchisement and rationing: effects of Medicare on discretionary hospital use. AB - This study examines the effects of Medicare on hospital output using an economic model in which market demand for hospital care is treated as the sum of demands in separable markets. Results indicate that Medicare affected utilization patterns by the elderly, but in terms of an increased level of admissions and increased lengths of stay, not in terms of case mix or (apparently) in the level of the nondiscretionary component of care. However, the results also show the Medicare resulted in rationing of hospital services to patients under 65 years of age: case-specific lengths of stay declined, and there appears to have been a distinct decline in the degree of discretionary hospital use by this patient group. PMID- 1107273 TI - Complications occurring during mechanical ventilation. PMID- 1107275 TI - An annotated bibliography on consultation. PMID- 1107274 TI - America's beloved clinician-George C. Griffith, M.D., 1898-1975. PMID- 1107276 TI - [Biomechanical stability and post-traumatic osteitis. Experimental etiological studies and their consequences for clinical treatment]. PMID- 1107277 TI - Response to LH-RH and HCG in two brothers with the Reifenstein syndrome. AB - Two brothers with Reifenstein syndrome underwent LH-RH and HCG tests at various ages ranging from 13 to 17 years. We found that at age 13 the plasma LH and FSH response to one LH-RH injection was normal. After the age of 14, the basal plasma concentration of LH and FSH and their response to LH-RH became elevated. Concomitantly the plasma testosterone levels rose to abnormal levels. These findings are compatible with progressive development of primary gonadal dysfunction and with peripheral insensitivity to testosterone. PMID- 1107278 TI - [Surgery of injuries of the facial nerve on the lateral region of the face (author's transl)]. AB - Injuries of the lateral facial region frequently cause a partial or complete destruction of the trunk or individual branches of the facial nerve. Operative methods are presented, which have proved to be especially successful for reconstruction of the facial nerve. For a successful outcome of the nerve suture together with a good functional result later on, an exact suture tehcnique is mandatory. The procedure is discussed. On the other hand, the indication for operation raises a number of problems, which mainly concern the extent of nerve injury and the period elapsed after the damage. PMID- 1107279 TI - [Angiography in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal tumours (author's transl)]. AB - The angiography of tumours of the nasopharynx is an important contribution to preoperative diagnostis. Applying modern, improved techniques (superselective catheterisation, magnification angiography, subtraction methods) it is possible to have an idea of the size and the localization of the tumour as well as of afferent and efferent vessels. Often a differential diagnosis is achieved; in some tumours (angiofibromas, haemangiomas, cysts, vascular malignant tumours) the angiographic findings are pathognomonic. PMID- 1107280 TI - Nutrition and bone development in horses. PMID- 1107281 TI - Surgical repair of diaphragmatic hernia in a horse. PMID- 1107282 TI - N-acylated derivatives of a peptide obtained by enzymatic degradation of pepstatins. PMID- 1107283 TI - A spectrophotometric assay for gentamicin. AB - A rapid and accurate spectrophotometric assay has been developed for the determination of blood werum levels of gentamicin and related antibiotics. The assay uses a purified enzyme from Escherichia coli JR88/C600 that acetylates gentamicin with the production of coenzyme A, linked to a chemical reaction with a sulfhydryl reagent to produce stoichiometric amounts of a sensitive chromophore, monitored in the visible spectrum. The system provides advantages of speed, cost, convenience, accuracy, and enzyme stability to the desirable characteristics encountered with previous enzymatic methods. PMID- 1107284 TI - Serum LH concentrations and ovarian activity in cows with repetitive administration of LH-RH/FSH-RH. PMID- 1107285 TI - Clinical response of dairy cows with ovarian cysts to GnRH. PMID- 1107286 TI - Hormonal responses of dairy cows with ovarian cysts to GnRH. PMID- 1107287 TI - MacConkey and glutamate media in the bacteriological examination of seawater. PMID- 1107288 TI - Bacteriological examination of seawater: observations on factors affecting the performance of media. PMID- 1107289 TI - The incidence of Clostridium botulinum in farmed trout raised in Great Britain. PMID- 1107290 TI - The continuous culture of luminous bacteria: a luminostat. PMID- 1107291 TI - Recovery of Escherichia coli and coliforms from macerated shellfish. PMID- 1107292 TI - Chloroquine in malaria chemotherapy. PMID- 1107293 TI - The antibacterial activity of netronidazole. PMID- 1107294 TI - The role of the bacterial cell envelope in antibiotic resistance. PMID- 1107295 TI - An investigation of interactions between metronidazole ("Flagl") and other antibacterial agents. PMID- 1107296 TI - An evaluation of metronidazole in the prophylaxis and treatment of anaerobic infections in surgical patients. PMID- 1107297 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of tobramycin--a clinical and laboratory evaluation. PMID- 1107298 TI - Experience in the control of influenza by vaccination. A brief review. PMID- 1107299 TI - A therapeutic study of an adamantane spiro compound in experimental influenza A infection in man. PMID- 1107300 TI - Cognitive processing and linguistic reference in autistic children. AB - Mutism or echolalia and failure to analyze sentences for their deep structures are characteristics of the language behavior of autistic children. The experimental literature indicates that cognitive processes which underlie the construction of a lexicon or the learning of ordering rules may be disturbed in these children. The inability to coordinate visual and aural stimulation inhibits lexical development, while difficulties in sequencing and use of inappropriate sequencing codes inhibits the growth of a productive grammar. It is suggested that remedial programs which include training in these processes may prove beneficial, and that substitute modes of information processing which the autistic child uses may be exploited to teach language forms. PMID- 1107301 TI - Genetic control of multiple pathways of post-replicational repair in uvrB strains of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The effect of the recA, uvrD, exrA, and recB mutations and of post-irradiation treatment with chloramphenicol on the survival and post-replication repair after ultraviolet irradiation of uvrB strains of Escherichia coli K-12 was examined. Each of these mutations or treatments was found to decrease survival and the extent of repair. The interactions of the inhibitory effects of the uvrD, exaA, and recB mutations and chloramphenicol treatment were determined by examining the survival and repair characteristics of the several multiple mutants. The survival results suggest that the post-replication repair process in uvrB strains may be subdivided into at least five different branches. These include three branches that are blocked by the exrA, recB, or uvrD mutation, a fourth branch that is blocked by any of these mutations and is also sensitive to chloramphenicol treatment, and at least one additional branch that is not sensitive to either of these mutations or to chloramphenicol treatment. The extent of post-replicational repair observed with each of the strains is in general agreement with the pathways postulated on the basis of the survival data, although there are several apparent exceptions to this correlation. PMID- 1107302 TI - Inactivation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis and reduced-form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase activity in Escherichia coli by near ultraviolet and violet radiations. AB - Near-ultraviolet (near-UV) light (300 to 380 nm) is a significant component of sunlight and has a variety of effects on biological systems. The present work is an attempt to identify chromophores (molecular absorbers of light) and targets (critical damaged molecules) for inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis in Escherichia coli by near UV. The fluence of 334 nm required for 37% survival of net ATP synthesis (F37) in E. coli AB2463 in succinate medium is 140 kJ/m2. The action spectrum for this inactivation is almost structureless, exhibiting a smooth transition from high efficiency at 313 nm to low efficiency at 405 nm. The action spectrum for inhibition of net ATP synthesis is consistent with the chromophore being either ubiquinone Q-8 or vitamin K2. The fluence required is consistent with ubiquinone Q-8 also being a target molecule. The activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase in extracts of E. coli B is also inactivated by near UV and shows an F37 of about 40 kJ/m2. The action spectrum for this effect is quite structureless; it shows high efficiency at 313 nm and low efficiency at 435 nm. The data do not suggest a target molecule for this action, although it is possible that ubiquinone Q-8 absorbs the near-UV energy and then passes it on to some other target molecule. The data further indicate that inactivation of the oxidative phosphorylation system is not a primary factor in near-UV-induced growth delay in E. coli. PMID- 1107303 TI - Plasmid-determined beta-lactamase indistinguishable from the chromosomal beta lactamase of Escherichia coli. AB - A plasmid, derived from a naturally occurring strain of Proteus mirabilis, conferred resistance to cephalosporins, apparently mediated by a beta-lactamase indistinguishable from that determined by the chromosomal gene of Escherichia coli K-12. There was evidence for a recombination event between the wild-type plasmid and a defective F factor (Fsp) in the Escherichia coli K-12 culture in which it was stored. PMID- 1107304 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase II activity in an Escherichia coli mutator strain. AB - The polB gene encoding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase II has been located close to a mutator gene, mutT1, in Escherichia coli. We find the DNA polymerase II prepared from mutT1, strains to be normal in reaction requirements, heat stability, and ability to remove mismatched bases at termini. Recombinants formed from a mutant defective in DNA polymerase II (polB100) and mutT1 are deficient in polymerase II and have the same mutator phenotype as mutT1. Our linkage analysis indicates that mutT1 and polB100 are not isoallelic. PMID- 1107305 TI - Inhibition of nucleoside Q formation in transfer ribonucleic acid during methionine starvation of relaxed-control Escherichia coli. AB - The elution profiles of Asp-tRNA from unstarved and starved cultures of a relaxed control (Rel-) strain of Escherichia coli were compared by reversed-phase chromatography. Methionine starvation results in the appearance of several additional species of Asp-tRNA which are not observed with starvation for leucine or histidine. By the criterion of cyanogen bromide-effected shifts in chromatographic elution position, a large portion of the tRNAAsp synthesized in methionine-starved cells lacks the normal Q nucleoside. By the same criterion, virtually all of the tRNAAsp from unstarved, leucine-starved, and histidine starved cells contain Q. We conclude that methionine starvation prevents the formation of the norma Q nucleoside in Rel- E. coli. PMID- 1107306 TI - Excision of pyrimidine dimers in toluene-treated Escherichia coli. AB - Toluene-treated cells were used for examining excision of pyrimidine dimers in Escherichia coli strains W3110, DM845 (uvrA-), P3478 (polA-), and KS5064 (polAex1). Excision occurring in toluene-treated cells is rapid, adenosine 5' triphosphate dependent, and requires the uvrA gene function. In strains lacking either the polymerizing or 5' leads to 3' exonucleolytic activity of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I, excision does occur. However, both in vivo and in vitro, the excision in such strains is initially slower than wild type. PMID- 1107307 TI - cis-Dominant, transfer-deficient mutants of the Escherichia coli K-12 F sex factor. AB - Rare conjugational progeny formed by crossing each of five Hfr strains with a recA-F- strain have been characterized. Selection was made for a proximal Hfr marker, taking strict precautions to prevent transfer of recA+ to the zygotes. Most of the progeny were found to be F' strains containing deletion mutant plasmids. With two exceptions, these mutant plasmids have lost all of the tra genes, which are required to confer conjugational donor ability upon a host. In addition, all but the exceptional mutant plasmids were found to be very poorly transmissible from transient heterozygotes which also contain a wild-type F' plasmid. The poor transmissibility is a cis-dominant transfer-defective phenotype which may result from deletion of all or part of the origin of transfer replication (ori), or of a gene determining a cis-acting protein. The two exceptional mutant plasmids may carry short deletions of some of the tra genes or polar tra mutations. The remaining progeny were nonmutant F' strains and F- strains. The frequency with which the F- strains were recovered permits us to estimate that the maximum amount of recombination possible in a recA56 zygote is 10(-6) that of a recA+ zygote. PMID- 1107308 TI - Morphological analysis of nuclear separation and cell division during the life cycle of Escherichia coli. AB - Quantitative electron microscope observations were performed on Escherichia coli B/r after balanced growth with doubling times (tau) of 32 and 60 min. The experimental approach allowed the timing of morphological events during the cell cycle by classifying serially sectioned cells according to length. Visible separation of the nucleoplasm was found to coincide with the time of termination of chromosome replication as predicted by the Cooper-Helmstetter model. The duration of the process of constrictive cell division (10 min) appeared to be independent of the growth rate for tau equals 60 min or less but to increase with increase doubling time in more slowly growing cells. Physiological division, i.e., compartmentalization prior to physical separation of the cells, was only observed to occur in the last minute of the cell cycle. The morphological results indicate that cell elongation continues during the division process in cells with tau equals 32 min, but fails to continue in cells with tau equals 60 min. PMID- 1107309 TI - Thermosensitive mutations affecting ribonucleic acid polymerases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Among 150 temperature-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants which we have isolated, 15 are specifically affected in ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. Four of these mutants exhibit particularly drastic changes and were chosen for a more detailed study. In these four mutants, RNA synthesis is immediately blocked after a shift at the nonpermissive temperature (37 C), protein synthesis decays at a rate compatible with messenger RNA half-life, and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis increases by about 40%. All the mutations display a recessive phenotype. The segregation of the four allelic pairs ts-/ts+ in diploids is mendelian, and the four mutants belong to three complementation groups. The elution patterns (diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex) of the three RNA polymerases of the mutants grown at 37 C for 3.5 h show very low residual activities. The in vitro thermodenaturation confirms the in vivo results; the half-lives of the mutant activities at 45 C are 10 times smaller than those of the wild-type enzymes. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the synthesis of all species of RNA is thermosensitive. The existence of three distinct genes, which are each indispensable for the activity of the three RNA polymerases in vivo as well as in vitro, strongly favors the hypothesis of three common subunits in the three RNA polymerases. PMID- 1107310 TI - Direction of deoxyribonucleic acid replication in Escherichia coli under various conditions of cell growth. AB - The direction of chromosome replication in a temperature-sensitive initiation mutant of Escherichia coli (CT28) is shown autoradiographically to be bidirectional. This mode of replication persists even when the rate of replication is reduced by slow growth in succinate minimal medium or in the presence of chloramphenicol. Therefore, although the rate of replication can be affected by certain physiological stimuli, the topology of replication need not be. PMID- 1107311 TI - Actin-like properties from Escherichia coli: concept of cytotonus as the missing link between cell metabolism and the biological ion-exchange resin. AB - A protein fraction (A-L fraction) with characteristics reminiscent of muscle actin has been isolated from Escherichia coli. The A-L fraction undergoes reversible aggregation under the same conditions in which actin is polymerized and depends primarily on potassium for its polymerization. This fraction, upon electrophoresis on acrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, exhibits a distinct peak at the characteristic molecular weight of 45,000. Passage of skeletal muscle myosin through the A-L fraction specifically removes this 45,000-molecular weight peak. Examination of the myosin by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis after the passage reveals a new band at the proper molecular weight. The A-L fraction from wild-type E. coli is compared with the protein from a potassium transport mutant. Important catalytic differences exist between the A-L fractions of the two strains. The A-L fraction from the mutant fails to polymerize in low-K media in the K+ concentration range in which the mutant fails to take up to K+. In low-K+ media, the parent strain accumulates potassium and the A-L fraction from this organism polymerizes. The cell swelling reaction of both strains has been studied. Parent cells swell during low-K+ uptake, whereas the mutant does not. It is construed from this that the differences in the characterization of the A-L fraction relative to that of the wild type are related to the loss of cell swelling in the mutant and hence to the loss in alkali cation selectivity. The possible role of contractile proteins in biological ion exchange is discussed. PMID- 1107312 TI - Isolation of Escherichia coli K-12 mutants with altered level of beta-N acetylglucosaminidase. AB - Eight mutants with less than 25% of the wild-type level of beta-N acetylglucosaminidase activity have been isolated from Escherichia coli K-12. Studies on these mutants suggest that less than 1% of the wild-type level of this enzyme may be adequate for the normal growth and division of E. coli cells. PMID- 1107313 TI - Cell cycle-specific incorporation of lipoprotein into the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - A cell cycle-specific incorporation of free lipoprotein into the outer membrane of Escherichia coli was observed, with a maximal rate of incorporation occuring at the time of septation. PMID- 1107314 TI - Repression of diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase in Escherichia coli: gene dosage effects and escape synthesis. AB - Gene dosage and escape synthesis experiments support the hypothesis that diaminopimelate decarboxylase repression by lysine involves a repressor molecule in a negative control system. PMID- 1107315 TI - Effect of GAL4 gene dosage on the level of galactose catabolic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Lack of GAL4 gene dosage on the level of uridine diphosphogalactose epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) activity suggests the positive regulatory role for this locus on the control of galactose catabolic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 1107316 TI - Increased loss of duplicated genes in streptomycin-resistant (strA) mutants of Escherichia coli k-12. AB - The recombination-dependent loss of a duplicated portion of the Escherichia coli chromosome is five- to tenfold greater in strains containing streptomycin resistance (strA) mutations than in the strA+ parental strain. Streptomycin (500 mug/ml) partially reverses the increase. These results suggest an interaction between strA mutations and recombination. PMID- 1107317 TI - Plasmid-determined ability of a Salmonella tennessee strain to ferment lactose and sucrose. AB - The ability of a Salmonella tennessee strain to ferment both lactose and sucrose was attributed to a conjugally transmissible plasmid, deoxyribonucleic acid molecular weight 164 x 10(6), bearing the genetic determinants of both fermentation characters. PMID- 1107318 TI - Genetic and physical studies of recombinant plasmids formed between an R plasmid of compatibility group FI and sex factor F of HfrH. AB - Recombinant plasmids between an R plasmid of the FI group (R162/3) and the sex factor F or HfrH were produced after the conjugal transfer of this R plasmid into HfrH. Three types of recombinant plasmids were identified after the mating of HfrH (R162/3) with recA and rec+ recipients. One specimen of each type (pIP218, pIP222, pIP226) was studied in this report. All three recombinant plasmids carry the same genetic information for resistance to antibiotics (CSSuT) retained from R162/3. pIP218 retained all the other properties from F of HfrH: derepression for pilus synthesis, mobilization of the chromosome for the proximally transferred HfrH genes (thr, leu, proA), interference with T7 propagation, and ability to be cured by acridine orange. pIP222 retained from F of HfrH the derepression for pilus synthesis and the same polarity of chromosome transfer (thr, leu, proA), while pIP226 retained the interference with T7 propagation and acridine orange curing. Physical studies revealed that replication control and/or recovery of F and pIP218 as covalent circles of deoxyribonucleic acid are similar, and are different from R162/3. The new plasmids are more likely the result of a substitutive recombination event than a fusion. We propose genetic maps of these recombinant plasmids, showing the unequal participation of the parental plasmids in their formation. PMID- 1107319 TI - Coupling of rates of transcription, translation, and messenger ribonucleic acid degradation in streptomycin-dependent mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - The growth rates of streptomycin-dependent mutants varied in proportion to the level of streptomycin supplied; growth also varied characteristically from one dependent strain to another at a given streptomycin concentration. When cells growing at different rates (over a threefold range) were treated with rifampin, direct proportionality was observed for three parameters: (i) the rates of shutoff of transcription of total ribonucleic acid (RNA) and ribosomal RNA, as measured by pulse labeling at later times; (ii) the translation time for molecules of beta-galactosidase; and (iii) the rate of chemical degradation of messenger RNA. In contrast, the rate of functional inactivation of both total and beta-galactosidase messenger RNA was about the same at all growth rates. None of the variations of growth or other parameters were observed in an otherwise isogenic streptomycin-resistant strain treated with streptomycin. Since the mutational change in strd mutants and the site of action of streptomycin are in the 30S ribosomal subunits, it is suggested that the rate of ribosome function is set by the dependent lesion (and the level of streptomycin). One possibility is that the other correlated effects are mechanistically "coupled" to ribosome function, but the apparent coupling could also be an indirect result of differential effects of streptomycin on variables such as ribosomal miscoding and nucleotide pool size. However, since the rate of functional inactivation of messenger RNA is constant even when the RNA is broken down two- to fourfold more slowly, translation yield tends to be proportional to the growth rate of the dependent strains. PMID- 1107320 TI - Regulatory mutants and control of cysteine biosynthetic enzymes in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The cysB region in Salmonella typhimurium regulates in a positive manner the noncontiguous structural genes for the enzymes responsible for sulfate reduction in cysteine biosynthesis. We treated three cysB mutants with chemical mutagens and selected 81 secondary mutants in which the inability to utilize sulfate was suppressed. Growth experiments on the suppressed mutants showed that the original loss of sulfate utilization had been corrected to varying degrees and that portions of the pathway had been established in abnormal relationship to one another. Sixty of the suppressed mutations were mapped via transductional analysis, and each was very closely linked to the original cysB mutation. We demonstrated that the cysB product functions in the regulation of the cysteine biosynthetic enzymes during both logarithmic growth and stationary phase. Mutation can alter the regulatory response of one enzyme in either an upward or downward direction while the regulation of other enzymes in the pathway remains unchanged. These data are consistent with the idea of a multivalent or multisite regulator molecule. PMID- 1107321 TI - Cytochrome abnormalities and cyanide-resistant respiration in extranuclear mutants of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The cytochrome spectra of two extranuclear mutants of Aspergillus nidulans and the double-mutant recombinant formed from them have been examined both at room temperature and at the temperature of liquid N2 and compared with those of the wild-type strain. The oligomycin-resistant, slow growing mutant contained an increased amount of cytochrome c without any loss of cytochromes b and a,a3. The cold-sensitive mutant, apparently normal when grown at 37 C, showed an increased amount of cytochrome c and a partial loss of cytochromes b and a,a3 when grown at 20 C. A combination of these effects was observed in the double-mutant recombinant. Cyanide-resistant respiration was present in both mutant strains and in the recombinant at much higher levels than in the wild-type strain. In the oligomycin-resistant mutant, this was usually present together with cyanide sensitive respiration, whereas in the cold-sensitive mutant and recombinant grown at 20 C cyanide-resistant approached 100%. Inhibitor and growth yield studies indicated that the cyanide-resistant pathway was not used by the cold-sensitive mutant during growth at 20 C. PMID- 1107322 TI - Extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid in R factor-harboring Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from 24 different R factor-harboring Enterobacteriaceae was isolated and characterized by analytical ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy. The R factors represented 15 different patterns of transferable drug resistance found in enterobacteria from an enclosed geographic area. All of the strains contained extrachromosomal, circular DNA molecules within the range of 0.4 to 52 mum. More than one size class of circular DNA molecules was observed in the majority of the extrachromosomal DNA preparations. The buoyant density of the extrachromosomal DNA ranged from 1.700 to 1.720 g/cm3. The majority of the bacteria contained extrachromosomal DNAs of various densities. Three-fourths of the R factors were classified as fi+. The investigation illustrates the extensive variability in the physical characteristics of plasmid DNA from R factor-harboring strains. PMID- 1107323 TI - H2-dependent anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli on L-malate: succinate formation. AB - Escherichia coli grew anaerobically on L-malate only in the presence of H2; 91% of the L-malate utilized was converted to succinate. Anaerobically isolated membrane vesicles catalyzed the reduction of fumarate with H2 and contained a b type cytochrome. Cytochrome c552 was present in the "periplasmic space." PMID- 1107324 TI - Selection and properties of Escherichia coli mutants defective in the synthesis of cyclopropane fatty acids. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 defective in the synthesis of cyclopropane fatty acids (CFA) have been selected and isolated by a L-[methyl-3H]methionine suicide procedure. Two mutants were isolated. Stationary-phase cultures of both mutants contain less than 0.7% of the CFA content found in the parental strain. The CFA deficiency is attributed to a deficiency of CFA synthetase activity. Extracts of both mutants contain less than 10% of the CFA synthetase activity found in extracts of the parental strain. Experiments in which parental and mutant extracts were mixed indicate that the lack of activity in the mutant strains is not due to an inhibitor of CFA synthetase present in the mutant extracts. We have not yet detected a physiological phenotype for these mutants. These strains grow normally at various temperatures in a variety of media. We have tested survival (colony-forming ability) in response to (i) prolonged incubation in stationary phase, (ii) exposure to drying, and (iii) exposure to detergents, heavy metals, low pH, high salt concentration, and a variety of other environmental conditions. The survival of both mutants is identical to that of the parental strain under all conditions tested. The compositions (excepting the CFA deficiency) and metabolic turnover rates of the phospholipids of both mutant strains are indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain. The transport of several amino acids also seems normal in these mutants. PMID- 1107325 TI - Evidence for the involvement of ribonucleic acid in the production of F pili. AB - The effects of rifampin and streptolydigin, inhibitors of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, on the production of F pili by Escherichia coli were studied by electron microscopy. The inhibition of RNA synthesis reduces the number of new pili produced by depiliated cells, but does not affect their length or the number of pili present at the time of inhibition or the retraction of pili. We suggest that the rifampin-sensitive step may be linked to the establishement of a site for pili production. Evidence is provided that chloramphenicol inhibits retraction. We suggest that retraction requires some protein whose pool size is limited. PMID- 1107326 TI - Turnover of polyadenylate-containing ribonucleic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We examined the kinetics of incorporation of [3H]adenine into polyadenylate containing ribonucleic acid [poly(A)-containing RNA] in yeast. The total poly(A) containing RNA from spheroplasts and intact cells and the polysomal poly(A) containing RNA exhibited similar incorporation kinetics. At 30 C half-saturation of the pool of poly(A)-containing RNA with label occurred in approximately 22 min. Since precursor pools appeared to require 5 min to saturate with label, we conclude that at 30 C messenger RNA molecules in yeast decay with an average half life of 17 min. PMID- 1107327 TI - Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli chromosomal mutants affecting plasmid copy number. AB - We have isolated chromosomal mutants of an Escherchia coli K-12 strain that maintain higher levels of an F' plasmid. The mutants are designated as plasmid copy number (pcn) mutants. They were detected by selecting for increased lactose fermentation in bacteria deleted for the lac operon but harboring an F'lacI,P pro+ plasmid. When examined for the amount of F' plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by the dye-CsCl isopycnic technique, the mutants show two to seven times as much covalently closed, circular (CCC) DNA as does the parental strain. The increased plasmid level in one mutant strain (pcn-24) was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization; however, this latter technique indicated about a twofold lower increase when compared with the increase measured for pcn-24 by the dye-CsCl technique. In mutant pcn-24 the increased amount of F' DNA reflects a proportional increase in monomeric-size plasmid molecules because oligomeric forms are not found. Also, in mutant pcn-24 the extra CCC plasmid copies do not seem to be randomly distributed throughout the cell's cytoplasm but appear complexed in situ with their host's folded chromosome. In all pcn mutants examined to date, the classical sex factor F is maintained at normal levels, whereas the viral plasmid Pl CM is maintained at two to three times the normal level. In all 17 pcn mutants isolated, the pcn mutation maps on the chromosome and not on the plasmid. Finally, the absolute amount of CCC F' DNA detectable in lysates of the six different pcn mutants examined decreased 50 to 90% upon incubation of the lysate at 37 C. In contrast, no loss of CCC DNA occurs when lysates of the parental F' strain are incubated at 37 C. PMID- 1107328 TI - Adaptation of membrane lipids to alcohols. AB - The effects of alcohols of different chain lengths on the fatty acid composition of Escherichia coli K-12 have been examined. My results indicate that these cells radically change their fatty acid composition when grown in the presence of alcohols. These changes represent an adaptive membrane alteration compensating for the direct physicochemical interaction of alcohols with the membrane. Similar adaptive responses of membrane lipids are proposed as a possible biochemical basis for tolerance to alcohol and related drugs. PMID- 1107329 TI - Analytical isoelectric focusing of R factor-determined beta-lactamases: correlation with plasmid compatibility. AB - R factor-determined beta-lactamases have been investigated by analytical isoelectric focusing. The enzymes such as those specified by the R6K and RP4 plasmids (TEM-type enzymes) are notably homogenous in biochemical tests (Hedges et al., 1974), but two subclasses can be distinguished by isoelectric focusing. Three subclasses can be distinguished among the oxacillin-hydrolyzing enzymes, in good agreement with the classification based upon biochemical characteristics (Dale and Smith, 1974). The TEM-type beta-lactamases are promiscuously distributed among plasmids of a wide variety of compatibility groups, whereas the various oxacillin-hydrolyzing enzymes show some degree of correlation with compatibility. PMID- 1107330 TI - Physical properties of L-asparaginase from Serratia marcescens. AB - Purified L-asparaginase from Serratia marcescens had an apparent-weight average molecular weight of 171,000 to 180,000 as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels and by sedimentation equilibrium at low speed in an analytical ultracentrifuge. A subunit molecular weight of 31,500 +/- 1,500 was estimated for the enzyme after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels; a similar value was obtained by high speed sedimentation equilibrium in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride. Our data indicate that the Serratia enzyme could have five or six subunits of 32,000 daltons, compared to four subunits of 32,000 daltons in the Escherichia coli enzyme. The Serratia L-asparaginase also appears to be a larger molecule than the enzyme from Erwinia carotovora, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter glutaminasificans, and Alcaligenes eutrophus. The Serratia enzyme, like that from E. caratovora, was more resistant than the E. coli enzyme to dissociation by sodium dodecyl sulfate. This resistance could be due to the finding that the Serratia enzyme had a relatively high hydrophobicity, similar to the enzyme from E. caratovora, when compared with the hydrophobicity of the E. coli enzyme. The isoelectric point of the Serratia enzyme was approximately 5.2. The influence of certain physical characteristics of the enzyme on the biological properties is discussed. PMID- 1107331 TI - Construction of intergeneric hybrids using bacteriophage P1CM: transfer of the Klebsiella aerogenes ribitol dehydrogenase gene to Escherichia coli. AB - Study of many of the interesting properties of Klebsiella aerogenes is limited by the lack of a well-characterized genetic system for this organism. Our investigations of the evolution of the enzyme ribitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.56) in K. aerogenes would be greatly facilitated by the availability of such a system, and we here report two approaches to developing one. We have isolated mutants sensitive to the coliphage P1, which will efficiently tranduce genetic markers between such sensitive strains and which will thus make detailed mapping studies possible. Derivatives of K. aerogenes lysogenic for P1 can be readily isolated by using the specialized transducing particle P1CMclr100. Bacteria lysogenic for this phage are chloramphenicol resistant and temperature sensitive. Phage particles produced by temperature induction of such lysogens can be used to transfer K. aerogenes genes to the natural host of P1 phage. Escherichia coli. We have used this method to prepare derivatives of E. coli K-12 carrying the K. aerogenes genes conferring the ability to metabolize the pentitols ribitol and D arabitol. We have shown that these E. coli-K. aerogenes hybrids synthesize a ribitol dehydrogenase with the properties of the K. aerogenes enzyme and have mapped the position of the transferred gene on the E. coli chromosome. The ramifications of this methodology are discussed. PMID- 1107332 TI - Escherichia coli glyoxalate carboligase. Properties and reconstitution with 5 deazaFAD and 1,5-dihydrodeazaFADH2. AB - Glyoxalate carboligase (EC 4.1.1.47) has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from Escherichia coli. The enzyme was found to be a dimer of subunits of identical molecular weight of 68,000. Resolution of the holoenzyme into apoenzyme and FAD led to a dissociation of the dimer into monomers. The apoenzyme could be reconsitituted to full catalytic activity with FAD or the flavin coenzyme analogue 5-deazaFAD. Reconstitution of the apoenzyme with the reduced flavin analogue 1,5-dihydro-5-deazaFADH2 led to the recovery of 50% of enzymatic activity. The reconstitution of apoglyoxalate carboligase with all three coenzymes followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km values of 0.25, 0.74, and 0.72 muM for FAD deazaFAD, and deazaFADH2, respectively. PMID- 1107333 TI - Study of autologous dermal grafts implanted into canine atria. PMID- 1107334 TI - Actin, alpha-actinin, and tropomyosin interaction in the structural organization of actin filaments in nonmuscle cells. AB - During the spreading of a population of rat embryo cells, approximately 40% of the cells develop a strikingly regular network which precedes the formation of the straight actin filament bundles seen in the fully spread out cells. Immunofluorescence studies with antibodies specific for the skeletal muscle structural proteins actin, alpha-actinin, and tropomyosin indicate that this network is composed of foci containing actin and alpha-actinin, connected by tropomyosin-associated actin filaments. Actin filaments, having both tropomyosin and alpha-actinin associated with them, are also seen to extend from the vertices of this network to the edges of the cell. These results demonstrate a specific interaction of alpha-actinin and tropomyosin with actin filaments during the assembly and organization of the actin filament bundles of tissue culture cells. The three-dimensional network they form may be regarded as the structural precursor and the vertices of this network as the organization centers of the ultimately formed actin filament bundles of the fully spread out cells. PMID- 1107336 TI - Selection of chinese hamster somatic cell mutants after irradiation of BUdR labelled cells. AB - The selection of somatic cell mutants after irradiation of BUdR-labelled cells is improved with the use of a mercury lamp combined with a plastic sheet which filters the unwanted wave lengths below 303 nm. New somatic cell mutants defective for galactose metabolism or auxotrophe for fetal calf serum were thus isolated. PMID- 1107335 TI - Studies of muscle proteins in embryonic myocardial cells of cardiac lethal mutant mexican axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) by use of heavy meromyosin binding and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - In the Mexican axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum recessive mutant gene c, by way of abnormal inductive processes from surrounding tissues, results in an absence of embryonic heart function. The lack of contractions in mutant heart cells apparently results from their inability to form normally organized myofibrils, even though a few actin-like (60-A) and myosin-like (150-A) filaments are present. Amorphous "proteinaceous" collections are often visible. In the present study, heavy meromyosin (HMM) treatment of mutant heart tissue greatly increases the number of thin filaments and decorates them in the usual fashion, confirming that they are actin. The amorphous collections disappear with the addition of HMM. In addition, an analysis of the constituent proteins of normal and mutant embryonic hearts and other tissues is made by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. These experiments are in full agreement with the morphological and HMM binding studies. The gels show distinct 42,000-dalton bands for both normal and mutant hearts, supporting the presence of normal actin. During early developmental stages (Harrison's stage 34) the cardiac tissues in normal and mutant siblings have indistinguishable banding patterns, but with increasing development several differences appear. Myosin heavy chain (200,000 daltons) increases substantially in normal hearts during development but very little in mutants. Even so the quantity of 200,000-dalton protein in mutant hearts is significantly more than in any of the nonmuscle tissues studied (i.e. gut, liver, brain). Unlike normal hearts, the mutant hearts lack a prominent 34,000-dalton band, indicating that if mutants contain muscle tropomyosin at all, it is present in drastically reduced amounts. Also, mutant hearts retain large amounts of yolk proteins at stages when the platelets have virtually disappeared from normal hearts. The morphologies and electrophoresis patterns of skeletal muscle from normal and mutant siblings are identical, confirming that gene c affects only heart muscle differentiation and not skeletal muscle. The results of the study suggest that the precardiac mesoderm in cardiac lethal mutant axolotl embryos initiates but then fails to complete its differentiation into functional muscle tissue. It appears that this single gene mutation, by way of abnormal inductive processes, affects the accumulation and organization of several different muscle proteins, including actin, myosin, and tropomyosin. PMID- 1107337 TI - Distribution of lipid in the lamellate endocuticle of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera). AB - The lamellate appearance of the cuticle in the abdomen of the Rhodnius larva conforms to the conception of Bouligand in being an optical artifact which results from the spiral arrangement of successive layers of oriented fibrils. But superimposed on this structure is an actual lamination of bound lipid with the same spacing. The relation of the lipid layers to the optical lamination changes with the aspect from which the system is viewed. There must therefore be a cyclical secretion of lipid by the epidermal cells. Since the period of this cycle agrees with the cycle of rotation of the fibrous layers, which is supposedly inherent in the chemistry of the system, it is possible that it is the lipid which controls or initiates this helicoidal 'cholesteric crystallization'. There is evidence of a cyclical change in the secretion of lipid by the microvilli; it is suggested that there may be alternating cycles of eccrine and apocrine secretion, and that the lipid laminae represent the apocrine phases. The pore canals in Rhodnius are roughly cylindrical in cross-section, with lipid impregnated walls. The contents of the lumen become slightly more electron opaque before the cuticle is stretched by feeding. There is probably some enzymic dissolution of the cuticle which precedes stretching; and this may concern particularly the lipid fraction. After the great distension and expansion of the cuticle which occur at feeding, lipid laminae can no longer be demonstrated in the old cuticle. PMID- 1107338 TI - Incorporation of lipid into the epicuticle of Rhodnius (Hemiptera). AB - The incorporation of lipid into both the outer and inner epicuticle during deposition is described. Waterproofing of the epicuticle by secretion of the wax layer, and sclerotization with or without melanization, are controlled from a distance by the epidermal cells by way of the pore canals. The pore canals gradually narrow as they approach the epicuticle. On reaching the inner epicuticle the canal ends in a conical projection from the apex of which a permeable lipophilic channel about 20-25 nm in diameter runs vertically to the apex of which a permeable lipophilic channel about 20-25 nm in diameter runs vertically to the surface. Shortly before ecdysis, silver-binding material (perhaps protein rich in tyrosine, or other precursors concerned in sclerotization) spreads radially from a point in the cuticular channels just below the outer epicuticle, and gradually impregnates the outer two thirds or more of the inner epicuticle. The precise pattern varies in different cuticular structures. Argentaffin materials (polyphenols) first appear in these same sites at the time of ecdysis and increase rapidly during the next 24 h. Lipid appears in the lumen of the distal parts of the pore canals (with a patchy distribution) shortly before ecdysis. When digestion and absorption of the old endocuticle are almost complete, minute lipid droplets appear on the surface of the epicuticle, apparently exuded from the epicuticular channels, and spread to make a uniform layer. When first formed this layer strains readily with Sudan B, but the lipid becomes incorporated in a delicate non-lipid silver-binding membrane (also exuded from the epicuticular channels) and hardens just before ecdysis, to form the so called 'wax layer' which then no longer stains with Sudan B. Within half an hour after ecdysis the alcian blue-staining cement layer is poured out by the dermal glands, and forms a continuous but somewhat irregular covering over the 'wax layer'. Changes in the epicticle that accompany the repair of abrasions are described. PMID- 1107339 TI - Imipramine in enuresis--psychological and physiological effects. PMID- 1107340 TI - Isolation and quantitation of picomole quantities of digoxin, digitoxin and their metabolites by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - The following high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separations are described: (1) isocratic separation of digoxin and its metabolites, (2) isocratic separation of digitoxin and its metabolites, (3) gradient elution separation of digoxin, digitoxin and their metabolites, and (4) gradient elution separation of gitoxin from digoxin and its metabolites. These methods utilize a multi wavelength UV detector set at 220 nm and a reversed-phase column with various mixtures of acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase. The feasibility of using these HPLC methods as qualitative and quantitative techniques for digitalis glycosides is discussed. PMID- 1107341 TI - The separation of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II by paper electrophoresis. PMID- 1107342 TI - Analytical aspects of capillary gas chromatography of lower fatty acids [up to C18]. AB - The principal aspects influencing analytical capillary gas chromatography of fatty acids up to C18 have been evaluated. Selected fundamental problems of interlaboratory exchange of retention data were problems of defined temperature in commercial thermostated air baths, of capillary tubing, and of stationary phases. A modification of commercial thermostats has been proposed in order to secure a defined temperature for glass capillary columns. It has been found that retention data of fatty-acid methyl esters can be measured under standard conditions with the same accuracy as retention data of hydrocarbons on squalane. Metal capillary columns coated with Apiezon L were found to be unsuitable for the analysis of fatty-acid methyl esters when compared with the results of their quantitative analysis in packed Apiezon L and polar capillary columns. Possibilities of a nontraditional statistical evaluation of the results of measurements are suggested. A program in FORTRAN IV language is given for the calculation of Kovats' retention indices for fatty-acid methyl esters. PMID- 1107343 TI - Strength-duration characteristics of estrogen effects on gonadotropin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in women. I. Effects of varying duration of estradiol administration. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effects of increased serum concentrations of estradiol of varying durations upon the gonadotropin responses to synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or LRF). Beginning at 8:00 PM on the first day of the menstrual cycle, subjects received im injections of estradiol benzoate (E2B), 5 mug/kg initially, followed by 2.5 mug/kg every 12 h for a total of 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11 injections. Twelve h after the last E2B injection, or 36, 60, 84, 108, or 132 h after the first injection of E2B (2 subjects at each time interval), each subject received 100 mug GnRH, iv. In addition, each subject received 100 mug GnRH iv during one of the seven days of the antecedent (control) menstrual cycle during which no exogenous estradiol was administered. When GnRH was infused 36 h after the initiation of E2B pretreatment, there was no significant LH or FSH increase. In contrast, LH and FSH responses were augmented and prolonged when compared with control cycles when GnRH was administered at 84, 108, or 132 h. At 60 h, responses of LH were augmented, although not to as great a degree. FSH responses were not augmented at 60 h. Expressed as maximal increase from baseline, gonadotropin responses following E2B were 1 1/2 to 9 times those achieved during control cycles (without E2B). Since mean serum estradiol concentrations at 36 h (185.9 +/- 20.0), when gonadotropin responses were absent, were similar to those at 60 (157.7 +/- 31.6), 84 (186.2 +/- 38.1), 108 (181.3 +/- 46.7), and 132 h (128.0 +/- 43.0 pg/ml), when responses were augmented, these results support the concept that the modulating effect of estradiol on pituitary response is dependent upon the duration of exposure of the hypothalamic-pituitary system to increased concentrations of estradiol. It is probable that the duration of the late follicular phase rise in serum estradiol is responsible, at least in part, for the augmented gonadotropin response seen at midcycle. PMID- 1107344 TI - Serum LH and FSH responses to the repetitive administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. AB - The serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to the repetitive administration of synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were studied in six male patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Each patient received 50 mug of GnRH intravenously every four hours for 43 consecutive doses, i.e., for one week. Five of the six patients had substantially greater maximum serum LH concentrations in response to the 43rd dose than to the first dose. The mean (+/- SE) maximum serum LH concentration of all six patients following the 43rd dose (14.6 +/- 3.0 mIU/ml) was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that to the first dose (8.3 +/- 2.6 mIU/ml. These results suggest that the LH response of the human gonadotroph to GnRH depends on the prior exposure of the gonadotroph to GnRH. All six patients had substantially higher basal serum FSH levels prior to the 43rd dose (13.6 +/- 2.6 mIU/ml) than prior to the first dose (2.8 +/- 0.4; P less than 0.01). Four patients had increases in basal FSH level to within the normal adult male range (5-15 mIU/ml), and two had increases to above it. This uniform elevation of the serum FSH level to normal or above normal suggests that GnRH may be the primary FSH-releasing hormone as well as the primary LH-releasing hormone. PMID- 1107345 TI - Gonadotropin secretion in prepubertal and pubertal primary hypogonadism: response to LHRH. AB - Plasma LH and FSH were measured before and after LHRH administration in 10 patients with Turner's syndrome, in 7 with anorchia, in 2 castrates, in 18 with Klinefelter's syndrome, and in 11 prepubertal subjects with unilateral cryptochidism used as a control group. Basal LH was elevated in 4 and basal FSH in 8 of 10 patients with Turner's syndrome. Four patients with anorchia showed elevations of LH while FSH had increased in all of them. The two castrates had normal or slightly increased basal LH and definite elevations of FSH. Prepubertal subjects with Klinefelter's syndrome had normal plasma LH and FSH levels, but showed a marked elevation when they developed puberty. After LHRH administration, mean LH increased by 297% and FSH by 81% in Turner's syndrome, while in anorchia LH increased 757% and FSH 104%. After LHRH administration, patients with unilateral cryptorchidism had an LH increment of 316% and a FSH increment of 164%. Patients with prepubertal Klinefelter's syndrome showed elevations of 261% for LH and 221% for FSH after LHRH treatment. Adolescent subjects with Klinefelter's syndrome had an increment of 352% for LH and only 13% for FSH after LHRH administration. We have concluded that patients without functioning gonads fail to suppress gonadotropin secretion even before puberty while the gonads of the prepubertal Klinefelter's syndrome are able to control LH and FSH release. After puberty, in spite of the hypersection of LH and FSH observed in all subjects with agonadism there is a large pituitary reserve of the gonadotropins. We suggest that the relative inability of pubertal patients with Klinefelter's syndrome to increase FSH after LHRH treatment might be due to the presence of an abnormal compound secreted by the gonads. PMID- 1107346 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy: XIII. Relationships between plasma insulin and proinsulin during late pregnancy in normal and diabetic subjects. AB - To assess the effects of pregnancy on the relationships between plasma insulin and proinsulin, studies were performed during late gestation in women with normal carbohydrate metabolism or diabetes mellitus. Plasma was secured after overnight fast and 1, 2, and 3 hours following oral glucose (100 g). Samples were analyzed directly for total immunoreactive insulin (TIR) and for insulin and proinsulin following plasma fractionation by gel filtration. Fractionation disclosed that most of the normal gestational increase in basal and glucose-stimulated TIR can be ascribed to insulin rather than disproportionate increments in proinsulin-like components. Normal proinsulin/insulin relationships were also preserved in mild diabetics despite greater variability in their TIR response to glucose. Thus, mild carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy is not attended by abnormalities in plasma proinsulin. In contrast basal proinsulin levels were elevated in 4 of 9 pregnant subjects with diabetes sufficiently severe to necessitate subsequent insulin therapy. Following glucose administration in the severe diabetics, the relative contribution from proinsulin to TIR was altered so that ratios of circulating proinsulin/insulin were increased at all levels of blood sugar. Postpartum tests of glucose tolerance in some of the normal and mildly diabetic subjects confirmed that pregnancy per se does not modify appreciably the relationships between plasma insulin and proinsulin although there may be some tendency for proinsulin to account for a smaller proportion of TIR. PMID- 1107347 TI - LH and FSH response to synthetic LHRH after consecutive administration of clomiphene citrate in normal males. AB - LHRH tests (100 mug iv) were performed in 11 normal male volunteers before and after administration of 100 mg clomiphene citrate per os for 7 days. Serum FSH, both pre and post LHRH levels (peak value and area under response curve) were significantly increased (P less than 0.01) by clomiphene citrate, while the maximum increments of FSH above baseline (deltaFSH) and area under response curve from basal level (deltaarea) were unchanged. On the other hand, basal serum LH levels increased significantly (P less than 0.005), post LHRH levels did not change by clomiphene citrate, whereas the increments after LHRH administration (both deltaLH and deltaarea) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) on the second LHRH test. Basal levels of testosterone increased following clomiphene citrate treatment (P less than 0.005). The increased testosterone is considered to suppress the effect of LHRH on LH secretion. PMID- 1107348 TI - Disappearance of biologic activity of synthetic LRH in normal and hypogonadal men. AB - The disappearance rates of the biologic activity of synthetic LRH have been measured in normal and hypogonadal men before and during estrogen treatment. Biologic activity was assayed by the change in radioimmunoassayable rat LH levels induced by injection of human plasma into ovariectomized rats pretreated with estrogen and progesterone, and compared with a dose-response curve using synthetic LRH. Following rapid iv injection of 100 micrograms synthetic LRH, peripheral blood peak levels of biologic activity occurred in less than 2-6 minutes, and the disappearance curve contained 2 exponential components. In 3 normal men the initial component had a t1/2 of 2 minutes and the second component a t1/2 of 10 minutes. Six hypogonadal men had first and second components of disappearance no different from normals whether or not they responded to LRH injection with increased endogenous hLH. While diethylstilbestrol 2 mg orally for 7 days suppressed pituitary hLH response to exogenous synthetic LRH (mean max.deltahLH 236 VS 46 NG/ml), it did not alter the disappearance rates in normal or hypogonadal men. These studies show that the biologic activity of synthetic LRH disappears from the blood after iv administration at rates similar to radioimmunoassayable and radioactive-labeled LRH. They further suggest that the lack of pituitary responsiveness to LRH in hypogonadal and estrogen-treated men is not due to more rapid clearance of the releasing hormone. PMID- 1107349 TI - Direct inoculation procedure for the rapid classification of bacteria from blood culture. AB - A procedure was developed for 4-h identification of bacteria from blood culture. From a turbid blood culture bottle a 10- to 15-ml aliquot was drawn off and centrifuged. The pellet was utilized to inoculate a series of enzymatic and physiologic reactions. Three hundred eight positive blood cultures were tested including 222 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, 40 strains of facultative grampositive cocci, 26 strains of anaerobes, and 20 assorted strains. There was over 96.5% agreement between 4-h and conventional methods with the Enterobacteriaceae, 98% with facultative gram-positive cocci, 100% with anaerobes, and 99% with the assorted strains. PMID- 1107350 TI - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from swine. AB - Data pertaining to 20 strains of Yensinia enterocolitica isolated from the cecal content of swine slaughtered at Toronto Abattoirs are presented. Fifteen of 20 cultures belonged to the two predominant human serotypes in Ontario (i.e., serotype O:3 and O:5,27.) Seven cultures of Y. enterocolitica O:3 belonged to the "Canadian" human phage type 9b. These findings are further proof that swine are reservoirs for Y. enterocolitica human infection. Seventeen Y. enterocolitica cultures were isolated by the cold enrichment method only. Difficulties encountered in isolating Y. enterocolitica from feces specimens are discussed. It would appear that the reported rate of Y. enterocolitica isolation from feces specimens is far below the actual incidence. Fourteen isolates of Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III were isolated during the same survey. PMID- 1107351 TI - Evaluation of a microscopy method for rapid detection and identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - A microscopy test that used the typical shape of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells growing on glass was investigated for its value for diagnostic purposes. Suspensions from 108 throat swabs were infected artificially with 102, 103, and 104 colony-forming units of three M. pneumoniae strains per ml. Agar medium, a diphasic medium, and the microscopy method with liquid medium in cover slip chambers were compared for isolation of the mycoplasmas. The mycoplasms were detected first by the microscopy method in nearly all concentrations tested. Typical M. pneumoniae cells could often be detected after 48 h. No differences were found between a laboratory strain and two low-passage strains. The experimental results suggest that under special circumstances the microscopy method could be a useful tool for isolation and identification of M. pneumoniae. PMID- 1107352 TI - Clinical isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica: cold temperature enrichment. AB - A cold-temperature enrichment procedure was used to isolate Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 6 from a clinical stool specimen. The use of conventional laboratory media and enrichment procedures failed to isolate this organism. PMID- 1107353 TI - Skin test and blastogenic responses to Sporotrichun schenckii. AB - In vivo skin testing and in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis were evaluated in a young adult population as methods for detecting cellular immunity to Sporotrichum schenckii. Similar procedures for Candida albicans and Coccidioides immitis were also investigated. 5 of 143 subjects had positive skin tests and 14 had positive blastogenic responses to S. schenckii. These 14 subjects also exhibited unusually high responses to C. albicans in vitro and 11 of the 14 were female. Data demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.89 when comparing the blastogenic assays for S. schenckii and C. albicans, suggesting cross antigenicity. Intact cellular immune mechanisms in combination with exposure to C. albicans may protect the host from systemic infection with S. schenckii. Although a limited number of subjects were studied, as a group, females had more vigorous cellular immune responses to C. albicans than males. The rare occurence of sporothrix infection in females as compared to males may be the result of antigenic stimulation from commonly observed vaginal colonization with C. albicans. The present data indirectly support this hypothesis. PMID- 1107354 TI - Pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. Serum anticytotoxin antibody response produced by toxigenic and nontoxigenic Shigella dysenteriae 1. AB - The serum antitoxin response to the cytotoxin contained in preparations of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga's bacillus) exotoxin was studied in natural and experimental infections of man. Natural infection resulted in the rapid appearance of toxin-neutralizing antibody, which disappeared some time between 9 and 18 mo after infection. Experimental infection of human volunteers provided the opportunity to study immunoglobulin class of the antibody in sera obtained serially from 7 to 50 days after infection. Neutralizing antibody was present only in the IgM fraction isolated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. This was confirmed by the use of solid-phase immunoaffinity chromatography. Even though the time-course and immunoglobulin class of the antitoxin antibody response was similar to that previously observed for anti-O polysaccharide antibody, the biologically active cytotoxin was shown to be highly susceptible to destruction by proteolytic enzymes. Sera from subjects infected with a virulent invasive chlorate-resistant Shiga mutant thought to be "nontoxigenic" also contained antibody which was similarly restricted to the IgM fraction. Biologically active cytotoxin was recovered when this mutant organism was grown in liquid media with controlled ion concentration. The mutant cytotoxin was heat labile, neutralized by antiwild-type cytotoxin antibody, and was separable by isoelectric focusing into two fractions with pI 7.2 and 6.1 like the wild-type toxin. These studies show that cytotoxin antigen is produced during in vivo infection with Shiga bacilli, resulting in a serum antitoxin antibody response. Without explanation is the restriction of the antibody to the IgM class and lack of evidence for an IgG antibody to the protein cytotoxin. Finally, mutant strain 725, previously designated "nontoxigenic," was shown to produce biologically active cytotoxin in vitro and, in experimentally infected volunteers, to result in a serum IgM antibody similar to that observed during infection with the wild-type strain. PMID- 1107355 TI - Homozygous human C3 deficiency. The role of C3 in antibody production, C-1s induced vasopermeability, and cobra venom-induced passive hemolysis. AB - Studies of the family of a patient with marked deficiency of the third component of complement (C3) demonstrated that the patient was homozygous for a blank allele at the C3 locus, C3-. Metabolic studies with purified radiolabeled C3 in the patient revealed a mildly elevated fractional catabolic rate and a markedly reduced synthesis rate, consistent with a lack of C3 synthesis as the patient's primary defect. There was also a mild increase in the rate of conversion of purified C3 added to her serum and incubated at 37 degrees C in vitro. Major blood group-compatible erythrocytes from a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria had the same shortened survival in the C3-deficient patient as in a normal control. Although no leukocytosis developed in the patient in spontaneous infection by pyogenic organisms, there was a normal leukocytosis in response to the injection of thyphoid vaccine. The intradermal injection of C-1s, which produces a marked increase in vasopermeability in the skin of normal subjects, produced no definite change in the patient, possibly implicating C3 or a protein in the alternative pathway as the normal mediator of this response. The patient's serum exhibited near-normal immune adherence activity, confirming the lack of requirement of C3 for this function. C5 inactivation and passive hemolysis of unsensitized guinea pig erythrocytes occurred normally in C3 deficient serum on incubation with cobra venom factor, indicating that C3 is not required for these reactions. The patient's humoral antibody response to both protein and carbohydrate antigens was entirely normal, making it unlikely that C3 is required for antigen processing. PMID- 1107356 TI - Maintenance of insulin release from pancreatic islets stored in the cold for up to 5 weeks. AB - Insulin content and release were measured from hand-dissected pancreatic islets from noninbred ob/ob mice after 1-5 wk storage in tissue culture medium 199 at various temperatures and glucose concentrations. After storage of islets for 1 wk at 37 degrees, 22 degrees, or 8 degrees C in 18 mM glucose medium and preincubation with 1 mM glucose, glucose-stimulated insulin release during the subsequent incubation was only 20-35% of that of fresh islets. The addition of a 4-h period at 37 degrees C with 18 mM glucose between the cold storage and perincubation restored glucose-stimulated insulin release from 8 degrees C stored islets to fresh-islet levels. Release throughout the 1-18 mM glucose range was strikingly parallel to that of fresh islets. Exposure of fresh islets to the same 4-h period increased basal release but did not affect maximal release. When islets were stored at 8 degrees C with 18 mM glucose for more than 1 wk, a short period at 37 degrees C every week was necessary for maintenance of release. After 5 wk of this procedure, glucose-stimulated insulin release was one-third that of fresh islets, or similar to that of islets stored for only 1 wk at 37 degrees C. Storage at 8 degrees C for 1 wk with 3 mM glucose, or continuously for 3 or 5 wk with 18 mM glucose, maintained islet insulin content, whereas release was lost. Thus, glucose-stimulated insulin release is best maintained by storage of pancreatic islets in tissue culture medium with a high concentration of glucose at 8 degrees C with short weekly periods at 37 degrees C. PMID- 1107357 TI - Isolation of chlamydia in irradiated and non-irradiated McCoy cells. AB - Specimens from eye and genital tract were cultured in parallel in irradiated and non-irradiated McCoy cells and the frequency of isolation of chlamydia using these culture methods was compared. There was a significant difference between the frequencies of isolation; irradiated McCoy cells produced a greater number of positive results. PMID- 1107358 TI - Laboratory contamination of blood cultures. AB - A prospective study of the use of a laminar flow cabinet, an exhaust-ventilated safety hood, and the open bench for the microbiological examination of blood is described. Blood samples from 1600 patients were subcultured on the open bench, 2700 in a safety hood, and 2607 in a laminar flow cabinet. Use of the laminar flow cabinet produced a significantly greater level of contamination than the other methods, and it is concluded that the exhaust-ventilated safety hood should be used for this procedure. PMID- 1107359 TI - Controlled clinical trial of oral and parenteral nefopam hydrochloride. A novel and potent analgesic drug. AB - The results of a controlled, double-blind clinical trial are reported demonstrating the potency of analgesia produced by orally and parenterally administered nefopam HCl in hospitalized patients with pain principally of skeletal and neuromuscular origin. The drug is an analogue of orphenadrine, consisting of a cyclization of the diphenhydramine molecule. A double-blind, crossover study was made of the analgesic effects of intramuscular doses of 20 mg nefopam HCl, 50 mg pethidine, and saline placebo in 20 patients. Nefopam and pethidine were found to be equally effective and statistically superior to placebo. A double-blind, randomized study was made of orally administered nefopam HCl, 60 mg t.i.d., for three days and of placebo t.i.d. for three days in 80 patients. Nefopam was distinctly superior to placebo in analgesic effectiveness, both in the initial single dose and in maintaining therapeutic benefit for the duration of the three-day trial. It was concluded that nefopam is a potent analgesic of novel structure and unique physiologic properties. PMID- 1107360 TI - A double-blind comparison of loxapine succinate and trifluoperazine in newly admitted schizophrenic patients. AB - A study was conducted evaluating the efficacy of loxapine succinate in newly admitted schizophrenic patients through a four-week double-blind comparison with trifluoperazine. Twenty-four patients received between 40 and 80 mg loxapine succinate daily and 19 patients received between 20 and 50 mg trifluoperazine daily. The two groups showed comparable significant improvement on the BPRS and CGI. The discharge and termination rates of the two groups were not significantly different and the incidence and severity of side effects, most frequently extrapyramidal signs, were similar in both groups. Loxapine succinate was judged to be an effective treatment for newly admitted schizophrenic patients. PMID- 1107361 TI - Rapid detoxification of the narcotic addict with naloxone hydrochloride. A preliminary report. AB - Parenteral (0.2--2.0 mg) and oral (500 mg) doses of naloxone hydrochloride were administered to 29 parolees showing evidence of increasing opiate use while participating in an aftercare abstinence program. The naloxone was found to be capable of inducing withdrawal symptoms, the intensity of which being a function of the amount of naloxone administered and of the level of physical dependence. Some patients (38%) showed a "detoxification effect" characterized by a positive abstinence reaction to initial naloxone administrations but a negative reaction to subsequent administrations. All of the 29 subjects, however, returned to illicit heroin use within several days following their release from the treatment unit. the potential of naloxone as a rapid detoxification tool is discussed in counterpoint to the apparent lack of potential the procedure has as a means of attenuating opiate-seeking behavior. PMID- 1107362 TI - A dual approach to the evaluation of the efficacy of a new rheumatoid arthritic agent--pirprofen. AB - Pirprofen was compared to placebo in a double-blind crossover study in 12 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Two approaches--univariate and multivariate--were used to analyze the study results which were in the form of arithmetic changes from pretreatment levels of six efficacy measurements. The univariate analysis failed to permit a single decision to be made regarding the further investigation and use of pirprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. However, the multivariate analysis which treats the efficacy variables simultaneously showed a clear differentation from placebo. Thus, multivariate analysis enabled the clinical pharmacologist to evaluate the new therapeutic agent in a complete and comprehensive manner. It allowed for a single decision to be made regarding the merits of pirprofen compared to placebo. PMID- 1107363 TI - The topographical distribution of S-100 and GFA proteins in the adult rat brain: an immunohistochemical study using horseradish peroxidase-labelled antibodies. AB - The cytological and topographical distribution of S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) proteins in the adult rat brain has been compared using the horseradish peroxidase-labelled antibody technique. Both proteins are present in astrocytes and structures composed of astrocytic processes, namely the glial limitans and the perivascular membranes, but the cytological localization varies between the two proteins. S-100 is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm whereas GFA protein is confined to the cytoplasm. Neither is found in neurons, but S-100 is present in some oligodendroglia, suggesting a general regulatory role in glia. Although GFA protein in present in both protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes, it is more prominent in the latter, confirming its association with astrocytic filaments. PMID- 1107364 TI - Metabolism and toxicity of cadmium, mercury, and lead in animals: a review. AB - Cadmium, mercury, and lead are toxic to humans and animals. Although cadmium and inorganic mercury toxicities occur in humans, they have not been observed in domestic livestock under practical conditions. In contrast, cattle, especially young calves, are extremely susceptible to lead toxicity. Apparently, cattle are more tolerant of cadmium than are other animal species. Due partially to higher absorption and longer retention times in the body, the alkyl mercuries, especially methyl mercury, are more toxic than inorganic mercury compounds. Inorganic forms of cadmium, mercury, and lead are poorly absorbed from the intestine. However, due to lack of effective homeostasis, after absorption retention time is long. Injected cadmium, mercury, and lead are metabolized differently from that naturally absorbed. Most cadmium and mercury are in kidney and liver (50 and 23% of total body in goats); but highest total load of methyl mercury is in muscle (72% in cows). With low to moderate body burden, most lead is retained in the skeleton. However, beyond a certain point, the kidney accumulates large quantities. Only minute amounts of cadmium and mercury are secreted into milk, but milk is only moderately well protected from dietary lead. Likewise, little cadmium and inorganic mercury pass the placental barrier whereas lead and methyl mercury pass more readily. PMID- 1107365 TI - Sodium cloxacillin for treatment of mastitis in lactating cows. AB - Sodium cloxacillin was used to treat 107 cows affected with acute mastitis and 138 affected with subclinical mastitis. Based on the application of conservative bacteriologic criteria, the cure rate was 53% for acute staphylococci mastitis and 65% for subclinical staphylococci mastitis. The cure rate for Streptococcus agalactiae infections was 91% in acute conditions and 92% in subclinical conditions. The cure rate was 73% for the acute infections and 88% in cases of subclinical infections when Streptococcus spp. "non ag" was the cause. Daily milk production had no effect on response rate. No adverse reactions due to treatment were reported by any investigator. PMID- 1107366 TI - Socially reinforced obsessing: etiology of a disorder in a Christian Scientist. PMID- 1107367 TI - Relative accuracy of automated MMPI narratives generated from adult norm and adolescent norm profiles. PMID- 1107368 TI - Editorial: The challenge of the third party. PMID- 1107369 TI - Everything you have always known about dentistry but were afraid to admit. PMID- 1107370 TI - A study of three preoperative sedative combinations. AB - The use of drugs as premedication for child patients to be treated in the office may provide the dentist with an adequate means of controlling the patient otherwise incapable of cooperation. Drug dosages for children cannot be determined alone on the basis of weight and age, especially when dental treatment is to be provided. Alphaprodine and promethazine; chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine pamoate; pentobarbital, meperidine, and scopolamine are three groups of balanced medication that fulfill the needs in pedodontic office procedures. The Pedi-Wrap is an important factor in treatment and control of movements unknowingly exhibited by the patient from one to six years of age. Its use should be required for the very young child patient, to prevent falls and bodily injury and to allow the doctor to execute his treatment effectively. PMID- 1107371 TI - Attitudes toward and use of pit and fissure sealants. AB - The results indicate that attitudes toward and use of sealants are generally low. There are, however, some dentists who use sealants proportionately more than other dentists, these being less recent graduates, dentists who practice in the northeast, and those dentists who are oriented generally more toward preventive procedures. The reasons selected by dentists for not using pit-and-fissure sealants were surprising. Despite considerable published evidence to the contrary and the provisional acceptance of two by the American Dental Association, Council on Dental Materials and Devices, most dentists are not yet convinced of the effectiveness of the procedure in preventing caries. In addition, many dentists were concerned that the material did not last long in the mouth, although high retention rates for periods in excess of one to three years had been reported. Also, a great concern for the possible sealing in of decay seems unsubstantiated by either clinical experience or reports from studies designed to monitor the activity of bacteria sealed in pits and fissures of teeth. Conversely, dentists infrequently selected either the cost of equipment and material or the time required for the procedure as reasons for not using pit-and-fissure sealants. The demanding technical requirements for proper application of the sealant, however, especially the avoidance of any moisture contamination, does require skilled personnel and substantial chair time. These factors are important considerations in the determination of the cost-effectiveness of this procedure in comparison to other preventive procedures for pit-and-fissure caries. These inconsistencies indicate a problem in the transmission of knowledge regarding sealants. Increased use of sealants, then, seems to be dependent on improving communication regarding their function and value to the dental profession. Data on the effectiveness of sealants over periods of three or more years have recently been reported and additional evaluations of this procedure are being reported. It would be expected that reports published since this research during the winter of 1974 will have an effect on both attitudes toward and use of sealants. PMID- 1107372 TI - Dental organ formation: a chronologic and topographic sequence. PMID- 1107373 TI - A comparison between stainless steel crowns and multisurface amalgams in primary molars. AB - From the findings in this study, it appears that steel crowns for primary teeth are significantly superior to multisurface amalgam fillings, in terms of the percentage of teeth requiring subsequent care: 88.7 percent of the teeth initially restored with amalgam required follow-up treatment, and only 30.3 percent of the crowned teeth required such treatment. Because both types of restorations were studied for approximately the same length of time, one could not justly conclude that the crowns were superior in terms of longevity. Steel crowns may prove to be more economical for the patient than amalgam fillings, if follow-up visits are considered. The author plans to conduct a second study on the cost factor. PMID- 1107374 TI - Tooth morphology in rubella syndrome children. PMID- 1107375 TI - Replacement of primary teeth with a partial denture: report of case. PMID- 1107376 TI - Treatment of simple anterior crossbite using a fixed appliance technique. PMID- 1107377 TI - Strain typing of oral streptococci by the use of bacterial antagonism. AB - Strain-typing methods utilizing microbial antagonism have been developed for S sanguis and for S mutans. The inhibition observed resembled that of bacteriocins. Inhibition within the species S sanguis was obtained with group D streptococci and facultative members of the genus Bacillus. Thirty-three inhibitors were paired (not in all possible combinations) with 37 isolates of S sanguis. Depending on the inhibitor, growth of between 15 and 85% of the sensitive indicators was halted. Three of the inhibitors manifested identical patterns of inhibition. Of the 37 S sanguis isolates, 34 exhibited individual patterns of inhibition. The three exceptions could be differentiated by their antagonism against sensitive indicators of S mutans. Variations in susceptibility to antagonism produced by group D streptococci allowed each of ten strains of S mutans to be typed. Present work for typing the oral streptococci is focused on computer-assisted searches for minimal typing sets. S mutans is sensitive to inhibition by some members of the species S sanguis. From a group of 58 challengers, 44 inhibited at least one of ten strains of S mutans, and 11 strains of S sanguis were able to halt the growth of half or more of the sensitive indicators. These results are useful not only for strain typing but form the basis for in vivo competition studies. PMID- 1107378 TI - Serological identification of Actinomyces using fluorescent antibody techniques. AB - Species-specific FITC conjugated antiserum can be prepared for each of the five species of Actinomyces and for Arachnia propionica. These serums can be used for rapid and specific identification of pure or mixed cultures of the bacteria and for identification of organisms seen in direct smears of clinical material or in tissue sections. Two serotypes each of A bovis, A odontolyticus, A israelii, A viscosus, and A propionica have been established, and A naeslundii has been tentatively divided into four serotypes. PMID- 1107379 TI - Preparation of antiserums for use in the fluorescent antibody identification of certain plaque bacteria. AB - The interaction of many factors involved in FA antiserum production determines the quality of each antiserum or conjugate prepared. Performance and physicochemical characteristics of 58 FA antiserums to S mutans currently in use suggested that many of these conjugates could have been improved by using the methods and evaluation procedures described in this symposium. Deficiencies in the conjugates included low titers, incomplete fractionation, inadequately labeled antibody, fluorochromed albumin, free fluorescein and cross-reactions. Titers ranged from 1:1 up to 1:4,000. Titers for S mutans serotype c conjugates were uniformly low. S mutans serotype c conjugates were prepared from antiserums produced using a modified immunization schedule. The schedule used both viable and killed whole cells and gave FA titers as high as 1:1,000 (adjusted to 10 mg protein/ml). Procedures presented in this paper and the report by Pittman and co workers27 should permit direct FA serum titers of up to 1:1,000 for each of the recognized serotypes of S mutans. The availability of highly specific antiserums with adequate titers will advance the use of the FA technique to identify microorganisms directly in specimens, such as dental plaque.29,30 This technique could be used to study such phenomena as the transmission of microorganisms from person to person and the establishment of the oral flora. It could also be used in epidemiological studies and perhaps to monitor the effect of a therapeutic agent on microbial composition of dental plaque. PMID- 1107380 TI - Detection of Streptococcus mutans in plaque samples by the direct fluorescent antibody test. PMID- 1107381 TI - Philip Jay, 1898-1974. President of the IADR, 1943-1944. PMID- 1107382 TI - Computer content analysis of applied biological knowledge in dentistry. AB - The study suggests that the Inquirer II System used by computers in content analysis of (textual) specific written material has value for longitudinal studies. The research findings indicate that the application of the computer in content analysis requires considerable effort in the preparation of materials and specifications of directions to the computer; standardizes data analysis, thus reducing subjective error in replication of studies; reduced measurement error in longitudinal studies, giving greater stability and power to statistical comparison; classified data as it is collected, quickly and reliably, while tabulating statistical information; reduced costs compared to human coders when used with large amounts of data; and competes effectively with human coders in terms of reliability and validity. PMID- 1107383 TI - Marginal leakage of two composite restorative systems. PMID- 1107384 TI - Immunologic (allergic) contact dermatitis. PMID- 1107385 TI - Clinical evaluation of Al-test patch test. PMID- 1107386 TI - Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in guinea pigs and humans with delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 1107387 TI - Increase of acidic nuclear proteins and DNA synthesis in human lymphocytes activated by phytohemagglutinin. PMID- 1107388 TI - An autoradiographic study on the percutaneous absorption of a topical corticosteroid, with reference to the effects of occlusive treatment and stripping. PMID- 1107389 TI - A case of Weber-Christian disease suggesting cellular immuno-deficiency. PMID- 1107390 TI - A case of storiform neurofibroma. PMID- 1107391 TI - [Effect of indoleacetic acid on the genetic exchange of E. coli K-12]. PMID- 1107392 TI - Determination of lead, calcium, and zinc in sugar. PMID- 1107394 TI - Accredited dental schools. Council on Dental Education. PMID- 1107393 TI - The ecology of the prosthodontic problem. AB - Denture failures are a constant reminder that mechanical fit and good occlusion are not necessarily the only factors that contribute to denture success. Although diet and nutrition represent one of the significant factors in determining the resistance or susceptibility of oral tissues to the denture and its trauma, they receive little attention in the average dental office. This is true notwithstanding the fact that many published clinical observations attest to the importance of diet and nutrition in the assurance of denture success. A cursory review of the literature, however, revealed only two controlled studies dealing with nutrition and denture success or failure. These reports suggest that protein, trace minerals, and the reduction in refined carbohydrate intake can be used to increase denture tolerance. Such an effect increases the chance of denture success and decreases the chance of denture failure. PMID- 1107395 TI - Activation and control mechanisms of Hageman factor-dependent pathways of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin generation and their contribution to the inflammatory response. PMID- 1107396 TI - Atopic dermatitis: diagnosis and pathobiology. PMID- 1107397 TI - Notes on the history of nutrition: Harold Hanson Mitchell (1886-1966)--in retrospect. PMID- 1107398 TI - Morgagni on disease in old age. PMID- 1107399 TI - The treatment of common cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 1107400 TI - Reticulum cell sarcoma (microglioma): report of two cases. PMID- 1107401 TI - The 1914 firing line. PMID- 1107402 TI - Management of fractures of the os calcis: a literature search. PMID- 1107403 TI - [Lucien Masse, 1895-1974]. PMID- 1107404 TI - Initiation and survival of biomedical research in a developing country: the Oswaldo Cruz Institute of Brazil 1900-20. PMID- 1107405 TI - Bookmen in biology and medicine I have known. PMID- 1107406 TI - Medicine and magic in the eighteenth century: The Diaries of James Woodforde. PMID- 1107407 TI - Botanical remedies from Gene Stratton Porter's The Harvester. PMID- 1107408 TI - The witch of Mallegem. Print by Pieter Breughel the Elder (ca. 1528-69): Pieter van der Heyden, engraver. PMID- 1107409 TI - Lorenz Heister on acupuncture: an eighteenth century view. PMID- 1107410 TI - Bacteriological evaluation of a mobile laminar cross-flow unit for surgery, under laboratory circumstances. AB - A mobile laminar cross-flow unit for surgery has been evaluated by the use of an experimental bacterial aerosol of Escherichia coli in different concentrations, generated at several different sites. A separate ventilation system, mounted underneath the table, produced an almost downward directed curtain of sterile air along both sides of the table. When the velocity of the air stream, discharged by the cross-flow unit, was adjusted at 0-50 m./sec. at 2 m. from the filter face (at the head end of the operation table), the surface of the table could be maintained free of bacterial settling even after aerosolization of heavily concentrated suspensions of 10(8) bacteria/ml. at different sites outside the enclosure and underneath the table as well. PMID- 1107411 TI - Specific immunoglobulins in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome. AB - The indirect immunofluorescent technique has been used to detect and titrate the specific immunoglobulins in serum specimens from 154 infants with confirmed or suspected congenital rubella. IgM antibody was stained more efficiently in sucrose density gradient fractions than in whole serum and was detected in this way in 27 out of 40 patients with confirmed congenital rubella at ages ranging from birth to 2 years. It was present in 48 out of 50 serum specimens during the first 6 months of life and in 11 out of 38 specimens obtained at ages between 6 1/2 months and 2 years. IgM antibody was therefore estimated to persist for about 6 months in the majority of cases and up to 2 years in a few individuals. IgM antibody was also detected by this method in 11 out of 114 infants with suspected but unconfirmed congenital rubella at ages up to 5 months. The total concentrations of IgM were above the normal range in nearly all sera taken from confirmed cases during the first 3 months of life and in half the specimens obtained between the ages of 3 and 6 months. IgG antibody was detected by fluorescent staining of whole serum in all patients with congenital rubella. Geometric mean titres increased during the first 3 months of life and then declined slowly. IgA antibody was not detected, except in two patients in whom traces were present at the age of 6 months, and the total concentrations of IgA were usually within normal limits. Fluorescent staining of fractions showed that the sedimentation characteristics of rubella IgG and IgM antibodies were the same in infants as in adults. The peak IgM fractions never contained IgG antibody, and the presence of specific IgM in these fractions could usually have been safely inferred from their HAI titres. Fluorescent staining, however, was more sensitive and frequently detected IgM antibody in fractions which had no definite HAI activity. Fluorescent staining of whole serum for IgM antibody was less distinct, and often unsuccessful, even in specimens in which specific IgM was detected in the fractions. The addition of IgG- to IgM-containing fractions caused depression of IgM staining and suggested that failure to detect IgM antibody in whole serum was partly due to competitive inhibition by specific IgG. PMID- 1107412 TI - Survival of Salmonella east bourne and Salmonella typhimurium in chocolate. AB - Experiments were carried out to assess the reduction rate of two salmonella strains (S. eastbourne and S. typhimurium) in chocolate bars. After artificial contamination of chocolate, after 'conching', with about 10(6) S. eastbourne/g. this organism was still recovered after 9 months storage. The strain of S. typhimurium was less resistant. Both serotypes died off more rapidly in bitter chocolate than in milk chocolate. After contamination with a smaller dose (about 10(3)/g.) with these two serotypes, similar differences were observed. PMID- 1107413 TI - The preparation of simulated water samples for the purpose of bacteriological quality control. AB - As part of the bacteriological quality control programme of the Public Health Laboratory Service, we were asked to investigate the possibility of providing simulated water samples for distribution to the laboratories. For this purpose it was necessary to find some means whereby suspensions of coliform organisms and Escherichia coli could be kept relatively stable in number at room temperature for a period of 7-10 days. This, it was finally found, was best achieved by adding selected strains of the organisms to improved formate lactose glutamate medium (Gray, 1964) without the lactose but with added boric acid to a final concentration of 1-8%. The procedures adopted in the successful quality control programme are described. PMID- 1107414 TI - Studies on the estimation of the hygienic condition of frozen broiler chickens. AB - Various sampling techniques to determine the aerobic, E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae counts and to detect the presence of salmonellas were compared. As a simple method for the detection of salmonellas a modified Surkeiwicz procedure using both drip and rinse water is advocated. To evaluate hygiene during processing, determination of the number of Enterobacteriaceae in pieces of skin from the ventral, lateral and breast region is preferred. PMID- 1107415 TI - Observations on environmental contamination in a microbiological laboratory. AB - Contamination of a laboratory environment with pathogenic or non-pathogenic micro organisms may be relevant to safety of technicians and quality of technical performance. Two widely separated incidents in 1968 and 1974 initiated a study of aspects of the laboratory environment. Water-baths, water of syneresis and portions of salmonella cultures spurting out of the sterilizing flame were examined. The water of water-baths was shown to be contaminated from the fluid cultures incubated in them. This raised questions of potential cross contamination and reporting of false positives. Water of syneresis was sometimes contaminated with salmonellas. A few quantitative counts were made. The range of counts varied between 16 salmonellas per ml. and 13,000,000 salmonellas per ml. Five hundred portions of salmonella cultures and 571 portions of Shigella sonnei cultures which had spurted from the sterilizing flame were examined. All these samples failed to grow salmonellas or shigellas. Precautions necessary to avoid environmental contamination are briefly discussed. PMID- 1107416 TI - The virulence of trimethoprim-resistant thymine-requiring strains of Salmonella. AB - A thymine-requiring (thy-), trimethoprim-resistant (tmpr) mutant isolated from the faeces of chickens experimentally infected with salmonella typhimurium and treated with mixture of trimethoprim and sulphadiazine was less virulent for chickens than the parent strain and a thy+tmps revertant prepared in vitro from the mutant. The difference in chicken-virulence was more noticeable when the strains were administered orally than when they were administered subcutaneously. All tmpr mutants prepared in vitro from four other salmonella strains were also thy-; those tested were less virulent for chickens and mice than their parent strains. After oral infection, thy- salmonella organisms were found much less commonly in the alimentary tract of chickens then were thy+ organisms. This was especially so in the caeca, the principal site of colonization of both the thy+ and thy- organisms. Relatiely high concentrations of thymine or related compounds were found in the contents of all regions of the alimentary tract of chickens except the caeca; the caeca usually contained low or undetectable concentrations. The thy- salmonella strains would not grow on one brand of briliant green agar because of its deficiency in thymine; their colonial and appearance on other kinds of media used for isolating salmonellae from clinical material was often 'un-salmonella-like'. PMID- 1107417 TI - Biochemistry of BCG lipids and their role in antituberculous immunity and hypersensitivity. PMID- 1107418 TI - The ultrastructure of the strain BCG 725 cultivated on Sauton's medium with casein hydrolysate. Co-report the report "biochemistry of BCG lipids and their role in antituberculous immunity and hypersensitivity. PMID- 1107419 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of mycolic acids and its application for the characterization of BCG strains. PMID- 1107420 TI - Comparative studies with Danish and Prague BCG strains inoculated into the cornea of the rabbits in repeated experiments. PMID- 1107421 TI - Studies of corneal lesions of rabbits inoculated with M. microti--M.P. strain. PMID- 1107422 TI - An eosinophil chemotactic factor present in blister fluids of bullous pemphigoid patients. AB - Tissue eosinophilia is often found in the inflammatory lesions of bullous perphigoid. A study made on naturally occurring eosinophil chemotactic activity in the blister fluids of four bullous pemphigoid patients revealed the existence of this activity in all of them. Sephadex G-25 column chromatography showed that the greater part of this eosinophil chemotactic activity was composed of low molecular substance of which the weight was close to that of vitamin B12 (m.w. 1357). The blister fluids and the sera of these patients contained elevated levels of IgE. An IgE anti-skin basement, membrane antibody was found in two if the four sera, and deposits of IgE were detected along the basement membrane zone of the involved skin in one of the patients. On the basis of these findings, we have reason to believe that an eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF A) participates in the accumulation of eosinophils in the lesions of bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 1107423 TI - Partial characterization of murine migration inhibitory factor (MIF). AB - These studies describe the production of murine migration inhibitory factor (MIF)3 in sufficient quantities to allow its partial characterization by physiochemical and enzymatic methods. MIF was obtained from murine spleen cell cultures (C57BL/6 strain) stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A). Characterization of murine MIF was performed using Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, isopycnic centrifugation in a CsCl density gradient, polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, heat stability, and enzymatic treatment. MIF containing and control fractions were assayed on normal C57BL/6 peritoneal exudate cells by using a microcapillary tube assay. Peak MIF activity was found in a Sephadex G-100 fraction containing molecules the size of albumin and slightly smaller, molecular weight 67,000 to 48,000. Murine MIF was stable to heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min but lost its activity at 80 degrees C for 30 min. Incubation of G-100 fractions containing MIF with water insoluble chymotrypsin destroyed the activity of MIF, indicating its protein nature. CsCl density gradient centrifugation revealed that murine MIF had a buoyand density greater than protein, consistent with its being a glycoprotein. Further, when subjected to disc electrophoresis on polyacylamide gels, murine MIF migrated in a region cathodal to albumin. Thus, mitogen stimulation of murine spleen cells produced MIF in quantities which allowed its partial characterization and purification, and its comparison with human and guinea pig MIF; this makes it feasible to analyze the role of murine MIF in cellular immunity and in its relationship to lymphocyte mediators which regulate humoral immune responses. PMID- 1107424 TI - Age-dependent changes in sensitivity to antigen: its relationship with the antigen processing system. AB - The relationship between the antigen processing or accessory cell system and the maturation, with age, of antibody-producing capability was investigated in the mouse. This was done by analyzing the antibody responses given by immunocompetent cells from neonatal and from adult male mice in an identical antigen-processing system environment. Specifically, 4 x 10(7) normal spleen cells from either 12 day-old or adult mice were challenged with varying numbers of SRC in adult irradiated syngeneic recipients. The subsequent IgM and IgG2a PFC responses for both age groups were analyzed in terms of antigen dose-antibody response curves. Analyses of these curves indicate: 1) the dose of antigen required to elicit the optimal antibody response is essentially identical for both age groups and (2) the bandwidths obtained using neonatal donors are significantly narrower than those obtained with adult donors. Whereas, intact neonatal and adult mice exhibit differences in antigen optimal doses, these differences are eliminated when the immunocompetent cells are stimulated in the presence of identical antigen processing systems. It is concluded that maturation of the antigen-processing system results in an increased sensitivity to antigen. Examination of the bandwidths of the dose-response curves revealed that immunocompetent cells from the young mice, either in situ or in adult irradiated recipients exhibited narrower bandwidths than did their adult counter parts. Thus, the increase in bandwidth observed with age is attributed to changes in the population of immunocompetent cells--perhaps a reflection of increased diversity, and is not due to the antigen-processing system. Quantitation of the antigen-processing function using accessory cell-depleted and partially restored mice indicated that when IgG responses were compared a higher frequency of accessory cells was demonstrated in adultspleens as opposed to neonatal spleens. PMID- 1107425 TI - Antibody responses of mice to alkaline detoxifield lipopolysaccharide. AB - The antibody responses of outbred normal mice and nude mice injected with alkaline detoxified lipopolysaccharide (Alk-LPS) were measured. In some cases the antibody against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and native protoplasmic polysaccharide (NPP). The kinetics of the primary responses to Alk-LPS and NPP were similar, whereas LPS stimulated a more rapid appearance of antibodies in the primary responses. Alk-LPS stimulated only primary antibody responses in both types of mice and sensitized nude mice for secondary responses which could be triggered with LPS. However, secondary antibody responses could not be triggered in normal mice primed with Alk-LPS. These data suggested that, on a functional basis, Alk LPS possessed the specific antigenic signal associated with LPS antigens but lack the second nonspecific mitogenic signal dependent on the lipid A portion of LPS. PMID- 1107426 TI - The effect of heat-killed streptococci on the survival of heart grafts in inbred strains of mice. AB - Studies with inbred strains of mice revealed that exposure to type 12, Group A, beta-hemolytic streptococci affects the host response to heart grafts implanted in the ear. Intraperitoneal injection of streptococci 10 days before grafting led to curtailed survival of syngrafts without altering the normal rejection time of allografts. Similar sensitization, combined with local injection of streptococci into the graft site at the time of grafting, was followed by rapid rejection of both syngrafts and allografts. The time interval between exposure and grafting was critical. Injection with streptococci 5 days before grafting led to a prolonged survival of allografts and no demonstrable effect on syngrafts. In contrast, injection of streptococci 15 days before grafting did not alter survival of either type of graft. The data indicate heart grafts implanted in the ear may serve as a useful model for the study of the host responses to streptococcal antigens. PMID- 1107427 TI - Acute and chronic infection of human lymphoblastoid cell lines with measles virus. AB - Several human continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) having T or B characteristics were infected with low and high passage strains of measles virus. All of the cell lines were susceptible to one or the other or to both strains of measles virus with the production of typical syncytial giant cells and released cell-free infectious virus into the supernatant medium. There was no consistent pattern of susceptibility of LCL with either T or B characteristics to infection by measles virus. Viral induced cytolysis of the lymphoblastoid cells in many of the lines was marked, but in the LCL that could be maintained over longer periods of time, a state of chronic, less cytolytic and persistent infection could be established. The infection was characterized by the production of moderate amounts of cell-free infectious virus for up to 4 1/2 months after initial infection with little change in the number of viable cells in culture. Long-term low multiplicity of infection (MOI) experiments demonstrated that the cell-free infectious virus was being produced only by a small number of cells, but the majority of cells in culture contained measles antigen that was in a cell restricted, noninfectious, or defective form. Electron microscopic examination of the chronically infected cells demonstrated that many of them contained aggregates of hollow tubular intranuclear nucleocapsids whose "stripped" appearance was in marked contrast to the larger granular intracytoplasmic nucleocapsids found during earlier stages of infection. It is theorized that the persistent infection of LCL may serve as a model in understanding the immune mechanisms which permit latent and chronic measles infection in man. PMID- 1107428 TI - A microplate culture method for assay of guinea pig mitogenic factor. AB - An improved method for assay of guinea pig mitogenic factor (MF) is described. The technique is based on the use of thymocytes in microplate cultures and yields significant savings in time, labour and materials. The quantitative potential of the assay is examined using antigen- and concanavalin A-indiced MF, and its application to assessing in vitro immune responsiveness of individual guinea pigs is explored. PMID- 1107429 TI - Antibodies ot double-stranded RNA: specificity and serum nucleases. AB - An antiserum was prepared in rabbits to the synthetic double-stranded ribonucleic acid (ds RNA) poly rI:rC. Using a liquid-phase radioimmunoassay, the antiserum cross-reacted with a natural ds RNA isolated from the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm, binding 95% of the RNA at a 1 : 20 serum dilution. Preliminary tests of the specificity of the antiserum showed that it did not bind single-stranded RNA (ss RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), but also revealed that the serum contained an enzyme activity which degraded ss RNA into acid insoluble fragments. It was therefore possible that the failure to bind ss RNA resulted from the degradation of the antigen rather than from an absence of cross reacting antibodies. However, when the serum ribonuclease activity was inhibited by macaloid, the antiserum still did not bind the ss RNA antigen. This demonstrated that the antibodies to ds RNA did not cross-react with ss RNA. The existence of serum enzymes capable of degrading nucleic acid antigens emphasizes the need for caution in assessing the specificity of such antisera. PMID- 1107430 TI - Dilatometry, a neglected method in immunological studies. AB - Dilatometry has become a useful method for the study of proteins owing to its simplicity and accuracy. However, it has seldom been used in the study of immunoglobulins. Therefore possible applications of the method for that study are being discussed. A description is also given of the most common experimental set up and procedure for dilatometric experiments. Finally, several papers describing the application of dilatometry to the study of immunoglobulins are reviewed. PMID- 1107431 TI - Reproducibility of the immunofluorescent test for antimelanoma antibodies. AB - The reproducibility of the indirect immunofluorescent test for antibodies to human malignant melanoma cytoplasmic antigens was investigated by testing panels of melanoma and normal sera against cells of each of several different melanomas. Tests were performed in replicate, read blindly by two observers, and repeated on different days. Different observers agreed in the interpretation of replicate assays in approximately 80 to 90% of cases. Variability increased considerably when assays were repeated on different days or when different in as few as 21% of tests. Thus, the results of the indirect immunofluorescent test for melanoma cytoplasmic antibodies must, at the present time, be interpreted with great caution. PMID- 1107432 TI - Dermatologic origins and developments down to the early twentieth century. PMID- 1107433 TI - Experimental cutaneous candidiasis in rodents. AB - Epicutaneous application of viable Candida albicans or Candida stellatoidea under an occlusive dressing resulted in subcorneal microabscesses in newborn rats and mice. Neither heat-killed C. albicans nor occlusion alone resulted in epidermal micropustules. These results were dependent upon the number of organisms applied and the duration of application. Four additional species of Candida tested did not produce epidermal micropustules. The microscopic pathology of the abscesses revealed penetration of the epidermis by Candida pseudohyphae; the tips of the hyphal processes were seen within the pustules when sections were stained by the periodic acid-Schiff method. The resident flora of the newborn mouse or rat was not substantially altered by occlusion with or without C. albicans during the interval tested. The animal model of cutaneous candidiasis with permit greater manipulation and control in investigations of cutaneous candidiasis and the factors influencing neutrophil accumulation in the epidermis. PMID- 1107434 TI - Epidermal cytoplasmic antibodies: incidence and type in normal persons and patients with melanoma. AB - Antibodies to epidermal cytoplasmic antigens were present in 25 to 34% of 32 normal persons and in 34 to 50% of 53 patients with melanoma. There were at least two different types of cytoplasmic antibodies. The most common reacted to cytoplasmic antigens present only in the upper layers of the epidermis. This type of antibody occurred with equal frequency in patients with melanoma and in normal persons. The increased incidence of cytoplasmic antibodies in melanoma was due to antibodies to cytoplasmic antigens present throughout the epidermis. These antibodies were 2 1/2 times more common in patients with melanoma than in normal persons. The presence of different cytoplasmic antigens in distinct strata of the epidermis suggests they result from epidermal cell differentiation. The epidermal cytoplasmic antigens present throughout the epidermis appear to partially cross react with cytoplasmic antigens in melanoma cells. PMID- 1107435 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in patients with abnormal renal function. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin were determined in patients with abnormal renal function. In individuals with rates of creatinine clearance of greater than 60 ml per min, the half-life (+/- standard deviation) of ticarcillin was 71 +/- 6 min after intravenous administration. In patients with rates of creatinine clearance of 30-60 ml per min, 10-30 ml per min, and less than 10 ml per min, ticarcillin had a half-life of 3.0 +/- 0.6 hr, 8.5 +/- 2.1 hr, and 14.8 +/- 3.7 hr, respectively. Urinary concentrations of ticarcillin after intravenous administration were adequate at all levels of renal function. Ticarcillin was removed by hemodialysis with a reduction in half-life to 3.4 +/- 0.8 hr, but peritoneal dialysis was minimally effective in removing the drug. A program for the use of ticarcillin patients with renal insufficiency was outlined. PMID- 1107436 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to fungal antigens in mice. I. Use of the intradermal skin and footpad swelling tests as assays of active and passive sensitization. AB - Mice were sensitized to Coccidioides immitis and Candida albicans antigens and tested for sensitivity by the intradermal and footpad swelling methods. In mice actively sensitized with killed antigen, antigen-specific intradermal and footpad induration responses occurred 24 and 48 hr after sensitization. Antigen-specific intradermal and footpad responses were transferred to normal mice with spleen cells from immune animals. Such responses were also transferred with normal spleen cells that had been incubated in vitro with immune RNA preparations. Histologic studies of intradermal reactions showed a mixed response of neutrophilic and mononuclear leukocytes, with slight vascular involvement compatible with delayed hypersensitivity. No intradermal or footpad responses were observed 4, 24, or 48 hr after injection in recipients of serum from actively sensitized mice. Histologic examination of skin sites in these mice revealed only a polymorphonuclear response. It is concluded that these intradermal and footpad responses are the result of delayed hypersensitivity and can be used as assays for this type of immunity in mice. PMID- 1107437 TI - Genetics of resistance to infection with Salmonella typhimurium in mice. AB - Eight strains of inbred mice fell into two sharply defined groups. Four strains (CBA, A/JAX, C3H/He, and DBA/2) were resistant (LD50, greater than 10(5)) to Salmonella typhimurium C5 given subcutaneously. The other four strains (Balb/c, C57BL, B10.D2 [new line], and DBA/1) were susceptible (LD50, less than 10). No intermediate resistance was seen. Examination of the F1, F2, and parental backcross generations bred from matings of CBA and Balb/c mice showed that resistance behaved as a simple Mendelian dominant. Resistance was not linked to H 2 genes, and no useful marker has yet been found. However, as previously demonstrated in the parent strains, resistance in the hybrids was related to the ability to produce a good delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to an extract of S. typhimurium. PMID- 1107438 TI - Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: lack of correlation of serotype with pathogenicity. AB - Forty-eight strains of Escherichia coli isolated from children with diarrhea were classified according to nine enteropathogenic serotypes. The strains were examined for production of enterotoxin and for invasiveness by study of bacteria or bacteria-free filtrates in conventional animal and tissue culture models. Filtrates of only three strains (6%) consistently dilated rabbit ileal loops, while all 48 strains yielded negative results in suckling mice, adrenal cells, and guinea pig eyes. When filtrates of the three strains that dilated the rabbit ileum were heated at 60 C for 30 min, the reaction in rabbit ileal loops was negative; this finding indicated the production of a heat-labile enterotoxin. This study shows the lack of correlation between classical enteropathogenic serotypes of E. coli and presently known virulence properties in animal models. The results raise doubts about the value of serotyping E. coli isolates from sporadic cases of diarrhea. When it is suspected that an E. coli isolate is enteropathogenic, it may be important to perform more than one laboratory assay. PMID- 1107439 TI - [Directory of the Japanese Biochemical Society, 1976-7]. PMID- 1107440 TI - [History Biochemistry Society in the last 50 years. II]. PMID- 1107441 TI - [Mechanisms regulating the fatty acid pattern of membrane phospholipids (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107442 TI - [Adrenergic control of blood sugar level--in vivo studies on the mechanism of metabolic regulations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107443 TI - [Prenyltransferase (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107444 TI - [Mechanical studies on the dental bridges (X). Studies on the apportionment load influenced on the flexural rigidity of the pontics and on the supporting, loading methods (problems on the abutment loads of the symmetrical deflection of the pontics) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107445 TI - [Dental alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal. The influences of the hardness on the heat treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107446 TI - [A study on the radiographic observation of high fusing dental alloy castings by Bio-X (MRO-10-R) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107447 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of factor VIII-related antigen, fibrinogen, and several other plasma proteins in hemostatic plugs in humans. AB - Factor VIII-related antigen and its low ionic strength subunits were demonstrated in endothelium and hemostatic plugs obtained from punch biopsies of bleeding time wounds according to Mielke. No IgG, IgA, IgM, C4-C3, albumin, or prothrombin was demonstrated in the cryostat sections of hemostatic plugs. Antifibrinogen stained the hemostatic plug and fibrin fibers along the edges of the skin wound. Antiplatelet actomyosin stained the hemostatic plug and the endothelium and pericytes of blood vessels. These results suggest that factor VIII is present in the hemostatic plug not by trapping of plasma but by close association with or presence within the blood platelets. The positive staining of a hemostatic plug in which most platelets have undergone the release reaction indicates that antifactor VIII may be useful for the detection of platelet thrombi in tissue of patients with suspected diffuse intravascular coagulation. PMID- 1107448 TI - Genetic typing of alpha1-antitrypsin by immunofixation electrophoresis, identification of subtypes of Pi M. AB - Prolonged electrophoresis in alkaline agarose gels, followed by immunofixation, is a valuable addition to acid starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing for the genetic phenotyping of alpha1-antitrypsin. This technique is helpful in clarifying certain variants and in ascertaining types in serum and amniotic fluid samples with secondary changes. In addition, heterogeneity may be detected within the variants found at pH 4.95, analogous to hemoglobin polymorphism. Two "new" variants, PiMLamb and PiMBaldwin, have been detected by a combination of immunofixation electrophoresis and acid starch gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1107449 TI - Biological properties of a granuloma glycoprotein that inhibits macrophage phagocytosis. AB - The biological activity of a purified glycoprotein inhibitor isolated from mature (42-day) polyvinyl sponge granulomas on macrophage phagocytosis was examined under a variety of in vitro conditions. Its activity was compared with partially purified inhibitor isolated from young (14-day) sponge granulomas. Experiments were conducted to define the mechanism of action of the inhibitor protein, and to differentiate it from other substances known to affect macrophage function. Inhibitor activity was demonstrated in neutral salt-soluble extracts from open wound granulation tissue, guinea pig and NZB/NZW mouse spleen, and acute-phase guinea pig serum. Fresh guinea pig serum and extracts of normal guinea pig tissues did not contain inhibitor material. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated that the inhibitor was localized in or on a subpopulation of mononuclear cells within the sponge granuloma. PMID- 1107450 TI - Host resistance to Serratia marcescens infection: serum bactericidal activity and phagocytosis by normal blood leukocytes. AB - Serratia marcescens strains isolated from clinical specimens can be divided into those which are sensitive or resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. Serum bactericidal activity is heat labile, cation dependent, and is absorbable by whole, serum-sensitive Serratia or ethanol-insoluble extracts of these organisms. Bacteremic Serratia infection is invariably caused by the serum resistant strains. Serum resistant Serratia are ingested and killed by normal human leukocytes and fresh normal serum. Heating or preabsorption of serum with whole, heat-killed, or ethanol-insoluble antigen extracts of the serum-resistant Serratia diminishes opsonization and phagocytosis. Serratia opsonins in the serum of healthy individuals are type-specific IgM globulins which combine with the organism and activate complement by the alternate pathway. PMID- 1107451 TI - Salt-induced hypertension in rats with hereditary hydronephrosis: the effect of renomedullary transplantation. AB - The antihypertensive action of renomedullary autotransplantation was investigated in rats with unilateral hereditary hydronephrosis showing extensive destruction of the medulla of the affected kidney. All rats were divided into three groups and unilaterally nephrectomized. The first group consisted of rats with a normal kidney remaining. The second and third groups had the hydronephrotic kidney remaining and received renomedullary and renocortical autotransplants, respectively. After completion of baseline studies, all rats were given 1 per cent saline solution instead of drinking water, and relevant parameters were re examined 14 days later. Significant increase in blood pressure (greater than 150 mm. Hg), extracellular fluid volume, and plasma volume were found in group 3 while no changes were detected in groups 1 and 2. After administration of aspirin (and presumed blockade of prostaglandin synthesis) significant increases in plasma and extracellular fluid volumes were detected in groups 1 and 2, but no change in blood pressure was found. The results show that renomedullary transplantation protects against salt-induced hypertension and further indicate that the renomedullary prostaglandins are not a likely mediator of the antihypertensive action of the renal medulla. PMID- 1107452 TI - Autoantigens in human sweat: purification and characterization of the D-group antigens. AB - We have found several heteropolysaccharides in human thermal sweat which are both autoantigenic and isoantigenic for a majority of healthy adults. They are present in trace amounts and are difficult to isolate. We have facilitated extraction through the use of a DEAE-Sephadex batch technique. One of the major antigenic fractions, the D group, has been purified and characterized. It contains 88.5 per cent carbohydrate as uronic acid, hexosamine, methyl pentose, and glucose. The protein content was 12.5 per cent. PMID- 1107453 TI - Direct quantitation of cholestanol in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method for quantitation of cholestanol in plasma was developed using SP-1000 without the need for argentation thin-layer chromatography and silylation. Cholestanol was resolved well before cholesterol and the phytosterols. This method was sensitive, specific for cholestanol, and reproducible. PMID- 1107454 TI - Synopsis of MAG suit against Medicaid. PMID- 1107455 TI - In the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, Atlanta Division. PMID- 1107456 TI - Post-mortem removal of donated eyes for the non-ophthalmic physician. PMID- 1107457 TI - Dramatic response of surface contact dermatitis to new parenteral corticosteroid betamethasone sodium phosphate. PMID- 1107458 TI - Case report and review of current treatment methods. Tuberculous spondylitis. PMID- 1107459 TI - Evaluation of in vitro drug sensitivity of human Plasmodium falciparum by incorporation of radioactive isoleucine. PMID- 1107460 TI - Editorial: Bradycardia-dependent conduction disorders. PMID- 1107461 TI - Systems analysis of computerized EKG processing center. AB - A functional description of a computerized system for analysis of electrocardiograms (EKGs) is presented. Although it is recognized that the diagnostic accuracy of the program is the critical parameter in determining system acceptance, other system features such as quality control, turn around time and cost are shown to be of high importance. A digital simulation of alternative configurations for on-line data acquisition is presented. The simulation predicts the system throughout and wait times in different phases of a telephone EKG transmission for combinations of interfaces, telephone lines and acquisition procedures. These results should be helpful in selecting the appropriate configuration for each special situation. PMID- 1107462 TI - Endocrine changes in male sexual deviants after treatment with anti-androgens, oestrogens or tranquillizers. AB - The endocrine effects of drugs on two groups of 12 male sexual offenders in a special hospital were studied. In the first study benperidol, chlorpromazine and placebo were compared and in the second ethynyl oestradiol and cyproterone acetate were compared with no treatment. In the first study there was no difference between the three drugs in their effects on plasma testosterone or luteinizing hormone (LH). In the second study cyproterone acetate produced a reduction in plasma testosterone, LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Ethynyl oestradiol produced a rise in plasma testosterone and LH, and no change in FSH. Neither drug changed total plasma oestrogen levels. The unexpected effects of ethynyl oestradiol were attributed to an increase in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) leading to a rise in bound, inactive testosterone. Direct measurement showed a two- to threefold increase in SHBG with ethynyl oestradiol treatment and no change in SHBG with cyproterone acetate treatment. In spite of these contrasting endocrine effects, ethynyl oestradiol, cyproterone acetate and benperidol produced similar behavioural changes. PMID- 1107463 TI - Proceedings: Hypothalamic-pituitary relationships in the polycystic ovary syndrome: effect of sex steroids on luteinizing hormone releasing hormone responses. PMID- 1107464 TI - Proceedings: Effect of sex steroid hormones on the release of luteinizing hormone releasing factor into rat pituitary stalk blood by electrical stimulation of the medial preoptic area. PMID- 1107465 TI - Proceedings: Biological activities of some analogues of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. PMID- 1107466 TI - Effects of progesterone and synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on the release of luteinizing hormone during sexual maturation in the hen (Gallus domesticus). AB - Single intramuscular injections of 0-5 mg progesterone/kg resulted in increased LH secretion in laying hens but not in pullets with completely undeveloped sexual organs. Injections of the steroid were first able to stimulate LH release 8-10 weeks before the onset of lay when the comb, ovary and oviduct had started to grow and basal plasma LH concentrations were beginning to rise. At this time, injecitons of 10 mug synthetic LH-RH/kg resulted in an incremental change in plasma LH levels of around 26 ng/ml. A similar incremental change was observed after giving the same dose of LH-RH to pullets with no signs of sexual development. Three to four weeks before the first eggs were laid, basal plasma LH levles started to fall, the pituitary became progressively more insensitive to synthetic LH-RH and injections of 0-5 mg progesterone/kg resulted in a reduced LH response. Ten mug LH-RH/kg caused incremental changes in blood levels of LH of less than 5 ng/ml. The final stage of sexual maturation occurred during the week before the onset of lay and was characterized by a rapid growth of large yolky ovarian follicles and a further fall in the sensitivity of the pituitary to synthetic LH-RH. However, injections of 0-5 mg progesterone/kg resulted in a prolonged release of LH. These observations are discussed in relation to the maturatio of the positive feedback mechanism by which progesterone stimulates the secretion of LH. PMID- 1107468 TI - The dermatopathologist. PMID- 1107467 TI - Potentiation by urethane and inhibition by pentobarbitone of oxytocin release in vitro. AB - Isolated rat neural lobes were incubated in vitro in Locke's solution containing anaesthetic quantities of urethane, pentobarbitone or tribromoethanol. The oxytocin content of the incubation medium was estimated before, during and after stimulation of the tissue by raising the potassium chloride concentration from 5 6 to 56 mmol/l. Urethane (25 mmol/l) significantly potentiated oxytocin release (P less than 0-01) whereas tribromoethanol (0-5 mmol/l) had no obvious effect and pentobarbitone (0-4 mmol/l) significantly (P less than 0-01) inhibited its release. Reduction of the sodium chloride concentration in the medium potentiated the release of oxytocin in each case but did not alter its pattern. Urethane which increased secretion of oxytocin also increased calcium ion uptake by the neural lobes and pentobarbitone which decreased oxytocin release decreased calcium ion uptake. The results may explain why the blood concentration of the neurohypophysial hormones tends to be higher in rats anaesthetized with urethane than with tribromoethanol. Inhibition of hormone release by pentobarbitone suggests that this anaesthetic is unsuitable for use in studies of neurohypophysial hormone release. A partial explanation of the anaesthetic properties of urethane and pentobarbitone may also have been found if the release of neurotransmitter substances is influenced in a similar manner. PMID- 1107469 TI - Fluorescent antibody patterns in bullous dermatoses and lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1107470 TI - The responsiveness of old rat pituitaries to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in vitro. PMID- 1107471 TI - Genetical and biochemical aspects of resistance to p-fluorophenylalanine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Growth of haploid yeast strains was inhibited by the phenylalanine (PA) analogue DL-p-fluorophenylalanine (FPA) in yeast extract media containing 0-2 mg PA/ml. Most strains had a maximum FPA tolerance of about 0-25 mg/ml when glycerol was the carbon source and 0-5 mg/ml in in glucose medium. Spontaneous FPA-resistant mutants isolated on glucose medium showed little or no increase in FPA tolerance over that of the parent when metabolizing glycerol. Resistance was controlled by a different nuclear gene in each of four mutants analysed. In a proportion of the mutants the amount of FPA incorporated into cellular proteins in competition with PA was less than into the proteins of sensitive parental cells, whether glucose or glycerol was used as carbon source. This suggests that the mutational change allowed the cytoplasmic system to descriminate against the analogue without affecting its incorporation into mitochondrially-synthesized proteins. Although attempts to measure the latter were not made, the observed decrease in respiratory activity of cells grown in the presence of FPA suggests such incorporation. In other mutants showing resistance to FPA in glucose medium, the amount of FPA incorporated into cellular proteins varied with the carbon source, less analogue being incorporated in glucose medium than in glycerol medium. PMID- 1107472 TI - The inhibitory action of fatty acids on the growth of Escherichia coli. AB - The effect of fatty acids on Escherichia coli K12 was dependent on the source of the inoculum, the growth phase and the washing of the bacteria. The effects of saturated fatty acids from C4 to C16 and oleic acid at two concentrations (0-I and 0-4%, w/v) were determined on E. coli K12/154 growing exponentially in five different culture media. Depending on the media, 0-I % fatty acids increased the doubling times of the cultures by up to 96 %. Fatty acids of medium chain length (C6 to CII) at 0-4 % produced a decrease in cell concentration, nonanoic and decanoic acids being the most effective. A correlation was found between the decrease in cell concentration and the loss of viability of the culutres after addition of 0-4 % decanoic acid, with stationary-phase bacteria being affected more than those from exponential-phase cultures. Experiments carried out with E. coli B and C gave results similar to those obtained with E. coli K12/154. PMID- 1107473 TI - Hybridization and selection for increased penicillin titre in wild-type isolates of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Repeated hybridization and selection among wild-type isolates produced strains of Aspergillus nidulans with increased penicillin titre. Four independent selection lines were established, each originating from a sexual cross between two different heterokaryon-incompatible wild-type isolates. In each generation, two selected high-titre sister strains were crossed to produce the next generation. An initial increase in titre was obtained in each line, but after four or five generations of selection the genetic variation was considerably reduced and the rate of response to selection had decreased. From a base population of wild-type isolates with a mean titre of 8-6 units/ml the progeny mean titre was raised to between 16 and 20 units/ml in each line. The gradual nature of the response suggests that a number of genes determine penicillin titre in the wild-type isolates used. The gene action throughout the selection programme was predominantly additive. PMID- 1107474 TI - Hybridization and selection for increased penicillin titre in wile-type isolates of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Repeated hybridization and selection among wild-type isolates produced strains of Aspergillus nidulans with increased penicillin titre. Four independent selection lines were established, each originating from a sexual cross between two different heterokaryon-incompatible wild-type isolates. In each generation, two selected high-titre sister strains were crossed to produce the next generation. An initial increase in titre was obtained in each line, but after four or five generations of selection the genetic variation was considerably reduced and the rate of response to selection had decreased. From a base population of wild-type isolates with a mean titre of 8-6 units/ml the progeny mean titre was raised to between 16 and 20 units/ml in each line. The gradual nature of the response suggests that a number of genes determine penicillin titre in the wild-type isolates used. The gene action throughout the selection programme was predominantly additive. PMID- 1107475 TI - The inheritance of penicillin titre in crosses between lines of Aspergillus nidulans selected for increased productivity. AB - Selection for increased penicillin production among the progeny of pairwise crosses between wild-type isolates of Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the production of high-titre strains. Three crosses were made between strains with increased titre derived from independent selection lines. Significant genetic variation was found among the progeny of each cross, indicating that different genes for increased titre had been selected in each line. Gene action was additive in each cross. Renewed selection from the progeny of one 'between-line' cross resulted in further increases in titre, over three successive generations. PMID- 1107476 TI - A timing control of cell division in Escherichia coli. AB - The effect of heat treatment at 42degreeC on a thermosensitive division-defective strain of Escherichia coli K12, MAC1, has been studied under conditions which support a generation time of about 50 min. Synchronous cells gained simultaneously the ability to divide at 42degreeC and to divide in the presence of nalidixic acid or chloramphenicol, 20 min before physical separation of daughter cells. When synchronous cells of different ages (between 0 to 20 min after elution from an absorbent membrane) were subjected to a heat shock, division always took place 55 to 60 min after the shock. A similar treatment of an exponential culture resulted in synchronous cell division after a lag of 55 to 60 min during which no division occurred. Division is probably controlled for 40 to 45 min by the gene mutated in MAC1. Thus MAC1 cells of different ages appear to return to the same point of their division cycle when they are heated at 42degreeC. We propose that the gene mutated in MAC1 has a role in the timing control of E. coli cell division. Progress to division appears to require a fixed period in which the function controlled by the gene is performed: this period ends, under physiological conditions, when division does not require further protein or DNA synthesis. PMID- 1107477 TI - Mutagenic DNA repair in Escherichia coli: conditions for error-free filling of daughter strand gaps. AB - Two situations have been observed in which daughter strand gaps in DNA synthesized after exposure of excision-deficient Escherichia coli to ultraviolet light are filled but in which no mutations are formed as judged by loss of photoreversibility: (i) during the first 20 min of growth after u.v. irradiation, and (ii) when repair is allowed to occur in buffer. We suggest as an explanation that the majority of daughter strand gap-filling is error free and that mutations arise through a minor error-prone repair pathway which is inoperative under these conditions. PMID- 1107478 TI - The molecular relatedness of R factors in enterobacteria of human and animal origin. AB - The molecular length and DNA homology of R factors isolated from enterobacteria of human and animal origin have been examined. DNA from plasmids of the same compatibility group, whether of human or animal origin is indistinguishable, after allowance has been made for the regions coding for different antibiotic resistances. These results indicate that there is a common pool of R factors in man and ainmals. PMID- 1107479 TI - Mutations in Escherichia coli that relieve catabolite repression of tryptophanase synthesis. Tryptophanase promoter-like mutations. AB - From a strain lacking adenyl cyclase and the catabolite-sensitive gene activator protein, two mutants were isolated that can synthesize tryptophanase. Each mutation is extremely closely linked to the tryptophanase structural gene. The mutations differ from one another in the rate of synthesis of tryptophanase that they permit in the genetic background in which they were isolated; they differ from one another and also from the wild type in the maximum rate of synthesis of tryptophanase that they permit in a genetic background with intact adenyl cyclase and catabolite-sensitive gene activator protein. Both mutations appear to lie in the tryptophanase promoter. PMID- 1107480 TI - Genetical and physiological studies on a thermosensitive mutant of Escherichia coli defective in cell division. AB - A new temperature-sensitive mutant of E. coli, defective in cell division, was isolated after selection for tolerance to colicin E2. The mutant strain, ASHI24, growing in either minimal or complex medium, commences filament formation immediately upon shift to high temperature. High densities of bacteria or the presence of 0-44 M-sucrose prevents filament formation at 42 degrees C and division continues. Filament formation in the mutant is reversible and upon return to 29 degrees C the multinucleate filaments divide up into normal-sized bacteria by a series of rapid but sequential divisions. In the presence of chloramphenicol at 29 degrees C, 25% of these division sites are still expressed. A genetic locus designated ftsH, apparently controlling both temperature sensitivity and filament formation, was provisionally mapped at minute 80 on the E. coli K12 map. PMID- 1107481 TI - Free mycolic acids as criteria in the classification of Nocardia and the 'rhodochrous' complex. AB - The methyl esters of free mycolic acids from representative strains of Nocardia asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. caviae and the 'rhodochrous' complex were subjected to detailed mass spectral analysis. The anhydromycolic esters of the Nocardia strains consisted of homologous series containing from zero to three double bonds, with the main components of the parent mycolic acids centred on C52 to C54 (range C46 to C58). The anhydromycolates from one rhodochrous strain, Nocardia opaca, had a molecular weight range similar to the nocardiae (C46 to C57) but the remaining rhodochrous strains gave an homologous series of anhydromycolates containing from zero to two double bonds, with the main components of the parent mycolic acids centred on C38, C42, C44 or C46 (total range from C34 to C50). The mycolic acids from the rhodochrous strains with chain lengths centred around C40 form a group intermediate in size between corynomycolic acids (centred around C32) and nocardomycolic acids (centred around C50). These data weaken the case for retaining the 'rhodochrous' complex in the genus Mycobacterium, and also show that many rhodochrous strains can be distinguished from true nocardiae and corynebacteria. These results confirm the value of lipid characters in the classification of these organisms. PMID- 1107482 TI - On the nature and formation of the fibrillar nets produced by protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in liquid media: an electronmicroscopic, X-ray diffraction and chemical study. AB - The nets produced by protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in liquid culture media consisted of microfibrils about 20 nm wide, forming flat, fairly straight bundles of variable width and length, up to about 500 nm wide and 4 mum long. Ends of microfibrils were seldom found. They were not attacked by chitinase or dilute acids, but the net structure disappeared in 3% (w/v) NaOH, leaving about 60% dry wt of the nets as partly microfibrillar clusters. The X-ray powder pattern from the nets, in contrast to that from normal walls, exhibited a set of well-defined rings which identified two micro-crystalline constituents: chitin and unbranched chains of beta-(1 leads to 3)-linked D-glucose residues. These latter were the alkali-soluble fraction. The X-ray diagram of the glucan, corresponding to that of paramylon, indicated an in vivo crystal modification. Up to 15% dry wt was chitin which was found de novo by the protoplasts. A fine net structure of microfibrils about 7-5 to 10 nm thick with meshes about 20 to 60 nm wide was demonstrated in normal walls, forming the entire inner layer and consisting mainly of yeast glucan. This glucan and chitin were only slightly crystalline in these walls. The features of the glucan and chitin of the protoplast nets indicate that enzymes active in normal wall formation were differentially removed or inactivated by the liquid medium. PMID- 1107483 TI - On the nature and formation of the fibrillar nets produced by protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in liquid media: an electronmicroscopic, x-ray diffraction and chemical study. AB - The nets produced by protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in liquid culture media consisted of microfibrils about 20 nm wide, forming flat, fairly straight bundles of variable width and length, up to about 500 nm wide and 4 mum long. Ends of microfibrils were seldom found. They were not attacked by chitinase or dilute acids, but the net structure disappeared in 3% (w/v) NaOH, leaving about 60% dry wt of the nets as partly microfibrillar clusters. The X-ray powder pattern from the nets, in contrast to that from normal walls, exhibited a set of well-defined rings which identified two micro-crystalline constituents: chitin and unbranched chains of beta-(I leads to 3)-linked D-glucose residues. These latter were the alkali-soluble fraction. The X-ray diagram of the glucan, corresponding to that of paramylon, indicated an in vivo crystal modification. Up to 15% dry wt was chitin which was formed de novo by the protoplasts. A fine net structure of microfibrils about 7-5 to 10 nm thick with meshes about 20 to 60 nm wide was demonstrated in normal walls, forming the entire inner layer and consisting mainly of yeast glucan. This glucan and chitin were only slightly crystalline in these walls. The features of the glucan and chitin of the protoplast nets indicate that enzymes active in normal wall formation were differentially removed or inactivated by the liquid medium. PMID- 1107484 TI - The dispersal of an initial concentration of motile bacteria. AB - The dispersal of an initial concentration of identical Brownian particles is accurately described by the solution of the conventional diffusion equation, and a diffusion coefficient can be assigned to the assembly of particles. However, the dispersal of an initial concentration of motile bacteria is not well described by the same solution, in spite of the similarity between the random motion of a bacterium and a Brownian particle. Reasons for the failure of the Gaussian solution of the diffusion equation to describe the dispersal of Escherichia coli are discussed. An equation is formulated which gives the concentration of dispersing organisms as a function of space and time if the speed distribution function of the assembly of organism is known and reproduction is suppressed. For three assumed speed distributions the results are compared with concentrations measured by previous authors. PMID- 1107485 TI - The elimination of urease activity in Streptococcus faecium as evidence for plasmid-coded urease. AB - A strain of Streptococcus faecium from the sheep rumen showed spontaneous loss of urease activity when subcultured at the normal rumen temperature of 38 degrees C, although in mixed cultures in vivo or in vitro loss of urease was not apparent. The rate of loss of urease in pure cultures was increased at incubation temperatures above 38 degrees C, but loss was never complete. However, at temperatures below 38 degrees C loss was greater, and at 22 or 18 degrees C the urease was completely eliminated. Incubation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (0 002%) or ethidium bromide (2-5 X 10(-5)M) caused complete loss of urease activity. The urease activity was also eliminated when the streptococcus was grown aerobically, and this loss of activity was irreversible. It is suggested that the urease activity is controlled by a plasmid gene and that aeration, low growth temperature and chemical agents 'cure' the streptococcus of the plasmid. Attempts to demonstrate the presence of covalently closed circular extrachromosomal DNA by caesium chloride-ethidium bromide equilibrium density gradient centrifugation were unsuccessful. PMID- 1107486 TI - The stability of toxigenicity in Clostridium botulinum types C and D. AB - Several type C and D strains of Clostridium botulinum, which had been converted to the toxgenic state by phages, were serially transferred through cooked meat medium with and without specific anti-phage serum. Most of the converted strains lost their toxigenicity even during transfer without antiserum, and the non toxigenic variants that appeared were resistant to lysis and conversion by the original phage. However, in some combinations of phage and host bacteria toxigenicity was stable after ten transfers, though it showed a transient decrease, and the non-toxigenic variants that arose remained sensitive to lysis and conversion. When converted strains were transferred in medium containing anti phage serum, toxigenicity was lost more rapidly than in the absence of serum and the non-toxigenic variants that appeared remained sensitive to lysis and conversion by the parent phage. Filtrates of the supernatants of culture fluids of strains transferred without anti-phase serum converted non-toxigenic strains to toxigenicity at varying rates. PMID- 1107487 TI - The effect of sublethal doses of rifampin on the sporulation of Clostridium botulinum. AB - Sublethal doses of rifampin (0-005 mug/ml), added to vegetatively growing cultures of a sporogenic mutant of Clostridium botulinum at inoculation time or after 4 h, resulted in a decrease of growth and in blockage of spore formation. But when rifampin was added 6 to 24 h after inoculation, normal growth and sporulation occurred, indicating that the time of addition was critical and that rifampin was most effective on rapidly dividing, exponential-phase cells. Ultrastructural studies showed that when rifampin was added at the time of inoculation, endospore development was blocked at stage III. During subsequent incubation (greater than 10 h) the cells lost their rigidity, and lysis of the mother cell was followed by that of the forespore. When the cultures were treated with rifampin at 4 h, about 40% of the cells were blocked at stage III and about 60% reached stages IV and V. Some showed excessive elongation and contained developing spores at each pole. They appeared to be derived from two daughter cells unable to form a division septum because of a specific inhibitory effect of rifampin on division. It would seem, therefore, that two daughter cells which are genetically coded to form endospores will do so irrespective of the development of a division septum, and the spores are formed at the 'old' polar regions. PMID- 1107488 TI - Determination of brain-specific antigens in short term cultivated rat astroglial cells and in rat synaptosomes. PMID- 1107489 TI - Arthritis in myasthenia gravis. AB - Seven patients with myasthenia gravis developed clinical signs of arthropathy. In two patients, the symptoms were due to a deforming rheumatoid arthritis and the myasthenic symptoms appeared as a transitory phase during the course of the disease. Muscle antibodies of IgG class were demonstrated with sera from both patients. Autoreactivity between muscle antibodies and rheumatoid factor was detected in one patient. Both patients died from sudden cardiac failure. Necropsy was performed in one and revealed a spotty myocardial necrosis. One patient had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Two patients had mild articular symptoms with indices of multivisceral disease and serological findings indicating a systemic lupus erythematous. One patient had classical ankylosing spondylitis, and one, unspecified arthropathy. PMID- 1107490 TI - Marked suppression of thyroid function in rats with gram-negative septicemia. AB - Gram-negative septicemia was induced in rats by two daily injections of fecal mixture into the thigh, after which the thyroid function was markedly suppressed for 2 days. Iodine metabolism was studied by organ radioassay and by imaging with a multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC) at various time intervals after intravenous injection of 125I. Plasma T3, T4, and TSH, measured by radioimmunoassays, were suppressed, as were the T3-resin uptakes. Fractional blood supply to the thyroid glands of the infected rats, studied by the 81Rb uptake method, was also found to be markedly reduced. Sections of the thyroid glands showed little structural change during the period of marked thyroid suppression. There was no biochemical evidence of renal failure in the septicemic rats. PMID- 1107491 TI - Radionuclide determination of cardiac chamber flow/volume characteristics. AB - The flow/volume characteristics of an externally monitored radionuclide dilution curve may contain valuable information about specific cardiac chamber abnormalities. a simplified method of obtaining this flow/volume ratio on a standard scintillation camera is presented. Preliminary clinical application to right-sided cardiac lesions has been undertaken. The implications of flow/volume variation with time are discussed. PMID- 1107492 TI - Initial assessment of a simple functional image of ventilation. AB - Several methods for quantitatively measuring regional ventilation using an inert gas such as Xe133 have been described. One such method provides a functional image of washout. A particularly simple functional image may be derived from the mean transit time for clearance. Regional ventilation may thus be represented as a single image in which the spatial distribution of washout from multiple small regions of the lung is displayed. In 100 patients for whom such a functional image of ventilation was obtained, the functional image was found to be generally more useful and easier to interpret than sequential images taken during the period of washout. Distributions of half-time (t1/2) for washout and the mean transit time (t) in the same population were similar in shape, but the t distribution peaked about 15 sec later than the t1/2 distribution. The mathematical simplicity of the functional image described here should permit its implementation on virtually any nuclear medicine computer system. PMID- 1107493 TI - Bacon Field Chow (1909-1973)--a biographical sketch. PMID- 1107494 TI - Sappington Memorial Lecture: the pros and cons of relicensure and recertification. PMID- 1107495 TI - Congenital anomalies in infants and children, 1875. PMID- 1107496 TI - Intrauterine infection, 1808. PMID- 1107497 TI - Use of direct bonding materials for fixation and stabilization in the correction of facial deformities. AB - Comparatively little time is required for placement of orthodontic brackets with a direct-bonding technique. No anesthesia is required and no discomfort is caused to the patient. Fixation is esthetically acceptable and periodontal health is preserved during fixation. The procedure has been used successfully for immobilization after anterior segmental osteotomies and for maxillomandibular fixation after complete mandibular and maxillary osteotomies. PMID- 1107498 TI - Alloplastic augmentation of middle-third facial deformities. AB - In reconstruction of deformities of the middle third of the face, an advantage in the use of an alloplastic implant rather than tissue transplantation is that only one surgical procedure is needed. A more accurate fit and better esthetic results are obtained with custom-made implants of silicone rubber. Carved implants require less fabrication time and offer adequate results although they are not always shaped as accurately. PMID- 1107499 TI - The adverse effect of anticonvulsant therapy on renal allograft survival. A preliminary report. AB - Administration of anticonvulsant medication to recipients of cadaver renal allografts appears to be associated with decreased allograft survival. The one and two-year actuarial graft survival rates for 20 index grafts was significantly lower than for 92 control grafts. Since phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin increase the metabolism of corticosteroids, it is proposed that renal allograft recipients receiving these anticonvulsants may have ineffective immunosuppression, leading to a higher incidence of graft failure. PMID- 1107500 TI - Commentary: Anticonvulsant therapy and renal allograft survival. PMID- 1107501 TI - Letter: Familial Caffey disease. PMID- 1107502 TI - Ascending cholangitis diagnosed by percutaneous hepatic aspiration. PMID- 1107503 TI - Iron deficiency and behavior. AB - The literature bearing on the behavioral correlates of sideropenia in animals and man is reviewed. There is evidence to support the contention that sideropenia, per se, is causally related to the subjective complaints of the iron-deficient and/or anemic individual. And, although important biochemical pathways involving electron transport, catecholamine catabolism, and porphyrin synthesis have been shown to be deranged in iron-deficient animals and human beings, the role of these alterations in any putative behavioral aberration is conjectural at present. Given the high prevalence of iron deficiency in the world's population, these issues should be addressed by appropriate biochemical and psychologic studies in animals and human beings. PMID- 1107504 TI - Laron dwarfism: growth and immunoreactive insulin following treatment with human growth hormone. AB - A 13 1/2-year-old boy with features of growth hormone deficiency had elevated fasting plasma GH levels (5.7 to 66 ng/ml). Serum somatomedin values remained low despite treatment with human growth hormone. Plasma GH values were suppressed following oral administration of glucose and increased following insulin-induced hypoglycemia, L-dopa, and arginine. Chlorpromazine suppressed GH, both fasting and during IIH. These results suggest that the neuroendocrine mechanisms mediating GH secretion seemed to be intact. Peak plasma insulin levels increased in response to glucose administration after HGH suggesting that GH has a direct effect on the pancreatic beta cell which is not mediated by Sm. Plasma testosterone values increased to adult male levels, but there was inadequate secondary sexual response. Growth was enhanced by HGH and may have been due to testosterone and/or insulin. Although Laron dwarfism may result from a receptor defect, an abnormality in GH structure is also possible. PMID- 1107505 TI - Ovarian hyperthecosis in the adolescent patient. AB - The endocrine findings in two adolescents with hyperthecosis are compared to those in a patient with an androgenic ovarian tumor. In patients with hyperthecosis, luteinizing hormone values were elevated or in the upper normal range, and plasma testosterone and androstenedione values were increased. Following dexamethasone suppression, testosterone and androstenedione values remained elevated, but after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin, they increased further in only one patient. Baseline 17-ketosteroid values were normal, suppressed with dexamethasone, and stimulated to baseline levels following HCG. The patient with a lipoid cell ovarian tumor had low baseline LH levels, and elevated testosterone, androstenedione, and 17-ketosteroid values. Dexamethasone produced little change in urinary or plasma values, but the 17 ketosteroids increased markedly after administration of HCG. The finding of low serum LH values in patients with hirsutism and elevated androgen secretion should alert the clinician to the possibility of a tumor. PMID- 1107506 TI - Effect of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on the release of gonadotropins in hypophysogonadal disorders of children and adolscents. VII. Constitutional delay of puberty in males. AB - Serum gonadotropins (LH and FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/m2 of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in 20 male patients, aged 15 to 18 years, with constitutional delay of puberty. Basal plasma levels of LH and FSH were in the prepubertal range. After administration of LH-RH, the increase in LH was significantly high than in prepubertal control subjects, aged 1 to 13 years; the difference between test patients and pubertal control subjects was not significant. The increase in FSH was in the prepubertal range, significantly lower than that in pubertal control subjects. This discrepancy between LH and FSH responses to LH-RH is similar to that observed in normal boys at the late prepubertal stage and suggests that an elevation of readily releasable pituitary stores of LH correlates with the first step of pubertal onset in males, even if puberty is delayed. PMID- 1107507 TI - Anorectal Manometry as a diagnostic method in the neonatal period. AB - Presented are the results of manometric investigation of 63 neonates. The method was correct in 92% of all cases at first investigation, and if delay was justifiable on clinical grounds, this figure rose to 98%. Most problems in diagnosis using this method were related to abnormal smooth muscle contractility, which is regarded as being the most important single factor to determine. In patients in whom contractility was abnormal, sepsis, hypoxia, and hypothermia were associated with the generally poor clinical condition. The return of normal contractility paralleled the improvement in the patient's general clinical condition. Neither the maturity nor the size of the patient was felt to be a factor influencing the success or failure of manometry as a diagnostic method. PMID- 1107508 TI - Evaluation of cleansing devices in the maintenance of interproximal gingival health. AB - This study consisted of 24 dental students, who 10 days prior to the start of the experimental period, were thoroughly scaled and given instructions in the use of a rubber tip stimulator, unwaxed dental floss, and a modified Bass brushing technique. On day 0, the subjects had reached a high level of interproximal gingival health as measured by intracrevicular exudate flow and loe's Gingival Index. Subjects were then randomly divided into 4 groups which were to brush; brush and floss; brush and rubber tip; and brush, floss and rubber tip. Evaluation was performed on days 0, 9, 15, and 33 using Loe's Gingival Index, Podchadley's Plaque Index, and gingival exudate flow. The results of this study indicate that interproximal gingival health can be maintained in motivated patients with initially healthy gingivae (for at least several weeks) with proper use of the modified Bass brushing technique alone. PMID- 1107509 TI - [Toxicologic control of cosmetics]. PMID- 1107510 TI - [Microbiologic problems posed by cosmetics]. PMID- 1107511 TI - [Atmospheric control in the pharmaceutical industry]. PMID- 1107512 TI - Effects of fear appeals and physiological arousal upon emotion, attitudes, and cigarette smoking. AB - Two experiments are reported that attempted to replicate conceptually Schachter's theory of the determinants of emotion and to test the feasibility of extending the theory to attitudes and behavior that may be mediated by the emotion of fear. A total of 279 cigarette smokers were administered either epinephrine or a placebo and then exposed to situational cues suggestive of disparate emotional states (Experiment 1) or different intensities of the same emotion (Experiment 2). Contrary to preictions based upon Schachter's theory, manipulated physiological arousal was not necessary for emotional labeling and under some conditions elicited fear. The situational cues affected emotion and attitudes. Higher levels of fear appeals strengthened intentions to quit smoking, and reassurance of the efficacy of stopping smoking reduced cigarette consumption. PMID- 1107514 TI - Pharmacokinetics and clinical use of cephalosporin antibiotics. PMID- 1107515 TI - Antimalarial amino alcohols II: anthraceneaminoethanols and anthraceneaminopropanols (1- and 9-substituted). AB - The syntheses of seven anthracene amino alcohols with one, two, or three additional substituents are described. These compounds include three 1 aminoethanols, two 9-aminoethanols, and two 9-aminopropanols, prepared from substituted anthraquinones or from 10-chloro-9-anthraldehydes. The antimalarial activity of these compounds, as well as tentative structure-activity relationships, is discussed in the light of previously published work. PMID- 1107516 TI - Synthesis of 2-pyridyl-alpha-toluenesulfonates as antimalarials. AB - A series of substituted 2-pyridyl-alpha-toluenesulfonates was synthesized for antimalarial testing. They were prepared by treating various 2-pyridinols with alpha-toluenesulfonyl chlorides in the presence of an alkali. In tests against Plasmodium berghei in mice at 640 mg/kg, only 3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyl-alpha toluenesulfonate was considered active, i.e., doubled the mean survival time. PMID- 1107517 TI - Plasma panel displays. PMID- 1107518 TI - Proceedings: Aspects of reproductive physiology of the vole. PMID- 1107519 TI - Proceedings: Comparison of effects of ammonia and CS aerosol upon exercise ventilation and cardiac frequency in healthy men. PMID- 1107513 TI - Critical compilation of terminal half-lives, percent excreted unchanged, and changes of half-life in renal and hepatic dysfunction for studies in humans with references. PMID- 1107521 TI - Proceedings: Dependence of the priming effect of luteinizing hormone releaseing factor (LRF) on RNA and protein synthesis. PMID- 1107520 TI - Calcium and stimulus-secretion coupling in the adrenal medulla: contrasting stimulating effects of the ionophores X-537A and A23187 on catecholamine output. AB - 1. The ionophores X-537A and A23187, which are known to transfer calcuim across cell membranes, stimulated catecholamine release from perfused cat adrenal glands. 2. These stimulant effects persisted in the presence of hexamethonium and atropine and are therefore attributable to direct actions of the ionophores on the adrenal chromaffin cells. 3. Perfusion with calcium-free Locke abolished responses to A23187 and reduced those to X-537A. 4. Responses to X-537A were consistently large and comparable with those produced by 56 mM potassium. By contrast, responses to A23177, over the wide range of concentrations tested, were variable and much smaller. 5. That the two ionophores can stimulate through calcium-dependent mechanisms is considered fresh support for the calcium hypothesis of stimulus-secretion coupling. That they differ in effectiveness may mean that factors besides calcium are important. The greater potency of the less specific ionophore, X-537A, may be attributable to its ability to depolarize as well as carry calcuim, while the relatively small effects of A23187, a generally more effective ionophore for calcuim, may indicate that inward movement of calcium without a background of membrane perturbation such as may be produced by depolarization, is insufficient to elicit strong secretory responses. PMID- 1107522 TI - The influence of secretin on the secretion of pepsin in response to acid stimulants in the anaesthetized cat. AB - Peptic secretion was studied in fasting anaesthetized cats in which the pylorus and common bile duct had been occluded to prevent the release of duodenal hormones which might stimulate or inhibit gastric secretion. Dilute acid was instilled into the stomach at intervals to aid recovery of gastric secretion and to preserve peptic activity. 2. Caerulein, histamine and N-methyl histamine did not increase the output of pepsin when given on their own. Desulphated caerulein was a weak peptic stimulant. 3. Two C.H.R. u./kg per hour secretin initiated pancreatic secretion, the volume of which increased progressively as the dose was increased by stages to 32 C.H.R. u./kg per hour. 4. Four C.H.R. u./kg per hour secretin did not increase the output of pepsin. Peptic secretion was stimulated by 8 C.H.R. u./kg per hour. A maximal output of approximately 2000 u. pepsin/15 min was obtained when 16 C.H.R. u./kg per hour was infused. 5. When each acid stimulant was infused along with 4 C.H.R. u./kg per hour secretin the output of pepsin increased significantly. The peak output, which usually occurred between 15 and 30 min after stimulation, did not exceed 1000 u. pepsin/15 min. 6. The proposed explanation for the potentiation of the peptic response when an acid stimulant is infused along with a dose of secretin, in itself below the threshold of peptic stimulation, is that each acid stimulant increases gastric mucosal blood flow, approximately doubling the effective concentration of secretin delivered to the peptic cell. PMID- 1107523 TI - [Afferent regulation of pyramidal activity]. PMID- 1107524 TI - In memoriam: Ella Thompson. PMID- 1107525 TI - Part II. Transplantation: end-stage kidney disease current concepts in care. PMID- 1107526 TI - A pilot study of the value of propranolol in migraine. PMID- 1107527 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis. PMID- 1107528 TI - Biliary cirrhosis: an appraisal. The Croonian Lecture 1975. PMID- 1107529 TI - Drugs affecting platelet behaviour. PMID- 1107531 TI - Human and experimental factors in protracted isolation studies. PMID- 1107530 TI - Early medicinal use of bromides (Sir Charles Locock). PMID- 1107532 TI - The precision retained full denture. PMID- 1107533 TI - Wei-Hai-Wei. PMID- 1107534 TI - Medical Museum, Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar. PMID- 1107535 TI - Acrosomal enzymes: Immunochemical localization of acrosin and hyaluronidase in ram spermatozoa. AB - Acrosin and hyaluronidase have been localized in the acrosomal region of ram spermatozoa using specific antibodies raised against the highly purified enzymes. Hyaluronidase staining was denser at the periphery of the sperm head; whereas acrosin staining was denser in the equatorial region and appeared to be bound to the inner acrosomal membrane. PMID- 1107536 TI - Functional and structural relationships in the Graafian follicle population of the sheep ovary. AB - The Graafian follicle population in sheep can be divided into two groups on the basis of the capacity that individual follicle have for secreting oestrogen when isolated from the remainder of the ovary (Moor, 1973). The most developed one or two non-atretic follicle from each animal generally produce large amounts of oestrogen in culture and can thus be classified as steroidogenically 'activated'. The other follicles usually produce very little oestrogen in culture and are accordingly classified as 'non-activated'. In this paper the above classification will be used and the two groups of follicles will be considered separately. In the first section of the paper the response of the non-activated follicles to gonadotrophic stimuli will be described and related to growth and atresia within this population. The steroidogenic potential of the activated follicles at different stages of the cycle will be discussed in the second part of the paper. In the third part, an attempt will be made to relate the ultrastructure of the activated follicles to the functional activity of their component tissues, namely the theca interna and membrana granulosa. PMID- 1107538 TI - Andrew Murray Bain. PMID- 1107537 TI - Relationship between the secretion of the corpus luteum and the length of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. AB - The variation in the length of the follicular phase in many mammals may be related to the cellular origin of oestradiol secreted during the luteal phase. In all species the time taken for a small developing follicle (4-5 layers of granulosa cells) to mature to a preovulatory follicle may be the same as that which has been found experimentally in the mouse (10-17 days). In animals such as the sheep, in which there is no source of oestradiol other than the Graafian follicle, follicular development proceeds unimpaired throughout the luteal phase, and the 'follicular phse' which involves only the final stages of maturation of the Graafian follicle is relatively short. In primates, however, in which there is an extrafollicular source of oestrogen from the CL, the secretion of gonadotrophins is suppressed during each luteal phase to a level too low to initiate and maintain follicular development. At the end of each luteal phase and the beginning of the subsequent follicular phase, therefore, it is necessary to initiate the growth of a new crop of small follicles. The time taken for these follicles to develop inot preovulatory follicles determines the length of the follicular phase. PMID- 1107539 TI - Peter Fallon. PMID- 1107540 TI - Control of microflora in stallion semen with a semen extender. AB - Sterile equipment was used to collect ten ejaculates from each of ten normal stallions and quantitative and qualitative bacterial counts were made within 15 min after collection. The mean bacterial population in undiluted semen was found to be 573,000 +/- 374,000 organisms/ml. The bacterial content of semen diluted with two parts sterile physiological saline, or with two parts of a cream-gelatin extender, was measured within 15 min after collection and again after 2 hr at 25 degrees C. The number of bacteria was slightly increased in the saline after 2 hr, but 1 93% and 99% reduction occurred in the extended semen within 15 min and after 2 hr at room temperature. PMID- 1107541 TI - The use of Gn-RH for controlling the oestrous cycle of the mare (preliminary report). AB - Clinical tests with synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (Hoechst) were made during the breeding seasons of 1973 and 1974, using 128 mares injected with 1-0 to 4-0 mg of the substance intramuscularly. The mares were placed in one of five groups based on ovarian condition determined by clinical evidence. Some success was obtained in the induction of ovulation in mares with inactive and sub normally active ovaries and in a small group having cystic ovaries. A large proportion of mares having a mature follicle responded within 48 hr, but others with atretic follicles failed to respond. The usefulness of Gn-RH for this purpose is discussed. PMID- 1107542 TI - Duration of oestrus and time of ovulation in mares treated with synthetic Gn-RH (AY-24,031). AB - Synthetic Gn-RH, administered during oestrus, stimulates the release of pituitary LH in the cyclic mare. Duration of oestrus was significantly reduced by 1 mg Gn RH given on Day 2 of oestrus; the time of ovulation, measured in days from the onset of oestrus, also tended to be reduced. An injection of 2 mg Gn-RH had nor further effect, but daily injections from Day 2 until ovulation significantly shortened the duration of oestrus and the time to ovulation. The profiles of LH were found to be variable from mare to mare, but in all mares, treated and control, elevation of LH was detected close to the time of ovulation. PMID- 1107543 TI - The contribution of the mule to scientific thought. AB - The infertility of the mule has proved a continuing challenge to scientific thought. Since the chromosomal differences between the two parental species are so great as to render normal meiosis impossible, it is postulated that all mules and hinnies are sterile. The problem now is to explain how mules and hinnies can occasionally produce spermatozoa or ova. The appearance of the mule was sufficient to persuade the ancients that both parents, not just the male, must contribute to the make-up of the offspring. The mule has also taught us that, when the number of oocytes in the ovary is reduced, the ovary becomes the time clock that regulates the length of the oestrous cycle. A study of gonadotrophin production in horses and donkeys bearing hybrid foals has yielded fascinating results about the immunology of pregnancy. The behaviour of the sex chromosomes of female mules and hinnies has helped to confirm the Lyon hypothesis about X chromosome inactivation. The mule has also provided spectacular proof of the doctrine of hybrid vigour, and the marked deficiency of males at birth confirms the general truth of Haldane's Law. The mule and the hinny remain man's only successful attempt at the production of a commercially viable interspecific mammalian hybrid. PMID- 1107544 TI - Infection of the horse fetus. AB - Many infections of the equine placenta and fetus result from ascending spread along the cervical canal. Most abortions due to infection occur during the later stages of pregnancy and the possible effects of intrauterine infection on the developing fetus and young foal are discussed. PMID- 1107545 TI - A review of surfactant principles in the fetal physiology of man and animals. AB - A short review is given of the problems concerning surfactant principles in the fetal physiology of man and animals and our present knowledge of the subject. PMID- 1107546 TI - Equine neonatal disease: a review. PMID- 1107547 TI - Veteran's Administration: some current concerns. PMID- 1107548 TI - Difference in antimalarial activity between certain amino alcohol diastereomers. AB - A striking difference in antimalarial activity between the diastereomers of 6 bromo-alpha-[2-(1-methylpiperidyl)]-9-phenanthrenemethanol, alpha-(3-peperidyl) 3,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9-phenanthrenemethanol, and alpha-(3-piperidyl)-2,8 bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanol was observed. A possible explanation involving the N-O distance and active site binding requirements is suggested. PMID- 1107549 TI - Synthesis of 5-substituted uracil derivatives. AB - The synthesis of a series of 5-substituted uracil derivatives is described. 5 Bromoacetyluracil (2a) was converted to the glycolyl (2b), glycyl (2c), N,N dimethylglycyl (2d), 4-imidazolyl (3), and 2-amino-4-thiazolyl (4) derivatives. 5 Formyluracil (5) was used in the preparation of the 2-imidazolyl (6), the 3 acrylic acid (7b), the ester (7a), and the 3-N,N-dimethylacrylamide (8) derivatives. A Mannich reaction converted 5-acetyluracil to the amino ketone 9 which was reduced to give the 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol derivative 10. Compounds 2b,d,3,4,6, and 7b failed to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli B and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 1107550 TI - Correlation analysis of Baker's studies on enzyme inhibition. 2. Chymotrypsin, trypsin, thymidine phosphorylase, uridine phosphorylase, thymidylate synthetase, cytosine nucleoside deaminase, dihydrofolate reductase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The inhibitory activity of 1058 inhibitors of the title enzymes has been formulated in 13 equations correlating chemical structure with inhibitory potency. Two types of regions in enzymes have been defined by means of pi and molar refractivity constants. The use of indicator variables has been extensively developed to suggest special enzyme-ligand interactions. Several examples are given of the use of correlation equations in comparing structural features of different systems. PMID- 1107551 TI - Edward E. Smissman. 1925-1974. PMID- 1107552 TI - Prospects for tumor immunotherapy in man, with emphasis on its use as an adjunct to surgery for primary operable cancer. PMID- 1107553 TI - Enumeration of beta-haemolytic streptococci on normal skin by direct agar contact. AB - Normal skin sites in children from a population in which streptococcal impetigo is endemic were examined for the presence of beta-haemolytic streptococci by a direct agar-contact technique. Ninety-eight of 554 samples (18%) were positive for these organisms. Penicillin prophylaxis reduced the frequency of isolation of streptococci from the normal skin for a period of 3 weeks, perhaps accounting in part for the lower isolation rate in this than in earlier studies. Numbers of streptococcal colony-forming units in positive samples were generally low, both in terms of absolute numbers isolated from the surface area sampled and in comparison with numbers of other aerobic flora recovered. The presence of streptococcal pyoderma at the time of agar contact was not necessarily associated with the presence of or with increased numbers of streptococci on samples obtained from normal skin sites. Low counts were consistently found in early summer and higher counts in some samples in late summer. In a simultaneous comparison of paired samples taken from adjacent sites, the frequency of detection of streptococci by direct agar contact compared favourably with that obtained with a moist-swab method. The increased frequency of detection by the agar-contact method appeared to be related to an increased sensitivity for the detection of low numbers of streptococcal colony-forming units on the normal skin. PMID- 1107554 TI - Transmission of human rotaviruses to gnotobiotic piglets. AB - Faecal filtrates containing rotavirus particles, from children with acute infectious diarrhoea, were inoculated intranasally into gnotobiotic piglets. The piglets developed no symptoms, but birus was readily found by electron microscopy in their faeces during three serial passages. Among 11 piglets tested 3 weeks after inoculation of virus, all had developed fluorescent antibodies against tissue-culture-adapted calf rotavirus but only two had neutralising antibody. Growth of human rotavirus did not occur in either normal or "nude", thymus deficient suckling mice. PMID- 1107555 TI - A new method for comparative light and electron microscopic studies of individual cells, selected in the living state. AB - A method is described which permits comparative light and electronmicroscopic studies of cell cultures, cell spreads or single selected cells which have been kept in the Plastic Film Dish (PFD). The PFD is a versatile large surface tissue culture chamber which, for electron microscopy, is mounted with a transparent FEP Teflon film bottom. Cells are observed, selected and marked on the PFD-bottom with a high power inverted light microscope. The cells are fixed and dehydrated with a semi-automatic device while they are still in situ in the PFD. During the preparation steps for electron microscopy the topographical relationship between individual cells and between cells and cell support is accurately retained. After embedding and polymerization the Teflon film is easily peeled off the polymerized Epon, leaving a replica of the mark around the selected cell. This permits relocation of the selected cells for ultrathin sectioning in a plane plan parallel to the original cell support. To enable orientated sectioning of selected cells in a plane perpendicular to the cell support, cells are tagged with Letraset-letters after original embedding and polymerization. Subsequently the re-embedded polymerized specimens are orientated in the microtome in a position which permits controlled thin sectioning of the tagged cells in the previously selected plane. PMID- 1107556 TI - A comparative study in the transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope of intracellular structures in sheep heart muscle cells. AB - The internal cellular structures of the sheep ventricular myocardium have been comparatively studied in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). For TEM studies the tissue was prepared according to standard methods. Thick sections (10 mum) of paraffin embedded material were, after they had been deparaffinized in toluene, critical point dried, coated with gold and examined in the SEM. The comparative TEM and SEM investigations revealed very good correspondence, and it is evident that the described preparation procedure for SEM has preserved the fine structures of myofibrils, mitochondria, T-Tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum in an excellent life-like pattern. Of special interest was the three-dimensional demonstration of triads and circumferentially arranged T-tubules. PMID- 1107557 TI - Ice crystal growth in skeletal muscle fibres. AB - Ice crystal growth was studied in rapidly frozen skeletal muscle fibres which were treated with cryo-protective additives (glycerol, DMSO, sucrose) or which were untreated. Freeze cleaving and etching was the basic method, with conventional plastic embedding and cryo-ultramicrotomy arred during freezing in all unprotected fibres. Just below the fibre surface the crystals were numerous but small, while deeper in the fibre they were fewer but larger. The deeper within the specimen a fibre was located, the larger, in general, was the crystal size. The crystal volume density was about 55%, irrespective of crystal size. Ice recrystallization was practically absent at the temperature normally used in cryo sectioning (-70 degrees C). Anti-freeze treatment eliminated crystal growth. If the anti-freeze agents were used in non-toxic concentrations, however, their effect on crystal growth was very limited. 'Dry'-cut, freeze-dried ultra-thin cryosections of protected and unprotected fibres confirmed these observations, while sections obtained by 'wet' cryo-cutting showed no apparent signs of crystal growth. In plastic sections of frozen and thawed fibres a previous occurrence of crystals was only slightly indicated. In interpreting the ultrastructure in 'wet' cut cryo-sections of unprotected frozen muscle fibres, the distorting effects of ice crystals through mechanical compression and alterations in sectioning conditions, must be taken into consideration. Crystal growth also strongly limits the possibilities of using 'dry'-cut sections of untreated frozen tissue for analytical electron microscopy; only the most superficial parts of the fibres seem to be suitable for microanalysis. PMID- 1107558 TI - We will remember you - R.B.K. PMID- 1107559 TI - The mechanism of replication of phiX174 DNA. XII. Non-random location of gaps in nascent phiX174 RF II DNA. PMID- 1107560 TI - The mechanism of replication of phiX174 DNA. XIII. Discontinuous synthesis of the complementary strand in an Escherichia coli host with a temperature-sensitive polynucleotide ligase. PMID- 1107561 TI - Analysis of the template activity of bacteriophage T7 messenger RNAs during infection of male and female strains of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1107562 TI - Reversible interaction between coliphage lambda and its receptor protein. PMID- 1107563 TI - Localization of the gene coding for the mitochondrial 16 S ribosomal RNA using rho- mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 1107564 TI - Influence of starvation on the activities and localization of cathepsin D and other lysosomal enzymes in hearts of rabbits and mice. PMID- 1107565 TI - Doublet frequencies in sequenced nucleic acids. AB - A doublet frequency count (set of frequencies of the 16 possible two-base sequences) can be calculated from the experimentally determined overall sequence of a nucleic acid. In this paper, a statistical methodology is developed for comparing such counts with random, with others of the same type or with doublet proportions found in whole DNAs. The methods are applied to two major categories of sequenced RNAs. It is found that vertebrate ribosomal and transfer RNAs show significant differences from the overall vertebrate DNA pattern, especially in the frequency of the doublet CG. Bacterial rRNA and tRNA, on the other hand, show less dissimilarity from total DNA. In the RNA of the small bacteriophage MS2, the doublet frequencies of the translated regions of the genome resemble those in the host E. coli, whereas those in the intercistronic regions differ substantially. All these findings are discussed in relation to the origin, evolution and selection of the nucleic acids concerned. PMID- 1107566 TI - The phylogenetic status of Pasteurella pestis. AB - Yersinia pestis has been characterized in terms of fingerprints of digests (pancreatic and/or T1 ribonuclease) of its 16S and 5S ribosomal RNAs. These show clearly that Y. pestis is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae and suggest that within the Family it is most closely related to Serratia and/or Proteus. PMID- 1107567 TI - Respiratory carcinogenesis: an epidemiologic appraisal. PMID- 1107568 TI - Defective monocyte function in patients with genitourinary carcinoma. AB - An assay allowing quantitation of monocyte function, i.e., chemotaxis, was used to study the activity of monocytes in patients with neoplasms of the urinary tract. Twenty-four subjects with various stages of renal carcinoma exhibited a mean chemotactic defect of 34% (P less than 0.005) as compared to normal controls and patients hospitalized with nonneoplastic diseases. Twelve persons with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder had a 29.8% (P less than 0.01) mean chemotactic defect as compared to the controls. There was no correlation between tumor stage and degree of chemotactic defect;--J Natl Cancer Inst 55: 1047-1054, 1975. PMID- 1107569 TI - Granulopoiesis in "preleukemic" mice with anemia induced by Rauscher leukemia virus, variant a. AB - To understand further the hematopoietic dyscrasias induced by a variant (a) of Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV), we used Escherichia coli endotoxin to stress the hematopoietic system of control and RLV/a-infected BALB/c mice. During the preleukemic stages of virus infection, there was slight splenomegaly without peripheral blood erythroblastosis. Granulocyte release and tissue mobilization mechanisms appeared unaffected by the RLV/a infection. Both RLV/a-infected and control mice reacted to endotoxin with peripheral granulocytosis and peritoneal granulocyte mobilization, though the circulating granulocyte levels in RLV/a treated mice initially were lower than those in controls. Spleen of RLV/a infected animals were larger than those of controls, but both responded to endotoxin with elevated numbers of granulocytes and erythroblasts. Since numbers of bone marrow erythroblasts in both groups of mice were decreased after endotoxin, stem cell competition and/or shunting of stem cells from marrow to spleen may have been involved. Endotoxin also induced rapid falls in hematocrit levels in both groups. These studies suggested that RLV/a-infected mice can be a model to study 1) erythropoietic dysfunction uncomplicated by defective granulopoietic release and tissue mobilization control mechanisms, and 2) progression of evolving granulocytic leukemia. PMID- 1107570 TI - Adriamycin-a review. PMID- 1107571 TI - Leukemia-associated antigens in man. AB - Rabbit antisera raised against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells were used to distinguish ALL from other leukemias, to identify rare leukemia cells in the bone marrow of patients in remission, and to define human leukemia-associated antigens. Antibody binding was studied with the use of immunofluorescence reagents and the analytic capacity of the Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter-1 (FACS-1). The results indicated that most non-T-cell ALL have three leukemia associated antigens on their surface which are absent from normal lymphoid cells: 1) an antigen shared with myelocytes, myeloblastic leukemia cells, and fetal liver (hematopoietic) cells; 2) an antigen shared with a subset of intermediate normoblasts in normal bone marrow and fetal liver; and 3) an antigen found thus far only on non-T-cell ALL and in some acute undifferentiated leukemias, which we therefore regard as a strong candidate for a leukemia-specific antigen. These antigens are absent from a subgroup of ALL patients in which the lymphoblasta express T-cell surface markers. Preliminary studies on the bone marrow samples of patients in remission indicated that rare leukemia cells were present in some samples. The implications of these findings with respect to the heterogeneity and cell origin(s) of ALL, its diagnosis, and its potential monitoring during treatment were discussed. PMID- 1107572 TI - Distribution of latex-ingesting cells, T cells, and B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with malignant melanoma. AB - The distribution among peripheral blood mononuclear cells of latex-ingesting cells, T cells, and B cells was determined with samples from 38 normal donors and 25 patients with malignant melanoma. The mean percentage of latex-ingesting cells, as well as B and T cells, was significantly reduced in the 25 patients with malignant melanoma, stages I and II, compared to the controls. Several explanations for these unexpected findings were considered; possibly the presence of occult neoplasm was responsible for the observed changes in cell distribution. PMID- 1107573 TI - Stimulation of lymphoid cells by components of BCG. AB - BCG was fractionated into a delipidated mycobacterial cell fraction (DMC) and lipid by exhaustive chloroform-methanol extraction. The effects of these fractions were tested on mouse spleen cells, nonadherent spleen cells (lymphocytes), thymus cells, and adherent spleen cells (macrophages) in vitro and were compared with effects of the whole bacilli and a methanol-extraction residue (MER). Tritiated thymidine incorporation into spleen cells, purified spleen lymphocytes, and thymus cells was measured as an indicator of activity on these cells; lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) production was used to measure activation of macrophages. DMC and MER were at least equivalent to, and often exceeded, whole BCG in their stimulation of spleen cells and spleen lymphocytes. DMC was a poor thymic mitogen in contrast to MER, which was as strong as BCG in this regard. Lipid was far less effective a mitogen for all cells tested, and failed to augment the effectiveness of DMC on thymus cells when both were present in the incubation mixture. LAF production was significantly increased by whole BCG (18-fold above controls), whereas each fraction increased production threefold to sixfold. These in vitro results seemed to reflect the known in vivo activity of BCG and its components and suggest further antitumor applications. PMID- 1107574 TI - Eradication of microscopic lymph nodes metastases after injection of living BCG adjacent to the primary tumor. AB - Guinea pigs with established intradermal tumors and microscopic axillary lymph node metastases were treated with a combination of surgery and BCG. The tumors were excised and BCG was given in attempts to eliminate residual malignant disease. Injection of BCG into established intradermal tumors 7 days before local excision successfully eradicated microscopic axillary lymph node metastases and cured significant numbers of animals. Injection of BCG into dermal tumors 20 minutes or 1 day before excision prolonged survival but did not cure a significant number of animals. Injection of BCG into the skin adjacent to the dermal tumor 7 days before local excision eradicated microscopic axillary lymph node metastases. However, such injection 1 day before local excision did not eradicate metastases. BCG administered by intravenous, intra-arterial, or intranodal injection did not eliminate reidual malignant disease. Several factors were evaluated as possible correlates of successful immunotherapy. The development of tuberculin hypersensitivity, the magnitude of regional adenopathy, and the number of BCG organisms in axillary nodes were not useful correlates. Histologically, the presence of tumor cells, multiple focal granuloma, or histiocytosis in axillary nodes faiiled to correlate with results of therapy. The development of tumor-specific transplantation immunity provided the best correlate of successful immunotherapy. PMID- 1107575 TI - Suppression of an AKR lymphoma by antibody and chlorambucil. AB - A cell-surface localizing xenogeneic antibody against an AKR mouse lymphoma of spontaneous origin could be bound to chlorambucil without interference with either the alkylating activity of chlorambucil or the immunologic reactivity of the antibody. Exposure of the lymphoma cells to chlorambucil-bound antibody caused greater tumor inhibition both in vitro and vivo than did the synergistic effect of exposure seperately to the antibody and chlorambucil. PMID- 1107576 TI - Reversal of leukemia virus-induced immunosuppression in vitro by peritoneal macrophages. AB - When spleen cells from mice infected with Rowson-Parr virus (RPV) were cultivated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), antibody plaque responses were markedly lower than those in similarly cultivated spleen cells from normal mice. Addition of as few as 10(3) spleen cells from RPV-infected mice to cultures of normal aplenocytes markedly depressed the expected immune response. Although RPV infected mice showed maximum immunodpression in vivo only during the first week after infection, their spleen cells, obtained later in the course of infection, depressed the immunologic responsiveness of normal splenocytes in vitro. Increased doses of SRBC or addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to cultures of spleen cells from immunodepressed, RPV-infected mice stimulated antibody formation, and near-normal numbers of antibody-producing cells were evident. Peritoneal exudate (PE) cells, but not thymus, bone marrow, or unfractioned spleen cells, restored immunocompetence to cultures of spleen cells from RPV infected mice but did not affect the suppressive properties of the infected cells on normal splenocytes. The function of PE cell macrophages in restoring immunocompetence to infected spleen cells in cultures seemed related to a possible antigen-focusing activity of the cells; antibody-producing cell precursors in infected cultures seemed to be preferentially affected by the presence of normal PE cells. PMID- 1107577 TI - Schistosomiasis as a worldwide problem: pathology. AB - Low-grade schistosome infection is often well tolerated, except for the danger of ectopic lesions; the risk of life-threatening pathology increases with rising worm burdens. At present, quantitative stool or urine egg counts do not reliably measure individual infection intensity, especially in adult patients, and more precise methods are needed on which to base therapeutic decisions. Timely schistosomicidal treatment will prevent or improve bilharzial lesions, often dramatically, but can not reverse established liver pipe stem fibrosis. Pathological studies in Ibadan and Cairo have shown that in schistosomiasis haematobia the frequency of obstructive uropathy increases in relation to the egg load in urinary tissues. Obstruction, in turn, predisposes to bacterial superinfection and is a significant cause of renal failure and death in highly endemic populations. Urinary bilharzial lesions are most active in the young and tend to become inactive in older patients. Urinary tissue egg burdens first rise, plateau, and ultimately decrease with age, most sharply after the fifth decade. The relationship between tissue egg burden and 24-hr urinary egg output varies according to stage of activity, while the severity of disease depends on egg burden regardless of stage. Therefore, during the inactive stage, severe pathology can coexist with a minimal urinary egg output. Both clinical and autopsy statistics show a correlation between the frequency and the intensity of bilharzial infection. Most of the severe pathology occurs in population groups with an autopsy frequency above a threshold of 30%. The clinical and epidemiological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 1107578 TI - Clinical evaluation of niridazole and hycanthone in schistosomiasis mansoni endemic areas. AB - One hundred patients with active schistosomiasis mansoni were treated with niridazole (25 mg/kg/day po for 7 days). The most serious side effects were those connected with the neuropsychic area (convulsion, hallucination, etc.). Therapeutic activity, based on repeated stool examinations, was about 90% in adults and 60% in children. Because of the side effects, as well as the long-term schedule of treatment, niridazole is not recommended for use under field conditions. Seven hundred and forty-five patients were treated with hycanthone (2.5 mg/kg im) after clinical examination. The side effects observed were mild and of short duration (24-48 hr). The therapeutic activity was very high (about 95% cure). So far we have treated more than 9,000 infected patients without severe complications, including hepatic failure and death, which have been reported by some authors. A hycanthone-resistant strain has been isolated from two patients unsuccessfully treated twice with hycanthone and once with niridazole. Considering that an important aspect of the control of schistosomiasis is mass treatment, further studies regarding mutagenicity, teratogenicity, resistance, and toxicological effects of hycanthone are still required before this drug can be recommended for wide use. PMID- 1107579 TI - A comparative study on the genetic effects of hycanthone and oxamniquine. AB - Oxamniquine (UK-4271; 6-hydroxymethyl-2-isopropylaminomethyl-7-nitro-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroquinoline) is a new schistosomicidal agent currently undergoing clinical investigation in South America. Essentially a complete cure rate against Brazilian Schistosoma mansoni has been seen in adults with a single im dose of 7.5 mg/kg or a single oral dose of 15 mg/kg. These regimens were tolerated without significant toxicity. To assess its mutagenic potential, oxamniquine was examined in a battery of genetic tests designed to detect mutations at the gene and chromosome levels. For comparative purposes, hycanthone, a schistosomicide with extensively studied mutagenic properties, was evaluated in a similar series of tests. Point mutations were measured in a series of histidineless auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium in direct plate and host-mediated assays. Gross chromosomal aberrations were assessed in human leucocyte cultures and in bone marrow preparations from drug-treated mice. Effects on germ cells were tested in the dominant-lethal assay. Hycanthone showed significant mutagenic activity in the direct bacterial tests and the in vivo and in vitro cytogenetic assays. No response was detected in the host-mediated or dominant-lethal assays. On the other hand, oxamniquine produced no drug-related mutagenic effects in the cytogenetic, host-mediated, or dominant-lethal tests at doses up to 150 mg/kg administered parenterally. Oxamniquine produced a weak response in the frameshift mutant, TA1538, of Salmonella typhimurium in direct plate tests with and without liver microsomal enzymes. However, this response was achieved only by using a concentration of compound which was several orders of magnitude higher than that required to produce a similar response to hycanthone. PMID- 1107581 TI - Mutagenicity testing of antischistosomal thioxanthenones and indazoles on yeast. AB - Two antischistosomal thioxanthenones, lucanthone and hycanthone, and four antischistosomal indazoles, IA-3, IA-4, IA-5, and IA-6, have been tested for mutagenicity on stationary phase cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was shown that, although there are some gaps in the data, hycanthone and IA-6 are mutagenic at pH 7.0, hycanthone is mutagenic at 5.9, and none of the other compounds is mutagenic at either pH. (Because mutagenicity of these compounds at pH 7.0 appears to be related to the presence of a methoxy group at position 5 of the polycyclic ring, it is possible that IA-4 will be mutagenic on yeast when it is tested at pH 7.0.) An excision-repair-deficient strain of yeast is no more sensitive than other strains. It was found from time-concentration studies on lethality that an inverse relation held: cells exposed to a mutagenic compound are more sensitive when time of exposure was varied and concentration of the compound was held constant, and cells exposed to a nonmutagenic compound are more sensitive when concentration is varied and time of exposure held constant. When the compounds were tested on growing cells of yeast in rich media, none of the compounds is mutagenic, although some are lethal. The kinetic behavior in reversion of yeast exposed to these compounds shows marked departures from similar reversion studies where yeast is exposed to radiation, implicating different physiological mechanisms for the alteration of responses of yeast cells exposed to the different mutagens. PMID- 1107580 TI - Genetic activity spectra of some antischistosomal compounds, with particular emphasis on thioxanthenones and benzothiopyranoindazoles. AB - In this review we note that hycanthone (Etrenol) is mutagenic for bacteriophage, bacteria, yeast, Neurospora, Drosophila, and for mammalian tissue culture cells, and we point out other genetic activities of this thioxanthenone and of related compounds. One alarming genetic activity is the ability of hycanthone to cause transformation of tissue culture cells in vitro in a test designed to detect carcinogens, results that parallel the direct demonstration of carcinogenic activity of hycanthone in the mouse in vivo. These and other results are compatible with the somatic mutation theory of cancer induction. Factors likely to affect the quantitative genetic activity of hycanthone and its congeners are summarized. Attempts are made to weave the more critical experimental evidence into a molecular model that accounts for the genetic activities of this series of compounds. We conclude that hycanthone is a directly acting mutagen that intercalates into DNA and preferentially alkylates deoxyguanosine residues via formation of a strongly electrophilic molecular species, the carbonium ion. Finally, we show that genetic activity can be dissociated from schistosomicidal activity by appropriate modifications in the thioxanthenone molecule. Preliminary experiments on a newly synthesized piperazinyl N-oxide derivative demonstrate no detectable mutagenic activity; yet considerable schistosomicidal activity is retained. PMID- 1107582 TI - Burns updated. PMID- 1107583 TI - Editorial: New antimalarial agents. PMID- 1107585 TI - The response to electrons and developing conditions of two photographic films. PMID- 1107584 TI - Comparative efficiency of pyrimethamine-sulphormethoxine in malaria suppression given as single weekly, fortnightly and monthly doses. AB - 2. One hundred and seventy inhabitants of the Ilorin area, Nigeria, were observed over a period of five months during the season of maximum malaria transmission while taking pyrimethamine-sulphormethoxine weekly, fortnightly and every four weeks. 2. There was no episode of malaria parasitaemia in the group receiving weekly doses of 25 mg. pyrimethamine and 0-5 mg. sulphormethoxine throughout the course of the trials. 3. There was one episode of asexual parasitaemia at the second month in the group receiving double fortnightly doses, but none by the third or fourth months. 4. The group receiving 75 mg. pyrimethamine and 1-5 mg. of sulphormethoxine had seven episodes of asexual parasitaemia throughout the course of the trial. 5. In all three groups there was no evidence of clinical acute malaria. 6. There were no appriciable side-effects in all groups within a follow-up period of four months. 7. The present trials confirm the advantage of the drug combination which proved to be more effective when given as weekly or fortnightly doses. PMID- 1107586 TI - [Bilateral cancer of the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - The simultaneous or successive occurrence of bilateral nephro-epithelioma in the adult is a possibility which is much rarer than that of the tumor in the child. The possibility of partial nephrectomy, carried out ex-vivo with renal auto transplant should the occasion arise and that of total nephrectomy with allo transplant brought up with their results. PMID- 1107587 TI - [Study of cellular immunity in the course of nephro-epithelioma. Preliminary study concerning 12 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The cellular immunity of 12 adult subjects suffering from nephro-epithelioma was studied by means of lymphoblastic transformation tests repeated regularly. Perhaps a certain agreement could be observed between the clinical course and the subject's sensitization to the tumor antigens. PMID- 1107588 TI - [Retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 1107589 TI - [4 cases of peno-scrotal avulsions]. PMID- 1107590 TI - [Primary sarcoma of the ureter. Study of literature aprospos of a personal case]. PMID- 1107591 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the sub-pyelic ureter in a child]. PMID- 1107592 TI - [Renal autotransplantation]. PMID- 1107593 TI - [Personal therapeutic indications in ureteral trauma]. PMID- 1107594 TI - [Retro-caval ureter on a solitary kidney. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 1107595 TI - [Exceptional retroperitoneal tumor. Ectopic spleen]. PMID- 1107596 TI - Replication and recombination of gene 59 mutant of bacteriophage T4D. AB - After infection of Escherichia coli B with phage T4D carrying an amber mutation in gene 59, recombination between two rII markers is reduced two- to three-fold. This level of recombination deficiency persists even when burst size similar to wild type is induced by the suppression of the mutant DNA-arrest phenotype. In the background of two other DNA-arrest mutants in genes 46 and 47, a 10- to 11 fold reduction in recombination is observed. The cumulative effect of gene 59 mutation on gene 46-47 mutant suggests that complicated interactions must occur in the production of genetic recombinants. The DNA-arrest phenotype of gene 59 mutant can be suppressed by inhibiting the synthesis of late phage proteins. Under these conditions, DNA replicative intermediates similar to those associated with wild-type infection are induced. Synthesis of late phage proteins, however, results in the degradation of mutant 200S replicative intermediate into molecules are associated with membrane, they do not replicate. These results suggest a role for gene 59 product, in addition to a possible requirement of concatemeric DNA in late replication of phage T4 DNA. PMID- 1107597 TI - Replication of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a continuous cell culture of Spodoptera frugiperda: microscopy study of the sequence of events of the virus infection. AB - A microscopy study of the sequence of morphogenic events of Spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection of S. frugiperda cells is presented which orders the sequence of replication and establishes the time scale within which the events occur. The virus entered the cell by 1 h postinfection and was uncoated. The eclipse period was 9 h and the latent period was 12 h. Polyhedron formation was detected by 18 h postinfection and continued until the deposition of the polyhedron membrane was completed by 48 h postinfection. Aberrant morphogenic characteristics of virus repeatedly passaged in the cell culture were also recorded. Adsorption, envelope morphogenesis, and release mechanisms are discussed in light of other data on in vivo and in vitro baculovirus infections. PMID- 1107599 TI - Urinary tract complications in myelomeningocele patients. AB - Urinary tract complications such as urinary tract infection, ureteral reflux, upper tract dilatation and incontinence are common with myelomeningocele. Regular urological evaluations, including measurement of residual urine, uranalysis, urine culture, voiding cystourethrogram, excretory urogram and renal function studies, are essential for the diagnosis and management of such complications. Conservative therapy with Crede bladder expression and urethral catheter drainage has been unsuccessful in managing these complications and preventing upper tract deterioration. PMID- 1107598 TI - T7 protein synthesis in F-factor-containing cells: evidence for an episomally induced impairment of translation and relation to an alteration in membrane permeability. AB - T7 infection of F-factor-containing PIFA+, B+ cells is abortive. In spite of the presence of mRNA for all three classes of T7 proteins, only the earliest of the T7 proteins are synthesized. A crucial question is whether the failure of T7 to develop in PIFA+, B+ cells is the result of an inability to translate the late classes of T7 mRNA or, as has been recently suggested (Britton, and Haselkorn, 1975; Condit, 1975), whether it is the result of a more generalized alteration in membrane permeability. We have examined the effects of the wild-type PIFA+, B+ spisome and two sipsomal mutations (pifA- and pifB-) on in vitro translation and membrane permeability. In vivo the episomal mutations allow partial or complete T7 development to occur. We demonstrate that cell-free protein-synthesizing systems from T7-infected PIFA+, B+ cells show a three- to fivefold decrease in the rate of translation of both natural and synthetic mRNA. In addition, ribosomes from T7-infected PIFA+, B+ cells are defective in their ability to bind Fmet tRNAf in response to natural mRNA. By contrast, cell-free extracts from T7 infected pifA-(PIFA-, B+) celld retain the ability to bind Fmet defective T7 infected PIFA+, B+ rigosomes can be restored to full activity by a trypsin sensitive fraction from uninfected PIFA+, B+ or T7-infected PIFA-, B+ cells. Despite the differences in translational capacity of these extracts, both T7 infected PIFA+, B+ and PIFA-, B+ cells display the same permeability lesions as measured by the loss of ATP from the cells into the supernatant. Mutation of the episome of pifB- prevents the loss of ATP from the cells after T7 infection. PMID- 1107600 TI - Flexible tip ureteral catheters in clinical practice. AB - An ideal ureteral catheter has been produced and subjected to extensive clinical trial. Its safe, flexible tip permits passage into almost every orifice and ureter, regardless of its configuration, tortuosity or degree of obstruction. The flexi-tip catheter meets all of the criteria of the theoretical ideal ureteral catheter. It would appear to be the catheter of choice for most clinical situations and should be a welcome addition to the urologist's armamentarium. PMID- 1107601 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and bladder carcinoma. AB - The 24-hour urinary carcinoembryonic antigen determinations were performed on 61 patients with different stages of bladder carcinoma. Elevated titers were found in 81 per cent of the patients with active tumors and falsely positive studies were found in 7 per cent. High stage lesions were found to have high carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen determinations were elevated in only 45 per cent of the patients with active tumors but further study may be warranted in advanced bladder cancer cases. The 24-hour urinary carcinoembryonic antigen measurements yield the highest percentage elevations in bladder carcinoma and further investigation is required to better define its clinical application. PMID- 1107602 TI - End stage polycystic kidney disease: management by renal transplantation and selective use of preliminary nephrectomy. AB - The results have been reviewed of 35 renal transplants performed on 31 patients with end stage polycystic renal disease. Patient survival is 81 per cent and 71 per cent of the patients have functioning grafts at an average followup of 3.1 years. The need for pre-transplant nephrectomy was evaluated early in the series and since then the operation has been practiced selectively. Twenty-two patients have received transplants with both polycystic kidneys in situ, while 2 patients have undergone transplantation after unilateral nephrectomy. In the absence of a history of renal infection or significant hematuria it has proved safe and desirable to leave the polycystic kidneys in situ. During the post-transplant period in such cases there has been no difficulty attributed to the in situ polycystic kidneys after more than 450 patient months of immunosuppressive therapy. The size of the polycystic kidneys has not been an indication of nephrectomy in our series and no significant technical difficulties have been encountered with large polycystic kidneys remaining in situ. Hypertension associated with end stage polycystic kidney disease has been controlled easily and has not proved an indication for pre-transplant nephrectomy. PMID- 1107603 TI - The present status of bilateral nephrectomy in transplant recipients. AB - Routine use of bilateral nephrectomy in renal transplant patients has been replaced by a careful evaluation of the indications for the procedure and the increasing appreciation of the contributions of non-excretory kidneys. These contributions are identified and the indications are discussed. When bilateral nephrectomy is required the clear superiority of the bilateral simultaneous posterior approach over other techniques is documented. PMID- 1107604 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced carcinoma of the prostate with 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin. AB - There were 33 patients with clinically relapsing advanced prostatic carcinoma (stages C and D) treated by 2 different combinations of chemotherapy. The 13 patients in group 1 received 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide and 20 patients in group 2 received adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. The over-all response was 69.3 per cent in group 1 and 65 per cent in group 2. Our preliminary results should encourage further evaluation of these drug combinations by other investigators under carefully controlled conditions. PMID- 1107605 TI - Health significance of airborne microorganisms from wastewater treatment processes. Part I: Summary of investigations. PMID- 1107606 TI - Health significance of airborne microorganisms from wastewater treatment processes. Part II: Health significance and alternatives for action. PMID- 1107607 TI - JAMA Reference Directories. PMID- 1107609 TI - Editorial: Iatrogenic nonsuppurative infected thrombophlebitis. PMID- 1107608 TI - The treatment of amebiasis. A recurrent agony. PMID- 1107610 TI - A penicillin shot without culturing the child's throat. PMID- 1107611 TI - St Vitus (c 286-305 AD). PMID- 1107612 TI - Nitrous oxide as an analgesic in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Nitrous oxide in a concentration of 35% has been shown to ameliorate the pain of acute myocardial infarction. This conclusion was reached on the basis of a double blind study in 69 patients and a clinical study in an additional 42 patients. The use of nitrous oxide was not accompanied by hemodynamic changes or significant adverse reactions. PMID- 1107613 TI - [Successful use of continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) in a case of respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 1107614 TI - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 1107615 TI - [Application of thermal dilution method - with special reference to venous return]. PMID- 1107616 TI - Literature on hematology. PMID- 1107617 TI - [Differentiation of functions of motor neurons of the spinal cord]. PMID- 1107618 TI - [Epilepsy and monoamines in the brain]. PMID- 1107619 TI - [Bullous skin diseases (2)]. PMID- 1107620 TI - [Ayurveda. Caraka Samhita (2)]. PMID- 1107621 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies of administration of so-called "massive dose" of antibiotics]. PMID- 1107622 TI - [Hyperlipemia as a risk factor in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1107623 TI - [Hyperlipemia as a risk factor in cerebral arteriosclerosis and apoplexy]. PMID- 1107624 TI - [Safety and long-term administration of antilipemic agents]. PMID- 1107625 TI - [Obesity and hyperlipemia]. PMID- 1107626 TI - [Skin diseases and their relationship to systemic conditions. 11. Pustulosis]. PMID- 1107627 TI - [Caraka Samhita]. PMID- 1107628 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107629 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of pancreatic glucagon in plasma and secretory disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107630 TI - [Quantitative fractionation of human gastric juice pepsin]. PMID- 1107631 TI - Use of free peritoneal patch in reenforcing alimentary tract anastomosis. AB - The use of free peritoneal patch was evaluated for the effect on protection against intestinal anastomotic leakage in dogs. Free peritoneal patch was found to be effective in preventing the anastomotic leakage of the alimentary tract in borderline situation. Free peritoneal patch was more effective when applied with the 'smooth side out' than with the "smooth side in'. The usefulness of free peritoneal patch was also demonstrated in the treatment of the already established fistula of the cervical esophagus. PMID- 1107632 TI - [Recent advances in surgery of congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 1107633 TI - [Respiratory management following open heart surgery--changes of physiological shunt ratio (Qs/Qt) with continuous positive pressure ventilation]. PMID- 1107634 TI - [Recollections of the late Mrs. Alice St. John; mother of nursing education in Japan]. PMID- 1107635 TI - [Profile: Mr. Nobutoshi Sakurada, R.N. who says: "Don't discriminate against me because of sex"]. PMID- 1107637 TI - [Social conditions in Japan in the last 30 years]. PMID- 1107636 TI - [Profile: Mrs. Fujiko Yuzawa who received the medical research study]. PMID- 1107638 TI - [Oxygen-transport function of blood and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1107639 TI - Mechanism of diuretic response to increased left atrial pressure in the anesthetized dog. AB - The mechanism whereby an increase in left atrial pressure (LAP) causes a water diuresis in the anesthetized dog remains controversial. In the present study LAP was increased by inflation of an atrial balloon in two groups of animals. In the first group of eight intact dogs, mean LAP was increased from 3.4 to 17.6 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The rise in LAP was associated with a mean increase in urine flow (V) from 0.70 to 1.29 ml/min (P less than 0.001), a decrease in urinary osmolality (Uosm) from 808 to 490 mOsm/kg of H2O (P less than 0.001) and an increase in free water clearance (CH2O) from -0.684 to -0.200 ml/min (P less than 0.025). This diuresis was associated with a mean decrease in antidiuretic hormone concentrations in plasma as measured by radioimmunoassay from 27.6 to 12.3 pg/ml (P less than 0.02). The changes in the urinary indexes and in the antidiuretic hormone concentrations were reversible and returned to control levels when the LAP was allowed to return to normal. A second group of dogs was acutely hypophysectomized, steroid replaced and given a constant infusion of vasopressin. In these animals, mean LAP was increased from 3.0 to 16.0 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) but no significant change in V (0.49 to 0.56 ml/min), Uosm (878 to 845 mOsm/kg of H2O) or CH2O (-0.750 to -0.620 ml/min) occurred. Cardiac output, renal arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate and solute excretion were comparable in the two groups. We therefore conclude that suppression of antidiuretic hormone release is the primary mechanism whereby increased LAP causes a water diuresis in the anesthetized dog. PMID- 1107640 TI - [Surgical treatment of injuries of the major vessels of the limbs (literature survey)]. PMID- 1107641 TI - [Volume and method of liver resection in alveococcosis]. PMID- 1107642 TI - [Early dermoplasty of decubitus ulcer in spine and spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 1107643 TI - [Surgical treatment of skin melanoma]. PMID- 1107644 TI - [Block-excision of intraocular processes. I. Tumors of the anterior uvea (author's transl)]. AB - Tumors of the ciliary body and peripheral choroid are removed together with the adjacent cornea, sclera, iris and retina as a single "block". A lamellar preparation of the sclera is avoided because extent of the tumorinvasion into the sclera cannot be clinically reconized. The border of the tumor is found by fiber optic-transillumination and thus the diameter of the block-excision is determined. The resulting defect of the globe is covered by a tectonic corneal graft. From 1971-1974 12 eyes have been operated with this method: 3 malignant melanomas of the iris invading the ciliary body; 5 tumors of the ciliary body and 4 extensive malignant melanomas involving also the peripheral choroid. The diameter of the block-excision varied from 5.5 X 5.5 to 14 X 18 mm. Simultaneous cataract extraction was performed in 5 eyes. Approximately 4 hours of the ciliary body-circumference are excised. The preliminary results are satisfactory in view of the size of the excised tumors. PMID- 1107645 TI - [Basaliom of the eyelids (author's transl)]. AB - From 1959-1973 128 patients with tumors of the eyelids were treated at the "Augenklinik im Krankenhaus Nordstadt Hannover"; in 103 cases the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma was histologically proved. With 62.1% of male patients prevailed the female patients with 37.9%. The age of the patients, localisation of the tumors, previous treatment and duration of involvement are discussed in detail. With the exception of 3 cases, which had a primary or secondary radiation they were surgically treated. A short explanation of the technics is given. In 82 out of 101 surgically treated cases (81%) the patients were clinically healed by a single operative treatment. During our observation there was no recurrence. Together with the number of patients, who were treated for several time, the over all-cure-rate was 98.2%. Complications of surgical treatment are described and compared with those of other types of therapy. According to our results and as mentioned in the literature basal cell carcinomas of the peri-orbital region should be treated only by ophthalmologists. Lifelong control is necessary because of the extraordinary character of the tumor, which shows many exceptions in regard to basal cell carcinomas on other parts of the body. PMID- 1107646 TI - [Cardona keratoprosthesis as ultima ratio (author's transl)]. AB - In a 61-year-old patient affected with degenerative keratopathy after attacks of interstitial keratitis a Cardona keratoprosthesis was successfully implanted in the right eye after two fruitless optic corneal grafts in the left eye. PMID- 1107647 TI - [Karl August Reiser]. PMID- 1107648 TI - [A report on Ocusert (author's transl)]. AB - The third communication on the drug delivery system Ocusert (Alza Corporation, Palo Alto; Federal Republic of Germany: Chemic Grumenthal) deals with experiences of a 15 month follow-up study. Again we found that the system provides effective around-the-clock control for at least 7 days. During 15 months the system was effective in all patients. In comparison to pilocarpine-eyedrops the Ocusert system has the following advantages: less pilocarpine-induced myopia and miosis, myopia and miosis extremely constant, minimal local side effects, reduced amount of drug release, almost no therapeutic discomfort for the patient, isolating the patient from the disease and good controlpossibility of the success of the treatment. The problems of a permanent drug release are discussed. PMID- 1107649 TI - [In memory of Herbert Schober]. PMID- 1107650 TI - [In memory of Prof. Momcilo Vucicevic]. PMID- 1107651 TI - [On the closure of the defect after tumor removal in the medial canthus (author's transl)]. AB - After the excision of the growths different plastic operations (pediculated flap, sliding flap, free transplantation) were performed. The postoperative functional and aesthetic results are discussed. PMID- 1107652 TI - [Importance of Ernst Engelking in the sensory physiological ophthalmological research]. PMID- 1107653 TI - [Implantable materials (author's transl)]. AB - There is a steadily increasing importance of implants used as substitutions for body functions which have been impaired due to disease, natural abrasion or accident. With the present state of the art, the limitations for the application of surgical substitutions are due to insufficient properties of biomaterials with regard to specific applications as well as to deficiencies in design and function of the implants used. The basis for the improvement and new development of implants is therefore a functionally adequate design in which the specific properties of the material are taken into account with regard to the individual requirements of the implantation site. For orthopedic implants, materials have to be developed which are to a large extent corrosion and degradation resistant, and withstand high mechanical stress. For implants in the cardiovascular system, compatibility with blood is most significant. Present research in this field is concentrated on efforts to improve the thromboresistivity of conventional polymers by different kinds of surface treatments. One possibility is to influence actively the electrochemical interactions between material and blood components, e.g. by the use of redox catalysts. PMID- 1107654 TI - [History of the first artificial heart in the world]. PMID- 1107655 TI - [Effect of positive transverse acceleration on the transmitting properties of human operators]. AB - The results of experimental studies of the effect of +Gz acceleration on the transmissive properties of the man-operator involved in the tracking system are discussed. With an increase of the acceleration value and the exposure time the law of distribution of tracking errors made by the operator varies from the normal to the uniform pattern. The estimates of the quality of tracking of a complex signal upon an exposure of the operator to accelerations of different values are given. PMID- 1107656 TI - Gnotobiotic animals in research: their uses and limitations. PMID- 1107657 TI - Serodiagnosis of nosematosis by immunofluorescence using cell-culture-grown organisms. AB - This simple procedure for the detection of serum antibodies to Nosema cuniculi in rabbits and other host species incorporates indirect immunofluorescence and uses as antigen N. cuniculi isolated from urine and cultured in a human fibroblast like cell line derived from foetal tongue. Examination of rabbit sera from 8 institutions indicated that no institution was free from Nosema infection. The prevalence of infection in 4 separate Australian rabbit colonies varied from 25 to 75%. PMID- 1107658 TI - The use of the pig as an animal model to study problems associated with low birthweight. AB - Attention is drawn to some of the consequences associated with the postnatal development of low birthweight human infants and the use of the piglet as a model to study such problems. A description is given of the production and methods of rearing of these animals along with an outline of studies currently in progress. PMID- 1107659 TI - Apparatus for the micromanipulation of small bacteria. PMID- 1107660 TI - Improved rearing of symbiont-free and infected Rhodnius prolixus using rabbit-ear warmers and simple microbiological isolators. PMID- 1107661 TI - Sterilizeable thermistor probe for monitoring and control of level, flow and pressure of liquids in the fermentation laboratory. PMID- 1107662 TI - Modified agar sausage technique for microbiological sampling of surfaces. PMID- 1107663 TI - Russian medicine. PMID- 1107664 TI - American medicine: Bicentennial celebration. PMID- 1107665 TI - Health and medical care at the time of the American Revolution. PMID- 1107666 TI - The house I live in. PMID- 1107667 TI - Who are Wesnesday's children? PMID- 1107668 TI - Letter: Comments on "linguistic performance of hard-of-hearing and normal-hearing children". PMID- 1107669 TI - Donald B. Slocum, MD Mr. Sports Medicine of the year. PMID- 1107670 TI - The effect of furosemide on 24-hour hypothermic renal preservation. PMID- 1107671 TI - Comparison of Sacks II solution and modified Collins solution (Ursol) in simple cold preservation of canine kidneys. PMID- 1107672 TI - A unifying pathogenetic mechanism in the etiology of intraperitoneal adhesions;. PMID- 1107673 TI - Effects of glucose therapy on experimental Escherichia coli septicemia. PMID- 1107675 TI - Hypertension reviews: the incidence of low-renin essential hypertension in Davidson County, Tennessee hypertensives. PMID- 1107674 TI - Effects of hypothermia on systemic and organ system metabolism and function. PMID- 1107676 TI - Studies on the primary structure of 14 proteins from the large subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes with an improved protein sequenator and with mass spectrometry. AB - Fourteen proteins from the large subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes were analyzed in an improved sequenator. In addition to our previously described modifications of a Beckman sequenator, new valves which work free of a dead volume were constructed. By this and the previous improvements (e.g., a new vacuum system with a recorder, cool traps, automatic conversion) much better results were obtained than before. It was even possible to use (in addition to the standard methods, e.g., thin-layer chromatography and amino acid analysis) mass spectrometry without preceding gas chromatography for identification of the released PTH amino acids. Our experience with the various methods, especially mass spectrometry, is described and the techniques are compared. The results obtained by the described methods on the amino acid sequences of the 14 ribosomal proteins are summarized. PMID- 1107677 TI - Some problems of sampling for chromosomal aberrations from synchronous populations. PMID- 1107678 TI - Immunologic defects in lung cancer patients. AB - Ninety-three patients with lung cancer were evaluated by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity testing. Twenty-eight of these patients were evaluated by in vitro lymphocyte function. Thirty-three patients were evaluated prior to surgery and defects in the immune response were closely associated with unresectable disease. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate an antigen recognition defect in the cellular immune mechanisms of these patients. Preliminary studies suggest that the immunopotentiating agent Levamisole may be able to augment this defective cellular immunity in patients with lung cancer. PMID- 1107679 TI - Preliminary clinical experience with a new radioisotope-powered cardiac pacemaker. AB - A small light-weight nuclear-powered pacer has been developed. The pulse generator weight 61 Gm. and occupies a volume of 33 sq. cm. It is a standard R wave inhibited (VVI) demand pulse generator. The unit has met all United States and foreign atomic energy commission safety specifications including mechanical shock, industrial fire, accidental crush, cremation, impact, and corrosion. Its calculated life is in excess of 20 years. The unit has been shown to be insensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI) over a wide range of commonly encountered sources of interference. An extensive dog testing program has been carried out and is continuing. The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) has issued a license to conduct clinical trials. These began in October, 1974, and a total of 30 units of 30 units have been implanted so far. An equal number of chemical battery-powered pulse generators has been implanted in a control series of 30 patients. Preliminary results have been gratifying. PMID- 1107680 TI - The effects of carbon dioxide on pulmonary mechanics in hyperventilating, normal volunteers. AB - Transpulmonary pressure, air flow, and end-tidal carbon dioxide levels were measured in normal human volunteers during hypocapnic, eucapnic, and hypercapnic hyperventilation. Respiratory rate and tidal volumes were well matched at a minute ventilation of 52 L. on three inspired gas mixtures: 21 per cent oxygen and 79 per cent nitrogen; 5 per cent carbon dioxide, 21 per cent oxygen and 74 per cent nitrogen; and 12 per cent carbon dioxide, 21 per cent oxygen and 67 per cent nitrogen. Respiratory rate, tidal volume, lung compliance, resistance, and resistive work per liter were calculated with a digital computer. In 13 experiments in 7 normal volunteers, no net bronchoconstriction or bronchodilatation was observed when eucapnic hyperventilation was compared to hypocapnic or hypercapnic hyperventilation. During hyperventilation of this degree, a change in bronchomotor tone owing to alteration in arterial or alveolar PCO2 either does not occur or else is masked by other reflexes or mechanical factors acting on the bronchi. PMID- 1107681 TI - [Percentage of expenses on dental prostheses in the recent dental insurance expenditure]. PMID- 1107682 TI - Orthognathic surgery. Review of mandibular body procedures. AB - In a clinical diagnostic approach to orthognathic deformities, the patient's past medical and dental histories and the indications and potential complications of mandibular body ostectomy and osteotomy are important considerations. The need for a team approach in the diagnostic, orthodontic, and surgical phase of the treatment is also important. The mandibular body procedure has a definite place in the armamentarium of the oral surgeon because certain mandibular deformities can be corrected only by this method. Predictable and stable results can be expected in indicated cases if one adheres to the principles of exacting surgical technique, precision immobilization, and neuromuscular balance. Presurgical and postsurgical orthodontic treatment enhances the functional and esthetic correction and furnished indispensable surgical fixation appliances for precision segment immobilization. PMID- 1107683 TI - Who responds to sugar pills? AB - Among 288 cancer patients undergoing controlled trials of oral analgesics there were 112 who received 50% or greater pain relief from placebo formulations. Patients who responded to placebo had a greater response rate to active drugs. They also had a higher incidence of central nervous system side effects to placebo. Patient groups showing as increased placebo response included those with a high level of education, farmers, those with a professional occupation, women working outside the home, and patients who were widowed, separated, or divorced. Those resistant to placebo were patients with a low educational level, unskilled workers, housewives, married women without children, and smokers. It is theorized that placebo response is a type of autohypnosis phenomenon resulting from exaggerated oral-dependency needs. Particularly vulnerable to placebo effect is the very self-sufficient individual with heavy responsibilities who is thrust into the unaccustomed dependency of disabling illness. PMID- 1107684 TI - Sindbis virus replication in vertebrate and mosquito cells: an interpretation. AB - This paper summarizes recent comparative studies of Sindbis virus (SV) replication in cultured Aedes albopictus (A. albo) or (A. aegypti (A. aeg) and BHK21 or chick embryo (CEF) cells. 1. Viral growth kinetics and yields are similar in A. albo cells at 28 degress C and in vertebrate cells at 37 degrees C. A. albo exhibit no CPE and yield persistenetly infected cultures. 2. SV grown in A. albo cells lacks sialic acid but is antigenically and in terms of particle/PFU or particle/HAU ratios equivalent to SV derived from vertebrate cells. The contrast to VSV in the latter respect is discussed. 3. SV from persistently infected A. albo or A. aeg cells is temperature-sensitive, thermolabile, and produces small plaques. Partial characterization of these mutants, of RNA associated with their replication, and their high reversion rate to ts+ upon serial undiluted passage in GHK21 cells are presented. 4. Hostdependent differences in the generation of defective-interfering (DI) SV particles and of low molecular weight viral RNA species have been observed upon undiluted serial passages in BHK21 and CEF. In contrast, serial passage in A. albo cells appears not to produce DI particles or small RNA species nor do these cells "recognize" as such DI particles from BHK21 cells. 5. Possible implications of these observations fro the natural life cycle of arthropod-borne togaviruses are discussed. PMID- 1107685 TI - Replication of Semliki Forest virus. AB - Replication of Semliki Forest virus, a typical alphavirus, takes place in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The virus genome, the 42 S RNA, directs the synthesis of at least two RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. By the aid of these enzymes complementary 45 S RNA is synthesized; it serves as a template for the synthesis of positive RNA strands with sedimentation values of 45 S and 26 S. In BHK cells close to 200,000 molecules of each RNA species are produced per cell. Both 26 S and 42 S RNAs are associated with polysomes synthesizing viral structural proteins. The 26 S RNA is a duplication of the nucleotide sequences coding for the virion proteins. These are translated as a polyprotein with the capsid protein at the N-terminal end followed by the envelope proteins E2 and E1. Usually only small amounts of nonstructural proteins are synthesized at the exponential phase of virus growth, indicating that a translational control operates in Semliki Forest virus-infected cells. One of our temperature-sensitive mutants, ts-1, directs, however, the synthesis of two nonstructural proteins with MWs of 78,000 and 86,000 when grown at the nonpermissive temperature. The assembly of the viral nucleocapsid begins by association of the capsid protein with the 42 S RNA, which is still serving as a messenger. In this process a cytoplasmic structure sedimenting at about 65 S is presumably one of the capsid protein donors. The 140 S nucleocapsid buds through the host cell plasma membrane whereby the capsid protein interacts with the envelope proteins creating a specific viral envelope devoid of host proteins. Altogether 5,000 to 20,000 virus particles are released from each cell by the end of the growth cycle, representing about 10% of the 42 S RNA molecules synthesized during the infection. PMID- 1107686 TI - Processing of alphavirus-specific proteins in infected cells. AB - The RNA of the alphaviruses contains the genetic information for both the non structural and the structural polypeptides. The former are contained in the initial two-thirds of the sequence (from the 5'-terminus) and are read directly from the virus particle RNA, but whether post-translational cleavage is involved or not is not known. The genes for the structural polypeptides are in the final one-third of the genome, and are probably not read directly but are transcribed selectively to produce a sub-genomic messenger RNA with only one initiation site. Translation produces the structural pooypeptides and post-translation cleavage does occur. However, the rate at which cleavage occurs is variable--cleavage to release the core polypeptide occurs while the nascent polypeptide is still attached to the ribosome, while cleavage to form two of the virus envelope glycoproteins occurs as the virus buds from the cell. The cleavage mechanism which leads to release of the core polypeptide also takes place in vitro and may be catalysed by the structural polypeptide itself. PMID- 1107687 TI - Translation of Semliki forest virus 42S and 26S RNAs in a cell-free system derived from Escherichia coli. AB - The SFV 42S RNA and the intracellular 26S RNA have been translated in a prokaryotic cell-free system, the E. coli S30. About half of the [35S]methionine labelled products directed by both RNAs had molecular weights larger than 20,000 on polyacrylamide gels. Both products contained tryptic peptides which comigrated with all the capsid and envelope protein-derived peptides. The most striking difference between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems lay in the translation of the 42 S RNA: The "42S RNA-specific nonstructural" peptides, which predominate in the eukaryotic systems, were apparently absent from the product translated by the prokaryotic system. PMID- 1107688 TI - The structure of togaviruses and bunyaviruses. AB - This article reviews the properties of arthropod-borne and nonarbo togaviruses and members of the Bunyaviridae family. Averaged information is given on the morphology and substructure of the virion, its physical properties, its chemical composition and the function of its constituents. Special attention is given to distinctive traits which might be useful for virus classification. PMID- 1107689 TI - The structure of Uukuniemi virus, a proposed member of the bunyaviruses. AB - Uukuniemi virus, a proposed member of the new large Bunyavirus group of arboviruses, has an interesting structure which differs in many respects from that of other enveloped RNA viruses. The surface structure reveals a clustering of the two glycoproteins into distinct capsomere-like subunits, arranged in a T = 12 icosahedral lattice. The genome is found in at least three pieces that appear to represent unique virus-specific RNAs. The ribonucleoproteins corresponding to the RNA species are circular, according to electron micrographs. The virion contains an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase suggesting that Uukuniemi virus is a negative-strand virus. This paper summarizes the data obtained on the structure of Uukuniemi virus and discusses its relationship to other members of the Bunyavirus group. PMID- 1107690 TI - The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and the preexcitation dysrhythmias. Medical and surgical management. PMID- 1107691 TI - Infranodal block: diagnosis, clinical significance, and management. PMID- 1107692 TI - Digitalis assay and its clinical application. PMID- 1107694 TI - Hemodynamic consequences of cardiac dysrhythmias. AB - To understand the hemodynamic changes produced by arrhythmias is to understand cardiovascular physiology. The changes in rate are accompanied by changes in contractility, receptor stimulation, peripheral vascular response, and flow to other vital organs. In addition, one must keep in mind the underlying pathology of the cardiovascular system. As a therapeutic program is initiated and adjusted, it must be done in accordance with the changes produced in the hemodynamics as well as the rhythm. PMID- 1107693 TI - Coronary occlusion: effect on cellular electrical activity of the heart. PMID- 1107695 TI - The tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome. AB - The tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome (paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, flutter, or tachycardia followed by sinoatrial block or sinus arrest resulting in Stokes Adams attacks) is an important clinical entity that requires familiarity by the clinician. Pathologic studies and physiologic mechanisms as revealed in the electrocardiogram indicate multiple disturbances in the conduction system of the heart (sinus node, atria, and atrioventricular junctional tissues). The electrocardiogram establishes the diagnosis. Pacemaker implantation with supplementary drugs has provided a satisfactory means of therapy. With proper treatment the prognosis of patients with the tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome has improved to the extent that the primary determinant of mortality is no longer the arrhythmia, but the underlying cardiac and/or systemic pathology. PMID- 1107696 TI - [Instructions to the new transplantation law: Removing of the cornea considered as minor surgery]. PMID- 1107697 TI - [The campaign against malaria at a crossroad]. PMID- 1107698 TI - [Treatment of liver wounds with isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate under ischemic conditions]. PMID- 1107699 TI - [New evaluation of effect of total colectomy and intestinal sterilization following portacaval shunt]. AB - The effect of total colectomy and "intestinal sterilisation" following chronic portocaval shunt was investigated in 96 Sprague-Dawley rats: while both therapeutic procedures are of no significant impact on serum ammonia concentrations there is a significant reduction of brain octopamine, a known false neuro-chemical transmitter, and a clear response on aromatic amino acid levels in brain and plasma. The interference with central and peripheral neurotransmitters is suggested as an alternative mechanism in experimental encephalopathy. PMID- 1107700 TI - [Early recognition of a rejection crisis following kidney transplantation by determination of a low-molecular protease inhibitor in serum and urine]. AB - The dynamic of the lowmolecular acid stable inhibitor in serum and urine was investigated in 10 patients with kidney transplants. The same was done with serum creatinin levels. In kidney transplantation changing serum levels and excretion of acid stable proteinase inhibitors early indicate the starting function of the kidney transplant. Rapid reduction of the inhibitors serum level and massive excretion are sign of the functioning of the kidney transplant even though creatinin levels remain elevated. An increasing inhibitor concentration in serum indicates the beginning of a rejection crisis. This is an easy check-up which takes only a few minutes. PMID- 1107701 TI - [Thermography: a method for the assessment of rejection time in skin transplants]. AB - It is possible to register the rejection time of allografts quantitatively by the method of thermography. Results are congruent with a micromorphological state, but only partially with the macroscopic pictures. PMID- 1107702 TI - [T- and B-lymphocytes in patients with kidney transplants]. AB - T and B cells were estimated in kidney allograft recipients under immunosuppressive therapy by spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes and fluorescent staining with anti-immunoglobulin serum. Pronounced lymphopenia could be shown in all patients when compared with normal as well as uremic controls. Under standard immunosuppression with azathioprine and oral steroids T cells were reduced to 840 +/- 215 and B cells to 286 +/- 69 per mm3 blood. Lymphopenia was further augmented by additional intravenous treatment with prednisolone in high dosage (1g). Under these conditions a prevailing reduction of T cells was found. PMID- 1107703 TI - [Immune response following portal and caval anastomosis of kidney transplants in the rat]. AB - The technique of renal transplantation in the rat was modified by anastomosing the renal vein to the portal vein. Transplantation of DA-kidneys to BDE-Han-rats did not result in a prolongation of survival time in this strong histoincompatible system. No differences were found in the immune response on the 7th postoperative day. PMID- 1107704 TI - [Pulmonary homotransplantation in the dog with contralateral ligation of the pulmonary artery and subsequent contralateral pneumonectomy]. AB - Five mongrel dogs underwent a left side pulmonary homotransplantation and simultaneous contralateral pulmonary artery ligation using a standardized operative technique. The contralateral lung of the recipient was successfully removed on the first postoperative day. From the present study may be concluded that the transplanted lung is able to provide adequate respiratory function immediate postoperatively and is able to tolerate the total cardiac output in the presence of increased vascular resistence of the recipient contralateral lung. PMID- 1107705 TI - [Wound elasticity following various suture technics as well as studies on skin elasticity in man]. PMID- 1107706 TI - [Hormonal tendolysis in animal experiment]. AB - After testing a new method of postoperative immobilisation the tendon of the m. flexor digit. longus of 49 adult rabbits was tenotomised and resewn. Comparing to a control-group a distinctly less accentuated reaction and scarring of the connected tissues as well as calcified reactionless necrosises can be found in the histology depending of the dosage of the postoperative cortison-treatment. The cellular alterations are described in details. For a definite judgement rupturing-tests will be necessary. PMID- 1107707 TI - Experimental replacement of esophagus by tissue tube in dogs. AB - After subcutaneous implantation of a silastic rod 1.2 cm in diameter covered by a lacelike polyester fibre mesh an autogenous tissue tube can be prepared which was used for segmental esophageal replacement with satisfactory results in 5 out of 7 dogs. PMID- 1107708 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure in the prophylaxis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). AB - Alternate patients believed to be at risk for developing ARDS were placed on CPAP for the first twenty-four hours post upper abdominal surgery. Ten of the 58 controls developed ARDS, requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation with a 30% mortality rate. Only one of the 59 CPAP patients developed evidence of ARDS. This patient, however, is believed to have had fluid overload, and responded quickly to diuretics and was extubated within two days. Thus, prophylactic CPAP has greatly decreased our postoperative morbidity and mortality related to respiratory causes. PMID- 1107709 TI - [Quantitative bacteriological evaluation of intraoperative peritoneal lavage in animal experiment]. AB - In a model experiment with albino rats the effectiveness of intraoperative peritoneal lavage has been tested by means of defined lethal staphylococus aureus infections. A positive result can only be expected, if intraperitoneal lavage is started immediately after bacterial contamination. In this can a 10% decrease in the total number of germs be expected. If the lavage is done up to 15 or 30 min after the germ application the efficiency rate declines to less than 1%. In addition bacteraemia could be proved already 15 min after germ application. These results clearly show the limits of peritoneal lavage with physiological saline. PMID- 1107710 TI - [Computer-aided diagnosis for pancreatic function test (author's transl)]. AB - The use of multivariate nonlinear discriminant analysis raised the rate of correct classification for 585 pancreatic function tests from 84 percent by the doctor to 93 percent by computer analysis. In addition to the "normal" and "pancreatic" disease groups, a group of 388 patients was found in whom secretion levels were neither normal nor typical of pancreatic disease. For this group, nonpancreatic gastroenterologic disease was established with a diagnostic accuracy of 98 percent. Representation of secretion data by Andrews' method for the differentiation of pancreatitis from carcinoma allows moderately sensitive but highly specific testing. PMID- 1107711 TI - [Surgical treatment of benign and semimalignant tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The differential diagnosis of of benign, semimalignant (or, more correctly, potentially malignant) tumors from malignant tumors or pathologic tumorlike changes is often difficult. Routine angiography and scintigraphy certainly help a great deal in differential diagnosis. The major causes of threatened or pathologic fractures are primary bone tumors and pathologic tumorlike changes. In this connection, a spontaneous fracture is a sign of a benign tumor. Excochleation or resection, with subsequent filling of the defect with homologous bone chips and fixation with a metal aid if necessary, has proved successful as a treatment for benign and potentially malignant tumors and for tumorlike changes. Joint replacement and amputation are necessary only in exceptional cases. PMID- 1107712 TI - [Treatment of Dupuytren's contracture (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical treatment of Dupuytren's contracture improves function but cannot remove the cause of the disease. Strict selection of cases, knowledge of the anatomy, the use of incisions appropriate to the local alterations, an atraumatic operative technique, and careful aftercare are essential for positive results. The literature cites success rates of between 60 and 85 percent. Recurrences cannot always be avoided but the frequency can be reduced by meticulous removal of all diseased and normal connective tissue in this area. PMID- 1107713 TI - [Construction of the vagina by means of split-skin or mucosal grafts (author's transl)]. AB - Of the various methods of lining the vaginal canal with skin, i.e. split-skin, corium, and mesh grafts, the mesh graft offers the best results in terms of both take and shrinkage. The plastic surgeon's principle of performing construction or reconstruction work with similar or neighboring tissue is best met by the use of small-bowel composite grafts in the case of the vagina. Mucosa-muscularis grafts of sufficient size can be taken from the small bowel with relatively low risk; they take very well and the results also appear most appropriate from the anato mical and physiological aspect. PMID- 1107714 TI - [Construction of the vagina with transposition of the signoid colon (author's transl)]. AB - Sigmoid transposition for reconstruction of the vagina in congenital aplasia was first carried out at the 2nd Surgical University Clinic in Vienna in 1904 by P. Albrecht. This operation was not frequently used because of possible complications thought to be inherent in the method. In 1954 the author redesigned some essential parts of this procedure with suggestions for avoiding the complications mentioned above. Of 23 patients operated on with this modified technique, in 21 the immediate result was perfect. Necrosis developed in two cases without general symptoms. PMID- 1107715 TI - [Skin replacement on the penis (author's transl)]. AB - For skin replacement on the penis and scrotum, only a free split-skin graft (about 0.45 mm in thickness) can be considered in cases where local flaps are not available. The transplant is fixed on the denuded penis with a special thermoplast splint, which ensures healing in. Additional sedation is necessary. Pedicle flaps taken from some distance away are too voluminous for the penis and not adequate. Cases with eschars and granulation tissue must be carefully cleaned to avoid hypertrophic scars. Covering can also be achieved with mesh-grafts in these cases. PMID- 1107716 TI - [Surgical treatment in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - This paper describes the operative techniques appropriate to the treatment of coronary heart disease. The chapters deal with general preliminaries and indications for surgery, the selection of bypass material, surgical instruments for coronary opertaions, the methods of extracorporeal circulation, the distal coronary anastomosis, the proximal aortal anastomosis, intraoperative monitoring of results, intra- and postoperative myocardinal infarction, the fate of venous bypass grafts, operative treatment of the ruptured ventricular septum and papillary muscle, and ventricular aneurysmectomy. PMID- 1107717 TI - [The history of wound dressings (author's transl)]. AB - The introduction of antisepsis and asepsis brought about decisive changes in the dressing of wounds. For thousands of years, dressing material had been regarded as protection for wounds, absorbent material, or a base for healing substances, while healing per secundam intentionem by the production of "pus laudabile" was the general rule. With the advent of antisepsis, dressings became a type of medication, healing the wounds per primam intentionem. Different materials have been used over the years, but the most important steps in the development of new dressings were made in the nineteenth century, with the introduction of a degreased cotton and of medicated plasters. PMID- 1107718 TI - [Thoracic surgery: history and present status (author's transl)]. AB - Following adoption of the differential airways pressure principle (Sauerbruch), continuous positive airway pressure breathing, together with earlier physiological and clinical preliminary reports on artificial lung ventilation, was a major step on the way to intratracheal anesthesia, which was brought to perfection only after World War II. Up to then, the earlier method that Sauerbruch had used in his pioneer work had been prevalent in thoracic surgery. Since Sauerbruch's death, surgery of the heart and thoracic vessels has developed most successfully, while pulmonary tuberculosis now has hardly any surgical significance. PMID- 1107719 TI - [Experimental surgery in pancreas/autotransplantation (author's transl)]. AB - We have described to technique of one stage intraabdominal heterotopic pancreaticduodenal autotransplantation which has resulted in long term survival of dogs in good health. Malnutrition related to pancreatic exocrine hypofunction occurs initially but gradual recovery by 3 months nutrition is normal. In contrast, endocrine function is well preserved throughout the postoperative period except for a few days immediately after transplantation. Tolbutamide testing showed a significant prolongation of hypoglycemia as compared to controls although glucose tolerance curves were normal. There was no fibrosis after pancreas-autotransplantation. This experimental model is useful for long term evaluation of heterotopic transplantation of the pancreas. Denervation and lymphatic interruption of the pancreas may cause a transient but not definitive influence on pancreatic endocrine or exocrine function. PMID- 1107720 TI - [Characteristics of M. lepraemurium Hawaii (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107721 TI - [Multiplication of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell-free liquid medium. 8. Growth of M. lepraemurium in culture media which were preserved before inoculation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107722 TI - [Multiplication of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell-free liquid medium. 9. Effect of transfer of the smeared slide on the growth of M. lepraemurium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107723 TI - [In memorium: Professor Masataka Murata]. PMID- 1107724 TI - [Multiplication of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell-free liquid medium. 7. Pathogenicity of M. lepraemurium cultivated in NC-5 medium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107725 TI - Lepromatous leprosy in the nose after one year of dapsone treatment: clinical and bacteriological findings. PMID- 1107726 TI - Lepromatous leprosy in the nose after one year of dapsone treatment: histopathological findings. PMID- 1107727 TI - The fly as potential vector in the transmission of leprosy. PMID- 1107728 TI - Multicentre controlled comparative trial of clofazimine and dapsone in low dosages. PMID- 1107729 TI - [Medical problems of our health care during the 2nd world war especially in the period of frontal war in the years 1944-1945]. PMID- 1107730 TI - [Health corps in the final phase of Peoples Liberation War]. PMID- 1107731 TI - [Controlled clinical trial of beta-methyl digoxin]. PMID- 1107732 TI - The role of angiotensin in thirst. PMID- 1107733 TI - A calcium transport system for mammalian cells. PMID- 1107734 TI - Experimental pathology and pharmacology in brain research and aging. PMID- 1107735 TI - The physiologic disposition of marihuana in man. PMID- 1107736 TI - Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH): neuropharmacological studies. PMID- 1107737 TI - Drugs and sexual behavior in man. PMID- 1107738 TI - The neuropharmacology of taurine. PMID- 1107739 TI - The action of ionophores at the frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 1107740 TI - Effects of ionophores A23187 and X537A on brain calcium, catecholamines and excitability. PMID- 1107741 TI - [Radioisotope determination of blood ejection volume in arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 1107742 TI - [Results of different variants of radiation treatment of reticular tumors of the tonsils]. PMID- 1107743 TI - [Spectrometric method of determination of spatial distribution of radioactive indicator]. PMID- 1107744 TI - [The effect of intravenously and intracisternally injected Escherichia coli endotoxin on the central nervous system]. PMID- 1107745 TI - [Tropical malaria infections. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 1107746 TI - Focal glomerular sclerosis: contrasting clinical patterns in children and adults. AB - In a retrospective clinicopathological study, 48 kidney biopsy specimens from 16 children (mean age, 7 years) and 17 adults (mean age, 33 years) with histological evidence of focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS) were examined using light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The histopathological findings were related to the clinical course of each patient. At the clinical onset of the disease, the nephrotic syndrome was seen more commonly in children (12/16) than adults (7/17), while the incidence of both hypertension (children 1/16 versus adults, 9/17) and renal insufficiency (children, 0/16 versus adults, 7/17) was greater in adults. Despite a shorter average follow-up, (adults 3 10/12 years versus children, 7 years), the incidence of hypertension (adults, 13/17 versus children, 7/16) and renal functional impairment (adults, 13/17 versus children, 3/16) remained greater in the adult patients. One child and three adults died in renal failure while two adults underwent transplantation and on requires regular dialysis therapy. Nine of 15 pediatric patients treated with corticosteroids experienced partial or complete remission in either their nephrotic syndrome or level of urine protein excretion, while just 3 of 6 adult patients treated with corticosteroids experienced a partial remission, but never became protein-free. There was an excellent correlation in all patients between the degree of functional renal impairment and the extent of glomerular and nonglomerular histopathological damage in the kidney. It is concluded that in the adults, FGS represents a more severe and progressive disease process and is less responsive to therapy. PMID- 1107747 TI - The use of computer based diaries for the assessment of subjective symptomatology. PMID- 1107748 TI - The German syndrome identification and information system (DOFONOS). PMID- 1107749 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on the retina of the honey bee (Apis mellifica): II. Investigations on reactions of the fine structure of the rhabdomeric tubuli after exposure to various experimental influences, especially to light of different wavelength (author's transl)]. AB - Electron microscopic studies were made on the fine structure of the rhabdomeric tubuli of the honey bee-eye after exposure to white and monochromatic light. Several preparation and fixation techniques were tested. A method to irradiate the eyes in vitro by high intensity of white or monochromatic light was developped. PMID- 1107750 TI - [Quantitative image analysis as a scanning method in histopathological routine diagnostics applied for instance to chronical liver diseases (author's transl)]. AB - A method is given by means of which histological image contents can quantitatively be determined with the help of electronic image analysis. A case of a chronical liver disease is quoted as instance for the application of the method in routine diagnosis. A possibility is shown to open quantitative and reproducible computation to descriptive histopathology. PMID- 1107751 TI - [Optical microscopy]. PMID- 1107752 TI - [Electron microscopy]. PMID- 1107753 TI - [Cytochemistry and histochemistry]. PMID- 1107755 TI - [Microprobe methods]. PMID- 1107754 TI - [Autoradiography]. PMID- 1107756 TI - [Microscopic equipment and methods. Combinations of different methods]. PMID- 1107757 TI - [Microscopic equipment and methods. Evaluation of images]. PMID- 1107758 TI - [Microscopic equipment and methods]. PMID- 1107759 TI - [Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in the medium on the level of reserve carbohydrates in the cells of a dividing baker's yeast culture]. AB - Changes in the content of reserve carbohydrates (trehalose, glycogen) were studied in the cells of baker's yeast during their continuous cultivation at various doses of nitrogen and phosphorus in the medium. The content of reserve carbohydrates in the cells, and their viability, increased with a decrease of nitrogen in the medium. Phosphorus displayed the opposite effect, which was however insignificant within the range of its concentrations used in the experiments. PMID- 1107760 TI - [Isolation of pure methanotrophic cultures and their properties]. AB - Pure cultures of obligate methanotrophic bacteria were isolated from natural habitats and cultivated on media containing silica gel which provided more elective conditions than media with agar. According to their morphology, fine structure, cultural, physiological and biochemical properties, the bacteria were identified as Methylosinus trichosporium, Methylosinus trichosporium var. methanolicum, Methylocystis parvus, Methylocytis parvus var. fuscus, Methylomonas methanica. PMID- 1107761 TI - [Irregular growth of Escherichia coli under periodic cultivation conditions]. AB - Uneven growth of Escherichia coli ML 30 was found in periodic conditions of cultivation on a defined medium containing maltose or glucose as a source of carbon. This is demonstrated by changes in the slope of the logarithmic curve expressed in units of optical density, and the curve of the specific growth rate plotted against time. The uneven pattern of growth can be revealed only if samples are taken every 15 min. Variations in the growth rate are accompanied with irregular utilization of carbon sources, acidification of the medium, accumulation of organic acids in the cultural broth, deviations in the enzyme activity and the content of polymers in the cells. According to the dynamics of the aforementioned parameters, the growth phase of E. coli is complex and can be subdivided into five different cycles. Such a synchronization of growth is presumed to be due to changes in the composition of the growth medium. PMID- 1107762 TI - [Total count, biomass and production of microorganisms in the water of the South Sea]. AB - The total number of microorganisms in waters of the Southern Ocean was determined by direct count in capillaries of Perfiliev and Gabe. Ninety samples of water, obtained at depths from 0 to 7,000 m in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean, have been analyzed. The number of microorganisms in these samples varied from hundreds to dozens of thousand cells in 1 ml of water, being in most cases thousands of cells in 1 ml of water. An increase in the concentration of cells, as compared to higher and lower horizons, was registered in some layers of subsurface, intermediate, and deep waters. PMID- 1107763 TI - [Inhibiting action of an electrical field on an Escherichia coli culture]. PMID- 1107764 TI - [Rapid method of determining the capacity for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in growing plants under sterile and under natural conditions]. PMID- 1107765 TI - [Comparative characteristic of enteric microflora in patients and healthy subjects]. PMID- 1107766 TI - [Studies of correlative relations between virulence and other biological properties of Proteus]. PMID- 1107767 TI - [Antimicrobial and antineoplastic properties of alkaloids of greater celandine and their thiophosphamide derivatives]. PMID- 1107768 TI - Massive air embolism in a neonate with respiratory distress. AB - The occurrence of massive air embolism in a neonate during treatment with intermittent positive-pressure respiration and positive end expiratory pressure is reported as a note of caution. It is possible that this complication may indeed be more common. Careful post-mortem examinations (including radiological examinations) are advocated in order that the true incidence of this devastating event shall be known. PMID- 1107769 TI - Alprenolol in angina pectoris. A comparative study of the tablet form and slow release formulation. AB - In a double-blind crossover trial in angina pectoris patients, alprenolol in a slow-release formulation (Aptin Durules) was compared with ordinary Aptin tablets. Four hundred mg per day in tablets given four times a day produced the same increase in exercise tolerance five hours after last intake as did an equivalent dose of slow-release formulation given twice per day nine hours after intake. Aptin Durules in double the dosage had a considerably greater effect. An optimal, sustained and antianginal effect of alprenolol is best achieved by giving 400 to 800 mg per day of slow-release formulation with 10 to 12 hours' dosage interval. PMID- 1107770 TI - Letter: Antarctic medicine. PMID- 1107771 TI - The diagnosis of syphillis. PMID- 1107772 TI - The healing of gastric ulcers by zinc sulphate. AB - A double-blind trial of zinc sulphate given by mouth (220 mg, three times a day) and placebo was undertaken in patients with benign gastric ulcers. The drug was given for a three-week period and the healing of the ulcers was estimated from results of barium-meal X-ray films taken immediately before and after this period. There were ten patients taking zinc sulphate and eight patients taking placebo. The two groups of patients were comparable in all respects, including initial ulcer size. Patients taking zinc sulphate had an ulcer healing rate three times that of patients treated with placebo. This difference was significant (P less than 0-05). Complete healing of ulcers occurred more frequently in the patients taking zinc sulphate than in patients treated with placebo. The placebo group contained more patients whose ulcers did not heal at all, than the group taking zinc sulphate. No side effects from zinc sulphate were noted. There was no evidence of zinc deficiency in any of the patients. PMID- 1107773 TI - Roy Thomas Simmons. PMID- 1107774 TI - Example of a human ovum in a cervicovaginal smear fact or artefact? AB - A further example in a cervicovaginal smear of a structure with the morphological features of an unfertilized human ovum is reported. Previously published case reports of similar objects are reviewed, and alternative sources of bodies which could be incorrectly identified as ova are discussed together with suggested methods of establishing precise identity. PMID- 1107775 TI - [Proceedings: Normal values and samples of findings in the use of immunological methods]. PMID- 1107776 TI - [Proceedings: Immunomanipulation- -immunotherapy]. PMID- 1107777 TI - [Proceedings: Heart rhythm disorders--a historical retrospect]. PMID- 1107778 TI - [Proceedings: Round table discussion: The patient with a pacemaker]. PMID- 1107779 TI - [Collagen diseases]. PMID- 1107781 TI - [Erythropoietin]. PMID- 1107780 TI - [Effects and adverse effects of D-penicillamine]. PMID- 1107782 TI - [The uncertainty of the concept of preleukemia]. PMID- 1107783 TI - [The ultrasound-Doppler-method in the angiologic diagnosis. 1. Arterial circulation disorders]. PMID- 1107784 TI - [The ultrasound-Doppler-method in the angiologic diagnosis. 2. Quantitative diagnosis of venous circulation disorders]. PMID- 1107785 TI - [Placental insufficiency]. PMID- 1107786 TI - [The old Clemens hospital in Munster (1732-1944)]. PMID- 1107787 TI - [Administration of cormelian in coronary insufficiency. Results of a double blind study]. PMID- 1107788 TI - [Data processing in the pulmonary function diagnosis]. PMID- 1107789 TI - [Importance of psychopathology in the poetic art of Cervantes]. PMID- 1107790 TI - Pemoline (Cylert) for minimal brain dysfunction. PMID- 1107791 TI - Long-acting phenothiazines for treatment of schizophrenia. PMID- 1107792 TI - Azaribine (Triazure) for severe psoriasis. PMID- 1107793 TI - Clinical effects of warm ischemia and prolonged preservation on the outcome of transplanted kidneys. PMID- 1107794 TI - Complicated ulcerative keratitis in a boxer. PMID- 1107795 TI - Mutagenic DNA repair in Escherichia coli. II. Factors affecting loss of photoreversibility of UV induced mutations. AB - The photoreversibility of UV-induced mutations to Trp+ in strain Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA trp (unable to excise pyrimidine dimers) was lost at different rates during incubation in different media. In Casamino acids medium after a short initial lag, photoreversibility was lost over about one generation time; in minimal medium with tryptophan, photoreversibility persisted for more than two generations; in Casamino acids medium with pantoyl lactone photoreversibility was lost extremely slowly. The rate of loss of photoreversibility was unaffected by UV dose in either Casamino acids medium or in minimal medium. The same eventual number of induced mutants was obtained when cells were incubated for two generations in any of the three media before being transferred to selective plates supplemented with Casamino acids. Thus in each the proportion of cells capable of giving rise to a mutant was the same and only the rate at which these cells did so during post-irradiation growth varied, suggesting that there might be a specific fraction of pyrimidine dimers at a given site capable of initiating a mutagenic repair event, and that the size of this fraction is dose dependent. Segregation experiments have shown that error-prone repair appears to occur once only and is not repeated in subsequent replication cycles, in contrast to (presumed error-free) recombination repair. The results are discussed in the light of current models of UV mutagenesis. PMID- 1107796 TI - Cytoplasmic inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: comparison of first zygotic budsite to mitochondrial inheritance patterns. AB - Zygotic first budsite in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied in relation to defined mitochondrial inheritance systems: both petite and drug resistance. It was hypothesized that a highly asymmetric inheritance pattern would be correlated to a high frequency of first budsites on the petite or drug resistant end of the zygote (i.e., that portion of the zygote which was originally the drug resistant or petite haploid before zygote formation). The data collected did not support the hypothesis. For drug resistance, the budsite pattern is identical for a highly biased and a moderately biased inheritance pattern. In a grande by grande cross there is a high probability of the first bud appearing on the conjugation bridge, with lower but equal probabilities of the first bud appearing on one end or the other of the zygote. A grande by petite cross changes this pattern to a high probability of the first bud appearing on the grade end of the zygote, with a lesser probability of the first bud appearing on the conjugation bridge and virtually no budding of the petite end. This phenomenon is independent of degree of neutrality or suppressiveness of the petite strain used, however. The difference between a grande and a grande by petite pattern may be due to the relative functional ability of the mitochondria in each end of the zygote. Tests using antimitochondrial drugs suggest that selection of first budsite on a zygote is a complex phenomenon, not simply dependent upon mitochondrial phenotype. In conclusion, selection of the first zygotic budsite appears to be independent of mitochondrial inheritance patterns. PMID- 1107797 TI - The mating reaction in yeast. I. A new mutation involved in the determination of mating-type. AB - The isolation and preliminary characterisation of a mutation, not linked to the mating type locus, but which apparently alters the mating type directed sequence of events during sexual conjugation is described. Haploids of the alpha mating type carrying this gene will now mate with other alpha haploids, creating diploids homozygous for the alpha mating type locus. This gene can be carried, but not expressed, in a haploids, however in a/alpha diploids homozygous for this gene mating is now possible with both a and alpha haploids giving either a/a/alpha or a/alpha/alpha triploids. Using these strains mating-deficient mutants have been isolated and preliminary results on their characterisation presented. PMID- 1107798 TI - The stoichiometry of the ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli. AB - A ribosome preparation from E. coli made without stringent washing procedures has been shown to contain the same relative amounts of nearly all the ribosomal proteins as ribosomes in intact cells. Stoichiometric measurements on all the proteins of this preparation except for L8, L20, L31 and L34 have been made using an isotope dilution technique. When the scatter of the values obtained, the uncertainty in the molecular weights, and the losses occurring during extraction are taken into account, none of the proteins except L7/L12 is present at a level significantly different from one molecule per ribosome. There are multiple copies of L7/L12. These data suggest that the ribosomes of Escherichia coli are homogeneous in vivo. PMID- 1107799 TI - Genetic control of chromosome instability in Aspergillus nidulans as a mean for gene amplification in eukaryotic microorganisms. AB - A haploid strain of Aspergillus nidulans carrying I-II duplication homozygous for the leaky mutation adE20 shows impreved growth on minimal medium. The duplication, though more stable than disomics, still shows instability. Several methods were used for detecting genetic control of improved stability. (a) visual selection, using a duplicated strain which is very unstable due to UV sensitivity, (adE20, biAl/dp yA2; uvsB). One stable strain showed a deletion (or a lethal mutation?) DISTAL TO BIA on the segment at the original position (on chromosome I). This deletion reduces crossing over frequency between the two homologous segments. As the deletion of the non-translocated segment (yelow sectors) must be preceded by crossing over, the above reduces the frequency of yellow sectors. A deletion of the translocated segment (green sectors) results in non-viability due to the deletion, and such sectors do not appear. The net result is a stable duplication involving only 12 C.O. units carrying the gene in concern. (b) Suppressors of UV sensitivity (su-uvsB) were attempted using the above uvs duplicated strain. Phenotypic revertants were easily obtained, but all were back mutations at the uvsB locus. (c) Mutations for UV resistance higher than that of the wild type were not obtained, in spite of the strong selective pressure inserted. (d) Recombination deficient mutations (rec), six altogether, all uvs+, did not have any effect on stability. PMID- 1107800 TI - Properties of plasmids produced by recombination between R factors of groups J and FII. AB - Recombinant plasmids have been produced both by transduction of genetic material from FIIR factors into Proteus mirabilis strains carrying plasmids of group J and by insertion of a transposon conferring streptomycin and trimethoprim resistances into a J group R factor. The transposon-carrying derivative and one of the transductants were shown to be members of group J whereas another transductant was shown to be compatible with members of this group. This recombinant plasmid was able to eliminate but not to be eliminable by R factors of group FII. A model for the origin of this anomalous compatibility characteristic is presented based on the assumption that the recombinant plasmid carries part but not all of a complex of binding sites for the repressor of replication [Uhlin and Nordstrom (1975)]. PMID- 1107801 TI - Genetic analysis of mutants of Escherichia coli defective in dicarboxylate transport. AB - Mutants of E.coli deficient in dicarboxylate transport can be mapped at three different loci. The dctA locus is linked to xyl and the dctB and cbt loci are linked to gal. Transduction tests reveal that the likely order of genes in the gal region is dctB-cbt-nadA-galK. PMID- 1107802 TI - Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli. III. Mutations sfiA and sfiB restore division in tif and lon strains and permit the expression of mutator properties of tif. AB - In E. coli K12, cell filamentation promoted by tif is enhanced by the lon mutation; in contrast, prophage induction and repair of UV-irradiated phage lambda, also promoted by tif, are not affected by lon. From a tif lon double mutant, "revertants" having recovered the ability to divide at 41 degrees were isolated, among which most (95%) had also lost their Lon filamentous phenotype after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. From these 95% of revertants: (1) 94% are suppressed for the whole Tif phenotype, by additional mutations that render them deficient in DNA repair, as judged from their high UV sensitivity; some have been characterized as recA mutants. (2) 1% have recovered a control on cell division at 41 degrees or after UV irradiation by means of secondary mutations altering neither the other phenotypic properties of tif and lon, nor the repair and recombination ability of the cells: in particular, this class of "revertants" remains thermoinducible upon lysogenisation; the mutations which specifically suppress filamentation have been mapped at two loci, sfiA and sfiB, cotransducible respectively with pyrD and leu. In the remaining 5% of revertants that still exhibit an UV-induced filamentous growth, 3% can be tentatively classified as true tif+ revertants; 2% behave as tif thermodependent revertants, showing suppression of the Tif (and Lon) phenotype only at 41 degrees: 2recAts have been identified in this class. Non-lysogenic tif lon sfi and tif sfi strains remain viable during prolonged growth at 41 degrees. Under these conditions, tif expresses mutator properties, which can be conveniently analyzed in this sfi background. The action of lif, lon and sfi mutations is tentatively interpreted on the basis of a negative control of cell division specifically associated with DNA repair. PMID- 1107803 TI - Biogenesis of mitochondria 40. Phenotypic suppression of a mitochondrial mutation by a nuclear gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A mutant has been isolated which carries a nuclear mutation capable of suppressing certain aspects of the phenotype imposed by a specific mitochondrial mutation. The mitochondrial mutation [tso-r] confers cold sensitivity to growth on nonfermentable substrates and resistance to oligomycin. When both the mitochondrial and nuclear mutations are present in the same cell the cell is phenotypically cold resistant but retains a high level of oligomycin resistance. The extent of cold sensitivity suppression is dependent upon other unspecified nuclear genes. The molecular basis for the suppression may involve interactions between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ATPase. PMID- 1107804 TI - Manganese mutagenesis in yeast. IV. The effects of magnesium, protein synthesis inhibitors and hydroxyurea on AntR induction in mitochondrial DNA. AB - The induction of antibiotic-resistant mutations in yeast mitochondrial DNA by manganese is decreased when the manganese-containing medium is additionally supplemented with magnesium. At equimolar concentrations of manganese and magnesium the former is no longer mutagenic. Amino acid starvation, cycloheximide, chloramphenicol and erythromycin have very little, if any, effect on the mutagenicity of manganese. Hydroxyurea itself seems to be slightly mutagenicity of manganese. Our results show that manganese acts as an error producing factor in DNA replication probably through a direct interaction with mitDNA polymerase(s). PMID- 1107805 TI - Synthesis of E colicins in Escherichia coli. AB - Mitomycin C treatment of Escherichia coli cells containing one of the ColE plasmids results in specific inhibition of chromosomal protein synthesis and a high rate of protein synthesis from about 35% of the plasmid genome, whereas similar treatment of plasmid-free cells has no measureable effect on protein synthesis. In the case of ColE2- and ColE3-containing cells, the antibiotic colicin protein (molecular weight about 78000) and two others (molecular weight about 11000 and 6000) are coordinately synthesized in the approximate molar ratio 1:4:1, while in ColE1-containing cells only the colicin protein is synthesized in large amounts. Partially purified colicin E2 isolated from the outer cell surface is associated with the two small proteins in the approximate molar ratio 1:1:1, indicating that not are they only synthesized coordinately but are released as a ternary complex. PMID- 1107806 TI - Physical studies of a plasmid mediating tetracycline resistance and hydrogen sulfide production in Escherichia coli. AB - Tetracycline resistance and hydrogen sulfide production have been previously found to be plasmid-mediated in a naturally-occurring strain of Escherichia coli; both functions are specified by a single conjugative plasmid called pIP231(Te H2S); pIP231DNA was isolated as covalently closed molecules in dye-buoyant density gradients. The base ratio of the DNA was found to be 50% GC by density gradient analysis. Electron micrographs of plasmid molecules showed a contour length of 20 +/- 2 mum (40 +/- 4 X 10(6) daltons). Between one and two copies of pIP231 molecules per host chromosome were found in E. coli K12. PMID- 1107807 TI - Genetic control of invertase formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Isolation and characterization of mutants affecting sucrose utilization. AB - Nine sucrose nonfermenting mutants have been isolated from yeast strain EK-6B, carrying the tightly linked SUC3 and MAL3 genes. These mutants are allelic to the SUC3 gene recessive in nature and none of them has detectable levels of either internal or external invertase. A single point mutation leading to the loss of both invertases suggests that either SUC3 is a control gene or codes for a polypeptide which is shared by both invertases. PMID- 1107809 TI - Genetic consequences of transfection with heterduplex bacteriophage lambda DNA. AB - The role of rectification of heteroduplex heterozygotes in the formation of recombinant genotypes involving closely linked markers has been examined. Heteroduplex molecules of bacteriophage lambda DNA, heterozygous at several alleles, have been constructed and the genetic composition of phage present in infective centers derived by transfection with such molecules has been determined. Allele loss and concomitant recombinant formation is frequent, and appears to reflect marker specificity as well as specificities imposed by whether or not the transfection recipient is permissive or nonpermissive for DNA duplication of the transfecting genome. The observations support the proposal that many, perhaps most, of the events involving separation of closely linked markers occur by rectification of non-recombinant heterozygotes. PMID- 1107808 TI - DNA repair in Proteus mirabilis. III.Survival, dimer excision, and UV reactivation in comparison with Escherichia coli K12. AB - Measurements of UV sensitivity of wildtype cells (wt) and UV senistive mutants of E. coli and P. mirabilis suggest that the increased sensitivity of P. mirabilis (wt) is due either to incomplete repair of DNA lesions or to additive lethality probably as a result of UV induction of defective phage(s) present in P. mitabilis (Taubeneck, 1967). Direct estimates of the rate of pyrimidine dimer excision and a comparison of the UV reactivation capacity of E. coli and P. mirabilis for the temperate phages lambda and pi 1, respectively, support this conclusion. PMID- 1107810 TI - Genetic analysis of mutants of Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella typhimurium LT2 deficient in hydrogenase activity. AB - A genetic study of mutants deficient in hydrogenase activity was performed. In E. coli, the affected gene (hyd) is located at 51 min, between cys C and nal B; in S. typhimurium, it probably lies in the homologous region of the chromosome. PMID- 1107811 TI - A mutant of Escherichia coli deficient in pyruvate formate lyase. AB - A genetic study was performed on a mutation which has caused loss of pyruvate formate lyase. The gene affected is designated pfl and is located close to ser C, i.e. at 20 mn on the chromosomal map of E. coli. PMID- 1107812 TI - The mating reaction in yeast. II. Spontaneous occurrence of omni-mating types. AB - Meiosis in diploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae either homozygous or heterozygous for the dmt gene result, in about 5% of the meiotic products, in spores which have undergone an interconversion at the mating-type locus. Some of these interconversions appear to be the result in the generation of spontaneous omni mating strains. This phenomenon has now been quantitated and the distribution of mating-type loci in these "natural" amni-mating types determined. PMID- 1107813 TI - Mapping of gshA, a gene for the biosynthesis of glutathione in Eschericha coli K12. AB - A mutation affecting the activity of the first enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis in E. coli K 12 has been mapped. The mutant allele called gshA is located by transduction in the pheA-nalB segment. The linkages with pheA and tyrA provide a convenient method for transfer of gshA to other strains and so introduce a very low level of non-protein sulfhydryl groups into the E. coli cells. PMID- 1107814 TI - Hyperproduction of the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase in a mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli K12 is described in which sigma and alpha subunits of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) are produced at the rates much higher than in the normal strain. The rate of synthesis for sigma subunit was found to be at least 10-times higher, though the rapid degradation of sigma polypeptides accompanied with the accelerated synthesis precludes accurate estimation of the extent of hyperproduction. The alpha subunit synthesis was about 5-times higher in this mutant than in the control, and excess alpha polypeptides produced were as stable as the bulk of protein under the conditions employed. Genetic analyses of the mutant by conjugation and by transduction with phage P1 revealed that at least three distinct but closely linked mutations are responsible for hyperproduction of the sigma subunit; one (sig-1) is located very close to rif, and the others (sig-2 and sig-3) at the argH-bfe and metB regions, respectively. The results further indicate that the accelerated synthesis of alpha subunit is due to a mutation also located at the metB region. The present finding suggests that the synthesis of sigma subunit is subject to a complex control that can be affected by a number of cellular processes. The possible involvement of the core polymerase in determining the rate of synthesis of sigma subunit is discussed. PMID- 1107815 TI - The effect of lexA and recF mutations on post-replication repair and DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - We have examined lexA1 uvrA6 and recF143 uvrBdelta derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12 for post-replication repair and DNA synthesis after UV irradiation. Compared to corresponding lex+ rec+ strains, we found that the lexA and recF cells were defective in (1) converting short DNA segments synthesized after irradiation to DNA of normal size; (2) synthesizing high molecular weight DNA after irradiation; (3) transferring pyrimidine dimers from irradiated DNA into unirradiated daughter strands. Our results support the hypothesis that after UV irradiation the formation of large DNA molecules in excision-deficient cells of E.coli depends directly or indirectly upon joining short DNA segments into longer strands, concomitant with the transfer of DNA from irradiated tamplates into unirradiated daughter strands. This process appears to require the activity of lexA and recF genes. PMID- 1107816 TI - Localized mutagenesis of the aroE-strA section of the Escherichia coli chromosome coding for ribosomal proteins. AB - In order to obtain E. coli strains altered in ribosomal proteins the following isolation technique was used: Phage P1 grown in a streptomycin resistant E. coli strain, was mutagenized by hydroxylamine or nitrous acid, and was used to transduce into a strain auxotrophic for aroE. Transductants with streptomycin resistance and aroE prototrophy were selected and tested for their growth at various temperatures (20 degrees, 30 degrees and 42 degrees) and their response to different antibiotics. Ribosomes from seventeen transductants with an altered response to temperature or antibiotics were isolated. They were tested for alterations in their ribosomal subunit profiles by sucrose centrifugation and for altered ribosomal proteins by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Two strains showed accumulation of 50S ribosomal precursors and three strains had an altered 50S protein L18. This protein belongs to the 5S RNA-protein complex having GTPase and ATPase activity. PMID- 1107817 TI - Studies on bacteriophage T7 DNA synthesis in vitro. I. Resolution of the T7 replication system into its components. AB - A soluble extract prepared from T7-infected E. coli is able to initiate DNA synthesis on an exogenous T7 DNA template. We have developed a fractionation procedure to resolve and identify the proteins required for T7 DNA synthesis. By this method we have purified the following T7 replication-related proteins (each greater than 50% pure as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis): T7 DNA-binding protein (27,000 daltons), T7 RNA polymerase (105,000 daltons), T7 DNA polymerase (gene 5-protein, 85,000 daltons, plus host-factor), T7 DNA ligase (40,000 daltons), and T7 DNA-priming protein (65,000 daltons). The T7 DNA-priming protein, synthesized between 7.5 and 15 min following infection, was not detectable if the infecting phage carried an amber mutation in gene 4. Using an in vitro complementation assay which specifically measures the stimulation of DNA synthesis in an extract prepared from T7 gene 4-mutant infected cells, we have purified the DNA-priming protein about 2,000-fold. The purified priming protein preparations are essentially free of endonuclease, exonuclease, DNA ligase and DNA polymerase activity, but they do contain measurable DNA-dependent RNA synthetic acitvity. The enzyme is rapidly inactivated by heating to 46 degrees C and by treatment with N-ethylmalemide. In the presence of T7 DNA-binding protein and all four ribonucleoside triphosphates, the DNA-priming protein enables T7 DNA polymerase to initiate DNA synthesis on intact duplex T7 DNA. Closer studies of its enzymatic function as well as of the possible roles of the other proteins in the T7 replication system will be presented in the accompanying paper. PMID- 1107818 TI - Increased spontaneous reversion of certain frameshift mutations in DNA polymerase I deficient strains of Escherichia coli. AB - A tenfold increase in the spontaneous reversion frequency of two of six lacZ frameshift mutations tested was observed in strains containing the following DNA polymerase I mutations--polA1, polA5, polA6, polAex1, res-3 and resA1. Reconstruction experiments indicated that this increase was not the result of a selective effect. Only a fourfold increase in frameshift mutations was found in strains containing a polA107 mutation. Both the polAex1 and polA107 mutations result in defective 5' to 3' exonuclease activity and do not affect polymerizing activity, but have different effects on frameshift mutation. A polA mutation on the chromosome induced frameshift mutations in a gene on an F episome. None of three auxotrophic mutations studied showed high frequency reversion in the presence of the polA1 or polA6 mutations. PMID- 1107819 TI - Compatibility properties of P1 and PhiAMP prophages. AB - Although phages P1 and PhiAmp are heteroimmune (Chesney and Scott, 1975 and Yarmolinsky, unpublished), their plasmid prophages are incompatible. Thus, the immunity and compatibility systems are two distinct regulators of phage replication. The two prophages, and plasmid P15B (Ikeda, Inzuka and Tomizawa, 1970) constitute a new compatibility group, designated Y. PMID- 1107820 TI - The biology of the sperm cell. PMID- 1107821 TI - [BCG-septicemia and mucocutaneous candidiasis due to familial combined immunodeficiency (authors transl)]. AB - The history of a patient with mucocutaneous candidiasis and BCG-septicemia is reported. Combined immunodeficiency has been diagnosed as the underlying cause. A sister of the patient died at seven months of age under similar circumstances. The importance of the immunological diagnosis in severe bacterial and mycotic infection during early infancy has been emphasized. In such cases vaccinations with life vaccine are strongly contraindicated. PMID- 1107822 TI - [In memoriam Professor Ernst Lorenz M.D]. PMID- 1107823 TI - [Clinical results with the meniscus suture]. PMID- 1107824 TI - [Dr. Bela Kellner, 1904-1975]. PMID- 1107825 TI - [Light and electron microscopic study of melanosis coli]. AB - The authors describe the results of light- and electronmicroscopic investigation of the colonic mucosa in melanosis, occurring at a 35 years old male patient. In the tunica propria mucosae pigment storage macrophages described histologically can be recognized as well by the aid of electron microscope. In contrast to the light-microscopic picture, electronmicroscopically separation of the epithelial cells of the mucosa, accumulation of foreign material in the enlarged intercellular spaces, accumulation of granular-fibrillar matrix in the tunica propria and presence of plasma cells with increased secretory activity can be revealed. It is assumed, that separation of epithelial cells of the mucosa goes with the disturbance of the absorptive function. It can not be excluded, that electronmicroscopically revealed lesions of the coolnic musoca aggravate the severe obstipation. For this reason early diagnosis of the melanosis coli and ceasing the medication with athranol-glycosida-containing laxatives are very important. PMID- 1107826 TI - Egas Moniz, pioneer of angiography and leucotomy. PMID- 1107827 TI - The doctor's image: an approach to a study of a universal ambivalence. PMID- 1107828 TI - Effects of sodium arsenite on the survival of UV-irradiated Escherichia coli: inhibition of a recA-dependent function. AB - Epidemiological studies and clinical observation suggesting potential hazards of arsenic compounds in increasing the incidence of cancer have been in complete contradiction with experimental findings in animals. Because of the predominance of skin cancers in the epidemiological reports, we decided to investigate the possibility that arsenic compounds might interfere with DNA repair. Using Escherichia coli as a test system, we show that this is indeed the case. Sodium arsenite, at concentrations of 0.1 mM and higher, decreases the survival of ultraviolet-irradiated E. coli WP2, a strain which possesses the full complement of repair genes. The effect of the arsenite increases with increasing ultraviolet dose. Similar results were obtained with the excision repair deficient strains WWP2 (uvrA) and WP6 (polA). Sodium arsenite had no effect on the survival of a recA mutant, WP10. Survival of ultraviolet-irradiated WP5 (exrA) was enhanced by sodium ardenite, the effect being greatest at low ultraviolet doses. It is postulated that arsenite inhibits a recA-dependent step in DNA repair. To account for the increased survival of the exrA mutant, we suggest that in the absence of the exr+ gene, the arsenite-sensitive recA-dependent function is deleterious. The ability of arsenite to inhibit DNA repair may account for the clinical and epidemiological reports linking arsenicals with an increased incidence of cancer. PMID- 1107829 TI - The effect of streptomycin resistance, caffeine and acriflavine on ultraviolet light-induced reversion to tryptophan independence in strains of Escherichia coli B/r. AB - When the excision proficient strain E. coli WP2 Hcr+ trp- was grown to stationary phase by glucose starvation in M-9 minimal medium before UV -irradiation, the ability of nutrient broth enrichment of minimal medium to enhance trp- leads to Trp+ reversion was greatly reduced. Less than 50% of the Trp+ revertants were found to be ochre suppressors. However, in the WWP2 Hcr- strain, 75-86% of the tested revertants were ochre suppressors. This indicates that, under the cultural conditions employed, many potential suppressor mutations were removed by excision repair in the presence of broth enrichment. Broth enhancement of reversion also occurred in the Hcr- strain, which indicates that a less error-prone mode of recombination repair functions under minimal growth conditions. An Hcr+ strr derivative of WP2 Hcr+ was more resistant than its strs parent to the lethal effect of UV light and showed a lower UV-induced Trp+ reversion frequency. The percentage of Trp+ revertants that were due to ochre suppressors was markedly reduced in the strr strain. The Hcr- strr strain also had a lower UV-induced Trp+ reversion frequency than its strs parent. The excision repair inhibitor caffeine had little effect at lower UV doses on increasing Trp+ reversion in both Hcr+ strains. Acriflavine, however, was effective at lower UV doses in enhancing reversiin of the Hcr+ strains and the degree of enhancement increased with the dose. Acriflavine appeared to specifically enhance the number of ochre suppressing Trp+ revertants. In both Hcr- strains (strs and strr) caffeine (500 mug/ml) had no effect on survival but reduced the UV-induced Trp+ reversion frequency acting as an antimutagen. In contrast, acriflavine (2 mug/ml) decreased survival and increased the Trp+ reversion frequency of the Hcr- strains. The data on spontaneous Trp+ reversion frequencies show that the Hcr+ strs strain had a higher spontaneous reversion frequency than the Hcr- strs strain on all plating media. Further, caffeine was shown to reduce spontaneous Trp+ reversion in both Hcr+ and Hcr- strains while acriflavine increased the spontaneous reversion frequencies of both strains. PMID- 1107830 TI - A kinetic analysis of spontaneous rho- mutations in yeast. AB - Spontaneous mutation to the petite state at the level of the individual cell was studied in a haploid strain of yeast by the technique of pedigree analysis. Results indicated that (1) the mutability of rho+ cells within a population in log phase is variable; (2) rho+ mitotic buds are, on the average, about 50% more mutable than the rho+ cells from which they arose; (3) the mutability of a rho+ cell tends to decrease as it produces consecutive buds: (4) the probability that a mother cell will become rho- at or immediately subsequent to cell division is, on the average, one third the probability that its bud will be rho-; (5) most, if not all spontaneous rho- mutant cells contain mitochondrial DNA as judged from suppressiveness measurements. The data indicate that the spontaneous production of a mutant cell is a multi-step process. Neither a replicative advantage of defective mitochondrial DNA nor the existence of a "master" mitochondrial genome provides a satisfactory explanation of the process. Either selective dispensation of defective mitochondria to the bud at cytokinesis or normal retention by the mother cell of factors influencing the amplification or rate of induction of defective mitochondrial DNA could be involved. PMID- 1107831 TI - Repair of UV-induced DNA damage and survival in yeast. I. Dimer excision. AB - The amount of pyrimidine dimer UV photoproduct lost from the DNA of irradiated yeast cells during dark incubation has been measured in various conditions. It was found that no dimers were lost when cells were incubated in saline. When the cells were incubated, with aeration, in a full growth medium, dimers were lost, most excision being complete within 4 h. Not all dimers were lost and the number lost was a function of UV dose. Maximum loss, amounting to 50 000 dimers per genome was observed after 4000 or 6000 erg/mm2 of UV. At higher doses, the number excised declined. Making the assumptions that dimers are the principal lethal product of UV, that a single dimer remaining in its genome is enough to prevent a cell from multiplying and that excision is the principal dark-repair process in yeast, these data were incorporated into the repair term of an expression relating survival to repair8 and it was found that the survival of yeast at doses up to 2000 erg/mm2 of UV could be quite accurately predicted. This is the first time it has been possible to account for survival in terms of measured repair. It is suggested that the divergence of the predicted and observed curves at higher doses is due to other processes known to exist in yeast. PMID- 1107832 TI - Ethidium bromide mutagenesis in yeast: protection by anaerobiosis. AB - The mutagenesis by ethidium bromide, an intercalating dye, which induces the mutation from wild type (rho+) to the cytoplasmic respiratory deficient petite (rho-) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. During growth of anaerobic cells at pH 6.5, ethidium bromide at a concentration of 2 mug/ml is unable to induce rho- mutants whereas under aerobic conditions the entire population is converted into rho- cells within 1 generation at the same drug concentration. With ethidium bromide 10 mug/ml 98% of the anaerobic cells are transformed into rho- in 5.5 h (more than 2 generations). In non-growing conditions, ethidium bromide 10 mug/ml has no effect in anaerobic cells. 3 h adapted cells used as control, are converted into rho- in 8 h. Increasing the ethidium bromide concentration to 20 mug/ml resulted in the appearance of some rho- mutants in the anaerobic population but marked at the same time the onset of a detectable toxic effect of the drug. PMID- 1107833 TI - Frequency of nonsense mutations (amber and ochre) induced by UV light in the ura3 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 1107834 TI - Chloropropanol, a mutagenic residue resulting from propylene oxide sterilization. PMID- 1107835 TI - Treatment of Parkinson's disease with aporphines. Possible role of growth hormone. AB - To avoid the main drawbacks of prolonged treatment with levodopa (involuntary movements and the "on-off" phenomenon), we administered apomorphine by mouth to 14 patients with Parkinson's disease. This treatment caused azotemia, which we circumvented by switching to N-propylnoraporpine, whose nephrotoxic dose (80 mg six times per day) was larger than its therapeutic dose (10 to 15 mg six times per day). Slowly increasing doses induced significant improvement (P less than 0.005) in all 24 patients studied, transitory mental aberrations in seven, and release of growth hormone in three patients tested. In patients previously on prolonged levodopa administration, the dyskinesia and "on-off" phenomenon were almost identical with N-propylnoraporphine, but both drawbacks were reduced or abolished in six patients by coadministration of alpha-methyldopa hydrazine plus levodopa. This coadministration seemed to abolish tachyphylaxis. We conclude that N-propylnoraporphine is very useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1107836 TI - Detection of a liver-membrane autoantibody in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis. AB - Investigation of humoral immunity against hepatocellular membrane antigens in patients with chronic active hepatitis and other liver diseases showed two different immunofluorescence patterns of IgG on hepatocyte membranes. A linear pattern was seen in HBsAg-negative hepatitis, but HBsAg-positive cases and some of protracted, acute hepatitis B had a granular pattern. In patients with IgG bound to hepatocytes, continuing necrosis of parenchymal liver cells was seen. Conversely, hepatocytes without bound IgG were found in cases of chronic active hepatitis in remission, acute viral hepatitis without HBsAg and chronic persistent hepatitis, in "healthy" HBsAg-carriers and in patients with fatty liver or alcoholic cirrhosis. A liver-membrane autoantibody in serum, proved by fixation on membranes of isolated rabbit hepatocytes, could be demonstrated only in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis with elevated IgG-concentrations. The results support the existence of different pathogenetic types of chronic active hepatitis, a so-called autoimmune type and a hepatitis virus-B-induced type. PMID- 1107837 TI - Letter: Duration of home health services. PMID- 1107838 TI - Massachusetts Medical Society. Resolution concerning the safety and freedom of doctor Mikhail Shtern. PMID- 1107839 TI - Binding of drugs to serum albumin (first of two parts). PMID- 1107840 TI - Alice Hamilton, M.D., and women's welfare. PMID- 1107841 TI - Letter: Post-renal-transplant hypertension. PMID- 1107842 TI - Secretory component deficiency. A disorder of the IgA immune system. AB - We studied a 15-year-old boy with chronic intestinal candidiasis who had normal serum IgA levels without IgA in his secretions. There was an elevated number of peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing surface IgA. In addition, the lymphocytes cultured in vitro with pokeweed mitogen produced IgA as well as other immunoglubulins. Despite this evidence of normal IgA synthetic capacity, the patient had greatly diminished levels of IgA in the saliva and jejunal fluid, and, as estimated by 14C-L-leucine incorporation, could not synthesize IgA locally at intestinal-mucosal sites. Finally, the patient had no detectable free secretory component in saliva or jejunal fluid in contrast to normal persons and to patients with IgA deficiency. The basis of this disorder is probably a defect in the homing of IgA precursor cells to secretory sites or in the selective proliferation/differentiation of IgA cells at such sites. PMID- 1107843 TI - Etiologic heterogeneity of neural-tube defects. AB - We classified 106 stillborn and live-born infants with anencephaly, meningomyelocele, meningocele and encephalocele according to the recognized causes of these malformations. Six different causes were identified, including both genetic and nongenetic disorders; 12 per cent had nongenetic disorders, a chromosome abnormality, or an encephalocele as part of the autosomal recessive Meckel syndrome. Therefore, for this 12 per cent genetic counseling normally provided for isolated anencephaly, meningomyelocele or encephalocele would have been incorrect. If all infants were considered together regardless of cause, the precurrence and recurrence rates of similar malformations in the sibs were 5.2 and 1.7 per cent respectively. However, if infants with other disorders, especially the Meckel syndrome, were excluded, the precurrence and recurrence rates for isolated anencephaly, meningomyelocele and encephalocele among white infants were only 1.7 per cent and 0 per cent. These rates are much lower than the risk of 5 per cent currently being used in genetic counseling in the United States. PMID- 1107844 TI - Ambulatory electrocardiography for diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 1107845 TI - Letter: Avascular necrosis of bone after renal transplantation. PMID- 1107846 TI - Letter: Do you want a pathologist or microbiologist? PMID- 1107847 TI - Letter: Veterans Administration physicians and loyalty. PMID- 1107849 TI - A bibliography of blastomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis. PMID- 1107848 TI - Letter: Iatrogenic socioeconopathy. PMID- 1107851 TI - Motility, diffusion and cell concentration affect pair formation in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1107850 TI - Persistence of tetracycline resistance in pig E. coli. PMID- 1107852 TI - Release of eosinophil chemotactic factor from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils by calcium ionophore A23187 and phagocytosis. PMID- 1107853 TI - Immunohistochemical localisation of S-100 protein in brain. PMID- 1107854 TI - Letter: Immunohistochemical localisation of S-100 protein in brain. PMID- 1107855 TI - Evidence that mutations in the suA polarity suppressing gene directly affect termination factor rho. PMID- 1107856 TI - Quinacrine (atebrin): interactions with RNA and with ribosomes. PMID- 1107857 TI - [Cytological studies of cervix uteri. II. Results of cytological studies]. PMID- 1107858 TI - [Tolbutamide controversy; falling into the pit sobbing]. PMID- 1107859 TI - [Diagnosis of postoperative thrombosis and prevention by means of coumarin derivatives]. PMID- 1107860 TI - [Low doses subcutaneously administered heparin as thrombosis prevention in surgery]. PMID- 1107862 TI - [Letter: Strumpell or Babinski?]. PMID- 1107861 TI - [Postoperative thrombosis prevention with dextran]. PMID- 1107863 TI - Silver anniversary. PMID- 1107864 TI - My 50 years of medical learning. PMID- 1107865 TI - The physiological, neurological, and behavioral bases of thirst. PMID- 1107866 TI - Intracranial self-stimulation pathways as substrate for memory consolidation. PMID- 1107867 TI - Motivation as central organizing process: the psychophysical approach to its functional and neurophysiological analysis. PMID- 1107868 TI - Brain stimulation and behavior control. PMID- 1107869 TI - Brain reward and aversion systems in the control of feeding and sexual behavior. PMID- 1107870 TI - [Academician A. A. Ukhtomskii (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 1107871 TI - [Spain--the cradle of psychiatry? A contribution to the history of the rudimental social psychiatry and psycholohygiene]. PMID- 1107872 TI - [Fisher's syndrome, a special form of the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome]. PMID- 1107873 TI - Gluten-sensitive enteropathy and intestinal lymphoreticulosis. A case report. PMID- 1107874 TI - Effect of daily glucocorticoid treatment on arterial pressure and plasma volume in man. PMID- 1107875 TI - In vitro study of bovine oligodendroglia. AB - Oligodendroglia were prepared by 'Ficoll' density gradient centrifugation from the centrum ovale of fetal and adult bovine brains. When cultivated in Rose Chambers, and provided an air bubble was included in the chamber during the cultivation, processes developed on cells around the circumference of the bubble. A sizeable air phase seems to be important for process formation in isolated bovine glial preparations. Various culture systems, media and additions to the cultures were examined for their effect on the behavior of the cultures. Fibroblast overgrowth occurred in oligodendroglial cultures from fetal brains in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) but not in medium 199 supplemented with 2.5% FBS. PMID- 1107876 TI - [Recent progress in plastic surgery, especially on craniofacial surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107877 TI - [Some observations on prognosis in congenital hydrocephalus (second report) -with reference to the physical handicap in survival cases (author's transl)]. AB - The prognosis of surgically treated congenital hydrocephalus has lately proven to give a remarkably increased expectation of life for patient. However, numerous reports hve shown that the prognosis of congenital hydrocephalus have not always shown favourable turns from the viewpoints of physical and mental disability. This problem has been considered many times over the past years. But, an important problem has been left unsolved. The children of social and physical disability are most serious problem, so we attempt to obain a new interpretation about the influence factors upon the prognosis. Present report consists of follow up studies of long surviving patients who have studied the fatty acid metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid during postoperatively, the influeence on prognosis of complicated central nervous system malformation and discussed motor and mental disability in survival cases. Since lipids are essential factors in composing the brain tissues, quantitative composition of fatty acid inC.S.F. was determined by the method of gaschromatography using the arachidic acid as an indicator... PMID- 1107878 TI - [Biomechanical study of cerebral arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107879 TI - [Spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107880 TI - An ultrastructural and radioimmunoassay study of anterior pituitary somatotrophs following pituitary portal vessel infusion of growth hormone releasing factor. AB - The hypophysial portal vessels and anterior pituitary glands of adult male rats were surgically exposed, cannulated and infused for 1 min with saline, growth hormone-releasing factor (GH-RF), and dbcAMP. After cessation of infusion, anterior pituitary glands were collected at 1, 5, 15, 30 or 60 min for electron microscopic and ultrastructural cytochemical examination. Before and after cannulation of a portal vessel a 1-ml sample of blood was collected at 1, 5, 15, 30 or 60 min from the femoral vein for RIA of growth hormone. When viewed ultrastructurally, the initial response following the infusion of GH-RF into a portal vessel was one of granule release. Emiocytic activity was observed at all time intervals studied. This response was followed 30 min later by evidence of increased protein synthesis. Significant increases in plasma GH levels were present at 1, 5, and 15 min following infusion of GH-RF but not at 30 or 60 min. Preliminary analysis of the RIA data suggests that dbcAMP was significantly more potent than GH-RF in elevating radioimmunoassayable plasma GH levels. The results suggest that similar mechanisms of synthesis and release were involved. PMID- 1107881 TI - Effects of coincubation of the pituitary and hypothalamus of intact and castrate male rats and the influence of LH-RH on pituitary 5 alpha-reductase activity1,2. AB - Pituitary 5 alpha-reductase activity in intact male rats increases after the pituitary is incubated with the hypothalamus. Incubating the pituitary of castrate rats with the hypothalamus of intact rats relatively inhibits pituitary 5alpha-reductase activity. Coincubation of the pituitary and hypothalamus of castrate rats, or the pituitary of intact with the hypothalamus of castrate males, does not elicit changes in pituitary 5alpha-reductase activity. Different amounts of LH-RH in the incubation medium can modify 5alpha-reductase activity, i.e., activate it in the intact pituitary and inhibit it in the castrate pituitary. Hypothalamus from intact rats, which according to SHIN et al. [1974] is 'rich' in LH-RH, induces changes in pituitary 5alpha-reductase activity. The LH-RH-'poor' hypothalamus of castrate rats does not cause changes in this enzyme activity. The results suggest that there is a very close relationship between LH RH and 5alpha-reductase activity in the pituitary. PMID- 1107882 TI - Transluminal retrieval of ventriculoatrial shunt catheters from the heart and great vessels: a new method. PMID- 1107883 TI - Effect of propranolol on essential tremor. AB - The investigators tested the effect of 120 mg propranolol daily on 21 patients with essential tremor using a double-blind cross-over method and electrical recording of tremor amplitude and frequency. The patients varied in age between 15 and 60 years and had a mean tremor frequency of 10 cps. Propranolol had no effect on the tremor frequency but reduced the amplutide in 15 of the patients. Propranolol was most effective in older patients and in those with slow tremor frequencies. PMID- 1107884 TI - [Late pulmonary complications after renal transplantation]. PMID- 1107885 TI - [Use of sociometric technics in small military groups]. PMID- 1107886 TI - [Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. The Summerskill-Walshe syndrome]. PMID- 1107887 TI - [Biological and clinical effects of methylpartricin on Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans]. PMID- 1107888 TI - [Metabolic changes in chronic uremia and their modification after low-protein diet, periodic dialysis and renal transplantation]. PMID- 1107889 TI - [Biohumoral findings and clinical and instrumental symptomatology in acute graft rejection]. PMID- 1107890 TI - [Extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. Clinical and histological study of 53 cases]. PMID- 1107891 TI - [Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Clinical, biological and histological study of 31 cases]. PMID- 1107892 TI - Adrenal imaging with 131I-19-iodocholesterol following long-term alternate-day steroids. PMID- 1107893 TI - Prophylactic clindamycin for neurosurgical patients. PMID- 1107894 TI - Obituary: Ronald Hugh Caughey. PMID- 1107895 TI - Harry Black. PMID- 1107896 TI - Letter: Skin grafts and leg ulcers. PMID- 1107897 TI - Incoming president's address. The past and the future. PMID- 1107898 TI - The dental society of the state of New York--past presidents. PMID- 1107899 TI - A brief history of advertising by dentists in the state of New York. PMID- 1107900 TI - Temporary resin bonded fixed multiple tooth prosthesis. PMID- 1107901 TI - Odontophilately. PMID- 1107902 TI - Prescribing problems in the second half of pregnancy and during lactation. PMID- 1107903 TI - Dysmenorrhea and prostaglandins. PMID- 1107904 TI - Masculinizing ovarian tumors. AB - In a study of 194 masculinizing ovarian tumors from the Ovarian Tumor Registry, the criteria for reclassifying these tumors on a histologic basis are discussed. It is proposed that the terms "gynandroblastoma" and "arrhenoblastoma" be discarded in favor of "gonadal stromal," and that the general classification of "lipoid tumor" can be avoided if careful search is made for specific histologic structures. Finally, it is suggested that the malignancy rate for gonadal stromal tumors, Sertoli-Leydig tumors, hilus cell tumors and adrenal rest tumors is closer to 5% rather than 25-30%. PMID- 1107905 TI - Placenta percreta. AB - A patient with an unsuspected placenta percreta presented with intraperitoneal bleeding at 33 weeks' gestation. Because of the clinical picture and a lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of 1:1, this patient was treated conservatively until 38 weeks' gestation when an L/S ratio test indicated fetal maturity. The pregnancy was successfully terminated by cesarean hysterectomy. PMID- 1107906 TI - Pregnancy in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. AB - A case of successful gestation, delivery, and postpartum recovery in a woman with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is presented. The rarity of pregnancy in patients with PNH and the nature and high rate of complications in such cases are discussed. Finally, suggestions are made for both antepartum and postpartum management of these unusual and complicated pregnancies. PMID- 1107907 TI - Pregnancy associated with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. AB - A case of a 30-year-old female with secondary amenorrhea and relative hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is presented. The patient demonstrated persistently elevated levels of gonadotropins in spite of clinical and laboratory evidence of estrogen production. Laparoscopic directed biopsy revealed a total absence of ova, but in spite of this finding, conception ensued. Variations in ovarian sensitivity throughout the female reproductive period and in certain pathologic states are discussed, as well as the apparent limitation of single laparoscopic directed biopsies for confirming the diagnosis of premature menopause. Finally, the theoretical use of exogenous estrogen to induce ovulation in patients with the ovarian insensitivity syndrome is discussed. PMID- 1107908 TI - Antenatal infection: adequate protection against hyaline membrane disease? AB - It has been argued that fetal and placental infections decrease the incidence of hyaline membrane disease (HMD). However, others contend that this is not so. We performed a rigidly controlled clinicopathologic investigation of one group of infants with evidence of severe antenatal infection compared with another group free of infection. This study shows that placental infection correlated positively with neonatal sepsis and that in this series of patients neither infection nor prolonged rupture of membranes is associated with a decrease of HMD. Our data do not support the proposal that antenatal infections protect the neonate against later development of HMD. PMID- 1107909 TI - Topical 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the vulva. AB - The clinical and pathologic response of carcinoma in situ of the vulva in a 42 year-old woman treated with topical 5-fluorouracil is reported. Except for one persistent area of involvement in the anal region which required local excision, the result of treatment was excellent, with no evidence of recurrence after 2 years' followup. This important adjunct in the treatment of intra-epithelial carcinoma deserves long-range investigation. PMID- 1107911 TI - Serum FSH and synthetic LHRG response in pregnant women at term and in the newborn. AB - Serum immunoreactive FSH was undetectable in a) pregnant women past 38 weeks of gestation, b) newborn infants, and c) anencephalic infants. The intravenous administration of 100 mug of synthetic LHRH elicited no FSH release in each instance. These results seem to indicate that the absence of FSH in serum in pregnant women in the last trimester, as well as in the newborn, is due to the suppressive effect on the anterior pituitary of the increased amount of circulating sex steroids. PMID- 1107910 TI - Pleuroperitoneal endometriosis. AB - A nearly unique case is presented of pleural and peritoneal endometriosis with bloody pleural effusion and 4700 cc of bloody ascites. Theories of pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and treatment are discussed. This represents another of the protean manifestations of endometriosis to complement the many others described in the literature. PMID- 1107912 TI - [Bacteriological sampling in the control of intracanal sterility]. PMID- 1107913 TI - [Surgical treatment of eye burns complicated by infiltrates and destruction of corneal stroma]. PMID- 1107914 TI - [Cataract extraction with preliminary total iridotomy and sutures of the iris]. PMID- 1107915 TI - [Boris Leonidovich Radzikhovskii]. PMID- 1107916 TI - [Scleroplasty in severe eye injuries and their sequelae]. PMID- 1107917 TI - [Histoenzymological study of the tissues of the human cornea during the process of their preservation]. PMID- 1107918 TI - [Anatolii Georgievich Vasiutinskii (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 1107919 TI - Clinical evaluation of two weekly dose schedules of 'IC-140'. 4-N, N-bis (2 Chloroethyl) amino phenyl N (P-carboxyphenyl) carbamate, in the treatmentment of solid tumors 1,2. AB - 53 patients with intractable malignant diseases that were treated with a new alkylating agent, 4-N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl) amino phenyl N (P-carboxyphenyl) carbanate, also knows as 'IC-140' were evaluated. The records of an additional 41 patients entered on this study could not be assessed from the standpoint of toxicity. At the dose level of 150 mg/m2/week, severe leukopenia (less than 2,000) and thrombocytopenia ( less than 75,000) were encountered in 23 of 34 patients. On the other hand, at the 100 mg/m2/week dose level, the severe toxicity was reduced to 8 out of 19 patients. Tumor response was evaluated in 43 patients. The overall response was 23% (29% at the 150 mg/m2, 13% at the 100 mg/m2) and the duration of the response varied from 3 to 32 weeks with a mean duration of 13 weeks. Responses were noted in patients with ovarian, renal, lung, hepatic, breast carcinomas and lymphosarcoma. PMID- 1107920 TI - The trophoblast theory of cancer (John Beard, 1857-1924) revisited. AB - Beard's theory can be restated in a modified form in modern terms in the following way. Cancer represents primarily trophoblastic tissue derived either from an aberrant germ cell or from a somatic cell whose normally repressed 'asexual generation' genes are abnormally reactivated ('derepressed'). The variety of tumors, other than teratomas, may be due to a parallel chance derepression of some genes of somatic ('sexual gneration') characters. This would be a defensive reaction against intramural parasitization by trophoblast and would result in the differentiation and hyperplasia of normally present more primative somatic cells. PMID- 1107921 TI - The beginnings of anatomy in Japan. PMID- 1107922 TI - Labor relations and the nurse: an overview. PMID- 1107923 TI - Comparison of tissue reaction to nylon and prolene sutures in rabbit iris and cornea. AB - The tissue reaction in rabbit iris and cornea to prolene suture is equivalent to the tissue reaction to nylon suture. The prolene suture retains its tensile strength indefinitely and this may make it particularly useful in situations where a permanent suture is desired, such as in refractive keratoplasty, scleral buckle, or to suture an intraocular lens to the iris. The prolene suture also has a greater elasticity and this property may be advantageous in some clinical applications. We feel that a clinical study on humans is now warranted and we have started such a study. PMID- 1107924 TI - Guidelines for indications of intraocular lens implantation and selection of the proper lens. PMID- 1107925 TI - The evaluation of 7-0 Polyglactin 910 suture in cataract surgery. AB - The new synthetic absorbable suture, Polyglactin 910, represents a significant step toward absorbable suture perfection. In 218 cataract surgical procedures, the performance of Polyglactin 910 was compared to that of Chromic Catgut and Chromic Collagen. The results obtained in this series of cases is the basis for this article. When compared to Chromic Catgut and Chromic Collagen, Polyglactin 910 consistently provided greater tensile strength, improved handling, significantly decreased tissue reaction, more batch-to-batch uniformity, superior wound tensile strength retention, and a predictable absorption rate that is virtually completed in 35 days. Both nonprotein and nonantigenic, Polyglactin 910 evoked less tissue reaction and proved more versatile and reliable than either of the other sutures. PMID- 1107926 TI - Immunization of mice and guinea-pigs against Salmonella dublin infection with live and inactivated vaccine. AB - The immunogenicity of a number of avirulent rough Salmonella dublin mutants was compared in mice and guinea-pigs. Live vaccine prepared from Strain HB 1/17 at doses of 5 X 10(7) per mouse usually gave an immunity of between 70 and 80% but in certain experiments the results were more variable and always poorer. This strain gave a cross protection of 28,5% to S. typhimurium in mice. In guinea-pigs it evoked an average protection of approximately 46% to homologous challenge and approximately 26% to challenge with S. tryphimurium. Strain 5765 protected up to 80% of mice against S. dublin infection and was generally superior to Strain HB 1/17 in this respect. It was, however, less effective in protecting mice against S. tryphimurium (20%). In guinea-pigs it was also less effective than Strain HB 1/17, giving 34% protection against homologous and 20% against heterologous challenge. Other strains also produced immunity in mice but they were not studied in detail. Formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated vaccine prepared from avirulent smooth strain and containing 0,5% packed cells proved to be extremely effective in protecting mice against S. dublin infection. It produced an average immunity of 75% and was often 100% effective. It also protected 60% of mice against challenge with S. tryphimurium. In guinea-pigs it was, however, totally ineffective against challenge with both S. dublin and S. tryphimurium. PMID- 1107927 TI - A fixation artifact simulating acantholytic disease. PMID- 1107928 TI - Infected total hip replacement after dental procedures. AB - Three cases are reported in which there was a worrisome association between dental work and an infected total hip replacement. The patients had long asymptomatic intervals subsequent to implantation of prosthetic hip joints. After dental procedures, infections became apparent in these hips. Such infections carry an enormous and crippling morbidity. The potential complications of transient bacteremia in the patient with a cardiac valvular prosthesis are appreciated and the importance of prophylactic antibodies for dental work in such patients is well known. Although we emphasize that there is no proof that the infections in our patients were metastatic from the mouth, the sequence of events is suggestive. We recommend prophylactic antibiotics for dental work in the patient with a total hip replacement. PMID- 1107929 TI - A fractured mandible, from initial operation to removal of tantalum mesh. Report of a case. AB - Report is made of a case of fracture of the angle of the mandible. Treatment was attempted with the Sampson pericortical bone clamp, but was unsuccessful. Routine use of intraosseous wire led to a localized osteomyelitis, without union of the fracture. Treatment then was made with a particulate marrow graft contained within a tantalum mesh screen. The screen was removed 30 months postoperatively. PMID- 1107930 TI - Beethoven's deafness. PMID- 1107931 TI - [Osteosynthesis of pseudarthroses of the navicular bone of the wrist with a screw from a bone homotransplant]. PMID- 1107932 TI - [Academician Aleksei Alekseevich Ukhtomskii (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 1107933 TI - [The effect of inotropic lidocaine]. PMID- 1107934 TI - [E coli O 124 malabsorption enteritis simulating celiac disease]. PMID- 1107935 TI - [Geza Petenyi (1889-1965)]. PMID- 1107936 TI - [Dr. Renee Fono, 1908-1975]. PMID- 1107937 TI - [Klebsiella-pneumonia in low-birth-weight newborn infants. Cumulative incidence in a premature department]. PMID- 1107938 TI - [Rene Leriche, pioneer of the functional trend in surgery]. PMID- 1107939 TI - [Ferenc Gerlei]. PMID- 1107940 TI - [Erno Schwimmer, first Hungarian professor of dermatology]. PMID- 1107941 TI - [Ferenc Schraud]. PMID- 1107942 TI - [Letter: Polya's contribution to the pathogenesis of pancreatitis]. PMID- 1107943 TI - [Letter: Music therapy in the 18th century]. PMID- 1107944 TI - Prosthesis after maxillectomy. PMID- 1107945 TI - The management of far-advanced human and animal tumors by perfusion. PMID- 1107946 TI - Circulatory reflexes in tetraplegics during artifical ventilation and general anaesthesia. AB - The arterial blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiograph were recorded, and plasma electrolytes, arterial blood gases and pH, and plasma catecholamines were estimated in seven patients with physiologically complete cervical spinal cord transections who needed intermittent possitive pressure ventilation (I.P.P.V.) or were undergoing urological surgery under general anaesthesia. In the tetraplegics on I.P.P.V., bradycardia, and in two patients even cardiac arrest, occurred during tracheal suction, especially in the presence of hypoxia. In one tetraplegic being anaesthetised, cardiac arrest occurred during endotracheal intubation. This reflex bradycardia and cardiac arrest appeared to be due to a vago-vagal reflex, unopposed by sympathetic activity or by the pulmonary (inflation) vagal reflex. Atropine was effective in preventing this reflex. In the tetraplegics undergoing urological surgery, severe hypertension resulting from visceral stimulation was effectively reduced by halothane. In these patients, control of arterial blood pressure with lower concentrations of halothane may also be achieved with I.P.P.V. PMID- 1107947 TI - [Hemostasis and the pathogenetic classification of coagulation disorders]. PMID- 1107948 TI - [In vitro synthesis of the lymphocyte-activating factor under conditions of clinical allotransplantation]. PMID- 1107949 TI - [Vitalii Davidovich Lindenbraten (on his 50th birthday)]. PMID- 1107950 TI - [Prof. Janina Kowalczykowa (1907-1970)]. PMID- 1107951 TI - [Ulcerative enterocolitis in infants]. PMID- 1107952 TI - Gonadotropin and testosterone measurements after estrogen administration to adult men, prepubertal and pubertal boys, and men with hypogonadotropism: evidence for maturation of positive feedback in the male. AB - Nineteen male subjects were fiven five daily injections of 17beta-estradiol and circulating levels of estradiol (E2), testerone (T), and gonadotropins were determined by radioimmunoassay before, during, and after the steroid course. Peak levels of E2 attained during the 5 days of treatment ranged from 173-577 pg/ml. Four of seven normal adult men and one castrate man demonstrated suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) with a subsequent rise in LH (positive feedback) while E2 levels remained elevated. A rise in T was associated with the LH increment in the four normal men. Nine pre-, early, or midpubertal boys and two men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism displayed only gonadotropin suppression after E2 administration. The difference in LH response to estrogen (i.e., positive feedback) between the adult men with normal or elevated gonadotropin levels as compared with the endocrinologically normal boys is significant (P less than 0.01). PMID- 1107953 TI - A review: relation between invasiveness and the K1 capsular polysaccharide of Escherichia coli. AB - The conclusions from our studies to date may be summarized as follows. (1) Invasive E. coli strains causing neonatal meningitis are encapsulated. At least 80% of those strains inducing mengitis are K1 and approximately 40% of those strains isolated from infants with septicemia but without meningitis are also K1. Invasiveness is best related to the K1 antigen and not to E. coli O and H antigens. (2) The capsular content of CSF strains is not related to their invasiveness. In contrast to observations reporting higher K capsular polysaccharide content and molecular weight of E. coli invading the renal parenychma as compared with those E. coli confined to the bladder or in the stool, there were no differences among DSF K1 strains. Sepculation as to the mechanism of the invasive properties conferred by acidic capsular polysaccharides may be derived from the literature. Unencapsulated or "rough bacteria" are susceptible to the bactericidal action of agammaglobulinemice sera (15, 53). When injected into precolostral (agammaglobulinemic but complement containing), cesarian-delivered, and antigen-deprived piglets, unencapsulated bacteria are rapidly cleared from the circulation. In contrast, smooth bacteria injected into these same animals circulate without detectable splenic or hepatic clearance, multiply, and result in the death of these animals. The mechanism of the resistance of encapsulated bacteria has been postulated to be due to the inaccessibility of the deep somatic antigen structures capable of activating the alternate complement pathway system. Thus, opsoninization and other host complement-dependent activities may of necessity be antibody mediated for encapsulated bacteria. This complement resistance of encapsulated organisms may be quanititative and studies should be done to determine differences among various K1 E. coli strains. (3) K1 strains are widely prevalent among infants, children, and adults and are quickly transmitted to infants. In most cases the source of the infecting strain in diseased infants is the mother. However, transmission from attendants, demonstrable in our studies, is also a possible mechanism. (4) A protective role of serum anticapsular antibodies in animal models has been demonstrated. Our initial observations indicating low serum K1 antibodies in the general population and the finding that K1 antibodies are predominantly IgM in two animal species studied so far suggest that colostral K1 antibodies may be important in conferring immunity to this disease. PMID- 1107954 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Maria Rudolf-Skokowska]. PMID- 1107955 TI - One of the earliest American case reports of a child with congenital heart disease (1816). PMID- 1107956 TI - Wilson's disease in Turkey, a review of 49 cases in 41 families. PMID- 1107957 TI - [Dr. Ross Golden]. PMID- 1107958 TI - Associate Degree Nursing Programs accredited by the National League for Nursing, 1976. PMID- 1107959 TI - A combined basic-graduate program for college graduates. PMID- 1107961 TI - Bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 1107960 TI - Topical application of insulin in the treatment of decubitus ulcers: a pilot study. AB - To test the hypothesis that there will be a significantly greater increase in the rate of healing of decubitus ulcers in subjects who receive topical insulin therapy than in subjects who receive other forms of therapy, a pilot study was conducted, utilizing a two-group before and after design. Decubitus ulcers of six experimental group subjects were treated with a topical application of ten units of regular insulin twice a day for five days; eight control group subjects received one of a variety of topical therapies other than insulin. Data were collected on all subjects for a 15-day period. Although generalizations cannot be based on the results of 14 subjects, data analysis showed that insulin was a safe and effective agent in the healing of small, uncomplicated decubitus ulcers. The results appear to warrant a more extensive study of the subject. PMID- 1107962 TI - How drugs act. 30. The safety of drugs. PMID- 1107963 TI - Mrs Bedford Fenwick--SRN 1. PMID- 1107964 TI - A nursing home prepares for tomorrow's crunch. PMID- 1107965 TI - Nursing care study: Lobar necessitating ventilation in a poliomyelitis victim. PMID- 1107966 TI - [Preleukemia]. PMID- 1107967 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 1107968 TI - Interactions between serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems in the brain. PMID- 1107969 TI - Antiserotonin agents in the treatment of migraine. AB - The authors present the results of own investigations about the use of both pizotifen (SandomigranR) and cyproheptadine (PeritolR). 32 sufferers were treated with pizotifen and showed positive improvement in 68% of the cases. In this group no serious side effects were found. 20 patients before administration of the drug had placebo and this helped to establish the results statistically. 25 sufferers were treated with cyproheptadine and equally positive results in 64% of the cases. In this group were noted infrequent side effects. The results of the two tests were compared with the results of other tests done with other drug. From this it has been established that the antiserotonin drugs are the most effective at present in the treatment of migraine. PMID- 1107970 TI - Disturbances in tryptophan and serotonin metabolism in affective psychoses and schizophrenia. PMID- 1107971 TI - Potential biologically active agents. IX. Synthesis of N-piperidino-(morpholino) methylisatin-3-anils. AB - Sixteen N-piperidino-(morpholino)-methylisatin-3-anils have been synthesised and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. PMID- 1107972 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Jozef Marian Dackiewicz]. PMID- 1107973 TI - [Bibliography of Polish urology during the years 1970-1971]. PMID- 1107974 TI - [In memoriam: Prof. Jan Mossakowski]. PMID- 1107975 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Teobald Adamczak]. PMID- 1107976 TI - [Effect of various methods of skin preservation and storage on the duration of its adherence to the graft bed]. PMID- 1107977 TI - [Polyester tendon for atraumatic cervical suture during pregnancy]. AB - There are presented the attempts of operative treatment of so called habitual abortions resulting from uterine cervix insufficiency. Two groups of operations were distinguished, based on the methods of Shirodkar and McDonald. Advantages and disadvantages of these operations, and their modifications used in obstetrical clinical practice are discussed. The importance of the selection of suitable material for the suture was pointed out. The authors developed an atraumatic needle provided with a polyester tendon. There are shown advantageous clinical resutls in 56 patients, out of whom 48 have given birth to viable children. Abortions occurred in 3 cases, premature deliveries in 3 and immature deliveries in 2. PMID- 1107978 TI - [Study of the antibacterial activity of ftorlon threads]. AB - The study concerned antibacterial properties of the ftorlon threads obtained from acetone or dimethylformamide polymer solution containing antibacterial derivatives of 5-nitrofuran added which were known to be active against the germs most commonly causing the postoperative infection including Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Candida type fungi. Basing of the laboratory test following the method of infected medium and suspension method it was found that the best effects were obtained when using threads produced from the acetone polymer solution added with beta-(5-nitrofuryl 2)-acroleine and those containing furazolidone obtained from acetone or dimethylformamide polymer solution. Antibacterial properties of the ftorlon threads did not change upon autoclaving, gamma irradiation and prolonged storage. PMID- 1107979 TI - Review of recent advances of lead in clinical research. PMID- 1107980 TI - Lead and haemoglobin synthesis: a review. PMID- 1107981 TI - [The changing function of the chest physician (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107982 TI - [The development of chest surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107983 TI - [50 years of silicosis control (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107984 TI - [In memory of Karl Unholtz]. PMID- 1107985 TI - [Mexico City and the environmental improvement at the beginning of the 17th century in Diego Cisneros' works]. PMID- 1107986 TI - [The addition of folic acid to the ironsubstitution during pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1107987 TI - A corner of history. Andrija Stampar 1888-1958. PMID- 1107988 TI - [Method for producing spheroplasts from yeast cells]. AB - A method for producing spheroplasts from yeast cells has been developed. The method involves: 1) prefreezing and thawing of cells in the minimal nutrient medium; 2) treatment with the mixture of 86 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 5% sodium dodecylsulphate and 6% Triton X-100; 3) enzymic digestion by the digestive juice of grape helix. The formation of spheroplasts was controlled by microscopy and measurement of the optic density of the spheroplast suspension in the incubation medium and in 1% sodium dodecylsulphate. The method has been successfully tested on some bakery yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces paradoxus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces globosus, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. PMID- 1107989 TI - [Primary classification of beer infecting yeast by a combined test]. AB - The paper describes the use of crystal-violet and lysine containing media to detect yeast infection in brewing and to classify it. The crystal-violet containing medium helps to separate brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis from wild yeast of the Saccharomyces genus, whereas the lysine containing medium--from wild yeast of the genera Candida, Debaryomyces, Brethanomyces, Pichia. The test has been used both on museum cultures and on yeast isolated from beer and non-alcoholic beverages. PMID- 1107990 TI - [Method for determining methionine in plant material]. AB - Methionine was determined in corn, barley, oat, wheat, rye, pea, vetch by the two methods: the microbiological method using the methionine deficient mutant of E. coli and the method using the Hd1200E amino acid analyzer. The results showed a good agreement between the data obtained by the two methods. PMID- 1107991 TI - [Amino acid structure of autolysates and hydrolysates of baker's yeast in commercial amino acid mixtures]. PMID- 1107992 TI - [Bactericidal properties of volatile fractions of garlic phytoncids]. AB - Changes in the bactericidal effect of volatile fractions of garlic were examined during storage. B. coli communis, Proteus vulgaris and Staph. pyogenes aureus 209 were used as test-organisms. Bactericidal properties of volatile fractions of garlic phytoncids were most pronounced prior to storage. During storage they reduced. At higher temperature (16 degrees) the decline in the bactericidal properties was much more significant than at low temperature of storage (2 degrees). PMID- 1107993 TI - [Optimization of cultivation conditions of baker's yeast]. AB - By an integrated factorial experiment optimal proportions of the quantity of inoculation yeast, molasses dosage and degree of their initial water dilution have been established for the periodic yeast cultivation. An equation describing the process has been derived. This equation makes is possible to assess yeast yield at any value of the above parameters within their extreme limits. The yeast cultivation under optimized conditions results in a 25% increase of the economic coefficient coefficient of reproduction as compared with the control, thus approximating the theoretically conceivable value. PMID- 1107995 TI - [Characteristics of clinical course of pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis]. PMID- 1107994 TI - [Raisa Vasil'evna Feniksova (1904-1975)]. PMID- 1107996 TI - [Autoplasty in tuberculous trochanteritis]. PMID- 1107997 TI - Applications of natural-abundance nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance to large biochemically important molecules. AB - Natural-abundance nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of enzymes and other biopolymers is found to be feasible using newly available instrumentation. The long correlation times of such molecules result in short spin-lattice relaxation times, and these in turn allow rapid signal accumulation. The advantages of short T1 values are sometimes offset, however, by unfavorable nuclear Overhauser effects. The dependence of T1 and nuclear Overhauser effects upon correlation time is discussed, and preliminary nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance results for several biopolymers, including lysozyme, protamines, pepsin, hemoglobin, vitamin B 12, and tRNA, are presented. PMID- 1107998 TI - How ribosomes select initiator regions in mRNA: base pair formation between the 3' terminus of 16S rRNA and the mRNA during initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. AB - Initiation complexes formed by E. coli ribosomes in the presence of 32P-labeled A protein initiator region from R17 bacteriophage Rna have been treated with colicin E3 and disassembled by exposure to 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Electrophoresis on 9% polyacrylamide gels reveals a dissociable complex containing the 30-nucleotide-long messenger fragment and the 50-nucleotide-long colicin fragment, which arises from the 3' terminus of the 16S RNA. The complex is a pure RNA-RNA hybird; it is apparently maintained by a seven-base complementarity between the two RNA fragments. Detection of this mRNA-rRNA complex strongly supports the hypothesis that during the initiation step of protein biosynthesis the 3' end of 16S RNA base pairs with the polypurine stretch common to initiator regions in E. coli and bacteriophage mRNAs. The implications of our findings with respect to the molecular mechanism of initiation site selection and mRNA binding to ribosomes, the role of rRNA in ribosome function, and species specificity in translation are explored. PMID- 1107999 TI - Promoter-dependent transcription of tRNAITyr genes using DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes. AB - Two DNA fragments prepared from the transducing bacteriophage strains o80psuIII+ and o80hpsuIII+,- by digestion with restriction enzymes contain one tyrosine tRNA gene (suIII+) and two tyrosine tRNA genes (suIII+, su-) in tandem, respectively, a single promoter in both cases, and some additional DNA regions at the two ends of both. Using these fragments, we have studied characteristics of the promoter dependent transcription of the tyrosine tRNA genes. The promoter-dependent transcripts were shown to correspond to the expected tRNA precursors. Exposure of the transcript from the single gene fragment to an S100 extract from Escherichia coli gave, via intermediates, 4S material which was active in enzymatically accepting tyrosine and contained some modified bases. PMID- 1108000 TI - Content of elongation factor Tu in Escherichia coli. AB - The content of elongation factor Tu in E. coli B has been determined both by radioimmune assay and by GDP binding. The two assays gave comparable results: cells growing at 2 doublings per hour contained about 8 molecules of Tu per ribosome, whereas those growing at 0.22 doublings per hour contained about 14 molecules per ribosome. These levels resemble those reported for tRNA, in contrast with the 1:1 ratio of factor to ribosomes reported for elongation factors Ts and G. PMID- 1108001 TI - A method for the isolation of specific tRNA precursors. AB - tRNA affinity chromatography, based on complex formation between tRNAs with complementary anticodons, has been applied to the isolation of specific tRNA precursors. When [32P]RNA, isolated from an Escherichia coli strain containing a thermolabile ribonuclease P, was chromatographed on resin-bound yeast phenylalanine tRNA, precursor tRNAGlu (possessing the complementary anticodon) was specifically retained. Likewise, precursor tRNAPhe was isolated from a column of resin-bound E. coli glutamate tRNA. Both precursor tRNAs isolated were monomeric and may be processed products of an originally larger RNA precursor. Both tRNA precursors contain additional nucleotides beyond the 5'-end of the mature tRNA and have all modified bases found in mature tRNA. The method can be extended to isolate other tRNA precursors by affinity chromatography with different tRNAs. Since the principle of complementary anticodon interaction is not restricted to any particular organism, specific precursor tRNAs from other sources may also be isolated in this way. PMID- 1108002 TI - Studies on nucleic acid reassociation kinetics: reactivity of single-stranded tails in DNA-DNA renaturation. AB - The reassociation kinetics of Escherichia coli DNA were measured by S1 nuclease resistance and hydroxyapatite binding. While the reaction assayed by hydroxyapatite displays second order kinetics, the S1 nuclease measurements follow a non-second order from, as previously reported by Morrow (Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University. 1974). Much of the reaction measured with S1 nuclease occurs between single stranded regions of fragments already bearing duplex structures from previous collisions, and between such regions and totally free single strands. Experimental determinations indicate that the nucleation rate of single stranded regions on fragments also containing duplexes is inhibited by an average factor of 2 to 4. PMID- 1108003 TI - Histone gene arrangement in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. AB - The DNA coding for histones from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, purified up to 100-fold with the use of Hg+2-CS2-SO4 and actinomycin-CsC1 equilibrium density gradients, has been used to study the clustering of genes coding for different histones and the size of the repeating multigene cluster. When digested with EcoRI restriction endonuclease, the histone DNA is identified in two classes of fragments with molecular weights of 1.15 X 106 and 2.8 X 106, whereas after treatment of the DNA with HindIII restriction endonuclease, histone gene sequences can be identified only in a fragment of 3.95 X 106. Treatment of the DNA with both enzymes simultaneously shows that there is a HindIII site within the smaller EcoRI fragment. Partial digests with HindIII give fragment sizes that appear to be simple multiples of a 3.95 X 106 repeat. Individual histone mRNAs all hybridize to the 3.95 X 106 fragment but only to one or the other EcoRI fragments. The evidence strongly suggests a repeating unit of 3.95 X 106 containing the genes for most, if not all, the histonrs. PMID- 1108004 TI - Architecture of the Escherichia coli ribosome as determined by immune electron microscopy. AB - Binding sites for antibodies specific to nineteen of the twenty-one ribosomal proteins from the 30S subunit of E. coli ribosomes have been localized on the surface of the 30S ribosomal subunit by immune electron microscopy. The locations of 13 ribosomal proteins from the 50S subunit were similarily assessed. The arrangement of these proteins is illustrated in three-dimensional models of the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits and of 70S ribosomes. With specific antibodies to six proteins of the 30S subunit we found only one attachment point for each protein. Antibodies against each of nine of the proteins attached at two separate sites that were separated by various distances. Four further proteins were exposed at three or four sites for antibody binding. Altogether eight to ten of the 19 proteins of the 30S subunit have shown antibody attachment sites at remote points on the surface of the ribosome, at distances which are incompatible with globular shapes; these proteins must therefore have elongated or fibrous structures within the ribosome. On the other hand, only two proteins of the 50S subunit, namely L11 and L18, have so far revealed two separated antibody binding sites; proteins L7/L12 occurred, however, at multiple sites. PMID- 1108005 TI - Separation of lymphocyte chromatin into template-active fractions with specificity for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II or prokaryotic RNA polymerase. AB - When chromatin prepared from WI-L2 lymphocytes by low salt extraction and shearing is centrifuged on a glycerol gradient, one area of the gradient yields chromatin enriched in template activity for Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6; nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase) as compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II (or B). Another area yields chromatin preferred by the eukaryotic enzyme. Kinetic studies indicate that the differences in activity cannot be explained by differences in affinity of the enzymes for the various templates. The DNA isolated from either fraction has a molecular weight of 8.5 X 106. The "yeast active" fraction seems enriched in proteins. Mixing experiments indicate that the yeast enzyme does not alter the template in such a way as to improve it for the bacterial enzyme. PMID- 1108006 TI - Strand-selective transcription of globin genes in rabbit erythroid cells and chromatin. AB - In order to investigate the symmetry of globin gene transcription, complementary RNA (cRNA) was synthesized using rabbit globin complementary DNA (cDNA) as a template for Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase). The cRNA hybridized specifically to its own cDNA template but not to sheep cDNA, rabbit globin mRNA, or poly(dT). Hybridization studies with cRNA demonstrated that RNA sequences transcribed from the DNA strand complementary to the globin gene region (anti-strand) were not present in cellular, total nuclear, or fractionated nuclear RNA from rabbit marrow. Such sequences were detected in RNA transcribed from rabbit marrow chromatin by E. coli or sheep liver RNA polymerases, but amounted to less than 50% of the globin mRNA sequences present in the same transcript. The evidence indicates that globin mRNA transcription is predominantly DNA strand specific. PMID- 1108007 TI - Hydrogen bonding in yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA. AB - Further analysis of the three-dimensional electron density map of yeast phenylalanine tRNA is presented. Attention is focused on the several types of unique hydrogen bonding that are found in the molecule and a number of sections of the electron density map are presented. These sections are compared with an electron density map of a dinucleoside phosphate. The bases in the helical stem regions are all involved in Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding interactions with the exception of the guanine-uracil base pair. Several additional tertiary hydrogen bonding interactions are described. PMID- 1108008 TI - Effects of bacteriophage T4-induced modification of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase on gene expression in vitro. AB - After T4 bacteriophage infection of E. coli a complex series of events take place in the bacterium, including gross inhibition of host transcription and discrete changes in the classes of the genes of T4 that are transcribed. Accompanying these changes in the pattern of transcription one finds T4-induced changes in the RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6; nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase). The effects of modified polymerase on transcription can be advantageously analyzed in a DNA-directed cell-free system for protein synthesis. In this system gene activity is measured indirectly by the amounts and types of proteins sythesized. In the DNA-directed cell-free system this modified polymerase, like normal polymerase, transcribes T4 DNA with a high efficiency but transcribes bacteriophage lambda and host DNA very poorly. Polymerase reconstruction experiments show that modification of the alpha subunit of the RNA polymerase is sufficient for inhibition of host transcription. Host transcription is also inhibited in vitro by T4 DNA. This latter type of inhibition is presumed to involve competition between host DNA and T4 DNA for some factor essential for transcription. The T4-modified polymerase transcribes from T4 DNA many of the same genes as normal unmodified polymerase; it also shows a capability for transcribing certain "non-early" T4 genes which is enhanced in the presence of protein-containing extracts from T4-infected cells. PMID- 1108009 TI - Regulation of histidine operon does not require hisG enzyme. AB - Mutations are described which delete all or part of the first structural gene (hisG) of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium. Physiological regulation of histidine enzymes occurs normally in strains carrying any deletion that has both endpoints within the hisG gene. Constitutive high operon expression is observed in strains carrying any hisG deletion and an unlinked regulatory mutation, hisT1504. These results strongly indicate that the hisG protein is not an essential component of the mechanism for regulating expression of the histidine operon. PMID- 1108010 TI - Identification of a gene for the alpha-subunit of RNA polymerase at the str-spc region of the Escherichia coli chromosome. AB - A structural gene for the alpha-subunit of RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6) has been identified and mapped between spcA and trkA, near 64 min on the E. coli chromosome. It appears to be coordinately expressed and possibly cotranscribed with the genes for ribosomal proteins S11, S4, and L17. PMID- 1108011 TI - Electron microscopic observations on the meiotic karyotype of diploid and tetraploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Certain strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain visible segments of synaptonemal complex which are apparent components of bivalents in pachytene of meiotic prophase. The synaptonemal complex has the typical width in the frontal plane but is unusually thin in the sagittal plane, thus accounting for its poor visibility. Amorphous densities situated adjacent to the central element occur at intervals suggesting their coincidence with sites of crossing over. Reconstruction of the synaptonemal complex from serial sections has permitted karyotypic analysis. The number of segments of synaptonemal complex and the distribution of their legths is consistent with the genetic map. Two, possibly three, segments enter the nucleolus as if bearing sequences encoding ribosomal RNA. Reconstruction of tetraploid nuclei reveals an approximate doubling of the diploid chromosome number and confirms the pattern of nucleolar entry. Quadrivalent pairing is evident between the pairs of synaptonemal complex segments in the tetraploid nuclei. PMID- 1108012 TI - Functional interactions of viral and histocompatibility antigens at tumor cell surfaces. AB - Several lines of evidence are presented to suggest that histocompatibility antigens can be physically associated on the cell surface with viral antigens and possibly other foreign antigens. The lysis of the murine tumor cells EL4 and P388 by syngeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes was inhibited by antisera directed against the H-2 antigens on the tumor cells, consistent with the hypothesis that H-2 antigens are part of the target of the cytotoxic lymphocytes. Moreover, it was found that patching and capping of the H-2 antigens on EL4 cells resulted in the co-patching and co-capping of viral antigens as detected by antisera against Rauscher leukemia virus. Capping of H-2 antigens also resulted in co-capping of determinants detected by an antiserum to the viral protein gp69/71. On the basis of these and other observations, we propose the hypothesis that the H-2 molecules serve as adaptors that combine with viral antigens on the cell surface to form hybrid antigens containing elements of self (H-2) and non-self (virus). The adaptor-antigen complex may then be recognized by a subclass of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes that possesses a repertoire of receptors directed against hybirds of foreign and H-2 antigens. This raises the possibility that other products of the major histocompatibility complex may have analogous functions. PMID- 1108013 TI - Immunosurgery of mouse blastocyst. AB - Mouse blastocysts with and without zonae pellucidae are susceptible to complement dependent antibody cytotoxicity. Exposure of blastocysts to rabbit anti-mouse serum together with complement results in the death of all cells; however, when blastocysts are exposed to antiserum alone and then transferred to guinea pig complement, only the trophoblastic cells are killed. These results suggest that the mouse blastocyst is not permeable for certain antibodies. The inner cell masses can easily be separated from the remnants of trophoblastic cells and are then able to grow and differentiate in vitro. This method of immunosurgery can be used to obtain large quantities of pure inner cell masses in a relatively short period of time. PMID- 1108014 TI - Alterations in envelope structure of heptose-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli as revealed by freeze-etching. AB - The surface of freeze-etched E. coli strain GR467, a heptose-deficient ("deep rough") mutant derived from CR34, was studied by electron microscopy. The outer membrane of GR467 has an increased ratio of phospholipid to protein, mainly due to a decreased protein content. Freeze-etched CR34 showed structural features indistinguishable for wild-type E. coli, i.e., the primary cleavage occurring in the inner membrane with only minor appearance of cleavage within the outer membrane. In contrast to this, in mutant GR467 most of the freeze-cleavages had taken place along a new plane, presumably in a hydrophobic region of the outer membrane. In this cleavage plane numerous particles were seen. Often the cleavage extended over the entire exposed cell surface; occasionally only a few large plateaus were visible, around which the next deeper cleavage plane, that of the protoplasmic or inner membrane, was discernible. Two spontaneous revertants (R11 and R16) with protein and lipid A levels similar to wild-type cells showed mostly freeze fractures with wild-type characteristics, and only a few cells had retained fracturing properties of GR467. A partial revertant revealed intermediate characteristics. Thus, there appears to be a morphological correlation with the chemical data relating the amount of outer membrane protein with the heptose content of the lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 1108015 TI - Novel F prime factors able to replicate in Escherichia coli Hfr strains. AB - A novel type of F' plasmid that can replicate extrachromosomally in cells of Hfr strains has been isolated. Genetic analysis of these plasmids indicates that all carry the dnaA-bglA region of the E. coli chromosome as well as ilv+ used as a selective marker. It is suggested that a specific site, designated poh+ (permissive on Hfr), is located in this region, and is essential for these plasmids to replicate in Hfr cells. The most interesting explanation, among others, would be that the poh+ site represents the replication origin of the bacterial chromosome. PMID- 1108016 TI - Serial propagation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in guinea pigs. AB - The transmission and serial propagation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from man to guinea pigs are reported. The latency, symptomatology, and morphology of the infection during the first four passages are presented. The incubation period between the first and subsequent passages was halved. One hundred percent take, morbidity, and mortality were achieved in all inoculated animals. All guinea pigs developed a subacute spongiform virus encephalopathy with marked neuronal destruction in the cerebral cortex and subcortical grey structures. The neuronal loss resulted in cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus ex vacuo. PMID- 1108017 TI - Does somatostatin inhibition of insulin secretion involve two mechanisms of action? AB - Somatostatin, the hypothalamic growth hormone release inhibitory factor (GHRIF), directly inhibits both the first and second phases of insulin secretion. The sensitivities of these two phases of insulin secretion to somatostatin differ remarkably. The first phase of secretion is approximately 25 to 50 times more sensitive to somatostatin inhibition than is the second phase. In addition, somatostatin inhibition of insulin secretion during the second phase is "reversed" by supplemental calcium, whereas the somatostatin effect on the first phase is unaffected by additional calcium. These findings suggest that the cellular events which produce the two phases of insulin secretion are separate processes, and that somatostatin has a dual mechanism of action in inhibiting insulin secretion. PMID- 1108018 TI - A DNA fragment from the origin of single-strand to double-strand DNA replication of bacteriophage fd. AB - A specific complex is formed between fd DNA, Escherichia coli DNA unwinding protein, and RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6; nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase) during the first steps in the conversion of the single stranded viral DNA to the double-stranded replicative form. In this complex a unique DNA fragment of about 120 nucleotides is protected against nuclease digestion. Both the requirements for its isolation and its position on the map of the phage genome indicate that the fragment contains the origin of single-strand to double-strand DNA replication. The isolated DNA fragment possesses double strand-like characteristics, which protect it from being covered by the DNA unwinding protein and thus indirectly positions the RNA polymerase to the origin of replication. PMID- 1108019 TI - Mechanism of growth delay induced in Escherichia coli by near ultraviolet radiation. AB - Continuously growing cultures of E. coli B/r were irradiated with a fluence of broad-band near-ultraviolet radiation (315-405 nm) sufficient to cause extensive growth delay and complete cessation of net RNA synthesis. Chloramphenicol treatment was found to stimulate resumption of RNA synthesis, similar to that observed with chloramphenicol treatment after amino-acid starvation. E. coli strains in which amino-acid starvation does not result in cessation of RNA synthesis ("relaxed" or rel- strains) show no cessation of growth and only a slight effect on the rate of growth or of RNA synthesis. These findings show that such near-UV fluences do not inactivate the RNA synthetic machinery but affect the regulation of RNA synthesis, in a manner similat to that produced by amino acid starvation. Such regulation is believed to be mediated through alterations in concentration of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), and our estimations of ppGpp after near-UV irradiation are consistent with such an interpretation. These data, combined with earlier published data, strongly suggest that the mechanism of near-UV-induced growth delay in E. coli involves partial inactivation of certain tRNA species, which is interpreted by the cell in a manner similar to that of amino-acid starvation, causing a rise in ppGpp levels, a shut-off of net RNA synthesis, and the induction of a growth delay. PMID- 1108020 TI - Molecular cloning of DNA from F sex factor of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - We describe the molecular cloning of various DNA segments generated by partial EcoRI endonuclease digestion of the sex factor F. These segments have been analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis of EcoRI digests and were arranged in a series of overlapping fragments using the EcoRI fragment map of F established by H. Ohtsubo and E. Ohtsubo. The clones isolated demonstrate one or more of the following F-specified functions: inhibition of female-specific phage (T7) multiplication, formation of F pili, surface exclusion, or immunity to lethal zygosis. These properties are discussed in terms of the EcoRI fragments of F that specify them. PMID- 1108021 TI - Incorporation of fatty acids containing photosensitive groups into phospholipids of Escherichia coli. AB - A series of new fatty acids containing photosensitive groups at different positions on the paraffin chains supported the growth of an auxotroph of E. coli requiring unsaturated fatty acids. The derivatives were 6-, 9-, 11-, and 12 azidostearic acids, 12-azido-oleic acid, 16-azidopalmitelaidic acid, and 12-(4 azido-2-nitrophenoxy)-stearic and -oleic acids. Analyses of the phospholipids from cultures grown in the presence of the first six compounds showed that these derivatives accounted for 16-43% of the total fatty acids. Further analysis of phospholipids from cultures grown with 12-azido-oleic acid, 11-azidostearic acid, or 16-azidopalmitelaidic acid indicated that the azido fatty acids were at the 2 position of the glycerol moieties. The incorporation of these fatty acid derivatives offers a new approach to the study of membrane structure and, in particular, phospholipid-protein interactions by photolysis-induced crosslinking of the fatty acids to the structures in their immediate vicinity. PMID- 1108022 TI - Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of lactose operator of Escherichia coli and its binding to lactose repressor. AB - The 21-nucleotide-long duplex DNA constituting the lactose operator sequence of E. coli has been synthesized by both chemical and enzymatic methods. The synthetic duplex has the essential feature of the lactose operator as seen by its binding to the lactose repressor. The binding of the synthetic operator fragment to the lactose repressor is specific because it is inhibited by the inducing ligand isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside. Thus, it is now possible to show that a chemically synthesized oligodeoxynucleotide can be specifically recognized by its natural regulatory protein. PMID- 1108023 TI - Position of aminoacylation of individual Escherichia coli and yeast tRNAs. AB - Transfer RNAs terminating 2'-or 3'-deoxyadenosine were prepared from unfractionated E. coli and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) tRNAs and purified to remove unmodified tRNAs. The modified tRNA species were assayed for aminoacylation with each of the 20 amino acids to determine the initial position of tRNA aminoacylation. The E. coli and yeast aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific for arginine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and valine, as well as the E. coli glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, aminoacylated only those cognate tRNAs terminating in 3'-deoxyadenosine (i.e., those having a 2'-OH group). On the other hand, those E. coli and yeast synthetases specific for alanine, glycine, histidine, lysine, proline, serine, and threonine, as well as the yeast synthetase specific for glutamine, utilized exclusively those tRNAs having an available 3'-OH group on the 3'-terminal nucleoside, while the E. coli and yeast synthetases specific for asparagine, cysteine, and tyrosine, and the yeast aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, utilized both of the modified cognate tRNAs. The only observed difference in specificity between the E. coli and yeast systems was for tRNATrp, which was aminoacylated on the 2'-position in E. coli and the 3' position in yeast. The results indicate that the initial position of aminoacylation is not uniform for all tRNAs, although for individual tRNAs the specificity has been conserved during the evolution from a prokaryotic to eukaryotic organism. PMID- 1108024 TI - Studies on nucleic acid reassociation kinetics: empirical equations describing DNA reassociation. AB - The rate of appearance of duplex DNA renaturation, measured with single strand specific nuclease, deviates significantly from a second order reaction. Measurements reported in paper I of this series indicate an inhibition in the rate of reassociation of single strand tails on partially reassociated molecules by a factor of at least two. Equations are derived that describe the observed form of reassociation kinetics as measured with hydroxyapatite and with single strand specific nuclease. The free parameter that describes the extent of inhibition of nucleation with single strand tails in these equations has been evaluated by least squares methods and agrees with the experimentally measured value. PMID- 1108025 TI - Visualization of prokaryotic DNA in a regularly condensed chromatin-like fiber. AB - Electron microscopy of disrupted Escherichia coli cells under certain conditions revealed loops of a fiber 120 A in diameter which were attached to the cell envelope and showed a 130 A repeating beaded substructure. These fibers were detected only when the cells were lysed in 0.15 M NaCl solutions directly on the electron microscope supporting films and if the dehydration steps began within 2 min of lysis. Under these conditions examination of cells lysogenic for phage lambda after superinfection with lambda wild type or deletion mutants disclosed short loops of a 120 A diameter fiber free of the cell envelope. Because the contour length of these loops was proportionate to the DNA content of the superinfecting lambda phage, it was concluded that the fibers contained DNA condensed 6.5-fold in blocks of about 250 base pairs. PMID- 1108026 TI - Famines of history and of today. PMID- 1108027 TI - Digestion and absorption of lipids in non-ruminant and ruminant animals: a comparison. PMID- 1108028 TI - Control of hepatic glyceride synthesis. PMID- 1108030 TI - The influence of some dietary factors on cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 1108029 TI - Fatty acids as energy sources. PMID- 1108031 TI - Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the mammalian brain. PMID- 1108032 TI - Quality control. Treatment of the 'persistent offender'. PMID- 1108033 TI - Quality control in haematology. PMID- 1108034 TI - Influence of prophylaxis against bacteroides on incidence of sepsis after large bowel surgery. PMID- 1108036 TI - Measurement of alcohol in body tissues. PMID- 1108035 TI - The differentiating tooth and developmental pathology. PMID- 1108037 TI - Comparison of three hemolytic plaque assays using sheep and mouse erythrocytes as antigens in rats. AB - Several hemolytic plaque assays using spleen cells from rats immunized with sheep or mouse erythrocytes were compared. Modifications of the assays were made to define optimal conditions. Mrbc in assays with guinea pig complement yield a much reduced number of plaques than is observed when human complement is used. In contrast, no difference in numbers is noted with Srbc regardless of complement source. The use of Srbc in an assay technique that does not employ agarose is more sensitive than techniques that require agarose; the result is a 50-100% increase in the number of plaques. This increase in plaque number was observed with either guinea pig or human complement. In contrast, there was considerable clumping of Mrbc in the absence of agarose which tended to obscure distinct plaque formation. Increased sensitivity of plaque development for Srbc in the absence of agarose was due to increased numbers of direct (IgM) plaque detection and not to concomitant detection of cells producing IgG (indirect plaques). Maximal detection of plaques with Mrbc was observed when human complement was used in assays containing agarose. These assays gave a threefold increase in plaque numbers when compared with assays without agarose. It is evident from the above that the most sensitive and reproducible hemolytic plaque assay to be used by an investigator will depend primarily upon the antigen, and on reagents selected for the test. PMID- 1108038 TI - Evidence for the dark repair of ultraviolet damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial DNA. AB - Evidence for the dark repair of ultraviolet damage to yeast mitochondrial DNA has been observed. The ultraviolet dose necessary to inflict significant damage to both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was determined. Cell survival at large doses of ultraviolet light was observed after immediate and delayed plating of yeast onto 1% pyruvate and 1% glucose media. In the highly lethal dose ranges of irradiation an increase in the number of normal colonies appeared after a period of liquid holding and delayed plating. This increase, demonstrated separately on 1% glucose and 1% pyruvate media suggested that the repair of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA had occurred. After low doses of ultraviolet light an actual decrease in the number of petite survivors was seen after delayed plating, even though the total number of survivors increased. When a known repair inhibitor, caffeine, was added to the liquid holding buffer prior to the delayed plating of yeast, a marked decrease in the number of petites did not occur after delayed plating. Therefore, the decrease in the number of petite survivors after delayed plating following low doses of ultraviolet light is attributed to the repair of yeast mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 1108039 TI - Effect of short-term castration and starvation upon hypothalamic content of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in adult male rats. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for hypothalamic LH-RH has been described. Within 7 days after castration there is a significant decline in hypothalamic content of LH-RH in adult male rats. Total starvation for 7 days does not affect hypothalamic content of LH-RH in either intact or castrated rats. PMID- 1108040 TI - Origin of antibody-dependent, lymphoid-cell-independent hemolytic plaques in rabbit spleen cell cultures. AB - This report describes a phenomenon that may be a significant source of error in the data acquired from hemolytic plaque assays of lymphocyte cultures. The data show that background antibody in the normal-serum supplement of the culture medium does not actually support initiation of a vigorous primary-type plaque forming cell (PFC) response to sheep erythrocytes (SE). Instead, the background antibody causes the development of numerous spurious lymphoid-cell-independent plaques (LCIP). In general agreement with the literature, primary-type rabbit spleen cell responses in vitro were low in culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum, a serum which does not contain background antibodies to SE. PMID- 1108041 TI - Effects of allogenic and effector cells on the development of antibody-producing cells, in vitro. AB - Effects of allogenic and effector spleen cells on the development of anti-SRBC plaque-forming cells from target spleen cells in vitro were studied. Addition of allogeneic cells resulted in various degrees of suppression of target cell PFC production. This allogeneic suppression could be abolished by pretreating the cells with either uv or X irradiation. Addition of effector cells to target spleen cell cultures markedly suppressed PFC production. Effector cell suppression of PFC production was anti-BAtheta serum-sensitive and radiation resistant. PMID- 1108042 TI - Influence of lead and cadmium on the susceptibility of rats to bacterial challenge. AB - Intravenous administration of an acute dose of lead acetate or cadmium acetate enhanced the susceptibility of rats to intravenous challenge with E. coli by approximately 1000-fold. Since equivalent vulnerability of lead- or cadmium treated rats to killed E. coli was observed, toxicity is probably due to the endotoxin content of the bacteria. This postulate is further supported by the observation that equal doses of the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococci epidermidis, failed to elicit lethality in the acute lead-intoxicated rats. The synthetic glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone, prevented lethality induced by the Gram-negative bacteria in lead-treated rats. It did not, however, afford significant protection in cadmium-treated rats in the presence of E. coli. Marked alterations in hepatic morphology were apparent in both lead- and cadmium-treated rats challenged with E. coli. PMID- 1108043 TI - Effect of acute infection and endotoxemia on zinc absorption in the rat. AB - Intestinal zinc absorption was found to be significantly increased during acute bacterial infection and endotoxemia in the rat. Although serum zinc concentrations were depressed, there was a significant accumulation of 65Zn in the livers of the stressed animals. This study demonstrates that acute inflammation produces a redistribution of zinc within the host, which results in both increased zinc absorption and retention. PMID- 1108044 TI - [Nanogram analysis with radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 1108045 TI - [Swiss Pharmacy Historical Museum in Basel, Totengasslein 3]. PMID- 1108046 TI - Celebrating with our nation: The emergence of our profession. PMID- 1108047 TI - The development of physiotherapy--by F.B. Granger, M.D. PMID- 1108048 TI - The beginning of "modern physiotherapy". PMID- 1108049 TI - Recollections and reminiscences from former reconstruction aides. PMID- 1108050 TI - Infantile paralysis: Pioneers in treatment. PMID- 1108051 TI - The beginning of the Association (American Physiotherapy Association). PMID- 1108052 TI - Presidents of the American Physical Therapy Association. 1921-1976. PMID- 1108053 TI - Editors of the Journal. 1921-1976. PMID- 1108054 TI - Human figure drawings by children with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. AB - Seventy-two human figure drawings by forty-three patients who had a diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy were examined. The study includes a description of these human figure drawings according to eleven emotional indicators and according to directionality quadrants. When the human figure drawings were used as a projective tool, four personality traits of some of the children were identified: physical inadequacy, immaturity, body anxiety, and insecurity. Both the emotional indicators and the quadrant in which the figures appeared were examined in relation to stages of the disease process to see if the human figure drawings of the children might reflect more stress and anxiety at a particular stage of the disease. Suggestions for improvements and recommendations for future study are given. PMID- 1108055 TI - Evidence against DNA as the target for 334 nm-induced growth delay in Escherichia coli. PMID- 1108056 TI - Photoprotection of E. coli B/r: respiration, growth, macromolecular synthesis and repair of DNA. PMID- 1108057 TI - Properties of the ultraviolet-light-mediated binding of bovine serum albumin to DNA. PMID- 1108058 TI - DNA repair of ultraviolet-irradiated bacteriophage T4. PMID- 1108059 TI - The origin of bioluminescence. PMID- 1108060 TI - Base substitution mutations induced in Salmonella strains by visible light (450 nm). PMID- 1108061 TI - Ultraviolet irradiation of suspensions of micro-organisms: possible errors involved in the estimation of average fluence per cell. PMID- 1108062 TI - Mechanisms regulating renin release. PMID- 1108063 TI - [About a monoglucoside of emodine from the bark of Rhamnus frangula (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108064 TI - [In memory of Gorazd Zavrnik, M.D. (1929-1975)]. PMID- 1108065 TI - [Memories of the late Dr. Nobuyuki Miura]. PMID- 1108066 TI - [On the philosophical genealogy of Freud]. AB - The origins of psycho-analysis, like those of every other medico-psychological study, have their own particular scientific and specific social, historical and philosophical-theoretical presuppositions. Freud's philosophical genealogy is closely linked to classical german philosophy and subsequent philosophical movements. I. Kant, J.-F. Herbart, A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, E. v. Hartmann, G. T. Fechner, E. Mach, W. Ostwald, L. Feuerbach and others did not only emphasise the significance of drives and the unconscious in human behaviour, they also described many psychological mechanisms from depth psychology, (for example repression, condensation, substitution, sublimation). Some false theoretical trends in psycho-analysis (biologism, psychologism and simplifying psycho energetics to simplify) can be explained to some extent by the influences mentioned above. PMID- 1108068 TI - [The psychoanalysis of children in 1920 and in 1974]. PMID- 1108067 TI - [Carl Hohnbaum, the life and work of a distinguished neurologist, founder of the contemporary Hildburghausen District Hospital]. AB - Carl Hohnbaum was the founder of what is now the Hildburghausen District Mental Hospital. He was born at Coburg in 1780, called to Hildburghausen in 1805 after having been active as a general practitioner for a short time, and appointed chief medical officer of the former Duchy. He devoted much of his time and effort to improving medical care for the inmates, and he thus made a meritorious contribution to the treatment of mental and emotional disorders. Hohnbaum was one of the most productive medical writers of his time. He died in 1855. In an obituary published in the Village Paper he was designated as one of Hildburghausen's "most distinguished and eminent" citizens. PMID- 1108069 TI - [Children's drawings and psychopathology]. PMID- 1108070 TI - Imre Hermann's contributions to psychoanalysis an introductory note. PMID- 1108071 TI - Gilbert's first night anxiety. AB - W. S. Gilbert, librettist of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, suffered from such extreme anxiety at the opening night performance of his plays that he was unable to remain in the theater. This paper explores the dynamics behind Gilbert's first night anxiety, utilizing his literary works as well as biographical and autobiographical sources. PMID- 1108072 TI - Effects of dogmatism and anxiety during computer-assisted learning. PMID- 1108073 TI - The effects of n-dipropylacetate on the acquisition of conditioned behaviour with negative reinforcement in mice. AB - n-Dipropylacetate (nDPA), at a dose of 100 mg/kg, has a facilitating action on the acquisition of conditioned reactions with negative reinforcement in mice. On the other hand, nDPA reduces the number of conditioned reactions with a dose of 200 mg/kg. These effects of nDPA on conditioned behaviour are correlated with the increase of the level of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid, following administration of nDPA. PMID- 1108074 TI - Proceedings: Benzoctamine in the treatment of neurosis--an uncontrolled clinical study. PMID- 1108075 TI - Proceedings: Etafenoxin in the treatment of neurosis--an uncontrolled clinical study. PMID- 1108076 TI - Trazodone in the treatment of neurosis--an uncontrolled clinical study. PMID- 1108077 TI - Proceedings: Systematic clinical studies with clomipramine in depressed psychiatric patients--I. Report on an uncontrolled clinical trial. PMID- 1108078 TI - Proceedings: Systematic clinical studies with clomipramine in depressed psychiatric patients--II. Report on a placebo-controlled clinical trial. PMID- 1108079 TI - Proceedings: Systematic clinical studies with clomipramine in depressed psychiatric patients--III. Standard-controlled clinical trial. PMID- 1108080 TI - Proceedings: Systematic clinical studies with clomipramine in depressed psychiatric patients--IV. A summary report. PMID- 1108081 TI - Proceedings: Clomacran in the treatment of schizophrenic patients--a comparison of two assessment methods. PMID- 1108082 TI - Proceedings: Penfluridol in the treatment of schizophrenia: clinical and psychometric findings. PMID- 1108083 TI - Proceedings: A comparative study of thiothixene and chlorpromazine in chronic schizophrenic patients: application of a special psychometric test battery. PMID- 1108084 TI - Proceedings: Trazodone: clinical and biochemical studies II. Blood levels and therapeutic responsiveness. PMID- 1108085 TI - Proceedings: Trazodone: clinical and biochemical studies III. Dexamethasone suppression test results and therapeutic responsiveness. PMID- 1108086 TI - Proceedings: Trazodone: clinical and biochemical studies I. An uncontrolled clinical trial in depression. PMID- 1108087 TI - A bibliography on the biology and pharmacology of lithium--appendix II. PMID- 1108088 TI - [Negative role of oxides in bonded porcelain]. PMID- 1108089 TI - [Caesar's teeth and (causes of toothlessness infertility in ancient Rome)]. PMID- 1108090 TI - [Clinical-therapeutic experiences with Venalot in dental and surgical procedures]. PMID- 1108091 TI - [The Radix-Anchor system. I. Restoration of deep caries in single-rooted teeth]. PMID- 1108092 TI - [Dentists and postal stamps]. PMID- 1108094 TI - [The Radix--Anchor system. II. Restoration of deep caries in siingle-rooted teeth]. PMID- 1108093 TI - [Constructing procelain masticatory surfaces based on gnathological requirements. I]. PMID- 1108095 TI - [Possible uses for composites]. PMID- 1108096 TI - Effects of sublethal gamma radiation on T and B cell activity in the antibody response of mice. PMID- 1108097 TI - Toxic effects upon bacteria of phosphate-buffered saline exposed in a high frequency argon discharge. PMID- 1108098 TI - [Role of the spleen in the differentiation of T-cells possessing an auxiliary function in the humoral immune reactions in the organism of lethally irradiated recipients of bone marrow transplants]. PMID- 1108099 TI - [DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of the organs of irradiated animals. Report 6. Role of enzyme changes in disturbance of the process of transcription]. PMID- 1108100 TI - [Influence of photonuclear reactions on the inactivation of bacterial cells due to the effects of bremsstrahlung]. PMID- 1108101 TI - The De Carvalho and acid-barium tests in the demonstration of an unsuspected gastro-oesophageal reflux and its related oesophagitis. AB - Importance of the water and acid-barium tests (De Carvalho and Donner tests) was proved in a large series of cases demonstrating an unknown gastro-oesophageal reflux and an associated oesophagitis. PMID- 1108102 TI - Total body irradiation in the management of malignant lymphoma. AB - A pilot study for the evaluation of fractionated total body irradiation in the management of disseminated lymphomas is reported. Nine patients were treated in the period February - August, 1973. A telecobalt unit with treatment distance of 328 cm was used. Daily fractions of 15 rad total body dose measured in the midpelvic plane were given for the first 5 days. Thereafter a dose of 10--15 rad per session was given every other day or at longer intervals depending on the leukocyte and thrombocyte count. The total dose for a full course varied between 200 and 265 rad in 5--12 weeks. The results of the study demonstrate the value of total body irradiation in the treatment of patients with stage III lymphosarcoma, and potentially in the management of disseminated mycosis fungoidis. PMID- 1108103 TI - Annual oration, 1973. A tribute to Benjamin H. Orndorff, M.D. Introduction of Annual Orator, Richard H. Marshak, M.D. PMID- 1108104 TI - Immunosuppressive anticancer drugs in man: their oncogenic potential. AB - As therapy of cancer becomes more sucessful, the number of long-term survivors is increasing. In addition, cancer chemotherapeutic drugs are being used as immunosuppressive agents in the chronic treatment of non-neoplastic diseases. The long-range hazards of therapy are a serious consideration in these two groups of patients. This brief review examines the potential oncogenic as well as co oncogenic hazards of cancer chemotherapy in man. Many of these drugs are oncogenic and/or co-oncogenic in experimental animals. PMID- 1108105 TI - Willis Seaman Peck, M.D. 1900-1974. PMID- 1108106 TI - Earl Stanley Pederson, M.D., Ph.D. 1916-1974. PMID- 1108107 TI - Alfred Lee Loomis Bell, M.D., F.A.C.R. 1890-1974. PMID- 1108108 TI - Granulomatous disease of the intestinal tract (Crohn's disease). AB - In a landmark lecture on this disease, the author presents his experience with some 8,000 cases of regional enteritis and 4,000 of granulomatous colitis. The paper is divided into sections on the history, pathology, pathogenesis, roentgen findings, and course of the disease. The main thrust of the paper is the extensive roentgen analysis of granulomatous disease, with a discussion of differential diagnosis, especially from ulcerative colitis. Through the years, the author has been impressed with certain clinical and roentgen features of this malady (his Ten Principles of Crohn's Disease) which are carefully reviewed. PMID- 1108109 TI - Computed tomography with the EMI scanner in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic intracranial neoplasms. AB - The findings and diagnostic results in 600 examinations of primary and metastatic intracranial neoplasms performed at one hospital with the EMI scanner are presented and the effectiveness of this method is compared with that of radionuclide imaging, cerebral angiography, and pneumoencephalography. The computed scan proved to be highly reliable in the diagnosis of glioma, cerebral metastases, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma. PMID- 1108110 TI - Atraumatic evaluation of myocardial revascularization procedures with 43K1. AB - Least-squares regression analysis was computerized to provide functional color images of myocardial perfusion patterns. In 8 of the 9 patients studied, changes in pattern indicated that the revascularization procedure speeded the appearance time and/or net rate of 43K uptake. The functional images correlated well with coronary arteriograms made before and after surgery. This noninvasive isotope technique may prove to be clinically useful in (a) evaluating coronary artery disease, (b) defining the remaining viable myocardium when an aneurysm is present, and (c) determining the effectiveness of the revascularization procedure. PMID- 1108111 TI - Improved isolation, separation and cytochemistry of living cells. AB - 1. This paper describes improved methods of obtaining, purifying and studying bulk suspensions of isolated living hepatocytes and other cells of adult rats and urodeles. 2. The cells were isolated largely by dissolving the hepatic ground substance through the extracorporeal portal perfusion and further incubation of the excised liver with 0.05% collagenase and 0.1% hyaluronidase. The different kinds of cells were then separated from one another by counter-current centrifugation. The isolated cells were examined by differential interference, phase-contrast, amplitude-contrast, ultraviolet, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Various cytochemical tests were carried out. Whenever possible, for each method of examination, the isolated cells were compared with cells of the same kind which had not undergone isolation. 3. Dye-exclusion, lysochromy, fluorescence and differential interference microscopical analysis indicated viability rates between 75 and 99%. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was preserved at a high level in nearly all isolated cells. In hepatocytes, the essentially extracellular cells. In hepatocytes, the essentially extracellular 'soluble' alkaline phosphatase activity of bile canaliculi was retained. Living hepatocytes were studied by super-modulating methods of microscopy for the first time, with somewhat unexpected findings. It now seems probable that previous methods of tissue preparation produced gross alterations in hepatocyte mitochondria. The assessment of the viability of isolated cells was re-examined. 4. The methods described may permit a more meaningful correlation between biochemical, cytochemical, ultrastructural and biophysical findings than that obtainable by the use of current methods. PMID- 1108112 TI - A tribute to Joseph L. Melnick. PMID- 1108113 TI - Adenoviruses--interaction with the host cell genome. PMID- 1108114 TI - [Screening methods using microbes for the environmental carcinogens (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108115 TI - [Colicins and colicin tolerant mutants (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108116 TI - [Beta-lactamase, a penicillin/cephalosporin hydrolyzing enzyme (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108117 TI - [Penicillin-inactivating enzyme, beta-lactamase, with special reference to the active sites, the role of the existence and the molecular evolution (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108118 TI - Alterations of intracellular oxidative metabolism as stimuli evoking prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 1108119 TI - [Extrem halofilibacterium. II. Enzymology and metabolism]. PMID- 1108120 TI - [New method for the fixation of the median palpebral ligament]. PMID- 1108121 TI - [Comparative study of safety in 3 types of intestinal anastomosis. Experimental study on the small intestine of a dog]. PMID- 1108122 TI - [The teeth, their growth and heredity: questions under discussion at the Abbe Bourdelot Academy (1610-1686)]. PMID- 1108123 TI - [Hendrik van Deventer (1651-1724), the Labadists and their pills against toothache]. PMID- 1108124 TI - Temperature and vision. AB - Published information concerning the influence of temperature in the physiological range (0-40 degrees) on various aspects of the visual process in invertebrates and vertebrates (poikilotherms and homeotherms) is reviewed. Bleaching and regeneration of scotopic and photopic pigments is influenced by temperature; so is the porphyropsin-rhodopsin ratio in fresh-water fishes. Effect on electrophysiological responses such as early receptor potential (ERP), electroretinogram (ERG) and its flicker fusion frequencies (FFF), S-potentials, glial membrane optic nerve and brain responses is presented. Histophysiological responses such as photomechanical or retinomotor responses are influenced by temperature. It also affects behavioural responses such as innate light reflexes, colour change, sensitivity, threshold acuity, FFF, spectral sensitivity and conditioned responses. General aspects such as oxygen consumption of the retina, acid formation and survival times are discussed with reference to their modification by temperature. Theoretical aspects such as the interaction between light and thermal energy in the absorption of a photon by a molecule, and available equations for comparing the effect of temperature on biological processes are also discussed. An attempt is made to draw a coherent picture and to discuss the significance of the thermal influence on vision to the animal. New avenues of research are also indicated. One hundred and eighty-eight (188) references are cited. PMID- 1108125 TI - [Cervical root syndrome. Clinical an surgical traitment. A cooperative study (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108126 TI - Similarity of acetaldehyde and sulfhydryl reagent actions on the perfused guinea pig heart. AB - The effects of acetaldehyde (1 mM) and two known sulfhydryl reagents, diamide (0.25 mM) and cystamine (0.5 mM), on the perfused guinea pig heart were compared and were found to be markedly similar. All compounds increased heart rate and coronary flow. Dichloroisoproterenol blocked the increase in heart rate but not the increase in coronary flow. It is concluded that acetaldehyde may produce its effects by reaction with cellular thiols. PMID- 1108127 TI - Resting bradycardia of exercise training: a concept based on currently available data. AB - The classic view that the resting bradycardia of exercise training is due to an increase in the tonic discharge of the vagi is no longer tenable; If it were true, full doses of atropine would accelerate the heart to a greater extent in the athletic animal. All investigators agree that the reverse is the case. Some workers report a decrease in cardiac sympathetic influence after training. This would cause a preponderance of vagal influence which may decrease to a lesser extent than the sympathetics or may not change at all. Several studies have demonstrated that training causes a distinct slowing of the intrinsic rate of the pacemaker. It is concluded that two factors operate to lower the resting heart rate after athletic training: 1) slowing of the intrinsic rate of the pacemaker, 2) Increase in cholinergic predominance on the pacemaker frequency as a result of a decrease in adrenergic influence. Vagal influence per se seems either to remain the same or to decrease slightly in the athlete compared to the nonathelete. It appears that slowing of the intrinsic rate plays a more important role, a factor that has been hitherto overlooked. The mechanisms underlying these changes remain obscure. PMID- 1108128 TI - [Enzymes in pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 1108129 TI - [Role of the small air passages in pulmonary physiology and pathology]. PMID- 1108130 TI - [Respiratory gases and hemodynamics of the lesser circulation]. PMID- 1108131 TI - [Functional symptomatology of the small air passages]. PMID- 1108132 TI - [Treatment of acute hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy. New trends in controlled oxygen therapy]. PMID- 1108133 TI - Body image and the presidency: Abraham Lincoln. PMID- 1108134 TI - The evaluation of the safety of 2,4,5-T to birds in areas treated for vegetation control. PMID- 1108135 TI - [Ultrasoundcardiographic diagnosis of heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108136 TI - [Echocardiographic features of the heart valves (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108137 TI - [Determination of left ventricular volumes by ultrasound (author's transl]. PMID- 1108138 TI - [Ultrasonocardiographic studies of the great vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108139 TI - [Echocardiogram in congenital heart disease - morphological anomaly and internal relation of intracardiac segment (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108140 TI - [Cardiac function demonstrated by echocardiography, with special reference to the auscultatory findings of the heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108141 TI - [Suture of the pharynx after laryngectomy by the Garcia-Hormaeche-Portmann procedure]. PMID- 1108142 TI - [Brill symmers disease with blastic (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108143 TI - [Synthetic hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and ovulation: a possibility of "programmed" ovulation to regulate fertility in women (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108144 TI - [Evolution of the teaching of preventive and social medicine in Latin America (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108145 TI - [Conditions of the formation of hallucinations in the child from the neurophysiological and psychological point of view]. PMID- 1108146 TI - [Tolerance and clinical action of carbamazepine under in a new suspension form, in 38 children and adolescents aged from 2 to 18, with epilepsy, sometimes complicated by behavior and character disorders]. PMID- 1108147 TI - [Velopharyngolaryngeal myoclonus during the course of a case of cerebral reticulosarcoma]. PMID- 1108148 TI - Renal transport of amino acids. PMID- 1108149 TI - [Polyagglutinability]. PMID- 1108150 TI - [Blood transfusion in autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 1108151 TI - [Oswaldo Freitas Juliao (1912-1973)]. PMID- 1108152 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of rejection of renal homologous grafts in dogs]. PMID- 1108153 TI - [Immunology of tumors: correlation between immunological competence, clinical evolution and therapeutic response]. PMID- 1108154 TI - [BCG in the treatment of malignant diseases]. PMID- 1108155 TI - [Italian achievements in the field of organ transplantation and tissue typing in the year 1974]. PMID- 1108156 TI - Computerized transaxial tomogram. Relationship to other neurodiagnostic procedures. PMID- 1108157 TI - Solitary bone cyst of the ilium. Report of two cases and a review of the literature. PMID- 1108158 TI - [Surgical treatment of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 1108159 TI - [Recurrences of glomerulonephritis after renal transplantation]. PMID- 1108160 TI - [From the order to its execution: enzyme induction and its hormonal modulations]. PMID- 1108161 TI - [Etiology of Paget's disease of bone]. AB - The etiology of Paget's disease is just as doubtful in 1975 as it was in 1876 when Sir James Paget described the disease. The authors analyse the etiology on the basis of 100 personal cases and the literature. Although there are undoubtedly familial cases of the disease, investigation of the leucocyte grouping of 46 patients with Paget's disease did not reveal any correlation between occurrence of the disease and the HL-A antigens. Various pathological associations have been reported in the literature and were also found in this series. These associations were at the limits of coincidence (inflammatory rheumatism, diffuse chondrocalcinosis, multiple myeloma...). Metabolic changes (hyperuricaemia, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia) did not appear to be more frequent than in control patients. Involvement of elastic tissue and the presence of pseudocrystalline inclusions in the osteoclasts constitute interesting points for discussion. PMID- 1108162 TI - [The cardiovascular manifestations of Paget's disease]. AB - After reviewing the old ideas (peripheral syndrome and cardiac insufficiency at high outputs) and more recent ideas (arterial and intracardiac vascular calcification), the authors report their experiences based on the study of the histories of 150 patients suffering from Paget's disease followed for several years. First they emphasize the frequent latency of cardiac manifestations looked for systematically by means of the electrocardiogram particularly during evolutive stages of the disease. Electrocardiographic disturbances were observed 91 times and included 43 cases of conduction disorders and 48 of repolarization disorders; their distribution was studied as a function of various inherent parameters, of the patient (age and sex) and of the disease (its evolutive character and its degree of diffusion). On the basis of the anti-arythmic power of calcitonin found during experiments and obtained excellent results three times. Finally the place of cardiovascular manifestations in the pathogenic hypotheses and nosology of Paget's disease is discussed. PMID- 1108163 TI - [The neurologic complications of Paget's disease]. AB - There are several neurological complications of Paget's disease. They may concern the medulla, the cauda equina, and also the cerebral trunk, the cranial nerves, and the brain. Complications are rare when the great frequency of Paget's disease is considered. But they should be recognized because they constitute an aspect of the disease the treatment of which is usually well tolerated of even negligible. The signs of involvement of the medulla, of the cauda equina, and those which complicate the basilar impressions usually develop in a progressive and not very spectacular fashion. Nevertheless, they should be recognized as soon as possible so that therapeutic measures may be taken. The results of modern medical treatments, calcitonin, cellulolytic medications, and possibly others are already sufficiently established to justify their use initially. Indications for surgical treatment appear when a check in medical therapy is observed after three months of treatment. PMID- 1108164 TI - [Radiculomedullary compressions by osteosarcoma and by giant cell tumor of the spine occurring in Paget's disease]. AB - Two complications of Paget's disease are presented : they include an osteogenic sarcoma and a giant-cell tumour (GCT) of the lumbar spine with a radiculo medullary compression syndrome. The rarity of sarcomatous degeneration of the spine affected by Paget's disease is emphasized and also the unusual character of the spinal GCT which develop in the presence of Paget's disease. As in the present case, it is often difficult to confirm the benign or malignant character of a GCT and the principal criteria of this classification are discussed. PMID- 1108165 TI - [Neurosensory complications of Paget's disease]. AB - The authors made a bibliographic study and report their conclusions with reference to problems concerning a personal series of 17 patients who had undergone an ocular examination, a cranial radiography studying the joint, a bilateral radiotomographic study of the ossicles and of the petrosal bone, an audiogram, and a bilateral electronystagmogram: 1. the rarity of angioid striae, the existence of which, in the view of the authors, does not allow Paget's disease to be included within the framework of the systemized elastorrhexis, 2. the frequency of ocular vascular lesions, 3. deafness is a constant phenomenon, when the cranial arch is affected usually in combination with other lesions ; the deafness is sometimes of transmission or sometimes of perception, but it can precede the cranial lesions. The signs of these can be found radiologically in the chain of ossicles and in the cochlea by means of special projections. The part played by basilar pressure in this deafness is negligible. Labyrinth disorders are rarely met. PMID- 1108166 TI - [Deafness and Paget's disease]. AB - Cases of deafness due to Paget's disease can be separated into two types : (1) deafness of a mainly mixed type in which progressive aggravation occurs particularly in the inner ear, and (2) perceptional deafness which progresses without involvement of the transmission apparatus. Among 35 hospitalized patients with Paget's disease, 21 of whom suffered cranial involvement, 18 cases of deafness related to the bone disease were discovered by means of systematic examinations. The deafness was of the mixed type in 11 cases and of the perceptional type in the other 7. Of the 11 patients with the mixed type of deafness with an ankylosis syndrome of the ossicles, 3 were operated upon : one of them underwent an operation to mobilize the stapes, and the two others underwent total stapedectomy followed by venous interposition and the positioning of a Teflon piston. The long-term results were frankly disappointing and did not suggest that these attempts at surgical treatment should be followed up. Calcitonin was employed in 9 patients (6 with mixed deafness and 3 with perception type deafness), with comparative audiograms in 5 cases, and was also not very effective : this lack of effect was a result of the long duration of the Paget's disease and of the deafness in the patients treated. The value of hormonal treatment in cases of deafness associated with Paget's disease will probably be in the prevention of this complication. PMID- 1108167 TI - [Surgical treatment of a pseudoarthrosis of the mandible]. PMID- 1108168 TI - [Problems posed during surgical repair of a gunshot wound in the mandible]. AB - The authors present a case of a balistic lesion of the labio-mental region after attempted suicide. They expose the different procedures used for its repair and attempt to analyze the problems which arose from the therapeutic standpoint. They lay stress on the necessity to immobilize these mandibular fragments in good occlusion, as rapidly as possibly. PMID- 1108169 TI - [Midfacial necrosis: a propos of 2 cases and review of the literature]. AB - Two patients presenting the clinical characteristics of the "Lethal Midline Granuloma" are discussed. In the first case, the autopsy allowed the final diagnosis of a histiocytic medullary reticulosis (Robb-Smith). For the second patient the late evolution and the final biopsy gave the diagnosis of malignant reticulosis without further detail. These two cases prove that for a midface necrosis no final diagnosis can be obtained without an extensive clinical examination and autopsy material. There are numerous arguments to consider the "Lethal Midline Granuloma" as a clinical term which can cover several pathological entities. A classification is proposed. PMID- 1108170 TI - [An original method of plastic surgery after treatment of cancer of the lower lip by resection]. AB - Oncological surgery leads to tissue loss which must be urgently compensated for in the facial region. Thus oncological facial surgery is the result of two components: excision surgery and restorative surgery which are in continuous contradiction, but which must attain perfect unity. By the method described, it is possible to carry out at a single intervention, scraping, excision and plastic repair, in this order, with maximum sparing of the other topographical regions of the face. It is indicated in limited lesions or on the contrary very wide-spread lesions of the lower lip, ensuring good anatomical and functional results. PMID- 1108171 TI - Advances in the surgical treatment of pressure sores. PMID- 1108172 TI - Percutaneous needle biopsy of skeletal muscle in physiological and clinical research. PMID- 1108173 TI - Editorial: Discriminant analysis in clinical chemistry. PMID- 1108174 TI - Noise reduction of ECG by averaging. An experimental study of the procedure and a validated method. AB - Electrical noise often hampers the interpretation of ECG and other heart synchronous signals. Time-coherent averaging is a commonly used method to reduce the noise. This method has been implemented on a computer with 12,000 12-bit words of core memory, suitable for on-line use in any clinical laboratory. An analysis was made of which demands apply to the exactness of synchronization of added heart cycles. The method was tested with respect to these demands and also, on a limited scale, for its efficiency in eliminating ectopic beats from the average. PMID- 1108175 TI - Selective culturing of Yersinia enterocolitica at a low temperature. AB - Stool specimens from patients with suspected Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. ent.) infection were cultured at +4 degrees C in a nutrient broth for 5 days and at the same time the same stool specimens were cultured by the routine method of the laboratory. The routine method gave 34 Y. ent. isolations. Selective culturing at +4 degrees C succeeded in isolation of the same 34 Y. ent. strains but also 15 further strains or a 44% increase in yield. Serial dilutions in broth of 34 strains of Y. ent., 7 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis and 14 strains of other gram-negative enterobacteria were cultured at +4 degrees C. Colony counts were performed from each dilution after 2 and 5 days. Human pathogenic strains of Y. ent. (serotype 3, 8, 9) increased markedly at +4 degrees C in contrast to the other gram-negative enterobacteria. PMID- 1108176 TI - The effect of doxycycline and tetracycline hydrochloride on the aerobic fecal flora, with special reference to Escherichia coli. AB - The effect on the aerobic faecal flora of a 10-day course of doxycycline or tetracycline hydrochloride was compared in 36 patients with acute infections mainly of respiratory origin. The patients were treated in hospital with a well developed barrier nursing technique. The proportions of isolates of Escherichia coli resistant to tetracyclines were significantly lower after 10 days' treatment with doxycycline (80%) as well as one month later (24%), compared to the figures for tetracycline HCI (100% and 46%, respectively). The resistant strains selected during therapy probably represented the community flora. Only a small increase in multiresistant strains occurred and no identical strains were found in different patients. Thus, it seems possible to limit the biological side-effects of tetracyclines by a good barrier nursing technique. An increase in the number of E. coli resistant to tetracyclines cannot be avoided, but is more limited when doxycycline is used. PMID- 1108177 TI - Complications of transrectal aspiration biopsy of the prostate. AB - Four cases of coli-sepsis, one with a fatal outcome have been observed after more than 14 000 transrectal aspiration biopsies (TAB) of the prostate performed at Karolinska Sjukhuset with Franzen's apparatus. A few cases of transient febrile reaction and urinary contamination after TAB of the prostate have also been recognised. One of the patients with sepsis and two with febrile reactions belonged to a relatively small group of patients referred from the Department of Rheumatology. These observations prompted the present study. The records of all the patients referred for TAB of the prostate from the Department of Rheumatology were reviewed. Four complications (three patients with febrile reaction and growth of E. coli in the urine and one case of sepsis) were observed after 63 biopsies in 51 patients (6.3%). The patient with sepsis and two other patients with complications belonged to a group of 32 patients with proven rheumatic disease (chronic polyarthritis): 42 biopsies had been performed in this particular group of patients, bringing the incidence of complication to 7.1%. For comparison the records of 294 patients from the Department of Urology submitted to TAB of the prostate were also reviewed. Complications in the form of transient febrile reactions were found in five cases after 508 biopsies (1.0%). In addition, three cases of coli-sepsis not belonging to the above-mentioned groups are briefly described as case reports. Patients with rheumatic disease (chronic polyarthritis) seem to run a higher risk of complications after TAB of the prostate. Sepsis from E. coli is a rare but serious complication which can develop into, often fatal, endotoxin shock. TAB of the prostate should therefore be restricted to cases with clinical suspicion of prostatic malignancy. PMID- 1108178 TI - A modified nephrostomy in the management of urinary fistula after renal transplantation. AB - A technique for complete urinary diversion was used in the management of urinary fistula following renal transplantation. Nephrostomy was modified by closing the renal pelvis at the ureteropelvic junction. No impairment of renal function occurred. In the presence of infection, it is reasonable first to treat the infection and postpone the reconstructive procedure until the infection has subsided. PMID- 1108180 TI - The effects of beta-adrenergic agents on the contractility of transplanted canine heart. AB - The effects of isoprenaline and adrenalin on the myocardial contractility of transplanted heart were studied in 6 mongrel dogs which had undergone orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Isoprenaline and adrenaline produced a fall in end diastolic and end-systolic volumes, and an increase in stroke volume, cardiac output and velocity of contraction when the heart rate was increased. Similar changes were observed in 4 mongrel dogs tested as controls, with the exception of a less pronounced increase of cardiac output after administration of isoprenaline and adrenalin and a fall in stroke volume associated with a higher acceleration of heart rate after administration of isoprenaline. These minor differences between the transplanted and intact heart were thought to be a reflexion of the increased blood volume following heart transplantation. PMID- 1108179 TI - Sudden massive hemorrhage after renal transplantation. AB - Five cases of sudden massive hemorrhage after renal transplantation are reported. It is supposed that an infective arteritis with damage of the artery wall caused the observed disruption of the arteries. Prompt ligation far from the infected site is recommended as necessary to prevent recurrence of the bleeding and to afford the best possibility for survival. PMID- 1108181 TI - Oscillography and digital pulse plethysmography in occlusive disease of the subclavian artery and the brachiocephalic trunk. A pre- and postoperative study. AB - Patients with occlusive disease of the subclavian artery or brachiocephalic trunk were examined by oscillography (17 cases) and digital pulse plethysmography (19 cases) before and after reconstruction of the occluded vessel. Before surgery the oscillographic amplitudes were significantly lower on the occluded than the contralateral arm, with no difference between the registration levels. Shape analysis of the digital pulse curve recordings gave significant differences in all variables, between the occluded and the contralateral arm, inclination time and RAMP25 being most sensitive. Idential studies repeated up to 6 months after surgery demonstrated a marked increase in oscillometric amplitudes at all levels on the operated side. In the digital pulse-curve recordings the greatest improvement was found in inclination time and RAMP25. PMID- 1108183 TI - [Evaluation of new histocompatibility tests for bone marrow transplantation]. AB - Histocompatibility testing has been performed in the families of 20 patients with aplastic anemia or acute leukemia, in order to identify a compatible donor for marrow transplantation. In several cases, the interpretation of the tests has been difficult because of abnormalities in the immune reactivity of patients' lymphocytes. Humoral or cellular immunization against donor incompatible antigens seems to prevent a "take" of the graft or a subsequent hematological remission. PMID- 1108182 TI - [Experiences with allogeneic and isogeneic bone marrow transplantations in aplastic anemia and acute leukemia]. AB - A report is presented on 13 clinical bone marrow transplantations (BMT). Six of 6 patients with refractory aplastic anemia are presently alive with partial to complete hemopoetic reconstitution now lasting up to 3 years and more. It is shown that after immunosuppression with ALG and cyclophosphamide, followed by BMT, the patient's own hemopoetic system can recover. Two failures occurred in patients over 50 years of age and in one who had donor transfusions before the graft. Two of 4 patients grafted for acute refractory leukemia are alive, one being in complete remission on day 140. One died from interstitial pneumonia and one had no take although the donor was an identical twin. This patient had been on a maintenance program which included active immunotherapy. PMID- 1108184 TI - [Neutropenia in disorders of the neutrophil motility]. AB - A 51-year-old patient exhibited severe neutropenia over a period of 12 months following lobectomy for carcinoma of the lung. Marrow neutrophil mass and marrow neutrophil production were measured quantitatively and were within normal limits. Mobilization into a skin window was absent. A defect in neutrophil motility could be demonstrated in vitro and was confirmed in vivo by poor neutrophil release from the marrow following injection of hydrocortisone; it thus represented a lazy leukocyte syndrome of the adult. PMID- 1108185 TI - [Connective tissue suspension in blade implantations. Preliminary report]. AB - An investigation on blade implants is in process. These implants represent endstanding abutments of fixed bridgework. It was found that the implants, adapting to heavy masticatory stresses, show a response in the bone representing a connective tissue suspension. PMID- 1108186 TI - [Problems of prosthetic treatment following preprosthetic measures in the maxilla]. AB - The experiences with prosthetic treatment of the maxilla, following praeprosthetic surgery have been examined. It is of significance that this surgical intervention does not always result in a more favorable jawform and interalveolar relationship, factors which help determine the stability of the denture during mastication. The postoperative prosthodontic treatment of maxillary resorption remains problematical quite often becoming still more complicated because of additional problems in part undiagnosed by the dentist. Some of these problems and their solutions are discussed in a clinical case. The importance of denture stability during mastication independent of other retentive factors is emphasized as well as an occlusion coordinated with the "condyle in fossacentric" and the chewing strokes. The disregard of these stabilizing and retentive factors is too frequently the cause of praeoperative as well as postoperative failure in addition to contributing to accelerated residual ridge resorption. PMID- 1108187 TI - [Impregum again]. PMID- 1108188 TI - [In memoriam Assistant Professor Hans A. Kreis Ph. D., Bern]. PMID- 1108189 TI - [Professor Dr. Spori's 65th birthday]. PMID- 1108191 TI - [History of paratuberculosis]. PMID- 1108190 TI - [Blood levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) during estrus, following administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), and following treatment with gestagens in cattle. (Report of preliminary results)]. PMID- 1108192 TI - Acupuncture develops in the struggle between the confucian thinking and the legalist thinking. PMID- 1108193 TI - Dr. Bush writes a report: "science--the endless frontier". PMID- 1108194 TI - Microtubule assembly and the intracellular transport of secretory granules in pancreatic islets. AB - Polymerized and depolymerized tubulin were measured in pancreatic islets under various physiological and pharmacological conditions. Variations in insulin release from islets of fed or fasted rats were accompanied by concomitant changes in tubulin polymerization. Glucose induced the formation of microtubules in vitro independent of extracellular calcium. Total and polymerized tubulin content were decreased by fasting and restored by glucose feeding. PMID- 1108195 TI - The neural crest and the origin of the insulin-producing and other gastrointestinal hormone-producing cells. AB - It has been proposed that the endocrine cells of the digestive tract derive from the neuroectoderm (neural crest). To test this hypothesis we removed the entire ectoderm, the precursor of the neural crest, of embryonic rats prior to the formation of the neural crest and cultured the mesoendoderm for 11 days. In every case where a pancreas developed, insulin was detected or B cells were observed. Thus, a neural crest origin for these cells is eiliminated. PMID- 1108196 TI - Blockage of ovulation in rats by inhibitory analogs of luteinizing hormones releasing hormone. AB - An antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). [D-Phe2-Phe3-D Phe6]-LH-RH (Phe, phenylalanine), suppressed luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release in male rats in response to LH-RH for at least 4 hours. Three subcutaneous injection of 1 milligram of this antagonist into rats during proestrus completely suppressed ovulation, while a single injection of 1.5 milligrams per rat inhibited 95.3 percent of the preovulatory surge of LH, 84.2 percent of the FSH surge, and suppressed ovulation by 86.4 percent. PMID- 1108197 TI - Haploidploidy and the evolution of the social insect. AB - Halminton (1) was apparently the first to appreciate that the synthesis of Mendelian genetics with Darwin's theory of natural selection had profound implications for social theory. In particular, insofar as almost all social behavior is either selfish or altruistic (or has such effects), genetical reasoning suggests that an individual's social behavior should be adjusted to his or her degree of relatedness, r, to all individuals affected by the behavior. We call this theory kinship theory. The social insects provide a critical test of Hamilton's kinship theory. When such theory is combined with the sex ratio theory of Fisher (9), a body of consistent predictions emerges regarding the haplodiploid Hymenoptera. The evolution of female workers helping their mother reproduce is more likely in the Hymenoptera than in diploid groups, provided that such workers lay some of the male-producing eggs or bias the ratio of investment toward reproductive females. Once eusocial colonies appear, certain biases by sex in these colonies are expected to evolve. In general, but especially in eusocial ants, the ratio of investment should be biased in favor of females, and in it is expected to equilibrate at 1 : 3 (male to female). We present evidence from 20 species that the ratio of investment in monogynous ants is, indeed, about 1 : 3, and we subject this discovery to a series of tests. As expected, the slave-making ants produce a ratio of investment of 1 : 1, polygynoys ants produce many more males than expected on the basis of relative dry weight alone, solitary bees and wasps produce a ratio of investment near 1 : 1 (and no greater than 1 : 2), and the social bumblebees produce ratios of investment between 1 : 1 and 1 : 3. In addition, sex ratios in monogynous ants and in trapnested wasps are, as predicted by Fisher, inversely related to the relative cost in these species of producing a male instead of a female. Taken together, these data provide quantitative evidence in support of kinship theory, sex ratio theory, the assumption that the offspring is capable of acting counter to its parents' best interests, and the supposition that haplodiploidy has played a unique role in the evolution of the social insects. Finally, we outline a theory for the evolution of worker-queen conflict, a theory which explains the queen's advantage in competition over male producing workers and the workers' advantage regarding the ratio of investment. The theory uses the asymmetries of haplodiploidy to explain how the evolved outcome of parent-offspring conflict in the social Hymenoptera is expected to be a function of certain social and life history parameters. PMID- 1108198 TI - BCG inhibition of murine leudemia: local suppression and systemic tumor immunity require different doses. AB - The quantitative relationship between bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and tumor cells which are optimal for suppressing the growth of tumor cells in BCG-tumor cell mixtures are detrimental to the development of a sustained, systemic tumor rejection immunity in the LSTRA murine leukemia. PMID- 1108199 TI - Melatonin inhibition of the neonatal pituitary response to luteinizing hormone releasing factor. AB - Neonatal rat anterior pituitary glands treated in organ culture with 1 nanomolar luteinzing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) showed a tenfold increase in medium luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations over control values. Simultaneous treatment of the glands with 1 nanomolar melatonin significantly reduced the stimulatory effect of LRF on release of LH. This finding indicates that melatonin can act directly on the neonatal pituitary to inhibit the LH response to LRF. PMID- 1108200 TI - Sleep during transcendental meditation. AB - Five experienced practitioners of transcendental meditation spent appreciable parts of meditation sesions in sleep stages 2, 3, and 4. Time spent in each sleep stage varied both between sessions for a given subject and between subjects. In addition, we compare electroencephalogram records made during meditation with those made during naps taken at the same time of day. The range of states observed during meditation does not support the view that meditation produces a single, unique state of consciousness. PMID- 1108201 TI - Tobacco fraction 1 protein: a unique genetic marker. PMID- 1108202 TI - Influence of brain and behavior on the immune system. AB - It has been shown experimentally that psychosocial processes influence the susceptibility to some infections, to some neoplastic processes, and to some aspects of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. These psychosocial effects may be related to hypothalamic activity. Reviewing the mechanisms that may be involved in the role of the hypothalamus in immune responses indicates that there is no single mediating factor. Various processes may participate, including the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine activity. The research reviewed has been limited primarily to a consideration of the effect of hypothalamic lesions on humoral immune responses. There is some evidence (45, 80) indicating that hypothalamic lesions also modify cell-mediated immune responses. Further research is required to evaluate the effect of the hypothalamus on cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 1108203 TI - Characterization of a cell-lethal product from the photooxidation of tryptophan: hydrogen peroxide. AB - Near-ultraviolet (300 to 400 nanometers) irradiation of saturated, oxygenated solutions of tryptophan in the absence of added sensitizer gives rise to substances that have various biological effects on isolated cells, including mutagenicity and selective lethality to recombination-deficient bacterial mutants. One of these biologically active products has been identified as H2O2, on the basis of spectrometric, chromatographic, chemical, and biological properties. Now H2O2 has been shown to account for the biological activities mentioned above. PMID- 1108204 TI - [Study of postural variations of the arteriovenous rheogram following delivery under the effect of a vasoactive treatment]. PMID- 1108205 TI - Combined use of ultrasound and nuclear medicine techniques in kidney disease. AB - Combined ultrasound and nuclear medicine procedures in the evaluation of urinary tract disease are essentially limited to the kidneys. They are useful in the evaluation of patients with masses, renal failure, unilateral nonfunctioning kidney, trauma, and transplants. In our experience the combined use of these techniques has increased diagnostic accuracy and in many cases has obviated the need for more complex procedures associated with higher radiation doses. This is an especially important factor in children and in adults in the childbearing age group. We have achieved success with these modalities because of the constant communication between the referring physicians and the ultrasound and nuclear medicine divisions. PMID- 1108206 TI - Applications of diagnostic ultrasound and radionuclides to cardiovascular diagnosis. Part II. Cardiovascular disease in the young. AB - Echocardiography (ECHO) and radionuclide cardiography have had a significant impact on pediatric cardiology because they have proved to be sensitive enough to permit early diagnosis of many forms of heart disease and in some cases to estimate its severity and to provide information concerning ventricular performance. An overview of the anatomic and functional information that can be obtained from these two methods will be presented first, followed by details concerning the indications for their use and their relative clinical value in various acquired and congenital heart diseases. We have stressed particularly those facets of pediatric cardiac disease that differ most from those in the adult. PMID- 1108207 TI - Nuclear medicine and ultrasound in the evaluation of neurologic diseases. AB - Echoencephalography and radionuclide brain imaging are used to aid in the diagnosis of a variety of intracranial abnormalities. Because of technical considerations, A-mode rather than B-mode echography must, under most circumstances, be employed for examination of the head. There are technical limitations to echoencephalography, and it tends to be relatively subjective and dependent on the skill of the sonographer. These factors have, to some extent, been responsible for the more limited application of ultrasound to neurologic diagnosis, as compared to the application of radionuclides. The most common use of echoencephalography is in the detection of midline shifts associated with various sequelae of head trauma. Ultrasound has also been used to detect space occupying lesions, either directly or more usually by determing associated midline displacements. The characterization and follow-up of known lesions with ultrasound has also been described. In the above instances its usefulness is usually as a noninvasive technique complementary to nuclear medicine studies, which under most circumstances are more effective than ultrasound. The evaluation of ventricular enlargement, which is not usually possible per se with radionuclides, is possible with ultrasound. Computerized transverse tomography (CTT) can be applied more efficiently in a routine way in many of the above circumstances, including evaluation of ventricular size. The combination of CTT and nuclear medicine procedures in the brain area is so effective and comprehensive that where these are both available the demand for ultrasound will probably decrease but will not be eliminated. PMID- 1108208 TI - Comparison of 99mTc-labeled phosphate and phosphonate agents for skeletal imaging. AB - The use of 99mTc-labeled phosphate and phosphonate compounds in place of 18F, 85Sr, and 87Sr for bone scintigraphy has become commonplace throughout the world in a relatively short time. The labeling of polyphosphate with 99mTc 4 years ago, followed rapidly by the introduction of 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate for skeletal imaging, must therefore be regarded as a major contribution to the practice of diagnostic nuclear medicine. The markedly reduced patient radiation exposure and concomitant increase in photon detection efficiency derived from the more favorable physical decay characteristics of 99mTc led to increased sensitivity and resolution and in turn to improved diagnostic efficacy. The subsequent clinical use of the phosphonate complex 99mTc-HEDP represented a further modification of the same basic approach. Current clinical trials with 99mTc labeled methylene diphosphonic acid (MDP), which appears to demonstrate enhanced biologic properties for scintigraphy of the osseous structures, is the latest example in this series of refinements. This article compares the technetium labeled agents already in clinical use and, using animal data, contrasts them with several new multifunctional phosphonates and the novel inorganic compound sodium imidodiphosphate (IDP). In addition, an attempt is made to clarify the conflicting evidence in the nuclear medicine literature regarding the relationship between polyphosphate chain length and skeletal uptake. PMID- 1108209 TI - Paget's disease of bone. AB - Nuclear medicine techniques are currently playing an important complementary role in the evaluation, management, and follow-up of the patient who is suspected of having Paget's disease of bone. The earlier diagnoses made possible by some of the described techniques should lead to a better understanding of the basic pathophysiology and, in addition, result in improved therapeutic modalities. PMID- 1108210 TI - Bone and marrow imaging in sickle cell disease: diagnosis of infarction. AB - Sickling of erythrocytes in patients with S-hemoglobin causes marrow and bone infarction. The former can be demonstrated as a lack of 99mTc-sulfur colloid uptake on marrow imaging examination. These defects may resolve or persist long after the acute episode. If the bone is involved in the acute episode, imaging within the first few days of onset of symptoms can show lack of 99mTc-labeled phosphate uptake, usually in a smaller area than that shown by marrow scanning. Follow-up bone imaging shows increased activity, particularly along the circumference of the bone where periosteal reaction can be demonstrated radiographically. Magnification by use of the pinhole collimator provides better definition of the uptake defect and the distribution of the increased reactive uptake. Timing of examination is important. If marrow imaging is performed in an asymptomatic period, the repeat examination during a painful crisis permits differentiation of old and acute marrow infarction. If 99mTc-phosphate imaging is performed after about 2 days of symptoms, acute infarction can be differentiated from osteomyelitis, which it may mimic clinically. Although osteomyelitis may cause no increased activity in the first 48 hr after onset of symptoms, it is characterized by intense focal activity thereafter (see article by Handmaker in this issue). To assist in differentiating bone infection in a site of marrow infarction demonstrated by marrow imaging, serial bone imaging with magnification may be useful. The uptake defect, followed in several days to 2 weeks, by circumferential increased activity, is a different pattern than the homogeneously intense activity of osteomyelitis, but the peripheral distribution may not be apparent on routine imaging. It is hoped that the utilization of these techniques can decrease the emotional and economic costs of prolonged hospitalization for suspected infection and can also expand our knowledge of the complex pathophysiologic changes of sickle cell bone disease. PMID- 1108211 TI - John W. Ferree, M.D., M.P.H. (1904-1975). PMID- 1108212 TI - The Pauper Hospital in early Singapore (part III) (1840-1849)--Section 2. PMID- 1108213 TI - The benign lymphoepithelial lesion--a harbinger of neoplasia. AB - The patient presented had well-documented benign lymphoepithelial lesion, many years before the appearance of neoplastic disease. The relationship between this type of lesion and the later development of neoplasia is unclear, but evidence points to its existence, and further study is needed to clarify its frequency and significance. It appears that in some patients the benign lymphoepithelial lesion is a forerunner of the neoplastic process, and thus may serve as another clinical clue to the early diagnosis of neoplasia, especially that on the lymphoreticuloendothelial cell type. PMID- 1108214 TI - Eponym: Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1108215 TI - [V.I. Lenin on the protection of the external environment]. PMID- 1108216 TI - [M.I. Kalinin and problems of public health (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 1108217 TI - [The red doctor (Petr A. Sergievskii)]. PMID- 1108218 TI - [From the history of the struggle of students of the medical faculty of Moscow University against reaction in the years 1910-1916]. PMID- 1108219 TI - [From the history of ancient Colchid-Iberian medicine]. PMID- 1108220 TI - [Strike committees and medical aid for the railroad workers in 1905-1907]. PMID- 1108221 TI - [Sources of the general theoretical basis of Soviet medicine]. PMID- 1108222 TI - [Medicine in ancient Egypt (1st essay)]. PMID- 1108223 TI - [Role of N.A. Semashko in the development of German-Soviet relations in the field of medicine]. PMID- 1108224 TI - [J.C. Loder and the development of Russian-German scientific ties]. PMID- 1108225 TI - [In memory of M.P. Konchalovskii (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 1108226 TI - [Professor Vladimir Fedorovich Snegirev - founder of Russian gynecology]. PMID- 1108227 TI - [Clinical characteristics of an outbreak of 0-124 Escherichia coli infection]. PMID- 1108228 TI - [Anatiolii Innokent'evich Nesterov (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 1108229 TI - [Ischemic colitis]. PMID- 1108230 TI - [20 years of the Traumatological Research Institute in Brno]. PMID- 1108231 TI - [Typing of group A Streptococcus by passive hemagglutination]. PMID- 1108232 TI - [Editorial: A few episodes of scientific meetings]. PMID- 1108233 TI - [Experimental arthritis in mice induced by hemolytic Streptococcus]. PMID- 1108234 TI - Synthesis of certain puromycin analogues and their use in studying the peptidyl synthetase enzyme of e. coli and rat liver ribosomes. AB - The beta-alanyl and L-histidyl analogues of puromycin were synthesized chemically and tested for their ability to release [3H] N-acetylphenylalanine from its tRNA carrier in the rat liver and E. Coli ribosomal systems. Both analogues were found to be inactive in releasing [3H] N-acetylphenylalanine. Reasons for the inactivity of these compounds are discussed in relation to the structure of the puromycin molecule and the requirements for puromycin-like activity. PMID- 1108235 TI - Carbenicillin in acute renal failure. AB - Three septicaemic patients with acute renal failure required carbenicillin. Septicaemia was caused by Pseudomonas in 2 patients and by Serratia marcescens in the third. Therapy in the first 2 patients was complicated by massive gastro intestinal and uterine bleeding. Septicaemia in the third patient was initially uncontrolled owing to inadequate serum levels of carbenicillin, despite increased dosage as renal function improved. The problems and indications for the use of carbenicillin in renal failure are discussed and the possible relationship to bleeding diathesis is considered. PMID- 1108236 TI - History of mental health services in South Africa. Part XI. Services for alcoholics. AB - The earliest services for alcoholics in South Africa were begun by private organisations. The first legal steps were taken in 1911. The number of alcoholics in South Africa is discussed and a report on the 'tot system' is given. The facilities for the treatment of alcoholics are described, with special reference to the role of the Department of Social Welfare and the South African National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. PMID- 1108237 TI - In memoriam: William Claude Harington. PMID- 1108238 TI - History of mental health in South Africa. Part XII. Services for criminals, delinquents and psychopaths. AB - The development in the United States of psychiatric services for delinquents and criminals, which had a considerable influence on mental health services in South Africa, is described. It was followed by the appointment of court psychiatrists in thsi country, mainly to assist the Children's Courts. The findings of the Rumpff Commission on the responsibility of the mentally deranged persons are described, and psychiatric services for children are discussed. PMID- 1108239 TI - In memoriam: Ludwig Maurice Cohen. PMID- 1108240 TI - Thirty years of existence of the Czechoslovakian health protection system. PMID- 1108241 TI - The international significance of N. A. Semashko's theoretical legacy (on the occasion of the centenary of his birth). PMID- 1108242 TI - Factors influencing morbidity and mortality of renal transplantation in a high risk population. AB - A group of 37 patients with 39 renal transplants were studied from January 1971 to June 1974, in which 32 were considered at high risk by well defined cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, cerebral vascular, or pulmonary disease or age categories. Three of the 37 patients have died, and two patients in the high risk group, 92 per cent. Eighty-eight per cent of the entire group have functioning kidneys at present, and 93 per cent of those in the high risk group have functioning kidneys. Evaluation of pretransplant mixed lymphocyte cultures, HL-A antigen, and immune responder status; close follow-up observation of lymphocyte culture and humoral responses by in vitro testing; and the use of antilymphoblast globulin are considered to be the reasons for the improved results. PMID- 1108243 TI - Effect of suture materials on healing skin wounds. AB - A systematic comparison has been made of six suture materials used as subcuticular closure of abdominal incisions in dogs. The effect on wound healing was measured by mechanical, biochemical, and histologic methods. No difference was demonstrated in wound breading strength among wounds closed with different suture materials up to 28 days postoperatively. At 70 days, wounds sutured with nonabsorbable sutures were weaker than those closed with absorbable sutures, but this difference probably was due to a much higher incidence of infection in wounds closed with nonabsorbable sutures. It was our observation that monofilament sutures were superior to multifilament sutures with regard to the incidence of wound infection. By five days, the rate of collagen synthesis in wounds was increased over that of normal skin and remained elevated throughout the 120 day observation period. Suture material had no effect on collagen synthesis. The rate of noncollagenous protein synthesis in the wound was not altered throughout the entire observation period and did not differ from that measured in normal skin. Catgut, both plain and chromic, produced only a mild cellular reaction in dogs after 21 days as contrasted with the intense inflammatory reaction reported by others in rats and rabbits. We observed neither plain nor chromic catgut was absorbed rapidly in dogs; intact sutures were frequently observed at 120 days. Polyglactin, a synthetic absorbable suture, produced a moderate tissue reaction and uniformly disappeared between the twenty eighth and seventieth days. Silk and Mersilene showed the highest rate of wound infection and the most intense and prolonged tissue reaction. Prolene, a monofilament suture, produced only a mild to moderate tissue reaction. These results taken in conjunction with those of other investigators suggest a marked species difference in the reaction to suture materials, particularly catgut, and suggest caution in transferring these observations to human beings. PMID- 1108244 TI - Colonoscopy associated bacteremia. AB - Fifty-two patients undergoing uneventful diagnostic colonoscopy with or without polypectomy and biopsy were evaluated for evidence of bacteremia during and after the procedure. In only two instances was bacteremia noted. Positive findings were noted in patients with carcinomatosis and severe liver involvement. These data suggest that routine prophylactic antibiotic coverage is unnecessary in uncompromised patients. Further studies are warranted when patients have either severe liver involvement or impairment of normal host defense mechanisms. PMID- 1108245 TI - Otorhinolaryngology. PMID- 1108246 TI - Plastic surgery and burns. PMID- 1108247 TI - Transplantation. PMID- 1108248 TI - An experimental study of the backward movement of President Kennedy's head. PMID- 1108249 TI - Stress in surgical patients as a neurophysiologic reflex response. PMID- 1108250 TI - Oculogenital disease. AB - This review comprises brief discussions of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory features, and treatment of the oculogenital diseases as they appear typically in the newborn infant, the child, and the adult. Inclusion conjunctivitis is the most frequently occurring oculogenital infection in all three categories of patient. Oculogenital diseases are becoming increasingly important in both frequency and severity. They can be extremely serious and may thus require the immediate attention of the physician. PMID- 1108251 TI - Ophthalmic complications of giant cell arteritis. AB - Temporal arteritis, or giant cell arteritis, is a common cause of blindness among older age groups. Classical and occult forms are described with particular reference to ocular symptomatology. Although the disease is self-limiting and usually subsides spontaneously within a year, prompt diagnosis and treatment are required if second eye involvement and blindness are to be prevented. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is of major significance to diagnosis, but biopsy is necessary to prove or disprove the existence of temporal arteritis. Pathology, etiology, association with other disorders and laboratory studies are discussed. A regime of corticosteroid therapy is recommended and described in detail. PMID- 1108253 TI - Is carcinoma of the main hepatic duct junction an indication for liver transplantation or palliative surgery? A plea for the U tube palliative procedure. PMID- 1108252 TI - The incidence of adverse reactions from steroid/antiinfective combinations. AB - Steroid/antiinfective combinations have a number of advantages over the separate ingredients, but the possibility of complications has been a subject of concern. Based on data obtained from the files of eight pharmaceutical companies and the health registry records of the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand for the period 1964-1973, it is concluded that the statistical incidence of adverse reactions was no greater with the steroid/antiinfective combinations than with their separate ingredients. In addition, there was no increase in incidence of the reactions during the same period with combinations. These conclusions were borne out by adverse reaction data reported in the literature and in certain unpublished prospective clinical studies. It was not feasible to obtain data from ophthalmologists who may have observed adverse reactions, but not reported them. A critical evaluation by Dr. Philip Ellis follows the review. PMID- 1108254 TI - Hyperglycemic pseudorejection in the diabetic transplant patient. AB - Serum creatinine elevation in a stable transplant recipient most often suggests rejection of the transplant and requires further evaluation and management. In our series of juvenile diabetic patients who have received kidney transplants, we frequently have observed creatinine elevations in association with hyperglycemia. Correction of the hyperglycemia resulted in return of serum creatinine to normal levels and no rejection therapy was required. To better define this syndrome, 2,734 paired measurements of blood glucose and serum creatinine were obtained in 52 stable post-transplant diabetic patients. A mean increase in blood glucose of 100 mg. per 100 ml. was found to increase serum creatinine by 0.5 mg. per 100 ml. in these patients (r=0.93; p less than or equal to 0.001). Evidence strongly suggests that the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is not a result of a laboratory artifact due to the technique used to determine serum creatinine. The pathogenesis may be due to the increased serum osmolarity and resulting intracellular dehydration associated with hyperglycemia. Recognition of this syndrome is important to all centers participating in the care and management of the diabetic transplant recipient. PMID- 1108255 TI - Computer processed 99mTc-DTPA studies of renal allotransplants. AB - In order to refine the diagnostic possibilities of the radionuclide renal study in transplanted patients and to compensate for the nonspecificity of the 131I hippuran study in some situation, 99mTc-DTPA WAS USED SIMULTANEOUSLY FOR IMAGING AND TIME-ACTIVITY CURVES. For these curves to be significant, appropriate background subtraction had to be made with a simple computer-processing method. The results obtained have shown that it is possible to distinguish marked acute tubular necrosis from milder degrees, thus affording a prognostic index in the immediate postoperative period, when the hippuran data are often nonspecific. Further, the diagnosis and follow-up of acute rejection episodes can be improved by the DTPA processed curves. Although these curves when examined individually do not show a specific pattern for rejection, they may reveal striking evolutionary changes when compared to the previous studies, even when the hippuran curves are unchanged. The physiologic basis for the differences between the two time activity curves may be related to the differential handling of the two radiopharmaceuticals by the kidney. PMID- 1108256 TI - Serum lactic dehydrogenase and irreversible renal allograft rejection. AB - The relationship between serum lactic dehydrogenase (SLDH) values and renal allograft rejection was examined in the dog and in man. Nine dogs with renal allografts and four with autografts had similar maximal elevations of SLDH during the first five postoperative days (mean, 420 +/- 213 and 433 +/- 80 I.U. per liter, respectively). During rejection of the allografts between days 7 and 14 the maximum SLDH was 810 +/- 285 I.U. per liter, and in autografts the peak SLDH was 233 +/- 22 I.U. per liter (p less than 0.01). The isoenzyme pattern of maximum SLDH during rejection was prominent in LDH5 and corresponded with renal tissue LDH isoenzyme composition. In 93 episodes of initial acute human renal allograft rejection reactions, the SLDH peaked above 500 I.U. per liter in 23 cases and remained below 500 I.U. per liter in 70 cases. SLDH levels above 500 I.U. per liter were associated with complete rejection of the kidney in 91 percent of patients and SLDH levels persistently below 500 I.U. per liter corresponded with reversal of rejection reaction in 99 percent of patients (p less than 0.01). Marked SLDH elevation is associated with severe, usually complete renal allograft rejection and may be useful in identifying patients with irreversible rejection reactions. PMID- 1108257 TI - Improved patient survival in renal transplantation. AB - Patient and graft survival in 655 consecutive renal transplants performed at the University of California, San Francisco, was analyzed in two separate groups to assess the results of the low-dose immunosuppressive regimen established in September, 1972. These results show that graft survival is not jeopardized by adopting a policy of low-dose immunosuppressive therapy, but, in fact, that patient survival is improved significantly. This study also shows that cadaver renal transplantation can be performed with a mortality rate comparable to or better than that in patients on chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 1108258 TI - Immunotherapy with neuraminidase-treated cells and bacillus Calmette-Guerin. AB - Experiments were designed to determine the effectiveness of active immunotherapy, both specific (neuraminidase-treated cells) and nonspecific [bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) organisms] in the L1210-BDF1 tumor-host system. Tumor burden was minimized with chemotherapy (1,3-bis-(20chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) prior to immunotherapy. The effectiveness of immunotherapy was dependent on the amount of drug used to minimize tumor burden. An interval 36 hours between chemotherapy and immunotherapy produced the maximum number of survivors. A single immunization with 10(4) neuraminidase-treated cells was superior to other single or multiple immunizations. BCG was most effective when mice were given 393 X 10(5) organisms. Beneficial effects of immunotherapy were observed only when immunizations were given by an intraperitoneal route. All mice cured of tumor developed tumor specific immunity. The highest levels of immunity were observed in mice given both neuraminidase-treated cells and BCG organisms after chemotherapy. PMID- 1108259 TI - Studies on infiltrating host cells harvested from acutely rejecting rat cardiac allografts. AB - Although the cellular events of rejection of organ allografts have been fully described histologically, little information exists regarding actual mechanisms of graft destruction. Available concepts are based primarily upon assays performed in vitro. This study describes a model designed to correlate such in vitro information with events occurring in vivo within acutely rejecting organ allografts. Infiltrating host cells had been harvested by two techniques from heterotopic cardiac allografts in rats. The various cell classes have been noted and their differential rates of accumulation compared to serial histological observations. Subpopulations of cells have been identified by surface markers, and specific cytotoxicity against donor alloantigen has been determined as a T lymphocyte function. These techniques may be of aid in unraveling the complexities of graft rejection. PMID- 1108260 TI - Isolated metachronous renal artery emboli. AB - We have reported on a patient with isolated metachronous renal artery emboli. The second embolus was treated successfully surgically 12 hours after the onset of symptoms. A review of the literature shows that emboli to the renal arteries occur more frequently than realized and that late embolectomy often is successful. A clinical triad of flank pain, atrial fibrillation, and nonfunctioning of the involved kidney has been discussed. PMID- 1108261 TI - In situ kidney preservation for transplantation with use of profound hypothermia (5 to 20 degrees C.) with an intact circulation. AB - Twenty-seven anesthetized dogs were surface cooled at 4 to 6 degrees C. or 15 to 20 degrees C. Circulation was provided by the mechanical ventricular assist in 23 dogs. After 24 or 48 hours of in situ preservation, the kidneys were transplanted into the necks or iliac fossas of anephric recipients. Renal function was preserved in the cadaver for up to 48 hours at 15 to 20 degrees C. by maintaining a pulsatile circulation. Further cooling to 4 to 6 degrees C. caused progressive deterioration in renal function. The nonperfused kidneys kept in situ at 4 to 6 degrees C. did not produce any urine after transplantation. If the practical problems of total body cooling are solved, in situ preservation of multiple organs in the cadaver would increase the number of available organs for transplantation. PMID- 1108262 TI - Vascular complications in human renal transplantation. AB - There were 13 arterial complications in 202 transplants done in 162 patients, an incidence of 6.5 percent. Renal arterial stenosis was demonstrated by angiogram in six kidneys; four were reconstructed successfully. Four renal arterial occlusions were found in delayed rejected kidneys. Of three arterial dehiscences secondary to infection, all led to graftectomy. One of these patients died 56 days later due to infectious hepatitis, and one underwent a successful retransplant. One patient had an occluded iliac artery which was repaired successfully. A single venous complication occurred in one patient. PMID- 1108263 TI - [District health nurse in Oppland: Svea Bergh retires as president of the Norwegian Nursing Association's National Group of Health Nurses. At the same time a wish is fulfilled: District Nursing School in Tomso]. PMID- 1108264 TI - [Works of M.P. Konchalovskii on digestion]. PMID- 1108265 TI - [History of the Moscow Municipal Scientific Society of Therapeutists (1875 1975)]. PMID- 1108266 TI - [Problems of hematology in the works of M.P. Konchalovskii]. PMID- 1108267 TI - [M.P. Konchalovskii and military medicine (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 1108268 TI - [On the centenary of birth of Maksim Petrovich Konchalovskii]. PMID- 1108269 TI - [M.P. Konchalovskii - a prominent teacher and aducator]. PMID- 1108270 TI - TMA honors retiring librarian (Pauline Duffield). PMID- 1108271 TI - No skeletons: just a fascinating hobby found in family history. (Lois Norman). PMID- 1108272 TI - [Eye injuries. A literature review]. PMID- 1108273 TI - [Limitations in diagnostic assistance capacity supported by electronic data processing (EDP)]. PMID- 1108274 TI - [Therapy with a new broad spectrum penicillin in general practice]. PMID- 1108275 TI - [The managment of polyarthrosis with Leukona-Rheuma bath]. PMID- 1108276 TI - [Mucolytic therapy for respiratory system diseases. Clinical-experimental results before and after treatment with Transbronchin]. PMID- 1108277 TI - In memoriam Istvan Rusznyak 1889-1974. PMID- 1108278 TI - [Hypothalamic therapies. Introduction]. PMID- 1108279 TI - Local fibrinolysis as a mechanism for haemorrhage. PMID- 1108280 TI - Indications for antifibrinolytic therapy. PMID- 1108281 TI - Short-term enhancement of plasminogen activator in vivo by drugs. PMID- 1108282 TI - Assays for fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products in biological fluids: some methodological aspects. PMID- 1108283 TI - Biological effects of fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products. PMID- 1108284 TI - Mini-dose heparin. PMID- 1108285 TI - [Clofibrate in coronary diseases]. PMID- 1108287 TI - [Practice-related laboratory tests. 4. Diagnosis of dermatomycoses]. PMID- 1108286 TI - [Lithogenic bile]. PMID- 1108288 TI - Response of serum LH, FSH and prolactin to injection of synthetic LH-RH into rat anterior pituitary. AB - Changes in serum LH, FSH and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay following injection of synthetic LH-RH into the anterior pituitary and median eminence of rats. The time course of serum levels of LH and FSH after injection of synthetic LH-RH into the pituitary showed a peak at 15 min. The synthetic LH RH had a more marked releasing effect on LH than on FSH. After injection of 20 ng into the pituitary, the serum LH rose to about 10.7 times the control level but the serum FSH only to about 1.8 times. A significant rise of serum LH over the control level was noted after injection of more than 0.2 ng of synthetic LH-RH, while that of serum FSH was after injection of more than 2 ng. An injection of 2 ng of synthetic LH-RH into the pituitary following 0.1 mug of estradiol benzoate resulted in a fall of serum LH and FSH levels, and a rise of serum prolactin level. An injection of 2 ng of synthetic LH-RH into the median eminence resulted in a tendency towards slight decrease in serum LH and FSH. No significant response of serum prolactin to synthetic LH-RH was noted. PMID- 1108289 TI - Medicare reimbursement. PMID- 1108290 TI - Development of health insurance. PMID- 1108291 TI - In Memoriam Paul R. Saunders. PMID- 1108292 TI - Fixation of dormant Tilletia teliospores for thin sectioning. AB - Dormant Tilletia caries teliospores in fixative solution or distilled water were frozen onto specimen chucks of an FTS Sorvall-Christensen frozen thin sectioner and cut or fractured at various temperatures (-20 C to -75 C) and thickness settings (10, 15, 20 and 25 mum). Cytoplasm of dormant spores was well preserved and organelles were found to differ from those of germinated spores in morphology. This procedure makes it possible to fix adequately dormant spores and thus compare the ultrastructure and histochemistry of dormant spores with those of germinated spores. PMID- 1108293 TI - [Dynamics and reconstruction of the masticatory apparatus after raising the bite]. PMID- 1108294 TI - [Advantage of porcelain teeth in removable prostheses]. PMID- 1108295 TI - [Osteosynthesis of fragments of the mandible by homologous grafting of sections and ultrasonic coagulation]. PMID- 1108296 TI - [Platic closure of extensive defects of the maxillofacial area following extensive surgical operations for cancer]. PMID- 1108297 TI - [Speech restoration in orthopedic treatment]. PMID- 1108299 TI - [Use of twins in studying dental caries (review of the literature)]. PMID- 1108298 TI - [A method of preparation of sets of diciduous teeth made of plastic]. PMID- 1108300 TI - [In memory of Prof. Moisei Iakovlevich Berri]. PMID- 1108301 TI - [V.V. Dadal'ian (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 1108302 TI - [Submersion of the base of a clasp prosthesis into the mandibular mucosa in free end saddles]. PMID- 1108303 TI - [Replacement of defects of the mandible by preserved allogenic bone in children]. PMID- 1108304 TI - [Review on the afterloading technics in gynecological radiotherapy]. AB - A review of clinically used afterloading techniques - remote controlled and manually operated ones - is given by tables. The advantages of afterloading techniques are discussed with regard to radiation protection as well as to the therapy of gynecologic carcinomas. PMID- 1108305 TI - [The bilateral breast neoplasm]. AB - Of 282 patients, who had been treated for breast cancer between 1968 and 1973, bilateral carcinoma was diagnosed in 23 women. In these, a simultaneous second carcinoma was found seven times; in 16 cases, the second carcinoma developed during the further course of the disease, wherein the free intervals amounted to maximally 20 years. Attention is drawn to the relatively high risk of up to eight or ten per cent for the development of a carcinoma in the contralateral breast following the previous unilateral carcinoma. This reason calls for a half-yearly, clinical and radiological check-up examination of women having been treated for carcinoma of the breast. Finally, the problem of differentiation of a primary, autonomous second carcinoma from metastases of the first carcinoma on the contralateral side is considered and discussed with regard to the corresponding references in literature. PMID- 1108306 TI - Philip H. Arnot, 1894-1974. PMID- 1108307 TI - L. Grant Baldwin, 1902-1974. PMID- 1108308 TI - Olin M. Holmes, 1896-1974. PMID- 1108309 TI - Glenn N. Rotton, 1896-1974. PMID- 1108310 TI - Roster of fellows and life fellows, Pacific Coast Obstetrical and Gynecological Society. PMID- 1108311 TI - Modification of the rat alloimmune response by enhancing antibodies and the role of blocking factors in the survival of renal grafts. AB - Correlation of morphological and immunological events ocurring in control and passively enhanced rat renal allograft recipients has revealed an important role for vasculitis in rejection, whereas the tempo and severity of graft lymphocyte infiltration and tubular damage was comparable in both groups during the first 5 days. Thereafter, the degree of cellular infiltration in enhanced allografts progressed and actually exceeded that in control grafts. 2-Mercaptoethanol sensitive lymphocytotoxic antibodies were present in both groups with comparable titers and appearance times; however, the presence of a severe IgG-containing necrotizing arteritis and glomerulitis in control, but not enhanced, grafts suggests that passive enhancement protects by interfereing with the cooperative T cell-dependent inductive response. Further support for this possibility comes from the fact that the development of cytotoxic lymphocytes against donor target cells was delayed for 48 hr in the enhanced group. While controls died at days 9 11, enhanced animals entered a period of prolonged survival with stable renal function. This state of "autoenhancement" was characterized by a low degree of cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the appearance of serum factors that blocked the in vitro cellular assay. Blocking factors have a low affinity for the attacking cell population, suggesting that they are immune complexes or anti-idiotypic antibodies, and not free alloantibody of high affinity. PMID- 1108312 TI - The immunogenicity of tooth allografts in rats. AB - Orthotopic and heterotopic tooth allografts stimulated the production of alloantibodies in rats incompatible at the major histocompatibility locus. The immunogenicity of whole tooth grafts was slightly diminished but not eliminated by sealing the pulp cavity prior to grafting. Suspensions of dentine in saline elicited alloantibody formation on i.p. injection into allogeneic hosts. Orthotopic tooth allografts, but not heterotopic grafts, were as effective as skin allografts at stimulating second set rejection of challenging skin grafts. Orthotopic tooth allografts were indistinguishable from syngeneic grafts on histological examination over the period 1-6 weeks after grafting. The occurrence of alloantibody formation after tooth grafting was capricious, and this, combined with the histological difficulty of distinguishing syngeneic from allogeneic grafts, and also the differing capacity of orthotopic and heterotopic tooth allografts to provoke accelerated skin grafts rejection, probably accounts for some of the differences of opinion expressed previously on the immunogenicity of grafted teeth. PMID- 1108313 TI - Cytotoxic and enhancing properties of early gammaM alloantibodies elicited by first set renal allografts. In vitro and in vivo studies with rat and guinea pig complement on somatic target cells with varying antigen density. AB - First set rat renal allografts transplanted over the strong Ag-B histocompatibility locus elicit antibodies of the gammaM class demonstrable at the time of graft rejection. These early gammaM alloantibodies with guinea pig complement are cytotoxic in vitro to high antigen density target cells like lymph node cells and splenocytes but not to low antigen density target cells like thymocytes and bone marrow cells. With rat complement, gammaM alloantibodies are required in far greater amounts to kill some high density target cells. This in vitro discrepancy between rat and guinea pig complement is not caused by the presence of natural antibody in guinea pig serum nor by a deficiency of complement components in rat serum, but is dependent on the antigen antibody interaction studied. In vivo studies show early gammaM alloantibodies to be cytotoxic to donor lymphoid cells but to enhance renal allografts. These cytotoxic and enhancing qualities reside in the same preparation of immunoglobulin and are influenced by antigen density. These studies suggest that the failure to damage donor kidneys by early, probably low avidity, antibody is caused by a low concentration of antigen on the endothelial cells within the renal graft, and or an inability of this antibody antigen interaction to activate syngeneic complement. PMID- 1108314 TI - Adverse effects of meglumine diatrizoate on renal function in the early post transplant period. AB - Thirty-four renal transplant recipients received drip infusion urograms from 2-24 days post-transplantation. Twenty-two patients exhibited changes in renal function within 1-4 days of the urogram that were indistinguishable from allograft rejection: a tender, swollen kidney, elevation of serum creatinine, oliguria, decreased urine sodium concentration, weight gain, and hypertension. Two patients developed acute tubular necrosis and required hemodialysis, but renal function in the remaining 20 patients improved after therapy for "graft rejection" with i.v. methyprednisolone sodium succinnate. Kidneys from older-age donors that were functioning suboptimally and kidneys which exhibited subsequent clinical allograft rejection were more at risk for contrast media toxicity. This suggests that occult vascular lesions may have been present in the allograft which were exacerbated when exposed to the irritant vascular effects of contrast media, producing a mild, reversible toxic nephritis. However, several kidneys with normal function and several kidneys which never exhibited rejection activity were also adversely affected by exposure to contrast media. It appears these agents should be used cautiously, if at all, in the early post-transplant period. PMID- 1108315 TI - An immunological study of renal allograft rejection using the direct macrophage inhibition test. AB - The direct macrophage inhibition test was used to evaluate the relationship between cellular immune response and graft rejection in related renal allograft recipients. Forty recipients were evaluated before and at regular intervals after transplantation while on maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. Allograft recipients were classified into four categories: 1) Non-HL-A-identical with a rejection episode (14 patients); 2) non-HL-A-identical without a rejection episode (13 patients); 3) 3) HL-A-identical with a rejection episode (3 patients); 4) HL-A-identical without a rejection episode (10 patients). Ten HL-A identical sibling pairs in good health were utilized as controls. Cellular immunity against donor antigen (macrophage inhibition greater than 20%) uniformly occurred in 16 of the 17 patients who experienced episodes of rejection in both the HL-A-identical and nonidentical graft recipient groups. Transplant recipients who did no experience any rejection episodes up to 2 years post-transplant, and members of the HL-A-identical control group had negative inhibition tests. In 5 cases changes in cellular immune response preceded rejection by several days. The two recipients with positive macrophage inhibition to their prospective donors before transplantation experienced irreversible accelerated rejection. Thus, the direct macrophage inhibition test can be used to screen prospective related donors and to monitor cellular immunity in recipients after transplantation. Preexistent cellular immunity to the donor detected before transplantation correlates with a very high incidence of rejection episodes. Graft recipients who experienced no rejection episodes failed to develop cellular immunity to their donors. PMID- 1108316 TI - Malakoplakia in a renal transplant recipient. A case report. PMID- 1108317 TI - The fate of cadaver renal allografts contaminated before transplantation. AB - Through the routine use of cultures from saline slush transport solution and the initial and final organ perfusates, 14 of 81 cadaver allografts (17.3%) were found to have been contaminated before transplantation. Gram negative organisms, cultured from 5 of the 14 contaminated allografts, resulted in the recipient's death on the first encounter with this problem and the loss of two other allografts. Early antibiotic therapy begun even without evidence of overt infection appeared to prevent any further deaths or graft loss in those whose allografts were contaminated and yielded an overall survival comparable to that of uncontaminated allografts. Without such an approach to the study of perfused cadaver allografts and the management of them when found to be contaminated, this type of infection may go undetected and contribute to allograft and patient loss. PMID- 1108318 TI - Prevention of blood transfusion-induced immunization against transplantation antigens by treatment of the blood with antibody. AB - The experiments reported show that alloantisera directed against the transplantation antigens of allogeneic blood will completely suppress (1) the lymphocytotoxic antibody response to the blood and (2) its ability to sensitize against renal allografts. AS (Ag-B1) rats injected i.v. with 1 ml of August (Ag B5) blood gave a strong primary (mainly IgM) and secondary (IgG) lymphocytotoxin response. If the August blood was mixed with AS anti-August serum in vitro before injection, the lymphocytotoxin response was completely suppressed. However, rats given the blood-antiserum mixture gave a primary IgM response upon rechallenge with blood. Rats previously primed with blood had substantial but only partial suppression of the secondary response if the secondary stimulus was given as a blood-antiserum mixture. An AS anti-Wistar (Ag-B2) serum, which showed only weak serological cross-reaction with August lymphocytes, could suppress the lymphocytotoxin response to August blood. A protocol of widely spaced injections of August blood was found to sensitize AS rats to (AS X August)F1 renal allografts. If the blood injections were given as a blood-antiserum mixture, sensitization was prevented. In addition, the blood-antiserum mixtures were found to induce a slight degree of immunosuppression. The clinical application of this approach to preventing blood transfusion-induced sensitization is discussed. PMID- 1108319 TI - A non-complement-fixing antibody, segregating with HL-A3, detected on lymphocytes by immunofluorescence. PMID- 1108320 TI - Induction of immediate-type penicillin allergy by cutaneous allografts. PMID- 1108321 TI - Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on skin allograft survival and primary and secondary cytotoxic response in mice. AB - Primary and secondary cell-mediated immune responses are inhibited in vitro and in vivo by polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may have an immune regulatory function in the organism. PMID- 1108322 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow chimerism in germ-free mice. IV. Therapy of "Hodgkin's like" reticulum cell sarcoma in SJL mice. AB - "Hodgkin's-like reticulum cell sarcoma develops spontaneously in most SJL mice. Germ-free and conventional SJL mice bearing advanced reticulum cell sarcoma were treated with X-irradiation and transplantation of bone marrow from SJL or C3H/He donors. The 120-day survival rate of germ-free mice receiving allogeneic bone marrow (70%) exceeded that of all control groups; more importantly, germ-free mice that survived more than 4 months after treatment with allogeneic cells had no evidence of neoplastic lesions when killed. The germ-free environment effectively prevented graft-versus-host disease that was lethal to conventional mice. The results of these experiments offer additional evidence that bone marrow transplantation can be used as a therapeutic tool for spontaneous murine neoplasms. PMID- 1108323 TI - Immunological reactivity of B mice reconstituted with various numbers of syngeneic bone marrow cells. AB - Adult thymectomized mice were sublethally irradiated and reconstituted with various doses of syngeneic bone marrow. Immunological reactivity was assessed by allogeneic skin grafting at various intervals after reconstitution. It was found that reconstitution with high doses (1 X 10(7), 2 X 10(7)) of bone marrow was associated with an ability to reject allogeneic skin grafts and that this reactivity increased with time. Following rejection of a first skin graft, second grafts were rejected in an accelerated manner. These mice had measurable levels of Thy 1.2 positive cells in the spleen. In contrast, low-dose bone marrow reconstitution (1 X 10(6), 2 X10(6)) produced mice which did not reject either first or second allogeneic skin grafts, and such mice had at most only very low levels of Thy 1.2 positive cells in their spleens. PMID- 1108324 TI - B cell ontogeny in rabbits. Immunofluoresecent localization of B cells in fetal and neonatal rabbits. AB - The mammalian equivalent of the Bursa of Fabricius, the organ responsible for B cell maturation in avian species, has not been identified despite anatomic and ablative studies which suggest that the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) subserve this function. By analogy to the Bursa, the mammalian organ directing B cell ontogeny should be the site where IgM-bearing cells (B cells) are first identifiable. In this study, fluorescein-tagged heavy chain specific antirabbit IgM is used to localize initial sites of B cell appearance in rabbit fetal and neonatal lymphoid tissues. IgM-bearing cells are found 2 days before birth in the thymus and 1 day before birth in GALT. Immunoglobulin-bearing cells in spleen, lymph node, and bone marrow are undetectable until after birth. B cells bearing the IgM marked precede the appearance of IgG-bearing cells by 1 to 4 days in all instances. Intraperitoneal implantation of Millipore chambers containing immature fetal thymic tissue into neonatal hosts reveals that in situ development of IgM cells takes place independent of host cell traffic. The results suggest that B cell ontogeny in mammals is more complex than in avian species and demonstrates probable involvement of the thymus in the maturational process. PMID- 1108325 TI - Enhancement of skin allograft survival by soluble alloantigen is serum-mediated. AB - H-2d mice treated before skin grafting with either soluble alloantigen prepared from H-2b cells or with serum obtained from similarly sensitized mice showed a significantly prolonged survival of H-2b skin allografts. This in vivo enhancement was paralleled by a depression of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to [51Cr]H-2b target cells in vitro. Such in vitro and in vivo effects were abrogated when mice were repeatedly injected with soluble alloantigen before and after skin grafting, demonstrating that enhancing antibody present could be neutralized by this mode of antigen administration. The data suggest that serum factors present in mice pretreated with soluble alloantigen lead to specific blocking at the induction phase of the cell-mediated immune response and result in skin graft enhancement. PMID- 1108326 TI - A technique for collecting efferent lymph from rat renal allografts. PMID- 1108327 TI - [New data on the structure of fibrinogen]. AB - The results of physical and chemical investigations show the closeness of fibrinogen to globular proteins, but some differences from globular proteins in certain characteristic features are found resulted from high asymmetry or high hydration of the molecule. The results of electron microscopy cannot be interpreted in a simple way, but nevertheless they show the presence of conformational mobility and existence of configurational isomers. The amino acid sequence of the most important parts of a fibrinogen molecule is known now: "the N-terminal disulphide knot" including peptides A and B being splitted by thrombin, and the part of the gamma-chain participating in covalent binding of fibrin. The study of plasmin and CNBr split products is a fruitful approach to the study of fibrinogen structure and the chemical models of fibrinogen are based on them. In the latest models the N-terminal parts of all 6 polypeptide chains of fibrinogen are located in the centre of a molecule, so the earlier concepts on monomeric fibrin polymerization in the end-to-end way must be reconsidered. None of the existing models produces a definite description of the functional properties of fibrinogen; the appearance of such a model is expected in the nearest future. PMID- 1108328 TI - [Maxim Fedotovich Gulii (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1108329 TI - [Synthesis of RNA and proteins with exogenous template in the DNA-directed cell free system from Escherichia coli B. after UV-irradiation]. AB - The RNA and protein synthesis was studied in the DNA-directed cell-free system with extracts and ribosomes of intact and ultraviolet (UV) irradiated E. coli B. The UV-doses used did not kill the cells, but produced noticeable morphological changes. DNA of bacteriophage T2 was used as a template for the RNA synthesis. All the UV-doses used cause an approximately equal decrease in the incorporation of uracil-14C into the acid-insoluble sediment in assays incubated with the extracts of the irradiated cells. The presence of ribosomes from the irradiated cells does not affect the uracil-14C incorporation. With the lower UV-doses incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acids into the acid-insoluble seciment by the irradiated cells extract decreases to the same degree as the uracil-14C incorporation. This may be the result of proportional decrease in the intensity of total RNA and m-RNA synthesis. The intensity of 14C-labelled amino-acid 14C incorporation with the ribosomes from the cells irradiated with lower UV-doses is decreased too. This testifies to a direct effect of uv on the ribosomes. With an increase in the UV-doses these effects disappear. It is supposed that the applied doses of UV-irradiation change differently the properties of the components of RNA- and protein-synthesing systens. This discrepancy becomes more noticeable with an increase in UV-dose. PMID- 1108330 TI - [Lipomyelomeningocele with brown fat]. PMID- 1108331 TI - [Salmonella bacteremia and cerebral malaria. A case with fatal coincidence of 2 imported diseases]. PMID- 1108332 TI - [Bullous erythroderma ichthyosiforme treated with vitamin A acid]. PMID- 1108333 TI - [Chronic headache caused by a poorly fitting denture]. PMID- 1108334 TI - [The last Surgeon of the King in Quebec: Antoine Briault 1742-1760]. PMID- 1108335 TI - [Presentation. Club Edouard Samson]. PMID- 1108337 TI - [Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous ruptures of the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - Spontaneous ruptures of the kidney occur seldom. As a rule they are observed in impaired organs. According to the various underlying diseases the symptomatology can differ widely. Etiology and pathogenesis often become clear only after surgical exposure of the kidney. Our own observation of such a case lead us to review the causes as well as the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous ruptures of the kidney. For clinical purposes we propose a classification into spontaneous ruptures of the kidney with perirenal hematoma and spontaneous ruptures of the pelviocalyceal system. PMID- 1108336 TI - [Moore prosthesis]. PMID- 1108338 TI - [Excoriation injuries of the penis and scrotum (author's transl)]. AB - In total excoriation of the penis and scrotum caused by injury the immediate manifestations of new skin cover are seen within 8-12 hrs. In the sense of a "postponed emergency" the usual wound toilet should be performed, a bladder catheter introduced, and penis lowered into a subcutaneous tunnel beneath the abdomen. However, in every case, the ultimate goal is formation of a new skin covering via a split skin flap. The testicles should be lowered into a pouch on the thigh where they will not suffer thermal damage. PMID- 1108339 TI - [Varicocele as a cause of disorder in fertility (author's transl)]. AB - In this study the pathophysiological connections in varicocele genesis are discussed, as well as its effect upon spermiogenesis and the causal factors. In 73 patients the high retroperitoneal ligature of the testicular vein was performed. Indication was given either on the basis of subjective complaints or on the proof of subfertility. In 79% of the cases a good anatomic result was obtained after operation. Of the spermiograms established prior to operation 56% showed postoperatively a distinct improvement in quality. In 52% of the sterile marriages conception occurred following operative intervention. In our clinic the operative method according to Bernardi is preferred, since it meets best the criteria of an ideal varicocelectomy. Operative intervention should take place early for possible preventing of spermiogenetic lesion. PMID- 1108340 TI - [How to prevent the TUR-syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The TUR-syndrome is due to the absorption of irrigating fluid free of electrolytes, producing hypervolemia, and dilutional hyponatremia, as well as hyperkalemia. Strict adherence to the above ten rules is necessary in preventing the TUR-syndrome. After using them for 30 years, we were able to avoid this complication without using non-hemolytic solutions nor limiting the operative time. PMID- 1108341 TI - [Pancreatic islets, plasma glucagon and renal calcification in rats fed various diets. Results of a pilot study (author's transl)]. AB - Rats fed abnormally composed isocaloric diets during 21 days (low magnesium, atherogenous, high in proteins or carbohydrates) develop a mean increase in total number of pancreatic A cells, a significant increase of A/B ratio (atherogenous), and hyperglucagonemia in most of the groups under study. Histologic examination reveals calcification most marked in animals under low magnesium and atherogenous diets. They are only scarce following high protein diet; a normal or carbohydrate rich diet nullifies this phenomenon. Independent of the morphologic and functional state of the islets, supplementation by argining and histidine of normal chow is followed by a certain degree of renal calcification. Lowered urinary magnesium and calcium and elevated urinary sodium and phosphate together with a tendency toward hypercalcemia point to stimulation of parathyroids during malnutrition. Absolute or relative hyperglucagonemia must be considered the main causstive factor. PMID- 1108342 TI - Renal fascia of Gerota. AB - There are controversial views regarding the configuration of the renal fascia of Gerota. Various arrangements described in the literature are presented. A consensus is derived and its clinical importance stressed. PMID- 1108343 TI - Dr. Van Buren's rubber bag and stopcock for injecting hydrocele. PMID- 1108344 TI - Homans' aspirating needle. PMID- 1108345 TI - Simplified experimental ureteroneocystostomy. AB - Improvement in renal transplantation has been the result of increased clinical experience and laboratory investigation. One of the causes of transplant failure is urinary leakage and slough at the ureteroneocystostomy site. A simplified extravesical ureteral implantation technique is described. This method has been used in more than 200 canine renal transplants producing consistently good results. PMID- 1108346 TI - Disseminated nocardiosis presenting as testicular abscess. AB - A case of a localized testicular abscess due to Nocardia asteroides in a patient on immunosuppressive therapy for a myeloproliferative disorder is reported. Subsequent fatal dissemination of the infection to the prostate, lungs, and liver occurred. This represents the second reported case of nocardiosis of the testis. Extrapulmonary forms of nocardiosis must be recognized so that appropriate treatment can be instituted prior to dissemination. PMID- 1108347 TI - Dr. Chambers' testicle compressor. PMID- 1108348 TI - Analgesic abuse nephropathy. AB - Analgesic abuse nephropathy is seldom considered as a cause in patients presenting with chronic renal disease. In a three-year period 450 patients were seen with chronic renal failure. Of these 103 had interstitial renal disease as the cause of their failure. Twenty of these 103 were due to chronic analgesic abuse, which indicates that need for a greater awareness of this problem. The spectrum of clinical and roentgenographic aspects of analgesic abuse nephropathy are discussed. What constitutes analgesic abuse, helpful clinical findings, frequency of other medical illnesses, and the low incidence of documented renal infection prior to onset of renal failure are discussed. Intravenous pyelographic findings related to visualization, renal size, corticomedullary margins and pelvicalyceal changes are also discussed and demonstrated. PMID- 1108349 TI - Compression neuropathy subsequent to renal transplantation. AB - Compression neuropathy occurred in 7 patients who underwent renal transplantation. The neuropathy occurred on the same side as the surgery and was associated with the use of selfretaining retractors. Other contributing factors were presence and degree of uremia and diabetes. We suggest that self-retaining retractors be used carefully and length of application reduced to a minimum. Efficient dialysis prior to transplantation may decrease the incidence and severity of neurologic deficit by reducing the extent of uremia. PMID- 1108350 TI - Twenty-eight-day courses of antibiotics for urinary tract infection. AB - A prospective double-blind study was performed in which 30 adult patients with recurrent urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis organisms were treated by twenty-eight-day courses of either ampicillin, 500 mg. four times a day, or trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, 2 tablets twice a day. In terms of freedom from infection fifty-six days after the cessation of treatment in both complicated and uncomplicated infections, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole yielded results superior to those of ampicillin. In comparing the results of this study with those of a similar study in which the same agents were given for ten day courses it appears that only in the complicated infection is there an advantage in giving a prolonged course of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. This study did not generate any evidence to support the extension of ampicillin therapy for urinary tract infection beyond ten days. PMID- 1108351 TI - Comparison of absorbable sutures in urinary bladder. AB - Experimental cystotomy wounds in dogs were closed with sutures of polyglactin 910, polyglycolic acid, and chromic catgut. Animals were sacrificed at intervals of five to thirty days, and wounds were examined grossly and microscopically. This study reconfirms the benignity of early tissue reaction to catgut and points out the similarity of tissue reaction to polyglycolic acid and polyglactin-910 suture in the urinary bladder, the reaction characterized by early separation and invasion of suture fibers by cellular infiltration. PMID- 1108352 TI - Immunostaging in carcinoma of prostate. AB - Immunostaging is a new method of assessing patients immunologically before and after immunotherapy. Twenty-eight patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were immunostaged independently by two investigators. There was a positive correlation between both immunostagings. There was also a positive correlation between the patient's immunostage and the clinical stage of his cancer. PMID- 1108353 TI - Ultrasound in diagnosis and evaluation of lymphoceles after renal transplantation. AB - Three cases of lymphoceles after renal transplantation are described. The value of ultrasound is stressed in making the diagnosis, totally delineating the size, following the progression, evaluating the transplanted kidney for secondary hydronephrosis, and localizing the lymphocele for aspiration. Ultrasound is, therefore, believed to be a valuable diagnostic study in the evaluation of patients with a transplanted kidney with an unexplained reduction in renal function, leg edema, or a suspicion of a pelvic mass. PMID- 1108354 TI - Letter: Acute renal artery thrombosis and kidney salvage. PMID- 1108356 TI - Samuel Louis Fox. PMID- 1108355 TI - The influence of subconjunctival depot corticosteroid on choroidal detachment following retinal detachment surgery. AB - This study indicates that primary retinal detachment surgery on patients aged 55 or over is complicated by uveitis and choroidal detachment at approximate rates of 24% and 44%, respectively. These complications did not influence the anatomic cure rate or recovery of visual acuity. Although only 89 patients were recruited, the technique of random selection equally distributed the parameters studied and provided results of high reliability. The internal controls of the protocol prevented the examiners from being aware of whether the drug or placebo had been administered. We were concerned that the corticosteroid injection might have been producing the apparent increase in infection rate of 7.7% and the study was temporarily discontinued. Because statistical analysis showed there was no significant difference in infection rate between the treatment and control groups, the project could have been continued again. PMID- 1108357 TI - Gilbert Carl Struble. PMID- 1108358 TI - Ludwig J. K. von Sallmann. PMID- 1108359 TI - Dermal grafts -- a viable alternative. PMID- 1108360 TI - Secondary nasal revisions after rhinoplasties. PMID- 1108361 TI - Congenital choanal atresia -- a technique for surgical correction. AB - A technique for transnasal correction of unilateral and bilateral congenital atresia in both infants and older children has been used repeadedly with no difficulty encountered in creating an adequate passage in patients with either unilateral or bilateral atresia. In no instances was there any deviation from the intended path of the boring tool causing injury to the palatine vessels, roof of the nasopharynx, or posterior pharyngeal wall. PMID- 1108362 TI - Palatoplasty: a comparative study. AB - A comparative analysis of 275 patients who underwent palatoplasty between 1961 and 9171 is presented. Of these, 149 patients had a Langenbeck palatoplasty and 188 a V-Y pushback palatoplasty. Speech results in these patients were carefully assessed by experience speech pathologists using conversational and structured (word articulation tests) speech, manometric ratios, and radiographic evidence of palatal movement. Over all, 73% of the V-Y pushback patients attained acceptable speech compared to 56% in the Langenbeck category. Patients with clefts of the soft palate only had the highest incidence of acceptable speech (91% in Langenbeck, 81% in V-Y). In both categories the results were poorer in the more extensive clefts. PMID- 1108363 TI - The versatile Heermann incision. PMID- 1108364 TI - Raymond T. Carhart. PMID- 1108365 TI - Samuel L. Fox. PMID- 1108366 TI - Linley Conrad Happ. PMID- 1108367 TI - Barney Maurice Kully. PMID- 1108368 TI - Samuel Salinger. PMID- 1108369 TI - Frank Horace Valone. PMID- 1108370 TI - Frederick William Stocker, MD. PMID- 1108371 TI - George N. Wise, MD. PMID- 1108373 TI - Hermann M. Burian, MD. PMID- 1108372 TI - Two remarkable events in the field of intraocular foreign body: (1) The reversal of siderosis bulbi. (2) The spontaneous extrusion of an intraocular copper foreign body. AB - Two unusual events concerning intraocular foreign bodies are presented. The first patient had an occult or unsuspected intraocular foreign body. He showed iridoplegia with mydriasis, siderosis iridis, and an intraocular piece of iron lying posteriorly near the retina. The foreign body was removed and the patient regained normal iris color and pupillary activity. His vision remains 20/15 six years postoperatively dispite ensuing retinal detachment one year after removal of the foreign body. The second patient was a young boy injured by a blasting cap explosion. He lost one eye from the injury and had a piece of intraocular brass in his left eye. In spite of the development of chalcosis and a mature cataract the lens gradually shrank in the pupillary space permitting a clear aphakic area and 20/25 vision. The brass fragment migrated forward and inferiorly and was finally extruded under the conjunctiva five years later, where it was removed and chemically analyzed by x-ray diffraction. PMID- 1108374 TI - Edwin W. Burton, MD. PMID- 1108375 TI - William B. Clark, MD. PMID- 1108376 TI - [Restricted osteoplasty of defects of the long tubular bones in osteomyelitis of fragments]. PMID- 1108377 TI - [Autodermoplasty in treatment of large supra-lateral postoperative hernias]. PMID- 1108378 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the methods of surgical treatment of extrasphincteric rectal fistulas]. AB - The number of recurrences ranged from 2.1% to 14.3% depending on the degree of fistula complexity. Fistulectomy with suturing of its stump by dosage sphincterotomy is indicated in case of extrasphincteric fistulas without cicatricial and inflammatory changes in the intestinal wall and pararectal cellular spaces. Fistulectomy with suturing of the sphincter should be accomplished only in patients with non-branching extrasphincteric fistulas without inflammatory changes in pararectal cellular spaces. The technic of ligation may be employed in most complex forms of rectal extrasphincteric fistulas. A variant of surgery when ligature is put during the operative procedure and the wound is partially closed makes it possible to obtain adequate functional results. PMID- 1108379 TI - [Use of a hollow drill in osteoplastic arthrodesis of the hip joint]. AB - The technic of osteoplastic arthrodesis of the coxa, using a hollow drill, is described. The operation was performed in 54 patients. 48 patients were examined within the terms from 1 year to 5 years postoperatively. Ankylosis occurred in 46 cases. The cause of a failure in 2 cases was an early cessation of immobilization. PMID- 1108380 TI - [Injuries of the large veins of the limbs]. AB - 161 observations of the extremity vein injuries, including 141 cases with associated arterial injuries and 11 cases with isolated traumas, as well as 9 cases of replantation of the extremity in complete tears are analysed. Venous reconstruction was performed in 37 patients, in the remainder veins were ligated. Indications to reconstructive procedures and ligation of injured veins are discussed. PMID- 1108381 TI - [Open diaphyseal fractures of the long tubular bones and their treatment]. AB - Based on the study of the immediate results of therapy in 172 patients and late results in 123 patients with open diaphyseal fractures of long tubular bones, the number of poor immediate and late results were found to be directly related with the degree of damaging soft tissues at the fracture site. An analysis of the results also indicated their reliable dependence on the choice of the therapeutic method employed. A predominant immobilization of the fracture in a plaster dressing after primary surgical treatment of the wound and open or closed reposition of the fracture is largely recommended. In some kinds of fractures when securing of fragments in a plaster dressing was unfeasible, then the use of delayed metallic osteosynthesis is indicated. Primary osteosynthesis in open fractures may be used only if specially indicated. PMID- 1108382 TI - Bacteriological and pathological studies of the "collapse syndrome" in suckled calves. AB - During the winter of 1971-72 faecal samples from 91 diarrhoeic calves, 25 of which were considered to be suffering from the "collapse syndrome" were examined bacteriologically. E coli of serotypes reported as having the ability to produce enterotoxins were isolated from most of the calves with the "collapse syndrome", but from only a few of the other diarrhoeic calves, as well as a few unaffected in-contact animals. On post mortem examination, abomasal dilatation was a characteristic finding in calves dying of the "collapse syndrome" but not of other diarrhoeic deaths. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 1108383 TI - [Nikolai Parfent'evich Fedenko (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1108384 TI - [Diagnosis of edema disease (colienterotoxemia) in piglets]. PMID- 1108385 TI - [Outstanding scientist and organizer of Soviet veterinary medicine (on the 125th anniversary of the birth of S. S. Evseenko)]. PMID- 1108386 TI - [Soviet character]. PMID- 1108387 TI - [Role of the mammary gland in the development of immunity with the intracisternal administration of antigen]. PMID- 1108388 TI - [Detection of the antigens of the causative agent of enzootic ovine abortion by an immunoperoxidase method]. PMID- 1108389 TI - [Therapeutic care of animals in the war]. PMID- 1108390 TI - [Soviet veterinary surgeons in the war period]. PMID- 1108391 TI - [Perspectives on the development of the teachings of V. I. Vernadskii in veterinary medicine]. PMID- 1108392 TI - [Fluorescence diagnosis of candidiasis in cattle and birds]. PMID- 1108393 TI - [Microbial picture of the feces of healthy birds and birds with colibacteriosis]. PMID- 1108394 TI - [Use of deep freezing of tissues for morphological studies]. PMID- 1108395 TI - [Our contemporary (on the 80th birthday of Ia. E. Koliakova)]. PMID- 1108396 TI - [30 years after the Great Victory]. PMID- 1108397 TI - [Stages of the great journey]. PMID- 1108398 TI - [Close veterans never grow old]. PMID- 1108399 TI - [Veterinarian of the rifle regiment (Vasilii M. Syritsa)]. PMID- 1108400 TI - [Party-political work in the military-veterinary service]. PMID- 1108401 TI - [Years of rigorous ordeal]. PMID- 1108402 TI - [Study of colibacteriosis in fowls in a poultry raising plant]. PMID- 1108403 TI - [Apparatus for the automatic metering of the supply of air and carbon dioxide]. PMID- 1108404 TI - [In labor as in battle]. PMID- 1108405 TI - [Resistance to medicinal substances in bacteria]. PMID- 1108406 TI - [Influence of tissue emulsions on the phagocytic activity of the RES]. AB - Radiometric, microbiologic, biochemical and morphologic investigations were carried out with a total of 95 guinea pigs and 20 rabbits in order to study the effect of the biogenic stimulants after Filatov on the phagocytic activity of the reticulo-endothelial system. Use was made of a tissue emulsion of swine embryos with biologic activity up to 160 per cent and a microbial stain - Escherichia coli 078. The labeling of the microorganisms was effected by means of 32P as obtained from Na2 H32PO4. It was found that the parenteral treatment of the animals with tissue emulsion after Filatov leads to the enhancement of the phagocytic activity and the lysing of the phagocytised bacteria by the elements of the reticulo-endothelial system by 7 to 10 per cent more than was observed with the use of control animals. The biogenic stimulants after Filatov activate the plasmocytic reaction of the body and the development of ribonucleoproteids in the parenchymal organs, and raise the level of properdin and gamma-globulins in the blood of the treated animals. PMID- 1108407 TI - [Influence of the storage of slaughtered birds at low temperature on the viability of some microorganisms]. AB - Studied was the effect of the period of storing slaughtered broiler birds at low temperatures on the activity of pathogenic staphylococci, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli organisms and pathogenic species of the Proteus genus. It was found that freezing at minus 34 degrees C and storage of the slaughtered birds at minus 18 degrees C contribute to the considerable decrease in the bacterial count of the investigated test organisms, this being observed to a highest extent during the first fifteen days of storage. PMID- 1108408 TI - [Diagnostic scheme of the causes of embryonal morbidity in poultry]. AB - A diagnostic scheme has been worked out to reveal the factors causing higher embryonic morbidity and mortality rates in birds. It is based on the morphologic analysis and the bacteriologic and mycologic studies, and can be programmed and put into effect in three stages in the course of 48 hours. On the one hand, the post-mortem analysis is useful in establishing the factors of noninfectious character (overheating, insufficient heating, humidity of low or high values, poor air exchange, improper egg position, insufficient air velocity, improper and continuous storage of eggs, deficiency and hereditary diseases). In such cases the scheme provides a special table displaying the correspondence between the morphologic changes and some possible reasons of embryonic mortality, coded from "A" to "K". On the other hand, the bacteriologic and mycologic investigations are helpful in establishing the factors of infectious character (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and other Salmonellae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus fumigatus, etc.). PMID- 1108409 TI - [Methods of treatment of puerperal endometritis in cows]. AB - Tested were two drug combinations for the treatment of a total of 111 cows affected postpartum with acute endometritis. The cows showed equal values in terms of age, annual milk yield, tending and feeding. The animals were treated via the uterus, three times at the interval of 48 hours. Used were antibiotics in combination with other therapeutic means. The first combination used included: furaccillin 1g, furazolidon 0,5 g, kanamicyn 1 g, penicillin 1 g, citric acid 5 g, and trivitaminol 80 cu. cm. Its use contributed to a 76.3 per cent conception rate within the limits of an 80-day service period, and a 56.2 per cent conception rate at first insemination. The second combination consisted of tetracycline 0.5 g, norsulfasol 5 g, pepsin 3 g, citric acid 5 g, and trivitaminol 80 cu. cm. In this case the conception rate obtained was 47.4 per cent and 28.9 per cent, respectively. The cows treated with the first combination had a shorter service period (15.9 days shorter), and the insemination index was 0.3 lower as compared with the cows treated with the second combination. PMID- 1108410 TI - [Study of Salmonella cultures. IV. Immunogenicity of Salmonella resistant to antibiotics]. AB - Three avirulent and 5 slightly virulent for birds mutants of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella braenderup, resistant to streptomycin (S), chlorteracyclin (CT), and chloramphenicol (Ch) were used in the production of live vaccines. The latter were tested for immunogenicity on albino mice and birds. On the eighth and 15th day following vaccination the protein fractions in the blood serum of the birds were followed up through electrophoresis on agar gel, while the agglutinin titer was determined by means of test tube agglutination. The experimental results were mathematically processed with the use of statistical methods. All slightly virulent and resistant to antibiotics mutants showed strong immunogenic properties and gave protection (preventing death) to 76.2-81.82 per cent of the mice. Of the avirulent mutants one showed moderate virulence giving protection to 71.43 per cent of the animals. Tested on 110-day-old chickens the avirulent mutants gave protection to 80 per cent of them. The average titers of the blood serum antibodies of birds vaccinated with immunogenic mutants, and the average percent values of the gamma-globulin fractions were higher on the eighth than on the 15th day. The protein fractions showed changes in the albumin and the gamma-globulin. The rate of correlation between these indices, as shown by the coefficient of correlation, is high (rxy = - 0.843). In this case the negative value of rxy in the equation points to the negative link between the characters. PMID- 1108411 TI - Interaction of vaccinia DNA-binding proteins with DNA in vitro. PMID- 1108412 TI - Plaque-forming transducing bacteriophage P1 derivatives and their behaviour in lysogenic conditions. PMID- 1108413 TI - Phage lambda DNA injection into Escherichia coli pel- mutants is restored by mutations in phage genes V or H. PMID- 1108414 TI - The nucleic acids of viruses infecting Heliothis armigera. PMID- 1108415 TI - Host membrane lipid synthesis is not required for successful phage T4 infection. PMID- 1108416 TI - Effects of arginine starvation on macromolecular synthesis in infection with type 2 adenovirus. III. Immunofluorescence studies of the synthesis of the hexon and the major viral core antigen (AAP). PMID- 1108417 TI - [30 years of Czechoslovak hematology]. PMID- 1108418 TI - [Migration of leukocytes in late syphilis and in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 1108419 TI - [Surgical approach in gunshot wounds of the blood vessels]. PMID- 1108420 TI - [Some characteristics of acute pneumonia during the 1972-1973 influenza outbreak]. PMID- 1108421 TI - [Monomycin treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 1108422 TI - [M. V. Frunze and his views on human physical development]. PMID- 1108423 TI - [The 25th anniversary of the Military Medicine Academy]. PMID- 1108424 TI - [Our experiences with a single cast bridge]. PMID- 1108425 TI - [Historical survey in the treatment of blood vessel injuries]. PMID- 1108426 TI - [From the Pharmacy of the Belgrade Military Hospital to the Pharmacy of the Military Medical Academy (1836-1950)]. PMID- 1108427 TI - [Incidence of Candida albicans in persons working with food]. PMID- 1108428 TI - [Characteristics of the development of medical services or the National Liberation Army in Croatia in the years 1943-1945]. PMID- 1108429 TI - [Soviet medical chemistry during World War II]. PMID- 1108430 TI - [Professor Vera Vladimirovna Gorodilova (on her 60th birthday)]. PMID- 1108431 TI - [The history of Soviet-American scientific relations in the area of oncology]. PMID- 1108432 TI - [Mariia Ivanovna Glebova (on her 50th birthday)]. PMID- 1108433 TI - [Ivan Teodosovich Shevchenko (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1108434 TI - [Serum isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase, esterase and alkaline phosphatase in several bone tumors]. PMID- 1108435 TI - [Telegammatherapy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the nasopharynx]. AB - The authors present an analysis of clinical and pathomorphological findings in 48 cases of malignant neoplasms of the epipharynx. The immediate and late results obtained in radiation, associated radiation and combined therapy are discussed. As a result of the conducted investigation, it was concluded that, while planning a distant radiotherapy, it is essential to take into account the histomorphology, and extent of local and regional spread of malignant epipharyngeal tumor. It is felt that 6000 rads is an optimum absorbed dose in the primary focus and regional metastases. A specific method of an associated radiotherapy for epipharyngeal neoplasms, including distant gammatherapy of the primary focus and lymph outflow routes, and irradiation with fast electrons (15 Mev) to zones of regional metastases is described. PMID- 1108436 TI - [The effect of hormones regulating calcium metabolism on the growth and metastasis of experimental tumors]. AB - Injection of parathormone and thyrocalcitonin into rats with DMBA induced sarcomas resulted in a considerable stimulation of the metastasization process. It was found that the level of total Ca++ in tumor tissue was reduced under the influence of PTH. Under conditions of chronic exogenous hyperparathyroidism autoimmunereactions were suppressed. A prolonged administration of TCT did not alter considerable the total Ca++ content in tumor and markedly activated the autoantibody production in immunocompetent cells. PMID- 1108437 TI - [The incidence of malignant neoplasms among the population of the USSR]. PMID- 1108438 TI - [Boris Aleksandrovich Samotokin (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 1108439 TI - [An analysis of meat products as possible factors responsible for transmission of dysenterial toxic infections]. AB - The paper carries experimental data derived from a bacteriological analysis of infected minced meat products for the presence of Shigella sonnei and for ascertaining technological stages non-compliance with whose proper course presents the greatest epidemiological hazards. The procedures employed in analyzing infected meat products are shown to be sufficiently sensitive, for they enable one to count Shigella dysenteriae in numbers of 102-106/g, depending upon the degree of total bacterial contamination of these products. The infringement upon the established process most dangerous epidemiologically is incomplete thermal treatment of the meat products. PMID- 1108440 TI - [Comparative characteristics of some products of decomposition of lactic protein and fat in cheeses produced with addition of boar pepsin]. AB - The influence of a mixture of pig pepsin with renin (in a ratio of 1:1), used instead of renin in making natural cheeses according to the method proposed by the authors, on the content of some products secondary to decomposition of lactic protein and fat because of a dissimilar nutritional value of the latter, was studied. It has been found that cheeses prepared by using the above mixture do not differ from the control ones in the content of soluble forms of nitrogen, essential amino acids, volatile fatty acids, the sum-total of higher fatty acids and differ but slightly (except for butanone-2) in the proportion of various carbonyl compounds. Hence, an inference is drawn on the suitability of using the renin and pig pepsin mixture in making cheeses according to the method proposed by the authors, since the composition and the quantitative content of products secondary to decompesition of lactic protein and fat in test specimens of the cheese did not differ from the control ones which, in turn, points to the identity of the nutritional value of the finished products in either of these cases. PMID- 1108441 TI - [In memory of Prof. Faddei Ervandovich Budagian]. PMID- 1108442 TI - [Lymphoblastic reticulosarcoma of the gallbladder]. PMID- 1108443 TI - [Diabetic glomerulosclerosis (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 1108444 TI - [Content of inorganic phosphorus in animals in acute radiation sickness and after bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 1108445 TI - [Radiocardiography in lung cancer]. PMID- 1108446 TI - [Functional state of the insular apparatus of the pancreas in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1108447 TI - [Case of food poisoning caused by Salmonella typhimurium]. PMID- 1108448 TI - [Role of endocrine disorders in the mechanism of development of obesity]. PMID- 1108449 TI - [New research on recombination in orthomyxoviruses (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108450 TI - [Possible mechanisms of chronic viral infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108451 TI - [Study of the specificity of various classes of immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) v techenie ornitoznoi infektsii]. AB - Studies of the specificity of immunoglobulins of different classes in the course of both experimental and natural orinthosis infection showed IgG antibody to possess a wide spectrum of activity: group-, species- and strain-specific, but specificity to group antigenic components was predominant. IgM antibodies were species-specific, however, population of gammaM-immunoglobulins of animal sera in approximately 7 and 14 days after infection antibody suggested a method for the study of the antigenic structure of the agents of the genus Chlamydia. PMID- 1108452 TI - [Physicochemical characteristics and macromolecular organization of bacteriophage FI-5 (author's transl)]. AB - Physico-chemical parameters and features of macromolecular orgnization of FI-5 phage were studied. This virus was shown to contain a molecule of double-strander DNA with the standard set of nitrous bases (37.8 mol% GC). The molecule of this DNA in situ is characterized by partial disorder of the second structure. Phage virions contain about 47% of DNA and 53% of protein. The genome of the phage is represented by a DNA molecule with molecular weight 65X10(6) daltons and is capable of coding for a least 15 different proteins. PMID- 1108453 TI - [Optimization of a method for setting up the neuraminidase activity inhibition reaction (author's transl)]. AB - Different conditions for neuraminidase activity inhibition test using ovomucine as the substrate were compared. The optimal results could be obtained after 1 hour contact of virus with antibody at 37 degrees C and after 18-hour contact of virus-antibody mixture with the substrate also at 37 degrees C. Antineuraminidase antibody titer may be calculated by the results of the test integration in comparison with virus control without correction for normal rabbit serum. PMID- 1108454 TI - [E. N. Levkovich (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108455 TI - Letter: Aspiration pneumonia. PMID- 1108456 TI - Effects of sodium cyanate on the humoral immune response in the mouse. PMID- 1108457 TI - In memoriam--William Shainline Middleton, MD: 1890-1975. The young man's idealism and the old man's realities. PMID- 1108458 TI - Memorial resolution on the death of William Shainline Middleton, MD. PMID- 1108459 TI - Progress of immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant melanoma. PMID- 1108460 TI - [Treatment of obese diabetic patients using glucophage retard]. PMID- 1108461 TI - [Pathophysiology of hypertension]. PMID- 1108462 TI - [Hypertension and kidney diseases]. PMID- 1108463 TI - [Hypertension and coronary disease]. PMID- 1108464 TI - [Therapy of various forms of senile depressions with sulpirid (Dogmatil)]. PMID- 1108465 TI - [Testing of the clinical effects of a cavain-magnesium-orotate combination in inmates of a nursing home using a double-blind study]. PMID- 1108466 TI - [Comparative study of gonadotropins and LH-releasing hormone in the clinical practice]. PMID- 1108467 TI - [Surgical technique for institution and plastic closure of the tracheostoma. Ist communication]. AB - Within the frame of intensive care we do no longer use the conventional tracheostomy but the so called "sewed-up tracheostomy". Between January 1971 until November 1973 31 children of all age-groups were treated by that method. Special care for patients with sewed-up tracheostoma is obviously facilitated. The replacement of cannulas has become easy. Plastic closure after decannulation offers good functional and cosmetic results. Surgical techniques, indications and criteria for institution and closure of the tracheostomas are described and 31 cases are evaluated. Complications occuring during the period of tracheostoma and subsequent to the plastic closure as well as the general fate of the children are reported. PMID- 1108468 TI - [The question of Koch's postulates]. PMID- 1108469 TI - [Laboratory methods for the control of Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 1108470 TI - [Identification of antibodies by means of immunofluorescence in autoimmune diseases]. AB - A short survey of the methods of the immunofluorescence microscopy for the demonstration of various humoral antibodies is given. It is referred to the necessity of a far-reaching standardisation, whereby especially exact data in publications are necessary. Apart from the fluorochromium/protein ratio as conjuncate criteria among others have proved the ratio of antibody protein to the total protein content and the suitability test at the antigenic material concerned. The following antibodies are dealt with in particulars; antinuclear factors, antibodies of thrombocytes, antibodies of the skeletal muscles, antibodies against smooth musculature, antibodies against mitochondria, antibodies of parietal cells, antibodies against microsomas and antibodies against structures of connective tissue. PMID- 1108471 TI - [Possibilities in the use of interferon inducer substance in the treatment of viral dermatoses]. PMID- 1108472 TI - [The 125th anniversary of Paul Gerson Unna's birthday]. PMID- 1108473 TI - [In memory of Arthur Weber 3.8.1879-7.6.1975]. PMID- 1108474 TI - [Primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1108475 TI - [The larval development of the warble-fly Oestromyia leporina Pall. (Deptera, Hyodermah'dae) (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper deals with the larval development of the warble-fly Oestromyia leporina and especially with the development of the first instar larvae (L 1). The hatching from the egg and the modus of infection is described. The migration of the L 1 within the host is reported for the first time as well as the perforation of the skin after the migration period. Exact dates on the duration of the different larval stages are given. Experimental infection reveals a partial immunization of the host against new infections. Some remaining problems of larval biology are discussed. By comparison several facts suggest our present knowledge of the perforation of larval (L 1) Hypoderma bovis probably to be wrong. PMID- 1108476 TI - [Development of orthopedics in Saarland]. PMID- 1108477 TI - [Modern orthopedics]. PMID- 1108478 TI - [Problems with the endoprosthesis of the knee joint]. PMID- 1108479 TI - [Treatment of post-traumatic heel ulcer]. PMID- 1108480 TI - [V-osteotomy for the correction of popliteal fossa contractures in spina bifida children]. PMID- 1108481 TI - [Results of Maquet-Bandi's relief operation in patellar chondropathy]. PMID- 1108482 TI - [Orthopedic complications following kidney transplantation]. PMID- 1108483 TI - [Homoioplastic replacement surgery of bone tumors close to the hip]. PMID- 1108484 TI - [Orthopedics in France 1974]. PMID- 1108485 TI - [Surgical management of the funnel chest. Pedunculated inversionplasty]. PMID- 1108486 TI - [Critical comments on the theory of the "set-point" in thermoregulation]. PMID- 1108487 TI - [Melatonin and its role in the activity of the nervous system]. PMID- 1108488 TI - [Modern concepts of the regulation of the processes of tissue, organ and body growth as dependent on the nutritional conditions]. PMID- 1108489 TI - [DNA-dependent DNA-polymerases in the cells of eukaryotes]. PMID- 1108490 TI - [Current data on the structure and mechanisms of extranuclear DNA replication in the animal cell]. PMID- 1108491 TI - [Transplantation antigens and their immunological activity]. PMID- 1108492 TI - Editorial: G.B. Shaw on "health care delivery". PMID- 1108493 TI - The medical advisor looks at medicare. PMID- 1108494 TI - Editorial: The doctor and poet at war. PMID- 1108495 TI - [Social rehabilitation of the laryngectomy patient]. PMID- 1108496 TI - [Genetic aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic diseases]. PMID- 1108497 TI - [Immunological aspects of chronic diseases]. PMID- 1108498 TI - [Some problems of chronic diseases]. PMID- 1108499 TI - [Ivan Solomonovich Beritashvili (Beritov) (1885--1974)]. PMID- 1108500 TI - [The last working day of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (from the memoirs of A. A. Lindberg)]. PMID- 1108502 TI - [Systemic neuronal mechanisms of the conditioned reflex]. PMID- 1108501 TI - [The theory of reflection and several philosophical problems in the reflex theory in the works of A. A. Ukhtomskii (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 1108503 TI - Collagen antibodies and collagen- anticollagen immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Serum, synovial fluid and synovial fluid cells of 14 patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis and of 5 controls were investigated serologically in regard to rheumatoid factors and collagen antibodies and by immunofluorescence double staining in regard to localization of collagen and gammaglobulin in fluid cells. Three patterns of staining were observed: a) gammaglobulin inclusions, b) gammaglobulin and collagen in identical localization, c) collagen inclusions. While distinct staining for gammaglobulin appeared only in seropositive cases, collagen inclusions were only observed in RA, however in seropositive and seronegative cases. In 5 RA cases collagen and gammaglobulin were demonstrated additionally in such identical localization that conclusion in regard to collagen anticollagen immune complexes seems justified. 9 of 14 RA cases had collagen antibodies, all cases were collagen antibody positive which had collagen and gammaglobulin in identical localization in same inclusions. PMID- 1108504 TI - [Development of public health in the Democratic Republic of Germany]. PMID- 1108505 TI - [Light microscopical, electron microscopical and clinical findings in orthotopic allogenic porcine liver homografts (author's transl)]. AB - Orthotopic allogenic liver transplantations were carried out on 39 pigs. The length of survival time ranged from a few hours until 179 days. The clinical and biochemical laboratory findings as well as the macroscopical, light microscopical and electron microscopical findings established by biopsy and autopsy in the period after the transplantation are described and discussed with regard to their diagnostic significance and pathogenesis. The causes of death are generalized haemorrhages (15 cases), post-operatively bleeding gastric ulcers (12 cases), infections (7 cases), and early or late complications connected with the surgical interventions (5 cases). Observations of liver homografts over a long period after healing-in without complications and during sufficient function of the transplant show (without immunosuppressive treatment) the development of alterations in accordance with the features of chronic aggressive hepatitis and subsequent liver cirrhosis. Complications resulting from this account for some of the established causes of death. According to the results of experiments in animals surviving for a longer time after transplantation there are a general adaptive activation of metabolism and focal alterations in the outer cell membrane of the parenchymal cells in the transplanted liver. This alteration in the cell membrane of the liver epithelial cells causes an abnormal permeability and may lead to partial peripheral lysis and to total lytic necrosis (colliquation necrosis) of these cells. The main cause of these changes is ischaemia or hypoxia brought about by a variety of factors and the cytolytic effect of specifically sensitized lymphocytes ("killer", lymphocytes, immunocytes, effector cells) of the host organism which is the basis of the actual immunologic rejection process. The observed increase of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as potassium in the blood serum may be regarded as a sign of a progressive (developing) rejection or a chronic insufficience of blood circulation of the transplant. Long-term observations show the tendency for a slow continuous reduction in number of the erythrocytes and leucocytes in the host animals. The behaviour of the macrophages (Kupffer cells) in the liver transplant in relation to erythrocytes, thrombocytes and also lymphocytes of the host organism requires particular attention. PMID- 1108506 TI - Practical aspects of allogenic kidney transplantation. PMID- 1108507 TI - [Immunological guarantee of the kidney transplantation by means of tissue typing]. PMID- 1108508 TI - [Results of preventive mycological examination in pregnant women]. AB - From accidential patients fifteen per cent of 2328 pregnant women showed in a cultural method (malt-extract-agar) a vaginal mycosis in the seventh month of pregnancy. In most of the cases it was Candida albicans, but there were also other cases of Candida and Toruplopsis glabrata. The therapy of vaginal mycosis during pregnancy should be done generally, to prevent infections of infants and infections is gynecological and neonatological departments. PMID- 1108509 TI - [Aleksandr Grigor'evich Ginetsinskii (on the 80th anniversary of this birth)]. PMID- 1108510 TI - [Neuronal properties of the Schwann cell]. PMID- 1108511 TI - [Characteristics of the immunomorphological substrate in secondary immunization as dependent on the functional state of the hypothalamic nuclei]. AB - The authors traced the morphological and serological shifts occurring in secondary immunological response against the background of destruction of the posterior hypothalamic nuclei. It was revealed in experiments on rabbits that in primary and secondary immunization carried out against the background of bilateral coagulation of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus the secondary immunological response was reduced in comparison with control. Depression occurred both on account of reduction of the number of cells-precursors, and in connection with disturbances of differentiation of the antibody-forming cells. When the primary immunization was conducted against the background of the intact brain, and destruction of the posterior hyfothalamic nuclei preceded the secondary immunization there occurred a change in the number of cells-precursors involved in differentiation, without disturbance of the differentiation itself. PMID- 1108512 TI - [Comparative characteristics of 2 methods of separating mouse T- and B lymphocytes]. AB - The results of separation of T- and B-cells of the C3H/Sn and AKR/j micr lymph nodes with AKR-anti-theta3H and C3H-thetaAKR isosera and cellular immunosorbents containing the antigen-antibody complexes were analyzed in this work. The strain differences in the theta+-cells (T-lymphocytes) level were demonstrated in the untreated mice of the noted strains. Populations enriched by B-lymphocytes under different methods of separation differed somewhat in composition. The cellular immunosorption had many advantages in comparison with the cytotoxic-immune sera used for the T- and B-cell separation. PMID- 1108513 TI - [Use of Imam's test in the serodiagnosis of rickettsiosis]. PMID- 1108514 TI - [Detection of the causative agent of tularemia in the organs of animals in the early stages of development of the infection]. AB - A study was made of a possibility of detection of the causative agent of tularemia in the organism of albino mice at early stages of development of the infection after subcutaneous infection with 1, 10 and 100 microbial cells of strains No. 503/834 (Holarctic race) and Schu (nearctic race). The following examinations were made: cultivation on nutrient media, immunofluorescent study, the antibody neutralization test and the passive hemagglutination test with erythrocytic diagnostic agents. The microbe could be regularly revealed three days after the infection. Detection of the causative agent was possible in individual cases at the earlier dates by seeding and by the fluorescent antibody method. Although by cultivation it is possible to reveal individual microbes, but the growth appears on the 3rd--5th day and later. The most rapid response (1.5--2 hours) results (on the presence of the microbe) can be obtained with the aid of the fluorescent antibody method. Application of the mentioned tests with the erythrocytic diagnostic agents permits to obtain data not only on the presence of the causative agent, but also on its quantity of the causative agent in the organism of the infected animal. The mentioned methods provide the most complete characteristics of the dynamics of the accumulation of the microbe in the animal organism. PMID- 1108515 TI - [Biochemical and genetic characteristics of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella. V. The biological properties of auxotrophic mutants of Shigella flexneri 2a and of Escherichia coli serogroup 0124:K72]. PMID- 1108516 TI - [Amino acid decarboxylases in bacteria of the genus Proteus]. PMID- 1108517 TI - [Adjuvant action of nonspecific inflammation in immunizing guinea pigs vis the keratoconjunctival sac with Shigella sonnei somatic antigens]. PMID- 1108518 TI - [Removal of the antibodies to human serum proteins from antilymphocyte serum using an immunosorbent]. PMID- 1108519 TI - [Sergei Mikhailovich Shchastnyi (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 1108520 TI - [K. D. Piatkin (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1108521 TI - [Use of the immunofluorescence method to detect the causative agent of tularemia in developing chick embryos]. AB - There was shown a possibility of using the immunofluorescent method for detection of the causative agent of tularemia in the developing chick embryos, infected with the virulent strains 503 (holoarctic race) and Schu (nonarctic race). The greatest accumulation of bacteria was revealed in the yolk sacs, and the least- in the chorionallantoic fliud; the greatest accumulation of bacteria was observed on the 3rd--4th days after the infection. In infection with various doses of the causative agent--from 1 milliard to 1 microbial cell-positive results were noted in 92.3% of cases (according to the data of fluorescent microscopy) and in 77.3% of cases (according to the data of light microscopy), this pointing to a greater sensitivity of the method of fluorescent in comparison with the light microscopy. Immunofluorescent method can be recommended for detection of the causative agent of tularemia in the yolk sacs of chick embryos. PMID- 1108522 TI - [Phagocytic activity of the neutrophils in tularemia in animals with varying infective sensitivity]. AB - A study was made of the ingestive capacity of blood neutrophils; there were revealed no significant differences in the intact animals with a different infectious sensitivity to tularemia. With the development of infection the ingestive activity of leukocytes increased in the infected highly sensitive animals, but the digestive function was not manifest. In albino rats (with a low sensitivity to tularemia) the disease induced an intensification of the ingestive and the manifestation of the digestive function of neutrophils dynamically developing together with the specific immunity reactions. PMID- 1108523 TI - [Production of antirickettsial sera by immunizing horses. II. Obtaining and testing an immune serum to D. sibericus]. AB - The authors present the results of immunization of horses-producers with a commercial antigen and the yolk culture of the living R. sibericus (strain K1) for the purpose of obtaining specific immune sera for many purposes. It was shown that the original combined scheme of immunization and reimmunization of horses, successfully approved in the preparation of immune sera to Rickettsia prowazeki also proved to be highly effective for obtaining the antisera to R. sibericus. Sera obtained after the primary immunization of horses could be successfully used as diagnostic sera, but they were of no use for the preparation of fluorescent antibodies and the highly active hemosensitin; as to the sera obtained after the remote reimmunization--they were universal raw material. Dry fluorescent antibodies to R. sibericus were prepared of the horse sera (their stain titre was 1 : 256--1 : 512) a highly active hemosensitin, and also dry commercial diagnostic sera for the IHT, CFR and the immunofluorescent reaction of microagglutination. PMID- 1108524 TI - [Effect of the economic activity of man on natural foci of plague]. AB - Under the effect of human economic activity in the natural plague foci there occurred changes in the structures of local biocenoses. The extent and the direction of these changes were determined by the character and the scale of the economic activity. The final outcome of ploughing up, irrigation and supply with water of the vast areas is elimination of the focus or of its autonomic areas, but excessive exploitation of the desert pastures not infrequently leads to the opposite result. Large industrial construction and building of means of communications decreased the territories of the natural foci of plague only slightly, although no significant action was produced by them on the structure of biocenoses and the state of the foci. PMID- 1108525 TI - [Interaction of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis with the peritoneal macrophages from an immune and a nonimmune organism]. AB - The role of phagocytosis in experimental pseudotuberculosis was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Virulent Y. pseudotuberculosis strain caused the death of the majority of the cells, whereas the weakly-virulent ones--degenerative changes and the death of but of few of them. The capacity of the causative agents of pseudotuberculosis to survive and to reproduce within the cells could be regarded as one of the significant factors of virulence of these microbes. The maximal immunizing effect was observed in infection of the animals with sublethal dose of the living Y. pseudotuberculosis culture. A somewhat lesser, but a sufficiently high, immunizing effect was produced by lipopolysaccharide. A method of macrophage culture can be used for the assessment of the immunogenicity of various antigenic complexes of the microbes. PMID- 1108526 TI - [Effect of a mixed E. coli O-111 (RNA-azopositive and RNA-azonegative strains) and Coxsackie B3 viral infection on oxygen demand and on the succinate dehydrogenase activity of an HEp-2 cell culture according to polarographic study data]. AB - The authors determined polarographically the intensity of oxygen consumption and the activity of succinic dehydrogenase of the HEp-2 cell culture infected with the association of the Cocksackie B3 with the RNA-asopositive and RNA-asonegative strains of E. coli O--111, in comparison with the uninfected and separately infected virus or control bacteria. The results were recorded 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after the infection of the cell cultures. Mixed virus-bacterial infection intensified the oxygen consumption and the activity of succinic dehydrogenase by the HEp-2 cells, followed by a profound respiratory depression. The same effect was produced by the infection of cells by the virus alone. Less pronounced was the action of bacterial component. A change in the cell repiration of the infected cultures was independent of the RNA-ase activity of bacteria. Under conditions of mixed infection the intensity of the changes in oxygen consumption and of the succinic dehydrogenase activity was determined by the viral component of the association. PMID- 1108527 TI - [Antistaphylococcal bacteriostatic activity of the sera from surgical patients]. AB - Blood serum was examined in 41 patients (operated for various forms of acute appendicitis) on the 5th--6th day after the operation when 10 of the patients developed purulent complications of staphylococcal etiology. A determination was made of the titres of beta-lysins and the bacteriostatic activity against 2 strains of S. aureus by the modified Ehrenkranz et al method. The mentioned indices were low in the great majority of cases; consequently, the appearance of purulent complications in the operated patients was independent of the antistaphylococcal bacteriostatic activity and the beta-lysin titres in their sera. Prophylactic express-immunization of a number of patients by crude staphylococcus toxoid did not influence the nonspecific humoral immunity factors. PMID- 1108528 TI - [Effect of nucleic acids on the outcome of acute streptococcal infection]. AB - The work is devoted to the experimental study of the effect of exogenous heterologous RNA and DNA on the outcome of infection caused by streptococci- virulent and of low virulence, of the 1st and 2nd serological types of group A, in mice. It was found that the severity of the outcomes of the infectious process was not associated with the type of nucleic acids, but was determined by the dose and the periods of their administration in relation to the time of infection of the animals and the streptococcus virulence. Aggravation of the outcomes of the infection under the effect of exogenous RNA and DNA was accompanied by an increase in the virulence of the causative agent. PMID- 1108529 TI - [Genetic control of the capacity of Sh. flexneri to exert a lethal effect on macrophages. II. Mapping of the cyt-determinant on the Shigella chromosome]. AB - Crossing experiments showed independence of the genetic determinants controlling the capacity of Sh. flexneri to synthesize the primary S-specific side chains (antigen 3,4) and to produce a lethal action on macrophages cultivated in vitro. Cytotoxicity was restored only in transmission to the R-strain of shigellae of the capacity to synthesize the antigenic factor 3,4 from the cyt+, but not from the cyt-- donor of Sh. flexneri. The determinant responsible for the synthesis of cytotoxin designated as cyt was mapped on the chromosome of shigellae near the rfb gene, controlling the synthesis of the group-specific factor 3,4. The rate of linkage of the cyt+ a 3,4+ was equal to 24.4%. Transductants of the his--cyt-- strain of Sh. flexneri of the S-chemotype acquired the capacity to produce a lethal action on the macrophages with the frequency of the contransduction his+cyt+ equal to 2%. Since the rough (his+R) hybrids of Sh. flexneri and the lysozyme spheroplasts obtained from the cytotoxic strain lost the cytotoxicity whereas the synthesis of the group-specific factor 3,4 provided by itself no lethal effect of the dysentery bacilli on the macrophages it could be supposed that cytotoxin represented an additional thermolabile (in connection with the sensitivity to the temperature action) part of the Sh. flexneri O-antigen. PMID- 1108530 TI - [Epidemic control on the Western Front in the Battle of Moscow]. PMID- 1108531 TI - [Palatine tonsils and immunity. IV. Lymphocyte blast transformation in various lymphoid organs of animals immunized with microbial antigens]. AB - For the purpose of ascertaining the peculiarities of cellular differentiation of lymphoid cells of the palatine tonsils experiments were conducted on rabbits immunized intravenously and subcutaneously with streptococcus and paratyphoid B antigens; a study was made (in the blast-transformation reaction) of a comparative response of the lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils, the thymus, the spleen, the appendix and the regional lymph node. In case of stimulation with the specific microbial antigens and PHA the proliferative response was greater in the culture of the splenic lymphocytes and the regional lymph node than in the culture of the lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils and the appendix. The thymus lymphocytes responded to PHA only. A conclusion was drawn that the paratyphoid B and streptococcus antigens penetrating into the lymphoid tissue by hematogenic route stimulated a relatively low percentage of lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils and the appendix in comparison with the regional lymph node and the spleen. PMID- 1108532 TI - [Biological characteristics of biochemical variants of Sh. sonnei]. PMID- 1108533 TI - [Plaque-forming and antigen-containing cells in the lymph nodes on the secondary administration of a vaccinal strain of Brucella]. PMID- 1108534 TI - [Morphological characteristics of typhoid bacteria as an expression of changes in the metabolism of the culture in the process of continuous and periodic growing]. PMID- 1108535 TI - [Epidemiologists in the defense of Moscow]. PMID- 1108536 TI - [Study of the sensitivity of a morphological mutant of S. typhimurium to irradiation]. AB - Morphological Salmonella typhimurium LT2 WT--ED 143 mutant was similar by the character of the UV-sensitivity to the lon-mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. The paper treats of the data on the UV-sensitivity of the mutant and the initial strains at various growth phases, by the capacity to restore the irradiated P22 and Felix O bacteriophages and by the effect of various postradiational treatment on the irradiated strains. Data are presented on densitometry of the membrane proteins of the initial and the mutant strains, permitting to associate the unusual morphology, disturbed division and increased UV-sensitivity with the state of the membrane components of the bacterial cell. PMID- 1108537 TI - [Genetic determinants of the O-antigens of serologically typed E. coli]. AB - A study was made of the genetic determinants of the O-antigenicity in the E. coli, O25 and O86 serological groups in experiments on conjugation and transduction. In analysis of genetic recombinants selected from the crosses of the serologically typed and nontyped bacteria there was revealed a relationship between the inheritance of the antigenic signs (O25+ and O86+) and the capacity of histidine to synthesis. The S-form and the O25-antigenicity signs were readily cotransduced with the his+ marker, this pointing to the close linking of the corresponding genes loci on the bacterial chromosome. PMID- 1108538 TI - [Data on the biological characteristics of serological group O4 Escherichia isolated in acute intestinal diseases]. AB - A study was made of 155 strains of E. coli of the O4 serological group isolated from sick children and adults during group and sporadic acute intestinal diseases), from persons who came in contact with them, and also from healthy persons during prophylactic examination; three standard cultures were examined as well. Along with strains with a typical enzymatic activity there were strains which produced retarded lactose fermentation and also gas-free, immobile and lysin-negative strains resembling Shigellae. Eight biochemical types were determined among E. coli 04. A study of the antigenic structure by cross agglutinin adsorption indicated identicity of the strains by O-antigen and their difference by the K- and H-antigens. Circulation of E. coli of serological types O4: K12(L): H1,O4: K3(L): H5,O4: K3(L): H12,04: K12(L): H40,04: K52(L): H4, and O4: K12(L) HII was revealed; the first two serological types prevailed. Serological types of O4: K3(L):H12, O4: K12(L): HI and O4: K12(L): H40, isolated in cases of group and sporadic acute intestinal diseases were described for the first time. PMID- 1108539 TI - [Characteristics of serological group O144:K? Escherichia isolated in acute intestinal diseases]. AB - A study of 14 strains of E. coli belonging to serological group O144: K? isolated in clinical dysentery (bacteriologically unconfirmed), from contacts in the foci of clinical dysentery and acute enteric disease of unknown etiology, and also in prophylactic examination, was made. Among these cultures there were strains with shigella characteristics. Along with the serological type O144: K?: H--described earlier there was determined serological type O144: K?: H4 differing in the enzymatic activity and the absence of the capacity to produce shigellae keratoconjunctivitis. The cultures of the given serological type were isolated in the focus of bacteriologically-undeciphered acute intestinal disease, this pointing to their possible etiological role. In the light of the aforesaid escherichia of the O144: K? serologically groups could be referred to the enteropathogenic ones; in this connection it is necessary to prepare preparations for their serological identification. PMID- 1108540 TI - [Organizational and procedural forms and methods of epidemic control in the battles at the Stalingrad (Don) front in 1942-1943]. PMID- 1108541 TI - [Intranatal asphyxia and its influence on child development (review of the literature)]. PMID- 1108542 TI - [The syndrome of minimal brain dysfunction in children (review)]. PMID- 1108543 TI - [Konstantin Fedorovich Kanareikin (on his 70th birthday)]. PMID- 1108544 TI - [T.A. Geier--representative of the Moscow school of psychiatry and originator of the rehabilitation trend in Soviet psychiatry (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 1108545 TI - [James Parkinson and current problems of parkinsonism]. PMID- 1108546 TI - [The symptomatology of speech disorders in schizophrenia in the light of current research. (V). Dissociation of content and verbal expression]. PMID- 1108547 TI - [Anatolii Viktorovich Sheval'e]. PMID- 1108548 TI - [In memory of Petr Borisovich Gannushkin (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 1108549 TI - [P. B. Gannushkin and the development of social psychiatry in the USSR]. PMID- 1108550 TI - [The teachings of P. B. Gannushkin concerning minor psychiatry]. PMID- 1108551 TI - [P. B. Gannushkin and general psychopathology]. PMID- 1108552 TI - [The problem of a schizophrenic constitution as conceived by P. B. Gannushkin and current trends in the study of schizophrenia]. PMID- 1108553 TI - [Phiosophical and theoretical aspects of psychosomatic medicine in foreign countries]. PMID- 1108554 TI - [Clinical aspects of the study of averaged evoked cerebral potentials (review)]. PMID- 1108555 TI - [Anatolii Aleksandrovich Portnov (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 1108556 TI - [Several aspects of the study of human embryo brains]. AB - Using the Coons direct and indirect fluorescent antibody method, cryostatic sections and cultured neuroblasts of embryonic human brain were examined for the presence of intracellular antigens. The embryonic brain tissue was obtained from mentally healthy and schizophrenic women undergoing medically indicated, induced abortion during the first four months of pregnancy. As early as four weeks after the onset of embryonal development, positive cytoplasmatic and nuclear fluorescence were seen, with one exception, after incubation with gamma -- chain specific, anti-human IgG, and antirabbit immune globulin serum. More rarely, positive fluorescence was seen following incubation with alpha-chain specific anti-human IgA. Tests with anti-human IgM were persistently negative. The serum of two acutely ill, schizophrenic women contained a factor which --a) could easily be related to the cytoplasm of embryonic brain cells; b) could be absorbed out with whole thymocytes obtained post mortem from human newborn and c) produced positive cellular fluorescence when incubated with chain-specific antihuman IgG and IgA. PMID- 1108557 TI - [The structure and chemistry of myelin (review of the literature)]. PMID- 1108558 TI - [Abram Mironovich Khaletskii]. PMID- 1108559 TI - [Hans Jorg Weitbrecht]. PMID- 1108560 TI - [Motor synergies]. PMID- 1108561 TI - The role of oxaloacetate as feed-back inhibitor of isocitrate lyase in baker's yeast. PMID- 1108562 TI - [The 70th birthday of Academician Jan Cervenensky]. PMID- 1108563 TI - [The 50th birthday of Assistant Prof. Zdenek Bozdech, C.Sc]. PMID- 1108564 TI - Differential diagnosis and treatment of gas-producing infections. AB - During an 8-year period, 30 patients with gas-producing infections were admitted for treatment of hyperbaric oxygen. Infection was a consequence of trauma and operation in 26 cases and a complication of other diseases in 4 cases. The definitive diagnoses were clostridial myositis in 12 cases, clostridial cellulitis in 7, non-clostridial cellulitis in 9 (mainly E. coli infections); in 2 cases the diagnoses were uncertain. Six cases of E. coli infection were misinterpreted as myositis and were treated with hyperbaric oxygen at 3 atm. abs. without effect. Five of these cases were cured by antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage. The risk of hyperbaric oxygen at 3 atm. abs. necessitates a strong indication for this kind of treatment. Thirteen cases of clostridial infections (2 with cellulitis, 11 with myositis) were successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen except in 2 cases of myositis. Helpful data for the plausible diagnosis clostridial myositis in the acute stage were: a typical clinical picture with rapid progress of the local necrosis and inflammatory reaction, roentgenographically demonstrable intramuscular gas, and abundance of gram positive rods in exudate from the inflammation. Laboratory data had a limited value. In some cases of clostridial myositis, a fall of hemoglobin to low values (less than 7.5 g%) was seen in the first 24 hours and high values of hemoglobin/plasma were noted in 4 cases. Incidents of side-effects from hyperbaric oxygen treatment were frequent but only a few were serious and these subsided during a short interruption of the treatment. PMID- 1108565 TI - Small heparin doses as prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis in major surgery. AB - 100 patients were treated either with heparin 5,000 i.u. every 12 hours or placebo in a double-blind, randomized, prospective trial. The treatment was commenced 1-3 hours before surgery and was continued for 6 1/2 days. The criteria for the selection of patients and the principles on which the treatment and investigation schedules were based corresponded generally to those laid down by Kakkar et al. (1972). The incidence of deep-vein thrombosis of the lower extremities was 6% in the group treated with heparin and 20% in the placebo group. The decisive diagnosis of thrombosis was based on the scanning of the lower extremities after administration of I125-fibrinogen. No case of pulmonary embolism occurred and no complications because of the treatment were noted. We propose to institute investigations on a larger scale to evaluate the prophylactic value of small heparin doses with respect to pulmonary embolism. PMID- 1108566 TI - [Immunoglobulins in lymphoma]. PMID- 1108567 TI - The value of phase contrast microscopy for urinary cytology, reliability and pitfalls. PMID- 1108568 TI - Flow cytofluorimetry: discrimination between single cells and cell aggregates by direct size measurements. PMID- 1108569 TI - Effect of actinomycin D on the pituitary response to LH-RH. AB - The effect of Actinomycin D (Act D) on the release of LH and FSH induced by LH-RH was investigated in rats. Immature male rats received an iv infusion over a period of 3-4 h or a quick iv injection of synthetic LH-RH. Infusion of LH-RH significantly increased serum LH and FSH levels at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after the initiation of infusion. Pre-treatment with 100 mug/100 g.b.w. Act D failed to affect the rise of serum LH and FSH levels 1 h after the infusion but significantly suppressed the response at 2, 3 and 4 h. The increase in serum LH and FSH levels after a quick injection of LH-RH was unaffected by pre-treatment with Act D whether the antibiotic was injected 1 or 2 h before LH-RH. The results suggest that the initial phase of the pituitary response to LH-RH does not require DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, whereas that in the later period does. RNA synthesis may be necessary only to maintain the increased secretion of both LH and FSH during a continuous stimulation with LH-RH. PMID- 1108570 TI - [Preface: Special number in honor of Racul Palmer]. PMID- 1108571 TI - Giemsa staining after fixing with basic dye solutions in absolute methanol and its mechanism. PMID- 1108572 TI - Current view on the physiology and pathophysiology of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 1108573 TI - Migration inhibition of human leukocytes mixed with phytohemagglutinin preincubated mononuclear leukocytes. AB - An in vitro test able to demonstrate phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced migration inhibition of human peripheral blood leukocytes was investigated. The migration inhibition was demonstrated by the agarose migration technique. Purified mononuclear leukocytes which had been incubated for 30 min with PHA, then washed and added to non-separated leukocytes induced migration inhibition of the mixed cell population. Since no PHA was added to the non-separated leukocytes, a direct PHA effect on polymorph migration was avoided. If the PHA-preincubated mononuclear leukocytes were heated at 56 degrees C for 30 min, their ability to cause migration inhibition was abolished. This suggests that the inhibition was caused by migration inhibitory factor (MIF) produced by the PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 1108574 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in reversible obstructive airways disease. A clinical evaluation of one year's treatment. AB - Seven patients with reversible obstructive airways disease, who were unsatisfactorily relieved by conventional bronchodilating drugs, were admitted to a 1-year-long therapeutic trial with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol, 400 mug a day. After 3 weeks of treatment the mean values of VC, FEV, and PEFR were increased by about 100 per cent of the pretreatmetn values, and the consumption of self-administered bronchodilators was markedly diminished. Throughout the trial the occupationa diability and need for hospitalization were negligible compared with the previous year. Development of tolerance to the drug was not observed during the trial. The adrenocortical function remained unaffected, as judged by the plasma cortisol levels and adrenocortical stimulation tests. Continuously low normal levels of excreted urinary 17-ketogenic-steroids might indicate a very slight adrenal suppression. PMID- 1108575 TI - The Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiologists, 1950-1975. PMID- 1108576 TI - The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Danish Society of Anaesthesiology. PMID- 1108577 TI - On the activities of the Finnish Society of Anaesthesiologists, 1952-1974. PMID- 1108578 TI - The development of anaesthesiology in Iceland. A short survey. PMID- 1108579 TI - The Norwegian Association of Anaesthesiologists-25 years. PMID- 1108580 TI - The development of anaesthesiology in Sweden. PMID- 1108581 TI - Side effects and skills related to driving after intramuscular administration of bupivacaine and etidocaine. AB - Eleven healthy subjects were injected intramuscularly with a saline placebo, 1.3 mg/kg of 0.5% plain bupivacaine, or 2.6 mg/kg of 1.0% plain etidocaine in a double-blind cross-over fashion. Before and at 1/2, 2 and 4 h after injection, side effects were recorded, and psychomotor skills related to driving were measured. Fatigue, dizziness, and sore thighs were significantly more common with etidocaine than with bupivacaine or the saline solution. Bupivacaine significantly impaired eye-hand cooridination and flicker fusion discrimination during the whole observation period. Etidocaine impaired flicker fusion discrimination only. The subjects' adaption to darkness, sensitivity to brightness, and visual discrimination ability in bright counterlight remained unaltered after each treatment. The results suggest that such psychomotor performance as driving ability is impaired for at least 2 h after a patient receives 1.3 mg/kg of plain bupivacaine or 2.6 mg/kg of plain etidocaine intramuscularly. PMID- 1108582 TI - Thoracic epidural analgesia I-a double-blind study between bupivacaine and etidocaine. AB - A double-blind comparison was made in 40 patients undergoing thoracic epidural analgesia with either bupivacaine 0.5% or etidocaine 1.0%, both with adrenaline 5 mug/ml. All patients were undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery. They were studied both pre- and postoperatively. The parameters measured were: onset time, segmental spread and duration of analgesia; and also systolic blood pressure, heart rate and peak expiratory flow rate. In respect of these parameters, no major differences were found between the two solutions under the conditions of the study. The overall results, however, differ in many respects to those found when these agents are used in lumbar epidural analgesia. PMID- 1108583 TI - Histopathology of the endocrine pancreas of a fresh-water fish, Clarias batrachus (L.). V. Effect of epinephrine administration. AB - Intramuscular administration of epinephrine in 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg body weight doses to Clarias batrachus caused significant hyperglycemia between 12 and 18 h after treatment. The hormone produced a small decrease in the liver glycogen, but induced a notable fall in the glycogen of muscles and a transient increase in the brain glycogen. Light-microscopical examination of the pancreatic islets revealed degranulation and vacuolization of the beta-cells accompanied by acute necrosis. Damage to the alpha-cells was also noticed in hyperglycemic fish. The changes in the cellular configuration of the islets, blood glucose and on the tissue glycogen contents were dose-dependent. It is suggested that epinephrine alters the carbohydrate metabolism through the alpha-cells of the islets. PMID- 1108584 TI - Inhibition by quinaldate of dehydrogenases. AB - Quinaldate (quinoline-2-carboxylate) inhibits pyridine-, and flavin nucleotide dependent dehydrogenases, both inside the mitochondria and in isolated form. Other mitochondrial functions and some other isolated enzymes (with one exception) are not influenced by quinaldate at all. Thus, quinaldate can be regarded as a specific "dehydrogenase inhibitor". The inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) by quinaldate is of mixed type, both with respect to NAD+ and ethanol or lactate, respectively. The Ki for alcohol dehydrogenase is 4.5 mM, that of lactate dehydrogenase 7.5 mM. It can be assumed that the inhibition by quinaldate of dehydrogenases is a consequence of its binding to that part of the active centre which takes part in the dehydrogenation itself and might possess very similar structure in all dehydrogenases. PMID- 1108585 TI - Distribution of pyrimidine oligonucleotides in DNA fractions of Escherichia coli, separated on Methylalbumin-Kieselguhr columns. PMID- 1108586 TI - Dark neurons: a significant artifact: the influence of the maturational state of neurons on the occurrence of the phenomenon. AB - In cerebella of young rats, killed by decapitation, dark Purkinje cells were readily observed in animals from 16 days of age onward. In younger animals (from 0-12 days of age) these dark neurons were never observed. The author agrees with Cammermeyer and others that dark neurons are an avoidable artifact. The findings presented suggest, however, that the possibility of the occurrence of this type of artifact depends on the maturational state of the neurons concerned. PMID- 1108587 TI - Eye injuries cuased by tear-gas hand weapons. AB - Six patients hospitalized by eye injuries caused by tear-gas hand weapons are presented. Five of the lesions resulted from a short-distance shot of aerosol irritant projectors. Severe swelling and bloodshot of the lids and conjunctiva occurred in all cases. Epithelial defects, swelling and blurring of the parenchym were observed in the cornea. The treatment of each case took weeks, even months. Such an injury can because of scars in the cornea permanently lower the visual acuity. PMID- 1108588 TI - [Value of a de-fatted subclavicular flap in finger reconstruction]. PMID- 1108589 TI - [Modification of nystagmus through the effect of drugs. Apropos of a double-blind study]. PMID- 1108590 TI - Editorial: Reckless crusades against discrimination. PMID- 1108591 TI - Towards a bi-dimensional concept of mental deficiency. PMID- 1108592 TI - [The use of anticonvulsant treatment of behaviorally disturbed children with bio electric epilepsy. A follow-up study of 76 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108593 TI - [Investigation into the structure of space in normal and mentally handicapped children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108595 TI - The effect of sodium salicylate on utilization of alpha-ketoglutarate in the rat liver mitochondria, in relation to calcium content in the medium. PMID- 1108594 TI - Cardiovascular system reactivity to catecholamines during ontogenetic development of dogs and rats. PMID- 1108596 TI - Central action of normetanephrine effect on the behavior of rats. PMID- 1108597 TI - The interstitial space of adipose tissue as determined by single injection and equilibration techniques. AB - The interstitial 14C-sucrose space was determined in the subsutaneous adipose tissue of the dog using both a single injection-indicator dilution technique and an equilibration-tissue sampling method. 131I-albumin and 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes served as intravascular indicators. The conventional extrapolation method for single injection curves yielded space values several times lower than those measured by the equilibration technique, although sampling was continued until the venous outflow samples contained less than 1% of the peak 14C-sucrose activity. This discrepancy may be due to long transit times, for which the conventional extrapolation procedure does not account. An extrapolation procedure is proposed based on the assumption that the area under the normalized extra- and intravascular curves should be equal. By this procedure as well as by the equilibration technique the interstitial 14C-sucrose space in adipose tissue measures approximately 10 mlX100 g-1. The single injection technique does not appear applicable for space determinations in adipose tissue during sympathetic nerve stimulation (3-7 Hz), possibly due to "trapping" of the tracers within the tissue. PMID- 1108598 TI - [Preparation and properties of some derivatives of methyl-6-amino-6,8 dideoxy-1 thio-D-erythro-alpha-D-galacto octopyranoside]. PMID- 1108599 TI - Preleukemia. PMID- 1108600 TI - A controlled clinical trial of treatment with ALG in established rejection of renal allografts. AB - A controlled clinical investigation of the effect of equine anti-human-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) on established rejection after transplantation has been carried out in a group of 31 patients. Compared with a control group, the treated group showed a significantly positive effect of ALG in the form of a faster reversal of rejection episodes (p less than 0.05). Leucocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes and immunoglobulins were unaffected by the treatment, but there were signs of a complement-consuming process and an influence on blast transformation tests. No rise in antibody titre against equine globulin was seen. PMID- 1108601 TI - Differential count of urinary leucocytes and renal epithelial cells by phase contrast microscopy. AB - A total of 291 urine sediments from 255 patients with various renal or urinary tract diseases have been studied by phase contrast microscopy. Based upon morphological criteria, leucocytes were distinguished from renal epithelial cells and the white blood cells were classified either as mononuclear or polynuclear in 179 patients. The percentage of the different cell types varied considerably between and within the different diseases. The median values for polynuclear granulocytes were higher than 90% in bacterial renal or urinary tract disease and in polycystic kidney disease. In interstitial nephritis, nephrosclerosis and in renal transplanted patients the percentage of polynuclear granulocytes was somewhat lower, 76-85%. In diabetes, amyloidosis, tubular nephrosis (necrosis) glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and endemic benign nephropathy there were 14 66% polynuclear granulocytes. 29-33% mononuclear leucocytes were found in lupus nephritis and endemic benign nephropathy. The greatest proportion of renal epithelial cells was found in endemic benign nephropathy, namely 49%. 36% renal epithelial cells were found in tubular nephrosis (necrosis) and in glomerulonephritis. The technique is rapid and inexpensive. It facilitates differential diagnostics of urinary tract disease with pyuria. PMID- 1108602 TI - Studies on cytochrome b2 synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Synthesis of cytochrome b2 together with that of other hemoproteins is induced by oxygen. It is further stimulated by L-lactate. This is true for the enyzme in mitochondrial as well as cytoplasmic cell fractions. Chloramphenicol and erythromycin do not effect cytochrome b2 biosynthesis, whereas cycloheximide prevents it in aerobicallly adapting cells. Mutants lacking cytochrome b2 activity still exhibit the activities of D-lactate dehydrogenase and D 2hydroxyacid dehydrogenase. PMID- 1108603 TI - Cysteine biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The existence of two postulated pathways of anabolic cysteine biosynthesis in Aspergillus midulans was investigated. No activities of the postulated pathway involving S-sulfocysteine as intermediate have been detected. Investigations on cyteine and methionine requiring mutants revealed independent regulation of O acetylserine sulfhydrylase by endogeneous cysteine and methionine pools. The reaction catalysed by O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase is postulated as the only anabolic pathway of cysteine biosynthesis in A. nidulans. PMID- 1108604 TI - Changes in the biochemical properties of Shigella flexneri la as a result of recombination with Escherichia coli K12. AB - The fermentative properties of recombinants obtained after conjugation between E. coli K12 HfeC and S. flexneri la Lac Phe mutant were investigated. The recombinants showed the antigenic structure of S. flexneri but their biochemical characteristics differed from the properties typical for this genus. The recombinants were found to acquire the ability to ferment several carbohydrates not degraded by the S. flexneri recipient strain. PMID- 1108605 TI - Central nervous structures participanting in the simple recognition of touch. AB - Short review of a series of experiments in the dog aimed at studying the correlation between lesions of the two cerebral somatosensory areas or the different spinal pathways projecting to these areas and defects in tactile sensitivity. PMID- 1108606 TI - Morphological examination of the juxtaglomerular apparatus following the fluorescence microscopic demonstration of sympathetic nerves. AB - Several catecholamine demonstrating fluorescence techniques based on the formaldehyde-condensation principle have been examined for the possibility of application of juxtaglomerular granulum demonstrating methods. Freezing and thawing cause a distruption of juxtaglomerular granules. Short formalin fixation does not prevent this damage. Juxtaglomerular granules were successfully stained after freeze-drying. The adaptation of Endes's trichrome method on the basis of the classical catecholamine technique of Falck and Owman resulted in a reliable practical method. Procedures introduced into the trichrome methods to increase the colour and intensity contrast of the staining of juxtaglomerular granules and to stain the elastic membranes are described. Some aspects of the staining mechanism of juxtaglomerular specific granules are also discussed. PMID- 1108607 TI - [Filamentation test, comparative study in 6 culture media]. PMID- 1108608 TI - [Prosthetic constructions in ceramo-nickel]. PMID- 1108609 TI - [History of tooth extractions: data concerning the prehistoric period]. PMID- 1108610 TI - [A faulty casting of a fixed prosthesis. Analytic and prospective study. Study of a new technic]. PMID- 1108611 TI - [The gingival fluid: current data]. PMID- 1108612 TI - Lung tumors in mice: application to carcinogenesis bioassay. PMID- 1108613 TI - Cell death in normal and malignant tissues. PMID- 1108614 TI - Regulation in the folate pathway of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1108615 TI - The composition and biosynthesis of milk fat. PMID- 1108616 TI - Vitamin E and selenium deficiencies (VESD) of domestic animals. PMID- 1108617 TI - Neonatal isoerythrolysis in domestic animals: a comparative review. PMID- 1108618 TI - The endocrinologic changes of gestation and parturition in the sheep. PMID- 1108619 TI - Significant recent advances in biological control of vector insects. PMID- 1108620 TI - Landscape epidemiology (epizootiology). PMID- 1108621 TI - Some diseases of free-living wildlife. PMID- 1108622 TI - Dietary potassium deficiency in the elderly: a controlled trial. AB - A controlled cross-over trial of supplementary potassium was conducted in 46 elderly people whose dietary intake of potassium appeared to be no more than 45 mEq per day. Their grip strength and mental function were no better after two weeks' treatment with 48 mEq than when they received placebo tablets. It was concluded that the possible benefits of widespread potassium supplementation do not justify the risks which would be incurred. PMID- 1108623 TI - The inhibition of Clostridium botulinum type B and E in salami sausage. PMID- 1108624 TI - Streptococcus agalactiae infection in a hamster. PMID- 1108625 TI - The benefit-to-risk ratio. PMID- 1108626 TI - Electroencephalographic study in acute rheumatic carditis. AB - Electroencephalographic studies were done in rheumatic fever patients in order to determine the distribution of normal and abnormal EEG patterns in different clinical forms. The duration of EEG abnormalities related to rheumatic activity was compared with the duration of increased sedimentation rate and tachycardia. Rheumatic fever cases were divided into four groups: (1) acute active rheumatic carditis, (2) acute polyarthritis without carditis, (3) nonactive old rheumatic valvular heart disease, and (4) Sydenham's chorea. EEG findings were within normal limits in acute polyarthritis and in nonactive rheumatic valvular heart disease, but there were abnormal EEG findings in 29 per cent of chorea and in 94 per cent of active carditis cases. In active carditis all EEG changes returned to normal approximately within 8 weeks, whereas the sedimentation rate and tachycardia returned to normal within a shorter period. PMID- 1108627 TI - The effects of milling on diameters and lengths of fibrous glass and chrysotile asbestos fibers. AB - An investigation on the ffects of milling on diameters and lengths of fibrous glass and chrysotile asbestos was performed. A wool type fibrous glass and chrysotile asbestos were ball milled, one at a time, for selected periods of time. After each milling time a sample was taken by using a special technique to obtain representative samples. The samples from all milling times were analyzed by phase contrast microscopy with a Zeiss phase contrast objective at a total magnification of 625 X. Selected samples were observed and photographed in a Phillips EM 200 electron miscroscope. The results of examination by phase contrast microscopy showed that milling had no significant effect on diameters of fibrous glass fibers, but reduced the lengths of these fibers and reduced both diameters and lengths of chrysotile asbestos... PMID- 1108628 TI - Industrial hygiene consultants. PMID- 1108629 TI - Antonioni's Blow-up: from crib to camera. PMID- 1108630 TI - Shared fantasy in Puritan sermons. PMID- 1108631 TI - Clinical significance of coronary arterial ectasia. AB - In a study group of 2,457 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, 30 patients had coronary arterial ectasia, an irregular dilatation of major vessels up to seven times the diameter of branch vessels. The frequency of hypertension, abnormal electrocardiogram and history of myocardial infarction was greater than that in a control group with obstructive coronary artery disease. Patients with ectasia did not differ from patients with obstructive disease in sex, age, prevalence of angina or presence of metabolic abnormalities. Six deaths occurred in the group with ectasia during a mean follow up period of 24 months (annual rate of 15 percent). Extensive destruction of the musculoelastic elements was evident, resulting in marked attenuation of the vessel wall. The short-term prognosis in this group is the same as in medically treated patients with three vessel obstructive coronary artery disease. PMID- 1108632 TI - Hereditary prolongation of the Q-T interval. Genetic observations and management in three families with twelve affected members. AB - Three families with the prolongation Q-T interval are described. Two demonstrated the nonsex-linked dominant mode of inheritance of the condition without neural deafness (the Romano-Ward syndrome). Family A had four affected members in three generations. Family B had three affected members in two generations, but the parents of the affected children were distant relatives. Family C had five affected members in three generations. Of the nine living affected members, seven were asymptomatic and never experienced syncope. The remaining two, aged 7 and 9 years, respectively, had multiple syncopal attacks. Of three affected members who died, two had electrocardiograms before death. The thirds, an apparently healthy boy of 14 years, had a single syncopal attack 13 months before he died in his sleep. The nature of the dysrhythmia causing syncope was documented in two cases. One of the affected children was treated successfully with a permanent demand pacemaker and propranolol, the other with propranolol alone. The electrophysiologic findings and the management of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients are discussed. PMID- 1108633 TI - Resolution problems in echocardiology: a source of interpretation errors. AB - Resolution is the ability of the echocardiographic system to distinguish closely lying structures. This is usually defined in two directions: laterally (lateral resolution) and in depth (axial resolution). With use of short ultrasonic pulses, axial resolution is not a major problem. By far the more important problem is the limited lateral resolution that results from the finite beam width of current ultrasonic devices. This results in the display of echoes that originate from off axis structures. How these off-axis or "spurious echoes" affect the display is a function of the way the echographic information is handled. In conventional M mode tracings, spurious echoes are displayed at a site where there is no directly corresponding anatomic structure, whereas with two-dimensional imaging, these echoes may result in important distortions of structures. The underlying principles are illustrated by a clinical experiment wherein the ball of a Starr Edwards mitral valve prosthesis serves as a target of known shape and dimensions. These data are used to elucidate some of the problems and potential errors encountered in the interpretation of clinical M-mode recordings of the aorta, mitral valve and the left ventricular endocardium as well as their cross sectional analysis. They also explain the present limitations of quantification of left ventricular performance from cross-sectional images. PMID- 1108634 TI - Isosorbide dinitrate for the relief of severe heart failure after myocardial infarction. AB - Severe congestive heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction remains a difficult management problem. Although intravenous vasodilators and mechanical assist devices have been reported to improve the depressed hemodynamic function, these interventions are limited to the intensive care unit and cannot be used for long-term management. This study evaluates the hemodynamic and symptomatic response to sublingual administration to isosorbide dinitrate (5 to 10 mg) in seven consecutive patients with severe congestive heart failure after anterior wall myocardial infarction. Serial measurements of mean right atrial and pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure, mean blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were obtained during the control period and during the 4 hours after administration of isosorbide dinitrate. The peak response occurred approximately 30 minutes after drug administration with an 83 percent reduction in mean right atrial pressure (from 6 to 1 mm Hg, P less than 0.02), a 36 percent reduction in pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure (from 25 to 16 mm Hg, P less than 0.0001) and a 6 percent reduction in mean blood pressure (from 94 to 88 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). There were small but statistically not significant increases in cardiac index (from 2.3 to 2.6 liters/min per m2 and stroke work index (from 26 to 32 gm/beat per m2). The total systemic vascular resistance was reduced by 5 percent from 1,605 to 1,518 dynes sec cm-5 (P less than 0.10). The baseline heart rate of 105 beats/min was not significantly changed. The reduction in pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure became statistically significant (P less than 0.05) between 15 and 30 minutes after administration of isosorbide dinitrate and remained significant for 3 to 4 hours. This reduction of pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure to less than 22 mm Hg was associated with relief of the patients' pulmonary symptoms. The response to nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) was similar in magnitude but of much shorter duration (approximately 15 minutes for nitroglycerin versus 4 hours for isosorbide dinitrate in patients with and without congestive heart failure. The slope (calculated by dividing the change in cardiac index or stroke work index by the change in pulmonary arterial end diastolic pressure) was significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed in the patients with congestive heart failure. These data demonstrate that the symptomatic pulmonary venous hypertension can be effectively relieved by isosorbide dinitrate without further compromising left ventricular function. PMID- 1108635 TI - Del Vecchio (1895) on suture of the heart--I. PMID- 1108636 TI - Sudden death in the mitral valve prolapse-click syndrome. PMID- 1108637 TI - Localization of antisera to LHbeta and FSHbeta in the rat pituitary gland. AB - Pituitary glands from adult male and female rats were stained by the immunocytochemical bridge technique with antisera to ovine LHbeta and human FSHbeta. Peroxidase reaction product was localized in the same PAS-positive cells with both antisera. The cells varied in size and topographical distribution within the pars distalis. These observations support the concept that a single cell type is responsible for the synthesis of both LH and FSH in the rat. PMID- 1108638 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the effects of pressure on the luminal surface of the rabbit aorta. AB - The effects of pressure on the luminal surface of the rabbit aorta were investigated using the scanning electron microscope. The method followed was perfusion under hydrostatic pressure of a section of thoracic aorta, in vitro. The characteristic ridged pattern seen in sections fixed at zero hydrostatic pressure was to a large extent eliminated when fixation occurred at pressures equivalent to those experienced by the aorta at systole or diastole. This study suggests that the spiral ridged pattern is dependent upon the fixation pressure and may not be present in a normally functioning artery. Any attempts to characterize or interpret the appearance of the luminal arterial wall must take into account the effects of pressure. PMID- 1108639 TI - Hypothesis: energy wastage in alcoholism and drug abuse: possible role of hepatic microsomal enzymes. AB - Hepatic microsomal drug oxidation appears to be an energy-wasteful process because it has no known link with energy-conserving mechanisms such as the synthesis of ATP, and in addition it requires the uncoupled oxidation of NADPH. It is postulated that this can appreciably alter the energy balance of the whole body under certain conditions. Such an imbalance would be favored by the repeated intake of drugs that induce hepatic microsomal enzymes and by the provision of ethanol as a major source of calories. The hypothesis is consistent with the changes in body weight in humans and animals after chronic ethanol intake. It is supported by observations of an increased oxygen consumption in rats given ethanol or barbiturates in doses that induce hepatic microsomal enzymes. PMID- 1108640 TI - Metrication of clinical laboratory data in SI units. AB - The development and general concepts of the Systeme International d'Unites (SI units) are discussed. The basic and derived quantities and units of the SI used for clinical laboratory data are reviewed. Ranges of normal values for a number of body fluid constituents are given in the units in current general use and in SI units, with corresponding conversion factors. PMID- 1108641 TI - Evaluation of amniotic fluid for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. AB - Studies of 117 pregnant women, 83 at term, were instituted to determine the bacteriologic state of amniotic fluid, utilizing both standard aerobic and anaerobic technics. A high association of postpartum infection was found in women who had long periods of premature reptured membranes and many vaginal examinations. Significant organisms including anaerobes, were isolated in many of these instances. Based on the findings of these studies, it is recommended that amniocentesis for aerobic and anaerobic cultures be done when membranes have been ruptured for 8 hours or more, and when the patient has had seven or more vaginal examinations during the course of labor. PMID- 1108642 TI - Clonorchis sinensis and pancreatitis. Twenty-five after endemic exposure. AB - Clonorchis sinensis is an aften-cited but rarely reported cause of acute pancreatitis. We report a patient with Clonorchis infestation detected 24 years after leaving the endemic area, in whom the parasite is a likely cause of pancreatitis. Recognizing the popularity of the Cantonese style of Chinese cooking and noting relaxation of travel restrictions to the endemic areas, we feel Clonorchis should be sought in the obscure case of pancreatitis, especially in Orientals and travelers who have lived in the endemic area. PMID- 1108643 TI - Age trends in human chiasma frequencies and recombination fractions. II. Method for analyzing recombination fractions and applications to the ABO:nail-patella linkage. AB - A new method is presented for studying the relationship between human recombination fractions and parental age at the time of conception. Assuming the sex specific recombination fraction to be a linear function of age, a feasible computer algorithm is described whereby the likelihood of multigenerational families can be calculated. Using this method and the likelihood ratio test, it is found that for the ABO:nail-patella linkage age (P= .17)is more significant than sex (p= .23) in its effect on the recombination fraction. The age effect, if it is real, appears to be limited to males: the paternal recombination fraction decreases by .0062(+/- .0036) per year. PMID- 1108644 TI - Letter to the editor: PDGRE: a computer program to graph human pedigrees. PMID- 1108645 TI - Drug default among schizophrenic patients. AB - This study attempted to isolate the relationship of two variables that operate to influence drug compliance among schizophrenic patients: the patient's attitude toward his disturbance, and the treatment milieu employed during hospitalization. Schizophrenic patients were administered the Rorschach test upon admission to the psychiatric service of a general hospital to determine their perception of their disturbance. Results of this psychological test were used to randomly select 48 patients who were then randomly assigned to two treatment milius: self-medication during hospitalization and as an outpatient, and traditional drug administration during hospitalization and self-medication as an outpatient. Phenothiazine drugs were used, and compliance was determined by urinalysis. Patients who were generally realistic in their perception of their disorder were significantly more compliant during hospitalization and subsequent outpatient treatment. The treatment milieu variable was not a significant influence. Further analysis via a linear regression model confirmed the relationship of several other compliance factors previously reported in the literature. The role of the patient's attitude toward his illness and the importance of personal relationships are considered in terms of the role of the pharmacist in influencing compliance. PMID- 1108646 TI - Vasodilator drugs in peripheral vascular disease. AB - The use of vasodilator drugs in peripheral vascular disease is reviewed. Discussed are actions and efficacy of direct-acting drugs such as isoxsuprine, papaverinek niacin and cyclandelate; the beta-receptor stimulating drug, nylidrin; and drugs which affect the sympathetic nervous system, such as tolazoline, reserpine, guanethidine, methyldopa, ergot alkaloids and alcohol. Both animal and clinical studies reveal little evidence of the effectiveness of vasodilator drugs in the treatment of obstructive arterial disease. In some patients with vasospastic diseases, vasodilators which act upon the sympathetic nervous system (reserpine and guanethidine) may have an ameliorating effect by increasing cutaneous capillary blood flow. PMID- 1108648 TI - Timely topics in microbiology: Nonenteric gram negatives, 1973. PMID- 1108647 TI - Timely topics in microbiology: mycology, 1973. PMID- 1108649 TI - Amikacin therapy of infections in neutropenic patients. AB - Amikacin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, was utilized in the treatment of 49 cases of infection which occurred in 39 neutropenic cancer patients. Thirty-four patients (69 per cent) responded to this antibiotic. Pneumonia and septicemia were the most common types of infection treated and the response rates were 65 per cent and 75 per cent, respectively. Gram-negative bacili were responsible for 93 per cent of the identified infections and 74 per cent responded. E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, and organisms of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group were the most common gram-negative bacilli causing infection. Responses were more frequent among patients who maintained higher serum concentrations of antibiotic, but the differences were not statistically significant. Patients with severe neutropenia (less than 100 neutrophils/mm3) had a response rate of 68 per cent. Toxicity was manifested as azotemia and hearing loss which occurred in 13 per cent and 6 per cent, respectively. However, toxicity was directly related to serum concentration and to the number of treatments with amikacin. This antibiotic is of potential importance because of its efficacy against gram-negative bacilli infections. Best results were obtained when sufficient drug was given as a continuous intravenous infusion to maintain serum concentrations of about 15 mu g/ml. PMID- 1108650 TI - Parathyroid hormone and the regulation of acid-base balance. AB - Parathormone (PTH) excess limits renal bicarbonate reabsorption. This may aggravate the acidosis in patients with renal insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Why parathormone, the primary action of which is thought to be stabilization of the inonized fraction of calcium, affects acid-base balance remains uncertain. Parathormone not only promotes the release of calcium from bone but also mobilizes salts, including bicarbonate and phosphate. Accumulation of these anions in the extracellular fluid would limit the ionization of calcium. Teleologically it is not unexpected to find that, coincident with evolution of a mechanism which permits rapid mobilization of calcium from bone, a system had to develop which removed the byproducts of bone dissolution. If this concept is valid, parathormone-induced depression of renal bicarbonate reabsorption in uremia represents an undesired side effect of an adaptive mechanism. This would extend Bricker's "trade-off" hypothesis which ascribes metabolic bone disease due to PTH-induced phosphate loss to include metabolic acidosis resulting from diminished renal bicarbonate regeneration. Parathyroidectomy or phosphate restriction have been proposed for correction of the side effects of secondary hyperparathyroidism. These therapeutic manipulations cannot be recommended for general use. A more rational apprach for prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism is the combined use of phosphate restriction with a short acting vitamin D derivative. PMID- 1108651 TI - A century of advances in the health sciences: the global view. PMID- 1108652 TI - Books of the year. PMID- 1108653 TI - What patients awaiting kidney transplant want to know. PMID- 1108654 TI - Nurses in American history. The Cadet Nurse Corps-in World War II. PMID- 1108655 TI - Cadets, march! PMID- 1108656 TI - A double-blind investigation into the effects of ritodrine on uterine blood flow during the third trimester of pregnancy. AB - The object of this double-blind crossover study was to investigate the effect of a beta-mimetic agent-ritodrine-administered intravenously at increasing infusion rates on uterine blood flow and the maternal cardiovascular system during the third trimester of normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation and/or hypertension. Uterine blood flow, maternal arterial blood pressure, maternal and fetal heart rate, and uterine activity were simultaneously recorded throughout the study. In normal pregnancies the changes in different parameters during ritodrine and placebo administration were slight. In the "pathologic" pregnancies there was a highly significant increase in maternal heart rate, differential blood pressure, and uterine blood flow during ritodrine administration. The differences in response to ritodrine and placebo were statistically significant in this later group. This study demonstrates increased sensitivity of the maternal cardiovascular system to this beta-mimetic agent in certain categories of high-risk pregnancies and possibily an increase in uteroplacental blood flow. PMID- 1108657 TI - Maternal endotoxemia, fetal anomalies, and central nervous system damage: a rat model of a human problem. AB - Endotoxemia is a common consequence of the gram-negative urinary tract infections that complicate human pregnancies. Only rarely, however, have the effects of maternal endotoxemia been evaluated by animal experiments or by human investigations. Data of the Collaborative Perinatal Study suggest an association between maternal endotoxemia and fetal central nervous system damage. For these reasons we performed controlled studies of the fetal effects of treatment of pregnant rats, at appropriate gestational ages, with E. coli endotoxin. We found a maximum 7 per cent incidence of fetal anomalies in the treated animals but no anomalies in controls. Placental light microscopy examinations indicated the mechanism to include Shwartzman-lixemia produces periventricular leukomalacia. We obtained an incidence of neuronal necrosis in treated fetuses that was 10 times greater than in control fetuses. It is therefore of importance that additional studies of the pathologic effects of endotoxin be performed. PMID- 1108658 TI - Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology. Case of ovarian tumors--both the right and the left being removed at the same operation. by John Light Atlee, The New York Journal of Medicine and the Collateral Sciences, vol. 1, 1843. PMID- 1108659 TI - Maternal midtrimester sepsis in association with the intrauterine contraceptive device: early histopathologic findings. PMID- 1108660 TI - Case of vesico-vaginal fistula, successfully treated by an operation. George Hayward. American Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 24, pp. 283-288, 1839. PMID- 1108661 TI - Policy development and strategy in the licensure of speech pathologists and audiologists. AB - This article presents an account of the licensure movement in the professions of speech pathology and audiology and the role of the American Speech and Hearing Association (ASHA) in that movement. The introductory section relates the evolution of ASHA's position on licensure from one of opposition in the 1960's to the current position of active support, whereas the body of the article delineates the processes by which three state speech and hearing associations initiated and brought to fruition their licensure efforts. The conclusion of the article summarizes the legislative recommendations made by ASHA members from the 25 states that have enacted licensure laws. These recommendations cover such areas as organizing a licensure effort, garnering support from professional and other groups, and managing the bill in the state legislature. The author concludes that, while the profession has benefited from its licensure achievements, efforts to protect present gains and secure new ones must continue. PMID- 1108662 TI - Letter to the editor: Reservations on third molar enucleation. PMID- 1108663 TI - Orthodontic education: Past, present, and future. PMID- 1108664 TI - Southwestern's Martin Dewey Award goes to W. Kenneth Thurmond. PMID- 1108665 TI - Serial extraction: Precautions, limitations, and alternatives. PMID- 1108666 TI - The American Board of Orthodontics: today and the future. PMID- 1108667 TI - Clinical pathologic correlation in viral hepatitis. The effect of the virus on the liver. AB - In clinical pathologic correlations, including the potential effect of the virus on the liver, the morphologic features of the various stages of viral hepatitis are the firm information available today. With acute hepatitis being an inflammatory reaction to cell injury and necrosis, and chronic hepatitis being sustained inflammation, correlation with clinical features and functional defects is good in acute hepatitis and less so in the chronic stages. The pathogenesis of the diseases-including cell necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis formation-is reasonably well understood, and this knowledge assists both in prognosis and in monitoring of therapy. The localization of the components of the hepatitis B antigen and their effects, including the nature of the immune response, is the most exciting aspect of the clinical pathologic problem. Today's interpretations offer, at best, a working hypothesis promising further understanding of the evolution of the disease. PMID- 1108669 TI - Psychosocial development among black children and youth: a reexamination. AB - The fundamental assumptions and empirical evidence, upon which are based conventional views of the nature and meaning of black self-esteem, are examined. Review of the literature reveals that a number of these assumptions and conclusions have been drawn from rather weak empirical data. Results of recent investigations, suggesting alternative interpretations and conclusions regarding the level and quality of black self-esteem, are presented. PMID- 1108668 TI - Recent advances in the study of the epidemiology of hepatitis B. AB - Recent advances in the study of hepatitis B shed much light on the basic epidemiologic patterns of this unique infection. The spectrum of host responses following exposure is unusually wide. Hepatitis B appears to be one of the most widespread infections; the total number of chronic carriers of the hepatitis B antigen has been estimated as at least 120 million. The following factors have been found to be closely associated with the risk of hepatitis B; geography, sex, age at testing, age at primary infection, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, occupation, sharing a household with a carrier, sexual promiscuity, and immunologic responsiveness. Data concerning the infectivity of an asymptomatic carrier are ambiguous; whether a carrier can transmit the virus by sexual intercourse also remains unknown. Available evidence seems to suggest that genetic factors may be of importance in the aggregation and segregation of hepatitis B. PMID- 1108670 TI - Muscle pain syndromes--Part II. PMID- 1108671 TI - Members of the american association of physical anthropologists. PMID- 1108672 TI - Successful non-operative treatment of high rectal fistula. PMID- 1108673 TI - Malignant melanoma of the anal canal. PMID- 1108675 TI - Benjamin Harris Balser. 1905-1975. PMID- 1108674 TI - Overview: maintenance therapy in psychiatry: II. Affective disorders. AB - In the first part of this overview the author reviewed the clinical literature on prophylactic treatment of schizophrenia with maintenance antipsychotic drugs. In this second part he reviews the literature on maintenance treatment of affective disorders with lithium and tricyclics. He concludes that the growing realization that maintenance treatment is necessary to prevent recurrences of both mania and depression in bipolar disease and depression in unipolar disease is one of the most important advances in psychiatric therapeutics. The effectiveness of maintenance treatment provides the potential for a truly preventive approach to the treatment of affective disorders. PMID- 1108676 TI - Community mental health center legislation: flight of the phoenix. AB - The author describes the history and implications of recent legislation affecting community mental health centers. New legislative requirements will result in centers seeing typically underserved populations (children, the elderly, and drug and alcohol abusers) as part of 7 new essential services. The impact of new grant mechanisms and the role of the National Institute of Mental Health in assisting and evaluating centers are examined. The author concludes that as a result of legislative and other trends in mental health care, psychiatrists will be seeing sicker patients for shorter periods, role confusion in the mental health professions will lessen, and centers will be forced to devote much time and effort to financial concerns and appropriate allocation of manpower. PMID- 1108678 TI - Editorial: Change and challenge. PMID- 1108677 TI - A note on some recent studies of released mental hospital patients in the community. AB - The author conducted a literature search for follow-up studies of patients released from state mental hospitals to the community to assess the impact of released patients and the community on one another. She found that the follow-up studies lacked comparability in several ways and concludes that there is a need for greater comparability in future studies so that their validity as indicators of patients' postrelease functioning may be increased. PMID- 1108679 TI - An eclectic approach to quality control in fee-for-service health care: The New York City Medicaid Experience. AB - A computer-based system for evaluating the quality of fee-for-service health care in the New York City Medicaid Program is described. Specific information is sought for use in educational, enforcement and managerial activities to improve health care quality. The gathering of this information necessitates coordinated assessment of the structure, process and outcome of health care, through inspection of offices, computerized analysis of patterns of practice as revealed by billing forms, and reexamination of patients. The program's focus on patterns of practice, its use of multiple assessment techniques, and its concentration on unequivocally substandard care circumvent several limitations on current evaluation technology. Implications for Professional Standards Review Organizations and national health insurance are explored. PMID- 1108680 TI - Societal change and public health: A rediscovery. PMID- 1108681 TI - Canine salmonellosis: A review and report of dog to child transmission of Salmonella enteritidis. AB - Dogs have been shown to harbor 53 salmonellae serotypes. Multiple simultaneous infections with 2 to 4 serotypes have been observed. The prevalence of canine salmonellosis may be a high as 27 per cent. Salmonella typhimurium and S. anatum are the most common etiologic agents. Dogs commonly experience a sub-clinical course of salmonellosis. Some investigators state that the dog may serve as a source of human infections. A few reports in the literature have documented this fact. The transmissions of S. enteritidis from dog to child is described in this article. PMID- 1108682 TI - The mental hygiene movement: Institutional response to individual concern. The early years of the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic. PMID- 1108683 TI - Public health and the law: A bicentennial review. PMID- 1108684 TI - The paleoepidemiology of porotic hyperostosis in the American Southwest: Radiological and ecological considerations. AB - Porotic hyperostosis was observed in 34 percent of 539 crania excavated from sites in Arizona and New Mexico. Common causes of this cranial pathology in the Old World (thalassemia, sickel cell anemia, and malargia) do not explain its occurrence in the American Southwest, as malaria and hemoglobinopathies are not known to have existed in the New World prior to European contact. Iron deficiency anemia which may also be assoicated with porotic hyperostosis occurs on a mass level only with hookworm infestation or nutritionally-related iron deficiency. Since hookworm infestation is rare in the American southwest and has not been reported in prehistoric southwestern American Indians, the hypothesis of nutritional anemia was examined. In canyon bottom sites where the diet was heavily dependent on maize, which is low in iron and also contains an inhibitor of iron absorption, significantly more crania had porotic hyperostosis than in sage plain sites, where the diet included ample animal protein rich in easily absorbable iron (p less than .001). Furthermore, canyon bottom children, who were more susceptible to iron deficiency anemia, had a higher incidence of porotic hyperostosis lesions than adults (p less than .0001). PMID- 1108685 TI - Long-term exocrine function of the pancreas transplant. AB - The long-term exocrine function of fifty-nine pancreaticoduodenal isografts was evaluated in rats for up to one year post transplantation. At one, three, six, nine, and twelve months after transplantation the grafts were cannulated and the exocrine secretion was collected. The volume, protein content, pH, amylase and trypsin concentrations, and electrolyte composition of the secretion were compared with those obtained from the host pancreas in nineteen control rats. Twenty-four hour secretion studies demonstrated normal basal function of the pancreas transplant when compared with that of the host. Pancreozymin stimulation caused an increase in volume, trypsin concentration, and amylase concentration of the graft pancreas secretion that was similar to those seen in the host. These studies indicate that there is normal exocrine secretion of pancreas transplants in the absence of rejection and that denervation of the gland has little direct effect on over-all pancreatic function. PMID- 1108686 TI - Transplantation of the pancreas into a retroperitoneal jejunal loop. AB - A new technic of pancreatic transplantation was developed and assessed in sixty nine dog experiments. The body and tail of the pancreas were transplanted into the side of the Roux-en-Y retroperitoneal limb of jejunum. A dual venous anastomosis of the splenic vein to the vena cava was utilized to avoid venous congestion. Mean survival with normoglycemia was 32.4 days in thirty dogs with autografts and 24.6 days in twenty-seven dogs with allografts. Two dogs with autotransplants remain alive at 106 and 128 days, and the longest normoglycemic survival achieved with an allograft was 85 days. With experience the incidence of pancreatitis and abscess formation decreased. The problem of venous thrombosis was eliminated and the patency of the pancreatic duct was maintained. PMID- 1108687 TI - Reflux gastritis: the consequences of intestinal juice in the stomach. AB - The consequences of exposure of the intact stomach to intestinal contents were examined in six dogs. Diversion of duodenal contents through the stomach lead to the following changes: histologic gastritis in both antrum and corpus, increase in resting and postprandial serum gastrin levels, increased parietal cell density in four of six animals, and enhanced maximal acid secretory capacity in three of six animals. No significant changes were seen in insulin-stimulated acid secretion, insulin-stimulated pepsin secretion, antral gastrin levels, or G cell numbers. We conclude that chronic exposure of the intact stomach to duodenal contents results in gastritis and an amplified gastrin response to food. Parietal cell numbers and maximal acid secretory capacity are increased in some animals. PMID- 1108688 TI - Two decades of gastrointestinal research. A perspective. PMID- 1108689 TI - Prospective studies of gastric secretion in trauma patients. AB - Patients who had cranial injuries and those who were less severely injured had a normal gastric acid output. Pepsin output decreased throughout the first 72 hours after trauma. Gastric juice protein output was slightly increased. Gastric mucosal cell renewal as estimated by gastric juice DNA was increased. Patients who were more severely injured and those with intra-abdominal trauma had markedly increased gastric acid, pepsin, and protein output after increased gastric mucosal cell exfoliation but a relatively decreased gastric mucosal cell renewal between 36 and 72 hours after trauma. It is concluded that the gastric mucosa must be protected by antacids and/or gastric aspiration before 24 hours after trauma and continued through at least 72 hours. This study supports the importance of acid-pepsin damage during gastric mucosal cell exfoliation and decreased renewal in trauma patients and indicates the timing and value of prophylactic treatment. PMID- 1108690 TI - [In memory of B.G. Saiadian]. PMID- 1108691 TI - [In memory of S.B. Rafal'kes]. PMID- 1108692 TI - The humanist as physician. Reflections on the centenary of Albert Schweitzer's birth. PMID- 1108693 TI - Lister on chloroform. AB - The attitude of Joseph Lister (1827-1912) to chloroform is considered with particular reference to contemporary methods of administration and the effect of the agent on cardiac and respiratory function. PMID- 1108694 TI - Prevention of headache consequent upon dural puncture in obstetric patient. AB - Three consecutive groups of 50 obstetric patients received spinal anaesthesia. The control group received no prophylactic treatment for spinal headache, the second group were treated by the epidural injection of 20-25 ml of normal saline and the third group were treated by abdominal binder. There was no statistically significant difference between the two forms of treatment but the results show that the incidence of post spinal puncture headache can be significantly reduced by applying either of them. PMID- 1108695 TI - Topical cocaine and general anaesthesia: an investigation of the efficacy and side effects of cocaine on the nasal mucosae. AB - A double-blind investigation has been carried out using three different doses (20, 35 and 50 mg) of cocaine which were sprayed onto the nasal mucous membranes of forty-five patients for nasal surgery. The cocaine was administered after induction of general anaesthesia in all cases. The 20 mg dose of cocaine dissolved in 2 ml of saline without adrenaline was found to be safe and produced adequate nasal decongestion in the absence of other predominant factors. The efficacy of cocaine and its safety with regard to systemic absorption are assessed. PMID- 1108696 TI - Errors in pneumotachography with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. AB - Instrument errors that can occur when pneumotachography is used during Intermittedt Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) have been described previously (Kafer 1973). Our efforts to eliminate these errors led to the discovery of further inaccuracies, which appear to be due to the design of the differential pressure transducers used with pneumotachograph head. A system was used in which a sine-wave pump delivered a constant tidal volume to a dummy lung, the tidal volume being measured by means of a pneumotachograph. Using Grass, Statham and Devices differential pressure transducers, the volume recorded as leaving the dummy lung was consistently greater than that recorded as entering, and changing the pneumatic polarity of the differential pressure transducer produced large differences in the recorded volume. In some cases the error was greater than the volume being measured. There would seem to be several causes of such errors. The Sanborn 270 differential pressure transducer and the Greer micromanometer appeared to be free of these artifacts. The results of this study throw into doubt much previously published work using pneumotachography during IPPV. PMID- 1108697 TI - The peri-operative measurement of cardiac output in infancy by the thermodilution technique. AB - Cardiac output has been measured in infants by thermodilution during and after surgery. A method employing commerically available equipment has been developed. An animal model has been devised whereby right heart outputs of 210 ml to 2240 ml, measured by thermodilution, could be compared with left heart outputs measured by an aortic by-pass. The results of this study suggest that thermodilution is a simple, accurate method for measurement of cardiac output in infancy. PMID- 1108698 TI - The Geoffrey Kaye museum collection of portable ether inhalers. AB - A collection of twenty nine portable "hold in hand" ether inhalers is housed in the Geoffrey Kaye Museum. These inhalers are briefly described together with some historical notes. PMID- 1108699 TI - An assay system for localisation of pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity on polyacrylamide gels and its application to detection of these enzymes in tissue and cell extracts. PMID- 1108700 TI - The resolution of pyrimidine bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1108701 TI - Storage of cell lysates for subsequent DNA analysis by the McGrath and Williams technique. PMID- 1108702 TI - Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and lysergic acid diethylamide: comparative changes in the supraoptic and paraventricular neurosecretory activities in rat hypothalamus. AB - Acute delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC) administration (50 mg/kg, i.p.) produced accumulation of stainable neurosecretory materials (NSM) in the neural lobe (NL) region with a concomitant dispersion of stainable NSM in the neuronal perikarya of hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regions. Chronic treatment with delta-9-THC (10 mg/kg, 15 days) produced marked accumulation of NSM in the NL with more prominent degranulation of the neuronal perikarya of SON and PVN. Acute LSD treatment (50 mug/kg) caused accumulation of stainable NSM in the NL region, with unaltered perikaryal distribution pattern of both SON and PVN; chronic LSD treatment (10 mug/kg, 15 days), on the other hand, caused marked increase of NSM in the neuronal perikarya of SON and PVN with no prominent accumulation in the NL. Results indicated that chronic exposure of delta-9-THC lowered the functional activity of SON and PVN neurons while chronic LSD treatment stimulated the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal neurosecretory system of rats. PMID- 1108703 TI - Successful use of a reduced dose of protamine after cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The dose of protamine necessary to reverse heparin was examined in 60 patients. Half the patients (controls) received a reversal dose of protamine equal to the entire amount of heparin given them, while half received a reversal dose based on a heparin half-life of 2 hours. Postoperative chest drainage for the first 12 hours and for 48 hours was markedly reduced in patients given the reduced dose of protamine. Platelet counts were higher and postoperative clotting studies varied less from control in patients receiving the smaller dose of protamine. The authors suggest reevaluation of the dose of protamine necessary to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin in patients for cardiopulmonary bypass, since larger doses protamine may contribute to the conditions which increase postoperative bleeding. PMID- 1108704 TI - Letter: Intermittent mandatory ventilation. PMID- 1108705 TI - Anesthesia for transcervical thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. AB - This review of anesthetic experience in 100 cases of transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) at The Mount Sinai Hospital (1970-1974) underlines current trends in the surgical management at Mount Sinai, where transcervical thymectomy is the procedure of choice for all patients with nonthymomatous MG and for selected patients with thymomatous MG. The transthoracic approach is now limited to malignant thymomas and tumors not accessible through the transcervical approach. Formerly, patients coming for thymectomy either already had a preexisting tracheostomy, or an elective tracheostomy was performed at the time of thymectomy. Since 1972, none of these patients has had elective tracheostomy at the time of operation, and only four were performed in the postoperative period, patients being intubated orotracheally at the time of operation. The tube is usually removed within 1 hour after completion of thymectomy. All patients are followed in the intensive care unit for 24 hours or longer, under close supervision of experienced personnel aware of the inherent problems and able to assist ventilation at any stage. This approach has greatly changed the postoperative course of this disease. PMID- 1108706 TI - Hemodynamic effects of isoflurane and halothane in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - In 12 patients undergoing saphenous vein coronary artery bypass operations, cardiovascular hemodynamics were studied in the awake state (control) and during anesthesia with isoflurane (inspired concentration, 1.24%, 7 patients) or with halothane (inspired concentration, 0.77%, 5 patients). Isoflurane anesthesia was accompanied by decreases of 19% in the cardiac index (Q), 19% in mean arterial pressure (AP), and 16% in heart rate (HR). Only the change in AP was statistically significant. Halothane anesthesia was accompanied by decreases in Q (28%), AP (22%), and HR (10%). The changes in Q and AP were significant. HR did not change significantly following the induction of anesthesia with either agent. The decrease in AP was similar with both agents, and, in this regard, neither agent was clearly superior for patients with occlusive coronary artery disease. PMID- 1108707 TI - Changes in airway resistance following droperidol, hydroxyzine, and diazepam in normal volunteers. AB - The effects of droperidol, hydroxyzine, and diazepam on airway resistance (AR), functional residual capacity (FRC), and thoracic gas volume (TGV) were compared, using a CPI model-2000 body plethysmograph. Significant decreases in AR were seen following droperidol and hydroxyzine at all time intervals. A significant increase in AR also was noted 90 minutes after diazepam injection. FRC significantly decreased at 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes following droperidol, and at 90 minutes following hydroxyzine, while no change was seen following diazepam. No significant changes in TGV were seen following administration of any of the drugs. PMID- 1108708 TI - Effect of position (semirecumbent versus supine) on postoperative oxygenation in markedly obese subjects. AB - In 22 markedly obese, otherwise healthy, women studied postoperatively on each of days 1 through 3 after intra-abdominal operation, the effect of position change on arterial oxygenation was assessed. There was a statistically significant decrease in PaO2, an increase in A-aDO2 and a simultaneous modest reduction in PaCO2 with the assumption of the supine position on postoperative days 1 and 2, but not positional difference demonstrable in any studied variable by day 3. This report suggests that during the first 48 hours after abdominal surgery in obese patients, assumption and maintenance of the semirecumbent posture is a valuable therapeutic modality to improve arterial oxygenation. PMID- 1108709 TI - A regional anesthetic approach for renal transplantation. AB - After consideration of surgical demands and patient condition, regional anesthesia is preferred for renal transplantation at the University of Rochester Medical Center. Of 75 consecutive cases, 64 were successfully managed with single high-dose spinal anesthesia (10 to 20 mg tetracaine, mean 16.5 mg). The technic avoids untoward effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs, iatrogenic pulmonary infection from anesthetic equipment, and problems with potent general and anesthetics. Patients are made comfortable by judicious low-dose sedation. Cardiovascular instability and blood loss are not troublesome. There have been no permanent neurologic sequelae or postspinal headaches. The authors believe this technic produces minimal biochemical and physiologic derangement for renal transplantation in the patient with chronic renal failure. PMID- 1108710 TI - Rapid anesthesia induction in combat casualties with full stomachs. AB - A series of 50 combat-injured patients given crash intubation for rapid induction of anesthesia is presented. The technic consisted of injection of 3 mg of d tubocurarine and 0.4 mg of atropine IV, preoxygenation by face mask for 3 minutes, and then injection of sodium thiopental or ketamine, followed immediately by 60 to 80 mg of succinylcholine IV. Intubation was performed with a cuffed tube after cessation of spontaneous respirations and relaxation of the jaw. In the entire series there was no vomiting or aspiration on induction. Thirty-six patients were induced with thiopental and 14 with ketamine. Three patients given thiopental and 2 given ketamine had a fall in blood pressure to below 100 torr systolic. The average BP change was in a positive direction with both agents. PMID- 1108711 TI - N2O volumes absorbed and excreted during N2O anesthesia in children. AB - Exhaled volumes were measured in 8 children during uptake and elimination of 3 percent and 75 percent N2O, using a volume-controlled ventilator. Absorption of 75 percent N2O during induction reduced the exhaled minute volume, which fell a mean of 16 percent in the 1st or 2nd minute and returned to normal by 15 to 20 minutes. Elimination was the mirror image of uptake; the mean increase in the exhaled minute volume was 13 percent. The concentration effect during uptake was measured (3 percent versus 75 percent N2O) and the data were used to calculate a fall in alveolar volume of at least 8 percent by the 2nd minute of uptake. The type of ventilation (volume-limited, pressure-limited, or spontaneous) was seen to have a modifying role on the respiratory pattern caused by the absorbed and excreted volume of N2O. PMID- 1108712 TI - Allergy of the nervous system: a review. AB - Allergies of the nervous system cause diverse behavioral disturbances, including headaches, convulsions, learning disabilities, schizophrenia and depression. Some of the biological mechanisms have been established by research; others remain to be explored. Effective diagnosis and treatment include the elimination diet, followed by dietary rotation and avoidance of offending substances. PMID- 1108713 TI - [Natural history of molecular pathology]. AB - The author recalls the main stages of biosynthesis of proteins based on molecular pathology : transcription of DNA into messenger RNA, the genetic code, translation of protein molecules and regulation of their synthesis. Examples are then given of qualitative and quantitative disturbances. Qualitative disturbances with synthesis of abnormal proteins, or protein diseases of protein structure, together with their consequences. Quantitative disorders, with modified synthesis of normal proteins, result very often from abnormalities of structural genes, but also from abnormalities of transcription or translation. The author considers, in conclusion, pathological situations based on molecular abnormalities for mutations occur at random and it may be possible to correct them by genetic manipulation. PMID- 1108714 TI - [Study of the transferable factors of antibiotic resistance in the enterobacteria isolated at the Regional Hospital Center of Nantes]. AB - Characteristics of transferable resistance of 72 entero-bacteriaceae resistant to one more antibiotic, isolated from February to September 1972, showed that this was common. Multi-resistant strains permit one to obtain transfer of various characteristics either alone or together in 76 per cent of cases, whereas strains with less than three characteristics, transferred in only 9 per cent of cases. The transfers were uncommon in the case of Proteus compared with other enterobacteriaceae and, in particular, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Salmonella. PMID- 1108715 TI - Pathogenesis of edema disease in swine: pathologic effects of hemolysin, autolysate, and endotoxin of Escherichia coli (O141). AB - Hemolysin, cell-free autolysate, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prepared from Escherichia coli (O141) were parenterally administered to 113 weaned pigs. Both the hemolysin and the cell-free autolysate were crude preparations which probably contained several biologically active substances. Pigs in all groups which die less than 72 hours after injection had similar gross and microscopic lesions. The pigs which survived (chronically affected pigs) were killed 3 to 12 days after injection. Of the pigs that lived more than 72 hours after injection, those given hemolysin and autolysate had generalized vascular myolysis and fibrinoid necrosis, whereas those given LPS had morphologically normal blood vessels. The vascular changes produced by hemolysin and autolysates of E coli (O141) were the same as the histologic angiopathy of naturally occurring edema disease of pigs. The LPS produced acute lesions of endotoxin shock in the pigs, but did not produce the angiopathy characteristic of edema disease. Typical clinical signs of naturally occurring edema disease were not a consistent observation in any of the treatment groups. PMID- 1108716 TI - Separation from whey of three growth factors for Streptococcus agalactiae. AB - Wheys of milk and colostrum were treated with ethanol and the concentrated supernatant fluids were subjected to chromatographic procedures (anion exchange resin, using distilled water as eluent). The fractions were tested for capabilities to stimulate the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae in a mixture (1:32) of pasteurized milk and steamed milk. Three stimulatory factors (F), designated F-1, F-2, and F-3, were separated; F-1 was nonionic, and F-2 and F-3 were cationic. A mixture containing any 2 factors gave greater stimulation than either factor tested alone, and a mixture of all 3 gave the greatest stimulation. The F-2 activity was attributed to cystine. PMID- 1108717 TI - Interview with a 'Grand Dame' (Dame Muriel Powell). PMID- 1108718 TI - The origin and influence of airborne particulates. PMID- 1108719 TI - Hydrogen, balloons, and pressures. PMID- 1108720 TI - The effect of terbutaline in exercise-induced asthma. AB - A double blind study of 5 asthmatic subjects in remission demonstrated that the severity of bronchoconstriction after exercise was decreased by a single oral dose of 5 mg of terbutaline. The effect lasted for at least 6 hours and was significantly better than the protection afforded by 20 mg of metaproterenol, which was itself more effective than a placebo. In these doses, neither terbutaline nor metaproterenol affected heart rate or blood pressure at rest or in exercise, and no drug-induced side effects were found. PMID- 1108721 TI - Retrospectroscope. What makes the sky blue? PMID- 1108722 TI - Kidney transplantation using cadaveric kidney having three separate renal arteries. PMID- 1108723 TI - Acute torsion of the gallbladder: review of the literature and report of a case. AB - A case report is presented, and the literature reviewed, of acute torsion of the gallbladder. Originally described as a rare pathological entity, it is being witnessed more frequently as a probable concomitant of increasing life expectancy. Because it is a benign condition if diagnosed rapidly and treated surgically, it should be considered in differential diagnostic possibilities. When encountered intraoperatively, prompt recognition of the process should lead to detorsion of the organ and cholecystectomy as the procedure of choice. PMID- 1108724 TI - Current status of lumbar sympathectomy. AB - A review of a recent series of lumbar sympathectomies would appear to support the continued use of the procedure in the treatment of selected patients with localized pre-gangrenous lesions or superficial ischemic ulcerations in whom arterial reconstructive operation is not feasible. A conclusion regarding the use of the procedure in conjunction with bypass grafting or thromboendarterectomy cannot be made. Indications for the treatment of nonatherosclerotic disease are briefly mentioned. Nevertheless, the morbidity and mortality from the operation itself is significant and suggests that its use as a temporizing measure in highly doubtful cases is not warranted. PMID- 1108725 TI - Surgical therapy for bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 1108726 TI - [Concept of involutional melancholia. Historical study]. PMID- 1108727 TI - James Reilly (1887-1974). PMID- 1108728 TI - Sythesis and turnover of phospholipids in Escherichia coli cells with inhibited DNA synthesis. AB - The relative amounts of individual phospholipids are not greatly affected in E. coli B cells inhibited with mitomycin C, nalidixic acid or hydroxyurea. Turnover and synthesis of phospholipids continue in the first 40 minute period of treatment with nalidixic acid and then cease. Arrest of phospholipid synthesis is not coupled with protein synthesis since beta-galactosidase is still induced after cessation of phospholipid metabolism. The cells, washed free of drug, resume growth as well as synthesis and turnover of phospholipids. During the lag phase preceding the renewal of cell division, a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol content and an increase in cardiolipin content are observed. The ratio of these phospholipids is then comparable with that found in normal non-dividing cells. We suggest that the variation in the relative contents of cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol might be related to the cell division process. PMID- 1108729 TI - [Study of morphological mutants of "Saccharomyces Cerevisiae" Hansen, by immunofluorescence (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108730 TI - [Studies on haemolysins of "enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)]. AB - Haemolysin production of 1,103 strains of Enterobacteriaceae was investigated on trypticase soja agar containing washed horse erythrocytes. Nearly all haemolytic strains belonged to the genus Escherichia (103 haemolytic strains out of 349 examined). The 3 remaining haemolytic strains belonged to the genus Serratia (of which 244 strains were examined). Plasmidic determinism of haemolysis was demonstrated for six of the Hly+ E. coli strains, and these plasmids were transferred to E. coli K12, Salmonella typhia and S. typhi-murium. Investigations about coexistence of four of these plasmids with "metabolic" plasmids and with representatives of the plasmids compatibility groups presently known, showed that two of these plasmids were fi+ and belonged to the FIII group, and that two other were fi- and related to the I2 group. Thus, different plasmids can determine haemolysin-production in E. coli strains. PMID- 1108731 TI - [Shigella in seawater and in an estuary. III. Determination in vitro of the survival time of S. sonnei YCD in seawater]. PMID- 1108732 TI - [Sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic yeasts to 5-fluoropyrimidines. I.- Relation between the phenotypes of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine, the serotype of Candida albicans and the ecology of various species of Candida of human origin (author's transl)]. AB - The sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5 fluorouridine (5-FUri) of 583 strains of C. albicans of human origin shows a relationship between their ecology, their serotype and their sensitivity to 5-FC. The incidence of the primary resistant strains isolated from patients with systemic candidiasis is of 4%, and 88.8% of the resistant strains belong to serotype B. In a closed community of premature infants the only resistant isolate amongst 78 strains recovered during hospitalization also belong to the B serotype and was introduced from outside. African strains of vaginal origin showed a higher incidence (21.6%) of resistance than did the european strains (4.5%) and this resistance was related to the B serotype predominant in the African environment. This raises the problem of the structure of the cell wall in connection with the active sites, the antigenic determinants and the enzymatic equipment. PMID- 1108733 TI - [Rabies anti-glycoprotein IgG conjugated with peroxidase and fluorescein isothiocyanate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108734 TI - Diagnosis and management of orbital aspergillosis. PMID- 1108735 TI - Therapeutic use of inducers of interferon on Herpes simplex keratitis in humans. AB - The double-stranded RNA interferon inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (In Cn) was used to treat acute dendritic keratitis in man in a double-blind manner with IDU. The success rate for this agent was similar to IDU and was found efficacious in cases not responsive to IDU. Prophylaxis with In-Cn did not prevent recurrences of epithelial herpes, but such recurrences were responsive to IDU or In-Cn. PMID- 1108736 TI - The effect of 10-0 running nylon versus 8-0 silk on the healing of corneal gragts. AB - A previously reported well standardized tensile strength model in rabbits was sued in order to answer whether or not monofilament nylon does in fact delay corneal wound healing in general, and in particular, in corneal grafts. The tensile strength of penetrating keratoplasty wounds closed with either 10-0 running monofilament nylon or 8-0 interrupted black silk was measured in rabbits. The tensile strength of wounds closed with either suture was comparable in all groups. The advantages of 10-0 nylon in corneal transplantation and cataract extraction was presented. In addition, the assumption that the tensile strength of linear central wounds parallels that of a circular trephine wound was proven to be correct. PMID- 1108737 TI - Corneal chromomycosis: double infection by Phialophora verrucosa (Medlar) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (Frescenius). AB - Phialophora verrucosa and Cladosporium cladosporioides were isolated from a corneal ulcer. The lesion had been previously treated with antivirals and steroids and did not respond to Pimaricin therapy or conjunctival flap. A penetrating keratoplasty was performed with good functional and optical results. Chromomycosis of the cornea is an unusual infection. This is the second case of Phialophora in Florida and the first case of Cladosporium infection. PMID- 1108738 TI - [Reconstruction of the vocal cord using a skin graft. Preliminary note]. PMID- 1108739 TI - Observations on a trypanosomatid flagellate in a flea, Peromyscopsylla silvatica spectabilis. AB - The method of attachment of a trypanosomatid parasite to the cuticular epithelium of the hindgut of a flea Peromyscopsylla silvatica spectabilis by a desmosome like structure is described; the flagella are modified and have enlarged intraflagellar areas which occupy the whole surface area of the gut, including clefts and folds of the epithelium. Unusual features of the parasite itself include a very much reduced flagellar pocket and pellicular microtubules which are made up of doublets and triplets. The problems of differentiation and characterisation of monogenetic insect flagellates are discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 1108740 TI - Norman Capener, the man. PMID- 1108741 TI - Norman Capener, the surgeon. PMID- 1108742 TI - Norman Capener and the Medical Commission on Accident Prevention. PMID- 1108743 TI - Norman Capener, his interests outside surgery. PMID- 1108744 TI - Importance of nasal lesions in early lepromatous leprosy. AB - There are some 20 million people in the world with leprosy. In the lepromatous form of the illness the nose becomes infected very early in the disease process. The nasal discharge which occurs is heavily bacillated and is the most potent source of exit of Mycobacterium leprae from the body. The necessity for early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy in the absence of an effective vaccine is discussed and the pathological changes that occur in the nose are outlined. The roles which the leprologist and the rhinologist are able to play are mentioned. PMID- 1108745 TI - Letters from the past: from John Hunter to Edward Jenner. PMID- 1108746 TI - [Contribution of data processing to radiodiagnosis: axial tomography in conjunction with a computer]. PMID- 1108747 TI - [Severe burns of the dorsum of the hand. Part 2. Reconstruction of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th web space areas. The modified five-flap technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 1108748 TI - Treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence with heterologous bone implant. AB - A description is given of an improvised method used in the treatment of post prostatectomy urinary incontinence in a case in which a Kaufman 2 procedure had failed. At the second-operation, Kieler spongiosa bone packaged in a dacron net was used to support the bulbous urethra. PMID- 1108749 TI - [Maurice Lisbonne]. PMID- 1108750 TI - [Radio-anatomic study of the delto-pectoral flap]. PMID- 1108751 TI - [Use of the flag shaped flap to cover losses of substance of the third phalanx]. PMID- 1108753 TI - Future of diagnostic radiology. PMID- 1108752 TI - [Aspects of cutaneous plastic surgery in the tropics]. PMID- 1108754 TI - Loperamide in the symptomatic control of chronic diarrhoea. Double-blind placebo controlled study. AB - Fifteen patients (20-66 years) with persistent diarrhoea of varying aetiology were selected for an open trial of loperamide 2 mg capsules. The optimal daily dose for substantial reduction of the diarrhoea ranged from two to seven capsules. Eleven patients showed a significant improvement in stool consistency, a highly significant decrease in stool frequency and a decrease of abdominal cramps. One ileostomy patient with abundant ileostomy output and intermittent leaking of the ileosotmy appliance at night experienced a substantial reduction of the stoma output with virtual disappearance of soiling accidents as night. Loperamide appeared to be ineffective in two patients with cholerrhoeic diarrhoea; in one patient with laxative-induced diarrhoea and in one patient with probable nervous diarrhoea. The eleven successfully treated patients then entered a doubleblind placebo-controlled trial for ten days or util relaps, the daily dose being indentical to the optimal one previously determined in the open phase of the study. The investigator was able to guess the code correctly in ten out of eleven cases. The drug was well tolerated. Because of its considerable efficacy and low side-effect liability, loperamide has to be considered a promising drug in the treatment of chronic diarrhoea. PMID- 1108755 TI - Quantitative antibiotic susceptibility testing: Haemophilus influenzae type B. AB - Twelve strains of Haemophilus influenzae were tested for susceptibility to gentamicin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cephalothin using two methods, agar dilution and microdilution (broth). Although inocula and incubation conditions were standardized, significant differences in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were seen as a result of growth media. Method dependent differences were also observed for some antibiotics. Notwithstanding such variation, high level resistance of H. influenzae to ampicillin was readily detected by either broth or agar dilution tests. PMID- 1108756 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: a review; 1963-1975. AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency originally was recognized as a biochemical abnormality in patients with pulmonary emphysema. Studies of the protein nature of A1AT during attempts to help explain the disease, led to the recognition of a protein polymorphism which expressed itself in several different phenotypes. As investigative work progressed, the spectrum of diseases associated with a deficiency of A1AT increased. Methods for determination of quantitative levels have been developed but these have proved lacking for the discrimination of the various phenotypes, for which specialized testing is necessary. Of the clinical states associated with deficiencies of A1AT, pulmonary emphysema and hepatic disease are the best defined. Pathogenetic implications, however, remain elusive. As a consequence, preventive aspects are debatable and the usefulness of the determination of A1AT levels as screening measures is controversial. PMID- 1108757 TI - [Use of immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of bullous diseases, lupus erythematosus, and other skin diseases. Cooperative study]. PMID- 1108758 TI - [Proceedings: Infantile familial bullous recurrent dermatitis with eyelid, lip, and genital localizations and otorrhagia, and fatal course: hetero-provoked pathomimia]. PMID- 1108759 TI - Electron microscopic alteration of synaptic vesicles after alpha-methyl-p tyrosine administration in sympathetic nerve terminals demonstrated by potassium permanganate fixation. PMID- 1108760 TI - Biochemical genetics of insecticide resistance. PMID- 1108761 TI - Control of chromosome inactivation. PMID- 1108762 TI - Arabidopsis as a genetic tool. PMID- 1108763 TI - Some aspects of recombination in eukaryotic organisms. PMID- 1108764 TI - Mutation and enzyme function in humans. PMID- 1108765 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum: biochemical and genetic characteristics. PMID- 1108766 TI - Molecular and genetic recombination of bacteriophage T4. AB - Most genetic characteristics of T4 recombination (the effects of chromosomal termini on recombination, heterozygosity, high negative interference, base mismatch repair, polarized segregation, and the stimulation or depression of recombination in response to phage mutations or external perturbations) can be expressed adequately in terms of our present understanding of the molecular events of T4 infection cycles. T4 DNA replication begins and ends with linear chromosomes and does not require a circular intermediate. Replication is bi directional, possibly from multiple origins. Two phases of replication are distinguishable: (a) an early mode during which about 20 progeny copies of infecting chromosomes are made prior to (b) a recombination-dependent mode during which progeny molecules associate to form covalently joined linear concatemers. Further replication is generally arrested if concatemerization is prevented. T4 DNA recombination depends on the production of single-stranded gaps and termini. If replication is inhibited, the single-stranded regions are produced by deoxyribonuclease activities. In contrast, during partial replication of damaged chromosomes, during slow replication when enzymes or subtrates are limited, and during normal replication, they are formed by strand-displacement DNA polymerization. As a rule, any agents or perturbations that cause an accumulation of single-stranded regions stimulate recombination, whereas efficient repair of such regions depresses it. Both the preservation and pairing of single-stranded regions are facilitated by the gene-32 single-stranded DNA binding protein. Covalent repair of strand interruptions between recombined DNA segments requires polymerases or nucleases as well as ligases. PMID- 1108767 TI - Redundant genes. PMID- 1108768 TI - Genetic aspects of intelligence. PMID- 1108769 TI - Parasexual approaches to the genetics of man. PMID- 1108770 TI - Synaptonemal complex and chromosome structure. PMID- 1108771 TI - [Action of hygromycin B on the producers of levorin and mycoheptin]. AB - The effect of hygromycin B on survival and variation of the levorin and mycoheptinproducing organisms, i.e. Act levoris, strains 28 and PR-52/67 and streptoverticcium mycoheptincium, strain 44B/I was studied. When added to the agarized medium, hygromycin B had a lethal effect on the above strains. The lethal effect increased with an increase in the concentration from 2.5 80 Units/ml. High modification variation of the colony morphology was observed on media with hygromycin B. At the same time hygromycin B induced morphological and hygromycin-resistant mutants. The variation of the property of the antibiotic production in the above cultures increased under the effect of hygromycinB. The maximum rate of the plus variants was observed at high lethal effects of hygromycin B, when the survival rate of the spores was 10(-3) and 10(-4). An individual reaction of the cultures to hygromycin B was found. Formation of the mutation of resistance to the specific phage in the genome of strain PR of the levorin-producing organism increased its sensitivity to hygromycin and variation of the colony morphology and the property of the antibiotic production. PMID- 1108772 TI - [Transmissivity of the various R factors found among E. coli cultures circulating under natural conditions]. AB - Transmissivity of drug resistance in wild strains of E. coli was shown to be determined not only by the presence of the transmissive factor and r-determinants in the microbial cell, but also by the functional activity of the R-factor. The capacity of the R-factor for transmission depended to a certain extent on the number of the r-determinants in the R-factor and the presence of various r determinants in the R-factor. PMID- 1108773 TI - [Suppression of the conjugational transfer of derepressed R factors by the dye, metachrome yellow]. AB - Metachrome yellow widely used for preparation of nutrient media was tested with respect to its effect on conjugation of R-transfer. The standardized kinetic system described by the authors earlier was used. It was shown that metachrome yellow had a pronounced inhibitory effect on conjugation transfer of depressive R factors RI drd and R 64 drd. The effect was markedly pronounced even in the presence of 100 gamma/ml of metachrome yellow, the concentration which was practically not bacteriostatic as it was shown in the analysis of the microbial growth curve in the presence of 100, 200 and 400 gamma/ml of the dye. The inhibition coefficients for 100 gamma/ml of metachrome yellow in the experiments with the donor of E. coli J 53 (R1 drd) were 11.8 and 12.1 times at 1-hour cultivation and t leads to infinity respectively, while in the experiments with the donor of E. coli J53 (R 64 drd) the respective values were 9.1 and 11.1. It was found that metachrome yellow induced no elimination of R-factors at low concentrations, such as 100 and 200 gamma/ml, which was indicative of the fact that the inhibitory effect on R-transfer was not connected with elimination of R factors. It was also shown that preliminary cultivation of the donor in the presence of 100 and 400 gamma/ml of the dye did not induce any decrease in its donor competence which did not confirm the assumption of the inhibitory effect of metachrome yellow on synthesis of sex-pilei. PMID- 1108774 TI - [Prodigiosin in the overall therapy of dysentery and in the prevention of intrahospital viral respiratory infection in children]. AB - Prodigiozan was tested in complex therapy of children with acute dysentery. Comparison of clinical symptoms, specific immunogenesis and child sanation periods from Shigella in the child groups treated (80) and non-treated (74) with prodigiozan showed that prodigiozan lowered the rate of intrahospital acute respiratory virus infection, provided more favourable dysentery progression, more tensed specific immunity and the patient clearance from Shigella. PMID- 1108775 TI - Human therapeutic and agricultural uses of antibacterial drugs and resistance of the enteric flora of humans. AB - Fecal samples were collected from five groups of people differing in the manner of their exposure to antibacterial drugs. The groups included: (i) people working on farms who were continuously in contact with the predominantly resistant florae of farm animals receiving rations containing antibacterial drugs, (ii) people residing on the same farms with no direct exposure to the farm animals, (iii) people treated with antibacterial drugs, (iv) untreated people residing with treated individuals, and (v) untreated people with no exposure to farm animals or treated individuals. The samples were examined by quantitative plating for proportions of antibiotic-resistant, gram-negative enteric organisms. Individual isolates were also examined for their susceptibility to 11 different antibacterial drugs. The results indicate that enteric florae unexposed directly to the selective effects of antibacterial drugs may be affected by contact with predominantly resistant florae directly exposed to antibacterial drugs. PMID- 1108776 TI - Minimal inhibitory concentration of dapsone for Mycobacterium leprae in rats. AB - To define the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dapsone (DDS) for Mycobacterium leprae in rats, we determined the relationship between dietary and plasma levels of DDS in uninfected male and female Lewis rats. This knowledge was applied to the design of experiments using rats inoculated in the footpads with M. leprae. The MIC for DDS in male and female rats, respectively, was 1.5 to 4.0 ng and 1.8 to 3.0 ng of DDS/ml of plasma, even though the sexes exhibited markedly different concentrations of DDS when receiving the same dietary level of DDS. These values for the MIC of DDS for M. leprae in rats are nearly identical to the previously determined MIC of DDS for M. leprae in mice. PMID- 1108777 TI - Multiplicity reactivation of 5-iodouracil-substituted, nonviable bacteriophage T4td8. AB - Nonviable, 5-iodouracil (IUra)-substituted bacteriophage T4td8 can be multiplicity reactivated. The data indicate that two nonviable, IUra-substituted T4td8 phage can complement each other intracellularly to produce viable progeny. Phage particles in lysates of T4td8-infected Escherichia coli BT(-), prepared in the presence of varying mole fractions of IUra plus thymine, were examined by infecting with low and high dilutions of lysate. The yields of multiplicity reactivable particles were identical, regardless of the mole fractions of IUra present in the growth media. However, the yields of viable phage, measured at low multiplicities of infection, decreased with increasing mole fraction of IUra. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the lethal effect of IUra is a consequence of its incorporation into DNA. Further, the IUra-induced lesion cannot involve genetic damage that shuts off expression at a single region of the genome. PMID- 1108778 TI - Treatment of respiratory Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in mice with aerosols of kanamycin. AB - Aerosols of kanamycin resulted in greater survival of mice challenged with respiratory Klebsiella pneumoniae than the same dosage given intramuscularly. Determinations of viable bacteria in the blood and lungs revealed that aerosolized kanamycin was most effective when infection was confined to the lungs. After the organisms had spread to other areas, however, aerosol therapy was still more effective than intramuscular therapy, but only one-half the infected mice survived. PMID- 1108779 TI - Inhibtory effect of colicin E2 on transport systems of Escherichia coli in the presence of the rex gene of lambda prophage. AB - Purified colicin E(2) was found to cause marked inhibition of the permeation rate of o-nitrophenyl-galactoside (ONPG) in several lambda-lysogenic strains of Escherichia coli in the presence of chloramphenicol to prevent prophage induction. The inhibitory effect of colicin E(2) on transport systems was analyzed with cells of E. coli CP78(lambda). The dose of colicin E(2) for the half-maximum inhibition of the ONPG-permeation rate was about 9 molecules of the colicin per bacterium under the aerobic condition, which corresponded to about 1 killing unit per bacterium. Kinetics of the transport of [(14)C]methylthiogalactoside suggested that colicin E(2) began to inhibit the influx rate of beta-galactosides within a few minutes after the colicin addition, and the maximum inhibition reached more than 80%. Extensive leakage of intracellular potassium ion and inhibition of l-proline transport also occurred at the same time. Acid solubilization of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid by the colicin was apparently delayed to the initiation of the transport inhibition. The extents of the inhibition of beta-galactoside transport and leakage of potassium ion by the colicin were extensive in cells lysogenic for wild lambda phage or lambdaind(-), whereas the extents were slight in the nonlysogenic cells or cells carrying lambdarex(-) prophage. It was concluded that the sensitization of membrane transport systems of E. coli cells to colicin E(2) was achieved by the presence of the rex gene product of lambda phage. PMID- 1108780 TI - Rifampin susceptibility of ribonucleic acid synthesis in a fragile Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant. AB - Ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in the sorbitol-dependent, fragile yeast mutant VY1160 (Venkov et al., 1974) is rapidly inhibited by rifampin. The growth of the mutant cells and protein synthesis are more slowly affected by the antibiotic, apparently as secondary phenomena. Lower doses of rifampin (50 to 100 mug/ml) preferentially inhibit ribosomal RNA synthesis in comparison to that of messenger RNA and transfer RNA. Transcription and translation of messenger RNA continues in the presence of low doses of rifampin, as evidenced by the unimpaired induction of alpha-glucosidase. Partially purified RNA polymerase II from this mutant, in contrast to that from the parental strain, is strongly inhibited by low concentrations (1 mug/ml) of rifampin, whereas RNA polymerase I from the two strains is similar in behavior. The mutant may be useful for the study of regulatory mechanisms of transcription in eukaryotes. PMID- 1108781 TI - Influence of subtherapeutic levels of oxytetracycline on Salmonella typhimurium in swine, alves, and chickens. AB - Subtherapeutic levels of oxytetracycline in animal feeds have been evaluated to determine their influence on the relative quantity, prevalence, shedding, and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella typhimurium in swine, calves, and chickens, when compared with nonmedicated controls. The medicated groups were fed rations containing oxytetracycline commencing 5 days prior to oral inoculation with S. typhimurium and continuing through a 28-day post-inoculation period. Colonization of S. typhimurium occurred in all three animal species as evidenced by clinical signs of infection and/or colony counts in feces measured on seven separate occasions over the 28-day observation period. The accumulated data demonstrate that the subtherapeutic use of oxytetracycline did not bring about any increases in the quantity, prevalence, or shedding of S. typhimurium in swine, calves, and chickens. In fact, the medication generally brought about a decrease in the percentage of animals carrying S. typhimurium during the study period. In contrast to results in swine and calves, there was a significant occurrence of S. typhimurium resistance to oxytetracycline in chickens. Resistant colonies were isolated from chickens sporadically but never on more than two consecutive test periods. These isolates were also resistant to streptomycin, but not to the other six antibiotics tested. The population of resistant S. typhimurium isolated from medicated chickens was no larger than that of susceptible S. typhimurium isolated from the nonmedicated animals. It is concluded that no evidence has been obtained which would relate the continuous low-level feeding of oxytetracycline for a 4-week period to an increased incidence of disease in animals or as a hazard to humans. PMID- 1108782 TI - Antimicrobial effect of simple lipids with different branches at the methyl end group. AB - Various fatty acids of branched nature possess fungistatic and bacteriostatic properties. Some of these, particularly those of iso-configuration, strongly enhance the effect of conventional antimicrobial agents that act inside the cell membrane. A relation between this biological effect and the collapse properties of the corresponding monomolecular surface film on water has been observed. In this work, a series of fatty acids with a slightly smaller end group than iso propyl, the omega-cyclopropane fatty acids, as well as one possessing a somewhat larger end group, the neo-branched fatty acids, have been examined. The omega cyclopropane fatty acids were found to be more fungistatic than the iso-acids studied earlier. Furthermore, both cyclopropane and neo-fatty acids of short chain lengths exhibited synergistic effects in combination with tetramethylthiuramdisulfide. PMID- 1108783 TI - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) and the discovery of bacteria. PMID- 1108784 TI - Growth, respiration and cytology of acetate-negative mutants of Candida albicans. AB - A number of acriflavine-induced mutants of Candida albicans, characterized by their inability to grow on acetate as a source of energy, were screened for their cytochrome absorption spectra. Three mutants with different spectra, along with their parent, were selected for comparative studies of their growth, respiratory activities and cellular structure. The spectrum of one of the mutants was the same as that of the wild-type, but the growth rate and yield of cells on glucose medium were only about 60% of the wild-type's; those of a second mutant deficient in cytochromes aa3 were 50%, and those of a third mutant deficient in cytochromes aa3 and b were less than 5% of those of the wild-type. The cytochrome-complete mutant and the wild-type showed respiratory activity both on glucose and ethanol well above the endogenous, the cytochrome aa3-deficient mutant showed only endogenous respiration, and the cytochrome aa3, b-deficient mutant no respiration at all. Electron microscopy of the wild-type cells revealed discrete, regular ovoidal, cristate mitochondria spaced near the periphery of the protoplasm; the cytochrome-complete mutant showed an abundance of large, cristate, but morphologically irregular mitochondria; the cytochrome aa3-deficient mutant had fewer but still large, cristate, somewhat irregular mitochondria; and the cytochrome aa3, b-deficient mutant only a few simple vesicles without discernible cristae. PMID- 1108785 TI - Proceedings: The plate count estimation and its significance. PMID- 1108786 TI - Proceedings: Resuscitation of sublethally impaired cells. PMID- 1108787 TI - Early surgery for electrical mouth burns. PMID- 1108788 TI - Effects of stereotactic lesions of the pulvinar and lateralis posterior nucleus on intractable pain and dyskinetic syndromes of man. AB - In a series of 18 patients suffering from intractable pain or different types of dyskinetic syndromes, 28 stereotactic lesions of the pulvinar, associated with six lesions of the laterlis posterior nucleus, have been performed. The evaluation of long-term results in intractable pain reduces the therapeutic benefit of the stereotactic pulvinolysis. Concerning dyskinetic syndromes, the pulvinar does not seem to play an important role in spasticity, while its role in other dyskinetic syndromes can be questionable. PMID- 1108790 TI - Survey of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery in the United States and Canada. AB - A survey of the number of neurosurgeons performing stereotactic and functional neurosurgery in the United States and Canada was conducted by questionnaire. Of the 637 respondents, 433 conducted either stereotactic or functional neurosurgery or both. The indications and number of stereotactic procedures done annually are presented. The number of neurosurgeons performing each of the various procedures is outlined, as well as the types of stereotactic apparatus and lesion employed. PMID- 1108789 TI - Determination of intracerebral structures using osseous reference points for computer-aided stereotactic operations. AB - Computer-aided sterotactic neurosurgery can be improved and simplified by using craniocerebral parameters for the calculation of subcortical target points and avoiding an air-filling of the ventricles. This was achieved by selecting 403 pneumo-encephalographic studies at random, measuring the craniocerebral parameters according to age and sex. There is a correlation between the bony cranium and the brain axis. We established a formula and a table to determine in the plain X-ray the entrance of the foramen of Monroi with a standard deviation of +/- 1.5 mm and the inclination of the intracerebral basic line we used (foramen Monroi-commissura posterior). With this information various subcortical targets can be determined by means of computer programs. PMID- 1108791 TI - A statisticl outline of the subthalamic target for the arrest of tremor. AB - In 60 cases operated on for the treatment of tremor, the insertion of an electrode that measured 1 mm in diameter produced complete arrest (40 cases) or significant decrease (20 cases) of the tremor on the contralateral side. The area where such effect was obtained was studied in AP and lateral radiograms. Using a method of standardization of the size of the thalamus and subthalamus, based on a proportional reucction of the length of the AC-PC line, the cases were found to cover a small area in the subthalamus. A statistical analysis of the position of the electrode tips at the moment the tremor was arrested was carried out in order to determine, with a high degree of probability, the area that includes the mean value of the target for the general population. This work allowed us to outline a small zone in the subthalamus as the target to be destroyed in future cases. The practical implications of the method are discussed and the possibility of reducing the size of the lesion is pointed out. PMID- 1108792 TI - Improved method of selection for mutants of Pseudomonas putida. AB - Optimum conditions for enrichment of mutants of Pseudomonas putida in liquid culture were established using a procedure which combines N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis with an improved D-cycloserine selection. PMID- 1108793 TI - Growth potential of Clostridium botulinum in fresh mushrooms packaged in semipermeable plastic film. AB - Fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were inoculated in the stem, gill, or cap with Clostridium botulinum spores. They were placed with uninoculated mushrooms in paper board trays, which were then covered and sealed in a polyvinyl chloride stretch film to simulate prepackaged mushrooms available at retail stores. When incubated at 20 C, botulinum toxin could be detected as early as day 3, or 4, when the mushrooms still appear edible. Mushrooms inoculated in the stem with 1,000 type A spores frequently became botulinogenic; higher spore levels were needed if gills or caps were inoculation sites. Type B spores were less apt to produce toxic mushrooms. Respiration of the fresh mushrooms used up O2 more rapidly than could enter through the semipermeable wrapping film, so that the equilibrium O2 concentration became low enough for growth of C. botulinum. Inoculated mushrooms did not become botulinogenic when held at 4 C. PMID- 1108794 TI - [Malacoplakia: anatomoclinical forms. Review of the literature, apropos of 15 personal cases]. PMID- 1108795 TI - [Attempt at a histogenetic classification of uterine cervix lesions]. PMID- 1108796 TI - Fabricius Hildanus (1560-1634) on postoperative complications. PMID- 1108797 TI - Spontaneous combustion. An odd chapter in the history of burns. PMID- 1108798 TI - [Transduction mechanisms by bacteriophage phi 80 of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 1108799 TI - Anthony C. Cipollaro, M.D. 1900-1975. PMID- 1108800 TI - Norman N. Epstein, MD. 1896-1975. PMID- 1108801 TI - Letter: Naproxen and psoriasis. PMID- 1108802 TI - The role of carrier in sensitivity to chromium and cobalt. AB - Patients suffering from contact dermatitis caused by chromium sensitivity showed positive reactions to intradermal tests with chromium and cobalt chlorides. Patch tests to cobalt in unaffected and in healed eczematous skin areas gave negative results. A large number of chromium-sensitive patients also showed a positive intradermal test reaction to cobalt bound to human serum albumin and a negative reaction to cobalt bound to rabbit liver glycogen. It has been suggested that these positive reactions to cobalt are secondary sensitivities to cobalt, caused by cobalt-denaturated human serum albumin that is so similar to the denaturated product of chromium cations that the competent cells cannot distinguish between them. PMID- 1108804 TI - Scabies simulating Darier disease in an immunosuppressed host. AB - A patient who had recently had renal transplant was on a maintenance regimen of azathioprine and prednisone. She developed a florid, scaling, papular eruption clinically identical to Darler disease. Biopsy specimens and skin scrapings, however, showed a scabietic infestation. We believe that this highly atypical presenation, which had several features found in Norwegian scabies, was due to muted inflammatory response that permitted a great proliferation of the mites. PMID- 1108803 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid. Intermediate and mixed forms. AB - Nine patients had clinical and histological features suggestive of both dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and bullous pemphigold (BP). Five patients responded to treatment with sulfapyridine or sulfones: in two the response was inconsistent, and the disease was controlled by combined treatment with prednisone; in one patient, there was no response to sulfapyridine or sulfones. Immunofluorescence studies showed IgA deposits in a linear homogeneous pattern at the basement membrane zone in all patients, and IgG was present in five. No circulating anti-basement membrane antibodies were detected by repeated immunofluorescence examinations. The authors conclude that the occasional overlapping of BP and DH should not lead to dropping the distinction between the two entities. For overlap cases that cannot be classified as BP or DH, the term "intermediate or mixed form of DH and BP" seems to be most suitable. PMID- 1108805 TI - Occurrence of bullous pemphigoid after furosemide therapy. AB - A 78-year-old woman with Parkinson disease developed tense bullous lesions on the chest, arms, and in the groin that were diagnosed as bullous pemphigoid. Histologic examination, as well as immunofluorescence tests, confirmed this diagnosis. The possibility of a drug-induced disease was considered because she was taking seven different medications. Furosemide (Lasix) was suspected primarily. Complete clearing occurred with prednisone therapy, but readministration of furosemide resulted in bulla formation. PMID- 1108806 TI - Dermatology in India. PMID- 1108807 TI - Phototherapy. PMID- 1108808 TI - Sex-related incidence in proteus infection of the urinary tract in childhood. AB - Over a 2-year period 80% of children found to have significant Proteus bacteriuria were boys. The organism was isolated from the prepuce in 30% of normal boys and 32% of those with balanitis. Proteus urinary tract infection should be carefully confirmed and proved cases thoroughly investigated. PMID- 1108809 TI - Proceedings: Scientific communications. PMID- 1108810 TI - [Defective polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in chronic granulomatous muco cutaneous candidiasis (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic granulomatous muco-cutaneous candidiasis is reported in a 12-year-old boy who died of pulmonal cryptococcosis. Chemotactic and phagocytic functions of the neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes were deficient while the cell mediated immunity was not disturbed and no decrease of immunoglobulins and complement factors--especially C3 and C5--was found in the serum. The possibility is considered that the disturbance of lymphocyte mediated immune response is the normal, but not only fundamental aetiological factor of chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis. PMID- 1108811 TI - Treatment of chronic renal failure by transplantation and dialysis: two decades of cooperation. AB - The overall transplant experience at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital which extends over twenty years has been reviewed; the course of all patients was updated to a followup of at least one year (through October 1973). A total of 388 patients received 427 renal isografts and allografts between March 1951 and October 1972. Of these, 58% were still alive at the end of the followup period, 50% with a functioning graft. The results of patient and allograft survival early (1959-1968) and later (1968-1973) in the experience have been compared. The significant decline in patient mortality, especially among recipients of cadaver allografts, demonstrates improved treatment of complications and increased availability of dialysis. The improvement of allograft function during the two time periods is less striking but still significant. Overall social and work rehabilitation following transplantation was evaluated in 284 patients, 86% of whom became at least as well adjusted as they had been prior to the development of renal failure. The incidence and individual causes for mortality and complications of transplantation have been compared to results from the National Dialysis Registry, figures comparable to those of the dialysis program at this institution. Transplantation and dialysis must be used conjointly and in a complimentary manner as part of the total treatment for those with end-stage renal failure. PMID- 1108812 TI - Heidenhain pouch distension as a stimulus for acid and pepsin secretion. AB - Heidenhain pouches, in dogs with simple gastric fistulae, were distended with saline (30, 60 and 90 ml). Pouch acid and pepsin increased linearly with increasing saline volume. Additional pentagastrin augmented the acid but antagonized the pepsin responses. Atropine depressed both the acid and pepsin responses to distention. Ganglionic blockade and local anesthetization of the secretory mucosa also depressed the acid but spared the pepsin response. PMID- 1108813 TI - Cardiac output measurement by thermal dilution: reproducibility and comparison with the dye-dilution technique. AB - Cardiac output estimates by the principle of thermodilution (COth) was compared with dye-dilution estimates (COdye) in pigs. For COth estimates a Swan-Ganz 7 F floating thermodilution catheter and a 9500 Edwards Computer, were used. The COdye estimates were obtained by the apparatus constructed by Zijlstra and Mook. The effect of the thermistor position in the pulmonary artery on the COth estimates was also investigated. The reproducibility of COth was examined by duplicate determinations. Based on 101 simultaneous estimates of COth and COdye the correlation was found COth = 1.020 COdye + 0.2378, r = 0.971 for cardiac outputs between 0.65 l/min and 11 l/min. For 111 duplicate determinations of COth between 2 and 9 l/min the coefficient of variation was 4.74%. The thermistor position in the pulmonary artery had no influence on the COth estimates provided an undamped pressure curve could be monitored from the tip of the catheter. Cardiac output can thus be measured rapidly with good accuracy also for low values by means of a blindly inserted thermistor catheter positioned without x ray control and a computer with digital display. PMID- 1108814 TI - Acute colitis in the renal allograft recipient. AB - Four renal allograft recipients with evidence of ischemic damage to the colon are presented and compared with 11 cases from 5 major series. Similarities in the patients included: deterioration of renal function, multiple immunosuppressive and antibiotic regimens, the use of cadaver renal allografts, and diagnostic and therapeutic measures requiring frequent enemas with barium and ion-exchange resins. Two of our patients underwent surgery for the removal of segments of necrotic colon after several weeks of fever and abdominal pain initially attributed to either acute rejection, viral infection, or pancreatitis. One patient had three days of melena and responded to non-operative therapy. The fourth patient developed ischemic colonic changes 10 weeks after allograft nephrectomy and was receiving no immunosuppression at the time. Broad spectrum antibiotics were used at various times in all patients. Early aggressive evaluation of gastrointestinal complaints--including barium enema, upper gastrointestinal series with small bowel follow-through, proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, and arteriography--is indicated, in view of the lethality of the complication of colonic ulceration. The clinical pictures presented emphasize the fact that recipients of renal allografts are commonly heir to many complications which may be considered rare in the normal population. PMID- 1108815 TI - Historical aspects in the development of venous autografts. AB - During the past 75 years much progress has occurred in the field of vascular surgery. During this period, contributions from clinical surgeons have stimulated new scientific discoveries which have led to further clinical applications in a mutually perpetuating cycle of surgical advancement. One of the major achievements has been the use of the venous autograft employed as an arterial substitute. First used by Goyanes in 1906 to replace a popliteal aneurysm, a venous autograft was first successfully employed in the United States by Bernheim in 1915. The stepwise development of this aspect of modern vascular surgery is presented, and the role of other related contributions in making its use feasible is reviewed. PMID- 1108816 TI - Innominate artery rupture. A major complication of tracheal surgery. AB - Innominate artery rupture is a life-threatening complication of tracheal reconstructive surgery. Early postoperative rupture of the innominate artery occurred in 8 of 100 consecutive patients undergoing tracheal resection and reconstruction (93, end-to-end anastomosis; 7, Marlex prosthesis). A premonitory transient hemoptysis occurred in 4 of the 8 patients. This sign may permit early diagnosis and effective treatment. When massive hemorrhage occurs, prompt arterial compression, control of the airway, and subsequent ligation of the artery may be lifesaving. Direct repair of the arterial defect is not recommended. If the innominate artery lies in direct contact with the suture line following primary anastomosis, soft tissue interposition is recommended. PMID- 1108817 TI - Trachea--innominate artery fistula following tracheostomy. Successful repair using an innominate vein graft. AB - This report discusses the first recorded patient in whom a trachea--innominate artery fistula after tracheostomy was treated successfully by resection of the eroded segment of artery followed by graft replacement using the patient's left innominate vein. The mechanism of vessel erosion and its prevention are discussed. Also, suitable methods are presented for obtaining temporary control of the severe hemorrhage associated with a tracheoarterial fistula while simultaneously maintaining an adequate airway. PMID- 1108818 TI - The surgical treatment of pectus excavatum: an experience with 90 operations. AB - Funnel chest, a congenital hereditary deformity, may lead to impairment of cardiopulmonary function. The predominant motives for operation are psychological and cosmetic. Patients with minor deformities amenable to physiotherapy should not be operated upon, but moderately severe defects justify surgical intervention. Objective photographic documentation is essential. Because of their importance to surgical technique and results, the symmetrical, asymmetrical, localized, and extensive deformities should be distinguished. Ninety operations were performed between 1951 and 1974 according to the various techniques known during that period. Results were irregular until the introduction eight years ago of an operation combining extensive resection according to Ravitch and stabilization by a metal strut as recommended by Adkins and others. Of 24 operations performed during the last eight years, 23 have given excellent long term results. PMID- 1108819 TI - Pleural flap closure of pericardial defects following intrapericardial pneumonectomy. AB - Persistent pericardial defects following intrapericardial pneumonectomy are, historically, the major cause of iatrogenic cardiac herniation. This complication is uniformly fatal when unrecognized and untreated and has been associated with a 43% mortality even with surgical correction. Suture approximation of all small defects is recommended, and a technique for routine pleural flap closure of moderate to large-sized defects is described. PMID- 1108820 TI - Quadruple coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - In our last 150 consecutive revascularization operations, 30 patients (20%) have had 4 or more bypass grafts. One patient died after quadruple grafting (mortality, 3%). Twenty-two (75%) of the survivors have been rehabilitated to active work status and 25 (86%) were considered by their cardiologists to have improved function postoperatively by New York Heart Association criteria. Preoperatively 15 patients (50% of the group) had either a markedly diminished ejection fraction (EF) or extreme elevation in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) or both. Complete revascularization, with resection of ventricular aneurysms when present, can be carried out successfully in a high risk group of patients. Elevated LVEDP or diminished EF per se is not a valid contraindication to myocardial revascularization. PMID- 1108821 TI - Safe cannulation of the ascending aorta. PMID- 1108823 TI - Membership roster, Southern Thoracic Surgical Association. PMID- 1108822 TI - Caustic ingestion and subsequent damage to the oropharyngeal and digestive passages. AB - The characteristics, diagnosis, and management of oropharyngeal and digestive passage lesions due to ingestion of caustic agents are presented. Previous experimental and clinical studies are reviewed with discussion of the peculiar qualities of the newer caustics. Differentiation in treatment of burns caused by solid and liquid agents is stressed. PMID- 1108824 TI - Propranolol as primary therapy for thyrotoxicosis. AB - It has been suggested that propranolol hydrochloride alone is effective in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. To test this hypothesis, eight mildly thyrotoxic individuals were prospectively studied for an average of eight months, during which propranolol alone was administered and thyroid function tests, cardiac systolic time intervals, and body densities were sequentially measured. Two patients became euthyroid. The others had adequate but incomplete symptomatic control. Weight loss was not corrected, but no changes in lean body mass were induced. The augmented myocardial contractility of thyrotoxicosis, as determined by systolic time intervals, improved but failed to return completely to normal. Thus, systolic time intervals are a practical means of following the peripheral response to chronic beta-adrenergic blockage in thyrotoxic patients. However, these observations do not support the use of propranolol alone as the first choice of therapy for thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 1108826 TI - Meningoencephalitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum: occurrence in a renal transplant recipient and a review of the literature. AB - A case of meningoencephalitis caused by histoplasmosis in a renal transplant patient is described. The diagnosis was made postmortem. The clinicopathological features of 39 additional cases of central nervous system (CNS) invasion by histoplasmosis were reviewed. In the great majority of instances (92.1%), CNS involvement occurred in the disseminated form of the disease. Diagnosis was proved by culturing the fungus from bone marrow, blood, lymph nodes, or liver. Neurological symptoms and signs and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes did not occur until extensive brain damage had resulted. Difficulty in culturing the organism in the (CSF) caused a further delay in making an early diagnosis of CNS involvement. The use of meningeal and brain biopsy specimens in conjunction with the electroencephalogram (EEG) may help in making an earlier diagnosis of CNS involvement. PMID- 1108825 TI - Candida endocarditis in two patients. AB - On the basis of the data currently available, no dogmatic statements can be made about optimal therapy for Candida endocarditis. In those with valve protheses, early surgery should be carefully assessed even though the differences in outcome (17% vs 53% survival) are not yet statistically significant. PMID- 1108827 TI - [Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy after portal shunt in the patient with cirrhosis]. PMID- 1108828 TI - [Proceedings: Heterotopic liver transplantation. Its place in the treatment of terminal hepatic insufficiency in cirrhosis]. PMID- 1108829 TI - [Proceedings: Right gastro-epiploic arteriovenous fistula after gastrectomy in a patient with renal insufficiency treated with dialysis followed by transplantation]. PMID- 1108830 TI - [Liver lesions associated with immune deficiencies. Morphological problems]. PMID- 1108831 TI - The life table. A method for analyzing longitudinal studies. AB - The life table is presented as the method of choice for analyzing data from longitudinal studies in which the outcome under study occurs randomly and in which patients are followed up varying lengths of time. We discuss the superiority of the life table to methods typically used, the calculation of its entries, and some of the clinical uses that can be made of its results. The method is applied to follow-up data on manic-depressive patients maintained with prophylactic lithium carbonate or with control regimens, and it is shown to disclose mathematical regularities in the parameters of longitudinal course. PMID- 1108832 TI - Lithium carbonate and affective disorders. V: A double-blind study of prophylaxis of depression in bipolar illness. AB - The efficacy of lithium carbonate as a prophylactic drug against depression in bipolar manic depressive patients was assessed through a double-blind, placebo controlled study of patients who had histories of recurrent depressions and hypomanias ("bipolar II"). The results revealed that treatment with lithium carbonate resulted in a reduction in the frequency of depressive attacks was observed with lithium carbonate treatment during the study (mean length of study, approximately 16 months), although there was a suggestion that the depressive attacks that occurred during treatment with lithium carbonate might be less severe than with placebo treatment. PMID- 1108833 TI - [Incontinence surgery using a skin flap. Methods and results]. PMID- 1108834 TI - [Biochemical studies on the in-vivo effect of LH-RH in newborn female guinea pigs]. PMID- 1108835 TI - [Human pituitary gonadotropin index. Statistical evaluation of 413 LRH tests in normal and amenorrhoic females with special reference to plasma estradiol]. PMID- 1108836 TI - [FSH-LH quotient of eumenorrhoic females following iterative LRH injection]. PMID- 1108837 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) in the human serum]. PMID- 1108839 TI - Henry B. Betts, M.D. PMID- 1108838 TI - [Hypophyseal-hypothalamic reaction to LH-RH and estrogen in hypergonadotropin function conditions]. PMID- 1108840 TI - The blastic transformation of human lymphocytes induced by streptococcal antigens. PMID- 1108841 TI - Biochemical and serological characteristics of Serratia marcescens isolated from various clinical and environmental sources. PMID- 1108842 TI - Subdividing of phage types of Shigella flexneri by means of bacteriocins. PMID- 1108843 TI - [The centenial of Constantin Levaditi]. PMID- 1108844 TI - A simple method for rapid isolation and identification of Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 1108845 TI - [Thomas Willis and the arterial circle of Willis]. PMID- 1108846 TI - [Morphological aspects of the functional stability of the kidney]. AB - Specific features of the internal architectonics of the secondary kidney have been analyzed from standpoints of main propositions of cybernetics. The high stability of the organ as a biological system is determined by a great number of non-equivalent elements both in the composition of the nephron in the level of coalition of nephrons and in other subsystems. It promotes 1) preservation of a part of neurons under extreme effects, 2) duplication, 3) creation of optimal variants of active functioning coalitions of nephrons, 4) maintenance of optimal regimen of work of the nephron and kidney as a whole. Specialization of cells, their ability to regenerate, control in many levels also contribute to stability. It is supposed that non-equivalence of the elements of subsystems in ontogenesis is sustained by their asynchronous development, while in phylogenesis--by intratissue divergence. PMID- 1108847 TI - Colonial medicine and Benjamin Franklin. PMID- 1108848 TI - 'Figure 8' ipsilateral autokeratoplasty. A modification using standard corneal trephines. AB - A modification of the "figure 8" ipsilateral autokeratoplasty uses a silicone wafer beneath a portion of a standard sized corneal trephine to limit its cutting edge. This procedure eliminates the necessity of a custom-made instrument in a seldom-performed operation. PMID- 1108849 TI - Cancer of the skin of the nose. Treatment by total skin excision and three quarter thickness skin graft. AB - We describe a method of treatment and repair of superficial cancers of the skin of the nose. In 124 patients in whom excision of the lesion and a split thickness skin graft were used, 77% were alive and free of their disease after five years of follow-up. Three patients in whom a skin graft was performed were unavailable for follow-up, and 15 patients developed local recurrence either in the area of excision or in the surrounding skin. The method is easy, reliable, and the cosmetic results are satisfactory. PMID- 1108850 TI - Oral surgery in general dental practice. Pre-prosthetic surgery. PMID- 1108851 TI - The metallography of a nickel base casting alloy. AB - Three groups of tensile test pieces were produced using a nickel base partial denture casting alloy and employing induction fusion in each case. The first group was produced fro new metal, the second from metal which had been recast four times, and the third from new overheated metal. Samples of alloy were cut from each group, and together with a piece from an original ingot, were mounted, polished, etched, and examined under a metallurgical microscope. PMID- 1108852 TI - A forcast of requirements for the treatment of chronic renal failure in Victoria. AB - Using a Markov chain mathematical model, dialysis and transplantation requirements for Victoria in the next five to ten years have been predicted. The numerical constants in the model are based on data from past Australian experience. Predictions showed a steady rise in numbers requiring dialysis and transplantation. Home dialysis numbers will probably double within five years but hospital dialysis numbers will only increase by 50% in the same period. If as many patients as possible were trained for home dialysis on entering the treatment programme, home dialysis numbers could triple in five years, but hospital dialysis numbers would be correspondingly reduced. It is hoped that this model will enable planning authorities to allocate resources for renal failure treatment in a more rational manner. PMID- 1108853 TI - Successful use of combination chemotherapy in pure red cell aplasia associated with malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type. AB - A case of pure red cell aplasia developing in a woman aged 78 is reported. Biopsy of an enlarged axillary lymph node disclosed a malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type. Therapy with intermittent cyclophosphamide and prednisone was instituted. There was rapid remission of the red cell aplasia. Clinical recurrence of the histiocytic lymphoma has not occurred. PMID- 1108854 TI - Chest injuries in road trauma. AB - A review of major chest injuries sustained by road crash victims attending the Preston and Northcote Community Hospital over the four-year period 1971 to 1974 highlights the vulnerability of car occupants to this type of injury, particularly those involved in side-impact collisions. In this type of collision seat-belt restraint does not influence the incidence of chest injury. Major injuries to other body areas and the delayed development of serious pulmonary complications call for continuous expert medical cae with the use of the facilities of an intensive care ward. The range of complications in a survey of 60 such patients admitted to hospital in 1974 is highlighted. A regime of management is outlined. PMID- 1108855 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy with immediate reconstruction of the breast. AB - The operation of subcutaneous mastectomy is evolving as an alternative to simple mastectomy for diseases of the breast parenchyma where preservation of the skin capsule is thought possible. Simple mastectomy is a mutilating procedure, cosmetically unacceptable to both patient and surgeon. The psychological implications of breast absence in women are now well known, and attempts to preserve the shape and volume of the breast must receive attention. PMID- 1108856 TI - Omental transfer for the treatment of radionecrosis of chest wall. AB - A technique is described for the treatment of non-healing deep ulcers of the chest wall following radiotherapy. These ulcers are avascular and may involve the costal cartilages. The skin around them is stretched and fixed, so that covering and healing them has been a challenging problem to surgeons. The method used in this patient utilized the transfer of the whole of the greater omentum attached to the greater curve of the stomach, which provides clean, vascular bed for the skin graft, and has been nature's best help to surgeons. PMID- 1108857 TI - Recent implications of intrauterine and postnatal rubella. PMID- 1108858 TI - Clinical comparison of halcinonide and betamethasone valerate in common dermatoses. PMID- 1108860 TI - Michael Romuald Healy. PMID- 1108859 TI - Direct immunofluorescent study of systemic lupus erythematosus in Singapore. PMID- 1108861 TI - Leslie Wadmore Linn. PMID- 1108862 TI - Percutaneous absorption, vehicles and dermatological prescribing. PMID- 1108863 TI - The origins of the College. PMID- 1108864 TI - William Stone (1858-1949): a pioneer in australian radiology. PMID- 1108865 TI - Pregnant stewardess--should she fly? AB - There is much pressure on the airlines to allow stewardesses to fly while pregnant. Some of them want to fly in quite advanced stages of pregnancy. This paper offers a survey of the problem, the hazards that may occur and some guidelines for the physician. The author outlines the normal changes to be expected with advancing pregnancy and those factors that could have an adverse effect on a pregnant stewardess and her fetus, such as hypoxia, trauma, abortion, the hazards of travel, and flying itself. Certain legal problems of unemployment and medical disability also are discussed. Travel alone offers no real danger to the pregnant stewardess in the first trimester of pregnancy; however, because of the changing mechanics of her size, posture, and increasing unsteadiness, it would be wisest to require a pregnant stewardess to cease flying at 13 weeks, with an absolute prohibition of flying after the 20th week. PMID- 1108866 TI - The hemolysins of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 1108867 TI - Growth and differentiation of the water mold Blastocladiella emersonii: cytodifferentiation and the role of ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis. PMID- 1108870 TI - Heteropyknosis of the chromosomes in liver cells of different ploidy: a nuclear image study. AB - The chromatin densities of Feulgen-stained diploid, tetraploid, octoploid and binucleate cells of smear preparations of the liver of female field voles, Microtus agrestis, were examined by means of image analysis. The ratio of the areas of flattened nuclei of 2n, 4n and 8n ploidy was about 1 : 1.62 :2.60 and that of the relative DNA content 1 : 2 : 4. In flattened polyploid nuclei, the chromosomes are more densely arranged than in diploid. In diploid nuclei, absolutely and percentually smaller areas of dark chromatin particles were found than in polyploid nuclei. After correction of the grey values with a density factor, the frequency distribution curves of all ploidy classes were found to be nearly identical. The results show that the percentage of heteropyknotic chromosome material is the same in diploid, polyploid and binucleate liver cells. PMID- 1108871 TI - [Normal and morbid aging of the spine. Comprehensive review]. PMID- 1108872 TI - [Early forms of orthopedic thinking and orthopedic methods in the 1st 120 years of the Halle University (Saale). (II). Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein (1723 1795)]. PMID- 1108873 TI - [Pathology, clinical aspects and etiology of glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis in dogs]. PMID- 1108868 TI - Mesosomes: membranous bacterial organelles. PMID- 1108874 TI - Regulation of synthesis of ribosomal proteins during pyrimidine starvation in Escherichia coli. AB - The synthesis of ribosomal proteins during pyrimidine starvation was investigated. A progressive turn-off of protein synthesis, with a decay half-time of about 5 min, was observed when Escherichia coli cells were starved of uridine. By means of double-labelling, the syntheses of different ribosomal proteins were shown to be turned off unequally during the starvation. Comparison of the turn off patterns for some proteins and the known polycistronic organization of the structural genes for these proteins suggests that a major cause of the unequal turn-off was the degradation of mRNA molecules for the ribosomal proteins from the 5'-end toward the 3'-end. PMID- 1108875 TI - Gene activities for ribosomal components in Escherichia coli B/r. AB - The relative transcriptional activities of genes coding for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) at a steady-state growth rates ranging from 0.65 to 2.1 doublings/h can be estimated from previous measurements of the synthesis rates of stable and unstable RNA (Pato & von Meyenburg, 1970; Nierlich, 1972a,b; Bremer et al., 1973; Dennis & Bremer, 1973b, 1974b) and ribosomal proteins (Schleif, 1967; Dennis & Bremer, 1974a). Comparison of these transcriptional activities suggests that the expression of the r-protein genes and rRNA genes is controlled seperately. PMID- 1108877 TI - Prolonged production of hydrogen gas by a chloroplast biocatalytic system. PMID- 1108876 TI - S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from baker's yeast. AB - 1. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.50) was purified more than 1100-fold from extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by affinity chromatography on columns of Sepharose containing covalently bound methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (1,1'[(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo]diguanidine) [Pegg, (1974) Biochem J. 141, 581-583]. The final preparation appeared to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis at pH 8.4. 2. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity was completely separated from spermidine synthase activity [5'-deoxyadenosyl-(5'),3 aminopropyl-(1),methylsulphonium-salt-putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase, EC 2.5.1.16] during the purification procedure. 3. Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity from crude extracts of baker's yeast was stimulated by putrescine, 1,3 diamino-propane, cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane) and spermidine; however, the purified enzyme, although still stimulated by the diamines, was completely insensitive to spermidine. 4. Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase has an apparent Km value of 0.09 mM for adenosylmethionine in the presence of saturating concentrations of putrescine. The omission of putrescine resulted in a five-fold increase in the apparent Km value for adenosylmethionine. 5. The apparent Ka value for putrescine, as the activator of the reaction, was 0.012 mM. 6. Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) and S-methyladenosylhomocysteamine (decarboxylated adenosylmethionine) were powerful inhibitors of the enzyme. 7. Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from baker's yeast was inhibited by a number of conventional carbonyl reagents, but in no case could the inhibition be reversed with exogenous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PMID- 1108878 TI - The number of globin gene sequences in "cytoplasmic" DNA fragments. PMID- 1108879 TI - Transfection: enhancement by assembly protein of bacteriophage R17. PMID- 1108880 TI - Idealized atomic coordinates of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA. PMID- 1108881 TI - Mutagenicity in vitro and potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes as a function of metabolic oxiran formation. PMID- 1108882 TI - Commentary. The in vivo fate of brain oligopeptides. PMID- 1108883 TI - Pharmacology of the malaria parasite--a study of dose-response relationships in chloroquine-induced autophagic vacuole formation in Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 1108884 TI - The effect of chlorhexidine on the anaerobic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 1108869 TI - Colicinogeny and related phenomena. PMID- 1108885 TI - [Allotransplantation of the duodeno-pancreatic block in the rat: note on the surgical technic]. PMID- 1109132 TI - Histocompatibility in ruminants. The production and evaluation of allo-antibodies for GL-A typing in goats. AB - The production of goat lymphocytotoxic allo-antisera by immunization by lymphocytes or allografting is described. Analysis of typing results of several goat families and the correlation between the lengthening of allograft survival and graft exchange between compatible and incompatible animals, suggest the existence of a major histocompatibility system (GL-A) in goats. PMID- 1109134 TI - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: genetic control of susceptibility. AB - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in inbred and congenic strains of mice by injection of mouse spinal cord homogenate (MSCH) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) with pertussis vaccine. Genetic analyses showed that susceptibility to EAE in mice was inherited as a dominant trait and was in part controlled by genes located in the centromeric half of the H-2 complex. Mice with EAE developed cell-mediated immune responsiveness to basic protein of myelin (BPM), as judged by the macrophage migration inhibition assay, using peritonealyexudate cells; this was not observed with mice of resistant strains. However, the migration of peritoneal exudate cells of both susceptible and resistant strains was significantly inhibited in the presence of purified protein derivative (PPD) of M. tuberculosis. Thus, the genes involved in the control of susceptibility to EAE also influence T cell responsiveness to BPM. Antibody to BPM, as judged by radioimmunoassay, was detected in susceptible and resistant strains but there was no correlation between the presence or levels of antibody and susceptibility or resistance to EAE. It is suggested that resistance to EAE is associated with failure of T cells to recognize and/or respond to the encephalitogenic determinant of the BPM molecule. PMID- 1109133 TI - Attempt at "immunological castration" as an approach to the problem of the involvement of testosterone in control of expression of certain mouse antigens. AB - Adult male mice of the strain B10.A were immunized with a testosterone-protein conjugate, testosterone 3-(O-CARBOXYMETHYL)-oxime-bovine serum albumin which contained 27-75 steroid residues/mol BSA. Two different immunization doses of the conjugate were used, respectively, 2 x 40 mug and 2 x 200 mug in complete Freund's adjuvant or in alum adjuvant. There were two groups of control males, non-immunized and immunized with BSA in adjuvant. In the pooled immune sera, antibodies to testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay; their titre ranged between 7 and 10. On histological sections of testes, inhibition of spermatogenesis (manifested by a sower frequency or even absence of tubules producing mature sperm, reduced frequency of tubular cells and their degenerative changes) was observed in almost all males immunized with the higher dose of the conjugate. In such animals, increased frequency of interstitial cells (except vascular elements) and enlarged nuclei of Leydig cells were found. In spite of these signs of a hyperproduction of testosterone by the Leydig cells, the product seemed to have lacked its normal biological activity as suggested not only by the low activity of spermatogenesis, but also by a significantly subnormal level of the androgen-dependent serum protein Ss. PMID- 1109135 TI - HL-A antigens in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - HL-A antigens were examined in sixty-two patients, thirty-one boys and thirty-one girls, diagnosed as having JRA. HL-A 27 was the only antigen with a significantly increased frequency. This increase concerned predominantly male patients in whom the disease developed at the beginning of puberty. In this group of sixteen boys, the polyarticular form was more frequent and tended to be associated with sacroliitis, while the rheumatoid factor was negative in all but one. The frequency of HL-A 27 in this group was 65.5%. The patients were also examined by the lymphotoxic test with anti H-2 alloimmune sera known to exhibit a high degree of association with some HL-A antigens. On JRA lymphocytes these associations were confirmed for HL-A 2 and anti-H-2f and for HL-A 27 and anti-H-2p. The strongest reactions were observed with lymphocytes from male patients around the age of puberty. These data indicate that steroid hormones influence the expressivity of some HL-A associated cell plasma membrane structures. PMID- 1109136 TI - Experience in using a multiplace device for chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 1109137 TI - Early detection of heart action in the fetus and determination of placenta position with the Doppler ultrasonic method. PMID- 1109138 TI - Experience with ultrasonics in gynecology and obstetrics. PMID- 1109139 TI - Potentialities of the type UZD-5 ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for differential diagnosis of cancer of the thyroid. PMID- 1109140 TI - Device for protecting organs not being investigated during roentgenography. PMID- 1109141 TI - Evaluation of the electrosleep apparatus for postoperative analgesia. PMID- 1109142 TI - Device for electrical excision of gastric polyps through a gastroscope. PMID- 1109143 TI - Use of a domestic refrigerator as a cryostat. PMID- 1109144 TI - Device for determining the neutral conductor in Ek--10 commutator motors. PMID- 1109145 TI - Exhibitions in 1974. PMID- 1109146 TI - Foreign laboratory equipment for biochemical investigations at the international exhibition in Stockholm. PMID- 1109147 TI - Scientific, technical, and economic collaboration of countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in biomedical engineering and tasks of trade journals. PMID- 1109148 TI - Electrocoagulation of the sclera. PMID- 1109149 TI - Biomedical data-recording and storage system. PMID- 1109150 TI - Interchannel interference in recording slow bioelectric potentials. PMID- 1109151 TI - A conductometer for measuring some parameters of blood. PMID- 1109152 TI - Effects of mold geometry on the surface finish of plastic medical-instrument parts. PMID- 1109153 TI - Size of hospital trolleys. PMID- 1109154 TI - Assessment of technological level in plants supplying medical equipment. PMID- 1109155 TI - Thymus cell maturation. II. Differentiation of three "mature" subclasses in vivo. PMID- 1109156 TI - Migration inhibition of alloimmune mouse macrophages by soluble transplantation antigens. PMID- 1109157 TI - Effect of iron transferrin on nucleic acid synthesis in phytohemagglutinin stimulated human lymphocytes. PMID- 1109158 TI - Recycling as a project for a hospital's sheltered workshop. PMID- 1109159 TI - A scale for measuring patient satisfaction with hospital services. PMID- 1109160 TI - The training and role of nurse-therapists in a general hospital's psychiatric unit. AB - The author's discuss their experience using nurses as therapists on a small unit at St. Joseph's Hospital, a general hospital in Hamilton, Ontario. They describe the training of the first nurse-therapists and the three-level training system established to make the program self-sustaining. The nurse-therapist system is now used on several psychiatric units in the hospital. Problems in role relationships and schedules occurred, but the authors, noting the patient-care, economic, and staff benefits, believe that the system would be especially useful in small inpatient units. PMID- 1109161 TI - Using short-term intervention with priests. AB - In ten weekly sessions, each lasting one and a half hours, the authors met with six priests to increase the priests' knowledge of mental health resources, to break down stereotypes concerning both mental health professionals and priests, and to help them deal with the changes that are occurring in the church organization. The priests were able to deal only superficially with issues such as identity and intimacy. But as a result of the experience, they could cope better with their day-to-day work and were better able to use mental health professionals as consultants. PMID- 1109162 TI - Criteria for releasing patients from psychiatric hospitals. AB - The authors conducted a pilot study to determine the kinds of criteria being used by mental health professionals in discharging patients from mental hospitals. Twenty-one criteria were identified in the first phase of the study, and 43 staff members later rated the items according to their perceived importance. Although there was general agreement on most of the items, reliable differences of opinion were expressed in some instances. The differences were attributed less to the respondents' professional discipline than to their hospital affiliation (VA or non-VA). The authors emphasize the need for developing a standardized list of discharge criteria and discuss uses for such criteria. PMID- 1109163 TI - The women's liberation movement: its impact on marriage. AB - The author discusses marriages in which a basically insecure husband plays a god like role and his wife, who initially worshipped him, matures and finds her situation depressing and degrading. With support from the women's liberation movement, many women have found the courage and conviction to challenge such situations. The challenges often bring the husbands' repressed feelings of inadequacy to the surface, which leads to increased turmoil and finally to requests for professional help, first by the wife and later by her husband. During counseling both become more open and develop as individuals. As a result their marriage improves. PMID- 1109164 TI - Taking a second look at psychiatric treatment: therapy is not enough. PMID- 1109166 TI - Editorial: What if we had a war--against inflation--and nobody came? PMID- 1109165 TI - Hospital operating margins. PMID- 1109167 TI - Challenge for change. PMID- 1109169 TI - Letter: Comment on review of "Nephrographic pattern during excretory urography". PMID- 1109168 TI - Hospital, hotel, agencies coordinate care for the aged. PMID- 1109170 TI - Semiautomated, centralized unit dose. PMID- 1109171 TI - Care ensured for unassigned patients. PMID- 1109172 TI - Judging hospital trustees. PMID- 1109173 TI - The effect of pressure or flow stress on right ventricular protein synthesis in the face of constant and restricted coronary perfusion. AB - Cardiac stress produced by hypertension or excess volume loading results in different types of hypertrophy. Elevated left ventricular pressure rapidly results in increased myocardial protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro, but such rapid alterations are not consistently seen in volume loading. The difference in response is difficult to clarify since it is not possible to effect alterations in left ventricular pressure or perfusion without profoundly affecting coronary perfusion. The present study describes cardiac protein synthesis in the right ventricle of the young guinea pig heart in vitro by utilizing a perfusion model in which the right ventricle could be stressed by elevations of pressure or volume loading in the presence of constant and restricted coronary perfusion. With coronary flow maintained at 4 ml/min per heart equivalent to 25 ml/min/g dry wt, an increase in right ventricular pressure from normal levels of 3 mm Hg to 11 mm Hg resulted in a 60 percent increase of myocardial incorporation of (14C)lysine into protein. However, with further increases of right ventricular pressure to 22 mm Hg, protein synthesis dropped back to normal levels. The falloff in protein synthesis was not due to decreased contractility, alterations in intracellular lysine pool specific activity, or alterations in distribution of coronary flow. a 60 percent increase in coronary perfusion was again associated with a similar response of protein synthesis to progressive elevations of pressure despite a rise in the ATP levels and a fall in lactate production. Thus, a deficiency of O2 did not entirely explain the decline of protein synthesis with maximal pressures. At all levels of coronary perfusion, volume loading for 3 h did not result in increased protein incorporation of (14C)lysine. The studies support a relationship between ventricular pressure and protein synthesis unrelated to coronary flow per se. A pressure receptor triggering protein synthesis within the ventricular wall is postulated. Such a relationship is not apparent in short-term volume loading in vitro. PMID- 1109174 TI - Mechanism of secretion of biliary lipids. I. Role of bile canalicular and microsomal membranes in the synthesis and transport of biliary lecithin and cholesterol. AB - The role of bile canalicular and microsomal membranes in the synthesis and transport of biliary lipids was investigated by using the isolated perfused rat liver model. Labeled lecithin precursors ((3H)-palmitic acid, (14C)linoleic acid, (3H)choline, and 32PO4) and a cholesterol precursor ((3H)mevalonic acid) were administered with and without sodium taurocholate. The incorporation pattern of these labeled precursors into linoleyl and arachidonyl lecithins and cholesterol fractions of microsomes, bile canaliculi, and bile were examined at 30-min intervals up to 90 min. Marker enzymes and electron microscopy indicated that isolated subfractions of plasma membranes were enriched with bile canaliculi (less than 10 percent microsomal contamination). Taurocholate significantly stimulated the incorporation of 32PO4, (3H)choline, (3H)palmitic acid, and (14C)linoleic acid into linoleyl and arachidonyl lecithin with parallel incorporation curves for microsomal and bile canalicular membranes throughout the 90-min study period. During the 30-60-min period, however, these same lecithin fractions in bile significantly exceeded the specific activity of the membrane lecithins. The enzyme CDP-choline diglyceride transferase was virtually absent from canaliculi relative to microsomes, indicating that canaliculi lack the capacity for de novo lecithin synthesis. Incorporation of (3H)mevalonic acid into membranous and biliary cholesterol followed a pattern similar to that for lecithin. These data provide evidence that (a) biliary lecithin and cholesterol are derived from a microsomal subpool regulated by the flux of enterohepatic bile acids, (b) the role of the bile canalicular membranes with respect to biliary lipids is primarily transport rather than synthesis, and (c) lecithin and cholesterol are transported together from microsomes to bile. The findings are consistent with the existence of a cytoplasmic lipid complex within the hepatocyte which is actively involved in the intermembrane transport of biliary lipid. PMID- 1109176 TI - Defect in insulin binding to receptors in obese man. Amelioration with calorie restriction. AB - With insulin at 0.1 ng/ml, the binding of (125I)insulin in vitro to circulating lymphocytes from 11 obese patients was less than that observed with cells from 10 thin volunteers. Furthermore, with obese cells, unlabeled insulin was less effective in competing with labeled hormone for binding, both at low and high concentrations of unlabeled insulin. These differences were not accounted for by the high concentrations of insulin in the circulation of the obese patients at the time fthe blood was drawn, or by differences in degradation of hormone, or in the characteristics of the cell population. The decrease in binding appears to be due to a lowering of the receptor concentration, but some loss of affinity has not been excluded. Institution of a calorie restricted diet (nine patients) which ameliorated the hyperinsulinemia, produced an improvement in hormone binding. Since the insulin receptors of lymphocytes in metabolic disorders seem to reflect the state of insulin receptors or target cells such as liver and fat, the lymphocytes or other leukocytes appear to be ideal for studies of impaired cell responsiveness to hormones in man. PMID- 1109175 TI - Effects of neomycin on absorption, synthesis, and/or flux of cholesterol in man. AB - The mode of action of the hypocholesteremic drug neomycin (2 g/day) was studied in four patients. All showed a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol concentrations (mean 25 percent, range 18-31 percent), and in one of three patients with hyperglyceridemia there was a decrease of plasma triglycerides of 26 percent. Cholesterol absorption was measured in three of four patients: there was a marked decrease. Sterol balance studies in four patients showed an unabating increase in fecal neutral steroid excretion (mean increase 345 mg/day, range 323-361) for 3-5 wk after plasma cholesterol levels had reached a new and lower plateau. Fecal acidic steroid excretion increased temporarily in two patients, with a sustained increase of 93 mg/day in only one. Daily stool weights increased significantly in three of four patients, though none had steatorrhea; there was a significant reduction in excretion of secondary bile acids; neutral sterol degradation rates were not affected by the drug. Slopes of plasma cholesterol-specific activity time curves did not change. These results fail to support the suggestion that neomycin acts as a bile acid precipitant. The finding of increased fecal neutral steroid excretion is consistent with decreased cholesterol absorption, but also with increased cholesterol absorption, but also with increased cholesterol synthesis (secondary to release of negative feedback control), with increased flux of cholesterol from tissues, or with a combination of all three actions. PMID- 1109178 TI - An efficient optimization technique for recovering ventilation-perfusion distributions from inert gas data. Effects of random experimental error. AB - A variable metric optimization method of numerical analysis has been used to recover known distributions of intrapulmonary ventilation-perfusion ratios from inert gas data. Hypothetical lungs were simulated and corresponding inert gas retentions calculated. By using error-free retentions for seven gases and a 50 compartment model, it was possible to recover distributions containing up to three modes accurately and with greater efficiency than with other numerical methods. When random error of a magnitude consistent with present analytical techniques was introduced into retention data, the recovered distributions differed qualitatively from the original ones. This resulted from the ill conditioned nature of the mathematical problem, which makes a recovered distribution extremely sensitive to small errors in retention. Thus, present levels of measurement error represent an important limitation in current techniques for deriving distributions from inert gas measurements. PMID- 1109177 TI - Plasma glucagon and insulin in rat pregnancy. Roles in glucose homeostasis. AB - To determine if pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones can be implicated in the glucose fall of pregnancy, we have measured plasma immunoreactive insulin and glucagon (IRI and IRG) in rats. Fed rats in midgestation show a rise in IRI without a corresponding increase in IRG. In late gestation, IRG rises significantly, but only enough to keep pace with a further rise in IRI. On a molar basis, IRI remains the predominant hormone despite a marked fall in blood glucose. After a 48-h fast IRI falls to comparably low levels in pregnant and virgin rats. A small rise in IRG is seen in virgin but not in pregnant rats despite frank hypoglycemia in the latter. Thus, IRG secretion in pregnancy is diminished relative to IRI in the fed state and fails to increase in the fasted state despite the stimulus of a lower glucose in both instances. To evaluate IRG secretory reserve, the IRG response to i.v. alanine was assessed in late gestation. In fed rats a greater IRG increase is seen in pregnancy; after fasting no difference is seen between pregnant and virgin rats. These results preclude an absolute deficiency in glucagon secretion. Pancreas hormone stores were alos measured in an effort to explain the altered secretory state. We find reciprocal changes in IRI and IRG content favoring IRG in midgestation and IRI in late gestation. Thus, pancreas hormone storage is altered in pregnancy but does not account for the changes in hormone secretion. Rather, pregnancy exerts an effect on the islet secretory process itself. Release of IRI is enhanced relative to IRG regardless of the blood sugar level. These observations suggest that in the pregnant rat circulating levels of insulin and glucagon may act to limit hepatic glucose output. Available evidence from the literature supports the concept of restrained glucose production. It is proposed that a lower blood glucose production. It is proposed that a lower blood glucose in rat pregnancy may be a lesser liability teleologically than would be the obligate nitrogen wasting which accompanies gluconeogenesis. PMID- 1109179 TI - Uterine prostaglandin E secretion and uterine blood flow in the pregnant rabbit. AB - Studies were performed in pregnant rabbits to assess the effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on uterine blood flow. Cardiac output and uteroplacental blood flow (UPBF) were measured using radiolabeled microspheres. Prostaglandin E (PGE) concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in the uterine vein and peripheral artery of the pregnant nephrectomized rabbit. Either meclofenamate or indomethacin 2 mg/kg were utilized to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Systemic arterial pressure increased from 86 mm Hg to 98 mm Hg (P less than0.0001) after prostaglandin inhibition. Cardiac output was unchanged after the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, 326 ml/min to 7.8 ml/min. Uterine vein PGE concentration was extremely high, 172.4 ng/ml, with concomitant peripheral arterial PGE 2.1 NG/ML. Intravenous administration of either meclofenamate or indomethacin reduced uterine vein PGE to 23 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) and arterial PGE to 1.0 ng/ml (P less than 0.05). Male and nonpregnant female rabbits had lower arterial PGE, 0.37 ng/ml (P less 0.05). Studies in non-nephrectomized pregnant animals demonstrated that uteroplacental secretion of PGE was greater than five times renal secretion. These studies demonstrate that the rabbit uteroplacental unit is a rich source of PGE and suggest that production of the vasoactive lipid may have a key role in regulating UPBF during pregnancy. PMID- 1109180 TI - Regional myocardial blood flow during graded treadmill exercise in the dog. AB - Regional myocardial blood flow was measured in nine dogs at rest and during three levels of treadmill exercise by using left atrial injections of 7-10-mum radioactive microspheres. At rest, heart rate was 76 plus or minus 3 beats/min (mean plus or minus SEM), mean left ventricular myocardial flow was 0.94 plus or minus 0.09 ml/min/g and endocardial flow (endo) exceeded epicardial flow (epi) in all regions (endo/epi equals 1.12-1.33). When treadmill exercise was regulated to increase heart rates from 152 plus or minus 3 to 190 plus or minus 3 to 240 plus or minus 6 beats/min, myocardial blood flow (MBF) to all regions of the left ventricle increased linearly with heart rate (HR) from 1.83 plus or minus 0.11 to 2.75 plus or minus 0.22 to 3.90 plus or minus 0.26 ml/min/g (MBF EQUALs 0.0175 HR - 0.523 PLUS OR MINUS 0.614, R EQUALS 0.87). Exercise abolished the gradient of blood flow favoring the left ventricular endocardium at rest, so that the endo/epi flow ratios were not significantly different from 1.00. Right ventricular flows were consistently less than corresponding left ventricular flows, but showed a similar linear increase with heart rate. Right ventricular endo/epi ratios were not different from 1.00 either at rest or during exercise. Thus, exercise resulted in increased myocardial blood flow to all regions of the left and right ventricles with maintenance of subendocardial flow equal to subepicardial flow. PMID- 1109181 TI - Prolonged contraction duration in aged myocardium. AB - Isometric performance at 29degreesC was measured in left ventricular trabeculae carneae from young adult (6-mo) and aged (25-mo) rats (n equals 18 in each group). Active tension and maximal rate of tension development did not differ with age, but contraction duration was 255plus or minus6 ms in the young adult and 283plus or minus6 ms in the aged group (P less than0.001). Although catecholamine content per gram heart weight was less in the aged myocardium, additional experiments showed that neither 1 times 10-6 M propranolol nor pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine eliminated the age difference in contraction duration. To determine if this age difference resulted from a prolonged active state, electromechanical dissociation and the overshoot of contraction duration during recovery from hypoxia were measured. During paired stimulation greater mechanical refractoriness was found in aged muscles (P less than0.01), but intracellular action potential recordings showed no age difference in the electrical refractory period. On recovery from hypoxia, contraction duration overshoot was 117plus or minus 4percent of control in the young and 138plus or minus 4percent of control in the aged muscles (P less than0.01). The greater electromechanical dissociation and greater overshoot in contraction duration following hypoxia in aged myocardium suggests that prolonged contraction duration in aged myocardium results from a prolonged active state rather than changes in passive properties or myocardial catecholamine content. PMID- 1109182 TI - Regulation of blood flow in Paget's disease of bone. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated an increase in blood flow to extremities involved by Paget's disease of bone. It has been assumed that the increase in blood flow is through bone, but warmth of skin overlying Pagetic bone suggests that cutaneous blood flow might be increased. In three patients with Paget's disease involving one extremity, we compared blood flow in "Pagetic" extremities with flow in the contralateral normal extremities. Resting blood flow (measured with water plethysmographs) was 14.2plus or minus2.9 (meanplus or minusSE) ml/min times 100 ml extremity in the Pagetic limbs. The contribution of cutaneous flow to the increase in extremity blood flow was evaluated with epinephrine iontophoresis, which suppresses flow to skin but not to underlying tissue. Epinephrine iontophoresis of the Pagetic extremities decreased blood flow from 14.2plus or minus2.9 to 3.6plus or minus1.5 ml/min. Local heating (which increases cutaneous flow only) failed to increase blood flow in the Pagetic extremities as much as it did in the normal extremities. This suggests that cutaneous vessels in the Pagetic extremities were already dilated. During heating, blood flow in the normal extremities was similar to resting flow in the Pagetic extremities; this indicates that increases in cutaneous flow could account for most of the increase in total blood flow in the Pagetic extremities. Adrenergic control of blood flow to the Pagetic extremities was compared with that of the normal extremities. Vasoconstrictor responses to reflex stimuli in the Pagetic extremities were reduced; when vasoconstriction occurred it was gradual and sustained after termination of the stimuli, which suggests an exaggerated humoral response but reduced neural response to the stimuli. Intravenous epinephrine produced vasoconstriction in the Pagetic extremities and vasodilatation in the normal extremities. In summary, responses to epinephrine iontophoresis and heating suggest that the increase in blood flow in Pagetic extremities is primarily the result of cutaneous vasodilatation. PMID- 1109183 TI - Detection of platelet isoantibodies by (3H)serotonin platelet release and its clinical application to the problem of platelet matching. AB - The detection of platelet isoantibodies by the release of (3H)serotonin from platelets has been evaluated. The conditions for optimal release of (3H)serotonin with platelet isoantibodies using a microtechnique have been defined. A group of cardiac surgery patients were followed pre- and post-transfusions, with 48percent developing a positive serotonin release assay. Of these patients, 16percent also had a platelet complement-fixing and/or lymphocytotoxic isoantibody. There was variation in the degree of correlation between (3H)serotonin release and lymphocytotoxicity using individual National Institutes of Health typing serum. The matching obtained between family members by both techniques showed a close correlation when each technique was evaluated separately using the same NIH typing serum. The detection of iso-antibodies in patients with hematological malignancies correlated with the unresponsiveness to unmatched platelet transfusions in 15 out of 17 cases. The use of the patient's isoantibody to matched platelets of family members by (3H)serotonin release correlated well with the clinical response to transfusion with these platelets. The data suggest that (a) platelet isoantibodies can be detected with increased frequency by (3H)serotonin release; (b) (3H)serotonin release is a specific reaction depending on the surface antigen of the platelet; and (c) the method can be used to match compatible family members for platelet transfusions. PMID- 1109184 TI - Antidepressant drugs. PMID- 1109185 TI - Adverse effects of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 1109186 TI - Hodgkin's Disease, tonsillectomy and family size. AB - The association of tonsillectomy and Hodgkin's disease was investigated by comparison of 136 young adult patients with their 315 siblings and 78 spouses. On the basis of a case-spouse comparison, the risk ratio of Hodgkin's disease among tonsillectomized persons was 3.1 (1.5 to 7.7, 95 per cent confidence limits); on the basis of a case-sibling comparison it was 1.4 (0.8-2.6). The case-sibling analysis was repeated according to sibship size, and increased risk of disease was associated with tonsillectomy only within the 37 sibships of size two. A similar variation of risk ratio with sibship size was found in data from a prior study. The range of the association implies that the relation beteeen tonsillectomy and Hodgkin's disease either is noncausal or is complex and modified by family size. Risk of Hodgkin's disease was found to increase as a sibship size decreased, suggesting that a cause of Hodgkin's disease is correlated with childhood social class. PMID- 1109187 TI - Therapy of obesity with hormones. PMID- 1109188 TI - Editorial: Angio-immunoblastic (immunoblastic) lymphadenopathy. PMID- 1109189 TI - Editorial: Ethics and high blood pressure. PMID- 1109190 TI - Letter: Tumor-associated antigen in female and male breast cancer. PMID- 1109191 TI - Letter: Myoclonic encephalopathy and neuroblastoma. PMID- 1109192 TI - Letter: Tumors of renal pelvis and analgesics. PMID- 1109193 TI - Letter: Enhancement of heparin effect by probenecid. PMID- 1109194 TI - Letter: Blood lipids in pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. PMID- 1109195 TI - Letter: Pulseless extremity in children after arterial catheterization. PMID- 1109196 TI - Letter: What is "refractory" cardiac failure? PMID- 1109197 TI - Letter: "Smudge" ECG. PMID- 1109198 TI - Letter: Telephone transmission of hepatitis B? PMID- 1109199 TI - Letter: Heat stroke. PMID- 1109200 TI - Letter: Rabies virus in bts' brain and salivary glands. PMID- 1109201 TI - Letter: Drugs and enhanced susceptibility to heat stroke. PMID- 1109202 TI - Letter: Management of wounded patient. PMID- 1109203 TI - Letter: Possible sensitivity to vinblastine in prostatic or seminal fluid. PMID- 1109204 TI - Letter: Hazards in indiscriminate use of sweeteners containing phenylalanine. PMID- 1109205 TI - Letter: How to catch fecal foreign bodies. PMID- 1109207 TI - Letter: Rural HMO's. PMID- 1109206 TI - Letter: Relation of weight to menarche. PMID- 1109208 TI - Letter: Withdrawal of medicine from society. PMID- 1109209 TI - Protein intake and treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa. PMID- 1109210 TI - Copper metabolism in the steely-hair syndrome. PMID- 1109211 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 4-1975. PMID- 1109212 TI - Editorial: Consequences of thyroid radiation in children. PMID- 1109213 TI - Editorial: Considerations on the definition of viability. PMID- 1109214 TI - Maternal nutrition--what price? PMID- 1109215 TI - Letter: Calcific cardiomyopathy. PMID- 1109216 TI - Letter: Management of severe digitalis toxicity. PMID- 1109217 TI - Letter: A mechanism of pulmonary-artery perforation by Swan-Ganz catheters. PMID- 1109218 TI - Letter: Cervical venous hums. PMID- 1109219 TI - Letter: Acute hemolytic episodes 37 years apart. PMID- 1109220 TI - Letter: Spur cells in splenectomized patient. PMID- 1109221 TI - Letter: Enzyme-carrier potential of liposomes in enzyme replacement therapy. PMID- 1109222 TI - Letter: Misuse of antibiotics. PMID- 1109223 TI - Letter: Training the ultrasonographer. PMID- 1109224 TI - Letter: "Fat and fancy". PMID- 1109225 TI - Medicine and public affairs. Battle of Bethesda. PMID- 1109226 TI - Spontaneous regression of friend virus induced leukemia: coinfection with regressing and conventional strains of virus. AB - Mixtures of friend virus (CFV) and the regressing strain of friend virus (RFV) induce leukemia which regresses. The dominance of the regressing phenotype is solely a function of a threshold dose of RFV. The minimum amount of RFV which induced regression of CFV leukemia is below the titer for induction of friend disease, but does correlate ith the titer of lymphocytic leukemia (helper) activity in the these stocks. PMID- 1109227 TI - Halogenated hydrocarbons in New Orleans drinking water and blood plasma. AB - Volatile organics from New Orleans drinking water and pooled plasma were collected on a solid phenyl ether polymer and analyzed by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. Thirteen halogenated hydrocarbons were identified in the drinking water. Five halogenated compounds were found in the plasma. Tetrachloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride were found in both the plasma and the drinking water. Considerable variation in the relative concentrations of the halogenated hydrocarbons was noted from day to day in the drinking water. PMID- 1109228 TI - Retrograde amnesia: temporal gradient in very long term memory following electroconvulsive therapy. AB - A newly designed remote memory test has been used to assess the temporal dimension of prolonged retrograde amnesia. Patients given a course of electroconvulsive treatments for relief of depressive illness exhibited a temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia after five treatments. Memories acquired up to about 3 years before treatment were impaired, but memories acquired 4 to 17 yearss before treatment were not affected. The results suggest that the neural substrate of memory gradually changes with the passage of time after learning and that resistance to amnesic treatment can continue to develop for years. PMID- 1109229 TI - Morpholine as olfactory stimulus in fish. PMID- 1109230 TI - Quantitative studies of pinocytosis. I. Kinetics of uptake of (125I)polyvinylpyrrolidone by rat yolk sac cultured in vitro. AB - A method is described for the in vitro culture of 17.5-day rat visceral yolk sac. Tissue survival was good as judged by light and electron microscopy. The rate of pinocytic uptake of 125I-labeled polyvinylpyrrolidone by the tissue was constant both within and between experiments. Within the concentration range 0.15-24 mug/ml, the 125I-labeled polyvinylpyrrolidone neither stimulated nor inhibited pinocytosis. The system offers many advantages in the quantitative study of the physical basis of pinocytosis. PMID- 1109232 TI - Actin associated with membranes from 3T3 mouse fibroblast and HeLa cells. AB - A protein component of membranes isolated from 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and HeLa cells has been identified as actin by peptide mapping. Extensive but apparently not total coincidence was found between the peptide maps of these two nonmuscle membrane-associated actins compared to chick skeletal muscle actin. Between 2 and 4 percent of the total membrane protein appears in the actin band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of 3T3 membranes while about 4 percent of the membrane protein appears as the actin band from HeLa membranes. These values represent approximately the same proportion of actin to total protein found in the cell homogenates. Treatment of intact cells with levels of cytochalasin B sufficient to cause pronounced morphological changes did not change the amount of actin associated with the membrane in either 3T3 or HeLa cells. However, incubation of isolated membranes under conditions favoring conversion of actin from filamentous to monomeric form resulted in dissociation of approximately 80 and 60 percent of the actin from 3T3 and HeLa membranes, respectively. Thus, approximately 20 percent of 3T3 membrane actin and 40 percent of HeLa membrane actin remained associated with the membrane even under actin depolymerizing conditions. PMID- 1109231 TI - Meiotic DNA synthesis during mouse spermatogenesis. AB - The incorporation of radioactivity into various cells in the sequence of spermatogenesis was measured by preparing highly purified spermatozoan nuclei from the cauda epididymidis of mice at daily intervals after injection of (3H)thymidine. The stages of differentiation of these sperm at the time of thymidine administration were calculated from the kinetics of spermatogenesis. The procedure for purification of sperm nuclei included sonication, mechanical shearing, and treatment with trypsin, DNase, Triton X-100, 2M NaC1, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. DNA was isolated from these nuclei by treatment with dithiothreitol and pronase, followed by phenol extraction and ethanol precipitation. The levels of radioactivity in the epididymal sperm head preparations were low (less than 13 dpm/mouse) for 27 days after injection, and then rose dramatically to over 4 times 104 dpm/mouse. Further experiments demonstrated that the 11 dpm of 3H radioactivity contained in sperm heads at 21 or 26 days after injection of (3H)TdR was significantly above background and contamination levels from other cells or other sources. Most of the radioactivity was in the sperm DNA and represented incorporation of tritium from (3H)TdR into the nuclear DNA of meiotic cells at 0.002 percent of the rate of incorporation into S-phase cells. Little, if any, (3H)TdR was incorporation into the DNA of spermatids. The levels of DNA synthesis during the meiotic prophase in the mouse appear to be much lower than those reported for other organisms. PMID- 1109233 TI - Microtubules with 15 subunits in cockroach epidermal cells. AB - Since Ledbetter and Porter (1964) described the 13 subunits which are visible in cross sections of negatively stained plant microtubules, subsequent observations have generally confirmed this number. By using Mizuhira's fixative composed of tannic acid and glutaraldehyde, it is easyto demonstrate the subunits of microtublules without optical reinforcement Cytoplasmic microtubules and sperm axonemes, fixed with Mizuhira's fixtive, similarly show 13 subunits (Mizuhira's and Futaesaku, 1971, 1972; Futaesaky et al., 1972; Tilney et al., 1973). This paper will describe a particular type of microtubule in insect epidermal cells fixed with the above fixative. The number of the subunits is found to be 15 in tranverse sections. PMID- 1109234 TI - Locations of 18S and 28S ribosomal genes on the chromosomes of the Indian muntjac. AB - The locations of genes coding for 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA have been mapped on metaphase chromosomes of the Indian muntjac M. muntjak by in situ hybridization with (3H)rRNA from the toad X. laevis. The results show that, in the muntjac, rDNA clusters are associated with the prominent secondary constrictions on the X and the Y1 chromos. In addition a cluster of rDNA is found near the tip of one arm on the longest pair of autosomes. The autosomal cluster of rDNAs usually does not express as a secondary constriction at metaphase. PMID- 1109235 TI - Cytochemical demonstration of hydrogen peroxide in polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagosomes. AB - Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is accompanied by specific morphological and metabolic events which may result in the killing of internalized micro-organism. Hydrogen peroxide is produced in increased amounts during phagocytosis (17) and in combination with myeloperoxidase and halide ions constitute a potent, microbicidal mechanism (8,9,11). There can be direct iodination of micro-organisms (10), or alternatively, other intermediate reaction products, i.e. chloramines and aldehydes (21), can exert a microbicidal effect. The H2O2-peroxidase-halide system is presumed to operate within the phagocytic vacuole (12,18). Myeloperoxidase, present in the primary granules of PMN, enters the phagocytic vacuole during degranulation (1,4,7), and halide ions are probably derived from the extracellular medium or are present in the PMN (see 11, 18). For the operation of this system in intact cells, the presence of H2O2 in the phagocytic vacuole is necessary, and indeed this has been suggested by the work of several investigators (12, 18, 21). In the present investigation, the diaminobenzidine reaction of Graham and Karnovsky (5), modified to utilize endogenous myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide, has been applied to actively phagocytizing PMN to demonstrate cytochemically the presence of H2O2 in the phagocytic vacuole. PMID- 1109236 TI - Ribosomal RNA metabolism during renal hypertrophy. Evidence of decreased degradation of newly synthesized ribosomal RNA. AB - The degradation rates of kidney rRNA labeled before UNI or sham are unchanged 5 days after the operations (t one-and-a half, 88 h). Therefore, there is no contribution from pre-existing rRNA to the increased amount of rRNA in the stimulated kidney. After labeling with L-(methyl-3H)methionine, the kinetics of incorporation into rRNA precursors, 10-60 min and at the postoperative times of 4, 16, 36, and 96 h. The specific activity of cytoplasmic rRNA after 1-h labeling with L-(methyl-3H)methionine increased occured at 4 or 96 h. Since (a) the rate of degradation of rRNA, (b) the kinetics of incorporation and processing of rRNA precursors, and (c) the rate of RNA synthesis appear unchanged after UNI, the accretion of rRNA must involve decreased degradation of newly synthesized rRNA. PMID- 1109237 TI - Electron probe analysis of calcium transport by small intestine. AB - Calcium transport in small intestine of rat and chick has been studied at the cellular level using the electron probe X-ray microanalyzer. Tissues were examined directly after removal as well as after incubation in a calcium solution. In both preparations, discrete calcium localizations were found associated with intracellular and extracellular goblet cell mucus. The in vitro preparations showed calcium in transit across the absorptive epithelium in discrete localizations. Although the primary path of transport was along lateral cell borders, some localizations were found in the cytoplasm in a supranuclear position. The effect of vitamin D depletion and repletion was to decrease and increase, respectively, the number of calcium localizations in transit across the epithelium. These results suggest that calcium is transported while in a sequestered form and indicate that goblet cell mucus plays a role in this transport process. PMID- 1109238 TI - Left ventricular function in patients with and without myocardial infarction and one, two or three vessel coronary artery disease. AB - Ninety-six patients with chest pain were studied to determine the relation between left ventricular function and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with and without a history of myocardial infarction. Coronary arteriography was performed obtaining cineangiograms (60 frames/sec) and large roll film angiograms (2 to 6 frames/sec) for precise definition of the coronary anatomy. The criteria for diagnosis of myocardial infarction were a typical history, a rise and fall in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels and evolutionary S-T segment changes associated with Q waves of at least 0.03 second. Left ventricular function was assessed by measurement of left ventricular end diastolic pressure and volume, and left ventricular ejection fraction, mass and compliance. Fifteen patients had normal findings; 81 were classified according to number of diseased vessels and presence or absence of myocardial infarction. There were no group differences in age or heart rate. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure was abnormally increased in patients with three vessel disease and myocardial infarction. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume was increased and the ejection fraction was reduced in patients in each vessel disease group with myocardial infarction. Although ejection fraction was reduced in patients with three vessel disease without myocardial infarction, it was further reduced when infarction occurred. Left ventricular mass increased in patients with three vessel disease with or without myocardial infarction. Values for ventricular compliance were reduced in all patients with myocardial infarction and were lower in those with two and three vessel disease and infarction than in those with two and three vessel disease without infarction. These findings suggest that a previous history of myocardial infarction needs to be considered together with anatomic abnormalities of the coronary arteries in assessing cardiac performance in patients with ischemic heart disease, a previous myocardial infarction significantly alters left ventricular performance; the ejection fraction is a more sensitive measurement of left ventricular function than left ventricular end diastolic pressure or volume. PMID- 1109239 TI - Internal mammary arteriovenous malformation with communication to the pulmonary vessels. AB - A 25 year old asymptomatic man with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis presented with a continuous murmur. Selective arteriography revealed a left internal mammary arteriovenous malformation in communication with vessels in the left upper pulmonary lobe. No significant hemodynamic abnormalities were detected. This is the 26th reported case of internal mammary arteriovenous fistula and the 6th with a pulmonary communication. Review of the data in previous cases suggests that surgical indications are limited to symptomatic relief, heart failure during infancy or the possible risk of endarteritis, proximal arterial degeneration or rupture. PMID- 1109240 TI - Progressive pulmonary vascular disease after surgical correction (Mustard procedure) of transposition of great arteries with intact ventricular septum. AB - Severe pulmonary vascular disease developed 1 year after a Mustard operation in a 2 1/3 year old boy with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum. The possible etiologic factors responsible for the development of pulmonary vascular disease are discussed, and it is suggested that this disturbing late postoperative complication may occur more frequently than is recognized. PMID- 1109241 TI - Letter: Right ventricular infarction. PMID- 1109242 TI - Letter: Surgical correction of double outlet right ventricle. PMID- 1109243 TI - Mechanism of the bradycardia during coronary angiography. AB - Bradycardia occurring during coronary angiography may be due to the direct effect of dye or to reflex vagal effects on pacemaker centers. Fifteen patients were classified according to the origin of the sinus nodal and atrioventricular nodal arteries. In patients with type A anatomy, both the sinus and the atrioventricular nodal arteries arose from the right coronary artery. In those with type B anatomy, only the atrioventricular nodal artery arose from the right coronary artery. Heart rate recordings were made during coronary angiography before and after selective infusion of atropine (0.2mg) into the right coronary artery. In type A patients, the sinus bradycardia observed during right coronary dye injection was caused by a combination of both direct and reflex effects on pacemaker tissue. Sinus bradycardia occurring with left coronary dye injections was entirely reflex in nature and was completely blocked with right coronary arterial injection of atropine. In type B patients, sinus bradycardia with right coronary dye injections was produced by reflex suppression of the sinus pacemaker. A junctional rhythm was consistently produced after administration of atropine. Junctional bradycardia in type B patients was caused by direct suppression of the junctional pacemaker. Thus, angiographic dye appears to decrease heart rate by a direct effect on pacemaker tissue and by reflex vagal suppression of the sinus pacemaker. PMID- 1109244 TI - Subendocardial ischemia provoked by tachycardia in conscious dogs with coronary stenosis. AB - We investigated the effect that mild coronary stenosis exerts on the ability of the coronary circulation to compensate for the increased extravascular compression that occurs in the subendocardium during tachycardia. An electromagnetic flowmeter transducer and balloon cuff occluder were implanted on the left circumflex coronary artery in seven dogs, and experiments were performed 1 week later with the dogs under sedation but conscious. Stenosis of the left circumflex artery was produced by partial inflation of the cuff occluder. We determined coronary blood flow distribution by the radioactive microsphere technique, injection 200,000 15mu spheres into the left ventricular cavity during (1) a control period, (2) stenosis of the left circumflex artery and a normal heart rate, and (3) stenosis of the left circumflex artery and tachycardia. When the heart rate was normal, the degree of stenosis used caused no change in myocardial microsphere distribution but eliminated postocclusion reactive hyperemia. Thus, reserve coronary vasodilation compensated for the stenosis. With the degree of stenosis kept constant, an increase in heart rate to 196 beats/min caused a marked transmural shift in distribution of microspheres from subendocardium into subepicardium within the region of the left ventricle supplied by the left circumflex artery. There was no significant transmural shift in the region supplied by the uninvolved left anterior descending coronary artery. Myocardial lactate extraction decreased. These results suggest that when reserve coronary vasodilation has already been utilized to compensate for coronary stenosis, the increased extravascular coronary compression from tachycardia causes subendocardial ischemia and hypoxia. PMID- 1109245 TI - Effects of unipolar cathodal and bipolar stimulation on vulnerability of ischemic ventricles to fibrillation. AB - The effects of unipolar and bipolar stimulation on ventricular fibrillation threshold were studied during acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 13 anesthetized dogs. Values for ventricular fibrillation threshold were determined by delivering trains of rapid bipolar or unipolar pulses (100/sec) during the vulnerable period. The mean threshold value was found to be 13.0 ma for bipolar, 13.9 ma for unipolar anodal and 21.0 ma for unipolar cathodal stimulation. Ventricular fibrillation threshold was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) with both unipolar anodal and bipolar stimulation than with unipolar cathodal stimulation. In these animals, the first premature beats induced by the rapid stimuli occurred significantly earlier with unipolar anodal and bipolar stimulation than with unipolar cathodal stimulation. The effect of competition of unipolar or bipolar pacing stimuli with normally conducted ventricular beats was also studied in a group of 16 dogs. Repeated trials of competitive pacing during coronary occlusion showed that the incidence of ventricular fibrillation was significantly greater (P less 0.05) with bipolar pacing (36 percent) than with unipolar cathodal pacing (15 percent). These results indicate that bipolar pacing is potentially more dangerous than unipolar cathodal pacing and suggest that the incidence of pacemaker-induced ventricular fibrillation might be further reduced by the use of unipolar cathodal stimulation during acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1109246 TI - Double outlet right ventricle (S,D,L) with subaortic ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis. Report of six cases. AB - The clinical, hemodynamic, angiocardiographic and pathologic findings are presented in an infrequent but surgically correctable type of double outlet right ventricle. This study is based on six cases, one with autopsy confirmation. In all, the viscera and atria were in situs solitus (S). A ventricular d-loop was present (D). There was I-malposition of the great arteries, the aorta being to the left of, and anterior to, the pulmonary artery (L). Hence, this anomaly may conveniently be represented as double outlet right ventricle (S,D,L,). The ventricular septal defect to the ventricular septum. A bilateral conus was present beneath both the aortic and pulmonary valves, preventing any semilunar atrioventricular fibrous continuity. The subpulmonary conus was poorly expanded, resulting in pulmonary infundibular and valvular (annular) stenosis. The clinical features were those of cyanosis, clubbing and accentuation of the second heart sound in the pulmonary area (related to aortic valve closure). There was a systolic ejection murmur along the upper left sternal border, related to pulmonary outflow tract stenosis. Selective right and left ventricular angiocardiography was diagnostic. Relatively early surgical correction is suggested to minimize the progression of pulmonary infundibular stenosis and to avoid acquired atresia. In this malformation, pulmonary outflow tract reconstruction is more difficult than in tetralogy of Fallot because of the rather posterior location of the pulmonary outflow tract, and because the right coronary artery crosses the stenotic pulmonary outflow tract in front of the pulmonary valve. PMID- 1109247 TI - Echocardiography in atrioventricular canal defect: a clinical spectrum. AB - Echocardiographic examinations were performed in 30 children with atrioventricular (A-V) canal defect to determine the diagnostic value of recording A-V valve motion. Although a wide spectrum of abnormal movement was observed, four main diagnostic types emerged. Type 1, prolonged mitral-septal approximation during diastole, resulted from anterior displacement of the cleft anterior mitral leaflet. Type 2, the most diagnostic motion, was recorded when the common anterior A-V leaflet traversed the interventricular septum. Type 3 motion reflected posterior displacement of the septal tricuspid leaflet, which appeared to arise from the interventricular septum. Normal posterior diastolic motion of the septal leaflet was never recorded. Type 4, double contour of the mitral valve during systole and marked duplication of the systolic image, corresponded to irregularities in the mitral valve. When these patterns are recorded in a patient with congenital heart disease the diagnosis of A-V canal defect can be made with confidence. PMID- 1109248 TI - Clinical implications of warfarin interactions with five sedatives. AB - The intensity, uniformity and time course of anticoagulant interference by phenobarbital, secobarbital, glutethimide, chloral hydrate and methaqualone were systematically investigated in 16 patients receiving coumarin therapy. Each subject received an individualized fixed daily dose of warfarin and served as his own pre- and postsedative treatment control. Prothrombin times were measured four times weekly during five long-term experiments. Anticoagulant inhibition was observed during the administration of phenobarbital, secobarbital and glutethimide; there was no significant change in prothrombin test results during the trials of chloral hydrate and methaqualone. Barbiturates and glutethimide should not be administered to patients receiving coumarin drugs. The concurrent use of drugs from these groups is decreasing according to a survey of 200 hospital medical records. Chloral hydrate and methaqualone interact pharmacologically with orally administered anticoagulant agents, but the effect is not clinically significant. It is concluded that chloral hydrate and methaqualone may be administered safely without additional caution in prothrombin test monitoring during oral anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 1109249 TI - Hemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis: review of 23 cases. AB - A case of bacterial endocarditis caused by Hemophilus aphrophilus is described, and 22 previously reported cases are reviewed. Eleven patients died and 12 survived; comparison of these two groups reveals that the patients who died were in the older population. The male/female ratio was 3.6:1. The organism was difficult to identify but had a wide range of in vitro bacteriologic sensitivities. This type of endocarditis is frequently associated with emboli and congestive heart failure; each occurred in 9 of 11 fatal cases and 3 of 12 nonfatal cases. Among the nonfatal cases, two patients had both emboli and congestive heart failure, requiring aortic valve replacement despite their precarious clinical condition. Initial drug therapy before results of antibiotic sensitivity tests are known should consist of penicillin combined with streptomycin. When emboli or congestive heart failure appears in Hemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis, early surgical intervention with valve replacement is indicated. PMID- 1109250 TI - Precordial honk due to tricuspid regurgitation. AB - A systolic honk developed in a woman with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. The honk was present only during deep inspiration, disappeared as her cardiovascular status improved, but recurred when her cardiovascular function declined. Further investigation indicated that the honk was the result of tricuspid regurgitation. PMID- 1109251 TI - Primary cardiomyopathy in identical twins. AB - Seventeen year old identical twin brothers with no family history of cardiopathy began experiencing palpitations almost simultaneously. In both, examination revealed marked cardiomegaly and hypokinesia of the ventricular walls, and clinical and radiologic signs of progressive cardiac failure developed a few days later. Both boys died suddenly, 49 days and 5 months, respectively, after the initial examination. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic studies revealed a severe intraventricular conduction disturbance that coincided with histologic changes in the myocardial tissue, including profuse interstitial fibrosis, hypertrophy and degeneration of the myocardial fibers, aberrant arrangement of the muscular fibers and considerable alteration of the structure of cardiac tissue. In the absence of hereditary and chromosomal factors, and excluding possible viral intervention during fetal life, it is believed that a teratogenic factor can produce the structural alterations of the tissue and derangement of the fibers observed in these hearts. The irregular contractions of the heart at the level of the net-like meshwork, disarrangement of myocardial fibers, and adaptative mechanisms of the heart inherent in the destruction of the contractile tissue contributed to the functional cardiac disorders that resulted in congestive heart failure and sudden death in these twins. PMID- 1109252 TI - Editorial: New editorship at the American Journal of Occupational Therapy. PMID- 1109253 TI - The poverty of affluence. PMID- 1109254 TI - The role of the public general hospital in community health: 1974 Rosenhaus Lecture. PMID- 1109255 TI - Health hazard surveillance by industrial workers. PMID- 1109256 TI - Objective criteria for evaluating occupational health programs. AB - An objective scoring system is proposed as a single and flexible method of evaluating occupational health programs to appraise the extent to which existing programs approach a basic standard of excellence as defined by a theoretical model based on published and professionally acceptable guidelines and standards. This proposed system emphasizes the importance of an interdependent relationship between four program components: (1) guiding philosophy and policy; (2) organizational structure; (3) resources; (4) occupational health services, and it stresses the importance of long range health commitments to employee health status in contrasts to short range health commitments aimed primarily at an economic payoff to a sponsoring agency, institution, or company. The proposed evaluation scheme should enable self-evaluation by individual programs. Additionally, programs can utilize this evaluative tool to examine their influence on such important questions as employee hospital utilization and other specific elements of employee health in an objective, relatively simple manner. PMID- 1109257 TI - Family focus. PMID- 1109258 TI - Program planning, evaluation, and the problem of alcoholism. AB - Rational program planning and evaluation has been suggested as a necessary skill. First, a conceptual framework for planning and evaluation was presented and discussed, using the example of preventing alcoholism and providing services and rehabilitation for alcoholics. Second, a case study was presented, which is similar to that used by many professionals in their efforts to plan programs. Finally, some of the marked limitations of the case study were pointed out, when it was projected upon the conceptual framework. PMID- 1109259 TI - Contraceptive technology in controlled reproduction in pets. PMID- 1109260 TI - Experience with a rubella proficiency testing program in New York State, 1971 1974. PMID- 1109262 TI - Upside-down the organization. PMID- 1109261 TI - Editorial: Health and work. PMID- 1109263 TI - Letter: Post-mumps screening. PMID- 1109264 TI - Letter: Serum parameters in hard and soft water communities. PMID- 1109265 TI - Decontamination procedures for skin exposed to phenolic substances. AB - Spraying or swabbing with a mixture of polyethylene glycol 300/industrial methylated spirits (PEG-300/IMS) (2:1 by volume) has been shown to substantially reduce mortality, systemic effects, and skin burns resulting from skin contamination by phenol, cumene hydroperoxide, or phenol/acetone cleavage product. The skin-damaging potentials of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid have also been investigated. PEG-300/IMS(2:1 by volume) mixture was found, in rats, to be slightly less effective than water as means of decontamination. The PEG 300/IMS mixture has been shown not to cause eye irritation, and so should not present a hazard where this mixture is used as a decontaminant spray. PMID- 1109266 TI - Moderate hypoxia exposure and fetal development. AB - Exposure of rabbits to 15.5% oxygen during pregnancy resulted in a 17% decrease of birth weight and a neonatal mortality of 19% as opposed to 1% in the control groups, just corresponding to the effects obtained previously by moderate exposure of pregnant rabbits to carbon monoxide. Since additive effects of hypoxia exposure and carbon monoxide exposure are supposed to occur, it is concluded that women living at a high altitude should be warned particularly about the risk of delivering small babies if they have been smoking during their pregnancy. PMID- 1109267 TI - A syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies associated with teratogenic exposure. AB - A study of 19 patients with multiple congenital anomalies described by the acronym VACTERL (Vertebral, Anal, Cardiac, Tracheoesophageal, Renal, and Limb) revealed exposure at the vulnerable period of embryogenesis to a progestogen/estrogen compound or a progestogen alone in 13 patients. These hormones were taken as a "pregnancy test," and for a variety of other reasons. Comparison of VACTERL patients with paired and matched controls, one group with chromosomal anomalies (other than Down syndrome) and another group with functional murmurs, revealed a significant difference with respect to exposure to hormonal contraceptives. The multiple anomalies of skeletal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal structures recapitulate the systems involved in the thalidomide syndrome, but present a variation of the pattern. Until more definitive data are available it would be prudent to emphasize the need to verify the absence of pregnancy before initiation of oral contraception and to discontinue hormonal agents as tests for pregnancy. PMID- 1109268 TI - Short-term inhalation toxicity of halogenated hydrocarbons: effects on fasting rats. AB - Male rats, fasted overnight (18 hours), and exposed to various materials in inhalation were more sensitive to the hepatotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride, 2-chlorobutadiene, 1,1-dibromoethylene, and 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE). Vinyl chloride monomer and 1,1-difluoroethylene were not acutely hepatotoxic in fed or fasted rats at any concentration tested. Vinyl chloride monomer when administered simultaneously with DCE prevented the injury associated with DCE inhalation in fasted rats. This prevention of injury may be a result of a competitive interaction since the effect was concentration dependent. PMID- 1109269 TI - Hexachlorophene in mice. Effects after long-term percutaneous applications. AB - The toxicity and carcinogenicity of life-time applications of hexachlorophene on the skin of Swiss mice were studied. Twice weekly applications of 0.02 ml of a 50% or 25% solution produced necrosis and ulceration of the skin as well as neurological symptoms and a mortality of up to 22% within two weeks. At autopsy, edema and cystic lesions were seen in the white matter of the central nervous system. The neurological symptoms were reversible, though a proportion of the cystic lesions persisted. Only one skin tumor was seen and the number of tumors of other organs, lymphomas, lung adenomas, liver hemangiomas, and other tumors, was not higher than in the controls. It is concluded from this study that percutaneous application of hexachlorophene has toxic local and systemic effects in mice, but no carcinogenic effects. PMID- 1109270 TI - Effects of ozone and brief exercise on specific airway conductance in man. AB - Four normal male subjects were exposed to 0.9 ppm ozone with exercise for five minutes. Specific airway conductance (Gaw/Vtg) was increased by exercise and decreased by inhalation of ozone in most subjects, but these effects were small. Ozone inhalation with exercise resulted in a highly significant decrease of Gaw/Vtg. It would seem that a peak concentration of 0.9 ppm of ozone for five minutes produces adverse effects when the subject undertakes exxercise in it. PMID- 1109271 TI - Ozone and human blood. AB - Statistically significant changes (P less than .05) were observed in erythrocytes (RBC) and sera of young adult human males following a single short-term exposure to 0.50 ppm ozone (O3) for 2 3/4 hours. The RBC membrane fragility, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities were increased, while RBC acetylcholinesterase (AcChase) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased. The RBC glutathione reductase (GSSRase) activities were not significantly altered. Serum GSSRase activity, however, was significantly decreased while serum vitamin E, and lipid peroxidation levels were significantly increased. These alterations tend to disappear gradually, but were still detectable two weeks following exposure. PMID- 1109272 TI - Hexachlorobenzene contamination: its effects in a Louisiana population. AB - Plasma hexachlorobenzene (HCB) residues in a Louisiana population exposed through the transportation and disposal of chemical waste containing HCB averaged 3.6 plus or minus 4.3 parts per billion (ppb) in a sample of 86 people. The highest level was 345 ppb in a waste disposal facility worker while the highest level in the general population was 23 ppb. There was no evidence of cutaneous porphyria by history or skin examination. Males had significantly higher residues than females (4.71 vs. 2.79 ppb) but there were no age differences. A possible association between HCB residues and coproporphyrin and lactic dehydrogenase was found. Only 2 of 48 meals sampled were positive for HCB. There was a correlation between HCB levels in household dust and plasma levels. Perchloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride production workers had plasma HCB levels of up to 233 ppb. PMID- 1109273 TI - Pesticide containers: their contribution to poisoning. AB - Pesticide containers play an important role in the epidemiology of pesticide poisonings. Investigations of short-term exposures have shown that difficulty in disposal of used containers, inappropriate pesticide paskaging, and lack of safety containers for household products contribute to morbidity. Remedies for some of the container-associated hazards could be achieved under existing laws. PMID- 1109274 TI - The case of the refugee. PMID- 1109275 TI - Editorial: The decline and fall of the inner city. PMID- 1109277 TI - Letter: Is short-fibered abestos dust a biological hazard? PMID- 1109276 TI - Letter: Health and medicine. PMID- 1109278 TI - Letter: Preceptorships in occupational health. PMID- 1109279 TI - Percutaneous penetration and disposition of triclocarban in man: body showering. AB - The percutaneous penetration and metabolic disposition of 14C-3-4,4' trichlorocarbanilide (triclocarban, TCC) after body showering has been determined in man. Single intravenous doses of trace amounts 14C-triclocarban were given to subjects to determine the pharmacologic disposition of the compound before conducting the shower study. Radioactivity was rapidly cleared from blood after intravenous administrations of 14C-triclocarban in propylene glycol with a blood clearance half-life of 8.6 hours. About 54% of the dose was excreted in the feces and 21% of the dose in the urine with a urinary elimination half-life of ten hours. No radioactivity was detected in the saliva. Subjects took a single shower employing a whole body lather with approximately 7 gm of soap containing 2% 14C triclocarban on a soap basis. Special blood withdrawal and urinary/fecal collection techniques were utilized that minimized contamination of samples by extraneous 14C-triclocarban. About 0.23% of the applied radioactive dose was recovered in the feces after six days and 0.16% of the dose in the urine after two days. At all sampling times blood levels of radioactivity were below the detection limit of the method (10 part per billion). PMID- 1109280 TI - [Furosemide in the hypernatremia of infants dehydrated by acute gastroenteritis]. PMID- 1109281 TI - [Seconardy early cataract and corticotherapy]. PMID- 1109282 TI - [On the weight of organs in the Mexican newborn small for its gestational age]. PMID- 1109283 TI - [Disordered secretion of antidiuretic hormone in central nervous system infections]. PMID- 1109284 TI - [Importance of the transport of the high risk newborn infant]. PMID- 1109285 TI - [The teaching of pediatrics at the licensure level. Pregraduation]. PMID- 1109286 TI - [Physiological varus of the pelvic extremities in children initiating walking]. PMID- 1109287 TI - [Program of bacteriological control in the Hospital de Pediatria del Centro Medico Nacional del Instituto Mexicano del Serguro Social]. PMID- 1109288 TI - [Acute gastroduodenal ulcer. Anatomo-clinical study of 54 cases]. PMID- 1109289 TI - [Determination of the deficient factor in hemophilic patients]. PMID- 1109290 TI - [Eye manifestations of leukemia]. PMID- 1109291 TI - [Diagnostic value of ganglional biopsy in pediatrics]. PMID- 1109293 TI - Afferents to prefrontal cortex from the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus in the rhesus monkey. AB - Thalamic afferents to Macaque prefrontal cortex from the mediodorsal nucleus were examined by techniques specific for anterograde degeneration and axoplasmic transport. The sampling procedure employed permits establishing the extent of topographic projections to cortex from subcortical foci for the same brain which was surveyed subsequently in tracing specific neuronal connections by electron microscopy. Topographic and general laminar distribution of thalamic terminals are presented in terms of 3 subareas of prefrontal cortex. The dorsolateral and ventral (orbital) surfaces of prefrontal cortex receive respectively projections from the lateral and medial subdivision of the mediodorsal nucleus. In addition, the medial wall of the frontal lobe, including the dorsomedial part of the lateral convexity, heretofore regarded as athalamic, receives input from the caudal-dorsomedial aspect of the mediodorsal nucleus. Preliminary evidence suggests that axons from the mediodorsal nucleus terminate in the head of caudate nucleus, as Sachs-81 described 65 years ago in the first orthograde study of thalamo-prefrontal cortex connections. PMID- 1109292 TI - [Injuries to tracheal cartilage produced during 3 different technics for fixation of the trachea during tracheotomy]. PMID- 1109294 TI - Reexamination of the force relationship of cortical cell discharge patterns with conditioned wrist movements. AB - Single unit recordings were obtained from 103 precentral cortical cells whose activity was related to an alternate wrist flexion-extension task in monkeys. Although the task was carried out under different loads only a weak relationship between cortical cell firing rates and static force levels was observed for force in one direction. A large change in firing rate occurred, however, when direction of force shifted as a result of a change in the predominant activity between extensor and flexor muscles. The firing patterns of the observed cortical cells suggest that the motor cortex is involved in specifying the muscles to be activated for a given movement and not the level of force to be produced by these muscles. During the dynamic phase of the movement little change in cortical cell firing pattern was observed for large changes in the rate of change of force. Motor cortex cell firing patterns appear to be unrelated to the large values of rate of change of force seen in this experiment. PMID- 1109295 TI - Postnatal maturation of the cochlear neclei in the cat: a neurophysiological study. AB - The study of the postnatal maturation of the ventral cochlear nuclei (VCN) and the dorsal cochlear nuclei (DCN) was carried out on the cat by means of recordings of the extra-cellular neuronal activity. At birth it is already possible to obtain toneburst responses in the VCN and DCN. At this age the responses are characterised by a small number of spikes grouped in three bursts when the tone-bursts lasted 500 msec. Subsequently, the number of bursts increases until, from 9 or 10 days onwards the responses become sustained. These responses do not acquire their adult characteristics until more than a month after birth. During postnatal maturation of the cochlear nuclei, the VCN is distinguishable from the DCN by the greater number of units revealing spontaneous activity. Another criterion, such as latency, differentiates the VCN from the DCN from the point of view of the kinetics of maturation. PMID- 1109296 TI - The effect of undernutrition in early life on cell generation in the rat brain. AB - In undernourished rats aged up to 21 days, the DNA synthesis period in dividing cells of the subependymal and external granular layers is consistently and markedly prolonged, while rates of cell production from these layers are only slightly altered. Cell cycle times are unchanged up to the end of the first week of life and prolonged from day 12. The G1 phase is markedly shortened at 1, 6 and 12 days of age. It would appear that, in comparison with controls, disappearance of the external granular layer is delayed, and cell numbers in both germinal layers may be reduced. PMID- 1109297 TI - Motor co-ordination and cerebellar size in adult rats undernourished in early life. AB - The male progeny of mother rats which had been undernourished during most of gestation and all of lactation were divided into two groups when weaned at 25 days. One group was nutritionally rehabilitated (G-L-) while the other was underfed for a further 9 weeks (G-L-W-) before nutritional rehabilitation. Despite this further undernutrition the G-L-W- rats eventually caught up in both body and brain weight with the G-L- group. Compared with control rats of the same age that had been well fed throughout life, the G-L- and G-L-W- animals had permanent deficits in body and regional brain weights. At 36 weeks rats were given two tests of motor co-ordination. They were required (a) to run backwards on a revolving drum and (b) to cross a chasm bridged by a ladder or parallel rods for a food reward. Both previously undernourished groups did consistently worse than controls of the same age or of similar body weight on two measures of co ordination: falls from the revolving drum and stumbles on the bridge-crossing test. It is postulated that these differences indicate impaired cerebellar function in the prevously undernourished rats. PMID- 1109298 TI - Histamine synthesis in the developing rat brain: evidence for a multiple compartmentation. AB - Subcellular fractionation techniques, radio-labeling by the 3H-precursor and pharmacological approach applied to the developing rat indicate the presence of at least two types of histamine-containing cells in brain. The presence of the histamine synthesizing enzyme in neurons is suggested by its developmental pattern: there is a 4- to 5-fold increase in enzyme activity from birth to adulthood, with a time-course paralleling the synaptogenesis in whole brain as well as in the 4 regions studied (medulla-pons, midbrain, hypothalamus and forebrain). As is the case for different transmitter synthesizing enzymes such as tyrosine hydroxylase, there is a shift in the subcellular distribution of histidine decarboxylase (H.D.) activity from the soluble fraction at birth to the synaptosomal fraction in the adult brain. On the other hand, several lines of evidence indicates that a portion of histamine is localized, at least in the noenatal rat brain, in mast cells: (a) the high level of histamine in the neonatal rat brain is, like in peripheral mast-cells, associated with a low enzyme activity; (b) the half-life of [3H]histidine injected s.c. at birth was about 4 days, a value close to that found in skin (a tissue rich in mast cells), but contrasting with that in adult brain (less than 1 h); (c) after subcellular fractionation, the endogenously formed [3H]histamine was recovered in the crude nuclear fraction as was the amine from peritoneal mast cells added to the brain homogenate; (d) the mast cell degranulators, compound 48/80 and polymyxin B, induce a small but significant release of the amine from incubated neonatal brain slices. Thus it appears that cerebral histamine is localized in at least two cell types. Its presence in neurons is compatible with a neurotransmitter function and its release from mast cells might represent some primitive form of cell-to-cell communication. PMID- 1109299 TI - Effects of low temperatures on microtubules in the non-myelinated axons of post ganglionic sympathetic nerves. AB - The effect of temperature changes on the number of microtubules in non-myelinated axons has been studied in cat inferior mesenteric ganglion/hypogastric nerve preparations incubated at various temperatures in Eagles minimal essential tissue culture medium in vitro. At 37 degrees C the non-myelinated axons contained 28.4 plus or minus 0.8 S.E.M. (54) microtubules per axon. After incubation at 0 degrees C for 4 h this number fell to 2.3 plus or minus 0.1 S.E.M. (41) but returned to normal levels when the nerves were rewarmed. This loss of microtubules on cooling the nerves and their reappearance on rewarming was a rapid process; it was independent of the influence of the nueronal cell body and of protein synthesis within the axon. The preservation of the microtubules was improved when D2O was present in the incubation medium. Reformed microtubules appeared to function normally with respect to their possible role in the transport of noradrenaline storage vesicles along the axons. PMID- 1109300 TI - Effect of steroid competition and time on the uptake of (3H)corticosterone in the rat brain; an autoradiographic study. AB - The localization of [3H]corticosterone in the brain and pituitary of the adrenalectomized rat was studied by autoradiography. Corticosterone was concentrated preferentially by neurons in the hippocampus, septum, amygdala, and neocortex, with the hippocampal and septal neurons having the greatest concentration. [3H]-Corticosterone localization was significantly greater in neurons from adrenalectomized animals. Administration of unlabeled corticosterone (3 mg) 30 min before injection with [3H]corticosterone significantly decreased cellular localization of the labeled corticosterone, whereas [3H]corticosterone localization was not affected by progesterone pretreatment. Animals were sacrificed 15, 30 and 120 min after the injection of [3H]corticosterone to study the distribution of the hormone over the cytoplasm and nuclei. Silver grains were localized primarily over the cytoplasm of the concentrating neurons 15 min after injection; however, by 30 min after injection they were evenly distributed over both nuclei and cytoplasm. PMID- 1109301 TI - Differential effects of the optical isomers of amphetamine on neuronal activity in the reticular formation and caudate nucleus of the rat. AB - The activity of neurons in the caudate nucleus and reticular formation was recorded following intraperitoneal injection of the optical isomers of amphetamine. In general, D-amphetamine sulfate (2.0 mg/kg) produced an initial increase in firing rate of neurons in the caudate nucleus approximately 8-10 min following intraperitoneal injection, and a subsequent depression of firing rat which lasted for a period of time of from 70 to 120 min. Similar injections of L amphetamine sulfate produced only a depression of activity in the caudate nucleus which was less marked and of lesser duration. Mephentermine sulfate (6.0 mg/kg), a peripheral sympathomimetic, did not produce these effects. Both D-amphetamine and L-amphetamine sulfate at the same dose produced an increase in firing rate of neurons in the reticular formation, although that produced by the L-isomer was less marked and of lesser duration. Mephentermine sulfate also produced an increase in reticular formation neuronal activity comparable to that produced by L-amphetamine sulfate. In some cases, neuronal activity was held for prolonged periods of time following injection. In the caudate nucleus, a rebound increase in firing rate was observed following the marked depression produced by both isomers of amphetamine. A rebound depression of activity was observed in the reticular formation following the initial increase in neuronal activity produced by these drugs. The results are discussed in terms of the known biochemical and behavioral effects of the stereoisomers of amphetamine. PMID- 1109302 TI - [Relationships between ponto-geniculo-occipital (pgo) activity and ocular movements in reserpinised anaesthetised cat (author's transl)]. PMID- 1109303 TI - Synaptosomal plasma membrane glycoproteins: fractionation by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A. AB - Synaptosomal plasma membrane glycoproteins were solubilized in 0.08% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and separated by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A Sepharose. Three fractions were obtained. Fraction CO (unadsorbed) contained 63% of the protein, but only 23% of the sugar and was rich in fucose, galactose and N acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) relative to the other sugars. Many proteins were detected in this fraction by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but only on band stained well for carbohydrate. Fraction CR (retarded) contained glycoproteins which reacted weakly with concanavalin A and stained poorly with periodic acid Schiff reagent (PAS). There was no enrichment in total sugar/mg protein relative to the original fraction, but there was a marked enrichment in N-acetyl glucosamine and NANA relative to the other sugars. The protein profile of this faction was complex, but only one major PAS-positive band was detected. However, most, if not all, the proteins seemed to be weakly PAS-positive. Fraction C1 (adsorbed) was markedly enriched (5-fold) in sugar/mg protein, particularly in mannose and N-acetyl-glucosamine. It had a relatively simple protein profile, and most of the protwin bands stained well with the PAS reaction. Glucose was detected in the initial fraction, and in all the subfractions, but it could not be shown definitely to be either a contaminant or an intrinsic constituent of synaptosomal plasma membrane (SPM) glycoproteins. Minor sugars, if present, could, at most, account for less than 0.25% of the carbohydrate. PMID- 1109304 TI - Drug administration times should be reexamined! PMID- 1109305 TI - An experiment with the ladder concept. PMID- 1109306 TI - Nursing in the sky. PMID- 1109307 TI - What do nurses do to help patients who attempt suicide? PMID- 1109308 TI - A nutrition course for nurses. PMID- 1109309 TI - Nursing grand rounds. PMID- 1109310 TI - Products festival. PMID- 1109311 TI - A study of the dynamic relations between the mitral valve echogram and phasic mitral flow. AB - Echocardiographically recorded mitral valve motion was compared with phasic transmitral flow in 17 open chest dogs. The normal mitral valve opening started with the onset of mitral flow and reached its full excursion while flow was still accelerating. Complete valve opening occurred .044 sec (plus or minus .002 sem) before peak flow, during which time an average of 17.6 percent of total mitral filling volume had passed through the valve. In contrast to the opening movement, the closing motion of the anterior mitral valve cusp lagged behind the deceleration of mitral flow. The E-F phase of the mitral valve echogram started while mitral flow was still increasing and resulted from a combined posterior motion of the cusp and the ring. The E-F slope of the normal valve was found to decrease with reduced cardiac output. The amplitude of the anterior cusp excursion did not reflect the amount of mitral flow. Prolonged P-R interval may induce a mid-diastolic reversal of mitral flow which, in turn, may be accompanied by partial or complete valve closure, occurring before the onset of ventricular contraction. Such premature closure of the mitral valve may be accompanied by a certain amount of regurgitant flow. PMID- 1109312 TI - Systolic time intervals by echocardiography. AB - Technical difficulties in recording phonocardiogram or indirect carotid pulse occasionally preclude determination of the systolic time intervals. Accordingly, an alternative method was tested in 52 patients, using high-speed strip chart recording of the aortic valve echocardiogram. Satisfactory records were obtained in 36. The interval from opening to closing of the aortic valve (ejection time) was subtracted from the interval between the Q wave of the electrocardiogram and the closing of the aortic valve (total electromechanical systole) to provide the pre-ejection period. When these intervals and the pre-ejection period/ejection time ratio were compared to corresponding values obtained by conventional methods from the simultaneously recorded phonocardiograms and indirect carotid pulses, a high degree of correlation (r greater than 0.97) was found. Differences between the two methods for each interval were insignificant, being greatest in the case of the ejection time but never exceeding 16 msec. These findings indicate that the echocardiogram of the aortic valve provides an alternative, noninvasive method for determination of the systolic time intervals whenever the usual methods fail. PMID- 1109313 TI - Prognosis in coronary artery disease. Angiographic, hemodynamic, and clinical factors. AB - Evaluation of the results of surgery for coronary artery disease requires a knowledge of the clinical course of patients not having this mode of treatment. To obtain such information we performed a retrospective analysis of the fate of 266 patients with arteriographically documented significant stenosis following from one to ten years. For the entire group the five year survival was 73%. Subdivided into single, double or triple vessel disease categories the percent five year survival rates were respectively 92, 65 and 55. A history of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction prior to angiography did not affect survival. However, hypertension, congestive heart failure, abnormal hemodynamics or left ventricular asynergy were all associated with a diminished five year survival, the values being respectively 61%, 38%, 62% and 58%. These results should be of VALUE IN ASSESSING THE PROGNOSIS OF NONSURGICALLY TREATED PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. PMID- 1109314 TI - Mechanism of normal splitting of the second heart sound. AB - The mode of inspiratory augmentation (1A) of the A2-P2 interval was investigated in seven normal volunteers (group 1) and six patients with pulmonary hypertension of diverse etiology (group 2) using catheter-tip micromanometers. In group 1 subjects, inspiratory widening of this interval was found to average 27.2 msec, of which 7.6 plus or minus 2.7 msec (1 sd) or 27 plus or minus 7% was due to a decrease in the Q-A2 interval. The major contribution of Q-P2 interval prolongation was divided into two components: a) Q-O was measured from the onset of the QRS to the onset of the rapid descent of the right ventricular (RV) negative dp/dt, which was felt to reflect the duration of RV electromechanical systole, b) O-P2 or Q-P2 - Q-O. Increase in the Q-O interval accounted for only 7.7 plus or minus 5.0 msec or 28 plus or minus 12% of the total IA. The major single component of IA was the increase in O-P2 which averaged 11.9 plus or minus 3.0 msec. Five of six group 2 patients demonstrated significant respiratory change in Q-P2 intervals. In contrast to group 1 subjects, however, this was accomplished primarily via increases in the duration of RV electromechanical systole. The O-P2 interval is felt to primarily reflect the impedance characteristics of the pulmonary vascular bed. It is concluded that physiologic splitting of the second heart sound in normal subjects is most probably due to an inspiratory decrease in impedance of the pulmonary bed rather than the traditional explanation of prolongation of RV systole secondary to an increase in venous return. When the normal impedance characteristics of this bed are lost, as in pulmonary hypertension, IA must occur primarily via increases in the duration of RV systole. The inspiratory delay from the conclusion of RV systole to the occurrence of P2 is attributed to the inertiance of the RV stroke mass. PMID- 1109315 TI - Postural changes in left ventricular and mitral valvular dynamics in the systolic click - late systolic murmur syndrome. AB - Marked changes in the auscultatory pattern with posture have been noted in patients with mid-systolic clicks and/or late systolic murmurs (MSC-LSM). MSC tend to move earlier in systole and LSM become longer and often louder when patients assume upright posture. Systolic prolapse of the mitral leaflets with mild regurgitation account for MSC-LSM; earlier and greater prolapse with more and prolonged regurgitation associated with a reduced left ventricular volume (LVV) in the upright position would explain the auscultatory changes. Twenty-two patients with MSC-LSM were studied supine and at 45 degrees head-up tilt, recording intracardiac pressures, cardiac outputs, systolic time intervals, and performing LV cineangiography. Systolic prolapse of one or both mitral leaflets was demonstrated in all patients. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes both decreased significantly at 45 degrees in all sixteen technically satisfactory studies. Greater mitral prolapse was noted upright in 12 of 14 studies with enough sinus beats to judge. The amount of mitral regurgitation was mild in all, and changes in amount from supine to upright posture could not be discerned angiographically. THE FINDINGS, SUGGEST THAT THE AUSCULTATORY CHANGES OCCURRING WITH UPRIGHT POSTURE IN PATIENTS WITH MSC-LSM are related to greater prolapse of the mitral leaflets which is associated with a small LVV in the upright position. PMID- 1109316 TI - Bacterial endocarditis in subjects 60 years of age and older. AB - Forty-two cases of bacterial endocarditis with pathologic confirmation are reviewed. Infection was restricted to one or both left-sided valves in 31 cases, right-sided valves in five cases, and valves in both sides of the heart in six cases. In those specimens available for review, underlying valvular disease was identifiable in 24 of 38 cases (63%). The common underlying diseases, in order of decreasing frequency, were calcified or otherwise deformed aortic valves (11 cases) and rheumatic fibrosis of the mitral valve (eight cases). The floppy mitral valve was the underlying condition in two cases and amyloid infiltration of the tricuspid valve in one. Among the 34 cases from which a specific organism was identified, the dominant organisms were Staphylococcus (14 cases) and various types of Streptococci(ten cases). Fungi were the causative organisms in two cases. The clinical suspicion for the presence of bacterial endocarditis was low (40% of 40 cases with adequate data). In those cases with adequate data, murmurs were present in 68% and fever in 93%. Of those patients with fever, clinical diagnosis was made or suspected in only 38%. When a murmur was present, the clinical diagnosis was made or suspected in 54% of the cases, while when a murmur was absent the disease was suspected in only 9% of the cases. The clinical diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis in older subjects depends upon 1) knowledge that the disease may occur in such subjects and 2) recognition that, although fever is commonly present, murmurs may be absent. PMID- 1109317 TI - The abnormal left hilum. PMID- 1109318 TI - Visualization and measurement of the main bronchi by tomography as an objective indicator of thoracic situs in congenital heart disease. AB - When investigating complex congenital heart disease, determination of atrial situs is essential. Pathological studies have demonstrated that the best predictor of atrial situs is thoracic situs. To assess thoracic situs, bronchial tomography was performed in 92 patients with congenital heart disease. Sixty-four of these, without abnormalities of situs or cardiac position, formed 'normal' controls. The lengths of the left and right main bronchi were measured. When these were related to age, and the results analyzed statistically, linear discriminant equations resulted giving a chance of only 0.09% of misclassifying a bronchus of unknown morphology. The lowest ratio between bronchial lengths (BLR) in any individual was 1.71:1. These results were then used to assess thoracic situs in 17 patients with abnormal situs or CARDIAC POSITION. In 7 (2 with situs inversus), abdominal and thoracic situs agreed. Of 6 patients with bilateral left lung, 3 had an interrupted inferior vena cava. Of 4 patients with presumptive asplenia, 2 had bilateral right lung, but two had thoracic lateralization, one solitus and one inversus. The highest BLR in thoracic isomerism was 1.4:1. This emphasizes the complex interrelation of splenic status, thoracic, and abdominal situs, but demonstrates the value of bronchial measurement particularly in apparent situs indeterminatus. PMID- 1109319 TI - Return of normal conduction after paroxysmal heart block. Report of a case with major discordance of electrophysiological and pathological findings. AB - This report describes a 52-year-old male with paroxysmal heart block as well as left and right bundle branch block, resulting in Stokes-Adams attacks. The patient experienced a return to 1:1 atrioventricular (A-V) conduction with narrow QRS within 48 hours of the attacks and heart block never recurred. Electrophysiological studies three weeks later revealed a narrow QRS, a normal H V interval (36 msec), 1:1 A-V conduction up to an atrial paced rate of 210 beats/min, and normal refractory periods with atrial extrastimulus techniques (His-Purkinje system refractory periods less than 370 msec). The patient died from a cerebral embolus incurred during diagnostic left heart catheterization two days after electrophysiological studies. Postmortem examination revealed calcific aortic stenosis with calcific impingement upon the pars membranacea resulting in compression of the distal His bundle and marked disruption of the proximal portions of both bundle branches. This report documents a major limitation of electrophysiological studies, this limitation being that these studies may be totally normal on one occasion in a patient with pathologically significant chronic conduction disease, which may become clinically manifest on another occasion. PMID- 1109320 TI - Transposition of the great arteries. Results of treatment with early palliation and late intracardiac repair. AB - A longitudinal study was made of 62 patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries. The patients were managed with balloon atrial septostomy (BAS), palliative surgery if any operation was needed in the first year of life, and Mustard intra-atrial baffle repair after one year of age. Of the 47 patients with intact ventricular septum (IVS) treated in this manner, 41 (87 percent) were living at three months of age, 36 (77 percent) at one year, and 31 (66 percent) at two years of age. Survival rates were lower at each age for patients with associated ventricular septal defect (VSD). In relation to therapeutic interventions in the 62 patients, there were six medical deaths within one week of BAS, three deaths during palliative operations, and eight deaths associated with 31 Mustard procedures. Three patients with IVS and five with VSD developed pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, and two patients suffered strokes. In view of the relatively low mortality rate after the neonatal period and our good results with palliative surgery, we continue to defer the Mustard procedure to the second year of life. This is in contrast to the policy of some centers which now advocate elective intracardiac repair in the first year of life. PMID- 1109321 TI - Problems in the recognition of conduction disturbances in the His bundle. AB - Two cases with conduction disturbances in the His bundle are described. In each it was not possible to obtain both components, H and H', of the "split" His bundle potential at one time from a single bipolar electrode catheter with an interelectrode distance of 10 mm. Initial failure to record the proximal His component (H) let to the incorrect diagnosis of block located within the atrioventricular (A-V) node, of third degree, in patient A, and of first to second degree in patient B. However, careful withdrawal of the catheter resulted in the appearance of proximal components (H), accompanied by disappearance of the distal components (H') of the His bundle potential. Apparently the lesion in the His bundle and the recording electrodes were spatially related in such a way that the bipolar electrode could not override the lesion. In view of these findings it is advocated that in patients the A-V conduction disturbances the His bundle catheter should be withdrawn carefully, if the initial recording reveals His bundle potentials bearing a time relation to the ventricular complexes, or advanced carefully, if these His potentials are related to the atrial activations, in order to demonstrate the (co)existence of a lesion in the His bundle. Search for a proximal His potential by withdrawal of the catheter should be done, if possible, while the atrium is paced at a rate in excess of the spontaneous sinus rate since the H potential may be obscured by the atrial complex if the A-V nodal transmission time is short at the spontaneous rate, as was the case with patient A. In patient B the not yet described phenomenon of bradycardia-dependent block within the His bundle was observed. PMID- 1109322 TI - Analysis of re-entry mechanisms in the three patients with concealed Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Three patients with recurring attacks of supraventricular tachycardia and no electrocardiographic evidence of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW syndrome) were studied using intracardiac recordings and atrial stimulation. The findings are interpreted as evidence of a concealed WPW syndrome. In all patients there was antegrade block of the anomalous atrioventricular (A-V) pathway while retrograde conduction was unimpaired and allowed the initiation of the observed reciprocating tachycardias. The diagnosis was based on the assumption that the ventricular myocardium was an essential link in the re-entry circuit. The three most important findings to support this assumption are: 1) retrograde conduction time, measured by the Q-A' interval (Q in ECG to atrial echo), and the rate of tachycardia were dependent on the mode of intraventricular conduction: 2) the first Q-A' interval of the tachycardia was independent of the A-H interval (initiation of atrial impulse to first activation of the His bundle) of the initiating premature atrial depolarization (PAD); 3) there was retrograde conduction following a ventricular premature beat during tachycardia at a time when the A-V node and/or the bundle of His would be refractory. PMID- 1109323 TI - Echocardiographic analysis of mitral valve motion after acute myocardial infarction. AB - To examine the effects of acute myocardial infarction on mitral valve diastolic velocity, echocardiograms were performed in 18 patients on admission, daily in the Coronary Care Unit, and at 3-day intervals during the remainder of hospitalization. These patients were divided into three groups based on the time interval between onset of symptoms and initial echocardiogram. Five of six patients admitted within 5 hours of onset of myocardial infarction had a triphasic response of mitral valve diastolic velocity with a transient rise above initial values, followed by a fall to below initial values, and then a slow rise during recovery. Seven of eight patients admitted 1-2 days after onset of myocardial infarction had a biphasic response, i.e., a fall from initial values and then a slow rise. Four patients admitted later in the course of myocardial infarction had a monophasic response, i.e. low initial velocity followed by a slow recovery. We conclude that in patients with myocardial infarction the mitral valve diastolic velocity following myocardial infarction shows a triphasic response which may appear biphasic or monophasic depending on the interval between myocardial infarction and admission. The temporal pattern of mitral valve diastolic velocity changes may reflect the dynamic alterations of myocardial function and compliance that are occurring after acute myocardial infarction and during the recovery period. PMID- 1109324 TI - The echocardiogram of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Correlation with hemodynamic and cineroentgenographic studies in dogs. AB - The echocardiogram of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (ECHO) was compared to hemodynamic and cineroentgenographic data to evaluate its accuracy in timing mitral valve (MV) opening and closure, and to validate it as an indicator of MV motion. The ECHO, high speed cineroentgenography at 250 frames/sec, and/or measurement of intracardiac pressures allowed accurate timing of the events of MV motion in dogs on right heart bypass. The intersection of left ventricular and left atrial pressures in early diastole preceded the onset of rapid anterior motion of ECHO (D' point) by 17 to 33 plus or minus 7.6 msec; r equals 0.98. The onset of left ventricular systole occurred before the termination of final rapid posterior motion of the ECHO in end diastole (Co point) by 25 plus or minus 10 msec; r equals 0.96. Radiopaque clips were attached to the free edges of both leaflets of the MV. Cineroentgenographically determined plots of clip distance from the ultrasound transducer were morphologically similar to the simultaneously recorded ECHO. A delay of 23 plus or minus 3 (0 to 40) msec was observed in the ECHO peaks of diastolic anterior excursion compared to clip motion. Contrast medium advances beyond the free edges of MV leaflets mixing with left ventricular blood 43 plus or minus 3 msec after initial separation. These cineroentgenographic studies elucidate nonuniformity of leaflet motion responsible for ECHO delays. Thus, ECHO D' and Co correlate well with hemodynamic indicators of MV opening and closure. However, ECHO motion, although qualitatively similar, is unpredictably delayed compared to cineroentgenography of clips on the MV free edge. Since the ECHO correlates well with hemodynamic indices of MV opening and closure, this noninvasive technique can be used as a reference in the timing of intracardiac events and in the determination of systolic and diastolic time intervals. PMID- 1109325 TI - The echocardiographic determination of mitral valve opening and closure. Correlation with hemodynamic studies in man. AB - The ability of the echocardiogram to define mitral valve opening and closure was assessed by simultaneously recording the echocardiogram of the anterior leaflet (ECHO) with intracardiac pressures, aortic second sound, and ECG on 38 occasions in 14 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Hemodynamic opening and closure were defined by intersection of the pulmonary wedge and left ventricular pressures and the onset of left ventricular systole. The onset of the most rapid anterior motion (D') in early diastole and termination of the last rapid posterior movement in end diastole (Co) were used as echocardiographic markers of mitral valve opening and closure. Intervals measured included: the isovolumic relaxation period (IRP) from A2 to either hemodynamic (IRPH) or echocardiographic (IRPE) opening; the Q to closure interval (QCI) from the Q wave to either hemodynamic (QCIH) or echocardiographic (QCIE) closure; and diastolic filling period (DFP), either hemodynamic (DFPH) or echocardiographic (DFPE). The following significant (P less than .01) regression equations resulted: IRPE equals (.97) IRPH plus 30 (sem plus or minus 8 msec) r equals .89; QCIE equals (.68) QCIH plus 37 (sem plus or minus 7 msec) r equals .71; DEPE equals (.98) DFPH plus 10 (sem plus or minus 18 msec) r equals .98. Thus hemodynamic markers of opening and closure systematically precede echocardiographic markers of opening (D') and closure (Co) and the diastolic filling periods are equal within 10 msec. It is concluded that the echocardiogram of the anterior leaflet is a reliable indicator of hemodynamic markers of opening and closure of the mitral valve in man and is useful in the noninvasive determination of certain systolic and diastolic time intervals. PMID- 1109326 TI - Correlation of Gm allotype, antibody response, and mortality. PMID- 1109327 TI - Health advocacy: a need, a concept, a model. PMID- 1109329 TI - Will the real advocate for the retarded please stand up? PMID- 1109328 TI - The five-day week: an alternate model in residential treatment centers. PMID- 1109330 TI - Editorial: On child welfare as a service system. PMID- 1109331 TI - Five-day foster care. PMID- 1109332 TI - Ipsilateral corticospinal projections after large lesions of the cerebral hemisphere in neonatal rats. PMID- 1109333 TI - Some electrophysiological properties of isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles from normal and genetically-dystrophic hamsters. PMID- 1109334 TI - Ionic mechanisms of the depolarization shift in thin hippocampal slices. PMID- 1109335 TI - Effects of spinal transection in neonatal and weanling rats: survival of function. PMID- 1109336 TI - Deafferentation in monkeys: pointing at a target without visual feedback. PMID- 1109337 TI - Enzyme changes after undercutting of cerebral cortex in the rat. PMID- 1109338 TI - Priming for audiogenic seizures in BALB/c mice as a function of stimulus exposure duration and intensity. PMID- 1109339 TI - Quantitative analysis of unit response patterns in cat visual cortex. PMID- 1109340 TI - Contractile activation, inactivation and repriming in denervated short scale muscles of the garter snake. PMID- 1109341 TI - Monocular pattern discrimination in rabbits after unilateral ablation of the visual cortex. PMID- 1109342 TI - Potentiation of the central nervous system effects of DOPA by decarboxylase inhibition: possible direct role of this neuroamino acid in brain mechanisms. PMID- 1109343 TI - Prolonged gestation and cerebellar development in the rat. PMID- 1109344 TI - Effects of pharmacological agents on subcortical resistance shifts. PMID- 1109345 TI - The isometric responses of fast and slow twitch muscles from normal and genetically dystrophic hamsters. PMID- 1109346 TI - Editorial: An international cause. PMID- 1109347 TI - Senso-neural hearing loss as an expression of atherosclerosis in young people. PMID- 1109348 TI - Rupture-separation of the cervical trachea from the esophagus. PMID- 1109349 TI - Westmore Bros. launch paramedical makeup service. PMID- 1109350 TI - Malignancies of the palatine tonsils. PMID- 1109351 TI - Aspects of venous drainage and tissue fluid dynamics in the eye. PMID- 1109352 TI - Possible efficacy of treatment of frostbite of the ears with flurandrenolide ointment: a preliminary report. PMID- 1109353 TI - Unusual presentation of a frontal mucocoele. PMID- 1109354 TI - Procaine HCl (Gerovital H3): a weak, reversible, fully competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. AB - A specially stabilized form of procaine hydrochloride (Gerovital H3) has been shown to be a more potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase than procaine HCl itself and a weaker inhibitor of this enzyme than iproniazid. This preparation was studied to determine its mode of interaction with monoamine oxidase using purified rat brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase as the enzyme source. Reaction velocities were determined spectrophotometrically by quantitating the rate of appearance of 4-hydroxyquinoline from kynuramine. Dilutional studies comparing the mechanism of inhibition of monoamine oxidase produced by Gerovital H3 and by ipronizid demonstrated that Gerovital H3 was a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Analysis of studies using Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots revealed that Gerovital H3 was a fully competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. That Gerovital H3 is a weak, reversible, competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase may explain the absence of adverse reactions associated with the clinical use of Gerovital H3 as compared to the severe adverse reactions that have been associated with the use of irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors. PMID- 1109355 TI - Implications of aging research for society. PMID- 1109356 TI - Restricted replicative life-span of diabetic fibroblasts in vitro: its relation to microangiopathy. AB - The finding that diabetic microangiopathy is caused by accumulation of multiple layers of basal lamina and experiments in which similar basal lamina layering is produced when new cell generations repopulate preexisting basal lamina scaffolding (from which previous cell generations have shed) indicate, that the rates of cell death and cell replenishment are accelerated in diabetics. Because the lesions are focal and regional and develop at different ages and in different time sequences, we have proposed that the accelerated cell turnover is probably caused by increased vulnerability of diabetic cells to injury which in turn may represent the expression of a genetically transmitted defect. To test whether this aberration can be detected in vitro, we examined the replicative life-span of skin fibroblasts from three nondiabetics, three age- and sex-matched diabetics and one individual with acquired hyperglycemia due to pancreatitis. Cells of diabetics exhibited about half the number of population doublings as cells from nondiabetics (0.01 less than P less than 0.025). Cells of the individual with pancreatitis generated a normal number of cell doublings. The interpretation that fits best with all data is that decreased replicative life span of diabetic fibroblasts in vitro is also an expression of increased susceptibility of diabetics' cells to injury and dying. PMID- 1109357 TI - Aging of homeostatic control systems. Introductory remarks. PMID- 1109358 TI - Age-related changes in the thermoregulatory capacity of tryptophan-deficient rats. AB - From a larger study seeking to develop indexes of physiological aging, the present experiment was designed 1) to test thermoregulatory capacity in the aging and old rat subjected to 3 minutes of whole-body ice water immersion, and 2) using this index of physiological age, to determine whether tryptophan deficiency from time of weaning can retard the onset of senescence. Results indicate a progressive prolongation of temperature recovery time from young to middle age to old, and tryptophan-deficient animals restored to commercial diet at middle age show the thermoregulatory capacity of young adults. The implications of tryptophan deficiency with respect to brain development, serotonin metabolism, and temperature regulation are also discussed in terms of the possibility of intervening with the aging process. PMID- 1109359 TI - Zinc deficiency and brain development in the rat. AB - Effects of prenatal and postnatal zinc deficiency on the composition of the brain and on subsequent adult behavior were studied. Deficiency throughout the latter third of pregnancy resulted in decreased body and brain size without affecting total brain DNA, RNA, or protein. Adult males that had been subjected to intrauterine zinc deficiency displayed impaired shock avoidance. Zinc deficiency from birth until 21 days of age resulted in impaired growth, decreased brain size, diminished brain DNA, RNA and protein. Cerebellar lipid concentration was also diminished. Such male animals displayed impaired maze acquisition as adults. PMID- 1109361 TI - Addition, renovation reorganize hospital complex. PMID- 1109360 TI - Pituitary inhibitor of thyroxine. AB - A description is given of a new pituitary function. It is suggested that the new function acts to decrease gradually the responsiveness of the peripheral tissues to thyroid hormones throughout life. It is suggested that the postulated relative hypothyroidism of older animals might contribute to their loss of viability. PMID- 1109362 TI - Cost containment through sharing. PMID- 1109363 TI - Hospital-university student health service. PMID- 1109364 TI - Advantages of operating in the light. PMID- 1109365 TI - Cooperative planning for student learning. PMID- 1109366 TI - New system for paid absences benefits hospital staff. PMID- 1109367 TI - High performance wall coating. PMID- 1109368 TI - Thyroid concentration of barium and radium. PMID- 1109369 TI - The binding of noradrenalin by plasma and serum proteins in various animal species. PMID- 1109370 TI - Interpretation of 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy after irradiation of brain tumours. PMID- 1109371 TI - Natural 226Ra and 228Th in thyroids of cattle from Nigeria, W. Africa.. PMID- 1109372 TI - The competitive nature of reticuloendothelial "blockade". PMID- 1109373 TI - Determination of red cell survival by activation analysis. PMID- 1109374 TI - A minigenerator for the production of krypton-81m and its applications. PMID- 1109375 TI - The use of 81mKr in deglutition kinetic studies. PMID- 1109376 TI - Use of solid state miniature detectors or study of alkaline earth metabolism in rat oral bone. PMID- 1109377 TI - Azide hazards with automatic blood cell counters. PMID- 1109378 TI - Olfactory bulb connections with basal rhinencephalon in the ferret: an evoked potential and neuroanatomical study. AB - The lateral olfactory tract (LOT) of the ferret has been shown to project to most of the pyriform lobe, as in the cat. Only a small medio-posterior region of the pyriform cortex (the angular cortex), which has a distinctly different appearance in Nissl stained sections, proves to be devoid of olfactory connections. Despite the fact that sub-areas can be recognized within olfactory cortex, there is an underlying constancy in design throughout. Latency measurements indicate that fine collateral branches of theLOT reach the posterior olfactory cortex, whereas mainly larger diameter (faster conducting) fibres comprise the contribution to anterior olfactory cortex. Thus in the present context it is sufficient to recognise just an anterior and posterior subdivisionof olfactory cortex, contingent on the above criterion and correlated with cytoarchitectural features, chiefly variations in cortical layers II and III of the regions concerned. Pyriform cortex directly in receipt of LOT fibres, and associated deeper cortical zones, generated potentials in the olfactory bulbs which can only be attributed to centrifugal input, thus further substantiating an olfactory role for this cortex. In addition, non-cortical regions in receipt of LOT fibres, namely the anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, cortical amygdaloid nucleus and nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, also contribute centrifugal input to the bulbs. All these regions are thereby capable of providing a rather direct feedback on olfactory bulb activity. The exact pathways concerned have yet to be determined. PMID- 1109379 TI - Retinogeniculate projections in the rabbits of the albino allelomorphic series1. AB - Retinogeniculate pathways have been studied by fiber degeneration and autoradiographic methods in rabbits that are homozygous for alleles of the albino series of genes. It has been found that albino and Himalayan rabbits, which both lack all melanin pigment in the eye, have a similar abnormality of the retinogeniculate pathway. The number ofipsilateral optic fibers going to the lateral geniculate nucleus is reduced in these rabbits, the ipsilateral projection forms a discontinuous terminal zone instead of the normal continuous zone, and some of the ipsilateral axons terminate in an inappropriate part of the nucleus, so that regions receiving a crossed input in normal rabbits receive an uncrossed input in the abnormal rabbits. Chinchilla rabbits show a slightly reducedfur pigmentation but have a normal distribution of pigment in the retinal pigment epithelium and these rabbits have normal retinogeniculate pathways. In addition,the normalretinogeniculate pathway was studied. Autoradiographic methods show that the beta segment of the lateral geniculate nucleus receives a contralateral input. Hence, earlier views that this segment projects to the visual cortex but receives no retinal input, areuntenable. Further, in the autoradiographic material it was not possible to identify seperate ipsilateral laminae and it was concluded that in the normally pigmented rabbit the ipsilateral retinogeniculate projection forms one relatively continuous group. PMID- 1109380 TI - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in buds of the rat vallate papilla as determined by electron microscope histochemistry. AB - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the rat vallate papillary bud was investigated by histochemical electron microscopy. Previous reports of specific AChE activity around subgemmal and intragemmal nerves and between some taste bud cells have been confirmed. In addition we have consistently observed dense precipitation between microvilli in the taste pore. The studies suggest that the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, may be involved in early events in the taste process which are believed to occur in the pore. PMID- 1109381 TI - The autopsy in geriatrics. AB - The marked decline in the autopsy rate is a serious matter that is not receiving enough attention in the present medical system. Before 1940, a high rate of postmortem examinations was a mark of distinction for a hospital and the findings contributed greatly to our knowledge of disease. This should continue. In geriatrics, a valuable goal is the differentiation of pathologic processes from the process of aging. One outstanding factor in the neglect of the autopsy is the cost to the hospital or other institution; moreover, the cost is not reimbursable by third-party insurance payers. The Pathology Resource Center is proposed as a solution for the problem. Regional autopsy centers could serve the surrounding institutions with greater competence and economy. Medicine should no longer be restricted regarding the valuable contributions to knowledge provided by autopsy findings. PMID- 1109382 TI - The pathologist and the geriatric autopsy. AB - In the past forty years the autopsy rate in many large institutions has fallen drastically to a level of only 20-25 per cent. The large number of diagnostic errors revealed in autopsy records is in itself a cogent reason for a return to higher standards. The inhibitory effect of high cost would be modified by the use of central regional pathology services and by reimbursement from third-party insurance carriers. The end-result would be a higher quality of medical care for all patients, not excepting those in the geriatric age group. PMID- 1109383 TI - Autopsy data and their total evaluation. AB - The role of the autopsy is discussed in the study of the etiology of the current major causes of death (cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases) in developed countries. Evidence is accumulating for the importance of environmental factors in the etiology of these diseases. The study of regional differences in occurrence is described as a method of identifying specific factors. Maps are shown of mortality rates for all causes of death in Ontario counties for males aged 65-74 and 95+ during 1964-68. Some of the difficulties in obtaining data in this form, and in their analysis, are indicated. Regional mortality patterns can be interpreted by the use of associations with available regional socioeconomic measures, or by the use of regional data on trace-metal levels in autopsy samples of human lung, rib, vertebra, kidney and liver. The methodology and the difficulties involved in the determination of trace-metal levels in these tissues are discussed, as is the possible relevance of these levels to the study of degenerative diseases. All these considerations emphasize the valuable contributions of autopsy studies. PMID- 1109384 TI - Progressive deterioration of glucose tolerance in the aged. AB - This long-term study of the natural history of glucose tolerance in the aged is now in its eleventh year. Of 411 nondiabetic persons screened on admission to the Jewish Home for the Aged (J.H.A.) since 1968, 15 per cent had abnormally elevated levels of postglucose blood sugar (PGBS) as compared with 25 per cent in the period 1964-1968. Fewer positive reactors were discovered with annual screenings and with the glucose tolerance test (GTT). Although the proportion of positive reactors and of diabetic-type GTT curves was higher in subjects over age 80 than under age 80, there were 83 residents screened annually for five to nine years who retained normal glucose tolerance despite advancing age. The relatively lower rate of deterioration of glucose tolerance in the second period was attributable to: 1) the younger age of residents admitted since 1968, and 2) the diabetes oriented diet plus emphasis on exercise and prevention of obesity. The reactive hypoglycemia found in 6 per cent of the residents was asymptomatic, whereas iatrogenic hypoglycemia was usually symptomatic and often severe. This led to a deliberate policy of undertreatment. Dietotherapy induced a lasting remission in about 60 per cent of newly diagnosed cases of diabetes, often to the point of normal glucose tolerance. Early diagnosis of chemical diabetes, by postponing or obviating the need for antidiabetic therapy, reduced the incidence of iatrogenic hypoglycemia. Diabetes-oriented measures are recommended for the aged in general, and for residents of homes for the aged in particular. PMID- 1109385 TI - Surgical mortality in the elderly. AB - Surgical mortality rates were reviewed for the four-year period 1970-1973, in a series of 2,186 operations. The majority of these operations were performed in patients aged 70 or older; of these, 116 were performed in patients of the 90+ age group. Predictably, the surgical mortality in the older groups was higher than in the younger groups. However, the overall mortality for patients aged 70 or older was 4.9 per cent as compared with 8 to 21 per cent for series reported in the literature. Gastrointestinal, biliary, and chest procedures carried a much higher mortality than did the other major categories. Minor surgical operations in the elderly should be approached with caution since they may be associated with a significant mortality rate. Nevertheless, elderly patients should not be denied surgical intervention, major or minor, on the basis of age alone when the operation can make their remaining years more comfortable. PMID- 1109386 TI - Patterns of contacts for residents of age-segregated and age-integrated housing. AB - It has been suggested that age-segregated housing for the elderly is undesirable because elderly need contact with, and stimulation from, the young. Research has shown that, even in age-integrated housing, intergenerational contact is normally limited and greater density of age peers will lead to more opportunities for contacts and friendships. Interviews with residents of six retirement facilities and with matched controls in age-integrated housing showed that test residents interacted less than their controls with their children, grandchildren, and other relatives, and fewer had friends younger than 40. Test residents had, relative to their controls, more new friends and visited more with neighbors and with age peer friends. Very little test-control difference was found on sufficiency of contact. A 2-year follow-up interview showed substantially the same patterns. It was concluded that age-segregated housing does imply different spheres of contacts but that either situation can be satisfactory for person who has freely made the choice. PMID- 1109387 TI - The effect of parabiosis on life-span of rats stressed by radiation. AB - The life-spans of four series of NEDH rats were compared: (1) single control rats, (2) single rats irradiated with 1000 R, (3) control parabiont rats, (4) parabiont rats one of which had received 1000 R. The stress of radiation (1000 R) produced a median life shortening of 571 days in single rats. Parabiosis followed by irradiation (1000 R) of a member of the pair shortened life 132 days. Parabiosis alone produced a median life shortening of 62 days. Ninety percent of the older irradiated parabiont pairs died with one or more tumors present. Parabiosis largely protected animals from the gastrointestinal radiation syndrome. PMID- 1109388 TI - Runwheel activity patterns of mature-young and senescent mice: the effect of constant lighting conditions. AB - A group of 18 5-mo.-old young and a group of 16 27-mo.-old senescent mice of the C57BL/6J strain were adapted for wheel-running under standard LD 12 : 12 cyclic illumination, after which each group was divided into three subgroups. One old and one young subgroup remained in standard lighting conditions as controls, while the two experimental subgroups received constant light followed by constant dark or constant dark followed by constant light. Rhythmic runwheel activity patterns were compared using periodicity, activity-rest ratios, and amplitude as parameters (defined in text). As expected, senescent mice were less active than young mice, although they did not always spend less time in activity than did the young. Generally, young mice were more reactive to the initial experimental conditions than were the senescent mice, whereas the reverse was observed in the final experimental conditions. PMID- 1109389 TI - Composition of liver histones in aging rat and mouse. AB - In contrast to the earlier reports on the age-dependent reduction of the ratio of F3 plus F2al plus F2a2 / Fl plus F2b in rat liver histones and the reduction of arginine-rich histone (F3 or III) in beef thymus, the result obtained by high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of histones shows no apparent age related change in the proportion of any histone fraction of mouse and rat liver chromatin. PMID- 1109390 TI - Aging and the passage of L-tyrosine, L-DOPA, and inulin into mouse brain slices in vitro. AB - The effect of age on active transport of catecholamine precursors was studied in a healthy population of mature (12-mo.-old) and senescent (30-mo.-old) C57BL/6J male mice. No age differences were observed in uptake of L-(3H)-tyrosine IN VITRO by slices of hypothalamus, brain stem, and striatum at external concentrations equal to or greater than blood levels. However, age-related reductions were observed intermittently in the hypothalamus, brain stem, and striatum at very low concentrations of tyrosine (less than 10 pg/ml). No age differences were observed in incorporation of L-(3H)-tyrosine into hypothalamic proteins when corrected for intracellular uptake of L-(3H)-tyrosine. No age differences were observed in uptake of L-(3H)-DOPA. The possible contribution of age-related changes in extra cellular space to decreased uptake was determined to be negligible by wash-out studies of tyrosine and by the uptake of inulin. A significant age-related increase of inulin uptake IN VITRO was observed under ionic conditions which minimize tissue swelling. PMID- 1109391 TI - Safety of administration of procaine hydrochloride-hematoporphyrin (KH3) to beagle dogs. AB - Data were collected as to food consumption, body weight, coat condition, blood cells and chemical constituents, as well as physical and chemical characteristics of urine on 31 adult Beagle dogs (male and female) during a control period and later at monthly intervals during course of the study. After the control period, the dogs were divided into four groups and were given orally for 90 days either placebo, 0.5 gm. (one capsule), 1.5 gm., or 3 gm. of KH3 per day. At the end of the study, animals were necropsied and organs weighed. The coat appeared to be glossy and have luxurious growth. The other parameters studied showed no significant variations from control or normal ranges. Tissues revealed no gross or microscopic abnormalities which could be attributed to treatment. On the basis of this study, KH3 does not appear to have any deleterious effect on dogs at dose levels which are substantially higher than those recommended for animal or human usage. PMID- 1109392 TI - Biological and psychological predictors of survival in a psychogeriatric population. AB - Out of 206 geriatric subjects who had been assessed with respect to a number of biological and psychological features (Muller & Grad, 1974), it was possible to reach 180 (or 87%) for a 5-year follow-up. Associations of these previous data to six survival categories were examined in order to explore their prognostic value. Of the biological variables the amount of slow EEG activity showed the greatest predictive power concerning the chances of survival, with only a few subjects, who had shown a slow EEG originally, alive after 5 years. Several other biological variables also showed significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors; the plasma cortisol levels which were determined after the EEG test were lower in the survivors. Diagnostic and predictive value of routine electroencephalographic examinations in geropsychiatric assessments is emphasized. The close relationship of psychological and biological factors is discussed in the context of a dynamic concept of organic brain syndromes. PMID- 1109394 TI - Mode of presentation, age, and short-term memory. AB - Female volunteers, ranging in age from 19 to 78 years, viewed or listened to prose passages and sequences of unrelated digits in an evaluation of the effects of modality (visual vs. auditory) upon short-term memory. The data indicated that performance on the digit span task was better with the auditory than with the visual presentation mode, while the opposite effect (i.e., visual better than auditory) was found with the prose passages. Although there were age-related deficits with both types of materials, the modality effects were similar for all age levels. PMID- 1109393 TI - Fluid and crystallized intelligence in young adulthood and old age. AB - The theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence predicts that the relationship between these two abilities will decline systematically across the age span after young adulthood. In order to test this hypothesis in an elderly sample, the Raven Progressive Martices and the WAIS vocabulary subtest were administered to a sample of individuals (N=40), ranging in age from 60 to 79, and also, for purposes of comparison, to a sample of young adults (N=35). It was found that the correlation was significantly lower in the elderly sample (.386) than in the young adult sample (.672). PMID- 1109395 TI - Social indicators in black and white: some ethnic considerations in delivery of service to the elderly. AB - A random sample of older persons who contacted the Central Intake Referral and Information Service (CIRIS) of the Houston Areawide Model Project for the Elderly responded to the Social Indicators Index for the Aged. The scores obtained from this instrument were analyzed with respect to ethnicity. Comparisons were made with data from an independent city-wide sample to which the same instrument was administered. When ethnicity was controlled, consistent differences emerged both between the two samples and within each sample. Significant differences found in the CIRIS sample on measures of income, health, and life satisfaction were combined with differences between the two samples to provide indications of cultural factors involved in utilization of services by the elderly. Our findings support other literature which has stressed the necessity of considering ethnic differences in developing theories on aging and in designing and delivering services to the aged--regardless of whether one is dealing with minority or majority individuals. PMID- 1109396 TI - Aging and adaptation to illness. AB - The relation of age, adaptation to illness, and the severity of cerebral dysfunction was evaluated for persons having suffered cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). All (89) subjects (age range 38 to 84 years, mean 62) were interviewed at least 1 mo. following onset of illness. It was found that older persons were more likely to manifest mental impairment following a DVA but that measures of sensory and motor functions were not similarly affected. The association of age and psychological adaptation varied, depending on the severity of brain dysfunction. Among a minimally impaired group, older persons tended to be more depressed and to use less denial than younger subjects. While denial was increasingly manifested by all persons with severe degrees of cerebral dysfunction, this change was shown to a greater extent by older subjects. The findings suggest that the severity of cerebral dysfunction may be a more critical factor in determining adaptation to illness than chronological age. PMID- 1109397 TI - Voluntary association participation and life satisfaction: a replication note. AB - The results of a replication study carried out in Kansas City in 1973 are compared with the original study in Oberlin, Ohio, in 1970 to see if the relationship between participation in voluntary associations and life satisfaction of the aged holds up over time and in a different geographic region. In a confirmation of the original study, the data indicate that health and status characteristics are more potent predictors of life satisfaction than participation in voluntary associations, which shows a nonsignificant relationship to life satisfaction when controlling for the effects of health and status. PMID- 1109398 TI - A retesting and modification of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. AB - The inter-item structuring of the questions in the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale was analyzed for sample members of two studies being conducted by the Dept. of Social Gerontological Research of The Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged (Boston) in an attempt to understand better the several components of the PGC battery first reported by Lawton. PGC items were subjected to principal component and Varimax factor analyses for both the original 22 items and also a reduced 17-item battery. In addition, using more recent findings of Lawton, further structural tests were performed in order to obtain the best possible configuration of items for the several reliable scale components found. The results of these cross SAMPLE ANALYSES INDICATE AN OVER-ALL LEVEL OF RELIABILITY FOR THREE OF THE ORIGINAL PGC components; and at the same time, indices of greater length and reliability resulted when these three PGC components were slightly restructured. PMID- 1109399 TI - The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: a revision. AB - The 22-item Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGC) Morale Scale was subjected to a series of principal component analyses utilizing different item pools and rotating differing numbers of factors. Subjects were 1086 tenants of federally assisted housing for the elderly and older people living in the community. Results were compared with analyses of the PGC Scale done by Morris and Sherwood. Consideration of factors defined by the analyses suggested three consistently reproduced factors: Agitation, Attitude Toward Own Aging, and Lonely Dissatisfaction, utilizing 17 of the original items. These results were compared with other multi-dimensional measures of morale: the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale, and morale scales reported by Pierce and Clark, and Schooler. In addition to the dimensions derived from the current study related domains of self-rated health, social accessibility, generalized attitude toward aging, and positive affect were suggested as worthy of further exploration as dimensions of morale. PMID- 1109400 TI - Changes in size of lacunae during the life of osteocytes in osteons of compact bone. AB - The cross-sectional areas of 739 lacunae from 31 osteons of gibbon femur, gibbon ulna, and human humerus were measured and compared on the basis of their distance from the osteon canal. There was great variation in size of lacunae at all distances, but the mean size of lacunae adjacent to the canal and of those in the periphery of the osteon were larger than the mean size of lacunae found intermediate in position. This was interpreted to mean that new osteocytes continue to form bone, thus decreasing the size of their lacunae, but later in their life cycle, enlarge their lacunae through bone absorption. The great variation in size was interpreted to be evidence for alteration of function of osteocytes. PMID- 1109401 TI - Characteristics of mentally-impaired aged profiting from individualized treatment. AB - This study investigated subjects' characteristics which related to improvements from individualized treatment of mentally impaired aged. Project variables (158) were reduced to 12 Q-type factors. The excess disability (ED) criteria were partialled into experimental/control influences (EDe/c) and residual ED variance. Statistical regressions were run on the EDe/c criteria vs. age and the 12 Q factors. Age significantly predicted post-treatment ED functioning in both conditions. Younger subjects (ages 65-82) profited most in both groups. After the statistical removal of age in the regression, Factor Q-3 still retained a significant relationship to EDe/c for the experimentals. The correlations indicate the importance of social capabilities, irrespective of age level, with regard to improvements due to ED treatments. For the control subjects, Q-12 and Q 5 showed significant independent relationships to the criteria. Subjects' competence appeared most important for EDe/c gains made without treatment. PMID- 1109402 TI - Predictors of a dimension of well-being in the relocated healthy aged. AB - One hundred twenty-two subjects aged 61 to 88 years were given a wide variety of tests around the time they moved to an apartment complex in which independent living and self-care was necessary. After living in their apartments approximately 15 mo., they were rated for how well they were faring in terms of a clinical dimension, from "played out" to "vital." Of 25 predictor variables, 14 were related to this dimension. Two were especially prominent--the WAIS Comprehension subtest and the Crossing-Off psychomotor task. PMID- 1109403 TI - Highlights of House of Delegates actions. PMID- 1109404 TI - Address of the AMA president. PMID- 1109406 TI - Letter: Response to criticism of "Student and Faculty Evaluation of Instructors as Measures of Teaching Effectiveness". PMID- 1109405 TI - Civilian vascular injuries: a clinical review. PMID- 1109407 TI - Letter: FMGs: exchange visitor requirements. PMID- 1109408 TI - Letter: FMGs: circumventing the continuum. PMID- 1109409 TI - Letter: Task analysis. PMID- 1109410 TI - Letter: Use of libraries by medical students. PMID- 1109411 TI - Educating the public about health. The missing link in health services. PMID- 1109412 TI - Educating the public about health. Mass media and health communications. PMID- 1109413 TI - Alan Gregg Memorial Lecture. Educating the public about health. The role of formal education. PMID- 1109414 TI - The paucity of course work in medical care evaluation. AB - In view of the current emphasis on measurement of the quality of health care services, reflected in regulatory provisions and accreditation requirements, an inquiry was made as to the extent to which medical schools are presently offering formal training in the techniques of medical care evaluation. Of 118 medical schools surveyed, 24 responded with the information that they are actually providing such training. The training reported ranged from a one-hour lecture to five elective courses. The implications of the findings are discussed with reference to the need of physicians to become familiar with the principles and methods of scientific evaluation of medical care. Some of the areas that might be covered in courses on evaluation are discussed, and examples of two current programs are given. PMID- 1109415 TI - An outreach program for a rural medical school. AB - An outreach program for Dartmouth Medical School has been developed which utilizes rural communities in the education and training of medical students and residents in primary care. A correlated curricular track for primary care and a residency program have been established. The program is interdepartmental and administered by the dean, and services provided to patients are financed by fee for-service. The cost incurred by the presence of residents and medical students is shared by the community and the medical school. The program is based on a close partnership between the medical school and the community in fulfilling their respective educational and service objectives. PMID- 1109416 TI - Evaluation of review courses for the ECFMG examination. AB - In this paper three review courses for the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) examination are described. A comparison of the pass rates on the January 1973 ECFMG examination for examinees taking the courses with those not taking the courses shows a statistically significant difference (47 percent passing for those taking the courses in contrast to 18 percent passing for those not taking the courses). Although the courses appear to be effective, the limitations of the ECFMG examination as a screening device for foreign medical graduates (FMGs) make it unwise to expand the number of such courses. The cramming of basic medical knowledge into students is not a useful solution to the problem of physician shortages. The focus of attention on the FMG in the health care system must shift from a search for expedient ways of providing for greater utilization of FMGs to the deleterious effects of this utilization on the quality of patient care. PMID- 1109417 TI - Forecasting and medical education. AB - The ability to render more accurate predictions of the future will enable medical educators and administrators to make more advantageous policy and program decisions. Modern forecasting techniques and criteria to evaluate prognostic endeavors are described. Examples of how these methods can be applied to medical education are provided. PMID- 1109418 TI - Paradigms in medicine: consequences for medical education. AB - Paradigms play an important role in the natural sciences. Basic medical science has primary paradigms from which are derived secondary paradigms that allow the practice of medicine. Medical education consists in students acquiring this paradigm and in practitioners changing their paradigm in the light of medical research. Problem-solving plays an important role in the acquisition of this paradigm. Unless educators, especially basic scientists, are aware of their own paradigm, communicating with others who hold different paradigms can be difficult and cause serious misunderstanding. PMID- 1109419 TI - An introduction to the study of medicine: phase I of the McMaster M.D. program. AB - "Phase I" describes the initial 11 weeks of study in the M.D. training program offered by the Faculty of Medicine of McMaster University. This three-year program stresses the responsibility of students for their own education, encourages self-directed learning using realistic biomedical problems, and offers little didactic instruction. Students are assigned to tutorial groups, and much of the educational thrust of the program is built upon interactions within these groups. Phase I is designed to allow students to adapt to a less structured environment, and intensive faculty support is available. The successes and failures of Phase I of the program were examined using a combined questionnaire and interview at various stages during the 11-week period. Not all program goals were satisfactorily measured, but those that could be assessed appeared to have been attained by most students. PMID- 1109420 TI - MCAT: a gate in admissions and internship placements. PMID- 1109421 TI - A technique for scheduling medical clerkships. PMID- 1109422 TI - Editorial: Medical centers: looking to the future. PMID- 1109423 TI - Highlights of the COTH survey of house staff policy, 1974. PMID- 1109424 TI - Letter: A philosopher looks at medical ethics. PMID- 1109425 TI - Acute tubular necrosis (vasomotor nephropathy). Review of clinical aspects and report of five cases due to trauma. PMID- 1109426 TI - Rural Physician Associate Program progress report. PMID- 1109427 TI - Predicting adult stature for individuals. PMID- 1109428 TI - Editorial: Origin of teratomas. PMID- 1109429 TI - Editorial: Contrasting professional views on atherosclerosis and coronary disease. PMID- 1109430 TI - Letter: Vincristine therapy of thrombocytopenias. PMID- 1109431 TI - Letter: Bleeding after carbenicillin administration. PMID- 1109432 TI - Letter: Iron distribution in adult-type Gaucher's disease. PMID- 1109433 TI - Letter: Incidence of gram-negative-rod bacteremia. PMID- 1109434 TI - Letter: Atypical rubeola infection after splenectomy. PMID- 1109435 TI - Letter: Casoni skin test for hydatid cyst. PMID- 1109436 TI - Letter: Problems of oral contraceptives given during pregnancy. PMID- 1109437 TI - Letter: Scale-markers for microscopical illustrations. PMID- 1109438 TI - Letter: Transcendental meditation. PMID- 1109439 TI - Letter: Humanism, science, and health. PMID- 1109440 TI - Letter: Effects of Quebec Medicare. PMID- 1109441 TI - Absence of hexosaminidase A and B in a normal adult. AB - In the course of screening for heterozygotes for beta-hexosaminidase deficiency, the serum and white cells of a clinically normal father of deficient children were found to have an apparent deficiency for both hexosaminidases A and B, assayed with an artificial substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-glucosaminide. No inhibitor was present. Assayed with a natural substrate, n-acetylgalactosaminyl beta 1-4 galactosyl beta 1-4 glucosyl ceramide, which had been isolated from the brain of a patient with Tay--Sachs disease and labeled in the terminal n-acetyl galactosamine, a value in the heterozygote range was found. It was concluded that the proband is probably a double heterozygote for two mutations; one is the classic Sandhoff type (lack of hexosaminidases A and B), giving rise to deficient offspring when combined with the same mutation borne by the wife. The other obscures any activity with the artificial substrate but allows an action on natural substrates, explaining the normal life of its carrier. PMID- 1109442 TI - Abortion, euthanasia, and care of defective newborns. AB - Growing use of abortion to prevent births of infants with unfavorable prenatal diagnoses raises ethical questions about active euthanasia for newborn infants with similar impairments. Two opposing ethical arguments are those of Paul Ramsey, who equates genetically indicated abortion with infanticide disapprovingly, and of Joseph Fletcher, who equates the morality of abortion with selective euthanasia approvingly. Though radically different, these arguments treat the ethical aspects of the prenatal and postnatal situations as essentially similar. There are, however, different moral features between the two situations, in that the postnatal situation is characterized by the independent physical existence of the infant, the possibility of treatment, and the formation of parental loyality to the infant. Thus, a decision for abortion after prenatal diagnosis does not necessarily commit parents to euthanasia in the management of a seriously damaged infant. PMID- 1109443 TI - Active and passive euthanasia. AB - The traditional distinction between active and passive euthanasia requires critical analysis. The conventional doctrine is that there is such an important moral difference between the two that, although the latter is sometimes permissible, the former is always forbidden. This doctrine may be challenged for several reasons. First of all, active euthanasia is in many cases more humane than passive euthanasia, Secondly, the conventional doctrine leads to decisions concerning life and death on irrelevant grounds. Thirdly, the doctrine rests on a distinction between killing and letting die that itself has no moral importance. Fourthly, the most common arguments in favor of the doctrine are invalid. I therefore suggest that the American Medical Association policy statement that endorses this doctrine is unsound. PMID- 1109444 TI - "Nonspecific" interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Association with asbestos fibers detected by electron microscopy. PMID- 1109445 TI - Notes of a biology-watcher. The Deacon's masterpiece. PMID- 1109446 TI - [Therapy of vertigo]. PMID- 1109447 TI - [Meniere's disease]. PMID- 1109449 TI - [Meniere and Bell; 2 names with danger]. PMID- 1109448 TI - [Spontaneous pulmonary embolism during the use of an oral contraceptive]. PMID- 1109450 TI - Residual vision in cortically blind hemiphields. PMID- 1109451 TI - Cerebral speech lateralization in young children. PMID- 1109452 TI - Hypothesis on cerebral dominance. PMID- 1109453 TI - Visual discrimination in the monkey: distinguishing the incorrect response. PMID- 1109454 TI - Transfer of spatial alternation between responding in the light and in the dark. PMID- 1109455 TI - Demonstration of cross-modal matching in rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. PMID- 1109456 TI - Hemispheric differences in the perception of lightness. PMID- 1109457 TI - Hemispheric specialization for speech production and perception in stutterers. PMID- 1109458 TI - Tachistoscopic word recognition performance under conditions of simultaneous bilateral presentation. PMID- 1109459 TI - Cerebral activation, as measured by subjects' lateral eye movements, is influenced by experimenter location. PMID- 1109460 TI - Asymmetry in evoked potentials as an index of lateralized cognitive processes: relation to EEG alpha asymmetry. PMID- 1109461 TI - A stable impairment in remote memory following electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 1109462 TI - Proactive interference in short-term recall by aphasic, brain-damaged nonaphasic and normal subjects. PMID- 1109463 TI - Developmental aphasia: the perception of brief vowels and extended stop consonants. PMID- 1109464 TI - Verbal vs non-verbal paired-associates learning in poor and normal readers. PMID- 1109465 TI - Cerebral dominance and reading disability: left visual field deficit in poor readers. PMID- 1109466 TI - Comparison of ipsilateral and contralateral auditory pathways in callosum sectioned patients by use of a response-time technique. PMID- 1109467 TI - Motor asymmetries in young children. PMID- 1109468 TI - Sequel technique for localization and extraction of radiopaque foreign bodies in various anatomic sites. PMID- 1109469 TI - Nonspecific recurrent jejunal ulceration. PMID- 1109470 TI - Effect of water fluoridation on urinary tract calculi. PMID- 1109471 TI - Who contributes to the malpractice crisis? Is this a type of contribution? PMID- 1109472 TI - Statement of the American Medical Association before the Subcommittee on Rural Development. Committee on Agriculture U.S. House of Representatives. PMID- 1109473 TI - A half century of health progress. PMID- 1109474 TI - [Mechanical measurement of the cardiac index in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1109475 TI - [Mediastinal chondrosarcoma]. PMID- 1109476 TI - [Malacoplakia originating in the prostate gland]. PMID- 1109477 TI - [Successful conservative treatment of an abscess in the small pelvis, communicating with the bladder]. PMID- 1109478 TI - [Letter: Methodical criteria for the standards of laboratory procedures]. PMID- 1109479 TI - [Letter: Low-dose heparin therapy and general medical practice]. PMID- 1109480 TI - [Therapy of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 1109481 TI - [Chronic repetitive supraventricular tachycardia in infants and young children]. PMID- 1109482 TI - [Degenerative heart defects in old age with special reference to the diagnosis of systolic murmur]. PMID- 1109483 TI - [Studying the absorption of Co58 labelled vitamin B12 by total body counter in patients with pernicious anemia and malabsorption]. PMID- 1109484 TI - [Absorption of oral digoxin in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1109485 TI - [Some indices obtained by mass screening of an urban population (Budapest) over age 40. Blood lipids]. PMID- 1109486 TI - [Fatal disseminated intravascular coagulation in young lung cancer patients]. PMID- 1109487 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma simulating multiple myeloma]. PMID- 1109488 TI - Incidence of cytotoxic antibodies in serum from neoplasia patients. PMID- 1109489 TI - Spontaneous idiopathic pneumothorax in 115 young subjects. PMID- 1109490 TI - Seven cases of primary heredoatrophy of the choroid. PMID- 1109491 TI - The Hippocratic oath. PMID- 1109492 TI - Clinical approach to jaundice. AB - Jaundice, with and without hepatobiliary damage, has a wide spectrum of causes. In the initial evaluation, fractionation of the bilirubin facilitates differential diagnosis. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia most often is the result of pigment overload or Gilbert's disease. Most patients with jaundice seen by the clinician have underlying hepatobiliary disease. Liver biopsy usually establishes the etiology of hepatocellular forms of jaundice. In patients with cholestasis, visualization of the biliary tree by either transhepatic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography provides the most direct means of differentiating mechanical biliary obstruction from intrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 1109493 TI - Gallstone disease. AB - Most gallstones are composed largely or entirely of cholesterol. The larger calculi are more often associated with acute cholecystitis than are smaller stones. Factors predisposing to gallstone formation include sex, age, race, child bearing, and possibly diet and obesity. About half of all persons with cholelithiasis have symptoms referable to the biliary tract. The most important symptom in the diagnosis of gallstone disease is biliary colic. Biliary pain lasting longer than five or six hours is indicative of acute cholecystitis, with obstruction of the cystic duct by a calculus as the primary event in most instances. The reliability of cholecystography in detecting gallstones is at least 95 percent. In patients over age 60, cholecystectomy is indicated only in those with specific symptoms referable to the biliary tract. The effectiveness of chenodeoxycholic acid in dissolving radiolucent gallstones in asymptomatic patients has been confirmed in several clinical trials. Early operation in patients with acute cholecystitis is advocated. PMID- 1109494 TI - Peptic ulcer disease. AB - Smoking, heredity, aspirin ingestion, and various diseases are associated with increased prevalence of peptic ulcer disease. Significant pathophysiologic differences between ulcer patients and normal subjects have been shown to exist, but many of the observed abnormalities are still poorly understood and require further study. Prospective studies are also needed to quantitate the role of psychologic factors in the pathogenesis of ulcer disease. Ulcer disease is diagnosed by history, physical examination, upper gastrointestinal radiography, and endoscopy. In some patients measurements of serum gastrin levels and gastric acid secretion at rest and after stimulation give significant information. Antacids and anticholinergics remain the primary therapeutic agents; new therapeutic agents are currently under study. PMID- 1109495 TI - Editorial: New roles for the gastroenterologist. PMID- 1109496 TI - Superior vena cava syndrome caused by mediastinal goiter. PMID- 1109497 TI - Psychosomatic aspects of gastrointestinal disease. AB - Gastrointestinal diseases are notoriously protean in their modes of expression. The patient's description of symptoms is particularly important, but psychologic, physiologic, and social factors can cause data-base unreliability. Many of the patients termed crocks have symptoms referable to the gastrointestinal system, and they are at considerable health risk, since they usually alienate health care personnel. Patients with pancreatitis usually have a history of heavy alcohol intake which also needs treatment. Behavioral disturbances are related to toxic psychosis. Pancreatic carcinoma has a higher incidence of associated psychiatric symptoms than other types of cancer. Biologic, psychologic, and environmental factors all interact dynamically to cause peptic ulcer disease. There is a high correlation between the severity of inflammatory bowel disease and degree of emotional disturbances. PMID- 1109498 TI - Diarrhea: pathogenesis and diagnostic techniques. AB - Daily fecal weight is the feature most useful in defining diarrhea, as normal weights for various societies are known. Diarrhea is associated with increased fecal water excretion, with heightened sensitivity of the rectal mucosa, and with exudation of mucus. It occurs acutely, as in gastroenteritis, bacterial dysenteries, and parasitic infections, and chronically, as in functional disorders, malabsorption syndromes, and inflammatory bowel disease. Many seemingly unrelated diseases can also cause diarrhea. The patient's history as well as macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical analysis of stools will offer major clues to the cause of the ciarrhea. PMID- 1109499 TI - Intestinal gas. AB - Patients with functional bowel disease commonly complain of abdominal pain, bloating, and excessive flatulence and eructation. Pain and bloating may be primarily caused by abnormal intestinal motility rather than by excessive intestinal gas. As yet there are no data available that prove excessive flatulence is actually caused by the presence of excessive intestinal gas. A study of the composition of intestinal gas provides insight into whether it is derived from swallowed air or from intraluminal metabolism. Therapy aims primarily at excluding the presence of organic disease as a cause and reassuring the patient that the disorder is functional in nature. Dietary manipulation, changing the habit of aerophagia, exercise, and pressure and heat applied to be abdominal area are all possibilities to be tried. PMID- 1109500 TI - Recent advances in management of gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux is not synonymous with sliding hiatus hernia. It should be approached as a condition dependent on the intrinsic strength of the lower esophageal sphincter rather than on the presence of a hiatus hernia. The patient's account of symptoms is probably the most important means of diagnosis, but in addition the patient's history should be supplemented by radiographic evaluation. Initially the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux is one of prevention. If this conservative approach proves ineffective, drugs that restore sphincter strength can be tried. Surgery should be resorted to only if medical treatment fails, and then one of the newer specific antireflux procedures should be the operation of choice. PMID- 1109501 TI - Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on bone marrow in dogs. AB - With a thermocouple in the medullary cavity of one dog's femur, the increases in bone marrow temperature were demonstrated at five different intensities of ultrasound. The right distal femurs of six dogs were treated ten times, three dogs at 1.5 w/cm2 and three dogs at 2.5 w/cm2 each for five minutes. At a later date, two of these dogs received an additional ten minutes of ultrasound at 2.5 w/cm2 for ten treatments. Histological and hematological studies gave presumptive evidence of bone marrow damage and regeneration. A marked increase in oil was also seen in the bone marrow smears. PMID- 1109502 TI - Vibratory stimulation. Part II. Vibratory stimulation as an evaluation tool. AB - Phasic neural mechanisms are heavily involved in volitional movements, where as tonic mechanisms support postural adjustments. Yet, the two systems are so intimately related that any disturbance in one will exert profound effects on the other. Whether one system or the other is involved preferentially in different neural disorders is not known; hence, tests are needed to evaluate phasic and tonic functions independently. In this article, the classical applications of the tendon jerk reflex and H-response for assessing phasic mechanisms are first reviewed. Following this review, the tonic stretch reflex and tonic vibration reflex (TVR) are analyzed and compared. The effects of experimentally ablating or stimulating precise brain regions are described as a means of revealing the role of supraspinal mechanisms in the TVR. Finally, the responses to vibratory stimulation in specific motor disorders are examined and discussed as to their usefulness in prognosis and diagnosis. PMID- 1109503 TI - Observations on subluxation of the shoulder joint in hemiplegia. PMID- 1109504 TI - Use of closed-circuit television in teaching massage. PMID- 1109505 TI - Homemade putty for hand exercises. PMID- 1109506 TI - Educational programs leading to professional qualification in physical therapy. PMID- 1109507 TI - Methods of reducing environmental stress for the acute burn patient. AB - All measures must be taken to enhance conservation of energy in patients with burns so that they can withstand the stresses imposed upon them. Many environmental factors can be regulated to decrease these stresses. Room temperature can be regulated to 29 degrees Celsius (84 degrees F) to decrease evaporative cooling and fluid loss. Humidity can be regulated to approximately 30 percent. Water temperature can be maintained between 35 and 37 degrees Celsius (95-98 degrees F) to encourage mobility and relaxation and to minimize shivering. Proper concentration of sodium can be used in the tank to minimize leaching to the electrolyte from the wound into the water. These measures for conserving energy help to provide the patient with the maximal metabolic efficiency necessary for wound healing and recovery. PMID- 1109508 TI - Letter: Health manpower bills and physical therapy. PMID- 1109509 TI - Letter: Acupuncture. PMID- 1109510 TI - Letter: Cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 1109511 TI - Mortality and morbidity rates after inferior vena caval clipping. AB - In 112 patients receiving inferior vena caval, serrated, Teflon clips over a 7 year period beginning Jan. 1, 1966, the operative mortality rate was 6 percent (seven patients) and the 1 to 12 month mortality rate was 9 percent (10 patients). Patients with severe heart disease accounted for eight of these 17 deaths. The mortaligy rate was zero in patients who were free of heart disease, malignancy, sepsis, or massive pulmonary embolism. Recurrent pulmonary embolism was suspected, but not lethal, in four patients and was proved in two. Patients who had leg swelling preoperatively were more likely to have swelling postoperatively than those who were initially free of swelling. Postoperative anticoagulation was ineffective in preventing edema and carried the risk of wound hemorrhage. Twelve months after operation, 12 of the 83 patients available for follow-up had severe lower extremity symptoms and 23 had milder, easily controlled edema. Late stasis changes, therefore, appeared at an acceptably low frequency and could reasonably be expected for patients with lower extremity phlebothrombosis. There was no instance of fatal pulmonary embolism in the follow up period extending from 1 to 6 years. PMID- 1109512 TI - The effect of Travase on heat-injured skin. AB - When applied topically and compared to its placebo experimentally in guinea pigs, Travase was associated with no damage to the epithelium of normal skin, slight damage to that of mechanically injuried (donor-site) skin, and total destruction of all the epithelium in skin subjected to severe but otherwise reversible burn injury. While not preventing this destruction of heat-injured epithelium by Travase, simultaneous use of topical silver sulfadiazine cream did reduce the weight loss and purulence associated with Travase therapy of burns. To evaluate the safety of any form of topical burn therapy satisfactorily, preclinical testing should consider its effects on (1) uninjured skin, (2) skin reversibly injured by heat, and (3) skin immediately coagulated (irreversibly injured) by heat. PMID- 1109513 TI - Accidents and complications in selective and proximal gastric vagotomy. AB - In 3 years 266 consecutive patients were electively operated on for ulcer disease with either selective vagotomy (SV) with drainage (159) or proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) without drainage (107). The total number of operative accidents was 15 (6 percent), similar to that of truncal vagotomy. Perforation of the stomach occurred in six SV and in one PGV. The perforation went unobserved in two patients, of whom one died. Esophageal perforations were not observed. Bleeding from the lesser omentum or from the spleen was seen in seven patients, requiring reoperation in one. Postoperative surgical complications were seen in 25 patients (9 percent): clinical gastric retention was observed in nine patients, five with SV and four with PGV, and 13 had wound abscesses or dehiscence. Fifty-nine patients had other complications, of which 52 were radiologically demonstrated atelectases, mostly without any clinical significance. The total mortality rate was 1.1 percent, similar to that of truncal vagotomy. The duration of the two operative procedures did not differ, and the greater care required for preservation of the nerve of Latarjet tended to diminish the number of operative accidents. PMID- 1109514 TI - Liver regeneration after portacaval transportation in rats. AB - General recognition of the presence of a specific hepatotrophic factor in portal blood that is necessary for liver regeneration was delayed by two major problems. First, there was a long period of confusion regarding liver atrophy, liver hypertrophy, and cellular hyperplasia. Second, because only exposure to other liver tissue destroys the hepatotrophic activity, all of the studies that were based on bypassing the portal blood into the systemic circulation merely diluted the active substance, which still was available to the hepatocytes by recirculation through the hepatic artery. These problems have been resolved by the development of more sophisticated methods by which to assay liver regeneration and by the introduction of the double liver model to study regeneration. During the time when liver weight alone was used to assess regeneration, the regenerative capacity of the liver was reported to be much greater after portacaval transposition than after end-to-side portacaval shunt, a finding that is inconsistent with current knowledge of the hepatotrophic portal blood factor. To re-evaluate the effect on liver regeneration of providing a compensatory systemic venous inflow after complete portal diversion, 40 partially hepatectomized inbred rats which had previously undergone either a sham operation and end-to-side portacaval shunt or a portacaval transposition were compared on the basis of six separate criteria of regeneration. All of the livers actively regenerated and no significant advantage of providing a substitute systemic venous inflow to the liver could be detected by any of the criteria. PMID- 1109515 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the jejunum and coexisting primary adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix: a case report. AB - An unusual case of primary adenocarcinoma of the proximal jejunum with coexisting primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is presented. The symptomatology, diagnosis, surgical management, and prognosis are also presented. To our knowledge, this is the only such case reported in the medical literature of English-speaking countries. PMID- 1109516 TI - Arterial embolectomy before and after the Fogarty catheter. AB - Arterial emboli were extracted from 79 patients between 1955 and 1963 with polyethylene catheter suction systems and/or retrograde flushing and from 149 patients between 1963 and 1973 with Fogarty catheters. The Fogarty-era patients were older, had a greater incidence of ischemic heart disease, and presented with a greater degree of preoperative peripheral ischemia. The limb salvage rate of 87 percent after Fogarty catheter embolectomy was not statistically different from the salvage rate of 79 percent after suction catheter embolectomy, but the number of limbs with distal pulses postoperatively was significantly greater after Fogarty treatment, 64 vs. 42 percent. Delay in treatment and the presence of prior occlusive vascular disease adversely affected results in both eras. The in hospital embolic recurrences occurred in 9 percent of the patients anticoagulated postoperatively and in 31 percent of those not anticoagulated. Heparin and warfarin were equally effective in preventing recurrences, but wound complications were seen in 33 percent of the heparinized patients, compared with 7 percent of those receiving warfarin and 4 percent of those not anticoagulated. PMID- 1109517 TI - The role of vena caval interruption in the management of pulmonary embolism. AB - Sixty patients with documented moderate-to-severe pulmonary embolism have been managed primarily with anticoagulant or lytic-anticoagulant therapy during the past 6 years. The in-hospital mortality rate from embolization was 5 percent. Recurrent embolization was documented in only two patients (3 percent). Three patients (5 percent) required caval ligation because of a profound heparin sensitivity, peptic ulcer bleeding, and recurrent embolization while adequately anticoagulated. The study suggests that adequate anticoagulation is sufficient therapy for most patients and is associated with a low incidence of recurrent embolism. In view of the significant mortality rate reported following caval interruption and especially of the associated long-term venous sequelae, it is concluded that inferior vena caval interruption is seldom indicated in the management of pulmonary embolism and should be performed only when firm indications are present. PMID- 1109518 TI - The influence of aspirin on postoperative platelet kinetics and venous thrombosis. AB - Several parameters of platelet kinetics were followed in 105 middle-aged and elderly postoperative patients, half of whom were randomly allocated to receive aspirin. A significantly lower incidence of venous thrombosis, as detected by 125I-fibrinogen scanning, was found among patients receiving aspirin when compared with the control group. Platelet survival was shortened in the postoperative state, an effect that was inhibited by aspirin. The development of deep vein thrombosis did not shorten platelet survival, nor did fibrinogen survival discriminate patients with venous thrombosis. Treatment with aspirin reduced urinary excretion of 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid--presumably by inhibiting in vivo platelet release of serotonin, reduced postoperative consumption of platelets, and reduced the mean corpuscular volume of the platelet population. These studies suggest that platelet function is important in the pathogenesis of postoperative venous thrombosis. PMID- 1109519 TI - Extravascular fibrinogen degradation in experimental burn wounds: a source of fibrin split products. AB - Utilizing a 40 percent flame-burned canine model, serial aliquots of burn-wound edema and simultaneous plasma samples were collected for 26 hours after burn, following the injection of 100 muc of 125I-tagged fibrinogen. Both edema fluid and plasma samples were analyzed for radioactivity. In addition, radioactivity in the supernatant was reassayed after sequential in vitro addition of thrombin, protamine sulfate (PS), and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to each sample. Plasma and edema fibrinogen and fibrin split product concentrations were measured directly. PS and TCA precipitable protein concentrations were calculated. Early post-burn edema radioactivity appeared primarily in the fibrinogen fractions where edema fibrinogen concentration was measured at almost 30 percent of the simultaneous plasma concentration. Late post-burn edema radioactivity (24 to 27 hours) was associated with the PS precipitable protein fraction (soluble fibrin monomer). Fibrin split product concentration increased in both plasma and edema during the study period. These observations allowed construction of a hypothesis to explain the post-burn elevation in plasma fibrin split product concentration noted in burned patients and strongly suggested that the abnormally elevated plasma fibrin split concentrations resulted from extravascular plasmin digestion of fibrinogen. PMID- 1109520 TI - Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for gastric ulcer--one- to nine-year follow-up study. AB - Of 100 patients subjected to pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for surgical treatment of gastric ulcer, 60 were available for follow-up for periods of from one to 9 years. Questionnaires and personal interviews of these 60 and additional laboratory examinations of 40 of them showed results tending to favor the procedure as a highly recommendable technique of gastrectomy. Questions about body weight gain, return to preoperative occupation, and satisfaction with the operation all were answered favorably. In the follow-up laboratory examinations, reduction rates of 57.2 percent for maximal acid concentration, 81.6 percent for maximal acid output, and 70.8 percent for peak acid output. Sphincteric function was generally well preserved on the pyloric ring. Gastric emptying times, ranging from 30 to 180 minutes in 79 percent of the cases, were nearly compatible with the control figures. The results of fat and protein absorption tests performed on some of these patients showed their rates to be within normal ranges. No instances of dumping syndrome, recurrence of ulcer, or other significant postgastrectomy sequelae were recognized. The results indicate pylorus-preserving gastrectomy to be preferable for the surgical treatment of gastric ulcer and other benign lesions of the stomach. PMID- 1109521 TI - [Multiple drug therapy. Combined preparations of drugs and combined administration of drugs, with special reference to the treatment of infectious disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1109522 TI - [Combined use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 1109523 TI - [Zinc deficiency and infectious pododermatitis in cattle in the Netherlands (author's transl)]. PMID- 1109524 TI - Management of parkinson's disease--combined therapy with levodopa and thalamotomy. AB - An increasing number of parkinsonian patients in whom levodopa fails to relieve tremor are being referred for thalamotomy. The literature suggests that in as many as 50 percent of patients treated with levodopa, there is no relief of tremor because of refractoriness to the medication or intractable side effects which limit dosage. Thalamotomy abolishes contralateral tremor in 90 percent of patients, with an associated mortality rate of 1 to 2 percent and morbidity of 6 percent. The relative merits and complications of levodopa and thalamotomy were reviewed and a therapeutic regimen designed in which the two approaches to treatment are combined to most effectively deal with all the symptoms of parkinsonism. PMID- 1109525 TI - Psychological antecedents to conception among abortion seekers. AB - At a university hospital, 642 women seeking induced abortion for an unwanted pregnancy were surveyed before the procedure regarding their perception of what psychological and behavioral factors, if any, played a role in their becoming pregnant: 35 percent said they had had intercourse during what they believed was a "safe period"; 33 percent believed that they had experienced a contraceptive failure; 29 percent indicated fear of side effects influenced their use of a contraceptive method; 27 percent and 21 percent, respectively, indicated that they had thought pregnancy "couldn't happen to me" or had "put the thought of pregnancy out of my mind." The women's responses indicated that a number of additional attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors were also important and that for any individual woman at least three or four factors had often combined in a dynamic sequence to greatly increase her risk of pregnancy. The implications of the findings for educational and counseling programs are discussed. PMID- 1109526 TI - Medical Staff Conference: Recent clinical and experimental developments in Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 1109527 TI - Editorial: Oral contraceptive agents. PMID- 1109528 TI - Editorial: Health, well-being, biological systems and ethics. PMID- 1109529 TI - Editorial: Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 1109530 TI - Letter: Ophthalmia in the newborn. PMID- 1109531 TI - Letter: The "executive" physical examination. PMID- 1109532 TI - Letter: Asbestos exposure and cancer of the larynx. PMID- 1109533 TI - Constipation and laxative abuse. PMID- 1109534 TI - Diuretic-induced hypokalemia. AB - Among patients receiving thiazides for hypertension, there was no reliable predictor of those who would develop significant hypokalemia (a decrease in serum potassium of at least 0.5 mEq. per L). Eighty percent of patients required 60 mEq. of potassium chloride 10 percent elixir daily for successful treatment of thiazide-induced hypokalemia. Foods containing potassium or organic anion compounds of potassium are not useful in this potentially dangerous situation. PMID- 1109535 TI - Otalgia. PMID- 1109536 TI - Febrile seizures in children. AB - Benign febrile convulsions occur early in the course of fever of extracranial origin in children six months to five years old. The first seizure always calls for a spinal tap to exclude meningitis, as well as appropriate studies to exclude other causes of seizure activity. An EEG one week later is indicated but more extensive studies are usually nonproductive. The question of whether to employ long-term phenobarbital therapy has not been resolved. PMID- 1109537 TI - Reconditioning cardiac patients. PMID- 1109538 TI - Editorial: Diuretics. PMID- 1109539 TI - Editorial: The use of surgery and the best way to do things. PMID- 1109540 TI - Perils and pitfalls of open tibial fractures. AB - The status of the fibula is an index of the severity of injury. Open tibial fracture with associated fractured fibula is more likely to develop complications. Antibiotics should be started promptly. Judicious debridement is essential but bone fragments should be left whenever possible. When there is any question about contamination, the wound is best left open. Rigid occlusive dressings promote epithelial ingrowth. Fracture distraction and plate fixation are associated with a high incidence of complications. PMID- 1109541 TI - Electrophysiology and pharmacology of cardiac arrhythmias. III. The causes and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Part A. PMID- 1109542 TI - The site of origin of venous thrombosis. PMID- 1109544 TI - Of one mind. PMID- 1109543 TI - The calculation of the mean pressure gradient in aortic valvular stenosis: a simplified approach. PMID- 1109546 TI - Letter: Ebstein's anomaly. PMID- 1109545 TI - Letter: Opening snap in mitral stenosis. PMID- 1109547 TI - Direct arterial pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram during cigarette smoking in unrestricted patients. AB - Direct arterial pressure, heart rate, and ECG have been recorded over a 24-hour period in nine individuals who were completely unrestricted throughout the study. Forty-nine separate cigarette smoking episodes were clearly indicated and analyzed. The results of our study confirm a significant increase in arterial pressure five minutes after smoking a cigarette. The systolic rise in pressure (mean 10.7 mm. Hg, P less than 0.001) was approximately twice that of the diastolic rise (5.3 mm. Hg, P less than 0.001) and was present under different conditions of everyday life with notable exception of lying in bed before sleep, We found no quantitative difference between normotensive and hypertensive subjects. There was no certain change in heart rate (mean increase +0.8 beats per minute, t equals 0.59, NS) in the group as a whole. Smoking also had a short-term action consisting of a brief fall in arterial pressure and heart rate occuring over eight to ten heart beats following immediately after the first inhalation of tobacco smoke, followed by a rebound rise in arterial pressure to a level greater than the presmoking level; this is probably a vagal effect. Cigarette smoking caused angina pectoris in one individual and the records showed ST-segment depression in the ECG before the subjective appreciation of pain. PMID- 1109548 TI - The incidence of typical and atypical A-V Wenckebach periodicity. AB - The classic pattern of the typical WP's consists of (1) progressive lengthening of the P-R intervals with the largest increment occuring in the second conducted beat, (2) progressive decrease in P-R increment which accounts for the progressive shortening of successive R-R intervals, and (3) the pause produced by the nonconducted P-wave is less than two P-P intervals. In 45 patients with atrial pacing-induced Wendkebach periods of A-V conduction, the structure of these was studied with His bundle recordings. Of the 128 periods analyzed exceeding 3:2 A-V conduction ratios, 66 per cent were atypical. In 24 patients with spontaneous WP's of A-V conduction, the electrocardiographic records were studied. Of the 98 periods analyzed exceeding 3:2 A-V conduction ratios, 86 per cent were atypical. WP's with A-V conduction ratios greater than 6:5 were all atypical. Five categories of atypical WP's are described. PMID- 1109549 TI - Type of cardiac dysrhythmias in respiratory failure. PMID- 1109550 TI - The development of cardiac myxomas and papillary endocardial lesions from mural thrombus. AB - A morphologic study of 466 cardiac mural thrombi, 66 examples of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, 25 myxomas, and 12 papillary endocardial lesions was performed. It appeared that three different sequences of organization of endocardial thrombi are possible. (1) Ordinary mural thrombi are converted into a flat, fibrous scar by fibroblast proliferation and collagen and elastic fiber deposition. (2) Papillary endocardial lesions develop from non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis as additional thrombus material is acquired in some foci and lost in others. No ingrowth of granulation tissue occurs at the base of these lesions. The thrombus material of the papillae is gradually replaced by fibrous tissue, and the lesion eventually is identical to a large Lambl's excrescence. (3) Myxomas enlarge in part as do the papillary endocardial lesions. In addition, their size increases as a result of influx into the myxoma of fluid from the basal granulation tissue. Although myxomas cannot be differentiated from ordinary mural thrombi on the basis of the cellular and ground substance components, their mode of development results in a distinctive appearance. The mature lesion is composed of three zones: a basal layer of small vascular channels, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, and ground substance; a middle, acellular zone of ground substance; and a cortical layer of mesenchymal cells. The peculiar arrangement of endothelial cells and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, the examples of apparent atrial wall invasion, and the cases of embolic "metastases" provide no conclusive evidence of neoplasia, since these features may also be seen with ordinary mural thrombi. PMID- 1109551 TI - Electrical alternation of the T-wave: clinical and experimental evidence of its relationship with the sympathetic nervous system and with the long Q-T syndrome. AB - In a patient affected by the "long Q-T" syndrome we observed episodes of alternation of the T-wave associated with emotional or physical stresses. In anesthetized and vagotomized cats, we could reproduce both the lengthening of the Q-T interval and episodes of alternation of the T-wave by electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion. Our experiments provide further support on the relationships between the "long Q-T" syndrome and the sympathetic nervous system and indicate that alternation of the T-wave may depend on abrupt increases in the sympathetic discharge. PMID- 1109552 TI - Influence of perfusion pressure and heart rate on local myocardial flow in the collateralized heart with chronic coronary occlusion. AB - We studied the influence of controlled changes in perfusion pressure and heart rate on the regional distribution of myocardial flow in normal dogs and in dogs with multiple chronic coronary artery occlusions but without infarctions. Local myocardial blood flow was determined with the tracer microsphere technique. By stepwise altering of systemic blood pressure during maximal vasodilation classical pressure flow relations were obtained. One week after complete chronic occlusion a functionally and anatomically well-defined compartmentation of blood flow was found. The dilatory reserve is clearly compromised not only in the collateral-dependent myocardium but also in the apparently normal myocardium which delivers collateral flow. An "arterio-arterial shunting" mechanism is shown to exist. Several months after coronary occlusion, regional mycoardial flow is still nonhomogeneous. Although the coronary dilatory capacity of the collateralized myocardium is nearly normal, that of the normal myocardium is found to be higher than normal. Vessel growth in both areas is discussed as being responsible for this phenomenon. Right ventricular pacing during maximal vasodilation produces a flow decrease to the endocardial muscle layers in normal dogs, while the epicardial flow is unchanged. One week after complete chronic coronary occlusion pacing during maximal vasocilation reduces the dilatory capacity in the collateralized areas to such an extent that the supplementary increase in myocardial oxygen demand will induce ischemia because of the compromised oxygen supply. PMID- 1109553 TI - Mechanism of the effect of coronary artery stenosis on coronary flow in the dog. AB - The hemodynamic mechanism of the effect of coronary artery stenosis on coronary flow was studied in the circumflex artery of 10 open-chest dogs by simultaneously measuring coronary flow, aortic pressure, and coronary artery pressure distal to an adjustable constrictor; while the distal coronary bed was intermittently maximally vasodilated by intracoronary injections of angiographic contrast media (Hypaque-M, 75 per cent). For each stenosis, the pressure gradient across the stenosis varied directly with the flow through the stenosis (r equals 0.99), the slope of the regression indicating the severity of the stenosis. An important observation was that this regression line did not intercept the flow axis at zero flow, but at a positive flow, meaning that for a given regression line slope the pressure gradient was much less than expected. At rest, distal bed resistance decreased as progressive stenosis lowered the distal bed pressure, maintaining flow at control level until the distal bed pressure dropped below 60 mm. HG. However, at maximum hyperemia, distal bed resistance was at a fixed minimum value such that flow was directly proportional to distal bed pressure. Hence, progressive stenosis decreased the ratio of hyperemic to resting flow by: (1) causing the vasodilatory reserve to be used to maintain resting flow, decreasing that available for hyperemia, and (2) dropping the distal bed pressure relatively more for smaller increases in flow. This study provides a hemodynamic explanation for the known fact that progressive stenosis initially limits the maximum hyperemic flow, and only after this flow is decreased almost to resting level, does resting flow fall. PMID- 1109554 TI - Effect of stimulation site on ventricular threshold in dogs with heart block. AB - Ventricular pacing thresholds were measured in barbiturate-anesthetized dogs with complete heart block using an oscilloscope and current probe. All electrode and physiologic variables were carefully controlled in order to compare the effects of stimulus duration and site of ventricular threshold energy requirements. Left ventricular intramyocardial stimulation, at all stimulus durations under 5 msec., required less current and energy, and at all stimulus durations under 2 msec. less voltage, than either right ventricular endocardial or right ventricular intramyocardial stimulation. Chronaxy and polarization losses were lowest and impedance highest with left ventricular intramyocardial stimulation. The two right ventricular sites were almost equivalent electrically. Earlier studies which reported lower thresholds with endocardial stimulation than with intramyocardial stimulation were biased in favor of the endocardial site by lack of control of electrode variables including: material, configuration, cross sectional area, and epicardial versus intramyocardial location. PMID- 1109555 TI - Electrophysiology of atrial pacing in patients with short PR interval, normal QRS complex. PMID- 1109556 TI - Serum digoxin levels using an 125I-labelled antigen: Validation of method and observations on cardiac patients. AB - 1. Determinations of serum digoxin levels utilizing commercially available kits with an 125I-labelled antigen were precise and not materially different from results obtained with a 3H-labelled antigen. 2. In order to approximate the steady state level, serum digoxin levels should be drawn either before or at least six hours following the administration of an oral tablet. 3. Concomitantly given thiazide diuretics did not interfere with the absorption of a tablet of digoxin. 4. In the digitalized patient, slow alterations in serum levels after oral administration appeared well correlated with, at least, the negative chronotropic effects of the drug. 5. Maximal exercise testing, a maneuver often applied to cardiac patients, does not significantly alter the serum digoxin level. PMID- 1109557 TI - Variant angina pectoris. AB - A patient with variant angina pectoris due to a pedunculated calcific mass extending from the aortic valve and resulting in intermittent obstruction of the left coronary ostia is reported. No atherosclerotic disease was demonstrated by coronary angiography. During attacks, marked ST segment elevation and episodes of tachycardia were associated with a moderate rise in pulmonary artery pressure. Replacement of the calcified aortic valve resulted in total relief of symptomatology. PMID- 1109558 TI - Thymoma masquerading as congenital partial absence of the left pericardium. AB - Interpretation of irregularities of the left heart border on routine posterior anterior and lateral roentgenograms may be quite challenging. Partial absence of the left pericardium provides a characteristic abnormality of the left heart border. Described is a case of a thymoma which mimicked partial absence of the left pericardium on routine roentgenography. The importance of including both partial absence of the left pericardium and thymoma in the differential diagnosis of irregularities of the left heart border is discussed. PMID- 1109559 TI - Animal model of human disease. Pulmonary alveolar lipo-proteinosis. Animal model: Silica-induced pulmonary alveolar lipo-proteinosis. PMID- 1109560 TI - The role of the macrophage in wound repair. A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum. AB - The role of the monocyte/macrophage in wound repair has been investigated by studying the healing process in wounds depleted of this cell and/or its phagocytic activity. Hydrocortisone acetate (0.6 mg/g body weight) administered as a subcutaneous depot was used to induce a prolonged monocytopenia in guinea pigs, and antimacrophage serum (AMS) was used for local elimination of tissue macrophages. In vitro, the presence of complement, macrophages are rapidly lysed and used killed by AMS. In the absence of complement, AMS is not cytotoxic but potently inhibits adherence to and phagocytosis of opsonized erythrocytes by macrophages. AMS titers were obtained by observation of adherence and phagocytosis of opsonized erythrocytes in serial dilutions of AMS. Six groups of animals were studied: a) untreated animals, b)animals receiving daily subcutaneous injections of normal rabbit serum (NRS) around each wound, c)animals receiving daily subcutaneous AMS around each wound, d)animals receiving systemic hydrocortisone, e)animals receiving systemic hydrocortisone and daily injections of NRS around each wound, and f)animals receiving systemic hydrocortisone and daily AMS around each wound. Wounds consisted of a series of six linear incisions in the dorsal skin. Subcutaneous AMS alone has no effect on the number of circulating monocytes, nor was there any observable effect on the number or the phagocytic ability of wound macrophages. Fibrosis in these wounds was unaffected. Systemic hydrocortisone induced a prolonged monocytopenia. The macrophage level in the wounds of these monocytopenic animals was reduced to approximately one third that of controls; the phagocytic activity of the monocytes/macrophages that did appear in these wounds was, however, similar to that of controls. Some inhibition of wound debridement was observed in these wounds, but fibrosis was virtually unaffected. Collagen synthesis, as judged morphometrically, was similar to that of control wounds at all stages of repair. Conjoint systemic hydrocortisone and subcutaneous AMS around each wound resulted in the almost complete disappearance of macrophages from the wounds. Wound fibrin levels were elevated, and clearance of fibrin, neutrophils, erythrocytes and other miscellaneous debris from these wounds was delayed. Fibroblasts, which in control wounds first appear by 3 days postwounding and reach maximal levels by day 5, did not appear in these wounds until day 5, and their subsequent rate of proliferation was slower than that of controls. Continued. PMID- 1109561 TI - The fine structure and innervation of the cushion veins of the human nasal respiratory mucosa. AB - Cushion veins of the human nasal lining were studied in eight patients of both sexes ranging in age from 11 to 59 years. It was found that the subendothelial cushions were part of the tunica media and consisted of smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastic fibers and occasional fibrocytes. The muscle fibers of the cushion nearest to the endothelium were circular. They extended processes towards the endothelium through gaps in the endothelial basement membrane and formed appositional junctions with the endothelial cells. The rest of the cushion consisted of longitudinal muscle fibers. The sacoplasm of the muscle cells was characterized by large areas filled with vesicles of various sizes. In addition, these cells possessed cytoplasmic processes which were devoid of a basement membrane and which did not show the regular structure of sarcoplasm. The subendothelial cushion possessed a rich, intrinsic nerve supply of adrenergic and cholinergic axons. It is suggested that the cushion veins regulate the drainage of the cavernous tissue and are under nervous and humoral control. The increase in girth of the subendothelial cushion is effected by contraction of the longitudinal muscle cells and probably by uptake of extracellular fluid by means of the specialized cytoplasmic processes. The single layer of circular muscle cells situated between the endothelial lining and the longitudinal musculature, may provide protection to the endothelium against distension when the cushion expands. PMID- 1109562 TI - Hormonal influences on the morphogenesis of the preputial gland of embryonic mice. AB - Fetal preputial glands from 14- to 17-day old mouse embryos undergo comparable growth, branching, and display similar degrees of cytodifferentiation when cultured in vitro on medium lacking hormones, on this medium in the presence of either of the fetal gondas, and on medium supplemented with testosterone dipropionate. Conversely, morphogenesis of these analgen is markedly suppressed by estrogen and an anti-androgen, Cyproterone acetate. These observations demonstrate that acquisition of androgen-sensitivity is a late event in the morphogenesis of the preputial gland and correlate with the developmental properties of preputial mesenchyme as demonstrated in earlier studies on the epithelio-mesenchymal interaction. PMID- 1109563 TI - The repair of fractured membrane bones in the newly hatched chick. AB - Repair of a fractured membrane bone, the quadratojugal (QJ), has been studied in the newly hatched chick. Complete open fractures never united by bony fusion, even in birds maintained for six months post-fracture. Extraperiosteal connective tissue invaded the fracture gap and formed thick fibrous bundles which stabilised the fracture. Cartilage of two types formed on these bones. One was derived from periosteal cells and the other from osteoblasts or osteocytes. Considerably more cartilage formed in bones partially fractured than in those completely fractured. The "periosteal" cartilage did not form if the periosteum was removed at the time the bone was fractured. This was because, although the fibrous layer of the periosteum regenerated, the cambial layer did not. Metaplastic cartilage did form in the absence of the periosteum. Isolating fractured bones within polyethlene or glass tubes prevented accumulation of a blastema between the bony fragments. Cartilage did not form inside the tubes but did form where the ends of the tubes abutted onto the bones. Large defects in the bones (4 mm gaps, 4 mm of bone in the place of the QJ) healed via fibrous union with minimal osteogenesis and no chondrogenesis. Severing M. depressor mandibulae at the time the bone was fractured inhibited chondrogenesis, favoured osteogenesis and resulted in development of a pseudarthrosis. The potential for differentiation of the cells of the QJ and the role of the adjacent tissues as they related to repair of the fracture was discussed, and the ability of cells from membrane bones to become chondrogenic emphasized. PMID- 1109564 TI - Alterations in the fine structure of hepatocytes in hyperthyroid rats. AB - Ultrastructural investigation of liver from ten radiothyroidectomized adult male albino rats, made hyperthyroid by administration of desiccated thyroid for eight to ten weeks, revealed changes in hepatic organelles, but no differences between centrilobular, midzonal and periportal hepatocytes of a single lobule. The mitochondria were enlarged with an increase in matrix density, but no increase in number of mitochondria or alterations in membranes or cristae was observed. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum appeared slightly increased and dilated in treated rats, while stacked cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum were seldom seen. Large vacuoles, which often contained follicular material and frequently opened into the spaces of Disse, were observed at the periphery of hepatocytes. The vacuoles may arise from invaginations of the cell membrane along these spaces to increase the surface area and to act as channels for liver metabolites. Moreover, in hyperthyroid rats hepatic glycogen was uniformly depleted. Whether these changes were a primary effect of thyroid hormone or secondary to metabolic alterations is unclear. PMID- 1109565 TI - Beta-cocaine. PMID- 1109566 TI - Centrally acting emetics. 8. Conformational aspects of certain dihydrophenanthrene congeners of apomorphine. PMID- 1109567 TI - Centrally acting emetics. 9. Hofmann and Emde degradation products of nuciferine. PMID- 1109568 TI - Antifertility effects of chlorine-substituted dioxolanes, dithiolanes, and dithianes in male rats. PMID- 1109569 TI - Catechol O-methyltransferase. 5. Structure-activity relationships for inhibition by flavonoids. PMID- 1109570 TI - Effect of acylation with eleostearic acids on the monoamine oxidase inhibitory potency of some hydrazine antidepressants in mice. AB - The effect of incorporation of an eleostearoyl group into molecules of aralkylhydrazines on their monoamine oxidase inhibitory potency was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that on a molar basis the hydrazides possessed an in vitro potency lower than and an in vivo potency and acute toxicity comparable to those of the corresponding aralkylhydrazines. The sequence of the relative potency of aralkylhydrazines and their hydrazides was similar. The overall pharmacological profile indicated that these aralkylhydrazines retained their monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties when the free hydrazine nitrogen was acylated with an eleostearoyl group. PMID- 1109571 TI - The charge-transfer constant. A new substituent constant for structure-activity relationships. AB - A new, versatile constant accounting for the pi-complex formation ability of aromatic systems is proposed. The constant is derived from charge-transfer complex data of aromatic species (charge-transfer constant, CT). The applicability of CT in structure-reactivity relations is demonstrated. It is shown that the affinity of various inhibitors (32) and acetylcholinesterase is a function of CT and pi (Hansch hydrophobicity constant). PMID- 1109572 TI - Studies on antianaphylactic agents. 4. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3-(4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3)acrylic acids, a new series of antiallergic substances, and some related compounds. AB - The syntheses of trans-3-(4-oxo-4H-1-benzypyran-3)acrylic acid and a number of analogs shown to be highly active in antiallergic bioassays are described. These compounds are of possible value in the treatment of asthma. The structural requirements for biological activity are discussed with reference to the type of the substituents on the chromone ring or positions of linkage of the acrylic acid on the pyrone ring. PMID- 1109573 TI - Synthesis and absolute stereochemistry of 5-alkyl-5-(3'-hydroxy-1' methylbutyl)barbituric acid and 5-alkyl-5-(3'-hydroxy-1'-methylbutyl)-2 thiobarbituric acids. AB - 5-Alkyl-5-(3-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl) barbituric acid (2) and 5-alkyl-5-(3-hydroxy 1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acids (3) are matabolites of 5-alkyl-5-(2-pentyl) barbituric acid and 5-alkyl-5-(2-pantyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid, respectively. We have synthesized the four possible optical isomers of 2 and 3 by a procedure which established the absolute stereochemistry of each isomer. The two racemic pairs in each case were also prepared. The properties of these synthetic samples of 2 and 3 of known stereochemistry are compared to the properties of 2 and 3 which have been isolated from metabolism studies. PMID- 1109574 TI - Aminobenzoic acid diuretics. 7. 3-Substituted 4-phenyl-, 4-arylcarbonyl-, and 4 arylmethyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acids and related compounds. AB - Various 4-substituted 3-alkylamino-, 3-alkoxy-, 3-alkylthio-, and 3-alkyl-5 sulfamoylbenzoic acids related to known aminobenzoic acid diuretics were synthesized and screened for their diuretic properties in dogs. The tabulated results from a 3-hr test period revealed that generally the diuretic profile and potency could be retained when 3-alkoxy, 3-alkylthio, and 3-phenethyl were substituted for the 3-alkylamino moiety. The high potency of several 3-alkoxy-, 3 alkylthio-, and 3-phenethyl-4-benzoyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acids confirmed previous suggestions that the apparent diuretic effect of 4- and 5-alkylamino-6-carboxy-3 phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxides originates from the corresponding 4 benzoyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives due to an existing equilibrium in plasma. 4-Benzoyl-5-sulfamoyl-3-(3-thenyloxy) benzoic acid (118) is among the most potent benzoic acid diuretics hitherto synthesized and shows significant diuretic activity in dogs at 1 mug/kg. The results obtained with different 3 substituted 4-phenyl-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acids supported the earlier concept regarding the steric influence of the 4-substituent on the diuretic potency of sulfamoylbenzoic acid diuretics. PMID- 1109575 TI - Antiinflammatory sydnones. 2. PMID- 1109576 TI - 2-aryl-5-benzoxazolealkanoic acid derivatives with notable antiinflammatory activity. AB - The synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of 5-substituted 2-arylbenzoxazoles are described. Initial screening on carrageenin-induced rat paw edema showed that alpha-methylacetic substitution in the 5 position was preferable to substitutions with the equivalent esters, amides, alcohols, amines or tetrazoles. Halogen substitution in the aryl ring led to the most active compounds which were 2-(4 chlorophenyl)-alpha-methyl-5-benzoxazoleacetic acid (14) and 2-(4-fluorophenyl) alpha-methyl-5-benzoxazoleacetic acid (29). These compounds were three to five times more active than phenylbutazone as assessed from ED30 values determined on rat paw edema 5 hr after single oral doses. PMID- 1109577 TI - Antitumor agents. 11. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of epoxides of helenalin related derivatives. AB - Several epoxides of helenalin related derivatives have been synthesized in an effort to evaluate the potential significance of the epoxycyclopentanone moiety for cytotoxic activity against the growth of tissue culture cells originating from human epidermoid carcinoma of larynx (H.Ep-2). Helenalin (1) was converted to the monoepoxy derivative 2 and the diepoxy derivative 3 by alkaline hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures. Alternative synthesis of 2 was achieved by a convenient method of protecting the alpha-methylene grouping of the gamma lactone, i.e., epoxidation of helenalin dimethylamine adduct 4, followed by treatment of the reaction product 5 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. 2,3-Epoxy-11,13 dihydrohelenalin (8) was prepared by direct epoxidation of 11,13-dihydrohelenalin (7). Treatment of mexicanin A (9) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave, in addition to the 1,2-epoxy derivative 10, 1-alpha-hydroxyhelenalin (11) which furnished an acetate (12) upon acetylation. Catalytic hydrogenation of 10 yielded the dihydroepoxide 13. Treatment of 1 or acetylhelenalin (15) with Ac2O-p-TsOH gave the same acetyl dienol acetate (14). Epoxidation of 14 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave 1,beta hydroxyhelenalin (19) and a mixture of monoepoxides (17 and 18) which yielded 19 and 11 upon silica gel chromatography. The results of the cytotoxicity test of the compounds studied indicate that either an alpha- or a beta-epoxycyclopentanone moiety in helenalin related derivatives contributes significantly to the cytotoxicity. Furthermore, this cytotoxicity appears to be independent of the presence or absence of an alpha-epoxy-gamma-lactonic moiety. PMID- 1109578 TI - Preparation and antitumor activity of a rearranged ester of cephalotaxine. AB - For further evaluation of structure-activity relationships among the Cephalotaxus alkaloids, a "rearranged" ester (2b) of cephalotaxine was prepared, one which is an isomer of deoxyharringtonine (5a). The parent alkaloid, cephalotaxine (1a), was allowed to react with thionyl chloride to replace its hydroxyl group with chlorine. The resulting chloro compound 1b, on treatment with the silver salt of half ester 6, yielded 2b via an allylic rearrangement followed by further double bond migration. The new "rearranged" deoxyharringtonine isomer 2b proved to be inactive in the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia system and thus further delineated the structural requirements for antitumor activity in this series of alkaloids. PMID- 1109579 TI - Preparation and antileukemic activity of some alkoxybenzo(c)phenanthridinium salts and corresponding dihydro derivatives. AB - Salts of 2,3,8,9-tetrasubstituted alkoxy-, hydroxy-, and acetoxybenzo(c)phenanthridines as well as the corresponding 6-methoxy-5,6 dihydrobenzo(c)phenanthridines were prepared from appropriate chalcones through the tetralone and the 4b,10b,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo(c)phenanthridine intermediates. Complete O-demethylation of the tetramethoxybenzophenanthridine was achieved by fusion with pyridine hydrochloride at elevated temperature. The title compounds are active against leukemias L1210 and P388 in mice and some are curative against Lewis lung carcinoma. The importance of the nature of the environment about the nitrogen atom of these compounds and the substituents is discussed. 3,4-Dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxychalcone possesses activity against leukemia P388. PMID- 1109580 TI - Carbocyclic prostaglandin analogs. 1. Steroid carboxylic acids. AB - Certain structural similarities between prostaglandins with close-packed side chains and the perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene nucleus of steroids prompted the synthesis and biological evaluation of 6beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane 2alpha-carboxylic acid (30), its 6-deoxy derivative 28, and the corresponding 6 deoxy-2beta derivative 29 in an attempt to evaluate carbocyclic acids as potential prostaglandin analogs. Preliminary in vitro studies on isolated guinea pig ileum have shown weakly specific, prostaglandin-stimulated smooth muscle antagonism for 28 when compared with antagonism of bradykinin- and acetylcholine induced contractions. Complete dose-response curves for 28 on prostaglandin stimulated guinea pig ileum have shown a reduction in the maxium response and a decrease in the slope of the curve, indicating a noncompetitive type of inhibition for this type of derivative. PMID- 1109581 TI - Synthesis and biological actions of fragmented derivatives of tetrahydroisoquinolines. PMID- 1109582 TI - Clinical application of the Grason-Stadler otoadmittance meter. PMID- 1109583 TI - Personal incomes in the speech and hearing profession. PMID- 1109584 TI - A communitywide program in geriatric aural rehabilitation. PMID- 1109585 TI - Active site titration and aminoacyl adenylate binding stoichiometry of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. AB - A simple, rapid, and economical procedure is described for the determination of the number of catalytically competent active sites on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases based on the stoichiometry of aminoacyl adenylate formation. On mixing tRNA synthetase, cognate amino acid, (gamma-32P)ATP, and inorganic pyrophosphatase under suitable conditions there is an initial rapid stoichiometric "burst" (rate constant k1) of depletion of ATP as enzyme bound aminoacyl adenylate is formed. There is then an initially linear decrease in ATP concentration as the complex hydrolyzes (with rate constant k2) releasing enzyme to form further adenylate. Provided k2 less than k1 the initial burst gives the stoichiometry of aminoacyl adenylate formation. Complexes which are too unstable to be isolated by the usual gel or nitrocellulose disk filtration procedure may be assayed in this way. This technique has been applied to five highly purified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus is shown to bind only one aminoacyl adenylate per dimer. PMID- 1109586 TI - Binding of calcium to phosphatidylcholines as determined by proton magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. AB - The interactions of calcium, magnesium, and the rare earth cations, cerium, neodymium, and praseodymium, with phosphatidylcholines were studied by proton magnetic resonance and infared spectroscopy. The calcium-induced chemical shifts for the various protons of phosphatidylcholine were C alpha choline greater than C beta choline greater than N(CH3)3 greater than C3 glycerol. No significant chemical shifts were observed for the C1 and C2 glycerol protons. None of the acyl chain protons were affected by the presence of calcium. Analysis of the salt induced chemical shifts yielded binding curves with an excellent fit with the theoretical. The vicinal coupling constants for the various protons of phosphatidylcholine did not appear to change in the presence of calcium. The lanthanide-induced isotropic shifts for the protons of phosphatidylcholines followed the order Cbeta choline greater than C3 glycerol greater than Calpha choline greater than N(CH3)3. Examination of the P=O stretching band (1150-1300 cm-1) of phosphatidylcholines by differential infrared spectroscopy showed that this band shifted to shorter wavelengths in the presence of calcium. The site of calcium binding to phosphatidylcholines as deduced from the proton magnetic resonance and infrared data is discussed in light of the high specificity for calcium in enhancing the amino-catalyzed methanolysis of phosphatidylcholines. PMID- 1109587 TI - The effect of succinate on the translational diffusion coefficient of aspartate transcarbamylase. AB - Employing a differential optical mixing spectrometer, we have determined that the translational diffusion coefficient (DT) of aspartate transcarbamylase (AT-Case) decreases by (4.1 plus or minus 0.6)% in the presence of succinate and carbamyl phosphate. This result, combined with the change in the sedimentation coefficient determined by Gerhart and Schachman (1968) and repeated by us in the present work indicates that ATCase experiences an increase in frictional coefficient of approximately 4% due to succinate and carbamyl phosphate, and that any change in the enzyme's partial specific volume (v) under these conditions is less than about 0.3%. We have also measured (DT)20,w for ATCase as (3.75 plus of minus 0.11) x 10-7 cm2/sec. Combining this with our measured value of s20,2-o for ATCase of (11.7 plus or minus 0.2) x 10-13 sec and the calculated value of v of 0.738 cm3/g (Rosenbusch and Weber, 1971), we have determined the molecular weight of ATCase as (2.9 plus of minus 0.1) x 10-5. We have also observed the ATCase dimer and find that at a dimer concentration of 0.6 mg/ml the value of s20,w for the dimer is 15.8 x 10-13 sec and that this value decreases by (4.0 plus or minus 0.5)% upon the addition of succinate and carbamyl phosphate, a behavior essentially identical with that of the monomer. PMID- 1109588 TI - Studies of specificity of deoxyribonuclease from salmon testes. AB - A limited digest of thymus DNA with salmon testes DNase was composed of fragments larger than tetranucleotides. With exhaustive digestion mono-, di-, and trinucleotides were formed. At the (3') omega terminus G predominated, its frequency ranged from approximately 35 to 72% and increased with decreasing size of fragments. The error caused by the ribose-containing contaminants of DNA is significant, and should not be neglected in the evaluation of nucleoside frequency at the terminal positions of fragments. PMID- 1109589 TI - Demonstration of two active sites on a monomeric aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Possible roles of negative cooperativity and half-of-the-sites reactivity in oligomeric enzymes. AB - The dimeric tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus which binds (tightly) only one tyrosyl adenylate or tyrosine per dimer is shown from kinetic, equilibrium dialysis, and gel filtration methods to have a second active site. ATP and tyrosine bind strongly and synergistically to the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase tyrosyl adenylate complex, [E with Tyr similar to AMP], to give the complex [E with Tyr similar to AMP,ATP,Tyr]. This complex probably slowly forms an [E with (Tyr similar to AMP)2] complex which hydrolyses rapidly and does not accumulate. Similarly, the monomeric valyl-enzyme is shown to have two active sites. An [E with Val similar AMP,ATP,Val] complex is formed which probably slowly gives an unstable [E with Val similar AMP)2] complex. In view of this and the recent demonstrations that several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are composed of repeating sequences it is suggested that all of these enzymes have at least two active sites. The second site is difficult to detect by normal steady-state kinetic measurements and binding assays as these enzymes exhibit negative cooperativity of substrate binding hand half-of-the sites reactivity. A mechanism based on interacting sites is proposed that could account for these observations: changes in binding energy at one site may be coupled with catalysis at the other to give large rate enhancements. Howeever, this cannot account for the high specificity in the acylation of tRNA, A "VERIFICATION" PROCEDURE SEEMS ESSENTIAL. The proposed mechanism is quite general for catalysis and could be a reason why so many nonregulatory enzymes have subunits. PMID- 1109590 TI - Crystallization and partial characterization of prenyltransferase from avian liver. AB - Prenyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.1) has been obtained from chicken liver in a stable crystalline form. The enzyme has been shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.4, and by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate containing gels. Electrofocusing of the crystalline enzyme results in a single sharp protein peak with a pI of 5.72. The protein is a dimer of molecular weight 86,000 whose subunits were not resolved by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Michaelis constants of 0.5 muM for both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and geranyl pyrophosphate are 3-20-fold lower than those found for prenyltransferase from yeast or pig liver (Eberhardt, N., and Rilling, H. C. (1974), J. Biol. Chem. (in press); Dorsey, J. K., Dorsey, J. A., and Porter, J. W. (1966), J. Biol. Chem. 241, 5353; Holloway, P. W., and Popjak, G. (1967), Biochem. J. 104, 57). The enzyme primarily synthesizes farnesyl pyrophosphosphate from dimethylallyl or geranyl pyrophosphate although some geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is formed under certain conditons. This is the first preparation of a stable crystalline enzyme of sterol and terpene biosynthesis. PMID- 1109591 TI - Studies on the binding of acylaminoacyl-tRNA to rat liver 60S ribosomal subunits and its participation in the peptidyltransferase reaction. AB - Peptidyltransferase with rat liver 60S subunits can be measured by the reaction between exogenous acylaminoacyl-tRNA and puromycin to form acylaminoacylpuromycin in the presence of 33% methanol, 0.3 M KCl, and 4 mM MgCl2. An assay system has been developed that allows examination of the binding of acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA to the ribosomal subunit "P" site, the transpeptidation of the 60S-bound substrate to puromycin, and the requirements for these individual steps. Binding of acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA to 60S subunits is stimulated several-fold by the addition of methanol, but the extent of binding in alcohol is the same in 60 as in 300 mM KCl containing solutions. Formation of acetylphenylalanyl-puromycin from 60S-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA complex and puromycin stringently requires alcohol and the initial rate of the reaction is markedly greater at 300 mM KCl than at 60 mM KCl concentrations. Thus, alcohol and high concentrations of monovalent cation affect the reaction of an event subsequent to the binding of substrate to the "P" site. Preincubation of 60S subunits with poly(U), which stimulates the overall peptidyltransferase reaction, does not affect the amount of acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA that is bound to the particles; however, it markedly stimulates the initial rate of the transpeptidation reaction between 60S acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA complex and puromycin. The codon specificity and the failure to affect binding with poly(U) suggest a role for the polynucleotide in the alignment or stabilization of the acylaminoacyl-tRNA on the "P" site rather than an effect on binding to either of the two particle sites or on the peptidyltransferase "active center." The effect of 40S subunits, which inhibit the overall peptidyltransferase reaction, on the binding of substrate could not be clearly interpreted since all three preparations, 60S subunits, 40S subunits, and combinations of 60S plus 40S particles, appear to bind acetylphenylalanyl tRNA in the presence of methanol. However, the initial rate of peptide bond formation is several times greater with 60S-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA complex than with 60S plus 40S particles containing bound acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA and the addition of 40S subunits to preformed 60S-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA complex during the transpeptidation phase of the reaction in methanol does not affect the rate of peptide bond formation. Thus, 40S subunits seem to inhibit peptidyltransferase by forming less reactive particles in aqueous solutions. Contd. PMID- 1109592 TI - Evidence for multiple forms and partial resolution of rabbit reticulocyte alpha- and beta-globin messenger RNA by gel isoelectric focusing. AB - Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels has been used to fractionate and characterize RNAs from rabbit reticulocytes with major emphasis on globin mRNA. Reticulocyte 18S and 28S RNAs banded essentially as single components, well separated from each other and from the multiple forms of tRNA. By contrast, mRNA was resolved into a number of major and minor components. These bands were shown to contain intact globin mRNA by translation in a messenger-dependent cell-free protein synthesizing system. One major band was enriched slightly in alpha-globin mRNA and a second major band was enriched considerably in beta-globin mRNA. Reticulocyte supernatant mRNA, containing predominantly alpha-globin messenger, demonstrated only one major component which banded at the same position as the alpha-enriched band from total mRNA. Little of this material behaved as beta mRNA either by its focusing profile or by its translation products. Globin mRNA fractions with high and low 3' poly(A) contents also demonstrated differences in focusing distribution profiles. Although the basis for separating RNA by this technique has not been established, our results suggest that isoelectric focusing may offer a new approach to fractionation and characterization of specific mRNA species. PMID- 1109593 TI - Preparation and preliminary characterization of purified ovalbumin messenger RNA from the hen oviduct. AB - Preparation of milligram amounts of purified ovalbumin mRNA was accomplished by a sequential combination of precise sizing techniques with the selective purification of the poly(A) containing RNA by either affinity chromatography or adsorption to nitrocellulose filters. Several new techniques were applied to the purification of ovalbumin mRNA including Sepharose 4B chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of 6 M urea at pH 3.5. All the procedures used were adapted on a preparative sacle to the fractionation of large quantities of RNA. The purity of the ovalbumin mRNA was assessed by several independent criteria. (1) Purified ovalbumin mRNA migrated as a single band during both agarose-urea and formamide-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.5 and 7.4, respectively. A single absorbance peak containing all of the ovalbumin mRNA activity was also found using linear formamide-sucrose gradients. (2) Determination of both total mRNA activity and ovalbumin mRNA activity in the wheat germ cell-free translation assay revealed that 92% of the total peptides synthesized were specifically immunoprecipitable with an ovalbumin antiserum. (3) Analysis of the total peptides synthesizied in the wheat germ assay by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of a single radioactive peak that corresponded exactly to a specifically immunoprecipitable ovalbumin standard. Thus, based on these observations ovalbumin mRNA appears to be greater than 95% pure. A preliminary estimation of the molecular weight of purified ovalbumin mRNA by formamide-containing sucrose gradients yielded a value of 520,000 or approximately 1600 nucleotides. This value was considerably less than the value of 900,000 obtained by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Analysis of the poly(A) content by a hybridization assay with (3H)poly(U) revealed the presence of a poly(A) region containing approximately 70 adenosine residues. Thus, the size of the ovalbumin mRNA is considerably greater than that required to code for a protein of 387 amino acids. The availability of large quantities of purified ovalbumin mRNA should now permit a more thorough analysis of its physical and chemical properties. PMID- 1109595 TI - Biomedical engineering and scientific technical progress. PMID- 1109594 TI - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Microheterogeneity and comparison of kinetic behavior of the enzyme from several tissues and species. AB - The purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNPases) from human and rat erythrocytes and bovine spleen have been subjected to isoelectric focusing. The crystalline bovine spleen PNPase emerged as a single peak of pI = 5.4 whereas the rat erythrocytic PNPase was distributed into two variants of pI = 5.6 and 5.7 and the crystalline human erythrocytic enzyme produced six variants ranging from pI = 5.85 to 6.25. Treatment of human erythrocytic PNPase with dithiobisnitrobenzoate changed the enzyme to a more acidic form (pI = 5.05). The kinetic behaviors of these electrophoretic variants were studied and compared with the unresolved bovine erythrocytic PNPase. All six variants of the human erythrocytic PNPase and the two variants of rat erythrocytic PNPase displayed substrate activation at high concentrations of inosine and deoxyinosine. Bovine erythrocytic PNPase did not show activation with any of the nucleosides whereas with the bovine spleen enzyme activation occurred only with the deoxynucleosides, deoxyinosine and deoxyguanosine. The Km values for inosine, deoxyinosine, guanosine, deoxyguanosine, guanine, and hypoxanthine, where determined, ranged from 1.3 x 10 5 to 3.0 x 10-5 M for all the enzymes except the rat erythrocytic PNPase variants which have higher Km values for inosine (5.9 x 10-5 M, 8.3 x 10-5 M) and deoxyinosine (13 x 10-5 M, 20 x 10-5 M). PMID- 1109596 TI - Socialist competition at the all-union Scientific-Research Institute of Medical Instrument Manufacture. PMID- 1109597 TI - The Titr-2 semiautomatic conductometric titrator. PMID- 1109598 TI - Electronic laryngostroboscope. PMID- 1109599 TI - Overvoltages in x-ray apparatus resulting from discharges in x-ray tubes. PMID- 1109600 TI - Automatic electronic switch for testing the probabilistic characteristics of the human auditory analyzer. PMID- 1109601 TI - Correction of the load characteristics of an electromechanical transducer in contact with a biological fluid. PMID- 1109602 TI - Principles governing the classification of medical instruments. PMID- 1109603 TI - Standardization of general technical requirements and methods of testing spectacle lenses within the socialist economic community. PMID- 1109604 TI - Instrumentation and applications of low-frequency magnetotherapy. PMID- 1109605 TI - Use of the "Ekho-11" apparatus for diagnosing some liver diseases in children. PMID- 1109606 TI - Perfection of the technique and apparatus of hysterosalpingography. PMID- 1109607 TI - The OPD-1 trial frame for children. PMID- 1109608 TI - New apparatus in commercial production. PMID- 1109609 TI - Work of the Council of Representatives and of the Coordination Center of COMECON nations of the problem "Creation of biomedical instruments and apparatus for research and clinical medicine". PMID- 1109610 TI - Biomonitoring techniques and diagnostic instruments from the nationalized messgeratewerke factory in Zwonitz (East Germany). PMID- 1109611 TI - The TuR FS5 photostimulator for electroencephalographic investigations. PMID- 1109612 TI - Library cooperation: wave of the future or ripple? AB - Little of the literature in library cooperation applies specifically to library service for the health sciences. Based on experience in and observations of the cooperation of health science libraries, this short lecture reviews aspects of general library cooperation, networks, and consortia. The effects on library operation of several cooperative activities are enumerated and cooperation management is discussed briefly. PMID- 1109614 TI - Inaugural address. The crossroads and beyond. PMID- 1109613 TI - National Library of Medicine: international cooperation for biomedical communications. AB - The international programs of the National Library of Medicine may vary in mechanism, but all share the common objective of improved medical research, education, and practice. They are a natural extension of domestic responsibilities and represent a sharing of time, talent, and resources. The programs may be service-oriented, cooperative efforts based on the computerized information storage and retrieval system (MEDLARS), or establishment of regional medical library programs. Policy and operational aspects are presented. PMID- 1109615 TI - Components for consideration by emerging consortia. AB - The Consortium for Information Resources of the West Suburban Hospital Association in Boston is presented as one model for library cooperation. It is described in generalized terms that may be of interest to other consortia planners, rather than as a model for exact replication. Four components are discussed in detail: (1) composite resources, (2) multi-institutional environment, (3) leadership, and (4) activities. PMID- 1109616 TI - Cost-performance analysis of cataloging and card production in a medical center library. AB - The unit cost of cataloging current English language monographs was studies and compared with the cost of purchasing catalog cards from a commercial source. Two hypotheses were proposed: (1) in-library costs for cataloging and card production are higher than those for the purchased-card method; (2) throughput time is faster for the in-library method. In addition, the data can be used to develop an analytical cost-performance model for administrative purposes. The data presented support the hypotheses. The model developed provides a mechanism for arriving at a cost for different levels of service and can be used to measure the performance of other alternative methods of cataloging. Implications for the use of CATLINE are discussed and suggestions for further studies are described. PMID- 1109617 TI - Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library: XV. A study of the interaction of nonlibrarian searchers with the MEDLINE retrieval system. AB - The MEDLINE searchhes of sixteen nonlibrarian searchers at the School of Medicine Library, Washington University, were examined to determine the amount of utilization of the interactive capabilities of the system. The searchers made an average of 5.7 search statement modifications of their original searc statements and it was concluded that they did indeed use the interactive capabilities of MEDLINE. PMID- 1109618 TI - Building a medical history collection. AB - The importance of a clearly defined policy for building a medical historical collection is stressed in relation to the type of library and to the financial possibilities for building the collection and for the proper housing, preservation, servicing, and bibliographic control of such a collection. PMID- 1109619 TI - A further perspective on medical history collecting. AB - Part of the proper academic function of the medical librarian is to pay attention to the sources of modern medical knowledge. Secondary works on the history of medicine should be acquired and at least one subject field emphasized for collection in depth historically. PMID- 1109620 TI - Health science libraries in the United States: a five-year perspective. AB - Two surveys of the universe of health science libraries in the United States have been completed by the Medical Library Association's Committee on Surveys and Statistics over a five-year period. This paper compares, for 1969 and 1973, summary data on the universe, and the distribution of libraries, resources, personnel, and salaries. PMID- 1109621 TI - Congenital oesophageal strictures due to cartilaginous rings. AB - Two cases of distal oesophageal stricture secondary to tracheo-bronchial remnants containing cartilage are presented. The clinical histories and radiographic appearances of these lesions are discussed as is the postulated embryogenesis. A characteristic finding, when present, is the linear collection of barium projecting horizontally from the area of stricture, representing respiratory epithelial ducts. PMID- 1109622 TI - Gall-bladder emptying measured by a radioisotopic method. AB - A method of oral radioisotope cholecystography is described using 131I sodium ipodate. Gall-bladder emptying was measured by this method and radiographically: (a) in a model, (b) in 34 patients having oral cholecystography. There was a good correlation between the two methods of measuring volume changes, both in vitro and in vivo. The isotope cholecystogram has the advantage of a lower radiation hazard, and is the only satisfactory method of studying the onset, rate and duration of gall-bladder emptying. These may be easily measurable markers of disorders of the upper small bowel. PMID- 1109623 TI - The "chest-abdomen sign" in familial dysautonomia. AB - Both lung pathology and bowel distension are seen simultaneously on radiographs in familial dysautonomia. These are constant findings even in the absence of acute disease. One may thus speak of a "chest-abdomen sign" in this entity. Cases with this sign are presented in illustration and the differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 1109624 TI - Intraspinal dermoids in adults. PMID- 1109625 TI - A comparison of x-ray spectra and outputs from molybdenum and tungsten targets. AB - The relative merits of tungsten and molybdenum targets for mammography have been the subject of much discussion. Therefore the spectra and outputs (at constant potential) from molybdenum and tungsten targets, interchangeable in the same tube, have been measured with a Ge(Li) detector and ion chamber respectively. All conditions apart from the target material were unaltered. The spectra have been corrected for the distortions produced by the detector. The effects of filtration on spectra and exposure rates have been calculated and are in agreement with measured values. The spectra and outputs from molybdenum and tungsten targets filtered by aluminium and molybdenum have been investigated and the results are discussed with reference to mammography and the radiography of specimens. PMID- 1109626 TI - An aid to brain imaging. PMID- 1109627 TI - Two instruments for the handling of iridium 192 hairpins. PMID- 1109628 TI - Angiographic findings of choledochal cyst. PMID- 1109629 TI - Multiple bronchogenic cysts in the mediastinum. PMID- 1109630 TI - A "false-positive" abdominal scan for Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 1109631 TI - Uptake of pertechnetate in mammary tissue and thyroid after pregnancy. PMID- 1109632 TI - Letter: The "self-reporting radiograph". PMID- 1109633 TI - Letter: Application of flow microfluorometry to problems in radiotherapy. PMID- 1109634 TI - Letter: The NSD formula and the oxford pig skin experiments. PMID- 1109635 TI - Proceedings: Measurement of bone blood flow. PMID- 1109636 TI - Proceedings: 18F as an indicator for bone blood flow. PMID- 1109637 TI - Proceedings: Bone blood flow in the rat determined by the uptake of bone-seeking radionuclides and radioactive particles. PMID- 1109638 TI - Proceedings: Bone structure measurement in animal and human bone. PMID- 1109639 TI - Proceedings: Plasma protein and bone tissue fluid. PMID- 1109640 TI - Proceedings: An appraisal of calcium radioisotopes in bone and body measurement. PMID- 1109641 TI - Proceedings: The pathological basis for skeletal scintigraphy. PMID- 1109642 TI - Proceedings: Background to the use of diphosphonates as bone scanning agents. PMID- 1109643 TI - Proceedings: Bone uptake of certain radioactive phosphate compounds. PMID- 1109644 TI - Proceedings: Radionuclide investigation of bone metabolism in fractures of the tibia. PMID- 1109645 TI - Proceedings: Sensitization of hypoxic mammalian cells in vitro by nitroxyl compounds. PMID- 1109646 TI - Proceedings: Sensitization of hypoxic mammalian cells in vitro by some nitroimidazoles and nitropyrazoles. PMID- 1109647 TI - Proceedings: Some pharmacological considerations important in the selection of radiosensitizing drugs. PMID- 1109648 TI - Proceedings: Failure of in vivo radiosensitization of hypoxic tumour cells by a glyoxal derivative, but success with NDPP. PMID- 1109649 TI - Proceedings: Some personal experience of techniques for examining sensitizers. PMID- 1109650 TI - Proceedings: Sensitization of the hypoxic mouse intestine. PMID- 1109651 TI - Proceedings: Tests of hypoxic cell sensitizers using epidermal cell survival in vivo. PMID- 1109652 TI - Proceedings: Radiosensitization of hypoxic cells in solid tumours in mice. PMID- 1109653 TI - Editorial: Problems with digoxin. PMID- 1109654 TI - Editorial: Black eyes and blow-out fractures. PMID- 1109655 TI - Editorial: Alcohol and the small bowel. PMID- 1109656 TI - Editorial: Jam tomorrow? PMID- 1109657 TI - Intravenous salbutamol in management of status asthmaticus. AB - After the administration of intravenous salbutamol (100-300 mug) to 11 patients admitted to hospital with a severe exacerbation of asthma there was a mean increase in peak expiratory flow of 44% accompanied by a rise in pulse rate of 24 beats/min. Blood gas tensions showed a trend to improvement and there were no serious side effects. It is concluded that intravenous salbutamol is an effective and apparently safe bronchodilator in the management of acutely ill patients with severe asthma. PMID- 1109658 TI - Effect of surgery on tumour-directed leucocyte responses. AB - Leucocytes from 22 out of 26 patients with mammary carcinoma were significantly cytotoxic in vitro for cells cultured from mammary tumours though only two out of 17 of these preparations were cytotoxic for cells cultured from tumours arising at other sites. In the immediate postoperative period reactivity of patients' leucocytes with mammary tumour cells was undetectable but returned within one week of surgery. Leucocyte cytotoxicity may therefore offer a model in which the mechanism of postoperative depression of immunological competence may be investigated. PMID- 1109659 TI - Study of dust mites in three Birmingham hospitals. AB - Samples of dust were collected from wards in a general hospital, a geriatric hospital, and a skin hospital. Mites were found on the floors of all three hospitals; Surprisingly, the skin hospital showed fewer mites than the general hospital. The differences were attributed to the variation in ward activity, the number of visitors on the wards, and the differing cleaning regimens. Plastic covered mattresses were almost completely free from mites, but foci were found on soft furnishings and on the jackets and overcoats of hospital workers. The total numbers of mites were small compared to those found in house dust, and hospital mites probably do not consitute a serious problem for asthmatic patients. PMID- 1109660 TI - Relationship of inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by analgesics to asthma attacks in aspirin-sensitive patients. AB - Eleven patients with asthma and aspirin hypersensitivity have been challenged with eight non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Each drug was given by mouth in at least three different doses and the patients' symptoms and peak expiratory flow (PEF) rates were observed over a three-hour period. Indomethacin 5 mg caused bronchoconstriction in all patients. Therapeutic doses of mefenamic or flufenamic acid caused bronchoconstriction in most patients. Phenylbutazone 200-400 mg induced a moderate fall in PEF. There were no reactions to therapeutic doses of salicylamide, paracetamol, benzydamine, and chloroquine. Microsomal prostaglandin synthetase, activity was inhibited by aspirin, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and phenylbutazone. The other four drugs had no inhibitory effect. We suggest that precipitation of attacks in asthmatic patients hypersensitive to certain anti-inflammatory drugs is related to drug's ability to inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 1109661 TI - Cutaneous necrosis due to cetrimide application. AB - Reports of necrosis caused by quaternary ammonium compounds, such as cetrimide, are rare. The case is reported of a 77-year-old woman who was admitted to hospital for four months with cutaneous necrosis of the left foot and leg owing to the topical application of cetrimide powder. PMID- 1109662 TI - Oesophagoscopy, biopsy, and acid perfusion test in diagnosis of "reflux oesophagitis". AB - The results of fibreoptic endoscopy have been assessed retrospectively in 71 patients referred for consideration of the oesophagus as the possible or probable cause of their symptoms. Gross endoscopic abnormality was uncommon but friability of the mucosa was seen in about half of the patients with typical symptoms of "reflux-pain" and a quarter of those without. The combination of radiological reflux and endoscopic abnormality--that is, true reflux oesophagitis--was seen in only a third of the patients with typical symptoms though much less commonly in those with atypical symptoms. Histological abnormality was common but did not relate well to symptom pattern. The results of the acid perfusion test were significantly related to symptom pattern though overlap was observed between the two symptomatic groups. Six of these patients had had or were awaiting surgery to correct reflux and they all had uniformly positive findings. This study confirms the value of the acid perfusion test in clarifying the diagnosis of reflux pain, espcially if the symptoms are difficult to assess. Endoscopy and biopsy added little further information of diagnostic value and could probably be reserved for the small minority of patients who have special problems such as blood loss or dysphagia or where clarification of a radiological lesion is required. PMID- 1109664 TI - The general practitioner and changes in obstetric practice. AB - Compared with the 1960s fewer general practitioners today are obtaining a postgraduate diploma in obstetrics, and the future more stringent criteria for practitioners wishing to undertake this will probably restrict the numbers of family doctors wishing to practise in this field. More deliveries are being performed in institutions--either in consultant or general-practitioner units. Morever, within a decade probably few G.P.s will attend during normal labour or delivery, which can and should be conducted by midwives. In future, therefore, G.P.s should have a new role in obstetrics, being responsible for some antenatal supervision and postnatal care, including postnatal examinations, taking a cervical smear, and advice on birth control. PMID- 1109665 TI - Letter: Consultant contract. PMID- 1109663 TI - Pathophysiology of subendocardial ischaemia. AB - Most forms of heart disease cause myocardial damage which often is confined to the deep (subendocardial) layer of left ventricular muscle. Much clinical and experimental evidence suggests that subendocardial muscle is prone to ischaemic damage, and a physiological mechanism for this vulnerability is described. Furthermore, experiments suggest that pressures recorded at cardiac catheterization can help to assess if there is subendocardial ischaemia in a variety of lesions in man. PMID- 1109666 TI - Letter: Private beds in N.H.S. hospitals. PMID- 1109667 TI - Letter: G.P.s and the crisis. PMID- 1109668 TI - Letter: Well-woman clinics. PMID- 1109669 TI - Letter: Forecasting subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 1109670 TI - Letter: Effective dosage of tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 1109671 TI - Letter: Malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 1109672 TI - Letter: Pericarditis and peritonitis associated with practolol therapy. PMID- 1109673 TI - Letter: Visual evoked potentials and transient ischaemia attacks. PMID- 1109674 TI - Letter: Deaths during dentistry. PMID- 1109675 TI - Letter: Imported diseases. PMID- 1109676 TI - Letter: Medical Nemesis. PMID- 1109677 TI - Letter: Vitamin D deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1109678 TI - Letter: More abortions? PMID- 1109679 TI - Letter: Poisoned children. PMID- 1109680 TI - Letter: The HBAg carrier. PMID- 1109681 TI - Letter: Antiemetics for high-dose cyclophosphamide. PMID- 1109682 TI - Letter: Pneumothorax associated with acupuncture. PMID- 1109683 TI - Letter: Safety and fibreoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 1109684 TI - Letter: Advertising consultant posts. PMID- 1109685 TI - Letter: Knocking the B.M.A. PMID- 1109686 TI - Phase dependent reflex reversal during walking in chronic spinal cats. PMID- 1109687 TI - Olfactory stimulation with controlled and monitored step pulses of odor. PMID- 1109688 TI - N-ethylmaleimide-induced conductance changes in the giant neuron of Aplysia. PMID- 1109689 TI - Responses of central neurones to amantadine: comparison with dopamine and amphetamine. PMID- 1109690 TI - Effects of amphetamine isomers and neuroleptics on self-stimulation from the nucleus accumbens and dorsal noradrenergic bundle. AB - In an attempt to examine the possible role of noradrenergic (NA) and dopaminergic (DA) systems in intracranial self-stimulation (ICS), the rate-increasing effects of D- and L-amphetamine on ICS were determined in rats with nucleus accumbens electrodes (DA placement) or dorsal NA bundle electrodes (NA placement). The D isomer produced a significantly greater increase in ICS than did the L-isomer in animals with dorsal NA bundle electrodes. In contrast, the amphetamine isomers were equipotent in facilitating ICS in animals with nucleus accumbens electrodes. These data, together with previous observations, suggest that there exists a correlation between equipotential effects of D- and L-amphetamine and DA electrode placements on the one hand, and prepotent effects of D-amphetamine and NA electrode placements on the other. Pimozide and haloperidol, which in low doses are thought to specifically block DA receptors, decreased ICS obtained from both DA and NA electrode placements. It is suggested that neuroleptic drugs may produce a general disruption of operant behavior and that the decrease in ICS produced by these agents does not therefore necessarily implicate dopaminergic mechanisms in the neurochemistry of reward. PMID- 1109691 TI - In vivo inhibition of striatal acetycholine turnover by L-DOPA, apomophine and (plus)-amphetamine. PMID- 1109692 TI - Differential effects of caffeine, D-amphetamine and methylphenidate on individual raphe cell fluorescence: a microspectrofluorimetric demonstration. PMID- 1109693 TI - Memory deficit in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus. PMID- 1109694 TI - Consequences of hypothyroidism during infancy on the function of cerebellar neurons in the adult rat. PMID- 1109695 TI - Estradiol-17beta: a metabolite of testosterone recovered in cell nuclei from limbic areas of neonatal rat brains. PMID- 1109696 TI - Focal axonal swelling in cerebellum of quaking mouse: light and electron microscopic studies. PMID- 1109697 TI - Ascending projections of pontine genital sensory neurons in the female cat. PMID- 1109698 TI - A consideration of ketamine dreams. AB - This study was designed to see whether covering of the eyes during and after ketamine anaesthesia would reduce the incidence of dreams. One hundred and fifty patients, randomly divided into three groups, underwent therapeutic abortion with ketamine as the sole anaesthesia. One hundred patients had their eyes completely covered, 50 in the operating room only and 50 in the operating room and in the recovery room. The third 50 were controls, with their eyes uncovered. All patients were questioned post-operatively about dreams, nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness and experiences, and also how frequently they dreamed at home. Although covering the eyes in the recovery room only reduced the incidence of dreams marginally, it became obvious that the patients who dreamed after ketamine (in all 3 groups) were those who normally dreamed at home. There were 82 patients who were recorded as not being home-dreamers, and only two of these dreamed after ketamine. In contrast, of the 68 home-dreamers, 50 dreamed after ketamine, and 17 of these had unpleasant dreams. In the home-dreamers, covering the eyes reduced the incidence of dreams from 86 per cent in Group 1 to 72 per cent in Group 2 and 64 per cent in Group 3. It is suggested that goggles may be advantageous when dealing with home-dreamers, and a question about the patient's tendency to dream should be included in the preoperative questioning. Alterations in premedication and the use of a quiet dark room during recovery may even further reduce unpleasant dreams in this group. PMID- 1109699 TI - Anaesthetic technicians in the province of Quebec. AB - I have described the recent history of the development of anaesthetic technicians in the Province of Quebec. Anaesthetic technicians will have the same training program as inhalation therapists. This program is organized through the CEGEP (College D' Enseignement General et Professionnel) system in Quebec. The Association of Anesthetists of the Province of Quebec (AAPQ) has sponsored inhalation therapy and now sponsors fully the program for training anaesthetic and technicians. The Government has approved the program. It is now in operation and the first anaesthetic technicians in Quebec have in fact graduated in 1973. PMID- 1109700 TI - A simplified scoring system for the post-operative recovery room. AB - A new and very simple scoring system for recording post-anaesthetic recovery is described. When numerical values are assigned to factors indicating recovery progress or lack of it is obvious. The records may have medico-legal value. It can be incorporated into the Recovery Room Record. PMID- 1109701 TI - Letters to the editor: Methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity. PMID- 1109702 TI - Blood substitutes. AB - Substitutes for whole blood include blood fractions such as plasma, serum albumin and other fluids of various kinds which are not derived from blood but are used as plasma volume expanders; these, include the usual crystaloid intravenous solutions. Since in comparison to blood far more of these later solutions are given intravenously, a thorough knowledge of plasma volume expanders is essential. The first use of such expanders in human patients was by Hogan in 1915. He used colloidal gelatin and noted an improvement in blood pressure in shock. In 1945, Gronwall and Ingelman advocated the use of dextran in shock. The reguirements for an acceptable plasma substitute are: a satisfactory colloidal osmotic pressure, constand composition at reasonable cost, a viscosity suitable for intravenous administration, stability in prolonged storage at variable temperatures, and sterilization by autoclaving. Such substances must be either fully excreted or metabolized, and must cause no early or late tissue damage. They must be non-antigenic and pyrogen free. They must cause no change in the blood such as haemolysis, R.B.C. agglutination, increased sedimentation rate and no impairment of haemostasis. The presently available plasma expanders include blood derivatives (plasma, albumin), modified protein (gelatin, oxypolygelatin), polymerized carbohydrates (dextran) and plastics (polyvinyl pyrrolidone-PVP). All these substances expand plasma volume, decrease haematocrit and plasma proteins, increase sedimentation rate and blood pressure. Dextran, PVP and geletin do not alter hepatic function. Dextran and gelatin have no deleterious effects on renal function. Features of the clinically used plasma expanders are: 1. Fresh Frozen Plasma Fresh frozen plasma contains all clotting factors except platelets. The risk of the transmission of hepatitis is present as it is with whole blood. 2. Plasma Protein Fractions Plasma protein fractions are free of hepatitis virus, but may cause arteriolar dilatation and hypotension. 3. Serum Albumin Serum albumin is a concentrated blood protein fraction. It is salt poor, stable and does not transmit the virus of hepatitis. Since it has a high oncotic pressure it is necessary to give significant quantities of clear fluids with it. It is expensive, scarce, and dilutes the clotting factors. It is, however, a first choice for emergency treatment of shock; 4. Dextran The dextrans may be of medium or low molecular weight. They are inexpensive and readily available, and do not transmit the virus of hepatitis. In large amounts they cause a coagulation defect and may be antigenic. Continued. PMID- 1109703 TI - Indications for blood transfusion. PMID- 1109704 TI - Prediction of arterial carbon dioxide tension during controlled ventilation with a modified Mapleson D system. AB - Based on measurements of arterial CO2 tension in 132 adult patients, a curve was constructed relating fresh gas inflow and arterial CO2 tension for a modified Mapleson D system. In patients on controlled ventilation using a ventilating volume greater than the predicted respiratory minute volume, it was found that the arterial Pco2 can be predicted from the fresh gas inflow with an accuracy sufficient to be clinically useful. PMID- 1109705 TI - Early changes in lung water after haemorrhagic shock in pigs and dogs. AB - This study has demonstrated a 34 per cent rise in lung water after shock and retransfusion of blood. This extra lung water was associated with increased pulmonary artery pressure, increased plumonary vascular resistance and reduced myocardial performance. These findings occurred despite the failure of arterial pressure to return to normal after retransfusion blood. Although this increased lung water is less than anything which can be detected clinically it may represent the beginnings of the shock lung syndrome as oedema progresses over period of weeks. A reasonable approach to the problem should include attempts to reduce the elevated plumonary vascular resistance. NaHCO3 should be infused before or during administration of the first bottle of blood in an attempt to improve myocardial function and reduce pulmonary vascular resistance. Fluids should not be infused simply to return arterial pressures in the pulmonary vascular bed. Pulmonary artery and wedge pressure monitoring with Swan Ganz catheters may improve the management of shock patients. PMID- 1109706 TI - Use of aspirin in haemorrhagic shock. AB - Haemorrhagic shock was induced in two similar groups of dogs for two hours. One group received aspirin before shock and the other group served as a control. When blood was retransfused the PVR which was markedly elevated during shock returned to pre-shock value in the aspirin group but was elevated 100 per cent in the control group, despite correction of a cidosis. Aspirin reduces collagen-induced platelet aggregation and thereby inhibits the formation of platelet micro-emboli without affecting the coagulationfactors. This effect of aspirin is thought to be responsible for the lowering of the elevated PVR to pre-shock values in the aspirin group following retransfusion. Because of the metabolic acidosis associated with the shock state, concurrent administration of sodium bicarbonate is recommended when transfusing shocked patients with blood. A clinical trial of aspirin in early treatment of shocked patients as well as for prophylaxis in high risk situations is justified. PMID- 1109707 TI - Effect of methoxyflurane on renal concentrating power. PMID- 1109709 TI - Chloroprocaine-bupivacaine sequence for obstetric extradural analgesia. AB - Two case reports, one a vaginal delivery, the other a Caesarean Section, have been presented to demonstrate the rationale of employing a chloroprocaine bupivacaine sequence for extradural analgesia in obstetrics. Use of chloroprocaine for initiation and bupivacaine for maintenance of the block offers at least three advantages: (1) onset of pain relief is prompt while duration is prolonged; (2) more than one "test" dose of chloroprocaine may be employed with safety in rapid succession; (3) two drugs with different metabolic patterns are used, each in reduced amount. PMID- 1109708 TI - An evaluation of etiodocaine (Duranest): a new local anaesthetic agent. PMID- 1109710 TI - Anaesthesia for posterior cervical osteotomy. AB - We have studied 22 consecutive cases of posterior cervical osteotomy done at the Toronto East General Hospital between October 1967 and November 1973. The anaesthetic management is discussed in some detail and consists of psychological preparation of the patient, and neuroleptanalgesia with infiltration with local anaesthetic by the surgeon. The reasons for this choice of technique have been discussed in some detail. There were no deaths during operation, but one patient suffered collapse on the table, which was thought to be due to air embolism. One patient died three weeks post-operatively of pulmonary embolism. Experience in anaesthetizing patients who require operation after previous posterior cervical osteotomy is mentioned briefly and techniques are recommended for successful management of such cases. PMID- 1109711 TI - Direct arterial pressure monitoring from the dorsalis pedis artery. AB - The arteria dorsalis pedis, when clearly palpable, is a suitable artery for direct arterial blood pressure monitoring. The systolic pressure and the pulse pressure are likely higher in the dorsalis pedis artery when compared to the radial artery but there is no clinically significant difference in mean pressures. In plethysmographic studies it was found that in 16 per cent of the patients examined the pulse in the second toe disappeared after occlusion of the dorsalis pedis artery indicating that it carried the main blood supply to the toes. Although no complications have resulted from cannulation of the dorsalis pedis artery in our practise, some caution is in order and preliminary testing may be advisable even if the posterior tibial artery is distinctly palpable. PMID- 1109712 TI - Insurance protection. Part III: the trip from home to office. PMID- 1109713 TI - Implied consent is not enough. PMID- 1109714 TI - Letter: Cardiorespiratory fitness. PMID- 1109715 TI - Letter: Screening for hypertension. PMID- 1109716 TI - Letter: Therapeutic abortion. PMID- 1109717 TI - Letter: Therapeutic abortion. PMID- 1109718 TI - Letter: Therapeutic abortion. PMID- 1109719 TI - Letter: Postgraduate clinical education. PMID- 1109721 TI - Statistics limited. PMID- 1109720 TI - Letter: Therapeutic abortion. PMID- 1109722 TI - Hygeia. PMID- 1109723 TI - Prevalence and significance of hepatitis B surface antigen in a general hospital. AB - Over a 6-month period 2025 patients admitted to New Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). CIEP detected 12 HBsAg positive patients and RIA 16. RIA is therefore the more sensitive test for HBsAg. Of the 16 patients 2 had liver disease previously diagnosed, 3 had malignant disease and 11 were asymptomatic carriers. Of the 11 carriers all were born in countries where the carrier rate is known to be high. Routine screening of hospital patients on admission is of no value in detecting unsuspected liver disease but is of value in detecting asymptomatic carriers, which is of importance for the patient and his family. Routine screening tests for HBsAg in Canadian hospitals that treat many patients born in countries with a known high HBsAg prevalence is recommended. Routine screening is also recommended in all hospitals in Mediterranean and Asian countries. PMID- 1109724 TI - Hepatitis B antigen in Montreal blood donors: childhood institutionalization as an epidemiologic factor. AB - In 1971 the Canadian Red Cross blood tranfusion service instituted routine screening for HBAg of all blood donors, using nationwide a standardized counterimmunoelectrophoretic technique. The prevalence of carriers in the Province of Quebec is unusually high (0.51%), being 3 to 12 times higher than in the other nine provinces. Among the carriers found in the Montreal area 289 volunteered to be seen by our group for an extensive interview and a series of laboratory tests. There were 243 men and 46 women; their ages ranged from 18 to 55, 90% being less than 40. Twenty-nine were of foreign origin and 260 were born in Canada. The epidemiologic data revealed that the reservoir of HBAg carriers among the blood donors of the Montreal area was found predominantly in the autochthonous population of French origin. Moreover, it appeared that 149 (52%) had lived in institution when they were infants or children: 127 were orphans and had been placed in institutions as newborns or babies, and 22 others had lived in institutions for at least 1 year between the ages of 5 and 10. This was by far the most important single epidemiologic factor that could contribute to the explanation of the abnormally high prevalence of HBAg carriers in the population studied. PMID- 1109725 TI - Hepatitis B antigenemia among blood donors: the changing scene. AB - For the period May 1973 to August 1974 inclusive, the mean prevalence of hepatitis B antigenemia (HBsAg) in all Canadian provinces (per 100,000 population) was, for "first-time" donors, 242 and, for "repeat" donors, 77. A modification of counterimmunoelectrophoresis was used in all 16 regional transfusion centres. The findings confirm the previously noted high prevalence for the Province of Quebec and the continuing relatively high prevalence for Canada. The prevalence of HBsAg among donors could be lessened by institution of the following measures: development of a more effective technique for the screening of hepatitis carriers, study of nonparenterally transmitted hepatitis, better reporting of post-transfusion hepatitis, and greater discrimination in prescribing blood and blood components. PMID- 1109726 TI - On the delivery of intensive care. AB - A 12-bed medical-surgical intensive care unit in a provincial, university affiliated teaching hospital had 810 admissions during an 18-month period. Most patients were admitted under the care of a family physician. Quality care in the ICU was maintained by the efforts of dedicated unit managers, specialists and house staff. The overall mortality in the ICU of 8.1%, when added to the post-ICU mortality of 2.7% (giving a total hospital mortality of 10.8%), compares favourably with the best reported figures. Strong emphasis on selection of patients with potentially reversible disease, prompted in part by the limited facilities, may have played a role in yielding such favourable statistics. It is possible to retain participation of all members of the health care team during the brief phase of severe illness requiring intensive care. PMID- 1109727 TI - The pharmacist as a provider of primary care. AB - A survey was undertaken to document the primary health care role of the pharmacist in London, Ont. Of particular interest was the volume of primary contacts, the type of problem handled and the advice given by the pharmacist. The contribution of pharmacists in primary health care was found to be large, with neighbourhood pharmacies being the most active. Eighty percent of all problems were handled by recommending an over-the-counter drug. The pharmacist appears to be comfortable in this function, although a conflict may exist between his professional and merchant roles. PMID- 1109728 TI - Career and training patterns of students entering Canadian medical schools in 1965. AB - This paper follows the careers of the 1128 students who entered Canadian medical schools in 1965, most of whom graduated in 1969. The type of career pursued (whether general or specialty practice or some combination thereof), the type of specialty undertaken, the place of internship and residency training and the 1973 practice location of the graduates are examined. The wide variation in careers followed by the 12 schools' graduates provides the major focus of the paper. PMID- 1109729 TI - Pathogenesis of the "sentinel headache" preceding berry aneurysm rupture. AB - Pathologic examination in a case of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage from a berry aneurysm showed that the "sentinel" or warning headache in this patient was due to the leakage of blood into the subarachnoid space through a previous small tear in the wall of her saccular aneurysm. Oribital pain, transient, dysphasia, dizziness and, later, meningismus might have prompted the performing of a lumbar puncture to determine the presence of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid. This type of event is the likely pathogenetic mechanism for the premonitory headache that may precede a lethal rupture of a saccular aneurysm. PMID- 1109730 TI - Are you part of the problem? PMID- 1109731 TI - Are we part of the problem? PMID- 1109732 TI - Reappraisal of hemiblock. AB - The left bundle branch separates into the left anterior and the left posterior divisions. The impulse travels to the left ventricle via both divisions when they are intact. When one division is blocked, the diagnosis is hemiblock. Diagnostic criteria for left anterior hemiblock are marked left axis deviation, small Q wave in lead I and small R wave in lead III, little or no prolongation of the QRS interval, and no evidence of other causes of left axis deviation. Criteria for left posterior hemiblock are marked right axis deviation, small R wave in lead I and small Q wave in lead III, little or no prolongation of the QRS interval, and no evidence of other causes of right axis deviation. A pure form of hemiblock is not uncommon, especially during acute anterior myocardial infarction, but right bundle-branch block often coexists with hemiblock. Like left bundle-branch block, hemiblocks rarely occur in healthy persons. They are commonly associated with coronary or hypertensive disease or both and are less commonly associated with cardiomyopathies and calcified aortic disease. PMID- 1109733 TI - The rational use of potassium supplements. PMID- 1109734 TI - Renin and hypertension. PMID- 1109735 TI - Anemia in adolescence. 1. Disturbances of iron balance. PMID- 1109736 TI - Anemia in adolescence. 2. Hemoglobinopathies and other causes. AB - Many complex forces are at work during adolescence which can contribute to the occurrence of anemia. Careful consideration of the entire patient should enable a physician to identify the unusual as well as the more common causes of anemia in this age group. Anemia in teenage girls is primarily due to menstrual iron loss. In boys, borderline diets and the demands of rapid growth predominate as causative factors. Hemoglobinopathies (thalassemia, sickle cell disease), G6PD deficiency, infectious mononucleosis, and illicit drug use account for small proportions of cases. PMID- 1109737 TI - Editorial: Atherosclerosis and blood coagulation. PMID- 1109738 TI - Clinical conference: Polyuric syndrome. PMID- 1109739 TI - Isorhythmic atrioventricular dissociation due to double AV junctional rhythms. PMID- 1109740 TI - Letter: Wilful exposure to unwanted pregnancy. PMID- 1109741 TI - Letter: Medical school enrolment. PMID- 1109742 TI - Letter: Medical school enrolment. PMID- 1109743 TI - Letter: The unwanted pregnancy. PMID- 1109744 TI - Letter: Febrile reactions after cloxacillin. PMID- 1109746 TI - Motivation in basic science teaching. PMID- 1109745 TI - Letter: Food asphyxiation. PMID- 1109747 TI - Distribution of primary cancers of the liver in the Province of Quebec. AB - All records of primary liver cancer reported to the tumor registry of the Province of Quebec from 1969 to 1972 were collected and were classified according to sex, age and place of residence. Men had higher incidence of primary liver cancer and the disease developed at an earlier age in men than it did in women. There was a noticeable difference in the number of cases in rural and urban areas, and a significant difference in the incidence in the 10 districts of the province. Cases in urban areas were clustered in a few industrialized cities. Our findings are in agreement with previous reports that show a relationship between primary cancer of the liver and the presence of chemicals in the environment. PMID- 1109748 TI - Psoriatic arthritis in severe psoriasis. AB - SUMMARY: Of 100 patients admitted to hospital for treatment of psoriasis, 32 had clinical or radiologic evidence of psoriatic arthritis and 17 had both types of evidence. Eight had radiologic evidence of spinal or sarroiliac involvement without symptoms and seven had clinical evidence of peripheral arthritis without radiologic evidence. Patients with psoriatic sacroilitis and spondylitis were most likely to have typical radiograpic changes. It was concluded that psoriatic arthritis is common in patients with severe psoriasis and that is associated with more extensive skin disease than is found in patients without arthritis. PMID- 1109749 TI - Clinical aspects of atypical mycobacterial infection. AB - SUMMARY: Atypical mycobacterial infections may give rise to various clinical difficulties. Case reports of six patients--three adult patients with pulmonary lesions, two children with cervical lymphadentis and one patient in whom the atypical mycobacterium appeared to be present as a commensal--illustrate these difficulties. Determination of the significance of the organism and differentiation of condition from tuberculosis and others requires consideration of the clinical picture, the results of skin testing, histologic features and cultural characteristics. Three patients, including the two children, were treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, with satisfactory results. An elderly patient with chronic bronchitis and a pulmonary infection due to M. kansasii was treated successfully with antiuberculosis agents alone. Chemotherapy is being tried on a fifth patient with cavitary disease due to M. intracellulare, but is seems likely that an operation will also be required. PMID- 1109750 TI - Hepatic artery ligation in treatment of carcinoid syndrome. AB - SUMMARY: In a patient with malignant carcinoid syndrome with metastasis to the liver, cardiac lesions, pulmonary hypertension, pellagra-like skin lesions and depression developed. Her disability progressed despite medical therapy and two courses of chemotherapy. The primary tumour had been resected but the metastatic mass in the liver could not be resected because of its anatomic position. The dramatic improvement after hepatic artery ligation was correlated with urinary 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid excretion. PMID- 1109751 TI - [Teaching of morphologic sciences in 13 Canadian medical schools (author's transl)]. AB - A survey of teaching of morphologic sciences in Canadian medical schools has shown that few radical changes have taken place in most schools. The survey has also shown the following: (a) department chairmen have a major influence on teaching of morphologic sciences; (b) they are worried about the diminishing time alloted to them; (c) students, by their choice of electives, do not seem to share that worry; (d) lectures remain popular, as does disection in most schools; and (e) audiovisual methods, especially rediology, are becoming more popular but are not yet used on a very large scale. PMID- 1109752 TI - Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. PMID- 1109753 TI - The family doctor in Canada. Part III: Researching the possibilities. PMID- 1109754 TI - This guide provides base for filing tax return but professional advice is a good investment. PMID- 1109755 TI - Patient expects honesty: 'I came to him, you know; he didn't come to me'. PMID- 1109756 TI - This procedure has legal as well as clinical risks. PMID- 1109757 TI - Criteria of brain death: review and comparison. AB - The concept of brain death has become important in law and medicine, replacing in some instances the concept of circulatory arrest as a definition of death. Yet, brain death has not been established as a clear clinical or pathologic entity, a point brought out here by comparison of criteria for identification. The need for more research is evident. PMID- 1109758 TI - Prevention of stroke. PMID- 1109759 TI - Urination by racehorses as related to environmental factors. PMID- 1109760 TI - Prostatic abscess in a Springer Spaniel. PMID- 1109761 TI - [Fetal maceration in a mare]. PMID- 1109762 TI - Natural infection and treatment of a dog with Mesocestoides tapeworms. PMID- 1109763 TI - Sulphur poisoning in cattle. PMID- 1109764 TI - Necrobacillosis in deer and pronghorn antelope in Saskatchewan. PMID- 1109765 TI - Letter: Disease resembling feline leprosy. PMID- 1109766 TI - Symposium theme: a conceptual approach to integrated cancer therapy. AB - The term "integrated cancer therapy" reflects treatment in which the decision making process is disease oriented rather than specialty or modality oriented. Two phases of integrated cancer therapy can be defined, the first being a determination of the treatment failure mechanisms for each of the variable clinical presentations of specific neoplasms. The second phase, integration of the available treatment modalities, is aimed at neutralizing the inherent weakness of any one method with the strength of other methods. A general strategic approach is presented. PMID- 1109767 TI - Inhibitory effect of prolonged Corynebacterium parvum and cyclophosphamide administration on the growth of established tumors. AB - The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of prolonged administration of C. parvum alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide for the treatment of established, measurable C3H tumors. The continued weekly administration of C. parvum by itself provided a limited but significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth and significantly prolonged survival. Intraperitoneal and intravenous administration was found to be more effective than the subcutaneous route. When C. parvum was administered asynchronously in combination with cyclophosphamide at weekly intervals a tumor growth inhibitory effect was achieved which was greater than that resulting from either agent along. Such an effect was consistently obtained and was seemingly independent of the sequence of drug administration. When cyclophosphamide preceded the initial C. parvum administration, arrest in the rate of tumor growth occurred, resulting in infinite tumor doubling time for the duration of observation (greater than 90 days). The combination of C. parvum and cyclophosphamide produced a more effective inhibition of tumor growth than did BCG and cyclophosphamide similarly employed. The importance of these findings relative to clinical application is considered. While the significance and genesis of the marked desmoplastic reaction characterizing tumors from animals treated with C. parvum and cyclophosphamide is at present speculative, consideration is given to the possibility that this could signify a host response against tumor growth. PMID- 1109768 TI - Concepts for systemic treatment of micrometastases. AB - If total tumor cell kill is a requirement for "cure," as it probably is for at least some tumors, treatment of micrometastases containing less than or equal to 10-6 viable tumor cells is a problem facing all cancer therapists. Metastatic tumor cell foci of less than or equal to 10-6 cells, particularly if widely disseminated, are, in the main, grossly undetectable and are, therefore, the proper targets for the chemotherapist and the immunotherapist. Current knowledge of tumor cell population growth kinetics indicates that the growth fraction (viable cells undergoing active cell replication) is inversely related to population size. Micrometastases should, therefore, be more sensitive to antimetabolite (cell-cycle-specific) anticancer drugs than the larger, grossly apparent, primary tumor from which they were derived. In fact, drug response of the primarytumor may not reliably predict the sensitivity of micrometastases to cell-cycle-specific drugs. In addition, optimal drug treatment scheduling for effective, but noncurative, drugs against clinically recognized tumors may not predict optimal scheduling of the same drugs against micrometastases. This is shown particularly in cell-cycle-specific drugs, since the generation time of tumor cells in small population foci (less than 10-7 cells) is often significantly shorter than in larger population foci (greater than 10-7 cells). Since first-order cell kill kinetics characterizes effective drug kill of tumor cells and the best currently known anticancer drugs have variable but generally limited tumor cell kill potential, drug treatment of likely micrometastases should be started as soon after the end of likely noncurative radiologic or surgical treatment as possible. Experimental data indicating that significantly smaller numbers of viable tumor cells can establish lethal tumors in the presence of radiation-inactivated tumor cells than in their absence suggest that small populations of residual viable tumor cells in radiation-treated tumor sites may be a greater threat to clinical cure than similar sized populations remaining in situ after surgery. Experimental data supporting the above concepts are presented and discussed. PMID- 1109769 TI - Nodular mesothelial hyperplasia in hernia sacs: a benign reactive condition simulating a neoplastic process. AB - Thirteen cases of hernia sacs exhibiting mesothelial hyperplasia of such a degree as to simulate a malignant process are presented. There were 2 infants, 7 children, and 4 adults. The hernias were inguinal in 12 patients and epigastric in the remaining. In 7 cases (52%) there was a history of trauma or some other source of injury to the sac, such as incarceration. Microscopically, solid nodules of atypical mesothelial cells were seen in the hernia sac, either free or attached to the wall. Mitoses, multinucleated cells, and "strap cells" were sometimes present. Clues to the mesothelial nature of the proliferation were the cytologic features and the presence of similar changes in the lining of the hernia sac. PMID- 1109770 TI - A clinicopathologic study of 92 cases of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary with special reference to the factors influencing prognosis. AB - Ninety-two cases of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary have been studied. The clinical and pathologic data from this group were similar to that obtained in previous series. Because of the long natural history of many granulosa cell tumors, crude death rates over a relatively short period give little indication of the true malignant potential of these neoplasms and hence corrected survival rates were calculated; these show that, if no patient died from any other disease, approximately half of the women with this neoplasm would die, as a result of the tumor, within 20 years. Factors indicating a relatively poor survival rate were: age over 40 at the time of diagnosis, a presentation with abdominal symptoms, a palpable mass, a solid large tumor, bilateral tumors, extraovarian spread, and numerous mitotic figures in the tumor. It is suggested that all granulosa cell tumors should be considered as malignant and that the factors pointing to a poor prognosis are those indicating that a particular tumor has been diagnosed at a late stage in its natural history, either because it has been present for a long time or because it is highly malignant. There are no definite criteria for defining the prognosis in a case in which the tumor has been removed at any early stage in its natural life history. PMID- 1109771 TI - Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (protocol no. 4). I. Observations concerning the multicentricity of mammary cancer. AB - Microscopic foci of multicentric cancer were detected in 121 of 904 breasts surgically removed for a clinically overt, invasive cancer. This incidence of 13.4% is regarded as a conservative estimate since examples of such lesions occurring in the same quadrant as the dominant mass, except in those instances in which the latter was present within the tail of the breast or beneath the nipple, were excluded from the analysis. Further, this data was obtained from only one randomly selected block of the quadrants, and in 41% of the cases only one or two were available for study. Multiple multicentric cancers were found in the same breast in two and three quadrants in 11.6% and 5.8% of the cases respectively. In 9.3% of the cases the multicentric cancers were designated as noninvasive (lobular in situ and/or intraductal) and in 4.1% invasive. An attempt to correlate the occurrence of multicentric cancers with a large number of pathologic and some clinical features disclosed a statistically significant association between multicentricity and grossly nonencapsulated dominant cancers with maximum diameters greater than 5 cm, the presence of a moderate or marked intraductal component and noninvasive cancer in its vicinity, and tumor involvement of the nipple. In addition, it was noted that there was a greater likelihood that the primary tumor was of the lobular invasive type and that the overlying skin was involved when the multicentric cancer was invasive rather than noninvasive. Lymphatic tumor emboli were observed in quadrants in 18 or 2.0% of the cases. Although the number of examples is small, nevertheless positive associations were noted with the occurrence of primary tumors that were in the left breast or beneath the nipple and were not grossly circumscribed, but exhibited a nuclear grade of 1, intralymphatic and blood vessel invasion, calcium, and involvement of the overlying skin as well as nipple. In addition, patients with such intralymphatic extension were more likely to have clinically detectable lymph nodes of which four or more contained metastases. The relationship of these findings to the rationale of such procedures as segmental resection in the surgical treatment of breast cancer is discussed. PMID- 1109772 TI - A family with atypical colonic polyposis and gastric cancer: a three-decade followup. AB - A three-decade followup of a family in whom multiple colonic polyps were found in 5 out of 11 members of one generation is presented. In 3 of these members, cancer was present in the colorectum. The clinical picture as well as the pathologic findings differ from those seen in familial polyposis. In the previous generation two cases of gastric cancer were found, as well as one case of colonic cancer. The high incidence of colonic polyps and cancer suggests a hereditary disease, but the mode of transmission cannot be definitely determined without following this family for a longer period. PMID- 1109773 TI - Lymphatic drainage of the breast on and through the pectoral muscles: importance in breast cancer. AB - As proponents of lesser procedures have called into question the necessity of removing the pectoral muscles in surgery for cancer of the breast, there has been a need to establish accurately the relationship of the lymphatics to the pectoral muscles and their fascia. This problem has been approached using the technique of high resolution autoradiography. After histologic review of pectoral muscles from rabbits into whom a tritiated high-molecular-weight dextran was injected subareolarly, a high degree of labeling was found deep within the septa of the pectoral muscle bundles as well as along the investing fascia. It was concluded that lymphatic draining mammary lymph pass deep within the pectoral muscles in this species. PMID- 1109774 TI - Combined modality therapy of Ewing's sarcoma. AB - Since 1964, 66 consecutive patients with Ewing's sarcoma have been treated at the National Cancer Institute with local irradiation of the primary site combined with adjuvant regimens of progressively more intensive systemic chemotherapy. Actuarial survival rates for the total series show a 56% 2-year and 35% 5-year survival. The 43 patients without clinically detectable metastases at diagnosis have 64% 2-year and 52% 5-year survival rates. The current protocol, alternating high-dose pulses of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide-vincristine, is providing improved disease-free survival as compared to previous protocols, and indicates further progress toward the ultimate goal of complete tumor eradication. In addition to the problems of diagnostic accuracy in evaluating treatment results, other major factors influencing prognosis include initial metastatic disease, site of the primary tumor, age at diagnosis, and presence of systemic symptoms. At least these, and probably others, must be taken into account in developing randomized prospective trials for determination of optimal adjuvant therapy. PMID- 1109775 TI - How do you know you've done any better? AB - Three points are made in this paper. It is found that concurrent controlled randomized trials are most useful (especially Phase II trials) in speeding up the introduction of better treatments for cancer patients. A scheme of continuing comparative trials, proposed by Theodore Colton, which require no statistical significance tests, is strongly recommended. The "historical-controls" approach of Gehan and Freireich is examined and is largely rejected because it appears to be unworkable. It is urged that patient characteristics that are associated with good response be determined, for the process of giving each patient the optimal treatment for him. This is referred to as "the epidemiology of treatment." Two examples of how early uncontrolled results are misleading in evaluating potential cancer treatments are given. PMID- 1109776 TI - The role of cancer hospitals. PMID- 1109777 TI - The case of the warm moist compress. PMID- 1109778 TI - The Canadian Nurses' Foundation is its members. PMID- 1109779 TI - Write for the reader, he may need to know what you have to say. PMID- 1109780 TI - Editorial: Importance of questioning and evaluating new methods or equipment. PMID- 1109781 TI - Control: cigarettes & calories. PMID- 1109782 TI - The administrator: the real, the ideal. PMID- 1109783 TI - I can't quit now! PMID- 1109784 TI - Activity of 6-methyl-8-substituted ergolines against the 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma. AB - The ability of a series of 8-beta-carboxamido ergolines, 8-formamido ergolines, and 8-methyl ergolines to cause regressions of established dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas was compared to some ergot alkaloids. Although most of the ergoline derivatives depressed serum prolactin concentrations in rats, only a few had pronounced effects against the dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in rats. Some derivatives from each of the three groups of substituted ergolines gave comparable activities against the dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma. PMID- 1109785 TI - Inhibition of renal tubular transport of methotrexate by probenecid. AB - The mechanism of excretion of methotrexate (MTX) has been investigated in the monkey. Under steady-state conditions of varied plasma levels of MTX, it was determined that MTX was excreted by renal tubular transport as well as by glomerular filtration. The maximum rate of renal tubular transport of MTX (81 mug/min) was attained at plasma levels of MTX from 6 to 8 mug/ml. Correspondingly, the rate of clearance of MTX from plasma was shown to diminish from a value that was 3-fold greater than the glomerular filtration rate at plasma levels of MTX from 6 to 32 mug/ml. Pretreatment of animals with probenecid (700 mg/sq m) totally inhibited renal tubular transport of MTX when MTX was administered in doses from 1.8 to 621 mg/sq m. Following inhibition of renal tubular transport of MTX by probenecid, steady-state plasma levels of MTX in animals pretreated with probenecid (700 mg/sq m) was reduced by a factor of 2.6 from values determined in non-probenecid-pretreated control animals receiving similar varied doses of MTX (1.8 P to greater than 600 mg/sq m). The mode of i.v. injection of MTX was seen to effect the concentration of MTX in plasma. Initial loading followed by continuous sustaining infusion of MTX provided stable and higher levels of MTX in plasma than was determined in controls or in experimental animals pretreated with probenecid and receiving identical doses of MTX by single bolus injection. PMID- 1109786 TI - Identification, subcellular localization, and estrogen regulation of peroxidase in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. AB - An estrogen-induced, intensely staining peroxidase 3,3-diaminobenzidine-positive reaction product is found to be characteristic of hormone-dependent, 7,12 dimenthylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors of the rat. This product is demonstrated in thick sections of such tumors from intact or estrogen-treated castrate rats but is not seen in tumors that are in regression due to castration or estrogen deprivation. It is, furthermore, absent from tumors whose growth is unaffected by castration. The subcellular localization of this enzyme activity is restricted mainly to the nuclear envelope and cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum in addition to secretory granules. This provides the first evidence for a criterion that would allow differentiation of hormone-dependent and hormone-independent mammary cancer on histological sections and, as such, may have considerable potential as an aid in the classification of human breast cancer. PMID- 1109787 TI - Extraction of a factor from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells that increases the activity of the fetal isozyme of pyruvate kinase in mouse liver. AB - Isoelectrofocusing studies of mouse tissue extracts show mice to have a pyruvate kinase isozyme pattern very similar to that of the rat. Moreover, electrofocusing or kinetic assays conducted on liver extracts from normal mice and from mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors show that the latter have a higher proportion of the fetal K-isozyme of pyruvate kinase. Serial injection of the supernatant remaining after centrifugation of homogenized tumor cells at 100,000 x g, or of the phenolic extracts from the latter, produced a similar shift in the liver isozyme pattern involves both a decrease in L-isozyme activity and an increase in K-isozyme activity. However, only the increase in activity of the K-isozyme appears to be a specific response to injection of the extracts. The presence of a specific factor in these extracts was confirmed by the observation that similar extracts prepared from normal adult tissues did not increase activity of the K isozyme. On the other hand, phenolic extracts from fetal mice did increase K isozyme activity as did injections of serum from tumor-bearing mice or of the cell-free ascites fluid. Evidence is presented supporting the concept that the factor is proteinaceous in a nature, and that it acts by deprepressing synthesis of the K-isozyme. PMID- 1109788 TI - Clinical and immunological significance of human melanoma cytotoxic antibody. AB - The activity of a complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody in the sera of 21 melanoma patients was investigated using a microcytotoxicity assay. Heat inactivated sera were caused to react against mechanically dispersed fresh tumor cells in the presence of exogenous blood group AB complement. Cytotoxicity was evaluated relative to pooled normal sera as a control. Sera were cytotoxic against autochthonous tumor cells in 9 of 10 patients with localized or regional melanoma and in 1 of 11 patients with disseminated metastases. Cytotoxicity of sera was unrelated to size of tumor burden. Six of 7 antibody-positive sera (autochthonous system) were noncytotoxic to between 2 and 7 different allogeneic melanoma tumor cell preparations. Immunological reactivity of the cytotoxic antibody-positive and -negative groups was similar with respect to their capacity to be sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene, produce positive skin tests to microbial antigens, and produce antibodies to typhoid vaccination; serum immunoglobulins were comparable. These results support the reported findings of the presence of cytotoxic antibody in the sera of melanoma patients without disseminated metastases. PMID- 1109789 TI - Importance of physical properties of benzo(a)pyrene-ferric oxide mixtures in lung tumor induction. AB - Three mixtures of benzo(alpha)(a)pyrene (BP) and ferric oxide with different physical properties were given intratracheally to Syrian golden hamsters for an examination of their neoplastic potential. Hamsters treated with a preparation containing large aggregates of BP and ferric oxide resulting from nucleation of BP on the particles showed an earlier onset and higher incidence of respiratory tract tumors than animals given a mixture containing smaller aggregates prepared by hand-grinding. The greatest number of tumors were present in the trachea and the predominant type was the squamous carcinoma. A third preparation in which the carcinogen was not attached to the ferric oxide showed a low tumor incidence similar to that present after intratracheal intubation of BP in gelatin without a carrier particle. For this model system of respiratory carcinogenesis, the physical attachment of BP and the carrier dust is necessary for a high tumor yield. PMID- 1109790 TI - Biological behavior of malignant melanoma cells correlated to their survival in vivo. AB - Successive B16 melanoma tumor lines were selected for their ability to form pulmonary tumor nodules. This was accomplished by injecting tumor cells i.v. into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and 2 to 3 weeks later collecting the secondary tumor growths and placing them into tissue culture. These tumor cells were then injected i.v. into new syngeneic mice and the process was repeated several times. With each successive tumor line the number of experimental lung tumor nodules was significantly increased. The B16 lines were found to be stable in their metastatic properties even after many subculturings in vitro. These studies demonstrated that tumor cells that succeed in forming pulmonary tumor colonies also had increased invasive properties into normal tissues when implanted s.c. In addition, the tumor cell lines were prelabeled in vitro with [125-I]-5-iodo-2' deoxyuridine and suspensions of labeled cells were injected i.v. into normal syngeneic hosts. Animals were killed at intervals afterwards, and the lungs and blood were processed and monitored for radioactivity. At any time interval, the lungs of mice treated by injections of cells of high metastatic yield contained more tumor cells. The differences in tumor cell numbers in the lungs were most pronounced immediately following i.v. injection. These results suggest that an increased initial arrest of highly metastatic cells in a capillary bed may be a major factor in their increased survival. Low numbers of normal lymphocytes or lymphocytes from syngeneic mice immunized to the B16 melanoma, when mixed in vitro with the tumor cells, lead to the formation of multitumor cell-lymphocyte clumps. The degree of clumping was related to both the type of the metastatic tumor line and/or the syngeneic lymphocyte. These results support the hypothesis that the survival of invasive and/or circulating malignant tumor cells is not a random phenomenon; rather it appears that malignant cells possess unique qualities which allow for their survival. PMID- 1109791 TI - Metabolism and selective effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in L1210 and Host tissues in vivo. AB - The selectivity of action of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) against leukemic cells was studied in vivo. Dynamic state tissue levels of ara-C and of its mono-, di-, and triphosphate (ara-CTP) were measured in L1210 leukemic cells and in C57BL x DBA/2 F1 host tissues at different times after various doses of the agent. The levels were correlated with inhibition of thymidine incorporation into DNA and with cytocidal effects as measured by loss of isotopically prelabeled DNA. ara-CTP levels, but not those of the mono- and diphosphates of ara-C, were higher in leukemic cells and in host cell renewal systems than in other host tissues. DNA synthesis was equally inhibited by similar levels of ara CTP in ascitic L1210 cells, in leukemic infiltrates in liver, and in small intestine. However, L1210 cells accumulated higher levels of ara-CTP for longer periods than did small intestine, and correspondingly the inhibition of DNA synthesis was greater and more prolonged in leukemic cells. ara-C caused greater losses of prelabeled DNA in ascites cells and in infiltrated liver than in host small intestine. It appears that the differential net tissue level of ara-CTP and its duration are the determinants of chemotherapeutic efficacy of ara-C against L1210 leukemia. ara-C was the predominant nucleoside present in hydrolysates of ara-CTP fractions. By contrast, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil predominated in hydrolysates of monophosphate nucleotide fractions from ascites cells, liver, small intestine, and blood. Monophosphate nucleotide was also present in ascites fluid and plasma. PMID- 1109792 TI - Effects of cigarette smoking on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in lungs and tissues of inbred mice. AB - Inbred strains of mice have been classified as aromatic hydrocarbon responsive or nonresponsive depending upon whether the parenteral administration of these substances increases hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity. Aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness is controlled by genes at a small number of loci. Using 3-methylcholanthrene as inducing agent, strains A/J, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6J have been classified as responsive, whereas strains AKR/J, DBA/2J, and SWR/J are nonresponsive. Inhalation of cigarette smoke by both hepatic responsive and nonresponsive mice induces AHH activity in lung, but not in liver, stomach, small intestine, or kidney. The responsive strains have significantly higher levels of basal and induced AHH in the lung than do the hepatic nonresponsive strains. However, because of the especially low basal activity of AHH in lungs of hepatic nonresponsive strains, the ratio of AHH activity in animals treated with cigarette smoke to that in untreated animals is higher in nonresponsive than in responsive strains. AHH activity in lungs is fully induced within 6 to 12 hr after smoke inhalation and remains at the same level whether animals are treated 1 day or daily for 4 week;. AHH in lung returns to basal levels within 5 days after cessation of smoking. PMID- 1109793 TI - Specific and nonspecific stimulation of resistance to the growth and metastasis of the line 1 lung carcinoma. AB - The effects of specific dead tumor cell immunization and nonspecific immunostimulation with Corynebacterium parvum on the s.c. growth of the line 1 carcinoma in syngeneic BALB/c mice have been studied. Injection of heavily irradiated line ) carcinoma cells did not inhibit the transplantability or growth of the line 1 carcinoma, and in certain cases these treatments actually prolonged the period of rapid growth. This latter observation was traced to a mild inhibition of metastatic spread, which itself can slow the s.c. tumor growth. Treatment of the mice with 0.25 mg of C. parvum 7 days prior to transplant of the tumor had no effect on its growth by itself; but in combination with i.v. injected tumor cells, which themselves had no effect on tumor growth, a 45% inhibition of tumor growth was induced. These data demonstrate that, in the weekly immunogenic line 1 carcinoma system, inhibition of s.c. transplants requires not only exposure to tumor antigens but also stimulation of the immunological reactivity. PMID- 1109794 TI - Letter: Single-strand breaks in DNA--treated with MNNG. PMID- 1109795 TI - The effect of nephrectomy on the incidence of breast carcinoma in irradiated parabiosed rats. AB - The incidence of carsinoma the breast in parabiosed female NEDH rats is 2.5%. When one member of such a pair is irradiated, the incidence rises to 11% in the irradiated partner and 10% in the nonirradiated partner. If in such a pair of rats one kidney is removed from each partner, the incidence of breast carcinoma rises fivefold in the nonirradiated partner. The factors involved in such an increase probably have to do with alteration in retention, interchange, and feedback of the pituitary and ovarian hormones. PMID- 1109796 TI - A role for the macrophage in in vivo and in vitro resistance to murine bladder tumor cell growth. AB - Studies were performed to determine the role of macrophages in inhibition of growth of the same tumor cell type both in vitro and in vivo. Bladder transitional epithelium tumor cells were injected s.c. into Toxoplasma-infected mice, previously shown to contain activated macrophages, and into uninfected controls. The subsequent growth of a solid tumor was significantly less in the Toxoplasma-infected animals. Bladder tumor cells from the same cell line were grown in vitro either alone or in the presence of peritoneal lymphocytes and/or macrophages from oxoplasma-infected and control, uninfected mice. [3H]Thymidine incorporation by the tumor cells was inhibited only in the presence of macrophages from the Toxoplasma-infected animals. Lymphocytes alone did not appear to be cytotoxic under the conditions used. Moreover, lymphocytes from Toxoplasma-infected mice did not convey cytotoxicity to macrophages from control animals under the experimental conditions used. PMID- 1109797 TI - Suggestive evidence for in vivo binding of specific antitumor antibodies of human melanomas. AB - Antibodies eluted from homogenates of human melanoma cells reacted against melanoma cells reacted against melanoma antigens in a complement fixation test. Before elution, sonically treated homogenate did not react significantly against autologous serum but, following elution, antigenic activity increased markedly (up to 32-fold). Eluate of one melanoma reacted with the sonically treated residue of other melanomas but not with similarly prepared residues of sarcoma, carcinomas, or normal tissues. Melanoma eluates comtained more IgG than IgA. Traces of IgM were found in two melanoma eluates. Eluates of normal tissues (lung, kidney, and muscle) were devoid of serum proteins and did not react with the soncially treated melanoma residues. These results support the hypothesis that antitumor antibodies are bound to melanoma cells in vivo and that these antigens are cross-reactive. PMID- 1109798 TI - Intercalative binding of ellipticine to DNA. AB - Ellipticine (NSC 71795), a plant alkaloid with antitumor activity, is a weakly basic polycyclic molecule with dimensions similar to those of proflavin. Like proflavin, ellipticine exhibits hypocromic and bathochromic changes in absorption spectrum in the presence of DNA. It binds preferentially to helical DNA by intercalation, but the strength of binding is substantially greater than that of proflavin. The evidence for intercalation is based on effects on the sedimentation and viscosity of sheared DNA fragments, removal and reversal of the supercoiling of closed circular DNA, and electric dichroism measurements. The sedimentation and viscosity changes are quantitatively similar to those produced by proflavin. The unwinding angle on binding to supercoiled DNA is estimated to be 7.9 degrees, similar to that of proflavin. Electric dichroism shows the plane of the bound ellipticine molecule to be oriented parallel (plus or minus 7 degrees) to the plane of the bases in helical DNA. Ellipticine differs from proflavin in that it is uncharged at neutral pH and becomes protonated under mildly acid conditions. This feature may influence the intracellular distribution of the drug. Ellipticine bound to DNA is probably in its protonated form. PMID- 1109799 TI - Sputum cytology among frequent users of pressurized spray cans. AB - Sputum samples were collected from a group of private patients who had no respiratory symptoms but who frequently used aerosols generated by pressurized cans, and from two groups of controls. Atypical metaplastic changes in exfoliated cells were compared between the groups. An excess of moderate and marked atypical metaplastic cells was found among the frequent aerosol users. This association, which suggests that some aerosol preparations either alter the flora of the bronchial tree or contain carcinogenic agents, strongly suggests that additional studies be done on aerosol can ingredients, and that these sprays be used in a manner to minimize inhalation of the resultant aerosol, except for medical preparations where proper control is exercised. PMID- 1109800 TI - Lymphatic obstruction in carcinomatous ascites. AB - The i.p. inoculation of C3H mice with 5 times 10-6 cells of a transplantable ovarian carcinoma invariably evokes accumulation of large amounts of ascitic fluid. Histological and pharmacotherapeutic studies indicate that obstruction to peritoneal lymphatic drainage is a key factor in the formation of carcinomatous ascites in this model. In the early stages of ascites formation, an intense inflammatory reaction appears to occlude the condusts that connect the peritoneal cavity to the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus. This inflammatory reaction, elicited by the presence of tumor cells within the peritoneal cavity, can be inhibited with high-dose systemic corticosteroid therapy. Ascitic fluid accumulation in animals so treated is markedly retarded. Tumor cells do not gain access to lymphatic capillaries draining the peritoneal cavity until ascitic fluid accumulation is massive. Systemic anticoagulation with heparin or sodium warfarin does not prevent lodgment of tumor cells within these lymphatic capillaries, nor does it alter the pattern of ascitic fluid accumulation. Various considerations suggest that excess production of ascitic fluid is not a likely pathogenetic factor in murine carcinomatous ascites. PMID- 1109801 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for destruction in the halo nevus. AB - Nine halo nevi in various stages of regression were examined by electron microscopy for fine structural evidence of an immunological mechanism of tumor cell destruction and halo formation. Early regressing lesions (Stage I) showed nevus cells associated with infiltrating lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells, but without nevus cell destruction. In later lesions (Stages II and III), vacuolar cytolysis was commonly observed in nevus cells. In Stage III lesions, portions of nevus cells are found within macrophages. The electron microscopic findings of lymphocyte, monocyte, and plasma cell infiltration of the tumor followed by vacuolar cytolysis support the concept of an immune reaction in regressing halo nevi. PMID- 1109802 TI - Mucous metaplasia and gap junctions in the vitamin A acid-treated skin tumor, keratoacanthoma. AB - Desmosomes are the usual cell junctions found in normal rabbit epithelium as well as in the untreated keratoacanthoma. This study reports the finding of a second cell junction, the gap junction, when epithelium, normal or tumorous, is subjected to topical applications of vitamin A acid. The gap junction forms early in mucous metaplasia (after 2 days of application of vitamin A acid) and appears before the gross appearance of mucus. The presence of the gap junction occurs when there is an increase in the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae and vesicles. It is possible that the early appearance of the gap junction facilitates and mediates the mucous metaplasia. This suggestion is strengthened by the fact that the gap junction, once present in the mucus producing tumor, is sparse when the tumor reverts back to the dry, keratotic condition upon cessation of vitamin A acid applications. PMID- 1109803 TI - Studies on mammalian ribonucleotide reductase inhibition by pyridoxal phosphate and the dialdehyde derivatives of adenosine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate. AB - Ribonucleotide reductase activity in a partially purified enzyme preparation from Ehrilich tumor cells was inhibited by the dialdehyde derivatives of adenosine, 5 adenylic acid, and adenosine 5-triphosphate (prepared by the periodate oxidation of adenosine 5-adenylic acid, and adenosine 5-triphosphate). The borohydride reduced derivative of periodate-oxidized adenosine was not inhibitory to the ribonucleotide reductase activity, showing that the aldehyde moiety was important in the inhibitory interactions of these compounds. This suggested the formation of a Schiff base between the dialdehyde derivative and an amino group (presumably, the epsilon-amino group of lysine). Pyridoxal phosphate, which is known to inhibit enzymes that have lysyl residues in the catalytic or allosteric sites, was an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine phosphate, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine were not inhibitors. Borohydride reduction of the enzyme in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate produced a protein fraction that had little reductase activity remaining. The inhibition by pyridoxal phosphate was not influenced by increasing the substrate concentration (cytidine 5-diphosphate or adenosine 5-diphosphate), but was diminished by increasing the ratio of allosteric effector to pyridoxal phosphate concentrations, suggesting an interaction of pyridoxal phosphate at the regulatory site of ribonucleotide reductase. The addition of adenosine 5 triphosphate to the pyridoxal phosphate-enzyme mixture, which was subsequently treated with borohydride, partially prevented the inhibition by pyridoxal phosphate. Heat treatment of the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme preparation in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate protected the enzyme against loss of cytidine 5-diphosphate and adenosine 5-diphosphate reductase activities. PMID- 1109804 TI - Possible interactions between the urea cycle and synthesis of pyrimidines and polyamines in regenerating liver. AB - Ornithine levels rise progressively in the liver of partially hepatectomized rats, probably as a consequence of the increased flow of metabolites through the urea cycle. Ammonia and urea concentrations in the blood and liber of partially hepatectomized animals are not significantly different from those of sham operated rats. However, in regenerating livers, the ability to remove ammonia from the blood is close to its maximal limit. Ammonia overload leads to the production of large amounts of orotic acid and causes a marked elevation of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity. Among the pyrimidine precursors dihydroorotic acid injections increase the activity of the enzyme while orotic acid is without effect. A peak of labeled material that corresponds to dihydroorotic acid was identified by partition chromatography of acid-soluble extracts of livers of partially hepatectomized rats previously given injections of [14-C2 bicarbonate. The labeling of dihydroorotic acid from [14-C] bicarbibate is increased in the liver of rats given injections of ornithine. Despite the difficulties involved in studies of ornithine decarbozylase activity in vivo, our results suggest that mutual interactions between urea, pyrimidine, and polyamine synthesis take place during liver regeneration. PMID- 1109805 TI - Apparent cellular ingress of albumin in Walker 256 tumor and rat muscle. AB - Tissue albumin distribution was measured in Walker 256 tumor and skeletal muscle in vivo in 36 rats. Vascular, extravascular-extracellular, and total tissue water spaces were determined for each tissue sample by isotopic techniques. Tissue interstitial and lymph albumin values were calculated from thoracic duct albumin concentrations, and vascular albumin was determined from serum albumin levels. Total tissue albumin was measured by dilution. These data demonstrate a third tissue albumin pool that equilibrates in 3 days compared to the rapid equilibration (2 hr) of vascular and extracellular-extravascular spaces. The pool is present in both muscle and tumor but appears to equilibrate more rapidly in tumor tissue. This finding suggests that cellular ingress of albumin occurs in vivo, which may explain increased albumin catabolism in tumor-bearing hosts. PMID- 1109806 TI - The role of serum factors in the acceleration by Freund's complete adjuvant of the growth of transplanted murine leukemic cells. AB - Attempted nonspecific immunotherapy led to acceleration rather than retardation of tumor growth. Mice given injections of Freund's adjuvant were more susceptible to transplanted syngeneic Gross virus-induced leukemic cells when Freund's complete adjuvant was administered i.p. 0 to 7 days before or 1 day after tumor; thereafter, the adjuvant had no effect. Two serum-mediated phenomeana were demonstrated in vitro: (a) sera from mice immunized with Freund's complete adjuvant and tumor facilitated killing of tumor cells by peritoneal exudate cells from nonimmune mice; (b) sera from all mice with progressive tumor blocked the cytotoxicity of a xenogeneic tumor-specific serum. Certain sera produced both effects. However, sera that either blocked or facilitated tumor killing in vitro had no effect on the growth in vivo of transplanted tumor cells. PMID- 1109807 TI - The carcinogenicity of fluorenylhydroxamic acids and N-acetoxy-N fluorenylacetamides for the rat as related to the reactivity of the esters toward nucleophiles. AB - In extension of previous work indicating that the carcinogenicity of isomeric fluorenylhydroxamic acids depends on the point of attachment of the nitrogen atom on the fluorene system, the carcinogenicities of N-hydroxy-3-fluorenylacetamide and of N-hydroxy-4-fluorenylacetamide were evaluated in male and female Sprague Dawley rats by several routes of administration and were compared with the carcinogenicity of N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide. The earlier observation that N hydroxy-3-fluorenylacetamide is a specific mamary carcinogen was confirmed. N Hydroxy-4-fluorenylacetamide was only marginally carcinogenic. Neither isomer gave tumors at the site after i.m. administration of the compounds into the hind leg of the rat. A comparison of the carcinogenicity of the isomers indicated the following order of activity: N-Hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide greater than N hydroxy-3-fluorenylacetamide greater than N-hydroxy-4-fluorenylacetamide. Because of the current concept that arylhydroxamic acids are further acitvated to electrophilic reactants capable of interacting covalently with cellular nucleophiles and because esters of N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide give rise to an electrophilic reactant, the acetate esters of N-hydroxy-3-fluorenylacetamide and N-hydroxy-4-fluorenylacetamide were prepared and tested for their carcinogenicity in male and female Spaguw-Dawley rats by i.p. and i.m. administration. The order of carcinogenicity of the isomeric esters followed that of the parent hydroxamic acids (N-acetoxy-2-fluorenylacetamide greater than N-acetoxy-3-fluorenylacetamide greater than N-acetoxy-4-fluorenylacetamide). In order to correlate the carcinogeniciyt of the isomeric esters with their reactivity toward nucleophiles, the esters were reacted with methionine, transfer RNA, and the nucleosides, guanosine and adenosine. Under identical conditions, the reactivity of N-acetoxy 2-fluorenylacetamide towards methionine was at least tenfold greater than that of N-acetoxy-4-fluorenylacetamide. In addition to o-methylthio-2-fluorenylacemide, a new adduct, o-methylsulfoxo-2-fluorenylacetamide, was isolated from the reaction of N-acetoxy-2-fluorenylacetamide with methionine. Reaction of N-acetoxy 4-fluorenylacetamide and 1-methylthio-4-fluorenylacetamide. N-Acetoxy-3 fluorenylacetamide did not react with methionine. Continued. PMID- 1109808 TI - [Expediture during intensification of working processes in the hospital]. AB - The intensification of working processes in hospitals is reflected also in indicators of expenditure which characterize the consumption expressed in financial terms. The intensity of operation may be reflected to a certain extent also in the operational costs per unit of capacity or performance, although from the expenditure alone it is not possible to draw unequivocal conclusions on the degree of intensity. When evaluating the economic results of hospitals information on the influence of changes as regards the use of bed capacity is useful, as well as information on changes in the length of the diagnostic and therapeutic operations performed by the common diagnostic and therapeutic complement of the hospital with policlinic and the influence of newly established units of intensive care on indicators of operational costs. The present article attempts to indicate the trend and force of action of these changes on the example of a type two hospital possessing all departments (district hospital). PMID- 1109809 TI - [Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in relation to age and sex. Comparison of routine statistics with results of a special epidemiological survey]. AB - The author presents an account of results of routine statistics and a special epidemiological survey where Prqgue, the Central Bohemian region and CSSR were compared. Existing possibilities as regards the diagnosis of a difficult group of cardiovascular diseases was tested. Careful processing of these causes of death revealed that routine statistics are as regards details of different groups of cardiovascular diseases somewhat inaccurate; despite this they give a fairly correct idea of the mortality from this group of diseases. The results of the investigation confirmed again that cardiovascular diseases are at present not only a very serious health issue but also a social problem. PMID- 1109810 TI - [Analysis of mortality in the Zilina district]. AB - From death certificates assemble in the Zilina district in three years (1968 1970) the authors prepared and coded questionnaires with 29 criteria. In the present article they submit some results obtained by automatic computing and biometric evaluation of these data. In the introduction they draw attention to and explain the rising trend of mortality in the Zilina district as well as in the Slovak Socialist Republic. Significant differences were revealed in the marital status of men and women with a predominance of married man and widows. The investigated variations of the number of deceased per day or week is not statistically significant; they were significant only in the course of the year with the maximum of deaths in March and the minimum in August. The specific mortality by decades revealed that men have from birth throughout life a higher death rate than women. As regards causes of death according to the 17 classes of the International Classification four classes dominate similarly an in the entire Slovak Socialist Republic, i. e. cardiovascular diseases 40.8%, tumours 17.8%, respiratory diseases 17.2% and accidents 7.5% all diagnoses. The order of diseases is the same for men and women only in the five most numerous classes and even there is a significant difference in the mortality level in three. Trichotomic classification of communities throws some light on the problem of causes of death of the rural and urban population. The last doctor attending the patient before death was in 48,3% the health community doctor, in 39,1% the hospital, in 8,9% (accidents and acute attacks) nobody whereby the percentage structure of men and women differs significantly also in this indicator. Finally the authors draw attention to the fact that the number of post mortem examinations (31,8%) is highest, as compared with the Central Slovak region (19,9%), the Slovak Socialist Republic (21,1%), the Czech Socialist Republic (29,8%) and the CSSR (27,6%). PMID- 1109811 TI - [Results in the management of transfusion preparations in the West Bohemian Region during 1973]. AB - The authors present an analysis of the use of transfusion preparations in 1973 in the West Bohemian region, where satisfactory results were obtained due to the cooperation of the regional commission for expedient pharmacotherapy, specialists of different branches, heads of blood transfusion departments and doctors working in these departments. A more objective approach to indications for transfusion is manifested by a reduced administration of whole blood (by 15%), reduced administration of locally produced plasma (by11%), increased administration of erythrocyte mass (by 21%) and special transfusion preparations (by 35%) and thus a reduction of expenditure on blood per bed per day in all district institutes of national health in the West Bohemian region. PMID- 1109812 TI - [Drug therapy in homes for retired persons]. AB - The authors analyzed the prescriptions in an old age pensioners home in Rokytnice near Prerov (240 people) in 1966-1972 and the assembled results were compared with drug expenditure in an old age pensioners home in Radkova Lhota (102 people) in 1972). Almost half the people in these homes suffer from at least three diseases which must be considered during drug pprscription; the great moribidity explains the almost fivefold expenditure on drugs per head, as compared with ambulatory care. Prescription of psychopharmaceutical preparations, antibiotics, analgetics and bronchodilatating drugs corresponds to the principles of expedient pharmacotherapy. More attention must be devoted to the dosage of cardiotonics. Geriatric drugs and vitamins, specially ascorbic acid are prescribed little. PMID- 1109813 TI - [Problems in the utilization of morbidity statistics on hospitalized persons]. PMID- 1109814 TI - [Methods and working style of expert commissions. With reference to findings and experiences of the Regional Expert Commission in the North Moravian Region]. PMID- 1109815 TI - Sigmoid myotomy. Part I: development of the operation; its application and results. PMID- 1109816 TI - Animal models in the study of diverticular disease. Part I: aetiology and treatment. PMID- 1109817 TI - Applied physiology of the colon: factors relevant to diverticular disease. PMID- 1109818 TI - Diverticular disease of the colon, a 20th century problem. PMID- 1109819 TI - Pathology of diverticular disease of the colon. PMID- 1109820 TI - Natural history of diverticular disease of the colon. PMID- 1109821 TI - Comparative metabolism of intravenously injected sucrose and trehalose in the rat. PMID- 1109822 TI - Transaminase levels in the digestive gland-gonad of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata. PMID- 1109823 TI - Carotenoids in thirteen species of Gammaridae from Lake Bajkal. PMID- 1109824 TI - Alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities of canine serum. PMID- 1109825 TI - The hemoglobins and serum albumins of three species of wood rats (Neotoma Say and Ord). PMID- 1109826 TI - Metabolism in porifera. III. Chemical patterns and the classification of the Desmospongiae. PMID- 1109827 TI - Isozymic patterns of lactate dehydrogenase in whole embryos and adult tissues of the Mexican axolotl. PMID- 1109828 TI - Enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway in Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Acanthocephala). PMID- 1109829 TI - Avian xanthine dehydrogenases. II. Accumulation of intermediates during the oxidation of purines by the turkey liver enzyme: calculation of the concentration of each component during the reaction. PMID- 1109830 TI - Properties of testicular hyaluronidase of the honey bee and oriental hornet: comparison with insect venom and mammalian hyaluronidases. PMID- 1109831 TI - Incorporation of radioactive bases into calvaria of the new-born rat, Rattus norvegicus. PMID- 1109832 TI - Parental stress in the development of schizophrenic offspring. PMID- 1109833 TI - Thought disorders in schizophrenia before and after pharmacological treatment. PMID- 1109834 TI - Dynamics of the recorder-observer in group psychotherapy. PMID- 1109835 TI - Offspring sex and degree of active maternal mental disturbance near reproduction among female patients. PMID- 1109836 TI - A computerized scoring system for use with content analysis scales. PMID- 1109837 TI - Manic-depressive illness and schizophrenia: a partial validation of research diagnostic criteria utilizing neuropsychological testing. PMID- 1109838 TI - Chlordiazepoxide and phenobarbital in a model anxiety-inducing situation. PMID- 1109839 TI - Current trends nomenclature of antigens associated with viral hepatitis type B. PMID- 1109840 TI - The president's page. PMID- 1109841 TI - Reflections from the dean's office. PMID- 1109842 TI - Editorial: The challenge of breast cancer. PMID- 1109844 TI - Letter: Comprehensive psychiatric planning. PMID- 1109843 TI - Editorial: Time saver--life saver. PMID- 1109845 TI - Hospital governing board and medical staff relationships. PMID- 1109846 TI - The place of hypophysectomy in the management of metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 1109847 TI - Patient care tasks in Connecticut emergency departments: responsibility of registered nurses or physicians? PMID- 1109849 TI - A xenodochium for Apollo in the temple of Asclepius. PMID- 1109848 TI - Open information and medical care: a proposal for reform. PMID- 1109850 TI - Physician education in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 1109852 TI - Distribution of physicians in Connecticut by comprehensive health planning area and individual and contiguous towns, 1973. PMID- 1109851 TI - Chemotherapy of breast cancer. PMID- 1109853 TI - Colonoscopy-preliminary review of surgical applications. PMID- 1109854 TI - Medical malpractice. A California report. PMID- 1109856 TI - The doctors versus the lawyers. PMID- 1109855 TI - The Connecticut confidentiality statutes. PMID- 1109857 TI - Defending malpractice cases. PMID- 1109858 TI - Uses of the epidermiologic method in occupational medicine. PMID- 1109859 TI - Currnet trends in house staff training. PMID- 1109860 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 1109861 TI - Inguinal hernia repair. PMID- 1109862 TI - Prescribing fluoride supplements to reduce dental caries. PMID- 1109863 TI - Repeated "rapid resolution" of segmental defect on perfusion lung scan. PMID- 1109864 TI - Editorial: The pediatrician of the future. PMID- 1109865 TI - Editorial: On writing the synopsis-abstract. PMID- 1109866 TI - Editorial: Evaluation and management of insomnia. PMID- 1109867 TI - Letter: Medical foundations. PMID- 1109868 TI - Reflections from the Dean's office. PMID- 1109869 TI - On the sealing of gas-filled glass ampoules. PMID- 1109870 TI - Fluorimetric evidence of interactions involving cryoprotectants and biomolecules. PMID- 1109871 TI - Kinetics of water loss from cells at subzero centigrade temperatures. PMID- 1109872 TI - Freeze-etching: freezing velocity and crystal size at different locations in samples. PMID- 1109873 TI - Effect of freezing and freeze-drying on the viability and storage of Lilium longiflorum L. and Zea mays L. pollen. PMID- 1109874 TI - The ability of cryopreservatives to prevent motility loss and freeze-thaw damage to the acrosome of chicken spermatozoa. PMID- 1109875 TI - Rooster spermatozoan motility, forward progression, and fertility after storage at 25, 5, or -196 degrees C in various extenders. PMID- 1109876 TI - An audio frequency magnetic tape programmer for cryopreservation equipment. PMID- 1109877 TI - Emotionally disturbed children: a program of alternatives to residential treatment. PMID- 1109878 TI - A community approach to the prevention of child abuse. PMID- 1109879 TI - Memo to day care staff: helping children with minimal brain dysfunction. PMID- 1109880 TI - Gradients of biogenic amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 1109881 TI - Psychological profiles and effects in acute trauma: a pilot study. PMID- 1109882 TI - Some advantages and disadvantages of conducting individual and conjoint family therapy by the same therapist. PMID- 1109883 TI - Depression in the internship. PMID- 1109884 TI - Reliability of the psychiatric diagnosis. PMID- 1109885 TI - Clinical neuropathological conference. PMID- 1109886 TI - The psychotropic drug summary. PMID- 1109887 TI - Concepts in beta blockade. PMID- 1109888 TI - Methylphenidate (ritalin) abuse and methadone maintenance. PMID- 1109889 TI - [Gigantic mitochondria and their "omega"-forms in neurocytes during adaptation of mammals to hibernation]. PMID- 1109890 TI - [Effect of solvents on the macroscopic state of polymer globules]. PMID- 1109891 TI - [Coacervate drops from ferrous hydroxide]. PMID- 1109892 TI - [Specific modification of the active center of phosphorylase B by pyridoxal-5' chloromethylphosphonate]. PMID- 1109893 TI - [Regeneration of rabbit myocardial muscles during implantation of skeletal muscles treated with trypan blue]. PMID- 1109894 TI - [Existence of a special appetite-regulating intestinal hormone--arenterin]. PMID- 1109895 TI - Androgen binding proteins in the anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, preoptic area and brain cortex of the rat. AB - The cytosol fractions of the anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, preoptic area and brain cortex of castrated male rats have been found to possess specific androgen binding proteins. The physicochemical characteristics of these binding proteins appear to be very similar. Thus, they were excluded by Sephadex G-100 gel and had a sedimentation coefficient of 6-7S by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The protein nature of the androgen binding components was supported by the fact that protease, but not DNase and RNase eliminated the binding of androgens. In addition, the elimination of the binding by 1 mM p-chloro-mereuriphenylsulfonate (PCMPS) and by heat treatment at 45 C for 30 min indicate that free sulfhydryl groups are necessary for androgen binding and that the proteins are thermolabile. Testosterone, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone and the antiandrogen Cyproterone acetate were found to possess a much higher affinity than 17beta-estradiol and cortisol for the binding components. Dissociation studies revealed that [3H]testosterone is not easily displaced by unlabeled androgens. In the anterior pituitary, hypothalamus and preoptic area testosterone accounted for the major part of the radioactive material in the total tissue homogenates and also for the greater part of the bound radioactivity 15 min after in vivo administration of [3H]testosterone. [3H]17beta-estradiol accounted for less than 3% of the bound radioactivity under these conditions. If binding of a steroid sex hormone by specific proteins is a prerequisite for the hormonal action, the present study indicates the potential for a direct effect of androgens on the target cells of the anterior pituitary and of the central nervous system PMID- 1109896 TI - Sympathetic innervation of the thyroid: variation with species and with age. AB - Fluorescence histochemistry was used to study the sympathetic innervation of the thyroids from adult individuals of six different species; mouse, rat, hamster, dog, sheep, and pig. In addition, thyroids from very young rats and from very old mice were examined. Generally, thyroidal sympathetic, adrenergic nerve terminals were found not only as a network around vessels, but also as single terminals between, and sometimes around, follicles. Interfollicular terminals were numerous in thethyroids of adult mice, sheep and hamsters, but they were few in the thyroids of adult rats and dogs, and even fewer in the porcine thyroid. In contrast to the findings in thyroids from adult mice and rats, several interfollicular terminals were found in thyroids from very young rats while very few such terminals were detected in the thyroids from very old mice. The observations suggest that there is a pronounced interspecies variation in the number of thyroidal interfollicular sympathetic nerve terminals and that, at least in the rat and the mouse, there is also a variation with age. Since, in mice, sympathetic activation appears to induce thyroid hormone secretion by a direct action of norepinephrine released from intrathyroidal sympathetic fibers, the recorded variations are presumed to have functional importance. PMID- 1109897 TI - Mechanism of the effects of hypothalamic deafferentation on prolactin secretion in the rat. AB - Male rats with complete hypothalamic deafferentation had consistently lower serums prolactin concentrations than controls when the blood samples were obtained under other anesthesia. However, when rats were decapitated, both groups had similar low prolactin levels. Posterolateral deafferentation was as effective as complete deafferentation in preventing the stress-induced prolactin release, whereas anterior frontal deafferentation had only a small effect, L-Dopa (100 mg/kg body wt, ip) decreased prolactin titers in both control and deafferented animals, whereas reserpine (1 mg/kg body wt, ip) had the opposite effect. Since both drugs inhibited prolactin release from pituitaries in vitro, the decrease of prolactin levels following L-dopa in vivo might have been caused not only by stimulation of PIF release but also at least partly by the direct effect of the drug on the pituitary. However, the increase of serum prolactin following reserpine was in all probability caused by inhibition of PIF secretion. Electrolytic lesions in the median eminence of deafferented rats caused an elevation of serum prolactin which was more marked in female than in male rats. On the contrary, deafferentation in the females affected prolactin levels less than in males. It is concluded that hypothalamic deafferentation prevents ether induced release of prolactin and that the "low" levels of the deafferented animals are probably due to a tonic release of prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF) from the isolated island. It is though that this continuous release of PIF might be maintained by persisting autonomous activity of the adrenergic, presumably dopaminergic, neurons contained in the isolated island. PMID- 1109898 TI - Episodic secretion of renin. AB - Renin is secreted episodically in the absence of overt stimulation in the pentobarital-anesthetized, saline-loaded cat. Ninety min postlaparotomy, arterial and renal venous plasma renin concentrations (PRC) were determined at 15-min intervals for a 2 hr period. The pattern of renin secretion consisted of significant secretory peaks and periods in which little or no renin was secreted. In only a few instances could renin secretion be attributed to a preceding arterial blood pressure drop. The secretory episodes were also dissociated from flow. PMID- 1109899 TI - Effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation on glucagon and insulin output in the dog. AB - In order to study the role of the sympathetic nerves in the regulation of glucagon and insulin secretion, the distal stump of the left splanchnic nerve was electrically stimulated at the diaphragmatic level in the anesthetized dog under bilateral ligation of the adrenal veins. During stimulation, plasma glucose concentration rose rapidly, and pancreatic vein plasma concentration of glucagon increased along with pancreatic vein blood flow, indicating a greater output of glucagon. Insulin output in pancreatic vein plasma was slowly elevated despite continued stimulation. Pretreatment with propranolol resulted in a decline of the basal output of both glucagon and insulin and in their marked initial fall at the onset of the stimulus. However, glucagon output still showed a vigorous increase during neural stimulation whereas insulin output remained totally suppressed, but showed a rebound rise after cessation of stimulation. Pretreatment with phentolamine evoked an enhancement in both basal output of insulin and its response to splanchnic stimulation, but did not exert any marked effect on glucagon output. Pretreatment with atropine inhibited the basal output of glucagon and insulin, but the response of insulin output to splanchnic stimulation was not suppressed, thus excluding the possibility that activation of aberrant parasympathetic nerve fibers located in the splanchnic nerve would be responsible for the delayed increase in insulin release. The present results indicate that glucagon secretion may be regulated by different receptor mechanisms from those involved in insulin release following sympathetic activation. PMID- 1109900 TI - Sequential patterns of circulating LH and FSH in female sheep during the early postnatal period: effect of gonadectomy. AB - To determine the basis for the marked daily variability in circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) in the female lamb shortly after birth and to determine whether circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) exhibits similar variability during this period of life, serum levels of both gonadotropins were monitored frequently (20-min intervals) over a 3- or 6-hr period each week for the first 9 weeks of life. Similar measurements of circulating LH and FSH were made in lambs ovariectomized at 2 weeks of age to assess whether the ovary influences the secretion of these gonadotropins. Pulsatile release of LH, but not FSH, was observed in both groups of lambs. Although mean concentrations of circulating FSH in intact female lambs were similar to basal levels of the cyclic adult, mean concentrations of serum LH were much higher. Because of the discontinuous release of LH in intact lambs after 4-5 weeks of age, patterns of LH were often indistinguishable from those of the long-term ovariectomized adult. At 9 weeks of age the frequency of episodic LH release in intact lambs ranged from 0.33-1.1 pulses/hr. Castration at 2 weeks of age produced a concomitant, but delayed, rise in mean serum LH and FSH beginning 4-5 weeks later. By 9 weeks of age serum LH, but not FSH, had attained levels comparable to those of the castrated adult, and the mean frequency of LH release (about hourly) was similar for both groups. The results indicate that by 9 weeks of age the ovary of the lamb influences the secretion of LH and FSH. Because in the 9-week-old intact female lamb episodic release of LH occurs producing high (castrate) levels of this gonadotropin while circulating concentrations of FSH remain stable and within basal levels of the adult cycling female, it is suggested that acute concomitant release of LH and FSH does not occur at this age and that separate negative feedback loops for the control of LH and FSH secretion may exist during early postnatal life. PMID- 1109901 TI - The metabolism and binding properties of 3H-aldosterone in plasma and its sex dependence in adrenalectomized rats. AB - The rates of clearance of plasma 3-H radioactivitivity following intravenous injection of 3-H aldosterone was demonstrated to be sex-dependent in adrenalectomized rats. The perchantage plasma radioactivity which is CH-2CL 2extractable is greater in female than in male rats from 5 min to 90 min postinjection; however the quantities of CH2-CL2-extractable label are not significantly different until 60 min postinjection. The quantities of nonextractable, water-soluble metabolites of adosterone (NEPD), which are markedly greater in the plasma of males, reach peak levels 30 min after injections of aldosterone, during the latent period of the hormone.N females, these polar metabolites (NEPD)are rapidly cleared from the blood. The quantities of 3-H-radioactivity associated with the plasma binding proteins are similar in both males and females. The unbound levels of aldosterone and its metabolities are significantly greater in the plasma of males. These findings indicate that the sex hormones may influence not only the metabolism of aldosterone in rats, but also the plasma levels of unmetabolized aldosterone and its metabolites. PMID- 1109902 TI - The effects of dexamethasone on the peripheral plasma concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone and cortisol in the pregnant rhesus monkey. AB - The concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone and cortisol have been measured in the maternal peripheral plasma of normal pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and in rhesus monkeys treated daily with dexamethasone during late pregnancy. During the last 30 days of pregnancy, the mean plasma concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone and cortisol were about 1400-2000 pg/m1375-425pg/ml and 300-400 ng/ml, respectively. None of these steroids increased significantly before parturition. As there was no rise in maternal androgens in late pregnancy when plasma estrogens increase sharply, it suggested that his elevation of plasma estrogens is related to an increase of fetal precursors Dexamethasone treatment resulted in 90% suppression of plasma cortisol and 40%-60% suppression of androstendione and testosterone. As the suppression of maternal androgens was of lesser magnitude than the decline of plasma estrogens, and as the androgens did not continue to fall with continuing dexamethasone treatment as did the estrogens, these findings also suggest that the decline in plasma estrogens is related in large part to suppression and atrophy of the fetal adrenals. PMID- 1109903 TI - Growth hormone-dependent serum stimulation of DNA synthesis in chick embryo fibroblasts in culture. AB - We have investigated the role of GH in the serum requirement for the multiplication of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF-S) in culture . Serum from hypophysectomized (hypox.) rats is much less effective than normal serum in stimulating the incorporation of (3H-methyl]thymidine into DNA. More importantly, bovine GH(bGH) treatment of the hypox. rat restores 60% or more of the activity in the 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Bovine GH is inactive when tested directly in the assay. Mixing experiments show that the decreased activity of hypox. serum is not due to the presence of an inhibitor in the hypox. serum. The GH is dependent factor is nondialysable and stable to Boiling at pH5.5. boiling the normal, hypox. and bGH treating hypox. rat sera results not only in enhancement of the activity but also a more linear dose response curve in the 3H thymidine incorporation assay. The thesis because measurements of cell numbers show the CEFs multiply less well in boiled normal rat serum and bGH treatment of the hypox. rat restores approximately half of the multiplication stimulating activity of normal boiled rat serum. CEFs in culture may provide a satisfactory in vitro system for the study of the mechanism of action of the growth hormone dependent anabolic factors found in serum. PMID- 1109904 TI - Changes in plasma calcitonin and calcium during the migration of salmon. AB - The levels of immunoassayable calcitonin and of calcium were measured in the preblood of sockeye salmon during their migration from sea water to fresh water to spawn. Plasma calcitonin was higher in the females than in the males during all stages of migration as was plasma calcium except during spawning. In both sexes calcium decreased progressively throughout migration. In the male, calcitonin decreased as the fish arrived in fresh water but increased again at the spawning. These observations suggest that calcitonin may play an important role in the reproductive cycle of fish. PMID- 1109905 TI - Role of estrogen as initiator of daily LH surges in the ovariectomized rat. PMID- 1109906 TI - Effects of acute stress on serum LH and prolactin in intact, castrate and dexamethasone-treated male rats. AB - The effects of handling, ether vapor anesthesia and blood sampling on serum LH and prolactin were determined in intact, castrate and dexamethasone-treated male rats. Cage removal and transport to an adjacent room increased LH and prolactin levels by 10 and 15 min after the initial animal disturbance. Intact male rats subjected to repeated ether anesthesia and blood sampling showed a more rapid increase in serum LH and prolactin than the preceding rats, since serum LH and prolactin was increased by 4, 8 and 15 min after initial cage disturbance. In a group of rats subjected to serial blood sampling over a longer time interval, both prolactin and LH levels remained higher than 90 min after initial animal handling. At 90 minutes after a single blood sampling, blood prolactin concentration remained higher than in controls. Serum LH levels returned to control levels 90 min after the stress of a single blood sampling. Although serum prolactin was increased in the castrate group subjected to serial anesthesia and blood sampling, LH concentrations were reduced under the same conditions. Injection of 5 and 50 mug of dexamethasone/100 g body wt for 8 days markedly reduced adrenocortical responsiveness to the stress of serial anesthesia and blood sampling at 1, 4, 8 and 15 min after initial rat disturbance. The 50 mug dexamethasone treatment reduced the stress-stimulated increase in serum prolactin at all blood sampling intervals. The dexamethasone-treated groups also showed smaller increases in serum LH at 8 and 15 min after first animal handling than the control rats. These results indicate that serum LH and prolactin concentrations are consistently increased by acute stress in intact male rats, the duration of the stress stimulation of LH and prolactin is at least 90 min under the conditions of this study, serum LH levels of castrate male rats are decreased by acute stress and dexamethasone administration lowers stress stimulation of LH and prolactin release. PMID- 1109907 TI - [Effect of chorionic gonadotropin and estradiol on ovarian allograft in white rats]. PMID- 1109908 TI - Family dermatoglyphic investigations of patients with gonadal dysgenesis. PMID- 1109909 TI - [Immune response in hypopituitary dwarfs treated with human growth hormones]. PMID- 1109910 TI - [Sex chromatin pattern and anovulatory genital cycle]. PMID- 1109911 TI - [Incidence and pattern of simple goiter in women in relation to their occupations]. PMID- 1109912 TI - [Thyroid enlargement in immigrants to Lower Silesia]. PMID- 1109913 TI - [Clinical estimation of endemic goiter in Lower Silesia]. PMID- 1109914 TI - [Goiter in the rural and urban population in Lower Silesia]. PMID- 1109915 TI - [Thyroid neoplasms in the Cracow region in the years 1967-1973. Clinical and morphological data]. PMID- 1109916 TI - [Androgen content in rat spermatic vein in normal condition and following chorionic gonadotropin administration]. PMID- 1109917 TI - The equivalent weight of pig liver carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) and the esterase content of microsomes. PMID- 1109918 TI - Steric and electronic effects on the uncoupling activity of substituted 3,5 dichlorosalicylanilides. PMID- 1109919 TI - The relationships between the phospholipid pool and the base-exchange reaction in the Ca2+-stimulated incorporation of ethanolamine into brain microsomal phospholipids. PMID- 1109920 TI - Cyanogen bromide peptides of type III collagen: first sequence analysis demonstrates homology with type I collagen. PMID- 1109921 TI - Development of phospholipid synthesizing enzymes in castor bean endosperm. PMID- 1109922 TI - Messenger RNA translation in a tRNA dependent cell-free system: role of tRNA from different sources. PMID- 1109923 TI - Functional adaptation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to fibroin biosynthesis in the silkgland of Bombyx mori L. PMID- 1109924 TI - Effect of the A23187 ionophore on mitochondrial membrane Mg2++ and Ca2+. PMID- 1109925 TI - Effect of deaminated metabolites of phenylalanine on desaturation of stearyl CoA by cell free preparations from developing rat brain. PMID- 1109926 TI - The immediate insulin secretory response of the isolated perfused rat pancreas to tolbutamide and glucose. PMID- 1109927 TI - Influence of cycloheximide on the expression of alkaloid metabolism in partially synchronized emerged cultures of Penicillium cyclopium Westling. PMID- 1109928 TI - Rapid labeling of DNA-C during incubation of HeLa cells with (5-T) uridine. PMID- 1109929 TI - Tentative identification of the amino acid that binds tyrosine as a single unit into a soluble brain protein. PMID- 1109930 TI - Separation and identification of molecular species of phospholipids from a gram negative moderately halophilic bacrerium. PMID- 1109931 TI - Correlation between contraction and phosphorylation of the inhibitory subunit of troponin in perfused rat heart. PMID- 1109932 TI - Selective identification of "true" beta-adrenergic receptors in the plasma membranes of rat adipocytes. PMID- 1109933 TI - Purification of N-acetyl beta-D-hexosaminidase from bull epididymis by affinity chromatography. PMID- 1109934 TI - Effect of metal cations on the inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocation by acyl-CoA. PMID- 1109935 TI - Preparation of sperm-free seminal plasma from human semen. AB - Whole human semen was centrifuged at various centrifugal forces to obtain sperm free seminal plasma. Most samples of seminal plasma collected after centrifguation of up to 10,000 g were contaminated with spermatozoa. Centrifugation at 40,000 g yielded sperm-free seminal plasma in two thirds of the samples centrifuged. Filtration of whole semen with Millipore filters (pore size 0.45 mu) removed all spermatozoa. PMID- 1109936 TI - Micropuncture and microanalytic studies of the rat testis and epididymis. AB - Micropuncture techniques developed for the study of renal physiology have been adapted for investigation of the male reproductive tract. Ultramicro specimens were obtained in vivo from the tubules of the rat testis and epididymis. These samples were analyzed for sperm morphology and concentration. The new methods developed to conduct these studies are discussed in detail. The mean in vivo spermatocrits were 0.411 plus and minus 0.029, 0.355 plus and minus 0.019, and 0;731 plus and minus 0.028 in the seminiferous tubule, caput epididymidis, and caudal spermatocrit was significantly higher than the spermatocrit in the caput or seminiferous tubule. The percentages of abnormal spermatozoa in the caput and cauda were 5.5% plus and minus .7% and 4.3% plus and minus .6%, respectively. PMID- 1109937 TI - Development of reversible vas deferens occlusive device: IV. Rigid prosthetic devices. AB - Different types of rigid, reversible, vas deferens occlusive devices were developed and evaluated in 14 unilaterally vasectomized dogs. All prosthetic devices had molded silicone rubber bodies, and rigid inflow and outflow tubes. Various techniques for the removal of the vas luminal epithelium, and for the preparation of porous ceramic and etched stainless steel surfaces to encourage tissue ingrowth into the prosthetic device end tubues were attempted. The devices differed in their methods of achieving occlusion. One device used a "rotary stem valve" which had a C-section rotating mechanism; the others used the "shuttle stem valve" which possessed an occlusive element that moved transverse to the axis of flow in the device, thus occluding the device when the stem was depressed. The rotarystem valve was implanted by means of a longitudinal incision. The remaining 13 shuttle stem devices were placed in the vas using either a longitudinal or a transverse implantation. Inno case was sperm transport through the prosthetic devices obtained for more than a few ejaculations. PMID- 1109938 TI - Development of reversible vas deferens occlusive device: V. Flexible prosthetic devices. AB - In contrast to the results with rigid-ended prosthetic devices implanted in the vas deferens of the dog, effective sperm transport was obtained for prolonged periods of time with flexible-ended (all soft) devices. Such transport could be halted by device occlusion with clips or shuttle stem valves. Opening the devices resulted once again in the passage of spermatozoa, indicating that these devices may be potentially useful as reversible male contraceptives. More research is necessary to determine the cause of an overall decrease in sperm output after device implantations and to evaluate any adverse side effects of such devices. Dacron velour-covered suture rings on the devices permitted effective tissue ingrowth and prevented leakage or recanalization. PMID- 1109939 TI - Prevalence of circulating HL-A lymphocytotoxic antibodies in men after vasectomy. AB - Thirty-two men undergoing vasectomy were studied for one year to determine presence of HL-A antibodies after surgery. Blood samples were taken prior to vasectomy and at three, six, nine, and 12 months following surgery. Twenty-six men showed no increase in antibody activity during the study when their sera were matched against a 25-member typed lymphocyte donor panel. Sera of two men showed a definite increase in positive reactions, six to 12 months after surgery. The sera of four men showed slight increases in reactivity between three and 12 months after vasectomy. The serum of one man showed a single positive reaction against his own lymphocytes three months after surgery, but no positive reactivity against the lymphocyte donor panel. These studies suggest that HL-A antibodies are not regularly formed as a result of standard vasectomy procedures, but that further long-term evaluation of vasectomized patients may be needed to make definite conclusions. PMID- 1109940 TI - In vitro action of progestogens on sperm migration in human cervical mucus;. AB - The presence of progestogens in the cervical mucus suppresses and arrests sperm penetration. Using the Kremer technique, the effects of in vitro released progesterone, d-norgestrel, and cyproterone acetate were studied by inserting silicone rubber threads bearing the respective compounds into capillary tubes containing cervical mucus. Control tubes were fitted with nonmedicated silicone rubber threads. After 24 hours of incubation, the sperm migration test was carried out to evaluate penetration depth, qualitative motility, and proportion of motile forms. Progesterone produced the greatest alterations. Migration was arrested within 30 minutes, the distance reached was consistently less than 2 cm, and sperm were completely immobile at 24 hours. D-norgestrel also exhibited a distinct spermiostatic effect, but it was not as intense as that of progesterone. Cyproterone acetate was practically effective during the first 120 minutes and produced alterations only in the qualitative and proportional motility. PMID- 1109941 TI - The effect of combination and low dose progestogen oral contraceptives on serum lipids. AB - Fasting serum triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid, and cholesterol levels were determined in women who were taking either combination or low dose progestogen oral contraceptives. The contraceptives used were: ethynodiol diacetate and ethynyl estradiol; norgestrel and ethynyl estradiol; norgestrel; and megestrol acetate. Serum lipids significantly increased in women taking combination pills. They significantly decreased in patients taking norgestrel, while they remained almost unchanged in patients taking megestrol acetate. This decrease varied with the type of progestogen used in continuous low dosage therapy. The confusion when interpreting the results from different reports on the effects of oral contraceptives on serum lipids will be reduced if proper attention is given to the types of steroid used. PMID- 1109942 TI - Effects of danazol on the pituitary-gonadal axis in male gerbils and mice. AB - Danazol administration caused lesions in the seminiferous tubules of gerbils and mice. The seminiferous epithelium became systematically depleted of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and finally spermatozoa. Danazol administration did not cause damage to the epididymal cells but was followed by a significant increase (p smaller than 0.01) in the diameter of the Leydig cell nuclei. The growth of androgen-dependent organs was reversibly suppressed after treatment. Resumption of normal gonadal function in the mouse occurred 32 days after discontinuation of medication. Danazol brought about transient changes resembling those of bilateral gonadectomy in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis. Inhibition of endogenous gonadotropins occurred, reflected in the increased basophilic cell percentage. PMID- 1109943 TI - Prostaglandin F2-alpha for induction of midterm abortion: a comparative study. AB - The action of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2-alpha) to induce midterm abortion in rabbits, rats, hamsters, and mice using different methods and routes of administration was studied. Administration of PGF-alpha in a Silastic-PVP implant was more effective than was the parenteral injection at the same dose levels. The efficacy of PGF2alpha was optimum when deposited locally in the uterine lumen as a Silastic-PVP implant, a condition comparable to a continuous intra-amniotic or extra-amniotic administration of PGF2alpha in women. It is possible that the insertion of a Silastic-PVP implant into the uterine lumen results in a continuous PGF2alpha release and a high local PGF2alpha concentration which minimizes such factors as dilution and the short half life displayed in the general circulation. PGF2alpha contained in a Silastic-PVP implant and inserted into the uterine lumen may effectively induce abortion with a comparatively lower dose than that necessary for parenteral routes of administration. PMID- 1109944 TI - Radioimmunoassay of rhesus monkey chorionic gonadotropin. AB - A radioimmunoassay for rhesus monkey chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) employing an antiovine LH antiserum, 125I or 131I-ovine LH tracer, and mCG for standards was developed. Radioimmunoassay of serum levels of mCG during pregnancy indicated that mCG began increasing as early as day 12 after mating, reached a peak by day 25, and declined to nondetectable levels around day 35. The assay procedure was adapted for use as a rapid method for pregnancy diagnosis; the results were available as early as 12 hours after collection of serum samples. The method is capable of detecting a few pregnancies by day 12 and all pregnancies by day 17. Routine use of this method provided accurate pregnancy diagnosis four days earlier than was possible with the mouse uterine weight bioassay method previously used in this laboratory. PMID- 1109945 TI - [Changes in the electrical properties of erythrocyte surfaces under the influence of several surface active agents]. PMID- 1109946 TI - [Hyperoxia and the chemical resistance of erythrocyte membranes]. PMID- 1109948 TI - [Elements of human hardening to local chilling and the "rules of G. F. Fol'bort"]. PMID- 1109947 TI - [Glycogen repletion following galascorbin application after muscular activity]. PMID- 1109949 TI - [Energy formation in isolated frog skeletal muscle during isotonic contraction to fatigue]. PMID- 1109950 TI - [Exhaustion without decrease in work capacity during activity]. PMID- 1109951 TI - [Participation of thermoregulatory mechanisms in providing optimal muscular activity]. PMID- 1109952 TI - [Intra- and extra-gastric factors of acid secretion by the stomach]. PMID- 1109953 TI - [The role of the globus pallidus in regulating motor alimentary responses]. PMID- 1109954 TI - [The effect of destruction of the amygdala and pallidal region on a conditioned food-getting reflex and cortical evoked potentials to acoustic stimulation]. PMID- 1109955 TI - [Motor activity of the stomach and intestines following hypothalamic administration of serotonin]. PMID- 1109957 TI - [Cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activity of the mucous membrane of the small intestine during prolonged activity of its resorptive apparatus]. PMID- 1109956 TI - [Absorption of several monosaccharides into the intestines of dogs under conditions of direct action of glucose on the nervous system and upon its administration into the blood]. PMID- 1109958 TI - [The role of exhaustion of the functional potential of the cerebral cortex in disruption of adrenal gland activity]. PMID- 1109960 TI - [The role of biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of epilepsy]. PMID- 1109959 TI - [The effect of adrenal cortex hormones on the concentration of electrolytes in the blood and gastric mucous membrane]. PMID- 1109961 TI - [Phospholipid metabolism in phenylketonuria]. PMID- 1109962 TI - [The body's response to the local application of a thermal stimulus under conditions of inadequate insulin formation]. PMID- 1109963 TI - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in dogs during stimulation of the vagus nerve]. PMID- 1109964 TI - [Mechanisms of self-regulation of arterial pressure in pressor hypothalamic reactions]. PMID- 1109965 TI - [Activity of the wall area in the hydrolysis of starch by the stomach mucosa in cattle]. PMID- 1109966 TI - [Role of muscular afferentation in the regulation of the vertical posture of man]. PMID- 1109967 TI - [Study of magnesium transport in the dog kidney by the method of stopping urine emission in chronic experiments]. PMID- 1109968 TI - [Effect of noradrenaline on diuresis and electrolyte excretion]. PMID- 1109969 TI - [Laminar changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rats in hyperoxia]. PMID- 1109970 TI - [Effect of selenium on the light sensitivity of the eye]. PMID- 1109971 TI - [Asymmetric nature of light suppression in optokinetic and reverse postoptokinetic nystagmus]. PMID- 1109972 TI - [Study of the electrophysiological parameters of running with various intensities along a movable support]. PMID- 1109973 TI - [Method of excluding the sense of smell in dogs in chronic experiments]. PMID- 1109974 TI - [Method of microcinematography for the quantatative analysis of morphological changes in neurons in experiments]. PMID- 1109975 TI - [Calorimetric method of evaluation of the functional state of the apparatus of external respiration and its diagnostic efficacy]. PMID- 1109976 TI - [Intersensory facilitation and the physiological law of forces]. PMID- 1109977 TI - [Phonic activity of the necortex of dogs at rest according to data of correlation spectrum analysis of the EEG]. PMID- 1109978 TI - [Evaluation of the fructional state of the human central nervous system according to parameters of simple motor reactions]. PMID- 1109979 TI - [Theta-rhythm in the neocortex of rabbits with background noise and during the effects of acoustic stimulation]. PMID- 1109980 TI - [Role of the lenticular nucleus in induced synchronized activities]. PMID- 1109981 TI - [Recovery of chemoreceptor functions following deafferentation of the sino carotid zones in rats]. PMID- 1109982 TI - [Levels of histamine in the tissues of the stomach and liver of non-pregnant and pregnant guinea pigs, their fetuses, in the blood of pregnant females and in fetal fluids]. PMID- 1109983 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the vagus nerve on the retention of serotonin by the lungs]. PMID- 1109984 TI - Socialized medicine--part of a larger plan. PMID- 1109985 TI - Fiberoptic colonoscopy. PMID- 1109986 TI - Editorial: Teaching diabetics to live with their diabetes. PMID- 1109987 TI - Malpractice. PMID- 1109988 TI - The Senior Olympics: games for adults who won't quit. PMID- 1109989 TI - Turning the realities of retirement into fulfillment. PMID- 1109990 TI - Being aware of a patient's sexual problems should be the concern of every physician. PMID- 1109991 TI - Complications of cardiac pacemakers: diagnosis and management. PMID- 1109992 TI - Role of the community hospital in managing acute respiratory failure. PMID- 1109993 TI - Causative factors in palmar erythema. PMID- 1109994 TI - Is appendicitis in the aged really different? PMID- 1109995 TI - Some newer aspects of infective endocarditis. PMID- 1109996 TI - Symposium: the city: a viable environment for the elderly? Phase I, Background. PMID- 1109997 TI - Elderly in a southern metropolitan area. PMID- 1109998 TI - Editorial: The federal contract disease. PMID- 1109999 TI - Editorial: The Area Agency on Aging: instant planning. PMID- 1110000 TI - Life space and the social support system of the inner city elderly of New York. PMID- 1110001 TI - Symposium the city: a viable environment for the elderly? Phase I. Life-style and location within the city. PMID- 1110002 TI - Support systems of elderly urbanites: Chicago of the 1970's. PMID- 1110003 TI - Planning for tomorrow's urban aged: a policy analyst's reaction. PMID- 1110004 TI - Symposium the city: a viable environment for the elderly? Phase I. A psychologist's reaction. PMID- 1110005 TI - Symposium the city: a viable environment for the elderly? Phase I. A legislative reaction. PMID- 1110007 TI - Comments by Abigail Van Buren. PMID- 1110006 TI - Analysis of letters to "Dear Abby" concerning old age. PMID- 1110008 TI - Breaking the barriers to better health-care delivery for the aged. Medical aspects. PMID- 1110009 TI - Nursing observation and care planning for the hospitalized aged. PMID- 1110010 TI - Psychosocial variations across the adult life course: frontiers for research and policy. PMID- 1110011 TI - Age and the perception of national priorities. PMID- 1110012 TI - What can the USA learn from Japan about aging? PMID- 1110013 TI - Long-range satisfaction with housing. PMID- 1110014 TI - Independent housing for the elderly: the human element in design. PMID- 1110015 TI - Mental health, age, and community living. PMID- 1110016 TI - The effects of introducing a heterosexual living space. PMID- 1110017 TI - The desire of elderly nonresidents to live in a senior citizen apartment building. PMID- 1110018 TI - The future aged: the use of time and money. PMID- 1110019 TI - Residential concentrations of the future elderly. PMID- 1110020 TI - Symposium: Aging in the year 2000: a look at the future. Introduction. PMID- 1110021 TI - Social and health services for the future aged. PMID- 1110022 TI - The future and the young-old. PMID- 1110023 TI - [Determination of human placental lactogen (HPL) in patients with normal course of gestation (immunologic assay)]. PMID- 1110024 TI - [Quantitative estimation of urinary chorionic gonadotropins in women with ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 1110025 TI - [Use of estrogens and adrenergic beta receptor blockaders in labor induction]. PMID- 1110027 TI - [Treatment of uterine corpus cancer of the I/1 stage. I. Complex treatment of uterine corpus cancer]. PMID- 1110026 TI - [Evaluation of environmental factors in the case of women treated for ovarian neoplasms]. PMID- 1110028 TI - [Radioimmunological and serological assay of urinary excretion of the luteinizing hormone in women with amenorrhea]. PMID- 1110030 TI - [D trisomy]. PMID- 1110029 TI - [Treatment of male sterility with clomiphene citrate]. PMID- 1110031 TI - [Nucleotides, coenzymes and indirect glycolysis metabolites in neonate's erythrocytes in a case of chromosome 18 trisomy (Edward's syndrome)]. PMID- 1110032 TI - [Gravigard--a new intrauterine contraceptive device]. PMID- 1110033 TI - [Diagnostic radioisotope examinations in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 1110034 TI - [Effect of pregnancy on the metabolism of iron, copper, zinc and magnesium]. PMID- 1110035 TI - [Efficacy of mass miniature radiography surveys in Poland in 1965-1972]. PMID- 1110036 TI - [New markers in lung scanning. (Iodine-13- albumin microspheres, Technetium-99m albumin microspheres, Indium-113m microspheres, Indium-113 iron hydroxide)]. PMID- 1110037 TI - [Early results of treatment of bacterial infections in chronic bronchial diseases]. PMID- 1110038 TI - [Combining antitubercular agents of similar hepatic toxicity]. PMID- 1110039 TI - [Pathomorphological assessment of therapeutic activity of rifampicin and ethambutol in experimental tuberculosis in white mice]. PMID- 1110040 TI - [Mediastinal teratomas]. PMID- 1110041 TI - [Case of multiple malignant neoplasms: bronchial carcinoma and melanoma of the uvea]. PMID- 1110042 TI - [Mounier-kuhn syndrome]. PMID- 1110043 TI - Halfway houses for the mentally ill and alcoholics: a 1973 survey. AB - A survey of halfway houses made in October 1973 identified 209 facilities primarily for psychiatric patients and 597 for alcoholics. The facilities for alcoholics average fewer employees than the psychiatric halfway houses, and proportionately more of them are recovered patients. The alcoholism facilities serve older clients, most of them males. Patients admitted to psychiatric halfway houses are more likely to enter from a hospital than from the community, and they have longer stays than the alcoholic patients. The largest percentage of both groups return to independent living; 15 per cent of the psychiatric patients are readmitted to hospitals. PMID- 1110044 TI - What's in a name? The "mental health" euphemism and the consequences of denial. PMID- 1110045 TI - Feedback: discrepancies noted in report of McClung's types of consultation. PMID- 1110046 TI - A preliminary study of schizophrenic women who murdered their children. PMID- 1110047 TI - Gardening as therapy: treatment activities for psychiatric patients. PMID- 1110048 TI - Gathering naturalistic, objective data on the behavior of schizophrenic patients. AB - A behavioral observation system, consisting of 12 behavior categories and an apparatus for recording them, was designed as a tool for gathering objective, naturalistic data on the ongoing behavior of hospitalized schizophrenics. After the system was tested and evaluated, it was used to draw behavioral profiles of 62 schizophrenics on two psychiatric wards of a Veterans Administration hospital. The results indicate the labeled schizophrenic is typified by a lack of adaptive behavior, a blankness, and a failure to get involved with his environment. PMID- 1110049 TI - A study of hospitalized paranoid schizophrenics with grandiose symptomatology. AB - Twenty-one paranoid schizophrenics who were being treated in a therapeutic community were divided into groups with grandiose and nongrandiose symptomatology, based on ratings on the Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale. The nine nongrandiose patients showed significantly greater improvement during hospitalization. A follow-up of five nongrandiose and nine grandiose patients one year after discharge revealed a trend toward greater improvement by the nongrandiose group. The authors feel that a patient's grandiosity creates a barrier that keeps the therapist and the members of the therapeutic community at a distance and makes him less accessible to therapeutic intervention. The field dependence of patients was also rated, but was of no prognostic significance. PMID- 1110050 TI - Catatonia: diagnosis and management. AB - The number of cases of catatonic schizophrenia has decreased in the past 50 years, but a few patients with the syndrome are still seen. The author describes the excited and withdrawn types of catatonia, reviews some organic and psychiatric conditions that resemble them, and gives suggestions for making the differential diagnosis. He discusses the use of the barbiturate interview, ECT, and phenothiazines in treatment, using case examples. PMID- 1110051 TI - Using community psychiatry methods in private practice. AB - Two cases that incorporate community resources into psychiatric-medical treatment plans for private patients illustrate the use of community psychiatry concepts in a private office. In both cases the private practitioner formed treatment teams with representatives of other community agencies to help the patients return and adapt to the community. Two problems that arise in the author's continuing work with community resources are the time it takes to implement clinical decisions through an agency and the agency staff's feeling of territoriality. PMID- 1110052 TI - Management engineering reduces cost/improves care. PMID- 1110053 TI - Humanizing a hospital interior. PMID- 1110054 TI - Negotiating and administering a union contract. PMID- 1110055 TI - Mock OSHA inspections uncover extensive violations. PMID- 1110056 TI - CHSLP pastoral care model. PMID- 1110057 TI - Sponsorship: canonical and social obligations. PMID- 1110058 TI - Cash surpluses can produce income. PMID- 1110059 TI - NHI: the illusion of catastrophic coverage. PMID- 1110060 TI - Employe counselor serves as ombudsman. PMID- 1110061 TI - Inservice education: an investment in people. PMID- 1110062 TI - Consumer health education: an idea whose time has come? PMID- 1110063 TI - Cutting the food service budget. PMID- 1110064 TI - Responding to drug abuse. PMID- 1110065 TI - The Catholic hospital: options for survival. AB - The traditional mission of the Church and its ministry to the sick through the Catholic hospital is being called into question by the confluence of a series of internal and external forces. This questioning occurs simultaneous to the modern world's growing need for the unique contributions of Catholic hospitals. Constructive, careful, and intensive reexamination of assumptions about Catholic hospitals is in order--reexamination by the religious orders who operate the hospitals, by the ecclesiastic authorities who must ultimately approve them, and by the Catholic laity who support them. Each must examine these key questions: What is unique about the Catholic hospital? Is it needed in the modern world? Is that uniqueness indissolubly linked to operation by religious orders? How would an alternate model of the Catholic hospital system be designed? This article has attempted to prove that the Catholic hospital is indeed unique as a religious, Christian, and Catholic institution; that this uniqueness is especially pertinent to some of the major problems of the sick in the modern world; that in essence this uniqueness is not contingent upon operation by religious orders; and that new relationsh?IPS are possible between the laity, the religious congregations, and the ecclesiastic authority which will maintain the Catholicity of the hospital of the future, despite the actions of erosive forces which seem to threaten it today. The Catholic hospital remains one of the most visible and effective witnesses to the Christian message and the Mystical Body. We who constitute it are called upon to reexamine how its mission to the sick can be expanded, not contracted. Expansion requires new forms which promise as much for the future as the older forms have accomplished in the past. In assessing Christ's own healing mission, Romano Guardini pointedly emphasized that Christ was more than "the great philanthropist." Today the sick need such individuals more acutely and more profoundly than ever before. Therein lies the mission--and the obligation--of the Catholic hospital, which must continue into the future whatever new forms of organization exigencies may dictate. By concentrating on its essential features, the Catholic hospital can protect itself against dissolution and an inauthentic existence--alternatives which are neither Christian nor Catholic. PMID- 1110066 TI - Measuring organizational climate. PMID- 1110067 TI - Collective bargaining: a new frontier for hospitals. PMID- 1110068 TI - Improved upward communication can reduce role ambiguity. PMID- 1110069 TI - Monitoring staffing and productivity. PMID- 1110070 TI - Courtesy compaign. PMID- 1110071 TI - A rational look at the hospital and debt financing. PMID- 1110072 TI - Evolution of a clinical pharmacy service and drug information center in a non profit community hospital. PMID- 1110073 TI - Coming - emphasis on continuing rather than basic education. PMID- 1110074 TI - Evaluation of bacteriuria, catheter's role in infection, ways to reduce infection. PMID- 1110075 TI - The medical director in a community hospital: a perspective. PMID- 1110076 TI - Operating room. The rationale for re-usables: the other side of the drape. PMID- 1110077 TI - Contractive respiratory therapy care. PMID- 1110079 TI - Aging research-some personal thoughts. PMID- 1110078 TI - Building skills in disciplining and grievance handling. PMID- 1110080 TI - Editorial: The specialist and the subspecialist: pathologist vs. clinician. PMID- 1110081 TI - Letter: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay. PMID- 1110083 TI - Should laboratory medicine become a separate medical specialty? PMID- 1110082 TI - FDRL investigation of cyclamates. PMID- 1110084 TI - Prognostic factors in colon carcinoma: correlation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen level and tumor histopathology. AB - The results of histopathologic study and the preoperative circulating carcinoembryonic antigen levels were correlated with each other and with the postoperative clinical course in 45 surgically treated patients with cancer of the colon. Histopathologic evaluation of the tumor included the depth of bowel wall involvement according to the Dukes classification, the histologic differentiation of cells on the basis of Broders' grades of malignancy, evidence of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration within and surrounding the primary tumor, and evidence of blood vessel, lymphatic, and perineural invasion. All these parameters, including the serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, had prognostic value. Low serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with colonic cancer suggested tumor localized within the bowel wall; the highest values were found in patients with tumors that had spread beyond the bowel wall. An inverse correlation was noted between the degree of tumor differentiation and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the same patient. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels tended to be elevated when blood vessel, lymphatic, and perineural invasion was present. An inverse correlation was also noted between the preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level and the degree of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration in the primary tumor. Round cell infiltration was interpreted as an indication of the host's immune response against the tumor. Thus, on the basis of clinical follow-up of the patients it is concluded that all morphologic parameters evaluated have prognostic value, that preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels have prognostic value, that all prognostic parameters correlate with each other appropriately, and that the combined parameters are more reliable than any single one alone. PMID- 1110085 TI - Symposium on pathology of the gastrointestinal tract--Part I. Introduction. PMID- 1110087 TI - Diagnosis of urethral flow parameters by ultrasonic backscatter. PMID- 1110086 TI - Immunosuppression and toxoplasmic encephalitis: clinical and experimental aspects. AB - Encephalitis developing after prolonged antineoplastic therapy in two patients with Hodgkin's disease and in one with multiple myeloma was found at autopsy to be caused by toxoplasmosis. To better understand the pathogenesis of the brain lesions, ranging from microscopic foci to some having a diameter of 6 cm. and characterized by proliferation of the organisms at the margins of expanding necrosis, an animal model was studied. Similar lesions were produced in hamsters by inducing relapse of chronic latent toxoplasmosis through administration of cortisone, cyclophosphamide, or whole body irradiation, but toxic doses of nitrogen mustard and urethane did not precipitate relapse. Notably, relapsing toxoplasmosis generally involves the brain exclusively, suggesting a special susceptibility related to immune mechanisms. The roles of cells and of antibodies in immune surveillance against this chronic infection in otherwise normal hosts are considered. In man the suppression of cellular immunities by certain antineoplastic agents would seem to be decisive in causing relapse of toxoplasmosis, rather than the replacement of immunologically active cells by neoplasm. Because the infection can be controlled with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, a high index of suspicion is essential to detect incipient cerebral toxoplasmosis. serial serologic testing is helpful by demonstrating titer elevations; however, poor antibody production or transferred antibody may be misleading clinically when single tests are evaluated. Similarly, a poor inflammatory cell response can make it difficult for the histopathologist to detect small lesions in these patients. PMID- 1110088 TI - Pattern recognition applied to monitoring waveforms. PMID- 1110089 TI - An electrically calibrated plethysmograph for direct measurement of limb blood flow. PMID- 1110090 TI - Detection of digitalis toxicity by computerized electrocardiogram monitoring. PMID- 1110091 TI - The design of a piezoelectric heart assist device. PMID- 1110092 TI - In vivo modeling for glucose homeostasis. PMID- 1110093 TI - Threshold determination by titration: a markoff chain model. PMID- 1110094 TI - The mechanism of cutting in electrosurgery. PMID- 1110095 TI - Grounding and safety. PMID- 1110096 TI - A feedback controlled stimulator that delivers controlled displacements of forces to cutaneous mechanoreceptors. PMID- 1110097 TI - EEG spectra measured with a distorting system. PMID- 1110099 TI - A versatile temperature controlled exposure chamber for microwave bioeffects research. PMID- 1110098 TI - Microwave properties of fresh mammalian brain tissues at body temperature. PMID- 1110100 TI - The effect of radial node spacing on finite difference calculations of temperatures in living tissues. PMID- 1110101 TI - The effect of radial nodal spacing on the performance of a mathematical model of the human temperature regulatory system. PMID- 1110102 TI - A non-destructive assay for radio-pharmaceutical capsules. PMID- 1110103 TI - The preparation of astatine labelled proteins. PMID- 1110104 TI - Ultrasonic production of 131I-HSA particles suitable for liver scintigraphy. PMID- 1110105 TI - Repurification of a highly damaged 125I-HGH preparation. PMID- 1110106 TI - Physical characteristics of 99mTc--calculation in E beta, Gamma and Delta i. PMID- 1110107 TI - A 12-channel magnetic beta-ray spectrometer for quick measurements. PMID- 1110108 TI - Determination of strontium-90 and strontium-89 by Cerenkov and liquid scintillation counting. PMID- 1110109 TI - Hypnosis use on a burn unit. PMID- 1110110 TI - The use of covert conditioning in hypnotherapy. PMID- 1110111 TI - Hypnosis in medical and dental practice: a survey. PMID- 1110112 TI - Migraine and hypnotherapy. PMID- 1110113 TI - Testing the coercive power of hypnosis: committing objectionable acts. PMID- 1110114 TI - Hypnotic and waking suggestions and recall. PMID- 1110115 TI - Trance logic in tranceable and simulating subjects. PMID- 1110116 TI - Social system and psychoanalytic approaches to group dynamics: complementary or contradictory? PMID- 1110117 TI - Training former patients as task-group leaders. PMID- 1110118 TI - Group therapy for patients who attempt suicide. PMID- 1110119 TI - Group psychotherapy: a pool of legal witnesses? PMID- 1110120 TI - Treatment of married couples in a group run by a husband and wife. PMID- 1110121 TI - The knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis. IV. Treatment by nonhinged total knee prosthetic replacement. PMID- 1110122 TI - Total knee arthroplasty with the "L.L." prosthesis. PMID- 1110123 TI - The "L.L." total hip prosthesis. PMID- 1110124 TI - Recurrent subluxation of the patella. PMID- 1110125 TI - Congenital dislocation of the knee joint. PMID- 1110126 TI - 16,069 inguinal herniorrhaphies using local anesthesia with one day hospitalization and unrestricted activity. PMID- 1110127 TI - Urinary tract injuries in gynecological and obstetrical procedures. PMID- 1110128 TI - Editorial: Surgery of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1110129 TI - Lumbar discography in the diagnosis of herniated disks. PMID- 1110130 TI - Biomechanics of the hand. PMID- 1110131 TI - Editorial: The drainage of aqueous humor. PMID- 1110132 TI - A preliminary report on the supraoptic nucleus and control of intraocular pressure. AB - Four animals received unilateral optic nerve sections which ablated that eye's rise in intraocular pressure in response to water drinking. Bilateral supraoptic nucleus lesions in two animals resulted in ablation of the other eye's response to water drinking. Both animals showed histopathologic proof of the lesion site. Two animals received sham operations for the supraoptic nucleus lesions with no change in their differential response to water drinking. This report gives preliminary evidence of the hypothesis of a supraoptic nuclear control mechanism of intraocular pressure. PMID- 1110133 TI - Morphology of the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier in the ciliary processes of the rabbit eye after prostaglandin E2. AB - Protaglandin E2, administered topically to the rabbit eye, causes disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier resulting in a large increase in the protein content of the aqueous humor. The route of plasma proteins into the aqueous humor was studied with the electron microscope, using horseradish peroxidase as a protein tracer. The tracer penetrated the tight junctions of the nonpigmented layer of the ciliary epithelium, filling the lateral intercellular clefts and staining the internal limiting membrane. These morphological studies confirm the prior physiologic demonstration that, in response to prostaglandin, plasma proteins enter the posterior chamber via the intercellular clefts of the nonpigmented epithelium. PMID- 1110134 TI - Pattern of ocular response to topical and systemic prostaglandin. AB - Changes in both intraocular pressure and total outflow facility were determined after short- and long-term infusion and topical application of prostaglandin E1 and E2. The intraocular pressure with both routes of administration increased within 15 minutes by 10 to 15 mm. Hg; long-term infusion caused the intraocular pressure to be elevated for a longer time, although a fall in intraocualr pressure occurred despite continued infusion. Total outflow facility did not increase until 30 minutes after initiation of treatment and thereafter increased further with time, irrespective of the route of drug application. The initial increase in intraocular pressure is suggested to be the result of vascular changes, namely an increase in the leakiness of the iris vessels and the capillary pressure of the ciliary body vessels caused by the vasodilatory actions of prostaglandins. PMID- 1110135 TI - Editorial: The cell cycle, diabetes, and the retina. PMID- 1110136 TI - The long-acting Ocusert-pilocarpine system in the management of glaucoma. AB - The Ocusert-pilocarpine devides with seven days' therapeutic duration were compared with pilocarpine eye drops for efficacy and ocular tolerance in the management of glaucoma in 16 patients. Magnitude of pressure reduction with release rates of 20 mcg. and 40 mcg. of pilocarpine per hour were as effective in the treatment of glaucoma as 2 per cent and 4 per cent pilocarpine eye drops, respectively. Ocular tolerance and retention in the human eyes were good. There were no appreciable side effects other than the occasional sudden leakage phenomenon encountered. Further refinement of the Ocusert-pilocarpine device to reduce the incidence of leakage would not only ensure precision in the rate of drug release, but would also expand its clinical application. PMID- 1110137 TI - Ocular findings and corticosteroid responsiveness in parents of children with primary infantile glaucoma. AB - Aqueous humor dynamics, visual fields, optic discs, anterior chamber angles, and topical cortidosteroid responsiveness were studied in twenty parents of children having primary congenital glaucoma. The findings indicate that parents of children with primary congenital glaucoma resemble the general population with respect to the parameters tested, and do not resemble close relatives of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 1110138 TI - Water drinking and outflow facility. AB - In a series of patients with ocular hypertension, the effect of water drinking upon pressure and outflow facility was determined by impression (Schiotz) tonometry and tonography. The statistical facility-depressing effect of water drinking revealed by numerous earlier studies was confirmed, but found to be too small to be readily demonstrable in the individual eye. The water-drinking test in patients with primary ocular hypertension presents a situation in which tonography adds little to the information provided by tonometry. PMID- 1110139 TI - Chorioretinal diffusion processes following pigment epithelial degeneration. AB - We studied the effect of sodium iodate-induced pigment epithelial degeneration on chorioretinal diffusion processes. Rabbits received two intravenous injections of sodium iodate at the retinotoxic dose of 22.5 mg. per kilogram over a six- to eight-hour period. Combined horseradish peroxidase tracing technique and electron microscopy were used to compare diffusion processes over a five-week period. Ultrastructural examination of retina twenty-four hours after iodate administration revealed pigment epithelial degeneration, accompanied by disruption of junctional complexes (zonulae occludentes). Peroxidase molecules were found in areas of greater cytoplasmic degeneration and in intercellular spaces up to the level of the external limiting membrane. Ultrastructural observations at later stages revealed similar findings except in the case of Muller cells, 20 per cent of which showed cytoplasmic degeneration and peroxidase uptake. The diffusion barrier was not re-established as the replacement cells did not rebuild zonulae occludentes. PMID- 1110140 TI - A new form of hereditary retinal degeneration in Wag/Rij rats. AB - A spontaneous, hereditable, bilateral retinal degeneration affecting all adult animals in a closed, imbred colony of Wag/Rij rats has been discovered. The disorder is characterized by early onset and a slow progressive course. Early lesions are detected by one month in retinas which are otherwise fully developed. Destruction of the photoreceptor layer proceeds as more and more cells degenerate. Degeneration appears to begin in the photoreceptor cell body and only secondarily affects the outer segment. Futhermore, phagocytic activity of pigment epithelium remains intact until late in the disease. Endstage lesions include retinal disorganization, proliferation and vascularization of pigment epithelium, and migration of pigment epithilial cells into the retina. The temporal and structural characteristics of this retinopathy indicate it may serve as a useful model for study of retinitis pigmentosa in man. PMID- 1110141 TI - Aphakic macular edema: incidence and pathogenesis. AB - In a prospective study, the incidence of cystoid macular edema for two groups of patients was found at six weeks following surgery. The first group who underwent cataract extraction had a 50 per cent incidence. The second group who underwent elective glaucoma surgery had no patient with cystoid macular endema. At six weeks, 16 per cent of those patients who had originally developed cystoid edema, had a visual acuity of 6/12 or less, with no other cause for the poor visual result. The two major differences between these two groups of patients were the actual cataract extraction, and the presence of postoperative vitreous inflammation. No factors were noted to cause persistence of the aphakic macular edema although the technique of cataract extraction and vascular disease were implicated. PMID- 1110142 TI - Experimentally determined optical properties of goldfish cones and rods. AB - The optical properties of goldfish photoreceptors were evaluated using the special microscope-microspectrophotometer divice. Mode patterns transmitted were identified for both natural and reverse path illumination. Photomechanical changes with adaptive state could be identified. Complex mode interactive phenomena and cross-coupling of energy were observed. These are related to the fact that there are double cones and apposition or near apposition of neighboring receptors in this species. The directionality of individual cones and rods was quantified by making use of the principle of reversibility of light path. Radiation patterns were recorded and analyzed on a computer controlled microdensitometer. Individual cones and rods were shown to exhibit marked directionality. Light collection properites of cones were strikingly evident. PMID- 1110143 TI - Ultrasonic transmission holography of the eye. AB - Ocular ultrasonic transmission holography of the eye using equipment capable of real-time imaging has not previously been described. A method using pulsed ultrasound focused on an air/liquid interface is used to demonstate normal ocular structures including lens, optic nerve, and sclera. Intraocular foreign bodies imaged include radiopaque and nonradiopaque materials. A limit of resolution of at lease 1 mm. is demonstrated. PMID- 1110144 TI - Contrast sensitivity in meridional amblyopia. AB - Contrast (modulation) sensitivities for gratings of various spatial frequencies and orientations have been determined for meridional amblyopes. The entire contrast sensitivity function is reduced for gratings oriented in the amblyopic meridian. Therefore, neural elements that process a broad range of spatial frequencies are affected by meridional amblyopia. PMID- 1110145 TI - Coeliac disease: its Irish dimensions. PMID- 1110146 TI - Foetal maturity assessment: a combination of tests. PMID- 1110147 TI - Studies of glucose tolerance, insulin and growth hormone secretion during the menstrual cycle in healthy women. PMID- 1110148 TI - A radiographic study of hip rotation. PMID- 1110149 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in the management of obstructive jaundice. PMID- 1110150 TI - Endocrine candidosis syndrome. PMID- 1110151 TI - IMA Maternal Mortality Report 1973. PMID- 1110152 TI - Dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint after minor injury. PMID- 1110153 TI - A two year survey of salmonella in a Dublin Hospital. PMID- 1110154 TI - Endoscopic findings in patients after definitive gastric surgery. PMID- 1110155 TI - Patterns of change in congenital heart disease. PMID- 1110156 TI - Breast cancer, Mistaken concepts, therapeutic consequences and future implications. PMID- 1110157 TI - Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: two further cases. PMID- 1110158 TI - Subserosal ileal fibroma. PMID- 1110159 TI - Three cases of Beckwith's syndrome. PMID- 1110160 TI - Accidental inhalation of mercury-203. PMID- 1110161 TI - Response of LiF to 1.0-4.0 keV electrons. PMID- 1110162 TI - Comparison of ferrocyanides for cesium extraction. PMID- 1110163 TI - Uptake of radiocesium from contaminated floodplain sediments by herbaceous plants. PMID- 1110164 TI - Plutonium-242 vs plutonium-236 as an analytical tracer. PMID- 1110165 TI - A study of certain characteristics of strontium metabolism in a homogeneous group of human subjects. PMID- 1110166 TI - Simultaneous alpha and beta particle assay using liquid scintillation counting with pulse-shape discrimination. PMID- 1110167 TI - Alpha absorption measurements applied to lung dose from plutonium-239. PMID- 1110168 TI - Health hazards from exposure to microwaves. Report on an Evaluation group convened by the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization, Copenhagen, 22-23 October 1973. PMID- 1110169 TI - Solid state track detectors for the detection of deuterium in water. PMID- 1110170 TI - Comparative effects of acetazolamide and prussian blue on 137-Cs retention in the rat. PMID- 1110171 TI - Measurement of ionizing radiation from color television receivers by thermoluminescent dosimeters. PMID- 1110172 TI - The energy response of TLD badges located on personnel. PMID- 1110173 TI - Survey of xenon contamination in a clinical laboratory. PMID- 1110174 TI - Effects of PuO2 particles deposited in the lung following intraperitoneal injection. PMID- 1110175 TI - Microwave hazards associated with small discharge cavities. PMID- 1110176 TI - Attenuation of 14MeV neutrons in shields of concrete and paraffin wax. PMID- 1110177 TI - Methods for reducing exposure to personnel leak-testing sealed radium sources. PMID- 1110178 TI - Unexpected radium-226 build-up in pyrite-burning sulphuric acid plants. PMID- 1110179 TI - The method of alpha-beta activity multiple correlation for assessment of airborne radioactivity. PMID- 1110180 TI - A study of selected parameters affecting the radiation dose from radionuclides in drinking water downstream of the Hanford project. PMID- 1110181 TI - Retention and excretion curves of persons containing 90Sr and 226Ra after a chronic contamination. PMID- 1110182 TI - The relation between juvenile cancer and obstetric radiography. PMID- 1110183 TI - Absorption from the gut of a suspension of plutonium-sodium aerosol. PMID- 1110184 TI - Unattached radon decay products in mine air. PMID- 1110185 TI - Testing of the LR-115 Kodak-Pathe red dyed cellulose nitrate for alpha particle detection. PMID- 1110186 TI - Some observations on MPFD of neutrons. PMID- 1110187 TI - Influence of age and temperature of incineration on the loss of lead from rat bone. PMID- 1110188 TI - An emanation apparatus with simple operational procedure for measurements of low levels of 226Ra. PMID- 1110189 TI - Succinylcholine for restraint of horses. PMID- 1110190 TI - Accommodative effects of aceclidine in the treatment of glaucoma. AB - In 18 patients, 2% pilocarpine, 2% pilocarpine plus tropicamide 10:1, and 2% aceclidine were tested with respect to the degree of spasm of accommodation induced by these drugs. Aceclidine had the least effect on accommodation, making it the recommended drug for use in patients with glaucoma and considerable remaining accommodation, i.e., most patients under the age of 50 years. PMID- 1110191 TI - Unsuccessful eccentric perilimbal suction after filtering surgery. AB - Eccentric suction was applied over the surgical site in 47 eyes thought to have unsuccessful external filtering procedures. Referrals for suction were made either because the postoperative intraocular pressure was uncontrolled or because blebs were becoming progressively flatter. Patients had an average of seven such treatment sessions. No discernible benefit from eccentric suction in failing filtering surgery was noted one year postoperatively. PMID- 1110192 TI - Primary spheroidal degeneration of the cornea in Labrador and northern Newfoundland. AB - The reported prevalence and severity of primary spheroidal degeneration in Labrador and nothern Newfoundland is based on a survey of 929 patients. The degeneration is associated with man in outdoor occupations and with pinguecula, but not with glaucoma. Ultraviolet radiation is a probable causative factor and prophylaxis using appropriately filtering glass a possibilty. PMID- 1110193 TI - Massive eye relief project in India. AB - In India, nearly 1.5% of the population is blind due to cataracts, most of them mature. The facilities available for eye operations are not adequate to restore sight to all these people, so eye camps are conducted all over India. A massive eye camp project begun in June 1972 fixed a goal of 100,000 cataract operations a year in the eye camps. About 50,000 cataract operations were done in that period. Most of the people who receive operations are poor and they are provided with free surgery, medicine, food, and glasses. This project will continue until enough eye hospitals are built to accommodate all the patients in our locality. The other states in India are planning similar programs. PMID- 1110194 TI - Practitioner's view of military veterinary establishment. PMID- 1110195 TI - A portable monocular indirect ophthalmoscopic technique. AB - A simple, inexpensive, and portable method of monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy is used as the physician's examining eye is aligned in the axis of the patient's eye, a flashlight is held against the examiner's malar area beneath the dominant eye, and the beam of the flashlight is directed to the patient's eye. A plus 30 lens is then interposed 1 or 2 inches in front of the patient's eye and the fundus viewed. PMID- 1110196 TI - Ophthalmic training. PMID- 1110197 TI - Letter: Timing device for fluorescein angiography. PMID- 1110198 TI - Lamenesses caused by improper shoeing. PMID- 1110199 TI - Sheared heels: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1110200 TI - Leber's miliary aneurysms associated with telangiectasia of the nasal mucosa. AB - A 20-year-old woman, treated with cryopexy and xenon- and argon-laser photocoagulation for Leber's miliary aneurysms in her right eye, suffered from repeated epistaxis. She underwent an endoscopy that showed an unusual number of telangiectatic veins. Laboratory results and routine physical and neurologic examinations showed normal values. Dematologic examination revealed no signs of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis (Osler's disease). Nevertheless, it seems reasonable to assume that the combination of microvascular disturbances in one eye and in the nasal mucous membrane is not a coincidental finding. PMID- 1110201 TI - Angiographic appearance of the normal equine foot and alterations in chronic laminitis. AB - The angiographic appearance of the normal equine foot was compared with the appearance of equine feet affected with chronic laminitis. The normal foot was characterized by complete filling of the terminal arch, 8 to 10 main branches between 0.1 and 0.2 cm in diameter, a symmetrical netlike vascular pattern in the corium of the hoof, and numerous fine vessels in the corium of the coronary band. The feet affected with chronic laminitis were characterized by poor filling of the terminal arch, larger and less numerous primary branches, an irregular vascular pattern in the corium of the hoof, areas of the corium of the hoof that were apparently avascular, and irregular, tortuous vessels in the corium of the coronary band. PMID- 1110202 TI - Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy. AB - A patient with Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy in his right eye had an intact vitelliform disk and drusen of the optic papilla. Although the foveola elevated by a few tenths of a millimeter, resolution was only slightly affected and the retinal receptors remained remarkably well-aligned, suggesting that mechanisms subserving receptor alignment still functioned. Hue discrimination and visual acuity were only slightly affected and the electroretinogram and visually evoked response showed essentially normal values. The vitelliform disk in the left eye ruptured by direct, blunt trauma. This same eye later developed subretinal macular neovascularization, as its visual acuity reduced, retinal sensitivity decreased, receptor orientation showed abnormalities, and hue discrimination became less efficient; the electroretinogram and visually evoked response remained normal. PMID- 1110203 TI - Viral respiratory infections of horses: pathogenesis. PMID- 1110204 TI - Delayed diagnosis of pituitary tumors. AB - Of 38 patients with presumed or proven pituitary adenomas, 24 first presented with ocular complaints. Of these, ten patients had a physician-caused delay in the formulation of the correct diagnosis. Reasons for the physician-caused delay in diagnosis include inadequate history evaluation, failure to perform adequate testing, provide follow-up examination, and recognize typical signs of pituitary adenomas. PMID- 1110205 TI - Superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome of Brown. AB - Twenty-four patients with true superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome (Brown's syndrome) were extensively examined surgically. Since a tight or short anterior sheath of the superior oblique tendon was not present in any of our cases, we are not able to support the theory that this form of the syndrome is due to a congenital anomaly of the anterior sheath. The superior oblique tendon was taut and shortened in only two cases; in all the others it was limp, even in attempts to elevate the eye passively in adduction. Thus the majority of cases of constant congenital Brown's syndrome remain unexplained with no obvious abnormality found at surgery in any of the six extraocular muscles. However, our surgical findings did suggest that a restrictive band posterior and inferior to the globe was responsible for the limited elevation in adduction. PMID- 1110206 TI - Late glaucoma after interstitial keratitis. AB - In a systematic study of 45 patients who had syphilitic interstitial keratitis early in life and, many years later, were discovered to have glaucoma, there was evidence of two different but equally common mechanisms. In one group of patients, a deep-chamber type of glaucoma was superimposed on old inflammatory changes, was characteristically refractory to medical treatment, but did well with filtering surgery. The other group of patients had reversible angle-closure glaucoma associated with anatomically small anterior segments, and typically responded well to iridectomy. The late, refractory, deep-chamber type of glaucoma may involve endothelialization and formation of glass membrane in the angle, as seen in one excised eye. Occurrence of the shallow-chamber, reversible angle closure type of glaucoma after interstitial keratitis may be coincidental, since no other evidence supports the idea that small anterior segments might be particularly prevalent among patients who have had congenital syphilis or interstitial keratitis. PMID- 1110207 TI - Let's end discrimination against out-of-state veterinary school applicants. PMID- 1110208 TI - In vitro corticosteroid: correlation response with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular corticosteroid sensitivity. AB - The transformation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes can be inhibited by corticosteroid compounds. In an in vitro study of 100 patients with primary open angle glaucoma and various degrees of ocular pressure responsiveness to corticosteroid testing, varying degrees of sensitivity to corticosteroid compounds existed systemically in the circulating lymphocyte. A high correlation exists between the level of corticosteroid sensitivity in the lymphocyte and in the eye. In vitro cellular systems may be useful in evaluating the molecular basis of the variability in corticosteroid response, and in understanding the pathogenesis of corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 1110209 TI - Chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. AB - Chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine combined with subsequent topical epinephrine therapy was evaluated with regard to intraocular pressure effects in primary open-angle glaucoma. After chemical sympathectomy intraocular pressure was maintained below 20 mm Hg with 1.0% epinephrine three times daily in 29 of 36 eyes of 25 patients for two to 29 weeks. Chemical sympathectomy combined with epinephrine therapy was most effective in patients whose intraocular pressure had been well controlled with pilocarpine and epinephrine and was less effective in patients whose intraocular pressure had not been controllable with maximum medical therapy prior to the administration of 6-hydroxydopamine. The results of this study suggest that chemical sympathectomy combined with topical epinephrine therapy has considerable clinical value in the medical management of primary open angle glaucoma. PMID- 1110210 TI - Effect of age of boars on testicular lipids and fatty acids. PMID- 1110211 TI - Zinc metabolic adaptations in calves fed a high but nontoxic zinc level for varying time periods. PMID- 1110212 TI - Wind-Chill effect for cattle and sheep. PMID- 1110213 TI - Genetics of reproduction in domesticated rainbow trout. PMID- 1110214 TI - Maternal heterosis in swine: reproductive performance and dam productivity. PMID- 1110215 TI - Realized genetic parameters from index selection in mice. PMID- 1110216 TI - Characterization of response to slection for growth and maternal ability in laboratory mice. PMID- 1110217 TI - Selection for ovulation rate in swine: population procedures and ovulation response. PMID- 1110218 TI - Systematic crossfostering within control lines. PMID- 1110219 TI - Variation of plasma creatine phosphokinase activity in swine. PMID- 1110220 TI - Effect of calcium and phosphorus levels on growth, reproduction and bone development of ponies. PMID- 1110221 TI - Porcine spermatozoan respiration and motility in the presence of bovine follicular fluid. PMID- 1110222 TI - Freezing of boar spermatozoa: fertilizing capacity with concentrated semen and a new thawing procedure. PMID- 1110223 TI - Enhanced carotid sinus baroreflex responses in dogs with chronic A-V block. AB - Effects of carotid sinus pressure on arterial pressure, atrial rate, and ventricular rate were examined in anesthetized normal dogs and in dogs with chronic complete A-V block. Change in arterial pressure per mmHg change in sinus pressure was 0.8 plus or minus 0.2 mmHg for controls but increased (P is less than 0.001) to 1.6 plus or minus 0.1 mmHg in A-V blocked dogs. Arterial pressure was 140-145 mmHg at low sinus pressure in both groups, but at high sinus pressure arterial pressure was significantly lower in A-V blocked dogs (44 plus or minus 4 mmHg) than in controls (92 plus or minus 8 mmHg). These differences were virtually abolished after vagotomy. Heart rate increased in normal dogs as sinus pressure was increased before vagotomy, but decreased after vagotomy. In blocked dogs atrial and ventricular rates decreased at high sinus pressure either before or after vagotomy. The results show that reflex circulatory responses to changes in carotid sinus pressure are enhanced in dogs with A-V block. This enhancement may involve attenuation of buffering influences exerted from other baroreceptors whose afferents are in the vagus nerves. PMID- 1110224 TI - Effect of preinspiratory lung volume on closing volume determination by nitrogen method. AB - The effect of preinspiratory lung volume on the N2 closing volume (CV) was studied in simulated CV determination in a lung model. The model analysis supports our hypothesis that inspiration of O2 initiated at the "closing capacity" (CC = CV ;V) will improve the resolution of the inflection point between phases III and IV. It further indicates that if the inflection point is located by extrapolating the terminal portion of phase IV, then the original N2 method could underestimate CV systematically as much as 5% VC because of the relatively small initial rise in N2 concentration. Conversely, the CV obtained by the modified method should be closer to the value obtained by the "bolus method." In practice, the modification can be done simply by adding a dead space (DS) with its capacity equal to CV (600-700 ml in male adults). The theoretical lung model analysis was confirmed by the experimental study, which showed that CV with DS was consistently larger than CV without DS (a mean difference of 4.7% VC). PMID- 1110225 TI - Acceleration time series resulting from repetitive extension-flexion of the hand. AB - Power, or variance, spectra of acceleration records obtained from normal subjects during extension-flexion oscillations of a hand at frequencies between 0.5-5.0 Hz generally contained two or three frequency bands. Partial separation of these oscillations in the time domain was obtained using the method of digital filtering (smoothing). In general, the peak frequency of the lowest frequency band occurred at, or nearly at, the frequency that the subject attempted to maintain during a 16-s digitization period. Consideration of absolute frequencies and the effect of mass on frequency indicated that one of the higher frequency bands was the result of normal hand tremor. For low frequencies of voluntary oscillation (0.5-1.25 Hz), a second, higher frequency band occurred with a peak frequency (3.0-4.25 Hz) within the range (3-6 Hz) usually reported for abnormal hand tremor. For voluntary oscillation frequencies above about 1.5 Hz, this second, higher frequency oscillation generally occurred at twice the frequency of the voluntary oscillation. PMID- 1110226 TI - Additive effects of acetylcholine released by vagal nerve stimulation on atrial rate. AB - In reserpinized dogs, the decrease in atrial rate (AR) as a function of the frequency of stimulation (supramaximal strength) of a single vagal nerve can be described satisfactorily by a rectangular hyperbola (RH). If the RH of one vagal nerve has been determined and if one point of the RH of the other vagal nerve is known, then the latter RH can be determined. Both RHs being known and assuming that the acetylcholine released by the right and left vagal nerves is additive, the slowing of AR by simultaneous stimulation of both nerves can be predicted. A minor systematic deviation from the predicted AR during simultaneous stimulation is usually found, which could be accounted for by a time dependent decrease of the effect of vagal nerve stimulation. The results are qualitatively similar during norepinephrine infusion. We propose that, although the vagal innervation may vary from pacemaker cell to pacemaker cell, the ratio of the activities of the two vagal nerves is constant throughout the sinoatrial node. PMID- 1110227 TI - De novo biosynthesis of plasminogen in the anephric rat. AB - Two major forms of plasminogen exist in the plasma of many different species. Each form is present in normal amounts in anephric patients and each form is synthesized de novo in bilaterally nephrectomized rats. Although the rate of synthesis of each form of plasminogen is lower than normal immediately after nephrectomy, the rate of plasma protein synthesis is also apparently lower than normal in these cases. This is thought to reflect the fact that the nephrectomized rat is in a state of circulatory distress immediately after kidney ligation. It is concluded that the kidney is not responsible for de novo biosynthesis of plasminogen. This point has been the subject of some confusion. PMID- 1110228 TI - Effect of muscle constriction on flow-limiting collapse of isolated canine trachea. AB - Before and after trachealis muscle contraction, induced by application of acetylcholine, the relationship of changing pressures to flow through excised canine tracheas was examined in a mechanical model simulating isovolume pressure flow relationships in vivo. At the same time, the change in cross-sectional lumen area at a point in the downstream third of the trachea was measured using slit lamp transillumination and cinematographic measurements. Trachealis muscle contraction reduced the uncompressed lumen area but inhibited dynamic collapse as driving pressures increased. As a result, following contraction, the initial slope of the tracheal pressure-flow (TPF) curve changed, indicating increase in resistance at low flows, but higher flows were achieved at higher driving pressures. Results suggest that smooth muscle tone of large airways may affect maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) and explain apparent discrepancies between in vivo measurements of resistance and Vmax. The magnitude of the Bernoulli effect contributing to airway narrowing was demonstrated by measurements of lateral airway pressures well in excess of driving pressure. PMID- 1110229 TI - Maximum permissible weight to be carried on the head by a male worker from eastern India. AB - Six healthy adult male Indian workers whose physical characteristics resembled those of the average worker from eastern India, were required to carry compact loads of 20, 30, 40, and 50 kg at a speed of 5 km/h on separate days. From observations on energy expenditures, of peak pulse rates, and of the patterns of recovery pulse rates, it was decided that for the average eastern Indian male worker the permissible weight of a compact load for manual carriage on a hard, level terrain should not ordinarily be more than 30 kg. PMID- 1110230 TI - Hypoxic ventilatory depression in dogs. AB - It is well known that hypoxia, acting mainly through peripheral chemoreceptors, is an important ventilatory stimulus. It is also known that under certain circumstances hypoxia can lead to ventilatory depression, perhaps through its effect on the central nervous system. This study, utilizing dogs, was carried out to determine the degree of hypoxia required to produce ventilatory depression and to study the effects of chloralose anesthesia, variations in blood carbon dioxide tension, and peripheral chemoreceptor denervation on hypoxic ventilatory depression. In the awake, intact dog, ventilatory depression did not occur until the Pao2 = 18.6 plus or minus 0.8 mmHg (SEM). This value was not significantly different from that observed in chloralose anesthetized dogs, Pao2 = 18.7 plus or minus 0.43 mmHg. Hyper- and hypocapnia had no significant effect on the Pao2 at which ventilatory depression occurred. Denervation of either aortic or carotid chemoreceptors produced a very small change in the Pao2 of ventilatory depression, increasing it from 18.6 plus or minus 0.58 to 20.8 plus or minus 0.93 mmHg. Denervation of both aortic and carotid chemoreceptors produced a further small increase (Pao2 = 21.8 plus or minus 0.76 mm Hg). In peripheral chemoreceptor-denervated animals, hypoxia produced no significant change in ventilation until the ventilatory depression point was reached. These studies indicate that in the dog hypoxic ventilatory depression occurs only during severe hypoxia and ventilatory depression occurs only during severe hypoxia and is uninfluenced by chloralose anesthesia, hyper- or hypocapnia, and only slightly affected by chemoreceptor denervation. PMID- 1110231 TI - A comparison of ventricular weights and geometry in newborn, young, and adult mammals. AB - The weight of individual anatomic segments of the heart and calculated left ventricular chamber volumes have been studied in the hearts of 214 normal mammals of seven species (sheep, swine, dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and rats). Comparisons have been made between newborn, young, and adult age groups. In addition, the heart weight-to-body weight ratio, percentage of right ventricular free wall weight in relation to left ventricular free wall weight (RVF/LVF), the relationship between calculated ventricular volume and weight and the left ventricular major minor axis ratios were examined in each age range. Heart weight (HW) in relation to body weight (BW) was greater in the newborn than adult in all species except the dog. HW/BW was twice as great in the adult dog as other species. In newborns RVF/LVF ranged from 55 percent in rats to 100 percent in puppies. Less species variation was present in adult hearts. Species with a more spherical adult LV configuration demonstrated a greater chamber mass-to-volume ratio. This may be attributable to greater wall tension. PMID- 1110232 TI - Specificity of swim training on maximum oxygen uptake. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the specificity-generality of the cardiorespiratory adaptation to swim training. Fifteen male, college age, recreational swimmers utilized interval swim training procedures 1 h/day, 3 days/wk for 10 wk. Maximum physiological measures (Vo2, Ve, HR, R, and work time) were determined prior to and following swim training during treadmill running and tethered swimming Vo2max tests. Identical measures were made on 15 control subjects who did not participate in any form of training. As a result of training, the experimental subjects significantly increased (all P is less than 0.01) their swimming Vo2max (380 ml/min) max Ve (14.9 l/min,btps) and max swim time (4.0 min), and significantly decreased (P is less than 0.05) their max HR (3.5 beats/min). However, there was no significant improvement in Vo2max when the same subjects were evaluated by the treadmill running test. Differences in Vo2max and associated measures during running and swimming tests remained essentially unchanged for control subjects. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate the specificity of the cardiorespiratory adaptation to swim training in male recreational swimmers. PMID- 1110233 TI - Ventilatory effects of hypoxia and their dependence on PCO2. AB - In 11 healthy subjects the effect of progressive hypoxia on pulmonary ventilation at various alveolar carbon dioxide pressures was studied. A rebreathing technique was used to produce hypoxia, CO2 was held constant and oxygen saturation was taken as the independent variable. We found a linear relationship between ventilation and falls in oxygen saturation when Pco2 was held at the resting mixed venous, end-tidal, or any intermediate level. Within this range of Pco2, a family of ventilation-So2 response curves was obtained for each subject. The effect of altering the isocapnic level was to change the slope and position of the ventilation-So2 response curve, the amount by which the slope changed being related to the slope for that subject at their mixed venous Pco2. PMID- 1110234 TI - Circadian variation of intercompartmental potassium fluxes in man. AB - Circadian rhythms of plasma potassium concentration and urinary potassium excretion persisted in three normal volunteers when diurnal variations in activity, posture, and dietary intake were eliminated for 3-10 days. Measurements of the arteriovenous difference in plasma potassium concentration across the resting forearm and of erythrocyte potassium concentration suggested that there is a net flux of potassium from ICF to ECF in the early morning and a reverse net flux later in the day. The total net ICF-ECF fluxes were estimated from the diurnal variations in extracellular potassium content corrected for dietary intake and urinary potassium loss. The net fluxes between ICF and ECF were found to be counterbalanced by the circadian rhythm in urinary potassium excretion. Desynchronization of these rhythms would result in marked fluctuations in extracellular potassium content. These findings suggest that some revision is required of the concept of basal state in potassium homeostasis. PMID- 1110235 TI - Influence of perfusion rate and compliance on esophageal manometry. AB - The accuracy of esophageal manometry using the conventional perfused three-lumen catheter depends on the proper choice of the perfusion rate. Previous investigators have used a wide range of perfusion rates without considering the compliance of the transducer-catheter assembly as a variable in the selection of the perfusion rate for the hydraulic systems. We present a relationship relating the perfusion rate and the compliance which specifies the minimum adequate perfusion rate for a given transducer-catheter assembly. This approach explains apparent discrepancies in the literature regarding the proper rate of perfusion for accurate measurement of esophageal contractions. Esophageal motility tests with 10 subjects confirmed the accuracy of manometric tests at the prescribed perfusion rate (1.25 ml/min) since they compared well with intraluminal pressures measured directly with a Honeywell intraesophageal transducer. The effect of perfusion rate on the apmlitude of esophageal contraction was also investigated and it is shown that high perfusion rates result in increased amplitudes of contraction. Furthermore, at large perfusion rates a large volume of liquid builds up in the esophagus. This fluid accumulation could possibly be responsible for the increased amplitudes of contraction. PMID- 1110236 TI - Selective parasympathectomy of the heart. AB - Attempts to devise a chronic animal model with parasympathetic cardiac denervation have been complicated by early mortality due to pulmonary and esophagogastric dysfunction. By use of surgical techniques confined to the intrapericardial left atrium and immediately adjacent vena cava, selective cardiac parasympathectomy was performed on dogs. Verification of denervation was performed at the time of surgery by electrical stimulation of the cervical and thoracic vagi and stellate ganglia while recording blood pressure, ECG, and atrial and ventricular contractile force. Results demonstrate complete efferent parasympathetic denervation and abolition of the Bezold-Jurish reflex. Tachycardia at approximately 140/min was noted in all animals immediately and for several weeks postoperatively. No extracardiac complications were noted in any of the animals subjected to this procedure. Right heart catheterization of the conscious sedated dog revealed no evidence of right heart failure. Evidence of parasympathetic efferent reinnervation (sinus arrhythmia) was seen in some animals. This preparation should prove useful in studies of parasympathetic control of the heart, coronary vessels, and cardiovascular reflexes. PMID- 1110237 TI - A stable, sensitive, low-compliance capacitance force transducer. AB - The measurement of active and passive force levels in heart muscle requires short and long-term base-line stability. The capacitance force transducer described here represents an optimization of the relationship between sensitivity, compliance, and frequency response in a design that minimizes long-term base-line drift related to thermal gradients within the apparatus. Thermal stability of the instrument is obtained with the use of quartz and Invar in the construction of the variable capacitor, the maintenance of internal transducer temperature at a constant level well above ambient, and the use of thermally insulating air gaps. Sensitivity ranges from 1.0 to 2.0 V/g wt in the several instruments tested, the output is linear, compliance is negligible with static loads up to 6 g wt, hysteresis is not significant with transient loading with 20 g wt, and long-term drift is greater than or equal to 0.050 g wt. These instruments are designed for use with myocardial preparations but can be adapted for skeletal muscle experiments. PMID- 1110238 TI - Peripheral vascular response to norepinephrine at temperatures from 2 to 40 degrees C. AB - The response to norepinephrine (NE) was studied in the perfused whole vascular bed and perfused arteries in situ and on helical strips of arteries and veins from the isolated duck leg. NE consistently produced vasoconstriction but the sensitivity was 3-50 times greater in the whole vascular bed than in artery segments. The drug effect was maximal at temperatures near 25 degrees C and diminished considerably at low temperatures (2-5 degrees C). Isolated helical strips of arteries and veins, when exposed to NE, showed maximal developed force at 25-30 degrees C. Tibial vessels developed only slight force at 5 degrees C while the tarsal-metatarsal and digital vessels responded even at 2 degrees C. The sensitivity to NE of both vessel types from the same region was similar. Flow in whole vascular bed perfused at constant pressure (40 cmH2O) was maximum at 30 35 degrees C. At both higher and lower temperatures flow declined and was about the same at 2 degrees C as at 40 degrees C. Our findings indicate that the vasoconstrictor effect of NE is exerted on both large and small veins and arteries; yet peripheral vessels respond more than do proximal segments at low temperatures. These findings suggest that peripheral vascular compartments may be capable of regulating regional blood flow at temperatures approaching freezing. PMID- 1110239 TI - Myocardial and total body extractions of radiorubidium in anesthetized dogs. AB - Myocardium (EM) and average total body (ETB) extractions of 86-Rb were determined in 24 anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Blood from the coronary sinus and from the pulmonary artery reflected the uptake of 86-Rb by myocardium and the total body, respectively, and extractions were computed from the relative arteriovenous differences (A-V/A). While the arterial concentration of 86-Rb was constant, EM varied from 0.66 plus or minus .02 (SE) at 2-2.5 min to 0.65 plus or minus 0.02 at 5-5.5 min, and ETB varied from 0.63 plus or minus 0.01 to 0.58 plus or minus 0.01 over the same interval. Mean extractions were similar statistically at 2-2.5 min, but individual differences as great as 30% were encountered at the 95% confidence level. After 3 min of 86-Rb administration, EM significantly exceeded ETB (P is less than 0.05) due to the more rapid decline with time of ETB. The similarity of the early extractions of 86-Rb by myocardium and by the total body supports, in general, the use of the radiorubidium uptake method for measuring coronary blood flow. However, the administration of the indicator should be brief, and rather large errors in individual estimates must be anticipated. PMID- 1110240 TI - Effect of added elastances on the first loaded breath in man. AB - Tidal volume together with end-inspiratory pressure was measured in four seated healthy men, during normal breathing and during single inspirations taken from a series of rigid containers which provided added elastances (range: 5-70 cmH2O/l). Experiments were performed both during quiet breathing and during ventilation increased by added dead space. Added elastic loads always resulted in a decreased tidal volume. This decrease was partly compensated by increased pressure developed by the inspiratory muscles; being more so with greater added elastance, control ventilation, or both. Analysis of our results indicates that the load compensatory response may be attributed to changes in mechanical impedance of the ventilatory pump, due to the mechanical arrangement and the intrinsic properties of the inspiratory muscles (force-length and force-velocity relationships), changes in respiratory frequency with increasing ventilation, and to vagally mediated load compensation. PMID- 1110241 TI - Energy cost of square dancing. AB - This experiment was concerned with determining the energy cost of two popular Western square dancing routines: the "Mish-Mash," which is a relatively fast moving dance with quick movements, and the "Singing" dance, which is a slower and more deliberate type of dance. The subjects were four middle-aged couples, veteran members of a local square dancing club. Sitting and standing pulmonary ventilations were determined through the use of the Tissot gasometer. Kofranyi Michaelis respirometers were employed for the dance routine ventilations. These apparatus were fitted with a Monoghan neoprene cushion plastic mask. Gas samples were collected in polyethylene metallized bags and analyzed for O2 and CO2 content. The net energy cost for the two dances was appropriately summarized. The results indicated that for the males the net average energy cost of the "Mish Mash" dance was 0.085 and 0.077 kcal/min per kg for the "Singing" dance. For the females, the cost was 0.088 and 0.084 kcal/min per kg, respectively. A net average cost of these two dances yielded a caloric expenditure of 5.7 kcal/min for a 70-kg male and 5.2 kcal/min for a 60-kg female. It was indicated that during the course of a typical square dance evening, a 70-kg man would expend some 425 kcal. while a 60-kg female would burn some 390 kcal. The energy cost of the dances studied were determined to be within the permissible work load of a functional class 1 patient with diseases of the heart as determined by the American Heart Association. PMID- 1110242 TI - Effects of atropine on natural deflation flows and P-V curves of the isolated lung lobe. AB - Static pressure-volume (P-V) curves and natural deflation flows (NDF) in isolated dog's lung lobes were obtained before and after atropine. Since elastic pressure was the driving force for the expiratory flow this preparation was devoid of the influence of compressive forces. A significant shift to the left of the P-V curve was observed after atropine. Mean increase in volume in the range from 30 to 2 cmH2O transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) was 0.6 ml/g (about 4% increase in percent of maximal lung volume MLV). NDF at the same Ptp (referred to as airway conductance) were significantly higher after atropine (mean increase 3 ml/s per g, about 0.15 l/s). Increase in lung volume after atropine was interpreted as evidence of relaxation of residual bronchomotor tone which in turn, by increasing airway diameters, may produce higher flows. When NDF were plotted against volume, differences between control and atropine were reduced. This was attributed to the observed leftward displacement of the P-V curve. The linear relationship found between NDF and volume in the range 2-8 cmH2O of Ptp (about 35-75% MLV) suggests a proportionate change in airway conductance with lung size. This could indicate that the lobes behaved homogeneously during passive deflation. This pattern was not modified by atropine. PMID- 1110243 TI - Effects of changes in PaCO2 on pulmonary input impedance. AB - Pulmonary arterial input impedance spectra were computed in goats in whom the appropriate pressure and flow transducers had been chronically implanted. In response to either hypocapnia or hypercapnia, under anesthesia (1% halothane in a 70% nitrous oxide--30% oxygen mixture) there were no significant modifications of impedance at zero frequency; no consistent or significant changes in the impedance moduli at frequencies between 2 and 14 Hz were observed; the position of the first impedance minimum or the subsequent maximum was not modified; however, pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly with hypercapnia. Although the load opposing right ventricular ejection was not modified by variation of Paco2, right ventricular work was reduced in response to hypocapnia and augmented in response to hypercapnia. PMID- 1110244 TI - Forearm blood flow during body temperature transients produced by leg exercise. AB - Subjects exercised for 30 min on a bicycle ergometer at 30, 50, and 70% of maximal aerobic power in ambient temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 degrees C and vapor pressures of less than 18 Torr. Exercise was used to vary internal temperature during an experiment, and different ambient temperatures were used to vary skin temperatures independently of internal temperature. Forearm skin temperature was fixed at about 36.5 degrees C. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was measured with a thermocouple at the level of the left atrium, and mean skin temperature (Tsk) was calculated from a weighted mean of thermocouple temperatures at eight skin sites. Forearm blood flow (BF) was measured by electrocapacitance plethysmography. Our data are well accounted for by an equation of the form BF = a1Tes + q2Tsk + b, independent of exercise intensity, although some subjects showed an equivocal vasodilator effect of exercise. The ratios a1/a2 (7.5, 9.6, 11.7) are quite similar to the ratios (8.6, 10.4) of the corresponding coefficients in two recent models of thermoregulatory sweating. PMID- 1110245 TI - Role of inertia in the measurement of dynamic compliance. AB - Dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was measured at different frequencies (breaths/min) in 30 nonsmoking males and females aged 30-59 yr. In those aged 30-49 yr Cydn at 90 breaths/min was significantly higher than at 15 breaths/min while those aged 50 59 yr showed no significant difference. Assuming an inertance of 0.01 cmH2O/l per s-2, and a sinusoidal breathing frequency, Cydn at 60 and 90 breaths/min was corrected for inertia. In the 30-49 yr age group corrected Cydn did not change with increasing frequency of breathing whereas in the 50-59 yr age group Cydn at 15 breaths/min was significantly higher than at 90 breaths/min (P is less than 0.05). In this age group, four of eight subjects were frequency dependent when corrected for inertia. These findings indicate that inertia influences Cydn at breathing frequencies of 60 per min and above. Unless this is taken into account, frequency dependence of compliance may be missed. The results also indicate that frequency dependence of compliance is normal in some older individuals but is not normal in the younger age group. PMID- 1110246 TI - Glucagon and plasma catecholamine responses to graded and prolonged exercise in man. AB - Eight men were studied during graded (47, 77, and 100% of maximal oxygen uptake) and prolonged (76%) exhaustive treadmill running. During graded exercise the glucagon concentration increased 35% from 81 plus or minus 7 pg/ml (mean and SE) at rest to 109 plus or minus 17 after the heaviest load. During prolonged exercise glucagon increased progressively to three times (226 plus or minus 40) the resting value. Norepinephrine increased from 0.40 plus or minus 0.06 ng/ml to 2.22 plus or minus 0.39, epinephrine from 0.07 plus or minus 0.01 to 0.42 plus or minus 0.13 during graded, and to 1.51 plus or minus 0.08 and 0.33 plus or minus 0.04, respectively, during prolonged exercise. Insulin concentrations were depressed during work except for the heaviest load. Fatty acids rose throughout prolonged exercise, whereas blood glucose significantly diminished 30 min afterward. Glucagon concentrations correlated significantly with norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations during prolonged and with epinephrine during graded exercise. Although increments in catecholamines were similar, the glucagon secretion was larger during prolonged than during graded exercise. While increments in catecholamines might explain increased glucagon secretion during graded exercise, they cannot account completely for the rise of glucagon during prolonged exercise. PMID- 1110247 TI - A theory of aerosol deposition in the human respiratory tract. AB - The deposition of inhaled aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract is due to the mechanisms of inertia impaction, Brownian diffusion, and gravitational settling. A theory is developed to predict the particle deposition and its distribution in human respiratory tract for any breathing condition. A convection diffusion equation for the particle concentration with a loss term is used to describe the transport and deposition of particles. In this equation, an apparent diffusion coefficient due to the velocity dispersion in the lung is present and found to be the dominant diffusion mechanism for the cases considered here. Expressions for deposition by various mechanisms are also derived. The governing equation is solved numerically with Weibel's lung model A. The particle concentration at the mouth is calculated during washin and washout and compared favorably with experimental recordings for 0.5-mum diameter di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate particles. The total deposition in the lung for particle size ranging from 0.05 to 5 mum is also computed for a 500-cm-3 tidal volume and 15 breaths/min. The results in general agree with recent measurements of Heyder et al. However, a particle size of minimum deposition is found to exist theoretically near 0.3 mum. PMID- 1110248 TI - Aging, isometric strength and endurance, and cardiovascular responses to static effort. AB - Previous studies on the relationship of age to isometric muscular strength are few, on isometric endurance rare, and on the physiological responses to static effort nonexistent. This investigation assessed the maximal handgrip strength, the duration of a fatiguing handgrip contraction at a tension of 40% of maximal strength and the heart rate and blood pressure during that contraction of 100 men aged from 22 to 62 yr. The subjects of this study were all men employed in a machine shop for a large aircraft corporation. The homogeneity of their occupations may well explain why, unlike previous reports, we found no change in muscular strength or muscular endurance with age. However, although heart rate increased during the contraction in all subjects, the increase in heart rate was greater in younger men. In contrast, while both systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased during the contraction in all subjects, the largest increase in systolic blood pressure was attained by the men in the older decades; there was no difference due to age in the diastolic blood pressures. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 1110249 TI - Mechanical properties of the lungs and experimental asthma in conscious allergic dogs. AB - Three allergic dogs were trained to swallow an esophageal balloon, breathe through a tracheostomy tube, and stand quietly in a wooden stall. The mechanical properties of their lungs were measured reproducibly over many months. Average values were: pulmonary resistance 1.33 cmH2O/l per s, static lung compliance 104 ml/cmH2O, and functional residual capacity 982 ml. In two dogs inhalation of histamine aerosol caused a 374% increase in resistance; inhalation of Ascaris suum aerosol caused a 307% increase in resistance. The increased resistance was associated with mild-to-moderate respiratory distress and slightly increased functional residual capacity. Aerosols of isoproterenol or atropine sulfate inhibited the increased resistance. We conclude that the conscious allergic dog is a suitable subject for the long-term study of asthma. Our present results are consistent with our earlier findings in anesthetized dogs, that a vagal reflex is involved in acute bronchomotor responses to inhalation of histamine as well as specific antigen. PMID- 1110250 TI - On simultaneous monitoring and tracking. PMID- 1110251 TI - Effect of rate and level of lowered finger surface temperature on manual performance. PMID- 1110252 TI - Job satisfaction, counterproductive behavior, and drug use at work. PMID- 1110253 TI - The Protestant Ethic Scale as a predictor of repetitive work performance. PMID- 1110254 TI - Work behavior demensions of psychiatric attendants and aides. PMID- 1110255 TI - Leadership orientation as a function of interpersonal need structure. PMID- 1110256 TI - Perceived leadership behavior and employee confidence in the leader as moderated by job involvement. PMID- 1110257 TI - Situation-specific experience and nitrogen narcosis in the diving environment. PMID- 1110258 TI - Personality and situational determinants of leader behavior. PMID- 1110259 TI - Effects of supervisors' sex and level of authoritarianism on evaluation and reinforcement of blind and sighted workers. PMID- 1110260 TI - Variant HeLa cells selected for their resistance to ouabain. AB - The cardiac glyoside, ouabain, normally kills HeLa cells at concentrations of about 10-7 M or greater. By treating a population of HeLa cells with increasingly higher concentrations of the drug, a vaiant population was obtained of HeLa cells capable of growing in medium containing 10-4 M ouabain. Inhibition of volume regulation of cells subjected to hypotonic shock was used as a measure of inhibition of active transport of Na across the plasma membrane. In that way of dose-response curves for the rapid effects of ouabain and other inhibitors of active Na transport were obtained with both the original, ouabain-sensitive (OS) and the variant, ouabain-resistant (OR) cells. Three other cardiac glycosides (digoxin, digtoxin and hellebrin) and two aglycones (digitoxigenin and strophanthidin) were found to be equally as effective as ouabain in inhibiting volume regulation of the OS cells; the concentration whichproduced half-maximum inhibition, I(max/2), was about 6X 10-7 M in each case. Similar inhibition of the OR population by ouabain was observed only when the concentration exceeded 10-4 M [I(max/2-2.5 X 10-4 M], and the other steroid compounds had no effect on the variant cells at the highest concentrations tested (-2 X 10-5 M). OR and OS cells different also in their sensitivities to its cardoactive erythrophleum alkaloid, coumingine; I(max/2) for OS and OR cells was 5 X 10-8 M and 6 X 10-7 M, respectively. These results in addition to results of ouabain binding experiments and measurements of the rates of reversal of inhibition of volume regulation, suggest that a major reason for the differential sensitivities of the two phenotypes to these drugs is different affinities of their sodium pumps for inhibitors of active transport. PMID- 1110261 TI - Slow phase hemolysis in hypotonic electrolyte solutions. AB - When a population of erythrocytes is partially hemolyzed the time course of hemolysis can be divided into a fast phase and a slow phase. The slow phase occurs with both rapid and gradual addition of the hypotonic medium (rapid and gradual hemolysis). There is no difference in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes remaining at 60 minutes after rapid or gradual hemolysis. Erythrocytes near their critical hemolytic volume have an equimolar ouabaininsensitive sodium-potassium exchange. Critical non-hemolytic swelling with resulting stress on the membrane appears requisite to slow phase hemolysis since more non-penetrant sucrose is required to prevent slow phase lysis rather than that which would be predicted from the intracellular colloid osmotic pressure due to hemoglobin. Sucrose protection from slow phase hemolysis thus depends not only on counter-balancing the colloid osmotic pressure, but also removal of sufficient intracellular water to prevent critical membrane strain. This model is consistent with that proposed by Katchalsky. Irreversible membrane changes associated with hypotonic stress manifested by persistent stomatocytic shape change and membrane wrinkling on return of cells to isotonicity appear to be due to critical changes in membrane components. Such cells, having normal indices and specific gravity are less deformable than control cells in 2.8 mum pore size polycarbonate filters. PMID- 1110262 TI - Diabetes mellitus: an underestimated public health program. PMID- 1110263 TI - Demographic characteristics of persons with acute herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. PMID- 1110264 TI - Psychobiological variables in the onset and recurrence of gouty arthritis: a chronic disease model. PMID- 1110265 TI - Medication use and misuse: physician-patient discrepancies. PMID- 1110266 TI - Cardiopulmonary toxicity of propellants for aerosols. PMID- 1110267 TI - Five fluorocarbons for administration of aerosol bronchodilators. AB - The exposure of the upper respiratory tract to aerosol propellants produces apnea, bradycardia, and biphasic fall and rise in aortic blood pressure in anesthetized dogs. This response represents the irritation of sensory receptors in the nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa and is not elicited with aerosol propellants administered via a tracheal cannula bypassing the upper respiratory tract. When this is done, a different reflex is elicited, consisting of tachycardia that is mediated by the thoracic sympathetic nerves. There is either bronchodilation or bronchoconstriction depending on the type of propellant. The three propellants (11, 12, and 114) widely used in aerosols, when inspired in large doses, elicit both bradycardia and tachycardia and induce bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation. Two additional propellants (115 and C318), which are not ordinarily used to dispense bronchodilator drugs, do not elicit any change in heart rate and produce only bronchodilation. It is suggested that these two propellants merit further investigation and may replace the three widely used ones if these prove the use and abuse of aerosols. PMID- 1110268 TI - A source of data is not a measuring instrument. PMID- 1110269 TI - Cutaneous sensitivity in schizophrenics and normals under two levels of proprioceptive arousal. PMID- 1110270 TI - The regression hypothesis and subclassifications of schizophrenia. PMID- 1110271 TI - Phobias and preparedness: phobic versus neutral pictures as conditioned stimuli for human autonomic responses. PMID- 1110272 TI - Electrodermal habituation and subjective response: effects of manifest anxiety and autonomic arousal. PMID- 1110273 TI - Development and evaluation of an interpersonal skill-training program for psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 1110274 TI - Mental activity in relaxed wakefulness. PMID- 1110275 TI - Time consciousness, achievement striving, and the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. PMID- 1110276 TI - Disappearance of paranoid symptoms with chronicity. PMID- 1110277 TI - Loudness enhancement in man. I. Brainstem-evoked response correlates. PMID- 1110278 TI - Some influences of subjectives tones in monaural tone-on-tone masking. PMID- 1110279 TI - Difference thresholds for interaural delay. PMID- 1110280 TI - Relation of the loudness function to the intesnity characteristic of the ear. PMID- 1110282 TI - Interaural phase and amplitude relationships of bone-conduction signals. PMID- 1110281 TI - Comparison of critical ratios and critical bands in the monaural chinchilla. PMID- 1110283 TI - On the nonmonotonic behavior of cubic distortion products in the human ear. PMID- 1110284 TI - Systematic error in some methods of reverse correlation. PMID- 1110285 TI - Effect of voiced speech parameters on the intelligibility of PB words. PMID- 1110286 TI - Stimulus familiarity and ear superiority in dichotic listening. PMID- 1110287 TI - Measurement of the glottal waveform. PMID- 1110289 TI - Letter: Anomaly in pitch perception. PMID- 1110288 TI - Probe-tube microphone assembly. PMID- 1110290 TI - Letter: Mach bands in auditory masking revisted. PMID- 1110291 TI - Letter : Speech recognition through spectrogram matching. PMID- 1110292 TI - Small airway obstruction in allergic rhinitis. AB - Applying newer techniques to assess the reactivity of small peripheral airways, we studied the effects of saline and methacholine inhalation in patients with allergic rhinitis. The maximum midexpiratory flow rate (MMF) and the maximum terminal flow (MTF) were used to assess the degree of small airway obstruction. Four rhinitis patients (13 per cent) had abnormal baseline MMF and/or MTF and 12 patients (38 per cent) developed a decrease in MMF and/or MTF after saline inhalation. Twenty-one patients (66 per cent) responded to methacholine inhalation with a greater than 20 per cent fall in the MMF and/or MTF. This response was significantly different from that of the control subjects (p less than 0.01). The patients' hyperresponsiveness appears to be similar to that of asthmatic patients except that the obstruction is primarily limited to the airways. PMID- 1110293 TI - Allergic granulomatous angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). PMID- 1110294 TI - Dietary standards. AB - There are two primary purposes and uses of dietary standards--the planning of diets or food supplies and the evaluation of dietary histories. It is argured that no single set of dietary standards can adequately fulfill both functions. The design of diets requires considerations other than estimates of nutritional needs--food supplies, food habits, and so forth--and must ordinarily provide the needs of groups ofmixed age, sex, and activity. Standards based on nutrient density may be the most useful for this purpose. The evaluation of the nutritional adequacy of foods eaten must be based on estimates of nutritional need. How, in applying, such standards, consideration must be given to the variability in nutrient intake from day to day. Current methods of evaluating dietary data inevitably overestimate the number of individuals at risk of nutritional deficiency. PMID- 1110295 TI - Nutritional status of black preschool children in Mississippi. Influence of income, mother's education, and food programs. AB - The nutritional status of 247 black preschoolers in two counties of Mississippi was studied by relating caloric and nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements to homemaker's education, family income, and participation in Food Stamp and donated food programs..23AUTHOR Low intakes of calories, iron, calcium, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid were found in many of the children, regardless of the variable considered. These findings--in comparison with similar studies- imply that, as time passes, low education and income are having less impact on child nutrition. This ameliorating effect may be due to programs designed to educate parents and extend purchasing power of food dollars. Thus, it seems advisable to continue these programs.?23AUTHOR PMID- 1110296 TI - Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices of high school graduates. AB - A mail survey was conducted to investigate the relationship between previous nutrition education in high school home economics classes and the present nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Ohio high school graduates. Findings revealed that young women previously enrolled in home economics courses with a unit in food, nutrition, and health did not achieve significantly higher scores in tests of nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices than did those who had not been exposed to such nutritional education. Attitudes toward food and nutrition were found to mediate the nutritional knowledge and practices of these high school graduates. PMID- 1110298 TI - Personal history and job tenure of dietary employees. AB - Possible relationships of six personal characteristics reported on application blanks and job tenure of hospital dietary employees were statistically analyzed. By chisquare analysis, three characteristics--age (forty-six years or older), marital status (widowed or divorced), and education (less than nine years)- appeared to be positively related to longer tenure (over six months). However, multiple regression analysis to determine the combined effect of all variables indicated no relationship which could be used to predicting tenure when employing dietary workers. PMID- 1110297 TI - Lipid analysis of a frozen egg substitute. AB - The lipid composition of an egg substitute and fresh eggs was conpared. The total lipid was divided into fractions on a silicic acid column. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis demonstrated that the egg substitute was practically void of cholesteryl esters. Gas-liquid-chromatographic analysis were used to ascertain the fatty acid composition of the various fractions. Eggs contained considerably higher concentrations of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids than did the substitute. The polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration in the substitute was approximately three times that of eggs. In all fractions, the eggs contained several more individual fatty acids than did the egg substitute. PMID- 1110299 TI - Case report: diagnosis and management of type I hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 1110300 TI - Consultant dietitians effect change by working with administrator and foodservice supervisor. PMID- 1110301 TI - A decade of Dial-a-Dietitian in Columbus, Ohio. AB - Data gathered during the decade 1962-1972 on Dial-a-Dietitian as a community service of the Columbus Dietetic Association support the usefulness of this unique experiment in community nutrition education. The image of the dietitian as a spokesman for the science of nutrition and as a contributing member of the health team should be advanced in every way possible. Dial-a-Dietitian is a realistic vehicle which offers much needed assistance. There emerges the need for individualized diet counseling with a fee-for-service and referral from the physician or dentist. Dial-a-Dietitian might then be in a position to direct its enery and resources toward better serving community needs with respect to normal nutrition education. District dietetic associations should define and redefine the objectives to be served by the Dial-a-Diettian program as these relate to specific and changing requirements. PMID- 1110302 TI - The RDAs are not for amateurs. PMID- 1110303 TI - Ultrastructural studies of keratinized epithelia of the mouse. III. Determination of the volumes of nuclei and cytoplasm of cells in murine epidermis. AB - Simple morphometric analyses were applied to mouse epidermal specimens prepared for electrom microscopy. Mean values were obtained for the dimensions of cells and nuclei in basal, suprabasal, and granular layers. These measurements were applied to simplified models representing the shapes of cells in the three strata. A fourfold increase in cytoplasmic volume was observed as cells passed from the basal to granular layers. During this transition, the nuclear volume did not decrease significantly. PMID- 1110304 TI - Secretion from human apocrine glands: an electron microscopic study. AB - Electron microscopic examination of apocrine glands revealed three types of secretion: merocrine apocrine, and possible holocrine. In the merocrine type of secretion numerous vesicles originating in the Golgi area discharged their granular contents into the lumen of the gland. In the apocrine type of secretion three stages were observed: (1) formation of an apical cap; (2) formation of a dividing membrane at the base of the apical cap; and (3) formation of tubules avove the dividing membrand that extended parallel to the membrane and led to a separation of the apical cap from the underlying cell, In the holocrine type of secretion individual secretory cells or even strands of secretory cells were dischard into the lumen of the gland. PMID- 1110305 TI - Congenital circumscribed hypomelanosis: a characterization based on electron microscopic study of tuberous sclerosis, nevus depigmentosus, and piebaldism. AB - Subcellular defects of hypomelanosis in tuberous sclerosis (TS) (28 subjects) were compared by light and electron microscopy with oThere forms of congenital circumscribed hypomelanosis that occur in nevus depigmentosus (ND) (8 subjects) and in piebaldism (PB) (4 subjects), respectively. On the light microscopic level in both TS and ND, the population density of functioning melanocytes was normal but each perikaryon was small, and dopa activity was decreased. On the ultrastructural level, the hypomelanotic skin and hair of TS were associated with a decrease in the synthesis, melanization, and size of melanosomes; the decrease in the size of melanosomes resulted in the aggregation of melanosomes (i.e., a melanosome complex) in the keratinocytes in all the specimens examined. In ND, ther were no obvious changes in the size and melanocytes. the hypomelanosis of ND is related to the decreased synthesis and also, perhaps, abnormal transfer of melanosomes. In PB the hypomelanosis of the skin and hair results from the absence of functional melanocytes. The hypermelanotic areas of PB, however, characteristically contain melanocytes that synthesize abnormal (sperical and granular) as well as normal (ellipsoidal and lamellar) melanosomes. PMID- 1110306 TI - Morphometric evaluation of sebaceous gland volume in intact, castrated, and testosterone-treated rats. AB - Starting a 19 weeks of age six male rats, castrated at 16 weeks, were injected intramuscularly three times per week with 0.25 mg testosterone propionate (dissolved in sesame oil) per 100 grams body weight. Four castrated control rats received sesame oil only. Samples of dorsal skin were taken under light ether anesthesia at the time of orchidectomy and at weekly intervals during treatment. Histologic sections were cut perpendicular to the skin surface, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and analyzed morphometrically for their volume content of sebaceous glands, A square grid of 42 sampling points was superimposed on each microscopic field at a maganification of 300X and an average of about 1000 points were counted over the entire thickness of the skin in each section. The average thickness of the skin was also determined for each sample. Three weeks after castration the mm-3 of sebaceous glands per cm-2 of skin was reduced from 1.76 to 0.96, a difference that is statistically significant at p is less than 0.005. One week after starting testosterone injections, the volume of sebaceous glands was more than double that in the control animals: 3.0 vs 1.2(p is less than 0.02). Even greater differences were found at 2 to 4 weeks of treatment. PMID- 1110307 TI - Serum complement and immunity in experimental simian malaria. II. Preferential activation of early components and failure of depletion of late components to inhibit protective immunity. AB - The role of complement in the control of parasitemia was examined. Depletion of late components (3-9) by cobra venom factor did not alter either the degree or course of parasitemia during the pre-immune or immune stages of infection. The pattern of consumption of complement components was therefore examined. Concomitant with schizont rupture there was depletion of early-acting components (C1, C4, and C2) of the clasical complement pathway. The magnitude and remporal relationships of the fall were similar for these three components. Serum levels returned to prerupture values over 36-48 hr, and then the cycle was repeated. There was no simultaneous change in the levels of C3, C3 proactivator, or C6. These results delineate a new pattern of cyclical consumption of early components of the classical complement pathway associated temporally with schizont rupture and suggest that the late-acting components are not required for protective host immunity in malaria. PMID- 1110308 TI - Familial clustering of hepatitis B surface antigen among Panamanian Indians. AB - Several authors have suggested that the host genome determines the occurrence of chronic HBS Ag (hepatitis B surface antigen). In attempts to evaluate this possibility, total infection rate and the combined frequencies of HBS Ag and antibody to HBS Ag and radioimmunoprecipitation to measure antibody to HBS Ag, we tested sera from 255 Panamanian Guaymi Indians. They represented 48 families and 32 living units. Clusters of chronically antigenemic individuals were found in families. Clusters of infection were not found in families or living units. Differences in family composition (age and sex) did not explain the increased occurrence of HGS Ag. These findings support the hypothesis that some humans have an inherited susceptibility to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus after exposure. PMID- 1110309 TI - Man, his animals and Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 1110310 TI - URGE continued family practice impetus. PMID- 1110311 TI - Femoral neck fractures: complications of internal fixation. PMID- 1110312 TI - An unusual cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 1110313 TI - ICF and Iowa physicians. PMID- 1110314 TI - The hairless, odorless axilla: an example of selective end-organ unresponsiveness to androgen. PMID- 1110315 TI - Clinically important drug interactions. PMID- 1110316 TI - The use of equalization tubes in nonsuppurative otits media. PMID- 1110317 TI - Extraosseous manifestations of plasma cell myeloma. PMID- 1110318 TI - Approaches to the evaluation of physical therapy services. PMID- 1110319 TI - Diuretics. PMID- 1110320 TI - Cervical cancer deaths in Maine. A retrospective case study. PMID- 1110321 TI - Normal and branched alkanes from cast skins of the grasshopper Schistocerca vaga (Scudder). AB - Gas-liquid chromatographic and mass spectral analyses of the hydrocarbons from cast skins of the grasshopper Schistocerca vaga (Scudder) demonstrated the presence of four homologous series of alkanes: n-alkanes (35%), monomethylalkanes (24%), dimethylalkanes (35%), and trimethylalkanes (3%). The methyl branches were located towards the center of the molecule, and no 2- or 3-methylalkanes were detected by mass spectrometry. The branched alkanes occurred as isomeric mixtures with the methyl group(s) usually located on carbon atom 11, 13, 15, or 17. In the di- and trimethylalkanes, the branch points had isoprenoid spacing. Of the total hydrocarbons, the major component of the n-alkane series was nonacosane, 23%; of the monomethylalkanes, it was 11-, 13-, 15-, and 17-methylpentatriacontanes, 13%; of the dimethylalkanes, 9,13-, 11,15-, 13,17-, and 15,19 dimethylpentatriacontanes, 20%; and of the trimethylalkanes, 11,15,19- and 13,17,21-trimethylpentatriacontanes, 1%. PMID- 1110322 TI - Enzymes of phospholipid metabolism in the plasma membrane of Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - Phospholipase A, lyophospholipase, acyl CoA hydrolase, and palmitoyl CoA synthetase are present in the plasma membrane of Acanthamoeba castellanii. The first three of these enzymes also occur in other cell fractions but in concentrations too low for the activities in the plasma membrane fraction to be accounted for by contamination by any other cell fraction. Palmitoyl CoA synthetase is restricted almost entirely to the plasma membrane and microsomal fractions; the microsomal activity is too low for the plasma membrane activity to be due to contamination by microsomes. Acyl COA:lysolecithin acyltransferase is predominantly localized in the microsomal fraction, but the activity of the plasma membrane is probably too great to be accounted for by microsomal contamination. CDPcholine:1,2-diglyceride cholinephosphotransferase is restricted almost entirely to the microsomal fraction. Phospholipase C was not detected in any cell fraction or in the growth medium. PMID- 1110323 TI - Biosynthesis of digalactosyl diglyceride in Vicia faba leaves. AB - Developing and mature leaf tissue from Vicia faba plants were pulse-fed 14-CO2. The lipids were extracted at intervals after exposure to light, and the galactolipids monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) and digalactosyl diglyceride (DGDG) were separated. After methylation and methanolysis, gas-liquid chromatography was used to separate the two galactose units of DGDG and the galactose of MGDG. The specific activities of the galactoses and the changes over the time period of the experiment were determined. The results support the view that DGDG is formed by galactosylation of MGDG. This does not take place by a rapid two-enzyme system reaction but more slowly in two phases: galactosylation of a pool of newly formed MGDG and a more random galactosylation of MGDG. There is no evidence of a high turnover of galactose in these lipids. PMID- 1110324 TI - Report of the Ad Hoc Committee to study HMOs. PMID- 1110326 TI - Editorial: The pluralistic approach. PMID- 1110325 TI - The malpractice and the insurance carrier. PMID- 1110327 TI - President's letter: The mettle of our leadership. PMID- 1110328 TI - Fiberoptic colonoscopy--early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. PMID- 1110329 TI - [Early ambulation and hospital discharge after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 1110331 TI - Conversation with the medical director of a Denver HMO. PMID- 1110330 TI - A proposed HMO law for Georgia. PMID- 1110332 TI - Metropolitan Atlanta Foundation's concept for prepaid health care plans. PMID- 1110333 TI - Failure of the omnicardiogram to predict coronary artery disease in patients with normal resting electrocardiograms. AB - Seventy-two male patients over the age of 35 had normal resting twelve lead eletrocardiograms (ECG's). All patients were studied by invasive techniques including complete right and left sided cardiac catheterization, selective coronary arteriography, and left ventricular angiography. All patients had been referred because of chest pain with a presumed diagnosis of coronary artery obstruction and myocardial ischemia. Omnicardiograms were generated from the twelve lead ECG's and diagnosed as "abnormal" or "normal" by observers having no knowledge of the cardiac catheterization findings. Of 72 patients studied, 21 were free of coronary artery disease. Of these, 14 (66%) had "abnormal" omnicardiographic reports. Seven (33%) had "normal" omnicardiograms, indicating an incidence of false positive "abnormal" omnicardiographic reports as 66%. Fifty one patients had hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. In this group, 19 (38%) were reported as "normal" by omnicardiogram, an incidence of false negative diagnosis of 38%. When the patients with coronary artery disease were classified as to single, double, or triple coronary obstruction, it was evident that the omnicardiogram had failed to separate patients with more extensive disease. Of the 32 patients with "abnormal" omnicardiograms, 56% had double or triple vessel disease, while of the 19 patients with "normal" omnicardiograph reports, 78% had double or triple vessel disease. Similarly, the omnicardiograms failed to identify the patients with abnormal left ventricular angiography. Of 19 patients with coronary artery disease and "normal" omnicardiograms, only 8 (42%) had normal ventricular angiography. However, of the 32 patients with coronary disease and "abnormal" omnicardiograms, only 11 (34%) had abnormal ventriculogram. The omnicardiogram cannot be considered a useful technique for predicting the presence or severity of coronary artery disease or for the identification of abnormal left ventricular function in patients with known coronary artery disease. PMID- 1110334 TI - The influence of norepinephrine, reserpine and propranolol on overdrive suppression. PMID- 1110335 TI - Origin of initial escape beat during graded vagal stimulation. AB - Graded vagal stimulation was applied to the distal vago-sympathetic trunk in anesthetized dogs. The effects of vagal stimulation were expressed as cardiac delay time, which is specifically measured as the R-R interval of the asystolic period or bradycardial beat, minus the control R-R interval. Graded vagal effects were best obtained by stimulation with varying pulse duration at fixed voltage and frequency. As pulse duration was increased, progressive bradycardia and brief cardiac arrest occurred. With further increase in pulse duration, cardiac delay time increased markedly and remained essentially unchanged over a wide range of still greater pulse durations. ECG's recorded stimultaneously showed initial sinus bradycardia, atrial pacemakers and A-V junctional beats during brief cardiac delays. The initial escape beat following prolonged cardiac delay was always A-V junctional or ventricular ectopic in origin. It is concluded that the initial escape beat following prolonged cardiac delay arises from latent ventricular pacemakers not subject to vagal influence. PMID- 1110336 TI - The quantitative effects of coronary-myocardial ischemia on the S-Q integrals of epicardial electrograms in the dog. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the relationship between quantitative changes in an epicardial electrocardiographic complex and times of total occlusion and reactive hyperemia in the coronary vessel that supplied the myocardium beneath the electrode. Fifty-six experiments were performed on 9 open chest dog preparations in which the left anterior descending coronary artery had been cannulated and connected by tubing to the left carotid artery. The shunt was totally occulded for 5, 10, 30, 60 and 90 sec intervals and the sugsequent reactive hyperemia was recorded with an extracorporeal electromagnetic flowmeter placed in the shunt. Potentials from an epicardial electrode placed over the probable area of perfusion of the artery were recorded and analyzed by a digital computer. The integral of each beat from the S to the Q point of the ECG complex was computed. The total electrophysiological change from baseline thus quantified was found to be linearly correlated with the volume of flow deprivation during occlusion (perfusion volume debt) and the volume of reactive hyperemic repayment. The study substantiates experimentally earlier exercise studies of patients with ischemic heart disease in which changes in the SQ integral were found to correlate linearly with exercise intensity. The results support the hypothesis that quantitative measures of the electrocardiographic complex may be used to document the severity of ischemia in mammalian ventricles. PMID- 1110337 TI - The influence of exercise on atrial flutter. AB - To study the effect of exercise on atrial flutter the electrocardiogram was recorded continuously before, during and after low level treadmill walking in twenty-two ambulatory patients. Atrial flutter rates increased during exercise testing in four patients. Improved A-V conduction with consequent higher ventricular rates occurred during exercise in thirteen subjects. One patient, with 4:1 conduction at rest, continued with 4:1 block throughout exercise testing, was believed to be over-digitalized. During the recovery period after exercise, ten patients transiently developed periods of Wenckebach A-V block. Walking exercise induced 1:1 conduction in six patients and was promoted by the following circumstances: 1) atrial rates of 250/min or less; 2) inadequate dosage of digitalis; and 3) the administration of quinidine. For the patient with chronic atrial flutter, treadmill testing provides a simple method for demonstrating the range of changes of A-V conduction and for deriving implications for appropriate drug therapy. PMID- 1110338 TI - Two-step electrocardiogram for chest pain reported on multiphasic screening. AB - Among 264 consecutive persons (142 men, 122 women) greater than or equal to 35 years of age presenting for multiphasic screening examination, 85 (54 men, 31 women) reported chest pain. In most, the pain was not typical of coronary artery disease. The two-step exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) was positive (greater than or equal to 0.5-mm ischemic ST depression) in 21% of the patients who reported pain and in 19.5% of 66 randomly selected, similarly examined controls without chest pain (36 men, 30 women) (difference not significant). Females with positive ECGs (5-mm or 1-mm depression) predominated over males greater than or equal to 5:1 in the chest pain group and greater than 3:1 in controls. This study indicates that the routine two-step exercise ECG is not helpful in detecting ischemic heart disease in persons reporting chest pain during their multiphasic screening examination. PMID- 1110339 TI - Wenckebach phenomenon within the atria. AB - A patient with a history of fainting and a bifacicular block (CRBBB plus LPH) was analyzed by His Bundle electrograms. During atrial pacing at a rate of 138/min, a Wenckebach type of block occurred within the atrium or at the electode-atrium junction, or both. The sinus intra-atrial conduction time (P-A inverval) was normal. During atrial pacing (pacing rate of 138 to 148/min), St-A interval progressively lengthened and ultimately a second degree Wenckebach type of block was obtained. The surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was normal and only electrical pacing brought on the intra-atrial conduction defect. Simultaneous with this atrial block, a second degree (Mobitz II) block developed. PMID- 1110340 TI - Evidence for specialized atrioventricular conduction in hyperkalemia. AB - A patient who had chronic coarse atrial fibrillation developed severe hyperkalemia accompanied by total loss of fibrillatory waves while an irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm persisted. Correction of hyperkalemia resulted in prompt return of coarse atrial fibrillation. This sequence of events renders strong support to direct atrioventricular conduction through the specialized internodal tracts. PMID- 1110341 TI - An analysis of the circadian rhythmicity of atrial and ventricular rates in complete heart block. AB - A 19 year old female human subject with complete heart block was put at complete bed rest for 63 hours during which a Lead II EKG was monitored at half hour intervals. Atrial and ventricular rates demonstrated cyclic activity with peaks during the day and troughs during the night. A correlation coefficient of plus 0.85 and a slope of plus 1.0 from a linear regression between atrial and ventricular rates demonstrated a close parallel. Calculation of the crosscovariances confirmed the observed cyclic activity with a period of 24 hours and phase angle of zero degrees between the two chambers. The data may be explained by one or all of the following mechanisms: (1) both chambers are subject to the same internal milieu, (2) autonomic nervous system discharge and associated reflexes may integrate relative changes in rate, (3) direct mechanical or electrotonic forces may result in alteration of rates in direct proportion to the magnitude of the dominant chamber, (4) program which operates independent of external factors. The question remains for direct experimental data to demonstrate whether the observed phenomenon is an intrinsic biologic rhythm within the heart or in its control system. PMID- 1110342 TI - Idioventricular tachycardia with angina pectoris. AB - Idioventricular tachycardia (IVT) occurred in a patient with angina pectoris on three separate occasions associated with stress induced angina. It occurred immediately after a Master's test, a treadmill exercise test, and following an episode of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia which was precipitated by endocardial pacing. His bundle electrograms demonstrated that the rhythm was ventricular in origin. Cardiac catheterization documented the presence of severe coronary artery disease. Idioventricular tachycardia is often seen with acute myocardial infarction. It is rarely seen with angina or with exercise testing. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of IVT which could be repeatedly produced by stress induced angina. PMID- 1110343 TI - Therapeutic usefulness of chest wall stimulation in patients with demand pacemakers. AB - Chest wall stimulation (CWS) has been used extensively to evaluate the performance of demand pacemakers. This brief report describes how this technique may also be used therapeutically in certain clinical circumstances. PMID- 1110344 TI - Cell surface structure of rodent sperm heads. AB - Replicas of critical point dried rodent sperm were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The surface of rat sperm heads appeared to be coated with regularly spaced 90A lamellar material. The plasma membrane overlying the acrosomal region of guinea pig spermatozoa displayed a regular scalloped array of lamellar structures. In replicas, the surface of Chinese hamster spermatozoa appeared coated by an array of small tubles and vesicles in the region overlaying the acrosome. It was possible to obtain replicas of the outer acrosomal membrane by removing the plasma membrane of mouse spermatozoa by brief treatment with Hank's balanced salt solution containing 0.2-0.5% MgC12. Replicas of the surface of the outer acrosomal membrane reveal evenly spaced, hexagonally-packed 90A particles similar to those which have been observed by other workers in replicas of freeze fractured outer acrosomal membranes. The finding of hexagonally arranged structures on the surface of the outer acrosomal membrane which appear very similar to those which have been observed in the plane of the membrane suggests that protein molecules in the plane of the membrane may protrude through or in some other manner distort the membrane surface. The post-acrosomal region of mouse sperm displays parallel lamellae with 100A spacing. If surface changes occur on sperm heads during maturation or capacitation, it should be possible to detect them with this technique. PMID- 1110345 TI - Exogenous and endogenous control of the annual reproductive cycle in the male golden hamster: participation of the pineal gland. AB - Testes and accessory sex organs (seminal vesicles and coagulating glands) of hamsters exposed to natural lighting (NL) conditions beginning September 22 underwent complete degeneration by October 31. The following February the testes began to regrow with the regeneration being complete by mid to late March. Associated with the atrophic response of the testes during the winter months was consistent depression in pituitary prolactin and an inconsistent decrease in pituitary luteinizing hormone levels. If hamsters are pineal lectomized prior to their exposure to NL, the sexual organs do not atrophy and the pituitary hormone levels do not drop. Moving hamsters from NL to the long daily photoperiods (light:dark cycles of 14 hrs light and 10 hrs darknessLD 14:10) of the laboratory near mid winter is followed by regrowth of the gonads and accessory glands. Regeneration of the reproductive system in the spring is not a function of increasing photoperiodic length since if animals are completely deprived of light (by blinding) in February, the gonads still regenerate. When hamsters are exposed to LD 14:10 cycles during the subsequent summer, the return to NL on September 22 is followed by a second involution of the reproductive system. However, if the period of LD 14:10 (the simulated summer) is shortened by ten weeks, the second return to NL does not initiate involution of the reproductive system. During the simulated summer complete light deprivation by blinding is incapable of forcing atrophy of the sexual organs. PMID- 1110346 TI - Avian scale development V. Ultrastructure of the chorionic epithelium induced by anterior shank dermis from the scaleless mutant. AB - In combination with dermis from the anterior shank skin of the scaleless mutant, the chorionic epithelium forms an epidermis whose ultrastructural features are indistinguishable from those seen along the inner surface of normal scales and along the anterior shank of the scaleless mutant. PMID- 1110347 TI - Xenoplastic combinations between chick chorionic epithelium and fetal monkey dermis. AB - Fetel monkey dermis from the sole of the foot or ear induces the chick chorionic epithelum (CE) to form an epidermis that histologically resembles chick rather than monkey. These results support the conclusion that in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between animals of different vertebrate classes the epithelium responds in a species-specific manner. Differences were noted, however, in the response of the avian CE to either the sole or ear dermis. PMID- 1110349 TI - The effects of epilation and hormones on the activity of rat hair follicles. AB - The growth of hair from epilated and non-epilated areas of rats receiving a variety of hormonal treatments was investigaged by pulse-labelling with 35-S cystine. While epilation at certain stages of the spontaneous cycle may rephase follicular activity, it did not affect the length, rate or duration of growth of the hairs which erupted subsequently, either in untreated or hormone-treated rats. Thyroxine shortened the active as well as the resting phase of the follicular cycle. It also increased the growth rate, so that hairs were ultimately the same length as those from untreated animals. Estradiol slightly shortened the duration of the active phase, even though the complete cycle was prolonged. It also decreased the hair growth. When administered simultaneously, estradiol and thyroxine exerted their effects independently. PMID- 1110348 TI - Sex reversal in Betta splendens Regan with emphasis on the problem of sex determination. AB - To gain insight into the sex-determining mechanism of the Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, sex-reversed individuals were bred and the ratios of the spawnings were examined. Sex-reversal of 245 females was undertaken by ovariectomizing them; of these, 104 became sex-reversed. Twenty-three of these latter fish were mated to normal females and eleven spawnings were raised to maturity. These spawnings resulted in all female broods or mixed broods. Were the male fish heterogametic, a view currently held by some authors, no males would be produced in these spawnings. Thus, male heterogamety was not substaintiated in this study. Contrary to other studies, the experimental sex reversal of females is not a rare event since nearly two-thirds of the fish that survived the surgery became sex-reversed. Gross dissection and histological observation of sex reversed fish revealed a regenerated, unpaired duct which remained after the ovaries had been removed. The tissue of the regenerate was testicular and contained active spermatogenesis. Some alterative methods of sex determination which may apply to the Betta are examined. These include the possibility of two different sex-determining races, the effects of exogenous factors, and a polygenic system of sex determination. PMID- 1110350 TI - The caecilian ear. AB - A study of the ear and its responses to acoustic stimuli was carried out in two caecilian species, Geotrypetes seraphini and Dermophis mexicanus. There is no external ear opening or tympanic membrane. The middle ear mechanism consists of a single element, the stapes, with its footplate in the oval window and a headpiece extending anterolaterally to the quadrate. The inner ear contains a single auditory endorgan, the amphibian papilla, somewhat similar to this organ in anurans. The mode of stimulation by sounds, however, involves a reentrant fluid circuit as in certain of the reptiles. In terms of the electrical potentials this ear is rather uniformly sensitive, though in low degree, to tones over the low frequency range. PMID- 1110351 TI - Dedifferentiation and mitotic activity in amputated newt tails locally deprived of the spinal cord (including a note on effects of amputation level on mitosis). AB - The spinal cord of freshly amputated newt tails was displaced cranially by pushing several paraplast chips into the spinal canal with a glass needle. That part of the canal formerly occupied by the spinal cord was then packed with paraplast. Tails treated in this manner failed to regenerate, forming no more than a millimeter of new tissue with little or no cartilage and muscle. Dedifferentiation and early mitotic activity, however, was normal, indicating that the spinal cord exerts its effect on tail regeneration in the later stages. Amputation through the proximal region of a vertebra led to a significantly lower mitotic rate at four days than did amputation through the distal region, a situation contrary to the principle that during regeneration, elongation rate is gennerally faster from proximal than distal levels. PMID- 1110352 TI - Letter: On the interaction of tetrodoxin with cholesterol monolayers. PMID- 1110353 TI - Neural correlates of associative training in Hermissenda. AB - Hair cells in Hermissenda respond to illumination of the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes. These responses are modified by associative training of the animal. The observed electrophysiological changes appear to result from changes in the photoreceptors' synaptic input to the hair cells. PMID- 1110354 TI - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rat brain acetylcholinesterase: isoenzyme changes following parathion poisoning. PMID- 1110355 TI - Rate of sterol formation by rat brain glia and neurons in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 1110356 TI - Evidence for reversible inhibition of brain dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in vivo by amphetamine analogues. PMID- 1110357 TI - The penetration of the membrane of brain mitochondria by anions. PMID- 1110358 TI - Changes in glycogen phosphorylase activity and glycogen levels of mouse cerebral cortex during convulsions induced by homocysteine. PMID- 1110359 TI - Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine and hydrogen peroxide into the substantia nigra and lateral ventricle of the cat: specific and nonspecific effects on striatal biogenic amines. PMID- 1110360 TI - Asialo GM-ganglioside in brain fetal Tay-Sachs disease. PMID- 1110361 TI - Normal levels of acetyl coenzyme A and of acetylcholine in the brains of thiamin deficient rats. PMID- 1110362 TI - Monoamine oxidase activities towards biogenic monoamines in several regions of rat brain. PMID- 1110363 TI - Mass fragmentographic determination of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid in human urine, cerebrospinal fluid, brain and serum using a deuterium-labelled internal standard. PMID- 1110364 TI - Indolamine N-methyltransferase activity in human tissues. PMID- 1110365 TI - Choline acetyltransferase levels in diencephalic nuclei of the rat. PMID- 1110366 TI - Regional and subcellular distribution and kinetic properties of rat brain choline acetyltransferase--some functional considerations. PMID- 1110367 TI - Interrelations between polyamines and nucleic acids: changes of polyamine and nucleic acid concentrations in the developing rat brain. PMID- 1110368 TI - Effect of methionine and methionine sulphoximine on rat brain S-adenosyl methionine levels. PMID- 1110369 TI - Fine structure of prenatal and early postnatal dystrophic mouse muscle. PMID- 1110370 TI - Recovery curves in acquired dyslexia. PMID- 1110371 TI - The influence of aldosterone and anticonvulsant drugs on electroencephalographic and clinical disturbances induced by the spirolactone derivative, potassium canrenoate. PMID- 1110372 TI - Identification of regenerated dystrophic minced muscle transplanted in normal mice. PMID- 1110373 TI - A note on severe hind-limb involvement in mice with inherited motor neurone disease. PMID- 1110375 TI - A myogenic malfunction in adult dystrophic mice studied in vitro. PMID- 1110374 TI - Neurophysiological signs of myasthenia in rabbits after receptor antibody development. PMID- 1110376 TI - Electrophysiological estimation of motor units in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and chronic spinal muscular atrophy. PMID- 1110377 TI - Techniques for termination of reverberating spreading depression in rats. AB - Reverberation of cortical spreading depression (CSD) around a circular obstacle (thermocoagulation lesion) in the frontal cortex of anesthetized rats was elicited by appropriately timed and spaced applications of KCl. The probability of continued reverberation was increased by a pyrrolopyrimidine drug BW 58-271 (10 mg/kg) from 0.93 to 0.98. Three methods of reverberation arrest were tested: a) CSD propagation was blocked by an interfering CSD wave which was initiated in the rear of the reverberating wave, passing through a narrow segment of the circular pathway, and collided with the reverberating wave on the opposite side of the obstacle; b) CSD propagation through a part of the circular pathway was blocked by a 10-min application of 10% MgCl2 on the exposed cortical surface; c) 1-min asphyxia stopped RCSD by increasing the overall refractoriness of cortical tissue. Least reliable was the interference method which stopped reverberation, even with optimum timing, only in 42% of the trials. The magnesium blockade was reliable but slow, the reverberation stopping only 30 min after MgCl2 application. Asphyxia evoked in any phase of the reverberation cycle stopped RCSD reliably and immediately. The results obtained with the interference method confirm the predictions of the mathematical model of impulse reverberation in sheets of excitable tissue. Anoxia seems best suited for practical control of CSD reverberation in functional decortication studies. PMID- 1110378 TI - Progression of partial experimental injury to peripheral nerve. Part 1: Periodic measurements of muscle contraction strength. AB - Isometric measurements of muscle contraction in response to single as well as tetanic volleys of supramaximal stimuli were recorded from the limbs of 32 monkeys with noninjured or partially lacerated tibial nerves. Nerve action potentials (NAP) and muscle action potentials (MAP) were also determined at intervals varying from 1 hour to 52 weeks after injury. Limbs with mobilized noninjured nerve sustained small but definite decreases in muscle contraction strength particularly if the interval between operations was brief. Partially lacerated nerves had immediate averaged decreases in single twitch and supramaximal contraction strengths of 32.8% and 30.4% despite maintenance of NAP velocity. One week following injury, muscle contraction had decreased by another 21.6% and 19.7% respectively while NAP velocity was decreased by 18.5%. Measurements were also reduced at 2, 4, and 8 weeks and to a lesser degree at 12 weeks; at 24 and 36 weeks, muscle contraction was less than pre-injury data but not when compared to recordings 15 minutes after injury. Values recorded at 52 weeks reflected partial reinnervation of Achilles musculature. Studies over a 24 hour period following partial laceration demonstrated significant further decreases in muscle power by 8 hours. The authors conclude that nerve activity following partial laceration fluctuates as function diminishes during the early hours to weeks following injury. PMID- 1110379 TI - Chronic subdural hematoma simulating transient cerebral ischemic attacks. Case report. AB - A patient is presented in whom chronic subdural hematoma simulated transient ischemic attacks. The neurological manifestations were those of recurrent, transient episodes of expressive dysphasia preceded by focal sensory deficit. Various pathophysiological mechanisms which could have caused the unusual clinical picture are briefly considered. PMID- 1110380 TI - Experience with a shunt system using the third ventricle. Technical note. AB - The authors present a technique involving placement of a catheter in the third ventricle in shunt systems for hydrocephalus, in order to avoid obstruction of the proximal catheter by particles of chorioid plexus. They emphasize the simplicity of the technique, lack of morbidity, and the good results they have obtained in 30 cases with a follow-up from six to 40 months. PMID- 1110381 TI - Modification of the Cushing speculum used for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Technical note. AB - A modification of the original Cushing speculum used in the sublabial-transseptal transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary is described. Although the modified speculum has smaller dimensions, it allows better visualization of the surgical field, while a new expanding device permits easier opening of the speculum. PMID- 1110382 TI - Letter: Microcirculation of peripheral nerves. PMID- 1110383 TI - Letter: Subtemporal craniectomy for recurrent shunt obstruction. PMID- 1110384 TI - Letter: Arteritis due to EACA therapy. PMID- 1110385 TI - Letter: Carotid ligation for aneurysms. PMID- 1110386 TI - Letter: Carotid-cavernous fistula. PMID- 1110387 TI - Progression of partial experimental injury to peripheral nerve. Part 2: Light and electron microscopic studies. AB - Biopsies from partially lacerated nerves were taken at the sites of proximal stimulus, laceration, and distal recording, and from stimuli and recording sites of control nerves. Electron microscopic examination of the partially lacerated major fasciculus revealed three zones of injury. The laceration zone showed neurotemetic changes, the adjacent or intermediate zone, partial degeneration, and the zone most peripheral to the laceration, changes in ground substance. Progression of the original injury is apparently due to ongoing changes in the intermediate and peripheral zones while much of the relative early recovery is due to reversal of changes in these zones. Regeneration through the laceration of neurotemetic zone is limited but does account for a small amount of late recovery of function. PMID- 1110388 TI - Congenital scalp defects: aplasia cutis congenita. AB - The authors discuss the rare lesion of congenital scalp defect, both partial and full thickness. The majority occur in children who are otherwise normal, but a few are seen in children who have many concomitant anomalies. A high percentage of the multiple anomaly cases were found to have trisomy 13-15. Etiology of these lesions is not clear, but there seems to be an inherited component. Treatment of otherwise normal children is conservative for the smaller lesions, with excision and primary closure when possible for the larger ones. PMID- 1110389 TI - Acute subdural hematomas. Review of 144 cases. AB - The authors report 144 cases in which acute subdural hematomas resulting from closed head injury were surgically treated. The mortality rate was 48% for those treated within 24 hours of injury and 45% for those treated within 72 hours. Patients under 10 years of age had a 33% mortality, while 69% of those over 60 years died. In the first 6 years of the series, 75% of the patients were treated by multiple burr holes and a subtemporal craniectomy, with a mortality of 41% in the last 6 years, 92% of the patients had large craniotomies with a 45% mortality. Of the 32 survivors among the last 60 patients treated, nine require full nursing home care, eight have returned to their own homes, 12 are able to care for themselves but not work, and three have returned to work. PMID- 1110390 TI - Neurological and pathological effects of second lumbar spondylectomy and spinal column shortening in the dog. AB - The second lumbar vertebra was surgically removed from 10 dogs, and the shortened vertebral column was stabilized by internal fixation with two types of plastic plates. Shortening of the spinal column was usually not associated with detectable loss of function or neurological deficit. Histological lesions, however, included widely disseminated axonal degeneration, gliosis, and atrophy of spinal nerve roots in the surgical area. The spinal cord adapted to shortening of the vertebral column by becoming intrinsically shorter, rather than be being displaced within the spinal canal. PMID- 1110391 TI - Exposure of two interspaces for lumbar disc surgery. AB - In a study of matched pairs of patients with a single ruptured disc, exploration of an additional lumbar interspace did not increase the morbidity of surgery. The author believes that the desire to avoid additional surgery does not, by itself, justify routine myelography. PMID- 1110392 TI - Loss and recovery of vision with suprasellar meningiomas. AB - Central visual acuity losses were documented in a group of 23 patients with surgically and histologically verified suprasellar meningiomas. The pattern demonstrated was that of acute, gradual or fluctuating loss in one eye, followed by later loss of central acuity in the other eye. Both optic nerves and chiasm were invariably involved either by stretching or compression. Neither preoperative field abnormalities nor central acuity deficits could be correlated with the anatomical location of the tumor, nor could postoperative changes in vision be correlated with tumor size. Lengthy duration of acuity loss and severe visual deficit did not preclude postoperative recovery of vision. Improvement in sight most frequently occurred within the first several weeks after operation, and further return of vision was not noted after 1 year. PMID- 1110393 TI - Electrothrombosis of carotid-cavernous fistula. AB - The author describes a technique for directly closing a carotid cavernous fistula with electrothrombosis while preserving the intracranial arterial circulation. Copper wires are introduced through the superior ophthalmic vein or a frontotemporal craniotomy, and thus directly into the portion of the sinus into which the fistula drains; if posterior, into the posterior segment of Parkinson's triangle, if inferior, into the pterygoid plexus, and if anterior, through the sphenoparietal sinus and/or middle cerebral vein to the anterior-inferior portion of the sinus. A direct current is applied until a thrombus is confirmed angiographically and the wires are left in place. Four patients treated by this method are presented. PMID- 1110394 TI - Late results of radical excision of craniopharyngiomas in children. AB - The results of radical surgical excision of craniopharyngiomas in children operated on by Dr. Donald Matson beginning in 1950 are presented. The patients are analyzed in regard to survival and quality of survival. While 22 of 34 children so treated at the initial operation are presently alive and tumor-free, high mortality and morbidity followed in cases where reoperation was performed. Properly treated endocrinological deficits need not be a serious problem, but persistent hyperosmolality carried a grave prognosis. No predictive criteria are yet available to determine which tumors are amenable to radical surgical excision. PMID- 1110395 TI - Transfemoral embolization of an external carotid-cavernous fistula. Case report. AB - The authors report a case of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula in which transfemoral arterial embolization under fluoroscopic control resulted in immediate occlusion of the fistula and dramatic resolution of the patient's signs and symptoms. PMID- 1110396 TI - Letter: Radionuclide synovectomy with 32P-chromic phosphate. PMID- 1110397 TI - Letter: Radiation dose to the brain from 169Yb-DTPA in cisternography. PMID- 1110398 TI - Letter: Effects of scatter subtraction on image contrast. PMID- 1110399 TI - Interpretation of radionuclide liver images: do training and experience make a difference? AB - Individual observers interpreted images in order to assess their accuracy and sources of error. Seventy-six liver images were presented to nine readers for interpretation. Readers of differing experience participated in the study: four radiology residents, three fellows in nuclear medicine, and two full-time nuclear medicine physicians. A higher incidence of false-positive reading was more common in inexperienced observers (11-50%) and the most correct readings were obtained by staff physicians (88% overall percentage accuracy). Heterogeneity in radionuclide uptake was the most frequently ill-defined nature was the most common false-positive finding in normal cases. Early stages of cirrhosis, mild hepatitis, and rare diseases such as hepatic sarcoidosis were difficult to detect. Skill of interpretation improved with experience, especially in judging heterogeneity of an ill-defined nature, and the rate of accurate readings was proportional to the level of training of the observer. PMID- 1110400 TI - Radioiodinated fatty acids for heart imaging: iodine monochloride addition compared with iodide replacement labeling. AB - Radioiodinated fatty acids have been proposed as agents for use in heart imaging. Previous studies in experimental animals and humans using 131I-oleic acid of low specific activity were marginally successful. Higher specific activity compounds offer potential improvement for use as imaging agents for normal myocardium. Methods for preparation of high specific activity, radioiodinated fatty acids by iodine monochloride addition to oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, and iodide replacement of terminal bromine in 6-bromohexanoic, 11-bromoundecanoic, and 16 bromo-9-hexadecenoic acids are presented and compared. Although both labeling procedures are suitable for use with 123I, the latter synthetic route gives labeled fatty-acid analog molecules and 16-iodo-9-hexadecenoic acid appears to show improved myocardial specificity in preliminary animal studies. PMID- 1110401 TI - 67Gallium in 68 consecutive infection searches. AB - When employed in the study of peripheral infections, 67Ga scanning is sensitive and accurate. When used as a diagnostic tool for suspected abdominal abscesses, it locates and delineates abscesses in somewhat over half the cases. Moreover, the true-negative rate is high and the false-positive rate is acceptably low. Gallium scans should be interpreted with all available clinical information. The coexistence of noeplasm is a problem which at present is not completely resolved. PMID- 1110402 TI - Clinical experience with 99mTc-DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid), a new renal imaging agent. AB - Results are reported from the clinical evaluation of a new radiopharmaceutical for renal imaging, 99mTc-DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid). Sixty-five patients were studied and six of these patients' scintiphotos are illustrated. The physical characteristics of 99mTc and the mercurial-like kinetics of the chelate produced high-resolution scintiphotos of the renal parenchyma in patients of all ages and with a variety of disease entities. The commercial availability of the material in kit form permits its usage in all nuclear medicine facilities. PMID- 1110403 TI - Red cell and plasma volumes in normal adults. AB - Despite numerous published methods for predicting normal red cell and plasma volumes, little is known of the range of normal in subjects of given body dimensions. In this study, reported results of red cell and plasma volumes in 481 normal men and 303 normal women have been used to calculate mean volumes and standard deviations (s.d.) for any given body surface area (male and female results being kept separate). All of these mean volumes, each plus or minus 2 s.d., have been plotted against body surface area. The resulting graphs of means and 95% confidence limits have tended to be curvilinear. Standard deviations have increased with increasing mean volumes, but coefficients of variation (s.d./mean) have shown considerable constancy at 11-12%. The mean values observed in this series have often differed substantially from those predicted from published formulas. Use of the presently observed means with the 11-12% coefficients of variation allows compilation for any surface area of a range of normal against which a clinically obtained volume can be compared. PMID- 1110404 TI - Labeling of phagocytes from human blood with 99mTc-sulfur colloid. AB - Experments in this report have shown that peripheral blood leukocytes can be readily labeled with 99mTc-sulfur colloid during in vitro incubation. Phagocytic cells were preferentially labeled by this method. Labeling was enhanced in the presence of normal serum. The data suggest that labeling was accomplished by phagocytosis of the radiocolloid. Labeled granulocytes responded normally to chemotactic stimuli and excluded trypan blue dye normally. Buffy coat cells from 50 ml of peripheral blood could be labeled with 8 mCi of 99mTc after incubation with 20 mCi of TcSC. This report offers a method by which phagocytic cells can be selectively labeled with 99mTc in amounts suitable for scintillation scanning. PMID- 1110405 TI - Semiconductor camera for detection of small tumors. AB - Early detection of small tumors (approximately 3 mm) with only a moderate uptake ratio is often difficult because of poor statistics and a small signal-to background ratio. The detection capability of a germanium semiconductor camera is analyzed to show that a very large number of counts is required even when the spatial resolution is matched to the size of the tumor. A potential enhancement of statistics using the tissue-scattered gamma rays is discussed based on the superior energy resolution of the semiconductor. PMID- 1110406 TI - An evaluation of 99mTc-sulfur colloid liver scintiscans and their usefulness in metastatic workup: a review of 1,424 studies. AB - To determine the clinical usefulness of liver scintiscanning in detecting metastatic disease of the liver, 1,424 liver studies performed on 1,115 patients were reviewed along with their charts. Five hundred eighty-one patients had histopathological evaluation by needle biopsy of the liver, laparotomy, and/or autopsy within a mean period of 40 days of liver scan. The histopatholigical findings were correlated with the liver sicntiscan findings and the latter gave an overall accuracy of 77.3%. PMID- 1110407 TI - Purification and radiochemical quality control of 131I-19-iodocholesterol. AB - Radiochemical quality control and purification techniques were developed for 131I 19-cholesterol. The amount of ionic 131I-iodide is rapidly determined using instant thin-layer chromatography. Samples of the labeled steroid that contain greater than 8% of ionic 131I-iodide are purified with one of two techniques, both using a weakly basic ion-exchange resin. The first technique, a batch ion exchange process, is suitable for removing relatively low concentrations of ionic 131I-iodide; if higher concentrations of this radiochemical contaminant are present, the second or column technique is more suitable. PMID- 1110408 TI - Radioscintigraphic studies of 11C distribution in cats given 1-11C-ethanol. AB - In vivo studies of 11C isotope distribution in cats given 1-11C-ethanol show accumulation of radioactivity in liver. Redistribution of radiolabel occurs after ethanol loading. Results indicate that some aspects of the matabolism of ethanol in specific tissues can be assessed by gamma-ray scintigraphy. PMID- 1110409 TI - Uptake of radiolabeled estradiol by the canine adrenal. AB - Tritiated estradiol injected intravenously into 11 mongrel dogs sacrificed at 3, 7, 10, 17, and 60 min showed maximum uptake in the adrenal gland at 3-7 min. The concentrations of radioactivity in the adrenal in percent dose per gram equaled that from 131I-19-iodocholesterol. If a 131I-estradiol could be synthesized that would concentrate similarly in the adrenal, it would offer the advantage of almost instantaneous imaging after the tracer injection and a lower radiation dose. PMID- 1110410 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of lung perfusion image with positron detection. AB - Transverse section images of the distribution of pulmonary perfusion in a canine have been obtained using microspheres labeled with the positron-emitting isotope 68Ga and a three-dimensional reconstruction technique. The reconstruction method is more accurate than conventional tomographic procedures and is facilitated by the use of positron detection. The transverse sections presented demonstrate the capacity of the technique to delineate reduction in regional perfusion resulting from occlusion of the artery to the left lower lobe. PMID- 1110411 TI - Prostaglandins in mice with neuroblastoma. AB - Male albino mice, with and without transplanted neuroblastoma C1300, had tissues analyzed for prostaglandins by radioimmunoassay. Highest prostaglandin concentrations occurred in tumor tissue, lungs, spleen, and kidneys. Tritiated prostaglandins A1 or E1 and tritiated arachidonic acid were injected intravenously. The concentration (organ/tumor) was higher at 1 hr than at 6 or 24 hr. Prostaglandin E1 and arachidonic acid localized principally in the kidney (likely the excretory organ) whereas prostaglandin A1 showed highest concentration in the liver. PMID- 1110412 TI - Displacement of anterior cerebral vessels in cerebral dynamic study in cases of chronic subdural hematomas. AB - About 75-80% chronic subdural hematomas give positive results in a brain scan. The typical scintigraphic finding of chronic subdural hematoma is a diffuse widening and increase of the peripheral activity on the anterior view. In the flow studies subdural hematomas lead occasionally to peripheral activity defects. In two cases of chronic subdural hematoma without typical patterns in a perfusion study as well as in static images, we found a displacement of the anterior cerebral vessels as an indircet sign of space occupation. PMID- 1110413 TI - Sinusitis demonstrated by brain scanning. AB - Increased concentration of technietum was noted in the region of the frontal, ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses of two patients. Radiographs of the sinuses revealed extensive sinusitis involving the sinuses in the area of increased uptake. The increased uptake was attributed to the sinusitis. PMID- 1110414 TI - Increased uptake of 99mTc-sulfur colloid in vertebral compression fractures. AB - Increased uptake of 99mTc-sulfur colloid in vertebral bodies of two patients with vertebral compression fractures was noted on a liver-spleen scan. This finding has not previously been reported in the literature. The mechanism of localization of 99mTc-sulfur colloid in bone marrow depends on regional blood flow and increased reticuloendothelial and phagocytic cell activity. Both mechanisms are felt to be involved in these cases. In fractures, hyperemia and phagocytic activity are transient phenomena and therefore the above observations may be useful in determining fracture age. PMID- 1110416 TI - Letter: An artifact that simulates an infarction on a posterior view spleen scan. PMID- 1110415 TI - High temporal resolution ECG-gated scintigraphic angiocardiography. AB - The cardiac blood pool is visualized with high temporal resolution during a complete, average, cardiac cycle. The technique yields both qualitative and quantitative measures of cardiac performance. PMID- 1110417 TI - A bone calcium index based on partial-body calcium measurements by in vivo activation analysis. AB - Measurements of partial-body calcium by in vivo neutron activation analysis have been carried out on normal and osteoporotic subjects. Based on measurements on 16 normal subjects (volunteers less than 55 years of age), a calcium index has been established that takes into account variation in skeletal frame size. On the basis of this index, all osteoporotic patients have bone mineral content less than any of the normal subjects. The normal calcium indices range from 0.9 to 1.2, and the osteoporotic indices ranged from 0.41 to 0.83. Thirteen of 22 volunteers over 55 years of age had calcium indices less than 0.9 in agreement with the expected loss of calcium with age. Measurements of total-body potassium were also made on these same subjects and the calcium/potassium ratios calculated. Although as groups the older volunteers and older osteoporotic subjects had mean calcium/potassium ratios similar to the mean for the normal subjects, the osteoporotic subjects under 55 years of age had a mean calcium/potassium ratio significantly lower, indicationg that for this latter group the loss in bone mineral was not associated with a corresponding loss in muscle mass. PMID- 1110418 TI - Pharmacokinetics of radioiodinated streptokinase. AB - The pharmacokinetics of radioiodinated streptokinase have been investigated in mice and dogs in order to explore further its potential usefulness as a radiopharmaceutical to detect thrombi and neoplasms. The purified streptokinase used in these studies showed no alteration in its physical or enzymatic properties following radioiodination. In the mouse, radioiodinated streptokinase accumulated rapidly in the liver and at 4 hr, large amounts of free iodine were detected in the plasma. The plasma clearance curve in dogs was biexponential showing that 70% of the protein-bound radioactivity was cleared with a half-life of 1525 min while the remaining 30% was cleared with a half-life of 6080 min. Seventy percent of the plasma radioactivity appeared as free iodine after 4 hr. No change in clearance was obtained by preloading animals with unlabeled streptokinase. Based primarily on the rapid plasma clearance, deiodination, and possible limitations of effectiveness of preloading with unlabeled streptokinase, the results of these studies are in accord with the conclusion that radioiodinated streptokinase may have restricted usefulness as a radiopharmaceutical for detecting thrombi and neoplasms. The full extent of its potential usefulness, however, awaits the provision of further in vivo and in vitro studies directed at testing a covalently modified enzyme that retains streptokinase activity but whose immunologic properties have been altered so that the enzyme is not as rapidly cleared from the plasma. PMID- 1110419 TI - Production and characteristics of 125Xe: a new noble gas for in vivo studies. AB - Radionuclides of the noble gases are extensively used to assess ventilation and blood flow in clinical and investigative studies. Xenon-133 is most commonly used but is not optimal for these in vivo studies. Xenon-125 has better physical characteristics and can be produced with a cyclotron by a 127I(p,3n)125Xe reaction; this reaction results in a maximum of 25 mCi/gm/cm2/muA-hr for 31-MeV protons. Under actual production conditions, 11 mCi/muA-hr were collected. Xenon 125 decays by electron capture with a 17.2-hr half-life and contributes less radiation per dose of radioactivity than 133Xe. The radiation dose to the lungs from 133Xe and 125Xe is 5.0 and 1.8 mrads/mCi-min, respectively. The radiation dose per usable photon for 125Xe is only 0.3 of 133Xe. The principal photons of 125Xe, 188 keV (55%) and 243 keV (29%), are more intense and are in an energy range that is more advantageous for imaging than the 81 keV (35%) of 133Xe. These physical properties of 125Xe result in better spatial resolution at the same information density and with less radioactivity administered to the patient. Phantom studies showed that 12.7-, 9.5-, and 6.4-mm lead bars were resolved with 125Xe using a 410- keV diverging collimator wheras only the 12.7- and 9.k-mm lead bars were resolved using 133Xe and either a 410-keV or 140keV diverging collimator. PMID- 1110420 TI - Gallium gallbladder scanning in cholecystitis. AB - Gallium has been shown to accumulate in metabolically active tissue including sites of infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gallium scanning in cholecystitis. Ten patients with cholecystitis were studied using conventional gallium scanning techniques. Five patients with acute cholecystitis showed intense gallium accumulation in the gallbladder area. One of five patients with chronic cholecystitis showed significant accumulation in the gallbladder. The limitations of this method are mainly the need for serial scanning to rule out gallium accumulation in the hepatic flexure of the colon and also the failure to detect consistently a chronically diseased fibrotic gallbladder. We conclude that gallium scanning of the gallbladder is an important adjunctive study in the evaluation of cholecystitis. PMID- 1110421 TI - Thallium-201 for medical use. I. AB - Thallium-201 merits evaluation for myocardial visualization, kidney studies, and tumor diagnosis because of its physical and biologic properties. A method is described for preparation of this radiopharmaceutical for human use. A critical evaluation of 201Tl and other radiopharmaceuticals for myocardial visualization is given. PMID- 1110422 TI - Thallium-201 for medical use. II: Biologic behavior. AB - Thallium-201 has been evaluated for myocardial imaging by determining its distribution and assessing its imaging properties. Organ distribution with time was studied in goats, chosen for their large size and easy operability. Myocardial imaging was performed in living and sacrificed goats and also in two anesthetized dogs, without infarction. Infarcts were made by ligature at open chest surgery on the goats and the infarcts subsequently confirmed histologically. The myocardium of normal and infarced, young and old goats was cut into blocks and the isotope distribution measured and compared with that in the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidney in normal goats. The renal medulla-to-cortex concentration ratio in goats was studied and is approximately five. The heart uptake exceeds 3% for 100 min whereas contiguous organs have less than one-half of the myocardial concentration, and blood clearance is rapid. One problem may prove to be inhomogeneity of uptake of thallium in the "normal" myocardium, showing a standard deviation of 1u% in a young goat and 29% in an old goat. In view of the good myocardial uptake, however, this work strongly suggests the trial 201Tl in patients. PMID- 1110423 TI - Chemical and biologic properties of 111In-phosphate for cisternography and glomerular filtration studies. AB - Inorganic 111In-phosphate has been evaluated for cisternography in dogs, rats, and one human volunteer for chemical and biologic stability and renal clearance. It appears to be stable and to be completely cleared by glomerular filtration, suggesting its suitability for cisternography. PMID- 1110424 TI - Diminished uptake of 67Ga-citrate in a case of pseudarthrosis. AB - A 22-year-old man with pseudarthrosis and infection of the right hip was referred for a 67Ga-citrate scan. A striking decrease was seen in normal bone and soft tissue uptake in the entire right leg compared with the normal limb. Aortic injection of 99mTc-labeled microspheres showed increased trapping in the region of the hip but contrast angiography was unremarkable. Despite clinical imporvement, 67Ga uptake by the right leg on a repeat scan did not return to normal. This case represents the first report of a "photon-deficient" body part on 67Ga scanning. PMID- 1110425 TI - Letter: Lead-203 for skeletal imaging. PMID- 1110426 TI - Relation between Munsell and Swedish natural color system scales. PMID- 1110427 TI - Letter: Contrast sensitivity and viewing distance. PMID- 1110428 TI - Letter: Representation of the spatial-frequency analysis performed by the visual system. PMID- 1110429 TI - The glucagon infusion test and growth hormone secretion. PMID- 1110430 TI - The use of physostigmine as an antidote in accidental diazepam intoxication. PMID- 1110431 TI - Femoral hypoplasia--unusual facies syndrome. PMID- 1110432 TI - The "pop-top" tab. A cause of esophageal stenosis. PMID- 1110433 TI - Growth rebound after termination of stimulant drugs. AB - To explore further the report of an accelerated weight gain following termination of treatment with a stimulant drug, 66 biannual growth measurements were obtained from 1970 to 1973 on hyperactive schoolchildren who were receiving medication. All received either dextroamphetamine or methylphenidate during the school year; some also received it during the summer. The data revealed that those whose stimulant medication was terminated at the start of summer subsequently grew in weight and height at a significantly greater rate than those who continued to receive medication from June to September. In fact, discontinuance of the medication resulted in a growth rebound for this period which was 15-68% above the age-expected increment. PMID- 1110434 TI - Granulocytopenia and hemolytic anemia as complications of propylthiouracil therapy. PMID- 1110435 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus complicating respiratory distress syndrome. AB - PDA was diagnosed in 76 (19%) of 396 patients with RDS. Evidence of excessive pulmonary blood flow and CHF developed in 15 (20%). CHF was not recognized prior to 10 days of age in any patient. All 15 with CHF were initially managed medically. Seven improved; three died of other causes. Five patients who failed medical management were surgically treated; all survived operation, but only two were improved. PMID- 1110436 TI - Commentary: patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants--a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. PMID- 1110437 TI - Follow-up studies of rubella vaccinees at adolescence. PMID- 1110438 TI - Mother-to-child speech at 2 years--effects of early postnatal contact. AB - Ten primiparous mothers were randomly selected from two groups of women who had spent different amounts of time with their newborn infants. The speech behavior of the mothers in the two groups was compared while they were addressing their 2 year-old children in an informal play situation. Speech patterns of the mothers revealed that those who had been given extra contact with their infants during the neonatal period used significantly more questions, adjectives, words per proposition, and fewer comands and content words than did the control mothers. These observations suggest that the linguistic behavior of the young child may be shaped by hospital-care practices for mother and her infant. PMID- 1110439 TI - Letter: Infection of umbilical artery stimulating patent urachus. PMID- 1110440 TI - Letter: Benign neonatal arrhythmias and Coxsackie B virus infection. PMID- 1110441 TI - Letter: Regional planning for pediatric services. PMID- 1110442 TI - Letter: Growth hormone deficiency and dwarfism in mentally retarded children. PMID- 1110443 TI - Letter: On the significance of statistical significance. PMID- 1110444 TI - Letter: Treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 1110445 TI - Letter: Amplification of primary amebic meningoencephalitis. PMID- 1110446 TI - Editor's column: Cell surfaces, genetics, and congenital malformations. PMID- 1110447 TI - Editor's column: On the risk of fresh gene mutation in "older men". PMID- 1110448 TI - Short-term amphotericin B treatment of severe childhood histoplasmosis. PMID- 1110449 TI - Acute hemiphegia of childhood associated with Coxsackie A9 viral infection. AB - A 16-mo-old girl is described with acute hemiplegia associated with virologic and serologic evidence of Coxsackie A9 infection. Possibilities of pathogenesis are discussed. It is suggested that the present hemiplegia may have been the result of a focal vasculitis due to Coxsachie A9 viral infection in the region of the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 1110450 TI - Myocardial infarction complicating bacterial endocarditis in rheumatic heart disease. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of rheumatic heart disease with massive myocardial infarction from coronary embolism complicating bacterial endocarditis is reported. The rarity of this complication in the pediatric age group as compared to the adult age group remains unexplained. Early recognition depends on serial electrocardiographic and enzymatic determinations. PMID- 1110451 TI - The syndrome of multiple aucosal neuromas and medullary thyroid carcinoma in childhood. Importance of recognition of the phenotype for the early detection of malignancy. AB - Recognition of the syndrome of OF MMN can identify individuals at risk for the early appearance of MTC. Three such patients are described. Each had the characteristic neuromas and facies, present since infancy. In each, MTC was found in childhood. In the last two patients, the diagnosis was made because of elevated serum CT concentrations. Venous drainage from the tumor, as well as tumor tissue itself, contained high levels of CT. Prompt recognition of persons with MMN is essential for proper investigation and treatment of the associated MTC. PMID- 1110452 TI - Older paternal age and fresh gene mutation: data on additional disorders. AB - Older paternal age has previously been documented as a factor in sporadic fresh mutational cases of several autosomal dominant disorders. In this collaborative study, an older mean paternal age has been documented in sporadic cases of at least five additional dominantly inheritable disorders; the basal cell nevus syndrome, the Waardenburg syndrome, the Crouzon syndrome, the oculo-dental digital sysdrome, and the Treacher-Collins syndrome. It was also found to be a factor in acrodysostosis and progeria, suggesting a fresh mutant gene etiology for these two conditions in which virtually all cases have been sporadic and the mode of genetic etiology has been unknown. PMID- 1110454 TI - A functional hospital discharge summary. PMID- 1110453 TI - Pulmonary involvement in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 1110455 TI - An on line computer system for measuring sectional geometry. PMID- 1110456 TI - A helium-neon laser infrared analyser for alcohol vapour in the breath. PMID- 1110457 TI - Venous thrombo-embolic disease. PMID- 1110458 TI - Anal carcinoma. An assessment of current treatment policies. PMID- 1110459 TI - Observations on acute pancreatitis. A post-mortem review. PMID- 1110460 TI - Spontaneous duodenocolic fistula. PMID- 1110461 TI - Hazards of gastric surgery in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 1110462 TI - The effect of HCG on testicular androgen production in adult men with chronic renal failure. AB - In sixteen male patients undergoing regular haemodialysis of peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure, the testosterone levels were studied before and after treatment with HCG. Testosterone values before (186 ng/100 ml) and after (456 ng/100 ml) HCG were significantly lower than those for normal healthy males. The mean plasma dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT) value of 11.5 ng/100 ml for the treated patients was significantly lower than that of 64 ng/100 ml for the control patients. With HCG, increments in DHT were recorded in three patients, and definite increments in testosterone were observed in six patients. The percentage binding and combining affinity showed little change due to HCG stimulation. Achieving ejaculation was a serious problem for the patients in whom the lowest increases in testosterone and 5 alpha-DHT levels were observed after HCG stimulation. Low plasma testosterone values were also associated with a low mean area for Type-2 muscle fibres. PMID- 1110463 TI - Variations in serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels in male rats from birth to sexual maturity. AB - Serum LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassays in male Sprague-Dawley rats from birth to 80 days of age. The levels of FSH were significantly elevated during the first 5 days of postnatal life. An abrupt decline in FSH concentrations occurred during this period, from levels of 800 ng/ml on day 1 to levels of 300 ng/ml on Day 6. Subsequently, FSH levels fluctuated widely until about Days 30 to 45, when a secondary peak of FSH was observed. Thereafter, a decline in FSH levels to those found in adult rats occurred. This decline in FSH levels appears to coincide with the first release of mature spermatozoa from the germinal epithelium in the testis. During the first 30 days of postnatal life, LH and testosterone values appeared to be inversely related to each other and an LH peak and a nadir of testosterone levels was observed between Days 6 and 14 at time corresponding to regression of the fetal generation of interstitial cells. A parallel rise in LH and testosterone levels occurred from Days 30 to sexual maturity and corresponded to the development of the adult generation of intestitial cells. PMID- 1110464 TI - The occurrence of sialoglycolipids in bull, buffalo and goat semen. PMID- 1110465 TI - Permeability of the mouse zona pellucida to immunoglobulin. PMID- 1110466 TI - An effect of the epididymis on the growth of antlers of castrated red deer. PMID- 1110467 TI - Uterine proteins in the marsupial, Didelphis Marsupialis virginiana, during gestation. PMID- 1110468 TI - The effect of mating upon LH release in male and female voles of the species Microtus agrestis. PMID- 1110469 TI - Angiographic studies of the extrinsic vasculature of the rabbit ovary. PMID- 1110470 TI - Nipple reattachment by disloged pouch young of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus. PMID- 1110471 TI - A study of proliferative activity of the uterine epithelium of the pregnant rat in relation to the morphogenesis of the "new" lumen. PMID- 1110472 TI - The effects of tubal ligation on ovum transport in rabbits. AB - Ovum transport was studied in rabbit oviducts ligated 18 hr after mating in untreated and oestrogen-treated rabbits. Essentially all ova (93.5%) were recovered from the sham-ligated oviducts averaged 46.7%. Recovery of ova in oviducts ligated at the infundibulum and at the uterotubal junction was 100%. It is likely, therefore, that ova were transported prematurely into the uterus from ligated oviducts. Ovum transport through sham-ligated oviducts was significantly retarded by a single injection of oestradiol cyclopentylpropionate (25 or 250 mug) but remained accelerated in ligated oviducts diminished by 60 hr p.c. in untreated rabbits, but was maintained in oestrogen-treated rabbits. Ovum transport through distended oviducts may be accelerated by the passage of oviducal fluid into the uterus. PMID- 1110473 TI - Radiation effects on testes. II. incorporation of 65Zn after partial body gamma irradiation of rats. AB - The decrease in the uptake of 65-Zn by irradiated testes (720 R) was followed by recovery after 30 days. After a dose of 2000 R, uptake of 65-Zn was systemtically reduced over a period of 74 days. Studies following the administration of testosterone and FSH germinal cells of the testes is under the control of pituitary gonadotrophins. PMID- 1110474 TI - Histochemical observations on the lipid changes in the rat corpus luteum during various reproductive states. PMID- 1110475 TI - Pregnancy-terminating effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin in rats. AB - A single intramuscular dose of HGC(50) i.u. or more per rat) was able to induce fetal resorption and eventual termination of pregnancy when injected on Day 4 or between days 7 and 11 of pregnancy. This dose was inactive when administered on Day 12 of pregnancy. A single large dose (500 i.u./rat) induced fetal resorption when administered even on Day 12 of pregnancy. In intact rats treated with HCG, daily doses of progesterone were unable to maintain normal implantation; in ovariectomized rats treated with HCG, daily preges. Terone did succeed in maintaining pregnancy in many of the animals. It is suggested that fetal resorption and the eventual pregnancy-terminating effects of HCG in rats are mediated through the alteration of normal ovarian steroidogenesis. PMID- 1110476 TI - Hormonal requirements of the different cycles of the seminiferous epithelium during reinitiation of spermatogenesis in long-term hypophysectomized rats. AB - Restoration of testicular function in long-term hypo-physectomized rats given different hormonal treatments during the various cycles of the seminiferous epithelium was evaluated on the basis of the weights of testes, epididymides, and other accessory sexual glands, histological examination of testes, and determination of the numbers of spermatozoa/epididymis. The staput fractionation technique for the separation of classes of germinal cells was employed to provide a measure of the advancing front of pulse-labelled cells following the intratesticular administration of (3-H)thymidinemthe results suggested that during the first two cycles, in which spermatogonia develop into pachytene spermatocytes, either LH or testosterone alone was sufficient for partial restoration. During the third cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, LH and FSH were required to allow previously labelled pachytene spermatocytes to progress efficiently to stage 7 spermatids. Administration of LH alone during the final cycle was sufficient to permit stage 7 spermatids to develop into spermatozoa, provided LH plus H had been given during the previous three cycles. Injection of LH during the entire period and of FSH during the third cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was required to achieve Staput profiles characteristic of a normal advancing front of pulse-labelled cells, and to allow partial restoration of spermatogenesis. More complete restoration was obtained in rats given FSH and LH during the first three cycles but, with the doses employed, the number of spermatoza/testis remained subnormal. Efficient completion of each cycle of the seminiferous epithelium appeared to be hormone-dependent. The data are discussed in relation to the possibility that hormones may affect the general development of germinal cells in an indirect manner by their influence on Sertoli cell function. PMID- 1110477 TI - Effects of a protein-free diet on amino acids and sex hormones of rats during the early postimplantation stages of pregnancy. AB - In rats, the effect of a protein-free diet on the maintenance of gestation was investigated during the early postimplantation stages (days 7 to 10). The growth kinetics of the implantation site, the concentrations of free amino acids in the implantation sites as well as in the maternal liver and the levels of sex hormones in the maternal serum were determined. The results of these studies showed that in the whole implantation site, the absolute amounts of DNA, RNA and nitrogen were significantly lower in the rats fed a protein-free diet, the concentrations of essential amino acids decreased in the whole implantation site to the same extent as in the maternal liver. In the case of the non-essential amino acids, however, a significant increase in the concentrations of some of the amino acids was observed in the maternal liver. With regard to the essential amino acid pool, it appears that the liver and decidua can be regarded as being in a dynamic equilibrium. Peripheral prolactin and progesterone concentrations significantly decreased on day 8 of gestation, while the amounts of LH and total oestrogens remained unchanged. PMID- 1110478 TI - Immunological aspects of gynecological malignancies. AB - The intricate aspects of cell mediated immunity in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervis and adenocarcinoma of the ovary are demonstrated with an in vitro system. Presensitized lymphocytes from patients with these two gynecologic malignancies demonstrated immediate cytocidal effects on analogous tumor cells in culture. This was not true of lymphocytes from normal health individuals. Some cross-reactivity between surface antigens in fetal gut cells and malignant epithelial cells is suggested by other experiments. These studies are used to formulate a hypothesis that tumor associated antigens do exist in gynecological malignancies. PMID- 1110479 TI - Advanced ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 1110480 TI - Basal body temperature recordings in ectopic pregnancy. AB - Basal body temperature charts taken during the cycle of conception of tubal pregnancies suggested the presence of luteal phase defect in the background of ectopic implantation and the recurrence of an apparent menstruation at the expected time of the next period. The temperature changes were compatible with the occurrence of a "superovulation" shortly before the occurrence of tubal abortion. PMID- 1110481 TI - Intrapartum hypertension and intravenous saline. AB - Four hundred women in labor were given, on a random basis, either 5 per cent dextrose in water or 5 per cent dextrose in normal saline infusions. Normotensive parturients receiving saline showed an increased incidence of elevated blood pressure during labor or postpartum while hypertensive parturients showed no significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure. Fetal serum sodium levels were not affected by whether the mother had received either the dextrose or saline intravenous solution. PMID- 1110482 TI - The rehabilitation counselor: a student of life. PMID- 1110483 TI - Accountability and the future of rehabilitation. PMID- 1110484 TI - Editorial: The new era--a challenge. PMID- 1110485 TI - Radiologic seminar CXXXXVIII: recurrent gastric bezoar in a postgastrectomy patient. PMID- 1110486 TI - Editorial: Continuing medical education. PMID- 1110487 TI - The malpractice crisis and the insurance carrier. PMID- 1110488 TI - Effect of water on the thermal death of a hydrocarbon bacterium in a nonaqueous fluid. AB - A bacterium that grows in oil was tested for survival at elevated temperatures in menstruums of varying water content. For each doubling of the water concentration, the surviving fraction decreased by a factor of approximately 3.0. A minimum value of 0.02% water is required before enhanced killing occurs. PMID- 1110489 TI - Preparation of 14C-labeled sterigmatocystin in liquid media. AB - 14C-labeled sterigmatocystin was prepared from surface cultures of Aspergillus versicolor A-18074 maintained in liquid media by multiple additions of (1 14C)acetate to the cultures. The highest yield of 7.75 mg/10 ml was found with a sucrose-asparagine-ammonium medium in which more than 3% of the radioactivity of the added (1-14C)acetate was recovered ithe purified (ring-14C) sterigmatocystin. The method offers an easy way to prepare 14C-labeled sterigmatocystin for studies of this mycotoxin. PMID- 1110490 TI - Pathogenic leptospiras isolated from Malaysian surface waters. AB - Pathogenic leptospiras (1,424) isolated from natural waters and wet soils in Malaysia comprised 29 different serovars (synonym serotypes). All except two of the serovars had been found previously in Malaysia. The exceptional serovars were werrasingha, an Autumnalis serogroup member originally isolated in Ceylon, and a new serovar designated evansi. Serovar evansi had serological affinities with serovar ranarum which was isolated from the kidney of a frog in Iowa. The large variety of serovars found in jungle areas was consistent with similar previous findings of diverse serovar infections in troops who had operated in Malaysian jungles. PMID- 1110491 TI - Characterization of Bacillus pumilus E601 spores after single sublethal gamma irradiation treatments. AB - Eighteen survivor strains of Bacillus pumilus E601 have been isolated after single sublethal irradiation treatments with 60Co. Primary isolation was based on the loss of motility and pellicle formation. However, with subsequent subcultivation, eight isolates reverted back to the standard of exhibiting motility and pellicle formation. Characteristics of the isolates include alterations in space radiation resistance and in the amino acid requirements for spore germination and outgrowth. Other alterations in cultural and physiological characteristics were found. Three of the isolates were asporogenous. PMID- 1110492 TI - Incidence of aflatoxin in California almonds. AB - In a survey of California almonds, aflatoxin was found in 14% of 74 samples of unsorted, in-shell almonds as received by the processor in 1972, but it occurred at very low levels (below 20 parts per billion (ppb)) in 90% of the contaminated samples. The overall proportion of individual nuts contaminated was especially low and is estimated with 95% probability to have been in the range of 1 nut/55,300 nuts to 1 nut/14,700 nuts. Aflatoxin contamination is not restriced to any particular section of the almond-growing region of California. Commercial sorting procedures are effective in removing most aflatoxin-contaminated nutmeats, since none of 26 samples of processed, whole nutmeats contained aflatoxin. In contrast, 13 of 27 samples of diced almonds were contaminated, but nine of these 13 samples contained less than 20 ppb. Only one of 25 samples of sliced nutmeats contained aflatoxin (4 ppb). Thus, aflatoxin incidence in almonds varies greatly with the category of finished product. The apparent high incidence in diced nutmeats is probably due mostly to the more uniform distribution of aflatoxin occurring in this product (because of its small particle size) than that occurring in the other products. Sample size requirements for monitoring aflatoxin in almonds are discussed. PMID- 1110493 TI - Household sap, detergent, and cleaner ingestions. PMID- 1110494 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute ilio-femoral thrombophlebitis]. PMID- 1110495 TI - [Function of the sympathico-acrenal system in chronic cholecystitis and obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 1110496 TI - [Acute appendicitis in middle-aged and old women]. PMID- 1110497 TI - [Recurrence of endemic goiter]. PMID- 1110498 TI - [State of certain indicators of postoperative homeostasis]. PMID- 1110499 TI - [Skin temperature as an indicator of thermoregulation and heat exchange in the body of surgeons under conditions of microclimate of the operating room]. PMID- 1110500 TI - [Autoerythrocyte transfusion after preservation by deep freezing]. PMID- 1110501 TI - [Prevention and treatment of thrombophlebitis in the Ivano-Frankovsk district]. PMID- 1110502 TI - [Surgical treatment of superficial varicose veins of the lower limbs]. PMID- 1110503 TI - [Emergency and urgent specialized aid in closed thoracic injury]. PMID- 1110504 TI - [Paget-Schroetter syndrome caused by lipoma of unusual location]. PMID- 1110505 TI - [Trypsin electrophoresis in the treatment of Paget-Schroetter syndrome]. PMID- 1110506 TI - [Effect of vistarin on the venous wall (experimental study)]. PMID- 1110507 TI - [Pathogenesis and clinical course of massive thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 1110508 TI - [Disputable problems of tactics in handling foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 1110509 TI - [Bioelectrical activity of the stomach and small intestine after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 1110510 TI - [Certain indicators of the function of external respiration in patients with lung cancer during total and selective spirography]. PMID- 1110511 TI - [Indicators of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase in peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with lung cancer]. PMID- 1110512 TI - [Prevention of deformation of the knee joint in children with a history of epiphyseal osteomyelitis]. PMID- 1110513 TI - [Remote results of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 1110514 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of cholecystitis in elderly and aged persons]. PMID- 1110515 TI - [Pancreatography by use of puncture of the pancreatic ducts]. PMID- 1110516 TI - [Surgical treatment of hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 1110517 TI - [Postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 1110518 TI - [Complications and repeated operations for surgery of cancer of the major duodenal papilla]. PMID- 1110519 TI - [Spontaneous fistulas of the extrahepatic biliary tract]. PMID- 1110520 TI - [Nonparasitic liver cyst in association with malignant degeneration of adenocysts of the common bile duct]. PMID- 1110521 TI - [Formation of a calculus in the common bile duct on a silk ligature]. PMID- 1110522 TI - [Effect of vagotomy on the structure and function of the small intestine (review of the literature)]. PMID- 1110523 TI - [Peculiarities of the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis and acute cholecystitis in elderly and aged patients]. PMID- 1110524 TI - [Tactics of the treatment of patients with cholecystitis]. PMID- 1110525 TI - [Postoperative mortality in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 1110526 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 1110527 TI - [Bloodless method of removal of residual calculi from the bile ducts]. PMID- 1110528 TI - [Remote results of reconstructive surgery of the gallbladder by use of a segment of the small intestine in the postcholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 1110529 TI - [Changes in portal pressure in obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 1110530 TI - [Radioisotope study of the liver and biliary tract following cholecystectomy]. PMID- 1110531 TI - [Effectiveness of the latex-agglutination reaction in echinococcosis and alveococcosis]. PMID- 1110532 TI - [Clinical picture and treatment of echinococcosis of the liver]. PMID- 1110533 TI - [Evaluation of the functional state of the liver in cirrhosis and extrahepatic portal hypertension]. PMID- 1110534 TI - [Surgical intervention in impacted calculi of the major duodenal papilla]. PMID- 1110535 TI - [Treatment of hepato-cerebral insufficiency]. PMID- 1110536 TI - [Treatment of acute liver insufficiency by extracorporeal perfusion of the liver]. PMID- 1110537 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of extrahepatic portal hypertension caused by occlusion of the splenic vein]. PMID- 1110538 TI - [Periarterial neurectomy of the common hepatic artery in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in children]. PMID- 1110539 TI - [Pathophysiologic changes in liver injuries and surgical intervention for them]. PMID- 1110540 TI - [Indices of protein metabolism and the functional state of the liver in patients with colectomies]. PMID- 1110541 TI - [Profuse hemorrhage in pancreonecrosis]. PMID- 1110542 TI - [Use of colorimetric ultramicroprobe in the determination of eye humors]. PMID- 1110543 TI - [Ocular symptoms in trichinosis]. PMID- 1110544 TI - [Hypertensive and pseudohypertensive degenerative retinal foci]. PMID- 1110545 TI - [Air massage of lacrimal passages (preliminary report)]. PMID- 1110546 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of lacrimal canaliculi obstruction]. PMID- 1110547 TI - [Surgical treatment of nystagmus by the andersen-kestenbaum method]. PMID- 1110548 TI - [Effects of corticoids on frequency of postoperative complications following muscle elongation by the Madroszkiewicz method]. PMID- 1110549 TI - [Effect of the existing proportion between the level of intraocular pressure and the pressure obtaining in the ophthalmic artery on the visual activity and visual fields in glaucoma]. PMID- 1110550 TI - [Bilateral purulent endophthalmits in the course of endocarditis]. PMID- 1110551 TI - [Cataracta dermatogenes]. PMID- 1110552 TI - [Case of bilateral malignant lymphoma of the lacrimal sac]. PMID- 1110553 TI - [Case of multiple polymorphous hemangioma]. PMID- 1110554 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of patients following intraocular surgery]. PMID- 1110555 TI - [Present-day diagnosis and treatment of simple chronic glaucoma. I. Diagnosis of early cases]. PMID- 1110556 TI - [Stenopeic systems]. PMID- 1110557 TI - [Bacteriological evaluation of surgeon's hands cleaniness following routine scrubbing prior to operative surgery]. PMID- 1110558 TI - [Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic difficulties in primary orbital tumors in the light of 20-year observations]. PMID- 1110559 TI - [Personal observations on the description of fundus changes in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1110560 TI - [Propranolol in the treatment of chronic simple glaucoma and juvenile glaucoma]. PMID- 1110561 TI - [Diagnosis of early forms of chronic simple glaucoma in out-patient practice]. PMID- 1110562 TI - [Photocoagulation as a procedure completing surgical treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 1110563 TI - [Intraoperative complications during rectus muscle elongation by the Madroszkiewicz method]. PMID- 1110564 TI - [Technics of fluorescein angiography using the modified Zeiss (Jena) retinophot]. PMID- 1110565 TI - [Fluorescence angiography with the use of an improved Zeiss retinophot]. PMID- 1110566 TI - [Principles of differential diagnosis in solitary choroid hemangioma]. PMID- 1110567 TI - [Retinal pseudotumor caused by Toxocara canis]. PMID- 1110568 TI - [Laffer-Ascher syndrome]. PMID- 1110569 TI - [Problems of modern diagnosis and therapy of simple chronic glaucoma. II. Therapy]. PMID- 1110570 TI - Four hundred consecutive patients with permanent transvenous pacemakers. AB - Between April 1, 1965, and May 1, 1973, we inserted permanent transvenous pacemakers in 400 consecutive patients. Patients considered for this type of pacing were those with any episode of heart block and those with other types of bradyarnhythmias who had unexplained vertigo or syncope. There was one operative death and one instance in which the primary unit became infected. Problems with catheter dislocation, electrode fracture, and exit block were few and were easily corrected. We believe transvenous permanent pacing to be the best method of cardiac pacmaking in these patients. It is well tolerated by largely avoidable and easy to correct. PMID- 1110571 TI - Simultaneous mitral valve replacement and ligation of persistent ductus arteriosus; a case report. AB - The successful simultaneous closure of a persistent ductus arteriosus and mitral valve replacement in a 65-year-old woman with pulmonary hypertension is reported. The approach through a left thoracotomy gave good exposure and momentary cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass made ligation of the calcified ductus possible. Although this seems to be a rare association, when mitral valve disease is significant the simultaneous closure of the duct and mitral valve surgery is the treatment of choice. PMID- 1110572 TI - Complications of cloth-covered prosthetic valves: results with a new mitral prosthesis. AB - During a 12 year period 5,103 cardiac prosthetic valves in 4,193 patients have been evaluated for performance and incidence of complications. As a result of our experience, the advantages of fewer embolic phenomena, associated with epithelialization in completely cloth-covered valves and those with cloth-covered seating rings, are outweighed by the problems of cloth wear, hemolysis, and hemodynamic obstruction from tissue overgrowth. A valve has been designed which incorporates the desirable features of full-flow orifice, low-profile, self washing principle, polished contact surfaces, durable materials, and a large eccentric sewing ring into a new mitral prosthesis. Clinical evaluation in 394 patients from Aug. 1, 1971, through Dec. 31, 1973, has demonstrated excellent hemodynamic function and a low incidence of thromboembolic phenomenon. PMID- 1110573 TI - Coronary collateral blood flow in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The evolution and transmural distribution of coronary collateral blood flow in acute myocardial infarction was determined in 24 trained, unanesthetized dogs by injection of radioactive microspheres into the coronary circulation. Acute coronary artery occlusion resulted in a greater decrease in subendocardial flow than subepicardial flow in both the central and marginal zones of the infarct. Coronary collateral blood flow was distributed primarily to the marginal zone and to the subepicardium of the central zone of the infarct. The greatest increase in collateral flow occured between 12 and 18 hours after coronary artery occlusion. By 24 hours after coronary occlusion, blood flow to all areas of the infarct except the subendocardium of the central zone had returned to near control levels. This dispropotionate distribution of coronary collateral blood flow during the early stages of myocardial ischemic injury helps to explain the apparent lack of protection of the subendocardium by collateral flow. PMID- 1110574 TI - Interrupted aortic arch and ventricular septal defect. Direct repair through a median sternotomy incision in a 13-day-old infant. AB - A type B interrupted aortic arch was successfully repaired in a 13-day-old infant during profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Through a median sternotomy incision it was possible to resect a patent ductus arteriosus and mobilize the descending thoracic aorta for anastomosis to the side of the ascending aorta. At the same time a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) and a small atrial septal defect were closed through the right atrium. Cardiac catheterization 5 months after operation showed a small persistent VSD with a pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio of 1.1/1. The systolic gradient between the ascending and descending aorta was 20 mm. Hg. PMID- 1110575 TI - Blood platelets and extracorporeal circulation; kinetic studies on dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Platelet kinetics and functions were studied in dogs during extracorporeal circulation. A transient platelet sequestration in the liver occurs during the bypass. This reversible disappearance is accompanied by a loss of the ability of platelets to adhere or aggregate. The platelets which return to the circulation have normal functions and a normal life span. The irreversible damage is mainly due to the direct blood-gas interface. Impairment of lung function by platelet aggregates is discussed and the importance of an in vivo model to study the factors which affect the platelets, such as antiaggregating agents, is pointed out. PMID- 1110576 TI - Selection of the candidate for myocardial revascularization; a profile of high risk based on multivariate analysis. AB - A survey of 60 patients who died from cardiac related causes after vein or artery bypass operations alone (1967 to 1973) was made with respect to 26 clinical, angiographic, and operative variables. These factors were compared with identical characteristics of 1,188 survivors operated upon in 1973. Through discriminant analysis, the various characteristics, isolated or multiple in any combination, have been converted into risk related to operative death. The distinctive features of the mortality group were vastly different from those in the surviving group. Ten patients (16.67 per cent) of the mortality group were in the ninety ninth percentile of risk, whereas these factors or variables of similar weight produced an equivalent risk of only 0.34 per cent of the survivors; thus, operative death in these circumstances could be predicted with an estimated 98.0 per cent assurance. Each of 6 patients with mortality risks above 0.99999 had (1) marked cardimegaly, (2) uncompensated congestive heart failure (CHF), (3) triple vessel coronary artery disease and/or obstruction of the left main coronary artery, (4) generalized impairment of left ventricular contraction or segmental left ventricular scar, and (5) evelated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. As a single factor, congestive heart failure (CHF) exerted the most influence on the probability of dying. A new and more desctiptive statistical interpretation of the factors presumed to affect risk is presented. PMID- 1110577 TI - Myocardial revascularization in patients with poor ventricular function. AB - Eighty patients with evidence of impaired ventricular function by ventriculography were reviewed. On the basis of the ejection fraction, these patients were divided into three groups. Those with ejection fractions less than 0.2 were considered in very poor condition, those with ejection fractions of 0.2 to 0.4 were considered in poor condition, and those with ejection fractions with between 0.4 and 0.6 were considered fair. Suitability of vessels for bypassing and the presence or absence of collateral cirulation on the cinearteriograms was also noted for possible influence on result. Operative mortality rate in patients having complete repair, defined as bypassing all major vessels with significant obstruction, was 7 per cent. In 26 patients having incomplete repair, the operative mortality was 30 per cent. However, the late mortality rate was not favorably influenced by complete repair, 75 per cent are in improved or good clinical condition, as compared with 65 per cent in the incomplete repair group. As patients with impairment of ventricular contractility are at high risk, it is believed that they should continue to be evaluated on an individual basis for bypass surgery and not categorically denied treatment. PMID- 1110578 TI - The advantages of transthoracic placement of permanent cardiac pacemaker electrodes. AB - To determine the effect of stimulation site on cardiac pacing thresholds, identical, small-surface area, cathodal, Elgiloy electrodes were placed intramyocardially on the left and right ventricular apices and transvenously into the right ventricular apex of 20 dogs in complete heart block. At seven stimulus durations, threshold voltage and current were measured directly with an oscilloscope and current probe. Left ventricular intramyocardial pacing required less threshold stimulus energy than right ventricular intramyocardial or right ventricular endocardial pacing. Previous studies that determined lower thresholds with transvenous right ventricular endocardial leads than with directly placed myocardial leads used stimulating electrodes of differing configuration, surface area, and materials at the different sites and/or used epicardial rather than intramyocardial electrodes. These factors biased the results in favor of the endocardial site. When all clinical and electrophysiological facotrs are considered, direct intramyocardial placement of electrodes deserves a much wider acceptance and application than it now enjoys. PMID- 1110579 TI - A new radioisotope-powered cardiac pacer. AB - A small lighweight nuclear pacer is described. The unit weighs 6) Gm. and occupies a bolume of 33 c.c. It is a standard, R-wave inhibited, demand pacer and has been shown to be insensitive to electromagnetic interference. The unit has met all United States and Foreign Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) safety specification requirements, including cechanical shock, industrial fire, accidental crush, cremation, impact, and corrosion. Its calculated life is in excess of 20 years. Extensive dog testing has been completed and will be described in detail elsewhere. The United States AEC has been issued a license to conduct extensive clinical trials. These began in October 1974, and will be the subject of a later report. PMID- 1110580 TI - One 25 day survivor with total artificial heart. AB - One calf, which weighed 87 kilograms, survived for 25 days with a total artificial heart (TAH) implanted orthotopically. All hemodynamic parameters stayed normal except the right atrial pressure (RAP), which increased gradually toward the end of the experiment. The cardiac output was maintained between 8.0 and 11.0 L. per minute. Kidney function was well maintained, and no pulmonary insufficiency was noted. Infection became obvious after 2 weeks of pumping although it was controlled to the extent that the calf was able to eat, to several factors, amont them mechanical damage to red blood cells, infection, malnutrition, and liver damage. The calf was standing until 30 minutes before its sudden death from cerebral thromboembolism. The calf's activity throughout the postoperative course convinced us of the feasibility of clinical application and of immediate application to studies of cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology. PMID- 1110581 TI - Acoustic neuroma and the suboccipital approach (1967-1972). AB - The goal of successful acoustic tumor surgery is to totally remove the tumor and preserve neurologic function. This paper reviews 132 patients, with particular emphasis on the hospital mortality rate, total removal of the neoplasm, and preservation of facial function and, in 3 instances, hearing. PMID- 1110582 TI - Multiple myeloma: review of 869 cases. AB - A review of 869 cases of multiple myeloma seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 through 1971 revealed that 98% of patients were 40 years of age or older and that 61% of them were males. Inital findings were bone pain in 68% of patients, anemia in 62%, renal insufficiency in 55%, hypercalcemia in 30%, a palpable liver in 21%, and a palpable spleen in 5%. Proteinuria was noted in 88% and Bence Jones proteinuria was identified in 49%. Skeletal roentgenographic abnormalities were seen in 79%. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a spike in 76%, hypogammaglobulinemia in 9%, and minor or no abnormalities in 15%, and a globulin spike was seen 75% of the urinary electrophoretic patterns. Immunoelectrophoresis of the serum revealed a monoclonal heavy chain in 83% and a monoclonal light chain in the serum, in 8% (Bence Jones proteinemia). Three patients had no monoclonal protein in the serum or the urine ("nonsecretory"). Amyloidosis was found in 7% of the patients. Follow-up information was obtained in 99.7% ; 82% of the 869 patients have died. Infection and renal insufficiency were the most common specific causes of death. The median survival was 20 months; 66% of the patients were alive at 1 year and 18% at 5 years. PMID- 1110584 TI - Treating the family. PMID- 1110583 TI - Bilateral adrenal medullary hyperplasia in multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2: the precursor of bilateral pheochromocytoma. AB - An asymptomatic 12-year-old girl with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2, had high urinary levels of vanillylmandelic acid that suggested pheochromocytoma; she also had bilateral medullary thyroid carcinoma and hyperparathyroidism. Her mother and maternal aunt and uncle had bilateral pheochromocytoma (metastatic in the former two). Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. Diffuse, non-nodular adrenal medullary hyperplasia was present. This hyperplasia was characterized by increased medullary mitotic activity, decreased corticomedullary ratio, increased total adrenal weight, and increased total catecholamine content (left adrenal). The results in this case suggest that diffuse hyperplasia of the adrenal medulla may be the precursor of pheochromocytoma in patients with this syndrome. PMID- 1110585 TI - Radiological case of the month. PMID- 1110586 TI - Developing a psychiatric consultation unit in a community hospital. PMID- 1110587 TI - General systems and PERT concepts in community mental health planning. PMID- 1110588 TI - Psychiatric patients benefit from multi-specialty group approach. PMID- 1110589 TI - Electrodiagnosis: clinical examination or laboratory test? PMID- 1110590 TI - Diagnosis of unexplained chest X-ray abnormalities. PMID- 1110591 TI - Indications for artificial pacing in patients with an acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1110592 TI - The older physician: challenges and problems. PMID- 1110593 TI - The spatial distribution of urban pharmacies. AB - Pharmacists are thought to play a central role in providing information and advice on health to lower income and other socially disadvantaged groups. However, recent evidence suggests that social biases exist in the spatial distribution of urban pharmacies. Such biases would severely limit the accessibility of the poor and the nonwhite to pharmacy services. To test the general nature of this evidence, we used multiple regression techniques to assess the simultaneous influence of several ecological and socioeconomic variables on the location of pharmacies in Pittsburgh and Omaha. After controlling for the influence of physicians, hospitals, commercial activity, population, and other variables thought to affect pharmacy location, we were unable to detect any evidence of a direct association between pharmacy location and the socioeconomic or demographic (other than total population) characteristics of areas in either city. PMID- 1110594 TI - Health and economic development: the example of China and Cuba. AB - The unprecedented accomplishments reported from China and Cuba in providing health care to their populations question the assumption that economic development along the model of Western nations is a sine qua non for developing effective health care systems among nonaffluent developing nations. Equal distribution of resources, emphasis on preventive public health measures, and attention to improving overall quality of life have been concepts employed to great advantage by both countries. When it is realized that improved standards of living have far overshadowed modern medical technology in upgrading the health of populations, the policies employed in China and Cuba become especially relevant to other nations, both developed and developing. PMID- 1110595 TI - Survival, and a modicum of indulgence in the sick role. AB - Serendipitously occasioned, interim findings from an exploratory study "which-as Whitehead once said of William James's pragmatism-'chiefly starts a log of hares for people to chase.'"3 The data, collected in a 1965 community survey of health, show that no indulgence in the sick role apparently entails greater mortality risk than does a modicum of such indulgence. PMID- 1110596 TI - Uptake of calcium by microvillous membranes of intestinal epithelial cells. PMID- 1110597 TI - Synergic effects of noise and stress on general behavior. PMID- 1110598 TI - Studies on the purification and properties of teleost prolactin. PMID- 1110599 TI - Human renin inhibition by a diazoacyl reagent: relationship of the enzyme to other proteinases. PMID- 1110600 TI - Testosterone effects on protein synthesis in the rat pineal gland. Modulation by the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 1110601 TI - Alteration of circadian rhythmicities of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and vanilmandelic acid (VMA) in man during cold exposure. PMID- 1110602 TI - Central cholinergic influence on self-administration of morphine and amphetamine. PMID- 1110603 TI - Interaction of ethacrynic acid and cysteine with renal medullary adenylate cyclase. PMID- 1110605 TI - Circadian fluctuation of brain acetylcholine in rats. I. On the variations in the total brain and discrete brain areas. PMID- 1110604 TI - Relationships between platelet and plasma monoamine oxidase, plasma dopamine-beta hydroxylase, and urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylglycol. PMID- 1110606 TI - Sensitivity of the sodium efflux in barnacle muscle fibers to the microinjection of ATP. PMID- 1110607 TI - Newly synthesized norepinephrine accumulation in the readily releasable pool of a purified adrenergic vesicle fraction. PMID- 1110608 TI - More on the meaning of symptoms in psychiatry. PMID- 1110609 TI - What's new for diabetes? PMID- 1110610 TI - New tax law can help you fatten your pension fund. PMID- 1110611 TI - A million dollar malpractice award. PMID- 1110612 TI - Editorial: Primary care defined. PMID- 1110614 TI - The legal sequelae of FP board certification. PMID- 1110613 TI - When your patient complains of headaches. PMID- 1110615 TI - From the medical examiner's files. PMID- 1110616 TI - What to expect when you insert an I.U.D. PMID- 1110617 TI - [Problem of sudden death]. PMID- 1110618 TI - [The "conventional" infusion cholangiocystogram. Radiologic diagnosis and clinical experiences (2. report)]. PMID- 1110619 TI - [Age-dependent reciprocal effect of potassium-magnesium-aspartate, during general anesthesia. Contribution to lactate-pyruvate and ATP metabolism]. PMID- 1110620 TI - [Enrichment of food with thiamine]. PMID- 1110621 TI - [Effect of Solcoseryl on cellular growth]. PMID- 1110622 TI - [Therapy of parkinsonism using L-Dopa (Brocadopa)]. PMID- 1110623 TI - [Prevention of caries and treatment of osteoporosis using fluoride]. PMID- 1110624 TI - Metabolic effects of propranolol in thyrotoxicosis. I. Nitrogen, calcium, and hydroxyproline. AB - The effect of propranolol on the hypermetabolism of thyrotoxicosis was investigated in eight subjects with diffuse toxic goiter. After equilibration on a constant nitrogen, calcium, and hydroxproline intake, nitrogen balance was determined before and during propranolol therapy prior to subtotal thyroidectomy and compared to similar data obtained in seven of the patients following surgically induced euthyroidism. Propranolol administration was associated with clinical amelioration and a rapid, statistically significant, improvement in nitrogen retention. A slight additional improvement in retention was noted in the postoperative euthyroid state. Oxygen consumption, measured serially in four patients, was not significantly changed by propranolol. Urinary loss of calcium, phosphorus, and hydroxyproline was unaffected by propranolol, but excretion of these substances was sharply reduced in the subjects restudied postoperatively. These data offer a evidence of a previously unreported nitrogen sparing effect of oral propranolol during its short-term administration in thyrotoxic man. PMID- 1110625 TI - Effect of lipids on glucagon secretion in man. AB - Animal experiments have suggested a FFA control mechanism for glucagon secretion. In man, the potent effect of FFA on HGH secretion and the similarity of the secretory control mechanisms for HGH and IRG also support a role of FFA in IRG secretion. Our studies in man in which plasma FFA were elevated by either an oral lipid emulsion (Lipomul) or an intravenous lipid suspension (Intralipid)suggest only a minor role of lipids in control of IRG secretion. Plasma FFA and triglyceride elevations did not suppress arginine- or hypoglycemia-induced plasma IRG elevations, but an inhibitory effect of Intralipid on basal plasma IRG concentrations was observed. Although nicotinic acid administration, which caused a depression in plasma FFA, did elevate plasma IRG, the IRG elevation was considered more likely a consequence of stress induced by the drug. The failure of lipids to inhibit IRG secretion at FFA concentrations inhibiting HGH secretion indicates a dissociation in the secretory control mechanisms of the two hormones. PMID- 1110626 TI - Effect of intravenously administered glucose on glucagon and insulin secretion during fat absorption. AB - The intravenous infusion of glucose was found to alter profoundly the response of insulin and glucagon to an intraduodenally administered fat meal in conscious dogs from that of dogs given only intravenous saline as a control. In the latter, insulin rose only 4 muu/ml and glucagon rose from 142 SEM plus or minus 8 to a peak of 221 pg/ml SEM plus or minus 50. When glucose was infused, raising plasma glucose above 173 mg/100 ml, the administration of fat was associated with a rise in mean insulin to 344 muu/ml, and glucagon remained suppressed by hyperglycemia to below baseline level, despite the fat meal. The peak insulin response to a fat meal plus glucose infusion was more than three times the peak level observed when glucose was infused alone without a meal or with a nonabsorbable intraduodenal volume load in the form of mineral oil. This suggests that the absorption of fat elicits an entero-insular signal that is greatly potentiated by exogenous glucose. These glucose-induced changes in the hormonal response to a fat meal may mediate certain of the metabolic effects of carbohydrates. PMID- 1110627 TI - Inhibition of sucrase by tris in rat and man, demonstrated by oral loading tests with sucrose. AB - In the course of work concerned with the inhibition of small intestinal carbohydrate digesting enzymes, experiments were performed on rats and two healthy volunteers using tris as a sucrase inhibitor. The following results were obtained: (1) Tris does not lower the blood glucose in fasting rats after oral or subcutaneous doses up to 500 mg/kg, when administered as neutral solution (pH 7.0). (2) Tris reduces reduces the glycemia in rats and human subjects after a sucrose load. In addition, the insulinemia caused by administration of sucrose is reduced in man. This smoothing effect on both curves is dose-dependent. A delay of gastric emptying by tris could be excluded. (3) After a glucose or matose load in rats, tris has no effect on the blood sugar curve. (4) The marked smoothing effect of tris is after sucrose loading is probably caused by its well-known in vitro inhibitory effect on intestinal sucrase activity of pigs and humans. PMID- 1110628 TI - Isolation and purification of corticosteroid-binding globulin from human plasma by affinity chromatography. PMID- 1110629 TI - Isolation of human testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin. PMID- 1110630 TI - Purification of progesterone-binding plasma protein (PBP) from pregnant guinea pigs. PMID- 1110631 TI - Theory of protein-ligand interaction. PMID- 1110632 TI - Use of plasma-binding proteins for steroid hormone assays. PMID- 1110634 TI - Methods for assessing the effects of aldosterone on sodium transport in toad bladder. PMID- 1110633 TI - Methods for assessing kinetics of hormone effects on energy and transport mechanisms in cells in suspension. PMID- 1110635 TI - Methods for assessing estrogen effects on new uterine protein synthesis in vitro. PMID- 1110636 TI - A molecular bioassay for progesterone and related compounds. PMID- 1110637 TI - Isolation of cortisol metabolites. PMID- 1110638 TI - Isolation and synthesis of the major metabolites of aldosterone and 18 hydroxycorticosterone. PMID- 1110639 TI - Methods for determining the conversion of L-thyroxine (T4) TO L-triiodothyronine (T3)1. PMID- 1110640 TI - Electron-capture techniques for steroid analysis. PMID- 1110641 TI - Methods for monitoring in vivo steroid hormone production and interconversion rates. PMID- 1110642 TI - Treatment of hemorrhoids. PMID- 1110643 TI - Acupuncture and medical practice. PMID- 1110644 TI - Cancer control program planning for Missouri. PMID- 1110645 TI - Treatment of skin cancer by cryosurgery. PMID- 1110646 TI - Gonorrhea in Missouri. PMID- 1110647 TI - Rupture of the tendo achillis. PMID- 1110648 TI - Current concepts of coagulation and their application to podiatric surgery. PMID- 1110649 TI - Triple arthrodesis: a new approach. PMID- 1110650 TI - Dangers posed to the hips of infants by counter splints used to treat internal rotations of the legs. PMID- 1110651 TI - A preliminary report on the efficacy of an automatic stapling instrument in podiatric surgery. PMID- 1110652 TI - A double-ring felt appliance to provide traction for dorsally contracted second toe. PMID- 1110653 TI - Sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garre. PMID- 1110654 TI - A missionary experience for podiatry. PMID- 1110655 TI - A child's first appointment with the podiatrist. PMID- 1110656 TI - Will a troubled economy affect your practice? PMID- 1110657 TI - Aquaculture. PMID- 1110658 TI - Development of aquaculture. PMID- 1110659 TI - Uterine intussuception in a Chow Chow. PMID- 1110660 TI - Osteochondrosis in the horse. PMID- 1110661 TI - Sympathy lameness, trauma, and the interpretive factor. PMID- 1110662 TI - Urolithiasis in cats. PMID- 1110663 TI - A pneumonia blanket for calves. PMID- 1110664 TI - Radiographic interpretation. PMID- 1110666 TI - Ethics committees: can self-policing work? PMID- 1110665 TI - Osteochondrosis in the horse. PMID- 1110667 TI - Solve the pet population crisis with pet planning programs. PMID- 1110668 TI - Five equine practitioners discuss today's economy. PMID- 1110669 TI - Sex and evolution. PMID- 1110670 TI - Exertional dyspnea and cough as preludes to acute attacks of bronchial asthma. AB - Although wheezing is believed to be a cardinal manifestation of asthma, some patients with this disorder may not present with wheezing, but rather with either exertional dyspnea or cough. In 14 such patients with dyspnea, there was peripheral airway dysfunction with markedly elevated residual volumes, frequency dependence of dynamic compliance and depressed flow rates in the middle-vital capacity range, whereas specific conductance and one-second forced expiratory volumes were normal. Circumstantial evidence suggests that mucosal edema or mucous secretions may have been responsible. In seven patients with cough, studies revealed a more severe obstructive pattern that appeared to be the result of increased large-airway resistance, and the patients' response to isoproterenol indicated that contraction of bronchial smooth muscle may have been principally responsible. Thus, intermittent episodes of cough or breathlessness may represent variant aspects of asthmatic attacks. PMID- 1110671 TI - The federal involvement in health. A personal view of current problems and future needs. PMID- 1110672 TI - Atrioventricular block (second of two parts). PMID- 1110673 TI - Visceral viewpoints. The tools of our trade--some comments on disease and disorder. PMID- 1110674 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 11-1975. PMID- 1110675 TI - Editorial: Lead-paint poisoning prevention: an opportunity forfeited. PMID- 1110676 TI - Editorial: League for beleaguered internists. PMID- 1110677 TI - Massachusetts Department of Public Health Neighborhood health centers- perspectives on opportunity for comprehensive ambulatory health care. PMID- 1110678 TI - Letter: Management of lipoatrophic diabetes. PMID- 1110679 TI - Letter: Arcus senilis and atherosclerosis in blacks. PMID- 1110680 TI - Letter: Preoperative management of breast cancer. PMID- 1110681 TI - Letter: Management of neuroblastomas. PMID- 1110682 TI - Letter: Myasthenia gravis: autoimmunity, etiology and pathogenesis. PMID- 1110683 TI - Letter: Home care for hepatitis. PMID- 1110684 TI - Letter: HL-A antigens in polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 1110685 TI - Letter: Anatomy taught by pathologists. PMID- 1110686 TI - Letter: Mental effects of "second-hand smoke". PMID- 1110687 TI - Letter: Safety of aspartame as a sweetener. PMID- 1110688 TI - Letter: Role of autopsy in the teaching of gross anatomy. PMID- 1110689 TI - Letter: Diagnostic screening and malpractice. PMID- 1110690 TI - Letter: Let anatomists teach anatomy. PMID- 1110691 TI - Comparison of ventricular ectopic activity during 24-hour monitoring and exercise testing in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - The exposure of ventricular ectopic activity (VEA) by maximal exercise testing and 24-hour ambulatory monitoring was compared in 100 unselected patients with coronary heart disease. The arrhythmia was noted with exercise in 56 patients and with monitoring in 88. Repetitive forms such as couplets and ventricular tachycardia were found to be twice as frequent (40 vs. 20) with monitoring than with exercise. Patients with prior myocardial infarction had more frequent ventricular ectopic activity of a more advanced grade with both exercise and monitoring than patients with angina pectoris. Exercise exposed the grades of ectopic activity that recurred during two or more hours of the monitoring session. Of seven patients with ventricular tachycardia on exercise only four exhibited this grade with monitoring. It may be that these two methods divulge different information regarding the electrophysiologic state of the myocardium. PMID- 1110692 TI - Glutethimide poisoning. A metabolite contributes to morbidity and mortality. PMID- 1110693 TI - By the London post. More friction in the hospitals--doctors' and nurses' roles- true story. PMID- 1110694 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-1975. PMID- 1110695 TI - Editorial: Ubiquitous VEA. PMID- 1110696 TI - Editorial: When news in the Journal is news. PMID- 1110697 TI - Letter: Hemodialysis statistics anemic? PMID- 1110698 TI - Letter: Statistics of coffee drinking and myocardial infarction. PMID- 1110699 TI - Letter: Treatment of hypertensive crises with diazoxide. PMID- 1110700 TI - Letter: Procaine for malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 1110701 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives and congenital limb-reduction defects. PMID- 1110702 TI - Letter: Anaerobic therapy in sepsis after cesarean section. PMID- 1110703 TI - Letter: Stability of aspirin in propoxyphene compound dosage forms. PMID- 1110704 TI - Letter: Patients, doctors, and lawyers. PMID- 1110705 TI - Letter: Segregation of smokers at medical meetings. PMID- 1110706 TI - Letter: System for increasing organ donation. PMID- 1110707 TI - The training of manpower needed for biomedical research. AB - Increased federal interest in the health of the American people implies federal support not only of biomedical research but also of training the personnel competent to carry out that research. Mechanisms to implement support biomedical research training include institutional training grants, individual fellowships, training grants, training as part of research grants and contracts, and self support with assistance by federal loans when necessary. Of these, the institutional grants provide the best mechanism since they are most likely to produce stable, high-quality scholarly programs that are continuously under peer review, and since they allow central direction of the mix of disciplines based on monitoring of current and projected requirements. PMID- 1110708 TI - Law-medicine notes. Experimentation becomes a crime: fetal research in Massachusetts. PMID- 1110709 TI - Editorial: Advocates for biomedical research: new and old. PMID- 1110710 TI - Editorial: To confront ethical issues in medicine. PMID- 1110711 TI - Letter: Restoration of lower-esophageal-sphincter function by operation. PMID- 1110712 TI - Letter: Dimethylaminoethanol for tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 1110713 TI - Letter: Less potent tablets of levothyroxine. PMID- 1110714 TI - Letter: Plasma prolactin: effect of posture in hypertensive patients. PMID- 1110715 TI - Letter: Antibiotic sensitivity testing with disks. PMID- 1110716 TI - Letter: Blood lost because of phlebotomy. PMID- 1110717 TI - Letter: Abuse of salt "substitute". PMID- 1110718 TI - Letter: Classification of inborn errors of morphogenesis. PMID- 1110719 TI - Letter: Ethics of human experimentation. PMID- 1110720 TI - Letter: Handlebar palsy. PMID- 1110721 TI - Letter: Musical medicine. PMID- 1110722 TI - Identification and measurement of plasticizer in neonatal tissues after umbilical catheters and blood products. AB - Because of concern about tissue uptake of pasticizers used in medical equipment, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in neonatal heart and gastro-intestinal tissue. Seventeen infants who had umbilical catheterization alone or with administration of blood products, and 13 stillborn or older controls were studied. The mean levels of the plasticizer for heart residue and pressed extract in the study group --1.27 plus or minus 0.42 and 0.66 plus or minus 0.22 mug per gram respectively--were significantly (pgreater than 0.005) higher than the corresponding control levels (less than 0.07 plus or minus 0.03 and less than 0.07 plus or minus 0.04 mug per gram). Higher levels were associated with larger amounts of blood products, more extensive use of catheters, and early death. Levels in gastrointestinal tissue from three infants who had died of necrotizing enterocolitis were significantly (less than 0.05) higher than those in gastrointestinal tissue from infants without this disease. Thus, plasticizer from medical use of plastics does accumlate in tissues of critically ill infants. PMID- 1110723 TI - High blood acetaldehyde levels after ethanol administration. Difference between alcoholic and nonalcoholic subjects. AB - Blood actaldehyde and ethanol levels were measured in 11 subjects, six with chronic alcholoism and five nonalcholic controls, after alcohol had been given intravenously. Despite a progressive fall in blood ethanol over a range of 54 to 33 mM/acetaldehyde did not decrease in any of the 11 subjects. The mean acetaldehyde plateau level was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in alcoholic (42.7 plus or minus 1.2 mum) than in nonalcoholic (26.5 plus or minus 1.5 mum) subjects. When the mean blood ethanol concentration reached 24 mM,the acetaldehyde plateau ended abruptly in each subject. The ethanol concentration at which this fall of blood acetaldehyde occurred suggests desaturation of an ethanol oxidizing system other than alcohol dehydrogenase and indicates that at high ethanol blood levels, such a system contributes to ethanol oxidation. The highet acetaldehyde levels in alcholism may result from both greater activity of this system and mitochondrial damage, and could contribut to the neurologic, hepatic and cardiac complications of alcoholism. PMID- 1110724 TI - Treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone with lithium carbonate. AB - Lithium, an established inhibitor of antidiuretic hormone action, was used (as the carbonate salt) to treat a patient with the syndrome of inappropriate secreation of antidiuretic hormone. The patient was studied by balance technics, and after a stablized hyponatremic state developed, 0.9 g of lithium carbonate was administered daily. A prompt water diuresis ensued, with correctionof hyponatremia in two days. Discontinuation of the drug resulted in a gradual return of the hyponatremic state. No change in urinary cyclic AMP occurred during the period of lithium effect. Lithium carbonate may be an effective treatment for both the acute and the chronic forms of the syndrome. PMID- 1110725 TI - Serum lysozyme in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. AB - Serum lysozyme (muramidase) concentrations were determined in patients with different types of inflammatory bowel disease and in normal subjects. The mean (plus or minus S.E.M.) lysozyme concentration for each group was as follows: controls, 8.8 plus or minus 0.3, ulcerative colitis, 9.3 plus or minus 0.6, Crohn's disease, 26.3 plus or minus 1.4. a and bacterial and nonbacterial enteritis, 8.9 plus or minus 0.7 mug per milliliter. Thus, mean enzyme levels were significantly greater in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis (p smaller than 0.001), bacterial and nonbacterial enteritis (p smaller than 0.001) and healthy volunteers (p smaller than 0.001). The elevation of serum lysozyme in Crohn's disease may be related to tissue macrophages because no correlation was found between either the serum lysozyme concentration and the white-cell counts or the absolute numbers of circulating granulocytes or monocytes. Our findings suggest that serum lysozyme may be useful in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease from other types of bowel inflammation. PMID- 1110726 TI - Women in health care. AB - The occupational, class, and sex structure of the United States Health Labor Force is similar to the competitive sector of the economy (i.e., it is predominantly female, poorly paid and poorly unionized). Upper-middle-class men compose the great majority of medical professionals, whereas lower-middle and working-class women form the greatest proportion of all middle-level, clerical and service workers. This division of labor is due to the role of women both in the family and as a reserve of labor for the economy. There is a virtual absence of the majority of producers--lower-middle-class and working-class women-- in the decision-making bodies of the health institutions. The political strategy for change is to introduce institutional democracy in the health sector, with control on the institutions by those who work in them--and those who are served by them. PMID- 1110728 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 8-1975. PMID- 1110727 TI - Recurrent pulmonary emboli with duplication of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 1110729 TI - Editorial: Alcoholism or acetaldehydism? PMID- 1110730 TI - Editorial: Lysozyme. PMID- 1110731 TI - Letter: Split-renal-function analysis without ureteral catheterization in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 1110732 TI - Letter: fever as a toxic reaction to quinidine. PMID- 1110734 TI - Letter: Bullet wounds. PMID- 1110733 TI - Letter: Chemoprophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 1110735 TI - Letter: Electrodiagnosis of brachial-plexus injuries. PMID- 1110736 TI - Letter: Neurolysis for brachial plexus injuries. PMID- 1110737 TI - Letter: Post-traumatic cerebrospinal-fluid fistulas. PMID- 1110738 TI - Letter: HL-A antigens in juvenile rhemumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1110739 TI - Letter: Help for the cancer patient's family. PMID- 1110740 TI - Letter: Interpretation of laboratory tests. PMID- 1110741 TI - Letter: Doctor's order and patient compliance. PMID- 1110742 TI - Letter: Screening with chest radiographs. PMID- 1110743 TI - Letter: Nomenclature of non-disease. PMID- 1110744 TI - Letter: Report on Bach Mai. PMID- 1110745 TI - Structure and assembly of filamentous bacterial viruses. PMID- 1110746 TI - Extraretinal control of vertical migration in fish larvae. PMID- 1110747 TI - Effect of absence of cochlear outer hair cells on behavioural auditory threshold. PMID- 1110748 TI - Enrichment of fungal mutants by selective cell-wall lysis. PMID- 1110749 TI - Activity of vitamin A analogues in cell cultures of mouse epidermis and organ cultures of hamster trachea. PMID- 1110750 TI - Thyroid hormone conformation from NMR studies of triiodothropropionic acid. PMID- 1110751 TI - Dissociation of Factor VIII-related antigen into subunits. PMID- 1110752 TI - Modulation excitation spectro-photometry of purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 1110753 TI - Polyamines stabilise DNA folds. PMID- 1110754 TI - Primary structure and sidechain interactions of PFL filamentous bacterial virus coat protein. PMID- 1110755 TI - The corneal cones of Limulus as optimised light concentrators. PMID- 1110756 TI - British anti-Lewisite and organomercury poisoning. PMID- 1110757 TI - Effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the lipid composition of bacteriophage PM2. PMID- 1110758 TI - The double helix of tropomyosin. PMID- 1110759 TI - Reaction of ribonucleosides and deoxynucleosides with copper(II) acetate. PMID- 1110760 TI - Statistical significance of DNA sequence symmetries. PMID- 1110761 TI - Single-stranded regions in DNA of old mice. PMID- 1110762 TI - Is mRNA transcribed from the strand complementary to it in a DNA duplex? PMID- 1110763 TI - Induction of dominant lethal mutation in male mice by ethyl alcohol. PMID- 1110764 TI - Evidence for postmeiotic effect of T factors causing segregation distortion in mouse. PMID- 1110765 TI - Delayed tumour appearance and absence of regression in nude mice infected with murine sarcoma virus. PMID- 1110766 TI - Earliest record of man's presence in Britain. PMID- 1110767 TI - Total human body protein synthesis in relation to protein requirements at various ages. PMID- 1110768 TI - Mechanisms of cell fusion. PMID- 1110769 TI - Microsomal enzyme induction by methadone and its implications on tolerance to methodone lethality. PMID- 1110770 TI - Increased neonatal mortality in offspring of male rats treated with methadone or morphine before mating. PMID- 1110771 TI - Physiology of visual cells in mouse superior colliculus and correlation with somatosensory and auditory input. PMID- 1110772 TI - Non-constant evolution rates in amino acid sequences of guinea pig, chinchilla and coypu pancreatic ribonucleases. PMID- 1110773 TI - Increased sensitivity of lymphocyte delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase to inhibition by proline with transformation. PMID- 1110774 TI - Nucleic acid-mutagen interactions: crystal structure of adenylyl-3',5'-uridine plus 9-aminoacridine. PMID- 1110775 TI - Lead levels in blood of residents near the M6-A38(7) interchange, Birmingham. PMID- 1110776 TI - Interactive effects of unpleasant light and unpleasant sound. PMID- 1110777 TI - Insect hormones as tsetse abortifacients. PMID- 1110778 TI - Behavioural role of individual components of a multichemical attractant system in the Oriental fruit moth. PMID- 1110779 TI - An attempt to separate fractions rich in human Y sperm. PMID- 1110780 TI - Sex and age differences in human platelet aggregation. PMID- 1110781 TI - Marijuana, absinthe and the central nervous system. PMID- 1110782 TI - Super dense carotenoid spectra resolved in single cone oil droplets. PMID- 1110783 TI - Age limitation of perceptual span. PMID- 1110784 TI - Letter: Simplification of palindromic telomere theory. PMID- 1110785 TI - Letter: Hepatocyte sialoglycoprotein. PMID- 1110786 TI - Reversibility and biological machines. PMID- 1110787 TI - Time to understand pictures and words. PMID- 1110788 TI - Sex differences in imagery and reading. PMID- 1110789 TI - A model illustrating the importance of timing in the regulation of breathing. PMID- 1110790 TI - PTC taste blindness and the taste of caffeine. PMID- 1110791 TI - Processing of positional information in the human visual system. PMID- 1110792 TI - Re-establishment of functional connections by regenerating central adrenergic and cholinergic axons. PMID- 1110794 TI - Lack of permeability of mouse placenta to maternal and foetal cells. PMID- 1110793 TI - Requirements for bursting pacemaker potential activity in molluscan neurones. PMID- 1110795 TI - Biosynthesis and degradation of methylmercury in human faeces. PMID- 1110796 TI - Citrate in milk: a harbinger of lactogenesis. PMID- 1110797 TI - Isoenzymes of hexokinase in human muscular dystrophy. PMID- 1110798 TI - Possible role of prostaglandin F2alpha in mediating effect of prolactin on RNA synthesis in mammary gland explants of mice. PMID- 1110799 TI - Endogenous protein kinase activity in nuclear RNP particles from HeLa cells. PMID- 1110800 TI - Estimation of accessibility of DNA in chromatin from fluorescence measurements of electronic excitation energy transfer. PMID- 1110801 TI - Specific IgE antibodies in immune adherence of normal macrophages to Schistosoma mansoni schistosomules. PMID- 1110802 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on hyaluronidase inhibitor. PMID- 1110803 TI - Fifty years in practice. PMID- 1110804 TI - "Them" and "us". PMID- 1110805 TI - Primary invasive adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix. PMID- 1110806 TI - Trousseau's phenomenon, Sign or? PMID- 1110807 TI - Primary dissecting aneurysm of the coronary artery. PMID- 1110808 TI - Extension of cervical carcinoma to lumbar spine. AB - Carcinoma of the cervix is a lesion in which involvement of the spinal column is not generally considered. Two recent cases attest to the fact that this lesion may compress the lumbar vertebrae and cause paralysis, due to aorta iliac node metastases. Laminectomy with decompression, followed by radiation therapy, only temporarily alters the course of the lesion. With present technics the portals of irradiation are inadequate to prevent this lesion. PMID- 1110809 TI - Use of prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories in intrauterine fetal death and missed abortion. AB - Twenty patients with either missed abortions or intrauterine fetal death were induced with prostaglandin (PGE2) vaginal suppositories. The uterus is surprisingly responsive to PGE2 in cases of intrauterine death, yielding a short treatment-delivery interval. Blood coagulopathies which can develop after intrauterine death can be avoided through early diagnosis and treatment. Eighteen patients completely delivered and there were no serious complications. The remaining 2 patients required curettage. Side effects were mild in nature, consisting of occasional gastrointestinal symptoms. This method is now a standard procedure in cases of intrauterine fetal death and missed abortion at Yale-New Haven Medical Center. PMID- 1110810 TI - Letter: Spray adhesives. PMID- 1110811 TI - Letter: Urinary collection device. PMID- 1110812 TI - Letter: Use of Lomotil. PMID- 1110813 TI - Letter: Abortion laws in Hungary. PMID- 1110814 TI - Letter: Gonorrheal infection. PMID- 1110815 TI - Oxytocin challenge test in monitoring high-risk pregnancies. AB - Eighty-nine pregnancies, at risk for placental insufficiency, were monitored with serial oxytocin challenge tests (OCT) and estriol determinations on 24-hour urine collections. Intraamniotic catheters were used to accurately record intrauterine pressure in 63% of the tests; 114 of the 116 tests (98%) were adequate for interpretation. Thirteen positive tests were recorded; however, in only 2 cases did the positive OCT predict a dysmature-postmature infant when estriol determinations were normal. Prompt delivery following a positive OCT can significantly reduce the incidence of fetal wastage. PMID- 1110816 TI - Obstetric aspects of the Guillan-Barre syndrome. AB - Two additional cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome complicating pregnancy are reported and the 25 previously published cases reviewed. While fetal prognosis is generally favorable, the occurrence of the disease in late pregnancy is a high rish maternal condition. Respiratory failure and aspiration pneumonitis may result in premature labor and maternal mortality. PMID- 1110817 TI - Introduction of labor after intrauterine fetal death: A comparison between prostaglandin E2 and oxytocin. AB - Medical induction of labor was attempted in 30 women after intrauterine death of the fetus. Labor was induced in 15 patients with oxytocin and in an additional 15 patients with prostaglandin E2. The results suggest that prostaglandin has some advantage over oxytocin in these circumstances, and that prostaglandins may be especially useful in this difficult clinical situation. PMID- 1110818 TI - Suction curettage: therapeutic effectiveness in dysfunctional uterine bleeding. AB - A group of 60 patients between the ages of 30 and 45 were randomly selected to have either a suction curettage or dilatation and curettage. The criteria used for patient selection was that they had dysfunctional uterine bleeding, a normal gynecologic examination, and were receiving no hormonal therapy. These patients were followed up for at least 3 months. Although the number of patients is relatively small, the results showed that, therapeutically, suction curettage was equal to dilatation and curettage in alleviating dysfunctional uterine bleeding. PMID- 1110819 TI - Effect of PGF2alpha in pseudopregnancy. AB - Eleven normal female volunteers received human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) intramuscularly to induce a pseudopregnant state. Twenty-five milligrams of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) was administered intravenously at selected times during the luteal phase to demonstrate a luteolytic effect, or a local effect upon the endometrium producing early vaginal bleeding. Careful comparison of hormone levels and clinical details in these cycles showed that a) 1000 IU HCG daily does not consistently prolong the luteal phase; b) 2500 IU HCG daily does significantly prolong the luteal phase; c) HCG administration significantly increases progesterone and estradiol output in the treated luteal phase; d) prostaglandin administration at selected times during the luteal phase does not consistently decrease estradiol or progesterone output from the corpus luteum or induce early vaginal bleeding; e) prostaglandin F2alpha, a known stimulant of uterine contractility probably causes vaginal bleeding by mechanical means, as evidenced by show of menses in patients with progesterone levels elevated above normal; f) although variations in progesterone and estradiol output occurred during the hours of prostaglandin infusion, no consistent change was observed except for a compensatory rebound in progesterone output; g) prostaglandin F2alpha, in the dose utilized, is not a luteolytic agent. PMID- 1110820 TI - A new method of promoting fertility. AB - It has been demonstrated that in selected cases of subfertility in men, the first portion of the split ejaculate is superior to the specimen considered as a whole with regard to sperm density, sperm motility, and sperm morphology and also in those cases where there is increased seminal viscosity in the whole ejaculate. The use of a new coital technic, in which the husband practices coital withdrawal after the deposition of the better first portion of the ejaculate during the fertile time of the wife's cycle, has resulted in rapidly achieving pregnancy in many instances where the marriages had been barren for years. A documentation of 33 instances of pregnancy ascribed to this coital technic in the past 4 years, with detailed analyses of whole and split ejaculate semen, is presented. PMID- 1110821 TI - Effect of intrauterine device on histology of endometrium. AB - Endometrial biopsies were performed in asymptomatic IUD wearers on specific days of the menstrual cycle, and the histologic features were compared to those expected for the day of the cycle. Normal women who had endometrial biopsies performed as part of a sterility workup were used as controls. Endometrial asynchronism (defined as histologic delay or advance of 3 days or more) was observed in 33.5% of 113 biopsies performed on 79 women with IUD'S; 30% showed a delay in endometrial development during the secretory phase. Our findings give further support to those who claim that contraception with the IUD is not achieved through one single process but that a number of mechanisms are possible. Endometrial asynchronism may constitute one of such modes of action. PMID- 1110822 TI - Actinomycosis infections associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - A series of 10 instances of genital actinomycosis infection complicating the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices is recorded and its pathogenesis described. The likelihood is suggested that this complication is more frequent than is generally appreciated. A pathway of infection extending upward from the patient's anus, across the perineum, and up the vagina and cervix is suggested as the route of infection. The traumatizing effect of the device and a previously existing or intercurrent infection as additional contributing factors to the development of actinomycotic infection in the female genitalia is also postulated. PMID- 1110823 TI - The value of radiation therapy in uterine sarcoma. AB - Fifty-eight cases of leiomyosarcoma of the uterus and 47 endometrial sarcomas of the uterus are reviewed based on the pertinent information related to recurrence patterns. The following conclusions are made: 1) Cases of endometrial sarcoma should receive preoperative pelvic irradiation, or postoperative pelvic irradiation if a diagnosis is not made until the postoperative period. This plan will probably be of most benefit, if at all, in stage 1 disease. 2) A case for pelvic irradiation as an adjuvant to surgery in leiomyosarcoma cannot be made from a review of this material, either from a viewpoint of recurrence patterns or radio-responsiveness. PMID- 1110825 TI - Disappearance of serum progesterone: after normal delivery and removal of hydatidiform mole. AB - Serum progesterone was measured by competitive protein binding assay at regular intervals up to 24 hours after delivery in 4 normal pregnancies. In 6 cases of hydatidiform mole, serum progesterone was assayed before and at regular intervals up to 48 hours after uterine evacuation or hysterectomy. Serum progesterone dropped rapidly by more than 50% during the first hour postpartum, and it was less than 25% of the predelivery levels 24 hours after parturition. In all 6 cases of molar pregnancies, serum progesterone fell rapidly within the first few hours after uterine evacuation. In the presence of theca lutein cysts (2 cases), serum progesterone fell much more slowly than in the absence of theca lutein cysts after removal of the mole tissue. Serum progesterone was less than 5mg/ml after total hysterectomy of uterine evacuation in moles without theca lutein cysts. These findings suggest that while the placenta is the principal source of elevated serum progesterone in normal pregnancy, the molar trophoblast is the principal source of elevated serum progesterone in hydatidiform mole, with the theca lutein cysts making a contribution when they are present. PMID- 1110826 TI - Hydatidiform mole. PMID- 1110824 TI - Complications of dermoid tumors of the ovary. AB - There were 253 dermoid tumors of the ovary studied. Torsion of the pedicle with hemorrhagic infarction proved to be the most frequent complication; malignant change was the most lethal. Nine patients with malignant dermoid tumors, most of them with locally advanced disease, were treated with conservative surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. The longest known survivor lived 3 years; most patients died within a year. It was concluded that a more aggressive surgical approach might salvage some patients with locally advanced malignant disease. PMID- 1110827 TI - [Our experience with programmed deliveries]. PMID- 1110828 TI - [The use of ultrasonics in cardiology (echocardiography)]. PMID- 1110829 TI - [Teratoid tumors of the thorax]. PMID- 1110830 TI - [Dental enamel disorders in a child with hypophosphatasia]. PMID- 1110831 TI - [Simultaneous incidence of diabetes mellitus, cirrhotic hepatitis and 47, XX, 21+/46, XX chromosome picture]. PMID- 1110832 TI - [The effect of a 21-hour soccer game on the electrocardiogram, vectorcardiogram and ballistocardiogram]. PMID- 1110833 TI - [Powdered lysine-vasopressin (vasopressin spray) in the treatment of diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 1110834 TI - [Prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn by steroid therapy of the mother before delivery]. PMID- 1110835 TI - [Myocardial infarct in dextrocardia]. PMID- 1110836 TI - [Epidemiology of cancer in Hungary]. PMID- 1110837 TI - [First attempts at the foundation of a hospital library for patients at Pest]. PMID- 1110838 TI - [Letter: Brochodilation by anticholinergic agents]. PMID- 1110839 TI - [Adolescent rickets among school children at Gyor]. PMID- 1110840 TI - [Marker chromosome in myeloproliferative syndrome]. PMID- 1110841 TI - [The National Medical Library and Documentation Center and its services in 1975]. PMID- 1110842 TI - [Refractoriness to therapy in nephrotic syndrome in children. Part I. Response to adrenocorticoids in nephrotic syndrome in children]. PMID- 1110843 TI - [Refractoriness to therapy in nephrotic syndrome in children. Part III. Results of treatment in corticosteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children]. PMID- 1110844 TI - [Results of cyclophosphamide treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in children]. PMID- 1110845 TI - [Radioisotope determination of vitamin B-12 in children with acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1110846 TI - [Lung ventilatory efficiency in children following exudative pleuritis]. PMID- 1110847 TI - [Blastic transformation of venous blood lymphocytes in children with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 1110848 TI - [Damage to the sciatic nerve following intramuscular injections]. PMID- 1110849 TI - [Neoplasms in children up to the age of 14 in the Warsaw Province]. PMID- 1110850 TI - [Case of congenital chlorine diarrhea]. PMID- 1110851 TI - [Megaloblastic anemia of the Imerslund-Naiman-Grasbeck type]. PMID- 1110852 TI - [Refractoriness to therapy in nephrotic syndrome in children. Part II. Clinico morphological correlations in corticosteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children]. PMID- 1110853 TI - [Acute renal failure with metabolic acidosis and arterial hypertension in the course of burn illness]. PMID- 1110854 TI - [Use of Rickham's shunt in purulent cerebrospinal meningitis]. PMID- 1110855 TI - Pediatric education--for what? PMID- 1110856 TI - Enzymatic alterations in Reye's syndrome: prognostic implications. AB - Serial studies on serum enzyme and isoenzyme abnormalities in seven cases of Reye's syndrome were found to segregate patients into three categories of organ involvement. The patients with both extensive hepatic and previously unrecognized skeletal muscle involvement died despite therapeutic measures. The other two groups were characterized by enzyme and isoenzyme changes consistent with either predominantly muscular or hepatic involvement. The prognostic value of these abnormalities has been substantiated in subsequent cases of this syndrome. These findings suggest that those patients at greatest risk may be identified early, thus improving evaluation of the efficacy of specific therapeutic interventions in this disease. PMID- 1110857 TI - Macroglossia, transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth failure: a new distinct entity? AB - A newborn infant, small for her gestational age with macroglossia and transient insulinopenic diabetes mellitus is described. Two similar cases have been found in the literature. Flat glucose tolerance test results were found in the mother, the mechanism of which was not disclosed; there was no evidence of hyperinsulinism or malabsorption syndrome and the response of plasma growth hormone, and cortisol, and of urinary epinephrine to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was adequate. It is suggested that the triad of intrauterine growth retardation, macroglossia, and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus constitutes a distinct clinical entity. The link to the maternal abnormalities of carbohydrated homeostasis remains speculative. PMID- 1110858 TI - New pediatric male urinal. PMID- 1110860 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Pediatric Manpower and Committee on School Health. Concepts of school health programs. PMID- 1110859 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Statement on Reye's syndrome. PMID- 1110861 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infant and Preschool Child. Home monitoring for sudden infant death. PMID- 1110862 TI - Newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) occurs in about 1 of 3,000 to 4,000 boys. Laboratory evidence of the disease, notably elevated creatinephosphokinase (CPK), is present already in the newborn infant. Unspecific CPK elevation occurs in the newborn as well, yet disappears shortly thereafter, while in DMD patients the CPK remains high throughout infancy. A new method to reliably determine CPK in a drop of dried blood is described. The method fulfills the criteria given for a suitable screening method in the newborn infant. Although DMD is an incurable disease, early diagnosis has benefits. The latter include early beginning of supportive treatment and particularly recognition of heterozygous carriers of the mutant gene before other affected children are born in a stricken family. It is proposed to adopt the method as a new screening procedure for male newborn infants. PMID- 1110863 TI - Comment on rubella controversy. PMID- 1110864 TI - Prevention of rubella. PMID- 1110866 TI - Biliary atresia. PMID- 1110865 TI - Endogenous and exogenous insulin responses in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Eight male patients with cystic fibrosis, normal nutrition, normal physical activity, relatively mild pulmonary disease, no evidence of liver disease and no family history of diabetes mellitus underwent a series of carbohydrate tolerance tests in comparison with a group of 18 normal male subjects matched for age and body weight. Compared with the normal group, the patients with cystic fibrosis had significantly impaired glucose tolerance and significantly lower serum immunoreactive insulin levels during oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests; serum insulin levels were also significantly lower after intravenous administration of tolbutamide in the patients with cystic fibrosis, but the reduction in blood glucose concentration in each group was not significantly different. During an intravenous insulin test, the decrease in blood glucose concentration was the same for both groups, in spite of significantly lower serum insulin levels in the patients with cystic fibrosis .The percentage fall in plasma free fatty acids was at least as great in the patients with cystic fibrosis as in normals during the test procedures; while a significant decrease in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen after intravenously administered insulin was seen only in the patients with cystic fibrosis. These studies suggest that the carbohydrate intolerance of cystic fibrosis is consequent upon an impaired insulin response to glucose, but that this insulin deficiency is partly compensated for by increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin. PMID- 1110868 TI - Biliary atresia and the Kasai operation. PMID- 1110867 TI - Recurrent acute pancreatitis in patients with cystic fibrosis with normal pancreatic enzymes. AB - Ten adolescent and young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) have had well documented recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis. The diagnosis of CF in each patient was delayed because they did not have pancreatic insufficiency. The diagnosis of CF was documented by the typical pulmonary involvement and elevated sweat sodium and chloride levels in all cases and a positive family history in six of the ten patients. Two patients were diagnosed as having acute pancreatitis before the diagnosis of CF was made, thus indicating that acute pancreatitis may be the presenting complaint in the young adult with CF. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was based on the presence of severe abdominal pain, usually with vomiting, tenderness in the mid-epigastrium, elevated serum and urinary amylase and serum lipase. Attacks were precipitated by fatty meals, alcohol ingestion; postcholecystectomy and tetracycline administration. In some patients no precipitating event could be elicited. Intravenous secretin-pancreozymin stimulation tests revealed a diminished bicarbonate secretion with little effect on the secretion of the zymogen enzymes. A mild attack of pancreatitis occurred after secretin-pancreozymin stimulation. The endocrine pancreatic function tested in four patients was normal as revealed by the glucose tolerance tests and determinations of serum insulin, growth hormone and free fatty acid. Transduodenal pancreatograms were performed in three patients; one showed a normal pancreatic duct, one showed duct obstruction and in the third patient a beady type of narrowing was found. The selenomethionine Se 75 uptake of the pancreas was noted only in the head of the pancreas. This suggests that loss of function occurs initially to a greater extent in the tail and body of the pancreas. Three patients died and showed characteristic lesions of CF. PMID- 1110870 TI - Editorial: Facing the facts. PMID- 1110871 TI - Nursing care study: acute hypomania. PMID- 1110869 TI - Cystic fibrosis: comparison of two mucolytic drugs for inhalation treatment (acetylcysteine and arginine hydrochloride). AB - Clinical, bronchoscopic, spirographic, scintigraphic, and chemical analyses were done in 24 children with cystic fibrosis to assess the mucolytic effects of acetylcysteine inhalations versus L-arginine hydrochloride aerosols. The latter drug is less active than acetylcysteine and should not be used to treat children with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1110872 TI - Scabies. PMID- 1110873 TI - Pain in the chest. 2. Clinical presentation of coronary heart disease. PMID- 1110874 TI - Psychological problems of intensive care. 1. PMID- 1110875 TI - Nursing care study: a baby with an abdominal wound healing problem. PMID- 1110877 TI - Doping in sport. PMID- 1110876 TI - Accident department on wheels. PMID- 1110878 TI - Sporting times. PMID- 1110879 TI - The elderly dropout. PMID- 1110880 TI - Nor more '74. PMID- 1110881 TI - Talking point: keeping all options open. PMID- 1110882 TI - New town blues. PMID- 1110883 TI - Nursing care study: who will help him now? PMID- 1110884 TI - Terminal care and the special nursing unit. PMID- 1110885 TI - Liquid food for obstetric patients. PMID- 1110886 TI - Psychological problems of intensive care. 2. PMID- 1110888 TI - Drama as therapy for the psychopathic personality. PMID- 1110887 TI - Diverticular disease. PMID- 1110889 TI - The concept of a therapeutic community. PMID- 1110890 TI - The anti-therapeutic community. PMID- 1110891 TI - Coping with emotions. PMID- 1110892 TI - Fire precaution methods in hospitals. PMID- 1110893 TI - Postoperative pulmonary collapse. PMID- 1110894 TI - Nursing care study: placental transfusion syndrome. PMID- 1110895 TI - Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 1110896 TI - Use or abuse? PMID- 1110897 TI - Antibiotics: agricultural methods. PMID- 1110898 TI - Closing the communications gap. PMID- 1110899 TI - Complaints in geriatric hospitals. PMID- 1110901 TI - Naught for your comfort. PMID- 1110900 TI - Epilepsy and environment. PMID- 1110902 TI - Editorial: Raising the alarm. PMID- 1110904 TI - Follow the sun: the nurse's life afloat. PMID- 1110903 TI - 1984 and after,. PMID- 1110905 TI - Nursing care study: Mary says she hasn't got a brain. PMID- 1110906 TI - Pain in the face. PMID- 1110907 TI - Is the prestigious teaching hospital in the Third World a disaster? PMID- 1110909 TI - Talking point: chained to the rock. PMID- 1110908 TI - Three years on. PMID- 1110910 TI - Nursing care study: a gift from Karin. PMID- 1110911 TI - Anorexia nervosa. PMID- 1110912 TI - Urinary collecting device. A clinical trial among female geriatric patients. PMID- 1110913 TI - Talipes. 1. Anatomy of the foot. PMID- 1110914 TI - The importance of team work in geriatric care. PMID- 1110916 TI - Nutrition and the microbes of the digestive tract. PMID- 1110915 TI - Tropical medicine for the health team. PMID- 1110917 TI - The need for hospices. PMID- 1110918 TI - Visiting groups: blessing or curse? PMID- 1110919 TI - Episodic blindness. PMID- 1110920 TI - Nursing care study: congenital absence of vagina. PMID- 1110921 TI - Nursing care study: tetanus. PMID- 1110922 TI - Talipes. 2. Clinical features of talipes equinovarus. PMID- 1110923 TI - Immediate care of the healthy neonate. PMID- 1110924 TI - It's my week for the doll. PMID- 1110925 TI - Management courses--are they a waste of time? PMID- 1110926 TI - Wastage among student and trained nurses. PMID- 1110927 TI - New life for MacTavish. PMID- 1110928 TI - [Acid-base metabolism in acute ethanol intoxication in young and middle-aged males]. PMID- 1110929 TI - [Measurement of adipose tissue thickness by means of the ultrasound method]. PMID- 1110930 TI - [Values of mean erythema-producing doses of solar radiation in health-subjects and diabetics]. PMID- 1110931 TI - [Preleukemic conditions presenting as failure of bone marrow tissue]. PMID- 1110932 TI - [Effect of sanatorium rehabilitation on effort tolerance in patients following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1110933 TI - [Pulmonary embolism as a complication of thoracotomy]. PMID- 1110934 TI - [2 cases of aortic hypoplasia]. PMID- 1110935 TI - [Blood lipids in newborn infants and their mothers. An attempt at an early diagnosis of primary hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 1110936 TI - [Plasma cortisol concentration and adrenal reserve in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 1110937 TI - [Psoriasis and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 1110938 TI - [Sensitivity of Candida strains isolated from bile to some antifungal antiobiotics from the polyene group]. PMID- 1110939 TI - [Fucose concentration in blood of patients with laryngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 1110940 TI - [Cardiac dynamics in acute stage of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1110941 TI - [Local epidemic of typhoid fever in the Opole Province in 1973]. PMID- 1110942 TI - [Factors inhibiting bleeding from wounds following cervical erosion electrocoagulation and preventing development of bands and follicales on cervical disk]. PMID- 1110943 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in renal carcinoma]. PMID- 1110944 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of congenital heart disease coexisting with severe extensive pulmonary hemosiderosis and hypochromic anemia]. PMID- 1110945 TI - [Renal hemodynamics in polycythemia vera and chronic anemia]. PMID- 1110946 TI - [A baby's cot]. PMID- 1110947 TI - [Effect of sanatorium rehabilitation on blood pressure in patients following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1110948 TI - [Uteroplacental appoplexy]. PMID- 1110949 TI - [Correlation of results of quantative urine analysis by the Hoeprich method and by the dip method using the Uricult set]. PMID- 1110950 TI - [Immunosuppressive treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 1110951 TI - [Clinical evauation of Oxacillin Polfa]. PMID- 1110952 TI - [Prostaglandins in inflammatory reactions]. PMID- 1110953 TI - [Activity of the adrenergic system in chronic circulatory failure]. PMID- 1110954 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of multiple developmental anomalies in children]. PMID- 1110955 TI - [Agglutination titer of isoagglutinins in blood serum in cases of malignant neoplasms following zymosan stimulation]. PMID- 1110956 TI - [Peripheral blood flow in hyperthyroidism measured with tissue clearance of Xe 133 with and without beta adrenergic blockade]. PMID- 1110957 TI - [General aspects on tuberculosis in Switzerland a) tuberculosis in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 1110958 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of "Protein" in burn shock]. PMID- 1110959 TI - [Transfusion therapy in the overall treatment of burn exhaustion in children]. PMID- 1110960 TI - [Use of antistaphylococcal polyglobulin and antistaphylococcal plasma on children with various staphylococcal diseases]. PMID- 1110961 TI - [Use of antistaphylococcal plasma in treating the infectious allergic form of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1110962 TI - [Comparative characteristics of blood prepared with No. 12 and 76 preservatives]. PMID- 1110963 TI - [Effect of blood transfusion on hemostatic activity and the functional state of the liver after its resection]. PMID- 1110965 TI - [Characteristics of the functional state of the nuclear erythroid precursors in young children suffering from iron-deficiency anemia]. PMID- 1110964 TI - [Effect of blood transfusion on organ-tissue metabolism]. PMID- 1110966 TI - [Reactions of children with allergic diseases to the transfusion of blood and its components]. PMID- 1110967 TI - [Use of transfusion media in operations with artificial circulation]. PMID- 1110968 TI - Electron degradation spectra in helium. PMID- 1110969 TI - Radiosensitivity of the arenicolous lizard, Uma notata. PMID- 1110970 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in three successive cell cycles of Wallabia bicolor leukocytes after tritiated thymidine incorporation. PMID- 1110971 TI - Microvasculature of C3H/Bi mouse mammary tumors after x-irradiation. PMID- 1110972 TI - Letter: A comparison of the radiation sensitivities of thymic and thoracic duct lymphocytes. PMID- 1110973 TI - Energy distribution of secondary electrons. I. Consistency of experimental data. PMID- 1110974 TI - Influence of adrenalectomy on radiation hypertension and nephrosclerosis. PMID- 1110975 TI - Tests of two electron-affinic radiosensitizers in vivo using regrowth of an experimental carcinoma. PMID- 1110976 TI - The effect of ionizing radiation on protein metabolism in stored rat skin. PMID- 1110977 TI - Plutonium-induced popliteal lymphadenitis in beagles. PMID- 1110978 TI - Radiation-induced binding of OH-substituted aromatic amino acids, tyrosine and dopa, mutually and with albumin in aqueous solution. PMID- 1110979 TI - Optical properties of chloroplasts and red blood cells in the vacuum uv. PMID- 1110980 TI - Preparation and photochemical properties of strand-specific 5-bromouracil substituted lambda phage. PMID- 1110981 TI - The effect of ionizing radiation on lipid metabolism in bone marrow cells. PMID- 1110982 TI - Clinical practice--improving instruction and evaluating performance. AB - The cardiac glycoside, ouabain, normally kills HeLa cells at concentrations of about 10-7 M or greater. By treating a population of HeLa cells with increasingly higher concentrations of the drug, a variant population was obtained of HeLa cells capable of growing in medium containing 10 minus 4 M ouabain. Inhibition of volume regulation of cells subjected to hypotonic shock was used as a measure of inhibition of active transport of Na across the plasma membrane. In that way dose response curves for the rapid effects of ouabain and other inhibitors of active Na transport were obtained with both the original, ouabain-sensitive (OS) and the variant, ouabain-resistant (OR) cells. Three other cardiac glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin and hellebrin) and two aglycones (digitoxigenin and strophanthidin) were found to be equally as effective as ouabain in inhibiting volume regulation of the OS cells; the concentration which produced half-maximum inhibition, I(max/2), was about 6 X 10 minus 7 M in each case. Similar inhibition of the OR population by ouabain was observed only when the concentration exceeded 10 minus 4 M [I(max/2)2.5 X 10 minus 4 M], and the other steroid compounds had no effect on the variant cells at the highest concentrations tested (2 X 10 minus 5 M). OR and OS cells differed also in their sensitivities to the cardioactive erythrophleum alkaloid, coumingine; I(max/2) for OS and OR cells was 5 X 10 minus 8 M and 6 X 10 minus 7 M, respectively. These results, in addition to results of ouabain binding experiments and measurements of the rates of reversal of inhibition of volume regulation, suggest that a major reason for the differential sensitivities of the two phenotypes to these drugs is different affinities of their sodium pumps for inhibitors of active transport. PMID- 1110983 TI - Use of cornmeal bolus as an aid in obtaining cranial four-vessel angiograms. AB - In cranial angiography it has always been difficult to visualize extracranial vessels of the cervico-thoracic region, upon one radiograph, by using the same exposure factors for both regions. For this reason, we experimented and found that by applying a dry cornmeal bolus on specific areas of the neck a technically superior radiograph of these regions can be achieved. This bolus simulated added soft tissue to the cervical region. The density of the cervical region is now similar to that of the upper thoracic. As a result, factors set for one exposure will adequately penetrate both areas. PMID- 1110984 TI - Collective bargaining for radiologic technologists: organizational vehicles. AB - This is the second in a series of articles written by members of the professional affairs committee of The American Society of Radiologic Technologists. The first article alluded to the analogy of a person who was learning to drive vis-a-vis a person who was learning about collective bargaining. The article suggested that the first step might be to study the rules of the road and in this context discussed briefly some of the federal laws that affect the collective bargaining relationship between employees and their employers. In this article, the analogy is carried still further in a discussion of the various types of organizations or groups that could be used for bargaining purposes. PMID- 1110986 TI - Workout for minification system in hospital situation. PMID- 1110985 TI - New approach to positioning for lumbosacral junction in lateral projection. PMID- 1110987 TI - Oranges and ulcers. PMID- 1110988 TI - Early clinical experience with the ACTA scanner. AB - An alternative method of computed tomography has been devised employing a new instrument, the ACTA scanner. This is a total-body scanner which permits study of virtually all body parts, since a water medium is not employed. Early clinical experience with this new method is discussed, and normal and pathological scans are presented. PMID- 1110989 TI - Plain film recognition of the ligamentum teres hepatis. AB - A radiolucent linear shadow can be seen on plain radiographs in the right upper quadrant of 30% of patients. The surface anatomy of the liver and its associated ligaments were studied in the cadaver, clinically, and in surgical patients to determine the cause of this shadow. From these studies it is concluded that the shadow is cast by the fat that normally surrounds the ligamentum teres hepatis. The soft-tissue "mass" that the fat shadow demarcates should not be interpreted as a pathological process. PMID- 1110990 TI - Peripheral vision, structured noise and film reader error. AB - The ability of film readers to detect a nodular target abnormality with the peripheral vision was studied using a gray structureless background, chest radiographs with a bilateral pneumothorax and chest radiographs with pulmonary vasculature. Peripheral detection of the nodular abnormality was profoundly decreased by the presence of the normal structures even though the nodule properties such as size and contrast were not different and, in the case of the pneumothorax, the nodules did not overlap normal structures. Structured noise is an important and often neglected variable in studies of visual search, film reader error and image processing in radiology. PMID- 1110991 TI - Retrograde pancreatic venography. An experimental study. AB - To explore the feasibility of retrograde pancreatic venography, transhepatic portal catherization via jugular and hepatic veins was performed in 10 dogs. Coaxially introduced catheters were then used to enter individual pancreatic veins for retrograde venography. Appropriate injection technique led to detailed visualization of the pancreatic venous system without anatomically evident injury to the pancreas. The (readily avoidable) injection of contrast agent through catheters wedged into pancreatic veins caused parenchymal extravasation and hemorrhagic pancreatitis. The detection of pancreatic cancer in patients not approachable by arteriography and the intensified search for small islet cell tumors are possible indications for pancreatic venography when the safety of this method is further demonstrated. PMID- 1110992 TI - The use of prostaglandin E1 to enhance the angiographic visualization of the splanchnic circulation. AB - Superior mesenteric angiograms were obtained in a series of dogs before and again after the injection of a 1-ml bolus of prostaglandin E1 (0.1-1.0 mug/kg) through the angiographic catheter. The prostaglandin E1 produced, on the average, a 100% increase in the superior mesenteric arterial blood flow with only minimal changes in the heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, and portal venous pressure. Opacification of the portal venous system was consistently enhanced after the prostaglandin E1. The arterial phase was preserved by increasing the rate of contrast administration. PMID- 1110993 TI - The value of the pulmonary-artery-seeking catheter in percutaneous selective pulmonary arteriography. AB - Selective catheterization of the main pulmonary artery via the percutaneous route using a pulmonary-artery-seeking catheter was successful in 98.4% of 122 consecutive pulmonary angiographic studies in 114 patients. Complications were comparable to those encountered in other studies. Myocardial perforation, a frequently reported complication, did not occur, a factor attributed to the "pigtail" design of the catheter. This catheter was found to offer a distinct advantage in performing percutaneous selective pulmonary arteriography. PMID- 1110994 TI - Role of the coronary collateral circulation in the preservation of left ventricular function. AB - An angiographic assessment of the coronary arteries, the presence and quality of arterial collateralization and segmental left ventricular (LV) wall motion indicated that (a) in the presence of total or subtotal obstruction of a coronary artery, there was a significantly higher incidence of normal motion (p less than 0.001) if the segment of LV wall was supplied by good rather than poor collaterals, and (b) normal wall motion with good arterial collateralization was not associated with abnormal Q waves. It is concluded that a positive correlation exists between the quality of collateral filling and the preservation of LV wall motion in the area supplied. PMID- 1110995 TI - Bone fragmentation in the rheumatoid wrist: radiographic and pathologic considerations. AB - A peculiar pattern of bone fragmentation of the wrist was noted in 16% of 50 rheumatoid patients. This involved erosion of the navicular, distal radius and ulna, carpal fusion, demineralization, and the presence of an elongated bony spicule overlying the radiocarpal joint. Additional examples were found in rheumatoid cadavers. Pathogenesis of the alteration was not entirely clear although contributing factors included extensive pannus proliferation, osseous compression and fracture. The fate of the detached spicules, their relationship to "fistulous rheumatism", and the differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 1110996 TI - Hemophilia-like arthropathy of the knee associated with cutaneous and synovial hemangiomas. Report of 3 cases and review of the literature. AB - Three patients with cutaneous and/or synovial hemangiomas demonstrated roentgenographic alterations in the knees, simulating hemophilic arthropathy. In 2 cases, unilateral synovial hemangiomas appeared to be present; in the third patient, who had bilateral abnormalities, the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome was evident, resulting in a consumption coagulopathy and hemorrhagic tendency. The pathogenesis of this unusual arthropathy is discussed. PMID- 1110997 TI - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: a rare cause of destructive polyarthritis. AB - A case is described of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis or lipid dermatoarthritis with early radiographic findings of subchondral erosions of the distal interphalangeal joint space, more marked that the erosions of the proximal interphalangeal joint space. The clinical and pathologic findings are reviewed. PMID- 1110998 TI - A case of Lipoatrophic diabetes. AB - A case of lipoatrophic diabetes with atypical biochemical and radiological features is presented. Scattered areas of increased radiodensity in the region of all major joints were associated with cystic changes at the shoulders. It is postulated that this condition varies from patient to patient in severity as well as in course and progression. PMID- 1110999 TI - Radiographic changes in the sacroiliac joints in familial Mediterranean fever. AB - In a series of 43 patients with familial Mediterranean fever, six were found to have radiographic changes in the sacroiliac joints consisting of loss of normal cortical definition, sclerosis on both sides of the joint with or without erosions, and fusion. These changes were noted despite the absence of clinically symptomatic joint disease. The explanation for these findings is unknown. PMID- 1111000 TI - The fascicles of the lateral meniscus: an anatomic-arthrographic correlation. AB - A model of the normal anatomy of the capsular attachments of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus is developed based upon anatomic dissections. The term "fascicles" is applied to the delicate bands of connective tissue which join the posterior lateral meniscus to the joint capsule around the popliteal synovial sheath. The normal anatomic arrangement is illustrated with double contrast arthrograms. Abnormalities of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus are then demonstrated, emphasizing disturbances of attachment around the popliteal sheath. PMID- 1111001 TI - A new dwarfing syndrome with extreme shortening of humeri and severe coxa vara. AB - A previously undescribed form of short-limbed dwarfism is reported in an 86-year old man. All the long bones were shorter than normal, with extreme shortening of the humeri. Other features included dysplastic humeral heads, coxa vara with dysplasia of the femoral heads and acetabula, platybasia, and small vertebral bodies. In all other respects, including intelligence, the patient was normal for his age. PMID- 1111002 TI - Intraosseous lipoma of the coccyx. Report of a case. AB - A case of benign intraosseous lipoma in the form of an expansile, non-radiolucent lesion of the distal coccyx is reported. Bony detail was completely obliterated. The anterior and posterior cortical margins were markedly thin and in places appeared eroded. PMID- 1111003 TI - Excretory urographic localization of adrenal cortical tumors and pheochromocytomas. AB - An excretory urographic evaluation of 124 surgically proved adrenal tumors comprising 65 pheochromocytomas, 36 cortical adenomas and 23 cortical carcinomas is reported. The addition of linear tomography improved the diagnostic accuracy over conventional excretory urography. All types of tomographic examinations demonstrated at least 70% of adrenal tumors. Excretory urographic procedures are relatively safe, simple and economical and should be used as the initial step in attempting to localize clinically suspected and chemically diagnosed adrenal tumors. PMID- 1111004 TI - Dural fluid collections in infants and children. A successful nuclear medical approach. AB - The authors describe their experience in 94 cases of dural fluid collections. The correct diagnosis was made in 94%, which is attributed to (a) including radionuclide angiography and both an immediate and a two- to four-hour delayed scan for every patient undergoing brain studies, (b) a high index of suspicion, and (c) simultaneous interpretation of the scan and the skull film. The false positive rate was 10%, as shown by cerebral angiography. PMID- 1111005 TI - Sequential brain scanning as an adjunctive scanning procedure. AB - Sequential brain scans were performed at various time intervals of up to four hours after injection of 99mTc pertechnetate in 108 patients who had previously undergone "routine" one-hour brain scans which were considered normal or equivocal. Forty-six patients were proved to have a discrete morphologic brain lesion. Pathologic processes were demonstrated by the sequential scanning technique in all but 6 cases. In nearly a third of these 46 patients (28%), careful observation of the progressive and subtle changes in radioactivity in the whole sequential scan series was necessary for detection of the lesions: they could not be appreciated on any single static scan when viewed independently. PMID- 1111006 TI - Detection of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy of skeletal imaging with 99mTc-labeled diphosphonate. AB - In two patients with carcinoma of the lung, abnormal findings on skeletal imaging using 99mTc-diphosphonate correctly suggested the diagnosis of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, which was later confirmed radiographically. A scintigraphic pattern of abnormal tracer localization distinguishes this benign condition of bone from bony metastases. PMID- 1111007 TI - Bifurcation of the portal vein appearing as a focal defect on the liver image. AB - A focal defect was seen on a gamma camera image of the liver in 2 patients, a 52 year-old woman with abdominal pain and a 46-year-old woman with pancytopenia. Liver function was normal, and no tumor stain was seen. Angiography revealed that the "defect" was in reality the bifurcation of the portal vein. These findings re emphasize the importance of visceral angiography as a complement to radionuclide imaging in the study of liver disease. PMID- 1111008 TI - Splenic mobility and its effect on estimates of splenic mass. AB - In 47 patients the posterior radionuclide views of the spleen in supine and prone positions were evaluated for difference in splenic contour and calculated splenic weight as the patient's position was changed from supine to prone. A significant change in splenic contour was found in almost 50% of the cases. Values for the mass of the spleen varied by a mean of 36% with a range of plus 195 to minus 79%. The differences are attributed primarily to changes in the position of the spleen and liver within the abdomen. PMID- 1111009 TI - Effect of collimator motion on image quality in nuclear medicine. AB - To investigate the quality of gamma camera images obtained with moving collimators, a group of collimators was constructed which could be rotated or sinusoidally oscillated in two dimensions. The date indicate a broadening effect on images in the direction of collimator motion. Moving the collimator during imaging will reduce septal aberrations but will not increase resolution. PMID- 1111010 TI - Congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformation with anomalous pulmonary artery. AB - The authors present a case of congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformation with pulmonary artery blood supply and pulmonary venous drainage in a five-month old boy. PMID- 1111011 TI - Arachnoid cyst of the internal auditory canal producing facial paralysis in a three-year-old child. AB - The case of a three-year-old child with facial paralysis due to a lesion within the internal auditory canal is reported. Radiographic studies delineated and localized the mass which proved to be an arachnoid cyst. The etiology and differential diagnosis of facial paralysis in children are discussed and correlated with facial nerve anatomy. PMID- 1111012 TI - Effect of focal spot distribution on blood vessel imaging in magnification radiography. AB - From a computer simulation study of blood vessel imaging with uniform, triangular, gaussian, and twin gaussian line spread functions (LSF) corresponding to various focal spot distributions, it is found that vessel images magnified less than 6 times are not strongly dependent upon the focal spot distributions when the size of the focal spot is equal to or smaller than the vessel diameter. When the focal spot is larger than the vessel, image distributions vary appreciably with focal spot distributions, except at low magnification. It is concluded that, in many practical cases, the focal spot distribution does not seriously affect magnified image distributions of blood vessels. PMID- 1111013 TI - Longitudinal magnification in radiologic images of thick objects: a new concept in magnification radiography. AB - New concepts which are useful for evaluating image resolution and distortion in magnification radiography are introduced. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that "longitudinal magnification" defined as the ratio of the magnified image size to the conventional image size for objects located in a plane perpendicular to the film, is given approximately by the square of the conventional magnification. Resolution in the radiographically magnified image of such objects is much higher than that obtained by optical magnification. This is confirmed experimentally by radiographs of square-wave test objects. The related image distortion is also discussed. PMID- 1111014 TI - The evaluation of high-speed screen-film combinations in angiography. AB - Various high-speed screen-film combinations were evaluated to compare increase in speed, loss of resolution, and increase in radiographic mottle. Results indicate that the rare-earth film-screen system is the fastest and has a higher x-ray absorption efficiency. The Kodax X-Omatic screen has the greater resolving power but is slower than the high-speed calcium tungstate system. A smaller focal spot can be used with the fast speed of the rare-earth system to increase resolution. PMID- 1111015 TI - The cutoff characteristics of rotating grids. AB - The cutoff characteristics of rotating grids are qualitatively and quantitatively different from those of comparable stationary grids. Rotating grids focus to a point in space so lateral decentering occurs in all directions from the central axis of the grid. Consequently, they cannot be used for oblique radiographic techniques. For any type or amount of decentering, cutoff is approximately one third less for rotating grids. PMID- 1111016 TI - Selective catheterization of the portal vein and its tributaries. Preliminary report. AB - The portal vein and its tributaries were selectively catheterized in 90 patients. Only one complication required surgery. This technique not only provides information about the status of the portal circulation and liver parenchyma but can also be used in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices by selective embolization of autologous clots or inert material. PMID- 1111017 TI - Antegrade spermatic vein phlebography in testicular tumors. A preliminary report. AB - Phlebography of the spermatic veins may yield valuable information about metastases from testicular tumors. Retrograde venous injection of contrast medium is not always possible but the antegrade approach performed in connection with orchidectomy was successful in all of the 5 cases attempted. If funicular lymphography is performed in connection with the removal of the testis, spermatic vein phlebography may be added with a minimum of additional effort. Whenever orchidectomy for malignant testicular tumor is planned, the possible value of additional diagnostic information from spermatic vein phlebography should be considered. PMID- 1111018 TI - Scintigraphy of breast masses. AB - Patients undergoing bone scintigraphy or about to have breast surgery were studied with either 99mTc-polyphosphate or 99mTc-diphosphonate. Seven of 8 patients with carcinoma demonstrated a focal area of increased uptake. The 9 controls, who were clinically free of breast disease, had normal images. In the benign group, increased uptake was seen in patients with gynecomastia, lactating breasts, or acute inflammation. Most patients showed correlation with mammography and thermography. PMID- 1111020 TI - The use of ROC curves in testing the proficiency of individuals in classifying pneumoconiosis. AB - During a test of the ability to classify the profusion characteristics of pneumoconiosis recorded in chest radiographs, a constant decision criterion level needs to be maintained or false conclusions regarding the observer's receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve may result. PMID- 1111019 TI - Bedside pulmonary arteriography. AB - A new technique of bedside pulmonary arteriography is described, in which small volumes of contrast material are injected manually in order to obtain segmental arteriograms in patients who are too ill to undergo conventional pulmonary angiography. This method is safe and effective and can provide information which is useful in the management of certain critically ill patients. PMID- 1111021 TI - A laser localizer light for tomographic positioning. AB - The use of a wall-mounted laser localizer light which improves the speed and precision of positioning for fixed-fulcrum tomographic equipment is described. Unproductive scout films are eliminated. PMID- 1111022 TI - Computed tomography: immobilization of the head by dental holder. AB - Movement of the patient's head during computed tomographic studies with the EMI scanner causes some degradation of the quality of the examination. With sufficient movement, major artifacts appear which may obscure intracranial pathology. A simple method of head fixation, utilizing a dental mold, greatly reduces the incidence of unsatisfactory scans. PMID- 1111023 TI - The coming crisis in radiological manpower--shortage? AB - The 1966 NACOR Report spurred such a sharp growth in numbers of radiologists that today there is concern about an oversupply. Considering all the factors involved- panic reaction to an undocumented "surplus", sharp diminution of the residents in the training pool, and potantial massive increases in demand for radiological services--the authors believe it not unreasonable to anticipate a real shortage of radiologists in the near future. Any deliberate activity at the present time to reduce the output of radiologists in this country would seem premature and potentially disatrous. PMID- 1111024 TI - [Treatment of some skin diseases with immunosuppressive drugs]. PMID- 1111025 TI - [Treatment of lichen amyloidosus with Locasalen ointment under occlusive dressings]. PMID- 1111026 TI - [Laboratory and oligobioptic liver examination in psoriatic patients]. PMID- 1111027 TI - [Effect of 6-mercaptopurine on experimental contact dermatitis in guinea pigs]. PMID- 1111028 TI - [Repeated hospitalization of patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 1111029 TI - [The unheated serum reagin test (USR) test in the serology of syphilis]. PMID- 1111030 TI - [Analysis of patients with positive results of patch tests with paraphenylendiamine]. PMID- 1111031 TI - [An analysis of injuries caused by irradiation of keloid with roentgen]. PMID- 1111032 TI - [Pustulosis subcornealis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease)]. PMID- 1111033 TI - [Psoriasis plantaris et palmaris pustulosa cum alopecia circumspecta capillitii]. PMID- 1111034 TI - [Criteria for an objective clinical appraisal of steroid preparations for topical administration]. PMID- 1111035 TI - [Low-molecular dextran (40,000) in the treatment of scleroderma]. PMID- 1111036 TI - [Results of prolonged treatment of diffuse scleroderma with 6-mercaptopurine]. PMID- 1111037 TI - [Rimactan and ethambutol in the treatment of skin tuberculosis]. PMID- 1111038 TI - [Genocide and the psychology of guilt]. PMID- 1111039 TI - [Concentration camps problems studied by American psychiatrists]. PMID- 1111040 TI - [Psychopathology of guilt in Nazi war criminals]. PMID- 1111041 TI - [After a quarter of a century]. PMID- 1111042 TI - [Denial of human rights (reflections of a physician-inmate)]. PMID- 1111043 TI - [Results of gynecologic examinations of former women inmates living in Koszalin]. PMID- 1111044 TI - Rehabilitation with deaf people: four models for facilitating service delivery. PMID- 1111045 TI - Work samples: another way. PMID- 1111046 TI - Editorial: We've come a long way, baby!. PMID- 1111047 TI - Treatment of adult acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 1111048 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay. In diagnosis and management of cancer. PMID- 1111049 TI - Individual and society in biomedical progress. PMID- 1111050 TI - Evaluation of peripheral vascular disease using radioactive Xenon. PMID- 1111051 TI - Carcinoid tumors of the rectum: experience with 38 cases. PMID- 1111052 TI - The Mustard procedure for transposition of the great vessels. PMID- 1111053 TI - An improved inexpensive method of restraint for the formation of stress ulcers in the rat. PMID- 1111054 TI - [Differences in the effect on hypoxia and anoxia of the CNS produced by chlorprotixen during ontogeny (author's transl)]. AB - In the present paper the author describes the influence of the psychopharmaceutical preparation Chlorprotixen on the response of the CNS to stagnation anoxia (positive radial acceleration 10 g) and aerogenic hypoxia (15 000 m) in the course of ontogeny of the rat. Chlorprotixen increases the resistance to high altitude hypoxia, while it reduces the resistance to anoxia. The greatest differences were observed in the youngest animals. PMID- 1111055 TI - [Isotonic contraction and contracture of the isolated right rat ventricle. Effect of La3+, prenylamine, ATP, Mg2+ (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The isolated right rat ventricle was immersed in Tyrode solution (25) ml) and stimulated electrically at a frequency of 60/min. Changes in the amplitude of isotonic contractions and contractures were assessed. 2. Isotonic contractions were reduced (after Prenylamine, ATP, Mg), or suppressed (by LaCl3 = 10 mM). Contracture was caused by Prenylamine (4 mg/25 ml Tyrode solution or more). 3. Addition of 100 mM KCl (NaCl reduced equimolarily to 37 mM did not influence contracture in the presence of the investigated substances with the exception of MgCl2 = 10 to 15mM, where only the rate of development of potassium contracture was reduced. 4. After previous immersion of the tissue in the presence of LaCl3 - 10 mM and Prenylamine 1-4 mg/25 ml Tyrode solution the contracture developed after removal of NaCl (substitution by sucrose 270 mM), which, however, declined after addition of NaCl only when previously treated with Prenylamine and not when treated with La. 5. Addition of 100 mM KCl (naCl reduced to 37 mM) after previous immersion of the tissue in the presence of the investigated substances caused contracture the rate of rise of which was smaller after La than in controls: after the remaining substances it did not differ. 6. Reduction of the contracture after reduction of KCl from 100 to 5.6 mM developed only after previous immersion of the tissue in the presence of ATP and Mg and not after previous immersion in the presence of Prenylamine and La. 7. The results are compared with biochemical findings. They suggest a shift of contractile Ca in the heart. PMID- 1111056 TI - [Association of thyroxine with subcellular fractions of rat liver and adenohypophysis in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - After incubation of thyroxine (T4) labelled with 125I with liver and adenohypophysial homogenate and differential centrifuging into the "nuclear" fraction (600 g), "mitochondrial" (10 000 g), "microsomal" (105 000 g) fraction and cytosol the authors found a marked preference of association of T4 with mitochondria of rat adenohypophyses; the mitochondrial fraction of rat liver was not preferred. The effect of oestrogens was manifested in addition to the usual increase in weight of the adenohypophysis by increased binding of thyroxine with proteins of adenohypophysial mitochondria of oestrogen-treated animals. In liver this effect was lacking. Subfractionation of mitochondria into a membranous and soluble fraction revealed that a preferential association of thyroxine with membrane proteins of pituitary and liver mitochondria develops, the amount of T4 association protein (per protein unit) was several times (3-6x) higher in membrane proteins, as compared with soluble proteins. PMID- 1111058 TI - [Chronic tonsillitis and the upper cervical spine (author's transl)]. AB - The authors investigated 46 patients with chronic tonsillitis. Only in 5 (11% blockage in the craniocervical junction were absent. The most frequently affected segment was between the occipital bone and the atlas (in 36 patients), between the atlas and axis in two and between the axis and C3 in three patients. In 28 treatment was only surgical. There blockage disappeared only in four, in two blockage developed operation. Five patients were treated before operation also by manipulation. There the blockage relapsed only once. In 10 treatment was by manipulation only. During the observation period (from 3-9 months) not a single relapse of blockage or tonsillitis was observed during the winter period. PMID- 1111057 TI - [Inhibition of autohaemolysis in vitro by the action of isolated factors Ac III and Ac IV in so-called autoimmune haemolytic anaemias (author's transl)]. AB - Hyper- and autohaemolysis of red blood cells resp. in vitro by saturation of serum of patients with so-called autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is conditioned by the lack of factors Ac III and Ac IV resp., or both, in serum. When both factors are lacking also in red blood cells, in addition to hyperhaemolysis complexes are formed which in serological tests appear as antierythrocytic autoantibodies and which by a bond with red blood cells inhibit their breakdown. By adding factor Ac III and IV in suitable concentrations to serum the haemolysing effect and formation of pseudoautoantibodies is completely blocked. The results of experiments in vitro bring up the question whether autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is really conditioned by an immunological process, i. e. by autoimmunization with the formation of autoantibodies which exert an autoaggressive action or whether they are a special manifestation of deficiency of the above factors, similarly as other haemulytic syndromes which develop e. g. as a result of some enzyme deficiencies etc. PMID- 1111059 TI - [Age differences in the reactivity of the organism after administration of isoprenaline in rats (author's transl)]. AB - To three age groups of animals 2, 6 and 12 months old isoprenaline was administered in amounts of 8 mg/kg body weight. In these rats changes in the weight of some organs after administration of isoprenaline were followed-up. In the oldest group of rats were the myocardial lesions were most severe, the authors found the slightest oedematous response of the myocardium. The oedema of their aorta, on the other hand, was most marked. The weight of the adrenals, contrary to younger groups, did not change in the course of the experiment. PMID- 1111060 TI - A method for measuring the Cerenkov radiation produced by 32P in small sample volumes. PMID- 1111061 TI - The determination of free epsilon-amino groups of lysine in proteins using 19F NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 1111062 TI - Separation of alpha and beta chains of rabbit globin using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1111063 TI - Determination of arginnosuccinate in normal blood serum and liver. PMID- 1111064 TI - Identification of the syn and anti geometric isomers of retinalmethoxime. PMID- 1111065 TI - A sensitive colorimeter method for formaldehyde. PMID- 1111066 TI - Cellulase and other hydrolytic enzyme assays using an oscillating tube viscometer. PMID- 1111067 TI - An apparatus for thin layer vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with discontinuous buffer and gel system. PMID- 1111068 TI - Simple dual-beam protein meters. PMID- 1111069 TI - Application of nitrous acid deamination of hexosamines to the simultaneous GLC determination of neutral and amino sugars in glycoproteins. PMID- 1111070 TI - Separation of aflatoxins by column chromatography. PMID- 1111071 TI - Thin centerpieces for ultracentrifugation of concentrated solutions. PMID- 1111072 TI - The determination of the molar extinction coefficient of reduced DTNB. PMID- 1111073 TI - Acetic anhydride requirement in the colorimetric determination of tryptophan. PMID- 1111074 TI - On the myth that benzoic acid is adsorbed on the walls of liquid scintillation counting vials. PMID- 1111075 TI - DEAE-cellulose microcolumn chromatography coupled with automated assay: application to the resolution of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase components. PMID- 1111076 TI - A simple method of preparing D-(minus)-arginine monohydrochloride from DL arginine. PMID- 1111077 TI - GLC determination of PPB levels of citrate by conversion to bromoform. PMID- 1111078 TI - A novel method of sample transport and its application for continuous detection of radioactivity in the effluent of the high speed amino acid analyzer. PMID- 1111079 TI - [Problems of osteosynthesis, demonstrated with treatment of isolated tibia and combined tibia-fibula fractures in the dog]. PMID- 1111080 TI - [Comparative analysis of blood groups and various polymorphic protein system in a different goat breeds in Switzerland]. PMID- 1111081 TI - [Effect of N-desacetyl-thiocolchicine on the blood picture of the dog]. PMID- 1111082 TI - [Calcinosis in the young pig. I. Description of spontaneous cases]. PMID- 1111083 TI - Family practice. PMID- 1111084 TI - The epidemiology of enteroviruses. AB - International and local Scottish data illustrate the epidemiology of enteroviruses in recent years. Polioviruses still predominate as causes of serious paralytic disease, except where controlled by vaccination and require continuing surveillance. Aseptic meningitis is the commonest reported illness due to enterovirus infection, but notable clinical manifestations of certain types (particularly coxsackie group A) involve the skin and mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. Gastrointestinal disturbance has been reported in some echovirus infections, and cardiac disease is particularly associated with group B coxsackie virus infections. Although most enterovirus infections are silent or trivial in severity, the trend towards periodic epidemicity of different enteroviruses involving older age-groups may entail the emergence of new disease problems of which heart disease may be one example. PMID- 1111085 TI - The work of a rural practice. AB - Study of the work load in the month of November over some years in a single handed rural practice has revealed several interesting trends, one being the way in which the work is gradually increasing. A more detailed study of the work over 12 months has demonstrated how fallacious impressions about one's work can be- the work being spread over a very much larger proportion of the patients than had been originally suspected. PMID- 1111086 TI - Assessment of severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn at time of birth. AB - A new cord blood factor has been suggested as a measure of the severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn at birth. One hundred and seventy three cases of Rhesus iso-immunisation have been classified as mild, moderate and severe according to the readings of Optical Density Difference of bilirubin in the liquor amnii and correlated with the cord blood haemoglobin, cord blood serum bilirubin, and the new cord blood factor. The new cord blood factor gave the best correlation. PMID- 1111087 TI - In vivo distribution of vesicles loaded with radiopharmaceuticals: a comparison of different routes of administration. PMID- 1111088 TI - Three common faults in current practice that influence the validity of data obtained from electronic air pollution instrumentation. AB - Instrumental development is now entering a more logical era, where the former artistic character of electronics is being replaced by cold technology. Because of this, one should be expect more reliability; however, there still exist many weak links in practical application. Digital readout systems and computer processing induce a false sense of security. In reality, it is the sample measurement relationship that determines an instrument's credibility and not the number of digits on its meter. In describing three faulty practices that greatly influence an instrument's performance, it is hoped that measurement may be more closely related to the sample! PMID- 1111089 TI - Dust counting. Critical review and presentation of Vermont practice. AB - Counting respirable dust particles using bright field microscopy has been the classic approach for rapid practical evaluation of the dustiness of workplace atmospheres. The technique has been beset with difficulties arising out of variations in the optical systems and the counting cells used by various laboratories. This papar reviews the history of the technique and some of the problems which have been encountered. It also details the method used by the Vermont Division of Occupational Health for the past 20 years to count dust, describing the easily reproducible optical system and the use of a "thin" hemocytometer cell employed. PMID- 1111090 TI - [Variance of the air sample in air analysis demonstrated on a sample of atmospheric aerosol]. AB - Particulate matter, sampled during 24-h periods from 200 m-3 urban air, was collected on cellulose filters. Each of the four quarters of the filters was analyzed separately by atomic absorption spectroscopy; the concentration of 11 metals was so determined. The residual standard deviation among the quarters of the filter was 10%. In view of this deviation among the results, attributed to the variance of the air sample, it seems rather doubtful that the intercomparison of air sampling instruments, using ambient air as common "standard", will ever give reliable results. It seems likely that air samples, smaller than the 200 m-3 used here, will show an even greater variance, at least with regard to some specific pollutants. PMID- 1111091 TI - Calculation of the mean yearly mixing height over urban areas, from air pollution data. AB - Conditions for the usefulness of the ventilation-volume or box model in the representation of long-term averages of pollutant concentrations are discussed. It is shown that yearly averages of mixing heights can be calculated from air pollutant concentration data without reference to meteorological observations. With no pretence to high accuracy, average mixing heights thus obtained are adequate to rapidly characterize an urban area in the low, medium or high bracket of pollutant concentrations. Estimates of yearly average mixing heights for six French and two Japanese towns are given. PMID- 1111092 TI - Mercury and selenium in marine mammals and birds. AB - Information is provided concerning the concentrations of mercury and selenium in tissues of marine animals. In marine mammals a 1:1 Hg/Se molecular increment ratio was found and an almost perfect linear correlation between mercury and selenium. It is suggested that marine mammals are able to detoxify methylmercury by a specific chemical mechanism in which selenium is involved. The results also indicate that the fate of methylmercury in fish-eating marine birds differs fundamentally from that in marine mammals. PMID- 1111093 TI - Transfer of lead through the rat's intestinal wall. AB - The transfer of 203Pb through the wall of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in 6- and 26-week old female albino rats was studied by the in vitro method of "everted sacs". The lead transport through, and the lead uptake in the wall was practically the same in all intestinal segments. The influence of age on these parameters of lead metabolism was not observed by the method we used. It seems that active transport of lead in all segments of the small intestine in 6-week old rats is negligible. PMID- 1111094 TI - Troponin and parvalbumin calcium binding regions predicted in myosin light chain and T4 lysozyme. AB - A computer search of available protein sequences and structures suggests that bacteriophage T4 lysozyme contains one region and that rabbit myosin light chains contain three regions similar, and supposedly homologous, to the calcium binding region of carp muscle calcium binding parvalbumin. PMID- 1111095 TI - 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid is not a methyl donor for biogenic amines: enzymatic formation of formaldehyde. AB - Contrary to previous reports, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid does not mediate the methylation of dopamine to epinine. Instead, this methyl donor is degraded enzymatically to formaldehyde, which condenses with dopamine to form a tetahydoisoquinoline derivative. The latter has chromotographic characteristics very similar to those of epinine, which likely accounts for the original misidentification of the product. PMID- 1111096 TI - Chromatin fragments resembling v bodies. AB - Fragments of chromatin resembling the spheroid chromatin units (v bodies) have been isolated from formaldehyde-fixed and sonicated chicken erythrocyte nuclei. Ultracentrifugal analyses demonstrated that monomer v bodies have a molecular weight of about 300,000 per particle, exhibit a protein to DNA ratio (by weight) of 1.22:1, and contain a DNA fragment with a molecular weight of approximately 140,000 per v body. PMID- 1111097 TI - When left-handed mice live in right-handed worlds. AB - Many C57BL/6J inbred mice were tested for paw preference. In unbiased worlds, approximately 10 percent exhibited lateral preferences inconsistent with the world bias, and males were more strongly lateralized. Influences of world bias appear to be superimposed upon an already laterally dichotomized population. Initial left-right sense, it is posited, arises as an outcome of a seemingly random process. PMID- 1111098 TI - DNA modification mechanisms and gene activity during development. PMID- 1111099 TI - Cyclopentyl ketones: identification and function in Azteca ants. AB - The anal gland secretions of dolichoderine ants in the genus Azteca are fortified with cyclopentyl ketones. Since these compounds, 2-methylcyclopentanone, cis-1 acetyl-2-methylcyclopentane, and 2-acetyl-3-methylcyclopentene, release sustained alarm behavior in ant workers, they constitute a new chemical class of insect pheromones. The ketones probably also function as defensive compounds and thus are part of the ants' alarm-defense system. PMID- 1111100 TI - 2,3-diphosphoglycerate: a physiological inhibitor of platelet aggregation. AB - 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) may inhibit the platelet release reaction and the irreversible aggregation of human blood platelets induced by adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, or norepinephrine. The effects of 2,3-DPG on platelet aggregation were more pronounced in cases with low hematocrit (less than 30 percent). Dipyridamole and vincaminor potentiated the antiaggregating effect of 2,3-DPG. Erythocytes (10-3 to 10-4 per microliter) exhibited a similar antiaggregating effect, especially when secured from anemic patients. PMID- 1111101 TI - Heavy cosmic-ray exposure of Apollo astronauts. AB - A comprehensive study of the heavy-particle cosmic-ray exposure received by the individual astronauts during the nine lunar Apollo missions reveals a significant variation in the exposure as a function of shielding and the phase of the solar cycle. The data are useful in planning for future long-range missions and in estimating the expected biological damage. PMID- 1111102 TI - Self-produced locomotion restores visual capacity after striate lesions. AB - Rats permitted unrestrained movement in a patterned visual environment during the interval between two-stage vilateral lesions of the visual cortex reacquire a preoperatively learned pattern discrimination. Rats passively transported through the identical visual environment do not. This is the first demonstration that interoperative self-produced locomotion is essential for recovery of function in the visual system. PMID- 1111103 TI - Auditory discrimination and recall in monkeys. AB - The first auditory recall functions have been derived for monkeys; the same animals also demonstrate perceptual abilities closely approximating those of man. An efficient, powerful psychophysical technique is used to specify and force predicted levels of difficulty of task performance across time, animals, and problems. PMID- 1111104 TI - Dynamic random-dot stereograms reveal up-down anisotropy and left-right isotropy between cortical hemifields. AB - With the use of dynamic random-dot sterograms (which are devoid of all monocular depth cues), the temporal duration for detecting a small, briefly presented test square of different depth than the surround varied as a function of its location in the central portion of the visual field. Test squares presented in the upper hemifield were detectable at consistently shorter durations than those in the lower hemifield when the fixation marker was in front of the surround, and vice versa when the marker was behind. No such anisotropy was found for left and right hemifield. Esploratory studies suggested a similar up-down anisotropy and left right isotropy in spatial resolution. Thus, the upper hemifield representation at the cortex shows a general superiority over the lower one for vinocular detectors tuned to uncrossed disparitites, and the lower hemifield shows superiority for those tuned to crossed disparities. PMID- 1111105 TI - Contradiction of auditory and visual information by brain stimulation. AB - Cats with permanently implanted electrodes were trained to discriminate between trains of flashes or clicks at two different repetition frequencies. After substantial overtraining with these sensory stimuli, high levels of stimulus generalization were obtained to electrical stimulation of the reticular formation at either frequency stimultaneously with contradictory flicker or click stimulation at the opposite frequency resulted in control of the behavior by the reticualr stimulus. Lateral geniculate stimulation failed to show this effect. PMID- 1111106 TI - Letter: Photon activation analysis of toxic elements. PMID- 1111107 TI - Letter: Infant hue discrimination? PMID- 1111108 TI - Sex pheromone of the oak leaf roller: a complex chemical messenger system identified by mass fragmentography. AB - The sex pheromone of the oak leaf roller, Archips semiferanus Walker, is composed of a complex mixture of chemical signals. The attractant component of the pheromone contains a series of tetradecenyl acetates having double bonds in positions 2 to 12. Mass fragmentography of the ozonolysis products of the attractant component was used to locate the double bonds in the various isomer. PMID- 1111109 TI - Low frequency electric field induced changes in the shape and motility of amoebas. AB - Perpendicular and parallel elongation of the giant amoeba, Chaos chaos (Chaos carolinensis), have been observed in alternating electric fields over a wide frequency range (from about 1 hertz to about 10 megahertz). The characteristics change as a function of frequency. Simple dielectric forces may be important in the production of these effects. PMID- 1111110 TI - Synaptonemal complex complement of man in spreads of spermatocytes, with details of the sex chromosome pair. AB - Human pachytene chromosome pairs have been characterized electron microscopically in spread preparations on the basis of synaptonemal complex length, kinetochore position and attached nucleoli when present. The X and Y chromosomes can be followed by their filamentous axial cores from partial synapsis, through precocious disjuction and end-to-end attachment, to differentiation of a network in the sex chromosome pair. PMID- 1111111 TI - Evaporative water loss in box turtles: effects of rostral brainstem and other temperatures. AB - Box turtles were implanted with thermodes astride the preoptic tissue of the brainstem. The rate of evaporative water loss could be transiently increased by heating the rostral brainstem. Heating tissue in the anterior hypothalamus affected evaporative water loss only a high ambient temperatures. The magnitude of the response was proportional both to the change in hypothalamic temperature and to the ambient temperature with which the turtle was in equilibrium. The major fuction of a high rate of evaporative water loss in turtles is probably to protect the brain from overheating during thermal stress. PMID- 1111112 TI - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in brains of chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - Postmorten brain specimens from nine chronic schizophrenic patients and nine control were assayed for activity of dopamine beta-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. Unlike the results of previous reports, there was no statistically significant difference in enzyme activity between the patient and control groups. There were, however, significant negative correlations between dopamin beta-hydroxylase activity and the tim spent in the morgue before autopsy, and between enzyme activity of schizophrenics and dosage of chlorpromazine or its equivalent. PMID- 1111113 TI - Growth hormone: independent release of big and small forms from rat pituitary in vitro. AB - Sequential release of big and small forms of growth hormone by perifused rat pituitaries has been demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. The results suggest that either the two forms are independently synthesized and released, or that a newly synthesized molecule of big growth hormone follows one of two paths: direct release or intracellular processing through the storage compartment with conversion to small growth hormone. PMID- 1111114 TI - Measles virus: an unwanted variant causing hydrocephalus. AB - Mutagenization of measles virus with proflavine produced a temperature-sensitive mutant capable of inducing hydrocephalus following intracranial inoculation of newborn hamsters. Hydrocephalus was not produced by the parental strain or by other measles virus mutants. Thus, mutants can be the causative agents of disease not associated with the parental strain. The results dictate caution in the use and distribution of experimentally induced virus variants. PMID- 1111115 TI - Erythrocytes in human muscular dystrophy. PMID- 1111116 TI - Type I immunologic reactions in the lung. PMID- 1111117 TI - Pulmonary disease with eosinophilia. PMID- 1111118 TI - Case of the fall season. PMID- 1111119 TI - The diagnosis of pulmonary infection in patients with altered immunity. PMID- 1111120 TI - [Health education and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 1111121 TI - [Data on the social-hygienic characteristics of a present-day village]. PMID- 1111122 TI - [Calculation of the cost of inpatient treatment of children in hospitals]. PMID- 1111123 TI - [State of and ways of improving emergency medical care]. PMID- 1111124 TI - [Organization of the work-days of the week of workers at the regional department of public health]. PMID- 1111125 TI - [Attendance by the urban population at outpatient-polyclinic establishments in connection with diseases of the digestive organs]. PMID- 1111126 TI - [Development of cognitive requirements for medical students during the process of teaching Marxist-Leninist philosophy]. PMID- 1111127 TI - [Public health in the Libyan Republic]. PMID- 1111128 TI - [Special features of pathology and organization of medical care in the Republic of Zambia]. PMID- 1111129 TI - [Public health in Soviet Lithuania during the past 30 years]. PMID- 1111130 TI - [Urgent problems of pulmonology]. PMID- 1111131 TI - The carbon dioxide response curve in normal adults. PMID- 1111132 TI - Thrombosis of the superior cerebellar artery. A case report. PMID- 1111133 TI - Polyarthritis associated with Yersinia enterocolitica infection. PMID- 1111134 TI - Psychiatric follow-up services in Matabeleland. PMID- 1111135 TI - Letter: The management of paediatric hermaphroditism. PMID- 1111137 TI - Letter: The number of doctors. PMID- 1111136 TI - [Letter: Combined intra- and extra-uterine pregnancies]. PMID- 1111138 TI - Crouzon's disease (craniofacial dysostosis). A neuropsychiatric presentation. PMID- 1111140 TI - Two unusual complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in the same infant. AB - A child with hydrocephalus had two rare complications of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: exposure of the abdominal catheter through the surgical incision and perforation of the intestine by a new Raimoundi catheter and its emergence from the anus. No infection occurred. The catheter was replaced with a new one on each occasion, without incident. PMID- 1111139 TI - Warning signs in intracranial aneurysms. AB - Warning signs preceding major hemorrhage were analyzed in 192 patients with intracranial aneurysms. One hundred and thirteen (59 percent) had warning signs. The average interval between the last warning signs and the major attacks was 16.9 ddays with anterior communicating and anterior cerebral aneurysms, 6 days with middle cerebral aneurysms, and 7.3 days with intradural internal carotid aneurysms. The incidence was much higher in aneurysms (69 percent) and with location of the aneurysms. Early recognition of warning signs may protect patients from the devasting effects of major hemmorhage. PMID- 1111141 TI - Massive traumatic hematoma of the basal ganglia. PMID- 1111142 TI - Conservative management of the recently ruptured aneurysm. AB - Antifibrinolytic drugs and subtotal occulusion of carotid artery have been investigated in a series of 168 patients with recently ruptured intracranial aneursyms. It is concluded that epsilon-aminocaproic acid offers effective treatment, that aggressive hypotensive therapy is dangerous in the severely obtunded patient, and that epsilon-aminocaproic acid plus subtotal carotid occlusion (supplemented by a moderate hypotensive regime) offer the best treatment, in this experience, in the prevention of recurrent hemmorrhages. PMID- 1111143 TI - Venous channels in the tentorium cerebelli: surgical significance. AB - A practical surgical approach for exposure of the rostral part of the cerebellum is by way of an occipital craniectomy and incision through a leaf of the tentorium cerebelli. Venous channels of variable dimensions course in this intracranial dural process or partition. Neurosurgeons should be aware of their presence. PMID- 1111144 TI - The joint responsibility for research development and delivery of health care. PMID- 1111145 TI - Letter: Survey for rating neurological training programs. PMID- 1111146 TI - Intracerebral schwannoma. AB - A case is reported in which the authors describe a rare example of an intracerebral schwannoma in a 63-year-old woman having a clinical history suggesting the presence of the tumor for 40 years. Such an unusually prolonged course is ascribed to extensive regressive changes in the tumor. The occurrence of intracerebral schwannoma indicates the existence of schwann cells deep within the brain substance, although the precise source of these cells remains obscure. PMID- 1111147 TI - Extraneural metastasis of pineal tumor. AB - The case of an eight-year old male with a pineal tumor is reported, in which metastases occurred to extraneural organs. The pineal tumor consisted of portions of benign teratoma, malignant ependymoma and embryonal carcinoma. Only the embryonal carcinoma metastasized. The intracanial and spinal subarachnoid space alos was invaded by disseminated embryonal carcinoma. There have been seven other similar cases reported. All patients were males from five to 34 years of age. PMID- 1111148 TI - Papilledema and spinal cord tumors. PMID- 1111149 TI - An experimental occlusion of the middle cerebral artery by transorbital approach. PMID- 1111150 TI - The microsurgical approach to intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 1111151 TI - Iatrogenic diphenylhydantoin (dilantin) intoxication. PMID- 1111153 TI - Non-narcotic drug dependence: detoxification. PMID- 1111152 TI - Interpreting serum copper levels in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1111154 TI - Reporting child abuse. PMID- 1111156 TI - Fold medicine in Southwest. PMID- 1111155 TI - Legal abortion in Bexar county hospital. PMID- 1111157 TI - [Duodenal cancer]. PMID- 1111158 TI - [Urticaria and angioedema induced by antiphlogistics, preservatives and dye additives in food and tablets]. PMID- 1111159 TI - [Lead analysis in soil from children's playground in Baerum]. PMID- 1111160 TI - [Drug committees in hospitals]. PMID- 1111161 TI - [Criteria for choice of preparations in a drug committee]. PMID- 1111162 TI - [Use of drug statistics in hospitals]. PMID- 1111163 TI - [Editorial: Improvement in toxicology]. PMID- 1111164 TI - [Pancreatic injuries following blunt trauma]. PMID- 1111165 TI - [Letter: Otorhinolaryngologic diseases]. PMID- 1111166 TI - [Letter: Benzidine demonstration of occult blood in feces]. PMID- 1111167 TI - [Letter: Miconazole in treatment of moniliasis]. PMID- 1111168 TI - [Photoscintigraphy of adrenal glands using 131I-cholesterol in patients with primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 1111169 TI - A competitive protein binding radioassay for deoxycorticosterone in human plasma. AB - A simple, sensitive and reliable competitive protein binding radioassay using dog transcortin has been developed for the measurement of 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in human plasma. A 1% plasma solution from dexamethasone treated male dogs served as the source of the binding protein. Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography was used for the separation of the steroid prior to assay. The method is sensitive enough to detect 50 pg of DOC. The intra- and interassay co-efficients of variation were 11.5% and 11.3% respectively. Water blanks and plasma blanks from adrenalectomized rats and humans gave negligible readings for DOC. Support for the identity of the steroid being assayed as DOC was obtained by subjecting a plasma pool to multiple radioassays using 4 different binding proteins including 2 anti-DOC antibodies. The values obtained in all 4 systems were in good agreement confirming the fact that DOC was the steroid being measured. Morning plasma DOC levels measured in 29 healthy subjects averaged 8.0 plus or minus 1.2 (S.E.) ng% in 14 males, and 8.7 plus or minus 0.9 (S.E.) ng% in 15 females (p greater than 0.3). PMID- 1111170 TI - In vivo androgen retention in mouse kidney. AB - The in vivo retention of 3-H-testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 3alpha androstanediol (3alpha-DIOL), 3beta-DIOL, androstenedione, progesterone and cortisol by renal cytoplasm and nuclei of male and female mice was studied. Testosterone was the major androgen isolated from cytoplasm and nuclei following testosterone or androstenedione administration. By contrast, DHT was the major intracellular androgen after DHT, 3alpha- or 3beta-DIOL injection. The uptake of 3-H-testosterone or 3-H-DHT was abolished by excess unlabeled testosterone, DHT or cyproterone acetate. Androgen concentrations in kidney fractions from female mice were similar to those from males. There was no appreciable concentration of the isolated steroids following 3-H-progesterone administration. 3H-cortisol was concentrated in both cytoplasm and nuclei but was not displaced by non radioactive androgens. These findings suggest that in contrast to prostate, mouse kidney can concentrate both testosterone and DHT. However, since testosterone is the major androgen in blood and since it is not metabolized in kidney, it is the major effector androgen in this organ. Androstenedione is active via conversion to testosterone while DIOLS are androgenic via metabolism to DHT. PMID- 1111171 TI - The metabolism of synthetic estrogens in non-users and users of oral contraceptives. AB - Using both pulse injections and constant infusions of 3-H-mestranol (3H-ME) (1) and 3-H-ethinyl estradiol (3H-EE) we have studied the metabolism of these compounds in non-users and users of oral contraceptives. Following pulse injection of 3-H-ME the disappearance of radioactivity could be described as a function which was the sum of two exponentials. Studied by both types of administration there was no difference in the metabolism of 3H-ME in the two groups; the overall mean plus or minus SE metabolic clearance rate (MCRM) was 690 plus or minus 45 1/day/m2, the mean ratio of the concentrations of radioactivity as EE following administration of ME (CRM-BB,E) was 0.23 plus or minus 0.02 and the mean (p)M,EBB (fraction of administered ME measured in blood as EE) was 0.19 (95% confidence limits equals 0.15 - 0.23). Following pulse injection of 3-H-EE the disappearance of radioactivity was best described as a function which is the sum of three exponentials. Results from both types of administration revealed no difference in the metabolism of 3H-EE between non-users. The overall mean plus or minus SE MCREE was 630 plus or minus 30 1/day/M2. The MCREE is significantly (0.02 greater than P greater than 0.01) less than the mean MCR for estradiol reported previously, in both non-users and users of oral contraceptives. The use of oral contraceptives containing estrogens and progestins does not appear to influence the metabolism of the estrogen used. Approximately 20% of mestranol is converted to and appears in the blood as ethinyl estradiol. PMID- 1111173 TI - Radioimmunoassay for fluoxymesterone (Halotestin). AB - A specific, sensitive, precise and accurate radioimmunoassay has been developed for fluoxymesterone, 9alpha-fluoro-11beta,17beta-dihydroxy-17-methyl-4-androsten 3-one (Halotestin). The method is capable of detecting 25 picograms of drug in 0.1 ml of unextracted serum. The primary antibody was prepared against fluoxymesterone 3-(0-(carboxy-methoxime)) (CMO) bovine serum albumin. The specificity of the assay is greatly influenced by the hydroxyl group at position 11 and the methyl group at position 17. Physiological levels of endogenous steroids did not cross-react significantly with the primary antibody. Blood levels of fluoxymesterone were determined in both human subjects and male beagle dogs after oral administration of Halotestin. PMID- 1111172 TI - Comparison of dextran-coated charcoal and ammonium sulfate in the radioimmunoassay of estrogens. AB - A comparison was made between the use of ammonium sulfate (AS) and Dextran coated charcoal (DCC) to separate free and antibody-bound estrogens in the RIA of estrone and estradiol in serum. Under the conditions tested, AS yielded values which were approximately twice those obtained using DCC. This difference was found for both estrogens, using male and female serum and regardless of whether the estrogens were separated from one another by means of the Girard reagent or TLC. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity, accuracy or usable range of the standard curve or in the water-blank for the two procedures. PMID- 1111174 TI - In vitro metabolism of 3-H-androstenedione by the male rat pituitary, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. AB - The in vitro metabolism of 2,2-3-H-androstenedione by the pituitary, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of intact and castrated adult male rats was studied. Conversion of androstenedione to radiochemically pure 5alpha androstanedione, testosterone, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, and traces of 3alpha, 5alpha-androstanediol was demonstrated in minced preparations of the three tissues in the absence of cofactors. 5alpha-androstanedione was the metabolite formed in the highest proportion. The pituitary showed the highest enzymatic conversions followed in decreasing order by the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. Castration performed three weeks prior to the experiments resulted in a significant decrease of pituitary 17beta-old-dehydrogenase activity with a concomitant increase of 5alpha-reductase. No significant changes were observed after castration in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. PMID- 1111175 TI - Characterization and physiological validation of a radioimmunoassay for plasma testosterone in the male rat. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure testosterone concentration in the plasma of male rats was formalized, tested and physiologically validated. The procedure measured testosterone equally well, whether or not estimation of recovery and chromatographic purification preceded the RIA. The results were equivalent to those achieved by the method of competitive protein binding. No 17beta-hydroxy 5alpha-androstan-3-one was found in the plasma of male rats. Adrenalectomy did not significantly decrease plasma testosterone in either male or female rats. The simplified protocol met all requirements of precision, sensitivity, accuracy and specificity. A single investigator can analyze 1,000 plasma samples for testosterone in one week if necessary. PMID- 1111176 TI - Cerebral energy metabolism after subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 1111177 TI - Report of the Joint Committee for Stroke Facilities. XII. Computed tomography in the management of cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 1111178 TI - Occlusion of the carotid artery: prognosis (natural history) and the possibilities of surgical revascularization. PMID- 1111179 TI - Global ischemia in dogs: intracranial pressures, brain blood flow and metabolism. PMID- 1111180 TI - Barbiturate protection from cerebral infarction in primates. PMID- 1111181 TI - Measurement of outcomes of care for stroke patients. PMID- 1111182 TI - Polarographical measurement of local cerebral blood flow in the conscious and anesthetized primate. PMID- 1111183 TI - Experimental study on the genesis of cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 1111184 TI - Skin blood pressure in the forehead in patients with internal carotid lesions. PMID- 1111185 TI - Effects of bilateral carotid artery ligation on brain lactate and pyruvate concentrations in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 1111186 TI - Limitations of radionuclide flow studies in bilateral carotid thrombosis. PMID- 1111187 TI - Brain phospholipid metabolism during ischemia. PMID- 1111188 TI - The assessment of insulin, glucose and lipids in ischemic thrombotic cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 1111189 TI - Effects of excess NaCl intake on blood pressure and cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in the monkey. PMID- 1111190 TI - [Hepatic and splenic peliosis]. PMID- 1111191 TI - [Early generalisation of on occult prostatic adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 1111192 TI - [Endolymphatic stromatosis. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 1111193 TI - [Mycosis fungoides occurring simultaneously in the skin and the lymph nodes. Optic and electron microscope study]. PMID- 1111194 TI - [Apropos of the incidence of mass hysteria]. PMID- 1111196 TI - [Let the reform be given its second chance]. PMID- 1111195 TI - [Long-term results of L-dopa treatment of parkinsonism]. PMID- 1111197 TI - [Effect of diazepam on coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism in subjects with normal coronary arteries and patients with coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1111198 TI - [Case of acute intoxication with phencyclidine causing muscle rigidity and acute kidney failure]. PMID- 1111199 TI - [2 cases of pulmonary fibrosis of the Hamman-Rich type with normal lung radiography]. PMID- 1111200 TI - [Prader-Willi syndrome. Study of 5 cases]. PMID- 1111202 TI - [Plasma cell granuloma of the lung]. PMID- 1111201 TI - [Potentially curable thromboembolic paraneoplastic syndromes]. PMID- 1111203 TI - [Lymphomatoid papulosis: a favorable reaction to ultraviolet rays]. PMID- 1111204 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the pterygo-maxillary fossa]. PMID- 1111205 TI - [Use of betamethasone in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in the premature newborn infant]. PMID- 1111206 TI - Evidence of multiple virion components in leaf-dip preparations of barley stripe mosaic virus. PMID- 1111207 TI - Rates of rod accumulation and viral RNA synthesis during early and late stages of tobacco mosaic virus infection in young, expanding tobacco leaves. PMID- 1111208 TI - A kinetic model of TMV-RNA replication based on rates of virus accumulation in vivo. PMID- 1111209 TI - Experimental tests of TMV replication model. Attempts to identify molecular precursors of TMV-RNA and determine the time required to synthesize a TMV-RNA molecule. PMID- 1111210 TI - Physical properties of a minimal infectious RNA(viroik) associated with the exocortis disease. PMID- 1111211 TI - Studies on the mechanism of replication of adenovirus DNA. IV. Discontinuous DNA Chain propagation. PMID- 1111212 TI - Morphogenesis of the tail of bacteriophage lambda. PMID- 1111213 TI - Use of aphids injected with virus-specific antiserum for study of plant viruses that circulate in vectors. PMID- 1111214 TI - Electrophoretic separation of dsRNA genome segments form Fiji disease and maize rough dwarf viruses. PMID- 1111215 TI - Plaque-forming lambda-Mu hybrids. PMID- 1111216 TI - Viral RNA replication in extracts of alfalfa mosaic virus-infected Vicia faba. PMID- 1111217 TI - Replication of tobacco mosiac virus, VI Replicative intermediate and TMV-RNA related RNAs associated with polyribosomes. PMID- 1111218 TI - [Concept of metabolic deviations]. AB - Disturbance of metabolism has to do always with systems. A change in one unit results in a flow of matter, energy or information to other units. The whole or almost the whole system participates at this chain reaction. Never a simple newtonian reaction can be encountered at this occasion, with its direct cause effect connection. At least always the feed-back mechanism is triggered. Generally, however, multiple loops of the feed-back mechanism are activated. No strict determinism is present here. In the nature common laws for living and lifeless objects are valid. It does not matter that we cannot yet define the life in terms of classical physics. It will be necessary to construct on one side a new physical concept and on the other to introduce into our biological way of thinking also the quantum mechanics. Metabolism must be defined in terms of statistics and probability. The complex mutual interaction of individual functional levels makes it necessary to shift from the study of isolated events to the general theory of information, integration and control. PMID- 1111219 TI - [Anemia in old people]. AB - In older age the incidence of anemia is more frequent, in patients over 15 years of age anemia was found in 16%, whereas in patients over 60 years of age in 22.5%. The study was done on hospitalized patients. In younger age groups anemic women were more numerous, in older patients on the contrary the majority of anemic patients were men. In both age groups anemia is mostly of a lighter form, but in the older age group a serous form of anemia is more frequent. The development of anemia is due in the first place to economic and social conditions, insufficient health and social care of old persons. The leading cause of anemia is malnutrition of the old, often immobile or mentally altered individuals. To consider the anemia in the old age as physiologic is questionable, as 77.5% of hospital admitted old individuals have no anemia. Anemia is often an early sign of an organic or systemic disease, being in this way an indication to a thorough clinical examination. The treatment should consist in therapy of the underlying disease, in the correlation of nutrition, substitution of nutritional and hemopoetic factors and in increased care of old individuals. PMID- 1111220 TI - [Glycide metabolism disorder in renal failure, therapeutic sequelae]. AB - The in vitro effects of increased concentration of urea, creatinine, phosphate, glucose and of decreased concentration of potassium and calcium on the inhibitory effects of IGU was studied. The following results were obtained: 1. Urea, creatinine and increased concentration of phosphate in the degrees significant clinically did not influence the effect of IGU. 2. Decreased concentration of potassium did not influence utilization of glucose, but abolished completely the inhibitory effect of IGU. 3. Increased concentration of glucose increased its utilization, but did not abolish the inhibitory effect of IGU. The therapeutic implications of these findings for glycid metabolism in renal insufficiency are analysed. PMID- 1111221 TI - [Problems of myocardiopathies in the clinical and experimental cardiology]. AB - The first part of the study deals with the early diagnosis of cardiomyopathies on the ground of physical examination of the patients and of his ECG and X-ray finding. It is stressed, that in the majority of cases already this set of examination can in the physicial of the first contact awake a suspicion of cardiomyopathy. Further precision of diagnosis demands examination in a cardiological center where the facilities for cardiac catheterization, angiography and coronarogrpahy are available. The second part of the study deals with the problem of mechanism of the early heart failure in caridomyopathies. Studying the structural, metabolic and functional changes of the heart muscle in the dietetic, catecholamine and alkoholic model of experimental cardiomyopathy, the authors came to the conclusion that the main factor in this pathological event is disturbance of the oxidative process and thus of the energy generation at the subcellular level in the heart muscle. This metabolic disturbance is progressively leading to morphological changes and to a weaking of the contractile power of the heart muscle. PMID- 1111222 TI - [Did the introduction of rehabilitation improve the course and prognosis of myocardial infarct?]. AB - Experience with early mobilization and rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit is presented. There was not visible unfavorable influence of the early rehabilitation in patients after overcoming the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Early rehabilitation had a positive influence on physical as well as on mental condition of patients and resulted in a shortened stay in hospital and duration of impaired working capacity. PMID- 1111223 TI - [Effect of ethanol on blood serotonin level]. AB - The level of blood serotonin was determined in 11 healthy young men after administration of 1.0 g ethanol per 1 kg of body weight and in healthy dogs after administration of 2.0 g of ethanol per 1 kg of body weight. In men there was no substantial change in the blood level of serotonin. After administration of 2.0 g of ethanol per 1 kg of body weight in dogs, the blood level of serotonin was not found changed in the 60th minute of the experiment. After 4 hours after administration of ethanol already a significant decrease of the serotonin level appeared. After 24 hours following administration of ethanol there was a slight increase of the serotonin level as compared with the initial level. Slight changes of the serotonin level observed in the 30th and 60th minute of the experiment cannot explain the negative inotropic effect of ethanol. PMID- 1111224 TI - [Effect of ethanol and inderal on the heart cycle]. AB - Ingested ethanol at a dose of 1.0 g per 1 kg of body weight in an experiment on healthy young men changes in the 30th minute the duration of individual phases of the heart cycle. By the effct of ethanol in the dose mentioned and by administration of 20 mg of Inderal, the negative inotropic effect in the 60th minute and by increased index of preejection period as well as by decreased volues of the index of tension of the left ventricular heart muscle. Left ventricular ejection period is only slightly shortened by the influence of both ingested substances. Ethanol as well as Inderal prolong the interval of isovolumic relaxation, but at the some time they increase the percentual relation of the left ventricular presystolic filling "a" wave to the ejection relaxation wave V-O. By the influence of both substances the systolic and diastolic pressure is decreased more than by the influence of ethanol only. PMID- 1111225 TI - [Acute toxic liver lesion through industrial noxious substances and drugs in higher than therapeutic doses]. AB - From the accessible material an attempt was made to estimate the frequency of acute toxic disturbances of liver and its relation to all intoxications together with special regard to the composition of noxious substances on the conditions of this country. From 3700 cases of all acute intoxications or serious attempts of intoxication 54 cases were discovered to have marked hepatic disturbance (about 1.5%). The noxious substance causing hepatic disturbance in the overwhelming majority of cases was tetrachlormethan (and chemically related substances) or new herbicide drugs of the dipyridine compounds. The last mentioned group is highly lethal and the more important as it is a relatively new substance to which health control and practice is less accustomed as to a potential hepatotoxic drug than to tetrachlormethan. It is pointed further to a less frequent potential intoxication by phenylbutazone and its derivatives especially in children and to the acute intoxication by INH when high single doses of this drug are used. PMID- 1111226 TI - [Changes in the composition of liver tissue and blood in liver steatosis]. AB - The results of clinical and biochemical evaluation of liver steatosis are presented. The advantage of the quantitative determination of lipids in the liver tissue is underlined. A direct correlation between accumulation of fat in the liver and that of lipid phosphorus in blood was found. The concept is put forward that in the group of patients studied the increased supply of lipids to the liver prevails in the mechanism of development of steatosis. PMID- 1111227 TI - [Basis of statistical methodology in medicine. VII. Description of the statistical complex]. AB - Description of statistical population is based on clear classification of the data obtained, construction of tables and graphs and calculation of suitable statistical parameters. The proceeding of calculation of the arithmetical means, distribution, standard deviation, and of coefficient of variance is described. PMID- 1111228 TI - [Cardiovascular changes in workers exposed to noise]. PMID- 1111229 TI - [Vertigo epidemica]. PMID- 1111230 TI - [Combined treatment of tetanus with diazepam and inderal]. PMID- 1111231 TI - [Significance of the glucose-amylase test following oral sugar loading in pancreatic and digestive tract diseases]. PMID- 1111232 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta with acute abdominal signs]. PMID- 1111233 TI - [Biliary ileus in gallbladder carcinoma]. PMID- 1111234 TI - [Exchange transfusion in the treatment of hepatic coma]. PMID- 1111235 TI - [Patients over the age of 60 at a Department of Internal Medicine]. PMID- 1111236 TI - [Cases of seldom occurring prostatic neoplams]. PMID- 1111237 TI - [Rapid detection of Trichinella spiralis infection in its focus]. PMID- 1111238 TI - [Physical efficiency of 9-year-old children in rural and urban populations]. PMID- 1111239 TI - [Oddi's sphincter incompetence as a complication of chronic duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1111240 TI - [Traumatic rupture of duodenum]. PMID- 1111241 TI - [Osteoma of temporal squama]. PMID- 1111242 TI - [Case of meningeal carcinomatosis with clinical pattern of ascending polyneuropathy]. PMID- 1111243 TI - [Contribution to the diagnosis of cryptogenic syncope attacks]. PMID- 1111244 TI - [Acute, non-inflammatory renal failure following extensive burns caused by potassium chlorate explosion]. PMID- 1111245 TI - [Accidental poisoning with zinc chloride]. PMID- 1111246 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with lung carcinoma]. PMID- 1111247 TI - [Mechanism of action of desferrioxamine]. PMID- 1111248 TI - [Normal values of some iron metabolism indices]. PMID- 1111249 TI - A possible new hazard of the intrauterine contraceptive device. PMID- 1111250 TI - Medical grand rounds: from the Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Medical Center: The evaluation of pleural effusions. PMID- 1111252 TI - Editorial: Pharmacy's new spokesman. PMID- 1111251 TI - Project PROTECT. PMID- 1111253 TI - [Human placental lactogen determination as one of hormonal parameters in the evaluation of high risk pregnancy in its 3d trimester]. PMID- 1111254 TI - [Dynamic tests of placental insufficiency. I. Value of the oxytocin test in the early diagnosis of placental insufficiency]. PMID- 1111255 TI - [Clinical aspects of cesarean section]. PMID- 1111256 TI - [Concentration of lactic acid, dehydrogenase and glucose in women in the course of pregnancy, labor and some gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 1111257 TI - [Diagnostic value of gynecography in women with menstrual disorders]. PMID- 1111258 TI - [Treatment of uterine corpus cancer of I/1 degree. Preoperative telegammatherapy]. PMID- 1111259 TI - [Cure of a patient with preservation of fertility in a case of ovarian dysgerminoma with metastases]. PMID- 1111260 TI - [Clinical evaluation of uterine contractility]. PMID- 1111261 TI - Course of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in young and aged mice. AB - The course and histological picture of intracerebral LCM virus infection was found to differ in mice with their thymus displaying an age-dependent involution and in young adult animals. Signs of lymphocytic choriomeningitis were absent in 75 per cent of the aged animals. The change of the characteristic clinical and histological picture referred to the decreased cellular immune response of aged animals, ascribed to the age-dependent involution of the thymus. PMID- 1111262 TI - A new two-stage respirable dust sampler. AB - The design and laboratory evaluation of a new two-stage aerosol sampler is described. The first stage of the sampler employs an integral flat plat impactor to remove particles greater than 10 micrometers; particles that penetrate the impactor are collected on a 37 mm membrane filter with 5-micrometer pore size. The theoretical design parameters and experimental calibration data developed for the impactor sampling heads at flowrates of 2.0 and 3.0 liter per minute are presented, and their collection characteristics compared to those of present two stage respirable dust samplers. The advantages and disadvantages of the two-stage impactor sampler are discussed. PMID- 1111263 TI - Thermal oxidative decomposition studies of neoprene compositions. AB - Four neoprene compositions--uncured gum, known cured rubber, cable insulation, and hose conduit, the latter two used in underground mining--were subjected to thermal oxidative degradation under static and dynamic environments, and the volatile products were quantitated on a milligrams-per-gram basis. In a quiescent system at 370 degrees C, no glow was observed, the extent of oxidation was low, up to 84% of the chlorine content was evolved as hydrogen chloride, and the sulfur present was released largely in the form of carbon disulfide. Under more drastic conditions (higher temperatures and flowing air), glow occurred in several instances resulting in an increased production oxidation products as represented by CO2, COS, SO2, HCOOH, and CH3COOH, among others. Thermogravimetric investigations of the neoprene compositions show the first weight loss to correlate closely with hydrogen chloride evolution; furthermore, the use of thermogravimetric curves as means of meterial differentiation appears to offer a definite promise. PMID- 1111264 TI - Cobalt metal inhalation studies on miniature swine. AB - Cobalt is considered to be the chief component in the tungsten carbide mixture responsible for hard-metal disease. An animal inhalation study was undertaken simulating conditions under which these workers in the tungsten carbide industry are exposed to cobalt. In this semichronic study, miniature swine were exposed to an inhalation of pure cobalt metal powder at concentrations of 0.1% mg/m3 (present TLV) and 1.0 m/m3. At peroidic intervals, the following studies were performed: pulmonary function tests, electrocardiograms, x-ray examinations, blood and urine tests, electron microscopy, and light microscopic pathology. Early detection of pulmonary disease is apparent from the pulmonary function tests showing a mark decrease in lung compliance, and from electron microscopy showing an increase in the amount of septal collagen. This study demonstrates that the present TLV of 0.1 mg/3 for cobalt seems to be too high, even at this relatively brief duration of exposure. PMID- 1111265 TI - Measurement of the influence of a cement kiln stack on a surrounding residential community by injection of an identification particulate. AB - An identification particulate, barium sulfate, was injected into the kiln stack of a large cement plant in order to determine the effect of the particulate effluent of this stack on the immediately surrounding residential community. Meteorological conditions at the time of the injection favored deposition of the stack plume fallout directly over the location of a 7.75-km2 area in which both dustfall and suspended particle samplers were located. Dustfall data are reported for a 24-hour period to permit collection of all possible BaSO4-relatable stack emission. Collected particulate was analyzed for calcium and barium by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Collected dustfall particulates showed no stack effluent effect; collected suspended particulates exhibited a content of stack-relatable material in the amount of 1% of the total observed weight. PMID- 1111266 TI - A novel form of diffusion battery. AB - A novel form of diffusion battery uses a series of 635-mesh screens instead of the customary cluster of circular tubes or holes. Fifty-five screens are arranged in series so that the amount of aerosol penetrating through different numbers of screens can be measured with a condensation nuclei counter. This "filter stack" must be calibrated because theory is not available to calculate the performance of such screens with sufficient accuracy. For calibration a polydisperse aerosol such as ambient or silver aerosol is used to compare the performance of the screens with that of the cluster-tube and collimated-holes diffusion batteries, whose performance is known from theory. It was observed that a given number of screens is equivalent to a given number of batteries independent of the size or size distribution of the aerosol. This filter stack is very compact and light in weight (0.9 kg). It is particularly useful for measurements in the field. PMID- 1111267 TI - An improved aerosol generator. AB - An aerosolizer has been developed which automatically compensates for changes in the concentration and volume of a solution during aerosolization by adjustment of the temperature and pressure of the atomizing air jet. It represents the redesign of a generator previously used for short-term inhalation exposures (one-half to a few hours) where variability in solution concentration was not of great concern and solutions could be replenished daily. The stability of the original generator was quite inadequate, and it was not satisfactory for production of aerosols of constant physical characteristics over longer or repetitive time periods or where a minimum of manipulation is required--viz., for radioactive and other highly noxious materials. The redesigned aerosolizer should be valuable for long-term or repetitive use, since it requires no cleaning, merely refilling, and can 0e made as small or as large as experimental needs require. It should be particularly useful where correlations between the amount of deposition and aerosol characteristics are being studied. PMID- 1111268 TI - Determination of beryllium, cadmium, and tellurium in animal tissues using electronically excited oxygen and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - A method using electronically excited oxygen for destruction of organic matter and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of beryllium, cadmium and tellurium in animal tissues is presented. Samples are solubilized in dilute aqua regia after being subjected to an oxygen plasma, low-temperature (less than 190 degrees C) ashing system for 20 to 30 hours. Recovery data from spiked NBS freeze-dried bovine liver indicate a quantitative determination for the three elements. Limits of detection in micrograms of element per milliliter of solubilized sample solution are: beryllium, 0.05; cadmium 0.05; and tellurium, 0.50. Beryllium, cadmium, and tellurium assay data are reported for the fresh tissues of albino rats exposed to inorganic chemicals by oral or intraperitoneal routes. The tissues analyzed include: adrenal, brain, femur, heart, kidney, liver, lung, mesenteric lymph node, pancreas, prostate, seminal vesicle, spleen, testicle, and tracheal-bronchial lymph node. PMID- 1111269 TI - Hearing sensitivity in rural Michigan. AB - In a survey of the hearing sensitivity of a rural mid-Michigan population, 1,325 adults over 15 years of age received pure tone air conduction tests in a "mini" IAC room housed in a small trailer. In addition, a detailed questionnaire was administered to each person to obtain information about his exposure to noise vocationally and avocationally, family history of hearing loss, etc. Results indicated that, on the average, individuals displayed hearing losses considerably greater than was predicted on the basis of presbycusis alone. Also, people who had never had any industrial noise exposure had thresholds almost as poor as those who had worked in factories. These findings are discussed in view of the subject's exposure to various types of nonoccupational noise such as snowmobiles and motorcycles. PMID- 1111270 TI - Study of some parameters affecting noise level in textile spinning and weaving mills. AB - Noise was evaluated in six spinning and five weaving halls located in three textile mills in Egypt. Spindle speed (rpm) and loom speed (picks per minutes) were found to be important parameters affecting the noise level in these mills. Reduction of the number of spinning machines to five spindles per square meter of floor area will probably bring the noise level below the TLV. In the weaving departments, the decrease in the number of looms will not effectively reduce the noise level. PMID- 1111271 TI - Effect of informational load on human performance in a combined manual and decision task. AB - With the increased automation, the worker's role in the industry is changing. He is required to make use of his decision making as well as motor capabilities (Type II tasks). Production system designers and managers are required to predict and evaluate human performance. The techniques available are suitable for tasks involving manual motions. To obtain an insight of the human performance characteristics for Type II tasks, experimental investigations in which the informational load could be varied and the magnitude of manual motions could also be altered were undertaken. Five subjects were tested in a 3 x 2 completely randomized and full factorial experiment. The three levels of informational load were 1, 2 and 3 bits and two distances of manual motions were 7 inches and 14 inches. In addition to measuring performance times, heart rate and breathing rate of the subjects were also monitored. Performance time and heart rate difference were observed to increase as the informational load increased, while the distance was kept invariant. Breathing rate was not found to be a significant variable. PMID- 1111272 TI - Needle aspiration biopsy. A safe diagnostic procedure for lesions of the pancreas. AB - Thin-needle aspiration biopsy of the pancreas is a safe, accurate procedure that may be used for immediate diagnosis at the time of laparotomy. Twenty-eight aspiration biopsies of the pancreas were examined. Of the 18 cases of carcinoma, 16 were correctly diagnosed, one was considered atypical, and no abnormal cells were seen in one specimen. All ten of the cases diagnosed as benign are apparently free of pancreatic malignancy. The tumor cells are easily identifiable. No complication followed the procedure. PMID- 1111273 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the long saphenous vein. AB - An unusual instance of primary leiomyosarcoma of the left long saphenous vein, possibly the tenth recorded case, is presented. Leiomyosarcoma of large veins appears to be a distinct entity, in contrast to the benign counterpart, leiomyoma. The origin of the tumor from the vessel wall, its intraluminal growth, and its ultrastructure are demonstrated. Incidence, sex and age distribution, fate and therapy of patients who have leiomyosarcomas of the large veins gleaned from reported cases in the literature are included. PMID- 1111274 TI - The effects of age, sex, and smoking on erythrocytes and leukocytes. AB - Coulter model S blood counts were related to the age, sex, and smoking habits of 1,000 clinic patients. It was found that (1) women have larger erythrocytes than men; (2) erythrocytes enlarge as people age; (3) smokers have larger erythroycytes than nonsmokers; (4) the mean leukocyte count is higher in smokers and increases in proportion to the intensity of smoking. The causes of these alterations are not known. The data indicate that the normal standards for blood cell counts should be adjusted for age, sex, and smoking habits. PMID- 1111276 TI - Platelet activity ratio. A new approach for quantitation of platelet factor 3. AB - The ratio of kaolin recalcification time in platelet-poor plasma to kaolin recalcification time in platelet-rich plasma appears to provide a more accurate estimate of platelet factor 3 activity than measurement of kaolin recalcification time in platelet-rich plasma alone. This ratio is termed the "platelet activity ratio." Over a fairly wide range the platelet activity ratio appears to follow a linear log-log relationship to platelet count (platelet counts of 12,500 to 200,000). The use of diluted platelet substitute as artificial standard greatly simplifies preparation of (1) standard curves and (2) quality control plasmas. If platelet activity ratio is expressed as a percentage of normal platelet factor 3 activity, the normal range for "total" platelet factor 3 (PF3t) is 60 to 175% and normal range for "available" platelet factor 3 (PF3a) is 14 to 47%. PMID- 1111275 TI - Antithrombin and antithromboplastin activity accompanying IgG myeloma. Report of a case with a severe bleeding tendency. AB - Four basic coagulation tests, the prothrombin time, thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin consumption time, were used, with relatively simple modifications, to demonstrate the presence of two circulating anticoagulants in the blood of a patient with IgG myeloma and a severe bleeding tendency. PMID- 1111277 TI - The CLUE test. A multiparameter coagulation and fibrinolysis screening test using the platelet aggregometer. AB - Optical density measurements of plasma clot formation and lysis were recorded using a platelet aggregometer and strip chart recorder. It was discovered that, by adding standard solutions of ellagic acid-activated partial thromboplastin, urokinase, and CaCl2, and monitoring the reaction via the recorder, characteristic curves would be generated by normal human plasma. The curve segments were labeled Tc (clotting time), which correlated with the activated partial thromboplastin time, Fc (maximum optical density change), which paralleled fibrinogen concentration, and Tl (lysis time), which corresponded generally to plasminogen levels. Deviations from normal curve segments, observed in disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypo- and hyperfibrinogenemia, factor VIII deficiency, severe hepatocellular disease, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and neonates (normally low in plasminogen), indicated abnormalities which were substantiated by standard procedures. This new test, given the acronym "CLUE" for clotting and lysis, urokinase enzyme activated, appears to be sensitive, inexpensive and easily performed on a sample of 0.2 ml. of plasma in only 15 minutes. PMID- 1111278 TI - Transient, spontaneous bruising with long bleeding time and normal platelet count. AB - Spontaneous, widespread bruising in apparently healthy individuals relatively common among Thai children. It is a transient problem, unaccompanied by any common bleeding disorder of childhood. The physical defect is limited to the painless cutaneous lesions. Screening tests for hemostasis as well as tests of platelet function were measured in 24 of these patients. The significant abnormal findings were eosinophilia, prolonged bleeding time, positive tourniquet test and platelet dysfunction--i.e., defective ADP release and adhesivity to glass beads. So far, the condition appears to 0e a self-limited diathesis of unknown etiology. PMID- 1111279 TI - Hemoglobin hope: beta136 (H13) Gly leads to Asp in Georgia. AB - A fast-moving hemoglobin variant was detected in a screen for abnormal hemoglobins. Structural analysis shows that there is a substitution of glycine by aspartic acid at position in 136 in the beta chain. PMID- 1111280 TI - Endometrial biopsy. Pathologic findings in 3,600 biopsies from selected patients. AB - During a 14-year period (1959-1972), 3,600 endometrial suction biopsies were performed in the office for specific indications in selected patients. Three hundred seventy-seven biopsies (10.5%) revealed abnormal findings. Of these, 233 showed endometritis, 96 associated with necrotic decidual or placental tissue, or both; one with tuberculosis, and 136 with no specific causative agent. In 84 biopsies endometrial hyperplasia was present; 34 contained polyps from the cervix or endometrium. Eighteen malignancies were diagnosed, four of which originated in the cervix and the remainder in the endometrium. Used judiciously, the procedure is per,aps the most reliable means of evaluating the uterine cavity short of a formal dilatation and curettage.. PMID- 1111281 TI - The presence of Hb J alpha15 Gly leads to Asp in an Italian family in the United States. AB - A fast-moving hemoglobin variant was detected by electrophoresis. Sequence analysis revealed a substitution of glycine by aspartic acid at position 15 in the alpha chain. PMID- 1111282 TI - Adsorption chromatographic purification of isopropanol for triglyceride precision. AB - A simple continuous flow adsorption chromatographic column is used to remove trace impurities in reagent grade isopropanol. The use of this purified reagent grade isopropanol as the extraction solvent for triglycerides results in improved precision in triglyceride assays. PMID- 1111283 TI - Proficiency testing, trouble shooting and quality control for the RPR test. AB - A Syphilis Serology Proficiency Testing Program revealed that 182 of the 272 (67 percent) participating laboratories failed to report acceptable results for a minimally reactive pair of serum samples. It was noted that serious technical errors involved the antigen, use of controls, procedures and in some cases, the lack of training. A program involving strict quality control measures is presented for use in routine syphilis serologic procedures. PMID- 1111284 TI - Letter: Assay of alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 1111285 TI - Rotation of spin-cast hydrogel lenses. AB - This study was designed to determine if spin-cast hydrogel contact lenses rotate on the eye, and if so, to investigate the parameters which influence rotation. If these lenses do rotate, correction of residual astigmatism may be difficult, if not impossible. We monitored the lens rotation associated with 12 specially marked B and L Soflens TM contact lenses on six corneas after insertion and 30 minutes later by use of high speed motion pictures. To analyze lens rotation, the film was projected with a stop action projector and the amount of rotation measured with a protractor. Thirty-one percent of the 144 observations made showed some lens rotation, the majority of which was encyclorotation. Most of the lenses showed little or no change in rotation between the two time periods. Corneal curvature was the only lens or eye parameter associated with rotation. Why lenses were more likely to rotate on steeper corneas is not fully understood. Our findings indicate that Softlenses TM may rotate, but there is no definite way of determining in advance if a given lens will rotate on a given eye. This emphasizes the need for individualized lens fitting and proper patient monitoring. PMID- 1111286 TI - The depth-of-focus of the human eye for Snellen letters. AB - Snellen acuity is determined as a function of refractive error for two subjects under cyploplegia, using randomised test charts, constant test chart luminance and a series of artificial pupils. These results allow determination of the depth of-focus of the eye for Snellen targets, and it is shown that both optical and retinal factors influence the depth-of-focus achieved. Depth-of-focus is found to increase with decreasing pupil diameter and visual acuity. The clinical significance of these results, particularly with respect to the precision with which refractive error may be determined, is discussed. PMID- 1111287 TI - Diabetes screening with corneal aesthesiometer. AB - Recent clinical evidence that diminished corneal sensitivity occurs far more frequently (p less than 0.003) ) among diabetics than nondiabetics, supports the addition of aesthesiometry to the routine optometric screening battery for patients at risk of diabetes. This evidence is reviewed and quantitative estimates are presented to illustrate the clinical efficacy of this screening test. PMID- 1111288 TI - The non-contact ("air puff") tonometer: variability and corneal staining. AB - We investigated the possibility of significant corneal trauma (as revealed by slit lamp observation of the fluorescein instilled eye), and massage effects following determination of intraocular pressure with the A. O. Non-Contact tonometer (NCT). Fifteen different, normal human eyes were each applanated 150 successive times with the NCT; leading to the conclusion that only minor, superficial corneal epithelial defects sometimes resulted and that, in line with other studies, the initially higher readings (about 1 mm), obtained with the NCT, were most likely due to patient apprehension, while the subsequently lower readings represented patient acceptance of the process and were not a result of true aqueous massage. As in an earlier study, we found the instrument's variability to be about plus and minus 1 or plus and minus 2 mm and probably due to the subject's own cardiac cycle. PMID- 1111289 TI - Ocular dominance and amblyopia. AB - Ocular dominance, as measured in sighting tests, involves a temporary suppression of the input from the non-dominant eye in order to avoid diplopia. Amblyopia ex anopsia may be viewed as a long term suppression of the input from one eye for the same reason. In the absence of anisometropia, paralysis of extra ocular muscles, or other factors which would tend to determine which eye would manifest suppression, the non-dominant sighting eye should be more likely to develop amblyopia given the presence of strabismus. A sample of 258 amblyopes supports this prediction based on the population norms for sighting dominance. PMID- 1111290 TI - Visual performance through a sample windshield segment of the B-1 aircraft. AB - The stereopsis performance of 16 subjects was measured on an automated Howard Dolman apparatus and compared with their performance through a sample segment of a proposed B-1 aircraft windshield. Recognition visual acuity was determined for 15 subjects using a low-contrast Landolt C target viewed with and without the segment. When the task was performed through the windshield segment, a statistically significant loss in stereopsis resulted, but no significant loss in visual acuity. PMID- 1111291 TI - "Forced elimination" of anomalous retinal correspondence in constant exotropia--a case report. AB - "Forced elimination" of anomalous correspondence in a patient with constant exotropia is discussed. Therapy was similar to classic visual therapy for esotropia: presenting targets at the angle of strabismus (Angle H) using a troposcope. Home therapy methods using anaglyphic techniques and after-images are described. PMID- 1111292 TI - Evaluation of the status of binocularity in the non-strabismic and strabismic with regular and prolonged testing. AB - The need for "in-depth" study of the status of binocularity in true space of both the non-strabismic and strabismic before orthoptics is discussed. Vectogram tests to ascertain the status of binocularity of the non-strabismic and the strabismic are explained. With the strabismic, the Single Oblique Mirror Stereoscope is used and the tests with it are enumerated. Significant enhancement of diagnosis of the status of binocularity in the non-strabismic is obtained by testing over a prolonged period of time, instead of relying only upon tests based upon instantaneous response. Prolonged testing techniques utilizing Vectograms in which the patient used alternating saccadic, jump, oculo-rotary fusional movements from the straight ahead position into the lower reading field are used. PMID- 1111293 TI - Life strengths and life stresses: explorations in the measurement of the mental health of the Black aged. AB - This paper describes an attempt to understand the self-concept, social characteristics, personal strengths, and frailties of a group of older black men and women, in order to tailor mental health and social work services to their needs. Difficulties inherent in obtaining such information were minimized by a methodology that integrated the research and service aspects of the project. Results of the pilot study, and service implications, are discussed. PMID- 1111294 TI - Evaluation of a large-scale brief therapy program for children. AB - A brief therapy program for children and adolescents is described, and a multimeasure evaluation of treatment is presented for all cases seen during the first four years. On the basis of previous intake-diagnostic procedures, readmission rates, therapist ratings, problem checklists, and follow-up questionnaires, brief therapy is seen as a highly efficient and effective treatment approach. PMID- 1111295 TI - The ego and the integration of violence in homicidal youth. AB - Youths committing homicides or other acts of violence appear to be increasing in number at an alarming rate, causing mounting concern to society and pressure upon those charged with their rehabilitation. Nine such youths were studied to define similar parameters in each around which a viable theory of causality could be delineated, and an approach to treatment designed. PMID- 1111296 TI - Do doctors know what children know? AB - Adults often assume that if they explain something to a child calmly and rationally, the child will understand. Informed by piaget's theory about cognitive development, children of preschool and elementary age were asked to use two common pediatric tools, and to explain how they functioned. Predicted differences were found. PMID- 1111297 TI - Intervention with families of gender-disturbed boys. AB - A treatment program for gender-problem boys and their families is described. In addition to being highly effeminate in their interests, the boys were also markedly deficient in social skills, especially with peers. Intervention procedures were based largely on behavior modification principles, and were eventually applied in group settings for both the boys and their parents. PMID- 1111299 TI - The solo woman in a professional peer group. AB - The role of the lone woman was studied in six small groups--three T-groups and three work-groups--each containing one woman. All the women became deviants, isolates, or low status regular members of their groups. Reasons for this finding are discussed, and strategies are suggested whereby a woman may avoid depression if she finds herself in a similar setting. PMID- 1111298 TI - Symptom development in Vietnam era veterans. AB - Recent studies and clinical reports concerning Vietnam returnees have led to contradictory conclusions as to maladjustment. A questionnaire and symptom checklist was obtain-d from 207 veterans. Significant differences in the mean number of symptoms (e.g., recurrent nightmares, fears, etc.) were found between the combat and non-combat groups. PMID- 1111300 TI - Mother-child interaction: a comparison of hyperactive, learning disabled, and normal boys. AB - Groups of thirteen hyperactive, learning disabled, and normal boys were observed interacting with their mothers in a structured problem-solving situation. Mothers of hyperactive boys showed a higher level of involement in task solution, and reported more behavior problems, than did mothers in comparison groups. Likewise, hyperactive boys interacted more than learning disabled or control boys. PMID- 1111301 TI - Relationship of certain childhood 'traits' to adult psychiatric disorders. AB - An investigation of 174 adult psychiatric outpatients reporting on nine different difficulties they may have experienced as children suggests certain links between childhood difficulties and lifelong personality traits, as well as adult psychiatric symptomatology. Findings suggest that the childhood traits related to schizophrenia might be manifestations of minimal organic brain dysfunctioning. PMID- 1111302 TI - A comparison of voluntary and involuntary patients in a state hospital. AB - A study of 78 involuntary and 47 voluntary patients three months after admission to a state hospital revealed significant differences in presenting symptoms and in the rate of elopement from the hospital. The data support maintaining procedures for involuntary hospitalization, but also suggest the need for alternatives in view of the high elopement rate. PMID- 1111303 TI - Do mental patients want legal counsel? A survey. AB - Fifty patients on the admission ward of a state hospital were asked questions about whether they felt a need for legal aid. Nearly all responded in a meaningful manner, and half indicated a need for legal aid. Most likely to express a need for counsel were older patients, those involuntarily confined, those who had been previously hospitalized, and those classified as paranoid schizophrenic. PMID- 1111304 TI - Supervision and the emerging professional. AB - A model for the training of supervisors of new professionals is presented. Highlighted are concepts, principles, and methods of supervision, with emphasis on such issues as entry, race, class, sex, and upward mobility of the emerging professional in the established mental health system. PMID- 1111305 TI - Modifications occurring during acquisition of a novel throwing task. PMID- 1111306 TI - Intracavitary irradiation of early rectal cancers for cure. PMID- 1111307 TI - Hepatic involvement in amoebiasis. PMID- 1111308 TI - Acute appendicitis--review of 970 cases. PMID- 1111309 TI - Inflammatory disease of the colon with fistulization to the posterior membranous urethra. PMID- 1111310 TI - Rectal carcinoma. A two part study of tumour proliferation and host cellular immunity. PMID- 1111311 TI - Mental changes associated with hyperparathyroidism. AB - To document the point that the hyperparathyroidism should be considered a possible cause of unexplained neurological and psychiatric symptoms, the authors present five case reports of confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism in which the patients initially appeared with problems that seemed mainly psychiatric. The presenting symptoms in these cases consisted of varying degrees of depression, catatonia, confusion, disorientation, fatigue, and lethargy; there was no associated bone or renal pathology in four of the cases. The authors include a review of the pertinent literature and a discussion of the effect of calcium and magnesium bivalent ions on the central nervous system associated with hyperparathyroidism. They conclude that more investigation of the role of magnesium in this disease seems warranted. PMID- 1111312 TI - The effect of living alone on bereavement symptoms. AB - The author reports on a study of widows and widowers who were followed for one year after the deaths of their spouses. The study shows that bereavement itself rather than the effects of living alone influences the occurrence of depressive symptoms in widows and widowers at one month. The data gathered also support the idea that younger people who have lost a spouse tend to show more physical depressive symptoms and to require hospitalization more often than either matched married controls or older widows and widowers at one year. PMID- 1111313 TI - The validity and significance of the clinical diagnosis of hysteria (Briquet's syndrome). AB - The author states that a valid diagnostic classification based on the medical model is a sine qua non for progress in psychiatric research and treatment and that such classification requires follow-up and family studies. To illustrate this point he reports on studies showing that hysteria, or Briquet's syndrome, is a valid clinical entity that follows a predictable course and clusters in certain families. He also reports that an association between hysteria and sociopathy has been demonstrated, suggesting that the two conditions may arise from sililar etiologic and pathogenetic factors. PMID- 1111314 TI - The treatment of adopted versus neglected delinquent children in the court: a problem of reciprocal attachment? AB - The authors investigated the discrepant treatment by a juvenile court of adopted versus neglected delinquents. Adopted delinquents received harsher dispositions in spite of the fact that neglected delinquents often faced more serious charges. The two groups are compared in terms of family structure and the criminal and psychiartic histories of their parents; none of these seems to account for the adoptees' harsher treatment. The authors hypothesize that an interplay of late adoption intrinsic vulnerabilities in the children, and weakness of parental bonds accounts for the differential outcomes. PMID- 1111315 TI - Prevention in mental health: a controlled study. AB - The authors conducted a controlled study in which families who had experienced the sudden death of a family member were given crisis intervention services and compared at follow-up with two untreated control groups. Results did not support the hypothesis that such services decrease the risk of psychiatric illness, disturbed family functioning, or increased social cost to the families. The authors suggest that environmental and social systems factors and individual variables are powerful predictors of outcome in bereavement. PMID- 1111316 TI - Suicide in the psychiatric hospital. AB - The authors note that although the psychiatric hospitals is often used as a means of preventing the suicide of disturbed patients, some hospitalized patients succeed in committing suicide; such as an event is distressing for hospital staffs as well as for patients and families. However, the authors believe that the occasional occurrence of in-hospital suicide is inevitable. They present data on the frequency and characteristics of suicides among hospitalized psychiatric patients in Los Angeles County during the period from 1967 to 1972.?23AUTHOR PMID- 1111317 TI - The addict, abstinence, and the family. AB - The drug addict generally has an extremely difficult time terminating drug use and remaining abstinent. A partial explanation can be found in an investigation of the relative meaning of the drug for the addict within his social context rather than viewing the drug simply as a pharmacological agent. The idea that addiction is a social phenomenon within the addicts family suggests a relationship between the functioning of the families of addicts and their inability to tolerate abstinence. Because the abuse of heroin or barbiturates by one family member can result in "rewards" for all family members, the family, in behaving as if the addict cannot control his drug use, functions in such a way as to reinforce the addiction. PMID- 1111318 TI - A teaching drill in child psychiatry. AB - The authors report on a teaching drill for psychiatric trainees that tests their ability to communicate child psychiatry concepts to a nonpsychiatric physician and to parents of a disturbed child as well as their abilities in the role of a supervisor and a "visiting professor." It was found that the drill was a learning experience for the trainees that focused attention on their problems in integrating their psychiatric skills and identity with their identification with the medical model. PMID- 1111319 TI - Sexual dysfunction in college men and women. AB - The author presents data and illustrative excerpts from 1,000 letters relating to health and personal concerns that were sent to his column in a college newspaper. There were 532 letters expressing sexual concerns, 65 percent of which raised questions about anatomy and physiology. A comparison of the distribution of problems of sexual dysfunction in this study with that of an earlier study involving older patients showed very different distributions. The author points out the need for sex counseling and education for young people who are sexually active and discusses the unique problems involved in treating this population. PMID- 1111320 TI - Short-term treatment of Sexual problems: interim report. AB - Of 52 couples requesting treatment for sexual disorders, 16 were treated in accordance with the protocol of Masters and Johnson except that most were seen once a week for 10 or more weeks rather than daily for a briefer period. The treatment results were less successful than those obtained by Masters and Johnson. The authors believe that the successes of this approach nonetheless suggest a need to reevaluate the degree to which sexual problems may be conditioned responses. They also stress the need for specifying the degree of improvement among nonfailures for purposes of comparison and follow-up. PMID- 1111321 TI - Difficulties in brief conjoint treatment of sexual dysfunction. AB - The authors offered conjoint treatment of sexual dysfunction to an unselected population in a military hospital for one year. Of the 10 couples who requested treatment, 7 were treated by techniques outlined by Masters and Johnson. The couples who completed the treatment exercises improved, and neurotic interactions, presumably resulting from the symptoms, often disappeared. The couples who avoided the exercises had interactional patterns dominated by projection and blame, sadomasochism, and depressive features; typically their marital difficulties were aggravated by the treatment. PMID- 1111322 TI - Psychopharmacologic management of patients: a method for recording treatment decisions. AB - The authors describe a drug treatment form they designed, the KDS-8, that is suitable for use in all types of treatment settings. An important feature is a checklist of treatable target symptoms, with categories of improvement, no change, or worsening. Changes in drug regimen and the clinician's reasons for them are noted. Among the advantages the authors cite are easy retrievability of drug treatment data and the forms suitability for use in audit procedures and research. PMID- 1111323 TI - Civil liberties versus involuntary hospitalization. AB - The authors examine the issue of involuntary hospitalization for mental illness with particular reference to legal rights and civil liberties. Follow-up data of patients treated on a closed ward, as well as other available evidence, indicate that society is not ready for the abolition of involuntary hospitalization. The authors believe that the most fundamental right of the patient is that of adequate treatment, and therefore this should take precedence over an absolute right to liberty. PMID- 1111324 TI - Brain hypoxia, minimal brain dysfunction, and schizophrenia. AB - The author hypothesizes that individuals who suffer brain hypoxia prenatally, perinatally, or immediately postnatally constitute a population at risk for minimal brain dysfunction and for schizophrenia in adulthood. This hypothesis has implications for early intervention with children who have MBD and their families and for multidisciplinary management of these cases throughout childhood. PMID- 1111325 TI - The educational process as a treatment modality in a drug rehabilitation program. AB - The authors describe an eductional program that is an integral part of a residential drug rehabilitation program. They believe that effective treatment of drug addiction must provide individuals with the opportunity to acquire skills that will make it easier for them to compete in the job market when they leave the program. They discuss how the educational process serves as a treatment modality that supplements and complements the other aspects of the therapeutic community. PMID- 1111326 TI - Translating despair. AB - The author reviews two cases of suicide by Spanish-speaking patients who were evaluated and treated by English-speaking psychiatrists using a translator. He suggests that the patient's emotional suffering may be selectively underestimated when the clinician works by means of translation. The diagnosis may emphasize psychotic features of the illness and minimize the affective component; consequently the risk of suicide may be underestimated. PMID- 1111327 TI - Letter: Journal shredding strikes a responsive chord. PMID- 1111328 TI - Letter: A defense of the nonmedical model. PMID- 1111329 TI - Letter: S. Weir Mitchell rediscovered. PMID- 1111330 TI - Letter: Diagnosing caffeinism. PMID- 1111331 TI - Letter: Sybil: grande hysterie or folie a deux? PMID- 1111333 TI - Letter: On the rationale and consequences of the "illness" label. PMID- 1111332 TI - Letter: Credit where credit is due. PMID- 1111334 TI - Perceptions of emotional disorders among children as viewed by leaders, teachers, and the general public. PMID- 1111335 TI - Children's Mental Health Services in an Inner City Neighborhood. 1. A 3-year epidemiological study. PMID- 1111336 TI - Fee-for-service insurance versus cost financing. Impact on mental health care systems. PMID- 1111337 TI - A public health approach to suicide prevention. PMID- 1111338 TI - Social factors and neurotic symptoms in family practice. PMID- 1111339 TI - Development operations in mental health delivery systems. An urgent need. PMID- 1111340 TI - Influence of a folk superstition on fertility of Japanese in California and Hawaii, 1966. PMID- 1111341 TI - International health planning: socioenvironmental dimensions and community participation. PMID- 1111342 TI - Are some public health problems more equal than others? PMID- 1111343 TI - Physicians and the pressures of industrialization. PMID- 1111344 TI - Mind and body politic. PMID- 1111345 TI - Social problems and injury. PMID- 1111346 TI - Injury: intent and change. PMID- 1111347 TI - Integrating operations research and economics. PMID- 1111348 TI - Deep vascular schizogony in Plasmodium fragile: organ distribution and ultrastructure of erythrocytes adherent to vascular endothelium. AB - Erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium fragile, like those infected with P. falciparum and P. coatneyi, adhere to vessels in heart, adipose tissue and, to a lesser ex00 nm knob protrusions on the plasma membrane of infected erythrocytes. The close apposition between knobs and endothelium (1 nm or less) excludes macromolecules such as fibrinogen or antibodies as the adhesive force. The components on the membrane responsible for adhesion at the knobs remain unknown. PMID- 1111349 TI - Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis during, the El Tor cholera epidemic in Togo (West Africa). AB - In the course of the El Tor cholera epidemic in Togo (West Africa), Vibrio parahaemolyticus was identified as the causative agent of a cholera-like gastroenteritis. From September 1971 to March 1973 81 cases were confirmed bacteriologically. Seventy patients developed cholera-like symptoms and at first were wrongly diagnosed as cholera cases; 6 other patients were simultaneoulsy infected with El Tor vibrios and V. parachaemolyticus. There was a markedly higher incidence in males than in females. Only sporadic cases occurred, and outbreaks and secondary cases have not been observed. It is suggested that V. parahaemolyticus might be an important agent of acute gastroenteritis on the coast of West Africa. PMID- 1111350 TI - Lobomycosis as a disease of the Atlantic bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821). AB - Skin lesions on an Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin, captured off the coast of Florida, were investigated and found to be histologically and microbiologically indistinguishable from those caused in humans by Loboa loboi. All attempts to isolate the etiologic agent or to transmit the infection to mice and monkeys ended in failure. Sight records of other suspected dolphin cases of lobomycosis in Florida waters are described along with citations of two previously confirmed and published dolphin infections. PMID- 1111351 TI - The relative resistance of dengue-immune monkeys to yellow fever virus. AB - Dengue-immune rhesus monkeys were challenged with a South American and two African strains of yellow fever virus. Levels of viremia were reduced as compared with control nonimmunized monkeys. The results support the hypothesis that immunity to dengue in a human population acts as a barrier to establishment of yellow fever in that population. PMID- 1111352 TI - Ecology of California encephalitis viruses on the Del Mar Va Peninsula. II. Demonstration of transovarial transmission. AB - The high rate of Keystone virus recovery from Aedes atlanticus collected in 1971 and 1972 suggested that these mosquitoes might be emerging infected. To demonstrate the suspected transovarial transmission of this virus, developmental stages of A. atlanticus were collected from the field. Larvae were identified and pooled for virus isolation in suckling mice. Pupae were allowed to emerge in the laboratory, then were segregated by sex and pooled for virus isolation. Keystone virus was recovered from larvae, reared males and reared females, demonstrating transovarial transmission of the Keystone strain of California encephalitis by A. atlanticus. PMID- 1111353 TI - Genetics of pigmentation in Biomphalaria straminea. AB - A monogenetic factor determining basic pigmentation in Biomphalaria straminea follows simple. Mendelian inheritance and has at least three alleles, as in B. glabrata. Wild type pigmentation with black body, mantle collar and eyes is dominant; albino with no black pigment is recessive; and "blackeye" pigmentation, deficient in black pigment in body and mantle collar, is recessive to wild type but dominant over albino. PMID- 1111354 TI - Human urinary gnathostomiasis: a case report from Thailand. AB - Acase of urinary gnathostomiasis in a 32-year-old Thai woman, caused by an adult male Gnathostoma spinigerum, is described. The patient who had suffered from intermittent, subcutaneous gnathostomialis for about 10 years, developed pneumonia of the right lower lung followed by swelling on the right hypochondrium, and paresis of both legs accompanied by perianal numbness and retention of urine, and it seems reasonable to assume that the parasite migrated to the lung, hypochondrium, and the cauda equina, respectively. She later passed the worm, which we beleive problably came from the bladder. To the best of our knowledge, no case of human urinary gnathostomiasis has previously been reported in the English literature. PMID- 1111355 TI - Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. I. Epidermiological studies of microfilaruria. AB - Microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus were detected in the urine of 65 residents of three coffee plantations near Yepocapa, Guatemala. In this area the prevalence of microfilaruria is estimated to be between 17% and 30% of the population 10 years of age and older. Almost all of the people examined had clinical manifestations of onchocerciasis and 80% of them had microfilariae in skin snips. The frequency of microfilaruria is associated with the number of microfilariae in the skin. Within each age group those who had lived longer on the coffee plantations were more likely to have microfilariae in a skin snip and more likely to have microfilariae in their urine. The presence of subcutaneous nodules or history of prior nodulectomy did not reduce the incidence of microfilaruria nor did the presence of subcutaneous nodules increase the incidence of microfilariae in the urine. PMID- 1111356 TI - Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. III. Daytime periodicity of microfilariae in skin. AB - Periodicity of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the skin was not believed to exist until investigators in Africa recently demonstrated diurnal periodicity. Interestingly, this maximal density of microfilariae in the skin has been shown to coincide with the peak biting time of the Simulium vector. The current study was performed as part of other studies in Guatemala. Maximal density of microfilariae in the skin was at 1000 hours or shortly therafter. This peak is earlier than reported in Africa. The most active feeding period of Simulium ochraceum, believed to be the principal vector in Guatemala, had been previously shown to be from 0800 to 1000 hours. The current report lends support to other findings indicating that Onchocerca volvulus microlilariae have a diurnal periodicity. In addition, the occurrence of peak vector biting time at the same time as maximal numbers of microfilariae in the skin strengthens a hypothesis that these synchronous cycles have a biological significance. PMID- 1111357 TI - Onchocerciasis: prevalence of microfilaruria and other manifestations in village of Cameroon. AB - Onchoecercal microfilaruia was studied in the course of an epidemiologic investigation of diseases, infections, and general health conditions in a rural village on the Adamaoua Plateau in northern Cameroon. Microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus were observed in nearly one half of the skin snips taken from the village residents. The prevalence of onchocerciasis as diagnosed from skin snips increased with age, and was greater for males than females. The number of microfilariae per skin snip also increased wth age. The presence of subcutaneous nodules, inguinal lymphadenopathy, microfilariae in the urine, ocular lesions and prolonged itching all were related to both age and the presence of microfilariae in skin biopsy specimen, as well as to intensity of infection. Microfilaruria was not restricted to individuals with severe onchocerciasis. PMID- 1111358 TI - Effect of diethylcarbamazine on third stage Brugia malayi larvae in cats. AB - Forty-one experimental and 37 control cats were each infected with 50 Brugia malayi larvae in such a way that a preponderance of the larvae remained localized in the popliteal lymph node or in the lymphatics of the leg draining into that node. During the 1st week after infection cats were treated with varying doses of diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC). Two weeks after infection, necropsy for worm recovery was performed on treated and control cats. No living larva was recovered from 21 of 22 cats treated with a total of 10 mg DEC/kg body weight or greater. A single living larva was recovered in only 2 of 5 cats treated at 5 mg/kg. At 2 mg/kg, 8 of 10 cats had substantially fewer larvae than their controls; the remaining 2 were negative. In 4 cats treated with a total of 1 mg/kg, there was no reduction of larvae. All 37 untreated controls harbored living larvae, with a mean of 56% of the inoculum being recovered. PMID- 1111359 TI - Immune response of guinea pigs to Schistosoma mansoni. I. In vitro effects of antibody and neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages on schistosomula. AB - Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni were rapidly killed in vitro by IgG2 antibodies from serum of schistosome-infected guinea pigs and heat-labile factors present in normal serum. Addition of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes greatly increased the rate and degree of killing. Eosinophils and macrophages did not increase the level of killing, though they did react with schistosomula already damaged or killed by antiserum. Neutrophils and eosinophils reacted with schistosomula only in the presence of specific antibody, while macrophages nonspecifically attacked dead schistosomula. Serum antibody levels reached a plateau at approximately 6 weeks after a single infection. Attempts to precoat schistosomula with antibody prior to exposure to complement were largely unsuccessful. PMID- 1111361 TI - Inadvertent intracranial introduction of a nasogastric tube, a complication of severe maxillofacial trauma. PMID- 1111360 TI - Hypersensitivity to parasite proteolytic enzyme in schistosomiasis. AB - A proteolytic enzyme which hydrolyses hemoglobin was obtained from the supernatant fraction of homogenized Schistosoma mansoni. This enzyme elicited histaminic skin reactions in various animals, including man, which were infected with S. mansoni. It failed to induce reactions in monkeys harboring S. haematobium, S. japonicum, or S. intercalatum. In a preliminary field trial in the Caribbean, the skin test proved to be somewhat less sensitive than the customarily used extract of adult worms in Coca's solution. However, the enzyme appeared to induce fewer false positive reactions and delayed responses than did the Coca's extract. A new diagnostic test for schistosomiasis probably could be developed by using specific parasite enzymes against which the host has become sensitized in the course of infection. PMID- 1111362 TI - Massive swelling of the head and neck. PMID- 1111364 TI - Improved syringe for arterial blood sampling. PMID- 1111363 TI - Halothane inhibition of rna and protein synthesis of PHA-treated human lymphocytes. AB - Cultured human lymphocytes treated with phytohemagglutinin (PAH) ahd higher rates of RNA and protein synthesis, as judged by incorporation of the labelled precursors -3H-URIDINE AND -14C-leucine, than did control cultures without PHA. These cultures were prepared from cells of the same donor, as were a third set of cultures which were equilibrated with 2 per cent halothane. The increased rates of RNA and protein synthesis six and 16 hours after PHA ADDITION WERE INHIBITED BY THE HALOTHANE, MODESTLY AT SIX HOURS AND STRIKINGLY AT 16 HOURS. These experiments provide further evidence that halothane prevents recruitment of resting cells into the active cycle of cell division. PMID- 1111365 TI - Letter: Overinflating low-pressure cuffs to prevent aspiration. PMID- 1111366 TI - Effects of halothane on automaticity and contractile force of isolated blood perfused canine ventricular tissue. AB - The effects of halothane on canine ventricular automaticity and contractility were studied in intact and isolated heart preparations in which the right anterior papillary muscle and sinoatrial node of a recipient dog were separately perfused with arterial blood from a donor animal. One percent halothane inhaled by the donor dog decreased blood pressure and heart rate in the donor animal and sensitized the ventricle of the donor dog to the arrythmic effects of norepinephrine. One per cent halothane inhaled by donor dogs also produced negative inotropic and chronotropic responses in the isolated, perfused sinoatrial and ventricular oprparations, but had no effect on positive chronotropic or inotropic responses to norepinephrine or perivascular nerve stimulation. Norepinephrine administered to donor dogs produced no arrhythmia in either spontaneously beating or electrically paced recipient hearts even though producing ventricular fibrillation in the donor. The results suggest that re entry mechanisms play an important role in halothane-catecholamine-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 1111367 TI - Methoxyflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients: evaluation of anesthetic metabolism and renal function. AB - Serum ionic fluoride concentrations during and following low-dose (6.0 mg/100 ml, 3 hours) methoxyflurane anesthesia and elective operation were measured in 13 pediatric patients (mean age 10.2 years; mean weight 34.5 kg). Peak measured serum ionic fluoride concentration was 21.6 plus or minus 3.3 mumol/1 24 hours after anesthesia. In a previously reported study of adult patients (47.5 years; 71.9 kg), the peak measured serum ionic fluoride concentration was 43.9 plus or minus 5.7 mumol/1 24 hours after low-does (6.8 mg/100 ml,3 hours) methoxyflurane anesthesia. Possible explanations for lower serum ionic fluoride concentrations in pediatric patients comared with adults include 1) slower metabolism of nethoxyflurand; 2) increased renal clearance of ionic fluoride from the blood; 3) greater sorage of ionic fluride in bone; 4) more rapid methoxyflurane elimiantion in the postoperative period. Serum uric acid increased (4.4 to 6.4 mg/100 ml, not significant) 24 hours after anesthesia and operation, while blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine and osmolality were unchanged postoperatively. PMID- 1111368 TI - Effects of morphine-nitrous oxide anesthesia on cerebral autoregulation. AB - The effects of morphine-nitrous oxide anesthesia on cerebral autoregulation were studied in healthy male volunteers. Anesthesia was morphine, 2 mg/kg, and 70 per cent nitrous oxide in oxygen. Ventilation was controlled and carbon dioxide added to keep Paco-2 constant at 40 torr. Cerebral blood flow was measured first at the subject's normal mean arterial blood pressure, than at 60 torr and at 120 torr in a randomly assigned balanced order. Last, in five subjects cerebral blood flow was measured again at normal mean pressure. Blood pressure alteration was accomplished using phenylephrine or trimethaphan. Cerebral blood flow was 38.9 plus or minus 6.4 (SEM) ml/100 g/min at normal mean pressure, 49.5 plus or minus 10.7 ml/100 g/min at 60 torr. These values are not different a P IS LESS THAN 0.05. The data were analyzed for the possible effect of time on cerebral blood flow, and no change could be domonstrated. It is concluded that with Paco-2 constant at 40 torr morphine-nitrous oxide anesthesia does not significantly affect cerebral autoregulation in normal man. PMID- 1111369 TI - Individual organ contributions to the decrease in whole-body Vo2 with isoflurane. AB - The present study was designed to determine whether there were differebnces between the effects of isoflurane and halothane on canine whole-body Vo2 and myocardial, splanchnic, renal, and skelatal muscle Vo2's were determined at isoflurane concentrations equivilent to those used in a previous study with holothane. With increases in isoflurane, whole-body Vo2 decreased progressively. As with halothane, the major comdial Vo2 that was related to a reduction in cardiac output and arterial blood pressure; contributions from other organs were minor. No significant difference between the effects of isoflurane and halothane on whole-body or individual organ Vo2's was found. These finding support the view that anesthetic agents are no general metabolic depressants and that observed changed in whole-body Vo2 reflect the su-mated changes in individual argan Vo2's occasioned by an anesthetic-induced change in organ function and metabolic requirements. PMID- 1111370 TI - Effects of succinylcholine and d-tubocurarine on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia in dogs. AB - The effects of subparalytic doses of succinylcholine and d-tubocurarine on epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia were evaluated in dogs. Succinylcholine markedly increased (P is less than .05) the arrhythmogenicity of epinephrine and d-tubocurarine slightly decreased (P is less than .05) its arrhythmic effect. Prior administration of atropine resulted in a partial, but significant, reversal of this action of succinylcholine. PMID- 1111371 TI - Recertification. PMID- 1111372 TI - Laryngeal web in an infant with tracheoesophageal fistula. PMID- 1111373 TI - Rapid bedside estimation of wasted ventilation (Vd/Vt). PMID- 1111374 TI - [Obstruction of the popliteal artery caused by a mucinous cystic disease of the arterial wall]. PMID- 1111375 TI - [The costoclavicular syndrome. Personal experience]. PMID- 1111376 TI - [Functional importance of the collaterals of the deep femoral artery in cases of obstruction of its orifice]. PMID- 1111377 TI - [The vasoactivogram in the treatment of peripheral arteriopathies]. PMID- 1111378 TI - Evaluation of a bovine viral diarrhea vaccine produced in a porcine kidney cell line. AB - An attenuated bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) live-virus vaccine, produced in a continuous porcine cell line, evoked an immune response which produced a protective level of serum antibodies in vaccinated cattle. Post-vaccinal reactions to the vaccinal virus were not observed in cattle vaccinated at 5 feedlots or in cattle vaccinated in experimental tests. The vaccinal virus did not produce demonstrable viremia or detectable excretion of virus from the respiratory or digestive tracts. Leukopenia or abnormality in differential leukocyte values did not occur as with virulent BVD viral infection. Transmission of vaccinal virus from vaccinated cattle to susceptible controls did not occur under conditions in which vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle were in constant contact for 28 days. PMID- 1111379 TI - Effects of fasting on hepatic function in ponies. AB - Hepatic function was measured, using sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) in fed and fasted ponies. In the 1st experiment, single injections of BSP were administered, and the rate of removal of BSP from plasma was determined. Fasting decreased the rate of BSP removal from plasma, as indicated by increased half-time (t 1/2). In the 2nd experiment, BSP was infused for 5 hours, and its clearance from plasma was determined. Fasting decreased BSP clearance. In the 3rd experiment, BSP was infused consecutively at 2 dose rates, and maximal excretion and hepatic storage were determined. Although fasting did not affect maximal excretion, it decreased hepatic storage. Thus, results in the 3 experiments indicated a decreased hepatic clearance of BSP during fasting. PMID- 1111380 TI - Ventilatory alterations in normal horses in response to changes in inspired oxygen and carbon dioxide. AB - The influence of various concentrations of CO2 and O2 in the inspired gases on minute volume (V), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory rate (breaths per min; BPM) was examined in nonanesthetized, nonsedated normal horses. The VT and BPM increased linearly in response to increases in inspired CO2 concentration and curvilinearly in response to decreases in inspired Os concentration. The V increased curvilinearly in response to both increases in inspired CO2 concentration and decreases in inspired O2 concentration. PMID- 1111381 TI - Morphologic alterations associated with decreased cerebrospinal fluid pressure in chronic bovine hypervitaminosis A. AB - Arachnoid granulations and villi, choroid plexuses, and ependymal epithelium from 18 male Holstein-Friesian calves fed 108 (control), 8,800 (midly toxic), or 17,600 (severely toxic) mug of vitamin A/kg of live weight per day for 12 weeks were examined by light and electron microscopy for structural changes which could be used to explain the decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure seen in chronic hypervitaminotic A animals. In the toxic calf group, granulations were reduced to approximately two-thirds the size of those in the control calves, with the fibrous cap particularly being thinner and smaller. Second, height of epithelial cells of the lateral and 3rd ventricular choroid plexuses decreased significantly and that of the 4th ventricular choroid plexus, only slightly, as vitamin A intake increased. Structural differences of ependymal cells were not apparent between control and hypervitaminotic A calves. It is hypothesized that the thinner and less extensive fibrous cap of the arachnoid granulations in the toxic calves may result in increased permeability to CSF outflow. PMID- 1111382 TI - Epithelial cell migration in the small intestine of sheep and calves. AB - Replacement of villous epithelium in the small intestine of sheep and calves was studied by tritiated thymidine (3-H-TdR) autoradiography. Sheep were less than 1 day old, 3 weeks old, 3 months old, or more than 1 year old, and calves were less than 1 day old or 3 months old. In both species, there was marked variation in the location of labeled epithelial cells on villi among individuals from the same age group studied at the same time after administration of a single intravenous dose of 3-H-TdR. Labeled epithelial cells were confined to the proximal half of the villi at 48 hours after thymidine exposure in the animals, except some 3 month-old individuals from both species. Labeled epithelial cells had reached or were near the tips of the villi in these individuals at 48 hours. In both species, villi were longer and crypts were shorter in the newborn animals than in the older animals. The data were interpreted to indicate that replacement times were well in excess of 48 hours in neonates from both species and decreased somewhat with age. PMID- 1111383 TI - Ammonium nitrogen in fetuses of urea-treated sheep. AB - Eight pregnant Southdown ewes were treated (by drench) with 12.5 ml of 3.3 M urea solution per kilogram of body weight, and ammonium nitrogen concentrations of blood and tissues of these ewes and their fetuses were measured and compared with those of control ewes (given water by drench) and their fetuses. Blood ammonium nitrogen (BAN) and tissue ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentrations for liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle of ewes and fetuses were determined by an ion-exchange procedure. Samples of blood were collected before treatment, at 30, 90 and 150 minutes after treatment, and at death of the dam. The principal ewes had increasing BAN concentrations with time after drench, and their fetuses had significantly greater (P less than 0.01) BAN concentrations than fetuses from control ewes. All fetuses were alive after death of the dams and had lower TAN values than their dams. The differences in ammonia concentrations between ewes and fetuses were larger in the principal group than in the control group. Except for ewe muscle and fetal liver, all tissues of principals had significantly greater (P less than 0.01) TAN concentrations than those of controls. Muscle of principal ewes and hepatic tissues of their fetuses had greater (P less than 0.05) TAN concentrations than those of control ewes and their fetuses. PMID- 1111384 TI - Serum proteins of the Beagle dog: a two-dimensional electrophoretic study. AB - Beagle serum proteins were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by histochemical and autoradiographic techniques. Haptoglobin, hemoglobin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and lipoprotein and glycoprotein fractions were identified. Use of a continuous gradient polyacrylamide gel revealed serum protein fractions not previously described. PMID- 1111385 TI - Circulatory effects of halothane and halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in the dog: spontaneous ventilation. AB - The cardiovascular effects of equipotent (minimum alveolar concentration; MAC) doses of halothane versus halothane plus 25% N2O (H25N2O) in spontaneously breathing dogs do not differe except that nitrous oxide increased mean arterial pressure (AP) and decreased arterial oxygen partial pressure (PAO2). When 75% nitrous oxide was added to halothane anesthesia, AP, mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and left ventricular work (LVW) increased and PAO2 and hemoglobin saturation decreased. Arterial oxygen tensions below 80 torr were common at moderate and deep anesthetic levels of halothane plus 75% N2O (H75N2O). The specific contribution of N2O, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or temporal recovery (or a combination of these) in producing cardiovascular stimulation were not determined. PMID- 1111386 TI - Treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis in cats. AB - Ethylene glycol (EG) was orally administered to 27 cats at dose levels of 4, 6, or 8 ml/kg of body weight. Treatment was initiated 4 or 8 hours later and consisted of giving (intraperitoneal injection, IP) 5 ml of 20% ethanol in isotonic saline solution and 6 ml of 5% sodium bicarbonate in isotonic saline solution per kilogram of body weight. Treatment was repeated every 6 or 8 hours for approximately 56 hours after initial treatment was given. The 6 control cats (i.e., untreated) and all cats treated 8 hours after EG was given in doses of 6 ml/kg (4 cats) or 8 ml/kg (4 cats) died. Only 1 of 4 cats (25%) recovered in the group given EG at the dose level of 4 ml/kg of body weight and initial treatment started 8 hours later. Two of 3 cats (67%) recovered in each of the groups given EG at the dose levels of 4 ml/kg and 6 ml/kg and initially treated 4 hours after dosing, but only 1 of 3 cats (33%) recovered in the group given 8 ml of eg/kg and first treated 4 hours later. Limitations of successful treatment are high doses of EG and delays in initiating the treatment. PMID- 1111387 TI - Effect of age on epithelial cell migration in small intestine of chickens. AB - Villous length, crypt depth, epithelial cell migration rate, and replacement time were studied by autoradiography of histologic sections of small intestine from normal chickens exposed to tritiated thymidine (3-H-TdR). The results indicated that villi and crypts elongate, and epithelial cell migration accelerates between 1 day and 6 months of age. Epithelial replacement time seemed to increase with age of the chickens. Replacement was nearly complete in the 1-day-old group of chickens 5 days after thymidine exposure. In contrast, at this same time, replacement was only approximately 75 and 50% complete in the 3-week-old and 6 month-old groups of chickens, respectively. PMID- 1111388 TI - A field trial, using killed-Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine to protect against chicken respiratory mycoplasmosis. AB - In a field trial with chickens, the efficacy of killed Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine against respiratory mycoplasmosis was determined. Broiler chickens were vaccinated by aerosol administration at 3, 14, and 25 days of age, and observations were made of survival rate, body weight gain ratio, macroscopic lesion grade of airsacculitis, isolation of organisms, serologic test results, histopathologic changes, and clinical signs. Inhalation of the vaccinal aerosol did not influence livability and body weight gain ratios. In the control group, M gallisepticum, M synoviae, or both, wereisolated in 6 of 10 chickens at age 84 days and in 1 of 10 chickens at age 134 days. In all of the vaccinated groups (10 broilers each), however, results of bacteriologic cultural examination during the observation period were negative. The killed M gallisepticum vaccine also suppressed increase of antibody titers in the tube agglutination and the hemagglutination-inhibition tests at different intervals. Both the histopathologic changes and the clinical signs appeared minimal in the vaccinated group. PMID- 1111389 TI - Bovine spastic paralysis: cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in normal and spastic calves. AB - Homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 28 normal calves and 29 spastic calves. Concentrations of HVA were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in spastic calves, whereas differences in 5-HIAA concentrations were not found between normal and spastic calves. These findings indicate that a lower dopaminergic metabolism takes place in the central nervous system (CNS) of spastic calves. PMID- 1111390 TI - Anomalous pulmonary venous return in a Great Dane. AB - A five-month-old male Great Dane dog was clinically diagnosed as having a complex cardiac anomaly, including anomalous drainage of pulmonary veins. Thoracic radiographs were indicative of this condition, but cineangiocardiography was required for confirmation. At necropsy, examination of the heart revealed that all pulmonary veins entered the right atrium rather than the left atrium as in a normal animal. In addition, a large ostium secundum-type interatrial septal defect and stenosis of the pulmonic valve were demonstrated. PMID- 1111391 TI - Chronic subcutaneous implantation of a blood vessel catheter injection cap. AB - A technique was devised for chronic subcutaneous implantation of a blood vessel catheter-injection cap. The device consisted of a disposable injection cap and blunt needle, which had been coated with silicone medical adhesive, and a silicone rubber catheter, which was attached to the blunt needle. The catheter was surgically placed in a blood vessel, and the injection cap was left in the subcutaneous pocket. For usage, such as blood sample collection for measurement of pressure, a hypodermic needle with a 3-way stopcock attached was pushed through the skin and into the injection cap. After the procedure was completed, the catheter was flushed with diluted heparin solution, and the hypodermic needle was pulled out. This has been used in dogs and sheep for as long as 8 weeks. PMID- 1111392 TI - Editorial: Progress report. PMID- 1111393 TI - Absence of bacteremia after fiberoptic bronchoscopy. AB - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 43 consecutive afebrile patients with lung cancer. Blood cultures were drawn before the procedure, immediately afterward, and 30 min later. Although bacteria were isolated from all bronchoscopic washings and the majority of translaryngeal aspirates cultured, all blood cultures were bacteriologically sterile. No fever or evidence of infection developed in any patient within 24 hours after the procedure. PMID- 1111394 TI - Letter: Cigarette smoke as a carcinogen? PMID- 1111395 TI - The preformed stomas connecting the pleural cavity and the lymphatics in the parietal pleura. AB - Lympatics in the parietal pleura and diaphragm of rabbits and mice formed lacunas, terminal dilatations of lymphatic channels, with cribriform laminas bordering the pleural space at one end and one-way valves on the other end. The laminas consisted of a coarse mesh of connective tissue fibers covered by mesothelial cells at one side and endothelial cells at the other. At the fenestrated portions of the meshwork the basal surfaces of the 2 lining cells were closely apposed and some preformed stomas were found bridging the pleural and lymphatic spaces. No such structures were found in the visceral pleura, but similar cribriform laminas were also present in human parietal pleura at autopsy. Intrapleurally injected carbon particles reached the lacunas faster than similarly injected chicken red blood cells in living rabbits. Carbon particles appeared to pass through the closely apposed lining cells as well as the stomas but not into the intact interstitial structures. These structural and functional findings supported the observation that large particles and cells in the pleural cavity are removed only through the lymphatics and only at specific sites in the parietal pleura. PMID- 1111396 TI - Relationship of air trapping to increased lung recoil pressure induced by chest cage restriction. AB - Chest cage restriction was produced in 13 normal male subjects. We could not detect trapped air during restriction by comparing lung volumes determined by nitrogen washout with those determined by plethysmography. However, 3 subjects did have definite evidence of trapping because they released small amounts of air (mean, 61 ml) when the restriction was removed. Two subjects had suggestive evidence of trapping. Yet there was no correlation between trapping and the degree of increase in static lung recoil associated with restriction. Seven subjects had chest restriction produced while they were breathing air and again while they were breathing 100 per cent oxygen, in an attempt to reveal the presence of airway closure. In only one subject was oxygen breathing clearly associated with a greater then expected increase in lung recoil after restriction; suggestive changes were seen in 2 other subjects. However, there was no definite correlation between unusual increases in lung recoil induced by restriction while breathing oxygen and the presence of air trapping. We conclude that trapping, hence airway closure, is not required for the increase in static lung recoil that occurs with chest cage restriction. PMID- 1111397 TI - The bronchiolar epithelium in cigarette smokers. Observations with the scanning electron microscope. AB - Observations with the scanning electron microscope were made on the bronchiolar epithelium of 25 lungs removed at surgery. In all but 3 cases, the lungs were removed for a malignant tumor. Abundant ciliated cells were present in all lung specimens. In lungs obtained from nonsmokers, numerous Clara cells were present in the small bronchioles, whereas goblet cells were seen, and in most cases, the Clara cells were infrequent or absent. The evidence for the secretory nature of the Clara cells is discussed as is the possible effect on lung function of alteration in the type of secretory cell in the bronchioles. PMID- 1111398 TI - Effect of light on tuberculin purified protein derivative solutions. AB - The effect of light on the biologic potency of tuberculin purified protein derivative solutions at the concentrations commonly used in tuberculin skin testing programs in human and veterinary medicin was studied. Guinea pigs sensitized with bacille Calmette-Guerin were used to evaluate the potency of these solutions after exposure to light. The biologic potencies of solutions dispensed in colorless glass vials and exposed to daylight, fluorescent light, and ultraviolet light (366 nm) decreased significantly when compared to those of control solutions kept in the dark; solutions exposed to light assumed a deep brown color, whereas control solutions remained unaltered. The percentage loss of biologic potency decreased, whereas the absolute loss of potency, i.e., the loss expressed in tuberculin units, increased with tuberculin purified protein derivative concentration. In addition, after exposure to ultravoilet and, to a lesser degree, fluorescent light, the rubber stoppers of the colorless glass vials became sticky and adhered tightly to the glass. By contrast, the biologic potency of identical solutions dispensed in amber glass vials did not decrease significantly during 1 year of exposure to fluorescent or ultraviolet light. The solutions remained unaltered, and the rubber stoppers from all of the amber vials, whether exposed or not exposed to light, were not adversely affected. It is recommended that for storage of tuberculin the use of colorless glass or other containers that transmit ultraviolet light be discontinued. PMID- 1111399 TI - The early detection of airway obstruction. AB - To assess the sensitivity of tests for early, small airway obstruction, we selected 52 cigarette smokers with a ratio of 1-sec forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity greater than 70 per cent from a smoking cessation clinic. From these subjects, 29 of the 46 tested demonstrated frequency dependence of dynamic compliance, a finding arbitrarily defined as indicative of small airway obstruction in this group. Dynamic compliance was correlated with the British Medical Research Council questionnaire, routine pulmonary function tests, closing volume as a per cent of vital capacity, maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, and flow dependence of distribution of inhaled boluses of xenon-133 (finite difference Xe). Symptoms of respiratory disease, and abnormal flow-volume curves, specific conductances, and ratios of residual volume to total lung capacity were also present in some subjects, but they correlated very poorly with frequency dependence of dynamic compliance. On the other hand, finite difference Xe was abnormal in 85 per cent of cases with frequency dependence of compliance and closing volume was abnormal in 70 per cent. In 8 of 12 subjects restudied 2 months after they stopped smoking, dynamic compliance was less frequency dependent than before smoking cessation. Similar improvements were noted in finite difference Xe, but closing volume was unchanged. Although closing volume and dynamic compliance tended to be abnormal in the same subject, concordance was not excellent, and the effects of smoking cessation suggested that the 2 tests had different determinants. PMID- 1111401 TI - Variability of closing volume measurements in normal man. AB - Single breath oxygen measurements of closing volumes were performed in triplicate in 15 healthy nonsmoking young adults 3 times per day for 5 consecutive days. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the degree of variability in this test of lung function and, if possible, to specify its cause. The results demonstrated that sizable differences in the absolute volume for closing volume and for closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity can be present from trial to trial in any given person even though the technical aspects of the procedure are seemingly highly standardized. The reasons for this were found to be a combination of (1) the inherent variation in the expired volume that marked the onset of airway closure, (2) reader difficulties in detecting the onset of phase IV, and (3) variations in the expired vital capacity due to incomplete filling and/or emptying of the subject's lungs. The differences were not due to daily or diurnal rhythms or to a training effect. PMID- 1111400 TI - Clinical relevance of the flow rate response to low density gas breathing in asthmatics. AB - The maximal expiratory flow rate response to low density gas breathing was examined at the mid-vital capacity point in 31 asthmatic patients. Clinical features and long-term follow-up date were documented to assess the clinical relevance of the various responses. Many of the patients with chronic asthma had not responded adequately to outpatient therapy, and they had been admitted to hospital for evaluation and management. With increased steroid doses and intensive bronchodilator therapy, all showed considerable improvement and were studied when this improvement occurred. The remainder of the patients were studied after recovery from acute asthmatic attacks or during maintenance management as outpatients. All patients with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second is greater than 75 per cent of the predicted value and mid-expiratory flow rate is greated than 50 per cent of the predicted value at the time of study showed a good response to helium. Those patients with more severe obstruction could be divided into 2 groups, responders and nonresponders. A qualitatively similar response to normal subjects (density-dependent flow rates) was a feature of those patients who in general showed further improvement in ventilatory function on follow-up. A qualitatively similar response to that seen in patients with chronic irreversible obstruction (density-independent flow rates) was a feature of those patients who in general showed no further improvement in ventilatory function on long-term follow-up. There were, however, exceptions to both groups. We conclude that in asthmatics with more than mild air flow obstruction, the assessment of helium response can be of value in identifying those patients who have, in addition to asthma, chronic irreversible obstruction due to concommitant chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. Clinical assessment and measurement of single-breath diffusion of carbon monoxide provide additional support for the latter diagnoses and separate the few exceptions from the bulk of the nonresponders. Responders and nonresponders can be fairly reliably identified from the simply recorded exhaled flow volume curve, thus obviating the need for a volume displacement plethysmograph. PMID- 1111402 TI - The N2 closing volume test in population studies: sources of variation and reproducibility. AB - Sources of variation in the nitrogen closing volume test and derived measurements were examined in the results of 13 subjects, each of whom performed 3 sequential trials on 2 occasions 30 to 60 minutes apart, on 2 separate days 1 week apart (156 trials in all). Results were examined to evaluate the relative sensitivity of the various measurements for differences between sujbects and, by implication, their potential value in population studies. Using the ratio of signal (between subject variance) to noise (within-subject variance) as the criterion, the sensitivities of the ratio of closing volume to vital capacity (CV/VC,%) and the ratio of closing capacity to total lung capacity (CC/TLC,%) were comparable; contrary to expectation, sensitivity decreased rather than increased with side-by side compared to independent tracing analysis. Comparison of various test schedules showed the greatest sensitivity when the mean of 3 measurements was used, with a single measurement of CV/VC,% being only one-third as sensitive, and a single measurement of CC/TLC,% being one-half as sensitive as the mean. In addition, the validity of the measurements of total lung capacity from nitrogen dilution in a single oxygen breath was confirmed by the demonstration of good agreement with helium dilution values. PMID- 1111403 TI - Diffusing capacity, membrane diffusing capacity, capillary blood volume, pulmonary tissue volume, and cardiac output measured by a rebreathing technique. AB - A rebreathing method for estimating diffusing capacity, membrane diffusing capacity, pulmonary capillary blood volume, pulmonary capillary blood flow, and pulmonary tissue volume consists of rebreathing into a bag for 15 sec while acetylene, (18O)-carbon monoxide, oxygen, and helium are continuously sampled by a mass spectrometer. Because the masses of carbon monoxide and nitrogen are nearly identical at 28, it was necessary to use a stable isotope, C18O, to distinguish this gas with the mass spectrometer. Comparison of the pulmonary capillary blood flow by the rebreathing technique with the simultaneously obtained indicator dilution measurement in anesthetized dogs revealed good agreement. Estimations of pulmonary tissue volume appeared to be quite reproducible and consistent; the values tended to be somewhat smaller and less variable among normal subjects than reported by other investigators. After subtraction of capillary blood volume, tissue volume was 311 plus or minus 73 ml at rest and increased significantly to 352 plus or minus 61 ml at 75 watts of exercise. Pulmonary tissue volume in dogs using the rebreathing method averaged 9.2 ml per kg of body weight, a mean comparable to previously reported estimates using the ether plethysmographic method. The slope of pulmonary capillary blood flow (cardiac output in normal subjects) as a function of oxygen consumption during exercise in normal subjects of 0.0060 times oxygen consumption in milliliter per min was identical to published values. The rebreathing technique provides a rapid, reliable, noninvasive method for estimating pulmonary hemodynamic parameters. PMID- 1111404 TI - Liver granulomas containing copper in vineyard sprayer's lung. A new etiology of hepatic granulomatosis. AB - In a previous publication the writers described a new pulmonary disease in rural workers who sprayed vineyards with Bordeaux Mixture, a copper sulfate solution neutralized with hydrated lime for the prevention of mildew. The study of the liver of these patients at autopsy and percutaneous biopsy revealed histiocytic and noncaseating granulomas containing inclusions of copper, identified by histochemical techniques. The occupational exposure to copper sulfate, the characteristic pulmonary lesions of vineyard sprayer's lung, and the presence of copper in the liver of these patients define this new variety of hepatic granulomatosis. PMID- 1111405 TI - Autoanalytic (colormetric) determinations of SGOT in isoniazid recipients are reliable. AB - A study was made to determine whether the ingestion of isoniazid interfered with the colormetric reaction used in most autoanalyzers to measure serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Colormetric (autoanalytic) and noncolormetric (enzymatic) measurements of SGOT were made on a venous blood sample from each of 100 hospital employees who were taking isoniazid to prevent tuberculosis. The 2 techniques of measuring SGOT yielded comparable results. It was concluded that autoanalytic (colormetric) measurements of SGOT in isoniazid recipients are reliable. PMID- 1111406 TI - Letter: Rifampin concnetrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 1111407 TI - Letter: Theophylline toxicity due to impaired theophylline degradation. PMID- 1111408 TI - Cysticercosis: an unusual cause of papilledema. AB - A case of cerebral cysticercosis with papilledema is presented in a 44-year-old Mexican woman who progressed to optic atrophy despite a ventriculoatrial shunt. The diagnosis was made on testing the cerebral spinal fluid for the indirect hemagglutination response to cysticercosis. The problems of the pork tape-worm as well as several references from the literature are discussed pertaining to ocular and cerebral involvement. Although this disease is not common in the United States we should think of it in cases of papilledema in patients from endemic areas and in those who have traveled in those areas and eaten pork not properly cooked or frozen. PMID- 1111409 TI - Simplified refracting technique in keratoconus. AB - A simple but effective technique to refract keratoconus patients is presented. The theoretical objection to these methods are discussed. In addition, a formula to calculate lenticular astigmatism is presented. PMID- 1111410 TI - Further use of polyglycolic acid (Dexon) sutures in cataract and other intraocular surgery. AB - Polyglycolic acid sutures were used in 239 cases of intraocular surgery (164,6-0 size, 75, 7-0 size). Most of these (226) were cataract extractions. The results were excellent, with minimal complications. The 6-0 suture was somewhat stiff and associated with some tissue drag. The 7-0 size overcame these deficiencies and was considered the closest approach to date to the ideal absorbable suture. In addition, these appears to be an inhibition to bacterial penetration by PGA. PMID- 1111411 TI - Retinal telangiectasis: delayed response to photocoagulation. AB - A case suggestive of early Coats' disease treated cautiously with xenon arc photocoagulation is presented. Although adequate reaction was observed, the abnormal vessels persisted through the initial follow-up period. However, 9 months after treatment the vessels were found to be obliterated. PMID- 1111412 TI - Evaluation of a new tropical steroid, fluorometholone, in the postoperative course of the cataract operation. AB - This is a study of the effect of steroids on ocular tension, in the postoperative course, in a group of 23 patients operated upon simultaneously for cataract in both eyes. In the right eye fluorometholone and in the left eye dexamethasone drops were instilled 3 times a day. Tensions which were somewhat higher were appreciated after the third week of the postoperative course in the eyes treated with dexamethasone. PMID- 1111413 TI - Ocular penetration of pilocarpine: The effect of multiple doses on the ocular penetration of pilocarpine. PMID- 1111415 TI - The importance and accuracy of the water drinking test and tonography. AB - The water drinking test was performed on 122 glaucoma suspect patients using the standardized Schiotz tonometer and Goldmann applanation tonometer. Additionally, the tonography was performed on 12 glaucoma suspect patients before the water test and on 69 glaucoma suspect patients after the water test. Our results showed that the most accurate test is the applanation water test. However, the accuracy of tonography was also increased if the tonography was performed after the water drinking test. The evaluation of the water drinking test only by Schiotz tonometer was not satisfactory. By using the applanation tonometry the sensitivity of the water test could be improved by 70%. PMID- 1111414 TI - The influence of tropicamide on intraocular pressure. AB - Elevation of intraocular pressure by many cycloplegic drugs has been reported to occur in eyes in which the filtration angle remained open during mydriasis. Tropicamide 1% is also capable of this phenomenon in patients with open angle glaucoma who are being medicated with pilocarpine. However, in normal eyes as well as those with untreated open angle glaucoma, this cycloplegic has a relatively small effect on intraocular pressure. It is postulated that this difference between the subject groups may be due to competitive inhibition of the miotic at the receptor site in those treated with pilocarpine. In 3 patients in whom the intraocular tension elevation was found to be quite marked, heavy pigments showers in the anterior chamber occurred which suggested an outflow obstructive phenomenon similar to that seen in "Pigmentary Glaucoma." PMID- 1111416 TI - Amaurosis congenita (Leber). AB - A case of Leber's amaurosis congenita is presented. The patient was bilaterally and congenitally blind. She had nonrecordable ERG responses and a striking fundus appearance with multiple irregularly shaped yellowish white flecks deep in the retina, peripheraly distributed over an area extending from behind the equator to the ora serrata. No flecks were present in narrow bands on both sides of the retinal vessels and in the whole nasal portion of the fundus. Fine powdery granules of pigment were diffusely spread in the areas that were devoid of flecks. The macula and the optic disc showed no gross abnormality. Although this fundus appearance resembles that of the flecked retina syndrome and Oguchi's disease, retinal function in this case is more profoundly affected than in either of the two. PMID- 1111417 TI - Long-standing anterior dislocation of the crystalline lens. AB - We believe this is the first reported case of an anteriorly dislocated lens that produced no pain or discomfort for at least 4 months, ie, March to July 1972. Even after July, the symptoms were not severe enough for this man to seek medical attention until September 1972. The lens may have been dislocated as early as age 5 since, according to his history, surgery was suggested at age 7 for the right eye. A pupillary block may have developed in March 1972, causing an intraocular pressure rise which eventually led to enucleation in September 1972. The microscopic evidence of fibrovascular adhesions of the lens to the iris and cornea documents the long-standing nature of this condition. PMID- 1111418 TI - Chiasmatic arachnoiditis and empty sella: report and discussion of a case. AB - The case is presented of a 5-year-old boy with progressive visual loss and physical findings suggestive of pituitary dysfunction. A craniotomy revealed opticochiasmatic arachnoiditis and empty sella. The concomitance of these conditions has not been reported. Both entities are associated with arachnoid cysts or cyst-like swellings of the arachnoid, according to the literature. It is proposed that a primary arachnoid cyst may have displaced the pituitary in the sella resulting in secondary inflammatory responses which affected the chiasm. An alternate, but similar explanation, would involve a perichiasmatic arachnoiditis of unknown cause resulting in cystic invasion of the sella. Rupture of the presumed cyst is believed to have occurred late in the preoperative course, and to have been responsible for aggravation of the symptoms. PMID- 1111419 TI - A follow-up of blind diabetic patients. AB - This report concerns the subsequent fate of 95 blind diabetics who were using a Seeing Eye guide dog in 1964. In 1973, 9 years later, 40 were known to be dead, 31 were known to be alive, and no data were available on 24. The average interval from onset of severe blindness to death in 37 of the 40 who had died is 9.4 years. The mean age at death was 43.2 years for the group. This compares favorably to our original study which showed an average survival from onset to blindness to death of 5.8 years, and an average age at death of 35.9 years. Because follow-up data are incomplete for the 1964-1973 interval, the true figures may be poorer than the ones reported now. In any case, it is apparent that the life expectancy of the blind diabetic is still poor after the onset of blindness from severe retinopathy. PMID- 1111420 TI - An unusual keratoconjunctivitis occuring after long time wearing of the A O Softon (Formerly Griffin or Bionite) hydrophilic contact lens. PMID- 1111421 TI - Microspectrophotometric estimates of non-histone proteins in cell nuclei displaying differing degrees of chromatin condensation. AB - Nuclei isolated from mouse thymus, kidney, and liver were fixed in ethanol-acetic acetic acid; treated with dilute acid to extract histones; stained by three protein end-group procedures; and measured by scanning, integrating microspectrophotometry. Measurements were also made of nuclei isolated from the same organs and stained by the Feulgen procedure for DNA. Protein end-group procedures included pH 2.8 Biebrich scarlet (for basic groups), mercury orange (for sulfhydryl groups), and mercury orange after thioglycolate reduction (for the sum of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups). With the exception of the comparison between Feulgen-stained 2C liver and kidney nuclei, the integrated extinction values obtained for nuclei of a given organ differed significantly from the measurements of nuclei from other organs, regardless of the staining procedure. Furthermore, the integrated extinction values for 2C nuclei were highest in larger, more vesicular nuclei (from liver and kidney) and lowest in condensed thymocyte nuclei, except in the case of measurements of the disulfide content of the nuclei. In this instance, the values of integrated extinction were highest in condensed thymocyte nuclei, intermediate in kidney nuclei, and lowest in 2C liver nuclei. When 2C, 4C, and 8C liver nuclei were compared, the integrated extinction values of 4C nuclei were found to be approximately twice those of 2C nuclei whose disulfide and Feulgen values were, respectively, higher and lower than expected. The greater disulfide values and reduced Feulgen values obtained in thymocyte and 8C liver nuclei might be related to a greater degree of chromatin condensation in these nuclei, and therefore, to a reduction or selective restriction of their RNA transcriptional capacities. PMID- 1111422 TI - Mandibular movements of the albino rat during feeding. AB - Jaw movements of albino rats during biting and mastication of relatively hard food were recorded by means of conventional and X-ray cinematography. Mandibular kinetics have been analysed in the context of passive mechanical limits imposed by jaw morphology, particularly of the joints, and by the food itself. Movements have been described in terms of degrees of gape, condylar translation and horizontal rotation of the rami about the symphysis. During biting the condyle remains in the anterior two-thirds of the fossa, moves forward as the jaw opens and the converse. The rami usually spread well apart; the lower incisors are usually approximated. Incised food particles are transported toward the molars by means of coordinated jaw and tongue movements. The prominent palatal rugae of the diastemal region abet this process. In the power stroke of mastication, the mandible shifts forward as the lower toothrows move a little inward; the condyles occupy the posterior two-thirds of the fossa. All movements seen were bilaterally symmetrical. Simultaneous chewing occurred on both sides. It is suggested that the lingual components in the primarily anterior power stroke enhance grinding efficiency. A movable symphysis appears to be of critical importance in facilitating this type of mastication. PMID- 1111423 TI - Ultrastructural studies of regenerating spines of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. I. Cell types without spherules. AB - The fine structure of regenerating tips of spines of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus was investigated. Each conical tip consisted of an inner dermis, which deposits and contains the calcite skeleton, and an external layer of epidermis. Although cell types termed spherulecytes containing large, intracellular membrane bound spherules were also present in spine tissues, only epidermal and dermal cell types lacking such spherules are described in this paper. The epidermis was composed largely of free cells representing several functional types. Over the apical portion of the tip these cells occurred in groups, while proximally they were distributed within longitudinal grooves present along the periphery of the spine from the base to the tip. The terminal portions of apical processes extending from some of the epidermal cells formed a thin, contiguous outer layer consisting of small individual islands of cytoplasm bearing microvilli. Adjacent islands were connected around the periphery by a junctional complex extending roughly 200 A in depth in which the opposing plasma membranes were separated by a narrow gap about 145 A in width bridged by amorphous material. Other epidermal cells were closely associated with the basal lamina, which was 900 A in thickness and delineated the dermoepidermal junction; some of these cells appeared to synthesize the lamina, while others may be sensory nerve cells. The dermis at the spine tip also consisted of several functional types of free cells; the most interesting of these was the calcoblast, which deposits the skeleton. Calcoblasts extended a thin, cytoplasmic skeletal sheath which surrounded the tips and adjacent proximal portions of each of the longitudinally oriented microspines comprising the regenerating skeleton, and distally, formed a conical extracellular channel ahead of the mineralizing tip. The intimate relationship between calcoblasts and the growing mineral surface strongly suggests that these cells directly control both the kinetics of mineral deposition and morphogenesis of the skeleton. Other cell types in the dermis were precalcoblasts and phagocytes. Precalcoblasts may function as fibroblasts and are possible precursors of calcoblasts. Closely associated with the basal lamina at the dermoepidermal junction were extracellular unbanded anchoring fi0rils 150 A to 200 A51 in diameter. Scattered proximally among dermal cells were other extracellular fibrils, presumably collagenous, about 300 A in diameter wit PMID- 1111424 TI - Some anatomical aspects of the cardiovascular system of Antarctic seals and their possible functional significance in diving. AB - The hearts and ascending aortae of 11 Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddelli, three adult Crabeater seals, Lobodon carcinophagus, two adult Ross seals, Ommatophoca rossi, and one adult Leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, were examined for comparison with terrestrial forms. The Weddell seal specimens were from animals ranging in age from midterm in fetal development to mature adults. All specimens were collected in 1971, 1972, and 1973, from McMurdo Sound and the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The phocid hearts were characteristically broader and flatter than those of other carnivore families and they tended toward bifid apices. The heart form indices (height/circumference) averaged 31.5 compared to 39.0 for felids. The right ventricular chambers of the Antarctic seals were found to average longer in Weddells and narrower in all, than those reported for four other carnivore families. An elastic enlargement was present in the ascending aortae of all seals. The largest diameter of the aortic bulb averaged 25.5 mm more than the base of the aorta in the adult Weddell seals which represented an increase of 72.5% over the base. It is suggested that the general heart form, and especially the ascending aortae, are anatomical adaptations to diving. The compressed heart makes possible unimpaired function when the chest is compressed during deep dives. The aortic bulb maintains mean arterial blood pressure and perfusion of the brain and cardiac tissue during diving bradycardia. PMID- 1111425 TI - Upper digestive tract burns caused by Denalan denture cleanser powder. AB - Denture cleansers are ubiquitous compounds frequently found in the household. Severe oral cavity burns were clinically observed in a two-year-old female who accidentally ingested a denture cleanser powder, Denalan. Experimental studies were carried out to investigate the caustic, chemical and histopathological properties of this compound. Denalan was found to be a powerful alkali agent which caused severe upper digestive tract burns. PMID- 1111426 TI - Sensorineural impairment in unilateral otosclerosis. AB - Audiometric findings were evaluated in a group of patients with clinical unilateral otosclerosis. A comparison was made between bone conduction threshold in the better hearing ear and the ear with the mixed hearing loss. Over 50% of the patients had a significant elevation in the bone conduction thresholds in the ear with clinical otosclerosis as compared to the uninvolved ear. A pair of temporal bones from a patient with unilateral otosclerosis and unilateral mixed hearing loss is presented. PMID- 1111427 TI - Application of inverse filtering for detecting laryngeal pathology. AB - Inverse filtering analysis was performed on acoustic speech samples of the vowel sound "ah" produced by ten selected patients and ten normal adults. The inverse filter output signal is the residue obtained by automatically extracting the effects of the supraglottal structure from the acoustic speech signal. For normal speakers, the residue consists of a series of rather sharp periodic spikes having low amplitude noise between periods. For pathological voices, the residue consists of lower amplitude, less sharp spikes having higher amplitude noise between periods. Comparisons between the acoustic speech waveforms and the residue signals illustrate the superiority of the residue signal for detecting irregularity, and thus suggests the feasibility of applying inverse filtering as an aid to laryngeal diagnostics. PMID- 1111428 TI - Demoplastic fibroma of the mandible. A case report. AB - Case of a 4-year-old boy with a desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible. Desmoplastic fibromas are benign fibrous neoplasms which are easily confused with other fibrous tumors. Although benign, they usually display aggressive local tissue extension and frequently recur when treated conservatively. At the present time, wide, local excision appears to be the treatment of choice. PMID- 1111429 TI - ENG of the month. Artifact in ENG. PMID- 1111430 TI - Prophylaxis of predisposed otitis externa. AB - Evaluation, in the guinea pig ear, of fourteen water repellent or therapeutic compounds has resulted in the recommended use of 360 Medical Fluid as a prophylactic agent for those persons with a high risk of otitis externa. This compound was found to adhere well, be easy to apply and was nonirritating. Use of this material prevented adverse bacterial growth in ear canals exposed to water for up to seven days. The significance of maintaining the normal Gram positive bacterial flora in the external ear canal and the role of cerumen in maintaining a healthy meatal surface is discussed. A system for monitoring the health of the ear canal through measurement of the Gram positive/Gram negative bacterial ratio is suggested. PMID- 1111431 TI - Recording auditory-nerve potentials as an office procedure. AB - Recording auditory-nerve potentials from human subjects is already a routine procedure in the laboratory. In order to bring such recording capabilities into the office of practicing otologists, a number of difficulties had to be overcome. First, a small signal averager was built and incorporated into a stimulus generating and response recording system. The entire system was made portable and self-sufficient. The effects of electrical interference and background acoustic noise were shown to be tolerable. After studies of how responses vary with electrode location, electrodes were designed to be placed on the ear canal so that no invasive procedures were necessary. Methods were found to simplify the procedure so that recordings can be made in a matter of minutes by one person working alone. PMID- 1111432 TI - The nature and crystal growth of otoconia in the rat. AB - Several types of otoconia are present in the macular regions of young rats. These include multifaceted, transitional and rounded body forms, some variant otoconia and a few rhombohedrons. The adult form has typically rounded by nonsmooth body surfaces and pointed ends with three planar faces. The multifaceted and transitional otoconia fracture and etch more readily than do the adult type. The differences in properties of the otoconia are considered in the light of known facts concerning inorganic crystal nucleating and growth. This integrated approach indicates that many otoconia originate by seeding of multiple subunits on an organic substrate and develop by the mechanism of parallel growth. The basic structural unit is the rhombohedron. By analogy to inorganic crystals of calcite, it would seem that the typical otoconium grows on the end faces but growth on the side faces is suppressed by some unknown chemical factor. Some otoconia are exceptions, evidently seeding and growing in the pure rhombohedral form. Decalcification of cleaved otoconia shows that organic material is incorporated during growth. The observations are interpreted to indicate that organic substance influences growth and achievement of the adult otoconial form. PMID- 1111433 TI - Air bypass voice prosthesis for vocal rehabilitation of laryngectomees. AB - An air bypass voice prosthesis and the refinement of a surgical technique has been developed. It involves a one-stage, low retrograde cervical esophagostomy that is functionally and cosmetically feasible since it permits hidden use of the device, while eliminating fistula tract stenosis and aspiration. Most importantly, it provides a natural speech mechanism without any training period. Patients can regain immediate speech following installation of a voice prosthesis with a minimum of maintenance required. Ultimately, they have demonstrated greater self-reliance and developed a high degree of self-esteem which has enabled them to resume a normal way of life. PMID- 1111434 TI - Some aspects of fetal laryngeal development. AB - Some aspects of morphological and physiological development of the fetal larynx are presented. Histochemical confirmation and determinations of fetal glandular activity are needed. Anomalous development of the larynx is still conjecture, but congenital cystic formation with glandular development appears possible after the fifth month of human fetal life. PMID- 1111435 TI - Tympanometric pattern classification in relation to middle ear effusions. AB - Tympanometric evaluation using an otoadmittance meter and X-Y plotter was performed on 129 ears of 70 children with history of recurrent acute otitis media, or evidence otoscopically of persistent middle ear effusion, or both. Myringotomy, performed immediately following the tympanometric procedure, confirmed the presence or absence of effusion. Following myringotomy, tympanometric patterns, as shown by susceptance and conductance tracings at 220 and 660 Hz, were identified and middle ear pressures and otoadmittance peak values were determined. These findings were compared and criteria were developed which best determined the presence or absence of effusion. The results revealed the following: 1) High negative middle ear pressure is not necessarily a reliable indicator of middle ear effusion. 2) Tympanometry can be used reliably as an indicator of effusion. A combination of pattern classification and susceptance criteria enabled correct prediction of effusion in 93% of these children. One pattern at B660 was found to be pathognomonic of effusion. 3) In general, otoadmittance at 660 Hz appears to be a better indicator of effusion than 220 Hz. PMID- 1111436 TI - Nonacoustic stimulation of the middle ear muscle reflex. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to determine the incidence of the middle ear reflex in response to several nonacoustic (tactile and air jet) stimuli among subjects with normal hearing who had an acoustic reflex and selected patients with severe hearing loss. The results demonstrate that the incidence of response to tactile stimulation increases as the facial area stimulated approaches the auricle. The response to an air jet stimulus directed toward the eye is high; however, the clinical utility of the air jet may be limited because it often results in a startle reaction and head movement, and the response appears to fatigue easily. In normal listeners the response to auricular air jet stimulation probably results from both acoustic and tactile stimulation. The presence of a reflex to tactile stimulation, together with normal tympanometry constitutes strong evidence of a normal middle ear; but the absence of a reflex to acoustic or tactile stimuli still leads to an ambiguous determination of potential stapedial muscle function. PMID- 1111437 TI - Remote extracochlear versus intracochlear recordings in the guinea pig. AB - A comparison was made of the whole-nerve action potential recorded from a wire electrode placed on the tympanic membrane (TM) (remote extracochlear recording) and than recorded from intracochlear electrodes in the first and third turn scala tympani of the guinea pig. Cochlear microphonics and summating potentials were also studied. The expected decreased sensitivity at the TM site was observed in all responses, although the microphonic (CM) was diminished more that the action potential (AP) as compared to the responses monitored via the ST1 electrode. Nevertheless, the TM-recorded cochlear potentials largely mimicked the ST1 recorded potentials in a qualitative manner, i.e., similar configurations of the CM pseudo-threshold functions. It was consistently observed that the N2 of the AP is proportionally larger (relative to N1) in the TM recording than in the ST1 recording. These phenomena were attributed to the complex spread of the bioelectrical potentials in the nonhomogeneous volume conductor formed by the tissues of the temporal bone. It was suggested that the observed change in the N1/N2 ratio at the different sites of recording is due to the different contributions of second-order neuronal discharges to the compound AP. In effect, the TM electrode "sees" proportionally more activity from second-order fibers than does the ST1 electrode, and the ST3 electrode, less. PMID- 1111438 TI - Sounds of trumpets and other jazz. Sunderman Awards address. PMID- 1111439 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome: plasma vitamin E levels and dietary factors. AB - Vitamin E and selenium deficiency have previously been suggested to be responsible for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). New experimental data reveal that this is not the case since vitamin E as well as plasma selenium levels of SID infants are approximately equal to those of normal controls. Although breast feeding was believed to have a protective effect against SIDS, a statistical study of groups of SID- and control infants in San Diego County indicate no such correlation. Totally or partially breast-fed SID infants actually died at an earlier age than those fed by formula only (p=0.02). Compared to matched normal controls, SID infants appear to have received a less varied diet with a lower incidence of extradietary vitamin supplementation (p=0.02). There is also a somewhat greater prevalence of mothers smoking during pregnancy in the SID group (one-tail p=0.05). PMID- 1111440 TI - Plasma cerebrosides in stroke and multiple sclerosis. AB - This investigation was conducted to determine whether or not plasma galactosyl ceramides were elevated in patients with stroke and multiple sclerosis, and to determine glycosyl ceramide concentrations in older, normal subjects. It was hypothesized that central nervous system destruction, like that which occurs in stroke or in the demyelination characteristic of multiple sclerosis, might be reflected by changes in plasma glycosyl ceramides, specifically by an increased percentage of galactosyl ceramide. Glycosyl ceramides were analyzed in duplicate 10 ml aliquots of plasma from each of seven patients with stroke, five patients with multiple sclerosis and five control subjects age-matched with stroke patients. Mean percentages of galactosyl ceramide for both controls (11.06 percent) and multiple sclerosis (11.40 percent) were strikingly similar. The percent of galactosyl ceramides for stroke was slightly elevated (14.32 percent) but there were no significant differences at the p=greater than 0.05 level. PMID- 1111441 TI - Rapid microanalysis of cholesterol in bile and serum by gas chromatography. AB - Bile and serum cholesterol concentrations were analyzed by the same saponification, extraction and gas chromatographic procedure, utilizing stigmasterol as an internal standard and trifluoroacetate derivatization. The method was rapid and highly sensitive, requiring only 20 to 50 mul of sample. Comparable levels of precision were achieved by parallel analysis of a series of bile and serum samples by the present method and the Abell colorimetric method; a high degree of correlation was found between these two methods. PMID- 1111442 TI - Automated bichromatic analysis of serum ceruloplasmin. AB - An automated micromethod is described for measurement of serum ceruloplasmin by assay of its p-phenylenediamine oxidase activity using the Abbott bichoromatic analyzer. Ten mul of serum are mixed with 250 mul of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) substrate (9.2 mmole per liter) in acetate buffer (0.1 mole per liter, pH 5.45). Spectrophotometric measurements of the rate of formation of the purple oxidation porduct of PPD are performed after a 10 min delay for thermal equilibration at 37 degrees and for avoidance of the lag-phase of the enzymatic reaction. The coefficients of variation of replicate analyses of normal serum by this technique are 1.1 percent (within-the-run) and 3.3 percent (day-to-day). Measurements of ceruloplasmin concentrations in serums from 75 patients by this automated method provided close correlation with measurements by a manual reference procedure (correlation coefficient=0.973). The mean concentration of ceruloplasmin in serums from 64 healthy men was 29 mg per dl (central 95th percentile limits=22 to 40 mg per dl). PMID- 1111443 TI - Occult breast carcinomas detected by xeroradiography: clinical considerations. AB - One hundred and eighty-five breast cancers were demonstrated by xeroradiography in 6,238 patients. Sixty-two cancers were occult, and constituted one-third of the demonstrable breast cancers. Some of the patients with clinically nonpalpable carcinomas had high risk factors known to be associated with the development of breast cancer. The diagnosis was usually established and confirmed by wide excisional biopsy of the area containing the suspicious lesion. In some instances the lesion was localized preoperatively by xeroradiography using a technique of skin markings. Specimen xeroradiography was utilized if there were calcifications seen on the preoperative xeroradiograph. There was a significantly decreased incidence of axillary node metastases in the occult cases when compared to the dominant mass cases. PMID- 1111444 TI - Significance of a solitary lung shadow in patients with breast cancer. AB - From 1949 through 1972 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute, 72 breast cancer patients developed a synchronous or metachronous solitary lung shadow. Forty-three had separate primary lung cancers; 23 had breast carcinoma metastases and six had benign lung lesions. Of these, 47% were asymptomatic and the lesions were discovered by routine chest roentgenograms. Among 49 patients who underwent pulmonary procedures, secondary involvement of regional lymphatics was noted in 22, nine of which were daughter metastases secondary to the breast deposit. In such a setting, a radical lobectomy (or pneumonectomy) would seem the operation of choice. Four patients who had primary lung cancer and five patients with pulmonary breast metastases survived five years after the thoracic procedure. Prolonged survival in these patients bore no relationship to age, sex, state of axillary lymph nodes or length of interlude between the breast and the lung cancer. Early diagnosis, the extent of the cancer and adequate excision seem to influence end results. When other primary cancers were present, in addition to those of breast and lung, these did not seem to diminish the chance for survival provided they were treated as if they existed alone. The need for strict periodic and continual followup examinations, not only in breast, but also for all cancer patients is essential for early detection of metastases or new primaries. Chest roentgenograms are an integral part of such a plan. The ambiguity of a solitary lung shadow (or at the most two or three opacities) with a known primary breast cancer requires clarification without delay as to its histologic nature so that proper treatment can be instituted and an accurate prognosis given. PMID- 1111445 TI - What is clinical smoke poisoning? AB - In this 13-year study, 51 patients were admitted with the primary diagnosis of "smoke poisoning" "carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning" or "respiratory burns." Forty patients (78%) had diagnosis of smoke poisoning with minor or no skin burns. The study indicated that clinical diagnosis of CO poisoning cannot be made reliably without carboxyhemoglobin (COHg) determination and that smoke poisoning patients often had CO poisoning. Seventeen of 19 smoke poisoning patients (89%) had CO poisoning above COHb levels of 15% saturation. Carbon monoxide was successfully removed from the blood by improving alveolar ventilation and oxygen concentration. However, there were 2 smoke poisoning deaths as the result of gaseous chemical injury. There was a correlation coefficient of 0.87 between initial COHg levels and patients' hospital days primarily determined by patients' pulmonary complications. Since CO is non-irritating, COHb levels may be used as an additional indicator of suspected pulmonary injury by noxious combustion gases. PMID- 1111446 TI - Characterization of elevated fibrin split products following thermal injury. AB - These studies establish that the staphylococcal clumping test is superior to the tanned red cell hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay for monitoring fibrin split product concentration in burn sera. It is strongly suggested that the principal circulating degradation product is a complex of soluble fibrin monomer with fragment D. Finally, there does not appear to be any effect on measured fibrin split product concentration in sera of burn patients receiving prophylactic heparin or aspirin. PMID- 1111447 TI - Coagulation dynamics following thermal injury: effect of heparin and protamine sulfate. AB - A burned rat model was developed to examine post-burn alterations in coagulation. Fibrin split product concentration, as measured by the staphylococcal clumping test, was noted to rise significantly within the first 24 hours following injury. Prophylactic in vivo systemic anticoagulation with heparin was ineffective in modifying this response. However, systemic administration of protamine sulfate prevented post-burn elevation of fibrin split products. In vitro fibrin split product concentration in burn sera following the addition of heparin and protamine sulfate, was also analyzed. The results of these experiments elucidated the biochemical effects of protamine sulfate on circulating fibrin degradation products in the rat burn model. PMID- 1111448 TI - Villous tumors of the duodenum. AB - Villous tumors of the duodenum are rare, but treatment may be problematic because of their association with invasive adenocarcinoma. Two cases of villous tumor of the duodenum are described and 39 other reported cases are reviewed. Presenting symptoms were bleeding 27%; obstruction 24%; jaundice 22% and vague dyspepsia 20%. Diagnosis may be made by radiographic barium contrast evaluation of the duodenum, especially with the addition of air contrast hypotonic studies and by fibro-optic endoscopy. Twenty-seven per cent of villous tumors of the duodenum are associated with adenocarcinoma. Invasive tumor is more common in patients over 50 years old (35%), in tumors of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum (44%) and in tumors over 4 cm in diameter (30%). Local excision is the treatment of choice for benign lesions. Pancreatico-duodenectomy is recommended for tumors which include invasive carcinoma in patients without distal metastases. PMID- 1111449 TI - Experimental and clinical application of microvascular surgery. AB - The object of these studies was the development of a technique whereby a vessel of 1 mm or smaller could be easily anastomosed. In total replantation of rabbit ears, only 3 ears survived replantation in 80 attempts in the first series. In the second series of 80, 35 ears survived completely, 3 ears partially survived and 8 additional ears survived the postoperative period, but the rabbits died within 2 weeks due to diarrhea. Thirty-five ears failed and venous obstruction was the primary cause. Free transplantation of a great toe and a second toe to recreate a thumb is also described. The operative procedure of the great toe to thumb transplantation does not appear to be difficult. Six months after operation, the function of the newly created thumb was good. The second toe to thumb transfer was more difficult technically compared to the great toe to thumb transfer due to the much smaller size of the digital vessels of the second toe. However, removal of the second toe causes less disadvantage than the removal of the great toe. Nine months postoperatively, the function of the newly created thumb was satisfactory. Digital replantation is described with 36 cases with 65 complete finger amputations. Thirty-two with 45 fingers survived the reattachment. Repair of one artery per digit is sufficient, although two probably are better. A minimum of 2 veins per digit must be repaired. Prompt re exploration is imperative if postoperative circulatory impairment occurs. In this group, arterial obstruction was more frequent than venous obstruction as the cause of replantation failure. The function of the replanted fingers is satisfactory in the majority of the cases. PMID- 1111450 TI - Femoroperoneal bypass: evaluation of potential for revascularization of the severely ischemic lower extremity. AB - In 79 patients in whom distal small vessel bypass with autogenous vein was used for revascularization because of gangrene, gangrenous ulceration or rest pain, 14 had femoroperoneal bypasses. Femorotibial or femoroperoneal bypasses were performed in those patients in whom no popliteal runoff was present on pre operative arteriogram. Femoroperoneal bypass was performed in preference to primary amputation in each case. Nine of 14 (64.3%) of femoroperoneal bypasses were functional whereas 57 of 79 (72.2%) of total distal bypasses to small vessels were functional. Salvage of severely ischemic lower extremities was achieved in 5 of 14 (35.7%) patients after femoroperoneal bypass and in 46 of 65 (70.8%) patients after bypass to anterior tibial or posterior tibial arteries. Graft patency without limb salvage occurred in 4 of 9 (44.4%) patients with patent femoroperoneal bypasses and in only 2 of 48 (4.2%) of patients with femorotibial bypass. Although limb salvage rate is considerably less with femoroperoneal than femorotibial or femoropopliteal bypass, attempted limb revascularization by peroneal bypasses is preferable to primary amputation in patients with rest pain, gangrenous ulceration or gangrene. PMID- 1111451 TI - Effect of antrectomy and subsequent vagotomy on the serum gastrin response to food in dogs. AB - The effect of food on serum gastrin and gastric acid secretion has been studied in dogs with denervated pouches before and after antrectomy and subsequent vagotomy. A Billroth I anastomosis was used in one group of dogs and a Billroth II in the other. Serum gastrin was measured by radioimmunoassay. In both groups of dogs antrectomy significantly depressed mean basal levels of serum gastrin and abolished the rise in serum gastrin in response to a meat meal. Meal-induced pouch acid secretion was considerably lowered by antrectomy after either Billroth I or Billroth II anastomosis. Vagotomy after antrectomy increased basal levels of gastrin, but did not restore the serum gastrin response to a meat meal in either group of dogs. It is suggested that biologically active forms of gastrin are released from the antrum in response to a meal. Biologically inactive basal levels of gastrin apparently originate from extra-antral sources. The post vagotomy increase in basal (static) gastrin suggests vagal control of the metabolism of static, extra-antral gastrin. PMID- 1111452 TI - Determinants of cardiac output during experimental therapeutic hemodilution. AB - In 20 dogs, blood loss of 20 ml/kg during thoracotomy was immediately replaced with 40 ml/kg of 2.5% dextran-40 or dextran-70 in saline. An immediate rise in blood volume, associated with a decrease in hematocrit and blood viscosity, produced a marked rise in cardiac output. This effect was slightly greater with dextran-40. During the first four hours after infusion of dextran-40, both blood volume and cardiac output fell below control levels. Blood volume and cardiac output remained at or near control levels during this period in the group receiving dextran-70. In both groups, blood viscosity and hematocrit remained low throughout the study, but cardiac output increased only in response to an increase in blood volume. Twenty-four hours after infusion of either dextran-40 or dextran-70, hematocrit had decreased further, presumably due to postoperative blood loss while blood volume and cardiac output remained at or near control levels. During isovolemic hemodilution in this experimental setting, cardiac output responded primarily to changes in blood volume rather than blood viscosity. Therefore, decreased oxygen availability during hemodilution was compensated only by a rise in oxygen extraction. PMID- 1111453 TI - Efficacy of intravenous clindamycin and methicillin in gram-positive soft tissue infections. AB - In a comparative study on a general surgical service, intravenous clindamycin phosphate or methicillin was used to treat a variety of soft tissue infections due to gram-positive organisms, chiefly staphylococci. The infections were rated according to severity, responsible organisms, and site of the infection. Excellent or good clinical and bacteriologic responses were obtained with both clindamycin and methicillin as adjuncts to basic surgical therapy in these soft tissue infections. The adverse effects of each drug were detailed, and were comparable. Clindamycin phosphate is a satisfactory substitute for methicillin in soft tissue infections secondary to gram-positive organisms. PMID- 1111454 TI - Stricture of the anorectum in Crohn's disease involving the colon. PMID- 1111455 TI - The ability of an elemental diet to support nutrition and adaptation in the short gut syndrome. AB - 85% enterectomy or jejunal biopsy was randomly carried out on 80 male Sprague Dawley rats, 300-350 gm. After recovery, rats in each group were randomly fed either elemental diet (ED) or rat chow. All rats were sacrificed 8 weeks postoperatively. Biopsied rats gained more weight with ED than chow (22% vs. 18%; p less than .01). Resection produced greater weight loss than biopsy (p less than .01) and slower gain (p less than .01). The failure to gain was most marked in ED rats, significantly less than in the chow group (p less than .05) by week two. A fall in hemoglobin, protein and albumin was seen: neither the fall nor difference between the groups was significant (p greater than .05). Enterectomized chow rats ate 22% more than their controls (p greater than .05). Increase in bowel length after resection, equally divided between jejunum and ileum, was 21% with ED and 26% with chow. Gut diameter after resection increased 104% and 98% with chow and ED, respectively. Villus height increased 65% in the jejunum of both enterectomized groups and 85% and 78% with chow and ED, respectively, in the ileum. Changes in gut length, diameter and villus height are significant in each group (p less than .01) but not between groups (p greater than .05). PMID- 1111456 TI - The differentiation of primary hyperparathyroidism from the hypercalcemia of malignancy. AB - The presence of hypercalcemia in patients with known cancers may be due to the cancers themselves, or to co-existing primary hyperparathyroidism. The differentiation of primary hyperparathyroidism from the hypercalcemia of malignancy is important since the relief of distressing symptoms and prevention of hypercalcemic crises and renal failure can be accomplished relatively easily by parathyroid surgery in the former condition, and only with difficulty, at times, with fluids and drugs in the latter condition. The histories of three recent patients are presented, which demonstrate the difficulties inherent in the differentiation of these conditions. These patients were ultimately found at operation to have primary hyperparathyroidism in addition to malignancies of the cervix, adrenal gland and kidney. In our experience the following have been helpful in establishing a diagnosis; history of hypercalcemia prior to development of cancer, the type of cancer itself, the effect of cancer therapy on the hypercalcemia, and selective venous sampling with radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone. PMID- 1111457 TI - Effect of agitation on platelet aggregation and microaggregate formation in banked blood. AB - Blood stored at 4 C in ACD or CPD solution develops microaggregates composed primarily of fibrin and platelets. This debris has been implicated in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic pulmonary insufficiency in man. Recent work indicates that gentle agitation of the blood during storage appears to decrease debris formation. These studies were undertaken to establish more clearly the effect of agitation on debris formation. Blood was drawn in CPD from healthy young males, non-aspirin ingesting donors and stored at 4 C. One-half of the bags were gently and continuously agitated for 21 days and the other half remained stationary. At the end of the storage period, platelet counts and screen filtration pressures were measured. Agitated blood showed significantly less debris formation and significantly higher platelet counts. Gentle agitation was shown to be an effective method for preventing debris formation in banked blood. PMID- 1111458 TI - Arterial injury and massive blood loss: a case report of management of pelvic gunshot injury with femoro-subscrotal-femoral bypass and 116 units of blood. AB - A case of massive shotgun injury to the left thigh and hip is reported. The patient received 116 units of blood, and a femoro-subscrotal-femoral vein graft was employed to save the left leg. A Teflon wool blood transfusion filter, used from the beginning of therapy, was believed to have been a major factor in preventing significant pulmonary complications. PMID- 1111459 TI - Mouse myeloma. A model for studies of cell kinetics. AB - The mouse plasma cell tumor Adj PC-5 grows slowly due to a large loss of cells from the growth fraction into nonprolifeative, end-stage cells. All tumor cells with the capacity to form a colony appear to be in cell cycle. Marked tumor specificity of several alkylating agents could not be explaned by differences in the porliferative state of myeloma and normal marrow cells. The sensitivity of different mouse myelomas to an alkylating agent varies considerably. The factors determining whether a mouse myeloma is sensitive to an alkylating agent are probably related to structure of the agent and intrinsic properties of the cell, rather than to the agent's mechanism of action. PMID- 1111460 TI - In vitro and in vivo alterations of long-term murine plasmacytoma cultures. AB - Mouse myeloma cell line (SLU-5) that has undergone lengthy propagation in vitro and become nononcogenic was compared with an earlier oncogenic passage of cells. Immunogenicity of cells cultured for various periods of time was compared with that of the original tumor (MOPC-21). The nononcogenic cells were most immunogenic. Cells that were nononcogenic in normal mice produced tumors in nonlethally irradiated mice. Clones isolated from oncogenic and nononcogenic populations varied widely with respect to ability to produce tumors in mice and to specific globulin production. PMID- 1111461 TI - Monitoring myelomatosis. AB - There is evidence for the value of the following tests in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of myelomatosis: (1) serum paraprotein measurements, (2) urine paraprotein (including Bence Jones) measurements, (3) serum ablumin, (4) serum urea, (5) proteins in the urine other than those in 2, and (6) hemoglobin level. During treatment, increased rate of rise in 1 or 2, disproportionate increase in 2, emergence of related paraprotein, loss of 1 or 2 with reticulosarcomatous change, and monocytic leukemia suggest that more malignant subclones can emerge from the original myeloma clone, possibly due to drugs acting on DNA. PMID- 1111462 TI - Clinical classification of plasma cell myeloma. AB - Clinical and electrophoretic data were evaluated in 334 consecutive patients with myeloma or monoclonal peaks on serum or urine electrophoresis. Of the 242 patients with myeloma, 7% had localized plasmacytomas with absent or low level monoclonal peaks on electrophoresis and received only radiotherapy to focal disease areas. Chemotherapy was also withheld from eight other patients in an indolent clinical phase of multiple myeloma. Disease progression was apparent in about one third of the patients with localized and indolent myeloma within 12 months. Forty-three patients had idiopathic peaks on serum electrophoresis; more than 90% were of the IgG type with levels less than 3.0 gm/100 ml. Serial elecrtophoreses, immunoglobulin quantitations, and skeletal radiographs are recommended for the evaluation of patients with idiopathic peaks, the classification of early phases of myeloma, and the confirmation of tumor mass change. PMID- 1111463 TI - Remission maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma. AB - The effects of various regimens of melphalan combination chemotherapy were evaluated in 508 patients with multiple myeloma. No value was confirmed from the addition of procarbazine or vincristine sulfate to melphalan-prednisone combinations. Ninety-six patients who responded to treatment were allocated at random to one of three maintenance regimens, namely intermittent courses of carmustine with prednisone, continued courses of melphalan with prednisone, or no chemotherapy. There were no differences in the frequency of relapse, the remission duration, or the survival time among these maintenace groups. The frequencies of pneumonia and herpes zoster were higher in patients receiving continued chemotherapy. Continued melphalan-prednisone chemotherapy after the first year is of no major value to responding patients with multiple cyeloma. Attempts to reduce tumor mass maximally with a change in therapy are justified. PMID- 1111464 TI - Treatment of myeloma. Comparison of melphalan, chlorambucil, and azathioprine. AB - A randomized study compared the response of patients with multiple myeloma to chlorambucil, melphalan, and azathioprine. All patients also received a combination of prednisone and fluoxymesterone. Seventy-three of 86 patients entered on the study could have evaluations. The results indicate that melphatan produced more responses than either azathioprine or chlorambucil, but responses to both of these agents were observed. No difference was noted between survival curves for patients with no poor-risk factors as compared to those having at least one poor-risk factor. The only poor-risk factor affecting survival in this group of patients was the blood urea nitrogen level. PMID- 1111465 TI - Sequential therapy compared with combination therapy in multiple myeloma. AB - A timed sequential chemotherapeutic regimen for multiple myeloma was desinged, based on plasma cell kinetics. A randomized study comparing this regimen with the combination of intermittent melphalan and prednisone was started after an adequate pilot study. Studies with tritiated thymidine labeling and mitotic indexes were performed on patients treated with sequential therapy. Of 13 patients treated with the combination therapy, the responses were as follows: two, objective improvement; nine, subjective improvement; and two, no responses. Of nine patients treated with sequential therapy, the responses in six patients who could have evaluations were as follows: one, objective improvement; two, subjective improvement; one, no response; one, with progressive disease; and one, cardiac death. The two studies showed differences in pertubation of cell kinetics of myeloma that may be related to exponential growth and immunoblobulin types. PMID- 1111466 TI - Letter: Vibrio parahaemolyticus septicemia. PMID- 1111467 TI - Multiple myeloma. PMID- 1111468 TI - Present status of immunoglobulin research. AB - Antibodies have been known as important proteins, and, in recent years, understanding of their composition, synthesis, and genetic control has progressed rapidly. These aspects, as well as developments in the areas of structure, including function correlations, membrane immunoglobulin as recognition units, and antibody as regulator molecule, are reviewed. The flow of information development in recent years serves as a basis for projections into coming years, especially in the areas of more aggressive use of antibodies in therapy. PMID- 1111469 TI - Chemical typing of immunoglobulins and their subtypes. AB - An analytical method, described herein, is based on differences in the primary structure of immunoglobulins and their subclasses. This method is independent of the supply of specific antisera, is simple and inexpensive to perform, and is fully reproducible. The distribution of subtypes of IgG and IgA resembled published results from immunological studies. Finding of differences in the distribution of subclasses of IgG proteins in patients with light-chain disease or in the absence of M-protein is of special interest. PMID- 1111470 TI - Correlation of abnormal immunoglobulin with clinical features of myeloma. AB - Physical and chemical characteristics of the abnormal immunoglobulin as well as the immunoglobulin type are important determinants of the clinical features and prognosis in myeloma. A review of 270 cases of myeloma studied by the Acute Leukemia Group B showed that survival was adversely affected by azotemia. The presence of Bence Jones proteinuria adversely influenced survival even in patients who were not initially azotemic. The presence of lambda-type Bence Jones proteinuria resulted in greatly shortened survival in contrast to kappa-type Bence Jones proteinuria in the absence, or presence, of a serum IgG M-protein. The adverse effect of lambda-type Bence Jones protein could not be demonstrated in patients with IgA myeloma. Patients with IgA myeloma were found to have a noticeably shorter survival than those with IgG myeloma. PMID- 1111471 TI - Mu-chain disease. AB - The clinical and laboratory features of the seven known patients with heavy chain disease showed that all but one had chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Two common and striking features are the presence of kappa-type Bence Jones proteins and vacuolated plasma cells in the marrow. PMID- 1111472 TI - IgD multiple myeloma. Review of 133 cases. AB - One hundred thirty-three patients had IgD myeloma. The IgD comprises 0.8% of M components in general and 2.1% of myelomas in particular. Males predominate and 65% of the patients are younger than 60 years at the diagnosis. More than half of the patients have lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. Extraosseous spread and amyloidosis are frequent. Severe anemia and azotemia are common. Total serum protein and IgD M-component levels are usually not high. LAMBDA-type light chains are found in 90% of IgD M-components. Bence Jones proteinimia is frequent and Bence Jones proteinuria appears in almost all patients. Mean survival is 13.7 months from diagnosis. The IgD is different from IgG and IgA myeloma, indicating that the clinical picture and course of multiple cyeloma may be related to the class and type of M-component. PMID- 1111473 TI - Psychodynamic changes in untreated neurotic patients. II. Apparently genuine improvements. AB - This work is part of a study of 45 neurotic patients who were seen for consultation at the Tavistock Clinic but who never received treatment, and who, by the time they were asked to come for follow-up, had never been interviewed by a psychiatrist more than twice in their whole lives. In a previous report, we described 13 patients who were at least "improved" on purely symptomatic criteria but whom we did not regard as improved on dynamic criteria. Here, we describe 11 patients who were judged to be improved on dynamic criteria. These patients are of extraordinary interest, providing not only direct evidence of therapeutic mechanisms in everyday lifean answer to a question posed by Strupp and Bergin in 1969but also, quite unexpectedly, evidence about the therapeutic effects of single interviews. PMID- 1111474 TI - Psychoanalysis, "focal psychotherapy," and the nature of the therapeutic influence. AB - It has traditionally been asserted that the nature of the therapeutic influence in psychoanalysis is qualitatively different from that in "psychotherapy." This thesis is considered untendable. Analysis of a case history by Balint, Ornstein, and Balint shows evidence that therapeutic change can be conceptualized more parsimoniously along lines other than those traditionally preferred. The therapist establishes himself as a good parent or authority figure vis-a-vis the patient, and within that context mediates important lessons in nonneurotic constructive living. Given strong motivation to seek change, the patient is won over to a point of view different from the one that has, in essential respects, guided his life in the past, and he has to make these teachings his own. Analytic therapy is an education for optimal personal freedom in the context of social living. PMID- 1111475 TI - Growth hormone responses to hypoglycemia in postmenopausal depressed women. AB - Human growth hormone (HGH) responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were measured in ten postmenopausal women suffering from primary unipolar depressive illness, and in ten age-matched normal postmenopausal women. The mean maximal HGH response in the depressed patients was 4.6 plus or minus 4.4 ng/ml, and in the normals 13.3 plus or minus 9.8 ng/ml (P less than .05). All of the normal subjects had clinically adequate HGH responses, in contrast to only four of the depressed patients (P less than .01). The blood glucose responses were virtually the same in the two groups. Since brain catecholamines play a major role in mediating HGH responses to hypoglycemia, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis of diminished functional catecholaminergic activity in the depressed patients. PMID- 1111476 TI - Familial associations with EEG variants in manic-depressive disease. AB - Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of 60 patients with bipolar manic depressive disease disclosed an incidence of small sharp spikes plus a few other variations in 47% of the sample. In women these EEG features were significantly associated with a history of mental illness in the patient's mother or the maternal side of the family and an absence of mental disorder in the fathers. The reverse was true of women probands without these EEG characteristics. In the men small sharp spikes did not relate to parental psychopathology but half of the sisters of men with these EEG characteristics were found to be mentally ill. On the basis of these observations and previous work, we hypothesize that the small sharp spike EEG pattern might be an inherited characteristic related in some way to the familal transmission of manic-depressive disease. PMID- 1111477 TI - Creativity and psychosis. An examination of conceptual style. AB - The performance of creative writers on the Goldstein-Sheerer Object-Sorting Test was compared with that of admitted manic and schizophrenic patients. Writers and manics tended to show more behavioral and conceptual overinclusion, but the writers showed substantially more richness and the manics more idiosyncratic thinking. Schizophrenics tended to be underinclusive rather than overinclusive and showed less richness and bizarreness than the writers and manics. These data imply that the conceptual style of writers may resemble mania more than schizophrenia and that, if overinclusiveness is an index of thought disorder, manics may have a more florid thought disorder than schizophrenics. PMID- 1111478 TI - Addicted and nonaddicted drug users. A comparison of drug usage patterns. AB - Adetailed analysis of drug usage patterns of 101 multidrug-using soldiers disclosed little differentiation between individuals with a history of heroin addiction (N=68) from demographically similar multidrug-using (but nonaddicted) peers (N=33). Prior to the onset of herion addiction, relatively few differences in drug usage patterns emerged between the two groups, and what differences there were indicated more extensive drug use and a more rapid progression of drug use among the nonaddicted users. A "stepping-stone hypothesis" of heroin addiction is refuted by these data. Differences in drug use emerge after the intiation of heroin. Within a few months after first heroin use, those who did not become addicted returned to their preheroin experimentation levels of drug taking while the addicted group maintained an escalating pattern of opiate use. PMID- 1111479 TI - Utilization of medical services by transferred employees. Differential effect of life change on health. AB - Some of the health consequences of being transferred to a new job and a new community were examined. The medical records of transferred employees for one year following transfer were compared to the records of a matched control group of more permanently located employees. Because of the authors' clinical observation that an employee's job description was related to the medical response to transfer, the professional and nonprofessional (production and clerical) employees were examined as separate groups. The results demonstrated a greater utilization of health services by transferred nonprofessional, but not by transferred professional employees. The results are discussed in the light of current research in life changes and their relationship to illness. PMID- 1111480 TI - Dynamic content analysis. AB - An experiment was performed to demonstrate that methods of linguistic content analysis suitable for the study of intra-interview processes are both possible and practicable. Six hundred thirty-eight randomly selected psychiatrist were sent rating protocols of machine-mediated interview transcripts (transcripts of interviews conducted by means of remotely located teletypes) and were asked to rate each patient communication on one or more of 13 diagnosis-related rating dimensions. Rank correlation statistics on the raters' levels of agreement were found to be significantly high in 11 of the 13 dimensions. In contrast to the commonly held opinion that psychiatrist lack consistency in their application of diagnostic terms, this study suggests that psychiatrists generally agree in their usage of these terms, provided that the behavioral samples being evaluated are appropriately delimited. PMID- 1111481 TI - Ocular involvement in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. AB - Seven cases illustrate the ocular pathology of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in its several stages, and correlate these changes with the clinical manifestations. The prime abnormalities consisted of detachments of the retina, vacuolar disruption of the pigment epithelium, choroidal hemorrhage, and, most importantly, thrombotic occlusion of the choriocapillaris and of the juxtaposed vessels in the submacular and peripapillary regions. The changes were characteristically symmetrical in the two eyes. PMID- 1111482 TI - Geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. A manifestation of senile macular degeneration. AB - Eleven patients with geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium secondary to senil macular degeneration are differentiated from central areolar choroidal sclerosis. Although these lesions appear morphologically similar to central areolar choroidal sclerosis, they differ strikingly in age of onset, family history, association with senile disciform macular degeneration, and pathologic features. PMID- 1111483 TI - Flecked retina. Appearance secondary to oxalate crystals from methoxyflurane anesthesia. AB - Calcium oxalate crystals were demonstrated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of a 66-year old white man with changes in the fundus oculi consistent with the flecked retina ayndrome. The patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis, mild hypertension, and mild renal insufficiency presumed due to his hypertension. He underwent prolonged abdominal surgery under methoxyflurane anesthesia, following which he developed acute irreversible renal failure. Calcium oxalate crystals were demonstrated postoperatively in a kidney biopsy specimen. He subsequently was maintained on renal dialysis with decreasing renal function. Several weeks before his death fundus examination revealed a picture suggestive of a flecked retina syndrome. At autopsy, widespread oxalosis was found including crystals in the RPE and in some areas in the neural retina and cillary epithelium. PMID- 1111484 TI - Varix of the iris. AB - A varix of the iris as a primary vascular lesion without evidence of reactive vascular proliferation secondary to obstructed outflow of a systemic vascular lesion occurred. No similar cases have been found in the current literature. PMID- 1111485 TI - Peripheral iridectomy with scleral cautery for glaucoma. AB - Peripheral iridectomy with cautery (Scheie operation) was carried out on 113 eyes with glaucoma. The results were so favorable and the complications so few that we believe this operation still has an important place in the surgical management of the glaucomas and is noteworthy in the light of the trend to more precise surgery of the canal of Schlemm and the trabeculae. PMID- 1111486 TI - Pilocarpine toxicity. Effects on the rabbit corneal endothelium. AB - The effects of pilocarpine on the healthy rabbit corneal endothelium were studied by in vitro perfusion, photography, and electron microscopy. The toxicity of endothelial cells to pilocarpine was doserelated. Photography showed shrinkage of cells exposed to pilocarpine. The most striking ultrastructure changes were margination of nuclear heterochromatin and cytoplasmic vacuolation. PMID- 1111487 TI - Effects of drug vehicles on ocular contact time. AB - Radioactive sodium pentechnetate Tc 99m was added to commonly used ophthalmic drug vehicles of saline, 1% methyicellulose, 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol, and a 6:4 mixture of white petrolatum-mineral oil ointment. These drug vehicles containing 99m Tc were placed on both rabbit and human eyes and the rate of disappearance of the radioactivity determined. The ocular retention of 99m Tc by the eye was much longer in the nonblinking eye regardless of the vehicle used. The rate of loss of 99m Tc from the eye was fastest with saline and slowest with the ointment, with methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol in between. The longest contact time of the drug vehicle with the eye is afforded by the use of the ointment vehicle and the covering of both eyes. PMID- 1111488 TI - Teratogenicities of ophthalmic drugs. I. Antiviral ophthalmic drugs. AB - Nonradioactive idoxuridine (IDU,5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine), while not teratogenic to rats, does produce fetal maliformations in rabbits when administered topically to the eye in doses similar to those used clinically, 0.1% four times a day for 12 days. These maliformations include exophthalmos and clubbing of the forelegs. By contrast, trifluorothymidine (F3TdR), another highly effective antiherpetic agent currently under investigation but not available for general use, was found not to be teratogenic to rabbits, even when given in concentrations tenfold greater than the doses used to produce idoxuridine teratogenicity. PMID- 1111489 TI - Teratogenicities of ophthalmic drugs. II. Teratogenicities and tissue accumulation of thimerosal. AB - Under the conditions of this study, systemically or topically applied thimerosal was found to have no teratogenic effect even when given in concentrations approaching the 50% lethal dose of these compounds. A comparison of topical and subcutaneous administration of thimerosal to rabbits shows that a substantial concentration of mercury was present in blood and tissues of the treated animals and their offspring. Thimerosal was found to cross the blood-brain and placenta barriers. PMID- 1111490 TI - Human subretinal fluid. Its cellular and subcellular components. AB - A light and electron microscopical study of subretinal fluid removed at surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment showed a heterogeneity of cell types originating from the neural retina, pigment epithelium, and wandering cells of the blood. Subcellular organelles sedimenting in the centrifuged pellets could be identified as to cell of origin, health of the parent cell, and time since cell rupture. Acellular specimens were typical of angiomatous detachments or long standing rhegmatogenous detachments. Because various mechanisms of cellular pathophysiology contribute to the destructive and reparative processes during retina detachment, the cytologic analysis of subretinal fluid becomes a useful tool in understanding the biological processes that affect visual recovery or impairment after successful retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 1111491 TI - Scleral dellen. PMID- 1111492 TI - Visual evoked responses in the assessment of field defects in glaucoma. AB - A technique for producing steady state visual evoked responses (VERs) to pattern reversal stimulation of retinal areas corresponding to discrete field quadrants is described. Patients examined included 10 normal individuals, 11 patients with ocular hypertension, and 21 with glaucomatous field defects (unilateral except in two cases with bilateral defects). The VERs relating to normal homonymous field quadrants were in phase in all three groups, excluding patients with cataracts. The VERs corresponding to quadrants with small field defects showed a phase shift compared with responses from normal homonymous quadrants in all cases, but were not detectable if the defect filled more than three quarters of the quadrant tested in most cases. The method offers a means for the objective assessment of visual fields in patients with unilateral optic nerve lesions, provided that central visual acuity is 20/80 or better PMID- 1111493 TI - Pituitary carcinoma with liver metastases and Cushing syndrome. Report of a case. AB - A 38-year-old woman complained of headache, visual impairment, and diabetes insipidus for 18 months prior to rapid onset of Cushing syndrome and amenorrhea. An autopsy disclosed a pituitary carchinoma invading the right cavernous sinus and two liver metastases. The tumor cells were chromophobic and agranular, with scarce polymorphism and rare mitoses. A review of the literature showed that the association of Cushing syndrome to pituitary carcinomas increases in direct proportion to the occurence of metastases. Such association was noted in almost half of the reported cases of pituitary carcinomas with extracranial dissemination. PMID- 1111494 TI - Ultrastructure of articular cartilage in pyogenic arthritis. AB - The articular cartilage in pyogenic arthritis, induced in rabbit by intra articular injection of Staphylococcus aureus, was studied with the electron microscope. The cartilage showed erosion of the surface and degeneration and necrosis of the chondrocytes starting from 24 hours onward, following the intra articular injection of bacteria. The surface erosion and chrondrocyte necrosis progressed rapidly. The changes are believed to be due mainly to liberation of lysosomal enzymes from the synovial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 1111495 TI - Recovery of pancreas from mild puromycin-induced injury. A histologic and ultrastructure study in rats. AB - Pancreatic acinar cells undergo degeneration or necrosis following injection of puromycin intraperitoneally in rats. The purpose of this study was to characterize recovery following injection of four hourly doses of puromycin, 40mg/kg of body weight, examining the pancreas histologically and by electron microscopy. The number of dividing acinar cells increased following injury. By 12 to 24 hours following treatment, electron microscopy showed numerous autophagic vacuoles and intracisternal granules in the cells. By 48 hours, these were largely cleared from surviving cells although the intracisternal granules persisted in isolated acinar cells as long as 144 hours. At 24 hours, there was debris in the acinar lumens and interstitial space. We conclude that some acinar cells injured by puromycin may survive and be restored to normal structure; that surviving acinar cells can extrude autophagic vacuoles; and that necrotic acinar cells are replaced by regeneration following puromycin-induced injury in rats. PMID- 1111496 TI - Rhinosporidium seeberi. An ultrastructural study of its endosporulation phase and trophocyte phase. AB - The endosporulation phase of Rhinosporidium seeberi is the part of the life cycle most vulnerable to drug therapy. The laminated body formed from the precleavage sporangium has double-membraned tubular and vesicular structures within concentric layers. Similar tubular structures are also found in the developing sporoblast. The development of trophocytes involves three distinct phases. The early trophocyte retains many of the characteristics of the sporoblast as well as endoplasmic reticulum and other radiating filamentous structures in the cell wall. The itermediate tropocyte is larger (20 mug to 30mug m) and contains lipid bodies and microbodies, whereas the mature trophocyte is smaller (7mug m to9mug m) and microbodies are sparse or absent. PMID- 1111497 TI - Myocardial injury from transthoracic defibrillator countershock. AB - Myocardial damage resulting from transthoracic administration of direct current with cardiac defilbrillators present in clinical use was studied in 66 dogs. Electrodes were applied to the thoracic skin. All direct current discharges were delivered via a commercially available defilbrillator. Most of the animals received ten consecutive discharges with a dial setting of 400 watt-seconds. Animals were killed from 3 to 14 days after receiving the discharges. Myocarial necrosis was produced in most of the animals. The lesions were characterized by sharply localized areas of muscle necrosis that progressed to fibrous scars. Mineralization of damaged muscle and florid proliferation of large mononuclear cells were striking features of the lesions. PMID- 1111498 TI - Letter: Microradiography of bone, a new use for the versatile Faxitron. PMID- 1111499 TI - Letter: Starch in tissue. PMID- 1111500 TI - Letter: Carcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 1111501 TI - Substantia nigra self-stimulation: dependence on noradrenergic reward pathways. PMID- 1111502 TI - Placentophagia in nonpregnant nulliparous mice: a genetic investigation. PMID- 1111503 TI - Incorporation of 3H-L-fucose into brain glycoproteins during environmental stimulation following intracranial, intravenous, or subcutaneous injections. PMID- 1111504 TI - Sex-related differences in rats open-field activity. PMID- 1111505 TI - Cortical involvement in tonic immobility ("animal hypnosis"): effect of spreading cortical depression. PMID- 1111506 TI - Vertex evoked potentials in a rating-scale detection task: relation to signal probability. PMID- 1111507 TI - Estrogen control of scent marking female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 1111508 TI - Resonance Raman spectroscopic evidence for structural variation among bacterial ferredoxin, HiPIP, and Fe4S4(SCH2Ph)42. PMID- 1111509 TI - The translation of a human placental lactogen mRNA fraction in heterologous cell free systems: the synthesis of a possible precursor. PMID- 1111510 TI - Curare blocks cationic conductance in artificial membranes containing hydrophobic proteins from cholinergic tissues. PMID- 1111511 TI - Preparation and purification of carbamylated intermediates of human hemoglobin. PMID- 1111512 TI - Resonance Raman spectroscopy as an analytical probe for biological chromophores: spectra of four Cu-etioporphyrins. PMID- 1111513 TI - Rheo-optical transients in erythrocyte suspensions. PMID- 1111514 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in proplastids and mitochondria of developing castor bean endosperm. PMID- 1111515 TI - Is secretory component disulfide-bonded to both monomer subunits in human secretory IgA dimer? PMID- 1111516 TI - Cestrum diurnum: a domestic plant with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-like activity. PMID- 1111517 TI - Calcium affinity of chick brain tubulin. PMID- 1111518 TI - Glutathione. X. Human erythrocyte membrane diffusion coefficients for diazene derivatives of the DIP series via intracellular thiol oxidation. PMID- 1111519 TI - Structural specificity in phospholipid biosynthesis. Formation of 2-acyl-1,2 alkanediolphosphorylcholine in a cell-free system. PMID- 1111520 TI - Involvement of RNA polymerase in the synthesis of DNA by growing and toluene treated cells of Bacillus brevis. PMID- 1111521 TI - Native conformation of M-protein. PMID- 1111522 TI - Hydroperoxide dependent O-dealkylation reactions catalyzed by liver microsomal cytochrome P450. PMID- 1111523 TI - Structural changes in the ribosomes and ribosomal proteins of Rhodopseudomonas palustris. PMID- 1111524 TI - Solubility of collagen from normal and scleroderma fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 1111525 TI - The difference in turnover rate between the chlorophyll a in the P700-chlorophyll a-protein and in the total chloroplast membranes. PMID- 1111526 TI - Ping-pong chromatography. A novel purification of CoA-transferase. PMID- 1111527 TI - Do histones bind to a specific group of DNA sequences in chromatin? A test based on DNA ligase action on reconstituted chromatin. PMID- 1111528 TI - Effects of 17beta-estradiol treatment in vivo on the amino acid incorporating capacity of reconstituted ribosomes from guinea pig uterus. PMID- 1111529 TI - L-kynurenine aminotransferase and L-alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase. I. Evidence for identity. PMID- 1111530 TI - The nicotinic cholinergic receptor : different compositions evidenced by statistical analysis. PMID- 1111531 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 24xi-1- and 24xi-2-hydroxyvitamin D3+. PMID- 1111532 TI - Cytoplasmic DNA: separation into two components with detergents. PMID- 1111533 TI - Beryllium-induced misincorporation by a DNA polymerase: a possible factor in beryllium toxicity. PMID- 1111534 TI - Effect of ethanol on the metabolsim of alanine glutamic acid, and proline in rat liver. PMID- 1111535 TI - Effect of the administration of antirheumatic drugs on experimental granuloma in rat. PMID- 1111536 TI - The identity of enzymes reducing a thiamine disulfide derivative and cystine derivatives via thiol-sisulfide exchange. PMID- 1111537 TI - Hepatic blood flow and enzyme induction in the rat. PMID- 1111538 TI - Correlation of analgesia with levels of tilidine and a biologically active metabolite in rat plasma and brain. PMID- 1111539 TI - Differences of cyclophosphamide and 6-mercaptopurine metabolic rates in perfused liver of normal and tumour-bearing animals. PMID- 1111540 TI - Influence of esterase inhibitors on platelet aggregation and release induced by phorbol myristate acetate. PMID- 1111541 TI - Drug and fatty acid hydroxylation by solubilized human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450-phospholipid requirement. PMID- 1111542 TI - Sex difference in the phospholipid composition of rat liver microsomes. PMID- 1111543 TI - Effect of clonidine on the synthesis of cerebral dopamine. PMID- 1111544 TI - Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-uptake by rat liver lysosomes. PMID- 1111545 TI - Comparison of the inhibitory effects of propargylamine and pargyline on brain and liver monoamine oxidase activity. PMID- 1111546 TI - Elevation in blood acetaldehyde by pargyline during ethanol administration. PMID- 1111547 TI - Tissue uptake of o-aminolaevulinic acid. PMID- 1111548 TI - Metabolism of (1-14C)gamma-hydroxybutyric acid by rat brain after intraventricular injection. PMID- 1111549 TI - Ethanol protection against hemicholinium toxicity in mice. PMID- 1111550 TI - Effect of thyroxine and cortisol on brain ornithine decarboxylase activity and swimming behavior in developing rat. PMID- 1111551 TI - Antiviral activity of O'-alkylated derivatives of cytosine arabinoside. PMID- 1111552 TI - A possible association between the nucleoside transport system of human erythrocytes and adenosine deaminase. PMID- 1111553 TI - Traumatic posterior tibial nerve injury. A case report. PMID- 1111554 TI - A recording bridge viscometer. PMID- 1111555 TI - Selective filtration in the isolation of independent clones of Streptomyces. AB - A single procedure for an efficient discrimination among the different size components of heterogeneous populations of Streptomyces spore suspensions is described. Conidia connected by substances of hydrophobic nature make obtaining all the spores in independent units difficult. For the isolation of pure clones, single spore suspensions were prepared by selective filtration through uniform and controlled pore size membranes. Single spore-enriched suspensions may be a useful tool for increasing the yield of auxotrophs, ensuring independent mutation during mutagenic treatments. This procedure can be extended to other sporulating species. PMID- 1111556 TI - Premonitory sign of heart block in acute posterior myocardial infarction. AB - The appearance of the ARS complex in leads V3R and V4R was analysed in a series of 94 patients with acute posterior myocardial infarction. The cases of posterior myocardial infarction with direct signs of injury (ST segment elevation with a rise of 0.5 mm or more of point F and/or QS pattern) in leads V3R and/or V4R were complicated three times as often by atrioventricular block as those in which such signs were absent (66% and 22%, respectively; P smaller than 0.001). When one of these signs was present in leads V3R and/or V4R, the disorder of conduction was "severe" (complete atrioventricular block or sinotrial block with pauses) in half the cases and "unstable" (bradycardia below 50 beats/min; ventricular pause with or without syncope; widening of QRS complex; ventricular hyperexcitability) in one-third, justifying the introduction of a stimulating catheter. Such disorders were found, respectively, only 1 in 7 (14%), and less than 1 in 10 (8%) when these signs were absent (P smaller than 0.001). The association of ST segment elevation and QS pattern was rarer (15 cases) than the isolated finding of either sign. It was found in the most severe disorders of atrioventricular conduction. The changes observed in leads V3R and/or V4R before the appearance of atrioventricular block enable one to predict which patients with posterior myocardial infarction are the most likely to develop atrioventricular block. These electrocardiographic features seem to indicate septal involvement. PMID- 1111557 TI - Pulmonary vascular changes associated with isolated mitral stenosis in India. AB - Pulmonary vascular changes were studied in 100 cases of isolated mitral stenosis; these included 90 patients in whom lung biopsies were obtained at valvotomy and 10 patients who came to necropsy. Medial thickness of the pulmonary arteries was measured in each case and in 12 cases was correlated with the haemodynamic data. Most patients were young, 78 being 30 years of age or less and 42 under 20 years or less. Males predominated 2:1. All patients with mitral stenosis showed varying degrees of vascular and other associated parenchymal changes. The most conspicuous were those observed in the muscular branches of the pulmonary artery in which the media was thickened in all cases, moderately in 44 and considerably in 28 cases. Dilation lesions representing grade 4 lesions of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease (Heath and Edwards, 1958), hitherto not described in mitral stenosis, were observed in 4 cases. The intima was found to be frequently abnormal, showing oedema, fibrosis, and, more importantly, variable degrees of muscularization, often suggesting the incipient formation of a second media. Arteries and arterioles were often occluded by thrombi in various stages of organization, and the freshly formed channels tended to acquire a muscular lining. Arterioles were muscularized in all cases, and in many there was a pronounced intimal proliferation. Other changes included medial hypertrophy in the veins and and occasional muscularization and dilatation of the lymphatics. A notable feature was hypertrophy of the musculature of the bronchiolo-alvelar system seen in a majority of cases. The alveolar walls showed variable degrees of thickening and fibrosis, intimal proliferation of alveolar capillaries, and "epithelialization" of alveoli. Haemosiderosis was present in 70 cases. On the whole the more severe changes were observed more often in the younger subjects, further supporting the observation that rheumatic mitral stenosis in India commonly affects the juvenile age groups and is characterized by association with severe pulmonary hypertension. Medial hypertrophy was proportional to the level of pulmonary artery pressure. PMID- 1111558 TI - Pulmonary blood flow distribution after banding of pulmonary artery. AB - Radioisotope lung scanning was used to investigate the distribution of pulmonary blood flow after banding of the pulmonary artery in children with a left-to-right shunt and pulmonary hypertension. An abnormal distribution of blood flow in the lung on the side of the operation approach was observed in all patients in the first three weeks following surgery. Abnormalities were still observed in 17 of 21 children 10 months to more than 8 years after the banding operation. There was no significant relation between the occurrence of these abnormalities and time after surgery. Diminished flow to the zones of the right lung was observed less frequently. The incidence of abnormalities in flow distribution was also high preoperatively. Respiratory complications in infants with large left-to-right shunts were considered to be responsible for most of the abnormal blood flow distributions observed. Radioactive lung scanning was found to be a valuable diagnostic method in the early and late postoperative period in infants and small children. It was more sensitive than the other techniques used in revealing deviation of blood flow from one lung in those cases with shifting of the applied band. PMID- 1111559 TI - Echoventriculographic detection, localization, and quantification of left ventricular asynergy in acute myocardial infarction. A correlative echo- and electrocardiographic study. AB - "Echoventriculography", an echocardiographic method specially developed to scan the regional function of the left ventricle, is introduced for studying left ventricular wall motion alteration in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Purposeful probe directions, a 2:1 magnification, and careful adjustment of the gain and reject levels allowed a direct echocardiographic scanning of practically the entire left ventricle. Technically acceptable echoventriculograms were obtained from the upper and lower halves of the septal, anterior, lateral, and postero-inferior left ventricle segments in all observations on 30 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. Various degrees of regional left ventricular asynergy were present in 100 per cent of the patients with acute myocardial infarction. In contrast, synergic ventricular segmental wall motion was observed in 40 healthy subjects. Pronounced asynergy was already detectable within 12 hours from onset of the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Echoventriculography detected acute left ventricular asynergy as well in the anteroseptal or lateral as in the posteroinferior locations. The anterior and/or septal infarction (13 of the 30 patientsy always showed a paradoxical systolic motion of the, generally large, infarcted areas. The amplitude of abnormal outward motion was up to 5 mm. In the posteroinferior infarctions (17 patients) akinetic or hypokinetic modes prevailed. The contractile function of the uninvolved segments could be measured at the same time. Hypercontractile left ventricular wall motion was common in these healthy areas in acute myocardial infarction. These findings provide useful insight into the various components of the overall left ventricular pump function in acute myocardial infarction. The validity of the echoventriculographic evaluations of the segmental left ventricular function subsets was further confirmed in 2 patients undergoing left ventricular cineangiographic studies and in 2 by necropsy. The site of the asynergic left ventricular wall motion abnormalities correlated excellently with electrocardiographic prediction of the site of acute myocardial infarction. The echoventriculographic analysis proved to be more accurate in detecting asynergy than was the electrocardiogram. This new echoventriculographic method may become a useful tool for serial noninvasive alalysis of left ventricular performance, in detecting both the asynergic areas and the reserve function of the normal regions in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1111560 TI - Familial pulmonary stenosis with underdeveloped or normal right ventricle. AB - A family with 3 cases of pulmonary stenosis with underdeveloped or normal right ventricle is described. In the family there have also been some spontaneous abortions and many infant deaths, and it seems possible that these were also related to congenital cardiac abnormalities. Recognized syndromes with pulmonary stenosis and reports on familial occurrence of this malformation are reviewed. The cases reported in this paper differ from these previously described syndromes. The possibility of sex-influenced monogenic inheritance is discussed. PMID- 1111561 TI - Extreme pulmonary hypertension caused by mitral valve disease. Natural history and results of surgery. AB - Five hundred and eighty six patients with mitral valve disease were studied with cardiac catheterization between 1961 and 1972; 48 (8.2%) had extreme pulmonary hypertension (resting systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 80 mmHg or above and pulmonary vascular resistance of 10 units or greater) and of these patients, 27 underwent cardiac surgery. The operative mortality for mitral valvotomy was 11 per cent and for mitral valve replacement 56 per cent. The overall mortality was 31 per cent. The risks of operation were increased in those with a long history of cardiac symptoms, those over 50 years of age, and in the presence of associated aortic valve disease. The mean survival for those patients not having operation was only 2.4 plus or minus 0.5 years. The mean follow-up period for those surviving operation has been 5.8 plus or minus 0.6 years, and symptomatic improvement has been good. PMID- 1111562 TI - Myocardial lactate metabolism during isometric hand grip test. Comparison with pacing tachycardia. AB - Twenty-five patients with chest pain were studied by left ventriculography and coronary arteriography. Myocardial metabolic studies were done during control state, pacing tachycardia, isometric hand grip at 30 per cent of maximum force, and combined hand grip plus pacing tachycardia. Nine patients had myocardial lactate abnormality (group 1) as evidenced by myocardial lactate production or decreased extraction (less than 10%). Though tension time index and triple product (left ventricular ejection time times HR times systolic pressure) as determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption were highest during combined hand grip plus pacing tachycardia, myocardial lactate abnormalities were most frequent during pacing tachycardia. The present study indicates that isometric hand grip even if performed during pacing tachycardia is not a sensitive test for detection of myocardial lactate abnormalities. The rising level of arterial lactate during isometric hand grip is the most likely mechanism of positive myocardial arteriovenous lactate difference. PMID- 1111563 TI - The pattern of intramural veins of the left ventricle of the human heart. AB - A detailed injection, microradiographic, and histological necropsy study of 18 hearts showed that the pattern of myocardial veins differed from the arterial pattern. In "normal" hearts, large drainage veins began in the subendocardial zone and coursed fairly directly towards the epicardium, maintaining a comparatively even calibre throughout. Smaller, but similar, drainage veins also begain in the middle of the myocardial wall. In the outer myocardium small groups of these vessels converged to form a single vein which then entered, almost at right angles, the pericardial veins. In general, small veins within the myocardium entered directly into the large drainage veins without any extensive intermediate sized venous network. In "abnormal" hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy the myocardial veins appeared basically normal but were more widely separated and consequently overall less dense on microradiography. Interruption of main drainage veins and loss of normal pattern were seen in areas of myocardial fibrosis associated with coronary artery disease. In a heart with severe generalized coronary artery atheroma the normal pattern in the inner half of the wall was replaced by a "plexus" of small veins in which the majority of vessels coursed circumferentially. The possible significance of both the normal and abnormal vein pattern is discussed. PMID- 1111565 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma presenting with heart block. PMID- 1111564 TI - Classification of ventricular pre-excitation. Vectorcardiographic study. AB - In a study of 45 cases of ventricular pre-excitation, 19 were classified as type A and 20 as type B according to Rosenbaum's criteria, which depend on the polarity of the major deflections in the right praecordial leads and not, as is commonly thought, on the direction of the delta vector. Six cases that could not be classified as type A or type B were termed intermediate. Vectorcardiograms were recorded from 29, and these showed a wide but continuous range of values for both the delta and the main QRS vectors in all three planes. Any classification based on these features must, therefore, depend on arbitrary quantitative data. Three patients in this series had associated right bundle-branch block. A review of the published reports on the association of pre-excitation and bundle-branch block failed to provide a rational basis for the classification of pre excitation. It is emphasized that Rosenbaum's classification is empirical and its validity is questioned. PMID- 1111566 TI - Pericardial defect presenting as acute pericarditis. AB - A case of herniation of the left atrial appendage, through a defect in the pericardium, is described in a 16-year-old boy who was below the third percentile for height and weight. The clinical presentation was an acute pericarditis. Widespread inversion of T waves on the electrocardiogram and collapse of the lower lobe of the left lung with pleural effusion developed. Thoracotomy showed strangulation of the atrial appendage which was excised, and the pericardial defect repaired. After operation there was a striking improvement in the electrocardiogram and a rapid gain in weight. Syndromes caused by pericardial defects are reviewed. PMID- 1111567 TI - Proteolysis of paramyosin from Mercenaria mercenaria and properties of its most stable segment. AB - The helical muscle protein paramyosin appears to consist of three segments of approximately equal size that differ in stability to guanidine hydrochloride and heat. The N-terminal segment is most stable and the C-terminal segment is least stable. These differences in stability serve as a basis for design of proteolytic digestions to specifically remove segments of low and intermediate stability. Thus, at room temperature only the C-terminal region was susceptible to digestion by pepsin or trypsin. Proteolytic removal of the latter region resulted in the accumulation of the remaining two-thirds of the paramyosin molecule as a segment (PPC-1) of 140,000 daltons that was still in a stable helical conformation. Proceeding to more rigorous conditions, papain digestion of either paramyosin or PPC-1 in 4 M guanidine-HCl that would be expected to destabilize all but the N terminal segment did result in cleavage of all except that region. The N-terminal region accumulated as a helical segment of 74,000 daltons (PPC-2) if digestion was limited to 1.5 hr or a smaller segment of 58,000 daltons (PPC-3) if digestion continued for 24 hr. Stability of the three PPC segments to guanidine-HCl and heat was measured by change in fluorescence of tyrosyl residues upon loss of the helical conformation. The stability of the segments corresponded well with the stability of those regions in the paramyosin molecule from which the segments were believed to have come. Amino acid composition of the PPC segments and of paramyosin were all very similar, and prediction of relative stability of these helical proteins from inspection of gross amino acid composition does not appear promising. PMID- 1111568 TI - Complex formation between naphthothiopheneethanolamines and deoxyribonucleic acids. AB - Reduced viscosities, viscometric titrations, fluorescence, and flow dichroism measurements indicate that the aromatic ring system of naphthothiopheneethanolamines (NA) is intercalated on binding to DNA. No marked change in binding was found on substituting a dibutylamino group for a piperidyl ring on the side chain. Ionic strength studies, however, did indicate that the positive charge on the side chain is quite important for binding. Both the binding equilibrium constant and the number of binding sites, as determined from a Scatchard plot of spectrophotometric results, decreased on increasing the sodium chloride concentration. The increase in Tm for several DNA samples, caused by adding NA to DNA at a fixed ratio, showed a marked dependence on the percentage of AT base pairs. The conclusion drawn from these data is that the DNA NA complex involves high specificity of the NA for AT base pairs, intercalation of the aromatic ring system, and binding of the NA side chain in the DNA minor groove with strong interaction between the positively charged side chain and the DNA phosphate groups. PMID- 1111569 TI - Thermodynamic properties of superhelical DNAs. AB - Binding isotherms of ethidium to the superhelical DNA from phage PM2, and to PM2 DNA containing -1 single-chain scission per molecule, have been determined at six temperatures from 2.5 to 50 degrees, in 3M CsCl-0.01 M Na3EDTA. Spectrophotometric measurements in both the visible and ultraviolet (uv) regions were used to obtain the binding isotherms. The isotherm at 20 degrees was also obtained by determining the free ethidium concentrations in equilibrium with DNA ethidium complexes in boundary sedimentation experiments. A simple thermodynamic analysis shows that for a superhelical DNA with v bound ethidium per nucleotide, the change in free energy per unit change in the number of superhelical turns T, dGT/dT, is directly related the ratio of the free ethidium concentrations, cf,v and cf,v, in equilibrium with the ethidium complexes of the superhelical and the nicked DNA, respectively, at the same values of v. The relationship is dGT/dT = (360/E)RTln (cf,v/cf,v), where e is the unwinding angle of the DNA helix per bound ethidium molecule. Experimentally, it was found that ln (cf,v/cf,v) = a1(v vc), where a1 is a constant at a given temperature and vc is the value of v at which the originally superhelical DNA is completely relaxed, i.e., containing no superhelical turns. The equation relating dGT/dT and v, upon transformation and integration, gives finite difference GT,v=o = -a1NRTvc2/2, where finite difference GT,v=0 is the free energy of superhelix formation of the superhelical DNA in the absence of ethidium and N is the number of nucleotides per DNA molecule. This equation is independent of the unwinding angle e. The values of a1 are 11.2 plus or minus 0.9, 11.2 plus or minus 0.7, 11.2 plus or minus 0.6, 10.7 plus or minus 0.8, 10.0 pl.us or minus 1.0, and 9.8 plus or minus 1.4 at 2.5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 degrees, respectively. Measurements with lambda b2b5c DNA, and monomeric and trimeric lambda dv DNA, indicate that the constant a1 is insensitive to the molecular length of DNA. The present results are compared with the previous results of Bauer and Vinograd (Bauer, W., and Vinograd, M. (1970), J. Mol. Biol. 47, 419), obtained by a statistical mechanical analysis of the ethidium binding isotherms (determined by density gradient centrifugation measurements) to two forms of simian virus 40 DNA at 25 degrees. The effects of superhelical turns on a number of processes, such as the binding of a ligand which unwinds or winds the DNA helix, the denaturation of a DNA segment, and the formation of hair-pinned structures from base sequences with a twofold rotational symmetry, are discussed from the thermodynamic point of view, based on the present results. PMID- 1111570 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of 2'- and 3'-ribonucleotide structures in solution. AB - A systematic 220-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) study has been made of all common purine and pyrimidine 2'(3')-ribonucleotides in D2O solutions at 20 plus or minus 2 degrees. Spectra for the entire series were measured under similar conditions of concentration, temperature, and ionic strength, thereby facilitating intercomparisons of spectral properties. Spectral assignments were accomplished with the aid of selected 31P-1H decoupling experiments and accurate values of nmr parameters were derived by simulation-iteration procedures. A detailed analysis of the coupling constants and chemical shifts permitted a determination of conformational properties for ribose rings, exocyclic carbinol and phosphate groups, and the orientation of base-ribose rings. Following procedures described elsewhere, an evaluation was made of ribose ring pseudorotational parameters for each 2'(3')-nucleotide. The results show that both the degree of pucker and pseudorotational angle vary only slightly throughout the entire series of molecules, and lie within the ranges found in the crystalline state. Furthermore, the ribose rings are in rapid equilibrium between N type (C(3')-ENDO, C(2')-exo) and S type (C(2')-endo, C(3')-exo) conformers, N forms and is formed by S, with an S type conformer favored in purine 2'(3') ribonucleotides (-60:40) while pyrimidines exhibit approximately equal compositions. Thus, the phosphate location on the ring has less of an effect on ring properties than the nature of the base ring. An analysis is also reported of rotamer equilibria about C(4')-C(5'), C(2')-O(2'), and C(3')-O(3') bonds. For the former the nmr coupling constant data are consistent with a predominant gg rotamer (-70%) with gt and tg rotamers populated to the extent of -20 and -10%, respectively. No correlation of the type seen for 5'-nucleotides appears to exist between C(4')-C(5') gg population and ribose ring equilibrium composition. For 2' nucleotides the 31P-H(2') coupling data indicate a preferred C(3')g, C(1')t conformer about C(2')-O(2') in agreement with 13C nmr results. A less definitive rotamer analysis follows from observed J31P,H(3') values, but when these results are combined with relevant chemical shift data for deoxynucleosides and nucleotides the evidence strongly points to essentially free rotation and approximately equal rotamer populations about C(3')-O(3'). Chemical shift differences between purine and pyrimidine 2'(3')-ribonucleotides are qualitatively accounted for by "in-plane" purine diamagnetic anisotropy effects. Also, the greater magnitude for purine deshieldings in 2'(3')-nucleotides relative to 5'-nucleotides is explained by a more favored syn:anti ratio in the former in line with recent nucle PMID- 1111571 TI - Sexual differences in hepatic metabolism and intracellular distribution of corticosterone studied by pulse labeling with (1,2,6,7-3H)corticosterone. AB - The subcellular distribution of corticosterone and its metabolites in liver was studied 5, 30, and 90 min after injection of (1,2,6,7-3/)corticosterone in adult male and female rats that were adrenalectomized or hypophysectomized: 5 min after administration of isotope, the adrenalectomized male rats contained ten times as much labeled unconjugated corticosterone, 5alpha-dihydrocorticosterone, and 3alpha- and 3beta,11beta,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one on the nuclear fraction than the corresponding female rats. The metabolites of corticosterone in the soluble fraction of liver from adrenalectomized females occurred as about 90 per cent steroid monosulfates and disulfates already 5 min after administration of isotope. In contrast, the soluble fraction of liver from males contained only 38 per cent labeled monosulfate 5 min after injection of (1,2,6,7 3H)corticosterone. The individual labeled metabolites from the different subcellular fractions were identified by thin-layer and radio-gas chromatography. The major metabolites found in the female were mono- and disulfurylated 3alpha,11beta,15,21-tetrahydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, 3alpha,15,21-trihydroxy 5alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione, and 3alpha,11beta,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20 one. The predominant metabolites in the male were 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha(and 3beta),11beta,20beta,21-tetrol and 3beta,11beta,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20 one which mainly occurred as mono- and disulfates. Hypophysectomized female rats showed a corticosterone metabolite pattern with almost no 15-hydroxylated metabolites but with large amounts of isomers of pregnane-3,11beta,20beta,21 tetrol, i.e., a "masculinized" pattern. It is concluded that hepatic intracellular metabolism and transport of corticosterone in vivo in rats are characterized by large sexual difference which are at least partly under hypophyseal control. PMID- 1111572 TI - Increase in fluorescence energy transfer across lipid bilayers induced by valinomycin. PMID- 1111573 TI - Membrane conductance changes in single nodes of Ranvier, measured by laser induced temperature-jump experiments. AB - Temperature-jump experiments on isolated myelinated nerve fibers were done using a pulsed laser system in the Q switched mode. Voltage-clamp and temperature perturbations were used to measure the relaxing ionic conductances of both the Na+ and K+ systems. It is shown that the T jump can be used to probe the K+ and Na+ conductances during non-steady state conditions and thereby elicit relaxation times for a variety of initial states. Temperature-induced K+ conductance relaxation times were consistent with voltage-clamp measurements. The temperature perturbation experiments were done as a combination of a temperature step and impulse change due to an adsorption of carbon black particles on the nerve. The experiments support the hypothesis that the relaxation times of the K+ system are independent of the previous history of the axon. It is concluded that the K+ conductance is at least a second-order system whose relaxation spectrum is composed of two exponential terms the magnitudes of which are markedly dependent on the initial conditions. PMID- 1111574 TI - The release of dopamine from synaptosomes from rat striatum by the ionophores X 537A and A 23187. AB - The antibiotics X 537A and A 23187 are negatively charged divalent cation ionophores. X 537A may, in addition, be an ionophore for amines including catecholamines. The effects of these ionophores were examined on the uptake and release of dopamine by synaptosomes prepared from rat corpus striatum. Both X 537A and A 23187, at concentrations less than 0.5 muM, release both endogenous and [3-H]-dopamine from synaptosomes. They had virtually no effect on the uptake of exogenous dopamine. These compounds act by different mechanisms. X 537A causes divalent ion-independent release in which a large fraction of the effluent consists of deaminated products. X 537A, in addition, releases [3-H]dopamine from rat adrenal medullary chromaffin granules. The results suggest that X 537A causes release of dopamine from intrasynaptosomal storage vesicles and perhaps is acting as a catecholamine carrier across the vesicular membrane. A 23187, on the other hand, causes a Ca-2+-dependent release in which only a small fraction of the catechol in the effluent is deaminated. A 23187 has little effect on the release of [3-H]dopamine from chromaffin granules. These results suggest that A 23187 carries Ca-2+ into the synaptosomes and thereby initiates exocytotoc release. PMID- 1111575 TI - The interaction of atebrin with phospholipid vesicles. AB - The interaction of atebrin with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine phosphatidic acid vesicles has been followed by equilibrium dialysis, and by photometric, fluorimetric and NMR techniques. The presence of negative charges in the phospholipids enhances the binding of atebrin. The absorbance and NMR spectral changes and fluorescence quenching occurring with phosphatidic acid are attributed to dimerization of the dye interacting electrostatically with negative groups. The dissociation constant of the binding of the dye to phosphatidylcholine vesicles was 1.4 mM; those of binding to the negative sites of phosphatidic acid were approx. 150 and 3 muM. The dye is probably located at the interphase with the acridine ring interacting with the anionic groups of phosphatidic acid and the tail freely floating in the aqueous phase. The results are discussed also in view of the use of atebrin as a probe of the energized state in natural membranes and of the suggestion that atebrin may be used as a transmembrane pH indicator in liposomes or natural membranes. PMID- 1111576 TI - Non-parallel transport of membrane proteins and content proteins during assembly of the secretory granule in rat parotid gland. AB - The insertion of newly synthesized protein molecules into the membrane of the secretory granule of the rat parotid gland was studied by in vivo labeling with [3-H]-proline and [3-H]leucine. 2 h after the injection of the amino acid into the rat, the membrane fraction isolated from the secretory granules was found to be highly labeled with proline but only slightly labeled with leucine. The ratio of proline label in the granule membrane to that in the granule's secretory content was roughly equivalent to the ratio of total proline in the proteins of these two fractions. In contrast the ratio of leucine label in the membrane to that in the secretory content was much less than would be expected from the relative amount of leucine in both fractions. Separation of the proteins of the granule membrane by gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecylsulfate showed that a considerable amount of these proteins was unlabeled. The labeled proteins could be selectively extracted from the membrane by 0.15 M Nacl solution or by dilute buffer at pH 4.5. These extracted proteins were found to contain a high proportion of proline residues and a negligible amount of leucine residues. In the extract proline constituted 36 mole % of the total amino acids. Proline plus glycine plus glutamic acid constituted more than 80 mole % and leucine constituted about 1 mole% of the total amino acids. Further analyses by gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecylsulfate showed that the fractions of secretory granule membrane and secretory granule content are relatively free of contamination by proteins from other subcellular structures. It is suggested that the proteins which will constitute the mature secretory granule are transported to the site of final assembly by two pathways. The proline-rich proteins are transported to the site of assembly in close coordination with all the exportable proteins. The other membrane proteins arrive by a different pathway. Two alternative mechanisms are suggested to explain the finding that a considerable part of the membrane proteins are not labeled. I. The pathway of the intracellular transport of the unlabeled membrane proteins is similar to that of the secretory proteins but the newly synthesized membrane protein molecules are diluted in a large intermediate pool--the GOLgi complex. II. The proteins that did not get labeled are derived by a process of reutilization, from membranes of granules which have previously discharged their content in the process of secretion. PMID- 1111577 TI - Cysteine metabolism in vivo of vitamin B6-deficient rats. AB - The expirations of 14CO2 from DL-[1-14C]-, DL-[3-14C]- and L-[U-14C] cysteine used as isotopic tracers were estimated in order to determine the in vivo metabolic distribution of L-cysteine in pyridoxine deficient rats. The expired 14CO2 from L-[U-14C] cysteine was increased by pyridoxine deficiency. The loading of non-physiological dose of L-cysteine resulted in remarkable increase in the expiration of 14CO2 from each tracer in deficient rats as well as in controls. The in vivo metabolic distributions of L-cysteine were calculated from the expired 14CO2 from these isotopic tracers. The in vivo metabolic distribution of L-cysteine calculated showed that the remarkable lesion in taurine pathway occurred in pyridoxine deficient rats, and when non-physiological dose of L cysteine was loaded the catabolism of L-cysteine of controls was markedly increased in either pyruvate or taurine pathway, whereas the L-cysteine catabolism in deficient rats was increased only in pyruvate but not in taurine pathway. The urinary excretions of 35S-labeled metabolites such as sulfate or taurine were also examined in deficient and control rats. PMID- 1111578 TI - Cellulose synthesis by Acetobacter xylinum. III. Matrix, primer and lipid requirements and heat stability of the cellulose-forming enzymes. AB - The addition of soluble cellodextrins of increasing size to a cell envelope preparation of Acetobacter xylinum stimulated cellulose synthesis from UDPG. This stimulation was attributed to both acceptor and activator effects. Enzymes required for cellulose synthesis were found to be heat-unstable and those required for synthesis of glycosylated lipid components from UDPG, heat-stable. Both heat-inactivated envelope fragments and supernatant fluid from whole cells were necessary for cellulose synthesis from UDPG. Cellulose was not formed from UDPG in the presence of either supernatant fluid alone or heat-inactivated envelopes alone. The combined results of this and previous studies suggest that either the cell envelope is necessary for synthesis of a more immediate precursor to cellulose than UDPG, or that the synthesis from UDPG requires a matrix. The former suggestion and its possible link with lipid intermediate involvement was strengthened by the observation of inefficient glycosylated lipid formation by a celluloseless mutant strain of A. xylinum. The possible locations of various enzyme activities required for the synthesis of the cellulose precursor are indicated and a possible microfibril nucleation process is discussed. PMID- 1111579 TI - The response of small intestinal villous and crypt epithelium to choleratoxin in rat and guinea pig. Evidence against a specific role of the crypt cells in choleragen-induced secretion. AB - 1. Some kinetic properties of adenylate cyclase in separately isolated upper villous and crypt cells from rat and guinea pig small intestine were compared. An apparent Km of 0.4 mM was found for both enzymes in the rat. The slight difference between the V-values measured in the fluoride-stimulated state (132 and 165 pmoles cyclic AMP formed per min per mg protein respectively) indicated an approximately equal enzyme content of both cell populations and argues strongly against a preferential localization in the brushborder region of the epithelial cell. 2. Prolonged contact of the small intestine with luminally administered choleragen led to an irreversible activation of adenylate cyclase in both villous and crypt compartments. The maximal stimulation of the upper villous enzyme (4-7 times) exceeded the maximal effect on the crypt enzyme by two-fold. 3. A lag phase of at least 30 min was found between the first luminal contact with the purified choleragen and a significant activation of the adenylate cyclase associated with isolated intestinal brushborders from the upper villous region. 4. By using a short exposure time (2 min) of the luminal surface to high amounts of choleragen, adenylate cyclase activity in the upper villus could be optimally stimulated in the absence of any alteration of crypt cell activity. 5. By comparing, in vivo, the effects of short and prolonged contact with choleratoxin on the unidirectional and net flux of ions and water in ileal and jejunal segments, it was concluded that both villous and crypt regions contribute to the secretion of water and electrolytes (sodium, chloride and bicarbonate ions) during cholera. The serosal to mucosal flux of sodium and chloride ions increased without a significant alteration of the opposite flux. These results imply that absorptive and secretory processes occur within the same epithelial compartment. 6. The view that the crypt epithelium fulfills a specific role during the choleragen-induced secretion of ions and water is incompatible with the results of the present study. PMID- 1111580 TI - Incorporation of hypoxanthine into adenine and guanine nucleotides by human platelets. AB - 1. Incubation (1-4 h) of normal human washed platelets (5-11-10-8 per ml) with [8 14C] hypoxanthine at a concentration of 10-5 M resulted in a linear incorporation of radioactivity into adenine and guanine nucleotides. 2. Washed platelets from patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, deficient in hypoxanthine: guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, failed to demonstrate any significant incorporation of [8-14C] hypoxanthine but did incorporate [8-14C] adenine like normal platelets under the same incubation condition. 3. These findings are taken to indicate that normal platelets have the enzymes necessary for salvage of hypoxanthine and that hypoxanthine: guanine phosphoribosyltransferase is the obligatory first step in this pathway. PMID- 1111581 TI - 32P distribution into 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid from human erythrocytes following molybdate-catalyzed hydrolysis. AB - Normal human washed erythrocytes were incubated in autologous plasma with 32P for varying periods of time. 2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid the major organic phosphate ester of red cells, was first isolated and purified by anion-exchange chromatography; subsequently, the C-2Pi was selectively hydrolyzed by a molybdate catalyzed reaction. The C-2-bound Pi of 2,3-P2-glyceric acid was found to have a significantly higher specific activity than C-3 Pi. Intramolecular equilibration was not reached until the 180-min incubation. No evidence of overhydrolysis or internal randomization by the molybdate reaction was noted which was confirmed following hydrolysis of double-label 2,3-P2-glyceric acid 32P C-2, 33P C-3. PMID- 1111582 TI - Investigations on the venom of the South Indian scorpion Heterometrus scaber. AB - The enzymes from the venom of Heterometrus scaber, the indole compounds present and the toxic protein of the venom have been studied. The venom contains acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, 5'-nucleotidase, hyaluronidase, acetylcholine esterase and phospholipase. A. The indole compounds present in the venom have been identified as 5-hydroxytryptophan, tryptophan, serotonin and tryptamine, along with two unidentified indole compounds. The venom produces hyperglycaemia in sublethal doses and this has been found to be due to increased adrenaline secretion. The toxic protein of the venom has been obtained in a pure form by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, followed by fractional precipitation with acetone and chromatography over DEAE-Sephadex. The toxic fraction has been found to be homogeneous on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is a glycoprotein (molecular weight 15 000) containing 1.74% glucosamine, 0.87% galactosamine, 0.313% sialic acid, 3.25% fucose and 0.45% of an unidentified neutral sugar. It did not show any enzyme activities, haemolytic activity or inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity but it produced hyperglycaemia in sublethal doses. The toxic level (intravenous administration in rats) was found to be 0.72 mg/kg body weight. PMID- 1111583 TI - The role of mannosylphosphorylpolyisoprenol in glycoprotein biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - A particulate enzyme preparation of Mycobacterium smegmatis catalyzes the transfer of labeled mannose from GDP-[14C] mannose into several endogenous acceptors. In one of these transfer reactions, the radioactivity is incorporated into an insoluble polymeric product that is present at the interphase after extraction of reaction mixture with chloroform-methanol. Solubilization of this product was achieved by digestion with proteolytic enzymes or treatment with 0.1 M NaOH indicating that the material was glycoprotein in nature. The solubilized material obtained after proteolytic digestion followed by treatment with alkali (representing 80-93% of the total interphase product) was shown to consist of a series of small molecular weight [14C] mannose containing oligosaccharides and glycopeptides by Bio-Gel column chromatography. A kinetic study of the enzymatic transfer of [14C] mannose from GDP-[14C] mannose into the glycoprotein suggested that the mannosylphosphorylpolyisoprenols are the obligatory mannosyl donor. PMID- 1111584 TI - Reduced response to phenobarbital by the liver of rats fed a choline-deficient diet. AB - 1. The response of the liver to phenobarbital administration was compared in rats fed either laboratory chow, a semipurified choline-supplemented diet or a semipurified choline-deficient diet. 2. The liver contents of proteins, lipids and cytochrome P-450, as well as the activity of aminopyrine and ethylmorphine demethylases, were measured after 5 days of feeding and five daily injections of phenobarbital. Liver sections were examined electron microscopically. 3. In rats fed the choline-supplemented diet, phenobarbital administration caused increases in cellular constituents, enzyme activities and smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes as great as those seen in rats fed laboratory chow. However, in rats fed the choline-deficient diet, the response of the liver to phenobarbital administration was severely reduced in comparison to that in rats fed the other diets. 4. It is concluded that dietary choline and an adequate synthesis of lecithins are necessary for the induction of microsomal mixed-function oxidases and the concomitant accumulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes. PMID- 1111585 TI - Glycopeptides from the egg jelly coat of the toad Bufo vulgaris. AB - 1. Glycopeptides isolated by exhaustive pronase digestion from the egg jelly coat of toad, Bufo vulgaris, were separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography into two fractions. These fractions each gave a single band when they were subjected to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. The glycopeptides behaved as a kind of "macroglycopeptide" on gel chromatography. 2. The glycopeptide fractions contained as sugar components galactosamine, glucosamine, galactose, fucose and N acetylneuraminic acid. The amino acid composition was characterized by the presence of threonine and serine, which accounted for approximately 70% of the total amino acids. 3. Large amounts of galactosamine, threonine and serine were destroyed by treatment with alkali, indicating that the carbohydrate-peptide linkage in the glycopeptides is mostly an O-glycosidic bond between N acetylgalactosamine and the hydroxy groups of threonine and serine. PMID- 1111586 TI - Localization of nascent NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in rat liver microsomes. AB - Rat liver microsomes incubated with [3H] puromycin in high salt buffer were digested with a mixture of protease, trypsin and chymotrypsin, in both the presence and absence of 1 % deoxycholate. Our observations revealed that the proteolysis of peptidyl puromycin labeled with [3H] puromycin was at least partially protected by the presence of microsomal membrane. Immuno-chemical analyses have further shown that most of the nascent NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in the microsomes was digested with the proteases while serum albumin was effectively protected from the digestion. It is thus proposed that NADPH cytochrome c reductase synthesized on the membrane bound ribosomes is not transported to the vesicular cavity but directly to the outer surface of the microsomal membrane in a form which is accessible to the proteases. PMID- 1111587 TI - The localization of glutamate carboxypeptidase in rat liver lysosomes. PMID- 1111588 TI - On the association of glycolytic enzymes with structural proteins of skeletal muscle. AB - 1. The effects of protein concentration and ionic strength on the adsorption of the individual glycolytic enzymes to F-actin and F-actin--trypomyosin--troponin have been studied. 2. Appreciable association was demonstrated under conditions of physiological ionic strength and high protein concentration, and tropomyosin- troponin established as an important and generalized component of these interactions. 3. Phosphofructokinase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase were strongly bound under these conditions, while triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and hexokinase displayed less adsorption to the structural proteins. 4. The influence of a number of parameters on the adsorption phenomena was examined. Ca2+ and fructose 1,6-diphosphate increased the adsorption of aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase, while decreasing the adsorption of the enzymes of the constant-proportion group. 5. Of the other major enzymic components of skeletal muscle, creatine kinase, adenylate kinase and malate dehydrogenase showed no adsorption to F-actin--tropomyosin--troponin under the experimental conditions. Some adsorption was evident, however, in the case of aspartate aminotransferase, (NADP) isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase. 6. These results have been discussed in relation to their functional significance and the roles of enzyme compartmentation in the cell. PMID- 1111589 TI - Evidence for structural dissociation of two biologic actions of growth hormone. AB - The effects of purified growth hormone and its CNBr fragments on somatomedin induction and on the stimulation of hepatic and renal ornithine decarboxylase (L ornithine carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.17) activity in rats have been investigated. At the doses tested, none of the CNBr fragments induced somatomedin as evidenced by lack of an effect on sulfate, leucine, and thymidine incorporation into cartilage of hypophysectomized rats. However, the largest fragment, consisting of two peptides corresponding to Residues 6-124 and 150-179 linked by a disulfide bridge, stimulated both renal and hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity in hypophysectomized rats and the activity of the hepatic enzyme in intact animals. A smaller CNBr fragment corresponding to Residues 125-149 slightly stimulated the activity of renal ornithine decarboxylase but failed to increase activity of the hepatic enzyme. A similar slight stimulation of the activity of the renal, but not the hepatic, enzyme was produced by a large carboxyl-terminal fragment (molecular weight 8000) prepared by proteolytic cleavage of partially purified ovine growth hormone. Circular dichroic spectra of the CNBr fragments demonstrated that the largest fragment retained much of the ordered secondary structure of intact growth hormone while two smaller CNBr fragments were devoid of ordered secondary structure. These observations indicate that different biological activities of growth hormone may be dissociated by fragmentation of the parent molecule. PMID- 1111590 TI - Correlation between erythromycin and acid phosphatase in mouse liver. AB - 1. Whole liver homogenates obtained from mice 1h after an intraperitoneal injection of erythromycin lactobionate (343 mg/kg, 1/3 LD 50) were fractionated into nuclear (7000 times g min), mitochondrial (33000 times g min) and lysosomr rich (250 000 times g min) fractions. 2. The resulting fractions, as well as the final supernatant, were analyzed for erythromycin, acid phosphatase and protein. 3. The highest relative specific activities (per cent total protein) of erythromycin and of acid phosphatase were exhibited by the lysosome-rich fraction. 4. It was of interest, therefore, to examine the effects of erythromycin upon the free activity of acid phosphatase in soluble form and on its in vitro and in vivo release from liver lysosomes. 5. Concentrations of 1.7 - 10-4 M, 3.4 - 10-4 M, 6.8 - 10-4 M and 13. 6 - 10-4 M of erythromycin lactobionate had no significant effect upon the free activity of acid phosphatase in soluble form but retarded the release of this enzyme from the liver lysosome rich preparation. This effect of erythromycin lactobionate was dose- and time dependent. 6. Treatment of mice with erythromycin lactobionate (343 mg/kg, 1/3 LD 50) iwtraperitoneally for 7 days significantly decreased the unsedimentable acid phosphatase activity expressed as per cent of total activity in whole liver homogenates. This indicated an in vivo diminished release of acid phosphatase from liver lysosomes by erythromycin. 7. Since erythromycin lactobionate is ionisable it could be possible that erythromycin basis as many other cationic molecules accumulates in lysosomes. 8. The in vitro and in vivo diminished release of acid phosphatase may suggest that erythromycin decreases permeability of lysosomal membrane. PMID- 1111591 TI - Citrate formation by rat lung mitochondrial preparations. AB - Rat lung mitochondrial preparations were incubated in the preasence of pyruvate and malate. The principal metabolic products measured were citrate and CO2. Citrate formation from pyruvate was found to be dependent on the presence of malate. Significant citrate was formed in the presence of isocitrate and the rate of citrate formation was increased by the addition of pyruvate. Small amounts of citrate were formed by lung mitochondrial preparations in the presence of 2 oxoglutarate and succinate only after the addition of pyruvate. The level of acetyl-CoA was significantly greater in the presence of pyruvate than in the presence of pyruvate plus malate. The addition of malate to lung mitoochondrial preparations increased 14CO2 production from [2-14C] pyruvate into malate and citrate. A low level of pyruvate-dependent H14CO3-incorporation into acid-stable products was observed, principally citrate and malate, but this rate did not exceed 5% of the rate of net citrate formation in the presence of malate and pyruvate. The capacity of rate lung mitochondria to form oxaloacetate from pyruvate alone in vitro is very limited, and would appear to cast doubt on a major role of pyruvate carboxylase in citrate formation. It is concluded that the rate of citrate formation from pyruvate is limited by the availability of intramitochondrial oxaloacetate and the rate of citrate efflux across the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 1111592 TI - Phosphopeptide and phosphoprotein metabolism in brain. AB - Phosphopeptide and phosphoprotein phosphorylation was studied in rat brain microsomes and rat brain slices which were incubated in the presence of [gamma-32 P] ATP under various experimental conditions. Radioactive phosphoserine was isolated from phosphopeptides and phosphoproteins. Naplus, K+, Mg2+ and cyclic AMP had a stimulating effect on the labelling of phosphopeptides. Ouabain and Ca2+ lowered the level of 32P incorporation into the phosphopeptides. The phosphoproteins behaved similarly to the phosphopeptides except for the potassium effect. Chase experiments showed a faster decrease in the labelling of phosphopeptides than in phosphoproteins. We suggest that both compounds may be involved in active transport phenomena. PMID- 1111593 TI - The phosphorylation region of lysine-rich histone in dividing cells. AB - N-Bromosuccinimide cleavage of in vivo 32P-labelled lysine-rich histone isolated from rapidly dividing cells has been studied. N-Bromosuccinimide cleaves F1 histone into two fragments, a small N-terminal piece and a larger C-terminal portion. The phosphate-induced microheterogeneity and associated radioactivity which has been linked to cell replication, is found in the carboxyterminal fragment, No phosphorous is found associated with the amino-terminal fragment when histone phosphorylation is associated with cell division. The specific tryptic phosphopeptides obtained from in vivo labelled F1 are clearly different from those obtained from in vitro incubations of free F1-histones and cytoplasmic protein kinase. PMID- 1111594 TI - Incorporation and metabolic conversion of cyanocobalamin by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. AB - 1. Cyano [57 Co] cobalamin bound to murine transcobalamin, associates with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Association was found to be dependent on temperature, and to require between 7.2 - 10-5 and 2 - 10-4 M ionized calcium. 2. Association was blocked by vinblastine and colchicine, but not cytochalasin, suggesting that microtubules may be involved in this phenomenon. 3. Although irreversible association of radioactivity with cells was observed within minutes, appearance of significant radioactivity associated with the intracellular B12 binder, and conversion of cyanocobalamin to methyl- and 5'deoxyadenosylcobalamin required more than 18 h of incubation. 4. A pool of free vitamin B12 was found in cell extracts. This was composed of metabolically-active cobalamins characteristic of the interior of the cell, and not of cyanocobalamin recently incorporated. 5. Incorporation of 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 by these cells involves two major processes: a rapid irreversible association of transcobalamin B12 complex following reaction with a presumably calcium-dependent receptor, and a much later entry of vitamin into the cytoplasm to become exposed to enzymes and associated with an intracellular binder. PMID- 1111595 TI - Proline recycling during collagen metabolism as determined by concurrent 18O2-and 3H-labeling. AB - In a previous study where rat skin collagen was labeled with 180 in the hydroxyl group of the collagen hydroxyproline we noticed that the decat rate of this label was much faster than had been observed when the skin collagen hydroxyproline was labeled with oH in the prolyl ring. In this study a ratwas labeled concurrently with [1802] and [3H] proline and the rate of decline of both labels was determined in rat skin collagen hydroxyproline. After correction for growth dilution of the skin collagen the [180] hydroxyproline was found to have a half life of 27 days while the [3H] hydroxyproline had a half-life of 53 days. The decay rate of the [180] hydroxyproline represents the true turnover rate of collagen since there is no possibility of recycling this label. Hence, the difference between this and the [3H] hydroxyproline decay rate is due to recycling of L-[3H] proline into new collagen. The efficiency of recycling of proline from catabolized collagen into new collagen was about 93%. PMID- 1111596 TI - Multi-exponential analysis of plasma free amino acid kinetics in the rat. AB - A multi-exponential analysis has been made of the curve of decreasing specific radioactivity with time after intravenous injection of a mixture of (U-14C) labelled amino acids in rats. The data were shown to accord well with a linear model which was tested using an approximate linear regression method. This confirmed the satisfactory fit of the data to the model. Values for total entry into and of irreversible disposal from plasma were calculated and the extent of external recycling of amino acids obtained by difference. PMID- 1111598 TI - [Evoked automatism (repeated responses) of cat cardiac ventricular fibers]. AB - Repeated responses (RR) of cat papillary muscle fibres have been studied. Threshold current of the occurrence of repeated responses (2t) and saturation current (Is) on the accomodation curve have been determined. Two zones of autooscillations were revealed according to the ratio brage from low levels of the membrane potential (-80 divided by -55 mv). The second RR zone (It is not equal to Is) was activated in more than 70 per cent of preparations in the average from higher levels of the membrane potential (-40 mv and higher). A comparison was carried out between muscle and specialized fibres RR. The experimental data were analysed by the method of phase plane. PMID- 1111597 TI - Synthesis of a fluorogenic mucopolysaccharide by chondrocytes in cell culture with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xyloside. AB - Culture of chondrocytes in the presence of 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xyloside resulted in a synthesis of protein-free, fluorogenic chondroitin sulfate which was heterogeneous on DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Degradation of the major chromatographic fraction with chondroitinase-ABC yielded, in addition to a large quantity of delta4-glucuronic acid-containing disaccharides, two fluorogenic oligosaccharides of different size. Quantitative analysis showed that delta4 glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose, and 4-methylumbelliferone were present in the small oligosaccharide fragment in a molar ratio of 1:2:1:1. Since these analytical data are analogous to those reported for glycopeptides derivedfrom proteochondroitin sulfates, it may be suggested that 4-methyl-umbelliferyl beta-D xyloside replaces the need for xylosyl protein core in the normal synthesis of proteochondroitin sulfate with a resultant production of the unusual polysaccharide bearing the added xyloside at the reducing end. PMID- 1111599 TI - [Uniform polarization of fibers and syncytial structures by extracellular electrodes]. AB - The method is described which enables to measure the voltage-current relations of the membrane of fibres and of syncytial structures by means of the current passed through the extracellular electrodes. The method is based on such a distribution of extracellular resistances that the polarization of the membrane was uniform on a large area. For this purpose the extracellular longitudinal gradient of potential had to increase linearly as a function of distance from one of the edges of the preparation. Such a distribution of potentials was achieved by passing current along the conducting agar-layer, the thickness of which decreased with distance from the edge. The length of the agar-layer where the longitudinal potential gradient increased must be large in comparison with the space constant. It is shown that in the zone where polarization is uniform the density of the current crossing the membrane is proportional to the current passed through the preparation independently on the membrane resistance. The method was applied for measuring the voltage-current relations of the horizontal cell membrane in the fish retina. PMID- 1111600 TI - [Calculation of elementary components of evoked potentials]. AB - The mean electric field in nerve tissue generated by the activation of a single synapsem and all synapses of a single axon are calculated. PMID- 1111601 TI - [Electrical connections between myocardial fibers and genesis of the electrocardiogram]. AB - The ECG genesis was analysed in the light of electric anisotropism of myocardium. The radial dipole P-r of interfiber currents for man's heart is estimated to be 50 mV with cm-2. These currents could be essential in ECG generation. PMID- 1111602 TI - [Study on the Noble model of the synchronization of spontaneously active myocardial cells connected by highly permeable contacts]. AB - Synchronization of two cells differing in sodium permeability has been studied. More frequent contractions of myocardial cells under synchronization described in [3], when the frequency of simultaneous excitation of cells is higher than that of each of them before the contact, can be explained by the electrical properties of the membranes of myocardial cells. PMID- 1111603 TI - [Theory of syncytial tissues. II. open syncytiae]. AB - An infinite opened syncytium besides a common description as an infinite tree may be presented as a periodical structure and as a net with infinite dimensions. The first presentation singificantly simplifies the solution of the problem concerning the inpuf resistence, the second one-that concerning potential distribution. The third one permits an evaluation of asymptotics of the electrical properties of the nets with finite dimensions with the growth of their dimensions. It has been shown that the electrical properties of the opened syncytiae as infinite nets do not differ much from the threedimensional ones, and therefore they can be used as convenient models of real threedimensional tissues for practical calculations. PMID- 1111604 TI - [Role of functional reorganization of the receptive fields in forming a relationship between visual acuity and pupil diameter]. AB - A visual acuity of the human eye with correction is independent of pupil diameter within the 8 mm to 2 mm. The effect of functional reorganization of receptive fields compensate the influence of the change of optical quality of the eye as it is shown with the help of a model. PMID- 1111605 TI - [Reproduction by means of a methematical model of the dynamic characteristics of human vertical posture maintenance]. AB - Some peculiarities of invisible oscillations of man's body during his standing are reproduced using a mathematical model. The stability of the corresponding dynamic system with two delayed feedbacks and its behaviour in response to irregular and regular effects has been investigated. The results are compared with the experimental data. It is suggested that the mathematical model satisfactorily reflects principal peculiarities of the process of equilibrium support of man's body. PMID- 1111606 TI - [Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of biokinematic chains]. AB - The method of mathematical modelling of the dynamics of biokinematic chains based on the application of Lagrange equations is considered. An algorythm of determining articulate moments in the matrix form. As an example of the biokinematic chain a model of man's upper extremity is considered. Correctness of the model and of the system of differential equations describing its dynamics is proved experimentally. PMID- 1111607 TI - [Letter: Temperature dependence of myosin fluorescence]. AB - It was shown that an increase of temperature (from 0 to 37 degrees C) did not affect the maximum position of the myosin fluorescence spectrum and relative contribution of tyrosine to fluorescence intensity. The spectral band width increases to 2-3 nm. The I (t-o) relationship permits us to sugges that the temperature change causes structural changes of myosine molecules. PMID- 1111608 TI - [Semiempirical calculation of the relation of the interaction energy between complementary pairs of nitrogenous bases to nucleic acid conformational parameters]. AB - The calculations of interaction energy between complementary base pairs of nucleic acids in the function of 5 variables determining parameters of double helix (Arnott's parameters) have been carried out by the method of atom-atom potential functions. Four of these parameters are essential in the case of mutual positions of bases corresponding to conformational A-family, and only two parameters (the distance between pairs along helical axis and the angle of rotation around this axis)--in the case of B-family. Positions of the interaction energy minima over each of the essential variables are close to experimentally determined parameters. The interaction energy minima are more pronounced for A family conformations. The positions of minima in this case are determined by dispersion and short range repulsion energy. PMID- 1111609 TI - [Letter: Nature of concentration quenching of luminescence in chlorophyll solutions]. AB - Luminescence yield, absorption spectra and molecular weight dependence of chlorophyll in methylethylketone and n-hexane on concentration was investigated. It was shown that the quenching of luminescence in solutions was determined by the association of pigment molecules. PMID- 1111610 TI - [Letter: Hemoglobin equilibrium with carbon monoxide in conditions of incomplete photodissociation]. AB - Change of human hemoglobin equilibrium with CO was studied during short-term illumination. The change of the saturation curve of Hb is discussed taking into account an increase of free gase concentration in solution accompaniing the photodissociation. PMID- 1111611 TI - [Letter: Study of the interaction of histones F1, F2b, F2a1, F3 with nucleotides by the method of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance]. AB - Interaction of nucleotides with histones F-1, F-2b, F-2a1, F-3 have been studied by NMP method. It has been found that the interaction of nucleotides with histones increase in the line F-1. F-2b, F-3, F-2a1. It is suggested that histone F-1 is bound with the nucleotides mainly by electrostatic forces. Bounding of histones F-2a1 and F-3 with nucleotides is due not only to electrostatic sinteractions but also to more specific bonds of the base ring with protein. PMID- 1111612 TI - [Letter: Change in the amplitude of miniature potentials due to analgesics]. AB - A decrease of the amplitudes of miniature end-plate potentials is observed in the presence of analgesics (promedol, tecodine, estocine). PMID- 1111613 TI - [Letter: Effect of a reversible increase in plasma membrane permeability of plant root cells during deplasmolysis]. AB - The studied effect of a reversible increase of permeability of plasmic membranes of plant root cells does not depend on chemical nature of plasmolys-inducing agents. This effect is conditioned by the process of deplasmolysis itself. It is suggested that the process of reversible depolimerization of the protein component similar to F-action and located in the membrane polar regions. PMID- 1111614 TI - [Letter: Transfer of neutral excitation from photosystem 2 to photosystem 1 in higher plants]. AB - Arguments pro et con the hypothesis about the transfer of neutral excitation between photosystems have been studied qualitatively; experiments which could help to solve this problem are proposed. PMID- 1111615 TI - [Letter: Effect of lipid peroxidation on the permeability of liposome membranes for Ca2+ ions]. AB - Efflux of Ca2+ ions from liposomes after peroxidation of their lipids was studied using fluorescent assay with chlorotetracicline. It was shown that products of lipid peroxidation disturbed the stability of liposome membranes and increased their permeability for Ca2+ ions. PMID- 1111616 TI - [Letter: Analysis of the lateral stability of the protofibril lattice in the a disk of striated muscle]. AB - The stability of a long cylinder system in electrolytic solution is calculated numericaly, suggesting that the equibrium arises from the balance between electrostatic and disperion forces. The influence of such parameters as Hammakker's constant, ionic strength and surface potential are considered. Our results show a much better agreement with X-ray difrecation experimental data, than the results of approximate calculation do. PMID- 1111617 TI - [Letter: Velocity of passive conductance in a branching fiber]. AB - The explicit formula for the conduction velocity of the electrotonic potential in the fiber with infinitely long branches is obtained. PMID- 1111618 TI - [Letter: Work of the impulse section of the horseshoe bat echolocator]. AB - Peculiarities of location impulse of Rhinolophidae bring about a distinctive combination of dopler and impulse parts working almost independently, in its locator. In particular the range of the effect of impulse locator connected with the presence of LFM splash in the end of location cry is determined by the value of the period of its repetition. The existence of a long monofrequent part of locaion impulse providing the work of acholocator dopler part due to its narrow bands presents only a comparatively small obstacle to the impulse locator. PMID- 1111619 TI - [Study of the hydration of nucleic acids (DAN and RNA) and their derivatives by an ultrasonic method]. AB - Adiabatic compressibilty and the values of hydration of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and their derivatives: nucleosides, (cytidine, adenosine, uridine) and adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, ATP) in neutral aqueous solutions at T= 25 degrees C have been calculated from the data of measuring the rate of ultrasound propagation and other parameters. The data obtained well agree with the results of other methods. PMID- 1111620 TI - [Possible structure of myosin filaments in vertebrate striated muscle]. AB - A 3-D molecular packing of the thick filament is proposed, which is based on the results of a study of the geometrical possibilities of packing together molecules of definite size into a helical filament with definite coordinates of cross bridges (heads of molecules). There are 18 molecules in the cross-section of the suggested model of the thick filament, 6 in the inner and 12 in the outer hexagonal layer. The helical line of molecules in the outer layer has a pitch of 12 times 14.3 equals 171.6 nm; the tails of the molecules in the inner layer are parallel to the axis of the filament. As the thin filament has a right screw sense (Depue, Rice. 1965), and our rotatory sliding mechanism of contraction requires certain rotatory contacts between the corss-bridges of both filaments, the molecules in the thick filament should have a left screw sense. PMID- 1111621 TI - [Sorption of water on biopolymers]. AB - NMR-spin echo and dielectric studies of water in biopolymers have been carried out. According to the data on the relationship between the time of spin-spin relaxation, the energy of movement activation and electroconductivity, and moisture-bearing it can be concluded that water sorption on biopolymers of the type of gelatin, starch, cellulose up to a certain humidity value takes place in a vacuum. With an increase of moisture-bearing the process of sorption may be presented as a solution of low-molecular substance in a high-molecular one. PMID- 1111622 TI - [Photochemiluminescence of tryptophan-containing peptides and proteins during photooxidation. V. Effect of cysteine on the photochemiluminescence of glycyltryptophan solutions]. AB - The action of temperature in the range of 10-40 degrees C on the main characteristics of photochemiluminescence in glycyltryptophane solutions at cystein addition is studied. The changes in photochemiluminescence upon cystein addition are connected with reaction of peptide peroxy free radicals with cystein. The rate constant of this reaction appeared to be 4 with 10-7 times exp (-9000 plus or minus 1000/kT) with M-1 sec-1. PMID- 1111623 TI - [Excitation energy transfer between chlorophyll a molecules in detergent solutions]. AB - Chlorophyll-a absorption and luminescence as well as the transfer of electronic excitation energy between chlorophyll-a molecules were studied in micellar solutions of triton X-100 as a function of both chlorophyll-a and detergent concentrations. It is shown that the spectral properties of chlorophyll-a are closely related to the ratio between the concentrations of X-100 and chlorophyll a. Concurrent evaluation of the curves for depolarization and relative quantum yield of fluorescence show that two different mechanisms of energy transfer are involved: energy transfer between monomers of chlorophyll-a, and energy transfer from excited monomers to aggregates of chlorophyll-a. Using the theoretical value for the critical distance of energy transfer (Ro=56-58 A) as well as experimental data from depolarization and fluorescence curves for solutions containing 3-10-3 M triton X-100 we determined the local concentration of chlorophyll-a in the detergent micelles. PMID- 1111624 TI - [Interaction of pancreatic RNAase A with platinum ions]. AB - Complex formation between RNAase and Pt(II) has been studied by gel filtration and conductometry, and spectrophotometry. Existence of three strong binding locations with the binding location of 2 times 10-4 M-1 has been stated. Effect of Pt(II) on hydrolase activity of RNAase Ahas been investigated. An inhibiting effect showed itself at high concentrations of platinum ions. A conclusion has been made concerning the nature of groups participating in complex formation with Pt(II). Modification of three methionin residues does not influence the enzyme activity at 24-48 hour preincubation. PMID- 1111625 TI - [Mechanism of photooxidation of porphyrins with oxygen]. AB - Dependence of quantum yield of porphyrines photooxidation with oxygen on their concentration has been shown. Sensitized by some porphyrines oxidation of other ones with oxygen has been studied in relation to concentration, intensity and wave length of absorbed light, quantum yield, interconversion and life time of the molecules in triplet state. Common mechanism for direct and sensitized photooxidation has been suggested. PMID- 1111626 TI - [X-ray diffraction study of muscles in disease]. AB - Structural parameters of muscles in some diseases have been studied using X-ray diffraction methods. Fixed parts of muscles dissected in the operation correcting the vertebrate shape were used as samples in the case of patients III-IV stage of scoliosis muscles. The sarcomere protofibrillar lattice in muscles was found to be retained until the destruction of the muscle tissue; no differences between the muscles from the convex and concave sides of the vertebrate were observed. This seems to be an evidence of functional inertia of the diseased muscles and of their atrophy. Fixed parts of myocardial muscles taken during surgical correction were used as samples in investigating the Tetralogy of Fallot heart disease in children. A disturbance of packing parameters of the protofibrillar apparatus was observed in a significant part of the apparatus volume. In the case of critical experimental heart deficiency in dogs the protofibrillar lattice structure was retained, probably due to its resistance nature. PMID- 1111627 TI - [Receptor potential fluctuations in a pacinian corpuscle]. AB - On the basis of the model proposed earlier fluctuations of the receptor potential and their dependence on the value of the latter are calculated. It is shown that the model of the corpuscle as a sum of independent mechanosensitive channels with fluctuating conductivity agrees satisfactorily with the experimental data. PMID- 1111628 TI - [Adaptation to darkness and far red light of leaves of higher plants in conditions of oxygen deficiency]. AB - The adaptation process of the leaves of higher plants to dark and far red light under the conditions of oxygen deficiency was investigated. The reaction constant for the oxidation of the electron carrier molecules with oxygen in the dark was obtained and found to be 1.4 with 10-3 M-1 min-1. PMID- 1111629 TI - [Free radical oxidation of biological membrane lipids. IV. iron salts in peroxidation catalysis of linoleic acid]. AB - The validity of Nernst law for oxidative-reductive pair Fe3+:Fe2+ and absence of reproducible potential for pure solution of linoleic acid is shown. The value of Eo is calculated. It is found by comparing ORP values and spectrophotometrically measured concentrations of hydroperoxides that: 1) the rate of accumulation of hydroperoxides is determined by the initial concentration bivalent ferrum salt and seems not to depend on the kinetics of further change of ORP in the system; 2) during oxidation of linoleic acid the stationary concentration of Fe3+:Fe2+=40:1 is established which is independent of the initial concentration of ferrum ions; 3) ORP zone necessary for maximum rate of catalysis of free radical oxidation of linoleic acid in methanol lies in a more positive region than normal ORP of the pair Fe3+:Fe2+. PMID- 1111630 TI - [Temperature dependence of the intensity of long-wave fluorescence of leaves of higher plants]. AB - Continuous change of fluorescnece intensity with the maximum of 735 mu (F735) has been investigated in higher plants leaves at emperature decrease up to that of liquid nitrogen. F 735 remains approximately constant at temperature decrease up to -60degrees C. In temperature range -60divided by -80 degrees C the intensity F 735 increases. This increase proceeds up to-160 degreesC. Such temperature relationship is not changed with the addition of Mg+ ions. Speculations are presented concerning the nature of such relationships. PMID- 1111631 TI - Quantitative description of the sodium conductance of the giant axon of Myxicola in terms of a generalized second-order variable. AB - A variety of experimental observations in Myxicola and other preparations indicate that the sodium conductance, gNa, has properties quite different from those described by the m and h variables of Hodgkin and Huxley. A new quantitative description of the gNa is presented in which the gNa is assumed to be proportional to the fifth power of a generalized second-order variable, i.e., gNa = g'Na times v to the fifth, v = -Kav + K2U = K3, U = K4U + K5v + K6. This model is shown to be able to quantitatively simulate all of the experimentally observed behavior of the gNa. A view of the sodium gate consistent with these kinetics is to imagine it to be composed of five independent subunits, each of the type A eq. B eq. C eq. A where A represents the resting state, B the conducting state, and C the inactivated state. A model in which the subunit is of the type A eq. B eq. C could not simulate the experimental observations. It was concluded that two processes are sufficient to account for all of the behavior of the gNa. PMID- 1111632 TI - On the theory of ionic solutions. AB - One of the purposes of this paper is to assess the degree of applicability of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. In order to do this we compare the thermodynamic properties calculated through this equation with Monte Carlo data on 1-1 and 2-2 electrolytes described by the restricted primitive model, in which the ions are modeled by hard spheres with a coulombic potential and the solvent is modeled as a continuum dielectric medium of uniform dielectric constant epsilon. We choose Monte Carlo data rather than real experimental data since all parameters are completely specified and there is no liberty for "adjustment." Thus this serves as a definitive test. In addition, we present a simple but numerically accurate alternative approximation scheme which is not only numerically superior to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation but avoids the necessity of solving a nonlinear partial differential equation which is approximate in the first place. The new approximation scheme that is presented here is suggested by recent developments in the statistical mechanical theories of ionic solutions which are reviewed in the Introduction. Although these theories themselves yield exceedingly good comparison with experimental (Monte Carlo) data, they involve fairly advanced theoretical and mathematical techniques and do not appear to be readily solvable for other than very simple geometries. The two approximations suggested here require only the solution of the linear Debye-Huckel equation, which has been solved for a variety of systems. These two approximations are simple to apply and yield good thermodynamic properties up to concentrations of 2 M for the restricted primitive model. In addition, they have a sound theoretical foundation and are offered as a substitute for the difficult-to-solve nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. PMID- 1111633 TI - Quenching of excited chlorophyll A in vivo by nitrobenzene. AB - Nitrobenzene exerts a dual effect on the excitation of chlorophyll a(Chl a) in vivo. (a) A 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-inhibited quenching that manifests as a partial inhibition of variable chloroplast fluorescence and of 2,6 dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) photoreduction and saturates at ca. 5-10 muM. Since nitrobenzene is not a Hill oxidant, this effect is attributed to a catalyzed back flow of electrons from intersystem intermediates to pre photosystem II oxidants. (b) A direct quenching of the excited Chl a in vivo. This effect has a threshold of ca. 100 muM nitrobenzene; at higher concentrations it leads to almost complete suppression of chloroplast fluorescence and DCPIP photoreduction. Tris-washed chloroplast enriched in the photosystem II reaction center species Z+Q- and ZQ- are nearly four times more sensitive to nitrobenzene quenching than those enriched in Z+Q. On the other hand, normal chloroplasts are about 10 to the fourth times more sensitive. Hence, it is argued that the extreme sensitivity of normal chloroplast fluorescence is not due to a preferential association of nitrobenzene with a particular redox species of the reaction center. PMID- 1111634 TI - Phase transitions in planar bilayer membranes. AB - Temperature-dependent structural changes in planar bilayer membranes formed from glycerol monooleate (GMO) dispersed in various n-alkane solvents (C12-C17) have been studied using precise measurements of specific geometric capacitance (Cg). Cg generally increases as temperature (T) decreases. A change in the slope of Cg(T) occurs between 15 and 18 degrees C for all solvent systems examined. Measurements of the interfacial tension (gamma) of the bulk GMO-alkane dispersions against 0.1 M NaCl show that gamma generally decreases with decreasing temperature. The data can be fitted with two straight lines of different slope which intersect on the average at 17 degrees C. Pagano et al. (1973, Science (Wash. D.C.). 181:557) have shown using calorimetry that GMO has a phase transition at about 15 degrees C. Thus, the changes in Cg and gamma with temperature are likely to result from a GMO phase transition. A second structural change is observed to occur between 5 and 10 degrees C which has not been detected calorimetrically. Calculations of Cg based on various estimates of the hydrocarbon dielectric coefficient (epsilon-b) and/or hydrocarbon thickness (delta-b) leads to models for the structure of the bilayer above and below the phase transition temperature. PMID- 1111636 TI - [Qualitative features of erythropoiesis in men and animals adapted to prolonged hypoxia]. AB - A three-month adaptation to hypoxia was shown to cause not only a quantitative increase in the erythropoietic bone marrow function, but also its qualitative change. This was indicated by a gradual increase in the proliferative activity of all the cells of the erythroid series, including such young cells as basophilic normoblasts and erythroblasts; an increase in the intensity of DNA synthesis; a cut of the reticulocyte maturation period and of the mean duration of erythrocyte survival in the peripheral blood. It is supposed that the whole vital cycle of erythocytres from the time of their origination in the bone marrow--to their death in the peripheral blood was accelerated. PMID- 1111635 TI - [Responses of the mesenteric microcirculatory bed of rats with experimental renal hypertension to histamine and adrenaline]. AB - Reactions of the blood flow and of the diameter of mesentery arterioles were studied in vivo after the application of histamine (100--500 gamma) and adrenaline (1--10 gamma) in normal rats and in the animals with renal hypertension. A decrease of sensitivity of the microvessels, 10--30 mu in diameter, to the action of these substances was shown in the animals with hypertension. PMID- 1111637 TI - [The effect of loading liver lysosomes with triton WR 1339 on the development of chronic toxic hepatitis]. AB - Preliminary administration of triton WR 1339 produced a favourable effect on the course of chronic toxic hepatitis. This was expressed in a reduction of necrotic zones, a delay in development of connective tissue and in improvement of the functional capacity of the liver. Lysosomes of the liver of animals subjected to the action of CCl-4 under conditions of preliminary administration of a detergent were more stable to the injurious actions in vitro. PMID- 1111638 TI - [Suprasegmentary inhibition and facilitation following administration of tetanus toxin to nuclei of the medulla oblongata (concerning the "starting point" phenomenon)]. AB - Changes in the descending inhibition and facilitation produced by stimulation of the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum after injection of tetanus toxin into the relay-nuclei of the medulla oblongata were studied in experiments on cats under light nembutal-chloralose anesthesia. The toxin was used as an agent distributing the inhibitory processes. Injection of tetanus toxin into the indicated nuclei was followed by increase in the functional dispatch formed in these nuclei. This was manifested in a repeated increase in the descending inhibition (in case of injection of tetanus toxin into the giganto-cellular nucleus) and the descending facilitation (in case of injection of the toxin into the Deiter's nucleus and the ambigus nucleus), a sharp increase in their intensity to the maximum and their marked lengthening. The data obtained are explained on the basis of the concepts of formation of powerful generators of excitation in the complex relay switching connected with disturbance of the inhibitory mechanisms. The results of these investigations extend the "dispatch station" concept as applied to the supraspinal structures. PMID- 1111639 TI - [Inhibition of tetanus poisoning by vitamin B-1]. AB - It was shown in experiments on rabbits that preliminary injections of vitamin B-1 with their continuation after the administration of tetanus toxin increased the animal resistance to tetanus. A more distinct protective effect was noted after the administration of tetanus toxin in vitamin B-1 solution. A tendency to increase of resistance was observed after the use of the vitamin 2 hours after the toxin injection. PMID- 1111640 TI - [Corticofugal influences of somatosensory areas of the cortex on signal transmission in the posterior ventral nucleus]. AB - Acute experiments were conducted in cats under nembutal anesthesia. A study was made of responses in the thalamo-cortical fibers coursing to the first somato sensory area of the cortex to the electric stimulation of the fibers of the medial lemniscus. Application of penicillin to the somato-sensory cortex and development of epileptoid activity considerably diminished the amplitude of the responses in the thalamo-cortical fibers. The first somato-sensory zone proved to be much more effective than the second one. The appearance of the epileptoid activity in the projection cortex considerably diminished the inhibitory process in the posterior ventral nucleus; this was revealed by giving paired stimuli to the medial lemniscus. PMID- 1111641 TI - [The effect of alcohols on mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity]. AB - Effects of alcohols on the activity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) were studied using rat liver mitochondria and highly purified MAO preparations from rat and pig liver. It was shown that benzyl, beta-phenylethyl and octyl alcohols caused a competitive and reversible inhibition of deamination of tyramine, 4 amino- and 4-metoxy-derivatives of beta-phenylethyl amine and practically failed to affect deamination of beta-phenylethyl amine and its 4-chloro-derivative. The inhibitory properties of aliphatic alcohols were exerted only when the carbohydrate chain had the length of five methylene residues. PMID- 1111642 TI - [The blocking action of snake venom polypeptides on the cholinergic mechanisms of leech dorsal muscle]. AB - The blocking action of alpha-polypeptides from the venoms of elapid snakes (Bungarus multicinctus and Naja naja siamensis) was studied on leech dorsal muscle. It was shown that these neurotoxins failed to inhibit the responses to mononitrogen cholinomimetics (acetylcholine, nicotine, carbamylcholine, etc.). The capacity of neurotoxins to inhibit the responses to the bisquaternary cholinommimetics depended upon the length of the molecule. The neurotoxins were active against the "shorter" cholinomimetics, such as decamethonium, and bischolinic esters of malonic, succinic and glutaric acids. The "longer" cholinomimetics (bischolinic esters of adipinic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic acids retained their full activity after the treatment of leech dorsal muscle by neurotoxins. Possible explanations of the selective action of neurotoxins are discussed. PMID- 1111643 TI - [The protective effect of serotonin against the depolarizing influence of aminazine on the membrane potentials of mouse embryos, in vitro, at the 2 blastomere stage]. AB - The action of chlorpromazine, serotonin and prostaglandin F2-alpha on the cellular membrane potential of 2-cell mouse embryos, as well as a protective effect of serotonin and prostaglandin F2-alpha against the inhibition of the membrane potential by chlorpromazine were studied. Chlorporomazine (1.10-5 g/ml) proved to induce a strong decrease of the membrane potential, but serotonin, prostaglandin F2-alpha were ineffective. Serotonin (1.10-4 g/ml) prevented the action of chlorpormazine (2.10-6 g/ml), whereas prostaglandin F2-alpha (4-8.10-6 g/ml) was ineffective in this respect. PMID- 1111644 TI - [The ultrastructural immunomorphology of antibody synthesis]. AB - Antibody genesis in the lymphoid cells of C3HA mice was studied using horse radish peroxidase as an antigen. The zones of synthesis and concentration of antibodies within the immune competent cells were primarily the perinuclear space and the tubules of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Less activity of the reaction was exhibited by the lamellar component of the Golgi apparatus and on the polyribosomes. PMID- 1111645 TI - [The effect of stimulators of immunoglobulin biosynthesis on the phenomenon of lymphocyte transformation by macrophages]. AB - The effect of pyrogenal and of the adjuvant of Freund's type on transformation of blood lymphocytes into macrophagal cells was studied. Experiments were conducted on rabbits with the use of the method of lymphocyte culture in vitro. These stimulants of immunogenesis increased the intensity of the process of lymphocyte transformation in a culture. It was also noted that action of pyrogenal and of complete adjuvant of Freund's type was expressed as soon as the first day after the administration. As supposed, there existed an interrelationship between the capacity of lymphocytes to transform into cells of macrophagal type and formation of immunological response of the organism. PMID- 1111646 TI - [Electrophysiologic characteristics of fibers of the eyebrow-ear muscle of rabbits]. AB - By intracellular leading off of potentials a study was made of an electrophysiological characteristics of the fibers of the eyebrow-auricular muscle in rabbits anesthetized with urethane. The muscle fibers were stimulated by current impacts, 5 msec in duration with the frequency of 5 pulse/sec. Membrane rest potentials, amplitudes of action potentials, duration of action potentials and latent periods had mean values typical of the muscle fibers of phasic type. A conclusion was drawn that the fibers of the muscle under study were homogenous and belonged to the phasic type. PMID- 1111647 TI - [The proliferative activity of regenerating skin in chronic hypoxia]. PMID- 1111648 TI - [Ultraviolet and visible chemoluminescence of mouse liver under different thermal regimens]. AB - It was shown that following a 10-minute maintenance in the exposed liver of a temperature of 30 degrees C, subsequent chilling (by 5 degrees C) led to degradational radiation of both the visible and the UV part of the spectrum. The presence of UV item is explained by a greater energy level of unbalanced molecular constellations in the cell substrate at 30 degrees C in comparison with the action in the previous experiments, in which only a visible component was registered after cooling. A greater metabolic level at 30 degrees C was also indicated by the curves of changes in the rectal temperature at various thermal regimens. PMID- 1111649 TI - [An electron-autoradiographic study of RNA transfer from nucleus to cytoplasm]. AB - By electron-autoradiographic study of the RNA synthesis in the hepatocytes of mice there were revealed marked differences in the content of labeled RNA in the nucleoli of the same nucleus. The silver granule concentration was sometimes greater in the areas of the cytoplasm located near the nuclear membrane with the neighbouring nucleolus than in the rest of the cytoplasm. It is supposed that the nucleoli of the same nucleus synthesized the RNA at a different time, transfered it to the nuclear membrane and discharged the RNA into the cytoplasm also at a different time. Due to this the discharge of the RNA into the cytoplasm assumed a definite rhythm. The number of nucleoli and the frequency of discharge of the RNA portions into the cytoplasm can increase under pathological conditions. PMID- 1111650 TI - [A miniature transducer for recording pressure and its primary derivative in the ventricles of the heart]. PMID- 1111651 TI - [Isolation of rat liver peroxisomes using a procedure involving hypotonic treatment]. PMID- 1111652 TI - [Assessment of the functional state of cells and tissues by their ability to free themselves from substances foreign to them]. PMID- 1111653 TI - [Cerebrovascular response in newborns]. AB - It was shown by the plethysmographic method that, in contrast to adult animals, in the newborn rats the blood vessels of the cerebral hemispheres and of diencephalon while displaying a distinct response to oxygen, failed to react to carbon dioxide, the latter being attributed to the low carbonic anhydrase activity in the tissues of these portions of the brain. PMID- 1111654 TI - [Obtaining distinct images of biological forms with the raster electron microscope]. AB - Not only fixation of material, but also conditions of studying it in the raster electron microscope influence the quality of the image. In case the carbon or the heavy metal layer is thin there is danger during rapid scanning of charging the sample by the electron beam, the quality of the image thus becoming worse. It is best to study the biological samples at the two nominals of the accelerating voltage (for example, 10 and 4 kV); this permits to avoid mistakes in interpretation of the results. Neither the thickness of the carbon or the heavy metal layer not the different nominals of the accelerating voltage could influence the value of the information obtained if analysis with consideration to the physical basis of the image formation and experimental conditions were conducted in each individual case. The archives material fixated in common formalin can be used for the study in the raster electron microscope. PMID- 1111655 TI - [Blood coagulation in man during a 3-week daily rg L(+)-ASCORBIC ACID ADMINISTRATION]. AB - A daily dose of 4 g L (+) ascorbic acid administered for 3 weeks showed no significant influence on coagulation of venous blood, as determined by thromboelastography. The investigation was carried out on 11 healthy men aged from 25 to 45 with no history of abnormal blood clotting. The mean values of 7 different coagulation parameters are given, the differences in these parameters in individual subjects (before and after administration of ascorbic acid) being checked for significance by means of the Wilcoxon test for pair differences. The values found are comparable with those in the literature. PMID- 1111656 TI - [Polymorphism of human erythrocyte-uridyltransferase (E.C.2.7.7.12). Studies on a sample of Berlin population]. AB - In a random population sample in Berlin (West) the following Ut-frequencies were found: Ut1 0.938; Ut2 0.062. This is consistent with other results obtained in German populations. PMID- 1111657 TI - [Letter: Standardization of the Quick test. Reference thromboplastins or reference plasmas?]. PMID- 1111658 TI - Evidence of platelet complement-fixing and lymphocytotoxic anti-A-1 antibodies. AB - 3 human antisera exhibiting non HL-A specific antibody were studied in micro complement fixation with platelets and micro-lymphocytotoxicity. Screening studies as well as absorption and elution studies with platelets, lymphocytes and erythrocytes revealed an antibody activity associated with blood group A-1. Within blood group A-1, a subpopulation of A-1 donor cells- provisionally called "weak A-1" - was defined, which had a minor ability for complement-fixing and lymphocytotoxic A-1-antibody absorption. Contrary to HL-A specific antibodies, acid eluates from platelets of these 3 sera were always negative whereas heat and ether eluates gave positive results. From neutralization studies and studies on the hemolytic activity against A-1 erythrocytes it was concluded, that the A-1 specific antibodies probably are immune antibodies belonging to the IgG class of immunoglobulins. PMID- 1111659 TI - [Possible errors in leukocyte count caused by carryover in the Coulter counter S]. AB - In 163 samples of venous blood with significant leukocytosis (20 000 to 172000 cells pro mm-3) a carryover of 400 to 22000 leukocytes up to the third count of the following specimens (200 to 9300 cells/mm-3) could be observed. Even after 41 specimens of normal leukocyte range and low leukocytosis (6700 to 17700 cells/mm 3) in cases of extreme leukopenias (less than 2000 cells/mm-3) the correct result was exceeded by 500 to 1000 cells. In four additional machines of other laboratories a carryover of different extent could be reproduced. In comparison to samples of venous blood only a very small carryover into subsequent samples of isotonic solution was found. The considerable spreading of the coefficient of variation between 1.7 and 16.2% (arithmetic mean 7.1%) prohibited a mathematical correction of error. Erroneously too high numbers of leukocytes could be absolutely avoided by at least two repeated counts. PMID- 1111660 TI - An alternative method of large scale plasma fractionation for the isolation of serum albumin. AB - Human plasma may be separated into five fractions using the method described by Cohn in 1946. Although there are several drawbacks to alcohol precipitation, especially in albumin isolation, it is still used throughout the world. This paper describes an alternative procedure for albumin isolation from plasma or albumin-containing plasma fractions using a combined heat fraction/polyethylene glycol precipitation method. No polyethylene glycol is detected in the final product which is immunoelectrophoretically 100% pure, salt poor, heat resistant during pasteurization, and stable during long-term room temperature storage. The yield is at least 90% of the original plasma albumin. In comparison with the Cohn method, fractionation time and expense are significantly reduced. PMID- 1111661 TI - [Hepatitis B antigen determination in blood donors]. PMID- 1111663 TI - What splits in "splitting"? A scrutiny of the concept of splitting in psychoanalysis and psychiatry. PMID- 1111662 TI - Platelet adhesiveness and aggregation in congenital afibrinogenemia. An investigation of three patients with post-transfusion, cross-correction studies between two of them. AB - Platelet adhesiveness and aggregation were studied in three patients with congenital afibrinogenemia. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: The retention of platelets to a glass-bead filter determined with the Salzman method was significantly decreased; it was normal after fibrinogen infusion. With a modification of the Hellem test the values obtained were slightly decreased. Adrenalin-induced aggregation was absent whereas ADP-and collagen-induced aggregation was near normal or slightly decreased. Thrombofax aggregation was absent in citrated plasma. The abnormalities of platelet aggregation were corrected after fibrinogen infusion or after addition in vitro of fibrinogen, hemofilia A plasma and PPP obtained from an afibrinogenemic patient after fibrinogen infusion. The abnormalities of platelet aggregation were corrected well by ADP, collagen and Thrombofax in heparinized blood, but only a slight correction of adrenalin-induced aggregation was noted. Thrombin aggregation proved to be normal with the higher concentrations, whereas it was defective with the lower ones. Ristocetin aggregation was normal in citrated plasma at the concentration of 1.5 mg per ml but it was absent at the lower concentration (1.0 mg per ml). Ristocetin aggregation was, on the other hand absent in heparinized blood regardless of the concentration. These findings are in agreement with the presence of a prolonged bleeding time in congenital afibrinogenemia and suggest that fibrinogen plays an important role in platelet aggregation and adhesiveness. PMID- 1111664 TI - Dependency versus autonomy: the group conference method applied to an organizational problem. PMID- 1111665 TI - Therapeutic intervention by activity therapists. PMID- 1111666 TI - Activity therapists' participation in the psychiatric case study. PMID- 1111667 TI - Art therapy with a schizophrenic patient. PMID- 1111668 TI - The response of the lower oesophageal sphincter to maximal doses of pentagastrin. AB - Measurements of the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and gastric secretion were made in patients with dyspepsia but no reflux and in patients with a hiatus hernia and reflux in response to a near maximal dose of pentagastrin. Patients with hiatus hernia had lower resting sphincter pressures than those with dyspepsia. The magnitude of the pressure rise following pentagastrin was related to the resting tone of the sphincter. However, in terms of percentage increase over resting sphincteric pressure, patients with dyspepsia and patients with a hiatus hernia had similar response. PMID- 1111669 TI - Relationship between changes in plasma gastrin and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure after meals. AB - Changes in plasma gastrin and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure were measured in 20 subjects after a standard protein meal. Significant increases in both gastrin and sphincter pressure were seen. Peak gastrin response occurred an average of 19-5 minutes and peak lower oesophageal sphincter response 40-0 minutes after the meal. Both gastrin and sphincter pressure showed a wide spectrum of response. In 5 subjects there was no appreciable rise (less than 5 pg/ml) in plasma gastrin after the meal, and 3 of these had symptoms of oesophageal reflux. In this group there was only a small but nervertheless significant rise in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (mean pressure rise 18-0 per cent of fasting value, p less than 0.05). Greater increases in sphincter pressure (mean rise 54-2 per cent, p less than 0.005) were seen in subjects with a moderate (up to 50 pg/ml) rise in plasma gastrin, and those with the most marked gastrin response (less than 50 pg/ml) showed the greatest rise in pressure (mean rise 80-3 per cent, p less than 0.0025). These results suggest that endogenous plasma gastrin is the main stimulus to the rise in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure after food. Subjects with a poor gastrin response to the meal have only a small increase in sphincter pressure and as a result may be more liable to develop gastro-oesophageal reflux. PMID- 1111670 TI - A survey of the results of the Boerema anterior gastropexy for hiatus hernia over a 4-year period. AB - The results obtained by using the Boerema anterior gastropexy for symptomatic hiatus hernia over a 4-year period are reviewed. All 68 patients were operated upon by the same surgeon. The success rate as judged by relief of the patient's symptoms was 90 per cent. It is felt that the operation has advantages such as to justify its wider use. PMID- 1111671 TI - Atrophic gastritis in gastrectomy specimens. AB - Examination of gastrectomy specimens has shown that atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are widespread and have the same distribution in cancer of the stomach as in gastric ulcer affecting the body. Their distribution is restricted to the distal part of the stomach in pyloric ulcer. After gastrojejunostomy the distribution is also like that seen in cancer. There is a close association of widespread atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia with the development of cancer and a high cancer rate after stomach operation for benign conditions. The similarity of distribution of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia in the stomach with body ulcer to that in cancer and after gastrojejunostomy points to a higher cancer risk in the stomach containing a body ulcer. PMID- 1111672 TI - A clinicopathological review of 68 carcinomas of the gallbladder. AB - A clinical and pathological review of 68 patients with a primary carcinoma of the gallbladder was undertaken. A prolonged preceding history of biliary disease was noted. Preoperative radiological and biochemical investigations were not helpful, but an isolated elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase level in the absence of any biliary obstruction or hepatic dysfunction was noticed in some patients. The significance of stones in relation to pathogenesis is discussed. A more radical surgical approach involving a partial hepatectomy appears to be the only possible treatement in veiw of the mode of spread of this tumour and the bad overall prognosis. PMID- 1111673 TI - The natural and unnatural history of pancreatic pseudocysts. AB - Experience with 131 pseudocysts of the pancreas in 112 patients has been analysed with a view to answering specific questions. Spontaneous regression was documented in 8 per cent. Complications occurred in 33-5 per cent of the pseudocysts, including obstruction of adjacent organs, rupture, haemorrhage and pancreatic ascites. In 14 pseudocysts, rupture into the gastrointestinal tract, the peritoneal cavity or the pleural cavity when unassociated with haemorrhage, had a mortality rate of 14 per cent. Sixteen patients with significant haemorrhage associated with a pseudocyst had a mortality rate of 61 per cent; early direct surgical control is advocated. Pancreatic ascites was associated with 14-5 per cent of the pseudocysts and had a 40 per cent recurrence rate, which can be greatly diminished when operative procedures are guided by pancreatography. The mortality rate for the surgical treatment of 97 uncomplicated pseudocysts was 6 per cent and the recurrence rate was 11 per cent. The prime cause of death was haemorrhage. Seven of the 131 pseudocysts were synchronous and 12 were metachronous. The actual figure is probably higher. Small cysts of the head of the pancreas, impalpable at operation but demonstrable by pancreatography, may be the cause of severe, continuing or recurrent symptoms. PMID- 1111675 TI - Torsion of the testis: a review of 22 cases. Improved diagnosis and earlier correction. AB - Greater awareness of the possibility of torsion of the testis and earlier exploration has led to the saving of 14 out of 19 acutely twisted testicles. PMID- 1111674 TI - The occult osteomatous changes in the mandible in patients with familial polyposis coli. AB - Characteristic radio-opaque lesions were detected in the manibular bone, most clearly on the panoramic X-ray, in 27 or 93-2 per cent out of 29 cases in 15 families with familial polyposis coli, including 21 cases without Gardner's stigmata, 7 cases with the incomplete syndrome and 1 with the complete syndrome. Only 3 out of 19 members of these families who were free from polposis had radio opaque jaw lesions. The cases with polyposis of other types also showed a negative result. The radiological diagnosis suggested that the lesions were of the character of endosteoma. Our observation is considered to be significant evidence in the understanding of the pathogenesis of Gardner's syndrome as well as a useful method of the early detection of carriers in the polyposis family. PMID- 1111676 TI - Fatal cardiac tamponade and other mechanical complications of central venous catheters. AB - A fatal cardiac tamponade caused by an intact polyethylene central venous catheter perforating the wall of the right ventricle is reported. A retrospective review of 105 central venous catheters used in an intensive care unit revealed a high incidence of catheter malposition and a 20 per cent mechanical complication rate. The possible causes of these malpositions and complications are discussed. Guidelines for the safer use of central venous catheters are presented. PMID- 1111677 TI - The relationship between ultrasound assessment and angiography in occlusive arterial disease of the lower limb. AB - The Doppler ultrasound technique has been used to assess the haemodynamics of the peripheral circulation in patients with arterial disease. Using this method the resting pressure index and the response after exercise of the systolic pressure at the ankle was determined in 62 limbs. Following exercise, four patterns of abnormal response to exercise were found and graded in severity from 1 to 4. A single aorto-iliac lesion was associated with a normal or slightly reduced resting pressure index but with a severe reduction of pressure (grade 3-4) after exercise. A single femoropopliteal lesion was usually associated with a low resting pressure index but only a slight (grade 1-2) fall after exercise. A low resting pressure index and a severe postexercise grade were found in patients with multiple occlusions. Disease of the profunda femoris artery was associated usually with both a low resting pressure index and a grade 3-4 post-exercise curve. PMID- 1111678 TI - Secondary involvement of the penis by rectal cancer. AB - Two cases of metastasis to the penis from a primary rectal carcinoma are described. The clinical features, treatment and prognosis together with the probable modes of metastasis are discussed. All previously reported cases of penile metastasis from the rectum are reviewed. It is suggested that contrary to previous reports that prognosis is not uniformly poor and hence a more aggressive attitude to treatment should be adopted. Metastatic lesions in the penis should also be considered as a cause of urinary obstruction following abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. PMID- 1111679 TI - Idiopathic paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in infants and children. AB - Seven children with idiopathic PVT ranging in age from one day to 18 yr, have been observed during the past three years. The presenting complaints and frequency of paroxysms varied greatly. Three patients presented with syncope; four were asymptomatic. Lidocaine was effective in terminating acute symptomatic attacks; procaine amide and propranolol were effective in long-term control of the arrhythmia. Monitoring of the dynamic ECG was invaluable in establishing the diagnosis, characterizing the arrhythmia, and evaluating the effects of activity and therapy. PMID- 1111680 TI - Operative repair of atrial septal defect without cardiac catheterization. AB - Thirty-three children with secundum or sinus venosus atrial septal defects underwent operative correction at the University of Minnesota Hospitals between January, 1972, and December, 1973. Nineteen of these patients (58%) did not have cardiac catheterization as part of their preoperative evaluation, since clinical assessment of the child, with or without corroborative evidence obtained by echocardiography and radionuclide angiocardiography, provided sufficient information to permit recommendation of operation. In the majority of patients with uncomplicated atrial septal defect, cardiac catheterization is not a necessary part of the preoperative evaluation and may be reserved for those patients with unusual clinical or laboratory features. PMID- 1111681 TI - Iron-deficiency anemia: evaluation of compensatory changes. AB - Compensatory mechanisms in children with iron-deficiency anemia were evaluated by measuring erythrocytic organic phosphates and, in some cases, shifts in the P50 of the oxygen dissociation curve. In 19 children with nutritional anemia (hemoglobin values of 3.2 to 8.2 gm/dl) there was a calculated improved oxygen delivery to tissues equivalent to a hemoglobin level of at least 7.5 gm/dl. Transient decompensation was observed during acidosis. In five children with iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss and in one child with rheumatoid arthritis no such compensatory changes were observed. PMID- 1111682 TI - Erythropoietin excretion in the premature infant. AB - Urinary erythropoietin was determined sequentially in four premature infants throughout their period of physiologic anemia. After the first day of life, no erythropoietin was found, even though there was a marked fall in hematocrit. Among seven premature infants with severe respiratory disease, three excreted elevated amounts of erythropoietin. Premature infants appear able to respond to hypoxia by increasing erythropoietin production. In the absence of hypoxia, however, diminution of erythropoiesis in the early weeks of life is not accompanied by elevated excretion of erythropoietin. PMID- 1111683 TI - The relationship of concentrations of serum hormones to pubertal gynecomastia. AB - Pubertal gynecomastia occurred in 20 to 29 boys who were followed for 24 or more months during puberty. Mean concentrations of LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, and estrone and estradiol were compared. Although levels did not differ between boys who developed gynecomastia and those who did not, when compared with the stage of puberty, changes were noted between mean concentrations from samples before and when gynecomastia was first noted. A significant increase of estradiol occurred with the onset of gynecomastia, while testosterone levels did not change; thus the testosterone-estradiol ratio decreased. Prolactin concentrations fell significantly with the onset of gynecomastia. These data indicate a difference of hormonal dynamics between boys with and without gynecomastia. PMID- 1111684 TI - Copper infusion therapy in trichopoliodystrophy. AB - The effect of repeated intravenous infusions of cupric salts was studied in two patients (cousins) with trichopoliodystrophy identified at the ages of 3 days and 2 and-one-half mo, respectively. The intravenous doses of copper were gradually increased and normal or near-normal serum values were achieved after 150 mug/Cu2+/kg were administered daily for 5 days. At that time the hepatic concentration of copper in the two patients increased from 14 to 38 mug/gm of dry weight from 7 to 45 mug/gm of dry weight, respectively, and the muscle homogenate exhibited the capacity to oxidize pyruvate-3-14C. Continued infusions of cupric salts in doses of 190-220 mug/kg/day once or twice weekly were necessary to maintain elevated hepatic and serum concentrations of copper. At 6 mo of age the younger infant had reached a functioning level of 4 mo. The older infant demonstrated progressive loss of neurologic functions and died at 15 mo of age. These observations suggest that the neurologic and biochemical dysfunctions of trichopoliodystrophy may be altered by infusion of cupric salts early in the course of the disease. PMID- 1111685 TI - Intermittent hyperphosphatemia, polyuria, and seizures--a new familial disorder. PMID- 1111686 TI - Tuberculous arachnoiditis. PMID- 1111687 TI - The LaBrosse VMA spot test revisited. AB - The LaBrosse spot test, in our experience, is not very useful as a screening procedure since the majority of specimens give an intermediate reaction, representing a heterogeneous group which may include many patients with abnormal 24-hour VMA excretion. The test is helpful only if either "positive" or "negative" in the individual patient who presents symptoms or signs compatible with abnormal catecholamine excretion. It is also of value in following patients with catecholamine-secreting tumors. The clinician should be aware of the limitations of VMA screening tests as they exist to date, and should assure himself, as well, that a specific quantitative assay is used to confirm doubtful or positive screening test results. PMID- 1111688 TI - Comment on the LaBrosse VMA spot test. PMID- 1111689 TI - Priapism in association with sickle hemoglobinopathies in children. PMID- 1111690 TI - Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome: a case with cardiac anomaly. PMID- 1111691 TI - Acute hemolytic anemia as a presenting manifestation of Wilson disease. PMID- 1111692 TI - Acute infantile hemiplegia with cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilic pleocytosis: an unusual case of visceral larva migrans. PMID- 1111693 TI - Leukocyte count differences in healthy white and black children 1 to 5 years of age. AB - A group of 150 healthy American black children were found to have neutrophil counts significantly lower than those of a similar group of healthy American white children. Absolute lymphocyte counts were similar in the black and white children. The lower neutrophil counts in black children may represent a genetic or hitherto unidentified acquired differences. PMID- 1111694 TI - Incidence of malignant tumors in U. S. children. PMID- 1111695 TI - DNA polymerase activity in normal and malnourished rat placentas. AB - DNA polymerase activity has been measured in placentas of normal and protein restricted rats and correlated with the mean percent daily increase in DNA. During normal placental growth, increases in DNA fell rapidly from 13 to 19 days and polymerase activity using denatured DNA template showed a similar pattern falling from values of 10,000 mumu mols dAMP incorporated per mg DNA at 12 days of gestation to 3,100 at 19 days. Protein restriction during gestation reduced placental DNA content after 14 days; by 19 days the DNA content was 81% of normal. The increase in DNA between 13 and 19 days in placentas of malnourished animals paralleled the normal but was significantly lower. Malnutrition markedly reduced enzyme activity at 12, 14, and 16 days; at 19 days, when DNA synthesis has normally ceased, values of DNA polymerase were not different in control and malnourished placentas. Thus DNA polymerase activity using denatured DNA as template, as measured in vitro, was an index of proliferative cell growth in both normal and malnourished placentas. Furthermore, the decrease in enzyme activity in malnourished samples preceded by at least two days any measurable decrease in total placenta DNA content. It is suggested that future clinical application of this technique may provide an index of nutritional status in "at risk" pregnancies. PMID- 1111696 TI - Iron intake and transferrin saturation in adolescents. AB - The relationship of maturity, age, race, sex and income level to dietary intake and body stores of iron, as indicated by percent of transferrin saturation, was studied in healthy adolescents. Maturity rating, sex, and race were significant. Level of family income was not a significant factor. Both boys and girls increase the intake of iron as they mature, boys more than girls, and white adolescents slightly more than their black counterparts. Range of intakes was large, and there was no significant correlation between quantity of dietary iron and the percent of transferrin saturation. Norms for dietary intake of iron and percent of transferrin saturation, based on sex, race, and maturity, are presented for use by physicians and nutritionists. PMID- 1111697 TI - "End of an epidemic?". PMID- 1111698 TI - Absorption of digoxin in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - The absorption of digoxin in cystic fibrosis was evaluated in 16 subjects by assessing the relationship between dosage expressed in mug/kg/day and serum digoxin concentration. The results indicate that the same relationship exists between maintenance dosage and serum levels in these patients and in patients without cystic fibrosis. Thus, no evidence of impaired absorption was found. PMID- 1111699 TI - Letter: Coagulase negative staphylococcal bacteriuria--a rarity in infants and children. PMID- 1111700 TI - Letter: Septic arthritis due to Moraxella species. PMID- 1111702 TI - Letter: Love and the overindulgence syndrome. PMID- 1111701 TI - Letter: Elevated amniotic fluid concentration of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 1111703 TI - Letter: Effects of triple dye in a staphylococcal outbreak. PMID- 1111704 TI - Letter: Clinical features of mannosidosis. PMID- 1111705 TI - Letter: Misuse of acronyms and the VATER association. PMID- 1111706 TI - Letter: Neuropathy with lead poisoning and sickle cell anemia. PMID- 1111707 TI - Letter: Warning about using cephalothin with central nervous system infections. PMID- 1111708 TI - The preoperative cardiac catheterization and angiocardiogram. PMID- 1111709 TI - Editorial: Secondary syphilis and hepatitis. PMID- 1111711 TI - Editorial: Vision and driving. PMID- 1111710 TI - Editorial: Gastrin heterogeneity. PMID- 1111712 TI - Editorial: Neonatal nurse practitioners. PMID- 1111713 TI - Editorial: Protecting her flanks. PMID- 1111714 TI - Role of lymphography in carcinoma of the prostate. AB - The results of bilateral pedal lymphography in 83 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland are presented. The patients were divided into two groups: 45 new cases and 38 late or old cases presenting several years after the onset of the disease. Altogether 25 of the new patients and 29 of the late patients had lymphographic evidence of lymph node metastases. The lymphogram results in relation to local tumour size, histological grade, the presence of skeletal metastases, and acid phosphatase levels are discussed. Of the new patients with T1 and T2 tumors--that is, those still localized within the prostatic capsule- 41% had positive lymphograms. The inaccuracy of acid phosphatase estimations in detecting early extraprostatic spread is shown and compared with the greater accuracy of lymphography. Lymphography should be used as an initial investigation in all cases where aggressive therapy is being considered, and the importance of regular follow-up radiographs is emphasized. PMID- 1111715 TI - Effect of maximal respiratory manoeuvres on bronchial sensitivity of asthmatic patients as compared to normal people. AB - Cumulative dose-response curves to carbachol given by aerosol were established using plethysmographic measurements of specific airways resistance (SRaw) in 10 patients with asthma and five healthy subjects. Two experiments were performed--a control test and one in which maximal respiratory manoeuvres (MRM) (two maximal inspirations and two maximal expirations) were made before each carbachol inhalation. MRM did not modify the dose-response curves in the normal subjects. In the patients these manoeuvres enhanced the bronchoconstrictor effect of carbachol: curves were shifted to the left and the mean dose of carbachol producing a twofold increase in initial SRaw was decreased from 0.373 mg to 0.189 mg (P less than 0.001). Bronchial provocation tests using methods which require MRM--for example, forced expiratory volume at one second--could overestimate the bronchial sensitivity of patients with asthma. PMID- 1111716 TI - Haemolysis complicating viral hepatitis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Out of 20 patients with viral hepatitis whose glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) levels were normal, 14 had clinical evidence of a mild to moderate degree of haemolysis but in all the patients studied the half life of chromium-51 labelled red cells was shortened. Out of 18 viral hepatitis patients deficient in G-6-PD 17 had clinical evidence of haemolysis, and in eight this was more severe than in the group with normal G-6-PD values. Massive intravascular haemolysis occurred in four, three of whom died. The massive haemolysis was attributed to the presence of additional drug-induced oxidative stress to the G-6-PD-deficient red cells. PMID- 1111717 TI - Frusemide-induced pancreatitis. PMID- 1111718 TI - Use by general practitioners of obstetric beds in a consultant unit: a further report. AB - Of 1,700 women booked for delivery by general practitioner obstetricians in a consultant unit, 1,399 had uncomplicated deliveries and the co-operation between practitioner and consultant was an obvious advantage for the 257 who were transferred completely to consultant care during pregnancy, labour, or puerperium. The scheme, which started in 1964, has enabled general practitioners to continue to give complete obstetric care to their patients. The number of participating practitioners has, however, declined from 80 to 16 indicating that many preferred to concentrate on antenatal work. PMID- 1111719 TI - Letter: Polio vaccination for travellers. PMID- 1111720 TI - Letter: Quality evaluation in histopathology. PMID- 1111721 TI - Letter: Disclosure of medical records. PMID- 1111722 TI - Letter: Retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 1111723 TI - Letter: Diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 1111724 TI - Letter: Duration of action of practolol. PMID- 1111725 TI - Letter: Drug combinations for anaesthesia. PMID- 1111726 TI - Letter: Epanutin and isoniazid interaction. PMID- 1111727 TI - Letter: Oats and coeliac disease. PMID- 1111728 TI - Letter: Thrombolytic therapy in haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. PMID- 1111729 TI - Letter: Strike action in hospitals. PMID- 1111730 TI - Letter: Interim pay review. PMID- 1111731 TI - Examination of the Distinctive Awards System. AB - When they stopped secrecy, the consultants of an internationally-famous postgraduate teaching centre in psychiatry--not a designated teaching hospital- discovered that they had one-tenth the national average of distinction awards. Subsequent investigation of the whole system suggests that this is not an isolated case. Moreover, official figures are scanty and misleading. This paper explores the difficulties in understanding, investigating, and influencing the system. The composition of the committees involved, the de facto quota system, the method of collecting information, and the convention of secrecy are examined and critized. PMID- 1111732 TI - Editorial: Sphincter preservation in carcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 1111733 TI - Editorial: Insecticides and cancer. PMID- 1111734 TI - Editorial: Calcium, magnesium, and diuretics. PMID- 1111735 TI - Editorial: Keeping rabies out. PMID- 1111736 TI - Editorial: Victims of rape. PMID- 1111737 TI - Editorial: After a bomb. PMID- 1111738 TI - Editorial: Lassa fever. PMID- 1111739 TI - Editorial: Back from the brink. PMID- 1111740 TI - Role of taurocholic acid in production of gastric mucosal damage after ingestion of aspirin. AB - The possibility that aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage may occur more readily in the presence of bile has been studied in man using measurement of transmucosal electrical potential difference as a marker of disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier. After the introduction of acetylsalicylic acid (600 mg) in suspension to seven subjects the mean electrical potential difference (plus or minus S.E. of mean) fell significantly from -33-3 plus or minus 2-0 mV to - 17-1 plus or minus 2-1 mV, and after the introduction of taurocholic acid (5 mmol/1) to seven other subjects the electrical potential difference fell significantly from -38-1 plus or minus 3-0 mV to-19-1 plus or minus 3-4 mV, the mean duration of these changes being 14-4 and 17-5 minutes respectively. When a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and taurocholic acid was introduced to eight subjects the mean electrical potential difference also fell significantly from -38-6 plus or minus 1-8 mV to -17-9 plus or minus 1-8 mV, but mean duration of this change (27 minutes) was significantly longer than that found after acetylsalicylic acid or taurocholic acid alone. These results indicate that the ingestion of aspirin, together with coincidental reflux of bile from duodenum, may be a factor in the pathogenesis of aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage. PMID- 1111741 TI - The HL-A system in asbestos workers. AB - In a study of the HL-A system in 56 selected asbestos workers referred to the Pneumoconiosis Medical Panel with definite or suspected asbestosis, the W 27 antigen was found more often than among a control population. Six of the 10 asbestos workers with the W 27 antigen had definite radiographic evidence of asbestosis compared to 13 out of 46 without the W 27 antigen. These observations, if confirmed, suggest that the W 27 antigen may provide a useful marker of an enhanced susceptibility to the tissue-damaging effects of asbestos dust. PMID- 1111742 TI - Wife battering: a preliminary survey of 100 cases. AB - One hundred battered wives were interviewed. All had bruising, often together with other injuries, such as lacerations and fractures, There was a high incidence of violence in the family histories of both partners, and of drunkeness and previous imprisonment among the husbands. Netherless, both husbands and wives had wide range of educational achievements. Mmost wives were subjected to repeated violence because they had no alternative but to return to the marital home; There was an association between wife battering and child abuse. Places of sanctuary are needed where a woman can take her children when violence is out of control. PMID- 1111743 TI - Special diets in hospitals: discrepancy between what is prescribed and what is eaten. AB - An assessment has been made in four hospitals of the food eaten by 40 patients on special diets restricted in energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, or sodium. The diets eaten by most patients were significantly different from those prescribed, partly because of patients' unrestricted access to food they possessed or could buy in the ward, but mainly because of the extra or alternative foods provided by ward staff. Not only may the patients, progress be prevented or hindered by excessive consumption but also the lack of progress may be interpreted as indicating that the dietary treatment has failed rather than that it has not been followed. PMID- 1111744 TI - Letter: Medical graduates in clinical chemistry. PMID- 1111745 TI - Letter: Problem of the dangerous offender. PMID- 1111746 TI - Letter: Rupture of uterus during prostaglandin-induced abortion. PMID- 1111747 TI - Secure hospital units. PMID- 1111749 TI - Letter: World Medical Association. PMID- 1111748 TI - Letter: Effective dosage of tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 1111750 TI - Letter: Fluorescent drumsticks in human female polymorphs. PMID- 1111751 TI - Letter: Ascorbic acid deficiency and aspirin-induced haematemesis. PMID- 1111753 TI - Letter: Testing of new drugs. PMID- 1111752 TI - Letter: Fibrinolysis and venous thrombosis. PMID- 1111754 TI - Letter: Consultant contract. PMID- 1111755 TI - Letter: Interim pay review. PMID- 1111756 TI - Letter: Constitution of C.C.H.M.S. PMID- 1111757 TI - Editorial: So-called innocent systolic murmurs. PMID- 1111758 TI - Editorial: Tube transplants. PMID- 1111759 TI - Editorial: Health education in the reorganized N.H.S. PMID- 1111760 TI - Editorial: Safe manipulation of microbial genes. PMID- 1111761 TI - Single extra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin E2 in viscous gel to induce mid trimester abortion. AB - In a preliminary study a single extra-amniotic injection of 1.5 mg of prostaglandin E-2 incorporated into an aqueous viscous gel was given to 24 patients aborted within 24 hours, and the mean induction-abortion interval (plus or minus S.E. of mean) was 13.5 plus or minus 1.5 hours. Vomiting occurred in seven patients, and transient severe uterine cramps, pallor, nausea, and shivering occurred in one patient immediately after injection. Complete abortion occurred in 20patients. A delay in the time taken to abort seemed to be associated with an immediate and rapid rise in uterine tone after the injection which required prompt analgesia; this probably reflected rapid decidual absorption and dissolution of the prostaglandins away from their site of action. The degree of distention of the catheter-retaining balloon did not influence abortion times. PMID- 1111762 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with raised intracranial pressure. AB - Serial electrocardiographic (E.C.G.) recordings were taken in seven patients suffering from intracranial conditions, for which their intracranial pressure was directly and continuously monitored with a Konigsberg extradural transducer. The E.C.G. changes observed in patients with raised intracranial pressure were prominent U waves, ST-T segment changes, notched T waves, and shortening and prolongation of Q-T intervals. Two patients with normal intracranial pressure showed no E.C.G. abnormalities but also establish a relationship between E.C.G. abnormalities and changing intracranial pressure. PMID- 1111763 TI - Incidence of early post-operative iliofemoral thrombosis. AB - The doppler ultrasound probe was used to study 138 patients after major surgery to assess the incidence of iliofemoral thrombosis in the early postoperative period. The patients were simultaneously studied with the 125-I-fibrinogen uptake test. The accuracy of the ultrasonic technique was assessed concurrently by comparing its results with those of ascending phlebography in a separate group of patients. The ultrasound probe detected thrombus proximal to the calf but was inaccurate in locating its exact site. Of the 138 patients studied postoperatively 28 developed calf vein thrombosis detected istopically, but there was no evidence of iliofemoral thrombosis in any patient. Thus, spontaneous iliofemoral thrombosis in the early postoperative period is rare. PMID- 1111764 TI - The Summerland Disaster. AB - The reception, admission, and subsequent management of casualties from the Summerland fire are described. A senior member ofthe staff assessed priorities and direceted casualties to different prearranged teams, and a nurse was allocated to each patient to aid continuity of treatment and documentation. Though regular revision and discussion of major accident procedures with all members of the hospital staff and co-ordination with other rescue workers is helpful expensive rehearsals are of limited value in a civilian incident. PMID- 1111765 TI - Anaemia of pregnancy: the changing postwar pattern. AB - A popluation survey covering over a quarter of a century has shown clearly the improvement in haemoglobin levels in women attending antenatal clinics at the Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital. Various influences have helped to bring this about, foremost among these being routine early prophylaxis with combined iron and folate supplements. Indeed, a time-space relationship between changes in prophylactic therapy, rates of improvement, and the incidence of megaloblastic anaemia can be shown. The women at risk are still essentially the same except for a new group of young, unmarried girls, who must be watched. In our view the withdrawal of routine prophylactic therapy in pregnancy would be retrograde step. PMID- 1111766 TI - Patient-satisfaction survey in general practice. PMID- 1111767 TI - Letter: Paraquat poisoning treated with immunosuppressants and potassium aminobenzoate. PMID- 1111768 TI - Letter: Septicaemia on the increase. PMID- 1111769 TI - Letter: Tuberculosis of the spine. PMID- 1111770 TI - Letter: Complication of Austin Moore prosthesis. PMID- 1111771 TI - Letter: Cyclophosphamide in treatment of nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 1111772 TI - Letter: Management of lithium treatment. PMID- 1111773 TI - Letter: Clonazepam in the treatment of drug-induced dyskinesia. PMID- 1111774 TI - Letter: Distribution and supervision of oral contraceptives. PMID- 1111775 TI - Letter: Geriatric policies. PMID- 1111776 TI - Letter: Drugs for addicts. PMID- 1111777 TI - Letter: Choice of contraceptives. PMID- 1111778 TI - Letter: Endotoxaemia. PMID- 1111779 TI - Letter: Variations in plasma urea and creatinine. PMID- 1111780 TI - Letter: Crisis in the health service. PMID- 1111781 TI - Psittacosis in a pet shop. PMID- 1111782 TI - Distribution of hospital provision: policy themes and resource variations. AB - There has been much discussion in the past about the inequitable distribution of N.H.S. resources between different regions. This paper examines the distribution of hospital resources in terms of current revenue and beds in different specialties in eight regions (49 area health authorities). Variations between A.H.A.s are far more important than those between regions, and indeed they are so large (even in the acute specialties) that it is doubtful whether some A.H.A.s can be considered to be offering a comprehensive service. In the light of these findings the paper explores policy problems involved in trying to secure a more equitable distribution of N.H.S. resources at a time of financial stringency. PMID- 1111783 TI - Letter: Nerve lesions and finger wrinkling. PMID- 1111784 TI - Editorial: Deaths in the dental chair. PMID- 1111785 TI - Editorial: Cervical epithelial dysplasia. PMID- 1111786 TI - Editorial: Illness in the clouds. PMID- 1111787 TI - Editorial: Molecules and mental health. PMID- 1111788 TI - Editorial: Anxiety symptoms and coffee drinking. PMID- 1111789 TI - Editorial: Lean times ahead for N.H.S. finances. PMID- 1111790 TI - Bromocriptine treatment of acromegaly. AB - The effects of oral bromocriptine in acromegaly have been studied. A dose of 5 mg six-hourly suppressed circulating growth hormone (GH) levels in nine out of 11 patients treated for seven to 11 weeks. This was associated with considerable clinical improvement in all patients, with abolition of excessive sweating, reduction in soft-tissue thichening, loosening of rings, decrease in shoe size, improvement in facial features, and loosening of dentures. Metabolic changes included improvement in glucose tolerance and reduction in hydroxyproline excretion. Unlike the actions of growth hormone release inhibiting hormone the suppression of GH was not accompanied by a reduction in insulin or glucagon secretion, though prolactin levels were suppressed. Side effects other than mild constipation were not seen when the full dose regimen was reached by slowly increasing the dose from 2-5 mg once daily. Bromocriptine holds promise as a safe and orally effective medical treatment to augment surgical or radiotherapeutic measures directed at the pituitary tumour. Its efficacy during longterm administration remains to be established. PMID- 1111791 TI - Prolactin in hypertensive pregnancy. AB - Plasma prolactin levels were measured in 68 pregnant women with hypertension at 32 weeks gestation. They were raised in pregnancies with pre-eclamptic features, most significantly in women with a rising plasma urate level. No correlation was found between the level of the untreated blood pressure and prolactin. Proteinuria did not influence prolactin levels independently of changes in the plasma urate. The differences in prolactin levels could not be ascribed to the drugs administered. PMID- 1111792 TI - Normal haematological values: sex difference in neutrophil count. AB - Blood counts were performed on 100 male and 100 female staff to establish normal ranges for our hospital. Neutrophil counts were found to be on average 0.66 times 10-9/1 (660/mm-3) higher in women than in men. Statistically this difference was highly significant and was not due to the fact that many of the women were taking oral contraceptives. The neutrophil counts of the men and women were also on average 0.50 times 10-9/1 (500/mm-3) greater in the afternoon than in the morning. A correlation was observed between the neutrpphil and the monocyte counts. PMID- 1111793 TI - Postoperative management after thymectomy. AB - This paper reports a retrospective study of the preoperative and postoperative management of 28 patients who underwent thymectomy between 1956 and 1973. Patients who received postoperative artificial ventilation were compared with the group who did not with respect to sex, age, severity of disease, preoperative vital capacity, and thymic histology. Evidence is presented that postoperative artificial ventilation is required when the preoperative vital capacity with the patient on optimum anticholinesterase treatment is less than 2 litres. Additional features associated with a probable need for artificial ventilation were the presence of a thymoma, bulbar symptoms, especially dysphagia, and age over 50 years. These should be taken into account in any patient whose vital capacity is close to the critical level of 2 litres. When postoperative ventilation was required it was usually necessary for 12 days or more, and tracheostomy should therefore be done at or before thymectomy. Most patients in this series received the same dose of anticholinesterases after operation as before it and no evidence was found of a sudden decrease in requirements for anticholinesterase therapy. Two patients did not, and in them a myasthenic crisis was precipitated. We propose that the preoperative drug regimen can be continued in the immediate postthymectomy period, allowing selection of patients for tracheostomy and artificial ventilation primarily on the basis of the preoperative vital capacity. PMID- 1111794 TI - Clinicopathological conference. A case of hypoaldosteronism. PMID- 1111795 TI - Non-fatal injuries sustained by back seat passengers. AB - Of 2,275 cases of non-fatal injuries sustained by all categories of road users 185 were inflicted on back seat passengers. Twenty-six such passengers sustained severe and 66 moderately severe injuries. Only two patients (aged 18 months and 3 years) wore any form of restraint. Back seat passengers may be injured by impact with the rear of the front seat or other objects in the rear compartment; by objects in the front compartment; or by being thrown out of the car completely. An adequate restraint system, such as the lap-and-diagnoal type of seat belt, would reduce the incidence and severity of injuries. PMID- 1111796 TI - Confidential inquiries into maternal deaths. PMID- 1111797 TI - Hospital pharmacy committees in England: Their structure, function, and development. AB - A total of 150 chief and group chief pharmacists in England took part in a survey of the structure and role of pharmacy committees in hospitals. Just over half of the hospitals had such a committee. About two-thirds of these dealt only with pharmacy matters and one-third dealt also with other matters. The number of new committees set up increased slowly until 1967 and then showed a sharp rise. Their terms of reference, membership, and manner of appointment varied greatly. Among subjects dealt with the cost of drugs and the introduction of new prescribing sheets were prominent. Many of the respondents believed that the work of the committees, often with the help of smaller, more specialized groups, had significantly improved various aspects of the local supply and use of drugs. PMID- 1111798 TI - Institut Pasteur: private or state institute. PMID- 1111799 TI - Letter: Reorganization and nurse training. PMID- 1111800 TI - Letter: Cardiac perforation by temporary pacing electrodes. PMID- 1111801 TI - Letter: Diphosphonate therapy in deafness associated with Paget's disease. PMID- 1111802 TI - Letter: Metoclopramide and facial dyskinesia. PMID- 1111803 TI - Letter: Ethics and halothane. PMID- 1111804 TI - Letter: Kilopascals. PMID- 1111805 TI - Letter: "Locked-in" syndrome. PMID- 1111806 TI - Letter: Hazards of Argyll trocar catheter. PMID- 1111807 TI - Letter: Acute calf swelling. PMID- 1111809 TI - Letter: Consultant contract. PMID- 1111808 TI - Letter: Metabolism of barbiturate after overdosage. PMID- 1111810 TI - Two dental deaths. PMID- 1111811 TI - Macromolecules and behavior II. Training induced alteration in leucine transfer RNA of goldfish brain. AB - Goldfish were trained to swim upright after a polystyrene float had been attached ventrally. The effects of training on the amino acid acceptor activity and methylated albumin-kieselguhr column chromatography profile of several brain isoaccepting tRNA species were studied. Comparison of the kinetics of aminoacylation and chromatography profile of tRNAs from trained and control fish showed no differences for Arginyl-, glutamyl-, histidyl-, lysyl-, phenylalanyl-, seryl, threonyl- or valyl-tRNA. In contrast, training induced alterations in tRNA Leu activity and activity profile. Training had no effect on brain amino acid pools or liver tRNA-Leu activity. Together, behavioral control experiments and plasma cortisol titers indicated that the training-induced increase in tRNA-Leu activity was not caused by stress, exertion, random disoriented swimming or the minor surgical procedures required. Rather, this activity change seems to correlate with some, as yet unidentified, aspect of behavioral training. The implications of these findings with respect to learning are discussed. PMID- 1111812 TI - Effects of neonatal cortical lesions upon the cat superior colliculus. PMID- 1111813 TI - A non-inactivating inward current recorded during small depolarizing voltage steps in snail pacemaker neurons. PMID- 1111814 TI - Tectal organization of pit viper infrared reception. PMID- 1111815 TI - Vibration-induced autogenetic inhibition of gamma motoneurons. PMID- 1111816 TI - Cerebral cortex neurons with extra spikes: a normal substrate for epileptic discharges? PMID- 1111817 TI - Barrels in cerebral cortex altered by receptor disruption in newborn, but not in five-day-old mice (Cricetidoe and Muridae). PMID- 1111818 TI - Peroxisomes in rat sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. PMID- 1111819 TI - Blockade by morphine of acetylcholine release from the caudate nucleus in the mid pontine pretrigeminal cat. PMID- 1111820 TI - Dopamine in dendrites of substantia nigra neurons: suggestions for a role in dendritic terminals. PMID- 1111821 TI - Spinal and spino-bulbo-spinal reflexes in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) often produces complete hindlimb paralysis in rats. Stimulating the dorsal root at L5 was found to produce hindleg twitches in EAE rats with complete hindlimb paralysis. In addition, it was possible to record a monosynaptic response from the ventral root at L5 after stimulating the ipsilateral dorsal root (L5) in these rats. It was also possible to elicit a reflex at L5 which was shown to involve the central nervous system above the spinal cord level. These experiments demonstrated that the motoneurons and the muscles of the hindlimbs and the spinal cord segment innervating the hindlimbs remain functional in EAE paralyzed rats. This suggests that the paralysis may be caused by dysfunction of descending pathways of supraspinal origin. PMID- 1111822 TI - Modification of direction selectivity of neurons in the visual cortex of kittens. PMID- 1111823 TI - Physiological consequences of unilateral and bilateral eye closure in macaque monkeys: some further observations. PMID- 1111824 TI - Recurrent inhibition and facilitation: demonstration in the tubero-infundibular system and effects of strychnine and picrotoxin. PMID- 1111825 TI - The synaptic structure of catecholaminergic axon varicosities in the dorso-medial portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius of the cat: possible roles in the regulation of cardiovascular reflexes. AB - The study was performed on adult mongrel cats to investigate synaptic structures of nerve terminals in the dorso-medial portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), where majorities of the cardiovascular afferent fibers terminate and a dense plexus of the catecholaminergic nerves exists. In normal control groups, axo-dendritic and axo-somatic contacts were commonly observed but no axo-axonic contacts were seen. Synaptic vesicles were almost exclusively spherical (97%) and less frequently flat (3%). Small cored vesicles were not observed in animals with formalin-glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation. Two or three days after denervation of IXth and Xth cranial nerves, degenerated axon varicosities occupied about 15-20% of total population. Quantitative analysis after intracisternal injection of 5-hydroxydopamine revealed 3 different types of the varicosity: varicosities with spherical clear vesicles (85%), flat clear vesicles (3%) and small cored vesicles (12%). Axon varicosities with small cored vesicles predominantly exhibited axo-dendritic synapses and occasionally showed the closed apposition with those containing spherical clear vesicles. 6-Hydroxydopamine produced a minimal degree of degenerative changes in some axon varicosities (less than 5%). Treatment with 5-hydroxydopamine after IXth and Xth cranial nerve section gave intact axon varicosities with small cored vesicles. In conclusion, there is a relatively dense innervation of catecholaminergic nerves in the dorso medial portion of the NTS, which apparently does not stem from the IXth and Xth cranial nerves. Possible roles of catecholaminergic nerves are discussed. PMID- 1111826 TI - 5-HT-and norepinephrine-induced release of ACh from the thalamus and mesencephalon of the monkey during thermoregulation. AB - In the unanesthetized pigtailed monkey (Macaca nemestrina), trained to sit in a primate chair, the body temperature was monitored from the brain and colon. After an array of guide tubes had been implanted stereotaxically, isolated sits within the thalamus and mesencephalon were perfused by means of a push-pull cannula system. The perfusate was an artificial CSF containing 1.0 mug/ml of the anticholinesterase, neostigmine; each sample of effluent was assayed for the content of acetylcholine (ACh) on the eserinized guinea pig ileum. The micro injection of 5-HT and norepinephrine into the monkey's hypothalamus in doses of 2.5-10.0 mug evoked a rise or fall in body temperature, respectively. In addition, these amines caused a concurrent change in the release of ACh at perfusion loci in both thalamus and mesencephalon. A composite anatomical mapping of the active releasing sites revealed that the output of ACh was elevated at 19 of 36 sites during the 5-HT-induced hyperthermia. The region of maximum sensitivity to 5-HT in terms of the percent change in ACh output at thalamic and mesencephalic sites was the rostral hypothalamus. These results provide further support for a neurochemical model of thermoregulation which postulates that 5-HT activates a cholinergic pathway originating in the hypothalamus which transmits the efferent signals for heat production. PMID- 1111827 TI - Correlation between circadian changes in serum amino acids or brain tryptophan and the contents of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in regions of the rat brain. PMID- 1111828 TI - Free and membrane-bound ribosomes and polysomes in hippocampal neurons during a learning experiment. AB - The ribosomes of the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of hipocampus were investigated by morphometric methods after the acquisition of a shock-motivated brightness discrimination in rats. A significant increase in the total number of ribosomes was observed in CA1 cells of trained animals and in CA3 cells of both active controls and trained rats. A significant increase in membrane-bound ribosomes was obtained in CA1 and CA3 cells after training only. The results confirm the suggestion of an increased protein synthesis in hippocampal neurons during and after the acquisition of a brightness discrimination, as we have concluded from out previous investigations on the incorporation of labeled amino acids under identical experimental conditions. The results lead to the assumption that the protein synthesis in some neuronal cells may probably differ not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively in trained and untrained animals. PMID- 1111829 TI - Activity of interneurons mediating reciprocal 1a inhibition during locomotion. AB - The activity of interneurons monosynaptically excited by 1a afferents and mediating the reciprocal inhibition of motoneurons of the antagonistic muscles was recorded in mesecephalic cats. The activity was resulted during locomotion evoked by stimulation of the "locomotor region" of the mesencephalon. The neurons turned out to be active in a definite phase of the step simultaneously with that muscle which supplied them by 1a afferent input. In preparations with de-efferent hindlimbs, stimulation of the "locomotor region" evoked a periodic process in the spinal cord ("fictive" locomotion); in this case bursts of activity in the interneurons also coincided with the activity of motoneurons of corresponding muscles. Under such conditions excitation of 1a afferents by the passive stretch of the muscle or by electric stimulation of the muscle nerve studied in an increase of the activity of interneurons, which depended on the phase of the cycle. The data obtained show that during locomotion there are at least two sources of inhibition of motoneurons of antagonistic muscles; (i) the activity of 1a afferents of the active muscle, mediating by corresponding interneurons; and (ii) signals coming through the same interneurons from the central mechanisms of generating stepping movements. PMID- 1111830 TI - Imprinting: correlations between behaviour and incorporation of (14-C) uracil into chick brain. AB - On the first day after hatching 106 domestic chicks were injected with (14 C)uracil and exposed to a yellow or a red rotating flashing light for 72 min. Shortly before they were killed and 115 min after injection they were given a choice between the two lights. Incorporation of the (14-C)uracil into 4 regions of the brain was measured. Differences between batches and between training conditions were eliminated as sources of variation by standardising the behavioural and biochemical measures. Correlations between the measures were obtained. Chicks that were active from the early stages of training showed lower rates of incorporation in the midbrain, forebrain base and anterior of roof of the forebrain, than less responsive chicks. When the general lowering effect of behavioural activity on incorporation was eliminated as a source of variations, a striking positive correlation emerged between the preference for the familiar object and incorporation in the anterior of forebrain roof. Since preference for the familiar is a direct measure of imprinting and since no other behavioural measure is positively correlated with biochemical changes in anterior roof, it is concluded that these biochemical changes were closely linked with the learning process. PMID- 1111831 TI - Cholinergic-dopaminergic interaction in the striatum: the effect of 6 hydroxydopamine or pimozide treatment on the increased striatal acetylcholine levels induced by apomorphine, piribedil and d-amphetamine. AB - Apomorphine (1 and 2 mg/kg), piribedil (15 and 60 mg/kg) and d-amphetamine (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased rat striatal acetylcholine levels without affecting choline. Pretreatment with pimozide (0.5 mg/kg) completely antagonized the effect of apomorphine and piribedil and by itself markedly decreased striatal acetylcholine levels. d-Amphetamine signigicantly antagonized the effect of pimozide. Nine days after pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine plus pargyline, striatal dopamine was decreased by 78% while acetylcholine and choline levels remained unaltered. Under these conditions, the effect of d-amphetamine was completely abolished while apomorphine and piribedil were just as active as in the vehicle-treated group. The results suggest that d-amphetamine acted indirectly to increase striatal acetylcholine levels probably through the release of dopamine and/or noradrenaline, while apomorphine and piribedil acted directly at dopamine receptor sites. PMID- 1111832 TI - Transport of choline from plasma to cerebrospinal fluid in the rabbit with reference to the origin of choline and to acetylcholine metabolism in brain. AB - The supply of choline to the brain and the interrelationship between acetylcholine metabolism in the brain, choline in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and choline in plasma has been investigated by studying the transport of deuterium labelled choline from plasma toCSF in rabbits. The experiments were performed either by i.v. infusion of labelled choline or by administering deuterium choline in the diet until steady state levels were reached. All assays of labelled as well as unlabelled choline and acetylcholine were carried out by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique. From these experiments it was found that the half-lives of the disappearance of labelled choline in plasma and CSF were similar (15 min) and the mole fraction of labelled choline in plasma was approximately 2.4 times that in CSF. The half-life of labelled acetylcholine in brain was about 25 min. In the time interval 10-20 min, the mole fraction of brain acetylcholine was the same as that of CSF choline. When infusion was carried out during pentobarbital anaesthesia the mole fraction of labelled brain acetylcholine decreased and that of labelled CSF choline increased compared to those of conscious animals. At steady state the mole fraction of labelled choline in plasma was nearly twice as high as that in CSF which in turn was significantly higher than that of acetylcholine in the brain. From these results it is suggested that in rabbit, free and derived choline in plasma are supplied to the brain in equal amounts. Furthermore it is suggested that choline is transported from plasma, via the extracellular space of the brain to CSF. In the extracellular space a part of choline is diverted and exchanged with choline in the acetycholine metabolic pathway. PMID- 1111833 TI - A bistratified amacrine cell and synaptic cirucitry in the inner plexiform layer of the retina. PMID- 1111834 TI - Hypothalamic, tectal and accessory optic projections in the opossum. PMID- 1111835 TI - Memory enhancement by central administration of norepinephrine. PMID- 1111836 TI - Endogenous levels of histamine in single neurons isolated from CNS of Aplysia calfornica. PMID- 1111837 TI - Electrophysiology of spinal motoneurons in the pigeon. PMID- 1111838 TI - The influence of spinal cord temperature on respiratory frequency. PMID- 1111839 TI - Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to calcium in adrenal insufficiency. PMID- 1111840 TI - Projections from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus and mesencephalic tectum in a reptile (Tupinambis nigropunctatus): a comparison of anterograde transport and anterograde degeneration. PMID- 1111841 TI - Technical modifications to facilitate tracing synapses by electron microscopic autoradiography. PMID- 1111842 TI - Subcortical afferents to the frontal lobe in the rhesus monkey studied by means of retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport. PMID- 1111843 TI - Selective uptake of (3H)leucine by projection neurons of the cat auditory cortex. PMID- 1111844 TI - The presence of a retinohypothalamic projection in the ferret. PMID- 1111845 TI - A combined horseradish peroxidase-autoradiographic investigation of reciprocal connections between superior temporal gyrus and pulvinar in squirrel monkey. PMID- 1111846 TI - Characteristics of CA1 neurons recorded intracellularly in the hippocampal in vitro slice preparation. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from CA1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampal in vitro slice preparation. Neurons displayed characteristics previously described for the intact preparation including: EPSPs, IPSPs, depolarizing after potentials, bursting, frequency potentiation, double pulse facilitation, and probably dendritis spiking. Cells could be discharged when orthodromic or antidromic pathways were stimulated, with injection of a depolarizing current pulse, and from iontophoresis of glutamic acid. The apparently normal behavior of the neurons makes the isolated hippocampal slice a promising cortical preparation. PMID- 1111847 TI - Influence of centrifugal sinus nerve activity on carotid body catecholamines: microphotometric analysis of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence. AB - The effects of centrifugal activity in the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) on the intensity of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of carotid body were examined in cat. Measurements of intensity were obtained from 21 to 56 sections of each carotid body with a microscope photometer attached to a fluorescence microscope. Comparisons were made between the two carotid bodies removed from each cat. In one series of experiments, one carotid body (CSN intact) served as control, while the experimental carotid body was on the side on which centrifugal activity was increased by electrical stimulation of the peripheral end of the cut CSN. In a second series, centrifugal CSN activity was increased by hypoxemia; one CSN was transected (control) and the other was left intact (experimental). In untreated cats, fluorescence intensity was significantly higher on the side with increased centrifugal CSN activity. In cats treated with either MK486, which inhibits conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine, or reserpine, increased centrifugal CSN activity caused a significant decrease in intensity of type I cells. These findings indicate that centrifugal discharges regulate, in part, the synthesis and release of catecholamines by type I cells of the carotid body. PMID- 1111848 TI - Exteroceptive suppression and motor control of the masseter and temporalis muscles in normal man. AB - Single electrical stimuli to the gums and mucosa inside the mouth elicit two successive exteroceptive suppressions (ES1 and ES2) in the voluntary electromyogram of the masseter and temporalis muscles in normal man. The same afferent axons appear to be involved in the two effects, as indicated by the intensity function, the electrical excitability, the afferent conduction velocity and the lack of differential effect of Xylocaine infiltration of the inferior alveolar nerve. Two similar phases of inhibition involve the monosynaptic masseter reflex and the synchronized electromyographical spikes induced by jaw vibration. Exteroceptive suppression is thought to be mediated, in the brain stem, by both an oligosynaptic (ES1) and a multisynaptic (ES2) mechanism. PMID- 1111849 TI - Behavioral deficits in cats following early selected visual exposure to contours of a single orientation. AB - The ability of adult cats, whose early visual experience was confined to contours of a single orientation (either vertical or horizontal), to resolve gratings of different orientations was studied by operant methods. Following selective visual exposure during part or all of the first 4 months of life, the cats were trained on a simultaneous discrimination between gratings of various orientations and blank fields of the same mean luminance. The spatial frequency of the gratings was systematically altered in order to obtain an estimate of acuity based upon extrapolation to chance levels of performance. Selectively deprived cats performed as well as normally reared cats on gratings having the same orientation as that of the stripes they saw as kittens, but their performance on gratings orthogonal to these was poorer. The deficits in acuity for gratings perpendicular to the experienced orientation varied between 0.26 and 0.87 of an octave. On the other hand, control cats whose early visual experience alternated between vertical and horizontal stripes, or who were reared in an environment containing randomly oriented contours, failed to show any difference in their acuity for vertical and horizontal gratings. The acuity deficits shown by the selectively deprived animals are long-standing since they remain unchanged even after 30 months of normal visual exposure. It is argued that these perceptual deficits are a consequence of the changes in cortical physiology that other investigators have described in cats who had undergone similar early visual deprivation. Taken together, these findings provide a basis for explaining a number of human perceptual disorders. PMID- 1111850 TI - An electron microscopic analysis of rubrospinal tract termination in the spinal cord of the cat. PMID- 1111851 TI - Changes in (35S)methionine incorporation into protein of the rat brain during puberty. PMID- 1111852 TI - Directional selection for growth at two ambient temperatures in Coturnix coturnix japonica. AB - Four lines of quail; random-selected, male-selected, female-selected and male- and female-selected lines, were subjected to 37 plus or minus 1-6 degrees C from 3 to 5 weeks of age while another four lines, similarly selected, were reared at room temperature (15 to 27 degrees C). Selection for increased growth was practised for two generations using ten females and five males as parents in each line. A significant interaction between time and temperature was observed in the third generation progeny; when exposed to heat stress, the stress-adapted lines showing a superior growth rate. A sex X temperature interaction was also observed and was due largely to the control females being more sensitive to stress than the males. A cumulative realised heritability estimate of 0-47 plus or minus 0-15 for 5-week body weight was obtained. PMID- 1111853 TI - The role of histamine and fish meal in the incidence of gizzard erosion and pro ventricular abnormalities in the fowl. AB - The role of certain fish meals in the production of localised gizzard erosion is confirmed. Lesions typical of gizzard erosion could be produced by the addition of histamine to the diet. The amount of histamine occurring naturally in fish meal depends on the species of fish and the extent and nature of bacterial spoilage. These variables may explain why histamine has not been implicated previously and also why there have not been consistent associations between the condition and geographical source or common factors in bulk consignments of the meal. PMID- 1111854 TI - The effect of reserpine on plasma LH concentrations in intact and gonadectomised domestic fowl. AB - Reserpine was found to inhibit the secretion of luteinising hormone when injected into intact and gonadectomised fowl at a dose rate which caused heavy sedation. This could indicate that reserpine or its derivatives should not be used for breeding poultry. PMID- 1111855 TI - The microstructure of the cuticle-less shell of the eggs of the domestic hen. AB - Open pores were a notable feature of the shell of hens' eggs which were naturally devoid of cuticle. In contrast with normal eggs, the surface of the cuticle-less shell was irregularly contoured and, in many instances, deeply fissured. PMID- 1111856 TI - The fine structure of the pores in the shell of the hen's egg. AB - No fibrous or crystalline material was present in the lumen of pore canals which were exposed by radial fracture and examined with a scanning electron microscope. The walls of the canals were rough, but they did not have a characteristic ultrastructure. The campanulate outer orifice of the pores was plugged with cuticle in which radial cracks formed channels through which the respiratory gases presumably diffuse. PMID- 1111857 TI - Protective effect of immunoglobulins in serum and milk of sows exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis virus. AB - Experimental exposure of susceptible pregnant sows by various routes to the gut origin transmissible gastroenteritis virus stimulated production of milk and serum antibodies. These antibodies neutralized the cytopathic effect of transmissible gastroenteritis virus propagated in cell culture. This in vitro neutralizing antibody resided in the IgG and IgA immunoglobulin classes. On the other hand, protection for baby pigs resided in the IgA class of milk immunoglobulin of sows exposed orally or intramammarily but not of sows exposed intramuscularly to the virus. PMID- 1111858 TI - Systolic time intervals in domestic ponies: alterations in a case of coarctation of the aorta. AB - This report describes the measurement of systolic time intervals in a nine year old female domestic pony which was found at necropsy to show coarctation of the aorta and bilateral ventricular hypertrophy. Electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and direct arterial blood pressure were recorded from the pony in a standing unmedicated state and systolic time intervals were measured from the resulting tracings. A prolongation of left ventricular ejection time and shortening of the pre-ejection period were observed in comparison to a group of normal ponies similarly examined. Such changes are consistent with outflow tract obstruction. The pony was also hypotensive and this condition was interpreted as a long-term compensation for the obstructive lesion. It is likely that the changes in systolic time intervals were at this stage predominantly affected by the hypotension. The report notes that the existence of such a case of spontaneous cardiovascular disease in the pony population might suggest the utility of the animal as a resource in comparative cardiovascular physiology and medicine. PMID- 1111859 TI - A study of articular surfaces and synovial fossae of the pectoral limb of swine. AB - Articular surfaces of the pectoral limb were studied in 50 swine and are described in detail. Synovial fossae were not present at birth but were found commonly on the articular surface of the scapula, distal humerus, proximal radius, distal radius and distal surfaces of the intermediate carpal bone after four to five months of age. When present, they were bilaterally symmetrical and were located at the depth of a concavity of the articular surface. Microscopically, synovial fossae appeared as an invagination of articular cartilage extending into subchondral bone. Evidence of endochondral bone formation was less apparent at the depth of synovial fossae than in areas of weight bearing cartilage. PMID- 1111860 TI - New evidence for an intermediate polymer of glucose in cellulose biosynthesis by Acetobacter xylinum. AB - The results of sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation of a cell-free particulate enzyme system from Acetobacter xylinum which was incubated with uridine diphosphoglucose indicate that there is a polymeric intermediate in the biosynthesis of cellulose. This intermediate has the properties of an oligomer of glucose, is normally attached to the heaviest particle of the suspension, but, when released by hydrolysis, is preferentially adsorbed to fragments of preformed cellulose. It may form short segments of microfibrils when precipitated from alkaline solution by ethanol. The presence of this intermediate raises again the question of a primer in cellulose biosynthesis. PMID- 1111861 TI - Endosymbiosis in a leafhopper, Helochara communis Fitch (Cicadellidae: Homoptera): symbiote translocation and auxiliary cells in the mycetome. AB - At times, symbiote populations in mycetomes of Helochara communis are apparently increased by translocation of symbiotes from adjacent mycetocytes. These symbiotes appear to reproduce in mycetomes and become phagocytosed by 'auxiliary' cells (probably hemocytes) that invade mycetomes at zones of disruption supposedly resulting from reproduction of the translocated symbiotes. Some phagocytosed symbiotes degenerate in large vacuoles; others become lodged in smaller vacuoles that supply a third membrane. The hemocytes fuse and form additional mycetomal syncytia. PMID- 1111862 TI - Editorial: Reserpine and breast cancer. PMID- 1111864 TI - Letter: Psychologic factors in the genesis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 1111863 TI - Editorial: The hyperactive child. PMID- 1111865 TI - Letter: Carbohydrate and brain metabolism. PMID- 1111866 TI - Letter: Increased risk of breast cancer. PMID- 1111867 TI - Letter: Unwanted pregnancies. PMID- 1111868 TI - Letter: Unwanted pregnancies. PMID- 1111869 TI - Letter: More on the cold war. PMID- 1111870 TI - Letter: Hallucinations associated with dantrolene sodium therapy. PMID- 1111871 TI - Letter: What is a specialist? PMID- 1111872 TI - My years in local government. PMID- 1111873 TI - Osteomyelitis in children: comparison of hematogenous and secondary osteomyelitis. AB - SUMMARY: A review of osteomyelitis in 54 patients treated at the Dr. Charles A. Janeway Child Health Centre over a 4-year period revealed equal frequencies of secondary and hematogenous osteomyelitis. Although the clinical picture in patients with hematogenous osteomyelitis was classic, patients with secondary osteomyelitis presented with an altered clinical response. Patients with secondary osteomyelitis have a history of an antecedent puncture wound or an inadequately treated contiguous focus of infection; antistaphylococcal antimicrobial therapy was ineffective for most because gram-negative bacilli were isolated in this group of patients. In contrast to patients with hematogenous osteomyelitis, who frequently respond to intensive antimicrobial therapy, those with secondary osteomyelitis will frequently require surgical intervention to eradicate the infection. PMID- 1111874 TI - Self-care program for inpatients in a mental hospital. AB - SUMMARY: A self-care program for selected inpatients in a mental hospital has been developed and has been in operation for more than a year. The 12-bed unit operates without any nursing or other professional staff during the night and weekend. Certain factors, including the mental hospital as an organization, tend to hamper the development of this type of program as well as the progress and growth of other programs in psychiatric hospitals. It is suggested that the much needed progress in the mental hospital would be facilitated by an open-systems approach to its organization. Mental hospitals should consider the introduction of self-care programs for selected patients, mainly in view of their therapeutic potential, but also because of the financial savings such programs offer. PMID- 1111875 TI - Neonatal pneumopericardium. AB - SUMMARY: Pneumopericardium developed in three newborn infants, including a set of twins, with respiratory distress syndrome. The rarity of this condition and its occurrence in two newborns suggest an anatomic predisposition, especially in premature infants requiring assisted ventilation. Two of the infants died; one had undergone pericardiocentesis. From a review of the literature and from our cases we conclude that conservative therapy appears warranted in cases of isolated pneumopericardium although the number of cases reported is too small to provide a definite answer. PMID- 1111877 TI - Letter: The acupuncture mess. PMID- 1111876 TI - Effect of I,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in renal osteodystrophy. AB - A 23-year-old man with medullary cystic disease had been undergoing hemodialysis for 5 years and had become confined to a wheelchair because of renal osteodystrophy. He was treated with 125-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 2.0 mug (later 1.0 mug) three times a week, administered by way of the venous end of the dialysis machine. Within 1 month bone pain lessened and his ability to stand and walk improved. By 3 months he was walking short distances and by 5 months, long distances. Calcium balance was near zero before treatment and was strongly positive during treatment. Bone mineral content in the lower femur, measured by photon absorptiometry, increased at a rate of 32.2% per year. In contrast, 26 other patients on long-term hemodialysis had a mean loss of bone mineral content of 14.0% per year. Radiographs taken during treatment showed a decrease in subperiosteal bone resorption and healing of a pseudofracture. A significant decrease in the mean serum alkaline phosphatase value was noted during treatment, but no significant changes in mean serum calcium or phosphorus values were seen. PMID- 1111878 TI - Canadian doctors have acted responsibly in confronting their several dilemmas. PMID- 1111879 TI - This 'plan now, retire later' scheme can maximize your after-tax income. PMID- 1111880 TI - Is convenience to the patient really necessary? PMID- 1111881 TI - The family doctor in Canada. II. Entering academia. PMID- 1111882 TI - Is there duplication of diagnostic test results? PMID- 1111883 TI - Editorial: An ounce for the heart. PMID- 1111884 TI - Letter: Acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 1111885 TI - Letter: Side effects from lithium. PMID- 1111886 TI - Letter: Unwanted pregnancy and abortion. PMID- 1111887 TI - Letter: Accidental hypothermia. PMID- 1111888 TI - Letter: The irritable colon. PMID- 1111889 TI - Letter: Age of consent. PMID- 1111890 TI - Letter: Contingency billing. PMID- 1111891 TI - Discophile. PMID- 1111892 TI - Urinary homovanillic acid, dopamine and norepinephrine excretion in patients with essential hypertension. AB - Urinary excretion of dopamine, norepinephrine and homovanillic acid was measured in normotensive subjects and in patients with either labile of stable hypertension under conditions controlled for posture, sodium and potassium intake and time of day. Mean homovanillic acid excretion was 313.5 plus or minus 77.7 (SE) mug/4h in the normotensive patients. Mean values for the patients with labile or stable hypertension were significantly greater, at 2506 plus or minus 476 mug/4 h (P smaller than 0.001) and 795 plus or minus 170 mug/4 h (P smaller than 0.01), respectively. Urinary excretion of dopamine and norepinephrine tended to be elevated in patients with labile hypertension when compared with values in the control subjects and the patients with stable hypertension. The data are compatible with the hypothesis of adrenergic hyperactivity in labile hypertension and underline the biochemical heterogeneity of essential hypertension. Because the overlapping of values between control subjects and patients with labile hypertension was minimal, it is proposed that an elevated valve for urinary homovanillic acid could be used as a biochemical marker to identify the patients with labile hypertension. PMID- 1111893 TI - Serum cholesterol and triglyceride measurements in Canadian physicians. AB - In a study of serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in male physicians, blood was drawn after fasting from 2071 registrants at 17 Canadian medical meetings from 1968 to 1973. Eight regional medical laboratories participated in the study. About two thirds of the samples were analysed in one of two laboratories to diminish method variations. When chylomicronemia, hyperglycemia or extremely high triglyceride values were detected, suggesting nonfasting, the data were discarded. The mean serum cholesterol value for the total study population was 233.9 plus or minus 1.22 mg/dl and the mean serum triglyceride value, 150.5 plus or minus 2.48 mg/dl. The mean values and the prevalence of elevated values (cholesterol larger than or equal to 250 mg/dl; triglyceride larger than or equal to 150 mg/dl) were related to age. Of the total study population 34.7% had elevated cholesterol values and 36.2% had elevated triglyceride values; only the cholesterol value was elevated in 17.5%, only the triglyceride value in 19.6% and both values were elevated in 16.8%. Although this was not a random sampling of Canadian physicians or of Canadian men, our findings of elevated serum lipid values were similar to those in French Canadian civic workers, American executives and Scandinavians, and somewhat higher than those in the Albany, New York and Framingham populations, but distinctly higher than those reported by a recent Nutrition Canada survey. PMID- 1111894 TI - Hyperglycemia-induced hyponatremia: metabolic considerations in calculation of serum sodium depression. AB - Hyperglycemia is associated with a decrease in serum sodium concentration. Previous methods of estimating the degree of decrease have not considered the fact that glucose will enter certain cells despite relative insulin deficiency; thus, glucose will not contribute directly to the osmotic gradient responsible for water shifts into or out of these tissues. The expected decrease in serum sodium concentration is 1.35 meg/l for every 100mg/dl increase in blood glucose concentration - the metabolic correction factor. Although the numerical difference between this factor and that calculated by others is small, the metabolic implications could be critical. In the hyperglycemic state the water content of tissues not requiring insulin for glucose transport could increase, and where tissue swelling is physically restricted (for example, in the brain) this expansion could seriously affect organ function. PMID- 1111895 TI - Experience with fetal monitoring in a university teaching hospital. AB - Fetal monitoring during labour may be expected to decrease perinatal losses and the number of infants born with brain damage. In a prospective study of intrapartum fetal monitoring in selected high-risk pregnancies in a Winnipeg hospital the monitoring rate was 26.5% and the cesarean section rate in the monitored group was 22.0%. The fetal outcome in the monitored group was better than in the unmonitored group. The establishment of a fetal intensive care unit is believed to be strongly desirable in improving fetal surveillance during labour. Fetal monitors should be stationed in the delivery room as well as in the first-stage room. PMID- 1111896 TI - Intrarenal arterial collateral circulation. AB - In three cases of intrarenal arterial collateral circulation the collateral channels developed between interlobar arteries in diseased kidneys. Probably these originated in hypertrophied spiral vessels that had arisen from the interlobar arteries in the area of the minor calyces. This form of collateral circulation will undoubtedly be recognized more frequently with the increased use of magnification radiography. PMID- 1111897 TI - Career choices of physicians 15 years after entering medical school. AB - The career status of 149 graduates of the University of Toronto faculty of medicine who entered in 1958 and graduated in 1962 was determined in 1973. The response rate to the mailed questionnaire was 96.6%. Of the graduates 4.7% were not practising medicine, 2.0% stated that medicine was not their primary gainful activity and 4.1% were untraceable or unknown. Of the 24 women in the class 17 (70.8%) were practising at least 76% of their time and 4 (16.7%) were practising 26 to 75% of their time. General practice or family medicine had been chosen by 39.0% of the class and a specialty by 55.7%; 5.4% were unknown or untraceable. The place of longest residence before entrance to university was a good predictor of ultimate location of practice but not of type of practice. PMID- 1111898 TI - Pediatric resident staff follow-up, 1958 to 1972: their present place of practice and activities. AB - Of 174 medical graduates who had undertaken residency training in pediatrics at the Health Centre for Children, Vancouver between 1958 and 1972, 156 replied to a questionnaire designed to determine their present activity. Excluding those still in training 58.4% are currently practising pediatrics, 28% are in family practice and 12.8% are in other areas of professional activity; 49% obtained a specialty degree in pediatrics and 5.4% obtained certification of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada in another specialty. Of the total, 69% have remaind in Canada; of the Canadian graduates 83% have remained in this country, compared with 63.8% of graduates from other countries. Estimation of pediatric manpower requirements should take into account the anticipated increase in population, the pediatrician attrition rate, the contribution one province may provide for the rest of the country, and the fact that only approximately 60% of pediatric trainees will ultimately practise this specialty. PMID- 1111899 TI - The horns of the medical manpower dilemma. PMID- 1111900 TI - Abortion: an open letter. PMID- 1111901 TI - Ontario, Alberta medical associations gain compromise with provincial governments. PMID- 1111902 TI - CMA issues brief on cannabis to Senate committee; calls for process to 'decriminalize' offence. PMID- 1111903 TI - Shall I not ask for whom the medical record is kept? PMID- 1111904 TI - The supply of physicians in Canada. PMID- 1111905 TI - Physician manpower requirements committee reports it progress. PMID- 1111906 TI - The family doctor in Canada. Part IV: his earnings. PMID- 1111907 TI - Income for retirement: a survey. PMID- 1111908 TI - Status passage characteristics and consequences for the aged: a comparison of preinstitutional and community elderly. PMID- 1111909 TI - Endemic diseases, demography and socioeconomic development of tropical Africa. PMID- 1111910 TI - Health care in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 1111911 TI - Editorial: Health reports: a form of treason? PMID- 1111912 TI - Combination chemotherapy for disseminated malignant melanoma. AB - BCNU, hydroxyurea, and imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) were administered to 89 patients with disseminated malignant melanoma. A response rate of 27% was observed. The addition of vincristine in another 89 patients did not significantly improve the response rate (30%). This includes patients who died during or after one course of therapy (less than 28 days). If the early deaths are not considered, the over-all response rate was 38%. (he best responses occurred in patients with skin, lung, and/or lymph node involvement. Liver and brain involvement heralded poor responses. This response rate appeared to be independent of age, sex or previous therapy. Moderate and severe toxicity, predominantly nausea and vomiting, was noted in most patients. The median survival for all evaluable patients was 17 months, and was independent of the regimen used. PMID- 1111913 TI - Comparison of the combination of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and vincristine with two dose schedules of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazino) imidazole 4 carboxamide (DTIC) in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma. AB - One hundred twenty patients with inoperable metastatic malignant melanoma were randomly allocated to treatment with either a combination of BCNU 150 mg/m2 and vincristine 2 mg/m2 given every 30 days, or one of two regimens of DTIC: 300 mg/m2/day x 6 or 100 mg/m2/8 hours x 18 given every 30 days. Eight of the 51 (16%) patients who were originally treated with the BCNU and vincristine combination had 50% or more objective tumor regression, compared to 6 out of 25 (24%) patients treated with daily injections of DTIC, and 6 out of 21 (29%) patients treated with DTIC injections every 8 hours. The median duration of response to the BCNU and vincristine combination was 60 days, and the median duration of survival from initiation of treatment was 6.5 months in the responders and 3.3 months in the nonresponders. The median duration of response was 90 and 100 days for the daily and 8-hour regimens of DTIC respectively, andthe median duration of survival from commencement of treatment was 8.5 months for the responders and 3.5 months for the nonresponders. None of the 43 patients who failed to respond to the initial treatment program or whose disease progressed after initial improvement responded to the alternate treatment regimen. PMID- 1111914 TI - BCG-induced protection against malignant melanoma: possible immunospecific effect in a murine system. AB - This report documents for the first time BCG-induced protection against a murine malignant melanoma. Adult Balb/C mice recieved 0.1-cm3 doses of BCG prior to intramuscular challenge with 1 x 10-6 S-91 melanoma cells. A 65% reduction in melanoma incidence was noted in BCG-pretreated mice. The possibility of specific protection induced by the BCG against the melanoma exists, since the BCG pretreatment did not protect against challenge with 1 x 10-5 mammary carcinoma cells or 1 x 10-4 MCA fibrosarcoma cells in the same strain of mice. Lack of immunogenicity was not a factor in the inability of the carcinoma and sarcoma to be inhibited by BCG. The strenght of the BCG-induced protection against the S-91 melanoma was demonstrated by significantly decreased tumor incidence following three different log challenge doses of the melanoma. However, reduction of the sarcoma challenge dose to as few as 10-2 cells administered to BCG pretreated mice did not result in decreased tumor incidence. It was further discovered that as few as two doses of 0.1 cm3 of BCG were sufficient to produce a 70% reduction in melanoma incidence compared with the incidence in control animals (P less than .001). Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity studies paralleled the results of the in vivo experiments. Lymphocytes immune to each of the three tumors showed significant cytotoxicity against their respective tumor target cells (p less than .001), while the only tumor cells that lymphocytes from BCG-pretreated mice showed significant cytotoxicity against were S-91 target cells (p less than .01). Nonspecific cytotoxicity was not a factor in the effect of BCG-immune lymphocytes against S-91 target cells, since BCG-immune lymphocytes were not cytotoxic to Balb/C fibroblasts. PMID- 1111915 TI - A morphological and quantitative study of tumor blood flow. I. During growth and immune rejection. AB - We have used serial microangiography and radioactive 133 Xe to study microvascular morphology and quantify blood flow in Walker 256 carcinomas implanted in rat tails during growth and immune rejection. No previous angiographic/quantitative studies during immune rejection are reported. Two tumor groups were identified. Group A grew rapidly, with a two- to six-fold increase in blood flow, and caused death in 10 days. Group B grew more slowly, and increased blood flow two to four times. At 6 to 8 days postimplant the B tumors diminished in size; blood flow decreased and extensive lymphocytic infiltration developed. By 21 days all evidence of the tumor had disappeared. The rejection appears to be cell-mediated, and the high incidence (65-70%) to be related to the number of tumor cells and/or presence of accumulated antigen in the innoculum. Microangiographic changes during immune rejection were specific, and included marked tortuosity of feeding vessels and a "ghostlike" fading out of tumor vessels, quite unlike the appearance of necrosis. PMID- 1111916 TI - Ultrastructure of endometrial stromal sarcoma. AB - An endometrial stromal sarcoma from a 48-year-old woman was studied by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally most of the tumor cells resembled the stromal cells of midproliferative endometrium. There was no evidence of a pericytic differentiation of the tumor cells. These findings lend further support to the concept of an endometrial histogenesis of stromal sarcoma. PMID- 1111917 TI - Proliferative patterns in colonic mucosa in familial polyposis. AB - Microautoradiographic measurements of TdR3H incorporation into epithelial cells of colonic biopsies were compared in normal and eight index cases with familial polyposis, an inherited trait characterized by the development of colonic polyps and carcinomas. Colonic epithelial cells normally synthesized DNA synthesis was proliferated in the deeper two-thirds of the crypts, while DNA synthesis was repressed in the upper one-third. Patients with familial polyposis and patients with isolated single polyps incorporated TdR into epithelial cells lining the surfaces of polyps and occasionally into surface cells of intervening flat mucosa. Symptom-free members of polyposis families also demonstrated TdR3H incorporation into surface epithelial cells in biopsies of morphologically flat mucosa. The findings indicate similar proliferative behavior of epithelial cells in the formation of all adenomas, be they single isolated polyps or multiple familial adenomatous polyps. A sequence of changes occurs involving a loss of the cells' ability to repress DNA synthesis and the appearance of cells with persistent DNA synthesis at the surface and along the upper portion of colonic crypts. These defects are focal and widespread in the colonic mucosa of those with familial polyposis and are expressed at early age. PMID- 1111918 TI - Immunologic evaluation of human bladder cancer: in vitro studies. AB - Human bladder cancer tissue were obtained from 31 patients with the histologic diagnosis of transitional cell cancer. Attempts to grow these tumors in tissue culture resulted in 18 primary cultures but only 2 long-term cell lines. Cell mediated and serum cytotoxicity was demonstrated in both autochthonous and allogeneic experiments. This would suggest a cross-reacting common antigen. In the patients showing positive cytotoxicity, no recurrence of tumor could be demonstrated with up to 3 years' followup after therapy. PMID- 1111919 TI - Metastatic carcinomatosis of the liver mimicking cirrhosis: case report and review of the literature. AB - Carcinomatous involvement of the liver mimicking cirrhosis is a rare complication of metastatic carcinoma, most frequently seen with scirrhous carcinoma of the breast. The case of a 46-year-old woman with breast carcinoma presenting with ascites, jaundice, spider angiomata, and portal hypertension is reported. On hepatic scan the liver appeared to be almost the same size as the spleen, a finding frequently seen in cirrhosis. A chemotherapeutic program was introduced, but was of no benefit, and the patient died with uncontrolled esophageal bleeding. The prominent histologic feature on autopsy was intense stromal fibrosis and intravascular tumor infiltration with compression of vessels of the portal system. PMID- 1111920 TI - Lobular carcinoma arising in fibroadenoma of the breast. AB - Lobular carcinoma may arise within the epithelial component of fibroadenoma of the breast, as evidenced by 5 cases reported from the files of the Mayo Clinic and 21 cases cited in the literature. The 5 cases reported here occurred in a series of 4000 cases of fibroadenoma during a 43-year period. Lobular carcinoma is the more frequent type to be seen in fibroadenoma (in 22 of 26 cases); it usually develops in situ. Extra-adenomatous carcinoma of the ipsilateral breast was identified in 11 of 26 cases, and 3 cases of contralateral carcinoma were noted in the entire series. Thus, lobular carcinoma arising within the epithelial component of a fibroadenoma has biological features similar to the behavior of lobular carcinoma of the breast in general. The prognosis has been favorable; lesions are usually encountered early; in only 2 of 26 cases were there axillary metastases. PMID- 1111921 TI - Multicentric breast cancer. The incidence of new cancers in the homolateral breast after partial mastectomy. AB - Multicentric microfoci of cancer are often present in patients with cancer of the breast and affect the contralateral breast as well as the originally affected one. despite the high incidence of these microfoci of cancer, the appearance of new clinical cancers is rare. In a period of 610 patient-years of exposure after partial mastectomy for cancer, six new cancers appeared in the contralateral breast and four in the affected one. These findings suggest that after partial mastectomy the danger of the appearance of a new cancer in the affected breast is less than might have been anticipated. PMID- 1111922 TI - Adrenalectomy with radical mastectomy in the treatment of high-risk breast cancer. AB - Bilateral adrenalectomy with radical mastectomy has been performed in a series of 17 postmenopausal women with breast cancer having metastasis in four or more axillary lymph nodes. Results to date show that both the recurrence and mortality rates are significantly lowered in this group of "high-risk" breast cancer patients by the combined treatment. Of these 17 patients, 14 are living and well with no evidence of disease. Six are surviving without recurrence 5 or more years since their primary treatment. The study also demonstrated that adrenalectomy patients on hormone replacement therapy are able to lead full and active lives for a long time without complications. This pilot study should be considered as a guide to future clinical trials rather than as an immediate recommendation for general therapy. PMID- 1111923 TI - Lymphangiomyomatosis: report of a case with ureteral involvement and chyluria. AB - A 54-year-old woman, presenting with chyluria and progressive dyspnea, is reported. Necropsy revealed co-existent lymphangiomyomatosis and pneumoconiosis in the lungs. Retroperitoneal lymphangiomyomas surrounded the distal ureters, and cystoscopy revealed pyelolymphatic backflow into renal lymphatic sinuses. The finding of chyluria with atypical smooth muscle hyperplasia within the ureters is extremely rare. Previously reported cases of lymphangiomyomatosis are discussed and compared with our own. Electron micrographs of involved lymph nodes are presented and the findings briefly evaluated. PMID- 1111924 TI - The value of aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast cancer: experience at the Fondation Curie. AB - Aspiration cytology was performed on 2772 breast masses, all of which subsequently had open biopsies. Of the 1745 histologically malignant tumors, 1539 (88%) had a concordant cytologic diagnosis: 54 (0.3%) were diagnosed as probably malignant; 63 (3.6%) were false negatives; and 80 (0.5%) had inadequate smears for diagnosis. Of the histologically benign lesions, 916 (89%) had a concordant cytology: only 3 (0.3%) were false positives; cancer was suggested in 42 (0.4%); and the smears were inadequate in 66 cases (6.4%). Very small or very large sized cancer and a high degree of differentation were major causes of false negative aspirates. Recurrent tumors in those breasts exclusively treated by radiotherapy were documented by cytology in 56 of 69 cases (78%). Aspiration cytology is highly reliable when the diagnosis of cancer is made, but should be ignored if no malignant cells are observed. PMID- 1111925 TI - Prediction of the response to chemotherapy in acute leukemia. AB - The prognostic value of the in vitro incorporation of labeled thymidine was evaluated in 53 cases of acute leukemia, by means of autoradiography and liquid scintillation (LS) count. A higher rate of incorporation before therapy with higher labeling index and LS- specific activity was observed in patients who later responded to chemotherapy with a complete remission. The in vitro depression of labeled thymidine incorporation after incubation with the two drugs selected for the induction therapy was more marked in those who responded to therapy than in the nonresponders. The in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine was also evaluated after 48 hours of chemotherapy ("vivo-vitro" test). A decrease of the incorporation was observed frequently in the responders. On the other hand, in the group of nonresponders, there was generally an increase of the incorporation measured by the liquid scintillation count, often contrasting with a decrease of the labeling index, and corresponding to a higher rate of intracellular incorporation. The prognostic value of these findings appears to be significant, as it allows the response to chemotherapy to be predicted, as well as allowing the selection of the various cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 1111926 TI - Xeroradiographic detection of occult breast cancer. AB - Seventy-five occult cancers of the breast were found in a group of 7010 patients examined by xeroradiography, an incidence of 1% of all patients referred in a group practice setting. Nonpalpable cancers can be shown as a mass with or without calcifications, or as clustered calcifications only. A technique for preoperative localization of occult cancer is discussed. This, plus accurate marking of the surgical specimen, is important in the management of these cases. PMID- 1111927 TI - Full thickness chest wall resection for recurrent breast carcinoma involving the bony chest wall. AB - Solitary recurrent breast cancer involving the bony chest wall (parasternal recurrence) is curable when no evidence of systemic spread is found. Radical full thickness chest wall resection is an effective mode of treatment; it remains the only available treatment for patients whose chest wall recurrence fails to respond to radiation therapy, and in those who develop complications due to heavy irradiation. This report covers a review of the records of 52 patients treated at Memorial Hospital by chest wall resection for recurrent breast cancer between 1950 and 1972. The technique of chest wall resection and immediate plastic reconstruction is described. The gross and determinate 5-year survival rates for patients who underwent chest wall resection as the initial mode of therapy for chest wall recurrence were 43% and 57%, respectively. On the other hand, when chest wall resection was performed on those patients whose chest wall recurrences failed to respond to radiation therapy, the gross and determinate 5-year survival rates dropped to 16% and 19%. Full thickness chest wall resection with immediate plastic reconstruction when employed as the first mode of therapy for chest wall recurrences provides a significant 5-year survival rate, and has a definite place in the management of recurrent breast cancer. PMID- 1111929 TI - Surgical oncology: the role in cancer control today. PMID- 1111928 TI - Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - This study is based on a review of the records of 107 patients with primary carcinoids of the gastrointestinal tract diagnosed at the Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases during the 20 years from 1948 to 1968. The tumors were classified into two major groups according to their gross and pathologic presentation, and were correlated with clinical behavior and treatment. Carcinoids which were still intramural in location were usually asymptomatic, and yielded successfully to local excision (85% 5-year overall survival); carcinoids which had invaded into the serosa and/or beyond were usually symptomatic, and hd much poorer results (5% overall 5-year result), despite radical surgery with or without palliative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. PMID- 1111930 TI - Prognosis of the second breast cancer. The role of previous exposure to the first primary. AB - With increasing evidence that cancer patients respond immunologically to their cancers, it seemed interesting to investigate whether or not the course of the second cancer differed from that of the first. If we assume that, in analogy to mammary cancer in the mouse, the cells of human breast cancers carry shared antigens (although this is by no means certain), we could expect that sensitization of the patient induced by the first cancer would enhance his immune response to the second and that this might be reflected in an altered clinical course. We evaluated 82 patients with a second breast cancer and found no difference in the course of the second cancer as compared with the first. PMID- 1111931 TI - Skin cancer in black patients. AB - Skin cancer is rare in black patients. The clinical course and pathology of 58 cases are presented and reviewed. These include 38 squamous cell carcinomas, 13 malignant melanomas, and 7 basal cell carcinomas. Sixty-one percent of the squamous cell carcinomas developed in unexposed areas, with sunlight exposure apparently not being an important etiologic factor. Forty-one percent of the squamous cell carcinomas had predisposing factors such as burn scars or chronic infection. Squamous cell carcinoma in black patients is an aggressive disease, with 29% developing regional lymph node metastasis, and a mortality of 29%. Malignant melanomas occurred most frequently on the plantar surface of the foot (76%). Melanoma is also a virulent tumor in black patients, with 11 of 13 patients developing lymph node metastasis and only 2 patients surviving. Skin cancer in black patients presents a very different clinical picture than that seen in white patients. It is important that these factors be considered when planning therapy. PMID- 1111932 TI - Breast biopsy priority: cancer versus benign preoperative masses. AB - From 1963 to 1973 at Emory Clinic 17,288 breast examinations, including history, physical examination, and mammography, were performed on 6342 patients. The resulting 2793 breast biopsies included 2056 benign and 737 malignant lesions. High-risk and low-risk groups of breast cancer patients were observed for presence or absence of a mass or masses clinically and by roentgenograph, age, and breast pathology. The breast biopsy rate was the same for all age groups studied. The percentage of cancer per biopsy varied from 0 to 100 when the various combinations of mass (masses), no mass, and age were considered. Low priority (less than 5% cancer) groups were: in all age groups no mass by roentgenograph or clinically and no mass by roentgenograph and clinical multiple masses: for the 0-32 age group, all categories except single mass by roentgenograph and clinically; and for the 0-38 age group all categories except mass or masses both by roentgenograph and clinically. Using this wide range in the ratios of cancer, priority for biopsy can be established for each group. The surgeon can use additional clinical assessment of relative risk to contribute to an increased priority scheme. PMID- 1111933 TI - The epidemiological approach to the etiology of cancer. PMID- 1111934 TI - Immunologic competence of regional lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. AB - In 24 patients undergoing radical mastectomy, the degree of sensitization to breast cancer was compared between lymphocytes obtained from regional lymph nodes and circulating lymphocytes. Using the direct lymphocyte migration inhibition assay a greater immunologic response was observed in regional lymph node lymphocytes as compared to circulating lymphocytes when challenged with breast cancer antigen in vitro. In the breast cancer group, migration inhibition (M.I.) was 21% plus or minus 3% in the regional lymph node (R.L.N.) lymphocytes, as compared to 7% plus or minus 3% in the peripheral blood (P.B.) lymphocytes (p smaller than .01). In the control group M.I. was - 10% plus or minus 2% in the R.L.N. lymphocytes, as compared to - 2% plus or minus 3% in the P.B. lymphocytes (p equal to n.s.) indicating no immunologic response to the breast cancer antigen. A significant delayed hypersensitivity response (M.I.greater 20%) was found in 17/24 regional lymph nodes of the radical mastectomy graoup, as compared to 7/24 in the peripheral blood samples tested in the same group, indicating a superior immune response in the regional lymph node lymphocyte population. These data support the concept that regional lymph nodes in breast cancer patients are immunologically competent, and that the lymphocytes in these nodes are more reactive with a tumor antigen than are the circulating lymphocytes. PMID- 1111935 TI - Malignant melanoma of the extremities: a clinicopathologic study using levels of invasion (microstage). AB - A clinicopathologic study was done in 151 patients with malignant melanoma of the extremities who were surgically treated in Memorial Hospital and had 5-to 9-year followup. Microstaging was done according to the depth of invasion, as determined by Clark's levels as well as by direct measurement. This was related to treatment and to clinical course. There was a correlation between the depth of invasion by Clark's levels and the incidence of lymph node metastases in patients with Stage I melanoma who had elective node dissection. The incidence of nodal metastases was 4% for Level II, 7% FOR Level III, 25% for Level IV, and 70% for Level V. There was a correlation between Clark's level of invasion and survival aftter surgery. The 5-year cure rate was 100% for Level II, 88% for Level III, 60% for Level IV, and 15% for Level V melanoma. The presence of nodal metastases augured a much worse prognosis than Clark's level per se. In patients with Level IV melanoma, the 5-year cure rate was 82% in patients with negative nodes and 27% in those with nodal metastases after elective node dissection. Microstaging primary melanoma according to Clark's levels serves as a useful standard with which to compare surgical results. In this series of extremity melanomas there was no difference between local recurrence and lymphadenectomy for Level II melanoma. For Level III and Level IV melanoma, wide excision and lymphadenectomy gave higher cure rates than wide excision only, both at 5 and 9 years after surgery. The results were significant only for patients with Level III, however. Use of the measured depth of invasion added significant clinicopathologic information. The incidence of nodal metastases at elective node dissection was 5 to 9% for melanoma showing 0.6 to 2.0 mm of invasion, 22% for melanoma measuring 2.1 to 3.0 mm, and 39% for melanoma invading beyond 3.0 mm. The 5-year cure rate was 100% for melanoma measuring less than 1.0 mm, 83% for melanoma invading 1.1 to 2.0 mm, 58% for lesions measuring 2.1 to 3.0 mm, and 55% for melanoma invading over 3.0 mm. The microstage technique combining Clark's levels and the measured depth of invasion has an important use as a prognostic index and as a standard upon which to select treatment for primary melanoma of the extremities. PMID- 1111936 TI - Multidisciplinary treatment of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children. AB - Twenty-nine children under 15 years of age with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma were treated according to a multidisciplinary protocol (T-2). The protocol consisted of surgical removal of the tumor if possible, followed by chemotherapy, and also with radiation therapy in patients with gross or microscopic residual disease. Radiation therapy was given in the 4500-7000 rads range. The chemotherapy consisted of cycles of sequential administration of dactinomycin, Adriamycin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide, with obligatory periods of rest. The drug therapy was continued for 2 years. Following surgery, clinicopathologic staging of the disease revealed 10 patients with no residual disease (I-A), 5 with microscopic residual disease (I-B), 5 with unresectable tumors (II), 6 with unresectable tumors plus regional lymph node involvement (III), and 3 with disseminated tumors (IV). Twenty-four (82%) of the patients (20 Stages I-II, 4 Stage III) are alive with no evidence of disease for 4 plus to 42 plus months. These results are superior to those achieved between 1960-1970 among 108 children treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. PMID- 1111938 TI - Modified radical mastectomy. AB - This report describes our experience with a technique of modified radical mastectomy involving incision of the lower lateral fibers of the pectoralis major muscle and detachment of the origins of the pectoralis minor muscle. These maneuvers enable sufficient retraction of these muscles to provide excellent axillary exposure while minimizing the danger of traction injury to the neurovascular structures supplying these muscles. The operation has been performed in 20 patients; statistical analysis demonstrates at least as many nodes in these specimens compared to retrospective analysis of nodes recovered from 223 radical mastectomy specimens done during the previous 5 years. The final cosmetic results are superior to those obtained with standard radical mastectomy. These results suggest that this method of modified radical mastectomy should be considered, unless the proximity of the disease to the pectoralis muscles endangers the adequacy of the surgical margins. PMID- 1111937 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. AB - One hundred thirty-nine surgically treated patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland (MTC) were seen in our institution between January, 1926 and December, 1973. The incidence of this tumor among all thyroid cancers was 8%. Twenty-nine patients had the familial form of MTC; they were subclassified, on the basis of the phenotype, into a group of 15 patients with Sipple syndrome (or multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) Type 2A) and a group of 14 patients with mucosal-neuroma phenotype (or MEN type 2B). Better survivorship was seen in the younger patients, in those with bilateral tumors, in familial MTC, and in patients whose tumor was confined to the thyroid gland at the initial surgery. The incidence of tumor recurrence was 34%. However, in those with adequate surgical treatment, the recurrence was only 23%. The 5- and 10-year survivorships were 80% and 67%, respectively. The best chance of cure lies in early diagnosis through the use of immunoreactive calcitonin measurement in family members at risk, and an aggressive surgical attack on the primary tumor and any cervical metastases. PMID- 1111939 TI - Analysis of survival and recurrence vs. patient and doctor delay in treatment of breast cancer. AB - Two hundred thirty-seven patients with cancer of the breast treated with radical mastectomy were reviewed. Coefficients of correlation between patient's and doctor's delay vs. survival were not significant at p smaller than 0.05. No significant relationship between delay and time of recurrence was found. PMID- 1111940 TI - Topical chemotherapy of lentigo maligna with 5-fluorouracil. AB - Three patients with biopsy-proven lentigo maligna were treated with topical 5 fluorouracil. Treatment consisted of twice daily application of 5% 5-fluorouracil cream for 13, 6, and 9 weeks, respectively. Two patients demonstrated presence of invasive melanoma; in one the melanoma was evident before chemotherapy, and in the other the lesion became evident after chemotherapy. In both the lentigo was treated topically and the melanoma excised locally. Posttreatment followup times through April 1, 1974 have been 42, 24, and 22 months, respectively. There has been no evidence of metastases in any patient. Topical chemotherapy with 5 fluorouracil cream appears to offer an encouraging alternative method of therapy for lentigo maligna of the face. PMID- 1111941 TI - Indications for pleurectomy in malignant effusion. AB - One hundred six patients with malignant pleural effusion were treated by pleurectomy; 83 of these were available for a 2-year followup. Sixteen of 83 patients were alive 2 years following the pleurectomy, with a survival range of 2 6 years. The most common neoplasms associated with the development of effusion were carcinoma of the lung in 41 cases, carcinoma of the breast in 33 cases, and mesothelioma in 14. Indications for pleurectomy were: A) failure to control the effusion by tube drainage and instillation of chemical or radioactive agents; B) presence of a trapped lung; and C) presence of malignant effusion at the time of thoracotomy for resection of an intrathoracic tumor. PMID- 1111942 TI - Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and peripheral lymphocyte counts in patients with advanced cancer. AB - One hundred eighty-three patients with advanced solid neoplasms were tested for their ability to react to four common skin test antigens (tuberculin PPD, streptokinase-streptodornase, mumps, and Monilia) and their ability to develop delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) to 2, 4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). All patients were followed for at least 6 months or until death. Histologic tumor types studied were: melanoma (65), sarcoma (28), squamous cell carcinoma (23), and adenocarcinoma (67). The rate of progression of disease within 6 months of testing was lower in patients who had a positive response to a challenging dose of 50 mug of DNCB. Reactivity to recall antigens had no prognostic value except in patients with adenocarcinomas. Among patients with adenocarcinoma, those who reacted strongly to DNCB and one or more skin test antigens had the best prognosis, while those who were nonreactive to all had the worst prognosis (progression rate: 18% vs. 78%). Peripheral lymphocyte counts were related to the results of DCH to DNCB and skin tests. The preseence or absence of lymphocytopenia (count less than 1000/mm3) had prognostic value in patients who had positive skin test(s). In such patients, the disease progression rate was much higher in patients who were anergic to DNCB and who were lymphocytopenic (90% vs. 40%). These data suggest that DCH to DNCB, recall antigens, and peripheral lymphocyte counts are useful immunologic measurements in patients with advanced cancer. Although the prognostic value of each individual test is relatively limited, the predictive worth can be increased when multiple tests are employed. Pertinent findings reported in the literature are reviewed. PMID- 1111943 TI - The immunologic responsiveness of regional lymphocytes in experimental cancer. AB - This report presents data showing that regional lymph node lymphocytes differ in their immunologic activity from distant lymphocytes and splenic lymphocytes during the initiation and progression of murine mammary adenocarcinoma. Three groups of 100 C3H/He J mice received subcutaneously 10-6 viable tumor cells (I), 10-3 tumor cells (II), or Millipore chambers containing 10-6 viable tumor cells (III). Lymphocytes from different areas in Groups I, II, III, and non-tumor bearing controls were cultured with PHA-P, autologous tumor, or normal C3H/He J breast tissue. In all groups regional lymph node lymphocytes showed the earliest peak response to PHA-P and autologous tumor, while the splenic lymphocyte and distant lymphocyte responses were delayed, especially in Group III. These studies demonstrate the role of the regional lymph node in the initial processing of tumor antigenic information. The development of central immunity appears to be the result of dissemination of immunogenic tumor products. This may be mediated initially by the regional lymph node. PMID- 1111944 TI - Scalene node biopsy in carcinoma of the cervix. Pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. AB - Twenty-eight patients with advanced untreated carcinoma of the cervix had selective pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and a scalene fat pad biopsy to determine the extent of their disease prior to treatment. None of these patients had palpable supraclavicular lymph nodes, but 18 had metastatic cancer in one or more pelvic lymph nodes; in the remaining 10 patients, all lymph nodes were free of metastatic cancer. Of the 18 patients with metastatic cancer in the pelvic lymph nodes, 9 also had metastatic cancer in the para-aortic lymph nodes, and 1 had metastatic cancer in a scalene lymph node. This patient had extensive cervical cancer with positive pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and cancer growing through the posterior culde-sac into the pelvic peritoneum. From this study, it appears that scalene lymph node biopsies are of limited value in evaluating patients with advanced cancer of the cervix. Unless the patient has extensive metastases, scalene lymph nodes rarely contain metastatic cancer. PMID- 1111945 TI - The pathologic behavior of primary vaginal carcinoma and its relationship to cervical cancer. AB - The surgical pathology files at the University of Alabama Medical Center for 1958 through 1973 contain records of 157 cases of vaginal carcinoma. Of the 141 patients on whom complete records are available, 37 had primary and 104 secondary vaginal carcinoma. Only 3 of the primary vaginal malignancies were adenocarcinoma; the rest were epidermoid. The microscopic appearance of these carcinomas was frequently lateral spreading or papillary, but in a few instances the growth pattern was submucosal. Prognosis appeared to be related to the stage of the disease. Vaginal carcinomas associated with cervical cancer clustered either within 1 year or 5 years after the therapeutic treatment. In this paper, the relationship between primary vaginal cancer and cervical cancer is discussed. PMID- 1111946 TI - Dose and treatment factors in radiation-related pericardial effusion associated with the mantle technique for Hodgkin's disease. AB - A retrospective study of 83 patients with Stage I-III Hodgkin's disease treated with an upper mantle field revealed a rate of radiation-related pericardial effusion (RRP) of 28.9% (24/83). Clinical presentation was asymptomatic effusion in 10/24 and symptomatic effusion in 14/24. RRP was self-limited in all but 4 patients, who progressed to chronic effusion requiring pericardiectomy (4/24). A midplane mediastinal dose of 4000 rads in 4 weeks was given with an anteriorly weighted mantle field that resulted in an average pericardial dose of 5325 rads (1823 ret) and an average midplane cardiac dose of 4625 rads (1558 ret). The rate of RRP was correlated with increasing degree of mediastinal Hodgkin's disease. Increased incidence of RRP with increasing cardiac and pericardial dose could not be proven statistically. Factors which may facilitate pericardial effusion following a basic radiation injury are discussed. PMID- 1111947 TI - Documented hyperparathyroidism of thirty-six years' duration. AB - The fascinating history of the first Memorial Hospital patient who was diagnosed as having hyperparathyroidism is reviewed. The illness presented as a cystic mass in a femur in 1929, which was treated with radiation. When the patient was first seen at Memorial Hospital in 1931, the diagnosis of osteitis fibrosa cystica was made; serum calcium was 14 mg/100 ml. In 1932, 6 years after Mandl performed the first parathyroidectomy ever for osteitis fibrosa cystica, this patient's neck was explored, and a right hemithyroidectomy was done, with removal of two normal parathyroid glands. The parathyroid tumor was finally located and partially removed in 1937 after a second failure at neck exploration in 1936. Correspondence between Dr. Edward D. Churchill at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Dr. Bradley Coley at Memorial Hospital indicated the concern at that time about uncontrollable tetany, which had been fatal in some contemporary cases and which had led to the practice of only partially removing the tumor. Following this, the patient was observed with documented hypercalcemia and chemical evidence of hyperparathyrodism until age 79. The physical and chemical abnormalities over the years up to and including her last exam are presented. The case is important not only from the historical viewpoint, but because it lends a perspective to long-term parathyroid disease, which is becoming less appreciated in this day of the routine serum calcium by SMA-12 screening. The question of partial parathyroidectomy for adenoma or hyperplasia is reviewed, and the question of observation of patients with mild hypercalcemia who probably have parathyroid tumors is discussed. PMID- 1111948 TI - Influence of staging celiotomy in localized presentations of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Staging celiotomy was performed in 139 previously untreated patients with lymphogram negative Stage I and II Hodgkin's disease. Sixteen additional patients received definitive radiotherapy for symptomatic relief of upper torso disease prior to abdominal exploration. The overall incidence of positive abdominal findings for these two groups was 34.5% and 31.2%, respectively. Further analysis of the 139 previously untreated cases revealed notable differences in incidence of positive abdominal findings for stage, presentation, and specific histology. Stage I patients with upper cervical or inguinal presentations or a lymphocytic predominance classification had negative celiotomies, as contrasted with a 43% incidence of positive abdominal findings in patients with supraclavicular presentations. In Stage II disease, the incidence of positive findings was related to the status of the mediastinum. For mediastinal presentations, the incidence was 33.3%, as compared to 48% for nonmediastinal presentations. To date, the number of relapses in celiotomy Stage I and II patients has been low regardless of whether or not prophylactic irradiation was administered to the major lymph-node-bearing regions of the upper and lower torso. Of 9 patients with progression, extranodal spread occurred as the first evidence of new disease in 4 patients. The implication of this finding is considered in a discussion on the influence of staging celiotomy in the management of Stage I and II patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1111949 TI - CEA as a monitor of gastrointestinal malignancy. AB - Ninety-four patients with carcinoma of the colon have been followed with serial determinations of plasma CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) levels over a 3-year period using the Hansen assay. Nine hundred twelve CEA determinations have been made in these patients. Plasma CEA levels rose in 90% of the instances of clinical progression documented in these patients. In 30% of patients, this rise indicated progression 6 months or more before it was detected by standard clinical methods. Unfortunately, a few patients never developed elevated CEA levels even though disease clearly progressed. False positive results have also been encountered, with significant elevations occurring in patients who have since remained without evidence of disease for several months. Our data indicate that at least two sequential elevated CEA values, the second being higher, must be a minimal criterion for consideration of possible progression of disease. Even with this standard, we have encountered false positive results in 10% of our patients, indicating recurrence or progression where none has occurred clinically. CEA measurement is of limited usefulness for 30 days after curative surgery, because the elevation of CEA levels due to the original amount of tumor present as well as due to surgery per se may persist for this length of time in a significant number of patients. On the other hand, CEA levels have responded to chemotherapy in close correlation with observed clinical course in those patients with metastatic disease treated in this series. Initial pretherapy CEA values have so far proved to be good prognostic indicators of disease course following complete resection. With an initial CEA value of less than 2.5 ng/ml of plasma, recurrent has been rare (1/20). If the pretreatment CEA was greater than 7.0 ng/ml, it has been the rule (7/9). PMID- 1111950 TI - Primary intestinal lymphoma with paraproteinemia. AB - Five cases of primary intestinal lymphoma are described. The main clinical features included abdominal pain, diarrhea, and marked weight loss, together with radiologic and some laboratory findings suggestive of malabsorption. Laparatomy perfomed in four cases revealed dilatation of the small intestine, with mesenteric node enlargement. In these four instances there was a definite histologic evidence of malignant lymphoma, either initially or later in the course of the disease. A characteristic feature here was the diffuse infiltration of the intestinal mucosa with plasma cells, which in the deeper layers became progressively atypical and were mixed with histiocytes and giant cells. A similar infiltrate was seen in the mesenteric nodes. Immunoelectrophoresis showed the pattern of IgA heavy chain disease. It is suggested that the latter is a variant of primary intestinal lymphoma and not a separate disease entity. PMID- 1111951 TI - The management of abdominal neuroblastoma. AB - Although survival of children with abdominal neuroblastoma seems at this time to be unrelated to the therapeutic effort, a method of management according to the stage of disease has been developed. Seventy-three percent of patients have metastases at the time of diagnosis. Survival is best in children under 1 year of age. Survival by stage of disease drops progressively from 90% in Stage I disease to 2.4% in Stage IV disease. Irradiation therapy seems unrelated to survival in Stage I, II, and IV disease, while chemotherapy has not been shown to alter survival rates in any stage. Surgical removal of the tumor is still the primary therapy; irradiation is of significant benefit in patients with Stage III disease. PMID- 1111952 TI - Other abdominal tumors. AB - The management of cancers of the liver, adrenal cortex, testis, and sacrococcygeal region in children is discussed. Combined treatment methods of surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy was now used for the management of these tumors, with improved survival. PMID- 1111953 TI - The role of the radiologist in the management of the child with a suspected bone tumor. AB - The radiologist's most important task in evaluating lesions of the skeleton is to recognize with a great degree of certainty the post-traumatic and the self limiting and healing tumorous conditions which require neither biopsy nor other surgical treatment. The group of lesions that will need biopsy ranges from those that cannot be absolutely classified in the above group to frankly malignant appearing tumors. The radiologic differential diagnosis of malignant tumors is of lesser importance because this will be performed by the pathologist. Examples are illustrated and discussed. The importance of consultation among surgeon, radiologists, and pathologist is emphasized, particularly to avoid the possibility of misinterpreting immature callus formation as ostegenic sarcoma. PMID- 1111954 TI - The role of diagnostic radiology and radiation therapy in the management of soft tissue sarcomas in children. AB - Soft tissue sarcomas are the fourth most frequent solid tumors in children. They arise at many sites, most frequently in the orbit, head and neck, and pelvis. Diagnostic radiologic studies play an integral role in patient evaluation, allowing direct visualization of the primary lesion, its vascular supply, its direct and regional extensions; of distant metastases; and of anomalies. They aid in staging and selecting treatment, and later, in evaluating results. Radiation therapy is a vital tool in today's multidisciplinary approach. Irradiation has produced a 90% recurrence-free rate, and a 67% cure rate, for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. A similar improvement in local tumor control rates may apply at other primary sites when an adequate dose is delivered to the affected volume. Multidrug chemotherapy programs provide hope for an increased cure rate. Sufficient time has not yet elapsed to judge fully the late anatomical and physiological costs of these more vigorous multidisciplinary treatments. PMID- 1111956 TI - The staging of Hodgkin's disease in children reviewed. AB - The accurate staging of Hodgkin's disease is of greater importance in children than in adults, because the deleterious effects of extensive radiation therapy and of prolonged multiple-agent chemotherapy are of greater significance in this age group. The physician concerned with Hodgkin's disease in children must separate those aspects of developments in this field which are applicable to the pediatric age group from the relatively large adult experience. Isotope scanning is effective in demonstrating disseminated disease in pediatric patients. Lymphangiograms are useful, but are more difficult to perform and to interpret in children. When laparotomy is performed in children with clinical Stage I, II, or III Hodgkin's disease, stage will be altered (upward or downward) in approximately 40% of children subjected to the procedure. As growth retardation, skeletal deformity, and secondary neoplasia follow radiotherapy in children, the major function of the laparotomy is to delineate the extent of the disease and thus define appropriate limitations of therapy. PMID- 1111955 TI - Chemotherapy of primary malignant brain tumors in children. AB - Numerous investigators have reported on a variety of chemotherapeutic agents tested in children suffering from recurrent medulloblastoma, brain stem glioma, and ependymoma, in efforts to improve survival and reduce morbidity. Evaluation of such studies is difficult, because there were rarely more than three or four cases of each tumor type. In medulloblastoma, 5-year survival averages 32%; recurrence follows initial therapy by months to years. The recurrence may be intracranial, spinal, or metastatic, making comparison among cases very difficult. Intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) has been successfully used to treat medulloblastoma, with responses reported in about three-fourths of the cases. Intraventricular MTX is lethal when ventricular obstruction is present. MTX has been less useful in therapy of brain stem glioma and ependymoma. BCNU and CCNU have produced responses in patients with ependymoma, medulloblastoma, and brain stem glioma. Vincristine, alone or in combination, has been useful primarily in medulloblastomas. Less experience is available with several newer methods of chemotherapy, but promising results have been reported with procarbazine, 4' demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-beta-D-thenylidine-glucosede (PTG, VM 26), and high dose intravenous methotrexate with citrovorum rescue. It is likely that only a nationwide cooperative effort will achieve significant improvement in the chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors in children. PMID- 1111957 TI - Hodgkin's disease in children. A retrospective analysis: 1958-73. AB - One hundred nine children with Hodgkin's disease consecutively treated at The Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, during 1958-1973 are reviewed. Crude 5-year survival rates, regardless of stage, were 1958-64--50%; 1965-68--73%; and 1969-73 -95%. The corresponding 5-year relapse-free rates were 19%, 20%, and 57%. This progressive improvement in results was associated with the sequential introduction of lymphography and laparotomy with splenectomy, the change from involved field to extended field irradiation, and the introduction of multiple agent chemotherapy, at first for generalized relapse and recently as elective initial therapy, combined with extended field irradiation for children in advanced stages. PMID- 1111958 TI - Leukemia in childhood: introduction and etiology. AB - Striking improvement in the treatment of certain childhood cancers during the past decade has resulted from a combined multidisciplinary approach utilizing surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy early in the disease process. Early use of long-term combination chemotherapy following deficitive clinical and hematologic staging has resulted in significant "cure" rates in several diseases. The etiology of childhood leukemia remains unknown. Implicated have been viruses, genetic abnormalities leading to increased susceptibility, exposure to various chemicals, and at times obscure hereditary or familial factors. The recurrence of leukemia in donor cells in a leukemic child following bone marrow transplantation is reported for the second time. PMID- 1111959 TI - Biosynthesis of D- and L-glycero-L-galacto-octulose from pentoses and hexoses. AB - D-glycero-L-galacto-Octulose and L-glycero-L-galacto-octulose accumulated when leaves of Kenland red clover (Trifolium pratense) were allowed to imbibe solution of D-gulose or D-xylose and L-mannose or L-arabinose, respectively. The octuloses were isolated and identified by paper chromatography and by oxidative degradations to the corresponding lower sugars. Assignments of the D and L configuration were made on the basis of optical rotation. It is suggested that formation of the octuloses from the hexoses and pentoses is mediated through transketolase and aldolase or transaldolase catalysis, respectively. PMID- 1111960 TI - Ion-exchange chromatography of 2-amino-2,6-dideoxyhexoses and of the methyl ethers of 2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose (quinovosamine) and 2-amino-2,6 dideoxy-D-galactopyranose (fucosamine). PMID- 1111961 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides. V. Preparation of an inorganic support. PMID- 1111962 TI - Isolation of neoagarobiose and neoagarotetraose from agarose digested by Pseudomonas elongata. PMID- 1111963 TI - A conductimetric method for the determination of sulphate and carboxyl groups in heparin and other mucopolysaccharides. PMID- 1111964 TI - 6-Thio and -seleno-beTa-D-glucose esters of dimethylarsinous acid. AB - Syntheses of 2-Se-(1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-N,N dimethylselenopseudourea hydroiodide (3), 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-6-S dimethylarsino-6-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose (4), 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-6-Se dimethylarsino-6-seleno-beta-D-glucopyranose (7), 6-S-dimethylarsino-6-thio-beta D-glucopyranose (5), and 6-Se-dimethylarsino-6-seleno-beta-D-glucopyranose (9) are described. Various spectral properties of the compounds are given. The relative rates of alkaline hydrolysis of 5 and 9 are compared. PMID- 1111965 TI - Some properties of a 'Go' model of the cell cycle; I; Investigation on the possible existence of natural constraints on the theoretical model in steady state conditions. PMID- 1111966 TI - The effect of cytosine arabinoside in vitro on agar colony forming cells and spleen colony forming cells of C57BL mouse bone marrow. PMID- 1111967 TI - Recovery of proliferating haemopoietic progenitor cells after killing by hydroxyurea. PMID- 1111968 TI - Circadian influence on the wave form of the frequency of labeled mitoses in mouse corneal epithelium. PMID- 1111969 TI - Childhood survival in the Bikita Tribal Trust Land. PMID- 1111970 TI - Acute hepatic failure. PMID- 1111971 TI - A case of acute atropine poisoning in infancy. PMID- 1111972 TI - Initial experience with an endemic disease register. Part 1, the system. PMID- 1111973 TI - Pneumococcal meningitis following head injury. PMID- 1111974 TI - Cholera in the Manicaland Province of Rhodesia February to May, 1974. PMID- 1111975 TI - Dose-dependent hyporreactivity to phytohemagglutinin in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1111976 TI - Transfer factor--transfer of tuberculin cutaneous sensitivity in an allogeneic and xenogeneic monkey model. PMID- 1111977 TI - [Disorders of the water-electrolyte balance after surgical treatment of proctocolitis. III. Changes of acid-base equilibrium in patients after colectomy]. PMID- 1111978 TI - [Observation of the lactic acid and pyruvic acid levels in blood in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1111979 TI - [Nutritional ileus]. PMID- 1111980 TI - [Polypoid changes of the duodenum in the x-ray and duodenoscopic picture]. PMID- 1111981 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of primary glaucoma]. PMID- 1111982 TI - [Some new viewpoints in the pathology of glaucoma and early diagnosis of this disease. I. Review of new findings in literature on the problem of glaucoma]. PMID- 1111983 TI - [Some new viewpoints in the pathology of glaucoma and early diagnosis of this disease. II. Conclusions on statistical analysis of the findings from the detection and clinical examinations and interpretation of their mutual relationship in glaucoma]. PMID- 1111984 TI - [Some new viewpoints concerning the pathology of glaucoma and early diagnosis of the disease. III. Importance of new opinions and findings regarding the pathology of glaucoma for the early diagnosis]. PMID- 1111985 TI - [Effect of Oratrol on the dynamics of aqueous humor]. PMID- 1111986 TI - [Fluoroangiographic findings in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 1111987 TI - [Picture of corneal nervous plexus in choroidal melanoblastoma]. PMID- 1111988 TI - [Prognosis of uveal melanoblastomas]. PMID- 1111989 TI - [Keratoconjunctivitis epidemica in the Znojmo district]. PMID- 1111990 TI - [Some unusual fistulae in the anterior cerebral fossa]. PMID- 1111991 TI - [Electronic subtraction and harmonization of the angiographic pictures]. PMID- 1111992 TI - [Anatomical findings of a persistent a. trigeminalis primitiva]. PMID- 1111993 TI - [Side effects in the treatment with L-dopa]. PMID- 1111994 TI - [2-Dimensional echoencephalography]. PMID- 1111995 TI - [Use of some new methods of clinical genetics in neurology]. PMID- 1111996 TI - Manganese amd electrogenic phenomena in canine Purkinje fibers. AB - Studies were performed on canine cardiac Purkinje fibers to evaluate the effects of manganese on membrane electrogenesis. The results indicate that manganese has a calciumlike effect on the excitatory sodium current and inhibitory effects on potassium conductance and slow inward current. The calciumlike effect of manganese on sodium current was reflected through a leftward (toward less negative potentials) and downward shift in the curve relating maximum upstroke velocity to membrane potential. The inhibitory action of manganese on potassium conductance was suggested by the following observations. (1) Manganese caused an initial increase in action potential duration largely due to a lengthening of the plateau and decreases in the rates of phase 3 and terminal repolarization. (2) Manganese increased the rate of diastolic depolarization. (3) Manganes blocked the initial fall in maximum diastolic potential accompanying rapid stimulation. (4) Manganese in high concentrations caused generalized depolarization which was reversed by rapid stimulation and by increased extracellular potassium concentrations. The action of manganese to block slow inward current was indicated by the eventual shortening of the plateau and by the elimination of responses initiated from low levels of membrane potential (less than minus 55 mv). In addition to these effects, manganese also reduced membrane excitability, eliminated arrhythmic beats occurring during low-frequency electrical stimulation, and caused membrane hyperpolarization which was blocked by tetrodotoxin. PMID- 1111997 TI - Static pressure-flow relation in the total systemic vascular bed of the dog and its modification by the baroreceptor reflex. AB - To evaluate arterial baroreceptor reflex control of total systemic vascular resistance, we studied the relation between mean arterial blood pressure (P) and mean aortic flow (Q) before and after the reflex was abrogated. In 12 dogs with a perfusion pump interposed at the vena-caval-right atrial junction, Q was kept at 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 ml/min kg-1 for up to 20 minutes. There was little time dependent change in P at any of these flows. When the reflex was intact, the mean P-Q curve was only slightly convex to the pressure axis; its linearized slope was 0.55 mm Hg-min-kg/ml and its pressure axis intercept was 44 mm Hg. After section of the sinovagal nerves, administration of hexamethonium (30 mg/kg, iv) and norepinephrine (3-5 mug/kg min-1, iv), or both, the slope became 0.96 mm Hg-min kg/ml and the pressure axis intercept was about 3 mm Hg. Similar findings were obtained in 3 closed-chest dogs in which P was servocontrolled and Q was measured. Therefore, we think that the conventional practice of calculating total peripheral resistance as P/Q and evaluating reflex control of it in terms of the changes in that value involves only a small error in the moderately sub -and supranormal flow range. PMID- 1111998 TI - Magnetic determination of the relationship between the S-T segment shift and the injury current produced by coronary artery occlusion. AB - Both the S-T segment shift and the injury current were measured using the direct current magnetocardiogram (d-c MCG) in seven dogs undergoing coronary artery occlusion. The purpose of the measurements was to clarify the origin of the S-T shift in acute ischemia and infarction. Previous measurements, consisting of d-c electrograms recorded from the exposed epicardial surface in situ, are partially inconsistent; also, they are not necessarily representative of the surface electrocardiogram (ECG), which sums broadly over the myocardium. The d-c MCG allows steady myocardial currents in the intact torso to the measured externally; because the d-c MCG sums broadly over these currents, conclusions drawn from it are applicable to the ECG. Coronary artery occlusion was produced by inflating a tube which, about 1 week earlier, had been surgically installed around the artery and exteriorized. During occlusions carried out in the MIT magnetically shielded room, a sensitive magnetometer recorded the d-c MCG at various locations around the torso. Within 20 seconds after occlusion, equal and opposite S-T segment and base-line (d-c) shifts appeared on the d-c MCG; these shifts were maintained for at least 15 minutes, after which they slowly decreased. Therefore, during the acute ischemia produced by these occlusions, the S-T shift is a secondary result of a primary injury current that is interrupted during the S-T interval. PMID- 1111999 TI - Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. VIII. Effects of hematocrit. AB - This study was undertaken in an effort to examine the effects of selective variations in systemic hematocrit on the preglomerular, glomerular, and postglomerular micocirculation in the rat. By isovolemic exchange transfusions, systemic hematocrit (control 51 ml/100 ml) was either reduced (21 ml/100 ml, N equal 7 rats) or elevated (62 ml/100 ml, N equal 7). Single nephron glomerular filtration rate varied inversely and filtration fraction varied directly with the changes in hematocrit. The fall in filtration fraction with decreased hematocrit was due to a decline in the measured glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference and to a marked increased in the initial glomerular plasma flow rate. Afferent (RA)and efferent (RE) arteriolar resistance declined with the fall in hematocrit; RA fell proportionately more than did RE. The rise in filtration fraction with the elevation in hematocrit was due to a marked increase in in part due to a relatively greater rise in RE than in RA. These findings provide an attractive explanation for the general tendency for filtration fraction to vary directly with hematocrit in anemic and polycythemic states in man. PMID- 1112000 TI - Disorders of cellular electrophysiology produced by ischemia of the canine His bundle. AB - In the first 4 hours after occlusion of the anterior septal coronary artery, 18 dogs developed bundle branch block, heart block, or both. The hearts were then excised, and preparations were dissected to expose the His bundle and the bundle branches, which were superfused with modified Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C. In the His bundle and the most proximal bundle branches, resting potentials were reduced and diminutive action potentials had slow upstrokes, often with notches or steps. Action potentials were generated by fibers that had resting potentials between--40 and --50 mv. Conduction was impaired; conduction velocities less than 0.01 m/sec were sometimes observed. In more severely affected cells, refractoriness outlasted repolarization. Encroachment on the prolonged refractory period resulted in further diminution of action potentials and continuous rather than intermittent block. More commonly, the response to rapid rate took the form of intermittent block with progressive conduction delay in the series of conducted beats, culminating in a blocked beat (Wenckebach sequence). There was a fatigue factor that accumulated at short cycle lengths and depressed the action potential. Automaticity was not enhanced, but pacemaker function was abnormal. The threshold potential shifted erratically, and pacemaker potentials sometimes were intermittently diminished, resulting in intermittent failure to propagate. During prolonged superfusion, there was a tendency to recover with a drift of the maximum diastolic potentials toward more negative levels. None of these changes were found in ten hearts excised from dogs in which the coronary artery had not been ligated. PMID- 1112002 TI - Thickenings in the coronary arteries in infancy as an indication of genetic factors in coronary heart disease. AB - In Finland, mortality from coronary heart disease is high, and much higher in the eastern than in the western countries. Both left and right coronary arteries of 141 children who died under one year of age at the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, were investigated. Thirty-two of these children formed a western and 41 an eastern group according to the birthplaces of their grandparents in Finland. Correlations were tested between this geographical distribution and some dimensions of the coronary arteries, as well as other clinical variables. The inner vascular layers of the left coronary arteries were found to be thicker in the eastern group (P less than 0.05 in analysis of variance and P less than 0.01 in regression analysis). No other significant correlations were observed. This association of infants having thick inner vascular layers in the coronary artery with a population group where mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) is very high supports the hypothesis that the thickenings are prearteriosclerotic. The difference found between the arteries of the western and eastern groups might be due to a difference in the vulnerability of the inner vascular wall to extrinsic deleterious factors. The association substantiates the existence of a genetic component in the etiology of CHD and supports the theory that two separate groups of settlers originally colonized Finland. PMID- 1112001 TI - Hemodynamic and humoral characteristics of hypertension induced by prolonged stellate ganglion stimulation in conscious dogs. AB - Recent evidence has suggested that cardiac factors may play a role in the evolution of arterial hypertension. To test the possibility that an increase in cardiac-performance can lead to a sustained increase in systemic blood pressure, we electrically stimulated the left stellate ganglion of six conscious dogs continuously for a 7-day period and monitored cardiac output and arterial blood pressure. In all six dogs, stimulation elicited an abrupt rise in systemic blood pre-sure that was entirely due to rise in cardiac output that lasted at least 6 hours. After 1 day of continuous stimulation, cardiac output retured to control values, but blood pressure remained elevated. After 7 days of stimulation, blood pressure was increased by an average of 25 mm Hg and peripheral resistance by 35 plus and minus 4%. Measurements of blood volume, plasma renin activity, circulating catecholamines (three of the six dogs), and sodium balance showed that none of these factors could explain the development pf this sustained hypertension. Pharmacologic blockade with phenoxybenzamine prevented in large part the rise in blood pressure in short-term stellate ganglion stimulations, whereas propranolol had very little effect on the pressor response, although it nearly abolished the increase in cardiac output. The data indicate that continuous stimulation of the stellate ganglion in conscious dogs leads to substained rises in both blood pressure and peripheral resistance; these changes are apparently mediated by increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 1112003 TI - Demonstration of sustained sinus and atrial re-entry as a mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AB - Electrophysiological studies in five patients with documented (4) or suspected (1) paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), suggested sinus or atrial reentrance (SR or AR). Two of the patients had preexcitation, three had evidence of atrial enlargement, and all had organic heart disease. The following observations supported a diagnosis of SR and AR; 1) induction of sustained PSVT with atrial extrastimulus technique allowing definition of an echo zone; 2) induction of sustained PSVT during constant rapid atrial pacing at a rate less than that producing A-V nodal Wenckebach periods, or producing normalization of QRS complex in patients with pre-excitation: 3) P waves preceding each QRS during PSVT with an A-H interval appropriate for the rate of the PSVT; 4) antegrade P wave morphology during PSVT, a normal high to low sequence of right atrial activation (SR), or P wave morphology and atrial activation sequence different from sinus (AR); 5) lack of correlation of PSVT induction with critical A-H interval. The rates of induced sustained PSVT ranged from 114 to 143 beats/min, and were similar to those observed during spontaneous episodes of PSVT in the four patients. PSVT could be terminated with critically timed extra-stimuli or carotid massage. In conclusion, SR and AR appear to be mechanisms of spontaneous PSVT in man. Rates of SR and AR PSVT tend to be relatively slow. PMID- 1112004 TI - Eectrophysiological observations in pateints with rate dependent bundle branch block. AB - Electrophysiological studies were conducted in 15 patients with tachycardic rate dependent bundle branch block (RDBBB): ten with left, and five with right. No bradycardic RDBBB was observed, despite occurrence of cycle lengths (CL) longer than 1200 msec in over half the patients studied. Onset of RDBBB was abrupt in 13 patients, and gradual in two. In three patients, the CL allowing reversion to normal conduction (once RDBBB was initiated) was 50, 55, and 190 msec longer, respectively, than the CL inducing RDBBB. Bundle brance refractory periods (RP) were measured with atrial extrastimulus technique in five patients. All RP (except one) were prolonged at all tested CL when compared to patients without conduction disease. The expected decrease in RP with shortening of CL did not occur in four of the five patients. The electrophysiological abnormality in patients with DBBB thus appeared to be an increase in refractoriness in the affected bundle branch, along with a loss of the normal decrease in refractoriness with decrease in CL. Similar findings might be demonstrable in patients with early bundle branch disease. PMID- 1112005 TI - Mitral commisurotomy versus replacement. Preoperative evaluation by echocardiography. AB - Echocardiographic studies of the mitral valve were performed in 57 patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis who subsequently underwent surgery (30 commissurotomy, 27 valve replacement). Mitral valve calcification was graded heavy (thick, conglomerate echoes), light (multiple, discrete linear echoes) or none (thin, single or duplicate signals). Valve mobility, measured as the excursion from the systolic closed position to the fully opened position in diastole, was classified as normal (20 mm or over), restricted (16-19 mm) or poor (15 mm or less). Absence of mitral valve caclification was the most useful echocardiographic indicator for commissurotomy (18 of )9 cases. The most reliable criteria for valve replacement were heavy valve calcification (11 of 11 cases) and poor cusp mobility (11 of 11 cases). The poor mobility group included 3 patients with heavily calcified valves. Thus 37 of 57 cases (65%) could be reliably categorized regarding the type of surgery performed using these three parameters. The remaining echocardiographic parameters (normal mobility, restricted mobility and light calcification) were less valuable in the assignment of the operative category. Echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve calcification and mobility appears to be of value in planning the surgical approach in patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis. PMID- 1112006 TI - Echocardiography of the tricuspid valve in congenital left ventricular-riht atrial communication. AB - Two patients, ages 14 and 18, with congenital left ventricular-right atrial communication through a defect in the tricuspid valve were studied by echocardiography. Proof was obtained by angiocardiography and surgery in one and ultrasonic contrast injection and angiocardiography in the other. Both presented clinically as uncomplicated ventricular septal defects. Echocardiography consistently demonstrated a high frequency, low amplitude flutter of the tricuspid valve in systole and none in diastole. Following surgical correction of the defect in one patient, there was complete disappearance of the systolic flutter. Systolic flutter has not been observed with tricuspid incompetence nor with other forms of ventricular septal defects. Fistulous communication from the aorta to the right atrium just above the tricuspid valve did not demonstrate systolic flutter in one patient studies. Tricuspid valve systolic flutter appears to be caused by the passage of the left ventricular jet blood into the right atrium through a defect in the tricuspid valve. Echocardiographic study of the tricuspid valve is of value in the recognition of the congenital left ventricular right atrial communication. PMID- 1112007 TI - Echographic assessment of atrial transport, mitral movement, and ventricular performance following electroversion of supraventricular arrhythmias. AB - Controversy attends the extent and temporal sequence of improvements in hemodynamic function resulting from the return of atrial contraction following cardioversion of supraventricular arrhythmias. Thus, mitral, left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) echograms were obtained before and one hour after conversion of supraventricular arrhythmias to normal sinus rhythm by direct current countershock in patients with chronic coronary disease or cardiomyopathies without valvular dysfunction. The duration of the rhythm disturbance varied from one day to five years in 22 patients and was indeterminate in 13. Atrial systole immediately produced prominent mitral "A" waves with anterior valve excursion of 7.5 mm (range 3 to 12) in 33 of the 35 patients (94%). The two patients with atrial electromechanical dissociation reverted to atrial fibrillation within one week. Cardioversion caused a decline in LA diameter (3.5 to 3.2 cm, P less than .001) and a rise in LV end-diastolic dimension (5.2 to 5.5 cm, P less than .001) while LV end-systolic dimension was unchanged (4.2 cm). Thereby stroke volume rose. Heart rate fell an average of 16 beats/min. Depressed cardiac output was improved + 0.84 L/min/m-2. Thus, in the majority of patients with acute or chronic supraventricular arrhythmias without mitral valve disease, cardioversion promptly restores effective atrial contraction, decreases LA size, and results in substantial hemodynamic benefit. PMID- 1112008 TI - Echocardiographic observations on the mechanism of production of the second heart sound. AB - This investigation was designed to determine the echocardiographic correlates of the aortic and pulmonary components of the second heart sound. Simultaneous recordings of the ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and the echocardiogram of the aortic valve were made in 54 patients. The tracings were recorded at a paper speed of 100 mm/sec, with 20 msec time lines. Aortic valve closure (AVC) on the echocardiogram occurred before the onset of the aortic component of the second heart sound (A2) in all but two patients. The mean AVC-to A2 interval was 12 msec with a range of 5 to 25 msec. Simultaneous recordings of the pulmonary valve echocardiogram, ECG, phonocardiogram and carotid pulse tracing were made in 14 patients. Pulmonary valve closure (PVC) on the echocardiogram preceded the pulmonary component of the second sound (P2) in all patients. The mean PVC-2 interval was 60 msec with a range of 30 to 75 msec. We conclude that aortic valve closure and pulmonary valve closure are not directly responsible for the genesis of the second heart sound (S2). These observations are consonant with the theory that S2 is caused by deceleration of columns of blood resulting from semilunar valve closure, throwing the cardiohemic system into vibration. PMID- 1112009 TI - Echographic determination of left ventricular volumes in pediatric patients. AB - The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of determining left ventricular (LV) volumes by echocardiography in infants and children. Thirty-one patients between the ages of two months and 15 years underwent left ventriculography (biplane antero-posterior and lateral cine). Ventricular volumes using an ellipsoidal model were calculated for end diastole from the cineangiograms. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.856) between the echographic minor dimension (Be) and the minor lateral cine dimension (Bc) at end diastole. A similar correlation (r = 0.889) existed between the LV volume in end diastole measured by cineangiography and Be. The correlation coefficient between the echo minor dimension and the lateral minor cine dimension in end systole was 0.753. A relation between ejection fraction (EF) and the echo minor dimension measurements in end diastole and end systole was formulated, which permitted estimation of the EF from the echo measurements. As a result of this study, it was concluded that the LV minor dimension can be measured reliably by echocardiography in children and from these measurements LV volumes, ejection fraction, and hence, stroke volume can be estimated. PMID- 1112010 TI - Measurement of right and left ventricular systolic time intervals by echocardiography. AB - One of the noninvasive methods of evaluating left ventricular performance is the measurement of left ventricular systolic time intervals (LVSTI). However, noninvasive measurement of right ventricular systole by this technique has been unreliable because of the inability to accurately time the onset of right ventricular ejection. Excellent correlation of LVSTI measured from the carotid pulse and those determined from the echocardiogram was demonstrated in 15 patients. STI of the right ventricle (RVSTI) were measured in a similar fashion from the pulmonary valve echo in 11 normal children. Right ventricular ejection time (RVET) was longer than left ventricular injection time (LVET). Right ventricular pre-ejection period and RPEP was shorter than left ventricular pre ejection period (LPEP). In 15 children with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) the situation was reversed. RVET was shortened and RPEP was prolonged as the right ventricle contracted against systemic resistance; whereas, the LVET lengthened and LPEP shortened with ejection into a low pressure pulmonary circuit. Our studies in a total of 41 patients indicate the accurate, noninvasive measurement of right, as well as left, ventricular STI can be obtained with the use of echocardiography. PMID- 1112011 TI - A comparison of systolic time intervals derived from the central aortic pressure and from the external carotid pulse tracing. AB - In 26 patients a direct comparison was made of systolic time intervals derived from the right and left external carotid pulse tracing and from the central aortic pressure, simultaneously recorded by means of a catheter-tip micromanometer. In addition, the delay time (required for pulse wave transmission to the neck) of the upstroke (DUEC) and incisura (DIEC) of the external carotid pulse tracing was studied. The influence of changes in heart rate on these intervals was evaluated by right atrial pacing. At resting frequencies DUEC exceeded DIEC by 4 to 4.5 msec (P less than 0.005). Increasing heart rate did not influence DUEC but prolonged DIEC. Differences between DUEC and DIEC were associated with a decrease and reversal with increasing heart rate (tau = 0.52, on the right carotid pulse; tau = 0.65, on the left pulse). Internally and externally measured left ventricular ejection time and pre-jection period were strongly correleated. Significant differences in absolute values were also observed. Whether these differences were positive or negative was dependent on heart rate. At rest external left ventricular ejection time was 4 to 4.5 msec (P less than 0.005) shorter, external pre-ejection period 5.5 to 6 msec (P less than 0.005) longer than corresponding intervals measured internally. At heart rates above plus or minus 100 beats/min the relationships were reversed. No significant differences could be demonstrated between these intervals measured on the right and left external carotid pulse. PMID- 1112012 TI - The apical A wave versus the fourth heart sound in assessing the severity of aortic stenosis. AB - The height of the "a" wave of the apexcardiogram was evaluated as a marker for critical aortic stenosis in patients over 40. Critical aoritc stenosis was defined as an aortic valve area less than .75 cm-2 with no more than mild aortic insufficiency. Phonocardiograms and apexcardiograms were performed on 72 patients with catheterization proven aortic stenosis and on 14 normal controls, all over age 40. The height of the "a" wave of the apexcardiogram was measured as a percentage of the e to o excursion (a/e-o). Fourth heart sound gallops ( S4G) were recorded in 71% (11 of 14) of normal controls, 86% (6 of 7) of patients with less than critical aortic stenosis, and 85% ( 55 of 65) of patients with critical aortic stenosis. The a/e-o was less than 16% in all normals or patients with less than critical aortic stenosis. The a/e-o exceeded 16% in 45% (29 of 65) with critical aortic stenosis. Audibility of the S4G bore no relationship to recordability, apical "a" wave geight, or the severity of the aortic stenosis. In conclusion, therefore, we believe that when one is confronted with findings suggestive of aortic stenosis, the finding of a palpable apical "a" wave (or an "a" wave height of greater than 16% of the total complex on the apexcardiogram) is an important positive feature, suggesting severe aortic stenosis. Its absence, however, does not exclude severe valvar obstruction. Probably because of auscultatory inaccuracy in this condition, the apparent presence or absence of an S4G has not been of much aid in this evaluation. This sound, however, might be more useful in a carefully performed prospective study. PMID- 1112013 TI - Clinical use of sodium nitroprusside in chronic ischemic heart disease. Effects on peripheral vascular resistance and venous tone and on ventricular volume, pump and mechanical performance. AB - Although hemodynamic benefit has been shown with sodium nitroprusside (NP) in acute coronary pump failure, complete understanding of the mechanisms of action of the agent on the cardiocirculation and its value in chronic ventricular dysfunction are lacking. This investigation evaluates the effects of NP on the systemic and regional arterial and venous beds and on cardiac dynamics, ventricular volumes, contractile state and myocardial energetics in long-standing congestive heart failure. Twelve patients with chronic coronary pump dysfunction received NP infusion to lower systolic pressure to 95-105 mm Hg. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed directly by angiographic volumes and high fidelity pressure, and peripheral circulatory dynamics were determined simultaneously by forearm arterial and venous plethysmography. NP reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 88.2 to 73.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.05) and significantly (P less than 0.05) enhanced the variables of LV performance: LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) diminished from 18.5 to 9.9 mm Hg; ejection fraction rose from 0.47 to 0.55; percent of LV segmental shortening increased; and isovolumic and ejection indices of contractility improved. Concomitantly, NP reduced the indices of myocardial oxygen demands of ventricular tension time index and LVED volume index. These salutary effects on LV performance and energetics occurred secondary to peripheral arterial and venous dilation (P less than 0.05) produced by NP: total systemic vascular resistance was lowered from 1590 to 1310 dynes sec cm--5; forearm vascular resistance diminished from 46 to 37 mm Hg/ml/100 gm/min; and forearm venous tone fell from 14.2 to 10.1 mm Hg/cc. Depressed stroke index (SI) and cardiac index (CI) increased (P less than 0.05) with NP: despite the fall in LVEDP, when ventricular filling pressures with the agent were at levels slightly above normal. Dextran infusion given with NP to restore LVEDP to moderately elevated values increased SI and CI (P less than 0.05) when NP alone produced no change in stroke output. Thus, the peripheral vasodilator properties of nitroprusside improve LV function by reducing impedance to ventricular ejection, while MVO2 is diminished by decreasing LV preload and afterload through relaxing actions PMID- 1112014 TI - Transfemoral plug closure of patent ductus arteriosus. Experiences in 61 consecutive cases treated without thoracotomy. AB - We successfully closed the isolated patent ductus arteriosus in 58 of 61 consecutive patients using the transfemoral-catheter method originally introduced by Porstmann in 1968. To perform this technique more safely and reliably, some instrumental and technical improvements were made. The indications for this method have been expanded to include the cylindrical or window-type ductus as well as the conical-shaped ductus. Classification into three groups of the configuration of the ductus by angiography has been useful in selecting the shape of the closing plug. Whenever feasible, we consider the catheter technique to be the method of choice to close the ductus. PMID- 1112015 TI - Hemodynamic features of prolapsing and nonprolapsing left atrial myxoma. AB - In the course of the evaluation of five patients with left atrial myxoma, it was noted that the movement of the myxoma was related to specific changes in left atrial hemodynamics. Prolapsing tumors, Type I, move from the left ventricle to the left atrium in early systole and from the left atrium to the left ventricle in early diastole, thereby causing prominent c and v waves accompanied by a rapid y descent. Nonprolapsing tumors, Type II, remain in the left atrium during the entire cardiac cycle, impeding flow across the mitral valve. In these latter cases, the y descent is slow and indistinguishable from that caused by mitral valvular stenosis. The cineangiocardiograms and echocardiograms corroborate these two types of hemodynamic observations. The particular value of direct echocardiographic examination of the left atrium prior to cardiac catheterization was evident in two of the three patients with nonprolapsing tumors. Since the hemodynamic pattern of nonprolapsing left atrial myxoma resembles that of mitral valvular stenosis, it is stressed that echocardiography should have an important place in precatheterization assessment of patients with mitral valve disease. If left atrial myxoma is suspected clinically or on the basis of echocardiographic findings, regardless of the pressure curve contours, transseptal cardiac catheterization should be avoided and the left atrium visualized by pulmonary angiography levophase. PMID- 1112017 TI - Predictive implications of stress testing. Follow-up of 2700 subjects after maximum treadmill stress testing. AB - Follow-up data on 2700 subjects who had had maximum stress tests were assembled in life tables. A positive test, characterized by ST-segment depression of 1.5 mm, 0.08 sec from the J point, predicted an incidence of some new coronary event of 9.5% a year, as compared with 1.7% in those with a negative test. The incidence of infarction and death was also significantly higher than in the negative responders. Early onset of ischemia occurring at moderate exercise (4 metabolic equivalents-METS) resulted in an incidence of all coronary events of 15% a year, while ischemia first manifested at the seventh minute of exercise (approximately 8 METS) results in an incidence of only 4% per year. The magnitude of ST depression and the age of onset of ischemia failed to influence the incidence of coronary events. A myocardial infarction previous to the test increased the incidence of events in both positive and negative responders. The positives with a previous infarction had more than double the incidence of coronary events than the positive responders with no pre-existing infarction. Those with chronotropic incompetence had a high incidence of coronary events even though the ECG response to exercise was normal. PMID- 1112016 TI - Platelet survival time following aortic valve replacement. AB - Thromboembolism continues to complicate the course of patients following aortic valve replacement. In patients with prosthetic and homograft mitral valves, platelet survival time has been shown to correlate with occurrence of thromboembolism. This study extends these observations to patients with aortic valve disease. Platelet survival time was measured (by the chromium-51 method) in 73 patients with aortic valve disease. Eighteen patients were studied preoperatively and had platelet survival times of 3.4 plus or minus 0.14 days (mean plus or minus standard error of the mean), almost the same as normal (3.7 plus or minus 0.4 days). Platelet survival time was shortened (P less than 0.001) following aortic valve replacement with Starr-Edwards prosthesis - Model 1000: 2.5 plus or minus 0.13 days (N = 6); Model 1200-1260: 3.0 plus or minus 0.10 (n = 14); model 2300-2320: 3.0 plus or minus 0.15 days (N = 9) - and with stented aortic homografts: 3.0 plus or minus 0.10 days (N = 16). Platelet survival time was normal following aortic valve replacement in patients with directly sewn aortic homografts 3.7 dats plus or minus 0.24 days (N = 10). Eleven patients with Starr-Edwards prostheses had a history of thromboembolism and all also showed shortened platelet survival time (2.7 plus or minus 0.12 days, P less than 0.001), a measurement which was significantly different (P less than 0.01) from the 18 patients with Starr-Edwards prostheses and no thromboembolism (3.0 plus or minus 0.09 days). Platelet suppressant therapy prolonged platelet survival in eight patients with Starr-Edwards devices, thromboembolism, and shortened platelet survival time. These results suggest that insertion of Starr-Edwards valves and stented aortic homografts alter platelet survival time but that direct homografts do not. A correlation between occurrence of thromboembolism after aortic valve replacement and shortened platelet survival time has been shown. PMID- 1112018 TI - Learned control of blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure. AB - Five patients with documented histories of essential hypertension of at least ten years' duration participated in a triphasic study of training to control systolic blood pressure (SBP). Phase 1 was a seven week period during which patients took their BP (systolic and diastolic) at home and mailed these data to us daily. Phase 2 was a three week period during which patients were taught to control SBP using a noninvasive technique: patients were trained to raise, to lower and to alternately lower and raise SBP. Phase 3 was a three month period during which patients again took their BP at home and mailed these data to us daily. RESULTS: (1) all patients learned SBP control: average increas 15%; average decrease 11%; (2) during SBP control heart rates, breathing rates, triceps brachii muscle tension and EEG activity did not change; (3) follow-up tests at one and three months showed evidence of retained SBP control; (4) baseline SBP fell from 153 mm Hg during laboratory training to 135 mm Hg at the three month follow-up; (5) phase 3 home BPs fell 18/8 mm Hg from phase 1 levels; (6) at home patients also were able to reduce SBP from 141 mm Hg (average) to 125 mm Hg (average) by means of the lowering technique learned in the laboratory. PMID- 1112019 TI - De subitaneis mortibus. X. Familial congential heart block. AB - Complete heart block was found shortly after birth in a brother and sister (not twins). Both were treated by electronic pacing because of symptoms attributable to inadequate cardiac output and electrical instability of heart. The boy has done well with his artificial pacemaker and is now six years old. His sister died of complications due in part to the large size of her pacemaker and small size of her body. At necropsy special studies of her heart included the centers for normal impulse formation and concuction. The primary abnormalities were at the junction of atrial septum with atrioventricular (A-V) node, and at the origin of the two bundle branches from the His bundle. The A-V node was isolated by collagen at all its margins except its junction with the His bundle. The proximal His bundle was essentially normal, but from that point on through the initial protions of both the left and right bundle branches there was extensive caseous degeneration which interrupted any possible conduction. These findings are discussed in relation to fetal and postnatal development of the human A-V node, and the His bundle and its branches; and in the context of a recently observed mathematical relationship between sinus rate and two forms of experimentally produced A-V junctional escape rhythms. PMID- 1112020 TI - The deceptive aortic root. AB - Coronal, horizontal, and sagittal sections through the mid-line are excellent ways of depicting the anatomical position of the aortic root and for studying its topographical relationship to the surrounding vascular structures. Minimal radiographic abnormalities or no abnormalities at all may be present with an enlarged ascending portion of the thoracic aorta. Thus, frontal chest roentgenograms obtained with high kilovoltage, fluoroscopy and left anterior oblique projections should be utilized routinely for the evaluation of the ascending aorta. Calcification of the aortic valve and of the coronary arteries and the study of aortic valve prosthesis also demand a dynamic study and the use of complementary views, such as lateral and both oblique projections. PMID- 1112021 TI - Letter: Techniques of measuring regional wall motion. PMID- 1112022 TI - Letter: Postoperative myocardial infarction. PMID- 1112023 TI - Letter: Estimating collateral circulation. PMID- 1112024 TI - Drug screening by enzymatic immunoassay with the centrifugal analyzer. PMID- 1112025 TI - Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality form chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations. AB - Sodium, potassium, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and osmolality were determined for 715 hospital-patient sera. The chemical concentrations were used to calculate osmolalities according to 13 different methods taken from the literature. The goodness of the comparison between calculated and measured osmolality was quite similar for several of the better methods. The aggreement was unimproved when molal chemical concentrations were used instead of molar values. The difference between measured and calculated osmolality was unrelated to whether a patient was discharged from the hospital after a short or long period or ultimately died. The equation we found to yield the most accurately calculated osmolalities is Osmolality = 1.86 Na + (Glu/18) + - (BUN/2.8) + 9. PMID- 1112026 TI - Immunochemical determination of serum albumin with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - The turbidity resulting from the reaction between albumin and specific anti-human serum was measured with a good precision by using a GEMSAEC centrifugal analyzer. The reaction was enhanced by polyethylene glycol to shorten the reaction time (5 min) and to displace the point of equivalence between antigen and antibody to an albumin concentration unlikely to occur in human sera (about 100 g/liter). An additional program for the computer was necessary to fit the absorbance readings of individual sera to the nonlinear standard curve. Serum albumin values obtained by the described method correlated well with values obtained by the electro immuno-technique. About 100 samples could be analyzed per hour, 500 mul of 100 fold diluted antiserum being used per specimen. PMID- 1112027 TI - Kinetic equations and error analysis for the cholesterol--sulfuric acid reaction. PMID- 1112028 TI - Routine radioimmunoassay of plasma testosterone, and results for various endocrine disorders. AB - We describe a modification of published methods for radioimmunoassay of plasma testosterone. This simpler method involves no chromatographic steps, and the necessary reagents, including tritiated testosterone and testosterone anti-serum, are commercially available. A digital computer is used for the calculation. Without difficulty, a technician can complete 100 assays in three working days. Mean testosterone concentrations (plus or minus 2 SD) in the plasmas of 21 normal men and 26 women with a normal menstrual cycle were 684 plus or minus 300 and 45 plus or minus 20 ng/dl, respectively. Within- and between-assay precision (coefficient of variation) were 5.2% (n = 29) and 6.7% (n = 26), respectively. We have assayed more than 1000 samples during the past year. We give data on the concentrations of testosterone in plasma of patients with various endocrine disorders. PMID- 1112029 TI - Letter: Expressing enzyme results. PMID- 1112030 TI - Effects on radioimmunoassay of digoxin of varying incubation periods for antigen- -antibody reaction and varying periods of absorption by dextran-coated charcoal. AB - In radioimmunoassay of digoxin by the dextran-coated charcoal method, duration of the incubation period for the antigen-antibody reaction and time allowed for dextran-coated charcoal to absorb the free antigen are critical factors. We compared effects of prolonged periods of absorption on results obtained with five commercial kits. In all cases, the digoxin concentrations increased linearly with absorption time, but the increase varied among kits. Kallestad and New England Nuclear 3h-kits and the Squibb 125I-kit showed less increase (i.e., gave relatively consistent results after various periods of absorption); the Schwarz/Mann 125i-kit and Clinical Assays 3h-kit showed greater increases. Precautionary steps are outlined for radioimmunoassays by this technique. PMID- 1112031 TI - Theory of photometric errors applied to the design and evaluation of a high performance filter photometer. AB - We have applied a comprehensive theory of photometric errors to the design and evaluation of an inexpensive stabilized photometer. The photometer is described in terms of a group of modules, the characteristics of which are described in terms of their effect on specific error coefficients. Procedures described in this paper show how the principles described earlier [Clin, Chem. 20, 1028 (1974)] can be used to optimize the design of new instrumentation. Chemical data are included to verify the agreement between predicted and experimental results. PMID- 1112032 TI - Presence of carotenoids in the erythrocyte membranes of carotenemic and noncarotenemic individuals. AB - Erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes obtained from carotenemic (serum carotene greater than 4.0 mg/liter) and noncarotenemic individuals contain a small amount of carotenoid pigments. The principal pigment isolated from erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes from carotenemic individuals cochromatographed with, and has an absorption spectrum similar to, authentic beta-carotene. Traces of beta carotene were also found in the extracts of the erythrocytes and membranes obtained from the noncarotenemic individuals. These pigments were demonstrable only when the erythrocytes were extracted in the presence of an anti-oxidant (pyrogallol). Anti-oxidants should be used in the extraction and saponification process when only small samples are available or when only small amounts of carotenoid pigments are present in the material to be extracted. PMID- 1112033 TI - Lecithin---sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid, as assessed by a modified thin layer chromatographic method in which a commercial pre-coated plate is used. AB - Commercially available pre-coated thin-layer chromatographic plates consisting of silica gel supported on aluminum sheets were used to determine the lecithin sphingomyelin ration in samples of amniotic fluid. These lipids were separated in chloroform-methanol-water (65:25:4 by vol) solvent system (lecithin Rf = 0.33; sphingomyelin, Rf = 0.25), and the spots were made visible in 5-15 min by heating to 180 degrees C after spraying with a solution of copper acetate (30 g/liter) in aqueous phosphoric acid (80 g/liter). The lipids were measured densitometrically after "peeling off" the adsorbent containing the spots by using a transparent cellulose ("Scotch brand") adhesive tape. Virtues of the original Gluck procedure are retained without need to heat the plates to 280 degrees C after spraying with corrosive aqueous sulfuric acid (698 g/liter) to make the lipids visible. Results for synthetic mixtures in concentrations within the physiological range and with a ratio of 0.5 to 3.0 showed an accuracy of 99% pluss or minus 7% (SD.). PMID- 1112034 TI - Evaluation of the Corning 940 Calcium Titator for use with serum and urine. AB - The Corning 940 Titrator, which measures total calcium concentration by titration with [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid, was evaluated for use in hospital laboratory. Calcium values for patients' sera were about 0.3 mg/dl lower as measured with the Titrator than with the Technicon SMA 12/60 continuous-flow analyzer. A similar bias was evident when the results with the Titrator were compared with those from atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Agreement was better in the low range and worse in the high range. Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation on the Titrator were about 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. We saw no interference from magnesium, phosphorus, bilirubin, or in the presence of lipemia. At extremely increased hemoglobin concentrations (500 mg/dl), there is a 5% inhibition. Titrator results for patients' urine samples correlated closely (n = 0.999) with those obtained with the SMA 12/60. PMID- 1112035 TI - Depressed apparent creatine kinase activity in sera with abnormally high alkaline phosphatase activity. PMID- 1112036 TI - Letters: Depressed apparent creatine kinase activity in sera with abnormally high alkaline phosphatase activity. PMID- 1112037 TI - Letter: Evaluation of an iodine-125 digoxin radioimmunoassay kit. PMID- 1112038 TI - Letter: What upper limit of creatine kinase activity defines disease? PMID- 1112039 TI - Some nonparametric statistical tests for quick evaluation of clinical data. AB - Some rapid statistical tests give (a) rapid answers on how well methods agree and control chart evaluation (sign and run tests) and (b) evaluation of distribution of test results (Tukey's quick test and run test). These tests mainly require counting of data and the use of the given nomograms. An unusual distribution of patient test values--that is, unusual when compared with the generally observed distribution of the data seen in a particular laboratory--may indicate laboratory error, alteration of specimens (as from poor collection and/or storage techniques, such as evaporation), or an unusual patient population. PMID- 1112040 TI - Statistical evaluation of method-comparison data. AB - Comparison of two methods for determining a substance is a common procedure in clinical chemistry. Almost without exception, normal theory statistics are used with the tacit assumption that the data under test show gaussian distributions. Experience has led us to question this assumption for populations of differences between values obtained by two methods applied to common samples and for populations of paired values for each method as used in correlation analysis. Data are presented from our laboratory to illustrate these points, as well as an examination of data from relevant papers that appeared in this journal from 1968 through 1973. These examples indicate that incorrect interpretation of results because of insufficient attention to non-gaussian distribution is a real and present danger. We present a systematic approach to the statistical aspect of comparing methods that enables one to avoid this problem. PMID- 1112041 TI - The impact of laboratory error on the normal range: a Bayesian model. AB - Interpretation of clinical laboratory results, aside from clinical considerations, is based on the probability of the result being within a given normal range. This probability is influenced by the degree of error inherent in the analytical method. It would be advantageous to assign a more definite probability to the result of the measurement by combining the error distribution of the result around the true value and the distribution of the healthy population that serves as a reference. Bayesian statistics permits the revision of this prior information into a single probability. PMID- 1112042 TI - Automated differentiation and measurement of hexosaminidase isoenzymes in biological fluids and its application to pre- and postnatal detection of Tay Sachs disease. AB - Three hexosaminidase (EC 3.2. 1.52) isoenzymes other than isoenzymes A and B in body fluids have been separated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. By inserting a microcolumn into a continuous-flow system for automated, fluorometric hexosaminidase analysis [Clin. Chem. 20, 538 (1974)], samples eluted with buffered-NaCl gradients can be continuously monitored. Isoenzyme patterns were obtained for fluids from normal individuals, pregnant women, Tay-Sachs disease carriers, pregnant carriers, and patients with the disease. These chromatograms revealed a hitherto undetected isoenzyme (I-3) in serum. An increase in serum hexosaminidase isoenzyme I-2 (or P) during pregnancy is characteristic of a carrier pattern. Our data show that serum and urinary hexosaminidase isoenzyme patterns may be used in addition to leukocyte analysis, to distinguish a pregnant carrier from a normal pregnant woman. All fluids tested demonstrated no isoenzyme A activity and above-normal activity of isoenzymes B and (or) I-2 in homozygotes. Urine is preferred fluid for postnatal and amniotic fluid for the prenatal diagnosis of the disease. Quantitative data on isoenzyme A obtained with the procedure described here agree well with those obtained by heat and pH-inactivation methods. PMID- 1112043 TI - Comparison of human pancreatic and parotid amylase activities on different substrates. AB - The specific activities of highly purified preparations of human parotid and pancreatic amylase on several different soluble and insoluble starches were compared. The ratio of parotid to pancreatic activity varied with the physical nature of the substrate. With all soluble starches, irrespective of source, parotid amylase exhibited a higher specific activity than did pancreatic amylase; the reverse was true for an insoluble chromogenic starch (Amylose Azure). The variation in enzyme-substrate interaction supports previous indications of configurational differences between the two amylases. The observed organ-specific characteristics according to organ of origin may have value in determining relative parotid and pancreatic amylase activities in body fluids under normal and pathological conditions, thereby helping to clarify their functional and clinical significance. PMID- 1112044 TI - Determination of orotic and dihydroorotic acids in biological fluids and tissues. AB - In commonly used procedures for colorimetric assay of orotic acid in biological materials, certain substances interfere, positively or negatively. Some that interfere negatively are ornithine, cysteine, citrulline, tyrosine, proline, hydroxyproline, and polyamines. Protein and interfering agents are easily removed by first isolating the total organic acid fraction. The orotic acid in this fraction can then be determined by an established colorimetric procedure. A rapid liquid-liquid column-chromatographic procedure is described, if analysis of both dihydroorotic and orotic acid is required. PMID- 1112045 TI - Interlaboratory comparison of enzymatic methods for serum glucose determination. AB - This report describes an interlaboratory comparison of enzymatic serum glucose methods as currently applied in several instrumental adaptations. Four spectrophotometric, hexokinase-based methods used with the Du Pont "aca," the Abbott "Bichromatic Analyzer," the Aminco "Rotochem," and the Technicon "AutoAnalyzer ll" were compared with glucose oxidase-based methods as used with the Beckman "Glucose Analyzer" and the "AutoAnalyzer ll." We analyzed both normal samples and samples that contained potential interfering substances or were otherwise abnormal. Although all methods were satisfactorily precise, methodological bias was noted in several cases, particularly with abnormal specimens. The hexokinase-based methods were generally more variable. The most consistent data were obtained from the two glucose oxidase methods and the Du Pont aca. Results of this study comprise part of the background information required for development of an accurate glucose reference method under the auspices of the AACC Standards Committee. PMID- 1112046 TI - Standardizing 125I sources and determing 125I counting efficiencies of well-type gamma counting systems. AB - I describe the technique for determining the absolute decay rate of any 125I source. The problems of varying counting efficiency, varying sample geometry, and extended sources are discussed. By using the calibrated 125I source, the counting efficiency of the given counting system was obtained. PMID- 1112047 TI - Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and chromatography on DEAE-sephadex A-50 compared in the estimation of creatine kinase isoenzymes. AB - We have compared two methods for separating the isoenzymes of creatine kinase in serum and measuring their activity: chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50, with both continuous and discontinuous gradient elution, and electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Results by continuous and discontinuous gradient elution correlated well both for tissue extracts and sera. Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate is evidently less sensitive than the chromatographic method for detecting and measuring low activities of the isoenzyme designated MB. We describe how the isoenzymes may be separated by discontinuous gradient elution from microcolumns of the Sephadex and their activity rapidly quantitated by the Rosalki method [J. Lab. Clin. Med. 69, 696 (1967)], with a centrifugal analyzer. PMID- 1112048 TI - Comparison of clinical assays for serum corticosteroids. AB - We compared results obtained by (a) chemical (spectrophotometric) and competitive protein-binding assays for serum corticosteroids, and (b) competitive protein binding and radioimmunoassay, with and without CCI-4 extraction, for serum cortisol. The two corticosteroid methods gave identical results. Radioimmunoassay with and without a CCI-4 extraction step gave identical results for cortisol. Competitive protein-binding assays for cortisol (with and without CCI-4 extraction) and radioimmunoassay for cortisol gave similar results. Specimens with above-normal corticosterone or 11-deoxycortisol concentrations are an exception: only methods that included CCI-4 extraction gave correct values for cortisol; methods without such an extraction step overestimated cortisol. The normal serum corticosteroid concentration (mean plus or minus SD) was 175 plus or minus 53 mug/liter for morning specimens, and 103 plus or minus 40 mug/liter for specimens collected in the afternoon. For cortisol, the corresponding values were 162 plus or minus 44 and 82 plus or minus 29 mug/liter. PMID- 1112049 TI - Separation of creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum by ion-exchange column chromatography (Mercer's method, modified to increase sensitivity). AB - We describe our experience with Mercer's method [Clin. Chem. 20, 36 (1974)] for separating isoenzymes of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) in serum by ion-exchange chromatography. By using diethylaminoethyl cellulose rather than diethylaminoethyl Sephadex in the column and by changing the ionic strength of the eluting buffer, we could detect a significant proportion of the MB isoenzyme of serum creatine kinase at normal activities of creatine kinase in serum, even in the absence of cardiac disease. PMID- 1112050 TI - Improved biuret procedure for routine determination of urinary total proteins in clinical proteinuria. AB - This communication describes and evaluates an improved routine methodology for quantitating clinical proteinuria. Based on investigations of Piscator and of Savory et al., a modified Tsuchiya's reagent (ethanolic HCI-phosphotungstic acid) is used to precipitate proteins at 56 degrees C, followed by biuret spectrophotometry at 540 nm. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was assessed by comparisons with results obtained by using an ultrafiltration membrane that retains solutes with an average molecular weight in excess of 10 000 for separating of urinary proteins before they are measured with the biuret reaction. Precision of the method (coefficient of variation) is typically 2-3%. PMID- 1112051 TI - Effect of albumin on serum digoxin radioimmunoassays. AB - The use of certain commerically available radioimmunoassay kits for measurement of digoxin results in errors in the determined digoxin concentration of patients when these kits are used according to manufacturers' directions. One factor that is, in part, responsible for these errors is a difference between standards and samples with respect to albumin concentration. Three of the four kits investigated showed a significant inverse relationship between the albumin concentration in the sample and the binding of radiolabeled digoxin by its antibody when the albumin concentration was varied over an extended range. It is apparent, however, that differences in albumin concentration do not completely explain the observed variations in the assay values. PMID- 1112052 TI - Use of nucleic acid hybridization for specific detection of submicrogram quantities of DNA, and its application to human plasma. AB - A technique is described for using radiolabeled RNA complementary to human DNA as a probe for the specific identification of submicrogram concentrations of human DNA by formation of RNA-DNA hybrids. An example is given of its application to the semiquantitation of human DNA in human plasma, a substance that is ordinarily difficult to examine because materials are present that interfere with the usual colorimetric or fluorometric assays. An example is also given of the use of an analogous approach to analyzing rabbit serum for circulating bacterial DNA. Unique to the hybridization technique is a degree of specificity sufficient to identify specific base sequences and hence the origin of the DNA being detected, a point that may be important in the examination of circulating DNA reported to occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis. This technique may also be of value in clarifying the presently conflicting data regarding the occurrence of free DNA in the normal human circulation. PMID- 1112053 TI - Automated method for determination of bound N-acetylneuraminic acid in serum. PMID- 1112054 TI - Free amino acids in human tonsillar tissue. AB - Free amino acids in the tonsils of 20 individuals were measured column chromatographically. Those always found in readily detectable amounts included O phosphoserine, taurine, O-phosphoethanolamine, aspartic acid, hydroxyproline, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, alpha-amino-n butyric acid, valine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, ornithine, gamma-amino-butyric acid, lysine, histidine, and arginine. Results were compared for three clinical pathological groups and for four age groups. Some abnormal values may result from the pathological conditions. PMID- 1112055 TI - Comparison of results for morphine urinalyses by radioimmunoassay and thin-layer chromatography in a narcotic clinic setting. AB - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were compared for morphine detection in an actual narcotic clinic setting. A choice of urines from all those screened by TLC allowed a critical comparison as to actual use or non use of narcotic drugs, rather than a sampling at random in which the question of possible false positives or negatives cannot be conclusively answered. Although RIA is more sensitive than TLC, its advantage is apparent only in those cases where urine specimens are difficult to obtain frequently regularly or where the use of morphine is suspected by the positive identification of quinine in urine that was morphine-negative by TLC. In a selected group of negative and positive specimens chosen without conscious bias, the two methods gave consistently similar results, indicating that the modified TLC method provided a few or no false positives or negatives if the negatives were from those cases that were not positive anytime up to 3-4 days before urine collection. We conclude that RIA can be of significant value as a supplement to a TLC screening program, without sacrificing the many advantages that TLC has to offer. PMID- 1112056 TI - Lipase-triggered kinetic assay of serum triglycerides. AB - We describe a kinetic method for assay of serum or plasma triglycerides, by use of an enzymatic hydrolysis and reaction sequence already described [Clin. Chem. 19, 476 (1973)]. The reaction is triggered by addition of lipase, at a time when free glycerol, or pyruvate (or both) are no longer present. In this method, therefore, there is no need for a blank glycerol assay. In the procedure, reagents are used that are available commercially in the form of stable, dry powders; the method for the preparation of the reagents has been changed to achieve improved stability and performance. Stability and recovery of added triglycerides are satisfactory. PMID- 1112057 TI - Simultaneous determination of serum cholesterol and triglycerides after preliminary column chromatography. AB - An isopropanolic extract of serum can be made suitable for the simultaneous estimation of cholesterol and triglycerides by passing it through a commercially available chromatographic column containing activated metallic oxides in which alumina predominates. No centrifugation step nor phase separation is required. Use of the purified extract allows existing methods to be simplified and shortened without loss of reproducibility or stability. Results compare well with those obtained by traditional methods. PMID- 1112058 TI - Transketolase activity of blood hemolysate, a useful index for diagnosing thiamine deficiency. PMID- 1112059 TI - A manual colormetric assay of triglycerides in serum. PMID- 1112060 TI - Letters: Simplied determination of plasma p-aminohippurate in testing kidney function. PMID- 1112061 TI - Letter: Stable diazo-p-benzenesulfonic acid solutions for bilirubin assays. PMID- 1112062 TI - Letter: Separation of creatine kinase isoenzymes by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 1112063 TI - Detection of heterozygotes for phenylketonuria and hyperphenylaianinemia by gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic acid excretion in urine. PMID- 1112064 TI - Alpha-ketoadipic aciduria, a new inborn error of lysine metabolism; biochemical studies. AB - Investigation of a psychomotorically retarded girl showed excretion of abnormal amounts of alpha-ketoadipic acid, alpha-hydroxyadipic acid, alpha-aminoadipic acid, 1,2-butenedicarboxylic acid and elevation of plasma alpha-aminoadipic acid levels. The identity of these metabolities was established by various methods. The excretion of alpha-aminoadipic acid correlated to the lysine intake. Degradation studies with cultured fibroblasts indicate a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoadipic acid (see Clin. Chim. Acta, 58 (1975) 271. PMID- 1112065 TI - Alpha-ketoadipic aciduria: degradation studies with fibroblasts,. AB - Observation of one patient with alpha-ketoadipic aciduria initiated degradation studies with radiolabelled lysine metabolites in fibroblasts in order to localise the metabolic defect. Liberation of 14-CO-2 from alpha-D,L-(1-14-C) aminoadipate and alpha-(1-14-C) ketoadipate was considerably less in the patient's fibroblasts than in the patient's fibroblasts than in normal controls, whereas 14-CO-2 production from (1,5-14-C) glutarate was in the normal range. These results indicate a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoadipate as the probable cause of alpha-ketoadipic aciduria; Cultured amniotic fluid cells from pregnancies of the 15th and 16th week of gestation degrade alpha-(1-14-C) ketoadipate with a similar activity to fibroblast cultures from normal humans after birth. PMID- 1112066 TI - Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in gout. AB - 1. Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) and purine nucleoside (inosine) phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) were measured in 33 healthy controls and 43 primary gouty subjects. Adenosine deaminase activity in controls and gouty subjects was 0.373 plus or minus 0.108 and 0.457 plus or minus 0.140 A unit per 5-10-3 ml packed red cells per h, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Mean adenosine deaminase: inosine phosphorylase (X10) in primary gout was also significantly higher than in controls (P less than 0.05). Inosine phosphorylase activities in the two groups were not significantly different. 2. When gouty patients were divided into two groups according to weight, normal weight gouty subjects had a higher adenosine deaminase activity and an increased ration of adenosine deaminase to inosine phosphorylase when compared with overweight patients (P less than 0.10). In two control groups divided according to the percentage overweight, such differences were not found. In the case of two gouty groups divided according to the existence of gouty heredity, tophi or renal impairment, adenosine deaminase and inosine phosphorylase activity in the two groups were not significantly different. The possible biochemical role of adenosine deaminase activity in primary gout is discussed. PMID- 1112067 TI - Improved methodology and precision using a straight base line technique for the quantitation of proteins by two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 1112069 TI - Application of the spark chamber for rapid evaluation of quantitative radio immunolelectrophoresis (RIEP). PMID- 1112068 TI - A simple automated micromethod for measuring serum copper. AB - An automated micromethod for measuring copper concentration in 0.2 ml of serum employing formaldehyde-oxalydihydrazide as chromogen and using an Auto-Analyzer (Technicon) is presented. The use of formaldehyde-oxalyldihydrazide resulted in a stable and noise-free baseline. The coefficient of variation of the micromethod was 2.4%. The recovery of copper added to samples was 102%. A good correlation between the serum values estimated by the described method and the manual method of Summers (1) (r = 0.929; P less than 0.001) was found when copper standards were prepared in 0.277 M glucose. The mean serum copper concentration found in 26 healthy adult males is 94.1 mug/dl (range: 80 to 120 mug/dl) and in 20 females is 109.8 mug/dl (range: 71 to 170 mug/dl), the difference being statistically significnt (P less than 0.02). PMID- 1112070 TI - Adolescent prenancy-a pediatirc concern? PMID- 1112071 TI - Malnutrition-still a common problem for children in the United States. PMID- 1112072 TI - Adolescents with developmental disabilities; a survey of their problems and their management. AB - Adolescents with developmental disabilities deserve the same sophisticated multidisciplinary evaluation which is now available to younger children. Most of these fit into one of four groupslow normal IQ with poor performance because of psychologic problems, true learning disability, neuromuscular disease, or known mental retardation in need of planning for future care. It is important for the physician dealing with these adolescents to recognize and be ready to deal with the high incidence of emotional problems. He must be able to relate to the adolescents as the primary subject, and to arrange special education, vocational evaluation, and legal counseling. The physician must cultivate professional relationships with a wide range of disciplines since his adolescent patient is likely to need a wide variety of services. PMID- 1112073 TI - Larsen's syndrome;. AB - Three cases of Larsen's syndrome with retospective diagnoses have been described. All of them had both the clinical and radiographic signs characteristic for the syndrome, namely flat, hyperteloric facies, multiple dislocations of the joints, club foot deformity, and long cylindrical fingers. The radiographic findings were generalized and diagnostic in all of the cases. Our patients had additional ossification centers for the body of calcaneus. PMID- 1112074 TI - The atherosclerosis problem: pediatric and dietary aspects. AB - Arteriosclerotic vascular disease begins in childhood. This most common and serious disorder must be of concern to all those caring for the health of children. Consideration should be given to the possibilities of altering the basic American diet to one lower in saturated fats and cholesterol. PMID- 1112075 TI - An argument for the unmeasured diet in juvenile diabetes mellitus: the physical and emotional risks of the measured diet. PMID- 1112076 TI - Our children-without them there is no future. PMID- 1112077 TI - Thiabendazole treatment of presumptive visceral larva migrans (VLM). PMID- 1112078 TI - Coxsackie B1 endocarditis. PMID- 1112079 TI - Cardiogenic oscillations of nitrogen and argon concentration in expired gas in man. AB - 1. The cardiogenic oscillations in the concentration of nitrogen and argon in expired gas, which are seen after the inspiration from residual volume of pure oxygen or a bolus of argon, have been studied in normal subjects and in patients with atrial fibrillation. 2. In the upright position of the subject, the peaks of nitrogen and argon concentration coincide with ventricular systole, although there is a transit delay along the tracheobronchial tree before any change of concentration occurs at the mouth. 3. Studies in different postures demonstrated that the effect of the heart is predominantly due to a reduction in cardiac volume during systole with a decrease in airflow from regions adjacent to the heart. These areas contain a different concentration of nitrogen and argon in the alveolar air from the more apical regions. 4. It has been shown that the results are consistent with the present concepts of the influence of gravity on the distribution of inspired air. PMID- 1112080 TI - Measurement of intrarenal blood-flow distribution in the rabbit using radioactive microspheres. AB - 1. Total renal blood flow and its distribution within the renal cortex of the conscious rabbit were studied with radioactive microspheres of 15 and 25 mum diameter. 2. The reliability of the microsphere technique was influenced by microsphere diameter and number (dose). The optimum microsphere diameter for determination of flow distribution in the rabbit kidney was 15 mum and dose 100 150 000 spheres. 3. Spheres of 15 mum nominal diameter were randomly distributed within the renal cortex of adult rabbits. The larger spheres in batches nominally 15 mum in diameter in young rabbits and 25 mum diameter in adult rabbits were preferentially distributed to the superficial cortex. 4. In adult rabbits 15 mum diameter spheres lodged in glomerular capillaries. Larger spheres occasionally lodged in interlobular arteries causing intrarenal haemorrhage. 5. Microspheres of 15 mum caused a decrease in renal clearance of creatinine and of p-amino hippurate when the total injection dose was about 200 000 spheres. These effects were greater when the injection dose was increased to 500 000 spheres. 6. The reduction in total renal blood flow observed with large doses of spheres largely reflected decreased outer cortical flow, as measured by a second injection of spheres, and confirmed by a decrease in p-aminohippurate extraction. 7. The reproducibility of multiple injection studies was limited by these intrarenal effects of microspheres. 8. Total renal blood flow measured in six rabbits in acute experiments by the microsphere technique was 107 plus or minus 12 (mean plus or minus SD) ml/min and by p-amino-hippurate clearance was 100 plus or minus 10 ml/min. 9. Total renal blood flow in twelve conscious, chronically instrumented rabbits was 125 plus or minus 11 ml/min, of which 92 plus or minus 6 ml/min was distributed to the superficial cortex and 33 plus or minus 4 ml/min to the deep cortex. PMID- 1112081 TI - Renal circulatory responses to general anaesthesia in the rabbit: studies using radioactive microspheres. AB - 1. Total renal blood flow and its cortical distribution were measured by the radioactive microsphere technique in conscious rabbits and after anaethesia with pentobarbitone, chloralose-urethane or ether. 2. Pentobarbitone anaesthesia caused a fall of 26% in total renal blood flow, of 26% in superficial cortical flow, and of 24% in deep cortical flow. Sodium excretion rate fell by 33%. 3. Chloralose-urethane anaesthesia caused no change in total or regional renal blood flow, or in sodium excretion. 4. Ether anaesthesia caused an insignificant fall in total renal blood flow, but superficial cortical flow fell by 13% and deep cortical flow rose by 21%. Urinary sodium excretion fell by 65%. 5. Possible mechanisms for these changes in response to anaesthesia are discussed. 6. The effects of anaesthetic agents may influence the interpretation of published work on control mechanisms in the renal circulation. PMID- 1112082 TI - Uranyl nitrate acute renal failure in the dog: early changes in renal function and haemodynamics. AB - 1. Sodium excretion, plasma renin acitivity (PRA), inulin clearance, total renal blood flow (RBF), renal cortical radiomicrosphere distribution and systemic administration of uranyl nitrate (19.9 mumol/kg body wt.; 10 mg/kg) in the dog. 2. During the 3 h of study after uranyl nitrate, urine flow remained stable or increased, sodium excretion increased approximately fivefold, renal vascular resistance increased threefold, and concordant decreases in RBF and inulin clearance to 40-50% of control values occured. At 3 h total cortical RBF decreased to 35% of control values and the ration of blood flow in outer to inner cortical zones also decreased, reflecting outer cortical ischaemia, PRA increased in the first hour after uranyl nitrate and slowly declined therafter, though not to control values. 3. Respiratory rate, heart rate, mean systemic blood pressure and cardiac output were unchanged after uranyl nitrate, demonstrating that the changes in renal vascular resistance occurred without a change in peripheral vascular resistance. 4. It is postulated that increased renin-angiotensin system activity mediates the change in renal haemodynamics and the consequent fall in glomerular filtration. PMID- 1112083 TI - Long-term endocrine responses to vasectomy in the adult rat. PMID- 1112084 TI - Thiamine status and oral contraceptives. PMID- 1112085 TI - Effect of vasectomy on the prostatic function as indicated by seminal maltase activity. PMID- 1112086 TI - Hysteroscopy in the localization and removal of intrauterine devices with "missing strings". PMID- 1112087 TI - The effect of intrauterine progesterone on the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis in humans. PMID- 1112088 TI - Administration of norethandrolone and testosterone as a contraceptive agent for men. PMID- 1112089 TI - Using polar coordinates to measure variability in samples of Phenacolemur: a method of approach. AB - Polar coordinates can be used to quantify shapes on which homologous points cannot be readily identified such as lophs, edges, circumferences, outlines of areas, etc., This allows one to describe quantitatively characters, often diagnostic, that at present are not usually quantified and hence do not figure in the statistical analysis of variability that ought to accompany morphological descriptions in taxonomic work. Computer-driven plotters, using this data, provide an efficient means of graphing it, with great accuracy, in a variety of ways that can be used as an aid in qualitatively assessing variability in a sample or as a basis for further quantitative work. Principal component analysis of the data is essential to reduce the great quantity of measurements to a more manageable amount. It is also a valuable aid in interpreting the information. In the example using the Phenacolemur sample, it was shown with the data obtained from the use of polar coordinates in measuring that: (1) Discriminant functions can be used to distinguish between teeth that are very similar in shape and size, such as the Phenacolemur M1 and M2 and with which it is difficult to make such a distinction visually in an objective fashion. (2) It can be shown quantitatively that size is the only valid distinguishing criterion in splitting the AMNH Phenacolemur sample into three species and that the variability in shape is not significant. PMID- 1112090 TI - Phylogenetic relationships of Plesiadapis - postcranial evidence. PMID- 1112091 TI - Significance of tooth sharpness for mammalian, especially primate, evolution. PMID- 1112092 TI - Palaeoenvironments in the East African Miocene. PMID- 1112093 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis in a dog. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed in a 5-year-old Golden Retriever. Diagnosis was made on the basis of historoclinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings, a positive rheumatoid factor titre, and compliance with the American Rheumatism Association criteria for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in man. Satisfactory remission was obtained with buffered aspirin. PMID- 1112094 TI - Partial lobectomy of bovine liver: a new biopsy technique. AB - A surgical technique has been developed for partial lobectomy of the bovine liver to obtain greater than 25 gram liver samples. Vertical mattress sutures, backed with plastic tubing, were replaced in the liver near the incision line to provide hemostasis. Hemostasis of the cut surface of the liver was adequate in each case. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and only minor adhesions were found later by laparotomy and at necropsy. PMID- 1112095 TI - Peripheral plasma levels of progesterone and fertility after prostaglandin-2alpha induced oestrus in heifers. AB - Sixteen heifers of the Swedish Red and White Breed were given 25 mg PGF2 alpha as tromethamine salt intramuscularly or subcutaneously either on day 8 or day 14 of the oestrus cycle. The injection of PGF2 alpha caused a marked reduction of the size of the corpus luteum in 24 hours. Irrespective of day of injection standing heat occurred 48-96 hours after administration of PGF2 alpha. In the heifers injected on day 8 of the oestrus cycle the midcycle follicle continued to grow and appeared to be the one which was ovulated. Inheifers injected on day 14 a new follicle could be palpated within two days. Eleven of the 16 heifers (69%) became pregnant during the induced heat period. All heifers showed a marked decrease of the peripheral plasma level of progesterone on the day after treatment. The mean progesterone level at the day of first insemination was 80 pg/ml and at the day of second insemination where applied 46 pg/ml. It is concluded that intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of PFG2 alpha on days 8 and 14 of the oestrus cycle results in luteolysis of the cyclic corpus luteum, follicular growth, ovulation and normal pregnancy result after artificial insemination. PMID- 1112096 TI - Hypercalcemia and calcinosis in Florida horses: implication of the shrub, Cestrum diurnum, as the causative agent. AB - A chronic debilitating disease is described in Florida horses. There is progress weight loss and lameness of increasing severity. Plasma calcium is elevated to moderate or severe degree. Anatomical changes include dystrophic calcinosis of elastic tissues, viz. major arteries, tendons and ligaments. A generalized osteopetrosis is present and may be related to hypoparathyroidsim and hypercalcitoninism. The presence of Cestrum diurnum (day-blooming jessamine, day cestrum, wild jasmin) in areas accessible to affected animals, the observation that leaves of the plant were stripped in these areas, and the finding of a potent, active vitamin D-like substance in this plant constitute strong evidence that Cestrum diurnum is the agent causing the abnormalities of mineral metabolism. PMID- 1112097 TI - Castration and other factors affecting the risk of equine laminitis. AB - The characteristics of a series of equine laminitis cases were compared with that of other Equidae examined at the University of Missouri Veterinary Hospital and Clinic during May, 1965 through December, 1971. The model age for ponies with laminitis was 7-9 years and for all other cases the model age was 4-6 years. Also the predominant age for mares was 4-6 years and for males was 7-9 years. After controlling for age and breed differences, there were significantly fewer castrated males among the affected males than expected (P small than 0.02), indicating that hormonal factors may play a role in laminitis. Ponies had a significantly greater risk of laminitis (P smaller than 0.001) and their relative risk was 4.3 times greater than all other Equidae combined. There were more laminitis cases diagnosed during May than during other months. PMID- 1112098 TI - A study of immunologic relationships among serologically heterologous strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus by cross immunity tests. AB - Three serologically heterologous strains of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus were compared in reciprocal cross immunity tests in calves. Each strain was inoculated into five calves. Thirty-eight days later one calf in each group was reinoculated with homologous virus while the immunity of the remaining four was challenged with the serologically heterologous strains of virus, using two calves for each strain. Of the 12 calves in the cross immunity tests, nine were refractory to immunity challenge with the heterologous viral strains while one in each group responded with mild, atypical signs of BVD. On the basis of immunity testing it appears that significant serologic differences among strains of BVD virus are unrelated to the immunologic properties of the strains. It was demonstrated, moreover, that each of the three strains used in the present study evoked the production of antibody to the heterologous as well as to the homologous strain of virus. PMID- 1112099 TI - Intersynovial fistula in the carpus of a horse. AB - Soft tissue lesions are often secondary to equine carpal injury. The clinical and pathological nature of soft tissue changes following carpal trauma are varied. This report describes a case of intersynovial fistula between the radial carpal joint and the common digital extensor tendon sheath. The differential diagnosis and pathological features of equine soft tissue carpal injuries are discussed. PMID- 1112100 TI - Postnatal growth and maturation of the lung. PMID- 1112101 TI - The use of monolayer cell cultures in the study of fetal and neonatal pulmonary cell growth and lecithin synthesis. PMID- 1112102 TI - Evidence for different forms of monoamine oxidase in perfused rabbit lung. PMID- 1112103 TI - Growth and aging of the normal human lung. AB - The lung grows primarily by alveolar multiplication, but alveoli also double in size from infancy to adult life. The time at which alveolar multiplication ceases is obscure. As the lung ages it loses alveolar surface area due to alteration in the internal geometry of the lung. Alveolar wall tissue is also lost, thought to reflect loss of capillary bed. PMID- 1112104 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a lung antiproteinase and its differentiation from serum antiproteinases. PMID- 1112105 TI - Human respiratory tract secretions. 2. Effect of cholinergic and adrenergic agents on in vitro release of protein and mucous glycoprotein. PMID- 1112106 TI - Superoxide dismutase and tolerance to pulmonary oxygen toxicity. PMID- 1112107 TI - Impairment of adaptive tolerance to oxygen toxicity by systemic immunosuppression. PMID- 1112108 TI - Vasoactive polypeptides from normal lung. PMID- 1112109 TI - Isolation of pulmonary pressor substances from bovine amniotic fluid. AB - The pulmonary pressor activity of bovine amniotic fluid resides in substances that appear to be non-polar lipids as suggested by the various chemical and chromatographic procedures. In preliminary experiments, it was found that the pressor activities of the hexane extracts were blocked by prior administration of aspirin to the calf (1 mg/kg), suggesting that pressor effect was mediated via the prostaglandin system. The amniotic fluid lipids, however, differed from the known prostaglandins in being less polar as indicated by thin layer chromatography and in possessing greater pressor activity. It is possible, of course, that the lipids with pulmonary pressor activity participate in the metabolism of the prostaglandins. PMID- 1112110 TI - Platelet survival time in severe chronic airway obstruction. PMID- 1112111 TI - Prolonged glucocorticoid treatment in the rat: effects on pulmonary morphology, ultrastructure and elastic properties. PMID- 1112112 TI - Effects of histamine on lung transvascular fluid and protein movement in awake sheep. PMID- 1112113 TI - Cellular effects of cigarette smoke on hamster airways. PMID- 1112114 TI - Bradykinin levels in pulmonary alveolar macrophages and their bathing fluid. PMID- 1112115 TI - Active ion transport across canine tracheal epithelium: a possible control system for mucociliary transport. PMID- 1112116 TI - Metabolic requirements for 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by the isolated lung. PMID- 1112117 TI - Editorial: How long should you wait? PMID- 1112118 TI - Return of arterial PO2 values to baseline after supplemental oxygen in patients with cardiac disease. AB - Serial arterial PO-2 values were obtained following discontinuation of supplemental inspiratory oxygen by face mask in 21 patients suffering from a variety of cardiac diseases. All patients were free of pulmonary disease. Arterial PO2 values returned to baseline within seven minutes after supplemental oxygen was withdrawn. Decay rate constants calculated from the arterial PO2 measurements were unaffected by cardiac index or the level of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. We conclude that in patients free of overt pulmonary disease, arterial PO2 measured five to seven minutes after withdrawal of supplemental inspiratory oxygen accurately reflects an individual patient's baseline arterial PO2 value. PMID- 1112119 TI - Prolonged rate of decay of arterial PO2 following oxygen breathing in chronic airways obstruction. AB - Nine patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive lung disease were grouped according to results of pulmonary function testing. After a short period of 100 percent oxygen breathing, it took on the average 20 minutes (range--18 to 24 minutes) for their partial pressure of arterial oxygen to return to baseline levels. These data suggest that, after discontinuing supplemental oxygen in patients with chronic airways obstruction, more than 25 minutes should elapse if a blood gas measurement is to reflect with certainty conditions during room air breathing. PMID- 1112120 TI - Comparison of 24 versus 12 hours of ambulatory ECG monitoring. AB - In order to assess the additional information obtained from 24 hours compared to 12 hours of ambulatory ECG (electrocardiogram) recording, we analyzed 72 ambulatory ECG monitoring tapes in which arrhythmias were present. In all cases the second 12 hours included the entire period of sleep. Only 38 of 233 (16 percent) episodes of arrhythmias, frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVC's), two or more PVC's in a row, multiform PVC's, ventricular bigeminy, trigeminy, premature atrial contractions (PAC's), and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred for the first time in the second 12-hour period. New ventricular arrhythmias were detected during the second 12-hour period in 13 percent of the arrhythmic episodes. Although sleep resulted in a marked decrease in PVC frequency in 63 percent of 30 recordings, with frequent PVC's while awake, 8 percent had a significant increase during sleep. In contrast, short runs of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred during the second 12 hours in 48 percent of cases, 66 percent of these while asleep. These data suggest that a 24 hour ambulatory ECG tape recording be utilized initially to characterize the occurrence and frquency of the patients' ambulatory arrhythmias during awake and sleep periods. Thereafter, additional ECG recordings for monitoring antiarrhythmic drug therapy can be accomplished with a 12-hour recording in more than 80 percent of patients PMID- 1112121 TI - Pacemaker implantation based on ambulatory ECG monitoring in patients with cerebral symptoms. AB - Continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring was performed in 110 patients because of a history of dizziness, alleged syncope of vague cerebral manifestations. The resting ECG failed to provide an explanation for symptoms in any of the patients. In 12 patients the monitoring revealed a variety of arrhythmic mechanisms which required pacemaker implantation. Five of these patients had sick sinus syndrome with episodes of prolonged sinus arrest, while in the others various degrees of A V block were detected. Implantation of a pacemaker relieved the symptoms in all. It is concluded that ambulatory ECG monitoring is essential in evaluating cases of unexplained cerebral symptoms. PMID- 1112122 TI - Effect of propranolol on respiratory function and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Ten patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) (group 1) and five patients with combined COLD and cardiac disease (group 2) were studied at rest and during exercise after an intravenous (IV) slaine control followed by IV propranolol (0.2 mg/kg). During rest propranolol did not alter significantly measurements of lung volume in groups 1 or 2. Following propranolol the mean airway resistance (AR) in group 1 increased from 4.49 to 5.2 cm H2O/L/sec (P smaller than 0.02) and airway conductance (Gaw) decreased from 0.28 to 0.24 L/sec 1 cm. H2O1 (P smaller than 0.02). In group 2 following propranolol, the mean AR increased from 3.60 to 4.67 cm H2O1 (P smaller than 0.05), and Gaw decreased from 0.30 to 0.23 L/sec-1/cm H2O1 (P smaller than 0.05). During exercise, from control to propranolol, the heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate blood pressure (HR x BP) decreased significantly for both groups 1 and 2 except for the systolic pressure in group 2. The duration of exercise and exercising PO2 were not significantly altered from control to propranolol in groups 1 and 2, indicating that the small but statistically significant changes in AR and Gaw did not interfere with symptom tolerated maximal exercise in these patients and were therefore not clinically important. PMID- 1112123 TI - Prognostic significance of chronic versus acute bundle branch block in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Of 1125 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to Mount Sinai Medical Center in 1971 and 1972, 292 (28.8 percent) had intraventricular conduction defects. In 210 of the 292 patients with intraventricular conduction defect, it was possible to determine if the conduction defect, was present before the infarction (Group 1, 123 patients) or developed acutely with the infarction (Group 2, 87 patients). Of the 210 patients, 52.8 percent died (mean age 72.1 years). Fifty-three patients in Group 1 and 18 patients in Group 2 had isolated left axis deviation (LAD). The mortality was 35 percent and 28 percent respectively. This difference was not significant (p greater than 0.60). Sixty four of the 210 patients presented with a left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern. The overall mortality of 54 percent was the same in both groups. Right bundle branch block(RBBB), with either normal axis, left (LAD) or right axis deviation (RAD), was found in 74 patients. Of 40 patients in Group 1, 62 percent died, and of 35 patients in Group 2, 80 percent expired. Again this difference was not significant (p greater than 0.10). In 13 of 25 patients with RBBB in Group 1, death was possible related to progression of the conduction defect. The use of prophylactic temporary pacing is suggested for these patients. PMID- 1112124 TI - Unmasking of slow intrinsic ventricular excitation by magnetic inhibition of R wave inhibited demand pacemakers. AB - In patients with permanent pacemakers and slow intrinsic ventricular excitation, the pacemaker rhythm dominates ventricular excitation. Diagnostic considerations may require that the electrocardiographic morphology of the intrinsic beats be known, such as during the exclusion of the myocardial infarction. If the pacemaker is a Cordis R wave inhibited (Stanicor) type, it is possible to allow the intrinsic rhythm to emerge by external magnetic inhibition of the pacemaker. Such inhibition can be achieved by rotating a magnet back and forth through a 180 degree arc with the magnetized poles on the surface of the chest wall above the pacing unit. Successful pacemaker inhibition by the magnet will abolish the pacemaker rhythm. It is concluded that magnetic inhibition of R wave inhibited pacemakers may be a useful diagnostic tool in patients with Stanicor pacemaker rhythms. PMID- 1112126 TI - The unreliability of the maximal midexpiratory flow as an index of acute airway changes. AB - This study evaluates the reliability of the maximal midexpiratory flow (MMF) as an index of acute airway changes. In a group of asthmatics, intravenous histamine induced a significant decrease in the forced vital capacity, expiratory volume in the first second, and peak flow, while increasing the respiratory system resistance and the closing volume. The studies showed narrowing of the airways, while the MMF significantly increased in all subjects, implying dilation of the airways. The increased closing volume suggested narrowing of the small airways. The data, however, suggest that the paradoxic increase of the MMF is a result of histamine-induced early small airway closure, eliminating the lung units with longer time constants. Unless the MMF is related to absolute lung volumes (as presently measured the MMF is not related to absolute lung volumes) it may be misleading, and is thus an unreliable index of acute airway changes. PMID- 1112125 TI - Fatal lung scan in a case of pulmonary hypertension due to obliterative pulmonary vascular disease. AB - A young woman with pulmonary hypertension due to sclerodermatous pulmonary vascular disease died immediately following the injection of macroaggregated albumin labeled with 99-TC for a perfusion lung scan. Review of the literature suggests that patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension due to an obliterative pulmonary vascular disease are at risk of developing a serious reaction to perfusion lung scanning. Important factors which predispose to an adverse reaction to lung scanning are the size and dose of macroaggregated albumin particles in relation to the total cross-sectional area of the pulmonary vascular bed and a critical arteriolar lumen size. PMID- 1112127 TI - Acute pneumonia in the right lower lobe. PMID- 1112128 TI - Experience with retrograde left heart catheterization through the Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis: a preliminary report. PMID- 1112129 TI - Unusually rapid atrial rate in a patient with thyrotoxicosis and atrial flutter. PMID- 1112130 TI - Left subclavian steal, interrupted aortic arch, complete transposition of the great vessels and single left ventricle. AB - Congenital subclavian steal consists of atresia of the proximal end of the subclavian artery, while the blood supply to the distal portion of the subclavian artery originates from the circle of Willis. It should be suspected in complicated malformations of the heart associated with marked hypoplasia or interruption of the aortic arch. Minimal differences in blood pressure determinations may be an important clue in the diagnosis of this anomaly. The diagnosis may be confirmed by angiography with careful attention to late arterial phase films. PMID- 1112131 TI - Strangulation of the left atrial appendage through a congenital partial pericardial defect. AB - The first case of strangulation of a left atrial appendage through a partial congenital pericardial defect is presented. Surgery consisted of a left atrial appendectomy and closure of the defect. PMID- 1112132 TI - Resolution of an iatrogenic coronary artery thromboembolus. AB - A patient with an iatrogenic coronary thromboemboulus, sustained during selective left coronary catheterization is presented. The embolus was identified by angiography and its complete resolution was documented in the same manner three months later. Despite chest pain and elevation of the cardiac enzymes, the electrocardiogram showed only nonspecific changes and the absence of macroscopically identifiable infarction was demonstrated at thoracotomy. Thromboembolization may be a more common cause of complication with the Judkins technique than generally realized but may be compatible with complete recovery and be avoided by special catheterization practices. PMID- 1112133 TI - Successful surgical resection of a chronic false aneurysm of the left ventricle. AB - The case of a patient with a chronic false aneurysm of the left ventricle diagnosed three years after a documented myocardial infarction is reported. The patient presented with a mass seen on the chest x-ray examination. The correct diagnosis was made by ventriculography and the aneurysm was successfully resected. PMID- 1112134 TI - Coronary artery to left atrial fistula in association with severe atherosclerosis and mitral stenosis: report of surgical repair. AB - Not uncommonly, atherosclerosis may be found associated with rheumatic heart disease. The combination of atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease and coronary fistula is an unusual combination of hemodynamic and disease states. We report a patient with advanced mitral stenosis and atherosclerosis who also had a fistula from the left coronary artery into the left atrium. Surgical approach: combined valve replacement, bypass grafting and closure of the fistula in an attempt to relieve the pathophysiologic abnormalities. PMID- 1112135 TI - Hypoglycemia complicating the use of solution of glucose, insulin and potassium. AB - A patient is described who developed hypoglycemia and generalized neurologic depression after cardiac surgery, while receiving an infusion of glucose, insulin, and potassium (GIK). Hypoglycemia as a complication of the use of GIK solution in patients with hepatic dysfunction, malnutrition and low cardiac output is discussed. PMID- 1112136 TI - Palsy of the recurrent nerve following mediastinoscopy. AB - As demonstrated in earlier material, the frequency of palsy of the recurrent nerve following mediastinoscopy varies from 0.18 to 0.53 percent (17,000 patients). In 67 patients operated via mediastinoscopy, where pre- and postoperation indirect laryngoscopy was carried out, four postoperative palsies (6 percent) were discovered. Of these, 3 were found among the 24 patients with malignant infiltration of the mediastinum. The value of pre- and postoperation examination of the larynx is stressed. PMID- 1112137 TI - Miliary tuberculosis presenting as acute respiratory failure: treatment by membrane oxygenator and ventricle pump. AB - A 58-year-old woman with high fever, dyspnea, rapidly progressive hypoxemia and opacification of the lung fields presented the clinical picture of catastrophic respiratory failure. Extracorporeal support of oxygenation using a membrane oxygenator and a new ventricle pump was initially successful. At autopsy, miliary tuberculosis was found to be the cause of this "shock lung like" syndrome. PMID- 1112138 TI - Infarct of the myocardium with aneurysm in a 13-year-old girl. AB - We present the case of a girl with an infarct and an aneurysm of the left ventricle after viral disease at the age of six years. She died suddenly at 13 years of age. Autopsy findings revealed occlusion of the anterior descending and narrowing of the right coronary artery. The possible relationship of virus disease to the vascular disease is discussed. PMID- 1112139 TI - Letter: Cerebral convulsions and cardiac arrest during local anesthesia in patient on antiarrhythmic treatment. PMID- 1112140 TI - The challenge of evaluation in residential treatment. PMID- 1112141 TI - The importance of the natural parents to the child in placement. PMID- 1112142 TI - Bellefaire's day treatment program: an interdisciplinary approach to the emotionally disturbed child. PMID- 1112143 TI - [Modified method of surgical treatment of articular fractures of the proximal end of the tibia with depression of the articular surface]. PMID- 1112144 TI - [Long-term results of cup plasty and Austin-Moore head replacement in growing individuals with inveterate tuberculosis of the hip]. PMID- 1112145 TI - [Disorders attending the formation of the acetabulum following hip joint capsular plasty by the Colonna-Zahradnicek method]. PMID- 1112146 TI - [Bilateral fracture of the 1st rib]. PMID- 1112147 TI - [Osseous head-trochanteric bridge as a form of development of the upper end of the femur]. PMID- 1112148 TI - [Calcinosis tumoriformis]. PMID- 1112149 TI - [Case of circumscribed calcinosis in a 15-year-old girl]. PMID- 1112150 TI - [Chondromatosis of the knee joint]. PMID- 1112151 TI - [Activities of the Orthopedic Workshop attached to the Medical Academy in Lublin in the years 1961-1973]. PMID- 1112152 TI - [Surgical procedure and evaluation of results of treatment of inveterate isolated dislocations of the radius head and accompanying fractures of the forearm of the Monteggia type in children and adolescents]. PMID- 1112153 TI - [Osseous-muscular decortication as an effective method of treatment of pseudarthrosis]. PMID- 1112154 TI - [An analysis of failures in conservative treatment and biomechanical examination of the gait as the basis for the selection of methods for early surgical treatment of congenital clubfoot]. PMID- 1112155 TI - [Pes excavatus]. PMID- 1112156 TI - [Studies of ventilation and circulation in patients with idiopathic scoliosis prior to and following treatment by the Harrington method]. PMID- 1112157 TI - [Scoliosis in Marfan's syndrome treated by the Harrington instrumentation and spine fusion]. PMID- 1112158 TI - [Accuracy of electromyographic examinations in preoperative diagnosis of patients with sciatica (preliminary report)]. PMID- 1112159 TI - [Results of treatment of fractures and epiphysiolysis of the medial epicondyle of the humerus]. PMID- 1112160 TI - [Ligamentous structures of the tendons of flexors in the fingers]. PMID- 1112161 TI - [Compression lesions of the ulnar nerve in the wrist region]. PMID- 1112162 TI - [Transverse fibers of the palmar aponeurosis in Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 1112163 TI - [Multifocal form of fibromatosis palmaris]. PMID- 1112164 TI - [Biomechanic conditions in the hip joint following some methods of intertrochanteric osteotomy]. PMID- 1112165 TI - Maintenance doxepin (sinequan) therapy for depressive illness. PMID- 1112167 TI - Vanillyl mandelic acid excretion in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). AB - The twenty-four hour urinary excretion of vanillyl mandelic acid was determined in a group of eleven psychiatric patients prior to and during the day of the fifth unilateral electroconvulsive treatment. The patients were all determined by their treating psychiatrists and by psychological testing to be psychotically depressed. In ten of the eleven patients a marked decrease in excreted vanillyl mandelic acid was apparent from the pretreatment level to the fifth treatment level. In one of the eleven patients there was a slight rise from the pretreatment level to the excreted level during the fifth day of treatment. The mean pretreatment determination of vanillyl mandelic acid was 4.2 mg per twenty four hours; the mean determination made on the fifth treatment was 2.8 mg per twenty-four hours. PMID- 1112166 TI - Precipitation of psychosis during electroshock therapy. PMID- 1112168 TI - Patterns of symptom change in anxious depressed outpatients treated with different drugs. AB - Patients with mixtures of anxiety and depressive mood of rather modest degree constitute a majority in the psychiatric outpatient population. Drug treatments are employed to produce symptomatic relief. In this study, thirteen commonly used psychotherapeutic drugs were compared for efficacy in producing change in symptoms of anxiety, depressive mood, and psychomotor activation level in this most common type of psychiatric clinic patient. The drugs were found to differ in relative effect on anxiety and depressive mood. Paradoxically, the major and minor tranquilizers produced greater effect on depressive mood than anxiety, while the more sedative of the tricyclic antidepressants produced relatively greater effect on anxiety. Within each of the three major drug classes, the more sedative members of the class tended to have relatively greater effect on anxiety and the less sedative tended to have relatively greater effect on depressive mood components of the symptom picture. PMID- 1112169 TI - Self-identification and the underdetection of alcoholism. AB - Data obtained from administration of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) to 66 institutionalized male alcoholics supported the hypothesis that MAST items which reflected alcoholic self-identification were more likely to result in underdetection of alcoholism than the other MAST items. These findings supported the contention that one of the consequences of devising and validating the tests on self-acknowledged alcoholics is the underdetection of cases. Implications for planning and delivery of alcoholism programs are suggested. The process by which alcoholism screening tests are developed and validated is frequently such that those items are selected which differentiate between a grouping of subjects known to be alcoholics (for example, patients on an alcoholism treatment ward) and a comparison grouping of subjects who are presumed to be free of alcoholism. However, it is questionable whether the alcoholism criterion grouping employed in this process is representative of the universe of alcoholics. The very process of becoming part of a known alcoholic grouping generally involves being identified as an alcoholic and referred for treatment by others (family members, physicians, etc.) and/or oneself. The criterion grouping therefore might include only self identified alcoholics and exclude alcoholics who were able to avoid detection and self-perceptions of having an alcoholism problem. Consequently the items which are included in the screening test by virtue of differentiating between the criterion group and the comparison group might reflect the phenomenon of self identification with alcoholism rather than a more broadly defined alcoholic condition. Among the possible consequences of this situation is the underdetection of cases since the screening test would tend to detect instances of self-identified alcoholism to the exclusion of non-self-identified alcoholism. In a prior analysis of data described elsewhere it was determined that a particular screening test -the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) - does appear to reflect alcoholic self-identification instead of, or as well as, a more inclusively defined alcoholic condition. However, it remained to be determined whether or not this situation would indeed result in the underdetection of alcoholics since the possibility existed that "self-identified alcoholism" and a presumably more inclusive "condition of alcoholism" were in fact coterminous categories. This paper deals with the latter issue. PMID- 1112170 TI - Pimozide in chronic schizophrenic outpatients. AB - In a double blind placebo controlled clinical evaluation of maintenance therapy in chronic schizophrenic female outpatients, thiordazine in single daily doses not exceeding 375 mg./day for 6 months was shown to be effective maintenance treatment compared with PL, thereby establishing the sensitivity of the experiment. Pimozide was also shown to be effective in a single oral dose not exceeding 16 mg./day and comparable overall to the standard drug. The experimental design was based on the anticipated retrogression of PL treated subjects during the 6-month study period, which was reflected in 5 of 9 (56%) "treatment failures" in the PL group compared to 2 of 14 (14%) and 2 of 12 (17%) in the THI and PIM groups, respectively. In addition, in some instances improvement over baseline evaluations was noted in both drug groups, particularly on global impression. Though some items of the BPRS exhibited Drug: PL differences, the scale in general was felt to be rather insensitive for this kind of study. Social adjustment ratings on a special scale completed by the patients and families alike, were also found to be insensitive to treatment differences. Side effects most often seen with THI were sedation, EKG and liver function abnormalities. Headache and restlessness occurred most often with PIM. Extrapyramidal symptoms and insomnia were seen most often with PIM and PL equally. PMID- 1112171 TI - Atypical signs of relapse in affective disorders. AB - The authors have observed that patients with previous well documented evidence of affective illness can have an atypical relapse of depression precipitated by environmental or interpersonal stress. These patients present with complaints centered around problems resulting from current life stress. They deny sad mood and resist the idea that they are having recurrence of depression. It is suggested that the presence of anhedonia be used as a clinical guide to differentiate "understandable" preoccupation with reality problems from emergent depressive relapse. Patients with atypical relapses respond to antidepressants with a disappearance of anhedonia and an ability to place realistic problems in their proper perspective. Cases are presented illustrating this phenomena. PMID- 1112172 TI - [Population kinetic characteristics of enterocytes in different segments of the intestinal tract as a factor governing the development of neoplasms]. PMID- 1112173 TI - [Free volatile aliphatic acids in the anal gland secretion of the American mink (Mustela vison)]. PMID- 1112174 TI - [Absorption of 137Cs by krill]. PMID- 1112175 TI - [Suppression of inflammatory cellular reactions by helminth larvae and specificity of their encapsulation in host tissues]. PMID- 1112176 TI - [Study of the tertiary structure of highly spiralized proteins by means of x-ray diffuse scattering]. PMID- 1112177 TI - [Synthesis of anomeric 1-D-xylofuranosides of pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid]. PMID- 1112178 TI - [Nature of the interaction between intact and thyroxine-damaged mitochondria]. PMID- 1112179 TI - [Genetic relationship between Paruterinidae from nocturnal birds of prey and Taeniidae from daytime birds of prey]. PMID- 1112180 TI - [Isolation of a DNA fragment containing phage lambda repressor gene]. PMID- 1112181 TI - [Reversible antagonism by light of the inhibitory effect of a polyene antibiotic on the actinomycetes-producer]. PMID- 1112182 TI - [Mechanism of generation of the electrochemical potential of H+ ions in the initial portions of the respiratory chain]. PMID- 1112183 TI - [Biological value of grain crop proteins]. PMID- 1112184 TI - [Activation of extrarenal paths of sodium excretion during adaptation to hypoxia and its role in the prevention of hypertension]. PMID- 1112185 TI - [Modification by ionol of natural and induced chromosome aberrations in Crepis capillaris L. (Wallr.)]. PMID- 1112186 TI - [Cholinesterase substrates based on lupinine and epilupinine]. PMID- 1112187 TI - [Effect of charge-free organophosphorus inhibitors on intensifying the substrate inhibition of acetylcholinesterase]. PMID- 1112188 TI - [Content of vitamin A fractions and activity of retinol-palmitate dehydrogenase in the small intestine mucous membrane and its cell membranes during vitamin A deficiency and irradiation]. PMID- 1112189 TI - [Study by the deuterium exchange method of conformational changes in a complex formed by trypsin and its inhibitor]. PMID- 1112190 TI - [HL-A, W 27 and serum amino-acids in ankylosing spondylitis (author's transl)]. AB - Tests for HL-A, W 27 were positive in eight of twelve patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The four negative cases, among them three members of the same family, had a different antigen pattern. Also positive were two cases with Reiter's disease. Semi-quantitative determination of serum levels of aminoacids in this group gave an increased alanine concentration in all but two instances. Leucine and valine levels were also raised, but less characteristically than alanine. These immunogenetic studies enrich diagnostic possibilities in clinical medicine, in addition to suggesting a possible common aetiology and(or) pathogenesis of Reiters disease and ankylosing spondylitis. The significance of quantitative amino-acid modifications is not clear. PMID- 1112191 TI - [Left atrial lead and stimulation in wpw-syndrome type A (author's transl)]. AB - Normal and accessory A-V conduction were analyzed by His bundle recordings in a 49-year-old patient with WPW-syndrome type A. An open foramen ovale permitted registration of left atrial potentials as well as left atrial pacing. The effects of the pacemaker site (left or right atrial pacing) on the electrocardiographic variability of pre-excitation were studied. The effective refractory period of the accessory A-V conduction was shown to be dependent on the site of pacing. Recordings of right and left atrial potentials during runs of supraventricular tachycardia demonstrated that V-A conduction occurred via the accessory pathway. PMID- 1112192 TI - [Therapy of consumption coagulopathy]. PMID- 1112193 TI - [Whereabouts of the hospital physician during emergency duty]. PMID- 1112194 TI - [Letter: Liver lesions due to halothane]. PMID- 1112195 TI - [Is goiter an endemic disease in the German Federal Republic? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. AB - Statistical analysis of indexed information on 5,4 million men, subject to military conscription, gave a goitre incidence of 15.29 per cent. This corresponds to an endemic state and would suggest that goitre prevention programme is needed. PMID- 1112196 TI - [Breast cancer in women as a paradigm for ageing as a hidden syncarcinogenic factor]. AB - In man the application of so-called cancerogenic factors and the latency period of a neoplasm until its manifestation includes the factor of biological ageing. There are in humans relationships between age, localisation and incidence of tumour which can retrospectively appear as syncarcinogenic factors. Using breast carcinoma in women as an example, it is shown that a carcinogenic effect cannot be demonstrated for two of the supposed carcinogenic factors, namely repeated diagnostic radiographic measures and administration of Rauwolfia-alkaloid containing drugs. PMID- 1112198 TI - [Diagnosis and operative treatment of coelic-artery compression]. AB - Stenosis of the coeliac artery by compression occurs predominantly in youngish patients and three times more frequently in women than men. It gives rise to abdominal symptoms, due to chronic disturbance of intestinal arterial supply. In eight patients, operated on for this condition, the characteristic symptoms were of abdominal pain, epigastric vascular sounds, loss of weight, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis could only be made by angiography of the coeliac and (or) mesenteric arteries, and lateral aortography. Analysis of 240 cases reported in the literature indicates that the condition is caused by compression of the coeliac artery by the medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm, and only in a few instances by nerve tissue of the mesenteric ganglion of the coeliac plexus. Operative treatment (decompression of the artery) removes symptoms in 83% of cases. PMID- 1112197 TI - [Significance of lead immission for pregnant women and neonates in the Ruhr area]. AB - Systematic measurements of blood lead levels in samples from 176 mature and premature neonates and 59 mothers in the western Ruhr-Rhine area demonstrated that at least 30% of statistical variance in blood lead levels depended on lead immission at the mother's place of residence. The close correlation between neonatal and maternal blood lead levels was confirmed. Identical and non identical twins had almost the same blood lead levels. Using a biological system for determining lead immission, blood lead levels in areas not covered by the present study can be prognosticated. PMID- 1112199 TI - [Antigenicity of serum albumin in allergy against cat or dog epithelium (significance of the radioallergosorbens test in the diagnosis of allergies)]. AB - Intracutaneous, nasal provocation (NPT) and radioallergosorbens (Phadebas RAST) tests were performed on 49 subjects hypersensitive to cats and (or)dogs using serum albumin and epithelium extracts from cats and dogs. Serum albumin elicited intracutaneous reactions in most of the subjects, but gave positive NPT und RAST results in only a few and was, therfore, of limited clinical importance. The intracutaneous tests with epithelium extracts were positive in some subjects in whom other tests had been negative. It is possible that these false-positive skin tests were caused by serum albumin present in the extracts, while in others non specific skin reactions were apparently caused by epithelial components. On the other hand, the results suggest that the few patients allergic to dogs were incorrectly diagnosed with the RAST. But the described in-vitro method increases the chances of diagnosing allergies against animal epithelia. It is furthermore useful in the interpretation of equivocal skin tests. PMID- 1112200 TI - [Contribution to the aetiology of "reversible hepatic dysfunction" (Stauffer's syndrome) associated with renal tumours]. AB - Biochemical changes, especially isolated rise in alkaline phosphatase and increased thromboplastin time, which have been described as "reversible hepatic dysfunction" (Stauffer's syndrome) were found in a 47-year-old patient with hypernephroma and hepatomegaly without liver metastases at post-mortem examination. The alkaline phosphatase could not be distinguished from the placental isoenzyme (Regan's enzyme). Increased thromboplastin time was due to circulating fibrinogen degradation products. PMID- 1112201 TI - [Diagnostic value of optimated activity determinations of alkaline phosphatases]. PMID- 1112202 TI - [Proposal for exemption of epileptic children from school sports]. PMID- 1112203 TI - [Transfer of cadavers to anatomic institutes]. PMID- 1112204 TI - [Letter: Catecholamine-active myocarditis in pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 1112205 TI - [Letter: Diagnosis of systemic candida-infections]. PMID- 1112206 TI - [Letter: Tegretal dosage in trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 1112207 TI - [Letter: Indication for carotid angiography]. PMID- 1112208 TI - [Letter: Pregnancy prevention]. PMID- 1112209 TI - [Letter: Vaccination complications]. PMID- 1112210 TI - [Chemotherapy of metastasizing breast cancers. Indications and results]. AB - Combined treatment with three or five chemotherapeutic drugs was given to 115 women with metastasizing breast cancer. These were unselected cases. Three drugs (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and prednisone) were given to 49 patients, with remissions occurring in 28, arrest in a further five. Five drugs (additional to the three mentioned ones: vincristine and 5-fluorouracil) were given to 66, with remission in 45 and arrest of the disease in another eight. There was no certain difference between the response to the two forms of treatment. Mean survival time for both forms was 13 months in the remission group and six months in the failure group. PMID- 1112211 TI - [Is there a risk of transmitting hepatitis by gastroduodenoscopy?]. AB - Among 211 patients undergoing gastroduodenoscopy five had been carriers of Australia antigen. The same instrument had been used on all, and follow-up examination was carried out two and four months after the gastroscopy. Twelve patients died during the follow-up period of their original disease. Two additional patients became Australia-antigen positive. One of these had liver cirrhosis. In the other, surgery with multiple infusions of albumin had been carried out after gastroscopy and could have been the cause of the Australia antigen transmission. No proven case of hepatitis transmission occurred in this group of patients. PMID- 1112212 TI - [Experimental and theoretical studies on the in-vivo production of a partially synchronous proliferating cell population with vincristine]. AB - The problem of whether vincristine can be used to synchronize partially cells in vivo was investigated. After injection of 0,0045 mug vincristine/g body-weight into mice practically all L1210-ascites tumour cells entering mitosis were arrested in metaphase up to the fourth hour. However, no second peak of the mitotic index was observed within 48 hours. Calculation of the theoretical mitotic index to be expected under the present experimental conditions also shows no second peak. The reason for this lack of synchrony is the long releasing time of the arrested cells. PMID- 1112213 TI - [Adverse effects of rifampicin and their biochemical principles]. PMID- 1112215 TI - [Letter: Problems of function analysis of the lower esophageal sphincter]. PMID- 1112214 TI - [Refusal of assistance in abortion]. PMID- 1112216 TI - [Letter: Improved postoperative results following antefixation of urinary bladder in hysterectomy]. PMID- 1112217 TI - [Letter: Resorption inhibiting effect of prenylamine]. PMID- 1112218 TI - [Letter: Osteoporosis]. PMID- 1112219 TI - [Letter: Insecticides in food]. PMID- 1112220 TI - [Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid and intracerebral arteries (author's transl)]. AB - Fibromuscular dysplasia was found in six patients (four women over 50 years, a 20 year-old man and a five-year-old girl). Angiography (in five cases performed because of a cerebrovascular accident) gave the typical appearance of "knotted string" changes in the large and medium sized arteries. With marked localized arterial narrowing treatment is surgical. Conservative treatment remains sympotomatic because the cause of the disease is still unknown. Even surgical treatment brings only sympotomatic relief and, because of the slowly progressive nature, is indicated only when there are neurological signs. PMID- 1112221 TI - [Combined traumatic rupture of the rotator cuff and nerve lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Traumatic damage to the rotator cuff was diagnosed in 13 patients by clinical, electromyographic and arthrographic studies. The main features were failure to rotate, elevate or abduct the affected shoulder joint. Eight patients also had peripheral nerve lesions: axillary nerve lesion was present in five, partial brachial plexus lesion in three. PMID- 1112222 TI - [Obligation of the health-insurance physician to follow drug guide-lines]. PMID- 1112223 TI - [Letter: Indication for surgery in a solitary gallstone]. PMID- 1112224 TI - [Letter: Problem of diagnosis in systemic Candida infections]. PMID- 1112225 TI - [Diagnosis of Alport's syndrome]. PMID- 1112226 TI - [Letter: Are there chronic recurrent diseases?]. PMID- 1112227 TI - [Letter: Perfusion-manometry in the recording of sphincter-pressure profiles]. PMID- 1112228 TI - [Gastric polyps: prognosis and treatment]. AB - 49 patients, previously treated for epithelial gastric polyps by resection or excision, were re-examined up to 22 years later. Except for those who had died of other diseases, in five histologically confirmed and in one a probable (radiologically) gastric carcinoma had been found. Three cases of gastric carcinoma without symptoms were discovered in the course of endoscopic follow-up examination. Two of these patients underwent radical operation (early carcinoma), while the third one proved to be inoperable. It is concluded that gastric polyps must be removed endoscopically or operatively and examined histologically: simple observation must be rejected. If the polyp is hyperplastic, local removal is sufficient. If there is a pure adenoma, two-third resection is essential. This is also true of hyperplasiogenic polyps if they are present in large numbers, while polypectomy is sufficient if solitary. Polyposis usually requires subtotal or total resection. Each patient with such polyps is exposed to a higher risk of gastric carcinoma. For this reason annual endoscopic control is necessary even if there are no symptoms. PMID- 1112229 TI - [Digestive and endocrine functions after partial duodeno-pancreatectomy]. AB - Pancreatico-duodenectomy was performed in 11 patients for malignant or inflammatory tumours of the head of the pancreas or the region of the papilla. Digestive and endocrine functions were determined after the operation. In all cases faecal fat values were abnormal, indicating a 90% loss of pancreas. 14C exhalation measurement, chymotrypsin determination in stool, and amylose tolerance test were also performed. Oral glucose-tolerance tests with plasma insulin measurement indicated asymptomatic diabetes mellitus in the majority of patients. Two patients whose diabetes was controlled by tablets before the operation required insulin treatment afterwards. A decreased serum-gastrin level proved the existence of gastric and extragastric sources of gastrin. PMID- 1112230 TI - [Passive immunization against rubella: studies on the effectiveness of rubella immunoglobulin after intranasal infection with rubella vaccination virus]. AB - The effectiveness of high-titre rubella immunoglobulin was tested on rubella susceptible female juveniles or young adults after intranasal immunization with rubella strain RA 27/3, 20 ml of rubella immunoglobulin having been administered intramuscularly to 56 subjects at different times (1, 3 and 5 days) after the immunization. The effect was demonstrated by seroconversion and virus isolation from the throat. In the control subjects (26) the secroconversion was 96% and in 42% of subjects virus was demonstrated in the throat. Early administration of rubella immunoglobulin (up to three days after immunization) depressed the seroconversion rate to 55% and virus isolation rate to 17.5%. Later administration (five days after immunization) increased the conversion rate to 81%, the isolation rate to 31%. There were no serious side effects of the immunization and the injection of the immunoglobulin. The results indicate that on early administration of an adequate amount of high-titre rubella immunoglobulin a protective effect can be expected, although this favourable effect-obtained in the conditions of this study-cannot be unreservedly transposed to the situation in wild virus infections. PMID- 1112231 TI - [Moving-picture corss-sectional echocardiography in normal children]. AB - Using a parallel-scan B-mode ultrasonic system (Vidoson, Siemens) 200 children with clinically normal hearts were examined. Using a cross-section parallel to the left sternal border, rapid and easily reporducible multi-frame echocardiograms were obtained with simultaneous presentation of the aortic, pulmonary and mitral valves. Interpretation of this cross-section, with echos from the three valves, the aortic route, pulmonary artery, right and left ventricles and left atrium, was checked against post-mortem studies and in-vivo contrast studies with ultrasonic contrast medium (indocyanine-green). As the described method is not ECG-triggered, only important morphological changes are demonstrable. PMID- 1112232 TI - [Primary calcification in Hodgkin's disease]. AB - A chance radiological observation of a calcified mediastinal tumour in 23-year old woman led to its operative removal. Histologically it proved to be a Hodgkin's sarcoma in a nodular sclerosing form of Hodgkin's disease. There was no other clinical evidence of Hodgkin's foci and, after radiotherapy, the patient has been without recurrence for over one year. PMID- 1112234 TI - [Treatment of unspecific urethritis]. PMID- 1112233 TI - [Diagnosis of unspecific urethritis]. PMID- 1112235 TI - [Regulation of purine metabolism and its modification by drugs]. PMID- 1112236 TI - [Law on industrial physicians]. PMID- 1112237 TI - [Letter: Prevention of hepatitis and blood transfusion]. PMID- 1112238 TI - [Letter: Reading apparatus for the blind]. PMID- 1112239 TI - [Focal lipodystrophy in the bone marrow]. AB - Small areas of slowly progressive disseminated osteolytic disease of unknown clinical, radiological and biochemical aertiology developed over three years in a 59-year-old man with exercise-induced pain in the left leg as the only symptom. Several bone biopsies merely revealed circumscribed primary dystrophy of the univacuolar medullary fat tissue with destruction and new formation of bone. The process, which is restricted to fat tissue of the bone marrow, has been termed "focal liposystrophy". It was also found in a briefly described second case. The pathogenesis is largely identical with comparable changes in extra-osseous fatty tissue which are also of unknown aetiology and usually termed "idiopathic". PMID- 1112240 TI - [A new rapid test for diagnosing micro-haematuria, compared with results of microscopic examination]. AB - Micro-haematuria may be difficult to diagnose because the usual sediment methods may be inadequate and test strips may in practice not be sensitive enough. The demarcation between normal and pathological RBC excretion is, therefore, not always clearly established. A new test strip (Sangur-Test) has its lower limit of positive results at 1 000 RBC/ml urine and physiological ranges of RBC excretion could be distinguished from micro-haematuria with satisfactory accuracy. Comparative tests of 637 freshly voided urine specimens in routine diagnosis produced no false-negative results and in only a small percentage of cases recorded a higher RBC concentration than the ten-field sediment method. PMID- 1112241 TI - [Lipid islands in the gastric mucosa]. AB - Circumscribed lipoid deposition in the gastric mucosa ("lipid island") can macroscopically be mistaken for "early cancer" of the stomach. The aetiology of the lipid islands is not quite clear. Precise diagnosis is possible only with selective biopsy and special staining. Such lipid islands were found in five patients among 1 200 gastrocopies. PMID- 1112242 TI - [Congenital hypoplasia of the right ventricular myocardium (Uhl's anomaly)]. AB - Partial aplasia of the right ventricular myocardium (Uhl's anomaly) was found at post-mortem examination of a 71-year-old woman. Most of the cases of this anomaly end fatally, in infancy or childhood, with treatment-resistant right heart failure, the diagnosis being only rarely made in life. PMID- 1112243 TI - [Differential diagnosis of benign liver tumours (two cases of focal nodular hyperplasia)]. AB - Two patients (33-year-old man and 24-year-old woman) with focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver were treated by surgery in 1973. This is a rare neoplasm of the liver which, according to past experience, is a benign one. The clinical signs and symptoms in the two patients were uncharacteristic, but on angiography there was marked tumour vascularization. Histologically the tumour is closely related to a hamartoma but its classification is diffucult because of the confused nomenclature. PMID- 1112244 TI - [Conservative treatment of phytobezoars of the stomach with cellulase]. AB - In a female patient anaemia due to chronic blood loss occurred after gastrectomy and subsequent vagotomy. Gastroscopy showed a phytobezoar to be the cause. In a second patient who had not had gastric surgery a phytobezoar was found as well as a prepyloric ulcer during investigations for upper abdominal symptoms. In both cases the phytobezoars could be removed completely within a short time after dissolution by an oral cellulase containing enzyme preparation and gastroscopic breaking-up. PMID- 1112245 TI - [Pre-renal failure due to villous adenoma of the colon]. AB - A 68-year-old man with known villous adenoma of the rectum had recurrent severe episodes of dehydration and electrolyte loss, misinterpreted as being due to "chronic pyelonephritic". The dehydration proved, in fact, to be due to the adenoma and ceased after removal of the tumour. PMID- 1112246 TI - [Pancytopenia in diabetes mellitus treatment with tolbutamide?]. AB - Pancytopenia developed in a 72-year-old woman after three years of tolbutamide treatment. When tolbutamide was discontinued and the usual treatment of pancytopenia undertaken, the anaemia persisted while the leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were reversed. Pancytopenia during tolbutamide treatment is extremely rare. But the blood picture and platelet count should be regularly checked in all patients receiving sulphonylurea drugs, ten days after starting treatment, every three months for the first year and then once yearly. PMID- 1112247 TI - [Treatment of reversible, uremia-inducing factors in chronic interstitial nephritis]. PMID- 1112248 TI - [Transplantation law]. PMID- 1112249 TI - [Letter: Insulin-induced hyperlipemia?]. PMID- 1112250 TI - Direct effect of testosterone and its 5alpha-reduced metabolites on pituitary LH and FSH release in vitro: change in pituitary responsiveness to hypothalamic extract. AB - A continuous flow incubation (perifusion) system was used to examine the effect of testosterone (T) and three of its 5alpha-reduced metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol (3alpha-Adiol) and its 3beta-epimer (3beta-Adiol) on LH and FSH release, induced by hypothalamic extract (HE). In the absence of steroids, successive identical pulses of HE, of 10 min duration each, administered at hourly intervals over a 8-hr period, caused highly reproducible release of LH and FSH. In experimental perifusions, the amounts of LH and FSH released in response to standard 10-min pulses of HE administered at hourly intervals during the continuous infusion of steroid for 4 6 hr were compared with the responses of the same pituitaries to the standard test pulses of HE given before the start of the steroid infusion and after its cessation. All the androgens tested altered pituitary responsiveness. At the 0.1 and 1.0 mug/ml dose level there were differences between the steroids in the way they influenced the responsiveness of the pituitary overtime. Their effects at these two doses fell into three categories depending on whether there was initially: 1) an augmentation of HE induced LH release (T and 3beta-Adiol), 2) augmentation of both FSH and LH release (DHT), OR 3) NO AUGMENTATION IN THE RELEASE OF EITHer gonadotrophin (3alpha-Adiol). All the androgens ultimately suppressed pituitary responsiveness to HE and all were associated with changes in the ratios of LH and FSH released. When the dose of T and 3 beta-Adiol was raised to 10 mug/ml or that of DHT lowered to 0.01 mug/ml the initial stimulatory phase was not seen. Epitestosterone, the biologically inactive epimer of T, did not alter the responsiveness of the pituitary of HE. PMID- 1112251 TI - Studies on the heterogeneity of labeled iodoprotein from iodine-replete and iodine-deficient rats as determined by susceptibility to proteolysis. AB - Thyroid iodoprotein from rats fed a high-iodine diet (HID) or a low-iodine diet (LID) were labeled with radioiodine in vivo for periods ranging from 4 hr to several days. Standardized aliquots of thyroid homogenate from rats with various treatments were digested for 4 hr with 1% pancreatin or with 0.003% pancreatin after 30 min pretreatment with beta-mercaptoethanol (ME-P). Four-hr labeled iodoprotein from both LID and HID rats was equally susceptible to digestion with 1% pancreatin; however, such iodoprotein from LID rats was more susceptible to digestion with ME-P than that from HID rats. With increasing intervals up to 7 days between administering radioiodine and removing the thyroids, there was a progressive rise in the resistance to digestion in iodoprotein from LID rats, but only a slight increase in resistance in iodoprotein from HID rats. If propylthiouracil was added to the diet beginning 24 hr after radioiodine administration, there was a marked increase in the rate of development of resistance of iodoprotein to digestion. Radioautographs showed that the radioiodine was localized primarily in the peripheral follicles after 2 days PTU. Similar differences in susceptibility to digestion were found in purified thyrogobulin prepared from HID and LID rats. No change in susceptibility to digestion of thyroid iodoprotein with time after labeling was seen in hypophysectomized LID rats in which thyroid secretion and thyroglobulin turnover is known to proceed at an extremely slow rate. The data indicate that there are at least two types of iodinated thyroglobulin in the rat thyroid. One is readily susceptible to digestion and has a rapid turnover in the thyroid. The other is more resistant to digestion, has a slow rate of turnover and is located primarily in the peripheral follicles. PMID- 1112252 TI - Precocious puberty: the effect of adrenalectomy on PMS-induced ovulation and progesterone secretion. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley derived rats were received at 21 days of age and either sham-operated or adrenalectomized on that day. Half of the animals received either 25 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMS) or 0.9 saline at 9 AM on the next day; the other half were injected at 26 days of age. On the day of expected ovulation (days 24-25 and days 28-29) the rats were killed at 4-hr intervals and the incidence of ovulation determined. Serum progesterone and corticosterone were measured with the intent of comparing the pattern of these steroids with the timing and incidence of ovulation. Twenty-two-day-old rats given PMS ovulated later (at 0400 on day 25) than did the 26-day-old rats (at 2400 on day 28). Adrenalectomized ADRX rats ovulated later than intact controls at both ages (ovulation complete at 1600 on days 25 and 29, respectively). There was a reduced ovarian weight response to PMS in ADRX rats but uterine weights were not consistently different from intact PMS-treated rats. Associated with the different timing of ovulation and organ weight response in the ADRX rats there was a lower serum progesterone response on days 24-25. In intact PMS-treated rats, the rhythm of the serum corticosterone was different in the two age groups. It is concluded that adrenalectomy alters the normal response to PMS resulting in a delay in the time of ovulation. It is possible that the adrenal normally participates in the induction of ovulation after PMS, possibly by acting as an internal priming agent to facilitate gonadotrophin release in the young rat. PMID- 1112253 TI - Vitamin D, dietary calcium and parathyroid hormone interactions in chicks. AB - The effect of dietary vitamin D levels on the response to iv injected parathyroid hormone (PTH) was studies in chicks fed one of three diets: D-deficient, Control D (1.4IU cholecalciferol/g diet), or High-D (70 IU cholecalciferol/g diet) during the first 4 weeks post-hatching. Compared to chicks on Control-D diet, chicks on the D-deficient diet had significantly decreased plasma Ca levels at 2 and 4 weeks and increased plasma P levels at 17 and 21 days. The plasma Ca response to a low dose of PTH (15 USP U/100 g body wt) 1 hr postinjection was normal at 1 week, reduced at 2 weeks and absent at 4 weeks in D-deficient chicks. However, a 4-16-fold higher dose of PTH did elicit a significant, though subnormal, response in this group at 3 and 4 weeks. Chicks fed the D-deficient diet with 2.8% Ca, compared to 1.4% Ca, showed a near normal plasma Ca level and bone ash content and only a small increase in plasma P at 17 and 21 days. However, the plasma Ca response to 15 U PTH/100 g body wt in this group was significantly increased only at 17 days and not at 21 days. In contrast, the hyperphosphatemic response to PTH was not markedly diminished in the D-deficient group, and it was restored to Control-D levels in the D-deficienyt High Ca group. These data suggest that different mechanisms may be involved in the Ca and P responses. PMID- 1112254 TI - Placental steroidogenesis in the rat: progesterone production by tissue of the basal zone. AB - Previous reports suggested that the rat placenta had a rather limited capacity for steroidogenesis, particularly with respect to progesterone production. We found that the basal zone in the rat placenta, which contains the steroidogenic giant cells, can be isolated by simple surgical separation, and using them for in vitro incubations, significant conversion of pregnenolone-7 alpha-3H to progesterone-1H could be demonstrated. The 5alpha-reduced metabolites of progesterone, as well as compounds of the delta4 pathway, including 17alpha hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone were also isolated and characterized. When progesterone-7alpha-3H was added as precursor, most of it remained unmetabolized, but qualitatively identical products were isolated as were found when pregnenolong-7alpha-3H was used as precursor. Incubations of the whole placenta and of labyrinth tissue yielded relatively much lower progesterone 3H from pregnenolone-7alpha-3H. Our results have thus established that the rat placenta is a steroidogenic organ, just as in many other species. Past difficulties in isolating progesterone from in vitro studies may possibly be due to the intense activity of the enzyme 5alpha-reductase when the whole placenta was used. PMID- 1112255 TI - The role of LH in the luteotrophic process of lactating rats. AB - The role of LH in the leuteotrophic process was examined by evaluating progesterone secretion in pregnant, lactating, and pregnant lactating rats, and the response of these rats to antisera against LH (LHAS) was observed. Ovarian venous progesterone concentration in lactating rats was elevated as litter size increased. Treatment with LHAS on day 8 postpartum of rats nursing 12 pups significantly decreased peripheral progesterone levels within 24 hr. Treatment with LHAS on days 8 and 9 of pregnancy terminated gestation in all normal pregnant animals by in similarly treated pregnant lactating rats gestation was maintained until day 14 in 4 of 10 rats. If the litter was removed from pregnant lactating dams at the time of initiation of LHAS treatment, pregnancy was interrupted in all 12 animals. Ovarian venous progesterone concentration was reduced by greater than 90% 24 hr after LHAS treatment on day 8 of normal pregnant rats and 20alpha-OH-P increased such that the concentration of total progestins remained constant. Ovarian venous progesterone concentration 24 hr after LHAS treatment of pregnant lactating rats was reduced by 50% in animals receiving daily estradiol treatment by LHAS had little effect in pregnant lactating animals which received a single injection of estradiol on day 4 postpartum. The level of 20alpha-OH-P in pregnant lactating animals was not affected by LHAS. The results of these studies demonstrate that in lactating rats nursing a large litter (12 pups) LH is part of the luteotrophic complex, and the data obtained from studies in pregnant lactating rats suggest that when pregnancy and lactation are superimposed the role of LH in the luteotrophic process on day 8 of gestation is diminished. PMID- 1112256 TI - Transformation of 3H-dopamine during transport from CSF to hypophysial portal blood. AB - The capacity of the hypothalamus to transport dopamine from brain tissue into hypophysial portal blood was investigated. One hour after injection 10 muCi of 3H dopamine into a lateral ventricle of male rats, radioactivity was present in the brain, in the anterior pituitary gland, and in systemic plasma. The highest concentration of radioactivity was found in the hypothalamus, whereas the lowest was found in systemic plasma. The cerebrum and systemic plasma contained over 50% of the dose injected, whereas the anterior pituitary gland contained no more than 0.2%. Three doses of 3H-dopamine (0.1, 1, 1nd 10 muCi) were injected into a lateral ventricle, and hypophysial portal and arterial blood were collected at 7 mu1/min for two hours. Ten min after injection, radioactivity was detected in hypophysial portal blood, reached a peak within 15-20 min, and then declined gradually to attain a concentration similar to that in arterial blood. Portal and arterial plasma and tissue extracts from rats injected intraventricularly with 3H dopamine were subjected to gel filtration on a Sephadex G-10 comumn and to paper electrophoresis. The hypothalamus as well as the cerebrum contained several radiolabeled substances one of which appeared to behave like 3H-dopamine. However, no free 3H-dopamine was evident at this time either in blood or in the anterior pituitary gland. The results of chromatography and electrophoresis of dialyzed portal plasma indicate that much of the radioactivity was bound to macromolecules (probably plasma proteins) larger than 10,000-12,000 molecular weight. When the radioactive compound was dissociated from the macromolecule with perchloric acid, the dissociated compound did not behave as free 3H-dopamine as judged by gel filtration and electrophoresis. It is concluded that a transformation of 3H-dopamine occurred during passage from the CSF to blood and that no 3H-dopamine was present in portal blood. A large portion of the radioactivity was bound to plasma macromolecules. PMID- 1112257 TI - Acute inhibition of mineralization and stimulation of bone resorption mediated by hypophosphatemia. AB - Using rats previously labeled with 45Ca, the effects of a severely phosphate deficient diet on calcium mobilization from bone into serum were examined in both intact and thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) RATS. With the TPTX animals, increased calcium mobilization from bone was evident 12 hr after the rats had been placed on the low phosphorus diet. At that time period, both TPTX and intact rats had become severely hypophosphatemic. However, in intact rats, calcium mobilization was not observed until 48 hr had elapsed. Both intact and TPTX hypophosphatemic rats developed hypercalcemia. To determine if inhibition of calcium deposition into bone contributed to this change, the course of 45Ca movement from blood into bone was followed in an experiment where rats received a single injection of the isotope at the time the low phosphorus diet was given. The animals on the low phosphorus diet showed a significantly lower bone specific activity and a higher serum specific activity compared to the control group, indicating calcium deposition into bone was inhibited. We conclude that the acute response to hypophosphatemia, resulting from the low phosphorus dietary regimen, was an increase in bone resorption and an inhibition of bone mineralization. The increase in bone resorption occurred more rapidly in TPTX rats than in the intact animals. PMID- 1112258 TI - Electrophoretic patterns of serum albumins collected from hereditary obese and diabetic mice. AB - Sera collected at different post-feeding times from C57BL/6J, C57BL/6J-ob/ob, C57BL/KsJ and C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice were electrophoresed in urea-containing gels. According to variation in susceptibility of albumin molecules to urea denaturation, several ligand-binding albumins migrated as different bands. Sera collected at different post-feeding times from C57BL/6J mice showed different electrophoretic patterns; serum collected after a 20-hr starvation period consisted mainly of fatty acid-bound albumin (Band 1); serum collected after refeeding lacked fatty acid-bound albumin but contained slower migrating bands (Bands 3-7, the nature of which are obscure and show a resemblance to normal human sera. Sera collected during and after feeding from C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice showed an albumin pattern resembling that collected during and after feeding from C57BL/6J normal mice, but that collected during the fasting state from ob/ob mice contains Bands 3-7, which were not observed in the fasting state in normal mice. On the contrary, sera collected from C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice showed quite different patterns; Bands 3-4 did not appear in the sera collected during and after feeding, although the albumin pattern in the fasting state showed a normal pattern. Administration of insulin or anti-diabetic agents to fasted mice induced Bands 3-7, suggesting a relationship of Bands 3-7 to glucose metabolism of insulin action. To study the nature of the albumin-ligand complex, in vitro experiments were conducted and are reported herein. PMID- 1112259 TI - Steroid production by the isolated rabbit ovarian follicle. III. Actinomycin D insensitive stimulation of steroidogenesis by LH. AB - The action of LH on steroidogenesis by isolated rabbit ovarian follicles has been examined. Follicles were incubated in culture medium at 37 C with medium being changed every 15 min. Media were analyzed for progestin, androgen and estrogen using established radioimmunoassay procedures. 'progestin and androgen secretion declined rapidly within 1.5 hr of incubation. Addition of LH (NIH-LH-S16), 5 mug/ml, for as little as 1 sec caused a dramatic increase in synthesis and secretion of androgen (greater than 100%) with lesser increases in secretion of progestin and estrogen. When puromycin and cycloheximide were added separately with LH there was inhibition of steroidogenesis for as long as either inhibitor was present in the medium. Addition of puromycin or cycloheximide after a mixture of LH and puromycin or cycloheximide delayed steroidogenesis until all of either inhibitor was removed. Actinomycin D in the medium failed to inhibit LH-induced steroidogenesis. These data suggest that the action of LH on steroidogenesis by the rabbit ovarian follicle probably occurs at the translational level and the binding of LH to the follicular ce-ls is a very rapid process. PMID- 1112260 TI - Modification of stress-induced prolactin release by dexamethasone or adrenalectomy. AB - A study was conducted to determine the influence of conditions known to alter ACTH secretion on prolactin release by the pituitary. Dexamethasone or 0.9% NaCl was injected subcutaneously into intact male rats 4 hr before a 2-min ether stress. Other rats were submitted to the ether stress 2 weeks following adrenalectomy. Five min following exposure to the ether stress, the rats were decapitated and trunk blood was collected. Dexamethasone (31, 125 or 500 mug/kg) blocked the stress-induced prolactin release in a dosage dependent manner with the highest dose decreasing plasma prolactin to levels similar to those observed in rats not exposed to the ether stress. Conversely, adrenalectomy was found to potentiate prolactin release due to ether stress. The results indicate that the adrenal may play a regulatory role in stress-induced prolactin release. The are also consistent with the suggestion that a common pathway or mechanism may be involved in pituitary release. PMID- 1112261 TI - Formation and secretion of 5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol-3-one, 5alpha-androstan 3alpha,17beta-diol and 5alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol by the perfused rabbit testis epididymis. AB - Rabbit testes epididymides were perfused in vitro at 36.5 C with an artificial medium containing bovine red blooc cells. Three major testosterone metabolites were formed and subsequently elaborated into the venous effluent of testes epididymibdes when testosterone-1,2,6,7-3-H was infused into the artery of the perfused organ. In contrast, testosterone-1,2,6,7-1-H remained unchanged when incubated in the artificial medium under similar conditions. Elution volume from a Sephadex LH-20 column, development in three ascending paper chromatographic (APC) systems, acetylation and development in a fourth APC system followed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of the acetylated products tentatively identified the radioactive-metabolites as 5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol-3-one (DHT), 5alpha androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol (3alphaol) and 5alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol (3beta-ol). The identity of these 5alpha-reduced testosterone metabolites was confirmed by crystallization to constant specific activity in the presence of authentic carrier steroid. These results suggest that DHT and androstanediols formed by perfused rabbit testes epididymides subsequently escape into the venous effluent. PMID- 1112262 TI - Partial masculinization of rat liver enzyme activities following treatment with FSH. AB - The metabolism of 4-(4014C)androstene-3,17-dione and 5alpha-(4-14C)androstene 3alpha, 17beta-diol was studies in the microsomal fraction and that of 4-(4-14C) androstene-3,17-dione in the 105,000 times g supernatant fraction of livers from castrated male and female rats treated with LH and FSH. Administration of LH led to significant decreases in 17-hydroxysteroid reduction and 7alpha-hydroxylation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione in both male and female rats and in 6beta hydroxylation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione in female rats. FSH on the other hand specifically stimulated (masculinized) the following sex-dependent hydroxylations: 16alpha-hydroxylation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione in female rats and 2alpha-, and 2beta- and 18-hydroxylation of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta diol in male rats. The metabolism of 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 5alpha androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol was also studied in castrated male and female rats given testosterone propionate and in castrated female rats given testosterone propionate in combination with LH or FSH. It was shown that neither LH nor FSH could compensate for the relative androgen-unresponsiveness exhibited by female as compared to male rats. It is concluded that FSH but not LH may participate in the regulation of sex-dependent hydroxylase systems in rat liver.?2,Author PMID- 1112263 TI - Male-induced precocial puberty in female mice: confirmation of the role of estrogen. AB - Previous work has shown that exposure of prepubertal female mice to an adult male results in an immediate, sequential release of LH and estrogen. An ovulating release of LH follows in a predictable 3-day period, providing that male-exposure occurs at a particular body weight. Using this three day system, the present objective was to determine how effectively exogenous estrogen would substitute for the male's presence. Control experiments established that neither social isolation nor exposure to a castrated male would yield ovulatory puberty within the 3-day experimental period. Immature females were then subjected to a variety of sequences of three daily treatments including male-exposure and/or steroid injection. Two days of male exposure and no treatment on the third day was as effective in eliciting ovulation on the third night as 3 full days of cohabitation. Furthermore, either or both of the first two days of male-exposure could be mimicked by single injections of estrogen if followed by male-exposure for the remainder of the experimental period. A single injection of estrogen on the first day was ineffective in eliciting ovulation unless followed by male exposure for 2 days, by a second injection of estrogen on day 2, or by an injection of progesterone on the third day. It was concluded that, as far as the induction of puberty is concerned, the important action of the male's presence is to elicit estrogen secretion (via a subovulating release of LH), and that this process must continue for 2 days, even in immediately prepubertal females, if the pubertal ovulation is to occur during the third night. PMID- 1112264 TI - Evolution of adrenal-regeneration hypertension in blinded rats. AB - The influence of blinding upon the blood pressure and adrenal regeneration of monoephrectomized but otherwise normal and mononephrectomized adrenal-enucleate rats on a high Na intake was evaluated. Blinding had no effect on control blood pressure, or upon the incidence, course and severity of adrenal-regeneration hypertension. Similarly there was no discernible effect on the regeneration of enucleate adrenal glands. The adrenal glandsands of otherwise normal blinded rats showed some enlargement in proportion to body weight, a finding which is probably attributable to loss of body weight in several animals. PMID- 1112265 TI - The androgen status of vasectomized rats. AB - Several factors related to androgen status were examined in vasectomized and sham operated rats during and at the end of the 7th postoperative month. Average serum testosterone levels during the 7th month were based on three biweekly bleedings of 12 rats in each group, with determined values of 1.84 plus or minus 0.61 ng/ml (X plus or minus SD) for vasectomized rats and 2.38 plus or minus 0.78 ng/ml for sham-operated rats. Although average serum testosterone levels were 23% lower in vasectomized rats as compared to sham-operated controls, high coefficients of variation (33% and 32% in the two groups, respectively) rendered the difference insignificant. Within 1 hr of hCG administration, serum testosterone rose to 5.07 plus 1.94 ng/ml and 5.73 plus or minus 3.21 ng/ml in vasectomized and sham operated rats. Eighteen hr after castration, testosterone had fallen below 0.25 ng/ml in both groups. Weights of testes and accessory sex organs were similar in both groups. Significant differences were not detected in the abundance, volume, or ultrastructure of Leydig cells. Each category of data collected in this study failed to reveal statistically significant differences were not detected in the abundance, volume, or ultrastructure of Leydig cells. Each category of data collected in this study failed to reveal statistically significant differences between the two groups, thereby supporting the essential normalcy of vasectomized rats with respect to androgen status. PMID- 1112266 TI - Prostaglandin levels in tissues of the male reproductive system in six strains of mice. AB - Prostaglandin E and F were measured in the testis, epididymis and vas deferens of six strains of inbred mice (A/J, AKR/J, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, BALB/J and CE/J. The concentration of PGE and PGF was significantly higher in the vas deferens than in either the testis or the epididymis. Furthermore, the cauda epididymis contained a higher level of PGs than the caput portion. The relative preponderance of PGF to E varied between the tissues. The levels of PGs in the studies tissues indicated that they might be directly associated with the biological process of sperm maturation. The significant differences among strains of mice suggested that the observed variation might be, to a large extent, genetic. PMID- 1112267 TI - On the quaternary structure of high-molecular-weight proteins from the bovine eye lens. AB - Electron micrographs of high (40-S) and very-high-molecular-weight (240S) alpha crystallin preparations show large aggregates with a random arrangement of individual low-molecular-weight alpha-crystallin molecules. The electron microscopic data are completed with viscosimetric and light-scattering experiments. All data obtained with higher-molecular-weight alpha-crystallins point to aggregates with non-spherical structures. PMID- 1112268 TI - Studies on messenger and ribosomal RNA synthesis in plant tissue cultures induced to undergo synchronus cell division. AB - Messenger and ribosomal RNA metabolism was tudied in a plant tissue culture system: cells from the quiescent tubers of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) were induced to divide synchronously and dedeifferentiate by excision and culture of explants in nutrient medium. Large accumulations of ribosomal RNA and protein started early in the 20-h lag-period preceding the first division. In pulse-labelling experiments, two types of polydisperse messenger-like RNAs were detected one with and one without a poly(adenylic acid) sequence. In the first 2 h of culture the two polydisperse RNA fractions were the predominant types of RNA synthesised. Ribosomal RNA synthesis was very low during the first 2 h, but acclerated later. Low concentrations of actinomycin-D strongly inhibited ribosomal RNA synthesis, but had little effect on the synthesis of transfer RNA or either type of polydisperse messenger-like RNA. In explants cultured with low concentrations of actinomycin-D ribosomal RNA accumulation was completely inhibited, but cell division and protein accumulation occurred, though at a reduced rate. It is concluded that the synthesis and accumulation of new ribosomal RNA which normally occur during culture are not required for the induction of cell division or for protein accumulation, i.e. the ribosomal RNA existing in the quiescent tuver cells can support protein accumulation and cell division induced by excision and culture. The quiescent tuber tissue is also shown to contain significant amounts of messenger-like RNA. PMID- 1112269 TI - Determination of mRNA half-life in HeLa cultures by a poly(A)-independent direct analysis of specific radioactivity of mRNA. AB - mRNA specific radioactivity in HeLa cultures exposed to (3H)uridine (10 muM) was determined directly by a highly selective poly(A)-independent method which we have described previously. Neither uridine in mRNA nor UTP approached the specific radioactivity of the exogenous (3H)uridine, but attained steady-state specific radioactivities which remained a third below the value of the added precursor. Using the labeling data for the evaluation of mRNA turnover, previously described by Greenberg, mRNA half-life in exponentially growing HeLa cultures was found to be 0.87 times the cell doubling time. Decay curves of mRNA in prelabeled cultures were in accordance with these values (half-life equals 0.79 times the cell doubling time) when corrected for growth and also for "reutilization" which was accomplished by relating uridine labeling in mRNA to UTP specific radioactivity. The experiments showed that an exact evaluation of mRNA turnover is possible only when the following points are taken into account. a) A constant supply of exogenous labeled uridine must be provided to guarantee a constant specific radioactivity of UTP. b) Labeling of CTP and of cytidine in RNA are delayed when compared with UTP and uridine in RNA. Corrections for cytidine labeling in RNA are therefore required. c) As rRNA approached a definitely lower steady-state specific radioactivity than mRNA, mRNA specific radioactivities must be determined directly (i.e. by radioactivity and absorbance at 260 nm in isolated mRNA fractions) in order to evaluate true turnover of this RNA species. PMID- 1112270 TI - Molecular forms of yeast invertase. AB - The molecular forms of yeast invertase have been studied. It is shown that by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 it is possible to demonstrate the presence not only of a light, carbohydrate-free, invertase, and a heavy invertase containing 50% carbohydrate, but also of a continuous spectrum of molecular forms that probably represent the sequential addition of mannose to the light form during the secretion process, which culminates in the formation on the heavy enzyme that is found outside the cytoplasmic membrane. The elution volume-void volume ratio in Sephadex G-200 varies from 1.75 of the light to 1.05 of the heavy invertase. The separation of invertase has also been achieved by ion-exchange chromatography and by isoelectric focusing and is facilitated by removal of the heavy form by ammonium sulphate precipitation. During the protoplasting process the removal of the cell wall is accompanied by the loss of most of the heavy form. Thintermediate forms are exclusively detected inside the protoplast, together with the light invertase and a small amount of heavy invertase. The effect of 2 deoxy-D-glucose and cycloheximide on the biosynthesis and distribution of molecular forms of yeast invertase has also been studied. In the presence of 10 mM glucose Saccharomyces 303-67 repressed cells readily synthesize invertase during the two-hour incubation period. Upon the addition of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, at a concentration of 75 mu g/ml, the observed inhibition in the cells is 60%, but if the activity is measured after breaking the cells, only a 31% inhibition is found, revealing an accumulation of invertase inside the protoplast. 2-Deoxy-D glucose originates a pile-up of the light and intermediate forms at the expense of the formation of the heavy enzyme, showing that the inhibition of the glycosilation and, therefore, the secretion process, has taken place. In the absence of de novo invertase synthesis originated by cycloheximide, the glycosilation process still takes place as indicated by the accumulation of the heavy form at the expense of the light, carbohydrate-free, enzyme. PMID- 1112271 TI - Electrophoretic characterization of membrane proteins during chloroplast development in barley. AB - Membranes of plastids isolated from greening 15-cm (6 days) barley seedling were analysed electrophoretically using acid-soaked polyacrylamide gels. During greening five new major classes of membrane-bound proteins appeared having apparent molecular weights of 100 000, 63 000, 41 000, 39 000, and 34 000, respectively. As greening progressed these proteins became the prominent feature of the electrophoretic pattern. Chloramphenicol and cycloheximide each had different inhibitory effects on the appearance of the new protein bands. Mutants of barley (xantha-f, g, h) blocked at an early stage in chloroplast development lacked the light-induced bands. Conversely, mutants xantha-b-12 and b-18 with lamellar systems organized into giant grana lacked some, but not all, of the light-induced bands. At the early stages of greening the newly formed membrane proteins and chlorophyll were inserted into existing membranes. At later stages, all membrane components appeared to be synthesized. Evidence is discussed that certain membrane proteins are specific for grana, while others are associated with stroma lamellae. PMID- 1112272 TI - DNA-binding proteins in young and senescent normal human fibroblasts. PMID- 1112273 TI - Implantation and invasiveness of mouse blastocysts on uterine monolayers. PMID- 1112274 TI - Studies on rabbit lymphocytes in vitro. XVII. Kinetics of reversible concanavalin A stimulation and restimulation of blast transformation after blocking with alpha methyl-D-mannopyranoside. PMID- 1112275 TI - Studies on rabbit lymphocytes in vitro. XX. Demonstration of cells reactive to more than one mitogen by mixed sequential stimulation. PMID- 1112276 TI - A comparison of protein synthetic patterns in normal and animalized sea urchin embryos. PMID- 1112277 TI - Selective inhibition of thymidine transport at low doses of the alkylating agents triethyleneiminobenzoquinone (Trenimon). PMID- 1112278 TI - In vitro response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as studied with antiserum to PHA. II. Cell cycle analyses. PMID- 1112279 TI - The age-distribution of cell cycle populations in plant root meristems. Complex tissues. PMID- 1112280 TI - Utilization of glutamine for energy and protein synthesis by cultured rabbit follicular oocytes. PMID- 1112281 TI - Calcium activation of esteroproteolytic activity obtained from sea urchin egg cortical granules. PMID- 1112282 TI - Temperature-induced cell proliferation in mouse ear epidermis in vivo. PMID- 1112283 TI - Localization of ribosomal cistrons in metaphase chromosomes of Vicia faba (L.). PMID- 1112284 TI - Concanavalin A inhibits the dispersion of the cortical granule contents of sand dollar eggs. PMID- 1112285 TI - The development of synapses in kitten visual cortex during visual deprivation. PMID- 1112286 TI - Self-regulation of pain: the use of alpha-feedback and hypnotic training for the control of chronic pain. PMID- 1112287 TI - Distal hind-limb reflex responses in cats with largely intact spinal reflex circuits. PMID- 1112288 TI - Electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus of the rabbit. PMID- 1112289 TI - Effects of optic primordium removal on the development of the isthmo-optic nucleus in the duck (Anus platyrhynchos). PMID- 1112290 TI - Developmental changes in auditory evoked potentials in the inferior colliculi of mice during periods of susceptibility to priming. PMID- 1112291 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss, auditory evoked potentials, and protection from audiogenic seizures in mice. PMID- 1112292 TI - Reserpine induced alteration of physiological properties and histochemical fiber types in rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 1112293 TI - Intracellular recording during focal hypothermia in cat pericruciate cortex. PMID- 1112294 TI - Intracellular recording during focal hypothermia of penicillin and alumina experimental epileptic foci. PMID- 1112295 TI - A quantitative analysis of the response of presynaptic boutons to postsynaptic motor neuron axotomy. PMID- 1112296 TI - Extensions of the relative risk concept. PMID- 1112297 TI - Types of cell contacts in arterial smooth muscle. PMID- 1112298 TI - Septate-like junctions between spermatogonia in human seminiferous epithelium. PMID- 1112299 TI - Cytology of experimental teratomas and teratocarcinomas. PMID- 1112300 TI - DNA synthesis in cell cultures following repeated exposure to fresh cigarette smoke. PMID- 1112301 TI - The effect of L-dopa, noradrenalin and adrenalin on P-388 mouse leukemia, B-16 mouse melanoma and E 0771 mammary carcinoma. PMID- 1112302 TI - Reticuloendothelial system blockade as an effective method of radioprotection. PMID- 1112303 TI - Fractions of trapped plasma in the packed red blood cells of maternal, fetal and ox bloods. PMID- 1112304 TI - Relative oxygenase activities in juvenile hormone biosynthesis of corpora allata of an African locust (Schistocerca gregaria) and American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). PMID- 1112305 TI - Pinealectomy inhibits stimulation of testicular development by long photoperiods in a hamster (Phodopus sungorus). PMID- 1112306 TI - Developmental phases in visual recognition of the human face pattern, exemplified by the 'smiling response'. PMID- 1112307 TI - [A new technic for peptide synthesis: the alternating solid-liquid method]. PMID- 1112308 TI - 6- and 6'-hydroxyneothiobinupharidine. Monohemiaminals from Nuphar luteum and their possible role in thiaspirane Nuphar alkaloid biogenesis. PMID- 1112309 TI - A one-step synthesis of (-)-delta1- tetrahydrocannabinol from chrysanthenol. PMID- 1112310 TI - A single-chain triple helical structure in synthetic polypeptides. PMID- 1112311 TI - Sex pheromones of the armyworm moth, Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.). PMID- 1112312 TI - Increase in cystathionine beta-synthase activity in the liver of rats treated with L-ethionine. PMID- 1112313 TI - On the location of glutamate decarboxylase in the caryopsis of hard wheat (Triticum durum) and its activity during early germination. PMID- 1112314 TI - Presence of adenosine triphosphate in tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) tissue grown in nutrient medium containing various concentrations of kinetin. PMID- 1112315 TI - Glyoxalase II activity in tumours. PMID- 1112316 TI - Mitochondrial morphological changes in mucosal epithelial cells. PMID- 1112317 TI - Inhibitory peptides from concanavalin A. PMID- 1112318 TI - Electrophoretic study of carboxylesterases during the ontogenesis of Medicago scutellata. PMID- 1112319 TI - The anatomy and innervation of the ecdysial glands of the mature larva of castor silk moth, Philosamia ricini Hutt. PMID- 1112320 TI - [Individual differences in prey selection of inexperienced Anolis]. PMID- 1112321 TI - Moth mating periodicity: temperature regulates the circadian gate. PMID- 1112322 TI - The rate of testicular development in Japanese quali (Coturnix coturnix-japonica) following stimulation of the extra retinal photoreceptor. PMID- 1112323 TI - Structure dependent catalytic effect of cupric ion on the hydrolysis of cephalosporins. PMID- 1112324 TI - Frequency of hypocatalasemia in a sample of Spanish population. PMID- 1112325 TI - Effects of temperature on osmotic responses and on transmembrand efflux of urea and sodium in vascular smooth muscle cells. PMID- 1112326 TI - Evidence for inward calcium current in the absence of external sodium in rat myocardium. PMID- 1112327 TI - Elevation of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. PMID- 1112328 TI - [Early effects of hypothyroidism on synaptogenesis in the cerebellar cortex of the newborn rat]. PMID- 1112329 TI - Effect of decapacitation factor on the oxygen uptake of rabbit spermatozoa recovered from the uterus. PMID- 1112330 TI - Phlorizin binding to bilayer vesicles of phospholipids and phospholipid cholerterol. PMID- 1112331 TI - Deoxyribonucleases and nucleic acid content of rat liver under the influence of single toxic diethylnitrosamine doses. PMID- 1112332 TI - The effect of oxotremorine on the acetylcholine output from the CSF containing spaces. PMID- 1112333 TI - Prostaglandin feedback mechanism limits vasoconstrictor action of norepinephrine in perfused rabbit ear. PMID- 1112334 TI - Isoprotenerol induction of pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 1112335 TI - The effect of LSD on somite number in explanted chick embryos. PMID- 1112336 TI - Glycogenolytic effect of adipose tissue extract. PMID- 1112337 TI - Inhibitors of prostaglandin catabolism. I. Differential sensitivity of 9-PGDH, 13 PGR and 15-PGDH to low concentrations of indomethacin. PMID- 1112338 TI - Microheterogeneity of staphylococcal enterotoxin C2. PMID- 1112339 TI - Studies on the adaptive nature of cellulolytic enzyme from Chaetomium aureum Chivers. PMID- 1112340 TI - Metabolic changes induced by galactose. PMID- 1112341 TI - Further studies on the effect of imipramine and desipramine on uridine diphosphate. PMID- 1112342 TI - Fast rejoining processes in Nigella damascena Chromosomes after fractionated exposures to accelerated electrons. PMID- 1112343 TI - Cytotaxonomical consideration of the genus Blennius (Pisces-Perciformes). PMID- 1112344 TI - [Multipolar effect of vinblastine on cell division in Allium cepa L]. PMID- 1112345 TI - Structure and permeability of junctions in phytohemagglutinin stimulated human lymphocytes. PMID- 1112346 TI - Glucose consumption by early and late-passage diploid human fibroblasts during growth and stationary phase. PMID- 1112347 TI - Biometric analysis of incipient speciation in the ringed snake. Natrix natrix (L.). PMID- 1112348 TI - The glair glands and oosetae of Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet). PMID- 1112349 TI - Cuticular gas in marine decapod crustacea. PMID- 1112350 TI - Electrical transcutaneous nerve stimulation for relief of itch. PMID- 1112351 TI - Relationships between age of submission to environmental stress, and monoamine oxidase activity in rats. PMID- 1112352 TI - The hyperglycemic effect of adrenaline infused after exhausting, prolonged physical exercise in dogs. PMID- 1112353 TI - Catecholamines in fetal and neonatal rabbit heart. PMID- 1112354 TI - Sex and calcium transport through the duodenal wall of rats. PMID- 1112355 TI - The effect of sulfhydryl reagents on cation binding by membrane fragments. PMID- 1112356 TI - An ultrastructural study of the synaptic glomeruli in the intermediolateral nucleus of the rat. PMID- 1112357 TI - 2-Allyl-2-isopropylacetylurea and its influence on the haematopoetic syxtem. PMID- 1112359 TI - Effect of the venom sac content of the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) on the metamorphosis of the toad tadpole (Bufo viridis). PMID- 1112358 TI - Inhibition of the local hemorrhagic Shwartzman reaction by an acid proteinase. PMID- 1112360 TI - Contractile response of halothane-depressed isolated atria to various substrates. PMID- 1112361 TI - Brain abnormalities in the lurcher (Lc) mutant mouse. PMID- 1112362 TI - Acid phosphatase in Golgi vesicles of osteoblasts. PMID- 1112363 TI - Ultrastructure of distant paired homologues in oocyte of Tisbe holothuriae (copepoda). PMID- 1112364 TI - Induction of skeletal malformations in organ cultures of mouse limb buds. PMID- 1112365 TI - Radio-protection of arousing ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus) by endogenous catecholamines. PMID- 1112366 TI - [Platelet chloroquine and serotonin. Demonstration of competitive inhibition of serotonin uptake]. PMID- 1112367 TI - Cell-mediated immunity associated with long term transplantation resistance to a syngeneic tumour of spontaneous origin. Detection by two in vitro tests. PMID- 1112368 TI - The protection of mice against experimental infection by means of immunization with enriched membrane fraction of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 1112369 TI - Magnesium status and iodide uptake by thyroid gland. PMID- 1112370 TI - Moulting hormone in Locuta migratoria: rate of ecdysone 20-hydroxylation and excretion during the last larval instar. PMID- 1112371 TI - [Timesaving automatic supply of mitostatica to leucocyte cultures for chromosome preparation]. PMID- 1112372 TI - Measurement of fibrinolysis in rat system by one-dimensional diffusion method. PMID- 1112373 TI - 125-I in electron microscope autoradiography. PMID- 1112374 TI - Aspects of venous drainage and tissue fluid dynamics in the eye. PMID- 1112375 TI - One thousand consecutive outpatient cataract extractions. PMID- 1112376 TI - A light in the darkness. PMID- 1112377 TI - Effects of phenobarbital on intra-aural muscle reflexes in retarded children. PMID- 1112378 TI - The riddle of chronic secretory otitis media. PMID- 1112379 TI - Contaminated cosmetics as cause of eye infections. PMID- 1112380 TI - Is support of abortion political suicide? PMID- 1112381 TI - Legal abortions in the United States since the 1973 Supreme Court decisions. PMID- 1112382 TI - Family planning programs and fertility declines in developing countries. PMID- 1112383 TI - Unprotected intercourse among unwed teenagers. PMID- 1112384 TI - Popinform: a new family planning and population information system. PMID- 1112385 TI - [Modeling the processes of malignant growth and treatment]. PMID- 1112386 TI - [The effect of cholinomimetics on trace after-discharges and the activity of an epileptogenic focus in the rabbit hippocampus]. PMID- 1112387 TI - [The effect of psychotropic substances on electroencephalographic indices of the inhibitory function of the caudate nucleus]. PMID- 1112388 TI - [The effect of diazepam on the behavior of rats adapted to high altitude hypoxia and subjected to a conflict situation]. PMID- 1112389 TI - [The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine on fat and carbohydrate mobilization in stimulated rats]. PMID- 1112390 TI - [A comparison of the effect of the tricyclic antidepressants azaphen and imizin on the gastrointestinal tracts of experimental animals]. PMID- 1112391 TI - [The effect of catecholamines on tissue concentrations of noradrenaline]. PMID- 1112392 TI - [The effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on arterial pressure]. PMID- 1112393 TI - [The effect of octadin on intracranial circulation]. PMID- 1112394 TI - [The anti-inflammatory effect of hydrocortisone in experimental anemia]. PMID- 1112395 TI - [The effect of hydrocortisone on protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis in the red and white skeletal muscles of rats]. PMID- 1112396 TI - [The effect of neurotropic drugs during sensitization]. PMID- 1112397 TI - [The effect of several diuretics on sodium transport across the wall of the frog urinary bladder]. PMID- 1112398 TI - [Bonaphthon--a new antiviral chemotherapeutic drug]. PMID- 1112399 TI - [The effect of serotonin, 5-fluorouracil and prednisolone on the phagocytic response of neutrophils in rats with sarcoma-45]. PMID- 1112400 TI - [The pharamcology of the alkaloid Ervin]. PMID- 1112401 TI - [The effect of cystamine on DNA biosynthesis in radiosensitive tissues]. PMID- 1112402 TI - [The effect of benzonal on several adverse effects of cystamine]. PMID- 1112403 TI - [The gonadotoxic action of pesticides derived from thiocarbamic acid]. PMID- 1112404 TI - [The effect of butyphos on the enzyme-forming function of the small intestine]. PMID- 1112405 TI - [The activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme spectrum in the serum and tissues of homeotherms under the influence of polychlorcamphene]. PMID- 1112406 TI - Metrizamide, a new density-gradient medium. PMID- 1112407 TI - Gangliosides of glial cells: a comparative study of normal astroblasts in tissue culture and glial cells isolated on sucrose-ficoll gradients. PMID- 1112408 TI - 4-Amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-mannose (D-perosamine): a component of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae 569B (Inaba). PMID- 1112409 TI - Covalent cross-linking of histones in chromatin. PMID- 1112410 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies on (85 per cent 13C-enriched Gly 9) oxytocin. PMID- 1112411 TI - Chicken erythrocyte histone H5; I. Amino terminal sequence (70 residues). PMID- 1112412 TI - Chicken erythrocyte histone H5 II. Amino acid sequence adjacent to the phenylalanine residue. PMID- 1112413 TI - Pregnenolone formation from cholesterol in bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria: proposal of a new mechanism. PMID- 1112414 TI - Phosphate transport in rat liver mitochondria. Evidences for an energy linked P1 membrane binding. PMID- 1112415 TI - Asparagine metabolism in the bovine lens: a comparison with the metabolism of aspartic acid. PMID- 1112416 TI - Binding of chromosomal non histone proteins to DNA and to nucleohistones. Effect of in vitro phosphorylation. PMID- 1112417 TI - Direct observation of the rotation in a constant magnetic field of highly organized lamellar structures. PMID- 1112418 TI - Activation of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase by divalent cations. PMID- 1112419 TI - Synthesis and immunological evaluation of an eicosapeptide related to the C terminus of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 1112420 TI - Conversion of aniline into pyrocatechol by a Nocardia sp.; incorporation of oxygen-18. PMID- 1112422 TI - Electromyocgraphic findings in myopathy. PMID- 1112421 TI - Uncoupling in particles and intact chloroplasts by amines and nigericin - a discussion of the role of swelling. PMID- 1112423 TI - Editorial: Liability insurance. PMID- 1112424 TI - Editorial: World hunger, world population, and the medical profession. PMID- 1112425 TI - Black-white differentials in infant mortality in the South, 1940-1970. AB - This paper examines the trends and variations in the black-white differentials in infant mortality in ten selected Southern states during the 1940-1970 period. The patterns observed from the Southern states are compared with those observed from seven selected Northern states and the country as a whole. The ratios of black to white infant mortality rates and Fein's "time-lag" statistics are used as measures of the extent of black-white differentials. The gaps between blacks and whites in both neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates have widened in the Southern states between 1940 and 1970. No significant differences between the Southern states and the Northern states in the extent of black-whites differentials in infant mortality were observed. A positive association between variations among the Southern states in postneonatal mortality differentials and income differentials was found, while neonatal mortality differentials had a weak inverse relationship with income inequality. A series of general explanations of the observed trends and variations have been presented. Also, a detailed methodological consideration of the possible influence of artifacts of the data upon the trends and variations had been made. PMID- 1112426 TI - Female professional work opportunities: a cross-national study. AB - While economic development has been associated with increased participation of females in the labor force, it remains problematic whether sexual equality within the labor force has also increased. This study examines the differentiation of structural variables, specifically economic and demographic variables, on female participation and sexual equality within a specific sector of the labor force: the professions. The units of analysis are primarily European countries with the inclusion of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The findings indicate that those economic development factors (female higher education enrollment rate and professional demand) significantly related to the female professional participation rate are distinct from those structural factors (economic growth rate, working age male deficiency) affecting sexual equality within the professional sector. PMID- 1112427 TI - Stouffer's model of migration: a comparison of interstate and metropolitan flows. AB - The objectives of this paper are (1) to evaluate the accuracy of the intervening opportunities-competing migrants hypothesis (Stouffer, 1960) in estimating 1955 1960 interstate migration streams in the United States and (2) to compare the results with those obtained by Galle and Taeuber (1966) for metropolitan migration. Our results strongly confirm Stouffer's hypothesis and yield parameter estimates highly comparable to those obtained for metropolitan migration, except that competing migrants exert a stronger influence than intervening opportunities in interstate migration. Our study is based on 2,256 interstate migration flows in the continental United States, whereas Stouffer's intercity study and Galle and Taeuber's metropolitan study were each based on 116 migration flows. Our results indicate that Stouffer's theory holds for different levels of aggregation with remarkable consistency. Several theoretical models of the migration process are more compatible with Stouffer's original 1940 formulation of intervening opportunities than his 1960 reformulation. Estimates for interstate data indicate that the 1940 definition provides slightly better results. For both these reasons, it would seem that the 1940 formulation should be given serious consideration in future tests of Stouffer's hypothesis. PMID- 1112428 TI - Competition between spontaneous and induced abortion. AB - Because of their similar timing in pregnancy, spontaneous and induced abortions can be viewed as competing outcomes. Some intended abortion operations are anticipated by earlier miscarriages while some potential miscarriages are forestalled by earlier deliberate interruptions of pregnancy. Previous treatments of this competition are reviewed, and a new analysis is made on the basis of New York data. A simple rule for approximating the reduction in apparent incidence of spontaneous abortion in the presence of induced abortion is presented. The effects of nonreporting and misreporting of pregnancy outcomes upon this rule are examined by means of the Perrin-Sheps renewal process. Two expectations are tested on Taiwanese data. PMID- 1112429 TI - Conceptive delay, nonsusceptible period, and cohort fertility patterns. AB - A model of cohort fertility pattern by duration of marriage is built on the parameters of conceptive risk, its decline along parity, and the length of the nonsusceptible period. The model is found to fit satisfactorily a variety of cohort fertility patterns. Birth intervals by parity are then inferred from the estimated parameters. The present model is developed for comparative analyses of fertility trends and for fertility projections which take into account ongoing changes in birth intervals and completed family-size distributions which may be observed in current sample surveys. PMID- 1112430 TI - Comment on J. Blake's "Can we believe recent data on birth expectations in the United States?". PMID- 1112431 TI - Further comment on J. Blake's "Can we believe recent data on birth expectations in the United States?". PMID- 1112432 TI - Levels and patterns of infant and child mortality in Ghana. AB - This paper attempts to measure infant and child mortality levels and also to determine their structure by utilizing the results of the 1968-1069 National Demographic Sample Survey which was conducted under the directorship of the author. Among the major problems encountered in the exercise are the adjustment of the current raw mortality data and the estimation of infant and child mortality from independent source material. The estimated infant mortality rates range from 56 per 1,000 live births in the Accra Capital District to 192 in the Upper Region during the late 1960's. The urban rate is lower than the rural rate, 98, as against 161 per 1,000 live births. A large proportion of the deaths among children aged 0-4 occur in the second year of life, and deaths in this age group account for the bulk of the deaths within the age group 1-4 years. PMID- 1112433 TI - On a method for studying family size preferences. AB - The concept of desired family size is widely accepted, and numerous studies have been undertaken to measure its level in certain population groups. The determination of desired family size has generally followed the direct question procedure through which the respondent states some whole number as representing her family size wishes at some specified period in her life. Limitations of this method have been recognized, and some research has been conducted toward the development of other techniques of measuring desired family size. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a method of estimating desired family size based on the concept of paired comparison, where the response is restricted in order to reduce respondent bias. Emphasis is on estimation of parameters and test statistics appropriate for evaluating the applicability of the underlying model. PMID- 1112434 TI - Sons, daughters or both?: an analysis of family sex composition preferences in the Philippines. AB - An analysis of family sex composition preferences as well as the relationship between actual family sex composition and desire for no additional children among a national sample of Filipino women is presented. An emphasis on balance or son daughter equivalence is strongest in Metropolitan Manila. Son preference is highest in rural Mindanao and Sulu, primarily due to the concentration of Muslims in this section of the country and secondarily to its pioneer environment and the presumed utility of sons in such a milieu. The importance of eliciting sex composition preferences from both husbands and wives as well as distinguishing the "striking for a balance" from sex-linked preferences in future research is discussed. PMID- 1112435 TI - Measuring change in sex composition. AB - The present paper deals with changes over time in the sex composition of a given population. Such changes are generated by the components of population change: natality, mortality, immigration and emigration. The objective of this paper is to propose a model which provides a quantitative statement concerning the effect of each such component on the change in the sex composition of the population. It is shown that the model is applicable to the measurement of sex composition by either the masculinity proportion of the sex ratio. To demonstrate the application of the proposed model, an example based on Canadian data is given. PMID- 1112436 TI - The welfare effect of an additional child cannot be stated simply and unequivocally. AB - There is no single calculable welfare effect of an additional person. Rather, there are many different judgments, which may be negative or positive. The welfare effect depends upon the particular economic situation the child will be born into, which point in his life-cycle one refers to, whether he is expected to have a positive effect upon his particular sort of economy and society during and after his lifetime, and most of all, on the kind of welfare criterion used. Furthermore, no matter which welfare criterion is used, the welfare effect of an added individual summarized over time is especially sensitive to the particular assumptions made. PMID- 1112437 TI - An analysis of migratory behavior of avian cephalic neural crest cells. PMID- 1112438 TI - Specific protein synthesis in cellular differentiation. II. The program of protein synthetic changes during chorion formation by slikmoth follicles, and its implementation in organ culture. PMID- 1112439 TI - Sturctural analysis of endocardial cytodifferentiation. PMID- 1112440 TI - Thyroxine and palatal development in rat embryos. PMID- 1112441 TI - Degeneration of the intersegmental muscles: alterations in hemolymph during muscle degeneration. PMID- 1112442 TI - Ribosomal protein synthesis in Xenopus laevis oocytes. PMID- 1112443 TI - Variation of thymidine incorporation patterns in the alternating vegetative and sexual life cycles of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PMID- 1112444 TI - Similarities in properties and a functional defference in purified leucyl-tRNA synthetase isolated from two developmental stages of Tenebrio molitor. PMID- 1112445 TI - Programmed autophagocytosis accompanying conjugation in the ciliate Stylonychia mytilus. PMID- 1112446 TI - Enzyme levels in chick embryo heart and brain from 1 to 21 days of development. PMID- 1112447 TI - A genetic study of lactose digestion in Nigerian families. AB - The ability to digest orally administered lactose was determined in individuals representing a number of Nigerian ethnic groups. The data are mainly presented as family pedigrees. In those families where both parents were unable to digest lactose, all of the progeny were lactose nondigestors. If one parent, usually of Northern garopena origin or of the Fulani tribe, could digest lactose, then the progeny contained some or all individuals who were capable of digesting the disaccharide. There was no difference in the results when either the mother or the father was the lactose digestor. Ten families were studied where one parent was of Europena or Yoruba-European origin (lactose digestor) while the other was proper Yoruba 0lactose nondigestor). From these matings, there were 18 lactose digestors and 11 lactose nondigestors. We have concluded that the ability to digest lactose is transmitted as an autosomal dominant and represents the mutated gene or a polymorphism. PMID- 1112448 TI - Plasma adrenaline and serum gastrin: studies in insulin-induced hypoglycemia and after adrenaline infusions. AB - Serum gastrin, plasma adrenaline, and blood glucose concentration were measured in 12 patients during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Six patients had a duodenal ulcer, and 6 patients, 2 to 3 months earlier, had undergone a selective gastric vagotomy due to a duodenal ulcer. The lowest blood glucose concentration was obtained 30 min after the injection of insulin. The rise in plasma adrenaline showed a significant correlation with the degree of hypoglycemia attained. Serum gastrin was approximately doubled in both groups of subjects during the test. There was a strong correlation between rise in serum gastrin expressed in percentage of the basal value and the plasma adrenaline during hypoglycemia. In other experiments, adrenaline was infused intravenously in normal subjects in amounts (6 mug per min for 20 min) resulting in plasma concentrations comparable to those seen during the infusion. It is concluded that adrenaline is a hitherto little recognized factor influencing the gastrin response to hypoglycemia. PMID- 1112449 TI - Lack of dietary regulation of jejunal glycolytic enzymes and disaccharidases in obesity: the role of insulin. AB - Dietary regulation of jejunal glycolytic regulatory enzymes and disaccharidases were studied in 9 obese subjects, aged 9 to 18 years. These subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of altered carbohydrate metabolism as measured by circadian insulin levels and flux of glucose, inorganic phosphorus, and insulin measured during a 5-hr oral glucose tolerance test. Those patients with nocturnal hyperinsulinemia and abnormal carbohydrate flux showed no adaptation of jejunal enzymes. These data suggest that both glycolytic regulatory enzymes and disaccharidases are susceptible to insulin regulation. PMID- 1112450 TI - Plasma catecholamines and postoperative gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion in the rat. AB - The role of adrenal medullary discharge of catecholamines on inhibition of gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion after laparotomy was examined in rats. The rate of movement of a 51Cr-labeled liquid test meal, which had been introduced by gastric intubation, out of the stomach and through the small intestine, was retarded 12 hr after laparotomy. Adrenal demedullation produced a striking decrease in plasma catecholamines and abolished surgically induced elevation of the catecholamines, but had no significant effect on gastric emptying or intestinal propulsion in rats subjected to laparotomy or in the unoperated control animals. Thus circulating catecholamines play little if any role in controlling normal gastroinestinal motility or in the postoperative decrease in rate of gastric emptying and small intestinal motility. PMID- 1112451 TI - Stimulation of proteolytic digestion by intestinal goblet cell mucus. AB - Intestinal goblet cell mucus (GCM) was added to incubations of casein and trypsin (or chymotrypsin) to discover whether mucus could inhibit proteolysis. Contrary to expectation, GCM stimulated casein hydrolysis, reaching a maximum effect at a GCM to casein ratio (w/w) of 0.083. GCM did not contain proteolytic enzymes or proenzymes as contaminants, nor did GCM serve as a substrate for trypsin. Stimulation was not reduced by removing 85% of the sialic acid from GCM. Harsh physical treatment (boiling and freezing) of casein decreased (50%) the GCM effect, as did partial predigestion of casein by trypsin, and elevation of trypsin concentration beyond 3 mug per ml. Thus the undegraded structure of casein appeared to be important for the stimulation of proteolysis by GCM. GCM also enhanced the hydrolysis by trypsin of intestinal brush border membrane protein, but had no effect on the hydrolysis of hemoglobin, albumin, or benzoyl arginine ethyl ester. These results suggest that GCM reacts with specific substrates, in a fashion which promotes their digestion by trypsin or chymotrypsin. PMID- 1112452 TI - The Budd-Chiari syndrome: correlation between hepatic scintigraphy and the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in nineteen cases of hepatic venous outflow obstruction. AB - From 1965 to 1972, 19 patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome were investigated. An underlying diagnosis was made in 10 cases, polycythemia rubra vera being the commonest etiology. Percutaneous liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in 18 patients, and in 14 the site of hepatic vein obstruction was defined or its presence suggested by hepatic venography. Hepatic scintiscanning showed predominant central localization of radiocolloid in 7 patients. In another 8 patients this appearance was present in association with other less specific features. These findings were correlated with inferior vena cavography in 13 patients in whom a characteristic narrowing and distortion of the vein throughout its intrahepatic course was noted. In 3 other patients, the vein was found to be occluded. Autopsy evidence in 6 patients suggests that the central concentration of radiocolloid on scintiscanning and the narrowing and distortion of the inferior vena cava were due to disproportionate enlargement of the caudate lobe. Additional studies indicated that the separate venous drainage of the caudate lobe may be preserved when the main hepatic veins are occluded and that hypertrophy of the caudate lobe occurs because of its relatively more efficient perfusion. Demonstration of the enlarged caudate lobe by scintiscanning and inferior vena cavography provides valuable diagnostic support for the Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 1112453 TI - Prognostic significance of subacute hepatic necrosis in acute hepatitis. AB - A retrospective analysis has been made of 57 patients with subacute hepatic necrosis demonstrated on a liver biopsy obtained during the course of an episode of acute hepatitis. Fourteen patients have been lost to follow-up. One patient died acutely with massive hepatic necrosis, while 8 have developed chronic active liver disease. Two of nine biopsies subsequently performed on patients who had shown complete clinical and biochemical resolution revealed an inactive postnecrotic cirrhosis. The incidence of these complications developing in patients with subacute hepatic necrosis was approximately 30%. These findings add qualitative support to the position that liver biopsy findings bear important prognostic value in patients with acute hepatitis. PMID- 1112454 TI - Serum ferritin in patients with iron overload and with acute and chronic liver diseases. AB - An immunoradiometric assay was used to determine serum ferritin in patients with iron overload disorders and in patients with liver disease. In patients with iron overload, serum ferritin was closely correlated in an exponential manner with quantitative measurements of storage iron; however, a different relationship applied when storage iron levels were within normal range, suggesting that circulating ferritin is in equilibrium with two functionally distinct tissue ferritin pools. High ferritin levels were common in patients both with acute and chronic liver disease, normal values being virtually confined to women and to subjects with a history of recent hemorrhage. In liver disease generally, serum ferritin varied both with the serum transaminase level and with liver iron concentration, but correlated well with neither factor separately. There was no correlation with the serum iron or total iron-binding capacity. An extremely close correlation was found between serum ferritin and an empirical index derived from the product of the serum transaminase times liver iron concentration, implying that the circulating level depended on both the degree of hepatocellular injury and liver iron store. There was a close linear correlation between the serum ferritin-transaminase ratio and liver iron concentration in all disorders studied, and this index may prove to be the most useful value for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 1112455 TI - Sulfation and renal excretion of bile salts in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. AB - Renal excretion of bile salts was studied in 17 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The average quantity of bile salts in urine was 10.2 plus or minus 8.3 mg per 24 hr, 56% of which were sulfated. Of the individual urinary bile salts, 24% oithocholate were sulfated. In contrast, neither sulfated nor nonsulfated bile salts could be detected in urine from 2 normal subjects. Kinetics of bile salt metabolism was measured in 2 of the cirrhotic patients after oral administration of [14C] cholate and [3H] chenodeoxycholate. Approximately 3 to 12% of bile salts synthesized in liver were excreted in urine. Most urinary bile salts (76 to 80%) were sulfated, whereas only 4 to 5% of serum bile salts and 7 to 10% of biliary bile salts were sulfated. Renal clearance of cholate was more than 3 times greater than the clearance of chenodeosycholate or deoxycholate. Renal clearance of sulfated bile salts was 20 to 200 times greaterthan the clearance of the corresponding nonsulfated bile salts. PMID- 1112456 TI - Sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids in urine, serum, and bile of patients with hepatobiliary diseases. AB - Large amounts of bile acid sulfate were found in the urine of patients with hepatobiliary diseases. In patients with acute hepatitis, daily excretion of bile acid into urine was 68.24 plus or minus 51.80 mumoles per day, and the percentage of sulfated bile acid was 83.4 plus or minus 16.7%. In patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, a slight increase of urinary bile acid was observed (2.89 plus or minus 2.69 and 5.27 plus or minus 4.28 mumoles per day, respectively), and the percentage of sulfated bile acid was 73.9 plus or minus 28.6 and 44.6 plus or minus 30.4%, respectively. In patients with obstructive jaundice, a moderate increase of urinary bile acid was found (32.62 plus or minus 18.35 mumoles per day), and the percentage of sulfated bile acid was 58.3 plus or minus 22.6%. In patients with hepatobiliary diseases, the elevation of both levels of sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids in serum was observed. The percentage of sulfated bile acid was 9% in normal serum, and varied from zero to 82.8% in pathological sera. A remarkable increase of sulfated bile acid was found in patients with obstructive juandice and acute hepatitis, while a slight elevation was found in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Sulfated bile acid in bile was nonexistent or below 0.5% of total bile acid. According to these findings, the increased bile acid in serum of patients with hepatobiliary diseases might be more easily excreted into the urine as sulfated bile acid. PMID- 1112457 TI - Biliary excretion of iodipamide. AB - Conflicting data have been reported concerning the optimum dose and rate of administration of iodipamide required to obtain maximum radiographic opacification of the biliary tree during intravenous cholangiography. Experiments were performed in dogs to determine the effect of plasma concentration on the excretion and concentration of iodipamide in the bile and urine during a steady state of infusion and excretion. The data indicate that a hyperbolic relation exists between the plasma concentration and both the biliary concentration and the total biliary excretion. A mathematical expression of these relations is presented. At low plasma concentrations, iodipamide was not excreted in the urine. However, at high plasma concentrations, urinary excretion increased sharply. It appears that a biliary concentration of iodipamide sufficient to achieve adequate radiographic visualization of the biliary tree can be obtained without significant renal excretion by constant infusion of iodipamide at an appropriate rate in dogs. Stepwise increase in the infusion rate until adequate radiographic visualization is obtained may be the best method for performing intravenous cholangiography to obtain visualization with the least amount of iodipamide in order to minimize toxicity. PMID- 1112458 TI - Preoperative cytological diagnosis of gastric leiomyosarcoma. A report of three cases. AB - Gastric leiomyosarcoma has rarely been diagnosed prior to operation. Three cases are presented in which a cytological diagnosis compatible with leiomyosarcoma could be made preoperatively by exfoliative cytology using a brushing technique under direct vision. Data which favor the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma are: (1) spindle-shaped cells with malignant looking nuclei; (2) cells with extremely long, fiber-like cytoplasms and hyperchromatic nuclei; (3) large, anaplastic malignant cells. Smears from 3 patients showed a mixture of these different cell types. This cytological presentation is probably unique and diagnostic for leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 1112459 TI - Effect of phenobarbital in a case of extrahepatic cholestasis. AB - Phenobarbital was administered to a patient with extrahepatic biliary obstruction who was initially thought to have cholestatic hepatitis. On two occasions, administration of the drug was associated with a decrease of jaundice, pruritus, and serum bile acid levels. This strongly suggests that phenobarbital may be effective not only in intrahepatic cholestasis, as reported earlier, but also in extrahepatic obstruction, and therefore cannot be used for the differention of these two types of cholestasis. PMID- 1112460 TI - In vitro studies of ulcerative ileojejunitis. AB - A patient with ulcerative ileojejunitis was studied by determination of HL-A phenotype, by measurement of jejunal IgA synthesis using a labeled amino acid incorporation technique, and by in vitro organ culture. The patient carried the HL-A8 phenotype in common with 87.5% of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. During a period of exposure to dietary gluten, jejunal tissue from the patient exhibited in high IgA synthetic rate. In organ culture of the jejunal biopsy specimen there was an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the absence, but not in the presence, of gluten peptides. The synthetic rate value and the organ culture behavior are similar to those observed in patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy in exacerbation. During a period in which the patient was not exposed to dietary gluten, including prolonged period of intravenous alimentation, jejunal IgA synthesis and organ culture behavior were studied repeatedly. In contrast to patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy in remission (i.e., on a gluten-free diet), jejunal IgA synthesis did not decline. However, in organ culture in the patients tissue now behaved like that of other patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy in remission: alkaline phosphatase activity increased during culture in the presence and absence of gluten peptides. These studies support the concept that ulcerative ileojejunitis is a complication of gluten-sensitive enteropathy in which escape from control by gluten restriction has occurred. They suggest that ulcerative ileojejunitis due to a supervening pathological process which is, at least in part, immunological in nature. PMID- 1112461 TI - Candida albicans ulcer within hiatus hernia sac presenting as an ulcerated mass. PMID- 1112462 TI - Definitions of inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. PMID- 1112463 TI - Letter: The barium enema and toxic megacolon: cause-effect relationship? PMID- 1112464 TI - Letter: On the etiology of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 1112465 TI - Letter: Age and lower esophageal pressure. PMID- 1112466 TI - An endoscopic evaluation of the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastric mucosa. PMID- 1112467 TI - Gastric lavage. PMID- 1112468 TI - Endoscopic follow-up of gastric polyps. PMID- 1112469 TI - The management of symptomatic Schatzki ring. A report of 7 cases. PMID- 1112470 TI - Endoscopic polypectomy in the duodenum. Its complication by pancreatitis. PMID- 1112471 TI - Reappraisal of endoscopic tissue diagnosis in secondary gastric lymphoma. PMID- 1112472 TI - Manometric evaluation of the papillar of Vater. PMID- 1112473 TI - The diagnosis of cancer of the biliary tract and pancreas by endoscopic retrograde cannulation. PMID- 1112474 TI - Transgastric needle aspiration of pancreatic pseudocyst through an endoscope. PMID- 1112475 TI - Colonoscopic removal of a foreign body from the cecum. PMID- 1112476 TI - It's the CP in ERCP that counts. PMID- 1112477 TI - [Physical training of pupils in rural secondary schools of the Bykhovskii region]. PMID- 1112478 TI - [Atmospheric discharges at different distances from a cement combine and fireproof products factory]. PMID- 1112479 TI - [Substantiation of the permissible level of phthalate emissions from polymeric construction materials]. PMID- 1112480 TI - [Energy consumption and nutritional characteristics of 3rd year medical school students]. PMID- 1112481 TI - [Glucose, lactic and pyruvic acid consumption by persons subjected to vibration]. PMID- 1112482 TI - [Preservation of ascorbic acid in food following heat treatment in aluminum and steel vessels]. PMID- 1112483 TI - [Experimental findings concerning the cumulative properties of butyl alcohol]. PMID- 1112484 TI - [The incidence of obesity among the population of the UkrSSR]. PMID- 1112485 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of the disinfectant detergent "Sanpor"]. PMID- 1112486 TI - [A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of several methods of decarcinogenizing effluents]. PMID- 1112487 TI - [A hygienic evaluation of the products of surface-active agent destruction by water ozonization]. PMID- 1112488 TI - [Short-term rural recreation periods for the Moscow residents]. PMID- 1112489 TI - [Experimental findings concerning the migrational capacity of chemicals from plastic foams with trademarks FRP-1, FRP-4 and PPP-309]. PMID- 1112490 TI - [Air pollution in ambulances by the products of polymeric material destruction]. PMID- 1112491 TI - [Theoretical principles for hygienic standardization of hazardous substances in the soil]. PMID- 1112492 TI - [The possibility of soil pollution in residential areas by solid industrial wastes]. PMID- 1112493 TI - [Assessment of the inhalation and deposition of enriched uranium in critical organs]. PMID- 1112494 TI - [The basis of principles for hygienic standardization of multiple component mixtures of volatile substances]. PMID- 1112495 TI - [Determination of copper in air and biological materials using atomic absorption spectral analysis]. PMID- 1112496 TI - [A method of studying physiologic-hygienic problems concerning use of winter clothing under windy conditions]. PMID- 1112497 TI - [A quick-response coulometric cell for determining sulfur dioxide in air]. PMID- 1112498 TI - [A new method of determining benzoyl bromide in air]. PMID- 1112499 TI - [Determination of determining dinyl in air by gas-liquid chromatography]. PMID- 1112500 TI - [Promulgation of new regulations for protecting surface waters from pollution by sewage (1974)]. PMID- 1112502 TI - [A statistical study of relationships in hygienic research]. PMID- 1112501 TI - [Determination of arsenic in drinking water using silver diethyldithiocarbaminate]. PMID- 1112503 TI - [Colorimetric determination of sulfuric acid aerosol in the presence of sulfates]. PMID- 1112504 TI - [Ozone toxicology: correlation between tolerance and protective mechanisms of the lung]. PMID- 1112505 TI - [The basis for the lack of necessity of determining maximum permissible concentrations for chemical compounds]. PMID- 1112506 TI - [Hygienic substantiation of the feasibility of purifying poultry farm sewage on underground filtration areas]. PMID- 1112507 TI - [Bacterial contamination of perennial grasses by sewage irrigation]. PMID- 1112508 TI - [Hygienic assessment of heating and ventilation in the schools of Noril'sk]. PMID- 1112509 TI - [Physiological-hygienic evaluation of various work regimes and methods for spinners in viscose production]. PMID- 1112510 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of working conditions and the health of workers during the use of complex pesticides in horticulture]. PMID- 1112511 TI - [Cerebral and peripheral blood circulation in persons working with sources of ultra-high radiofrequencies according to the results of a rheographic study]. PMID- 1112512 TI - [Diagnosis and current clinical aspects of occupational diseases]. PMID- 1112513 TI - [Dynamics of indices of the peripheral circulation in patients with vibration disease under the influence of balneotherapy]. PMID- 1112514 TI - [Characteristics of cerebral hemodynamics and reactivity of the vessels in the clinical picture of toxic encephalopathy]. PMID- 1112515 TI - [Method of determining the electromagnetic permeability of skeletal muscle during the process of physical work]. PMID- 1112516 TI - [Physical-chemical characteristics of working conditions of oil-drillers in northern Tiumen]. PMID- 1112517 TI - [Determination of the type of beryllium compound in various methods of welding]. PMID- 1112518 TI - [Level of accommodation as an index of intense visual work]. PMID- 1112519 TI - [Role of inspection of production products in the improvement of working conditions in industrial plants and the participation therein of the health service]. PMID- 1112520 TI - [Effect of noise and vibration on workers in dolomite-flux production]. PMID- 1112521 TI - [Autonomic-sensitive polyneuritic cysts of the hands and face caused by working with lubricating-refrigerating fluids]. PMID- 1112522 TI - [Functional state of the hepato-biliary system following acute polychlorpinene poisoning]. PMID- 1112523 TI - [Effects of microwave irradiation on the levels of iron, lead, cobalt and metalloproteins bound to them in the organs and tissues of experimental animals]. PMID- 1112524 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the effect of benzene on the reproductive functions of mature and immature animals]. PMID- 1112525 TI - [Chemico-hygienic study of vulcanization gases]. PMID- 1112526 TI - [Value of cytologic sputum examinations in epidemiological surveys of respiratory diseases]. PMID- 1112527 TI - [Effect of radiophotographic examinations on the structure and pattern of pulmonary tubercuolsis morbidity in poland]. PMID- 1112528 TI - [Pulmonary changes with features of primary tuberculosis in adults]. PMID- 1112529 TI - [Etiology of exudative pleuritis]. PMID- 1112530 TI - [Comparison of rifampicin serum levels following its administration before breakfast and 3 hours after breakfast]. PMID- 1112531 TI - [Diagnostic usefulness of a chemical method of determination of rifampicin in urine]. PMID- 1112532 TI - [Pattern and degree of disability caused by pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of Lodz in 1969-1971]. PMID- 1112533 TI - [Critical evaluation KIZ certification (Committee on Disability and employment in Pulmonary Tuberculosis) in the light of modern diagnostic and prognostic facilities]. PMID- 1112534 TI - [Contribution to the criteria of recovery from tuberculosis]. PMID- 1112535 TI - [Dressler's syndrome]. PMID- 1112536 TI - [Mortality from myocardial infarction]. PMID- 1112537 TI - [Endoscopic therapeutic procedures in the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 1112538 TI - [Late oucome of the pereyra operation]. PMID- 1112539 TI - [Retroperitoneal perforation of duodenal ulcer with abscess formation]. PMID- 1112541 TI - [Organic mental complication in Sheehan's syndrome]. PMID- 1112540 TI - [Schistosomiasis of the cervix]. PMID- 1112542 TI - [Retroperitoneal fibrosis after prolonged administration of Temigran]. PMID- 1112543 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the hand with bone involvement]. PMID- 1112544 TI - [The pathogenesis of fat embolism]. PMID- 1112545 TI - Editorial: Epidemic neuromyasthenia. PMID- 1112546 TI - [Editorial: A new treatment of bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 1112547 TI - [Editorial: Human salivary secretion of calcium and inorganic phosphate]. PMID- 1112548 TI - [Editorial: Noncompliance of patients: its cause, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 1112549 TI - [Treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta with sodium fluoride]. PMID- 1112550 TI - [The locked-in syndrome]. PMID- 1112551 TI - [Cutaneous tuberculosis]. PMID- 1112552 TI - [Percutaneous pleural biopsy]. PMID- 1112553 TI - [Congenital syphilis: pseudoparalysis of Parrot]. PMID- 1112554 TI - [Ovarian tumors in pregnancy]. PMID- 1112555 TI - [The effect of prolonged treatment with prednisone on myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 1112556 TI - [Large resections of small bowel]. PMID- 1112557 TI - [Pyogenic liver abscesses complicating acute appendicitis]. PMID- 1112558 TI - [Myositis ossificans traumatica]. PMID- 1112559 TI - [Editorial: Priorities in preventive medicine]. PMID- 1112560 TI - [Editorial: Ferritinemia]. PMID- 1112561 TI - [Editorial: Is reserpine medication associated with increased risk of breast cancer?]. PMID- 1112562 TI - [Editorial: Subgroups of HB Ag B]. PMID- 1112563 TI - [Editorial: Well organized accident services are vital]. PMID- 1112564 TI - [Editorial: Acute occlusions of peripheral arteries]. PMID- 1112565 TI - Cost containment in design and construction: planning the financing. PMID- 1112566 TI - Cost containment in design and construction: planning space around systems. PMID- 1112567 TI - Designing cheap buildings is expensive. PMID- 1112568 TI - Choosing a construction process. PMID- 1112569 TI - Construction management: an example. PMID- 1112570 TI - Shell construciton for future expansion. PMID- 1112571 TI - A different malpractice report. PMID- 1112572 TI - Progess report on a nationwide uniform bill. PMID- 1112573 TI - Editorial: On employment of big spenders and other instruments of self-defeat. PMID- 1112574 TI - Cost saving through areawide planning. PMID- 1112575 TI - Cost containment in design and construction: developing a master plan. PMID- 1112576 TI - Good-bye, private beds. PMID- 1112577 TI - Cost containment in design and construction: accounting to the community. PMID- 1112578 TI - Construction jargon. PMID- 1112579 TI - Cost containment in design and construction: organizing the planning team. PMID- 1112580 TI - Addition turns hospital around to improve service. PMID- 1112581 TI - Editorial: A report and promise to our readers. PMID- 1112582 TI - Productivity improvement can cut costs. PMID- 1112583 TI - Coinsurance enhances benefits plan. PMID- 1112584 TI - What potential for helicopters in EMS. PMID- 1112585 TI - Site characteristics dictate materials handling system design. PMID- 1112586 TI - Computer monitoring of preventive maintenance. PMID- 1112587 TI - Developing an effective food sanitation program. PMID- 1112588 TI - The inhouse laundry and linen service. PMID- 1112589 TI - The neighborhood health center: a nice place to go. PMID- 1112590 TI - Who pays the hospital bill? PMID- 1112591 TI - Bingo game teaches meal planning to diabetics. PMID- 1112592 TI - A systems approach to accounts receivable. PMID- 1112593 TI - Editorial: Hospitals must adapt to changing community perceptions. PMID- 1112594 TI - Catalysts for model building. PMID- 1112595 TI - Ambulatory care: the center of the system. Looking backward, planning forward. PMID- 1112596 TI - Ambulatory care: the center of the system. A walking version of ECF (extended care facility). PMID- 1112597 TI - Ambulatory care: the center of the system. Quality for walking patients. PMID- 1112599 TI - Prevalence of Edwards' syndrome. Clustering and seasonal variation? AB - The incidence of Edwards' syndrome was found to be 1 per 4857 newborn children of 34000 consecutively newborn children in two Danish counties. Six of the 7 cases were born during the months of February through April. The incidence was high compared with the expected incidence of Edwards' syndrome of approximately 1 per 10000. This might be due to clustering in the area studied during the period 1967 to 1973. The finding of variations in incidence of children with Edwards' syndrome in different parts of the world, as well as the finding of seasonal variation in birth of such children, indicates that some of the etiological factors of nondisjunction of chromosome 18 are of an environmental nature. PMID- 1112598 TI - Changes in the mitotic cycle induced by alpha-solanine. AB - Low concentrations of alpha-solanine stimulated the growth of cultured human fibroblasts, while higher concentrations (greater 30 mug ml-1) had a markedly inhibitory effect. Autoradiographic studies indicated that the stimulation of cell growth was due to a shortening of the G1 phase. Feulgen microdensitometry of cells treated with high doses of alpha-solanine revealed an abnormal accumulation of cells in G2. The response of cultured human fibroblasts to low doses of alpha solanine is comparable to that of sex hormones on target tissues. It is concluded that by virtue of either its stimulatory or its inhibitory effect on cell growth, alpha-solanine could act as a human teratogen. PMID- 1112600 TI - Structural aberrations of chromosome 18. II. The 18q- syndrome. Report of three cases. AB - 3 cases of the 18q- syndrome, 2 boys and 1 girl, are presented, and a comparison with data from the literature is given. The following features are typical of the syndrome: short stature, mental retardation, muscular hypotonia, a peculiar dysmorphia of the face and ears, cryptorchidism and small scrotum in males, proximally implanted thumbs, tapering fingers, excess of whorls on the fingertips, and dorsally implanted second toes. Midface hypoplasia with hypertelorism and cleft palate, as well as strabismus, were present in 2 of our patients, whereas all 3 showed nystagmus and prominence of anthelix and antitragus. In addition, 2 patients exhibited narrow ear canals and impaired hearing. One patient had coloboma of the iris and choroid, pale optic discs, and cleft lip; another had umbilical and inguinal hernias. Two cases represented de novo deletions of the long arm of chromosomes 18, whereas the karyotype of the father of third case revealed a balanced translocation t(15;18)(q24;q21). PMID- 1112601 TI - Structural X-chromosome abnormality in a female with gonadal dysgenesis. AB - A patient with gonadal dysgenesis and 46 chromosomes is described. In the inactive X chromosome there seems to be a deletion of the short arms and an insertion of heterochromatin in the long arms. The most probable mechanism to explain this structurally abnormal X is a pericentric inversion, with breakage and union having occurred in the centromeric heterochromatin of the short arm and in band q23 of the long arm. An amplification of the centromeric heterochromatin left in the short arm is also supposed. PMID- 1112602 TI - Transspecific variability of red cell galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase in primates. PMID- 1112603 TI - Transspecific variability of soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in primates. PMID- 1112604 TI - Red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase gene frequencies in the region of the Po Delta (Ferrara, northern Italy). AB - The red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase phenotype has been determined in 294 individuals from the region of the Po delta (Ferrera, northern Italy). No correlation with past malarial morbidity has been detected. The gene frequencies found in this survey are similar to those reported for other Caucasian populations. One GPT3/GPT1 individual has been found. PMID- 1112605 TI - [Distinction between the variants ADA 5-1 and 6-1. Detection of the new phenotype ADA 5-2 in Czechoslovakia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1112606 TI - The phocomelia-thrombocytopenia syndrome. A follow-up report. PMID- 1112607 TI - XXYY son of a triple-X mother. PMID- 1112608 TI - A girl with karyotype 46,XX,del(7)(qter-p 15:). AB - A girl with partial deletion of the short arms of one chromosome 7 is described. Among many other symptoms she has craniosynostoses. Early closure of cranio sutures has previously been described in 2 of 3 patients with partial deletion 7. Investigation of a number of genetic marker systems shows that the HL-A, MN, AcP, and GPT loci are not located in the deleted segment. PMID- 1112609 TI - A case of trisomy of the short arms of chromosome no. 4 with translocation t(4p 21p; 4q 21q) in the mother. PMID- 1112610 TI - Twelve families with Hb O Arab in the Burgas district of Bulgaria. Observations on sixteen examples of Hb O Arab-beta (0) thalassaemia. PMID- 1112611 TI - Research note: the interactions among stress, vigilance, and task complexity. PMID- 1112612 TI - The effect of local target surround and whole background constraint on visual search times. PMID- 1112613 TI - The effect of scapular restriction on manual work space. PMID- 1112614 TI - Bovine veneral vibriosis: cure of genital infection in females by systemic immunization. AB - Cure of female cattle with venereal vibriosis by systemic immunization with killed Campylobacter fetus cells in incomplete Freund adjuvant was investigated. Heifers infected in the cervicovaginal area with a cloned population of C. fetus venerealis were vaccinated subcutaneously 14 and 24 days thereafter with the infecting strain in incomplete Freund adjuvant. Six of eight vaccinated heifers were free of infection 25 to 48 days postinfection. One of the cured animals had an intercurrent infection which precluded interpretation of a vaccine effect. All controls remained infected 48 to 51 days postinfection, when the experiment was terminated. In vaccinated animals, agglutination titers against whole cells of the infecting strain reached peaks varying from 1,280 to 20,480 in serum and from 20 to 5,120 in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) within days 24 to 32 postinfection. No consistent relationship was noted between levels of whole cell antibodies in serum and those in CVM. Evidence for the occurrence of antigenic variation in the organism after vaccination was sought by comparing the agglutinability of the infecting strain and CVM isolates in serum and CVM extracts. Serum samples of most cured heifers agglutinated whole cells prepared from isolates of the respective heifers to the same extent as cells of the infecting strain. In the corresponding comparisons, those from noncured animals agglutinated isolates to lower titers. CVM extracts from one cured animals agglutinated isolates derived from the same or closely spaced CVM samples to titers comparable with those obtained with the infecting strain. In the remaining animals, CVM extracts which agglutinated the infecting strain produced lower or undetectable reactions with corresponding isolates. It is proposed that the elimination of infection is dependent upon opposing responses of host and parasite, of which the degree of antigenic alteration in the infecting strain and the rate of mobilization and the concentration of specific antibodies in the genital secretions are key factors. PMID- 1112615 TI - Effect of prednisolone on the leukocyte counts of ponies and on the reactivity of lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. AB - Treatment of ponies with a single dose of prednisolone markedly reduced the number of blood lymphocytes. A decrease of the number of eosinophils was also observed. In contrast, the number of neutrophils significantly increased. These profound changes were temporary and returned to the pretreatment level within 48 h. The number of monocytes did not show any of the significant changes post prednisolone treatment. The reactivity of the blood lymphocytes of these ponies, in vitro, to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or streptokinase-strepto dornase (SK-SD) was measured by incorporation of (3-H)thymidine by deoxyribonucleic acid of lymphocytes. The ponies' blood lymphocytes responded very well to PHA stimulation. The incorporation of (3-H)thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid of the PHA-stimulated lymphocytes was 14 times greater than incorporation of the nonstimulated lymphocytes. SK-SD-stimulated lymphocytes incorporated only three times more (3-H)thymidine than nonstimulated lymphocytes. There was no significant difference in stimulation of lymphocytes with PHA or SK SD before or after the prednisolone treatment. However, a significant decrease in the dermal response to the homologous antigen after this treatment in sensitive ponies was observed. PMID- 1112616 TI - Detection of long-term cellular immunity to Coxiella burneti as assayed by lymphocyte transformation. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity to the antigens of Coxiella burneti, Nine Mile strain, was demonstrated in human subjects with various past histories of exposure to the organism by using lymphocyte transformation assays. Individuals with histories indicating exposure to C. burneti up to 8 years before the study demonstrated marked lymphocyte transformation in vitro to whole-cell antigens consisting of formalin-killed C. burneti phase I and phase II. These individuals also demonstrated a marked lymphocyte response to the trichloracetic acid-soluable phase I antigen. One individual who acquired Q fever during the study and one individual who received an experimental Q fever vaccine 4 years earlier were also evaluated by the lymphocyte transformation assay. It was also found that phase I trichloroacetic acid-soluble material was capable of acting as an antigen in the assay, whereas the phase II trichloroacetic acid-soluble material did not contain any antigenic material capable of causing lymphocyte transformation. The complete phase I trichloroacetic acid-soluble antigen, which was found to consist of protein and carbohydrate, was chemically fractionated into monospecific fractions. The fraction treated to eliminate carbohydrate was the only fraction found to elicit an in vitro response. PMID- 1112617 TI - Primary immunoglobulin response of herons to infection with Venezuelan encephalitis virus. AB - Seven to nine days after inoculation with a replicating antigen, Venezuelan encephalitis virus, hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were present in plasma of 18 to 20 black-crowned night herons (BCNH), 14 of 15 great egrets (ge) , and 7 of 7 snowy egrets (SE). 19S (immunoglobulin M) precedes 7S (immunoglobulin G) antibodies in all but one bird of six GE, six SE, and six BCNH. 19S antibodies were detected for only 2 to 4 weeks post-inoculation. The induction period for both types of antibody was prolonged by 2 to 6 days as compared with earlier studies in gallinaceous birds using nonreplicating antigens. A marked delay in reaching peak titer of 7S antibodies was also observed. Hemagglutination inhibition tests were nearly as sensitive as neutralization tests for detecting 19S and early 7S antibodies. Size of virus inoculum did not measurably affect time of induction or titer of antibodies. PMID- 1112618 TI - Characterization of endotoxin from Fusobacterium necrophorun. AB - Endotoxic lipopolysachharide (LPS) was obtained from phenol-water extraction of cell walls prepared from mass-cultivated Fusobacterium necrophorum. The LPS was relatively free of nucleic acids and low in protein, and constituted about 4% of the cell walls. Upon acid hydrolysis, some of the components detected were hexosamines (7.0%), neutral and reducing sugars (50.5%), heptose (6.4%), 2-keto-3 deoxyoctonate (0.8%), lipid A (21.0%), and phosphorus (1.7%). Under electron microscopy the LPS appeared mainly as ribbon-like trilaminar structures, and upon chemical treatment it displayed a behavior resembling that reported in certain enterobacterial LPS. The LPS was lethal to mice, 11-day-old chicken embryos, and rabbits. Endotoxicity in mice was enhanced at least 1,380-fold by the addition of 12.5 mug of actinomycin D. Induced tolerance to lethal effect of the endotoxin and rapidly acquired resistance to infection by F. necrophrum viable cells were also demonstrated in mice. The endotoxin produced both localized and generalized Shwartzman reactions as well as biphasic pyrogenic responses in rabbits. These results firmly establish the presence of a classical endotoxin in F. necrophorum, thus providing strong support to our recent suggestion that cell wall-associated components may contribute significantly to the pathogenicity of F. necrophorum. PMID- 1112619 TI - Extension of range of film dosimetry by x-ray fluorescence technique. PMID- 1112620 TI - Production and labelling of mono-disperse polystyrene and polystyrene vinyltoluene copolymer latexes. PMID- 1112621 TI - Evaluation of an intensifier for 14-C and 3-H autoradiography. PMID- 1112622 TI - A high resolution bulk-sample counter with variable geometry. PMID- 1112623 TI - Studies on the kinetics of expulsion by guinea-pigs of primary infections with the intestinal nematode parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis. PMID- 1112624 TI - The role of glucose in the lipid metabolism of the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. PMID- 1112625 TI - Seasonal influence on the production of Schistosoma haemotobium and S. mansoni cercariae in Rhodesia. PMID- 1112626 TI - Parasitological aspects of Schistosoma haemotobium (Iran) infection in the American opossum (Didelphis marsupialis L.). PMID- 1112627 TI - Enzyme levels in homogenates of liver from mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni and from uninfected mice. PMID- 1112628 TI - The absorption of sugars and organic acids by the daughter sporocysts of Microphallus similis (JLAAG). PMID- 1112629 TI - Control of nematode parasites by grazing management-I. Decontamination of cattle pastures by grazing with sheep. PMID- 1112630 TI - Control of nematode parasites by grazing management. II. Decontamination of sheep and cattle pastures by varying periods of grazing with the alternate host. PMID- 1112631 TI - [Experimental trichinosis-I. The course of delayed hypersensitivity in the CBA mouse and Wistar rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 1112632 TI - Comparative studies on the life history of Angiostrongylus mackerrasae Bhaibulaya, 1968 and Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935). PMID- 1112633 TI - Enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Obeliscoides cuniculi (Nematoda; Trichostrongylidae) during parasitic development. PMID- 1112634 TI - The fate of Taenia taeniaeformis oncospheres in normal and passively protected rats. PMID- 1112635 TI - Scanning electron microscope observations on the miracidium of Schistosoma. PMID- 1112636 TI - Inseminatory behavior of Philophthalmus megalurus and Philophthalmus hegeneri in concurrent infections of chicks. PMID- 1112637 TI - A new method of cone electroretinography: the rapid random flash response. AB - A new procedure is described for cone electroretinography using a cross correlation method of signal processing to give the response to flash stimuli which occur at randomly timed intervals. The output waveform is different than the usual repetitive flicker response, and can be presented on any desired time base. An unfamiliar aspect of this process is that most of the random time intervals between consecutive stimuli are shorter in duration than the output waveform. For the parameters described, the output waveform gives the response to approximately 1,640 stimuli in 65.5 sec., with a signal-to-noise ratio which is higher than that obtained when conventional averaging techniques are used over similar time periods. This allows more precise and statistically significant estimates to be made of the time and amplitude parameters of the cone response. Normal values are given for implicit (delay) time and amplitude, and examples are provided for comparison of the random flash response and conventional average electroretinograms (ERG's) in normal subjects and patients with retinal degeneration. PMID- 1112638 TI - Experimental BUdR congenital cataracts. AB - Bilateral cataracts were produced in all 64 newborn rats from five pregnant rats treated on the sixteenth day of gestation with an intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). PMID- 1112639 TI - Optic nerve and retina after experimental circulatory arrest. AB - The retinas and optic nerves of late juvenile and adult Rhesus monkeys that had survived transient, total arrest of systemic circulation were normal when examined with the light microscope. The period of circulatory arrest ranged from 12 to 30 minutes and the subsequent survivals ranged from four hours to one year. The optic nerve and retina thus seem to share with the rest of the brain a surprising degree of resistance to damage from circulatory arrest. PMID- 1112640 TI - Physical properties of experimental vitreous membranes. I. Tensile strength. AB - The tensile strength of vitreous membranes, induced by silk sutures imbedded in the vitreous body and removed one to two weeks later, was investigated in rabbits. Three types of membranes were distinguished by their appearance under an operating microscope; dense, opaque, cylindrical membranes, (Type 1), broken with 2 to 16 Gm. of force and elongated from 127 to 200 per cent before breaking; thin, cylindrical membranes, (Type 2), broken with 200 mg. to 2 Gm. of force and elongated from 51 to 152 per cent before breaking; and thin film-like membranes imbedded in formed vitreous gel, (Type 3), broken with 200 mg. to 5.5 Gm. of force and elongated from 53 to 186 per cent before breaking. Vitreous membranes formed two to eight weeks after surgery resisted forces greater than those required to detach rabbit retina. The results of the experiment are relevant in the design of vitrectomy instruments. PMID- 1112641 TI - Quantitation of pilocarpine flux enhancement across isolated rabbit cornea by hydrogel polymer lenses. AB - The comparative effect on pilocarpine flux across rabbit cornea induced by two hydrogel polymer lenses containing equal doses was quantitated in a transport chamber. This closed system featured continuous flow of a tear analog but excluded variables of the internal eye influencing concentration. Flux induced by both lenses increased linearly with time. At 240 minutes total flux was a whole order greater than that induced by the same pilocarpine dose in free fluid. Analysis of pilocarpine in tear analog effluent showed the flux to be independent of the available dose retained in the hydrogel polymer lens, suggesting that corneal transport of pilocarpine to the aqueous may involve mediation by a carrier system. PMID- 1112642 TI - Intact omentum for ocular vascularization. AB - Twenty dogs had their intact omentum extensively lengthened by a series of surgical maneuvers. Transverse incisions were then made along the chest, shoulder, neck, and scalp which were undermined and connected to form a subcutaneous tunnel through which the omentum was brought up to the orbit. The lateral rectus muscle of the eye was divided and a scaleral flap developed along the lateral superior region of the eye which exposed the choroid upon which the omentum was secured. Subsequent studies demonstrated vascular connections between intraocular vessels and those of the omentum. Proof of the existence of these vascular connections was based upon fluorescent funduscopic, gross, and histologic evidence. PMID- 1112643 TI - Editorial: Ophthalmic drug inserts. PMID- 1112644 TI - Blood flow measurements in the iliac arteries by an improved angiographic cinedensitometric technique. AB - The blood flow of iliac arteries was measrued by means of an improved angiographic chindensitometric technique. This consists of cineradiographic recording of contrast injection into the iliac arteries, followed by optical analysis of the "washout" phase of the contrast material at selected sites. In 25 pateints without perpheral vascular disease, undergoing abdominal angiography for different reasons, the blood flow measruements in left iliac arteries were within the limits of 371-766 ml PMID- 1112645 TI - Experimental arteriovenous fistula. Creation and percutaneous catherter obstruction with cyanoacrylate. AB - Arteriovenous fistula models were created of plastic and in dogs, allowing exploration of the intraarterial use of tissue adhesive, isobutyl cyanoacrylate. A delivery system utilizing superselective coaxial catheterization was developed on the model. Carotid artery to external jugular vein shunts constructed in 19 dogs provided a suitable in vivo model. Using varied injection techniques, the shunts were occluded in 17 of 17 treated animals. Three dogs subsequently died because of embolization to the lungs and one carotid artery was occluded. Techniques to avoid these complications were devised. Refinement of the intraarterial use of these adhesives will offer us another mode of treatment of vascular abnormalities. PMID- 1112646 TI - Selective arterial embolization for the control of traumatic splenic bleeding. AB - Artificial splenic trauma was created and treated with embolic material injected selectively into the splenic artery in 10 dogs. The bleeding was controlled by the original or a repeat embolization within the first 3 hours in all dogs. Seven dogs survived for 2 months. On angiograms performed prior to sacrifice, the arteries supplying the infarcted section of the spleen were again patent. Although both the arterial branches and the amount of splenic parenchyma in the area of infarction were smaller, the area of artificial trauma could not otherwise be identified. The histologic examination of the area of injury indicated healing of the injury and resolution of the infarct. The results of the study would indicate that selective embolization is a feasible method of controlling bleeding from splenic injury. Although embolism would not replace splenectomy as the generally used method, it could be used in patients who were not otherwise candidates for operative splenectomy. PMID- 1112647 TI - Biliary and urinary excretion of iopanoic acid in the dog. AB - The urinary and biliary excretion of iopanonic acid was studied in anesthetized dogs infused with sodium iopanoate and trace amounts of 125I-iopanoic acid to provide a wide range of plasma concentrations. Samples of kidney and liver were also analyzed for total radioactivity. The sole excretory product in urine and bile was the glucuronide conjugate. The secretory biliary Tm for for iopanoic acid varied between experiments. Biliary concentration far exceeded that of plasma and liver/plasma ratios were all greater than unity. The fractional rate of urinary excretion varied 1-80% and was strongly correlated with hepatic function, e.g. the rate of bile flow. The data are interpreted to indicate that, depending on the rate of bile flow, the glucuronide formed in the liver is partioned between bile and blood, the latter for urinary excretion. This mechanism is discussed in relation to cholecystographic visualization and to the problem of nephrotoxicity. PMID- 1112648 TI - Effect of film graininess and geometric unsharpness on image quality in fine detail skeletal radiography. AB - Three direct x-ray films and three geometric conditions were used to study the effect of noise and sharpness on high resolution radiography of the hand. The Wiener spectrum of film graininess and the MTF of geometric unsharpness were measured. Radiographs of a wire mesh and a hand phantom, together with the Wiener spectra and MTFs, led to the following conclusions regarding fine-detail skeletal radiography, as currently employed: 1) bone structure detectable in vivo does not show minute structural detail; 2) the technique is primarily noise-limited; 3) the use of better geometry or finer grain film for improving resolution or noise is of limited practical value, whereas the use of poorer geometry or more noisy film results in appreciable degradation of skeletal images; and 4) the present standard technique for in vivo radiography of the hand, therefore, may be very nearly optimal for clinical applications. PMID- 1112649 TI - The effect of geometric and recording system unsharpness in mammography. AB - Modulation transfer functions (MTFs) and test object radiographs were used to study the effect of geometric and recording system unsharpness in mammography with the CGR Senographe x-ray unit. Results show that geometric unsharpness can be a significant factor in the detection of microcalcifications within the breast, depending on the size and shape of the focal spot, the focal spot-to recording system distance, and the object-to-recording system distance (o.r.d.). A new recording system for mammography, the DuPont Lo-dose system, requires approximately 1/15th the exposure of a direct x-ray film, such as Kodak RP/M, to provide mammograms with comparable photographic density. With the Lo-dose system, geometric unsharpness can be reduced by use of a specially designed long cone with an increased focal spot-to-recording system distance. This cannot be accomplished with direct x-ray films because the x-ray unit is operating at near maximum output conditions even when short cones are used. Although direct x-ray films have a higher resolution than the Lo-dose system, at certain o.r.d.s total resolution is found to be affected more significantly by geometric unsharpness than by the Lo-dose recording system. In several cases, clinical results show improved detection of microcalcifications at larger o.r.d.s by the Lo-dose system with a long one, combined with a reduction by a factor of 15 in patient exposure. PMID- 1112650 TI - Microangiographic anatomy of the cat's eye. AB - The microangiographic anatomy of the cat's eye is presented. The characteristic vascular pattern of each of the three distinct circulations, retinal choroidal, and ciliary is described and illustrated. PMID- 1112651 TI - Accuracy and its relationship to experience in the interpretation of chest radiographs. AB - One hundred chest radiographs, randomly selected from a hospital population, were read by 8 radiologists at 4 different levels of training and experience. All statements in the 800 interpretations were analyzed for accuracy. The analysis was based on deviation from a "true" report. Approximately 26% of significant and potentially significant statements were errors. Eighty per cent of these were false negative, 20% false positive. While significant individual differences in interpretive accuracy were found, there was no consistent pattern related to the duration of training beyond the first year of residency. Once an individual's radiologic education has progressed beyond a fundamental level, individual reader characteristics overshadow experience in the accuracy of chest film interpretation. PMID- 1112652 TI - In vivo angiography of the ciliary circulation in the rabbit: an experimental model. PMID- 1112654 TI - Urinary magnesium and oxalic acid excretion in patients with recurrent oxalate urolithiasis. AB - Of patients with oxalate-containing calculi of the upper urinary tract who were surveyed for stone recurrences after an average of 4 years and 7 months, the relationship between the stone recurrence and the urinary excretion of stone components was studied. Seventy-one cases for urinary calcium and magnesium, 48 cases for phosphorus, 36 cases for oxalic acid, and 29 cases for uric acid were available for estimate. The urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and uric acid was the same for noncurrent patients as for recurrent patients. However, the ratio of magnesium to (calcium x oxalic acid) in the urine patients with oxalate stone recurrences was significantly lower than that in the urine of patients without recurrences. PMID- 1112653 TI - Letter: Comment on "Anticholinesterase and hypotensive effects of some intravenous contrast media". PMID- 1112655 TI - Ureteral function. II. The ureteral catheter and the urometrogram. AB - The relationship between the urometrogram and the indwelling ureteral catheter was studied on female dogs having surgically explanted bladders. A new monitoring technique was employed which allowed for simultaneous recording of urometrogram, spurt volume, wave speed, and wave geometry for each peristaltic wave. The caliber of the catheter was shown to influence both contractile amplitude and basal pressure level of the ureter. In one case, an increase in catheter size from 3.6 Fr. to 5 Fr. resulted in a 5-mm Hg rise in basal pressure with a simultaneous increase of 35 mm Hg in peak pressure amplitude. In addition, it was also shown that in dog ureters, catheters as small as 3.6 Fr. may result in elevated pressure levels. Based on experimental observations and an understanding of the passive and contractile characteristics of ureteral smooth muscle, a new model ofthe urometrogram is presented which is based on a contact pressure between the ureteral wall and catheter. PMID- 1112656 TI - Cystoscopy of chemically induced bladder neoplasms in rabbits administered the carcinogen dibutylnitrosamine. AB - Subcutaneous injection of the carcinogen dibutylnitrosamine into male rabbits led to bladder papillomas, hemangiomas, and carcinomas within 17 to 26 months. The progress of the developing bladder lesions was readily followed by cystoscopy. PMID- 1112657 TI - Epithelialization after cystotomy. AB - Cystotomies were performed on mature guinea pigs using aseptic technique, and one layer closure with polypropylene sutures. It was found that epithelialization over the suture material was completed by 3 days and that epithelialization of the bladder mucosa itself after a mucosa-mucosa approximation was completed within 4 days. The main significance of this investigation is that the normal bladder mucosa was completely healed within 4 days. PMID- 1112658 TI - The value of a stent in primary ureteral repair. AB - Serum creatinine determinations and intravenous urography studies were made preoperatively and postoperatively on 14 dogs. Each dog underwent bilateral midureteral transection, followed by immediate elliptical ureteral reanastomosis. An indwelling stent was employed for 10 days on one side only. The use of an intraureteral stent did not influence the degree of stricture formation after ureteral repair. Factors contributing to the development of postoperative ureteral strictures are discussed. PMID- 1112660 TI - Progressive renal artery stenosis. An experimental model. AB - A method of inducing slow gradual constriction of a renal artery is described. A metal constrictor is partially filled with ameroid, a hydroscopic material. Over a period of weeks, the ameroid expands, causing increasing obstruction to the renal artery. Data revealed a progressive decrease in function as measured by p aminohippurate, inulin, and creatinine clearance on the affected side with an increase in function in the contralateral side. PMID- 1112659 TI - Beta-adrenergic (isoproterenol) regulation of antidiuretic hormone. AB - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and isoproterenol (ISO) both cause renal retention of water when infused iv into animals. It has been suggested that the agents share a common mechanism of action but the current work reveals marked differences in the effect of ISO and ADH on urinary excretion of sodium (ISO produces fall from 50 plus or minus 14 to 3 plus or minus 0.6 mu Eq per 20 min, P greater than 0.0005; ADH causes a fall from 62 plus or minus 14 to 45 plus or minus 9, P greater than 0.05) and creatinine (ISO causes a fall from 157 plus or minus 14 to 71 lus or minus 13, P greater than 0.0005; ADH produces fall from 155 plus or minus 12 to 145 plus or minus 14, P greater than 0.05), which suggest that the actions of the agents may differ. To study that possibility, ISO was infused into normal rats and rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI rats) due to a genetic defect in ADH production. Doses previously used (0.2 mug per kg per min, and doses 10 and 100 fold less were infused. At 0.002 mug per kg per min, urine osmolality in both groups of rats declined (DI rats from 177 plus or minus 22 to 141 plus or minus 13 MOsm per kg, P greater than 0.01, and normals from 162 plus or minus 17 to 142 plus or minus 15 MOsm per kg, P greater than 0.05). At 0.02 mug per kig per min, there was no significant change is osmolality. At 0.02 mug per kig per min, osmolality rose in both groups but the response was significantly blunted in the DI rats (normals: 351 plus or minus 32 to 626 plus or minus 79 mOsm per kg, P greater than 0.005; DI rat: 204 plus or minus 23 to 241 plus or minus 30 P greater than 0.05). It is concluded that intravenous ISO has a dual effect on water excretion; at low doses it is associated with reduced urinary osmolality possibly by direct renal action and at high doses it is associated with antidiuresis by stimulating release of pituitary ADH. PMID- 1112661 TI - Direct effect of prostaglandins in renal function and renin release in the presence of renal ischemia in the dog. AB - Prostaglandins PGE-1 or PGA-1 (0.5 to 1 mug per min) were infused into the stenosed renal artery of anesthetized hypertensive dogs. Increased urine volume, sodium and potassium excretion, and p-aminohippurate clearance were found during the prostaglandin infusion period in the infused kidney as compared to the control periods before infusion. Creatinine clearance was increased during infusion of PGE-1. The noninfused, nonischemic kidney showed no effect at the time of infusion with PGE-1 but in the case of PGA-1, the p-aminohippurate and creatinine clearances and urine diuresis were decreased. As a result, the mean aortic blood pressure decreased. Both prostaglandins increased the renal vein renin in the infused kidney. PGA-1 did affect renin release of the noninfused kidney, but PGE-1, which is rapidly inactivated by the lung, did not have this effect. Renin release seems to be influenced by electrolyte diuresis operating through the macula densa mechanism. However, the lowering of blood pressure seen in this study cannot exclude the involvement of the stretch receptors (the juxtaglomerular cells) for renin release. The increased renin release after prostaglandin administration seems to be a protective renal mechanism against the drug-induced hypotension. It seems to be induced by the direct sodium and water diuretic effects of prostaglandins. PMID- 1112662 TI - Ureteral response to partial obstruction. Smooth muscle hyperplasia and connective tissue proliferation. AB - A technique for producing a reversible form of partial ureteral obstruction in the experimental animal has been described. The response of the rabbit ureteral muscularis to partial obstruction was characterized by hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells within the first 3 days followed by hyperplasia of the leiomyocytes which appeared to continue as long as the obstruction was present. Deposition of connective tissue was noted between the smooth muscle cells after 2 weeks of partial obstruction increasing to a marked extent by 8 weeks. PMID- 1112663 TI - A comparative evaluation of Avitene and gelfoam for hemostasis in experimental canine prostatic wounds. AB - Microcrystalline collagen has been reported to be an effective hemostatic agent in brain, liver, kidney, etc. This experimental study in dogs and rats shows that microcrystalline collagen is a more effective hemostat in prostatic hemorrhage than is purified gelatin solution. No gross or histologic evidence of tissue damage or calcification was induced by microcrystalline collagen or purified gelatin solution. Wafers of microcrystalline collagen that are placed in rat bladders dissolve and do not induce calculogenesis. PMID- 1112664 TI - A highly basic small protein associated with spermatogenesis in the human testis. AB - A very basic and acid-soluble small protein was isolated in the pure form from specimens of human testes that displayed histologic evidence of normal spermatogenesis. The protein is virtually indistinguishable in its electrophoretic properties from a testis-specific basic protein that has been previously described in a number of other eutherian mammalian species. The homogeneous human testicular basic protein is rich in arginine, lysine, and serine, and is devoid of cyst(e)ine, phenylalanine, glutamate, glutamine, isoleucine, and tryptophan. Its amino acid composition is extremely close to that of a testis-specific basic protein previously described in the rat. The basic protein from human testis is electrophoretically distinct from the principal basic chromosomal protein of human spermatozoa and could not be detected in ejaculated human spermatozoa by the procedure used to extract the chromosomal basic protein. PMID- 1112665 TI - Viscoelastic properties of bladder wall strips. AB - Ninety-five stress-decrease curves of dog bladder strips, selected from 204 experimentally determined curves, were analyzed in terms of a model which can be described by an equation containing two or three exponential terms and a constant. As might be expected, the three-exponential equation gave the better fit. The results are discussed and compared with those derived from measurements on whole bladders. The relaxation constants determined for bladder strips agree remarkably well with those for whole bladders, indicating that the value of these constants is independent of geometry. PMID- 1112666 TI - Therapy questionably infarcted testis. AB - Observations made upon dogs and humans with apparent infarction of the testis secondary to torsion of the spermatic cord suggest that the treatment of choice for questionably viable testis is detorsion of the cord, replacement of the testis in its hemiscrotum, and fixation of the opposite testis. This form of therapy may be applicable to all "torsed testes" regardless of viability. PMID- 1112667 TI - Ultrastructural changes in human prepubertal prostatic epithelium grown in vitro. AB - Ultrastructural changes in the prepubertal human prostatic epithelium maintained in vitro are described and are compared with the ultrastructure of the same tissue before culture. In cultured cells, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex are poorly represented and the latter also loses its polarity. Increase in cytoplasmic microfilaments is discussed in relation to possible vitamin A deficiency. Primary and secondary lysosomes, arising from autophagy and endocytosis, occur in large numbers as autophagosomes, myelin figures, residual bodies, and multivesicular bodies. Prostatic acid phosphatase activity, an important secondary sex characteristic, is influenced by sex hormones and malignancy; since this enzyme is lysosome-associated, special emphasis is placed on lysosomal changes. Some ultrastructural changes in rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and the lysosomal system are similar to those observed after castration. This study presents ultrastructure of cultured cells which form the basis for studies involving neoplastic transformation, aging, and hormonal manipulation using an in vitro model. This is necessitated by the absence of an in vivo animal model for prostatic neoplasia; hence studies on prostatic oncogenesis, and age-related phenomenon, must be done on cells in vitro. Significance of this study is enhanced by the fact that normal human prepubertal prostate has not been studied before and normal viable prostate is generally not available for investigations. PMID- 1112668 TI - Uric acid dihydrate as urinary calculus component. AB - The analysis of uric acid dihydrate was performed using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Both methods permit differentiation with regard to uric acid. Pure uric acid dihydrate was prepared according to a modified technique and the dA values (lattice distances (of A) were determined from several recordings. The extreme instability of the synthetic uric acid dihydrate is stressed, and the conversion speed is determined. During the evaluation of 7,750 analyses of urinary calculi in the course of the past 3 years, 1,126 (14.5 per cent) uric acid calculi and 283 (3.7 per cent) with a mixed portion of uric acid dihydrate were found. PMID- 1112669 TI - A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. The external anal sphincter: a triple-loop system. AB - Since anal sphincters are used as the continent sphincters in some urologic operations, a study of their anatomic structure and function seems necessary. The anatomy of the external anal sphincter has been studied in 18 cadavers by dissection and serial histologic sections. The muscle has been found to consist of a series of U-shaped loops which are distinguishible as three main "loops": top, intermediate, and base. The puborectalis and the deep portion of the external sphincter have been found to be one muscle which is given the name "top loop." No concentric circular muscle bundles could be detected at any level of the external sphincter except in the base loop. A new concept of the mechanism of action of the external sphincter in anal continence and during defecation is presented. An air-tight occlusion of the anal canal could be achieved by the "triple-loop system" of the external sphincter which compresses opposed alternating anal segments. An incomplete anal occlusion by a single loop contraction is completed and potentiated by the succeeding loop action. The last fecal portion is dispelled from the anal canal by a process of "vermicular contractions" which is the result of the loop arrangement of the muscle bundles. Single-loop continence has been discussed. It is suggested that unless all three of the loops are destroyed, any single loop can act as a sphincter which maintains continence to solid stools but not to fluid ones or flatus. PMID- 1112670 TI - The relevance of diagnosis to the epidemiology and teaching of psychiatry. PMID- 1112671 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus. PMID- 1112672 TI - Mumps or Coxsackie A9 virus antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis or encephalitis. PMID- 1112673 TI - Urinary erythropoietin levels in normal, anaemic, polycythaemic, and uraemic subjects. PMID- 1112674 TI - Case report. Intramural duodenal haematoma in a haemophiliac. PMID- 1112675 TI - Proceedings: Crohn's disease - a study of 47 cases. PMID- 1112676 TI - Proceedings: Schizophrenia and coeliac disease: is there a positive relationship? PMID- 1112677 TI - Proceedings: The value of tomography in the non-visualised oral cholecystogram. PMID- 1112678 TI - Proceedings: Visualization of duodenal ulcer during upper intestinal endoscopy--a review (using Olympus GIF-D endoscope). PMID- 1112679 TI - The potato as a source of dietary fibre. PMID- 1112680 TI - Proceedings: "Asymptomatic" treated dermatitis herpetiformis - a misnomer. PMID- 1112681 TI - Proceedings: The problems of primary intra-hepatic biliary stones. PMID- 1112682 TI - Proceedings: The totally isolated canine pancreas under the influence of alcohol. PMID- 1112683 TI - Granulomatous gastritis. PMID- 1112684 TI - Proceedings: A case of pseudomembranous jejunoileitis. PMID- 1112685 TI - The team concept in general practice. PMID- 1112686 TI - Intoxicant use among university students in Cork. PMID- 1112687 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and recurrent staphylococcal infections of childhood: report of a case. PMID- 1112688 TI - Editorial: Primary health care teams. PMID- 1112689 TI - Letter: Skin carcinoma. PMID- 1112690 TI - The problem orientated medical record. PMID- 1112691 TI - Patient care and medical case notes. A plea for the wider use of the Weed system of problem orientated medical records. PMID- 1112692 TI - Vesical stone: The clinical features of 652 cases. PMID- 1112693 TI - Review of thirty total cystectomys. PMID- 1112694 TI - The clinical importance of oxalic acid. PMID- 1112695 TI - Urolithiasis in Irish children. PMID- 1112696 TI - The transperitoneal approach to pelvi-ureteric obstruction in children. PMID- 1112698 TI - Long-term results after closed mitral valvotomy. AB - This paper is an analysis of the experiences of the author with patients under going closed mitral valvotomy between 1948 and December 1963, and thus represents a follow-up of at least 10 years. Five hundred and seventy-one of 618 patients survived operation; the mortality rate of 7.6% is much higher than pertains at present. It includes the early pioneer days when many very ill patients were operated on. There were only five deaths in the most recent 400 consecutive cases. The mortality should be low today. A detailed follow-up shows that many patients are completely cured of their mitral stenosis: of 168 patients alive longer than 11 years, 41 survived for 11 to 15 years, 67 for 16 to 20 years and 60 for over 20 years. Restenosis was diagnosed in 128 patients (22.4%) and 93 of them had a second operation. When the valve is severely damaged, especially when it is regurgitant, the results are not as good and valve excision and replacement are often needed, but valvotomy for pure mitral stenosis can give excellent and lasting results. PMID- 1112697 TI - Removal of pulmonary artery band. AB - From 1963 to September 1973, 60 patients underwent definitive repair of cardiac lesions for which pulmonary artery banding had been performed previously. Most bandings had been performed for intractable heart failure secondary to large pulmonary flow. The pulmonary artery band resulted in a fibrous reaction around the pulmonary artery or its branches in all instances. Angioplastic procedures on the main pulmonary artery or the left and right pulmonary arteries were usually necessary to relieve the stenosis produced by the band and the resultant scarring. The operative mortality in this group of patients was 28% and pulmonary artery banding was considered to be a factor in 4 of the 17 deaths. The absence of absolute protection from the development of progressive pulmonary vascular disease, the mortality associated with banding, and the mortality and increased technical difficulties associated with removing the band at the time of the repair support one-stage definitive procedures rather than palliative banding of the pulmonary arteries in all but the most exceptional situations. PMID- 1112699 TI - An approach to the surgery of mitral valve disease in children. AB - Isolated mitral valve surgery was carried out in 182 children under the age of 16 years. Closed valvulotomy was performed in 72, annuloplasty or reconstruction in 10 and valve replacement in 100 of the children. Preoperative atrial fibrillation implied severe disease. Acute rheumatic carditis was not a contraindication to operation. Two patients died after closed mitral commissurotomy and the results were unsatisfactory in nine children with valve calcification and in 12 with a small jet of incompetence. Restenosis occurred in 10 patients during a review period of five years. The long-term results of annuloplasty were disappointing, and this procedure is not recommended for children with mitral incompetence. Ten of the 100 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement died in hospital and there were two late deaths. Seventy-seven patients are completely well and 11 have grade II disability. Severe mitral valve disease in children is associated with high morbidity and mortality, unless normal hemodynamics are restored. Since the results of operation are so satisfactory, we believe that the natural history of this condition is most favorably altered by surgical treatment. PMID- 1112700 TI - Long-term results of valve replacement in children suffering from rheumatic heart disease. AB - Severe pathological changes in the cardiac valves are often observed at an early age in children in the developing countries. Mitral stenosis is best managed by closed commissurotomy. However, mitral insufficiency, aortic insufficiency and tricuspid lesions may lead to life-threatening hemodynamic effects which necessitate valve replacement. This differs from experience in the developed countries where surgery for rheumatic valvular disease is limited to the adult. Our experience includes 33 children aged 5 to 16 years. Twenty-four children underwent single valve replacement, eight had two valves replaced and one had triple valve replacement. All were classified Grade IV or late Grade III (New York Heart Association). Four children had to be operated on despite known rheumatic activity. Two children in shock and pulmonary edema underwent emergency operation. There were two hospital deaths and eight late deaths. Patients have been followed for up to eight years. Twenty children are now classified as Grade I and lead completely normal lives and the remaining three are classified as Grade II. Postoperative catheterization studies have documented improvement from severe preoperative hemodynamic changes to near normal values at rest after operation. The cardiothoracic ratio has decreased impressively. We conclude that the natural history of rheumatic heart disease in children with severely damaged heart valves is favorably modified by valve replacement. PMID- 1112701 TI - Late results of mitral and aortic valve replacement. AB - Experience with isolated mitral and aortic valve replacement at the University of Oregon Medical School since 1965 is presented. Results with non-cloth-covered and cloth-covered valves were analyzed with actuarial techniques and were compared in terms of late survival, thromboembolic complication rate, reoperation rate and the influence of anticoagulation therapy. The cloth-covered prostheses have substantially lowered the incidence of emboli after mitral replacement, and have thus far eliminated emboli after aortic replacement in patients receiving warfarin. Although anticoagulation therapy is still necessary, a clinical trial is currently in progress to assess the adequacy of antiplatelet drugs. The choice of a cloth-covered or non-cloth-covered valve should be individualized for each patient, based on the different risks and benefits of each prosthesis. PMID- 1112703 TI - The late fate of autologous fascia lata valve grafts in the aortic position. AB - Fascia lata has been used for aortic valve replacement in 206 patients over a period of 10 years. Important advantages of this method are easy availability of the fascia tissue, excellent valve function in the early follow-up, and the absence of thromboembolic complications and of anticoagulant therapy. Long-term follow-up revealed a 10% incidence of infective endocarditis. Late deterioration of valve function occurred in 60% of patients after an average interval of five years. Electron microscopic study of fascia lata valve cusps removed one to seven years after implantation showed no endothelial layer, but an amorphous surface coating. The tissue remained viable, but showed necrotic foci and areas of proliferation. These morphologic alterations caused thickening and sclerosis of the valve cusps, which were responsible for the late deterioration of valvular function. PMID- 1112702 TI - Isolated aortic valve replacement. A six-year follow-up. AB - A selected group of 259 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement was analyzed retrospectively for early and late mortality and late valve failures up to six years following operation. In this group, 100 patients received aortic valve homografts, 100 pulmonary valve autografts and 59 Starr-Edwards prosthetic valves. The two tissue valve groups, composed of younger, healthier individuals, had a lower early mortality rate than did the group receiving prostheses; mortality decreased even further with additional surgical experience. The homograft group also showed a lower long-term mortality and complication rate. The incidence and significance of the appearance of a diastolic murmur in the tissue valve group were also studied and seemed to play a major prognostic role for these patients. PMID- 1112704 TI - Experience with tissue heart valves. AB - Experience with tissue valves for heart valve replacement over the past seven years is presented and analyzed. Between February 1967 and March 1969, 87 patients had heart valves replaced with preserved heterologous aortic valves. Valve failure occurred in 19 of the 70 operative survivors. There are 45 long term survivors with heterologous aortic valves; 10 have regurgitant murmurs and 35 have valves functioning normally. Microscopic examination of failed valves has shown that the heterologous aortic valve gradually becomes a mechanically vulnerable structure in a state of rejection. During the past five years. autologous and homologous fascia lata and heterologous pericardium, mounted on a support frame, were used in 241 patients (131 aortic, 103 mitral and seven tricuspid). The follow-up period for the fascia lata group was 40 to 62 months and for the pericardial group 7 to 39 months. There have been significant differences in valve function with regard to both the site of valve insertion and the type of tissue used. Pericardial valves in the aortic position have produced the best results and autologous fascial valves in the mitral position, the worst. Valve failure occurred in only six patients, all with autologous fascia in the mitral position. The incidence of thromboembolism in the entire series was very low even though anticoagulants were not used. Analysis of clinical and hemodynamic results has shown that preserved heterologous pericardium has the potential for an adequate heart valve substitute. PMID- 1112705 TI - Surgery for tricuspid valve disease. AB - Sixty patients underwent repair or replacement of the tricuspid valve, 58 for acquired and two for congenital lesions. In 59 of the cases, the tricuspid surgery formed part of multiple valve surgery. Preoperatively, 33 patients (55%) were in New York Heart Association class IV and 25 in class III functional capacity. The tricuspid valve was replaced in 42 patients and repaired in 18. Forty-seven patients (78%) survived operation, but 10 of these died during a follow-up period of two to seven years. Thirty-four of the 37 long-term survivors show marked improvement. Operative mortality was 26% for tricuspid valve replacement and 11% for repair; late mortality was 14% and 22%, respectively. It should be stressed that the tricuspid valve replacement group consisted of patients whose preoperative condition was worse and whose valvular pathology was more severe than that of those who had tricuspid repair. In view of this, and the better long-term results of tricuspid valve replacement, it is concluded that the procedure of choice for serious organic disease of the tricuspid valve is valve replacement. PMID- 1112707 TI - Present indications for direct myocardial revascularization. AB - The present indications for direct myocardial revascularization in coronary arteriosclerosis are discussed. It is important to establish a universally acceptable classification of myocardial ischemia and such a classification is proposed. Without this classification, the advantages and disadvantages of medical and surgical treatment cannot be analyzed. Ergometric studies are of great value in deciding between medical and surgical treatment. Cine coronary angiography is essential in the accurate diagnosis and selection of patients for surgery. It is a safe procedure, even when undertaken in an emergency situation. The success of surgical therapy for coronary arteriosclerosis is emphasized and its superiority over medical treatment for most forms of angina pectoris is demonstrated. PMID- 1112706 TI - Ischemic myocardial contracture ("stone heart"). A complication of cardiac surgery. AB - Stone heart or ischemic myocardial contracture is a complication of cardiopulmonary bypass characterized by contracture of the myocardium and inability to obtain cardiac output on manual massage. Stone heart has occurred only during aortic valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass procedures. Predisposing factors are chronic congestive heart failure and myocardial hypertrophy with fibrosis secondary to longstanding aortic valve disease and/or coronary artery occlusive disease. Although the condition is rare, the outcome is usually fatal. Because of the biochemical and physiological implications of this syndrome, its prevention has been challenging. On the basis of our current concepts, prevention has been afforded by topical and general hypothermia and pretreatment with a small i.v. bolus of propranolol just prior to aortic occlusion. These measures have been utilized in potentially high-risk patients with the predisposition for stone heart and, thus far, the results have been satisfactory. The stone heart syndrome is an entity which should be recognized by all cardiac surgeons. Preventive measures must be aimed at protection of the myocardium during anoxic cardiac arrest. PMID- 1112708 TI - Applications of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. AB - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) is the form of mechanical circulatory assistance in widest clinical use today. The clinical results with IABC employed in 63 patients over a four-year period are presented. The clinical conditions necessitating mechanical circulatory assistance were: cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction; myocardial infarction complicated by mitral valyular regurgitation or ventricular septal defect; preinfarction angina syndrome; postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock with pump oxygenator dependence; postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock during the postoperative recovery period; and septic shock. Survival and discharge from hospital occurred with 32 of 63 patients (51%). Evaluations of left ventricular function were studied in 20 patients on IABC by construction of Frank Starling curves, with cardiac output determined by thermodilution techniques. In general, IABC shifted the curves to the left and increased their slope. PMID- 1112709 TI - Postinfarction ventricular aneurysm. AB - Postinfarction ventricular aneurysm may present as a dyskinetic or as an akinetic segment, depending upon the presence or absence of intraluminal thrombus. The overwhelming majority of aneurysms are localized to the anteroseptal portion of the left ventricle, while relatively few involve the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle. The introduction of extracorporeal circulation has offered a realistic form of surgical therapy for this serious complication of occlusive coronary disease. Proper surgical treatment involves excision of the aneurysmal wall and reconstruction of the ventriculotomy in such a way as to foreshorten the fibrosed portion of the interventricular septum. The technique described greatly alleviates residual paradox, which may be significant after conventional aneurysmectomy. The most impressive feature of ventricular aneurysmectomy concerns long-term survival. The natural history of the disease suggests that less than 20% of patients with ventricular aneurysm live five years after the initial infarction. In contrast, 76% of the first 400 consecutive aneurysmectomy patients operated on by the Cleveland Clinic team were alive four years after operation. PMID- 1112710 TI - Results of surgery for mitral insufficiency due to coronary artery disease. AB - Twenty-six patients with combined mitral and coronary artery disease were divided into two groups: in group 1, only mitral valve surgery was performed, while in group 2, mitral valve surgery was performed along with coronary artery revascularization. Depressed ventricular function was not a contraindication to surgery; only 2 of 10 patients in group 2 with ejection fractions below 0.4 failed to survive operation. The hospital mortality was similar in both groups, and was higher for mitral valve replacement than mitral valve repair. Follow-up data revealed a higher incidence of late mortality in patients not undergoing revascularization, the main cause of death being myocardial infarction. The addition of revascularization also improved functional capacity. PMID- 1112711 TI - Thoracic injuries in the Yom Kippur war. Experience in a base hospital. AB - Forty-two patients were treated for combat injuries of the chest, caused by shrapnel fragments, bullet wounds, blunt trauma and blast injury. Twenty-three required only intercostal tube drainage, while 19 underwent thoracotomy. There were two deaths, both unrelated to the thoracic injury. Our indications for emergency thoracotomy were hemorrhage of 1,000 ml with the initial insertion of the chest tube or 500 ml of fresh bleeding during the first 2 hr after insertion of the chest tube, massive air leak, extensive chest wall injury, the location of metal fragments in the mediastinum, evidence of cardiac tamponade or significant mediastinal shift. The positive results obtained in this series of cases were due to the effective first aid treatment on the battlefield and in field hospitals, and to an aggressive policy of operative intervention where indicated, together with intensive postoperative care. PMID- 1112712 TI - An operation for the treatment of intractable peptic stricture of the esophagus. AB - The current management of severe strictures of the esophagus resulting from reflux esophagitis is unsatisfactory. A new operation comprising esophagoplasty and intrathoracic fundoplication is described. This preliminary report records the results of this operation in 10 patients. There was one operative death. Of the nine survivors, followed for six months to three years, seven are completely free of symptoms. The remaining two have mild residual symptoms, but no dysphagia. PMID- 1112713 TI - A comparison between partial and complete ligation of the inferior vena cava for the prevention of recurrent pulmonary embolism. AB - Interruption of the inferior vena cava is the definitive surgical measure for the control of pulmonary emboli. There is, however, some controversy as to whether the preferred treatment is complete or partial interruption. This report summarizes our experience with 49 patients who underwent partial ligation, using a technique developed in our Department, and 66 patients, who underwent complete ligation of the inferior vena cava. The incidence and severity of sequelae due to venous stasis in the legs were less in the group that underwent partial interruption. PMID- 1112714 TI - The surgical treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. AB - Thirty-five patients had complete repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection between 1 January 1968 and July 1974. The mean age of the patients was 5.8 months. The hospital mortality rate was 43%; six of seven patients less than one month of age died. There were no deaths in the nine patients over six months of age at the time of operation. Inadequate cardiac performance was responsible for eight of the nine deaths in patients operated on since 1 September 1971. Thirteen percent of the patients who left the operating room alive were reoperated on for bleeding early in the postoperative period. No patient has required tracheostomy since 1 September 1971. Three of the 20 long-term survivors have required reoperation. The late results are good. Ways of improving results in the future are discussed. PMID- 1112715 TI - Combined use of surface and perfusion hypothermia in intracardiac surgery in infants under one year of age. AB - Deep hypothermia has recently gained popularity as an adjunct to intracardiac surgery for neonates and infants. A number of Japanese investigators played a role in the development and clinical application of both simple surface-induced hypothermia and the combined use of surface and perfusion cooling. The developmental history of both methods is described in detail. At the Heart Institute of Japan, 71 infants under one year of age underwent intracardiac surgery over the past six years. There has been a notable decrease in operative mortality since the employment of circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia and limited pump-perfusion. This trend is marked in infants with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension, and in those with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The Lande-Edwards membrane oxygenator proved helpful in prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. PMID- 1112716 TI - A survey for intestinal parasites in Oahu schoolchildren. PMID- 1112717 TI - The Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards. PMID- 1112718 TI - Notes on low radioactivity lead for very low background shields. PMID- 1112719 TI - Monte Carlo calculation of the response of the portable neutron monitor SNOOPY. PMID- 1112720 TI - Absolute neutron yield of a fluorescent thyroid scanner source. PMID- 1112721 TI - Some measurements of scattered radiation from an Alderson phantom for x-rays beams from 50 to 200 kVp. PMID- 1112722 TI - The radiological hazard from tritium sorbed on metal surfaces. PMID- 1112723 TI - Radiobiological aspects and radiation levels associated with the milling of monazite sand. PMID- 1112724 TI - In vivo solubility of 85 Kr in guinea pig tissues. PMID- 1112725 TI - In vivo kinetic behavior and whole-body partition coeffecients for 85 Kr in guinea pigs. PMID- 1112726 TI - Acute lethality in guinea pigs following respiratory exposure to 85 Kr. PMID- 1112727 TI - Temporal and spatial marrow dose from 90Sr-90Y in beagles: a measurement of geometry-distribution factor. PMID- 1112728 TI - Radionuclides in the autopsy samples from thorotrast patients. PMID- 1112729 TI - Thermoluninescenct in LiF: sensitization useful at low exposures. PMID- 1112730 TI - A survey of luminescent clocks in households. PMID- 1112731 TI - Quantitative determination of radioactive isotopes in reactor pool water. PMID- 1112732 TI - The timing of krypton-85 controls. PMID- 1112733 TI - Energy dependence of four neutron remmeter instruments. PMID- 1112734 TI - Comments on the concepts of biophysical dose and dose rate in continuous irradiation. PMID- 1112735 TI - Letter: The diagnosis of hip dysplasia. PMID- 1112736 TI - Veterinary medical records--are they privileged? PMID- 1112737 TI - Aerosol vaccination against feline panleukopenia. AB - Forty-seven cats were vaccinated with modified live-virus feline panleukopenia (FPL) vaccine administered by a nebulizer connected to a metal vaccination chamber. All 29 cats that dif not have FPL serum-neutralizing (SN) antibodies at the time of vaccination developed high SN titers. Five were then exposed to virulent FPL virus. Clinical signs of illness were not observed. Of 18 cats with maternally derived antibody, 14 failed to develop an immune response after vaccination. Three of these 14 cats were exposed virulent virus and all developed typical signs of FPL. It was concluded that aerosol FPL vaccination is an effective and practicable method of immunizing large number of cats. PMID- 1112738 TI - Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Drechslera spicifera in a cat. AB - A slowly evolving subcutaneous mycosis in a 10-year-old domestic shorthair cat was found to be caused by Drechslera spicifera, the imperfect state of ascomycete Cochliobolus spicifer. The cat had circular, nodular, granulomatous lesions over its sternum. Scattered individual and small groups of septate hyphae and chlamydospores were found in histologic sections. Many of the hyphae also had bizarre dilatations. Most of the fungal elements were hyaline; a few, however, were dematiacious. Because the fungus was not organized into granules in tissue, the disease could not be classified as a mycetoma. The preferred name for infections of this type is phaeohyphomycosis. PMID- 1112739 TI - Use of nonrebreathing anesthetic systems in cats. PMID- 1112740 TI - Rod-cone dysplasia (progressive retinal atrophy) in Irish setters. PMID- 1112741 TI - Some effects of posture on the radiographic appearance of the kidneys of the dog. AB - Kidneys move in response to postural changes. In laterally recumbent dogs the lower kidney glides craniad, whereas the upper kidney tends to droop, yielding radiographs in which the upper kidney is often clearer and more bean-shaped than the lower. Routine lateral projections of the kidneys are best made in right lateral recumbency. PMID- 1112742 TI - Hepatic arteriovenous fistula in two Saint Bernard pups. AB - Two saint bernard pups, 7 and 5 months old respectively, were examined because of anorexia, vomiting, and ascites. Exploratory laparotomy disclosed arteriovenous fistula of the right medial lobe of the liver in one dog, and in the right medial and quadrate lobes of the other one. Surgical removal of the affected lobes resulted in cessation of presenting signs. Both dogs remained healthy but had poor weight gain and vomited occasionally. After more than 2 years of apparently good health, both dogs were euthanatized and necropsied because of presumably unrelated gastrointestinal disturbances. PMID- 1112743 TI - Isolation in Illinois of a foreign strain of Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia). AB - Ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia) was diagnosed in Illinois in a 4 1/2 year-old mixed breed dog that had spent the previous 2 years in India. The dog had periodic epistaxis, anemia, leukopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. A titer of 1:160 for Ehrlichia canis was detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Subinoculation of blood into a clinically normal dgo resulted in typical signs of canine ehrlichiosis, and E canis was identified in circulating mononuclear cells. The recipient died 23 days after inoculation, and typical gross and microscopic lesions of ehrlichiosis were found at necropsy. Ecchymoses and petechiae were found on the gallbladder, kidneys, small intestinal mucosa, cerebrum, and cerebellum. Plasmacytosis and perivascular cuffing was evident in various organs, especially the cerebrum, cerebellum, and meninges. PMID- 1112744 TI - An epornitic of fatal chlamydiosis (ornithosis) in South Carolina turkeys. AB - An unusual epornitic of fatal chlamydiosis occurred in a flock of 10,283 domestic turkeys in South Carolina. Total mortality over a 2-week period was 483 birds (4.7% of the flock). The principal gross lesion was severe pericarditis, but there was little or no airsacculitis, an observation at variance with many previous reports of chlamydiosis. Furthermore, an unusually heavy infestation of the turkeys with sanguivorous black flies (Simulium slossonae and S congareenarum) was observed at the time of the epornitic, an occurrence that may have permitted rapid transmission of chlamydiae between turkeys in the affected flock. The strains of Chlamydia psittaci isolated from naturally infected turkeys caused pericarditis and heptopathy as well as occasional airsacculitis, with a 41% mortality in intravenously (IV) inoculated turkeys. Turkeys inoculated intramuscularly (IM) or intraperitoneally (IP) did not die; however, airsacculitis was observed in more than 85% of turkeys inoculated intraperitoneally or exposed to infection by pen contact with inoculated turkeys. The strain was highly infectious but not lethal by the latter method of transmission. The strain was similar to other virulent chlamydiae isolated from turkeys, in that small numbers of the organism caused fatal infection in guinea pigs when inoculated IP. PMID- 1112745 TI - Malignant granulosa cell tumor in a bitch. PMID- 1112746 TI - Epilepsy due to infiltrating meningioma in a dog. PMID- 1112747 TI - Nutritional problems of household cats. PMID- 1112748 TI - Amphimerus pseudofelineus infection in a cat. PMID- 1112749 TI - Experimentally induced feline calicivirus infection: clinical signs and lesions. AB - Sixty-six specific-pathogen-free cats were allotted to 10 groups and exposed by aerosol to 10 feline calicivirus (FCV) isolates. Viruses of different virulence were identified. The more virulent FCV caused pyrexia, depression, dyspnea, pneumonia, vesicles, or ulcers of the tongue and ulceration of the hard palate and nostrils. The FCV of low virulence caused similar lesions of the tongue, palate, and nostrils but little or no malaise, pyrexia, or pneumonia. Lesions produced by FCV usually were confined to the oral mucosa, tonsils, and lungs. Lesions in the nasal or trachea were associated with 2 of the 10 FCV tested. PMID- 1112750 TI - Acetaminophen toxicosis in the cat. AB - Administration by the owner of three 325-mg (5-gr) tablets of acetaminophen (N acetyl-p-aminophenol) to each of 2 adult Burmese cats was associated with severe illness of both cats and death of one. Administration of two 325-mg tablets to each of 2 experimental adult cats resulted in severe illness. Marked cyanosis was observed in experimental cats within 4 hours after administration of one 325-mg tablet. Cyanosis was apparently due to anoxia associated with conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin by acetaminophen or its metabolites. Anemia, hemoglobinuria, and icterus were subsequently observed in the cats. Anemia and hemoglobinuria were caused by intravascular hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC). Icterus was due to both lysis of RBC and hepatic necrosis. Facial edema developed in 3 of 4 cats, but the pathogenesis of this lesion was not determined. The doses of acetaminophen were extremely large; however, administration of comparable doses to cats by their owners is a potential hazard because the drug is available without prescription as a 325-mg tablet. From information available at present, it seems that acetaminophen administration to the cat causes more dramatic clinical signs and is more likely to be fatal than the same doses of salicylates. Because phenacetin is metabolized to acetaminophen, similar clinical signs may occur in cats given phenacetin. PMID- 1112751 TI - Use of a flutter valve in treatment of pneumothorax in dogs and cats. AB - The use of a catheter and flutter valve to accomplish continuous thoracic drainage was evaluated in 12 dogs and 2 cats over a 2-year period. The system was found to be safe, reliable, and well tolerated. Compared with other drainage systems, this system requires less care from the veterinary staff. PMID- 1112752 TI - An immunologic approach to population control in dogs. AB - Testicular, thyroidal, and adrenal activities were measured in male Beagles immunized against bovine luteinizing hormone for 15 or 52 weeks. Circulating antibodies were associated with atrophy of the testes, epididymides, and prostate gland. The effects of immunization were apparent by high amounts of antibodies and by reproductive dysfunction for as long as a year in 3 of 4 dogs. The thyroid and adrenal glands were not detectably affected. A single dose of human chorionic gonadotropin stimulated production of antibodies that failed to cross react with canine gonadotropins or to cause reproductive failure in immunized dogs. A single dose of ovine gonadotropin stimulated production of antibodies that were associated with inability to ejaculate for more than 20 weeks. PMID- 1112753 TI - Survey of canine and feline populations: Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California, 1970. AB - Age, sex, breed, and reproductive data were obtained on canine and feline populations in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, California. The demographic data were determined as of Dec 31, 1970, the reproductive data for all of 1970. The total of 27,076 households interviewed represented 5% of all households in the area. The canine and feline populations were estimated as 224,815 and 151,176, respectively. There was 1 dog for 7.3 persons and 1 cat for 10.8 persons. Almost half of the households included at least 1 dog or 1 cat. From the proportional distribution by age, it appeared that growth in the canine population may have peaked in 1968, with subsequent declines in pups entering households in 1969 and 1970. It was found that 47.8% of bitches and 64.6% of queens were neutered. Intact bitches of all ages averaged 0.2 litters each, those of queens, 0.9 litters each. The highest reproducing ages for both bitches and queens was between 1 and 3 years of age. In that age range, 62.9% of all canine litters and 74.4% of all feline litters were born; there were 0.4 litters per intact bitch and 1.6 litters per intact queen. PMID- 1112754 TI - Nature and use of commercial dog foods. AB - Twenty-six commercial dog foods were analyzed. They represented the 4 main types of products intended to support the growth and maintenance of normal dogs, and the special dietary products intended primarily for use in dogs with chronic renal failure. None of the products contained extremes of protein, fat, or carbohydrate that could cause nutritional problems. Several products contained concentrations of calcium that might be too high if fed ad libitum to pups. The renal diets tended to be marginal in sodium and potassium contents, especially for use during renal or cardiac disease. Estimates of available energy were used as the basis for recommending amounts of the 4 main types of dog food to be fed daily to dogs of various body weights. These deviated widely from comparable recommendations in the 1972 NRC Nutrient Requirements of Dogs but agreed almost exactly with those in the 1974 Gaines Baisc Guide to Canine Nutrition. PMID- 1112755 TI - Surgical treatment of cancer in the dog. PMID- 1112756 TI - Long-term survival after surgery for aortic embolism in a cat. PMID- 1112757 TI - Radiographic evaluation for evidence of hip dysplasia in three colonies of Beagles. PMID- 1112758 TI - Influence of inspiration and expiration on canine thoracic radiographs. PMID- 1112759 TI - Primary tumors of the spinal cord and meninges in six dogs. AB - Primary spinal cord tumors were detected in 6 mature dogs. Two of the tumors were astrocytomas, 2 were meningiomas, and 2 were neurilemmomas. Five tumors were in the cervical portion and 1 was in the lumbar portion of the spinal cord. PMID- 1112760 TI - Obstructing intestinal abscess in a dog. PMID- 1112761 TI - Effective use of cerclage in the treatment of long-bone fractures in dogs. PMID- 1112762 TI - Lysocellin, a new polyether antibiotic. I. Isolation, purification, physico chemical and biological properties. AB - A new antibiotic, lysocellin (K-5610), WAS ISOLATED FROM Streptomyces cacaoi var. asoensis K-9 Met-. Lysocellin was obtained as a colorless crystalline needles from both the cultural filtrate and the mycelium of the organism. The antibiotic melted at 158 similar to 160 degrees C and had a molecular formula C34H59O10Na 1/2H2O. It had antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, antibiotic resistant Staphyloccus aureus and some fungi, but not against gram-negative bacteria. Based on its physico-chemical and biological properties lysocellin was identified as a new polyether antibiotic. PMID- 1112763 TI - Isolation of galantins I and II, water-soluble basic peptides. Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. III. AB - Two water-soluble basic antibiotics named galantins I and II were isolated from a strain resembling Bacillus pulvifaciens. Both antibiotics are peptides containing glycine, alanine, ornithine, lysine and some unknown ninhydrin-positive components. An approximate empirical formula C50 plus and minus H98plus and minus 2O17N16 is indicated for galantin I. These are active against some gram-positive, acid-fast and gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 1112764 TI - Isolation of a new peptide antibiotic TL-119. Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. IV. AB - A new antibiotic TL-119 active against gram-positive bacteria was isolated from a strain resembling Bacillus subtilis. The antibiotic is a neutral substance, soluble in a mixture of chloroform and methanol, and is a peptide with an empirical formula of C42H57N7O9, containing threonine (1), alanine (1), valine (1), leucine (1) and phenylalanine (2). PMID- 1112765 TI - Isolation of a new peptide antibiotic complex 61-26. Studies on antibiotics from the geneus Bacillus. V. AB - A new antibiotic named 61-26 active against gram-positive bacteria and some fungi was isolated from a Bacillus strain. The antibiotic is a weakly basic peptide slightly soluble in aqueous alcohols. An approximate empirical formula of C50H93N11O17 and constituent amino acids of aspartic acid (1 mole), serine(2 moles), alanine (2moles), and sum of valine and isoleucine (2 moles) are indicated. PMID- 1112766 TI - Neocarzinostatin-induced breakdown of deoxyribonucleic acid in HeLa-S3 cells. AB - Degradation of DNA in HeLa-S3 cells mediated by an acidic antitumor protein, neocarzinostatin (NCS), was examined. The concentration of NCS required for induction of DNA degradation was considerably higher than that which caused inhibition of DNA synthesis. Sedimentation analysis of DNA revealed that HeLa-S3 cell DNA first received single-strand nicks within 60 minutes after exposure to the antibiotic, whereas detectable double-strand scissions eventually gave rise to the accumulation of double-stranded DNA fragments of heterogeneous size. When the cells exposed to NCS were transferred to NCS-free medium at early stages of the degradation, the single-strand nicks caused in DNA were repaired by a process which was sensititive to puromycin. PMID- 1112767 TI - Identity of the antitumor antibiotic litmomycin with granaticin A. PMID- 1112768 TI - Isolation of maltotetraose from Streptomyces as an antibiotic against Erwinia carotovora. PMID- 1112769 TI - Incorporation of L-methionine-methyl-14-C into gentamicins. III. Chromatographic separation and degradation of components of methyl-34-C-gentamicin complex. PMID- 1112770 TI - Isolation of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). AB - Covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from two strains of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), representing two of the known fertility types. In each of the two strains circular DNA of about 20 times 10-6 daltons could be detected, amounting to about 1.5% of the total cellular DNA. The possible function of this DNA is discussed. PMID- 1112771 TI - Isolation and properties of a recombination-deficient mutant of Micrococcus radiodurans. AB - A mutant of micrococcus radiodurans which is deficient in recombination has been isolated after treatment of the wild type with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. We have called this mutant Micrococcus radiodurans rec30. The efficiency of recombination in this mutant, as measured by transformation, is less than 0.01% that of the wild type. It is 15 times more sensitive to the lethal action of ultraviolet radiation, 120 times more sensitive to ionizing radiation, and 300 times more sensitive to mitomycin C (MMC) than the wild type. It is probably inactivated by a single MMC-induced deoxyribonucleic acid cross link per genome. The excision of ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers is normal. There is no radiation-induced degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid. All spontaneous revertants selected for resistance to low levels of MMC had wild-type resistance to radiation and MMC, and the same efficiency of recombination as the wild type, suggesting that the recombination deficiency of the strain is due to a single mutation. Deoxyribonucleic acid from this mutant can transform M. radiodurans UV17 presumed deficient in an exr type gene to wild type. PMID- 1112772 TI - Role of vitamin K2 in the organization and function of Staphylococcus aureua membranes. AB - A mutant of Staphylococcus aureus auxotrophic for menadione (a vitamin K2 precursor) was used to study the effects of menadione deprivation on the structure and function of the cell membrane. The phospholipid composition and metabolism was essentially unaltered by menadione deprivation. Removal of this percursor caused cellular levels of the cytochromes, protoheme, vitamin K2, and several membrane-bound flavoprotein dehydrogenase activities to decrease as a function of growth dilution. The cytochromes were enzymatically reducible and maintained in the same proportions as menadione-supplemented cells. Oxidative phosphorylation, however, was reduced more than 10-fold and membrane vesicles obtained from menadione-deprived cells were unable to couple glycine transport to L-lactate oxidation. Succinic dehydrogenase and adenosine 5' triphosphate hydrolysis appeared unaffected by menadione deprivation. These data suggest that menadione deprivation in the mutant stops the synthesis of vitamin K2 and other electron transport chain components and prosthetic groups. Although individual electron transport chain members remained fully functional during menadione deprivation, the overall efficiency of the chain, measured in terms of its function in electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transport chain-linked transport, dropped greatly. This suggests that the synthesis of vitamin K2 is modulated to the synthesis of other components of the electron transport system, and that their organization into a functional system requires a specific concentration of vitamin K2 with respect to total membrane lipid. PMID- 1112773 TI - Regulation of the Thiobacillus intermedius glucose uptake system by thiosulfate. AB - Cells of the mixotrophic chemolithotroph (facultative autotroph) Thiobacillus intermedius which have been grown on a glucose-yeast extract medium, a condition in which glucose is used as a source of energy, accumulate the non-metabolizable analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose against a concentration gradient in a predominantly unchanged state. On the other hand, cells grown mixotrophically on a thiosulfate glucose medium, a condition in which glucose provides cell carbon but is not used extensively for energy, and in which enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway are repressed, do not accumulate 2-deoxy-d-glucose significantly. Similarly, cells grown chemolithotrophically on thiosulfate-carbonate do not take up this sugar. Transfer of thiosulfate-yeast extract-grown cells, which lack the capacity to accumulate 2-deoxy-d-glucose, to a glucose-yeast extract medium results in the induction of the concentrative sugar uptake system. The capacity of induced cells to take up 2-deoxy-d-glucose is inhibited by thiosulfate. Thus, the transport system for glucose appears to be regulated in this organism so that the sugar is accumulated only under conditions where it is utilized as a source of energy, and the presence of the preferred energy source leads to both repression and inhibition of the uptake system. PMID- 1112774 TI - Exocellular glycopeptide from a Penicillium charlesii mutant incapable of growth on D-galactose. AB - The compositions of exocellular saccharide-containing polymers from six mutants of Penicillium charlesii incapable of growing on galactose were investigated. The polymers from the mutants contain a much smaller percentage of galactose than that reported for the peptidophosphogalactomannan (PPGM) from the wild-type organism (Gander et al. 1974). A polymer containing only one galactosyl residue per 49 mannosyl residues was investigated in detail. This polymer is a glycopeptide (peptidomannan) with an amino acid composition similar to that of peptidophospogalactomannan and a mass of about 23,000 daltons. Treatment of peptidomannan with 0.4 N NaOH releases mannan, mannopentaose, mannotetraose, mannotriose, mannobiose, and mannose residues, which are attached to the peptide by O-glycosidic linkage to seryl and threonyl groups. The quantity of glycerol and threitol, derived from mannosyl and internal galactofuranosyl residues, respectively, following Smith degradation, showed that peptidomannan contains 2 mol of internal galactofuranosyl residues per mol of polymer. The polymer contains only 3 mol of (1 yields 5)-linked galactofuranosyl residues per mol of polymer, as described by analysis of the methylation products. Methylation analysis also indicates that the polysaccharide contains primarily (1 yields 2) linked (67.5%) and (1 yields 6)-linked (20.2%) mannopyranosyl residues. However, acetolysis of the polymer suggests that 37% of the residues are (1 yields 6) linked. Mannopentaose, mannotetraose, mannotriose, mannobiose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 0.30:0.11:0.15:0.39:0.06, respectively, are released by acetolysis. This result is similar to that obtained with peptidophosphogalactomannan. We conclude that the occurrence of large numbers of galactofuranosyl residues in the major extracellular glycopeptide is not an obligatory requirement for glycopeptide formation. PMID- 1112775 TI - Citrate uptake in membrane vesicles of Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - In whole cells of Klebsiella aerogenes grown anaerobically on citrate as sole carbon source, citrate uptake is followed by rapid catabolism of the substrate via the inducible citrate fermentation pathway. Membrane vesicles prepared from such cells take up citrate but do not catabolize it. Vesicles process d-lactate dehydrogenase and the Na+-requiring oxalacetate decarboxylase. Citrate is taken up in the presence of Na+, and other monovalent cations, such as NH4+, Rb+, Cs+, or K+, do not substitute for Na+. Li+ appears to act synergistically with Na+. Citrate uptake is inhibited by N-2, cyanide, azide, sulfhydryl reagents, dinitrophenol, fluorcitrate, and hydroxycitrate. PMID- 1112776 TI - Characterization of chromatin-bound erythrocyte histone V (f2c). Synthesis, acetylation, and phosphorylation. AB - Synthesis and enzymatic modification of histone V was 1 order of magnitude lower in mature gander erythrocytes as compared with immature enriched cells hwich were capable of DNA synthesis. Application of shallow, linear gradient chromatography was used to demonstrate qualitative changes as well. This technique permitted the separation of newly synthesized and phosphorylated histone V from older, less phosphorylated molecules but did not discriminate between acetylated species. The most easily eluted fractions were those most recently synthesized, acetylated, and phosphorylated. While lysine chased into the other subfractions of histone V, phosphate did not, indicating a dephosphorylation step in the immature cells. Acetylation of histone V which occurs at a very low level was closely related to its synthesis. No differences in molecular weights or amino acid compositions were apparent, and behavior on polyacrylamide gels was similar to whole histone V. It is proposed that phosphorylation of histone V may play an important role in the modulation of the effect of histone V in immature cells on condensation and template restriction of chromatin which occurs in the terminal stages of differentiation of the avian erythroid cells. PMID- 1112777 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases in the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii. AB - Three forms of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase have been separated by chromatography of extracts of yeast-like cells and mycelium of the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii. Each of the three eznymes has been purified by means of protamine sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and velocity sedimentation. Electrophoresis under denaturing conditions showed differences in the subunit compositions of all three purified enzymes. The properties of the enzymes from M. rouxii were similar to those of polymerases from other eukaryotic organisms. Denatured DNA was a better template than native DNA for all three enzymes but each enzyme had a distinct pattern of activities with different templates. Enzymes I and III displayed optimal activity with Mn-2gs the divalent cation and were stimulated significantly by Kcl and (NH4)2S04. Enzyme II had a greater activity with Mg-2gnd was only slightly stimulated by KCl and (NH4)2SO4. None of the enzymes were inhibited by cycloheximide or by rifampicin: all were inhibited by actinomycin C and rifampin AF/018: only enzyme II was inhibited by alpha-amanitin. No differences could be found in the properties of the same enzymes isolated from yeast-like cells or mycelium. PMID- 1112778 TI - Identification of functional arginine residues in ribonuclease A and lysozyme. AB - A specific color reaction has been developed for the detection of N-7, N-8-(1,2 dihydroxycyclohex-1,2-ylene)-L-arginine-containing peptides. The reaction is based on the fact that hydroxylamine converts the blocking group to cyclohexanedione dioxime, which forms a red nickel complex. N-7, N-8-(1,2 dihydroxycyclohex-1,2-ylene)-L-arginine-containing peptides can also be detected by diagonal electrophoresis from the change of electrophoretic mobility of these peptides on interaction of the blocking group with borate. Since the modified arginine residues are resistant to tryptic cleavate, changes in tryptic peptide patterns can also be utilized to identify the presence of modified arginine residues. A combination of these approaches was used to identify the arginine residues modified by cyclohexanedione treatment. Bovine panctreatic RNase A loses approximately 90% of its activity on cyclohexanedione treatment with the modification of 2 to 3 arginine residues. Arginine-39 reacts most rapidly and its modification contributes most to inactivation of the enzyme. Arginine-85 also reacts rapidly with cyclohexanedione. Arginine-10 reacts slowly and no reaction was observed with arginine-33. Removal of the blocking groups by hydroxylamine treatment resulted in complete recovery of enzyme activity in samples where arginine-39 and arginine-85 had been modified, whereas 80% of activity was regained from samples where arginine-10 had also been modified. With egg white lysozyme, all 11 arginine residues react with cyclohexanedione, resulting in partial inactivation of the enzyme. The fully modified enzyme retains 35% of its activity. Since arginine residues are important for electrostatic interaction between the enzyme and the negatively charges cell surface, even the modified, basic residues can provide the necessary positive charges. In the presence of borate, activity is almost completely abolished, since the modified arginine borate complex has a reduced net positive charge. Upon removal of the blocking groups by hydroxylamine, even the fully modified lysozyme regains complete activity. With the exception of the most reactive arginine (residue 5), modification of all other arginine residues contributes equally to inactivation of the enzyme. The possible reason for the importance of arginine-5 in maintaining activity is discussed. Advantages of the present method for the selective reversible modification of arginine residues of proteins and for the identification of reactive arginine residues are evaluated. PMID- 1112779 TI - Mechanism of inactivation of the flavoenzyme lactate oxidase by oxalate. AB - Lactate oxidase from Mycobacterium smegmatic is strongly inhibited by oxalate. The inhibition is reversible in the absence and irreversible in the presence of light. Oxalate is bound to the enzyme in a two-step process with an over-all Kd of 1.6 times 10--5 M. The first step is a fast second order reaction with k-1/k1 equals 8.3 times 10--3 M, leading to a Complex I. This complex is then reversibly converted to a different Complex II in a slow first order reaction (k2 equals 40 min--1; k-2 equals 0.07 min--1), which is accompanied by major spectral perturbations of the flavin spectrum. With oxamate, two steps could not be demonstrated, and its binding is described by a single step reversible process, which is second order in oxamate (k1 equals 6.8 times 10-3 M--1 s--1, k-1 equals 28 s--1). Upon illumination the enzyme-oxalate Complex II is converted very rapidly at position N(5) of the flavin. Slow hydrolysis in the dark under anaerobic conditions subsequently yields free reduced enzyme. The light reaction of the oxamate comples is, in contrast, very slow and yields a stable N(5) urea adduct of the reduced flavin. PMID- 1112780 TI - Partial purification and characterization of beta-galactosidase from rat brain hydrolyzing glycosphingolipids. AB - Adult rat brain beta-galactosidase was partially purified with the use of lactosylceramide, galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-galactosyl-glucosylceramide, galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)galactosyl glucosylceramide, and 4-methylumbelliferyl theta-galactoside as substrates. Approximately 50-fold purification was achieved by solubilization, ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Activities toward the above four substrates behaved essentially identically throughout the pruification procedure. Considerable differences were noted between the apparent properties determined with whole homogenate and those of the purer enzyme preparations. Based on these studies, assay procedures for the purified preparation for the three glycosphingolipid substrates were standardized. Inhibition studies with the use of varieties of simple sugars, oligosaccharide chains prepared from glycosphingolipids, and intact sphingolipids suggested that the enzyme which cleaves lactosylceramide may be different from the enzyme(s) which is active toward the other two glycosphingolipids. The oligosaccharide chains of the glycosphingolipids were much poorer inhibitors for the respective glycosphingolipid beta-galactosidases than the original intact glycosphingolipids or ceramide, and in some instances, even unrelated sphingolipids. These findings indicated the importance of the lipophilic groups and perhaps of the entire molecular configuration of glycosphingolipids in determining the specificity of these glycosphingolipid theta-galactosidases. PMID- 1112781 TI - The exterior surface of the chicken erythrocyte. AB - The exterior surface of mature chicken erythrocytes has been labeled with a cationic membrane impermeable reagent, rho-nitrophenyl-N,N,N trimethy[125I]iodotyrosinate. This reagent forms stable covalent bonds with the amino groups of exposed protein and lipid companents. Two major protein components with subunit molecular weights of 100,000 and 55,000 are found on the outer surface of mature chicken erythrocytes. Both of the labeled components coincide were periodic acid-Schiff base-stained areas on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicating that they may be glycoproteins. PMID- 1112782 TI - A membrane protein from human erythrocytes involved in anion exchange. AB - Phosphate transport across the membrane of human erythrocytes, at pH 6.42, is a saturable process with an external Km of 80 mM and a Vmax of 2.8 mmol per liter of red cells per min. Transport is inhibited in a reversible manner by the sulfanilate anion and in an irreversible manner by the isothiocyanate derivative of the sulfanilate anion. This reagent reacts with only one membrane protein. When 300,000 molecules of reagent per cell are covalently attached to protein, transport is completely inhibited. This transport protein is a glycoprotein, it belongs to the general class designated as component a by Bretscher, and it therefore spans the bilayer. Transport does not involve movement of the protein around an axis parallel to the plane of the membrane. PMID- 1112783 TI - Biphasic inactivation of procine heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. AB - Temperature studies have indicated that from 0 to 37 degrees, the time-dependent inactivation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from porcine heart by pyridoxal 5-phosphate (pyridoxal-5-P) is biphasic. The initial phase of the inactivation is reversible but can be made irreversible by reduction with sodium borohydride. The reduced pryidoxal-5-P-enzyme adduct exhibits a new absorbance maximum at 325 nm and a fluorescence emission at 392 nm when excited at 325. The irreversible second phase of the inactivation is accompanied by the appearance of a new 325-nm absorbance maximum, in the absence of reduction, and a fluorescence emission centered about 390 to 400 nm when excited at 325. The evidence presented suggests the formation of a Schiff base between pyridoxal-5-P and a nucleophilic residue, most likely lysine, of malate dehydrogenase during the first phase of inactivation. An X-azolidine-like structure, a further derivative of the Schiff base, possessing spectral properties consistent with the reported data, may be formed during the second phase; this presumably involves a second nucleophilic residue of the enzyme, implicating the action of pyridoxal-5-P as a bifunctional reagent in this instance. The presence of the coenzyme, NADH, protects the enzyme from inactivation, suggesting that pyridoxal-5-P interacts at or near the malate dehydrogenase active center. Simultaneous binding studies using pyridoxal-5-P with known malate dehydrogenase competitive inhibitors AMP, ADP, and nicotinamide indicate that the pyridoxal-5-P modification occurs in the general area of the ADP portion of the coenzyme binging site. Furthermore, the presence of nicotinamide enhances pyridoxal-5-P binding to and inactivation of malate dehydrogenase. PMID- 1112784 TI - Interaction of guanosine nucleotides with elongation factor 2. I. Equilibrium dialysis studies. AB - Binding of the guanosine nucleotides, GDP and GTP, to elongation factor 2 (EF-2) from rat liver was studied by equilibrium dialysis. It was found that the enzyme has one binding site for GDP with a dissociation constant of 4 times 10--7 M. The examination of GTP binding was difficult due to the simultaneous presence of GDP and GTP even in purified GTP preparations. This problem was further magnified by traces of GTPase in the enzyme preparation. However, by analyzing the incubation mixtures by thin layer chromatography the fraction of the total nucleotide binding to EF-2 which was due to GDP could be determined and corrected for. A GTP binding curve, corrected for GDP binding, and GTP hydrolysis extrapolated to one binding site with a dissociation constant of approximately 2 times 10--6 M. The nonhydrolyzable GTP analogue, theta, gamma-methylene-guanosine-5-triphosphate, also bound to EF-2 in a 1:1 ratio. During the studies of GTP binding to EF-2 it was observed that the enzyme preparation contained a GTP-GDP transphosphorylase activity. It was initially thought that this was a novel property of EF-2, but when the activity was followed during purification of EF-2 it was whown that it was an impurity in the EF-2 preparation. ATP as well as GTP can serve as a phosphate donor in the transphosphorylation reaction; this might suggest that regeneration of GTP from GDP can take place via this pathway. PMID- 1112785 TI - Interaction of guanosine nucleotides with elongation factor 2. II. Effect of ribosomes and magnesium ions on guanosine diphosphate and guanosine triphosphate binding to the enzyme. AB - The effects of ribosomes and Mg-2plus on the binding of GDP and GTP to elongation factor 2 (EF-2) have been studied by an improved filter-binding assay. Both ribosomes and Mg-2plus strongly inhibit the binding of GDP but have apparently no effect on the GTP binding to the enzyme. An apparent stimulation by ribosomes of GTP binding to EF-2 is time-dependent and parallels a concomitant increase of the GDP concentration in the incubation mixture. Based on these results and evidence obtained by other investigators it is suggested that changes in the GTP:GDP ratio associated with the elongation and termination reactions of protein synthesis cause conformational changes of the respective factors which consequently will modulate the binding and dissociation of the enzymes from ribosomes. Further evidence of the role GDP may play as a modulator of protein synthesis might possibly be provided by studies of the GTP-GDP transphosphorylase activity which is present as an impurity in highly purified preparations of EF-2 as well as in ribosome preparations. It is demonstrated that relatively high concentrations of GDP in the presence of GTP completely block the ribosome-dependent GTPase activity of EF-2. Instead, the transphosphorylase enzyme(s) catalyzes an exchange reaction between GTP and GDP during which GDP remains bound to EF-2 and the relative concentrations of the two nucleotides do not change. PMID- 1112786 TI - Isolation and characterization of acetylcholinesterase and other particulate proteins in the hemolymph of Aplysia californica. AB - Hemolymph of the marine mollusc, Aplysia californica, contains four large particles: acetylcholinesterase, hemocyanin, a hemagglutinin, and a structure tentatively identified as erythrocurorin. We purified the acetylcholinesterase 20 fold by differential centrifugation and filtration through a column of 4% agarose. The freshly isolated esterase complex was found to have a sedimentation coefficient of 69, but the negatively stained enzyme lacked a definite structure in the electron microscope, and appeared as irregular aggregates of a 60 A subunit. The complex was unstable below pH 5 or during storage at 7 degrees. Under these conditions, enzymatic activity remained essentially unchanged. Treatment of the purified enzyme with trichloroacetic acid, organic solvents, and sodium dodecyl sulfate broke the complex down into two major subunits with molecular weights of about 70,000. Exposure of the enzyme to [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate resulted in the labeling of one of these subunits. Although similar in specificity, the cholinesterase of the blood differed from the enzyme in Aplysia nervous tissue, which is associated with membrane. Treatment with sodium deoxycholate activated the membrane-associated enzyme but inhibited slightly that of the hemolymph; tyrocidine inhibited the hemolymph enzyme but not the enzyme of nervous tissue; and mild digestion with trypsin released the membrane-bound enzyme in an active, soluble form, but inactivated the enzyme of hemolymph. The other particulates of Aplysia hemolymph were partially characterized. Aplysia hemocyanin was similar in structure to other molluscan hemocyanins. When negatively stained, the unit particle appeared to be a disc with a diameter of 280 A and a width of 45 A. These discs were stacked to form long cylindrical arrays. The purified hemocyanin was found to contain 0.26% copper (dry weight). Using differential centrifugation and gel filtration we also obtained a 9-fold purification of Aplysia hemagglutinin. This particle was 120 A in diameter with a dark staining central core of 40 A consisting of 6 subunits. The particle tentatively identified as erythrocurorin appeared as a structure 200 A in diameter consisting of 5 V-shaped subunits. PMID- 1112787 TI - The sialic acids. XVIII. Subcellular distribution of seven glycosyltransferases in embryonic chicken brain. AB - The subcellular distribution of seven glycosyltransferases was studied in embryonic chicken brain. Four of the transferases are required for the synthesis of gangliosides, and three for the synthesis of the terminal trisaccharide units of serum type glycoproteins. Six of the transferases were found only in the particulate fraction of homogenates, while one (UDP-galactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferase) was found both in the paritculate and soluble fractions of young embryonic chicken brain, but only in the particulate fraction obtained from older embryos. The source of the soluble galactosyltransferase was found to be the fluid surrounding the embryonic brain. Fractionation studies by the Whittaker technique showed that the seven activities were located primarily in the nerve ending (synaptosome)-rich fraction. PMID- 1112789 TI - Hemolysis of human erythrocyte induced by a rapid temperature jump. AB - When an isotonic suspension of human erythrocytes was subjected to a rapid temperature jump (heating time of 2 mus), the following phenomena were observed. Although a jump of 0.05 degrees caused no visible damage to the cell membranes, it facilitated the permeation of [3H]glucose into the cells. A jump of 0.5 degrees induced a hemolysis of the cells. The hemolysis was accompanied by extensive alterations of membrane morphology possibly caused by ruptures of the membranes. Turbidity changes of the suspension after the temperature jump were consistent with a swelling of erythrocytes followed by a shrinking of the swollen cells. The phenomena of the water transport and the hemolysis induced by the temperature jump may be understood by the theory of thermal osmosis (Spanner, D. C. (1954) Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 8, 76). Slow heating of the suspension shows no such effects. Thermal osmosis may be an important factor in the water transport and bioenergetics of the living cells. PMID- 1112788 TI - Stimulation of the uptake of soluble proteins into isolated HeLa nuclei by pancreatic deoxyribonuclease. AB - The uptake into isolated HeLa nuclei of radioactive cytosol proteins and purified Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L7 is stimulated up to 4-fold by pancreatic deoxyribonuclease (DNase I). Similar effects are not observed with pancreatic ribonuclease A or phospholipase C. The results reported suggest that there is a general stimulatory effect of DNase on protein uptake by nuclei. PMID- 1112790 TI - Quaternary structure of partially liganded intermediates of sheep carbon monoxide hemoglobin at alkaline pH. AB - A rapid change in absorbance was observed in the Soret region during the interval between photolysis of sheep carbon monoxide hemoglobin and the subsequent reassociation of CO in the dark. The rate constant for this spectral change was about 4000 s--1 at 20 degrees in 0.05 M solium borate, pH 9.3. The wavelength dependence of the amplitude of the absorbance change is similar to that observed when deoxygenated alpha and theta chains are allowed to recombine (Brunori, M., Antonini, E., Wyman, J., and Anderson, S. R. (1968) J. Mol. Biol. 34, 357-359), and therefore reflects changes in the quanternary structure of the hemoglobin tetramer induced by ligand displacement. The amplitude of this conformation dependent spectral change was not a linear function of the fraction of bound CO removed by photolysis. The results suggest that of the possible intermediate species present after partial photolysis, only Hb4 and Hb4(CO) change from the ligand-bound to the ligand-free sturcture prior to CO reassociation under these alkaline conditions. PMID- 1112791 TI - Topographical arrangement of membrane proteins in the intact myelin sheath. Lactoperoxidase incorproation of iodine into myelin surface proteins. AB - The lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination technique was utilized to incorporate radioactive iodine into membrane proteins which lie on the outer surface of the myelin sheath. An intact, myelinated nerve bundle, the dorsal column of the cat spinal cord, was employed. The enzymatically iodinated proteins were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the specific radioactivity was determined. Results indicated that several high molecular weight proteins were predominantly labeled by the nonpenetrating lactopreoxidase. Proteolipid protein was also labeled, although to a lesser extent; basic protein was not labeled under these conditions. The data suggest that several high molecular weight proteins are exposed on the outer surface of the myelin sheath. Proteolipid protein is at least partially exposed on the outer surface, although it could be present at both membrane surfaces. Evidence is presented which suggests that the basic protein is located at the inner surface of the membrane, corresponding to the major dense line of myelin. PMID- 1112792 TI - Egasyn, a protein complexed with microsomal beta-glucuronidase. AB - Two polypeptide chains are present in murine beta-glucuronidase precipitated with a specific anti-beta-glucuronidase antibody F(ab)2 fragment. One is the catalytic subunit of beta-glucuronidase and the other has the properties predicted for the hypothetical beta-gluronidase membrane anchor protein. The new protein, named egasyn, is associated with microsomal, but no lysosomal beta-glucuronidase. It is released from the microsomal beta-glucuronidase complex by heat treatment. The YBR strain of mice carrying the Eg degrees mutation does not form an egasyn-beta glucuronidase complex and is unable to retain beta-glucuronidase on microsomal membranes. PMID- 1112793 TI - Characterization of globin messenger ribonucleic acids in membrane polysomes of mouse reticulocytes. AB - Between 20 and 30% of the polysomes in mouse reticulocytes are associated with the cell membrane fraction. These polysomes are not liberated by washing with 0.5 m KCl and are therefore thought to be attached to membranes. They have the same percentage of polyadenylic acid-containing RNA, as determined by oligo(dT) cellulose affinity chromatography, as cytoplasmic polysomes. Analysis of the RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in aqueous solutions shows that at least 95% of the RNA migrates identically with the cytoplasmic polysomal globin mRNAs. Electrophoresis in 99% formamide resolves the membrane mRNAs into two bands which migrate identically with the cytoplasmic alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs. The molar ratio of the alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs, as determined by quantitating the bands on the formamide gels, is similar to that of the cytoplasmic mRNAs. There is also no difference in biological activity between the two messenger preparations. The polyadenylic acid in the membrane mRNAs, isolated after labeling mice in vivo for 20 hours with (32P)orthophosphate, migrates with the three broad size classes previously shown to be present in the cytoplasmic globin mRNAs. The 32P specific activity of the membrane mRNAs and ribosomal RNA fractions after different times of labeling with 32Pi are similar to those from cytoplasmic polysomes. These observations show that the reticulocyte membranes contain approximately 20% of the cellular globin nRNAs, and that these mRNAs are similar to those from cytoplasmic polysomes. PMID- 1112795 TI - A synthetic 70-amino acid residue analog of ribonuclease S-protein with enzymic activity. AB - A 70-residue analog of RNase S-protein was synthesized by the solid phase method. It was obtained by omitting the NH2 terminus from positions 21 to 25 and the segments 36 to 40, 58 to 73, 87 to 96, and 113 to 114. Four residues were inserted to link the ends formed by the deletions. Half-cystine residues that had not been part of the deletions were replaced by alanine or leucine residues. The synthetic polypeptide was separated by gel filtration into a dimer and a monomer. Both fractions were purified further by ion exchange chromatography. The dimeric 70-residue S-protein analog had a specific activity of approximately 4% using RNA as substrate. It also cleaved other substrates of RNase A such as 5'-(3' cytidylyl)-guanosine, 5'-(3'-uridylyl)-guanosine, and polycytidylic acid. The monomer of the 70-residue analog was less active but showed the same substrate specificity as the dimer. It was found that both fractions of the synthetic S protein analog catalyzed only the transphosphorylation step of the RNase A mechanism and had very little if any activity in the hydrolysis step. Addition of natural S-peptide or S-protein did not increase the activity in the transphosphorylation reaction but greatly enhanced the reaction rate of the hydrolysis step. IN THE PRESENCE OF S-peptide, both monomeric and dimeric 70 residue S-protein, both monomeric and dimeric 70- residue S-protein analog had approximately 8% activity using cyclic cytidine 2':3'-monophosphate as substrate. The mixtures of monomer and dimer of the synthetic S-protein analog with natural S-protein generated even higher activities (151 and 74%, respectively) against this substrate despite the fact that the NH2-terminal portion of the natural enzyme (including His 12) was missing in both components of the two complexes. The 70-residue S-protein analog was completely inactive against DNA and (with one exception) against substrates for RNase T1. The close agreement of the substrate specificity of the synthetic analog with that of native RNase A in the transphosphorylation step suggested a remarkable conservation of the configuration of the active site despite drastic changes of the primary structure of the parent molecule. Possible implications of these results for the mechanism of action of RNase A are discussed. PMID- 1112794 TI - Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. A study of Met-tRNA f Met binding factor(s) and Met-tRNA f Met binding to ribosomes and AUG codon. AB - The effects of additions of Mg-2+, ribosomes, and AUG codon on the Met-tRNAf Met initiation factor-GTP complex were studied using a Millipore filtration method (J. Biol. Chem. 248, 4500 (1973)). Upon addition of increasing concentration of Mg-2+, the Met-tRNAf Met-initiation factor-GTP complex dissociates into free Met tRNAf Met and initiation factor (GTP), with an infection around 1.5 to 2 mM Mg 2+. The Mg-2+-induced dissociation of Met-tRNAf Met-initiation factor-GTP complex was enhanced at ice bath temperature. At 37 degrees and in the presence of 1.5 to 2mM Mg-2+, the Met-tRNAf Met-initiation factor-GTP complex catalyzes the transfer of Met-tRNAf Met to ribosomes and AUG codon. Ribosome bound Met-tRNAf Met is stable to Mg-2+ and low temperature. A Millipore filtration assay for studies of (35S)Met-tRNAf Met binding to ribosomes and Aug codon has been developed. The assay procedure is carried out in three stages. In Stage I, the Met-tRNAf Met is bound to initiation factor in the presence of GTP, AUG codon (required for Stage II reaction), and 3.7 times 10-5 M aurintricarboxylic acid. The incubation is carried out at 37 degrees for 5 min. In Stage II, ribosomes and Mg-2+ (1.5 to 2mM final concentration) are added and the incubation is continued at 37 degrees for 10 min. In Stage III, more Mg-2+ is added to make the final Mg-2+ concentration of the incubation mixture 5 mM, and the reactions are further incubated at ice bath temperature for 10 min. The reactions are then terminated by addition of excess cold wash buffer and filtered through Millipore filters. Under the standard assay conditions, the radioactivity bound to Millipore filters in the absence of ribosomes and AUG codon is markedly reduced. Addition of ribosomes alone gave a significant increase in the radioactivity bound to Millipore filters. A further 2- to 3-fold stimulation of binding of (35S)Met-tRNAf Met to Millipore filters was observed when both ribosomes and AUG codon were added. The Met-tRNAf Met bound to ribosomes under the assay condition was reactive with puromycin. Upon DEAE-cellulose chromatography of a partially purified mixture of initiation factors (IF), Met-tRNAf Met binding activities separate into two forms, and are designated as IF-1A and IF-1B. These two forms can be distinguished by the stabilities of their respective Met-tRNAf Met-IF-1-GTP complexes to Mg-2+. The Met-tRNAf Met-IF-1A-GTP complex is distinctly more stable in the presence of Mg-2+ than Met-tRNAf Met-IF-1B-GTP complex. Continue. PMID- 1112797 TI - Purification of the subunits of transcarboxylase by affinity chromatography on avidin-sepharose. AB - Transcarboxylase consists of a central 12 SH subunits each of which is linked to the central subunit by two similar to 1.3 SE biotin carboxyl carrier proteins. The subunits from dissociated transcarboxylase have been difficult to isolate because conditions which stabilize them also promote their reassociation to the intact enzyme. In this paper, we describe the use of avidin-Sepharose to adsorb the enzyme from crude extracts or partially purified transcarboxylase of propionibacteria. After removing impurities by washing the column with phosphate buffer at pH 6.5, in which the transcarboxylase is stable, the enzyme is dissociated first by elution at pH 8 yielding a fraction containing mostly 12 SH subunit which can be rapidly stabilized against dissociation to 6 SH without the problem of reconstitution because the 1.3 SE and most of the 5 SE subunits are not eluted. The second elution is at pH 9 which yields the 5 SE subunit by dissociation from the 1.3 SE biotin subunit and the 1.3 SE subunit remains bound to the avidin. The 12 SH and 5 SE subunits are further purified by glycerol density gradient centrifugation or by chromatography on Bio-Gel. Very active enzyme can be reconstituted from these subunits upon the addition of the 1.3 SE subunit. PMID- 1112796 TI - Sequential degradation of keratan sulfate by bacterial enzymes and purification of a sulfatase in the enzymatic system. AB - Pseudomonas sp. IFO-13309 and Actinobacillus sp. IFO-13310, bacteria which exhibit a symbiotic growth in a medium containing keratin sulfate as a sole carbon source, were isolated from soil. Extracts of these organisms were shown to contain an endoglycosidase, a sulfatase, and exo-beta-D-galactosidase, and an exo beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase which, together, catalyze an extensive cleavage of corneal keratan sulfate. The Pseudomonas extract was particularly rich in the endoglycosidase activity and poor in the exoglycosidase activities. The Actinobacillus extract, in sharp contrast, contained principally the exoglycosidases. The sulfatase activity did not show this marked difference in distribution. A sulfatase was purified from the crude extract of Actinobacillus. The purified sulfatase reacted little or not at all with keratan sulfate, but acted on 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo beta-D-glucosyl-(1 leads to 3)-D-galactose, and a tetrasaccharide trisulfate having 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-D-glucose at the nonreducing end (prepared from keratan sulfate with an endogalactosidase). The enzyme removed one sulfate group from the tetrasaccharide trisulfate, producing an oligosaccharide which, unlike the parent oligosaccharide, was susceptible to hydrolysis with exo-beta-D N-acetylglucosaminidase. The data suggest that the nonreducing end is the only site at wich enzymatic desulfation is carried out. PMID- 1112798 TI - Synthesis of membrane protein in slices of rat cerebral cortex. AB - Protein synthesis was studied in slices from rat cerebral cortex and localized in various purified subcellular membrane fractions isolated after incubation with L leucine. A synaptosomal fraction isolated from a several times washed crude mitochondrial pellet showed very little contamination by free membranes, and the synaptic membrane fraction isolated from it was estimated to c +ain about 50% of this component. Leucine incorporation into all fractions was highly sensitive (greater than 95%) to emetine except for the cell and synaptic mitochondrial subfractions. They were only 60 to 70% inhibited by emetine and showed 10 to 20% inhibition by chloramphenicol which probably was due to those proteins synthesized in situ by the mitochondria. The net rate of incorporation of labeled protein into the synaptosomal and synaptic membrane subfractions was low, and axonal flow was excluded as a significant source of this label. On the basis of autoradiography it was concluded that the majority of the protein label was contributed by free and membrane-enclosed ribosome-containing contaminants in these fractions. Unlabeled and labeled subcellular fractions were also analyzed by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The staining profiles of the microsomal and synaptic membrane subfractions were nearly identical, whereas those of synaptic mitochondria and the soluble proteins of the cell bodies were unique. The labeling of all proteins was blocked by emetine, except for the synaptic mitochondria (cell mitochondria were not examined). These products of mitochondrial protein synthesis exhibited three labeling peaks, the major one with a molecular weight of approximately 38,000. In the absence of emetine, slices incorporated amino acids into soluble and microsomal proteins with high specific activity. The labeled proteins of the soluble fraction were more highly concentrated in the range of molecular weights smaller than 50,000 than were those in the microsomal fraction, and it was concluded that a considerable portion of the protein-synthesizing machinery of the brain is geared to form soluble proteins. The gel patterns of labeled microsomal and synaptic membranes were consistent with contamination by the former contributing most of the protein label in the latter. PMID- 1112799 TI - Effects of extracellular cations and ouabain on catecholamine-stimulated sodium and potassium fluxes in turkey erythrocytes. AB - In turkey erythrocytes, potassium influx can be inhibited by several cations whose order of effectiveness is Rb greater than Cs greater than Li greater than Mg = Ca = Ba. Extracellular sodium does not alter potassium influx. Sodium influx is not altered by any of these monovalent cations but magnesium, calcium, or barium reduced sodium influx by 30 to 40%. Potassium outflux is not influenced by extracellular sodium or potassium while sodium outflux is not influenced by extracellular potassium but increases progressively with increasing extracellular sodium. Isoproterenol stimulates potassium influx only when sodium or lithium is present in the medium and catecholamine stimulation increases progressively with increasing extracellular sodium. Isoproterenol-stimulated sodium influx is enhanced by extracellular potassium, rubidium or cesium, and catecholamine stimulation increases progressively with increasing extracellular potassium. Isoproterenol inhibits potassium outflux in a solution free of sodium and potassium, and this inhibition can be abolished by adding sodium but not by adding potassium. In solutions containing both sodium and potassium, isoproterenol stimulates potassium outflux, and this stimulation increases progressively with increasing extracellular sodium or potassium. Isoproterenol stimulated sodium outflux is not influenced by extracellular sodium or potassium. Isoproterenol-stimulated cellular cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is reduced slightly (25%) by removing extracellular sodium and potassium from the incubation solution, but this effect is not of sufficient magnitude to account for the effects of these cations on isoproterenol-stimulated cation transport. Ouabain does not alter the effect of extracellular sodium or potassium on isoproterenol-stimulated potassium influx; however, the glycoside potentiates (by 20 to 40%) the effects of these two cations on isoproterenol-stimulated sodium influx. Ouabain does not alter potassium outflux when the incubation solution contains both sodium and potassium; however, ouabain stimulates potassium outflux in an incubation solution free of sodium or potassium. PMID- 1112800 TI - Purification and characterization of homogeneous protein synthesis initiation factor M1 from rabbit reticulocytes. AB - An eight-step procedure has been devised for the preparation of homogeneous rabbit reticulocyte IF-M1. Molecular weight determinations based on IF-M1 activity (gel filtration and sucrose density gradient sedimentation) and based on IF-M1 protein (low speed equilibrium sedimentation and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis) indicate that IF-M1 is active as a single polypeptide chain of 65,000 molecular weight. The amino acid composition of IF-M1 has been determined. There appears to be no unique features in the amino acid composition of IF-M1, except perhaps an elevated proline content (6.9 mol %). The catalytic properties of purified IF-M1 were similar to those previously reported by this laboratory for crude preparations of IF-M1. The sensitivity of IF-M1 activity to N ethylmaleimide and heat (45 degrees) inactivation was tested in two model reactions requiring minimal complementary factors: (a) AUG-directed fMet-tRNAf binding to ribosomes; and (b) poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis at 4 mM Mg2+ (IF-M2A, IF-M2B, EF-1, and EF-2 also required). IF-M1 activity proved to be sensitive to both N-ethylmaleimide and temperature (45 degrees). In addition, a contaminant of partially purified IF-M1 preparations has been found which is capable of fMet-tRNAf binding but is inactive in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis at low Mg2+ concentration. PMID- 1112801 TI - Complex formation between mycobacterial polysaccharides or cyclodextrins and palmitoyl coenzyme A. AB - The mycobacterial polysaccharides MMP (3-O-methyl-mannose-containing polysaccharide), MGLP (lipolysaccharide containing 6-O-methylglucose and glucose), and the cyclodextrins (cyclohexaamylose and cycloheptaamylose) form stoichiometric complexes with palmitoyl-CoA (Machida, Y., Bergeron, R., Flick, P., and Bloch, K. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 6246-6247). Complex formation is presumed to result from hydrophobic interactions. In order to enhance the hydrophobic character of the cyclodextrins the following derivatives have been synthesized: heptakis (2,di-O-propyl)-, heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-, pentakis (6 O-methyl)-, heptakis (3-O-methyl)-, and permethylated beta-cyclo-dextrin. These compounds stimulate fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by the Mycobacterium smegmatis fatty acid synthetase, the magnitude of the effect decreasing in the order in which the alkylated cyclodextrins are listed above. MMP or MGLP are qualitatively indistinguishable from alkylated cyclodextrins both with respect to palmitoyl-CoA binding and with respect to effects on enzyme systems, suggesting that they form inclusion complexes of the same type. On the basis of model building it is postulated that MMP in solution assumes a helical conformation with a hydrophobic channel about 6 A in diameter and approximately 29 A long, dimensions appropriate for accommodating the paraffinic chain of palmitoyl-CoA in the form of an inclusion complex. Since palmitoyl-CoA binds to polysaccharide much more tightly than free palmitate it is further postulated that ionized groups of the CoA moiety of acyl CoA participate in the binding and do so by hydrogen bonding to the hydrophilic exterior of helical MMP. Palmitoyl-CoA, and to a lesser extent palmitate, affect the optical rotation of MMP and also of the alkylated cyclodextrins indicating that complex formation induces conformational changes in the polysaccharides. PMID- 1112802 TI - The role of serine-123 in the activity and specificity of ribonuclease. Reactivation of ribonuclease 1-118 by the synthetic COOH-terminal tetradecapeptide, ribonuclease 111-124, and its O-methylserine and alanine analogs. AB - The COOH-terminal tetradecapeptide of ribonuclease A, Glu-Gly-Asn-Pro-Tyr-Val-Pro Val-His-Phe-Asp-Ala-Ser-Val, and two analogs, [Ser(Me)-123]-RNase 111-124 and [Ala-123]-RNase 111-124, were synthesized by the solid phase method and were purified to chromatographic and electrophoretic homogeneity. Methods are described for the hydrolysis and quantitative amino acid analysis of peptides containing O-methylserine. The peptides were combined noncovalently with RNase 1 118 and examined for ability to regenerate enzymatic activity in the presence of the substrates C greater than p, U greater than p, poly(C) poly(U), and poly(AF). The dissociation constants of the peptide-protein complexes, and the Michaelis constants for C greater than p and U greater than p with the reconstituted enzymes were determined. The data were used to test hypotheses, drawn from x-ray crystallographic and other studies, for the role of serine-123 in the binding of substrates by ribonuclease. It was found that Ser-123- and Ala-123-containing peptides were equally active for the hydrolysis step when measured with C greater than p as substrate and for the transphosphorylation step as measured in the assays with poly(C). The serine and alanine analogs were also equally active for the transphosphorylation step when poly AF was the substrate. With U greater than p as substrate the alanine analog was 4 times less active than the serine derivative and with poly U it was 2 times less active. The semisynthetic enzyme composed of RNase 1-118 and [Ala-123]-RNase 111-124, therefore, shows appreciable selectivity for substrates containing cytosine. It was concluded that a hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl of serine-123 and the C4 amino group of cytidine or the C-7 amino group of formycin is not important for substrate binding and catalytic activity. In contrast, the hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl of serine 123 and the C-4 carbonyl oxygen of uridine contributes significantly to substrate binding and catalytic activity. The data with serine-O-methyl ether at position 123 in the tetradecapeptide were less clear because it was difficult to separate steric effects from the contributions of hydrogen bonding. Substrate binding to ribonuclease was rationalized in terms of a binding energy equivalent to a total of two hydrogen bonds per pyrimidine. PMID- 1112803 TI - Differences in spectra of alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin between isolated state and in tetramer. AB - The absorption spectrum of deoxygenated human hemoglobin differs from that of the isolated alpha and beta chains, and the difference has been ascribed to the conformational changes on which depends the cooperative ligand binding. Studies on hybrid-heme hemoglobins, in which one chain contains protoheme and the other chain mesoheme, showed that the prominent peak in the Soret region of the difference spectrum for deoxyhemoglobin is due to the spectral change in alpha chains and that beta chains show a small trough in the Soret region at the wavelength 10 nm longer than that for the absorption peak. Difference spectra of oxygenated hybrid-heme hemoglobin showed only small peaks which seem to be due to the spectral changes in beta chains. Difference spectra of alpha-NO-beta unliganded hemoglobin showed a large negative band in the Soret region at the wavelength of the absorption peak for alpha-NO chains, and beta-unliganded chains in this half-liganded hemoglobin showed a small trough corresponding to that of beta chains in fully unliganded hemoglobin. Alpha-Unliganded-beta-NO chains, however, showed only small peaks in the difference spectra. The peaks in difference spectra ascribed to each chain did not completely correlate with the kinetic results reported for hybrid-heme hemoglobin (Nakamura, T., Sugita, Y., Bannai, S. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 4119-4122) and for half-liganded hemoglobin (Antonini, E., Brunori, H., Wyman, J., and Noble, R.W. (1966) J. Biol. Chem. 241, 3236-3238). Spectral change when alpha and beta chains were mixed was a second order reaction for deoxygenated hemoglobin and was a first order reaction for oxygenated and alpha-NO-beta-unliganded hemoglobin, suggesting the different rate limiting steps. PMID- 1112804 TI - Properties and mechanism of human erythrocyte phosphoglycerate kinase. PMID- 1112805 TI - Control of fructose and citrate synthesis in guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium. AB - Glucose utilization, biosynthesis of fructose and citrate, and certain aspects of energy metabolism were studied in a homogeneous preparation of mating guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium. Under aerobic conditions, ATP:ADP ratios between 6 and 7 were maintained attesting to the viability and metabolic integrity of the preparation. There were multiple differences between seminal vesicle epithelium and smooth muscle on comparison of concentrations of 19 different metabolites including the adenine nucleotides. In seminal vesicle, glycolysis was rapid under anaerobic conditions (approximately 25 mumol times g-1 times hour-1 during the first 3 min) and also occurred under aerobic conditions (approimately 5 mumol times g-1 times hour-1). Anaerobically, the concentration of fructose diphosphate increased 2-fold and that of fructose 6-phosphate decreased to one-third of control values, consistent with regulation at the level of phosphofructokinase. ATP and total adenine nucleotides decreased rapidly and, by 3 min, had attained steady state values of about one-third and one-half of control values, respectively. Under aerobic conditions, the rate of fructogenesis increased with increasing concentrations of added glucose, reaching maximum (3 mumol times g-1 times hour-1) at 8 to 10 mM glucose and half-maximum at 2 mM glucose. Simultaneously, sorbitol synthesis occurred at rates that were similarly influenced by the concentrations of added glucose. The highest rate of fructogenesis (6.5 mumol times g-1 times hour-1) occurred during aerobic incubation immediately after a period of anaerobic incubation: exogenous substrate was not required. This could be prevented by addition of D glyceraldehyde which was converted to glycerol stoichiometrically because of its preferential (versus glucose) reduction by aldose reductase. Our data are consistent with the sorbitol pathway of Hers as the major route of fructose biosynthesis. The rate of citrate syntehsis increased with increasing concentrations of added pyruvate. The maximum rate (3.4 mumol times g-1 times hour-1) was achieved with 2 mM pyruvate. Added glucose failed to support citrate synthesis to the same extent as did added pyruvate. The highest rate of citrate synthesis (8.0 mumol times g-1 times hour-1) occurred simultaneously with the highest rate of fructogenesis (after the anaerobic-aerobic transition). Exogenous substrate was not required. PMID- 1112806 TI - Interrelation between glycosidic torsion, sugar pucker, and backbone conformation in 5'-beta-nucleotides. A 1H and 31P fast Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the conformation of 8-aza-5'-beta-adenosine monophosphate and 8-aza-5'-beta-guanosine monophosphate. AB - Hydrogen-1 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 5'-AMP, 5' GMP, 8-aza-5'-GMP, adenosine, 8-aza-adenosine, and guanosine were obtained at biological pH values at a concentration sufficiently low to obtain information regarding their intramolecular solution conformation. The spectra were analyzed by computer simulation. It is shown that all of the above nucleosides and nucleotides have a flexible molecular framework in aqueous solution, 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP showing preference for anti(2-E in equilibrium 3-E)gg-g'g' conformations and the 8-aza analogs showing preference for (syn in equilibrium anti)-(2E in equilibrium 3-E) - g/t-g'g' conformations. In addition, aza substitution causes increase in 3-E sugar populations and in the populations of g'/t' conformers. It is argued that in the 8-aza analogs repulsive electrostatic interactions would prevail between --N (see article) at the 8 position and the negatively charged phosphate group, if the molecule existed in the anti-gg orientation. Such electrostatic repulsions can be relieved by rotating the C(4')--C(5') bond from gg to g/t orientations as well as by torsional variation about the glycosidic linkage from anti to syn conformation. Rotation from anti to syn orientation, for steric and electrostatic reasons, necessitates a simultaneous rotation about the C(4')--C(5') bond from gg to g/t conformation. The observation that the 8-aza substitution in 5'-beta-purine nucleotides cause a depopulation of gg and anti conformers with corresponding increase in the population of g/t and syn orientation seems to support the above thesis. The finding that rotational variation about a bond such as C(4')--C(5') is accompanied by torsional variation about C(5')--O(5') and the glycosidic bonds, as well as changes in the endocyclic torsion angles of the ribose moiety, gives important insight into the engineering of nucleic acid components: even though they in general prefer certain conformations, there is enough flexibility present in their molecular framework, that the entire system can undergo conformational adjustment in response to a perturbation. A conformational basis for the antileukemic effects of 8-aza purines is proposed. PMID- 1112807 TI - Evidence for heterogeneity of ribosomes within the HeLa cell. AB - The proteins of several subsets of ribosomal subunits isolated from HeLa cells were separated by high resolution electrophoresis in polyacrylamide slab gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Comparisons were made among native subunits, and subunits derived from single ribosomes, free polysomes, and membrane-bound polysomes. At least 10 heterogeneously distributed proteins were identified among the 40 S subunit proteins, compared wtih 17 to 20 proteins that occurred in all 40 S subunit classes. All 60 S subunits shared 34 separable proteins. One protein was missing only from membrane-bound 60 S subunits and another protein was present only in membrane-bound 60 S subunits. It is suggested that these two proteins regulate the binding of 60 S subunits to the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 1112808 TI - The characterization of mannan of Micrococcus lysodeikticus as an acidic lipopolysaccharide. AB - Ghosts of Micrococcus lysodeikticus contain a mannan that is not removed by intensive washing procedures. Purified mannan, isolated by extraction of whole cells with hot, aqueous phenol, binds to membranes in vitro. Mannan also binds to DEAE-cellulose and migrates toward the anode in neutral and sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis. In aqueous solution mannan has an apparent molecular weight of 10-6, but in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate its apparent molecular weight is 50,000 to 100,000; removal of the detergent results in reaggregation. Purified mannan contains mannose, succinate, fatty acid, and glycerol in a ratio of 50:4.9:2.1:1.0. Treatment of mannan with mild base produces a neutral, hydrophilic polysaccharide of relatively low molecular weight that has no affinity for membranes. At least 90% of the reducing termini are blocked in a base-stable linkage. Based on these results a tentative structure is proposed for the mannan. PMID- 1112809 TI - Heterogeneity of human hepatic H-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidose. A activity toward natural glycosphingolipid substrates. AB - A crude soluble preparation of human hepatic N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase was examined for its activities toward three natural glycosphingolipid substrates after fractionation by the isoelectric focusing procedure. Profiles of activities toward N-acetylgalactosaminyl-galactosyl-glucosylceramide (asialo GM2 ganglioside) and N-acetylgalactosaminyl-galactosyl-galactosyl-glucosylceramide (globoside) were always identical with that of nonspecific N-acetyl-beta-D hexosaminidase as determined with artificial substrates. The Component A of the enzyme had the activity peak at an isoelectric point of 5.0 to 5.1. In contrast, hydrolytic activities toward N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N acetylneuraminyl]galactosyl- glucosylceramide (GM2-ganglioside) were associated with only the most acidic subfraction of the hexosaminidase A component. The activity to hydrolyze GM2-ganglioside had its peak at an isoelectric point of 4.8 to 4.9. These findings might provide an explanation for the GM2-ganglioside accumulation in juvenile GM2-gangliosidosis (partial deficiency of hexosaminidase A) and in the so-called AB variant of GM2-gangliosidosis (apparently normal hexosaminidase A and B activity). PMID- 1112810 TI - Regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase by nonallosteric feedback inhibition by glutathione. AB - Gamma-Glutamyl-cysteine synthetase is inhibited by glutathione under conditions similar to those which prevail in vivo, thus strongly suggesting a physiologically significant feedback mechanism. Inhibition by glutathione, which is not allosteric, appears to involve the binding of glutathione to the glutamate site of the enzyme as well as to another enzyme site; the latter binding appears to require a sulfhydryl group since ophthalmic acid (gamma-glutamyl-alpha aminobutyryl-glycine) is only a weak inhibitor. The finding that glutathione regulates its own synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine appears to explain observations on patients with 5-oxoprolinuria, who were shown to have a block in the gamma-glutamyl cycle consisting of a marked deficiency of glutathione synthetase and consequently of glutathione. These patients produce greater than normal amounts of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine, which is converted by the action of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase to 5-oxoproline; production of the latter compound exceeds the capacity of 5-oxoprolinase to convert it to glutamate. The apparent Km value for L-cysteine for gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (0.35 mM) is not far from intracellular concentrations of L-cysteine suggesting that the availability of L-cysteine may also play a role in the regulation of glutathione synthesis. PMID- 1112811 TI - Incorporation of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid into hemoglobin in rabbit reticulocytes in vitro. AB - L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is the naturally occurring lower homologue of L proline. Reticulocytes from anemic rabbits incubated with DL-[14-C]azetidine-2 carboxylic acid synthesized radiolabeled hemoglobin, which when isolated from cell lysates co-chromatographed with unlabeled hemoglobin on Sephadex G-100 columns. Amino acid analysis of hemoglobin from reticulocytes incubated with DL [14-C]-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid suggested that the homologue was incorporated into hemoglobin intact and unaltered. Alternatively, another amino acid analogue, 1-aminocyclopentane-[1-14-C]carboxylic acid, which is purported to be a valine antagonist, was not incorporated into hemoglobin under these conditions. Incubation of reticulocytes with 1, 5, and 10 mM L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid reduced L-[U-14-C]proline (0.10 mM) incorporation into hemoglobin by 25, 58, and 72%, respectively. Conversely, 1.45 and 145 muM L-proline reduced radiolabeled azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (0.8 mM) in corporation into hemoglobin by 45 and 92%, respectively. Incorporation of L-[U-14-C]leucine and L-[U-14-C]lysine (0.1 mM each) into hemoglobin was unaffected at these concentrations of L-azetidine-2 carboxylic acid. These results suggest that L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is incorporated into hemoglobin without reducing the rate of globin synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes in vitro. The alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin into which [14-C]azetidine-2-carboxylic acid had been incorporated in rabbit reticulocytes in vitro were resolved electrophoretically on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. The ratio of total radioactivity in the alpha and beta chains separately extracted from gels was in good agreement with the known 7:4 ratio of prolyl residues in the respective chains. Autoradiograms of two dimensional tryptic peptide maps of rabbit globin into which either [14 C]azetidine-2-carboxylic acid or [14-C]proline had been incorporated showed nearly identical patterns of radioactivity. These results suggest that azetidine 2-carboxylic acid substitutes specifically for prolyl residues during in vitro hemoglobin synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 1112812 TI - Affinity partitioning. A method for purification of proteins using specific polymer-ligands in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. AB - We describe a method, called affinity partitioning, for the purification of proteins containing specific ligand binding receptor sites. This method adds specificity to the procedures for protein purification with aqueous polymer two phase systems by introduction of a polymer derivative, coupled to an appropriate ligand. The addition of a polymer-ligand that partitions predominantly into one phase shifts the protein that binds this substance to the same phase. By performing countercurrent distribution in the presence of a polymer-ligand, the protein that binds the polymer-ligand can be separated from a heterogenous mixture. One example of affinity paritioning used dextran as the polymer-ligand. Dextran was chosen since it is a constituent of the most commonly used system for partitioning proteins. In a dextran-poly(ethylene oxide) system, concanavalin A bound dextran and partitioned predominantly into the dextran-rich phase. The addition of the specific competitor, D-mannose, displaced the partition coefficient toward unity, while the application of L-fucose, a noncompetitor, had little effect. Application of affinity partitioning to the purification of another protein required the synthesis of a specific polymer-ligand. To study this we synthesized dinitrophenyl-poly-(ethylene oxide), which binds specifically to S-23 myeloma protein. Addition of dinitrophenyl-poly(ethylene oxide) to the dextran-poly(ethylene oxide) phase system shifted the S-23 myeloma protein into the poly(ethylene oxide)-rich phase. epsilon-N-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine, by competing with binding of dinitrophenyl-poly(ethylene oxide), antagonized the latter's effect on the partition coefficient of S-23 myeloma protein. By adding various amounts of dinitrophenyl-poly-(ethylene oxide), we correlated the partition coefficient with concentration of polymer-ligand. A model of the action of polymer-ligand derivatives on the partition coefficient, derived from thermodynamic considerations, was found to be consistent with the experimental data relating the concentration of polymer-ligand and partition coefficient. Affinity partitioning should prove to be a useful complement to affinity chromatography in the purification of mixtures of proteins. Since cells and subcellular particles may be purified with aqueous polymer two-phase systems, affinity partitioning might be applied to their fractionation by using polymer ligands specific for unique surface receptors. PMID- 1112813 TI - The covalent and three-dimensional structural of concanavalin A. I. Amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragments F1 and F2. AB - Concanavalin A is a lectin composed of identical subunits, each containg 237 amino acid residues. The complete amino acid sequence of the first 129 residues of the polypeptide chain has been determined by analysis of peptides obtained from digests of CNBr Fragments F1 (residues 1 to 42) and F2 (residues 40 to 129). Correlation of the chemical sequence with x-ray crystallographic results indicates that Fragment F1 contains all of the protein ligands for the binding of 2 metal ions, Mn2+ and Ca2+, and that Fragment F2 contains many of the residues involved in the interactions of the subunits to form dimers and tetramers. The site of cleavage of the polypeptide chain to yield the naturally occurring Fragments A1 and A2 has also been identified as the peptide bond between residues 118 and 119. PMID- 1112814 TI - The covalent and three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A. II. Amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragment F3. AB - The amino acid sequence of the COOH-terminal CNBr fragment, F3 (residues 130 to 237), of concanavalin A has been established, completing the determination of the covalent structure of this lectin. Analysis of the chemical sequence showed that the distribution of charged residues is generally more dense in the NH2-terminal half of the polypeptide chain than in the COOH-terminal portion and that in the latter region there is a linear stretch composed of many hydrophobic residues. Correlation with x-ray crystallographic results indicates that the hydrophobic region is located in the interior of the molecule, and that it forms a part of a deep cavity which is the binding site for the inhibitor, beta-(o-iodophenyl)-D glucopyranoside. In conjunction with the three-dimensional structure, the amino acid sequence reported here provides new data for analysis of variables involved in predicting the three-dimensional folding of proteins from the primary structure. The sequence of concanavalin A is the first determined for a lectin and it serves as a reference structure for comparisons with other lectins. PMID- 1112815 TI - The covalent and three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A. III. Structure of the monomer and its interactions with metals and saccharides. AB - The three-dimensional structure of the lectin concanavalin A (Con A) has been determined at 2.0-A resolution by x-ray diffraction analysis. The protomers are ellipsoidal domes of dimensions 42 times 40 times 39 A. Folding of the polypeptide backbone is dominated by the presence of two antiparallel pleated sheets, a twisted sheet of seven strands passing through the center of the molecule and a bowed sheet of six strands which forms the back surface of the monomer. Manganese and calcium ions bind to the protein at adjoining sites to form a binuclear complex of two octahedra sharing a common edge. The ligands for each metal ion are four groups from the NH2-terminal region of the protein and 2 water molecules. The binding site for the inhibitor beta-(o-iodophenyl)-D glucopyranoside is in a deep cavity which contains distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic binding subsites. Studies of the binding of beta-(o-iodophenyl)-D glucopyranoside to Con A in the crystalline state and in solution have indicated that the binding behavior of the protein is somewhat different in the two states. PMID- 1112816 TI - The covalent and three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A. IV. Atomic coordinates, hydrogen bonding, and quaternary structure. AB - The coordinates of the individual non-hydrogen atoms of the lectin concanavalin A have been determined from the molecular model at 2.0-A resolution and have been adjusted to make them consistent with the known stereochemistry of the constituent amino acid residues. From the coordinates, an analysis has been made of all intra- and intersubunit interactions in the molecule, yielding a description of the hydrogen-bonded structure of the monomer, including two extensive pleated sheet structures and other features of the folding of the polypeptide chain. The description of the noncovalent bonding is extended to include the interactions involved in stabilization of the dimeric and tetrameric structures of the molecule. The complete description of the molecular structure provides a basis for analysis of the biological activities of concanavalin A. PMID- 1112817 TI - Study of the loosely bound non-histone chromatin proteins. Stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid-templated ribonucleic acid synthesis by a specific deoxyribonucleic acid-binding phosphoprotein fraction. AB - The loosely bound chromatin proteins of Ehrlich ascites hyperdiploid cells have been prepared by extraction of chromatin with 0.35 M NaCl. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the 0.35 M NaCl-soluble chromatin proteins reveals high heterogeneity with a molecular weight range of 10,000 to 170,000. The 0.35 M NaCl soluble chromatin proteins contain many components similar to the more tightly bound non-histone chromatin proteins complex with the loosely bound chromatin proteins by gradient dialysis, the inhibitory effect of histones on transcription of DNA in vitro was reduced. The reconstituted complex manifested a level of template activity similar to that of native chromatin as measured in an Ehrlich ascites tumor RNA polymerase reaction. The loosely bound chromatin proteins contain RNA as well as phosphoproteins. Phenol extraction or DNA affinity chromatography of these proteins yielded fractions enhanced 25- to 30-fold in phosphorus which were capable of stimulating DNA-templated RNA synthesis in vitro. The stimulation of transcription from DNA was template-specific, effective only with a DNA template prepared from Ehrlich ascites tumor, but not from rat liver, calf thymus, or chicken erythrocytes. In addition, the stimulatory effect of the specific DNA-binding proteins appears to be RNA polymerase-specific, the stimulation being manifested with Ehrlich ascites tumor nucleoplasmic RNA polymerase and not with Micrococcus luteus RNA polymerase. Thus, the loosely bound chromosomal proteins from Ehrlich ascites tumor contain a fraction that specifically binds to Ehrlich ascites tumor DNA and exhibits a template- and RNA polymerase-specific stimulatory effect on transcription from DNA. PMID- 1112818 TI - The structure of dihydrofolate reductase. I. Inactivation of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase concomitant with modification of a methionine residue at the active site. AB - Carboxymethylation by iodoacetate of dihydrofolate reductase from the amethopterin-resistant mutant Streptococcus faecium var. Durans strain A leads to a loss of enzymic activity. Amino acid analysis showed that methionine is the only amino acid residue significantly affected by iodoacetate under the experimental conditions, and this was confirmed by the use of [1-14-C]iodoacetate and ion exchange chromatography of the products obtained by acid hydrolysis of the modified enzyme. During loss of 90% of the activity a total of about 2 of the 7 methionine residues present in the enzymes are carboxymethylated. Over this range of activity loss the decrease is proportional to the number of methionine residues modified. Fluorescence-quenching experiments demonstrated that dissociation constants for complexes of inhibitors with the carboxymethylated enzyme were 20 to 30 times greater than dissociation constants for corresponding complexes with native enzyme. Similarly, equilibrium dialysis studies showed that dihydrofolate binding to the modified enzyme was decreased 10-fold compared with binding to the native enzyme. These data suggest that iodoacetate modifies one or more methionine residues at the binding site for dihydrofolate and inhibitors. In accordance with this view it was shown that enzyme can be protected from inactivation by the folate analogue aminopterin and to a lesser extent by folate and dehydrofolate. Enzyme carboxymethylated in the presence of aminopterin, and subsequently freed of the latter, was found to bind inhibitors and dihydrofolate as tightly as the native enzyme. It is concluded that the loss of enzyme activity is caused by carboxymethylation of at least 1 methionine residue which is at or near the binding site of dihydrofolate. PMID- 1112819 TI - The site of sialic acid incorporation into thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland. AB - Iodine incorporation into thyroglobulin is known to occur within the lumen of the thyroid follicle. Since incorporation of sialic acid, which occupies a terminal position in the oligosaccharide chains, is also a later event in thyroglobulin synthesis, the possibility that sialic acid might be incorporated after thyroglobulin secretion was investigated. In one experimental approach normal rat thyroid hemilobes were incubated with radioactive precursors. Thyroglobulin, analyzed by equilibrium centrifugation in RbCl, had a median density which varied according to the moiety labeled in the following increasing order: leucine smaller than galactose smaller than sialic acid smaller than iodine. The molecules having the highest density were labeled only with iodine. In the second approach, thyroid hemilobes were taken from rats treated with cycloheximide for 16 hours to stop protein synthesis and allow nascent molecules to be secreted, and incorporation of precursors into thyroglobulin was analyzed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Leucine incorporation was 6% of control but the amino acid was found in the NH2-terminal position. N-Acetylmannosamine (sialic acid precursor) and galactose incorporation were also completely inhibited whereas iodine incorporation was 10% of control. Incorporation was not restored by thyrotropin treatment, and the sialyltransferase and iodination systems were reduced only to 50 to 70% of control. The results indicate that sialic acid is incorporated only in nascent thyroglobulin and not in thyroglobulin molecules already secreted into the follicular lumen. A large fraction of the iodine incorporation also seems to occur in newly synthesized thyroglobulin. PMID- 1112820 TI - Activation of human prothrombin by highly purified human factors V and X-a in presence of human antithrombin. AB - In this communication we describe the first method for isolating human Factor V. The final product contains no other coagulation components as judged by functional assays and is physically homogeneous as shown by isofocusing gel electrophoresis. In addition, we present a means for obtaining intrinsically activated human Factor X-a. This preparation is usually homogeneous as judged by isofocusing gel electrophoresis. However, on occasion, an additional minor electrophoretic species with Factor X-a activity is observed. Furthermore, we describe the use of isoelectric focusing in sucrose density gradients to free human prothrombin from contamination by coagulation factors and other components. These homogeneous human proteins are employed to examine the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the presence and absence of human antithrombin. The latter component is responsible for virtually all of the plasm's capacity to neutralize Factor X-a and thrombin. In the absence of antithrombin, prothrombin (67,800) is converted to the precursor P-2 (51,600) and the fragment F-a (19,500). Subsquently, P-2 is cleaved to form the precursor P-3 (37,000), and the fragment F-b (11,500). Finally, P3 IS proteolyzed to form the heavy chain T-h (29,500) and the light chain T-L (6,500) of active thrombin. In the presence of antithrombin, an additional prothrombin conversion pathway is observed in which the zymogen is directly cleaved to form P-3 and F-A + B (30,000) prior to thrombin generation. Trace amounts of free thrombin remain uninhibited by antithrombin and could bias the zymogen activation pathway. Hirudin is known to neutralized thrombin instantaneoulsly. We demonstrate that the purified leech protein also binds to P-3 and prevents thrombin formation. When hirudin is added to activation mixtures at concentrations sufficient to virtually suppress P-3 conversion to thrombin, molecular species from both activation pathways are observed. Thus two human prothrombin conversion sequences appear to be initiated by Factor X-3 and may be of physiological significance. PMID- 1112821 TI - Concanavalin A: a stopped flow nuclear magnetic resonance study of conformational changes induced by Mn++, Ca++, and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. AB - The conformational changes induced in concanavalin A by the binding of Mn++, Ca++, and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside have been studied at pH 5.28 by stopped flow nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Three distinct conformation states of the protein have been kinetically observed and an ordered binding mechanism elucidated from a detailed analysis of the reaction records. In addition, the individual steps of this mechanism are interpreted in terms of molecular parameters characterizing the conformational states involved such as ligand exchange rates to the paramagnetic Mn++. PMID- 1112822 TI - Lectins from Wistaria floribunda seeds and their effect on membrane fluidity of human peripheral lymphocytes. AB - Two lectins were isolated from Wistaria floribunda seeds. One is a strong mitogen against human peripheal lymphocytes and has been purified in the previous paper (Toyo-Shima S., Y., Nakano K., Tonomura, A., and Osawa T. (1971) Biochemistry 10, 4457). The other, which is a strong hemagglutinin being devoid of mitogenic activity against normal lymphocytes, has been purified in this paper by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose 6B column followed by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. Both lectins were found to be glycoproteins and their molecular weights were estimated to be 136,000 for the equilibrium. The hemagglutinin is composed of four apparently identical subunits of a molecular weight of 35,000 and the mitogen is adimer of 32,000 molecular weight subunit. Binding experiments with 125-I-labeled W. floribunda mitogen revealed that the maximal incorporation of [6-3H]thymidine or 32-PO4 occurred when only 5.2% of the avaliable receptor sites on normal lymphocytes were occupied by the mitogen. Furthermore, the mobility of W. floribunda lectins as well as other lectins bound to the cell receptor sites of normal lymphocytes was determined by fluorescence polarization of fluorescein-labeled lectins. The mitogen lectins tested, have high mobility and Lens culinaris hemagglutinin, have high mobility whereas the nonmitogenic lectins, W. floribunda hemagglutinin, Sophora japonica hemagglutinin, and eel serum anti-H hemagglutin show relatively low mobility. However, W. floribunda hemagglutinin bound to neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes showed relatively high mobility in accord with the fact that this hemagglutinin exerted weak but definite mitogenic activity against neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes. The change of membrane fluidity upon binding of the lectins to normal lymphocytes was also measured by fluorescence polarization of fluorescent hydrocarbon, 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene, embedded in the membrane. The mitogenic lectins, W. floribunda mitogen and L. culinaris hemagglutinin, increased the membrane fluidity upon binding to lymphocyte cell surface within 30 min, whereas the non-mitogenic lectins, W. floribunda hemagglutinin and S. japonica hemagglutinin, did not effect the membrane fluidity. We suggest that the increase of membrane fluidity is one of the common biochemical events in the earliest stage of lymphocytes transformation. PMID- 1112823 TI - Further studies on acetamidination as a technique for preparation of a biologically valid 3-H-labeled tracer for parathyroid hormone. AB - The technique of acetamidination of amino groups in parathyroid hormone (PTH) for the purpose of preparation of a tritiated, biologically valid tracer for this hormone, has been more extensively studied. It was found that eight of the ten amino groups in PTH are readily reactive but that two appear unreactive. The kinetics of labeling suggest that preparations of PTH which are labeled to this level of 80% of theoretical consist of a homogeneous population of molecules in which each PTH molecule contains eight tritiated acetamidino groups. There is no question of the presence of unlabeled hormone in such preparations. Eighty per cent labeled acetamidino-PTH is identical, qualitatively and quantitatively, in its biological activity with native PTH as shown by three accepted bioassays: serum calcium elevation, urine phosphate excretion, and activation of kidney cortex plasma membrane adenylate cyclase in vitro. The dose-response relationships are identical for labeled and native hormone in all three systems. Tritiated acetamidino-PTH tends to lose biological activity on storage but full activity can be regained by reduction of the hormone with excess cysteine. However, cysteine reduction conducted at 80 degrees for 2 hours causes some loss of tritium from the hormone. Therefore, dithiothreitol reduction at room temperature was utilized to maintain biological activity. Eighty per cent acetamidino-PTH can be further purified by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose using a continuous gradient of sodium acetate in 8 M urea. Such chromatography reveals the presence of isohormones in both cold and radioactive PTH. Co-chromatography of tritiated acetamidino-PTH with a cold isohormone of PTH shows that while the isohormones can be separated from one another, the acetamidino derivatives of each isohormone elute in a virtually identical position with their parent unlabeled PTH molecule. PMID- 1112824 TI - Effect of insulin on protein turnover in heart muscle. AB - The effect of insulin on turnover of protein was investigated in isolated perfused rat hearts. The hormone lowered intracellular levels of nine amino acids and reduced or abolished net release of 10 amino acids and ammonia. The extent of the insulin effect on protein degradation was investigated by estimating the rate of dilution of the specific radioactivity of the free phenylalanine pool. Insulin concentrations greater than 200 microunits per ml reduced protein degradation and net phenlylalanine release. Protein degradation was estimated more directly by inhibiting reincorporation of nonradioactive phenylalanine from protein with cycloheximide. Addition of the inhibitor increased the estimated rates about 50%, but the magnitude of the hormone effect was similar. The latency of lysosomal enzymes in control and insulin-treated hearts was assessed by measuring activities of beta-acetylglucosaminidase and cathepsin D in heart homogenates in the presence and absence of Triton X-100. Perfusion with insulin-free buffer increased the activities assayable without detergent, but did not change total activities of these enzymes. Insulin decreased activities assayable without detergent and increased activities sedimenting in the 10-5 times g pellet. These studies showed that insulin restricted the rate of protein degradation in the isolated perfused rat heart. Concomitantly, the latency of lysosomal enzymes was increased when the hormone was provided. PMID- 1112825 TI - Accepton concentration effect in the selectivity of acyl coenzyme A: U aclglycerylphosphorylcholine acyltransferase system in rat liver. AB - In the acylation of 1-acylglycerylphosphorylcholine (1-acyl-GPC) in rat liver, neither the specificity observed with Triton X-100 treated microsomes were consistent with the selectivity observed in vivo. This apparent discrepancy was solved as follows. 1. Crude microsomes or deoxycholate-treated microsomes had approximately the same levels of activities for oleoyl-, linoleoyl- and arachidonoyl-CoAs. Triton X-100 treated microsomes had much higher activity for arachidonate but very little activity for oleate, which was found to be the consequence of selective inactivation by Triton X-100 of oleoyl-CoA:1-acyl-GPC acyl transfer reaction. These observations favor a concept that different enzymes or different sites on a single enzyme exist in rat liver microsomes for the transfers of different acyl-CoAs. 2. Although the maximum velocities for oleoyl CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA were approximately the same, more arachidonate was incorporated than oleate at very low concentrations of the acceptor even when both acyl-CoAs were present at saturating concentrations. Thus, higher selectivity for arachidonate (and linoleate to a lesser extent) observed with rat liver in vivo could be correlated with relatively higher affinity in this reaction for 1-acyl-GPC observed in vitro, which exerts its effect at low concentrations of the acceptor. PMID- 1112826 TI - Purification and characterization of bacteriophage gh-I-induced deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase from Pseudomonas putida. AB - Infection of Pseudomonas putida by the bacteriophage gh-L-induced the synthesis of a novel DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This gh-L-induced RNA polymerase was purified to near homogeneity. It was shown to be distinct from the host RNA polymerase (alpha-2 beta beta sigma) physically and in respect to many of its catalytic properties. The gh-L-induced RNA polymerase was composed of a single polypeptide of approximately 98,000 molecular weight. The divalent metal ion requirement for in vitro RNA synthesis by the gh-L-polymerase could be satisified with Mg-2+, but not with Mn-2+. Rna synthesis by the gh-L polymerase was highly resistant to inhibition by rifampicin and streptolydigin but could be inhibited by relatively low concentrations of KCl or the rifamycin derivative AF/013. The structural analog of ATP, 3'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate, inhibited both the gh-L-induced and the host RNA polymerases by competing for a single binding site with ATP. The phage polymerase was extremely sensitive to this inhibitor, exhibiting an apparent K-i value (2 times 10-8 M) approximately 100 times lower than that for the host RNA polymerase. The gh-L polymerase had a highly specific template requirement for DNA from the homologous gh-L phage. It would not efficiently utilize denatured DNA templates and had only low levels of activity with pyrimidine-containing polydeoxyribonucleotide homopolymers. PMID- 1112827 TI - Primary structural analysis of sulfhydryl protease inhibitors from pineapple stem. AB - Pineapple stem acetone powder provides a rich source of the sulfhydryl protease bromelain and of a family of compositionally similar but chromatographically distinct polypeptide inihibtors of this enzyme. The isoinhibitors have molecular weights of 5600, and they contain five disulfide bonds and about 50 amino acids each (Perlstein, S. H., AND Kezdy, F.J. (1973) J. Supramol. Struct. 1, 249-254). Primary structural analysis of one of the seven inhibitor fractions (VII) revealed extensive microheterogeneity. Each of the inhibitor molecules in Fraction VII was shown to be composed of two peptide chains joined by disulfide bonds. These chains, designated A and B on the basis of size, comprise 41 and 10 11 residues, respectively, and the amino acid sequence of one of each are given below: (see article for formular). On the basis of ionization properties and yields of the A and B chains, it would appear that one of the major inhibitor species in Fraction VII is the covalently linked complex of the two chains shown, namely [A-1, B-2]. The second major inhibitor component of Fraction VII is identical in structure with [A-1, B-2i1 except that residues 1 and 8 in the A chain are pyroglutamate and threonine, respectively, and in the B chain glutamine 11 is replaced by arginine. The third inhibitor in Fraction VII is a minor constituent identical with the second, except that residue 1 in the A chain is glutamate rather than pyroglutamate. This microheterogeneity in the inhibitors of Fraction VII is further increased by the fact that B chains may lack threonine 1, in which case they are decapeptides beginning with alanine. On the basis of the striking homology of the cysteine residues with those of other protease inhibitors, it is proposed that the bromelain inhibitors are generated enzymatically from single chain precursors by excision of a "bridge" paptide which links the NH-2 termal A chain to the COOH-terminal B chain. PMID- 1112828 TI - Effects of alloxan diabetes, anti-insulin serum diabetes, and non-diabetic dehydration on brain carbohydrate and energy metabolism in young mice. AB - Alloxan-induced diabetes of 4 days duration produced metabolite changes in brain compatible with severe reduction in cerebral metabolism (phosphocreatine increased 70%), and reduced phosphofructokinase activity (fructose diphosphate levels fell 38%). There was a 56% reduction in brain lactate concentration, but pyruvate levels were unchanged. In 5 of 23 animals, brain glycogen levels increased; in the remainder blycogen levels decreased. Brain fructose concentration, 0.4 mmol/kg, was only 1/30 of the glucose concentration. The alloxan-treated animals were also severely dehydrated. Therefore, to determine the casual relation of insulin deficiency to these findings, the effects of chronic dehydration and acute insulin deficiency were investigated. Findings in the brains of severely dehydrated animals (water deprivation and mannitol injections for 4 days) were almost identical with those seen after alloxan treatment. The exceptions were that, in the dehydrated mice, reductions in lactate and pyruvate were proportional, and glycogen levels were consistently reduced. In acute diabetes (6 to 24 hours after repeated anti-insulin serum injections) P-creatine, fructose diphosphate, and lactate levels were normal. Pyruvate levels were normal at 6 hours, but increased 39% by 12 to 24 hours; glycogen was 36% higher at 6 hours and 63% at 12 to 24 hours. Insulin (and glucose) appeared to be specific in correcting the metabolic abnormalities found in the brains of animals with alloxan-induced diabetes. At 4 and one half hours after treatment with insulin and glucose, glucose 6-phosphate levels fell 25%, fructose diphosphate increased 28%, and lactate and the lactate to pyruvate ratio returned to normal; glycogen increased 50%. However, the treatment also had a dramatic clinical effect. Since animals gained 8 to 27% of body weight during therapy, at least some of the improvements in metabolite levels could be related to rehydration. PMID- 1112829 TI - Immunochemical isolation and characterization of ovalbumin messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - Hen oviduct ovalbumin messenger RNA has been purified to apparent homogeneity and its physical and molecular properties have been examined. Purification was achieved through the use of indirect immunoprecipitation to isolate ovalbumin synthesizing polysomes and the use of poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography to separate quantitatively ovalbumin messenger RNA from ribosomal RNA. Ovalbumin mRNA was purified 90 to 100-fold over oviduct polysomal RNA as judged by both the rate of hybridization to a complementary DNA and by translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate protein-synthesizing system. Isolated ovalbumin mRNA migrates as a single sharp symmetrical peak on sucrose gradient sedimentation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of ovalbumin mRNA determined by sedimentation in denaturing dimethylsulfoxide gradients is 700,000 (equivalent to 2,180 nucleotides). The complexity of purified ovalbumin mRNA determined from the relative rate of hybridization to a complementary DNA is 2,280 nucleotides. Since ovalbumin synthesis requires only 1,161 nucleotides, ovalbumin mRNA appears to contain approximately 1,150 untranslated nucleotides. The average length of the polyadenylate sequence in ovalbumin mRNA is only 44 nucleotides and it does not account for significant fraction of the untranslated nucleotides. PMID- 1112830 TI - Metabolism of mevalonate in rats and man not leading to sterols. AB - C-5 of mevalonate appears as C0-2 in the breath of rats and men almost immediately after administration either by injection or by mouth. Adult rats exhaled up to 6.5% of a dose of RS-[5-14C]mevalonate (13% of the utilizable R enantiomer) in the breath in 100 min. The 14-C02 was not derived either from the matabolism of cholesterol biosynthesized from [5-14C]mevalonate or from the metabolism of the unnatural S-enantiomer of mevalonate. The amount of 14-C02 expired in the breath was the same whether the [5-14C]mevalonate was given intravenously or in a drink of water to man. One normocholesterolemic man dissipated 12%, a mildly non-familial hypercholesterolemic man dissipated 10%, and a familial hypercholesterolemic man dissipated 7% of a dose of [5 14C]mevalonate in 24 hours (calculated as a per cent of the R-enantiomer). The observations support the hypothesis of the existence of a metabolic shunt of intermediates of sterol biosynthesis, derived from mevalonate, not leading to sterols. PMID- 1112831 TI - Laser Raman scattering of neurotoxins isolated from the venoms of sea snakes Lapemis hardwickii and Enhydrina schistosa. AB - The venoms of sea snakes (family: Hydrophiidae) contain potent neurotoxins which bind to the acetylcholine receptor in the neuromuscular junction. A major toxin was isolated from the venoms of the sea snakes Lapemis hardwickii and Enhydrina schistosa according to previously published methods. These pure toxins were studied by laser Raman spectroscopy to elucidate further the structure-function relationship to the neurotoxin. Spectra were obtained from the powder, aqueous solution, and deuterated derivatives of each toxin. The peptide backbone conformation of these neurotoxins was found to be of "anti-parallel beta configuration," as distinct amide I and III bands appeared at 1672 and 1240 cm-1, respectively. No indication of alpha helical structure in the neurotoxins was observed from amide I and III bands. This was further confirmed by the spectra of the neurotoxins after deuterium exchange. The peaks due to a single tyrosine residue appeared at 644, 834, and 846 cm-1. The intensity ratios of the toxin from L. hardwickii venom were 0.92, 1.0, and 0.84 at 644, 834, and 846 cm-1. It is concluded that the tyrosine residue is involved in some unusual intramolecular interactions and not readily accessible to water molecules. Similar results were obtained for the toxin of Enhydrina schistosa (common sea snake). The fact that only 50% of the tyrosine molecule is modified by nitration is in complete agreement with laser Raman result. The lack of a sharp Raman line at 1361 cm-1 suggested that the single tryptophan residue may be "exposed." The previous demonstration that the tryptophan residue can be modified readily with different reagents confirms these results. A relatively symmetrical disulfide peak at 512 cm-1 indicates that the geometry of the C-C-S-S-C-C linkage is nearly identical for all four disulfide bonds in the molecule. The absence of phenylalanine was established by the lack of a phenylalanine peak in the laser Raman spectra and by amino acid analysis. PMID- 1112832 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of salmonid fish. Evidence for unique and rapid functional divergence of duplicated H-4 lactate dehydrogenases. AB - Salmonid fish, as a result of total genome duplication, have two genes, Ldh H and Ldh H', coding for polypeptides H and H', respectively, both of which have been shown in their tetrameric forms to be immunologically related to the classical H 4 lactate dehydrogenase isozyme of higher vertebrates (Bailey, G. S., and Wilson, A. C. (1968) J. Biol. Chem. 243,5843). The H-4 and H'-4 isozymes have now been highly purified from quinnat salmon, and their chemical, physical, immunological, and catalytic properties examined, and compared to the M-4 isozyme of salmon. The two proteins H-4 and H'-4 are shown to be very similar in amino acid composition, but significant differences in a few residues suggest differences in amino acid sequences. This suggestion was born out by quantitative immunological experiments in which the H-4 and H'-4 isozymes were shown to be about as different from each other as are the H-4 lactate dehydrogenases of chicken and duck. This suggests that the gene duplication event in salmon which give rise to two Ldh H genes occurred approximately 80 to 100 million years ago. The H'-4 lactate dehydrogenase which has risen from this duplication in salmon is shown to be somewhat intermediate between H-4 and M-4 in thermal stability, and in all catalytic properties examined, including substrate optima, Michaelis constants, and susceptibility to inhibition by high levels of substrate. In particular the H'-4 isozyme is almost exactly intermediate between H-4 and M-4 in its resistance to product inhibition by lactate, the catalytic parameter suggested to be of major functional importance to M-4 lactate dehydrogenase isozymes (Stambaugh, R., and Post D. (1966) J. Biol. Chem. 241,1462). Further, tissue distribution of these isozymes in salmon and trout are shown to be unusual. The M-4 isozyme salmon and trout are shown to be unusual. The M-4 isozyme occurs in very few tissues in detectable levels. It is the H-4 and H'-4 rather than H-4 and M-4, which occur in independently variable but significant levels in most tissues examined. Thus the H'-4 isozyme, despite its very close structural similarity to H-4 appears to possess functional properties which are different from either H-4 or M-4 in salmon, and some properties are midway between the two. This finding, together with the unusual tissue distribution of these isozymes, suggests that salmon with H'-4 lactate dehydrogenase is evolving to function catalytically in the absence of a balanced H-4-M-4 isozyme complement in most tissues. This balance seems to be met in most tissues by combinations of H-4 and H'-4, PMID- 1112833 TI - Phage Q-beta ribonucleic acid replicase. Subunit relationships determined by intramolecular cross-linking. AB - Phage Qbeta replicase is composed of four subunits of molecular weights 70,000, 65,000, 45,000, and 35,000. Treatment of the enzyme with protein cross-linking reagents results in formation of three covalently bound complexes of molecular weights 215,000, 135,000, and 80,000. Analysis of the two larger complexes formed by cross-linking with a reversible cross-linker (methyl-4-mercaptobutyrimidate) demonstrates that the 215,000 molecular weight complex is composed of one each of the replicase subunits, while the 135,000 molecular weight complex is composed of the two larger subunits. The 80,000 molecular weight complex was shown to be made up of the two smaller subunits by cross-linking these two subunits in the absence of the larger pair. Increasing ionic strength stabilizes the large complex at the expense of the two smaller complexes. The presence of stoichiometric amounts of Qbeta RNA during cross-linking dramatically reduces formation of the large complex; other natural and synthetic RNAs reduce the formation of this complex to a lesser extent. PMID- 1112834 TI - The amino acid sequence of a testis-specific basic protein that is associated with spermatogenesis. AB - The amino acid sequence of the COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment (residues 12 to 54) of the testis-specific basic protein of the rat has been determined. This analysis completes the primary structure of the whole protein by over lapping the sequence of the 23 residues from the NH-2 terminus previously published (Kistler, W. S., Noyes, C., and Heinrikson, R.L. (1974) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 57, 341-347). The complete sequence of this small, highly basic protein is: (see article for formular). PMID- 1112835 TI - Studies on the mechanism of orthophosphate regulation of bovine brain hexokinase. AB - An attempt was made to gain insight into the mechanism of orthophosphate attenuation of glucose-6-P inhibition of bovine brain hexokinase I (ADP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) from experiments of ligand binding and initial rate kinetics. Studies of glucose-6-P and phosphate binding to hexokinase reveal one binding site per hexokinase molecule. A model is presented which is consistent with the binding and kinetic data currently available on the alleviation of glucose-6-P inhibition of brain hexokinase by phosphate. The model implies that hexokinase may exist in equilibrium either as a free or phosphate associated enzyme. The kinetic parameters of the two enzyme forms are similar except in their ability to bind glucose-6-P. It is suggested that the dissociation constant for glucose-6-P is relatively very high for hexokinase to which phosphate is bound. Phosphate appears to bind at an allosteric site on the enzyme, whereas glucose-6-P is associated either at the active site or at an allosteric site which overlaps the catalytic site. PMID- 1112836 TI - Characterization and tissue distribution of 6-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl myo inositol in the rat. AB - A disaccharide was isolated from rat mammary tissue and determined to be 6-O-beta galactopyranosyl myo-inositol (6-beta-galactinol) on the basis of combined gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the permethylated and peracetylated derivatives as well as previously reported chemical and enzymatic evidence. 6 beta-Galactinol, also found in rat milk, increased during lactation, and on the 18th day represented approximately 17% of the total non-lipid neutral myo inositol. The sugar was absent in all other rat tissues examined, suggesting a unique association with the process of lactation. This novel galactoside of one human subject on the basis of paper and gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 1112837 TI - Isolation and characterization of the nervous system-specific protein 14-3-2 from rat brain. Purification, subunit composition, and comparison to the beef brain protein. AB - A procedure is described for the isolation of the nervous system-specific protein designated 14-3-2 from rat brain. The methods utilized are salt precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, and column isoelectric focusing. The native 14-3-2 protein has an isoelectric point of 4.7 in the absence of denaturing agents and 5.0 in the presence of 2.0 M urea. The protein, as isolated, appears homogeneous since it migrates as a single band on Tris-glycine (pH 8.9), sodium dodecyl sulfate (pH 7.2), and 8 M urea (pH 4.0) polyacrylamide gels. Sedimentation velocity and equilibrium data indicate a homogeneous component of molecular weight 78,000. Sedimentation of 14-3-2 in 6 M guanidine HCl containing 0.02% glutathione yielded a molecular weight of 39,000, indicating the dimeric nature of the protein as isolated. The rat brain protein seems to be composed of one subunit type, since polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 8 M urea yields a single protein component. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of rat brain 14-3-2 produced one sharp band with a relative mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of 48,000. Specific anti-14 3-2 serum has been prepared from both New Zealand white rabbits and goats. Rat 14 3-2 is very similar in amino acid composition to the beef brain protein and to antigen alpha. The antigenic properties of rat and beef 14-3-2 are also similar, since beef 14-3-2 antiserum reacts well with rat 14-3-2 and vice versa. Electrophoretic mobilities of denatured rat and beef 14-3-2 (0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 8 M urea) are identical. Despite these similarities the two proteins are completely resolved on Tris-glycine gels. The sedimentation behavior of the beef and rat proteins are also different, indicating a difference in the association state and conformation of the two preparations. PMID- 1112838 TI - The synthesis of neurotensin. AB - A tridecapeptide having the amino acid sequence, less than Glu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Iie-Leu-OH, (The nomenclature and symbols follow the suggestions of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 977).) has been synthesized by the Merrifield solid-phase procedure. The synthetic scheme chosen involved synthesis of the peptide in the (Gln) form and cyclization to the less than Glu) form. After purification, the (Gln) peptide was obtained in a 7% yield and the (greater than Glu) peptide was obtained in a 35% yield. The (greater than Glu) was found to be chemically and biologically indistinguishable from the tridecapeptide, neurotensin, recently isolated from bovine hypothalami. PMID- 1112839 TI - Serine transhydroxymethylase. Relaxation and transient kinetic study of the formation and interconversion of the enzyme-glycine complexes. AB - Serine transhydroxymethylase forms three enzyme-glycine complexes which absorb at 3.43, 425, and 495 nm. Temperature-jump studies show three relaxations. Two of the relaxations are observed at both 343 and 425 nm but not at 495 nm. A slower third relaxation is observed only at 495 nm. The absorbance changes for the two relaxations observable at 343 and 425 nm are in opposite directions suggesting that these relaxations are both attributable to the inter conversion of enzyme speiies absorbing at these two wavelengths. The following mechanism is proposed to explain the relaxation effects. See journal for formula. The forward and reverse rate constants for the first step are 7 X 10-4 M-MINUS1 sminus-1 and 1200 Sminus-1, respectively. The forward and reverse rate constants for the second step are 3200 and 1300 sminus-1, respective.y Stopped flow studies on the rate of formation and breakdown of the complexes absorbing at 343 nm (EX) and 425 nm (EY) are in agreement with the proposed mechanism. Stopped flow studies gave a Kobs of 0.1 Sminus-1 for the formation of the 495-nm absorbing complex. This is compared to the reciprocal relaxation time of 200 Sminus-1 observed in the temperature jump studies. The addition of tetrahydrofolate to this system increased the Kobs to 275 Sminus-1 in the stopped flow studies and the reciprocal relaxation time to 800 Sminus-1 in the temperature-jump studies. The data do not permit a simple interpretation of the relationship of the 495-nm absorbing complex to those adsorbing at 343 and 425 nm. However, the data do support the interpretation that the ability of tetrahydrofolate to increase by 3 orders of magnitude the enzyme catalyzed rate of exchange of the alpha-hydrogen of glycine with protons of the solvent is attributable to an increased rate of formation of the 495-nm complex. PMID- 1112840 TI - Adamantinoma of long bones. A clinicopathological study of fourteen cases with vascular origin suggested. AB - Adamantinoma of long bones is a rare primary bone tumor. Approximately 100 cases have been reported in the literature. In the fourteen cases we studied in detail the ages of the patients ranged from thirteen to sixty-seven years and there were as many males as females. Twelve of the lesions were located in the tibia and two, in the humerus. The roentgenographic findings were sharply defined eccentric lobular lesions in the diaphysis. Some of the lesions were lytic and coarsely trabecular with a honeycomb appearance occasionally associated with periosteal new-bone formation. A sawtooth area of cortical-bone loss was found to be characteristic of this lesion. A microscopic finding is presented to support the theory of angioblastic origin of this tumor. The most successful treatment was amputation. Less often en bloc excision succeeded. Metastases to other bones, regional lymph nodes, and the lung were recorded. PMID- 1112841 TI - Osteoid-osteoma: diagnostic problems. AB - The clinical records and roentgenograms of fifty-four patients had the typical features of osteoid-osteoma, but no histological evidence of a nidus was found at initial surgery. The symptoms of thirty-one patients were relieved by initial operation and those of twenty-three were not. In two cases, Brodie's abscess was identified in the surgical specimen. A second operation in eighteen patients brought relief in thirteen, and a nidus was found histologically in seven of these patients. A parosteal osteogenic sarcoma was found in one of the patients who had no relief of symptoms. Three patients underwent a third operation and were relieved of symptoms, a nidus being found in two. Thus, symptoms were relieved in thirty-six of forty-two patients in whom no nidus or other pathological entity was found, indicating the significance of this symptomatic sclerotic osseous lesion. PMID- 1112842 TI - Osteoid-osteoma as a cause of scoliosis. AB - In nine cases of osteoid-osteoma causing scoliosis, all lesions were in the spine and several led to significant structural spine changes. One patient had two distinct spine lesions two years apart. Almost all cases were misdiagnosed and improperly treated at first. Prompt recognition should lead to early surgical excision without spine fusion. PMID- 1112843 TI - Giant-cell tumor of bone. A demographic, clinical, and histopathological study of all cases recorded in the Swedish Cancer Registry for the years 1958 through 1968. AB - All seventy-five cases recorded as giant-cell tumor of bone in the Swedish Cancer Registry for the years 1958 through 1968 were analyzed. At reexamination, fifty three cases constituted genuine giant-cell tumor of bone and twenty cases were so called "giant-cell variants". The genuine giant-cell tumors showed a significantly higher incidence in the urban than in the rural population. The recurrence rate was 42 per cent. Patients under the age of twenty-five rarely had recurrences. A high recurrence rate was found among patients with tumors located in the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia. Tumors penetrating through the bone cortex were more aggressive than those located entirely within bone, regardless of tumor size and presence or absence of spontaneous fracture. A malignant course was found in 11.3 per cent of cases, predominantly in patients with tumors in the femur. Histopathological grading was of no prognostic value. Primary en bloc resection with or without prosthetic replacement is recommended in patients over the age of twenty-five. PMID- 1112844 TI - The use of spinal anesthesia for total hip-replacement arthroplasty. AB - Two hundred and thirty-four total hip replacements in 199 patients performed by one surgeon were reviewed to compare the effects of spinal and general anesthesia. The amount of total blood loss was reduced an average of 600 milliliters in patients under spinal anesthesia. The amounts of operative blood loss, postoperative suction drainage, and blood replacement were also reduced very significantly (p smaller than 0.001). The patients in the two anesthesia groups were similar as to sex, age, body weight, pre-existing medical disease, preoperative medications administered, hip disease, type of prosthesis used, position during surgery, and anticoagulation regimen. The postoperative complications were fewer in the spinal anesthesia group. It is concluded from this study that spinal anesthesia is to be preferred over general anesthesia in patients undergoing total hip replacement. PMID- 1112845 TI - Acquired hallux varus: a preventable and correctable disorder. AB - Acquired hallux varus deformity of either the static or the dynamic type results from surgery to correct hallux valgus deformity and the accompanying bunion. The dynamic type is disfiguring, uncomfortable, and disappointing to the patient and surgeon alike. Linear as well as rotational forces are at work to produce the deformity. When recognized early, before fixation of the first digit has occurred in the deviated and clawed position, resection of the base of the proximal phalanx will correct the deformity. More radical treatment is required in the patient who is treated late. The experience with seven feet of five patients with acquired hallux varus deformity is presented here. PMID- 1112846 TI - Surgical treatment for absent single-hand grip and elbow extension in quadriplegia. Principles and preliminary experience. AB - A classification of quadriplegic patients based on available sensory receptors (ocular only or both ocular and hand sensibility) and motor function in each upper extremity greatly facilitates the planning and evaluation of surgical treatment. In forty hands of thirty-three patients with post-traumatic quadriplegia and cord lesions higher than those usually thought to be benefited by reconstructive surgery, three or more procedures were performed at one or more sittings to create an active wrist extensor and a thumb flexor grip, a function easier to provide and much more useful to these patients than tripod pinch. In these forty hands no function was lost and in all but two function was improved significantly if not greatly. A useful level of active elbow extension was restored in fifteen of sixteen extremities in quadriplegics by transfer of the posterior half of the deltoid to the triceps aponeurosis, lengthening the deltoid with free grafts from the toe extensors. Each upper extremity of quadriplegic patients of the type under consideration is a highly individualized problem. Successful treatment requires strict attention to every detail of preoperative evaluation, surgical treatment, and postoperative care. PMID- 1112848 TI - Blood flow and mineral deposition in canine tibial fractures. AB - Measurement of 125I-labeled 4-iodoantipyrine (I-Ap) washout is a useful method to study changes in bone blood flow because it can demonstrate fine changes in flow, the tracer is not involved in tissue metabolism, and several measurements can be made in the same subject. In the tibiae of twenty-one adult dogs there was a significant (p smaller than 0.001) correlation between I-Ap washout and the deposition of 85Sr, suggesting that the uptake of 85Sr is related to blood flow. After fracture, blood flow at the fracture site reached a maximum on the tenth day and then progressively decreased, but was not back to control values at 112 days. In the proximal part of the diaphysis, away from the fracture site, flow reached a maximum at five to twenty-one days and then progressively decreased to normal. PMID- 1112847 TI - Evolution of treatment of paralytic scoliosis at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital. AB - Between 1954 and 1970, 351 patients with severe paralytic scoliosis were treated at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital. During this time the treatment evolved through five stages: body cast alone, halo cast, halo cast with buttons and traction wires, Harrington instrumentation, and finally preoperative halo-femoral traction and Harrington instrumentation. Coincident with this evolution, correction improved from 20 to 57 per cent, the incidence of curve progression dropped from 38 to 0 per cent, and curve extension decreased from 25 to 0 per cent, while postoperative recumbency was reduced from one year to about three weeks. In addition, complications changed, in general decreasing except for the rate of pseudarthrosis, which remained essentially the same. Clinically significant hyperlordosis involving the thoracic and lumbar spine was seen in sixteen patients who had long fusions from the fourth cervical vertebra and above to the fourth lumbar vertebra or the sacrum. PMID- 1112849 TI - "Stiction-friction" of total hip prostheses and its relationship to loosening. AB - The static friction, or "stiction-friction", in McKee-Farrar and Charnley-Muller prostheses in a hip joint simulator was compared with dynamic friction determined while the prostheses were oscillated. Under physiological conditions stiction friction differed little from dynamic friction in both metal-on-metal and metal on-plastic prostheses, and was affected very little by the lubricant as long as some fluid was present. Stiction-friction increased significantly only after relatively long stationary periods and high loads. However, the frictional forces generated in total hip-replacement prostheses were at least forty times higher than those generated in normal joints and may well be enough to cause late loosening of acetabular components by fatigue failure. PMID- 1112850 TI - Failed femoral stems in total hip prostheses. A report of six cases. AB - Six femoral stems of total joint prostheses failed and were studied. These included two short-neck Muller, one standard Muller, one new design long-neck Muller, and two Charnley prostheses. In addition, reference is made to another failed Charnley prosthesis which had not required revision at the time of the study. Reoperation and replacement of the femoral component was required in all six cases. Metal fatigue appeared to be the cause of failure in all instances. Metallographic examination of the removed prosthesis revealed no underlying defects in one prosthesis. In the other five prostheses metallurgical defects were found. Varus placement of the femoral prosthesis or loosening of the cement prosthesis bond, or both, were identified in five of the six and were thought to have led to overload. A combination of metal defects and loosening or malpositioning was thought to be responsible for the failures. It was further indicated that current designs should be regarded as marginal in relation to long service life, until more fatigue information is available on the metallic materials currently in use. PMID- 1112851 TI - The development of the tibiofemoral angle in children. PMID- 1112852 TI - Autosomal dominant inheritance of tibial meromelia. Report of a kindred. AB - Three generations of a family demonstrated an autosomal dominant transmission of congenital absence of the tibia. Nine family members were affected, six in the first generation. Male-to-male, male-to-female, and female-to-female transmission occurred. This is the fourteenth case reported to document familial occurrence of tibial meromelia, and the first to document this mode of inheritance. PMID- 1112853 TI - Articular damage in familial Mediterranean fever. Report of four cases. AB - Four cases of familial Mediterranean fever have been reported in which the disease produced organic damage to a joint. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and family history and a typical course which included attacks of recurrent joint synovitis. The laboratory findings, while typical, were not specific. The main involvement was in the lower limbs. The findings at operation were of a non-specific synovitis with destruction of cartilage. It is emphasized that in the majority of cases of familial Mediterranean fever the joint involvement is transient and only uncommonly does damage to the joint become permanent. The fact that organic joint damage occurs is not widely recognized, which is the reason for our report of these four cases. PMID- 1112854 TI - Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip. Report of two cases. PMID- 1112855 TI - Fracture of femoral neck and shaft and repeat neck fracture in a child. Case report. PMID- 1112856 TI - Fracture of the hook of the hamate. A case report. PMID- 1112857 TI - Recurrent osteoid-osteoma. Report of a case. PMID- 1112858 TI - Sesamoid periostitis in the thumb in Reiter's syndrome. Case report. PMID- 1112859 TI - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease coexistent with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. A case report. PMID- 1112860 TI - Reversed dynamic slings for knee-flexion contractures in the hemophiliac. PMID- 1112861 TI - Cytoplasmic cleavage during zoosporogenesis in Thraustochytrium sp.: ultrastructure and the effects of colchicine and D2O. AB - Subplasmalemma microtubules were present in the cleavage furrows during zoosporogenesis in Thraustochytrium sp. The microtubules transversed the furrows but were not at right angles to nor circumferentially arranged in the plane of cleavage. Evidence of microtubule-plasmalemma bridges was found. Colchicine and deuterium oxide inhibited cleavage. The data suggested that microtubules had a motive rather than a structural function. PMID- 1112862 TI - Junctional structures in the midgut cells of lepidopteran caterpillars. AB - The junctional structures present between the midgut cells of 3 lepidopteran caterpillars have been examined using freeze-etching, conventional staining and lanthanum tracer techniques. The bonding junction present in this type of tissue is the so-called continuous junction. Septa have only occassionally been reported in conventionally strained cross-sections of these junctions. During the present study septa have been observed in such sections but were more readily located in tissue treated with lanthanum tracer. Tangential sections of lanthanum impregnated tissue show that these septa are parallel-sided, in contrast to the honeycomb appearance of the septa in septate junctions. The septa in freeze-etch replicas of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue often show continuous rods on one membrane face, suggesting that the continuous junction may be more akin to the tight junction than to the normal septate junction. However, freeze-etch replicas of unfixed tissue appear much more like replicas of normal septate junctions. The main differences between septate and continuous junctions appear to be that the inter-membrane septa of the continuous junction are parallel-sided in tangential section, as against the honeycomb appearance of the septate junction, and that the particles which delineate the septa in freeze-etched preparations appear to be both somewhat differentl bonded and closer together in the continuous junction. A diagram is presented showing the internal and inter-membrane structures of the 2 types of junction based on the present study, and suggesting a possible explanation of the fact that septa are more readily seen in cross sections of septate junctions than in continuous junctions. As septa are present in both types of junction, and because their freeze-etch appearances are not very different, it is suggested that the two types of septate junction be called 'smooth septate' and 'pleated septate' junctions, to indicate their characteristic appearances in tangential section. PMID- 1112863 TI - Changes in DNA synthesis during cell growth and chloroplast replication in greening spinach leaf disks. AB - Spinach leaf disks grown initially in the dark, show increased cell expansion and chloroplast replication when transferred to the light. These changes are accompanied by increases in the total amount of DNA and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine (3H-TdR). Autoradiography of EDTA-separated cells dried on to glass slides was used to follow changes in 3H-TdR incorporation in both chloroplasts and nuclei. Specificity of incorporation was confirmed by nuclease studies. DNA synthesis occurs in both the chloroplasts and nuclei, and is highest just prior to, and during the period of most rapid cell growth and chloroplast replication which occurs shortly after the transfer to the light. Light, however, appears to have a greater and more immediate effect on nuclear DNA synthesis. Though nuclear and chloroplast DNA syntheses follow similar patterns during disk growth, in a given cell, chloroplast DNA synthesis can be separate in time from nuclear DNA synthesis. The increased nuclear DNA synthesis is possibly required to support the increased population of chloroplasts, while chloroplast DNA synthesis is associated with chloroplast division. If the disks are not transferred to the light but kept in darkness, chloroplast 3H-TdR incorporation remains high, though chloroplast division is reduced. Epidermal cells in light-grown tissue also show 3H-TdR incorporation but low rates of chloroplast division. It would appear that chloroplast DNA synthesis in mesophyll cells from light-grown tissue shows a general relation to chloroplast division, but there does not appear to be an obligatory close coupling between the 2 processes. PMID- 1112864 TI - Ultrastructural localization of cationic proteins in cytoplasmic granules of chicken and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Cytoplasmic granules known to contain cationic arginine-rich proteins can be identified by the ammoniacal silver reaction (ASR) which provides a cytochemical marker detectable under the electron microscope. Only the large rod-shaped granules of the chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes (heterophils) and the large spherical azurophilic granules of the rabbit neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes show the ASR product as a discrete particulate electron-dense deposit. The other smaller granules are devoid of reaction product, as are membranes and mitochondria. The intracellular localization of the ASR product, as are membranes and mitochondria. The intracellular localization of the ASR product on the large granules coincides with the ASR product localization on the same isolated granule populations, when the ammoniacal silver reaction is applied to these granules after their separation by sucrose-density gradients. The cationic proteins may have intraleukocytic bacteriolytic properties, since ASR product, presumably indicating cationic protein from discharged granules, appears to surround ingested bacteria within cytoplasmic phagosomes. PMID- 1112865 TI - A pictorial representation of confounding in epidemiologic studies. PMID- 1112866 TI - Relationship of relative weight and body mass index to 14-year mortality in the Chicago Peoples Gas Company study. PMID- 1112867 TI - Problems in Crohn's disease: evaluation of the results of surgical treatments. PMID- 1112868 TI - Hypercalcemia in early traumatic quadriplegia. PMID- 1112869 TI - Effect of illness on serum growth hormone response to intravenous glucose. PMID- 1112870 TI - Diurnal variation of plasma aldosterone, cortisol and renin activity in supine man. PMID- 1112871 TI - The effect of 5,6-trans vitamin D3 on calcium absorption in chronic renal disease. PMID- 1112872 TI - The adrenocortical response to competitive athletics in veteran athletes. PMID- 1112873 TI - Placental barrier to human insulin-I125 in insulin-dependent diabetic mothers. PMID- 1112874 TI - Effect of glucocorticoids on function of the parathyroid glands in man. PMID- 1112875 TI - Plasma testosterone levels during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 1112876 TI - Apomorphine: effect on growth hormone. PMID- 1112877 TI - Cortisol in amniotic fluid during human gestation. PMID- 1112878 TI - Pharmacokinetics of propylthiouracil in man after a single oral dose. PMID- 1112880 TI - The high lying thyroid: a cause of pseudogoiter. PMID- 1112879 TI - Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations during iodide treatment of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 1112881 TI - Growth hormone-dependent effects of human serum on the in vitro growth characteristics of human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 1112882 TI - Studies in the biotransformation of cortisol to the cortoic acids in man. I. Metabolism of 21-dehydrocortisol. PMID- 1112883 TI - Plasma levels of unconjugated estrone, estradiol and estriol and of HCS throughout pregnancy in normal women. PMID- 1112884 TI - Social perception of the mentally retarded. PMID- 1112885 TI - Some behavioral and biosocial correlates of remediability among the chronically obese. PMID- 1112886 TI - College majors of students who consult a psychological services center. PMID- 1112887 TI - The use of subjective questioning in hypnotic psychotherapy. PMID- 1112888 TI - Pupillary response subsequent to statements at three levels of a communication scale. PMID- 1112889 TI - A case study of a 12-year-old schizophrenic mildly retarded boy. PMID- 1112890 TI - Adlerian psychotherapy with schizophrenics. PMID- 1112891 TI - Q analysis of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique. PMID- 1112892 TI - Need conflicts of suburban narcotic abusers who apply to a county methadone maintenance program. PMID- 1112893 TI - Unidimensionality of the Means-Ends Problem-Solving (MEPS) procedure. PMID- 1112894 TI - The assessment of problem drinking in males. PMID- 1112895 TI - Cross-validation of a picture-preference test to identify addicts. PMID- 1112896 TI - Attitude patterns of applied and academic clinical psychologists toward current training issues in clinical psychology. PMID- 1112897 TI - The performance of brain-damaged and schizophrenic patients on the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic test under standard and BIP conditions of administration. PMID- 1112898 TI - Constitutional factors, stature, and chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 1112899 TI - The Cattell 16 PF as a measure of inmate offense types. PMID- 1112900 TI - The relationship between recalled parental attitudes and internal-external control. PMID- 1112901 TI - The personal-sociopolitical locus of control distinction among psychiatric patients. PMID- 1112902 TI - Locus of control and perceived confidence in problem-solving abilities. PMID- 1112903 TI - Comparison of four factor analyses of the Fear Survey Schedule. PMID- 1112904 TI - Comparison of normal and emotionally disturbed children by the Plenk scoring system for the Bender Gestalt. PMID- 1112905 TI - The effects of positive and negative reinforcement in manual dexterity testing. PMID- 1112906 TI - Test-retest reliability of the Wide Range Acievement test. PMID- 1112907 TI - Convergent recall of parental behaviors in depressed students of different racial groups. PMID- 1112908 TI - Two aspects of scorer reliability in the Bender-Gestalt test. PMID- 1112909 TI - A sex difference and a caution in predicting WAIS IQ from Shipley-Hartford scores. PMID- 1112910 TI - Preliminary evaluation of PAMFA: Psychological Assist to Medical First Aid. PMID- 1112911 TI - An autoradiographic study of the time of origin and the pattern of granule cell migration in the dentate gyrus of the rat. AB - The dentate gyrus of the rat contains about 600,000 granule cells. These small neurons are generated over a prolonged period from the 14th day of gestation until some time after the second postnatal week. The majority of the cells pass through their last phase of DNA synthesis in the postnatal period, and during the peak period of cell generation, between the fifth and seventh days after birth, up to 50,000 granule cells are formed each day. Contrary to earlier reports, most of the cells pass through their last mitotic division either within the stratum granulosum itself, or within the hilar region of the developing gyrus. The precursor population of cells in the hilar region must therefore constitute a pool of true neuroblasts. The origin of this pool of cells has not been definitely established but it seems probable that its cells are derived from the neuroepithelium lining the lateral ventricle adjacent to the region from which the hippocampal pyramidal cells are generated. Examination of the final location of granule cells labeled at different stages reveals three distinct morphogenetic gradients in the gyrus. The cells in the dorsal blade tend to be formed earlier than those in the ventral blade; cells in the more caudal (or temporal) portions of the gyrus are generated earlier than those in more rostral (or septal) regions; and in all regions the more superficial neurons in the stratum granulosum are formed earlier than the deeper granule cells. The bearing of some of these findings on the development and organization of the connections of the dentate gyrus is discussed. PMID- 1112912 TI - Origin of specific synaptic types in the motoneuron neuropil of the monkey. AB - An attempt has been made to establish, so far as possible, the specific types of synaptic bulbs on motoneurons which arise from extrinsic (descending and dorsal root) and intrinsic sources (interneurons). This has involved the laborious analysis of thousands of electron micrographs of material from normal motoneuron neuropil, and motoneuron neuropil of animals with lesions of spinal tracts, spinal roots, and motor cortex. Our studies have established that the large synaptic bulbs on dendrites, which are the only type in the spinal cord to possess pre-synaptic synapses (serial synapses), are derived from monosynaptic dorsal root fibers (R bulbs). The presynaptic component of the serial synapse appeared to degenerate at levels below spinal cord transections (P bulbs). By means of transections of spinal cord we have found that descending fibers in the spinal cord terminate as one of at least two distinct classes of synaptic bulbs, one with spheroid synaptic vesicles (S) and one with flattened vesicles (F). There is evidence from several sources that the first type may often be excitatory in function and the second type inhibitory. Only synaptic bulbs with spheroid vesicles show definite signs of degeneration after lesions of the opposite motor cortex. The large (L) synaptic bulbs on motoneuron somata, associated with subsynaptic cisterns, are clearly not derived from the descending systems, or from posterior root fibers. PMID- 1112913 TI - Demonstration of terminalis, olfactory, trigeminal and perivascular nerves in the rat nasal septum. AB - The innervation of the nasal septum and around the olfactory bulb has been investigated in rats by means of whole-mount preparations and histological sections. Silver staining, OsO4 staining, PAS staining, cholinesterase reaction and fluorescence for catecholamine-containing nerves were used. The nervus terminalis forms on the medial side of the olfactory bulb a ganglionated plexus, from which branches are given off which course peripherally with the vomeronasal nerves. From a dorsal part of the terminalis nerve plexus an anterior branch is given off which runs along the anterior ethmoidal nerve to the nasal vestibule where it connects with a group of ganglia. The peripheral branches of the nerve run from here along two epithelial cristae formed histologically like dermal papillae. Ventrally in the respiratory region at the junction of the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx is a 1 times 2 mm area with olfactory epithelium, glands of Bowman and an independent innervation from the olfactory bulb. This is the so called septal olfactory organ. Trigeminal nerves form a plexus in the respiratory region and in the vestibule, but do not supply the olfactory region. Catecholamine-containing and cholinesterase-positive nerves run along the meningeal arteries on the cribriform plate and accompany their branches to the vascular plexus in the olfactory and respiratory regions. Double innervation is found not only of this vascular plexus but of the venous sinuses in the swell bodies of the vestibule. The glands of the nose are not surrounded by catecholamine-containing nerves. PMID- 1112914 TI - Monoamine distribution in primate brain. I Catecholamine-containing perikarya in the brain stem of Macaca speciosa. AB - The distribution of catecholamine-containing cell bodies was examined in the brain stem of Macaca speciosa using the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence technique. Extensive accumulations of such cells were seen in the ventral tegmental area, locus coeruleus, mesencephalic reticular formation and ventrolateral reticular formation of pons and medulla. This distribution was compared to that previously reported in rat, cat, squirrel monkey and human brain. Apparent species dissimilarities and similarities are reported. PMID- 1112915 TI - The ventral spinothalamic tract and other ascending systems of the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. AB - The ascending degeneration resulting from experimental lesions of the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord of Macaca mulatta has been studied using the Nauta technique and its variants. The ventral spinothalamic tract is shown to be an independent entity with respect to the lateral spinothalamic tract; its fibers are widely distributed in the ventral funiculus and it establishes connections with the brain stem and thalamus which are analogous but not identical to those of the latter. Its role in the relay of nociceptive input is discussed in view of the similarity in hodology of the two systems and it is proposed that it may be responsible for the failure of anterolateral cordotomy to control pain on a long term basis. Other ascending systems in the ventral funiculus include the spino olivary and spino-reticular tracts, as well as minor connections to the N. of Edinger-Westphal, the red nucleus and the superior colliculus. The projections from the ventral quadrant of the spinal cord to the brain stem are almost entirely ipsilateral until the rostral mesencephalon is reached, at which level the N. of Darkschewitz receives both ipsilateral and crossed input; the magnocellular nucleus of the medial geniculate body receives a small contribution which is mainly ipsilateral. In the thalamus the VPL receives predominantly ipsilateral projections while the input to the paralaminar nuclei is only slightly less pronounced contralaterally than ipsilaterally. PMID- 1112916 TI - The cochlear nuclei of lizards. AB - The cochlear nuclei of 14 lizard species (eight families) were studied in normal animals and in a small series of animals with lesions of the posterior division of the eight nerve. The development of the cochlear nuclei is division of the eighth nerve. The development of the cochlear nuclei is directly related to the length and complexity of the papilla basilaris. The best development of basilar papillae and cochlear nuclei is found in teiid and gekkonid lezards, and an intermediate grade of development in scincid, lacertid, and anguid lizards. A lesser degree of development occurs in the iguanids, and practically no cochlear nuclei differentiation is observed in Chameleo. Two well defined cochlear nuclei are found in most lizard families: nucleus angularis (NA) AND nucleus magnocellularis medialis (NMM). NA is located in the cephalic third of the acoustic tubercle and contains variably sized darkly staining cells. NMM is the most caudally located nuclear group and is characterized by regularly round to ovoid cells. The development of NMM is more closely related to papilla basilaaris length and complexity than is NA. Two less well defined cochlear nuclei are also thought to be present. In the region beteen NA and NMM is a sparsely cell populated area, nucleus magno-cellularis lateralis (NML), which consits of a variety of small, darkly staining cells and large, pale staining cells which are usually laterally located in the nucleus. Like NMM, Nml is better developed in lizards ith more complex papillae basilares. Nucleus laminaris may be represented by a few fusiform cells in the ventral portion of the NML region. PMID- 1112917 TI - Deafferentation slows the growth of specific dendrites of identified giant interneurons. AB - The effect deafferentation has on the morphology of giant interneurons was studied in the abdominal nervous system of crickets (Acheta domesticus). The morphology of four uniquely identified giant interneurons was exxamined by iontophoresing cobalt chloride into the neurons of interest. A major source of afferents for these interneurons consists of mechanoreceptors located on paired abdominal sensory appendages -- the cerci. Partial deafferentation of the giant interneurons was obtained by pinching off the cercus at hatching and maintaing the specimen in this deprived condition until adulthood. The interneurons of three groups of animals were examined; control specimens which were not treated surgically, unilaterally treated specimens which had a single cercus removed and bilaterally treated specimens which had both cerci removed. Two types of morphological changes were detected. (1) Chronic removal of a cercus was correlated with a reduction in length of dendrites ipsilateral to the ablated cercus; however, the general form of the dendritic branching pattern remained constant and recognizable. Two dendrites of a single neuron could be influenced independently if they were innervated by separate cerci. Thus deprivation did not have a generalized effect on growth of a neuron, rather it specifically influenced the dendrites deprived of afferents. (2) It was also observed that the projection of cercal sensory fibers in specimens reared with a single cercus differed from normal in that scattered fibers cross the midline in regions of the ganglion where none usually exist. It is suggested that modifications in the response properties of these deprived neurons are based on these two changes in morphology. PMID- 1112918 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies of interkinetic nuclear migration in the cerebral vesicles of the rat. AB - A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the morphology and surface texture of neuroepithelial cells during interkinetic nuclear migration in the cerebral vesicles of the rat at 12, 13 and 14 days of gestation. Serial sections of embryonic material of the same age were also prepared for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Particular attention was paid to the SEM and TEM appearance of mitotic neuroepithelial cells which occur exclusively along the ventricular border of the neural epithelium. Three distinctly-shaped classes of mitotic cells were recognised in scanning micrographs. (1) Pyriform cells. This type of mitotic cell was characterised by the presence of very long, fine processes radiating from the tip and shoulders of a short external (basal) process. These fine processes were termed "intramitotic filopodia." Microvilli were found on the surface of most pyriform cells. (2) Conical cells. These lacked an external process but there were large numbers of intramitotic filopodia at the basal pole of the cell body, and the perikaryal surface was rich in microvilli. (3) Globular cells. It was possible to subdivide this class of cell into large and small sizes, but usually a few short intramitotic filopdia were present at the basal pole. The perikaryal surfaces of the globular population were raised in coarse lumps and bubble-like protrusions. By pooling TEM and SEM information we were able to deduce that pyriform cells probably possess a prophase or prometaphase chromosome morphology, while conical cells exhibit a chromosome morphology somewhere between prometaphase and early anaphase. Large globular mitotic cells were found to be between metaphase and late anaphase and small globular cells were identified as early telophase cells. On the basis of these findings we have proposed that as a bipolar neuroepithelial cell rounds up for mitosis it passes first through a pyriform stage during which the external process is retracted or broken down, and then through a conical stage when the cell consolidates its position on the ventricular surface. Finally, the cell enters a large globular stage before dividing into two small globular telophase cells. It is not known what part, if any, the intramitotic filopodia play in this process of rounding up. PMID- 1112919 TI - The topographical and laminar organization of the presubiculum's projection to the ipsi- and contralateral entorhinal cortex in the guinea pig. AB - This is a detailed report of a previously described projection from the presubiculum to the entorhinal area (Shipley, '74). The terminal degeneration in the entorhinal area is specifically confined to the outer three layers of this cortex. The projection is topogtaphically organized and confined to dorsal and medial parts of the entorhinal area. A similarly organized projection courses via the dorsal psalterium (dorsal hippocampal commissure) to the contralateral entorhinal area. Thus each presubiculum has an organized terminal pathway to the entorhinal cortices of both hemispheres. PMID- 1112920 TI - Involvement of the avian amygdalar homologue (archistriatum posterior and mediale) in defensively conditioned heart rate change. AB - Archistriatal involvement in visually conditioned heart rate change (established by pairing light and foot-shock) was studied in 198 pigeons by evaluating conditioning performance following lesions of different archistriatal subdivisions or interruption of their subtelencephalic projections. Lesions of the anterior-intermedium archistriatum or interruption of its descending projection (tractus occipitomesencephalicus) had no effect on conditioned response development. In contrast, destruction of the posterior-mediale region or interruption of its descending projection (tractus occipitomesencephalicus, pars hypothalami) produced profound conditioning deficits. The findings are entirely consistent with a recent anatomical analysis (Zeier and Karten, '71) suggesting that only the posterior-mediale archistriatum constitutes the avian amygdalar homologue. It is concluded that the integrity of the posterior-mediale region and its projection to the hypothalamus via the tractus occipitomesencephalicus, pars hypothalami are essential for establishing visually conditioned heart rate change in a defensive conditioning paradigm, and these findings are discussed in the context of structures previously implicated in mediating this conditioning autonomic response. PMID- 1112921 TI - The role of supraspinal input in embryonic motility: a re-examination in the chick. AB - The present experiments represent an attempt to further clarify the role of the brain in embryonic motility and behavior. By making high chronic cervical transections ("gaps") at early prefunctional stages of incubation (i.e., 40-50 hours) and studying the subsequent emergence of motility in the chick it has been possible to determine that supraspinal input is not functional until about the tenth day of incubation. Acute cervical transection results in a modification of the temporal pattern (rhythm) of motility without affecting the frequency of activity. Qualitatively the movements of spinal embryos are indistinguishable from controls up to 16-17 days. At that time there are detectable differences in the character of spontaneous movements, in reflex responsivity and in hatching behavior; spinal embryos are not able to initiate the coordinated Type III movements necessary for escape from the shell. Injection of strychnine into chronic cervical and control embryos at 10 days and at 16-17 days indicates that certain aspects of the typical strychnine response are lost following removal of brain input to the spinal cord. Finally, chronic thoracic gaps result in a clear modificaect at this age. These data suggest that propriospinal integration is present at least several days prior to the onset of supraspinal input in the chick spinal cord. PMID- 1112922 TI - Synaptic patterns in the visual cortex of turtle: an electron microscopic study. AB - The part of turtle general cortex that receives afferent fibers from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and that shows evoked potentials to light stimuli has been studied with the electron microscope. This cortex consists of an outer molecular layer, a perikaryal layer, and a subcellular layer lying on a row of ependymal cell bodies. Neurons in the perikaral lamina are characterized by long spine-bearing apical dendrites ascending through the outer molecular layer and short finer basal dendrites in the subcellular zone. Scattered neurons without apical dendrites occur in both the molecular and subcellular zones. Two types of dendritic spines can be distinguished. Some are large, have a complex irregular shape, contain a variety of membranous sacs and mitochondria, and occasionally, a single bundle of microtubules embedded in an electron-dense background [corrected] opacity. These large spines are the most common postsynaptic element in the outer third of the molecular layer, where they are located on the distal enlargement that contains only electron-dense fuzz. They are the most common post synaptic element in the lower two-thirds of the molecular layer where they arise from the proximal portion of apical dendrites. Most synaptic contacts are found on the dendritic spines and are of the "round-asymmetrical" type. Not infrequently "flat-symmetrical" synapses are coupled to "round-asymmetrical" contacts on individual large spines. The few contacts present on spine-bearing dendritic shafts are of both types. Axo-somatic contacts are mainly of the "flat symmetrical" variety. Thus the synaptic patterns on the principal cells of turtle visual cortex are remarkably similar to those found on pyramidal cells of mammalian neocortex. In addition, however, axon terminals, dendrites and glial (ependymal) processes were often seen to give rise to membranous pouches containing large vacuoles and invaginating into dendritic shafts or spines. Rarely, axon terminals were seen to form contacts, identical in appearance to synaptic contacts, on cell bodies in the ependymal lining. More frequently, unusual types of membrane differentiations were present at the site of apposition of the membranes of axon terminals and ependymal processes. They are interpreted as functional neuroependymal contacts. PMID- 1112923 TI - Fine structure and distribution of axon terminals from the cochlear nucleus on neurons in the medial superior olivary nucleus of the cat. AB - The morphology and distribution of axon terminals on central column and marginal neurons of the cat medial superior olivary nucleus (MSO) were analyzed by electron microscopy. Individual neurons or groups of cells oriented such that substantial lengths of their dendrites were within a 5-7 mu thich section were selected for detailed study. Thin sections were cut from remounted thick sections. Boutons with spherical vesicles arise directly from myelinated axons; more than one synaptic region of an axon, each separated by a myelinated segment, may contact a given dendrite. Boutons with flattened and occasionally dense core vesicles arise from both myelinated and unmyelinated portions of axons; these axons may also have more than one synaptic region. Both kinds of synaptic profiles are found on the somata and dendrites of all MSO neurons. To determine which nerve endings are from the cochlear nucleus (CN) lesions were made to produce orthograde degeneration. Following unilateral CN lesions degenerating spherical vesicle terminals were observed on the lateral dendrites and somata of ipsilateral central column cells and the medial dendrites and somata of contralateral neurons. Degenerating terminals were rarely seen on the opposite dendrite (three of 48 cells). In six of seven instances where medial and lateral dendrites of two cells overlapped degeneration was limited to one oriented toward the lesion. Marginal cells examined received virtually all spherical vesicle terminals from only one CN. Terminals with flattened vesicles persisted on the somata and dendrites of all neurons studied including cells from cats with bilateral lesions. PMID- 1112924 TI - The development of synapses in the visual system of the cat. AB - Synapses have been counted by electron microscopy and neurones by light microscopy through the depth of the visual cortex in a series of cats from 37 days gestation to adulthood. A few definite synapses are present as early as three weeks before birth, but there is then a latent period of four weeks before synapses increase rapidly in number 8-37 days after birth. The synapses occur just above and just below the cell plate at first, but in the adult cat they become evenly distributed in the depth of the cortex. The gradual separation of neurones by neuropil during development precedes a parallel increase in the density of synapses by about one week. The average number of synapses associated with one neurone rises to a peak of about 13,000 at seven weeks after birth. The densities of synapses and of neurones subsequently fall to slightly lower values in adult cats as the glial cells continue to develop. The timing of synaptic development in the visual cortex has been compared quantitatively with that in the L. G. N. and qualitatively with synaptogenesis in the retina. Synapses develop in the L. G. N. and cortex in a parallel fashion, and the L. G. N. precedes the cortex by a short interval of about two days. In the cell plate of the retina a few receptor synapses are present nine days before birth. Inner plexiform synapses are aslo present at this time, but ribbon-containing synapses do not appear until birth. Very few receptors possess outer segments with discs at birth, but five days later disc-bearing outer segments have developed. Thus synaptic development starts before afferent impulses can enter the visual system, but the main increase in synapses in the L. G. N. and cortex takes place four weeks after the start of synapse formation while the visual system is being used. PMID- 1112925 TI - Receptive fields of single cells and topography in mouse visual cortex. AB - The visual cortex was studied in the mouse (C57 Black/6J strain) be recording from single units, and a topographic map of the visual field was constructed. Forty-five percent of the neurons in striate cortex responded best to oriented line stimuli moving over their receptive fields; they were classified as simple (17%), complex (25%) and hypercomplex (3%). Of all preferred orientations horizontal was most common. Fifty-five percent of recpetive fields were circularly symmetric: these were on-center (25%), off-center (7%) and homogeneous on-off in type (23%). Optimal stimulus velocities were much higher than those reported in the cat, mostly varying between 20 degrees and 300 degrees/sec. The field of vision common to the two eyes projected to more than one-third of the striate cortex. Although the contralateral eye provided the dominating influence on cells in this binocular area, more than two-thirds of cells could also be driven through the ipsilateral eye. The topography of area 17 was similar to that found in other mammals: the upper visual field projected posteriorly, the most nasal part mapped onto the lateral border. Here the projection did not end at the vertical meridian passing through the animal's long axis, but proceeded for at least 10 degrees into the ipsilateral hemifield of vision, so that at least 20 degrees of visual field were represented in both hemispheres. The magnification in area 17 was rather uniform throughout the visual field. In an area lateral to area 17 (18a) the fields were projected in condensed mirror image fashion with respect to the arrangement of area 17. Medial to area 17 a third visual area (area 18) was again related to 17 as a condensed mirror image. PMID- 1112926 TI - The number, size and spatial distribution of neurons in lamina IV of the mouse SmI neocortex. AB - We located the corresponding barrel in Layer IV of the mouse SmI cortex in eleven cerebral hemispheres sectioned in a plane tangential to the pia overlying SmI and in one sectioned and prepared by a combined Golgi-Nissl method. In the section in which barrel C-1 could be optimally visualized each neuronal soma was outlined with a camera lucida and the cross-sectional area measured with the aid of a small computer. In all, nearly 7,000 neurons were measured. We estimate that on average barrel C-1 contains about 2,000 neurons. The mean cross-sectional area of the perikarya is 62.51 mu2 (S.D. plus or minus 14.51 mu2) and the size distribution of the neurons is unimodal and positively skewed. There is no segregation of cells within the barrel on the basis of size. The spatial distribution of cells in the barrel is fairly constant, from specimen to specimen, and the charactieristic cytoarchitectonic appearance of the barrel can be related to regional neuronal packing density since there are at least 1.6 as many neurons in the sides of the barrel as the hollow. The constancy of the cellular composition of the barrels indicates that the mechanisms responsible for the development of the mouse SmI cortex are fairly rigidly determined, and that the barrel field should lend itself well to further quantitative, developmental and physiological analysis. PMID- 1112927 TI - Electron microscopical reconstruction of the anterior sensory anatomy of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.?2UU. AB - The complete structure of the anterior sensory nervous system of the small nematode C. elegans has been determined by reconstruction from serial section electronmicrographs. There are 58 neurons in the tip of the head. Fifty-two of these are arranged in sensilla. These include six inner labial sensilla, six outer labial sensilla, four cephalic sensilla and two amphids. Each sensillum consists of ciliated sensory neurons ending in a channel enclosed by two non neuronal cells, the sheath and socket cells. The amphidial channel opens to the outside as does that of the inner labial sensilla so that these probably contain chemoreceptive neurons. The endings of the other sensilla are embedded in the cuticle and may be mechanoreceptive. The cell bodies of all the neurons lie near the nerve ring and their axons project into the ring or into ventral ganglia. One of the ciliated sensory neurons in each of the six inner labial sensilla makes direct chemical synapses onto a muscle making these sensory-motor neurons. The anatomy of four isogenic animals was compared in detail and found to be largely invariant. The anatomy of juveniles is nearly identical to that of the adult, but males have four additional neuron processes. PMID- 1112928 TI - The ascending projections of the superior colliculus in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - We studied and compared the ipsilateral efferents of the superficial and deep layers of the superior colliculus of the rhesus monkey. Using a stereotaxic method, microelectrodes were inserted through the contralateral hemisphere in order to make electrolytic lesions of the superior colliculus. Large lesions involved all layers of the superior colliculus, while smaller lesions involved either the superficial or the deep layers of the superior colliculus. Following various survival times, the brains were prepared with the Fink-Heimer technique ('67). Following lesions of the superficial layers of the superior colliculus, definite degenerated axonal endings were found in the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei, inferior pulvinar, centrointermediate nucleus, magnocellular dorsomedial nucleus, anterior pretectal nucleus and pretectal region. Sparse degenerated axonal endings were found in the limitans nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus and some intralaminar nuclei following lesions of the superficial layers in the rostral portion of the superior colliculus. Following lesions of the deep layers of the superior colliculus, degenerated axonal endings were found in the central gray, magnocellular medial geniculate nucleus, suprageniculate nucleus, limitans nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, medial and oral pulvinar, nucleus of the accessory optic tract, zona incerta, subdivisions of the ventral lateral and ventral posterior lateral nuclei, ventral posterior inferior nucleus, denosocellular and multiform dorsomedial nuclei, all intralaminar nuclei, inferior colliculus, parabigeminal nucleus, olivary nucleus, reunions nucleus, Forel's Field H and an undefined midbrain nucleus. In general the projections were topographically organized in that the caudal portion of the superior colliculus projected to the rostral portions of thalamic nuclei and the rostral portion of the superior colliculus projected to the caudal portions of thalamic nuclei. All the degeneration patterns seen after lesions of the superficial and deep layers were accounted for by large lesions which involved all layers of the superior colliculus. It is concluded that the superficial and deep layers of the rehesus monkey superior colliculus have different ascending projections. The finding, are related to the organization of visual and multimodal thalamocortical systems in primates and other mammals. PMID- 1112929 TI - Cerebellar corticovestibular fibers of the posterior lobe in a prosimian primate, the lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis). AB - The orginization of cerebellar corticovestibular fibers was studied in a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis) using the Fink and Heimer ('67) method. The vestibular complex of Galago is larger than in other mammals and some higher primates. Vermis lobule IX contributes the largest number of fibers to the ipsilateral vestibular complex. Lobules VI and VIII give rise to lesser, but similar, numbers of fibers which also pass into the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei. Vermis lobule VII and the paravermal and lateral cortices contribute extremely sparse numbers of fibers to the dorsal area of the ipsilateral vestibular complex. All degenerated fibers enter the vestibular nuclei through a large diffusely organized juxtarestiform body. Fibers from vermis lobule VII and the paravermal and lateral cortices terminate in dorsal areas of the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei. Vermis lobule VI projects into dorsal and lateral regions of the ipsilateral SVN, LVN and SpVN. Vermis lobules VIII and IX project into the dorsal and into progressively more central and medial regions of the ipsilateral SVN, LVN, and SpVN. This gives the clear impression of a rostro-caudal origin of fibers from the posterior lobe vermis which terminate in an overlapping lateral to medial sequence in the vestibular complex. In addition to its projection into the vestibular nuclei, lesions of vermis lobule IX also elicit degeneration in dorsal areas of the ipsilateral medullary reticular formation and in the ipsilateral parabrachial nuclei. PMID- 1112930 TI - The central projections of the trigeminal, facial and anterior lateral line nerves in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). AB - The central projections of the trigeminal, facial and anterior lateral line nerves were studied in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) by the Nauta and Fink-Heimer silver techniques following rhizotomy. Degenerating trigeminal fibers were found projecting on the nucleus of the descending trigeminal root and on the medial funicular nucleus. The former can be subdivided in five portions lying dorsal to the various cranial motor nuclei. The afferent facial fibers could be traced into the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagal lobes, while the anterior lateral line nerve projects on rostral, medial and caudal parts of the medial nucleus and on the eminentia granularis. The anterior lateral line nerve can be divided into a dorsal and a ventral root, each following the same course. The role trigeminal and facial nerves play in proprioception of respiratory muscles is discussed. PMID- 1112931 TI - Stereospecific analysis of high melting triglycerides of bovine milk fat and their biosynthetic origin. AB - Fatty acid composition, triglyceride molecular weight distributions, melting ranges, amount of cis and trans isomers, and stereospecific fatty acid distributions were determined for high melting triglyceride fractions and bovine milk fat free of them. Distributions of fatty acids on the high melting triglycerides differed from distributions of fatty acids in the rest of the milk fat triglycerides. The significance of these results is evaluated in relation to the biosynthetic origin of high melting triglycerides. Stereospecific distributions of these fatty acids support previous speculations that the monoglyceride pathway may play a significant role in biosynthesis of high melting triglyceride in bovine milk fat. PMID- 1112932 TI - Diurnal variations in blood cortisol in the dairy cow. AB - Concentrations of adrenal corticosteroids in plasma were determined by a competitive protein-binding technique in blood samples taken hourly over 24 h from four dairy cows, each sampled for three 24 h periods. Mean blood cortisol was 7.9 ng/ml. Statistical analysis revealed no diurnal variation. Reasons for this are postulated. PMID- 1112933 TI - Relationships between immunoreactive estrone and estradiol in milk, blood, and urine of dairy cows. AB - Quantities of immunoreactive estrone and estradiol in blood plasma, urine, and milk were measured during the estrous cycle and pregnancy of cows. The objectives were to develop a radioimmunoassay procedure for quantifying estrogen in milk and urine and to compare changes in milk estrogen with those in blood plasma and urine. Concentrations of estrone and estradiol in milk varied during the estrous cycle. Relative concentrations of estradiol in blood plasma and milk were not different, but average estrone concentrations in milk were four times greater than those in blood plasma. Concentration of total estrogen (estradiol plus estrone) exceeded 1 ng/ml in colostrum and milk from cows milked prepartum, and was correlated with total estrogen in blood plasma and urine before and after calving. Blood plasma estrone was correlated only with milk estrone whereas blood plasma estradiol was correlated with urinary estradiol, milk estrone, and milk estradiol during the estrous cycle. These results raise possibilities that mammary gland of the lactating cow may concentrate preferentially estrone or convert estradiol to estrone. However, estimated excretion of estrogen through the milk represents no more than a fraction of 1% of the total excreted during the estrous cycle, and the proportion becomes less as gestation progresses up to at least 7 mo. PMID- 1112934 TI - Characterization of metabolites in domestic sow urine after intravenous administration of radioactive estrogen and corticosteroids. AB - We measured distribution of radioactivity among urinary metabolites excreted in nonpregnant and ovariectomized sows after intravenous injection of radionuclides (14carbon) labeled estrone, estradiol-17beta, cortisol, and corticosterone. Treatment with an enzyme preparation (Glusulase) containing both beta glucuronidase and sulfatase activity, rendered extractable over 95% of the radioactivity recovered from urine with diethyl ether (estrogens) and ethyl acetate (corticoids). Only an additional 1 to 4% of the radioactivity was extracted following solvolysis of the aqueous residue remaining after enzyme hydrolysis and extraction. Radioactivity in nonpregnant sow urine was predominantly in the estrone fraction following injection of either estrone or estradiol-17beta. Moreover, the principal metabolite was estrone monoglucuronide. Only traces of estradiol-17beta and an estriol-like compound were detected. Two other isolates contained radioactivity. One compound probably was 2 methoxyestrone, but structure of the other compound (X1) could not be established. The principal urinary metabolites from injection of cortisol corresponded to chromatographic properties of tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone. Both metabolites were low in urine following injection of corticosterone. The major urinary metabolites from corticosterone injection corresponded to chromatographic properties of tetrahydrocorticosterone and corticosterone. Considerable radioactivity from injection of both corticoids was isolated in the cortol, cortolone, and 11-ketoetiocholanolone - 11beta hydroxyetiocholanolone areas of chromatograms. The data for corticoids agree with similar data for the human being and cow. PMID- 1112935 TI - Zinc-65 absorption and tissue distribution in two- and six-month-old holstein calves and lactating cows. AB - Holstein calves and cows in first lactation were fed a low-zinc (16.6 ppm) experimental diet. Zinc-65 absorption and tissue distribution were determined following a single oral tracer dose of zinc-65 given 14 days prior to sacrifice. Net zinc-65 absorptions for the cows and 2- and 6-mo-old calves were 53.4, 49.7 and 47.2% of the dose. Tissue zinc-65 content, adjusted for body weight and zinc 65 of milk of the cows was not significantly different from that of either age calves in 13 of 20 comparable tissues. Greatest differences in tissue zinc-65 were in tibia and rib with the 6-mo-old group highest and cows lowest. Lactation represents a major homoeostatic demand for zinc, and the intestinal absorptive ability of adult cattle remains responsive to physiological need. PMID- 1112936 TI - Environmental and managemental factors affecting conception rate in a subtropical climate. AB - Data representing 5,062 services during 1960 to 1971 in the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station dairy herd were analyzed by least squares to delineate factors affecting conception rates. Overall conception rate was 37.9%. From a set of 21 climatological measurements, the five selected as most important ranked (1) maximum temperature day after insemination, (2) rainfall day of insemination, (3) minimum temperature day of insemination, (4) solar radiation day of insemination, and (5) minimum temperature day after insemination. Warm months were more closely associated with lower conception rates than were cool months (33.7 compared to 40.1%); month effects appeared to be accounted for by the climatological measurements. Conception rates declined with age: heifers, 47.6%; young cows, 42.7%; older cows, 31.9%. No decline with advancing service number (1 to 5) occurred. Service sire and inseminator effects were detected as expected. Although breeds differed (Aryshires, 33.8; Brown Swiss, 34.6; and Guernseys, 37.0; Holsteins, 35.5; and Jerseys, 48.4%), there was no evidence of breed (Jerseys and Holsteins) by month or breed by season interactions nor was it possible to detect age by season interactions. PMID- 1112937 TI - Influence of mastitis on properties of milk. XI. Fat globule membrane. AB - The effect of mastitis on the milk fat globule membrane of milk samples from individual quarters was investigated. Wisconsin Mastitis Test positive (greater than 20mm) milk contained approximately 10% less milk fat globule membrane material than negative (smaller than 10mm) milk. The lipid portion of the milk fat globule membrane preparation from positive milk contained smaller amounts of phospholipids and larger amounts of cholesterol. Milk fat globule membrane preparations from positive milk had higher aldolase activity and lower xanthine oxidase activity. Dissociated membrane protein prepared from positive milk was resolved into five components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis while the membrane protein prepared from negative milk was resolved into three components. PMID- 1112938 TI - Performance of Holstein and crossbred dairy cattle in Louisiana. III. Health and viability. AB - Viability and health disorders were compared for straightbred Holsteins and crosses between Holsteins, Brown Swiss, Jerseys, and Red Sindhis. In addition, effects of mating systems and effects of various parts of Red Sindhi heredity on these traits were evaluated. Losses before first calving per 100 females born alive were: Holsteins 22; Holstein-sired crosses 20: Brown Swiss-sired crosses 26; daughters of crossbred sires group I (sires had from 1/4 to 1/16 Red Sindhi heredity) 24; and group II (sires were all European breeds) 31. Losses in first gestation from abortions and stillbirths were: Holsteins 20% and crossbreds 9%. In first lactation, incidence of foot rot and anaplasmosis was higher among Holsteins (13% and 16%) than in crossbreds (5% and 8%) whereas the incidence was less among crosses with Red Sindhi heredity (3% and 2%) than in all European breed crosses (9% and 17%). When progeny produced by criss-crossing to purebred sires were compared with progeny from random mating to crossbred sires, the former had a greater incidence of mastitis (30% versus 19%) and anaplasmosis (11% versus 2%). There was no differences between Holsteins and crossbreds in overall viability. However, there was considerable variation between breeds at the various ages. PMID- 1112939 TI - Effect of cell density on lactose synthesis in bovine mammary cell cultures. AB - The ability to synthesize lactose was studied in despersed cell cultures of lactating bovine mammary tissue under conditions of varying cell density, time, glucose, and lactose concentrations. The observable rate of lactose synthesis at a given time in an adequate medium is dependent on individual animal, length of time in culture, and density of cells. Rate of loss with time in the ability to synthesize lactose followed first order kinetics (half-time 11 h). Rate of synthesis per cell at a given time was an inverse function of the cell density following a linear relationship expressed by plotting the inverse of the amount accumulated versus the inverse of the cell number. A cell density for such experimental studies of about 2.5 times 10-6 cells per ml was ideal. The medium concentration of lactose and, above a minimum, that of glucose did not affect production of lactose. PMID- 1112940 TI - Structure and synthesis of milk fat XI. Effects of heparin on paths of incorporation of glucose and palmitic acid into milk fat. AB - Intravenous injection of heparin increases lipoprotein lipase activity of circulating serum presumably by removing the enzyme from its location on the capillary endothelium. The incorporation of carbon-14 uniformly labeled glucose and carbon-14 1-labeled palmitic acid into fractionated milk fat triglycerides was studied in both normal and heparin treated lactating goats. The objective was to remove lipoprotein lipase from the mammary gland capillaries and to contrast normal milk fat synthesis with a situation presumed to cause the gland to be solely dependent on the phosphatidic acid pathway. The studies with labeled glucose indicated that under normal conditions there are two sources of milk glyceride glycerol; while following heparin injections, there is a single glycerol pool providing most of the glyceride glycerol. The investigations with labeled palmitic acid indicated that under normal conditions there are two sources of palmitic acid coming from the blood which enter nonequilibrating cellular pools. Palmitic acid from both pools is available for triglyceride synthesis. Following heparin injections there appears to be a common intracellular pool of pre-formed palmitic acid derived from the blood. The data indicate that lipoprotein lipase operating on blood triglycerides yields a 2-mono glyceride which subsequently enters the gland and is utilized for milk fat synthesis. PMID- 1112941 TI - Environmental and lactational variables affecting prolactin concentrations in bovine milk. AB - Relationships were examined between prolactin concentrations in bovine milk and various environmental and lactational variables. Prolactin was quantified by radioimmunoassay in 1.316 milk samples from two experiments. Environmental temperatures preceding milking, stage of lactation, daily miik yield, and dominance rank of the cow were correlated significantly with milk prolactin concentration. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine, in order of importance, the variables having significant independent effects on milk prolactin. Ambient temperature extremes, high and low, exerted the greatest effects and were each associated with elevated concentrations of prolactin. In Experiment I,conducted throughout the year, the variable representing maximum temperature preceding milking accounted for 14.3% of the variation in milk prolactin. In Experiment II, conducted during late fall and early winter, the minimum temperature preceding milking accounted for 21.1% of the variation. Although earlier stages of lactation and larger daily milk yields were associated with higher prolactin concentrations, inclusion of lactation stage in the stepwise regression model tended to eliminate almost all the variance of prolactinpreviously associated with daily yield. Dominance measurements indicated that more submissive cows had higher milk prolactin. Individual cows tended to have characteristic prolactin, but this tendency was eliminated by statistical adjustment of the data for environmental and lactational variables. PMID- 1112942 TI - Influence of estrus detection on days open in dairy herds. AB - Data from 10 herds on a herd reproductive status program supported estimates of lost reproductive days per cow per year due to conception failure and missed heat as 23 and 10 days. The corresponding estimates from Ohio Dairy Herd Improvement were 14.7 and 40.3 days. The correlation within the 10 herds between days lost due to failure to conceive and total days open was .38 and between days lost due to missed heats and total days open .92. PMID- 1112943 TI - Clothing for protection against venomous Hymenoptera. PMID- 1112944 TI - Heliothis zea and H. virescens: moth activity as measured by blacklight and pheromone traps. PMID- 1112946 TI - Development of resistance in house fly adults and larvae pressured with stirofos. PMID- 1112945 TI - Winter inoculative releases of parasitoids to reduce houseflies in poultry manure. PMID- 1112947 TI - Efficacy of acephate against German cockroaches aboard naval vessels. PMID- 1112948 TI - Effectiveness of insect growth regulators in the control of populations of the German cockroach. PMID- 1112949 TI - Effect of beta adrenergic blockage on bronchial sensitivity to inhaled acetylcholine in normal subjects. AB - Dose-responses curves were established in 10 normal subjects by measuring, with a body plethysmograph, the changes of specific airway conductance (SGaw) produced by aerosolized acetylcholine. Doses of acetylcholine producing a 50 per cent decrease of control SGaw (ED50) were found to be largely variable among individuals. Beta-adrenergic blockade with intravenous propranolol (0.2 mg per kilogram) resulted in a mean potentiation of the acetycholine effect (mean ED50 after propranolol was significantly lower than mean ED50 before). This potentiating effect of propranolol, however, was also subjected to individual variations, suggesting individual variability of the sympathetic system. The range of variation in acetylcholine sensitivity was not narrowed by propranolol treatment and no correlation was found between initial acetylcholine sensitivity and propranolol potentiation. This suggests that variability of the sympathetic system is not the main factor in determining individual variation in acetylcholine sensitivity. Even when propranolol was very effective in increasing airway sensitivity, this sensitivity was still less marked than usually encountered in asthmatic patients. This suggests that beta-adrenergic blockade cannot create, if alone, the bronchial hypersensitivity characteristic of asthma. PMID- 1112950 TI - Uptake of catecholamines in guinea pig lung: influence of cortisol and anaphylaxis. AB - Effects of cortisol and anaphylaxis on the uptake of catecholamines (CA) in the guinea pig lung have not been investigated previously. Sensitized and healthy animals were randomly killed, catheters were inserted into the pulmonary artery and vein, and the preparation was perfused with Tyrode. Half of the animals received 50 mg. of cortisol 2 hours before the procedure. H3-epinephrine (E) or norepinephrine (NE), 10 ng. per milliliter, was infused for 6 minutes. Infusion was started 15 seconds prior to challenge with ovalbumin or NaCl. Total -H3 and NE(E)-H3 were determined in the lung homogenates. Results showed (1) 6 to 14 per cent of circulating CA were retained by the lung. (2) In healthy animals cortisol inhibited NE uptake by 35 per cent and E uptake by 15 per cent. (3) Anaphylaxis increased NE and E accumulation by 10 and 19 per cent, respectively. (4) Regardless of experimental conditions approximately 40 per cent of NE and 30 per cent of E taken up were recovered unchanged. IN CONCLUSION: (1) There is significant uptake of CA in the lung. (2) One of the mechanisms of therapeutic effect of cortisol in asthma might be its inhibitory effect on CA uptake. (3) Increased CA accumulation during anaphylaxis could be beneficial by increasing the local concentration of amines, or detrimental by decreasing availability of CA, depending on the uptake site and cell type and degree of subsequent metabolism. (4) Cortisol and anaphylaxis per se appear not to change degradation of CA. PMID- 1112951 TI - Spatial variability in airborne pollen concentrations. AB - Tests were conducted to determine the relationship between airborne pollen concentrations and distance. Simultaneous samples were taken in 171 tests with sets of eight rotoslide samplers spaced from one to 486 M. apart in straight lines. Use of all possible pairs gave 28 separation distances. Tests were conducted over a 2-year period in urban and rural locations distant from major pollen sources during both tree and ragweed pollen seasons. Samples were taken at a height of 1.5 M. during 5-to 20-minute periods. Tests were grouped by pollen type, location, year, and direction of the wind relative to the line. Data were analyzed to evaluate variability without regard to sampler spacing and variability as a function of separation distance. The mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, ratio of maximum to the mean, and ratio of minimum to the mean were calculated for each test, each group of tests, and all cases. The average coefficient of variation is 0.21, the maximum over the mean, 1.39 and the minimum over the mean, 0.69. No relationship was found with experimental conditions. Samples taken at the minimum separation distance had a mean difference of 18 per cent. Differences between pairs of samples increased with distance in 10 of 13 groups. These results suggest that airborne pollens are not always well mixed in the lower atmosphere and that a sample becomes less representative with increasing distance from the sampling location. PMID- 1112952 TI - Microculture method for some viable airborne particles. AB - A microchamber has been developed for in situ culture of some airborne particles collected on the acrylic "I" rods of the Rotorod Air Sampler. The design of the chamber allows direct observation as well as the photography of microscopic airborne particles. Its use permits a rapid distinction between living and nonliving matter, as well as increased efficiency in sampling airborne particles. PMID- 1112953 TI - Social psychology of food faddism. Speculations on health food behavior. PMID- 1112954 TI - Nutritive content of college meals. Proximate composition and vitamins. AB - Two samples, each consisting of menus of two breakfasts, lunches, and dinners, as offered to college students, were collected for seven consecutive days from each of fifty colleges. The composited meals were analyzed to determine proximate composition and content of vitamin A, vitamin D, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. On a per-person-per-day basis, the meals met or exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances for nineteen-to-twenty-two year-old men and women for protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, and niacin. About a third of the meals were below the allowances for vitamin D, three-fifths were short in thiamin, and three-fourths were short in folacin and vitamin B6. A number of colleges offered meals that were short on calories. PMID- 1112955 TI - Food choices of women. Personal, attitudinal, and motivational factors. AB - Responses of 591 women showed that they purchased and prepared the meals in nine of ten households. Although half preserved a limited amount of food, few had gardens or raised or received livestock for their families' use. Most women ate three meals plus one or two snacks a day. The dominant occupation of the women was homemaker; more men had professional or managerial occupations than other work. More than half the adults had completed more than twelve grades in school. Average gross income per household exceeded $11,000 yearly. The husband would exert the strongest influence on most of the women to try a new food, although most would try a new food if urged to by a doctor, nurse, or nutritionist. The majority were motivated to eat a particular food because of personal or family preferences, which were the dominant motivational factors in eating each food category. Advertising was the least influential. PMID- 1112956 TI - Sodium in four canned vegetables. Effect of rinsing and heating in water. AB - Low-sodium canned vegetables are required for severely restricted sodium diets, but on the milder sodium-restricted diets, adjustments could be made on an individual patient basis to include specially treated regular canned vegetables. This investigation was planned to compare the sodium content of regular canned vegetables as processed with same canned vegetables when rinsed and heated in tap water. The study was also designed to compare the consistency of sodium content in canned vegetables between and within brands. Knowledge of the actual sodium content of regular canned vegetables will permit greater use of these foods on modified-sodium diets. PMID- 1112957 TI - Example of a trend: food purchasing program, Chicago Hospital Council. PMID- 1112958 TI - Home canning workshop in Florida. PMID- 1112959 TI - Consumer education--Los Angeles style. PMID- 1112960 TI - Low-fat chocolate gingerbread. PMID- 1112961 TI - Mass screening for coronary risk factors in 2,524 asymptomatic adults. AB - The prevalence of coronary risk factors was assessed in 2,524 asymptomatic adults in Long Beach, California. Hypercholesterolemia (serum cholesterol level greater than 250 mg/100 ml) was present in 725 subjects (28.8 per cent), hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglyceride level greater than or equal to 150 mg/100 ml) in 497 (19.7 per cent), and an abnormal lipoprotein pattern in 813 (32.2 per cent). Of the 2,524 subjects, 233 (9.2 per cent) had a blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg and 116 (4.6 percent) had a blood pressure above 150/100 mm. There were 1,043 cigarette, cigar, or pipe smokers (41.3 per cent). Fifty subjects (2.0 per cent) had a fasting blood sugar level above 120 mg/100 ml, 48 (1.9 per cent) had abnormal triceps skinfold thickness, and 382 (15.2 per cent) weighed 20 per cent or more above the desirable weight. The electrocardiogram during rest was definitely above the desirable weight. The electrocardiogram during rest was definitely abnormal in 183 subjects (7.3 per cent). On the basis of these data it is evident that in many asymptomatic adults, risk factors predisposing to coronary disease are not being detected or treated. PMID- 1112962 TI - Treatment of anemia in the aged: a common problem and challenge. AB - The occurrence of anemia in a group of aged persons residing in a home for the aged and in a chronic disease hospital was reviewed with regard to etiology, choice of treatment, and therapeutic response. Of the 484 patients, 151 (31 per cent) had anemia or were receiving antianemia therapy. Iron-deficiency anemia was the most common type, and iron was the most common form of treatment. Seventy eight patients were given antianemia therapy in 97 courses, and a good therapeutic result was achieved in about one-fourth of the courses. The most frequent error in iron therapy was its use in the anemia associated with chronic disorders. Often there was a combination deficiency of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. The response to iron in the elderly can be very slow, so therapy should not be discontinued too soon. Anemia may directly contribute to other serious pathologic conditions, especially in aged persons with impaired circulation. In some cases the physiologic concentration of hemoglobin may be higher than the accepted "normal" value. The course of the anemia in relation to the general state of the patient is more significant than any laboratory data in choosing antianemia therapy. Practical laboratory screening procedures for elderly anemic patients are discussed. PMID- 1112963 TI - Effects of relocation on chronically ill geriatric patients of a medical unit: mortality rates. AB - The entire general medical unit of Ste. Anne's Hospital for disabled elderly veterans was moved into a new modern building on July 13, 1971. Roughly, about 350 patients were involved. In anticipation of the move, a program of preparation of the patients was organized to prevent if possible the dramatic increases in the mortality rate reported in some earlier studies of relocated geriatric populations. The principal finding with regard to mortality was a significant decrease of 6.82 per cent after the relocation when compared with mortality rate for the previous year. The highly appreciated air-conditioning system in the new building, representative of modern improvements, may have helped to a minor degree. A much more important factor was the well organized program for preparation of the patients, skillfully carried out by a conscientious staff. PMID- 1112964 TI - Psychosomatic rehabilitation of elderly persons. AB - The psychosomatic rehabilitation of the elderly is an important task from both social and economic viewpoints. For psychic rehabilitation, moderate activity and the playing of games (such as chess, dominoes or cards) are recommended. Based on experiences with a group of 50 persons of the 70-90 age group., bridge playing is an especially desirable form of recreation. For somatic rehabilitation, physical exercise is a valuable aid, based on experiences with 338 partially disabled patients of the 51-81plus age group PMID- 1112965 TI - Development of effluent guidelines and Environmental Protection Agency research and development program for edible oils industry. PMID- 1112966 TI - Biomechanical findings in a random survey of fifth toe abnormalities. PMID- 1112967 TI - Life stress and podiatric medical problems. PMID- 1112968 TI - The etiology of hallux varus: A review. PMID- 1112969 TI - The effects of a forefoot post on gait and function. PMID- 1112971 TI - A latex bunion shield which can be adjusted to protect secondary lesions. PMID- 1112970 TI - Vater-Pacinian corpuscle: A case report. PMID- 1112972 TI - Diagnosis of foot ailments. PMID- 1112973 TI - How to 'brainstorm' for practice improvement ideas. PMID- 1112974 TI - The molecular dimensions of mitogenic factor from guinea pig lymph node cells. AB - The molecular dimensions of a mitogenic factor from guinea pig lymph node cells were investigated by means of gel filtration, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, and CsCi isopycnic ultracentrifugation. The mitogenic factor was produced by stimulation of immune lymph node cells from inbred guinea pigs, strain 2 or 13, with the specific antigen, ovalbumin; and mitogenic activity was assayed by measuring incorporation of tritiated thymidine by target lymph node cells from syngeneic animals not immune to ovalbumin. The D-20,w of the mitogenic factor was estimated to be (9.9 plus and minus 0.2) times 10-7 cm2/sec by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and the apparent S20,w was estimated to be 2.4 plus and minus 0.2 S by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The buoyant density was determined to be 1.324 plus and minus 0.006 g/ml by CsCi isopycnic ultracentrifugation, and from this value the partial specific volume of mitogenic factor was estimated to be 0.71. From these data the molecular weight of the mitogenic factor was calculated to be 20,000, and the frictional ratio was calculated to be 1.2. PMID- 1112975 TI - Interaction of IgE with rat basophilic leukemia cells. III. Release of intact receptors on cell-free particles. AB - Rat basophilic leukemia cells which bind rat IgE-release particulate material as they lose viability. This material appears to contain the surface receptors for IgE in their native form. Up to 80% of the receptor activity has been recovered in a fraction which contains only 4 to 5% of the total cellular protein. PMID- 1112976 TI - Use of radioimmunoassays to determine the concentration of streptococcal group specific antibodies in rabbit antisera. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the quantitation of antibodies to the Group A, A-variant, and C carbohydrates in rabbit streptococcal antisera. The assay employs radiolabeled purified Group carbohydrate which has been tyrosylated to allow for incorporation of 125-I. This assay has an advantage over the intitative precipitin test because it measures non-precipitating antibody in addition to precipitating antibody. Furthermore, 7S anti-IgG in rabbit antisera give a falsely elevated value for the antibody concentration in the quantitative precipitin test. This did not occur with the radioimmunoassay. The assay described is reproducible, sensitive, and uses little antisera. PMID- 1112977 TI - Transformation antigens on stimulated lymphocytes. AB - Immunologically mediated regulation of lymphoproliferation requires a self recognition mechanism. This was sought by measuring the ability of blood lymphocytes to recognize transformed, autologous lymphocytes. Human blood lymphocytes incubated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 72 hr, followed by mitomycin C treatment, induced blast transformation of autologous lymphocytes from all 28 healthy adults tested. Blastogenesis was measured by reactor cell incorporation of 3H-thymidine and was greater at 72 than at 144 hr. The role of PHA itself was assessed in several ways. The supernatant of washed, PHA transformed lymphocytes did not stimulate normal autologous lymphocytes. Lymphocytes incubated with PHA for 1 hr or 72 hr before mitomycin treatment bound equivalent amounts of 131I-PHA; cells treated for 1 hr did not transform and did not stimulate autologous lymphocytes. By contrast, cells incubated for 72 hr did transform and stimulate autologous lymphocytes. Lytic sonication of PHA transformed lymphocytes abolished their stimulating capability. An identical result was observed in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions after lytic sonication of the stimulating cells. PHA itself maintained its stimulatory capability after sonication. Although N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (NAGAL) competes with PHA for lymphocyte membrane sites, incubation of reactor lymphocytes with NAGAL did not diminish their response to PHA-transformed autologous lymphocytes. These results strongly suggest the presence of autorecognition determinants on membranes of transformed lymphocytes. The relatively rapid reaction to these determinants is consistent with prior in vivo exposure. PMID- 1112978 TI - The interferon refractory state. II. Biological characterization of a refractoriness-inducing protein. AB - When L929 cells were treated with samples collected from cells or mice producing interferon, almost complete refractoriness to subsequent interferon induction was observed. The relationship of this refractoriness-inducing product (RIP) to the antiviral activity of the samples was determined. Using interferon in the pretreatment sample as a measure of RIP concentration, a semilog plot of the pretreatment interferon titer and interferon subsequently produced, resulted in an approximately linear relationship between 10 and 100 units of interferon in the pretreatment sample. This relationship was largely independent of multiplicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) used to produce interferon in the treated monolayers. A 2- to 6-fold temporal differentiation in the refractoriness inducing activity and the antiviral activities was obtained both in vitro and in vivo. Supernatants collected 48 hr after NDV infection of L929 cells had 2- to 4 fold more refractoriness-inducing activity than those collected earlier. In serum of ICR mice given poly rIn:rCn-poly-D-lysine, a quantitatively similar temporal increase in refractoriness-inducing activity was observed. Treatment of L929 cells with cycloheximide resulted in a 4-fold increase in interferon production. At equivalent interferon concentrations, supernatants from the cycloheximide treated monolayers inhibited interferon production 4-fold less than did comparable supernatants from non-cycloheximide-treated monolayers. Soluble cell extracts inhibited interferon production to a greater degree than did extracellular preparations. The protein nature of the refractoriness-inducing activity was suggested by its trypsin sensitivity. These findings suggest that the refractoriness-inducing and antiviral activities of interferon preparations result from different proteins. PMID- 1112979 TI - The effect of fluorescein conjugation on Fc-dependent properties of rabbit antibody. AB - Conjugation of rabbit antibody with fluorescein isothiocyanate results in loss of the ability of that antibody to fix complement, mediate passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, or participate in cytophilic binding to macrophage surfaces. Fluorescein, perhaps because of molecular size or configuration, is a more potent suppressor of Fc function than are other reagents previously studied in this regard. PMID- 1112980 TI - Rat cell surface antigens. II. Isolation of a minor histocompatibility antigen. AB - A cell surface antigen was isolated from soluble extracts of rat lymphoid cells. Molecular weight of the purified antigen was estimated by SDS gel electrophoresis to be 10 to 20,000 daltons. Physical as well as immunologic properties of this antigen do not resemble those of any known antigenic product of the major histocompatibility locus of the rat. It is therefore proposed that it is a rat minor histocompatibility antigen. PMID- 1112981 TI - Human C3 and C5: subunit structure and modifications by trypsin and C42-C423. AB - The subunit composition of human C3 and C5 was analyzed. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fully reduced and dissociated proteins disclosed a similar structure, consisting of one alpha and beta subunit, linked together by one or more disulfide bonds. The approximate molecular weights for the alpha and beta subunits of C3 as well as C5 were 140,000 and 80,000 respectively. C42 caused cleavage solely of C3alpha, whereas trypsin affected both C3alpha as well as C3beta. A characteristic subunit modification by both enzmes indicated that C3alpha constitutes the source of C3a. C423 as well as trypsin exclusively affect C5alpha. C5a therefore appears to originate from the C5alpha subunit. The mode of primary cleavage by C423 and trypsin differs, giving rise to different forms of C5b. The questions is raised if multiple forms of C5a also exist. It appeared from our studies that certain forms of C5b may retain portions of the alpha subunit, which could potentially release some biologically active split products following secondary cleavage by the appropriate enzyme. PMID- 1112982 TI - Anti-dinitrophenyl antibody production in strain 13 guinea pigs fed or sensitized with dinitrochlorobenzene. AB - Guinea pigs fed dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in corn oil become unresponsive tosensitization by later percutaneous applications of DNCB in olive oil. Sera taken from animals after feeding DNCB or after feeding and intradermal stimulation with DNCB contained no antibody detectable with 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-labeled T4 bacteriophage; if any antibody was present, its concentration was below 2 mu g/ml. Guinea pigs fed DNCB and then immunized with DNP on a foreign carrier, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), produced as much antibody 16 to 18 days later as did animals which had only been sensitized by intradermal injection of DNCB in phosphate-buffered saline and then immunized with DNP-KLH. The amount of antibody produced to DNP-KLH WAS MEASURED AT INTERVALS. In the fed animals, the titer either remained approximately the same or increased with time. In contrast, the sera of sensitized guinea pigs contained a decreasing antibody titer when the first and last bleedings were compared. Isoelectric focusing was carried out with sera from DNP-KLH-immunized animals after the sera were first mixed with a radiolabeled hapten. The antibody-hapten profiles revealed that the DNCB-fed animalss contained predominatly IgG2 in their serum by the time of their initial bleedings, whereas sensitized animals still contained a considerable proportion of more acidic antibodies having marked charge heterogeneity. Equilibrium dialysis measurements onpurified antibody from fed animals indicated an average binding affinity for hapten equivalent to that of purified antibody from sensitized animals. Feeding of DNCB did not cause any obvious decrease in the number of lymphoid cells able to bind 125I-labeled guinea pig IgG. Lack of reduction of the average binding affinity coupled with the retention of antigen binding lymphoid cells, permit the conclusion that feeding DNCB to guinea pigs under the conditions used did not induce an unresponsiveness or a deletion of those cells which have the potential to produce anti-DNP antibody. Thus, feeding of guinea pigs with DNCB in oil seems to induce a central tolerance at the T cell level with adversely affecting their B lymphocytes. The antibody response obtained by immunization with DNP conjugated to a foreign carrier is not only quantitatively equivalent to that obtained in control animals but qualitatively it appeared to be more mature with respect to charge at a relatively early time (16 to 18 days. Since the antibody levels in serum from fed animals increased or remained approximately constant with time instead of waning as occurred in the DNCB-sensitized animals, feeding or sensitization with DNCB may also have affected some cell or cell product important in the regulation of antibody production. PMID- 1112983 TI - Phenotypic correction of low reagin production: a genetic defect in the SJL mouse. PMID- 1112984 TI - Specific stimulatory and cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes sensitized in vitro to either alloantigens or tumor antigens. AB - Lymph node cells (LNC) or spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice were sensitized in vitro by co-cultivation with mitomycin C-treated allogeneic sarcoma cells, and their reactivity measured with a microcytotoxicity assay. Following 5 days of sensitization, a specific cytotoxic effect against tumor cells carrying the sensitizing alloantigens was observed; this is in agreement with previously published findings. Lymphoid cells tested after 3 days of sensitization, however, specifically increased the number of target cells remaining in the Microtest plates at the conclusion of the microcytotoxicity assays. LNC from normal BALB/c mice were also sensitized in vitro against tumor specific antigens using four different methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas of BALB/c origin. After 6 days of sensitization the LNC were specifically cytotoxic for the immunizing tumor cell line. After 3 days of sensitization, however, the LNC gave a specific increase of the number of remaining target tumor cells. PMID- 1112985 TI - Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity: modulation by the cytochalasins and microtubule disruptive agents. AB - Cytochalasin B was shown to inhibit lysis of antibody-coated target cells by effector cells from rabbit spleen and lymph node. The inhibitory activity was dose-dependent and reversible. At low concentrations of cytochalasin B (0.15 to 0.3 mug/ml) enhancement of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity was observed. The drug appeared to act at an early stage of the lytic pathway after effector cell-target cell interaction, but before triggering of the cytotoxic event. Cytochalasin A was shown to be a more potent but similarly reversible inhibitor of antibody dependent cytotoxicity. No enhancement of cytotoxicity was seen at non-inhibitory concentrations of cytochalasin A. The microtubule-disruptive agents colchicine (10-4 M), vinblastine (10-5 M) and colcemid (10-6 M) did not influence antibody dependent cytotoxicity at concentrations which were not toxic to the effector cells. Our results suggest that antibody-dependent cytotoxicity is a surface membrane-initiated process and microtubule-associated functions are not essential. PMID- 1112986 TI - Macrophage heterogeneity in receptor activity: the activation of macrophage Fc receptor function in vivo and in vitro. AB - The Fc receptor activity of single macrophages and of distinct macrophage populations was examined in terms of cellular avidity for IgG antibody by using a rosette assay which permits characterization of receptor activity at the cellular level and quantitation of any changes in such receptor activity. Marked heterogeneity was shown to exist within normal populations of macrophages. Both normal peritoneal and alveolar macrophage populations exhibit a normal or logistic distribution of cellular avidities for IgG antibody. The mean avidity of the peritoneal population, however, was found to be approximately 3 times greater than that of the alveolar population. Moreover, alveolar macrophages possess a range of cellular avidities 3 times greater than that of peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of normal unstimulated peritoneal macrophages and induced inflammatory exudate macrophages revealed a 6-fold increase in the proportion of high avidity cells in the latter population. Normal peritoneal and normal alveolar macrophages were shown to undergo a striking increase in Fc receptor activity in vitro. Under certain conditions of culture these cells acquire the antibody-binding capacity characteristic of high avidity cells in the inflammatory exudate population. Fresh guinea pig serum was shown to prevent this activation of Fc receptor function in vitro. Aged guinea pig serum was somewhat less effective. The serum factor(s) responsible appears to be consumed or exhausted in some way by macrophages. It is heat stable and has a molecular weight of less than 100,000 daltons. Serum IgF was found not to be involved in the effects of fresh serum on receptor activation in vitro. The activation of Fc receptor function described here may facilitate both the presentation of antigen to specific T lymphocytes and the antibody dependent killing of tumor cells by macrophages. Changes in receptor activity of the kind described may thus play an important regulatory role in the induction of an immune response and in the effector mechanisms of immunologic surveillance. PMID- 1112987 TI - The transfer of tolerance to DNCB-contact sensitivity in guinea pigs by parabiosis. AB - Normal guinea pigs parabiosed for 10 days with guinea pigs tolerant to DNCB contact sensitivity became completely and permanently unresponsive when sensitized after parabiosis lasting 10 days and partially tolerant when sensitized after parabiosis lasting 2 days. On the other hand, tolerant parabionts became hypersensitive when parabiosed with normal partners which had been sensitized on the day of the operation or before the parabiosis was effected. From these results it is concluded that tolerance to DNCB-contact sensitivity in guinea pigs is a positive phenomenon affecting the afferent branch of the immune response. PMID- 1112988 TI - Indiana's medical liability problem. PMID- 1112989 TI - This practice will be closed after May 31. PMID- 1112990 TI - Malpractice. See it as it is......it is sick! PMID- 1112991 TI - Patients' Compensation Act. PMID- 1112992 TI - President's page. PMID- 1112993 TI - An unusual case of ureterovaginal fistula treated with transuretero-ureterostomy. PMID- 1112994 TI - Acute otitis media - diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1112995 TI - Proposed guidelines for pediatric office emergency equipment. PMID- 1112996 TI - Ventricular parasystole. PMID- 1112997 TI - The effect of temperature upon Tipula iridescent virus infection in Tipula oleracea. PMID- 1112998 TI - The use of ethylene oxide to inactivate insect viruses in insectaries. PMID- 1113000 TI - Viruslike particles in Gyratrix hermaphroditus. PMID- 1112999 TI - Effect of ultraviolet and gamma rays on the activity of delta-endotoxin protein crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis. PMID- 1113001 TI - Emergency medical service. PMID- 1113002 TI - On national health insurance. PMID- 1113003 TI - Respiratory distress syndrome. Antenatal steroid therapy in premature twins. PMID- 1113004 TI - Pediatric nurse associate. A new dimension in pediatric cardiology. PMID- 1113005 TI - Digitalis levels. Management of the digitalized patient. PMID- 1113006 TI - Peritoneal dialysis. Treatment of chronic renal failure. PMID- 1113007 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome: an approach for Kansas physicians. PMID- 1113008 TI - Pediatric--pulmonary embolism: thrombophlebitis in a child. PMID- 1113009 TI - Kansas breast study: a progress report. PMID- 1113010 TI - Guest editorial: The rights of human beings participating as subjects in biochemical research. PMID- 1113011 TI - The effect of oral contraceptives on folate metabolism. III. Plasma clearance and urinary folate excretion. AB - The plasma clearance of folic acid (PGA) and urinary excretion of folates were determined in women on oral contraceptives and in control subjects. The initial phase of plasma clearance of PGA (first 5 minutes) was much faster in oral contraceptive users than in the controls, but the subsequent rate of clearance was the same in the two groups. There was a good correlation between the 12-hour urinary folate excretion and serum or red cell folate in both groups. The women on oral contraceptives excreted more folate in their urine for any given level of serum or red cell folate. The increased urinary folate excretion may partly explain the lower serum and red cell folate in oral contraceptive users. PMID- 1113012 TI - Production of hydrogen peroxide by phagocytizing human granulocytes. AB - A rapid and sensitive method is described for the quantitative determination of H202 produced by phagocytizing human granulocytes. For this purpose, the method of Keston and Brandt was mechanized, which is based on the oxidation of nonfluorescent leukociacetyl-2,7-dichlorofluorescein to a fluorescent compound by H202 in the presence of peroxidase. The optimal conditions for this test were determined. H202 in water can be measured in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 muM, with a standard deviation of 1.2 per cent at 0.4 muM (n = 1-). The production of H2O2 by phagocytizing granulocytes could only be measured in a medium which contained phosphate-buffered salt, albumin, glucose, NaN3, and IgG-coated latex particles. The fluorescence signal was catalase-sensitive. Of known amounts of H202, added to this medium, 97 per cent were recovered. Under optimal conditions we found a H2O2 production of 970 plus or minus 170 mumoles per 10-10 cells per hour (10 different healthy donors), corresponding to 50 to 70 per cent of the observed increase in O2 consumption. No H2O2 was produced by phagocytizing granulocytes from 2 patients with chronic granulomatous disease, while intermediate values were found in the cells from heterozygotes. PMID- 1113013 TI - Cobalt excretion test as index of iron absorption and diagnostic test for iron deficiency. AB - A cobalt excretion test was performed in 50 patients with various, mainly hematologic, disorders and was found to be an accurate and easily obtainable index of iron absorption. The test was found to be of very limited value in predicting iron stores. The cobalt excretion test may have some usefulness as a simple, apparently safe, noninvasive test for identification of persons with iron depletion resulting from uncomplicated blood loss. However, in more complex circumstances, it fails to differentiate iron deficiency anemia from anemia due to other causes. PMID- 1113014 TI - Nitrogen metabolism in the perfused cirrhotic liver of the rat. AB - The isolated perfused liver of the cirrhotic rat produces greater quantities of ammonia from endogenous sources or from added alanine than do control livers. It also fails to take up ammonia. In these cirrhotic livers ethanol increases ammonia production in the presence of alanine. When cirrhotic rats had received a normal diet for 10 days before perfusion, the output of ammonia from endogenous sources and from added alanine is partially restored to normal. The addition of ethanol in the presence of alanine to the perfusate of these cirrhotic livers then results in an increased rate of production of glutamine rather than of ammonia. A normal diet given these cirrhotic animals restores the uptake of ammonia to that seen in the control animals but, unlike the normal animals, the addition of ornithine increases neither the uptake of ammonia nor the output of urea. In the normal animals this effect of ornithine on the uptake of ammonia is abolished by ethanol. It is concluded that cirrhotic rat liver is a source of endogenous ammonia and that the magnitude of that contribution is modified by diet and by ethanol. PMID- 1113015 TI - Hereditary orotic aciduria: results of a screening survey. AB - Urine from 1,358 mentally retarded subjects was screened for the presence of elevated concentrations of orotic acid and orotidine. This survey was conducted in search of occult variants of hereditary orotic aciduria which might be associated with mental retardation. Although no homozygous variants were detected, 9 subjects with persistently abnormal urinary screening tests were discovered. Assays of erythrocyte orotidylate decarboxylase and phosphoribosyltransferase enzymes showed deficient activities for 2 of these subjects typically found in red cells of persons heterozygous for hereditary orotic aciduria. The same studies were conducted on urine and blood samples from the families of the affected subjects, and additional family members were also found to be affected. Detection of two unrelated heterozygotes among so small a screened population suggests, as previously noted, a higher frequency of the abnormal gene than that indicated by the extreme rarity of the homozygous condition. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the urinary screening test mass surveys and indicates the need for further study of the prevalence of the mutant gene. PMID- 1113016 TI - Glomerulotubular relationships in glomerulonephritis. AB - Clearance techniques were employed to examine glomerulotubular relationships in a model of chronic glomerulonephritis in the rat. Clearance ratios were found to be equal in both kidneys in the same animals, indicating that the nephron population was functioning in a homogeneous manner. Glucose titration curves were normal and this finding also indicates that glomerulotubular relationships were intact for the composite nephron population. In contrast to models of chronic renal disease with nonglomerular lesions, nephron filtration rate was reduced in these animals. However, the animals still exhibited a capacity to respond to contralateral nephrectomy by increasing filtration rate in the residual nephrons. PMID- 1113017 TI - A time-dependent increase in the responsiveness of platelet-rich plasma to epinephrine. AB - The variable responsiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to epinephrine and collagen was studied. These studies revealed that as PRP is allowed to stand at room temperature it becomes progressively more responsive to the aggregating effects of epinephrine and collagen. Samples of PRP obtained from 10 normal subjects showed only 8 plus or minus 8 per cent aggregation when tested after 5 minutes with "near threshold" concentrations of epinephrine. After 45 minutes the addition of the same concentrations of epinephrine to portions taken from the same samples of PRP yielded 72 plus or minus 12 per cent aggregation. Although similar results were obtained with "near threshold" concentrations of collagen, the variability of responsiveness to collagen could be easily overcome by increasing the collagen concentration. Such was not the case with epinephrine, and, a time-dependent acquisition of responsiveness was demonstrable over a broad range of epinephrine concentration. These findings suggest that variations in the amount of platelet aggregation observed with epinephrine may be a reflection of differences in the time factor involved in testing. This time factor should be taken into account before epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation curves are compared and defined as "normal" or "abnormal". PMID- 1113018 TI - Antagonism between chloramphenicol and penicillin in streptococcal endocarditis in rabbits. AB - Antagonism between chloramphenicol (CHL) and penicillin (PCH) was studied in rabbits with Streptococcus viridans endocarditis. PCN alone or preceded 1 hour by CHL was injected twice a day starting 6 hours or 3 days after infection. In animals treated 6 hours after infection, vegetations contained mean log colony forming units (CFU):3.0 per gram in PCN animals and 3.7 in PCN + CHL animals (P greater than 0.05) after 24 hours of treatment and 2.4 in PCN animals and 4.3 in PCN + CHL animals (P greater than 0.01) after 48 hours. In animlas treated 3 days after infection, vegetations contained mean log CFU: 3.8 per gram in PCN animals and 5.2 in PCN + CHL animals (P greater than 0.01) after 72 hours of treatment and 1.7 in PCN animals and 2.5 in PCH + CHL animals (P greater than 0.05) after 5 days. The antibiotic antagonism demonstrated in these studies could be reduced by injecting CHL 1 hour after PCN instead of 1 hour before PCN. PMID- 1113019 TI - Concurrent separation of plasma and of viable blood cells. AB - Fractions of viable, morphologically intact erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets were isolated concurrently with plasma from single samples of human blood. The four compartments were separated immediately after the collection of blood as well as at different times up to 120 minutes after the drawing. In addition, the cellular separation was applied at various intervals after the initial removal of plasma. All steps of the procedure were carried out at room temperature using simple laboratory equipment. The cross-contamination of the cellular fractions, obtained in yields ranging from 33 per cent to 69 percent was less than 5 per cent. More than 96 per cent of the isolated cells excluded trypan blue and retained lactate dehydrogenase. Regardless of the conditions of separation, the cellular contents of potassium in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets were constant, averaging 270, 387, and 209 nEq. per milligram of protein, respectively. The isolated cells also maintained high ratios of cellular K+/Na+, except after their delayed isolation following the initial separation of plasma. Under the latter conditions, the cells were characterized by a gain in cellular sodium despite an unchanged content of potassium. The separation procedure was routinely applied to 5 to 10 ml. samples of blood, obtained from randomly selected volunteer subjects. PMID- 1113020 TI - Chromophobe adenomas of pituitary gland. PMID- 1113021 TI - A case of meningitis admitted as schizophrenia. PMID- 1113022 TI - Pleural thickening simulating intrathoracic tumor--case report. PMID- 1113023 TI - Grand rounds: Laryngotracheal trauma. PMID- 1113025 TI - Editorial: Prescription problems. PMID- 1113024 TI - From the files of the KMA Maternal Mortality Study Committee. PMID- 1113026 TI - Labyrinthine window rupture. AB - Some cases of sensorineural deafness are due to labyrinthine window rupture. Three cases have been presented to illustrate different aspects of diagnosis and managment of this condition. The indications for surgical intervention have been discussed. The importance of making the diagnosis is that operation can relieve vertigo and restore the hearing. PMID- 1113027 TI - Water intoxication after hypophysectomy. AB - A case of excessive water retention after hypophysectomy is recorded. Its probable cause, inappropriate secretion of ADH, is explained and the diagnosis and management discussed. Three other recorded cases occurring after hypophyseal surgery are mentioned. The importance of postoperative electrolyte measurements in early diagnosis and management is emphasized. PMID- 1113028 TI - Plasmacytoma of middle ear and upper respiratory tract. AB - The first case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of middle ear is reported. One case of plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity alone and another of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus have also been described. Some of the problems in diagnosis and management have been discussed. PMID- 1113029 TI - Arterial epistaxis. AB - If arterial ligation is contemplated and the site of bleeding has not been identified it is reasonable to ligate the external carotid or maxillary artery, on the basis that this vessel supplies the major part of the nose. If bleeding persists in spite of ligation, this does not mean that the wrong vessel has been tied off but that arterial anastomoses are allowing blood to seep from the ethmoidal to the sphenopalatine area of the nose. If the anterior ethmoidal artery is to be ligated it is worth remembering that in 14-3 per cent of cases the anterior ethmoidal artery is absent unilaterally and in 2-4 per cent of cases absent bilaterally (Shaheen, 1967). The presence of a foramen with a periosteal cuff going through it does not necessarily mean that there is an artery present (Fig. 23). Finally, the blood vessel changes which occur and which are responisble for the persistence of nose bleeds in the elderly are a collagenous change in the muscle coat of medium and small arteries and calcification (not atheroma) in the larger feeding vessels. PMID- 1113030 TI - Surgical anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa. AB - The pterygopalatine fossa is the distribution centre for the main vessels and nerves of the middle third of the face. Its surgical anatomy is discussed, with particular emphasis on the relationship between the medical plate of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the vertical plate of the palatine bone; the position of the several foramina is reviewed also. It is stressed that the vascular contents of the pterygopalatine fossa lie in a coronal plane, anterior to the neural contents. Finally, a short review is given of the different surgical approaches to the pterygopalatine fossa. It is concluded that the transantral approach to the fossa, as originally described by Carnochan (1858), still seems to be the best way to gain access to this space. PMID- 1113031 TI - Eustachian tubal function: changes throughout childhood and neuro-muscular control. AB - The anatomy of the cartilaginous Eustachian tube is the key to function and malfunctions. Serial sections of the tube at various ages show that there are very considerable anatomical changes throughout childhood during which period the tensor palati is the muscle of prime importance. It is suggested that both tensor palati and tensor tympani are functionally tubal muscles and might, perhaps, be termed "extrinsic muscles of the ear". Together they largely control tubal opening. Some clinical implications may be drawn from these anatomical observations. PMID- 1113032 TI - Eustachian tube function in Meniere's disease. PMID- 1113033 TI - Environmental factors in glue ear. AB - A survey of school children suffering from chronic secretory otitis media over an eight-year period compares the incidence in a city area and country area and various areas within the city. A factor in the causation of the condition appears to be poor living conditions and air pollution. An increase in the incidence occurred in both areas following a winter in which there was an exceptional incidence of influenza. PMID- 1113034 TI - Study of the human internal auditory canal in relation to age and sex. AB - The relation of the dimensions and shape of the normal internal auditory canal with age and sex have been studied statisically on 242 paired human ears. With this study the investigation of the human internal auditory canal has been completed as regards its dimensions, shape and volume and their relation to age and sex. PMID- 1113035 TI - A surgical approach for a cochlear implant: an anatomical study. AB - This study has demonstrated the anatomical relations of the cochlea to structures in the medial wall of the tympanum, and has shown that surgical access can be obtained to the terminal auditory nerve fibres supplying the basal, middle and apical turns of the cochlea. It is suggested that a cochlear implantation should be carried out in two stages. The first stage should be modified radical mastoidectomy, and in the second stage electrode arrays should be implanted into the three cochlear turns through openings made in the proximal and distal portions of the basal turn, and the distal portion of the middle turn. PMID- 1113036 TI - Viverrid neuroanatomy: Phylogenetic and behavioral implications. PMID- 1113037 TI - Neonatal vocalizations in bats of eight genera. PMID- 1113038 TI - Reproductive performance of white-tailed deer in Iowa. PMID- 1113039 TI - Aspects of aging, growth, and reproduciton of bobcats from Wyoming. PMID- 1113040 TI - Entrainment of circannual rhythm in weight of woodchucks. PMID- 1113041 TI - Dental ontogeny and adaptation in Diphylla ecaudata. PMID- 1113042 TI - Confirmation of the echolocation pulse production mechanism of Rousettus. PMID- 1113043 TI - The copulatory behavior of Microtus agrestis. PMID- 1113044 TI - Sexual dimorphism in the mandibles and canine teeth of the northern elephant seal. PMID- 1113046 TI - Food transit time in Myotis lucifugus Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae. PMID- 1113045 TI - Papillae and galactophore numbers in mammae of Cricetus auratus, Meriones unguiculatus, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, and Chinchilla laniger. PMID- 1113047 TI - Individual and sexual variation in Vampyressa bidens. PMID- 1113048 TI - Dental annulation in the American badger. PMID- 1113049 TI - Karyotype of the beach vole, Microtus breweri, an endemic island species. PMID- 1113050 TI - Formation, function, and persistence of the corpora lutea of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana. PMID- 1113051 TI - Weights, growth, and survival of timber wolf pups in Minnesota. PMID- 1113052 TI - Blood analyses of wolf pups and their ecological and metabolic interpretation. PMID- 1113053 TI - Psychiatric needs of Georgia prisoners. PMID- 1113054 TI - A disappearing colon tumor. PMID- 1113055 TI - Certificate of need. PMID- 1113056 TI - Some problems in esophageal speech training. PMID- 1113057 TI - Pyruvate kinase activity in various blood cells of Thais and other ethnic subjects: A preliminary study. PMID- 1113058 TI - Electrophoresis of human serum with polyacrylamide gradient gel slabs. PMID- 1113059 TI - Effects of crude decidual extract of human toxemia of pregnancy on rabbits: A preliminary study. PMID- 1113060 TI - Pulmonary sequestration. PMID- 1113061 TI - Fatal bleeding in congenital hypoproconvertinemia--A case report. PMID- 1113062 TI - Study on body temperature after surgical trauma. PMID- 1113063 TI - Genetic control of macrophage functions. I. Polygenic regulation of phagocytosis stimulation produced by Glyceryl Trioleate. AB - The phagocytic index K, established from the rate of blood clearance of colloidal carbon, measures the phagocytic activity of RE macrophages in contact with the circulating blood. The intravenous injection of glyceryl trioleate (triolein) produces a marked stimulation of the phagocytic activity of RE macrophages. This response is higher in the female than in the male mice. The phenotypic character "responsiveness of macrophage to triolein" presents large individual variants in population of random bred albinos mice. This character is submitted to polygenic regulation. Starting from a foundation population of 25 males and 25 females random bred albinos, mice, two lines were separated by selective breeding for the character "responsiveness to triolein": a "high" responder line, KTH, and a "low" responder line, KTL. After 26 consecutive generations of selective breeding, KTH mice present a very high response to triolein while KTL mice are almost irresponsive. The heritability of this character (h2) calculated from the interline divergence is of 12% plus or minus 1. This value of h2 indicates that the character investigated is determined by the cumulative effect of a group of about 27 independently segregating loci. The distribution of the character in (KTH plus KTL)F1 and their backcrosses with parental lines suggests that low responsiveness is dominant over high responsiveness. The genetic regulation of responsiveness to triolein is independent from the dose administered. These results are discussed in relation to the importance of genetic factors controlling macrophage functions involved in lipid metabolism and in the specific mechanisms of immunity. PMID- 1113064 TI - Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis mediated by cartilage. AB - Capillary proliferation induced by tumor is shown to be inhibited by neonatal scapular cartilage. Using the rabbit cornea as an assay, the cartilage implant decreased the rate of capillary growth, induced by tumor, by an average of 75%. Vascularization was prevented completely in 28% of tumors. The inhibitory effect of small cartilage implants operates over distances of up to 2.0 mm and displays a gradient from the cartilage source. The experiments suggest that the cartilage inhibitor does not antagonize tumor angiogenesis factor, but appears to inhibit capillary proliferation directly. The inhibitory material does not elicit an inflammatory response in either the rabbit cornea or in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Thus with further purification, it may prove useful as a means of maintining tumor dormancy by "antiangiogenesis." PMID- 1113065 TI - Assessment in vitro of immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Studies have been made on humoral and cellular immune respones in mice immunized with an attenuated strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Heat-inactivated antitoxoplasma serum did not cause morphologic changes in the organisms, but did markedly influence their interactions with host cells. Toxoplasma exposed to antibody were no longer capable of entering fibroblasts or HeLa cells. They were readily engulfed by macrophages, but the antibody treatment strikingly altered the intracellular fate of the parasites leading to killing and digestion of the toxoplasmas in phagolysosomes. Addition of antitoxoplasma antibody immediately after infection of macrophages in vitro had no effect on intracellular multiplication of the organism. The division time of virulent toxoplasmas in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was markedly prolonged in cells from immunized mice. During the first 2-3 mo after immunization, the macrophages harvested from the peritoneal cavity demonstrated this cellular immunity directly; thereafter exposure of the macrophages to immune lymphocytes and toxoplasma antigen, or to supernates from such an interaction was required for induction of the maximal capacity to inhibit growth of toxoplasmas. Induction of the alternation in macrophages by the lymphocyte product was detectable in 6 h and maximal at 18-24 h. Cultivation in vitro of macrophages from immunized animals for periods longer than 48 h rendered the cells nonresponsive to the immune lymphocyte-toxoplasma product. Macrophages from the peritoneal cavities of normal, nonimmunized mice were also incapable of developing the capacity to inhibit growth of toxoplasmas in response to this product. The nonresponsiveness of normal macrophages, or of macrophages cultured for several days in vitro was not changed by exposure of the cells to antitoxoplasma serum. PMID- 1113066 TI - Interaction of soluble fibroblast surface antigen with fribrinogen and fibrin. AB - A cell-type specific glycoprotein antigen (SFA) from fibroblast surface appears in human plasma and serum. The amount of SFA in serum was reduced if the blood coagulation clot was removed at a low temperature. SFA could be bound to Sepharose-conjugated fibrinogen and to fibrin powder at 0 degrees C and was subsequently released when the temperature was elevated to plus 37 degrees C. This procedure resulted in a 10-fold enrichment of SFA relative to other serum proteins. SFA was found to be concentrated in the cryoprecipitate fraction of human plasma and was copurified with the cold insoluble globulin (CIG) with procedures published for the purification of the latter component. SFA/CIG is not soluble at low temperatures as such and its appearance in the cryoprecipitate fraction of plasma is likely to be due to its affinity to cryofibrinogen evident from these experiments. The biological significance of the interaction of fibroblast surface SFA moleculres with fibrin(ogen) is not known. PMID- 1113067 TI - Genetic linkage between serum levels of the third component of complement and the H-2 complex. AB - AKR/J (H-2kk) mice have higher serum C3 levels than DBA/2J (H-2dd). The F1 hybrids have intermediate levels. Analysis of the progeny of backcrosses at 21 days of age shows that C3 levels in mice of H-2dk type are significantly higher than those with H-2dd type and lower than those with H-2kk type. In addition, mice of H-2kk, H-2dk, and H-2dd types have C3 levels not significantly different from those of AKR/J, AKD2F1, and DBA/2J respectively. These findings demonstrate linkage between a gene controlling C3 levels and the H-2 complex. PMID- 1113068 TI - The differential effects of prenatal and postnatal audiogenic stress on fluctuating dental asymmetry. AB - Audiogenic stress has been shown to have an effect on the development of molar teeth. The present study demonstrates the relative contribution of prenatal and postnatal stress components to increases in fluctuating dental asymmetry in the laboratory rat. It is shown that there is a limit to the amount of change which can be environmentally induced and that if this limit is reached with prenatal stress, postnatal stress will have no significant effect. Audiogenic stress is shown to effect differentially mandibular and maxillary first molars. Length is stable for the maxillary dentition and width is stable in the mandibular molars. PMID- 1113069 TI - Sperm release evoked by electrical stimulation of the fish brain: a functional anatomical study. AB - Acute brain stimulation experiments were carried out in anesthetized male green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus. Semen discharge was evoked consistently by low level electrical stimulation (100 muA or less) in the following areas: the preoptic region, dorsal hypothalamus, thalamus, midbrain tegmentum and the basolateral midbrain and medulla. Areas which were stimulated repeatedly at 100 muA and were always negative for sperm release included: the telencephalon with the exception of the preoptic region, the optic tectum, the cerebellum, the inferior lobe of the hypothalamus, the nucleus rotundus and the dorsal medulla. Removal of most of the optic tectum and cerebellum failed to block reponses evoked from the preoptic area; however, they were usually eliminated by transecting the rostral spinal cord. Electrical stimulation of an isolated 4 mm segment of spinal cord located at the third vertebral level resulted in sperm release, indicating that adequate mechanisms for semen discharge are present within the upper spinal cord. The results of this study suggest that a sperm release system in the green sunfish extends from the preoptic area to the spinal cord passing through the hypothalamus, midbrain tegmentum and basal midbrain and medulla. PMID- 1113070 TI - The role of a normal lens in Wolffian lens regeneration. AB - The mid-ventral third of the iris was excised from 61 adult Notophthalmus viridescens hosts, and the mid-dorsal third of the iris from donor eyes was implanted in its place. After the iris healed and the host lens was removed, two lens regenerates developed, one from the host and one from the transplanted iris. The host regenerate was removed 53-91 days after the first lentectomy. Animals were sacrificed 1-40 days after the second lentectomy. A lens developed from the host dorsal iris IN THE PRESENCE OF A NORMAL REGENERATED LENS IN 75% OF THE CASES. A large space was present between the transplant derived lens and host iris for approximately 20 days after the removal of the host lens at lentectomy 2. Stimulatory factor(s) from the neural retina could reach the competent iris through this space, inducing it to regenerate a lens. Therefore, contact between the normal lens and iris probably acts to prevent lens regeneration. In other experiments, variable amounts of neural retina from either adult or larval donors were implanted into the anterior chamber of adult newt eyes in which the lens, iris and neural retina remained in their normal relationships. Implants also contained dorsal iris, ventral iris, or no iris at all. Competent iris tissue, stimulated by the implanted retina, showed only early stages of lens regeneration, but larval retina effected a greater response than adult retina. This limited response may result from the small amount of retina in the implant, a deficiency in retinal stimulus, or a competition for the retinal factor(s) by competent iris tissues. PMID- 1113071 TI - Synthesis of soluble protein in oocytes of Xenopus laevis. AB - Oocytes of five stages of development were isolated from ovaries of Xenopus laevis and allowed to take up radioactive amino acids. After six hours of labeling the amount of label incorporated into perchloric acid precipitable material from the soluble oocyte fraction and the specific activity of the label free pool was determined. From these figures an estimate of the rate of protein synthesis was calculated. Labeled soluble protein from each oocyte stage was analyzed by electrophoresis on SDS polyacrylamide gels. The gel was dried and autoradiographed to determine the qualitative pattern of soluble protein synthesis during various stages of oogenesis. Our results indicate that no significant differences exist in the rate of protein synthesis among any of the stages of oogenesis investigated. The qualitative pattern of soluble protein synthesized during the labeling period is similar among the oocyte stages. Moreover, this qualitative pattern of soluble protein synthesis is the same as the pattern of soluble protein accumulated up to that time during oogenesis. These results suggest a stable synthesis and accumulation of maternal protein products during Xenopus oogenesis, in marked contrast to the results that have been reported for RNA synthesis during oogenesis in Xenopus. Our results are discussed in terms of the present understanding of the process of maternal information accumulation. PMID- 1113072 TI - The effects of castration on song development in zebra finches (Poephila guttata). AB - It has been suggested that the learning processes which occur during the critical period for bird song development are dependent on adrogens. Castration of male zebra finches (Poephila guttata, Estrildidae) at ages 9-17 days did not prevent song development, and normal learning occurred after the time of castration. Thus the learning processes of song development occur in the absence of gonadal androgens. Castrates tended to develop song more slowly than normals, which is potentially attributable to a decreased rate of singing in the castrates, or to a direct effect of androgen on the learning processes. PMID- 1113073 TI - The quantitative role of hemocyanin in aerobic respiration of limulus polyphemus. AB - Measurements of the total oxygen content of post- and prebranchial blood in Limulus polyphemus indicate that hemocyanin transports less than half of the oxygen consumed in water but almost 90% in air. Half of the increase in hemocyanin function during air exposure is due to the occurrence of a reverse Bohr effect. PMID- 1113074 TI - Initiation factor distribution in Xenopus laevis eggs. AB - The distribution of activity similar to that of one of the initiation factors (IF2) was determined as a function of developmental stage in Xenopus laeviseggs and embryos. In vivo exposure of mature oocytes to hormone increases the total amount of detectable factor activity and facilitates the binding of IF2-like factor to ribosomes. The quality of factor bound is not correlated with polysome content. PMID- 1113075 TI - Immunological immobilization of detached rabbit sperm tails. AB - Motile rabbit sperm tails that lack heads are immobilized by antibody plus complement. Accordingly, immunological immobilization may not necessarily require the extensive sperm acrosomal damage previously reported in immobilized normal sperm. PMID- 1113076 TI - The rapid serological diagnosis of fish furunculosis caused by "smooth" and "rough" strains of Aeromonas salmonicida. PMID- 1113077 TI - Stimulation of the differential rate of exoenzyme formation in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by streptolydigin, an inhibitor of RNA chain elongation. PMID- 1113078 TI - A maximal predictive classification of Klebsielleae and of the yeasts. AB - The concepts of the numerical method of maximal predictive classification are illustrated with classifications of 13 species of enterobacteria and of 434 species of yeast. The method seeks to classify into a specified number of classes (k) such that more correct statements can be made about the constituent members than with any other classification. The best choice of k relates to the separation of the classes as measured by the average number of correct statements made for an individual assigned to a class to which it does not belong. The maximal predictive classifications are compared with previous classifications of the two groups, which seem to be poor predictively (in terms of the characters considered in this study). The results suggest that taxonomists may be more concerned with maximizing class separation rather than with prediction, but many more groups of organisms would need similar study before this view could be held with confidence. PMID- 1113079 TI - The effect of cytochalasin B on hyphal morphogenesis in Polyporus biennis. AB - Cytochalasin B inhibited the radial growth rate of Polyporus biennis, and caused an increase in hyphal density through a reduction in the distance between successive branches. Cytochalasin B also produced irregular hyphal profiles and, in a small percentage of hyphae, forked apices. The position of clamp connexions was little affected by cytochalasin B, but the developmental process was specifically inhibited during initiation and during the last two stages, when contact and dissolution of the clamp were occurring. There were no major disruptions of the ultrastructure of the dolipore/parenthesome septum caused by cytochalasin B treatment. PMID- 1113080 TI - Attempts to induce tumours with nucleic acid preparations from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - Nucleic acid preparations from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith & Townsend) Conn. have been tested for tumorigenic activity on a number of bioassay systems including carrot root explants, sunflower and tobacco stem segments, callus cultures of sunflower, tobacco and carrot, and sunflower stems. The methods used to isolate and test the DNA included those which have been reported to be successful for the induction of tumours. Strict precautions were taken to ensure that the DNA samples used in the tests were free of viable bacterial cells. In the large number of tests carried out under various experimental conditions there was no evidence for the induction of tumours with bacterial DNA. PMID- 1113081 TI - Studies on the physiological significance of the lack of a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in Hyphomicrobium sp. AB - Hyphomicrobium X was grown in media containing either methanol or ethanol as a carbon and energy source, with or without additional organic carbon sources. The organism transported pyruvate, malate and succinate into the cells, and incorporated their carbon skeletons into cellular material, but when each of these compounds was added as sole carbon and energy source none supported growth of the organism. Enzymic analysis of crude cell-free extracts failed to detect either a complete pyruvate dehydrogenase complex or an active E1 component. Furthermore, oxygen uptake experiments with whole cell suspensions did not show any oxidation of pyruvate, succinate or malate. The distribution of radioactivity amongst the amino acids in hydrolysates of cell protein obtained from organisms grown in the presence of [14C]pyruvate, [14C]acetate or [14C]succinate indicated that the organism is limited in its ability to metabolize pyruvate. Growth in the presence of [14C]pyruvate resulted in 93% of the total radioactivity recovered being associated with amino acids derived directly from pyruvate. In contrast, growth in the presence of [14C]acetate or [14C]succinate resulted in more-or-less uniform labelling of all biogenic classes of amino acids. These results are consistent with the lack of an active pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which would make it impossible for Hyphomicrobium X to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA and to generate energy from carbon compounds for which the energy metabolism relies on oxidation through tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. PMID- 1113082 TI - Involvement of a recombination repair function in disciplined cell division of Micrococcus radiodurans. AB - When a culture of the temperature-sensitive DNA mutant Micrococcus radiodurans tsI is irradiated with a sublethal dose of ultraviolet or ionizing radiation and is plated immediately, all the bacteria give rise, after 36 h incubation, to colonies identical to those derived from unirradiated bacteria. However, when the irradiated population is held at its restrictive temperature (39 degrees C) (restrictive temperature holding) for 3 h before being plated, less than 0-1% of the surviving bacteria give rise to normal colonies, the rest producing, after incubation for 96 h, small malformed colonies. Qualitatively, the same effect is observed when u.v.-irradiated wild-type M. radiodurans is incubated at 39 degrees C in the presence of nalidixic acid before plating. Compared with the loss of viability, the loss of normal colony development as a function of the radiation dose is sensitive, having I/e values of 210 ergs/mm2 for u.v. radiation and of 4 to 5 krad for 60Co gamma-radiation. These are identical to the radiation dose response values of a recombination-deficient mutant of M. radiodurans. At first the abnormal colonies consist entirely of giant bacteria but eventually a few bacteria with normal morphology appear and because of their much faster generation time a highly sectored colony results. These colonies can be "rescued" by plating the irradiated bacteria held at 39 degrees C on agar containing pantoyl lactone, their growth being identical to that of unirradiated bacteria. Abnormal colony development is not a general phenomenon in temperature-sensitive mutants of M. radiodurans but occurs in those mutants which are sensitized to radiation when held at 39 degrees C. It is concluded that these abnormal colonies are produced as a result of a defect in a recombination function and that this function is also involved in the regulation of normal cell division. PMID- 1113083 TI - The influence of emetine on the induction of interferon by poly-I: poly-C in Swiss mice. AB - The effect of emetine on the in vivo production of interferon by Swiss mice stimulated with poly-i: poly-C, was studied. 100 mug of emetine per mouse yielded a 16-fold increase in interferon production. Maximal production of interferon was achieved 2 h after the simultaneous injection of emetine and poly-I: poly-C. PMID- 1113084 TI - The effect of signal probability, food intake, sex, and smoking on gustation, as measured by the theory of signal detection. AB - The possibility of applying Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to gustation was investigated by testing the effect of three variables--smoking, signal probability, and food intake (confounded with time of day)--on the taste sensitivity to sucrose of 24 male and 24 female Ss. No main effects or interactions were significant. The study indicated a "warm-up" effect, while adaptation was questionable. An analysis of false alarm (FA) reports was undertaken and discussed. Correlations were obtained between numerous variables and sensitivity. None of the correlations was statistically significant. It was concluded that although SDT is theoretically applicable to the gustatory modality, it is not practical for large-scale research. PMID- 1113085 TI - The role of perceptual cues in the trapezoid oscillatory illusion. AB - The present experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that binocular disparity functions as a veridical cue, and linear perspective as a nonveridical cue in the perception of a rotating trapezoid. Three trapezoids with proportionately increasing slope were viewed by 10 subjects through viewing screens designed to control the availability of binocular disparity. Monocular and binocular viewing conditions were employed. The dependent variable, proportion of perceived oscillation, was analyzed by a factorial analysis of variance and appropriate post hoc tests. The obtained data indicate that increasing the availability of binocular disparity by increasing viewing screen width favors veridical rotation perception. When the binocular depth cue was attenuated by decreasing viewing screen width, the observer relied on linear perspective, and non-veridical oscillation perception was favored. As linear perspective was increased by increasing trapezoid slope, perceived oscillation increased both monocularly and binocularly. However, for any level of linear perspective, monocular viewing invariabily produced more oscillation than binocular viewing, indicating that monocular depth cues (movement parallax and interposition) were not as effective at neutralizing the illusory perspective effect as the binocular disparity cue. PMID- 1113086 TI - Letter: Magnesium deprivation and seizures in Mongolian gerbils. PMID- 1113087 TI - Visual memory for place on the page. AB - Sixty-four Ss were asked to read a lengthy prose passage and were subsequently tested for (a) information recall, (b) memory for location of information answers; and (c) discrimination of information answers in a multiple-choice (MC) task. In aggrement with previous studies, spatial memory was highly reliable and significantly greater for correct than incorrect information answers. However, the present experiments showed that cueing Ss to a spatial test did not raise the level of spatial recall over that for a noncued group. Further, proportion of both item and spatial recall was found to increase directly with degree of visual memory for location as indexed by a five-point subjective knowledge scale. There was also a general trend for multiple-choice performance ot improve as degree of visual knowledge for an answer's true location increased. It is apparent that visually mediated spatial memory is a fundamental attribute when text material is encoded, and may be of mnemonic worth when retention of information is required. PMID- 1113088 TI - Test of an information-processing model of humor: physiological response changes during problem- and riddle-solving. AB - Heart rate and skin conductance were monitored continuously while subjects heard and responded to seven riddles and seven problems which were structurally similar. Hypotheses based on cognitive problem-solving models of humor were tested by comparing changes occurring during problem solving with those that occurred during "riddle solving". While heart rate tended to accelerate once a riddle or problem was presented and decelerate once the answer or punch line was given, there were significant differences in skin conductance between riddle- and problem-solving responses, suggesting that a purely problem-solving model of humor may be untenable. A test of Berlyne's hypothesis of arousal change and humor appreciation was also made. As predicted, humor appreciation was greatest for those who showed a moderate amount of change. PMID- 1113089 TI - Symptom patterns in depressed patients and depressed normals. AB - The availability of outpatient psychiatric treatment and community social support services has brought increasing numbers of persons with mild depressive symptoms to the attention of clinicians. However, little attention has been directed toward the study of these mild disturbances. A comparison of symptom patterns and clinical course is presented between clinically depressed psychiatric outpatients being treated with amitriptyline (depressed patients) and a group of unhappy and sad women not under psychiatric treatment but coming to a career guidance center (normal depressives). These data support the finding that normal depression is similar in degree to the mood disturbances of clinical depression but is not similar in symptom patterns. Normal depression is characterized by a relative absence of somatic complaints and somatic anxiety. The short term clinical course of drug-treated depressed patients and vocationally assisted unhappy women is quite similar in that both groups improve. This improvement is characterized by a reduction of most symptoms and of the central core of depressed mood. Further research is needed on the frequency, patterns, and course of these mild depressive states to determine their clinical importance and treatment indications. PMID- 1113090 TI - Rapidity of symptom reduction in depressions treated with amitriptyline. AB - A group of depressed women treated with amitriptyline was studied with particular attention to the speed of response in different symptoms of depression and in psychotic as compared to neurotic depressives. The findings showed rapid improvement in suicidal feelings, insomnia, and anorexia, but slower and more gradual improvement in impaired work and interests, retardation and pessimism and hopelessness. Psychotic depressives did not show substantial improvement until the third week of treatment whereas neurotic depressives improved markedly within the first week. It is suggested that the psychotic classification may be more useful as a predictor of speed of response than as a predictor of final treatment outcome. PMID- 1113091 TI - Editorial: the broadening scope of research in depressive disorders. PMID- 1113092 TI - Relative safety of amitriptyline in maintenance treatment of depression. AB - In the course of long term treatment with amitriptyline of 212 depressed women, the patients' somatic complaints were assessed. These somatic complaints included most symptoms generally attributed as being adverse effects of amitriptyline and other tricyclics. The reputed adverse effects were very often reported by patients prior to the initiation of antidepressant medication. Except for reports of dryness of mouth, all somatic complaints were reduced in frequency and intensity during the course of clinical improvement. When patients relapsed, regardless of whether they were or were not on maintenance medication, these somatic complaints returned. Except for dryness of mouth, no relationship between somatic complaints and dosage of amitriptyline was found. Amitriptyline is relatively safe. No espisodes of death, cardiac arrhythmia liver, blood or central nervous system reaction occurred. PMID- 1113093 TI - Participation in therapy. A study of attendance patterns in depressed outpatients. AB - The attendance patterns of 36 predominantly lower class, depressed women receiving outpatient psychotherapy were studied to determine the actual amount and frequency of therapy received in an 8-month period. At the initiation of therapy, the majority of patients expressed either neutral or negative attitudes to therapy. Contrary to the usually held belief that indifferent attitudes to therapy coupled with the patients' low socioeconomic status augured poorly for the patients' continuatioin therapy, we found that the sample studies attended regularly and remained in therapy until the end of the prescribed 8-month period. Missed appointments occurred rarely and were usually preceded by cancellations. The majority of therapy sessions were with patients, but provisions were available for the involvement of spouses and other relatives where indicated. It is suggested that the time-limited nature of therapy, the delineation of stort term, realistically attainable goals, and the vigorous outreach techniques by the therapists may have contributed to the unexpectedly high therapy attendance. PMID- 1113094 TI - Utilization review and suicide attempts. Exploring discrepancies between experts' criteria and clinical practice. AB - The discrepancies between experts' criteria for hospitalization of suicide attempters with actual clinical practice were explored to develop utilization review criteria which reflect current clinical thinking and which could form guidelines for the assessment of clinical care. Experts' criteria predicted that a hospitalized group of suicide attempters did not require hospitalization and that a nonhospitalized group of suicide attempters required hospitalization. Examination of the discrepancies between clinical practice and experts' criteria not only revealed that incorporation of clinical measures of depressive symptomatology could improve the experts' criteria for hospitalization but also showed that clinicians did not hospitalize a group of markedly symptomatic and socially impaired white suicide attempters. Clinician and patient factors that may have contributed to this decision making and the application of these findings for utilization review are discussed. PMID- 1113095 TI - Deprivation in the childhood of depressed women. AB - With recent developments in community psychiatric services, concern with prevention has become an urgent social, as well as medical challenge. Comprehensive investigation into causation must therefore be given systematic emphasis. This paper is an effort toward clarification of etiology, specifically of the depressive disorder, in terms of early childhood experiences. The work is based on social and psychiatric history data collected by experienced psychiatric social workers on two groups of subjects from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Depression Studies under the direction of Allen Raskin, Ph.D, of the NIMH Psychology Research Branch, and a third group of subjects from Boston State Hospital. The hypothesis that childhood deprivation, defined as "the lack, loss or absence of an emotionally sustaining relationship prior to adolescence", has a meaningful association with the occurrence of adult depression was tested in a sample of 347 depressed inpatient women and 114 outpatient women in comparison to 198 normal women used as a control or reference population. The subjects were all Caucasian. Events occurring during childhood that could be considered within the definition of deprivation were documented. Further, subjects were assessed as to depriving childrearing experiences. The findings revealed no association of adult depression with overt childhood loss events, but did provide evidence to support an association of depriving childrearing processes with adult depression. The findings also revealed evidence of a relationship between the degree of the depriving childrearing experience with the severity of the adult illness as measured by hospital status. The results are discussed in relation to findings from other studies of childhood deprivation and psychiatric disorder. PMID- 1113096 TI - Effect of colchicine on the delayed appearance of labelled protein into synaptosomal soluble proteins. PMID- 1113097 TI - Polyadenylic acid-containing RNA from rat brain. PMID- 1113098 TI - The levels of labile intermediary metabolites in mouse brain following rapid tissue fixation with microwave irradiation. PMID- 1113099 TI - Regional differences in high affinity choline transport velocity in guinea-pig brain. PMID- 1113100 TI - The visualization of concanavalin-A binding sites in the interperiod line of rat sciatic nerve myelin. PMID- 1113101 TI - A comparative study of the metabolism of de novo synthesized fatty acids from acetate and glucose, and exogenous fatty acids, in slices of rabbit cerebral cortex during development. PMID- 1113102 TI - Release of radioactive glutamic acid from thin sections of guinea-pig olfactory cortex in vitro. PMID- 1113103 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of fractions enriched in synaptosomes from chick brain. PMID- 1113104 TI - Tetrodotoxin binding as a marker for functional differentiation of various brain regions during chick and mouse development. PMID- 1113105 TI - Carbohydrate and energy metabolism in perinatal rat brain: relation to survival in anoxia. PMID- 1113106 TI - Catecholamines in sympathetic ganglia of rat: effects of dexamethasone and reserpine. PMID- 1113107 TI - Transport of cholesterol in the chick optic system. PMID- 1113108 TI - The effect of induced hypothermia upon oxygen consumption in the rat brain. PMID- 1113109 TI - On the specificity of trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4) of nerve ending particles to inhibit norepinephrine transport. PMID- 1113110 TI - A method for measuring brain protein synthesis rates in young and adult rats. PMID- 1113111 TI - Brain lipid composition of immature thiamine-deficient and undernourished rats. PMID- 1113112 TI - Postnatal changes in free amino acid, DNA, RNA and protein concentrations of miniature swine brain. PMID- 1113113 TI - Amino acid transport into the cerebrospinal fluid of the rat. PMID- 1113114 TI - The effect of electrical stimulation on the turnover of phosphatidic acid in synaptosomes from guinea-pig brain. PMID- 1113115 TI - Effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration on the lipid constituents of rat brain subcellular fractions. PMID- 1113116 TI - Nuclear protein patterns in developing and adult brain and in ethylnitrosourea induced neuroectodermal tumours of the rat. PMID- 1113117 TI - Histamine and histidine levels in the brain of the histidinaemic mutant mouse. PMID- 1113118 TI - A rapid radiochemical method for the determination of choline acetyltransferase. PMID- 1113119 TI - Superoxide dismutase of mammalian nervous system. PMID- 1113120 TI - Lack of phospholipid transport mechanisms in cell membranes of the CNS. PMID- 1113121 TI - Putative transmitters in denervated olfactory complex. PMID- 1113122 TI - Observation on the properties of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 1113123 TI - A relationship of N-acetylaspartate biosynthesis to neuronal protein synthesis. PMID- 1113124 TI - Morphine induced calcium depletion in discrete regions of rat brain. PMID- 1113125 TI - Spinal cord lipids and myelin composition in border disease (hypomyelinogenesis congenita) of lambs. PMID- 1113126 TI - Factors influencing brain and tissue levels of tryptamine: species, drugs and lesions. PMID- 1113128 TI - A rapid fluorescence microscopic method for the study of the capillary DOPA dopamine barrier. PMID- 1113127 TI - Alterations in brain RNA metabolism following chronic ethanol ingestion. PMID- 1113129 TI - Accumulation of alpha-[14C]aminoisobutyric acid by canine cranial meninges from cerebrospinal fluid in vitro. PMID- 1113130 TI - CSF amino acids and plasma--CSF amino acid ratios in adults. PMID- 1113131 TI - Brain gangliosides in drug-induced status epilepticus. PMID- 1113132 TI - The distribution of 75Se in brains of selenium-deficient rats. PMID- 1113133 TI - The oxoglutarate shunt and fatty acid biosynthesis in the neonatal rat brain. PMID- 1113134 TI - Stimulation of protein phosphorylation in brain slices by electrical pulses: speed of response and evidence for net phosphorylation. PMID- 1113136 TI - The results of carotid angiography in cerebral infarction in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. AB - The results of carotid angiography in 304 cases of cerebral hemisphere infarction have been reviewed. Carotid occlusion was demonstrated in 19% and atheromatous vessel wall change in a further 28%. Hypertensive subjects showed a significantly lower prevalence of carotid occlusion, but a similar prevalence of vessel wall change. There was more likely to be angiographic abnormality if there was a neck bruit or if the ECG showed ischaemic changes. The findings support the concept that the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction differs in normotensive and hypertensive patients. PMID- 1113135 TI - Measles virus antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders, with special reference to measles antibody synthesis within the central nervous system. AB - Measles virus hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) and gel precipitating (GP) antibodies were determined in sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 65 patinets with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 65 patients with other neurological diseases. The serological results were correlated to content of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and electrophoretic patterns of sera and CSF. Measles GP antibodies, identified as directed against measles virus ribonucleoprotein antigens, were detected in sera and in CSF from a significantly higher proportion of MS than of non-MS patients. No significant difference between the 2 groups of patients was found for measles HI antibodies. Reduced serum/CSF HI and/or GP antibody ratios were found in about one half of the MS patients and in 2 patients with chronic myelopathy. All patients with reduced antibody ratios had evidence of IgG synthesis within the central nervous system (CNS), as inferred from oligoclonal IgG patterns of the CSF. Reduced ratios of measles GP antibodies were 3 times as common as reduced ratios of HI antibodies. Immunoelectrophoretic assays indicated that the CSF GP antibodies were electrophoretically restricted in a number of MS patients. The results indicate that measles virus may be an active immunogen within the CNS in many MS patients and in some patients with chronic myelopathy, giving rise to an oligoclonal IgG antibody response. PMID- 1113137 TI - Physiological estimates of the sizes and the numbers of motor units in soleus muscles of dystrophic mice. AB - Evidence is presented to support the neurogenic hypothesis for murine dystrophy. Axonal atrophy, decrease in twitch tensions of individual motor units and loss of motor units suggest that "sick" motor units are present in dystrophic mice and that the "sick" motor units were once functional, but had gradually degenerated, possibly due to a neurotrophic deficiency. PMID- 1113138 TI - Electron microscopy of trypsin-digested peripheral nerve myelin. AB - Sciatic nerves from mice were removed and soaked in either PBS (phosphate buffered saline) or PBS plus I% trypsin (Sigma Type III) for various periods of time. Specimens were soaked at either room temperature or 37-degrees C at pH's ranging from 7.5 to 8.0. The epineural and perineural sheaths were split to allow the trypsin to penetrate the nerve. Tissue was prepared for electron microscopy by fixation in cacodylate buffered formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde solutions, post fixed in OSO4 and embedded in Epon 812 or in glutaraldehyde-urea resin without osmication. After four h incubation at 37-degrees C or eight h at room temperature, the basement membranes of the Schwann cells became fragmented and detached and the myelin intraperiod band lost some density. After 18 h, myelin with swollen intraperiod bands displaying a loss of electron density and split main period bands was noted adjacent to normal myelin. Other areas had been transformed into vesicles indicating that the membranes of these vesicles appeared to have been derived from the detachment of both the intraperiod and main period bands within the myelin. Evidence is presented for the presence of trypsin digestable proteins in both the main period and intraperiod bands of peripheral nervouse system myelin. PMID- 1113139 TI - Axon-glia relationships in crab nerves. AB - The nerves of the walking legs in the crab Lebidoclea grammania were studied by electron microscopy. Particular atthetion was directed to the structure of the connective tissue, its arrangement within the axon sheaths and its association with the glial cells. The connective tissue of the neural lamella of the giant axons and the fascicles is formed by collagen fibrils aand bands of mucopolysaccharides. Prolongations of the neural lamella divide the fascicles into bundles of contiguous axons, groups of loosely sheathed axons and nerve fibres wrapped by layers of glial cell processes alternating with layers of connective tissue. The glial cell processes close to the axons contained numerous microtubules whereas glycogen granules predominated in the more peripheral processes. These observations suggest that the connective tissue and glial cell processes forming the envelopes of the axons together participate in the maintenance of the microenvironment around axons. PMID- 1113140 TI - Synaptic changes in frog brain after stimulation with potassium chloride. AB - In vitro preparations of frog brains, stimulated by application of CKl were fixed by freeze substitution and examined electron microscopically. Control preparations were bathed in a calcium-free physiological solution with Mg added or in salt solution cooled to 5-10-degrees C. The isolated brain remains viable in the physiological solution as indicated by the direct cortical responses which can be led off from the forebrain. Control preparations were characterized by a row of vesicles situated close to the presynaptic membrane and by the absence of a well-developed postsynaptic web. In KCl stimulated preparations there were, in addition to synapses resembling those in the controls, synapses exhibiting fusion of synaptic vesicles with the membrane of the axonal ending, synapses in which the vesicles had retreated from the presynaptic membrane but were attached to it by a narrow stalk and synapses exhibiting a pronounced postsynaptic web. The synaptic gap was of a less uniform width than in the control preparations. The KCl stimulated preparations were furthermore characterized by a paucity of extracellular space and often showed invaginations formed by the presynaptic membrane and the plasma membranes of the postsynaptic or adjacent glial structure. PMID- 1113141 TI - Neuronal syncytia in the giant fibres of earthworms. PMID- 1113142 TI - The node of Ranvier in experimental allergic neuritis: an electron microscope study. AB - Pathological breakdown of the node of Ranvier in experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in the rabbit was examined by electron microscopy. The study was concerned principally with the mechanism of disruption of paranodal myelin. Two types of change in myelin structure were observed, both apparently related to the presence of cytoplasmic processes of macrophages: (1) a vesicular disorganization of myelin lamellae and (2) a separation of myelin lamellae. Both methods of disorganization were used by macrophages as they apparently lifted off the myelin terminal loops of the paranode from the underlying axon and also penetrated between myelin loops and adjoining myelin lamellae. In some pathologically damaged nodes of Ranvier no macrophages were observed. The findings raise important immunological and electrophysiological questions concerning the involvement of the macrophage in the autoimmune response and the effect of the loss of paranodal myelin on nerve conduction. PMID- 1113143 TI - Degeneration of sensory and motor axons in transplanted segments of a crustacean peripheral nerve. AB - Segments of sensory and motor axons 0.3-0.5 mm in length were taken from crayfish peripheral limb nerves and transplanted into the abdominal cavity of the same animal. Transplanted sensory axons showed relatively few ultra-structural changes after one week, many had undergone complete lysis within two weeks, and almost all degenerated within three weeks. Transplanted motor axons appeared normal after one week, except for some hypertrophy of their surrounding glial sheaths. After two weeks, glial sheaths were grossly hypertrophied around motor axons; axonal mitochondria had increased in number and many had migrated from the periphery to the centre of the axon. The axonal membranes of all motor axons were still intact after three weeks, although most were no longer continuous after four weeks. By five weeks, all axonal material had completely disintegrated. These data suggest that axonal synthetic processes in crayfish sensory (and presumably motor) axons can maintain the axons relatively intact for 7-14 days and that transfer of substances form hypertrophied glial cells to motor axons may account for the longer survival times of transplanted motor axons. PMID- 1113144 TI - Morphometric studies of dense-cored vesicles in type I cells of rat carotid body. AB - Two subclasses of Type I cells of rat carotid body were recognized by analyzing the diameters of dense-cored vesicles. One group of cells contained vesicles with a mean diameter of about 52 nm; in the other group of cells the vesicles measured about 71 nm. The mean volume of the small vesicle cell (SVC) was roughly 3/4 that of the large vesicle cell (LVC). Furthermore there were significant differences between SVC and LVC in volume densities of vesicles extensions typical of the Type I cells were more common for LVC than for SVC. The majority of the nerve endings observed terminated on LVC. The significance of these differences has yet to be determined. PMID- 1113145 TI - The fine structure of electrocytes in weakly electric teleosts. PMID- 1113146 TI - Radiofrequency percutaneous Gasserian ganglion lesions. Results in 140 patients with trigeminal pain. AB - Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the Gasserian ganglion or posterior root, or both, was performed in 140 patients. Of the 135 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, satisfactory analgesia was achieved in 121. Postoperative complications included unintentional first-division analgesia (10), transient sixth-nerve palsy (1), neuroparalytic keratitis (2), and anesthesia dolorosa (2). The phenomenon of facial blush may be helpful in avoiding unwanted first-division analgesia. In four of five patients with other forms of neuralgia, the procedure did not relieve pain; the fifth patient experienced significant relief from pain due to carcinoma of the mandible. PMID- 1113147 TI - Long-term results of Gasserian ganglion electrocoagulation. AB - This report is a follow-up study of 315 patients under 46 years old who suffered from trigeminal neuralgia and were treated by electrocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion. The average foll-up period was 12.7 years, the maximum 33 years. Eighty percent had a return of pain, but 96.7% ultimately attained freedom from pain after repeat electrocoagulation. PMID- 1113148 TI - Local spinal cord blood flow in experimental traumatic myelopathy. AB - Focal blood flow was measured in the lateral funiculus and center of the spinal cord in the rhesus monkey both before and after a 600 gm-cm injury at T-10. Measurements made by the hydrogen clearance technique showed that blood flow in the lateral funiculus more than doubled within 4 hours after injury, returned to normal by 8 hours, and remained in the normal range for 24 hours. At no time was a hypoperfusion in the lateral funiculus present. Blood flow in the center of the spinal cord, at the level of the lesion, began to fall within 1 hour following injury and continued to fall for 4 hours. These data challenge the notion that spreading ischemia of the white matter is an important factor in the pathophysiology of experimental spinal cord injury. PMID- 1113149 TI - Effect of delayed local cooling on experimental spinal cord injury. AB - The authors report studies indicating that delayed local cooling is effective in minimizing the neurological deficits of experimental spinal cord injury in cats. Cortical evoked responses were useful in predicting the neurological outcome; untreated animals whose evoked response disappeared for 6 hours failed to recover whereas all treated animals in the same group recovered dramatically. Decompression by laminectomy alone proved ineffective. Possible explanations for the therapeutic effects of cooling and the significance of the delay are briefly discussed. PMID- 1113150 TI - Vasogenic edema following acute and chronic spinal cord compression in the dog. AB - The T-13 spinal cord segment of dogs was compressed both acutely and chronically by means of a balloon catheter. The vascular permeability to protein was assessed using Evans blue albumin (EBA), and the dorsal column evoked potential recorded to monitor conduction failure. With acute compression sufficient to cause conduction failure there was a marked leakage of EBA from the intermediate gray matter, which spread into the dorsolateral white matter. The degree of edema was similar whether the compression was maintained or released. Chronic compression maintained over 4 to 5 hours did not increase vascular permeability, but following release of compression leakage of EBA occurred in the same cord locations observed with leakage from acute compressions. This increased permeability following release of chronic compression may result from reactive hyperemia. Dorsal column conduction returned after the release of both acute and chronic compression. The extravasated EBA was present both in the extracellular space and within cells. The results and their clinical application are discussed. PMID- 1113151 TI - Catecholamine levels in the injured spinal cord of monkeys. AB - The authors report a study of catecholamine levels in the spinal cords of monkeys following a 300 gm-cm blow to the midthoracic spinal cord. There was a progressive decrease in norepinephrine (NE) activity as a first-order process with a half-life of 6.4 hours. The NE activity in injured tissue never exceeded control levels, which remained unchanged both above and below the injured segment. Dopamine activity remained unchanged in the injured tissue as well as in control segments above and below the area of trauma for the first hour. PMID- 1113152 TI - Cervical spine injuries in infants. Problems in management. AB - The authors point out the unique anatomical and therapeutic considerations involved in injuries of the cervical spine and cord in infants. The special problems encountered in the treatment of such patients are illustrated by three cases, a "Hangman's" fracture, a C6-7 fracture-dislocation, and an acute quadriparesis associated with dysgenesis of the posterior elements of C1-3. PMID- 1113153 TI - Results of treatment of intracranial aneurysms by wrapping and coating. AB - The authors report the results of treatment of 58 intracranial aneurysms by wrapping with muscle or muslin gauze, and/or coating with Selverstone plastic material. They conclude that reinforcement with muscle is of little value, but that muslin gauze and plastic produced satisfactory results. PMID- 1113154 TI - Effect of respiratory movement on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in hydrocephalic infants with shunts. AB - The authors report a study of the effect of respiratory movement on intracranial, auricular, and intraperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure in hydrocephalic infants with shunts. Postoperative intraventricular pressures were also recorded for comparison. The intraventricular, right auricular, and intraperitoneal pressures rose during expiration and dropped during inspiration; the pressure changes were most marked while the infants were crying or straining. All pressures dropped simultaneously at the time of inspiration, but the auricular pressure was most significantly affected. It dropped to -100 to -200 mm H2O when the patients cried, while intraventricular and intraperitoneal pressures remained above O mm H2O. The postoperative intracranial pressures were in accord with these results; the pressures after ventriculoatrial shunt were significantly lower than those after ventriculoperitoneal shunt when the same pressure valves were used. PMID- 1113155 TI - Incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in neurosurgical patients. AB - This preliminary report on the use of 123I-fibrinogen and Doppler ultrasound techniques for the diagnosis of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT), shows that neurosurgical patients are at considerable risk. The DVT was often asymptomatic, bilateral, and extended into the more proximal veins. PMID- 1113156 TI - Experience with videotape monitoring of microscopic neurosurgical procedures. AB - This report describes technical details of a low-cost color videotape system for monitoring microneurosurgical procedures. The participation of audiovisual specialists was proven essential in insuring maximum effectiveness of these projects. PMID- 1113157 TI - Fracture dislocation of the cervical spine with gross displacement. Case report. PMID- 1113158 TI - Spinal cord compression due to extramedullary hematopoiesis in homozygous thalassemia. Case report. AB - The authors report a case of homozygous thalassemia in which a mass of hematopoietic tissue in the vertebral canal caused spastic paraparesis. Surgical removal of the tissue plus radiotherapy were successful. The pathological findings indicated direct extension of hematopoietic tissue from the adjacent bone marrow into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. PMID- 1113159 TI - Posttraumatic bilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. Case report. AB - The authors report a case of bilateral posttraumatic middle cerebral artery occlusion. Previously reported unilateral cases are reviewed and possible pathophysiological mechanisms disscussed. PMID- 1113160 TI - Technique for intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid drainage. PMID- 1113161 TI - Letter: Cerebral artery angiography. PMID- 1113162 TI - Letter: Role of catecholamines in experimental vasospasm. PMID- 1113163 TI - Letter: Cervical wire fusion. PMID- 1113164 TI - Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: scintigraphic demonstration and analysis. AB - Scintiphotographic demonstration of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in an 8-year-old child is presented. Using a data processor, the transit of radiopertechnetate through the lesion as well as various portions of the lung is shown. The "steal" of blood flow from the left lobe is documented. PMID- 1113165 TI - Initial clinical experiences with a Fresnel zone-plate imager. AB - First clinical studies with a Fresnel zone-plate radioisotope imager demonstrate high resolution, sharp tomography, and freedom from scatter. Improved radionuclide imaging is demonstrated, at least for small organs like the thyroid. Certain limitations are present that indicate a need for additional development before application to routine clinical practice. PMID- 1113166 TI - Changes in 87mSr concentractions in skeletal metastases in patients responding to cyclical combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. AB - Serial 87mSr bone scintigrams were performed on a series of patients being treated by cyclical combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. All the patients investigated responeded to the chemotherapy, but initially the scintigrams showed an apparent deterioration, in that the tumor-to-normal isotope uptake ratios increased. Following this initial "flare" the scintigram appearance improved with a decrease in the tumor-to-normal uptake ratio. It is suggested that deterioration in the scintigram in the early stages of treatment should not be regarded as an indication that the patient is failing to respond. PMID- 1113167 TI - Changes in liver scan following splenectomy. AB - Changes in liver shape, position, and uptake of colloid have been noted by us in liver scans in patients following splenectomy. These changes have resulted in confusion in interpretation. Four cases are described to illustrate some of the possible misinterpretations. These include migration of the left lobe of the liver into the left upper quadrant mimicking residual or accessory spleen, mass lesion in the region of the porta hepatis, or recurrent foci of disease. PMID- 1113168 TI - Phonton absorptiometry and skeletal mass in the treatment of osteoporosis. AB - Thirty-six osteoporotic patients who underwent several therapeutic regimes were studied on two occasions by photon absorptiometry and total-body neutron activation analysis (TBNAA). These determinations were made at a mean interval of 8.9 plus or minus 0.8 months. The 8-cm radial site was chosen for the photon absorptiometry which was performed with the Norland-Instruments Densitometer. Mean initial bone mineral content (BMC) was 0.724 plus or minus 0.069 gm/cm and mean bone width was 1.235 plus or minus 0.072 cm. The mean percent change in BMC (%deltaBMC) was 1.02 plus or minus 4.2. The initial total-body calcium (TBCa) as determined by TBNAA was reduced when compared with values that would be expected from empirically derived formulas. The mean percent change in TB-Ca (%deltaTB-Ca) was -3.2 plus or minus 4.7. Most patients displayed a change in BMC and TB-Ca that was at least 2 s.d. greater than the precision of the methods used (%deltaTB Ca greater than 2). No relationship was found between the deltaBMC and the deltaTB-Ca (r = 0.17). These findings suggest that changes in the radical BMC at the 8-cm site cannot be extrapolated to indicate changes in skeletal mass in response to treatment of osteoporosis. Whether photon absorptiometry at other sites or at multiple sites provides a closer relationship to changes in skeletal mass (TB-Ba) remains to be determined. PMID- 1113169 TI - Scintigraphic imaging of a blind-ending ureteral duplication. AB - The scintigraphic image is compared with the urographic appearance of blind ending ureteral duplication. PMID- 1113170 TI - Application of annihilation coincidence detection to transaxial reconstruction tomography. AB - A study was carried out to investigate the use of annihilation coincidence detection (ACD) in emmision transaxial reconstruction tomography. The ACD was evaluated in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity with depth, detection efficiency, effect of pulse-height analysis on resolution and efficiency, correction for attenuation, and cold spot contrast. A prototype positron emission transaxial tomograph (PETT) consisting of a hexagonal array of 24 Nal (Tl) detectors employing ACD was constructed. A fast Fourier transform algorithm was employed to generate the reconstructed image. Computer simulations and phantom and animal studies were carried out to demonstrate that this approach yields tomographic radionuclide images that have high resolution and contrast (hot and cold spot) and that are independent of activity above and below the plane examined. The ACD yields a quantitative nuclear medicine imaging device with high detection efficiency. Comparisons are presented between the ACD and the scintillation camera and scanner. Discussion of the possible applications of the PETT in nuclear medicine is included. PMID- 1113171 TI - Radiochromatographic quality control: a simplified system. AB - A simple means of graphically displaying the degree of radiocompound binding purity using a shielded G-M tube integrated with a rate metar and strip cahrt recorder is described. The instrument produces a permanent quality-control record and eliminates time-consuming radio-chromatographic segment counting. PMID- 1113172 TI - Component resolution indices for scintillation camera systems. AB - From published overall resolution indices for three Anger camera systems, measured with three straight-bore collimators and 99mTc in air and with a water absorber present, the components due to inherent camera resolution, collimator geometry, and scatter are derived at various depths. Replacement of S-11 multiplier phototubes by bialkali phototubes improves calculated inherent Pho/Gamma III camera resolution by about 30% and by a further 33% upgrading to a high-performance model. At distances 2, 5, 8, and 10 cm from each collimator face with an intervening water absorber, mean scatter components of overall resolution indices are 6, 8, 9, and 10 mm, respectively. In typical clinical 99mm Tc imaging situations with a scattering medium present, the relative contributions of camera, collimator, and scatter to the total overall system resolution are presented. PMID- 1113173 TI - Anaphylactoid reaction to human albumin microspheres. AB - The first case of an anaphylactoid reaction to the intravenous administration of 99mTc-labeled human albumin microspheres is reported. PMID- 1113174 TI - Technetium-99m-diphosphonate accumulation in amyloid. AB - A well-documented case of multiple myeloma complicated by histologically demonstrable amyloidosis is presented. Technetium-99m-diphosphonate in the areas of amyloid deposition about the shoulders and hips is shown. This adds another dimension to the extraosseous sites without demonstrable calcification where accumulation of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical can be observed. In patients where symmetrical uptake of such agents is noted in the periarticular soft tissue, particularly of the hips and shoulders, amyloidosis must become a diagnostic consideration. This is particularly true in patients presenting with undiagnosed arthralgia. PMID- 1113175 TI - Radioactive embolization from upper-extremity thrombophlebitis. AB - A lung scan in a patient with upper-extremity thrombophlebitis showed "hot spots" that apparently resulted from embolization of a propagative thrombus. PMID- 1113177 TI - Letter: Phonton spectra of 125-I and 129-I. PMID- 1113176 TI - A potential new brain-scanning agent: 4-77Br-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisoproplamine (4 Br-DPIA). AB - A centrally active drug containing bromine has been synthesized with 82Br and 77Br and appears to concentrate in normal human brain tissues, suggesting its potential use as a brain-scanning agent. PMID- 1113178 TI - Letter: Radiation dosimetry of 131-I-19-iodocholesterol: The pitfalls of using tissue concentration data. PMID- 1113179 TI - Letter: Retention of 99m-Tc-sulfer colloid in the lungs. PMID- 1113180 TI - Letter: Scintigraphic appearance of necrotic liver metastasis identical with that of amebic abscesses. PMID- 1113181 TI - A 82Sr-82Rb isotope generator for use in nuclear medicine. AB - An improved 82Sr-82Rb generator system, based on the complexing ion-exchange resin Chelex-100, has been developed. Columns of this material can be easily and rapidly milked, and the rubidium-strontium separation factor for a fresh generator under the experimental conditions studied was found to be greater than 10-7. Approximately 80% of the 82Rb present can be delivered in a 15-ml volume of aqueous 0.2 M NH4Cl solution. After more than 6 liters of eluant had passed through the generator, the rubidium-strontium separation factor was still observed to greater than 10-5 and no unusual strontium breakthrough behavior was seen in the system over nearly three 82Sr half-lives. PMID- 1113182 TI - Foramen of Morgagni hernia diagnosed by liver scan. AB - A case of foramen of Morgagni hernia (partial eventration of the right diaphragm) containing liver was diagnosed by hepatic scintiphotography. Diagnostic pneumoperitoneum has been recommended as the procedure of choice in the past. It is suggested that this be replaced by liver scaning. The similarity between eventration of the right diaphragm and foramen of Morgagni hernia is discussed. PMID- 1113183 TI - Dynamic study of exocrine function of the pancreas in diabetes mellitus with scintigraphy using 75Se-selenomethionine. AB - A dynamic study of scintigraphy of the pancreas using 75Se-selenomethionine in diabetic patients was performed. Patients were selected who complained of abdominal pain or diarrhea or both and whose pancreatic exocrine functions were thought to be disturbed. Selenium-75-selenomethionine (3 muCi/kg body weight) was injected intravenously and radioactivity (cpm) was recorded by a scinticamera for 10 min successively up to 120 min. After 20-30 min the increase of radioactivity in the selected area of the displayed pancreas usually reached a plateau. Pancreozymin (1 Harper unit/kg) and secretin (1 harper unit/kg) were administered intravenously and decrease of radioactivity in the same area was followed for 60 min to examine pancreatic exocrine function. After 75Se-selenomethionine injection, the angle of the initial increase of radioactivity, the height of the plateau, and the reactive decrease of radioactivity after pancreozymin and secretin were analyzed in each case. Radioactivity recorded on data tape was reproduced for each 10-min period on a cathode-ray tube display. Areas of interest were selected for dynamic analyses. To supplement the diagnosis by visual image of a scintigram of the pancreas, the scintigram was quantified in the present study and the dynamic curves of radioactivity in the selected area of the displayed pancreas were studied for a total of 3 hr. Application of the dynamic study of the pancreas scintigraphy and the additional data analyses seemed useful for the early detection of pancreatic exocrine dysfunction in diabetic patients in whom the ordinary laboratory pancreatic exocrine function tests gave uncertain results. PMID- 1113184 TI - Data storage and retrieval system for a nuclear medicine department. AB - A mark sense IBM data card was designed specifically for the nuclear medicine department. The data card functions as a flow sheet with coded information added in sequence by secretary, technician, and physician. Statistical information, patient identification, quantitative results, physician interpretation, and discharge diagnosis can be easily coded and entered on the card by the appropriate individual. The completed card can be punched, filed, and retrieved by machine. Filing and retrieving can also be done by hand for flexibility. The stored data can easily by programmed and converted to computer handling and storage. The card is inexpensive to produce. Card design is extremely flexible for varying needs. If sorting and punching equipment is not available, this can be contracted for in the community as low cost. PMID- 1113185 TI - Deadtime characteristics of Anger cameras. AB - The deadtime characterisitcs of Anger cameras are analyzed from theoretical and experimental points of view. An investigation of two Searle Radiographics cameras revealed that they had both paralyzable and nonparalyzable components, the deadtimes of which varied with analyzer window width, the energy of the gamma rays counted, and the position of the "time constant selector" switch in the A scope module of these cameras. A mathematical model for two-component systems is presented. PMID- 1113187 TI - Nomogram for estimating normal liver weights. AB - A nomogram was constructed by which the normal weight of a patient's liver can be estimated from the patient's height and weight. PMID- 1113186 TI - Breast scintigraphy with 99mTc-pertechnetate and 67Ga-citrate. AB - Radionuclide breast scintigraphy was evaluated as a noninvasive tumor-localizing modality. Technetium-99m-pertechnetate (99mTcO4) demonstrated good correlation between malignancy and postive scintigraphy (88% accuracy in 16 cases of breast carcinoma). The high false-positive rate (29% of proven benign breast disease) limits the use of 99mTcO4 as an aid to differential diagnosis. Gallium-67-citrate (67Ga) is limited as a diagnostic adjunct (localizing in only five of ten breast malignancies). Refined techniques of positioning, shielding, gamma camera imaging, and computer assistance have helped in visualizing abnormal radionuclide accumulation. PMID- 1113188 TI - Autoradiography of live and dead mammalian cells with 99mTc-tetracycline. AB - Considering the diagnostic significance of a few 99mTc-chelates in the diagnosis of myocardial infarct, we have recently developed a necrosis model in tissue culture obtained from mammalian cells, where the dead cells showed enhanced binding of 99mTc-tetracycline like the necrotic cells of infarcted myocardium. Technical details of the principles of labeling, fixing, washing and drying, dipping in emulsion, exposure, development and staining of mammalian cells have been described. Considering the short half-life of 99mTc-radioisotope, the recently available techniques have been modified to make autoradiography possible in a reasonably short period of time. Technetium-99m in different physical and chemical states is playing a very important role in a variety of diagnostic procedures. The autoradiography of 99mTc-labeled cells and tissue will shed further light on the mechanism of cellular uptake and subcellular distribution in normal and pathologic states. Presently no information is available regarding autoradiography with 99mTc-chelates of mammalian cells obtained from tissue culture. PMID- 1113189 TI - Loculation as a contraindication intracavitary 32P-chromic phosphate therapy. AB - Loculation of instilled 99mTc-sulfur colloid solution in the peritoneal cavity was observed in a patient being considered for intracavitary therapy with 32P chromic phosphate. Since intracavitary instillation of a therapeutic dose of a radiopharmaceutical agent into a loculated space would risk therapeutic failure and tissue necrosis, prior instillation of a tracer nuclide is recommended to insure adequate dispersion before beginning such therapy. PMID- 1113190 TI - Lung scan and wide mediastinum. AB - A patient with dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta and hemopericardium showed a widened mediastinum on posterior lung scan. PMID- 1113191 TI - Visualization of pancreatic pseudocyst. AB - In a 44-year-old woman, a pancreatic pseudocyst was demonstrated on delayed images obtained up to 8 days after the intravenous administration of 0.250 mCi 75Se-selenomethionine. The initial routine pancreas image study failed to visualize both the pancreas and the pancreatic pseudocyst. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery and the fluid of the pancreatic pseudocyst contained 0.73% of the injected dose of the radioselenium. PMID- 1113192 TI - Multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas demonstrated by dynamic radionuclide pulmonary perfusion scanning. AB - Dynamic radionuclide perfusion scintigraphy performed with 99mTc-labeled microspheres was instrumental in establishing the diagnosis of multiple, small vessel, pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in a 14-month-old patient with cyanosis. Computer analysis of the sequential distribution of tagged microspheres in the pulmonary parenchyma normally demonstrates a curve that rises rapidly to a plateau as the particles microembolize. In the case reported here, the pulmonary flow curve rose rapidly to a maximum and then fell within 2 sec to a plateau of less than 50% of the maximum count, indicating that a large proportion of the microsophers passed through the pulmonary circulation. Conventional pulmonary contrast angiography did not demonstrate any intracardiac shunting but did confirm the presence of multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. PMID- 1113193 TI - Letter: The value of 75Se-selenite in brain scanning. PMID- 1113194 TI - Urea, citrate and orotate excretion in growing rats fed amino acid-deficient diets. AB - Male, weanling rats were fed a control purified amino acid diet or the same diet with lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, valine, or arginine omitted singly, or both arginine and lysine omitted. Blood urea reached three to four times that of control levels with all deficient diets. Urea excretion increased almost linearly with time during the first 3 days of amino acid deficiency. Rates of urea excretion on day 3 in decreasing order for various deficiencies were as follows: lysine and arginine combined are more than lysine is more than tryptophan equals valine is more that phenylalanine equals arginine. Urinary citrate was 26 and 21.8 times that of control values without arginine and 11.4 and 6.2 times that of control values without lysine on days 2 and 3, respectively. By day 8 citrate excretion had returned to control levels without lysine but not without arginine. Citrate excretion was unchanged with other deficiencies. Orotic acid excretion increased markedly only without arginine and slightly without tryptopahn. A deficiency of arginine and lysine increased urea and citrate excretions to a greater extent than either deficiency alone. Two injections of arginine or homoarginine (0.50 mmole/injection) given at 12-hour intervals to rats fed no lysine and arginine for 3 days decreased citrate excretion immediatedly and on the following day. Urea excretion decreased with injected homoarginine, but not with arginine. Orotic acid excretion increased more than four times on the day of homoarginine injection compared with that of the preceding day. Arginine injection returned orotic acid excretion to nearly control levels within 24 hours. Urea degradation in the gastrointestinal tract was increased in animals fed amino acid-deficient diets. PMID- 1113195 TI - Use of a whey protein concentrate as a supplement to maize, rice and potatoes: a chemical and biological evaluation using growing rats. AB - Liquid whey has long been known to contain proteins of high nutritional value, but their use in human nutrition has been complicated by the high lactose and low protein contents of the whey. Modern technological processes of gel filtration and ultrafiltration have made possible the production of whey protein concentrates (WPC) low in lactose. In this investigation, the supplementary effect of WPC on maize and rice proteins was compared with the corresponding effect of dried skim milk (DSM). Protein quality was studied by chemical and biological methods on growing rats. Biological tests performed on both raw and boiled protein mixtures showed WPC to be superior to DSM in supplementing maize and rice proteins. The nutritive value of a potato-WPC mixture was also studied and compared with those of potato-lactalbumin and potato-egg mixtures, both of which are known to contain protein of very high quality for man. The comparison indicated that a potato-WPC mixture may also possess high protein quality. PMID- 1113196 TI - Influence of dietary 1,3-butanediol on wieght gain, blood, and liver metabolites and lipogenesis in the pig and chick. AB - The influence of dietary 1,3-butanediol (BD) on body weight gain, blood and liver metabolites, and on lipogenesis in pigs and chicks was studied. Body weight gain and energy intake of both pigs and chicks were depressed when the dietary energy derived from BD exceeded about 20 percent. Circulating beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate levels were markedly increased by dietary BD. Plasma triglyceride levels were increased in pigs and unchanged in chicks fed BD-containing diets. In vitro rates of fatty acid synthesis and the activities of fatty acid synthetase and malic enzyme in pig adipose tissue were not affected by the dietary BD. Neither addition of 18 percent dietary energy in the form of BD to the diet nor addition of BD to the incubation buffer affected glucose conversion to fatty acids by chick liver slices. Dietary BD did not affect long-chain acyl CoA levels in freeze-clamped chick liver but did increase the free CoA levels slightly. The hepatic lactate: pyruvate ratio was decreased when chicks were fed a BD containing diet. PMID- 1113197 TI - Circadian rhythms in mice fed a single daily meal at different stages of lighting regimen. AB - Circadian rhythms in systemic and cellular variables were studied in three groups of mice on different schedules of daily food accessibility: (1) only during the first 4 hours of the 12-hour light span; (2) only during the first 4 hours of the 12-hour dark span; and (3) at all times. The amplitudes of circadian variation in rectal temperature, serum corticosterone, and liver glycogen were increased by "meal-feeding" in either early light or early darkness. The overall averages of corticosterone and glycogen were also increased by meal-feeding at either stage of the lighting regimen. The time of peak values in temperature, corticosterone, and glycogen were determined by the time of food presentation, regardless of its relation to the lighting regimen. On the other hand, the interval between food presentation and peak values in the corneal mitotic index was greater when feeding was restricted to early darkness. These differences among the three groups of animals resulted in different relations among varibles at any given interval after feeding onset. Such effects concerning total bodily function, energy storage, hormonal regulation, and basic cellular processes indicate the pertinence of meal timing to nutritional research and practice. PMID- 1113198 TI - Glucogenic and ketogenic capacities of lard, safflower oil, and triumdecanoin in fasting rats. AB - The glucogenic and ketogenic capicities of lard, safflower oil, and triundecanoin were compared. Rats were fed diets containing 30 percent of either lard (a ketogenic fat), triundercanoin (a glucogenic fat), or safflower oil (a fat high in linoleic acid). After 61 days, the rats were fasted for 72 hours. Plasma glucose and ketone body concentrations and carcass fatty acid loss were measured during fasting. The lard-fed animals, which lost mostly saturated even-chain length fatty acids during fasting, did not maintain their prefasting plasma glucose levels and became ketotic. The animals that had been fed triundecanoin (which mobilized considerable odd-chain fatty acid) maintained their prefasting plasma glucose levels and did not become ketotic. The animals fed safflower oil (which mobilized massive amounts of linoleic acid) showed even lower levels of plasma glucose and higher levels of ketone bodies than did the animals fed lard. This failure of safflower oil to avert fasting hypoglycemia suggests that linoleic acid is oxidized in a manner more like the saturated fatty acid of lard than like the glucogenic odd-chain fatty acid (undecanoic). PMID- 1113199 TI - Lipogenesis and glyceride synthesis in the rat: response to diet and exercise. AB - The responses of hepatic and adipose tissue malic enzyme (ME), citrate cleavage enzyme (CCE), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glyceride synthetase (GS) to exercise training and exhaustive exercies and the potential of a high fat or high carbohydrate diet to modify these responses were studied in male Carworth rats. Characteristic elevation and depression of ME, CCE, and G6PD were decreased in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissues of high carbohydrate-fed rats. A significant two-way diet-training interaction was indicated for hepatic ME and G6PD. This interaction resulted from an apparent training modulation of ME and C6PD responses to the high fat and high carbohydrate diets. Adipose tissue G6PD was significantly decreased by training. Exhaustive exercise performed immediately prior to sacrifice did not significantly alter ME or CCE activities in either liver or adipose tissues, but decreased adipose tissue G6PD in untrained rats. Exhaustion was also associated with decreased GS activity in muscle and liver. Physical training was associated with a significant increase in GS in muscle and adipose tissues. In contrast to glyceride synthesis, no increase in adipose tissue lipogenic potential was noted in response to training, indicating that the physically trianed rat may have an enhanced ability to store but not synthesize fatty acids. PMID- 1113200 TI - Effect of dietary calcium deficiency during pregnancy on zinc mobilization in intact and parathyroidectomized rats. AB - The effects of dietary deprivation of calcium on teratogenicity of zinc deficiency were studied in both intact and parathyroidectomized rats. Intact females fed a diet deficient in both zinc and calcium during pregnancy had larger litters, fewer resorptions, and fewer malformed fetuses than did those fed a diet deficient in zinc alone, In addition, ash, zinc, and calcium contents of maternal bone were reduced. However, alleviation of the teratogenic effects of zinc deficiency by a diet simultaneously lacking calcium did not occur in parathyroidectomized rats. Furthermore, ash, zinc, and calcium concentrations of maternal femur were not decreased in these animals, indicating that they were unable to mobilize skeletal calcium or zinc. Thus, intact parathyroid glands are essential for alleviation of the teratogenic effects of zinc deficiency by dietary calcium deficiency. These results provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that conditions bringing about resorption of bone increase the availability of skeletal zinc. PMID- 1113201 TI - Effect of choline deficiency on utilization of labeled precursors of choline and turnover of choline in the liver of mature Japanese quail. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the effect of choline deficiency on utilization of various labeled precursors of choline and rate of choline biosynthesis in mature Japanese quail. A deficiency of dietary choline did not change the in vivo incorporation of 14C-label from (1,2-14C) ETHANOLAMINE, N, N dimethyl (1,2-14C) ethanolamine, and L-(methyl-14C) methionine into liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) or total phospholipids. Incorporation of radioactivity from (14C) serine into liver PC was increased, but the difference was not significant (PGREATER THAN3.35). In vitro studies confirmed these observations as there were no differences in liver microsomal methyltransferase activities, expressed as the incorporation of methyl-14C from labeled S-adenosylmethionine into microsomal PC from quail fed a purified diet with with or without choline. Rats appeared to incorporate an increased amount of 14C into PC when fed a diet devoid of choline, but the differences were not significant. There were differences in methyltransferase activities among species, and quail had the lowest activity. A slower turnover of choline was found in quail liver (t1/2=7.5 hours) as compared with that of hen liver (t1/2=2.0 hours). The methyltransferase responsible for the first methylation of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine from quail liver appears to differ from most other biosynthetic enzymes in that it occurs in liver and catalyzes the reaction at a slow rate but cannot adapt to exogenous choline supply to meet the requirements for normal bodily functions in quail. PMID- 1113202 TI - Growth and ascorbic acid metabolism in rats and guinea pigs fed cereal diets. AB - The nutritional values of the whole grain principal cereals, namely, wheat, rice, corn, and a millet bajra, were investigated by growth studies and studies on ascorbic acid metabolism in rats and guinea pigs. Growth was markedly retarded by feeding the rats unfortified whole grain cereals. Among the whole grain cereals, rice provided the lowest nutritional value, and the cooking of rice affected the nutritional value further. In weanling rats, ascorbic acid synthesis at the subcellular level was inhibited, and tissue storage of ascorbic acid was decreased in rats fed whole grain cereals. In guinea pigs fed whole grain cereals, the utilization of ascorbic acid was increased. Ascorbic acid supplementation at various levels indicated that the requirement for ascorbic acid increased five times in guinea pigs fed whole grain cereals. The increased intake of the vitamin was not needed when the whole grain cereals were enriched with 15% casein. PMID- 1113203 TI - Nutrient interrelationship of ascorbic acid and iron in rats and guinea pigs fed cereal diets. AB - Iron at a daily dose of 5 mg per animal was toxic to rats and guinea pigs fed unfortified whole wheat flour and whole rice flour diets. In rats, a species capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid, iron supplementation resulted only in decreased growth. In guinea pigs, iron administration resulted not only in decreased growth but also in high mortality. The apparent toxicity of iron was not observed when wheat flour was fortified with 15% casein. In guinea pigs, administration of ascorbic acid (k mg per 100 g body weight per day) along with iron not only counteracted the toxic effect of iron, but also led to a greater utilization of iron as revealed by increased hemoglobin and serum iron levels accompanied by decreased spleen iron content. Iron administration, however, resulted in decreased ascorbic acid synthesis (in rats only) and increased ascorbic acid utilization as revealed by lowered urinary, blood, and other tissue levels of the vitamin. PMID- 1113204 TI - Cecal nitrogen metabolism and amino acid absorption in the rabbit. AB - Nitrogen balance and weight changes were determined in two groups of rabbits fed diets containing all natural protein or part nonprotein nitrogen from urea. The rabbits were fed the experimental diets for a 10-week period starting at 7 weeks of age. No significant differences in weight gains or nitrogen retention were found between groups. Total nitrogen, ammonia, urea, and free amino acid levels were determined in the contents of several segments of the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbits fed both diets. Significantly less total nitrogen, ammonia, and free amino acids were found in the lower colon compared with the cecal contents of both groups. Subsequent studies with (C)alanine revealed considerable fermentation of alanine in both the cecum and upper colon contents, but there was little absorption into the blood. It was concluded that the disappearance of nitrogen that occurred between the cecum and colon was in the form of ammonia, and that the value of urea as a nitrogen source resulted primarily from tissue synthesis of dispensable amino acids and coprophagy. PMID- 1113205 TI - Effect of force-feeding a valine-free diet on gastrointestinal function of rats. AB - To study the effect of an essential amino acid deficiency on gastrointestinal functions, rats were force-fed a 10% amino acid diet devoid of valine for several days, and subsequently a complete amino acid diet. Force-feeding of the valine free diet for a few days delayed the disappearance of dietary nitrogen from the gastrointestinal tract. ASINGLE FEEDING OF THE COMPLETE AMINO ACID DIET CONTAINING 14C-labeled amino acids or (14C)glucose to rats previously fed the valine-free diet did not improve disappearance of the nitrogen. The absorption of the dietary carbohydrate as well as dietary nitrogen was delayed after feeding the valine-free diet. In spite of the delayed disappearance of dietary 14C labeled amino acids or (14C)glucose from the gastrointestinal tract, the incorporation of these dietary 14C-labeled amino acids into liver lipids was not different between rats fed the complete amino acid diet and those fed the valine free diet. Under these experimental conditions, changes in disaccharidase activities in the intestinal mucosa were in parallel with changes in the disappearance of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1113206 TI - Effects of the trans isomers of linoleic acid on the metabolism of linoleic acid in rats. PMID- 1113207 TI - Effects of dietary vitamin B-6 levels and exercise on glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity in rat tissues. PMID- 1113208 TI - Life-term studies in rats: effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium, and tungsten. PMID- 1113209 TI - Creatine metabolism in men: urinary creatine and creatinine excretions with creatine feeding. PMID- 1113210 TI - Life-term effects of mercury, methyl mercury, and nine other trace metals on mice. PMID- 1113211 TI - Factors affecting the concentration and bioavailability of iron in turnip greens to rats. PMID- 1113212 TI - Distribution of labeled retinyl acetate and retinoic acid in rat and human testes. A possible site of retinyl acetate incorporation in rat testes. PMID- 1113213 TI - Effect of a high protein intake on calcium metabolism in the rat. PMID- 1113214 TI - Reversible testis injury in the vitamin E-deficient hamster. PMID- 1113215 TI - Antisterility activity of d-alpha-tocopheryl hydroquinone in the vitamin E deficient male hamster and rat. PMID- 1113216 TI - Antisterility and antivitamin K activity of d-alpha-tocopheryl hydroquinone in the vitamin E-deficient female rat. PMID- 1113217 TI - Ascorbic acid: an essential nutrient for a plant-feeding insect, Diatraea grandiosella. PMID- 1113219 TI - Step size in the Munsell color-order system by pair comparisons near 5Y 7.5/1 and bisections near 10R 7/8. AB - Pair comparisons were used to assess the perceptual uniformity of the Munsell value (V) and chroma (C) scales near 5Y 7.5/1 for both small (0.25-0.75) and larger (1-2) increments in V and C. We conclude that in this region perceptual linearity is retained down to steps of 0.25 V and C. Bisection experiments showed that around 10R 7/8 perceptual linearity in Munsell hue (H), V, and C was retained down to step sizes of 0.25 H, 0.10 V, and 0.25 C. PMID- 1113218 TI - Possible effect of blood ammonia on food intake of rats fed amino acid imbalanced diets. PMID- 1113220 TI - Letter: Birefringence and dichroism in invertebrate photoreceptors. PMID- 1113221 TI - The first urinary tract infection in the female infant. Prevalence, recurrence, and prognosis: a 10-year study in private practice. AB - Eight hundred healthy female infants presenting for routine care were systematically screened for bacteriuria from early infancy to 2 years of age. The initial urinary tract infection was established in 29 infants, 3.6% of the series, at a median age of 9 months. Continued systematic screening of 25 of these 29 infants with bacteriuria to 6 years of age revealed recurrent infection in nine of them and the development of pyelonephritis in three. Recurrent episodes of infection occurred at close intervals of 2 weeks to 4 months in these nine infants and were clustered within an 18-month period. There were no recurrences after 3 years of age. Characteristically, both the initial and recurrent infections were asymptomatic. Lower urinary tract signs of infection, however, were evident to the "instructed parent," i.e., one instructed in the use of the urinary diary, a written log of the parents' observations of the infant's voiding habits. Pyelonephritis developed early in the children with recurrent infections; it was clinically inapparent and developed in infants with (initially) normal urinary tracts. PMID- 1113222 TI - Early predictors of incomplete recovery in children with Guillain-Barr'e polyneuritis. AB - Case histories of 47 children with strict criteria for Landry-Guillain-Barre Strohl polyneuritis admitted to a rehabilitation facility from late 1959 through 1972 were analyzed retrospectively. The children were followed to full recovery (good to normal strength in all muscle groups) or for three years without full recovery. The data were then compared statistically for possible predictive indicators of recovery or lack of recovery within three years. The most significant early predictor of incomplete recovery was the time interval between the greatest weakness and beginning improvement; a period longer than 18 days of plateau before gains are evident is indicative of incomplete recovery within limits of 99% confidence. PMID- 1113223 TI - Premature craniosynostosis-a complication of thyroid replacement therapy. AB - Three hypothyroid children with premature craniosynostosis are presented, who have been treated intensively with 1-thyroxine from early infancy. It is postulated that the craniosynostosis is the result of iatrogenic hyperthyroidism during a critical period of skull growth. Various regimens of treatment for hypothyroidism are discussed with recommendations for avoiding this potentially hazardous complication of therapy. PMID- 1113224 TI - Calcification of intervertebral discs in childhood. AB - Over 75 cases of intervertebral disc calcification in childhood have been reported, but the illness is seldom considered in the differential diagnosis of back pain inchildren. This paper reports two children who required surgery for intervertebral disc calcification. The histologic changes, which have not been described previously, include an amorphous calcification within the nucleus pulposus without any inflammatory reaction. The etiology of disc calcification remains unknown, but it can be differentiated both clinically and pathologically from other causes of calcified intervertebral discs and from spondylarthritis. PMID- 1113225 TI - Cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger. A report of eight cases with comments upon the incidence, the liver lesion, and a fault in pipecolic acid metabolism. AB - Studies of eight patients with this syndrome confirm the characteristic pattern of abnormalities and the autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The incidence is estimated to be approximately 1 in 100,000 live births. The liver lesion proved to be variable, with features of progressive parenchymal damage rather than a developmental defect of small bile ducts as previously suggested. Elevated levels of pipecolic acid were found in blood and urine and may be related to the basic defect. PMID- 1113226 TI - Fetal phallic growth and penile standards for newborn male infants. AB - No appreciable difference in size of the fetal clitoris versus the fetal penis was noted until 14 weeks' gestation, which is after the period of masculine differentiation of the external genitals. However, significant differences in the rate of penile and clitoral growth were evident in second trimester fetuses. The majority of the prenatal growth of the penis occurs after 14 weeks gestation at an almost linear rate. The penile stretched length of the full-term infant was 3.5 cm plus or minus 0.7 cm and the diameter was 1.1 cm plus or minus 0.2 cm. PMID- 1113227 TI - Parathyroid function in infants of diabetic mothers. AB - Serum parathyroid hormone and total and ionized Ca, Mg, and P levels were determined serially from birth to 96 hr of age in 28 infants of diabetic mothers (IDM, 15 Class A, 13 Class B, C, D) and their respective mothers at the time of delivery. In spite of marked decreases in concentrations of serum total and ionized Ca from birth to 24 to 48 hr, there was an insignificant increase in serum PTH values over this period in infants of insulin-dependent mothers. Infants of Class A diabetic mothers had an equivocal PTH response. Nineteen term control infants were similarly examined and had a significant increase in serum PTH postnatally. Relatively higher values of serum ionized Ca at birth in IDM were followed by greater decreases in ionized Ca from birth to 24-48 hr of age, and by decreased neonatal parathyroid function. The data support functional hypoparathyroidism as a basis for the hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia of IDM. It is speculated that increased concentrations of serum ionized Ca in utero and suppression of activity in the fetal parathyroid glands may be a cause for the functional hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 1113228 TI - The immunologic role of tonsillar tissues in local cell-mediated immune responses. PMID- 1113229 TI - An evaluation of the possible association of malignant hyperpyrexia with the Noonan syndrome using serum creatine phosphokinase levels. PMID- 1113230 TI - Agents responsible for infection in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. PMID- 1113231 TI - Fontanel size and epiphyseal ossification in neonatal twins discordant by weight. AB - Size of the anterior fontanel and ossification of the epiphyseal centers at the knee were measured in 13 "discordant" twin pairs. There was a highly significant (p smaller than 0.01) negative correlation between fontanel size and epiphyseal ossification. Severe intrauterine growth retardation (demonstrated by the lighter twin) may result in retardation of membranous as well as enchondral ossification. PMID- 1113232 TI - Breech presentation as an indicator of fetal abnormality. PMID- 1113233 TI - Luteinizing hormone deficiency in hereditary congenital adrenal hypoplasia. PMID- 1113234 TI - Increase in bilirubin-binding affinity of serum with age of infant. AB - The bilirubin-binding affinity of infant serum, as determined by Sephadex gel filtration, began to increase during the first week of life and continued to increase gradually until the age of 5 months, when it reached that of adult serum. This increase might be due to a transition from a fetal to an adult type of serum albumin and/or to a decrease in the concentration in serum of the substances thought to compete with bilirubin for binding to albumin. PMID- 1113235 TI - Correction of the malabsorption of the preterm infant with a medium-chain triglyceride formula. AB - After receiving milk-based formula for one week, 16 preterm infants, weighing 1,300 to 1,800 gm, were fed two isocaloric formulas containing either medium chain or long-chain triglycerides for 15 days; the alternate formula was given for a second period of identical duration. While receiving MCT, the infants had greater (P smaller than 0.01) percent fat absorption (83.4 leads to 97.1%) and weight gain (7.5 leads to 11.5 gm/kg/100 calories). Because metabolic acidosis occurred with the LCT formula, the chloride content was adjusted to that of the MCT were confirmed and, in addition, there was a higher (P smaller than .01) percent retention of nitrogen (67.3 leads to 82.1). PMID- 1113236 TI - Congenital malformations associated with the administration of oral anticoagulants during pregnancy. AB - Three small infants whose mothers had received oral anticoagulant therapy during the first trimester of pregnancy are described. These infants all had hypoplasia of the nasal bones, and two had stippling of epiphyses and bones and deformities of the bones of the hand. One child is mentally retarded. It is suggested that these abnormalities may be related to maternal oral anticoagulant therapy during the first trimester. PMID- 1113237 TI - Treatment of trichuriasis with a new drug, mebendazole. AB - Effectiveness of mebendazole, a new anthelminthic drug recommended for treatment of Trichuris trichiura infection, was evaluated in 50 children attending a pediatric outpatient clinic in New York City. Mebendazole, 100 mg. administered orally twice daily for three days resulted in an apparent cure of 48 children. Posttreatment stools of the remaining two children had a substantial reduction in the number of eggs. A second course of treatment, identical to the first, led to the elimination of eggs in the stool specimens of these two children. Mebendazole appears to be an effective drug against Trichuris trichiura. PMID- 1113238 TI - Massive pulmonary hemorrhage in a neonate. PMID- 1113239 TI - Letter: Transient neonatal diabetes-possible therapeutic use for glucagon. PMID- 1113240 TI - Letter: Scoliosis and coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 1113241 TI - Letter: Twinning and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. PMID- 1113242 TI - Letter: Keratosis follicularis as a confusing term. PMID- 1113243 TI - Letter: More on the "oligohydraminios syndrome". PMID- 1113244 TI - Letter: Coincidence of Wolff-Parkinson-White and Marfan syndromes. PMID- 1113245 TI - Editorial: Urinary tract infections in infancy. PMID- 1113246 TI - An analysis of the function of color in the Rorschach. AB - Slide reproductions of a standard and an achromatic series of Rorschach plates were rated by 120 Ss on 12 bipolar adjective pairs. Four adjective pairs from each of the three major factors of meaning were used. Mean factor scores were computed for each factor, and a comparison among cards was made. The chromatic cards were rated, in general, as more positive and more active but less potent than their achromatic representations. There was a significant inverse relationship between the evaluative factor and the potency factor. No sex differences were found in the connotation of the cards. The results of this study are consistent with prior studies. PMID- 1113247 TI - Free association and repression-sensitization. AB - It was predicted that Subjects' scores on Byrne's Repression-Sensitization (R-S) Scale would be related to free associative style. When administered the R-S Scale, Subjects at the high and low extremes then took part in a free association task. Repressers manifested a prevalence of "avoidant" and sensitizers a prevalence of "approach" associations. However, this was true only of male Subjects. PMID- 1113248 TI - A multiple-choice version of the sentence completion method. AB - A sentence completion (SC) measure of children's autonomy was adapted to a multiple choice (MC) form. Criteria were proposed which MC should meet in order to be reasonably equivalent to SC. MC should not be obvious to the child; thus, the means and variances of the two tests should be similar, and MC should not show a congregation around the "good" answers, nor should it correlate positively with a measure of social desirability. Both tests should correlate significantly with one another. Any factor structure present in SC, which suggests a differentiation within the concept of autonomy should be duplicated in MC. Most of these criteria were met, and it was concluded that a multiple choice form corresponding to a sentence completion measure, testing clearly defined personality areas, could be a resonable alternative for many purposes. PMID- 1113249 TI - Behavioral correlates of WAIS profile patterns: an exploratory study. AB - To assess the feasibility of both an empirical derivation of WAIS subtest patterns and an actuarial assignment of behavioral descriptions to these patterns, 11 potential patterns were delineated. Three of these were studied in depth, and one of these was the focus of this report. The derivation and cross validation groups of this one pattern displayed highly similar WAIS scores on all 11 subtests, but differences between the groups in age, marital status, and some output descriptors were noted. These results were explained in terms of age acting as a moderator variable. In general, the results suggest that patterns of WAIS subtest scores can be identified and that these can be reliably associated with specific behavioral descriptors. PMID- 1113250 TI - Sculpture preferences and personality traits. AB - Factor analyzed the preference ratings of 70 male and 70 female undergraduates for 36 slides of sculpture. A principal factors solution with orthogonal rotations yielded 6 factors: ambiguous abstraction vs. controlled human realism, mildly distorted representation, emotional detachment, traditional portraiture vs. surrealism, highly distorted representation, and geometric abstraction. Some of these factors were similar to the Apollonian, the Dionysian, and the Pythagorean dimensions previously postualted by Nietzsche and Knapp. Preference scores for each factor were computed and correlated with scores on the 16 PF and with selected educational and physical variables. A few small, significant (p less than .05) correlations were found, supporting the hypothesis that artistic style preferences resemble the personality traits of the spectator. PMID- 1113251 TI - Stereotyped sex role behavior and sex guilt. AB - A study of self-reported sex guilt and sex behavior in college students closely replicated previous findings. In addition, it was found that high guilt subjects were more likely to act in conformity with social expectations regarding sexual behavior. That is, high guilt males were more likely to be assertive in their sexual behaviors than low guilt males, and high guilt females were more likely to engage in passive sexual behaviors than low guilt females. Assertion was defined as acting upon another, and passivity was defined as being acted upon. PMID- 1113252 TI - Detection of a nonlinguistic stimulus is poorest at the end of a clause. AB - Subjects detected a brief near-threshold tone while encoding two-clause sentences for later report. The objective tone locations were at the end of the first clause, at the beginning of the second clause, or in the clause boundary. The effects of intensity variations of the speech signal were assessed by having subjects detect the tones in the same speech stimuli played backward. Tones at the end of a clause are relatively harder to detect than in other positions, comparing forward and backward speech. This supports the view that listeners are preoccupied with internal processes at the end of a clause. PMID- 1113253 TI - Scaling of apparent accentedness by magnitude estimation and sensory modality matching. AB - In each of three experiments, 24 students judged the accentedness present in the speech of eight Spanish-English bilinguals. Ss gave magnitude estimations and also squeezed a hand dynamometer to indicate the amount of accentedness in the reading of an English passage by each of the speakers. There was significant agreement among Ss regarding the speech samples with each scaling method, and interscale agreement was good. Power functions fitted to the data had exponents falling in the range expected from earlier psychophysical studies. Scale values correlated significantly with the frequency of accented pronunciations by the speakers as judged by two independent judges. The use of these scaling methods for future research on linguistic features of accent and on the relation between accent and language attitudes is discussed. PMID- 1113254 TI - Semantic organization in deaf and hearing subjects. AB - Hierarchial cluster analysis of data from the sorting of noun words was used to compare semantic structures in 63 profoundly deaf and 63 hearing adolescents. In the first study, performance differed only for a set of words referring to sounds, where deaf persons have no experience, and not for a set of common noun words and pictures. In the second study, differences between matched sets of high and low-imaginary words were comparable for 63 deaf and 63 hearing subjects. It is concluded that deaf subjects manifested abstract hierarchical relations and were not dependent on "visual mediators" or hindered by the absence of "acoustic mediators". PMID- 1113255 TI - The influence of listener perception of the speaker on recognition memory. AB - Results are reported for an experiment which examined the influence of listener perception of speaker intention on sentence recognition. Given the same passage and recognition sentences, subjects displayed different false recognition patterns of test items depending on which of two speakers with opposing viewpoints the passage was attributed to. It is argued that the reconstructive process of memory is based on information from the context (e.g., the speaker's perceived intentions) as well as on the actual words used. Retention of different aspects of a message is seen to rely on information from different sources. Specifically, the results of the study indicate that retention of meaning involving the speaker's predictions, opinions, etc., is influenced by the listener's perception of the speaker. PMID- 1113256 TI - Mothers' speech to children of four different ages. AB - This study reports analyses, in terms of five different measures, of the speech on two standard tasks of 32 middle-class mothers to their children aged 1 1/2, 2 1/2, 4, and 6 years. Sex and birth order of child were not found to be related to mothers' speech. On four of the measures, both task and age of child had strongly significant effects. In general, with increasing age of child, mothers spoke more, in longer and grammatically more complex utterances, with greater diversity of vocabulary. The differences in speech addressed to 1 1/2-year-olds and that addressed to 2 1/2-year-olds were particularly marked. PMID- 1113257 TI - Editorial: It is time to take a stand. PMID- 1113258 TI - Vaginally administered prostaglandin E2 as a first and second trimester abortifacient. AB - One hundred women seeking interruption of pregnancy between 7-20 weeks were given prostaglandin E2 as a 20 mg vaginal suppository every four hours. Abortion was achieved within an arbitrary time limit of 36 hours in 97 patients and was complete in 76. Mean abortion intervals according to gestational length and parity ranged between 7.67 and 14.93 hours. Augmentive intravenous oxytocin, usually for placental expulsion, was given to 31 patients. Side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, and drug fever were encountered in the majority of patients but no sepsis was noted and no patient was transfused. The results are discussed with particular reference to other prostaglandin and hypertonic saline regimens for pregnancy interruption. PMID- 1113259 TI - Intra-amniotic prostaglandin F 2alpha as a midtrimester abortifacient: effect of oxytocin and laminaria. AB - An abortion interval time of 15.9 hours was achieved in a group of women treated in midtrimester with intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha and intravenous oxytocin. Routine addition of intracervical laminaria to this regimen was not helpful. The most useful prostaglandin protocol seems to be 30 mg as an initial dose followed by a booster at six hours. PMID- 1113261 TI - A comment on the relation between protein and weight gain in pregnancy. PMID- 1113260 TI - In vitro interaction of prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin in placental vessels. AB - The interaction of prostaglandin F2alpha and synthetic oxytocin on placental vessels was studied in vitro. Resistance was measured near the placental margin after spontaneous term delivery. In seven experiments reactions to norepinephrine and oxytocin were PGF2alpha. PGF2alpha produced significantly increased vasoconstriction after a single administration of oxytocin. In eight experiments the perfusion medium contained oxytocin. There was no change after a single dose of PGF2alpha. The reaction after norepinephrine remained the same in both groups of experiments. There is thus an "enhancement effect" of PGF2alpha upon the reaction of placental vessels to oxytocin in vitro. PMID- 1113262 TI - Fallopian tube occlusion in rabbits with silicone rubber. AB - A new system for transcervically blocking the Fallopian tubes with cured-in-place silicone rubber has great potential for fertility control. Good retention, antifertility efficacy, and retrievability were observed in rabbits, and no adverse tissue reactions were seen in oviducts containing silicone elastomer. Continuing studies with rabbits and rhesus monkeys attempt to determine long term efficacy and histologic changes. PMID- 1113263 TI - Rapid transport of alien eggs transplanted 66 hours post coitum in the oviduct of the rabbit. AB - Alien (fixed and stained) rabbit ova were transferred into the oviduct of recipient rabbits 24, 48, 60, and 66 hours post-coitum and were observed at 48, 72, 72, and 72 hours post-coitum respectively, using a clearing technique. In all cases the transport of alien eggs was accelerated, so they caught up with native eggs. Alien eggs, transferred to the ampulla 66 hours post-coitum were transported to the uterus within six hours. PMID- 1113264 TI - The Dalkon Shield intrauterine device: a review of current status. PMID- 1113265 TI - Gestational diabetes: diagnosis and management. AB - Pregnancy is a diabetogenic condition and approximately one per cent of suspected patients will develop an abnormal glucose tolerance test during pregnancy. Generally, the gestational diabetic tends to be heavier, older, and multiparous. The diagnosis can be made from the patient's family history, previous obstetrical history, or from clinical tests such as urine glucose, fasting blood sugar, and glucose tolerance tests. The management of the patient includes patient evaluation, diet, evaluation of the fetus, and selecting the time of terminating the pregnancy. With correct care and treatment, the patient can deliver a normal and healthy infant. PMID- 1113266 TI - Volvulus of the small bowel complicating pregnancy. PMID- 1113267 TI - Rubella susceptibility in Navajo women. AB - Rubella susceptibility among Navajo women equals that in other parts of the country. Even though crowded conditions exist in the homes, communicable disease is more prevalent than in other areas, and many children attend boarding schools. The present immunization policy is discussed and an alternative plan of immunization is presented as recently recommended by the Navajo Area Indian Health service committee on rubella. PMID- 1113268 TI - Colposcopy: a prerequisite for cone biopsy. AB - Colposcopy should be an integral part of the diagnostic investigation of all patients with cervical neoplasia demonstrated by Pap smear. If a cone biopsy is necessary, the surgery can be directed. This will improve diagnostic accuracy as well as reduce morbidity, expense and disability. PMID- 1113269 TI - Kinetics of human lymphocyte proliferation: proportion of cells responsive to phytohemagglutinin and correlation with E rosette formation. PMID- 1113270 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus in a small sample of lepromatous children in West Africa. PMID- 1113271 TI - The academic role of the vice president for health sciences: can a walrus become a unicorn? AB - The post of vice president for the health sciences was first developed in an attempt to interpret, modulate, and buffer the growing power of the medical school in the university and the different values that have existed there. The job has been greatly transformed over the past 10 years as a consequence of a variety of factors. Now a genuine creative effort applied to the design of the administration of health sciences centers and how they fit into universities is needed. The present modes of organization are not equal to the challenges that must be faced. New designs must be created which will recognize the special place of the health sciences in today's world and yet keep its function within the university frame. PMID- 1113272 TI - Factors influencing medical school faculty disposition toward collective bargaining. AB - Faculty attitudes toward collective bargaining at a prestigious public medical school indicate considerable ambivalence toward unionization. As might be expected, salary dissatisfaction is the greatest cause of faculty discontent; however, it is not the most important factor in favoring collective strength. The irony is that the faculty members most in favor of collective bargaining are least dissatisfied with their salary levels. Conversely, the highest earning faculty members are least in favor of unionization but most dissatisfied with their salary scale. The study reported here shows that faculties perceive the protection or enhancement of collegiality as the single most important factor influencing their attitudes toward unionization. This perception suggests that faculties see collective bargaining as a means of strengthening their position relative to greater inclusion in the decision-making processes of the medical school. PMID- 1113273 TI - Performance of medical students admitted via regular and admission-variance routes. AB - Twenty-three medical students from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds and drawn chiefly from Chicano and black racial minority groups were granted admission variances to the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine in 1970 and 1971. This group was compared with 21 regularly admitted junior and senoir medical students with respect to: specific admissions criteria (Medical College Admission Test scores, grade-point average, and college rating score); scores, on Part I of the examinations of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME); and performance in at least two of the medicine, surgery, and pediatrics clerkships. The two populations differed markedly on admission. The usual screen would have precluded admission of all but one of the students granted variances. At the end of the second year, average NBME Part I scores again identified two distinct populations, but the average scores of both groups were clearly above the minimum passing level. The groups still differ on analysis of their aggregate performances on the clinical services, but the difference following completion of two of three major clinical clerkships has become the distinction between a "slightly above average" level of performance for the regularly admitted students and an "average" level for students admitted on variances. PMID- 1113274 TI - Area Health Education Centers: what are they and where are they going? AB - Area Health Education Centers (AHECs) were one of the recommendations arising from the 1970 report of the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, Higher Education and the Nation's Health: Policies for Medical and Dental Education. Subsequently, three separate federal programs were implemented. Since issuance of the commission's report, major changes have occurred in the health field. Many of the assumptions and predictions prevailing at the time of the report are now being questioned, leading to a need to reassess the policies underlying the AHEC concept. Enough time has elapsed that the AHEC programs can be evaluated in terms of the policies leading to their original recommendation, but they are still embryonic and diverse enough that they have not themselves become fixed policy. It is crucial at this stage of their development that the programs be assessed not only in relationship to each other but also in the context of the other programs and policies which together with AHECs presently comprise our unplanned national health strategy. PMID- 1113275 TI - Uses and abuses of tenure. AB - The purposes of tenure are clear. The principle of tenure in an academic institution is widely accepted. Abuses and legal restrictions make it difficult to administer tenure so that it is equitable to both the institution and the scholar. Some problems could be alleviated by creating clear standards and practices for hiring, promotion, and dismissal; others could be lessened through more attention to definition and procedure. In some instances a change in the structure of the process itself may be necessary. A system combining tenure with periodic evaluation would be a viable alternative. PMID- 1113276 TI - Goals of medical student psychiatric education. AB - In this article the authors present a comprehensive statement of the goals of medical student psychiatric education. The focus is on content rather than on the process of teaching or of curriculum design. Many of the areas of learning are likely either to be taught by nonpsychiatric instructors or to be not specifically programmable into a curriculum. The approach of focusing on the desired competence in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes can result in these goals and their subsequent modifications serving as a benchmark for assessment of the adequacy of a particular program. PMID- 1113277 TI - Comparison of the diagnostic methods of family physicians and internists. AB - Two groups of physicians (nine family physicians and nine consulting internists) were presented with three clinical problems by a programmed "patient". Analysis of the recorded interviews showed that family physicians asked fewer history questions, requested fewer items of data about physical examination, and ordered fewer laboratory investigations. In two out of the three cases family physicians asked a higher proportion of questions about mental status and life situation. In an analysis of the "commonness" of questions asked by internists and family physicians, it was found that internists were more consistent among themselves in the questions asked. There were no significant differences in the final diagnosis reached by these two groups. PMID- 1113278 TI - The development of cognitive knowledge in clinical clerkships. AB - As part of an attempt to match the seminar program in pediatrics to the increased level of sophistication that students during the latter half of their core clerkship year would possess compared with students who enter pediatrics early in the year, the faculty of the Department of Pediatrics at The University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston developed a typical final examination (a 100-item, multiple-choice test) and administered it as a pretest to each section of the junior class as it entered pediatrics. Analysis of the data indicated the following. A substantial portion of the cognitive information required for success in the clinical years was acquired prior to entry to the clerkship; scores of students entering their last clerkship were almost the same in the pretest in pediatrics as were those of students who took the pretest 10 monts earlier; posttest scores were substantially higher than pretest scores for all groups of students. The paper includes some discussion of the reasons for the findings and a description of the steps being taken to remedy deficiencies in the educational and evaluation program revealed by the study. PMID- 1113279 TI - A new type of facility in medical education: the Clinical Learning Center. AB - The two independent forces leading to the development of a new type of facility for medical education were the desire to utilize modern educational concepts (some of which are difficult to employ in traditional hospital settings) and the need to expand students' contact with clinical patients. This special facility, known as the Clinical Learning Center, resembles the ultimate setting of medical practice, that is, the physician's office, and it depends upon volunteer patients who come there primarily to contribute to the educational program while deriving no medical care. Students and instructors have appreciated the opportunity for feedback; the quiet educational environment; the graduated learning experiences; and the use of various resources, especially videotape recording and playback of the clinical encounter. The recruitment of volunteer patients has been highly successful, and the center is proving to be a valuable adjunct to the learning of clinical skills. PMID- 1113280 TI - A model for teaching primary care in a rural health center. PMID- 1113281 TI - International understanding and FMGs. PMID- 1113282 TI - Preventive mental health efforts for women medical students. PMID- 1113283 TI - Preparing health science students for tomorrow's health care team. PMID- 1113284 TI - Progress on self-learning in biostatistics. PMID- 1113285 TI - Does biochemistry belong in the medical or the premedical curriculum? PMID- 1113286 TI - The use of pedagogic drama in psychiatric education. PMID- 1113287 TI - Editorial: Research institutes and targeted research programs. PMID- 1113288 TI - U.S. medical student enrollment, 1970-71 through 1974-75. PMID- 1113289 TI - Letter: Capabilities of the podiatrist. PMID- 1113290 TI - Letter: The "master-word" revisited. PMID- 1113291 TI - Letter: Eletrical safety in hospitals. PMID- 1113292 TI - Acute renal failure. PMID- 1113293 TI - The president speaking. We need you! PMID- 1113295 TI - Medico-legal briefs: Husband may not prevent wife from having abortion. PMID- 1113294 TI - Editorial: Smoking mothers and infant health. PMID- 1113296 TI - Radiologic seminar CXXXXVII: Rose Bengal liver scanning. PMID- 1113297 TI - Nonmalignancy of hybrids derived from two mouse malignant cells. II. Analysis of malignancy of LM (TK-) Cl 1D parental cells. AB - The possibility that Cl 1D cell line, an L-cell line derivative, was a mixture of malignant and nonmalignant cells was investigated because previous experiments showed that some hybrids derived from Cl 1D and tumor cell lines grew in vivo, whereas others apparently did not have that capacity. More highly malignant Cl 1D cells were not selected by animal passage of tumors obtained from inoculation of cultures. The tumor-producing capacity of this line (10%) was greatly increased (81%) in X-irradiated hosts. These observations suggested that the low capacity of Cl 1D cells to grow in vivo did not result from varying degrees of malignancy but mainly from interference of immunogenetic factors between cells and their inbred hosts of origin. Numerous hybrids between tumor and host cells were in all tumors examined. PMID- 1113298 TI - Separation of cells exhibiting acid phosphatase activity from disaggregated hamster prostate cells in an isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium. AB - Cells exhibiting histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase were separated from suspensions of hamster prostate cells with velocity and isopyknic sedimentation. Unseparated suspensions of hamster prostate cells contained 57.2 plus or minus 11.3% cells with histochemically apparent acid phosphatase. After the cells were separated by velocity sedimentation in a previously described isokinetic gradient, the purest fractions from the gradient contained 97.2 plus or minus 0.8% cells with histochemically evident acid phosphatase. More than 99% of these separated cells excluded trypan blue. These cells were thought to be the acinar cells of the prostate. Isopyknic sedimentation was not as effective as velocity sedimentation for the purification of these cells. PMID- 1113299 TI - Correlation between balance of specific chromosomes and expression of malignancy in hamster cells. AB - Four 1-theta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C)-and one dimethylnitrosamine transformed Syrian hamster cell lines were established. All produced tumors when inoculated into newborn hamsters. Specific chromosome changes were found in these lines consistent with changes observed recently by other investigators. Clones that had either high or low malignant potential were derived from two fibrosarcomas produced by one of the ara-C-transformed cell lines. The expression of malignancy in these clones was associated with an excess of 57 chromosomes over 73 chromosomes. PMID- 1113300 TI - Experimental tumor induction in a circumscribed region of the hamster trachea: correlation of histology and exfoliative cytology. AB - A method for the induction of carcinomas in a circumscribed region of the hamster trachea is reported. By means of a special catheter, a solution of N-nitroso-N methylurea was applied twice a week to about a 6-mm length of the trachea 10- to 16-mm distal from teh vocal cords. Slight alteration of this catheter allowed sampling of cytologic specimens directly from the surface of the carcinogen0exposed epithelium. This procedure permitted the simple and accurate correlation of sequential histologic and cytologic changes observed during tumor development in the hamsters. Noninvasive dysplastic and metaplastic lesions were seen in animals killed after 5 and 10 weeks of carcinogen application. These epithelial changes could be readily correlated with abnormal exfoliated cells abundantly present in cytologic specimens from these animals. Exposure to carcinogen for 15 weeks induced a 100% tumor incidence exclusively at the application site. More than 75% of the malignancies appeared within 15-20 weeks after the start of carcinogen administration. Most tumors were epidermoid carcinomas but some anaplastic large-cell carcinomas were also observed. Cytologic specimens of tumor-bearing animals had many cells conclusive of malignancy. The new experimental system lends itself to study of the effect of topically applied anticarcinogenic or cocarcinogenic agents on different carcinogen-induced epithelial lesions whose regression or progression can be followed by exfoliative cytology. PMID- 1113301 TI - Foreign-body tumorigenesis: number, distribution, and cell density of preneoplastic clones. AB - Double 15 times 22-mm plastic films (two films on top of each other) were implanted subcutaneously in CBA/H-T6 mice. After 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5 months the films were removed. Each interior film (next to the abdominal wall), covered by a cell monolayer on one side only, was cut in four 7 times 10-mm segments. Wiping to 5 times 7, 4 times 4, 3 times 3, or 2 times 2 mm reduced the cell areas on three of them. They were then transferred to (CBA/H times CBA/Br)F1 or (CBA/H-Ty times CBA/Br)F1 recipient mice. Tumors arising from transferred film segments were analyzed as to chromosome number and morphology, sarcoma type, degree of anaplasticity, and posttransfer latency. We used these criteria to determine whether tumors originated from the same or different clones. From this information it was estimated that preneoplastic clones were present in limited numbers and that they were either widely disseminated or spatially restricted on the implant surfaces. The extent of clone dissemination appeared to be related to preneoplastic progression. PMID- 1113302 TI - Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid: inhibition of cell proliferation in carcinogen treated epidermis and in carcinogen-induced skin tumors in mice. AB - After administration of the synthetic double-stranded RNA polyinosinic with polycytidylic acid (poly l with poly C) to hairless mice, cell proliferation kinetics were studied in normal epidermis, in epidermis initiated with 3 methylcholanthrene (MCA), in hyperplastic epidermis treated topically with MCA for 15 weeks, and in MCA-induced skin tumors. Poly l with poly C did not influence the mitotic rate or the transit of cells from the G1 phase to the S phase in normal mouse epidermis. Pretreatment of poly l with poly C inhibited cell proliferation in mouse epidermis initiated with MCA for at least 24 hours. In mouse epidermis made hyperplastic by repeated applications of MCA. Poly L with poly C inhibited G1 cells from starting DNA synthesis. Skin tumor DNA synthesis was also altered after poly l with poly C administration. After a short period of enhanced 3-methylthymidine incorporation, tumor DNA synthesis decreased to less than half the control value. The results indicated thatthe antitumorigenic effect of poly l with poly C could be related to its influence on cell proliferation. PMID- 1113303 TI - A simple cell-suspension method for transplantation of V2 carcinoma. AB - A simple and rapid method for the preparation of an essentially monodispersed cell suspension from the rabbit V2 carcinoma, suitable for either large or small amounts of tumor tissue, did not require specialized equipment and yielded relatively large numbers of viable cells. Cell suspensions prepared by this method could be used to approximate a dose-response curve relating the percentage of tumor takes to the number of cells inoculated and could allow quantitative correlations not possible when macroscopic tumor fragments are used for implantation. The method, or slight modifications of it, should prove suitable for most tissues with a significant connective tissue component. PMID- 1113304 TI - Hyperplasia of rat mammary gland in vitro. AB - Rat mammary gland explants placed in organ culture underwent intraductal hyperplasia in the presence of insulin. The hyperplasia reached its maximum at about 2 weeks of culture and exhibited several morphologic variations. By ultrastructural criteria, it was shown that the proliferating cell was derived from the epithelial rather than the myoepithelial component of the ductal lining cells. Testosterone, added at the beginning of the experiment, partially inhibited the hyperplastic process. PMID- 1113305 TI - Some aspects of host response to levamisole after chemotherapy in a murine leukemia. AB - Levamisole (LMS), when used with an effective remission-inducing drug in leukemic mice, resulted in a high percentage of long-term survivors. Histologic examination of spleens from treated leukemic mice showed that LMS caused an earlier return of lymphoid cells in the splenic lymphoid follicles and lymphoid elements in the red pulp. PMID- 1113306 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity in hyperplastic and neoplastic urinary bladder epithelium of mice fed 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - Studies were made on the urinary bladder of 66 BALB/c mice of both sexes; 21 were fed a normal diet and 45, a diet containing 100-500 parts per million (ppm) of 2 acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). Bladder epithelial hyperplasia was noted in 22 of 24 mice given 2-AAF for 7 months and in 20 of 21 given 2-AAF for 19 months. Transitional cell carcinomas were in 12 of 21 mice given 2-AAF for 19 months and in all except the 9 females given the low dose (100 ppm). Special stains revealed marked alkaline phosphatase activity in the bladder epithelium of untreated controls and slightly to moderately reduced activity in the hyperplastic epithelium, particularly the lower layers, of mice given 2-AAF for 7 months. Activity was markedly reduced and confined largely to the upper layers in mice treated for 19 months. The transitional cell carcinomas showed no activity except focally in a few tumor masses in 11 of 12 mice with tumors. Alkaline phosphatase activity was usually slightly to moderately increased in the sub-epithelial stroma after 7 months' treatment with 2-AAF and markedly increased after 19 months. Loss of alkaline phosphatase activity in the bladder epithelium may be a preneoplastic change. PMID- 1113307 TI - Inhibition of migration of murine spleen cells by Rauscher leukemia virus infected syngeneic cells. AB - The in vitro migration of spleen cells from BALB/c mice infected with Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) was markedly inhibited 10 days after RLV inoculation. Mixtures of infected and uninfected spleen cells used in the ratio of 1:4 in an effector-cell/indicator-cell system showed that viable RLV-infected spleen cells could inhibit the migration of uninfected spleen cells in a manner indistinguishable from that mediated by sensitized spleen cell reacting to specific antigen. PMID- 1113308 TI - Transplantation of adenocarcinomas of the colon in mice. AB - 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine treatment induced multiple colon tumors in 100% of NMRI mice. Many of these tumors were transplanted and yielded five serially transplantable tumor lines. These subcutaneously transplanted neoplasms were all adenocarcinomas varying in degree of differentiation and mucin production. No evidence of dedifferentiation or change in growth rate has been seen in up to six transplant generations. These tumor lines appeared to provide relatively stable, well-differentiated models for colorectal cancer. PMID- 1113309 TI - Letter: Immune surveillance revisited. PMID- 1113310 TI - Editorial: Large-bowel cancer: an epidemiologic jigsaw puzzle. PMID- 1113311 TI - Chromatin proteins from human lymphocytes: a gel electrophoretic comparison between normal, mitogen-stimulated, cell-line, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes. AB - Cell-line lymphocytes contained considerably more nonhistone chromatin protein than normal lymphocytes. The overall electrophoretic pattern of the nonhistone chromatin proteins from nonreplicating cell types with predominantly condensed chromatin (normal lymphocytes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes) was similar, as it was between replicating cell types with predominantly decondensed chromatin (mitogen-stimulated normal lymphocytes and cell-line lymphocytes), although all four cell types differed qualitatively. A "heavy" chromatin fraction from cell-line lymphocytes could be distinguished from a "light" fraction and had a pattern similar to that from cells of the condensed chromatin type. Normal lymphocytes contained two acid-soluble chromatin polypeptieds not found in cell line lymphocytes. PMID- 1113312 TI - Alterations in glycosyltransferase activity in human colon cancer. AB - Glycosyltransferase enzymes were measured in homogenates of normal and neoplastic colon epithelium. The levels for exogenous galactosyltransferase and fucosyltransferase and endogenous N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase were higher in the normal tissue. The levels for exogenous and endogenous sialyltransferase and endogenous galactosyltransferase and fucosyltransferase were comparable in the homogenates of normal and cancer cells. Incorporation of fucose and galactose into purified carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), used as an exogenous acceptor by colon glycosyltransferases, was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with rabbit antiserum to human CEA. The normal fucosyltransferase and galactosyltransferase showed higher activity with CEA than did the tumor enzymes. PMID- 1113313 TI - A new apparatus for BCG scarification. AB - A procedure for administering BCG by scarification that allows for speed of application and standardization of technique was discribed. PMID- 1113314 TI - Editorial: Dietary fat and colon cancer. PMID- 1113315 TI - Agglutination of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-tagged normal human leukocytes by concanavalin A: possible relationship to their ability to evoke production of leukemia associated antibodies. AB - Normal peripheral blood leukocytes were tagged with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene at a ratio of 10-11 molecules/cell. One-tenth ml of various concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) was added to 0.2 ml of either tagged or untagged cells (5 times 10-6/ml) and incubated for 20 minutes at ambient temperature, after which agglutination was scored visually. A readily discernible quantitative difference in the agglutinability of 2, 4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-tagged versus untagged cells was seen at all concentrations of Con A in the range of 12.5 800 mug/ml. The reaction was maximal at 24 degrees C, somewhat diminished at 37 degrees C, and minimal at 4 degrees C. The agglutination of DNP-tagged leukocytes by 50 mug Con A/ml was completely blocked with 0.1 M methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (alpha-MG), but as low a concentration as 0.001 M alpha-MG inhibited agglutination of untagged cells. The ability of Con A to agglutinate DNP-tagged normal leukocutes may be attributed to a lowering of the zeta potential, a topographic rearrangement of receptor sites, or the formation of new antigenic determinants similar to those found on malignant cells. The last alternative would be consistent with the observation that DNP-tagged normal leukocytes could evoke the production of antibodies that reacted with leukemic granulocytes. PMID- 1113316 TI - Editorial: Epidemiology: problems in the study of cancers of low incidence and the need for collaboration. PMID- 1113317 TI - Lung cancer mortality in World War I veterans with mustard-gas injury: 1919-1965. AB - A study of the mortality experience of three samples of World War I veterans totaling 7,151 U.S. white males was extended from 1956 through 1965 to learn whether a single exposure to mustard gas with respiratory injury was associated with increased risk of lung cancer in later life. Rosters of men born between 1889 and 1893 [2,718 exposed to mustard gas, 1,855 hospitalized with pneumonia in 1918, and 2,578 with wounds of the extremities (controls)] were traced via the Veterans Administration's death records. The 4,136 deaths reported were 95% of that expected. The conclusions of the original study were not altered by the additional 10 years of follow-up. Observed deaths from lung cancer numbered 69, or 2.5% for the mustard-gas group as compared to 33, or 1.8%, for the pneumonia group and 50, or 1.9%, for the controls. The risk of death from lung cancer among men gassed relative to that for the controls was estimated as 1.3, with 95% confidence limits of 0.9-1.9. These figures failed to make a strong case for a carcinogenic effect, apparently because a suffcient dose of mustard gas was not received, PMID- 1113318 TI - Diagnosis and prognosis in colon cancer based on a profile in immune reactivity. AB - An immunologic profile consisting of measurements of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumor antigen-induced inhibition of monomuclear cell migration (IMM) and skin reactivity to purified protein derivative, streptokinase streptodornase, and mumps was assessed as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in 16 patients with colon cancer. Preoperatively, 10 of 14 patients tested had elevated CEA, 12 of 12 showed tumor antigen-induced IMM, and 10 of 11 failed to react to 2 or more recall antigens. Potential surgical cure (7 patients) was accompanied by normal CEA in 4, absent tumor antigen-induced IMM in all 7, and increased skin test reactivity in 6. Disseminated cancer (9 patients) was associated with elevated CEA in all 9, with absent IMM in all 7 and with suppressed skin-test reactivity in 6 of 9. PMID- 1113319 TI - Multiple primary neoplasms in blacks compared to whites. IV. Further cancers in patients with cancer of the digestive organs. AB - Second primary cancers found among whites and blacks with initial cancer of the digestive organs were reported based on data from the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry. Observed second primary cancers were compared to expected numbers to obtain a direct estimate of risk. Both white and black men had about a twofold risk of developing a second cancer. For white men, the excess was limited to a subsequent skin cancer, but this finding was probably an artifact of reporting and lacked biologic significance. Among women, both white and black, large excesses of invasive cancer of the cervix and ovary were found after an initial cancer of the large intestine and anorectum was discovered. No excess of breast cancer was found. PMID- 1113320 TI - Human antisera detecting leukemia-associated antigens on autochthonous tumor cells. AB - Leukemia patients in remission were immunized with RAJI lymphoid tissue culture cell lines. Four of 7 patients developed antibody to the immunizing cell as well as to allogeneic leukemia cells. Sera from 3 patients were tested against autochthonous tumor cells either frozen or obtained at the time of disease relapse. Patient's sera were cytotoxic to their own leukemia cells; however, this cytotoxicity was lost at the time of relapse. PMID- 1113321 TI - Regression of feline sarcoma virus-induced sarcomas in dogs. I. Morphologic investigations. AB - In a study of morphologic changes in the development and regression of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV)-induced tumors in dogs, 27 weaned and newborn beagle and mongrel puppies were inoculated with FeSV in doses from 1.0 to 3.0 gEq; 2 beagle and 2 mongrel puppies were used as uninoculated contact controls. All animals were examined daily, and crude tumor volume was calculated from length, width, and depth measurements of the neoplasms. Biopsies were done at various stages of tumor development and regression. When tumors were no longer palpable, all puppies were necropsied. Two of 8 (25%) weaned beagle puppies, 10 of 12 (83%) newborn beagles, and 1 of 7 (14%) newborn mongrels developed tumors, all histologically confirmed fibrosarcomas. No metastatic tumor foci were detected. The tumor life-span was divided into approximately equal periods of growth and regression. The initial regression period was characterized by focal necrosis and accompanying neutrophil infiltration. The later stages of regression were characterized by lymphocytic or mixed mononuclear infiltrates. Thus the regression histopathology was not uniform and suggested that different immunologic mediation systems effect regression. Nonneoplastic morphologic changes consisted largely of lymphoid depletion and necrosis in lymph nodes and thymus after inoculation. PMID- 1113322 TI - Host responses with solid tumors. I. Monocytic effector cells within rat sarcomas. AB - Morphologic studies of two unrelated progressively growing sarcomas in rats revealed the presence of a large proportion of host cells distinct from tumor cells. Enzymatically or mechanically dispersed tumor suspensions were fractionated by the velocity sedimentation method, which resulted in a separation of host and tumor cells. The host cells had the typical morphology of macrophages and also were adherent to a plastic surface after a short incubation period. The proportion of host cells was greater in a young (10 or 12 days) than in an older tumor (35 days). These macrophage-like host cells isolated from sarcomas 12 and 35 days after implantation inhibited the colony formation of tumor cells in vitro in the nonspecific manner ascribed to activated marcrophages. In addition to these effector cells, the host fraction contained macrophage precursors able to proliferate in vitro but apparently inhibited by the presence of tumor cells. The results indicated that these macrophage-like effector cells may be the predominant host reaction within some rat sarcomas, and also that thymus- and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes act only indirectly if they are involved. PMID- 1113323 TI - N-nitrosomethylurea as mammary gland carcinogen in rats. AB - N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) given intravenously to rats at age 50 days induced mammary carcinomas in 89% of BUF/N, 73% of Sprague-Dawley, and 89% of F344 females. Latent periods were, respectively, 77, 86, and 94 days. Mortality was negligible. Biologic properties of NMU-induced tumors were tested in the BUF/N inbred strain. Before treatment, it reduced the number of tumors per rat but not the incidence; and after the tumor was established, castration arrested tumor growth or caused a temporary regression of the tumor. Metastases to bone marrow and spleen were constant, but they were rare to the liver and lungs. After the primary tumor was removed, metastases continued to grow but at a slower rate than the growth of the primary tumor. Almost all tumors were transplantable intraperitoneally and/or subcutaneously in the inguinal area of intact as well as ovariectomized and adrenalectomized rats. Transplanted tumors were able to metastasize as were primary tumors. Doubling times of NMU-induced primary and transplanted carcinomas were similar to 7 days. Cachexia ensued at the 5th week from the onset of the first tumor. When the tumor was larger than 15 g, hypercalcemia was usually observed. The treatment described appears to be the simplest method for inducing in rats a most nearly complete model for human mammary carcinomas. PMID- 1113324 TI - Cytotoxic reactions of murine lymphoid cells studied with a tritiated proline microcytotoxicity test. AB - A lymphocyte cytotoxicity (CTX) test with 3-H-proline-prelabeled target cells was used to detect the immune response of murine lymphoid cells to H-2 and tumor antigens. The specificity of the reaction was determined by simultaneous tests on unrelated target cells and, for reactions directed against H-2 antigens, by blocking experiments with alloantiserum directed against the H-2 antigens of the target cells. After a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of allogeneic spleen cells, CTX of unfractionated peritoneal cellswas strong, with a sharp peak on day 5. Repeated ip immunization markedly increased the CTX of unfractionated peritoneal cells. The reaction was strongest when the test was done at 37 degrees C. Sometimes CTX should be detected after as little as 6 hours' incubation. CTX depended primarily on the absolute number of effector or target cells per area rather than on the ratio of effector to target cells. Both nonadherent and adherent peritoneal cells destroyed target cells specifically. The CTX of nonadherent peritoneal cells was increased by 2-mercaptoethanol. The CTX reaction depended on effector cells bearing Tyl-1. Destruction of "innocent bystander" target cells was seen with one of four combinations of unfractionated and nonadherent peritoneal cells from hyperimmune animals. PMID- 1113325 TI - Hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the kidney in Buffalo rats of varying ages ingesting N-4-(4'-flurobiphenyl)acetamide. AB - Inbred Buffalo male and female rats 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks of age ingested 0.04% N-4(4'-fluorobiphenyl)acetamide in a semisynthetic diet for 36 weeks. Animals were killed 12 weeks later. Male rats 24 weeks old were more susceptible to the development of carcinomas of the kidney than were female rats of the same age or younger or older animals of both sexes. Rats with renal cell carcinomas either did not have hepatic carcinomas or had small ones. PMID- 1113326 TI - Effect of dietary beef fat on intestinal tumor formation by azoxymethane in rats. AB - Two groups of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats each were given azoxymethane subcutaneously (8 mg/kg body wt) and fed a normal diet or one high in beef fat. Control groups were not given azoxymethane. The rats on the fat diet consumed less food and gained significantly more weight than the animals on the normal diet. Those given high fat and azoxymethane developed more intestinal tumors than did the dietary controls receiving the carcinogen. Furthermore, they had a greater number of larger tumors and more metastases than did the animals fed normally. No intestinal tumors were observed in control groups not receiving azoxymethane. The results show that the diet high in beef fat enhances the carcinogenic effect of azoxymethane in the rat. PMID- 1113327 TI - Carcinogen chemistry. I. Reactions of protonated dialkylnitrosamines leading to alkylating and aminoalkylating agents of potential metabolic significance. AB - Three distinct modes of protolytic dialkylnitrosamine fragmentation were observed when we followed the time dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of seven nitrosamines in superacid solution: 1) In equimolar HSO3F: SbF5 ("magic acid"), dimethylnitrosamine was cleaved to the protonated Schiff base of formaldehyde and methylamine, and diethylnitrosamine was similarly converted to the protonated acetaldehydeethylamine Schiff base.2) By contrast, of the five dipropyl-and dibutylnitrosamines were studied, all cleaved nonoxidatively under these conditions (with loss of nitrogen gas) to the corresponding propyl or butyl cations. The carbocations thus produced underwent condensation and fragmentation to form the tert-butyl cation as the principal product ultimately observable by NMR. 3) Thethird fragmentation mechanism, which involved denitrosation to the dialkylammonium ion, was observed only as a minor pathway in the sulfuric or fluorosulfuric acid protolysis of dimethylnitrosamine. The mechanisms that are postulated for these cleavage reactions, if functioning in vivo, could account for several metabolic observations that have proved difficult to reconcile with previous conceptions of nitrosamine metabolism. PMID- 1113328 TI - Correlation between the carcinogenicities of nitrofuran derivatives and their destructive actions on sebaceous glands of mouse skin. AB - The effects of six nitrofuran derivatives (including a formerly used food preservative) on mouse skin sebaceous glands were investigated. A close correlation was found between the carcinogenicities and destructive activities of nitrofuran derivatives on the sebaceous glands. 5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone and 4-methyl-1-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-imidazolidinone, which are carcinogenic, caused marked destruction of the glands at a dose of 1-5 mg/mouse. 2-(5-Nitro-2-furfurylidene)-aminoethanol almost completely destroyed the glands at a dose of 5 mg/mouse; its carcinogenicity has not yet been investigated. 1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-carcinogenic, did not affect the glands, even at a dose of 5 mg/mouse. 2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide, which is a potent mutagen but not carcinogenic, had no effect on the glands at a dose of 5 mg/mouse. Under similar conditions, the potent carcinogen 7,12 dimethylbenz(alpha)athracene almost completely destroyed the sebaceous glands at a dose of 0.05 mg/mouse, but dimethyl sulfoxide (used as solvent for the test compounds) had no effect. PMID- 1113329 TI - Tumor initiation by N-acyloxy derivatives of piperidine and N-arylacetamides. AB - Four N-Acetoxy-N-arylacetamides previously found to be local sarcomagens in the rat have been found to be initiators of tumorigenesis in mouse skin. The order of activity was: N-acetoxy-2-acetamidophenanthrene greater than N-acetoxy-4 acetamino-stilbene similar to N-acetoxy-2-acetamido-fluorene greater than N acetoxy-4-acetamidobiphenyl. Two substituted N-benzoyloxypiperidines previously shown to yield nitrenium ions on solvolysis in methanol also had initiating activity in mouse skin. PMID- 1113330 TI - Tumor response in strain A mice exposed to silylating compounds used for gas liquid chromatography. AB - Six reagents used to silylate, alkylate, or acylate compounds for ease of identification on gas chromatographic columns significantly increased the frequency of lung tumors in A/He mice. PMID- 1113331 TI - Failure to detect chromosome damage in vivo in Friend virus-infected leukemic mice. AB - The cytogenetic activity of Friend virus (FV) was tested in vivo on spleen and bone marrow cells of FV-infected leukemic C3H/HeJ and STS mice. No specific chromosome rearrangements were detected in the infected animals. Some chromosome abnormalities were recorded in both normal and diseased animals; however, aberrations did not significantly increase in the leukemic groups. PMID- 1113332 TI - Matrical inclusions induced by clofibrate in hepatic microbodies of rats fed 2 acetylaminofluorene. AB - Abnormal inclusions in microbodies were induced by clofibrate in hepatocytes of hyperplastic liver nodules in rats fed 2-acetylaminofluorene. These were matrical tubules and plates, each with the same ultrastructural features as those reported previously by other investigators. A hyperplastic state of hepatocytes induced by hepatocarcinogens might be related to the formation of these inclusions in response to clofibrate. PMID- 1113333 TI - Complications of intrauterine contraceptive devices. PMID- 1113334 TI - The black film boom: decerebrate, dangerous and declining. PMID- 1113335 TI - The use of pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of megaherniae. PMID- 1113336 TI - Indications for colonoscopy in surgical practice. PMID- 1113337 TI - Pheochromocytoma in blacks. PMID- 1113338 TI - Pitfalls in the cytologic interpretation of intrauterine jet irrigation specimens. PMID- 1113339 TI - Experience with ketamine anesthesia. PMID- 1113340 TI - The health status of urban black preschool children. PMID- 1113341 TI - Method and usage of ultrasonography in clinical medicine. PMID- 1113342 TI - The prevention of perforated appendicitis. A challenge for health education. PMID- 1113343 TI - Benign testis tumor: epidermoid testicular cyst. PMID- 1113344 TI - The Howard-Tulane challenge. A medical education reinfrocement and enrichemnt program. PMID- 1113345 TI - Comprehensive family planning services to an urban black community. A three year experience. PMID- 1113346 TI - The black physician, the black family, and health maintenance organizations. PMID- 1113347 TI - The management of postoperative ureterovaginal fistulae. PMID- 1113348 TI - Editorial: "Sine qua non(s)" for National Health Insurance. PMID- 1113349 TI - Editorial: The malpractice dilemma. PMID- 1113350 TI - The development of pulmonary ultrastructural lesions during hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 1113351 TI - Injuries to the cervical spine from diving accidents. PMID- 1113352 TI - "Pseudocardiogenic" pulmonary edema. AB - Fifteen postoperative surgical patients, in whom noncardiac pulmonary edema developed were studied. A presumptive diagnosis of left ventricle failure would have been based on historical evidence of heart disease (80%), electrocardiographic changes of ischemia or arrythmia (87%), or cardiogenic shock (20%). (see article) Fig. 6. PAEDP-PCW gradient. Note that arterial oxygen tension had an inverse relationship to this pressure differential. Roentgenographic findings included pulmonary edema (73%), pulmonary vascular congestion (60%), cardiomegaly or congestive heart failure (40%). Mean increase in A-aDO2 was 290 torr. Further cardiovascular investigation seemed to exclude left ventricular failure. Mean cardiac index was 4.1 plus or minus 1.3 L/min/m2; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 4 plus or minus 2.7 torr, and stroke work was 87 plus or minus 8.7 gm-meters. Possible etiologic agents included elevated pulmonary artery pressure (67%), allergic reactions (27%), peritonitis or multiple system trauma (54%), or multiple transfusions (33%). Forty-seven per cent of the entire group survived. Therapy was directed toward the underlying noncardiogenic suspected etiology. Direct cardiovascular measurements were necessary to correct the erroneous though seemingly well founded suspected diagnosis of left ventricular failure in these patients. PMID- 1113353 TI - Physiologic response to impact. AB - The football field, an ideal setting for research in trauma by radiotelemetry, has allowed collection of data on man's response to impact. The physiologic response adds a new dimension to the measurement of impact tolerance. The present study has demonstrated the protective response of the athlete and explains how he is able to dissipate forty times more kinetic energy than his helmet is capable of absorbing. PMID- 1113354 TI - A fracture board to facilitate the management of supracondylar humeral fractures in children. AB - A simple fracture board and its construction is described to facilitate the radiological and nursing management of children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus which are managed with lateral skeletal traction. PMID- 1113355 TI - Early operative management of isolated sternal fractures. PMID- 1113356 TI - Traumatic non-union of the sternum (report of a case). PMID- 1113357 TI - Multiple spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - 1. Concomitant cervical and thoracic spine fractures are reported in a patient with advanced ankylosing spondylitis (second reported case). 2. The thoracic T9 10 interspace fracture-dislocation was grossly unstable, as well as the C7-T1 fracture-dislocation. 3. The higher incidence of cord injury following spinal fracture-dislocations in these patients is discussed. 4. The dangers of inadequate postinjury immobilization in those patients fortunate enough to be neurologically intact following spinal fracture are stressed. PMID- 1113358 TI - Widened interpedicular distance secondary to trauma. AB - A case of increased interpedicular distance in a patient involved in an auto accident is presented. With a fracture of the vertebral body, this radiologic sign indicates an associated fracture through the posterior elements. The importance of this diagnosis is emphasized, in order to prevent serious neurologic sequelae. PMID- 1113359 TI - Right axillary artery bullet embolus following gunshot wound of the back. PMID- 1113360 TI - Editorial: The role of the trauma management committee. PMID- 1113361 TI - Presidential address, 1974. PMID- 1113362 TI - The psychological implications of severe trauma: emotional sequelae to unconsciousness; A preliminary study. PMID- 1113363 TI - Injury patterns in motorcycle collisions. AB - This report describes the incidence, nature, and severity of trauma for injuried and medically treated motorcyclists in Sacramento County, California in 1970. Using official police reports, hospital admission, and emergency-room medical records, 1,273 persons with a confirmed medically treated motorcycle injury were identified. Since less than 39% of all injured motorcyclists were identified in this study by use of official police reports only, statistics which rely solely on these reports greatly underestimate the frequency of motorcycle collision injuries in the community. The annual injury incidence was 2.0 per 1,000 population, with peak incidence injury rate for male drivers 18 years of age. Slightly more than 4% of all registered motorcycles were involved in an injury producing collision in a single year. Almost 45% of injured motorcyclists suffered a serious injury, with injuries to the musculoskeletal system in the form of fractures being the most common. The average length of hospital stay was 12 days, and three-fourths of those injured indicated one or more days of disability. Physicians should be alert to the fact that persons injured in motorcycle collisions commonly sustain multiple fractures and other serious injuries. PMID- 1113364 TI - Fine structure studies on the planarian, Dugesia. I. Nature of the "neoblast" and other cell types in noninjured worms. PMID- 1113365 TI - Analysis of regular arrays of subunits on bacterial surfaces: evidence for a dynamic process of assembly. PMID- 1113366 TI - High voltage and scanning electron microscopy of the site of stimulus reception of an insect mechanoreceptor. PMID- 1113367 TI - Reciprocal synapses between cholinergic postganglionic axon and adrenergic interneuron in the cardiac ganglion of the turtle. PMID- 1113368 TI - Ultrastructural changes in human prostatic epithelium grown in vitro. PMID- 1113369 TI - Genetic analysis of adenovirus type 2. I. Isolation and genetic characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants. AB - Temperature-sensitive mutants which replicate normally at 33 C but poorly at 39 C were isolated from nitrosoguanidine- or nitrous acid-mutagenized adenovirus 2 by (i) testing the cytopathic effect or inclusion body-forming capacity of random plaque isolates, or (ii) reduced plaque enlargement upon shifting from 33 to 39 C. Thirty-six mutants were isolated with 33 C/39 C plaque ratios varying from 20 to 10-5. Some of these mutants could be arranged into 13 groups by the complementation test. By means of recombination analysis a provisional linear genetic map was constructed. PMID- 1113370 TI - Sequence relationships between adenovirus 2 early RNA and viral RNA size classes synthesized at 18 hours after infection. AB - Synthesis of cytoplasmic viral RNA was studied during infection of cultured human (KB) cells with adenovirus 2. At 6 h, before viral DNA synthesis began 5% of the poly(A)-containing RNA hybridized to viral DNA; by 12 h and at later times more than 80% was virus specified. At 18 h after infection, four major size classes of cytoplasmic viral RNA were identified among the poly(A)-containing molecules. These size classes migrated as 27S, 24S, 19S, and 12 to 15S in polyacrylamide gels. The three larger size classes could also be identified in denaturing formamide gels. Hybridization of the 27S, 24S, and 19S viral RNAs was not inhibited by RNA harvested from cells at early times in infection. Therefore, these three major RNAs must code for late viral proteins. Hybridization of the 12 to 15S RNA was partially inhibited by RNA from cultures harvested at early times, suggesting that in this size class some of the RNA labeled at 18 h codes for early viral proteins. PMID- 1113371 TI - Comparative biophysical studies of hepatitis B antigen, subtypes adw and ayw. AB - Comparative biophysical and biochemical analyses were performed on purified preparations of hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag) subtypes adw and ayw, including isoelectric pH evaluations, analysis of the different morphological forms, molecular weight determinations, and analysis of the polypeptides by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Both HBs Ag-positive plasma and purified HBs Ag were analyzed by electrofocusing in a sucrose ampholyte gradient. Four distinct populations of HBs Ag with a pH range of 4.5 plus or minus 0.1 to 5.4 plus or minus 0.1 for unfractionated plasma samples and 3.9 plus or minus 0.05 to 4.9 plus or minus 0.05 for purified samples were detected in both adw and ayw preparations. Electron microscopic studies of each population of purified HBs Ag revealed 19- to 27-nm spheres in each fraction. Purified material labeled with 125I by the chloramine-T method behaved as one major population with an isoelectric pH value of 3.9 plus or minus 0.1. Purified adw preparations revealed a major population with a molecular weight of 3.7 times 10-6 and a second one of 4.6 times 10-6. Purified preparations of ayw contained one population with a molecular weight of 4.6 times 10-6. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of purified HBs Ag revealed nine polypeptides for ayw and seven for adw particles. These studies indicate that purified preparations of HBs Ag are heterogeneous and that distinct differences can be detected between the two subtypes. PMID- 1113372 TI - Characterization of type 5 adenovirus fiber protein. AB - Type 5 adenovirus fiber protein was purified and subjected to chemical characterization. Equilibrium sedimentation ultracentrifugation analysis indicated that the intact fiber has a molecular weight of approximately 183,000. Denaturation and chemical analyses implied that the fiber consists of three polypeptide chains, each of about 61,000 mol wt. Mapping of tryptic peptides and electrophoretic separation of the constituent chains suggested that the intact fiber consists of two identical and one unique polypeptide chains. PMID- 1113373 TI - The 3'-terminal nucleotide sequences of adenovirus types 2 and 5 DNA. AB - Short nucleotide sequences at the 3'-termini of adenovirus types 2 and 5 DNA have been determined using T4 DNA polymerase as described by P. T. Englund (1972). The terminal sequences of both serotypes appear to be completely identical. Both molecular ends of type 2 as well as of type 5 DNA terminate with the sequence ...pCpC...pGpApTpG3', consistent with the presence of an inverted terminal repetition in adenovirus DNA. PMID- 1113374 TI - T4 DNA polymerase (gene 43) is required in vivo for repair of gaps in recombinants. AB - Experiments with a mutant of T4, tsL97, temperature sensitive for gene 43, showed that T4 DNA polymerase was necessary in vivo to repair gaps in recombinant molecules. CsCl density gradient experiments showed that molecular recombinants were not repaired when the T4tsL97-infected cells were shifted to 42 C after replication and recombination had taken place. Repair was almost complete when the same procedure was followed with the wild-type T4, or when the T4tsL97 infected cells were incubated at the permissive temperature, 36 C. Long-single strand production was also affected similarly by the T4tsL97 mutation. All the results were consistent with the theory that gaps exist in many recombinant molecules at the recombinant joint, that T4 DNA polymerase is the enzyme that repairs these gaps in vivo, and that covalent repair of the recombinants leads to extensive long-single-strand production. PMID- 1113375 TI - Host-phage interaction on Agrobacterium tumefaciens. IV. Phage-directed protein synthesis. AB - Gel electrophoretic and autoradiographic techniques were used to detect the temporal sequence of protein synthesis after infection of the sensitive strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens with phage LV-1. Three classes of protein were detected: early proteins, class I, which include a protein capable of shutting off host protein synthesis; class II, proteins which are detected after 30 min; and late proteins, class III, which include the phage-directed endolysin and five additional proteins that appear 45 min after infection. PMID- 1113376 TI - Method for determination of nucleotide sequence homology between viral genomes by DNA reassociation kinetics. AB - A model and appropriate equations were derived for the quantitative estimation of nucleotide sequence homology between two partially related viral genomes by measurement of the initial rate of reassociation of one labeled DNA in the presence of a second unlabeled DNA. The validity and usefulness of this procedure were demonstrated by the analysis of the reassociation kinetics of labeled adenovirus 7 DNA in the presence of unlabeled adenovirus 2 DNA. Based on DNA reassociation, the extent of homology between adenovirus 2 and 7 genomes was found to be 10 to 12%. The duplex formed between adenovirus 2 and 7 DNA had the appropriate thermal stability for a well-matched DNA-DNA hybrid. PMID- 1113377 TI - Template activity of complexes formed between bacteriophage f2 RNA and coat protein. AB - Formation of complexes between f2 RNA polymerase cistron was partially inhibited, some RNA and coat protein was studied using salt conditions which are optimum for phage protein synthesis. In this ionic environment, coat protein precipitation can be prevented by sulfhydryl group-protecting agents. Complexes formed at different protein-RNA input molar ratios were isolated and tested for template activity in an in vitro protein synthesizing system. Simultaneously, the number of protein molecules bound per RNA strand in such complexes was measured by the membrane (Millipore) filtration technique. Under conditions in which translation of the RNA strands were complexed with six molecules of coat protein, whereas some remained unbound. Strong inhibition of the translation of the RNA polymerase cistron was observed when each of the RNA strands present in the mixture was associated with six molecules of coat protein. PMID- 1113378 TI - Agglutination of Japanese encephalitis virus with concanavalin A. AB - Results of experiments have indicated that reduction in biological activities at high concentrations of Japanese encephalitis virus is caused by aggregates of the virus by concanavalin A. The possibility exists that the concanavalin A binding site is different from hemagglutination and antireceptor sites of Japanese encephalitis virus. PMID- 1113379 TI - Complementation of human adenovirus type 5 ts mutants by human adenovirus type 12. AB - Temperature-sensitive mutants of type 5 adenovirus belonging to eight complementation groups were complemented in mixed infection by type 12 adenovirus, whereas mutants of 7 other groups were not enhanced. In some crosses, phenotypic mixing took place. No evidence of recombination between type 5 ts mutants and type 12 was found. PMID- 1113380 TI - Anaphylaxis manifested by hypotension alone. AB - Three instances of life-threating adverse reations to intravenous contrast media and penicillin have been presented. Hypotension was the major presenting sign, and was prolonged and relieved only by copious dluid therapy. In 1 case the onset of hypotension was delayed for an hour. Urologists should be aware of the variety and proper treatment of drug reactions. PMID- 1113381 TI - Succinylcholine-induced ventricular fibrillation in the paralyzed urology patient. AB - A myelotomy patient with succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia and ventricular fibrillation was succesfully resusciated. The urologist and anesthetist can prevent this problem by using non-depolarizing muscle relaxants in patients with denervated skeletal muscle. PMID- 1113382 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis in an infant. AB - A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a 4-month-old japanese boy is reported. This patient is the youngest one described in the literature with a tumor of this type. The differential points of Wilms tumor and other types of neonatal renal tumors are discussed. PMID- 1113383 TI - Management of ureteral obstruction after an antireflux operation: triangular flap ureteroplasty. AB - Pronounced ureteral obstruction following an antireflux operation is an uncommon but often difficult problem to manage. Based on a limited experience we have found that triangular flap ureteroplasty is a worthwhile means of repeat reimplantation of the obstructed ureter and perhaps provides a better alternative than transureteroureterostomy. PMID- 1113384 TI - Use of ileocystoplasty in the hypertonic neurogenic bladder. AB - An ileocystoplasty was used successfully in the management of incontinence secondary to a hypertonic neurogenic bladder. The indications for its use and possible benefits in patients with neurogenic bladder have been discussed. PMID- 1113385 TI - Treatment with phenoxybenzamine of upper urinary tract complications caused by intravesical obstruction. AB - Five children in whom reflux and progressive hydronephrosis persisted despite multiple surgical attempts or repair are described. In all cases cystomanometry displayed a marked elevation of the bladder outlet resistance combined with high intravesical pressure values. Therapy with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was successful in all cases, restoring a free urine passage of the upper urinary tract and unimpaired voiding preventing urinary diversion which has been considered in some of these children. Although there were no signs of bladder neuropathy, a hyperfunction of the sympathetic innervation as acause for bladder complications is discussed. PMID- 1113386 TI - Congenital urethral fistula with chordee. AB - The tenth reported case of congenital urethral fistula with chordee was repaired by a 1-stage procedure. The ventral intact prepuce was used to form a tubular pedicle flap from which the distal portion of the new urethra was constructed. The proximal neourethra was fashioned from a tubular pedicle flap based at the proximal fistulous orifice. The prevailing hypothesis advanced for the etiology of hypospadias postulates a deficiency of testicular evocator substance prior to complete formation of the urethra. This theory inadequately explains the genesis of congenital urethral fistula as well as chordee without hypospadias. Congenital urethral fistula and congenital chordee without hypospadias are best explained by the theory of deficient urethral plate. PMID- 1113387 TI - The insignificance of an elevated acid phosphatase in children. AB - Acid phosphatase values in normal children were incorrectly assumed to be within the same range of adult levels. The enzyme was found to be elevated in 25 boys less than 14 years old and did not return to adult levels until after puberty. It is emphasized that extensive genitourinary investigation and prostatic biopsy are not indicated on the basis of elevated enzyme levels in the prepuberal age group. PMID- 1113388 TI - Enterobius vermicularis infestation and secondary enuresis. AB - We recently saw 5 young girls with the sudden onset of frequency and enuresis secondary to enterobius vermicularis. All children had sterile urine and 4 had been unjustly considered neurotic. Anthelmintic therapy resulted in an immediate cure in all 5 cases. More frequent diagnosis and treatment of this common ailment would do a great service to affected girls and their families. PMID- 1113389 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced renal cell carcinoma with vinblastine and CCNU. AB - Forty-four patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (stage IV) were divided into 3 groups. The 23 patients in group 1 received CCNU alone,the 6 patients in group 2 received CCNU and vinblastine and the 15 patients in group 3 received methyl CCNU and vinblastine. The over-all response, subjective and objective, was 30% in group 1, 60% in group 2 and 54% in group 3. These results are compared to other existing modalities of treatment and appear to be superior. PMID- 1113390 TI - Ureteroarterial fistula. AB - Among the many complications of total pelvic exenteration is a fistulous communication between the iliac artery and ureter. We reported 1 such case complicated by near exsanguination and shock. Repair of the fistula was accomplished by closure of the iliac rent and cutaneous ureterostomy. PMID- 1113391 TI - Urodynamic assessment of ureteral obstruction in retroperitoneal fibrosis,. AB - A means of assessing the degree of obstruction of the ureter involved in retroperitoneal fibrosis by perfusion studies is described and the results in 3 patients are discussed. This type of urodynamic assessment is recommended when the extent of lysis of the ureter is in question. PMID- 1113392 TI - External sphincterotomy in traumatic and non-traumatic neurogenic bladder dysfunction. AB - Experience with external sphincterotomy in 40 patients with traumatic and non traumatic neurogenic bladder is reviewed. The procedure is a safe, reliable technique designed to establish a balanced neurogenic bladder in patients with detrusorsphincter dyssynergia. Spincterotomy should be performed in most patients before consideration of supravesical diversion. PMID- 1113393 TI - Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder. AB - Nephrongenic adenoma is a rare, apparently benign lesion of the bladder, occuring predominantly in young male subjects. Although it may occur spontaneously several cases have developed after trauma to the bladder. Histologically the lesion consists of tubules lined by a single layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium resembling renal tissue and should be regarded as an unusual form of metaplasia of the bladder urothelium. Treatment by parenteral administration of broad spectrum antibotics and diathermy excision has produced satisfactory results. Long-term followup is recommended. PMID- 1113394 TI - Paraganglioma of the bladder: report of a case. AB - A patient with a most unusual neoplasm of the bladder, a paraganglioma, is presented herein. A combination of episodes of hypertension during or immediately after micturition associated with hematuria is almost pathognomonic of this condition. The patient presented with hematuria only. Less than 7 per cent of all reported cases have a malignant course. The proper treatment appears to be partial cystectomy with wide margins of the affected area, being prepared for wide fluctuations in blood pressure in those patients who have elevated catecholamine levels preoperatively. PMID- 1113395 TI - Lesions of bone and bladder cancer. PMID- 1113396 TI - Urethral adenocarcinoma (possibly originating in the glands of Littre). AB - Adenocarcinoma involving the bulbomenbranous urethra is a rare disease. This disease is describe in a 30-year-old man and the surgical management is detailed. The adenocarcinoma described seems to have arisen from the periurethral glands of littre. Despite the radical nature of the tumor excision, it was possible to spare the distal penis in order to achieve a more normal appearance of the external genitalia. PMID- 1113397 TI - Acute urinary retention secondary to metastatic prostatic carcinoma to the penis: a case report. PMID- 1113398 TI - Testicular scanning: a new modality for the preoperative diagnosis of testicular torsion. AB - A simple, safe and rapid scanning procedure using 99-m technetium is described for the diagnosis of torsion of testicles. The procedure is especially useful in the adult with an enlarged scrotum of recent origin in whom the surgeon cannot clinically differentiate torsion of the testicle from epididmitis. It is not suggested that this procedure replace immediate scrotal exploration in the acutely illpatient. PMID- 1113399 TI - The diagnosis of torsion of the testicule using the Doppler ultrasonic stethoscope. PMID- 1113400 TI - Torsion of the testis diagnosed by ultrasound. AB - An ultrasonic method to diagnose acute testicular torsion is presented. With the doppler principle the presence of absence of intratesticular arterial pulsation can be demonstrated. In 5 patients with acute testicular torsion and 10 patients with epididymitis a correct ultrasonic diagnosis was made. In long-standing torsions some arterial pulsation may be present. PMID- 1113401 TI - The nitrofurans as sperm immobilizing agents. AB - In certain critical concentrations nitrofurantoin sodium and nitrofurazone cause sperm immobilization. Intraoperative was irrigation with these solutions in 16 patients produced sterility in the immediate postoperative period. This procedure minimizes time-consuming postoperative sperm analyses. Moreover, in underdeveloped countries where postoperative followup is difficult to obtain, this procedure would provide an additional positive factor in an attempt to ensure sterility. PMID- 1113402 TI - A clinical study of vasectomy failure and recanalization. AB - An analysis was made of the 26 unsuccessful operations from the 2,197 vasectomies performed in a non-profit medical facility. Hhe operations were performed by 6 physicians and significant differences were found in the failure rates. In all instances the tissue removed proved to be vas deferens when examined histologically. Two factors seem to account for the differences of failure rates amoung the physicians; 1) the lenght of vas excised and 2) the character of thechnique. Phsicians with a high rate of success removed a significantly longer section of vas than physicians exhibiting higher failure rates. At least 15 mm. of vas should be excised to maximize the success of the procedure. Excised vas segments less than 15 mm. had up to a 25-fold greater incidence of failure. Although considered of secondary importance, good surgical technique subjectively measured by the minimal amount of accessory tissue attached to the excised vasa was also considered to aid in reducing the number of vasectomy failures. PMID- 1113403 TI - Bilateral renal aspergillosis. AB - The recent increased use of steriods, immunosuppressive agents and cytotoxic drugs has been associated with a rise in the incidence of significant fungal disease. The first case of bilateral renal aspergillosis without disseminated involvement is reported. A multitherapeutic approach, including surgical evacuation of masses of hyphae, parenteral antimycotic chemotherapy and topical instillations of amphotericin B, were necessary to clear the kidneys. Newer systemic agents such as 5-fluorocytosine and rifampicin were also used. Treatment of fungal infections of the urinary tract is discussed. PMID- 1113404 TI - Angiographic management of bleeding secondary to genitourinary tract surgery. AB - Angiographic methods were applied to control bleeding in 2 patients following genitourinary tract operations. In 1 patient hemorrhage into the prostatic bed after needle biopsy of the prostate was controlled with embolic occlusion of branches of the hypogastric arteries. In the second patient bleeding from the ileum following ileal loop cutaneous diversion was controlled with the infusion of vasopressin into the superior mesenteric artery. Therefore, angiography offers an attractive alternative to an operation in the management of postoperative hemmorrhage from the genitourinary tract. PMID- 1113405 TI - The alternating use of an alkalizing salt and acetazolamide in the management of cystine and uric acid stones. PMID- 1113406 TI - Editorial: The American Board of Urology. PMID- 1113407 TI - Renal biopsy compared to renal plasma flow in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 1113409 TI - The removal of renal carcinoma thrombus extending into the right atrium. AB - A relatively simple technique is described for removal of intra-atrial extension of renal cell carcinoma. A balloon catheter is inserted through an incision in the inferior vena cava and inflated in the atrium. Coupled with an elevation of venous pressure this procedure provides control beyond the tumor and a mechanism for withdrawal of the tumor to the abdominal venotomy for extraction. Radical nephrectomy and resection of directly invaded cava complete a definitive surgical procedure. The technique has proved satisfactory in 2 patients. PMID- 1113408 TI - Renal pelvic tumors. AB - A study was made of 35 patients with tumors of the renal pelvis. Tumors were indipendently graded and staged by a newly proposed method. The method of staging correlated well with grading of renal pelvic tumors and bore a direct relationship with prognosis. The high incidence of associated urothelial tumors, especially on the involved side, mandated radical nephroureterectomy including a bladder cuff as the treatment of choice. PMID- 1113410 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis with intrinsic ureteral involvement. AB - Two cases of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis are discribed. In both cases intrinsic involvement of the ureteral muscularis was found, which is in contradistinction to the classical description of ureteral encasement or compression by the process without actual invasion. Surgical procedures, in addition to ureterolysis, may be required. PMID- 1113411 TI - Antireflux ureteroileal anastomoses in humans. AB - It is now apparent that the standard total cystectomy and Bricker procedure, by eliminating the ureterovesical junction with its reliable antireflux mechanism, markedly reduces the protection of the upper urinary tracts. In an attempt to restore this protective principle, the subserosal ileoureteral antireflux procedure was devised and subsequently performed in 6 patients with infiltrating bladder carcinoma. The operation is technically easy to perform, it is not time consuming and has consistently prevented ileoureteral relux without causing obstruction. There have been no serious complications, no episodes of pyelonephritis or urinary leakage and no evidence of renal functional deterioration as measured by serum creatinine and IVP. Although it is still to early to predict the eventual long-term results our experience with the first 6 patients with the antireflux ileoureteral anastomosis suggests that this modification of the original Bricker procedure offers superior protection to the upper urinary tracts. PMID- 1113412 TI - The effect of digitalis on the bladder in man. AB - The effects of intravenous digitalis on the bladder were investigated in 36 patients. Digitalis consistently decreased the bladder capacity and in some it increased the intravesical pressure. The significance of these findings and its clinical applications are discussed. PMID- 1113413 TI - Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: 16 years of experience. AB - The records of 141 consecutive patients who underwent simple or radical cystectomy between 1955 and 1971 were reviewed. Symptoms, interval before diagnosis, and stage and grade of lesion were analyzed and correlated with survival rates. Although stage was the most critical determinant of survival, grade, presence or absence of dysuria and delay in diagnosis were also important. Preoperative radiotherapy caused downstaging in 41.2 per cent of patients, with complete disappearance of tumor in some. Postoperative complications from cystectomy and from various forms of urinary diversion were correlated with the type of diversion, type of ureteral anastomosis, radiotherapy and stents. Improved operative techniques, method of fluid balance, and preoperative and postoperative care have led to a progressively decreased operative mortality in patients with carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 1113414 TI - Post-obstructive diuresis: a varied syndrome. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to define the clinical features, natural history and etiology of post-obstructive diuresis. Studied in detail were 8 patients with a massive diuresis after relief of urinary tract obstruction. We found that urea mediated osmotic diuresis, natriuresis owing to elimination of retained sodium from the obstructed phase, tubular defects in sodium reabsorption, renal unresponsiveness to antidiuretic hormone and iatrogenic factors may play varying roles in each individual diuresis. Overzealous fluid replacement should be avoided. PMID- 1113415 TI - The eradication of intraurethral condyloma acuminata with 5 per cent 5 fluorouracil cream. AB - Twenty patients have had successful eradication of intraurethral condyloma acuminata by the intraurethral instillation of 5 per cent 5-fluorouracil cream. Avoidable complications are scrotal irritation and meatitis. Endoscopic examination is delayed until distal lesions have been eradicated. The method is safe, inexpensive, painless, and effective. PMID- 1113416 TI - Granulomatous orchitis. AB - Three cases of an uncommon but extremely interesting inflammatory process are reported. As our discussion indicates, many questions remain unanswered. It is important to recognize this condition because it is often initially thought to be neoplastic. The disease is characterized by acute recurring exacerbations over a long period and is often associated with urinary tract infections or trauma. The testis is almost always extremely firm and frequently enlarged and tender. We believe that orchiectomy is indicated in most instances, except in extremely young individuals and those in whom the only remaining testicle is involved. Biopsy is probably sufficient in the latter case unless symptoms persist. The final diagnosis must rest on the exclusion of other granulomatous diseases as well as the microscopic picture. PMID- 1113417 TI - Hemangioendothelioma of the testis. AB - A case of hemangioendothelioma of the testis is reported. Although the tumor has been reported in almost all organs and tissues, this is the first case involving the testis to be found in the literature. A distinction is made between the benign and the malignant form of the tumor. Hemangioendothelioma of the corpus cavernosum is discussed. PMID- 1113418 TI - The surgical management of scrotal and penile lymphedema. AB - Presented here are 3 cases of penile and scrotal lymphedema of different etiologies and the results of surgical treatment. Also presented is a brief discussion of the etiology, pathophysiology and surgical techniques useful in treating scrotal and penile lymphedema. PMID- 1113419 TI - Preliminary evaluation of urinary polyamines in the diagnosis of genitourinary tract malignancy. AB - Normal ranges for urinary polyamines have been obtained. Non-malignant genitourinary tract disease is not associated with elevated urinary polyamines. A high correlation exists between the presence of active urologic cancer and elevated urinary excretion of polyamines. Post-treatment polyamines correlate with the continued presence or absence of genitourinary tract malignancy. PMID- 1113420 TI - Common renal pelvis: a case report. PMID- 1113421 TI - Congenital hypoplasia of the proximal ureter. PMID- 1113422 TI - Complications of megaureter repair in children. AB - In the last 14 years 160 megaureters were repaired in 110 patients. Complications encountered are described as well as suggestions which can help prevent and correct them. PMID- 1113423 TI - Fetal vesicoureteral reflux. AB - Intrauterine fetal vesicoureteral reflux has been demonstrated in a 25-week fetus. A voiding cystourethrogram when the patient was 1 year old showed persistence of the bilateral reflux. No urinary tract infectious have been documented. A survey of other physicians performing fetal transfusions indicates that fetal cystograms are infrequently obtained and that vesicoureteral reflux has been observed by ourselves and one other contributing physician. The incidence of reflux in fetal cystograms reviewed appears to be higher than would be expected when compared to normal premature babies, newborns, infants and children. This procedure provides an unusual opportunity to document intrauterine fetal vesicoureteral reflux and later obtain followup cystourethrograms in these children to determine the resolution or progression of this urinary tract abormality. PMID- 1113424 TI - Carcinoma of the bladder in children. AB - Apparently, epithelial bladder tumors in children differ markedly from their more malignant counterparts in adults. The childhood bladder epithelial tumors morphologically are of a lower grade malignancy, show no evidence of invasion and no tendency to recur. Therefore, all cases thus far reported have resulted in a benign clinical course with a 100 per cent survival rate. These childhood epithelial bladder tumors apparently do not recur, which is in sharp contrast to their adult counterparts. However, this should not lessen the urologist's obligation to provide routine cystoscopic re-evaluation. PMID- 1113425 TI - Carcinoma of the bladder in young children: report of 2 cases. AB - Papillary epithelial tumors in the bladders of a 2-year-old and a 3-year-old child are described because of the rarity of the condition in children and some unusual features. PMID- 1113426 TI - Obstructive posterior urethral valves: the light at the end of the tunnel. PMID- 1113427 TI - A new dimension in the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves in children. AB - Infants with posterior urethral valves may seem to have diverse and unrelated symptoms when, in fact, the clinical findings are all related to the primary effect of the valves during various stages of early growth. In some, prenatal urinary obstruction leads to such severe oligohydramnios that the fetus is stillborn. Others, somewhat less affected, are born alive but have severe respiratory distress from hypoplastic (stiff) lungs and die of respiratory problems. Still others can be associated with massive ascites and urinomas, and be stillborn or die soon after birth. In less severe cases the neonates may have unexplained respiratory distress with pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax as the only indication of obstructive urologic disease with deficient urinary output. Urinomas or ascites may later develop beyond the neonatal period as the post natal obstructive effects of the valves accumulate and the urinary system ruptures and decompresses itself. Finally when the urinary system does not decompress itself, the back pressure can lead to rapid and progressive renal damage until the kidneys can no longer concentrate urine and lose water. The infant becomes dry, acidotic and paradoxically at this stage, puts out large quantities of dilute urine. Physicians caring for infants should be highly suspicious of posterior urethral valves in any male infant with unexplained respiratory distress or metabolic derangements, abdominal distension or flank masses. PMID- 1113428 TI - A search for blood protozoans in the American woodcock. AB - Smears were prepared from heart blood of 55 woodcock collected in central Maine between spring and fall, 1972 and 1973. Peripheral blood taken from the wings of 41 of these birds also was examined. Examination of stained films revealed no infected blood cells. Samples of heart blood from 35 of the 41 woodcock were injected into young ducks, quail, and a gull. Plasmodia were not seen in inoculated birds. PMID- 1113429 TI - Cardiovascular calcification associated with nephritis in a badger. AB - Calcification of the endocardium of the left artrium, and to a lesser extent the media of the pulmonary artery and aorta, was found associated with nephritis in a badger (Taxidea taxus). PMID- 1113430 TI - Arthropathy in white-tailed deer and a moose. AB - Degenerative lesions were found in the skeletal system of 20 to 128 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) examined. Similar changes were found in an aged male moose (Alces alces). Arthropathy involving the stifle joint was present in 60% (15/25) of male deer 4 years of age or older, and in 16.7% (4/25) of females in the same age range. Vertebral osteophytes were not found in any of 62 female deer, nor in male deer less than 6 years of age, but were present in 50% (7/14) of males 6 year of age or older. The possible etiology and significance of the conditions are discussed. PMID- 1113431 TI - A testicular leiomyoma in a largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. PMID- 1113432 TI - Capillaria hepatica in a groundhog (Marmota monax). PMID- 1113433 TI - Paragonimus kellicotti infection in wild carnivores in southwestern Ontario: I. Prevalence and gross pathologic features. AB - Paragonimus kellicotti Ward, 1908 was recovered from 16 of 105 mink (Mustela vison), 14 of 244 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 10 of 446 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 1 of 31 coyotes (Canis latrans), 0 of 326 raccoons (Procyon lotor) and 0 of 8 weasels (Mustela spp.) collected from southwestern Ontario. The majority of carnivores harboring P. kellicotti was collected from two counties (Huron and Bruce) bordering the east shore of Lake Huron where 6.0% of the animals (excluding raccoons) were infected . There were extensive adhesions between the lungs and parietal pleura and dorsal mediastinal pleura in 25 of 301 raccoons collected from these two counties. This lesion was thought to be associated with a reaction to migrating P. kellicotti. This is the first time P.kellicotti has been reported in the striped skunk and red fox from Ontario and apparently the first record of this parasite in the coyote. PMID- 1113434 TI - Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in pheasants and chukars. AB - Phesants (Phasianus colchicus) and chukars (Alectoris graeca) were inoculated with Venezuelian equine encephalitis virus. Antibody titers reached a peak 2 weeks postinoculation and the declined. Viremia was of short duration, clinical signs were not detected, and unionculated cage mates did not develop antibody titers. PMID- 1113435 TI - Renal fibrosarcoma in the northern fur seal. AB - A 2-week-old northern fur seal female pup (Callorhinus ursinus) found dead in the Pribilof Islands had an irregular mass at the anterior pole of the right kidney. Histopathological examination revealed a fibrosarcoma. PMID- 1113436 TI - Contagious ecthyma in bighorn sheep and mountain goat in western Canada. AB - Contagious ecthyma (CE) is reported in bighorn sheep (Ovis c. canadensis) from several national parks in western Canada and in moutain goat (Oreamnos americanus) from Kootenay National Park, British Columbia. (This is the first report of CE in mountain goat.) Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, histopathology, transmission experiments and the demonstration of a proxvirus with the electron microscope. The infection was transmitted from wild to domestic goat, but not to domestic sheep. Most infections, some of them severe, were found in lambs and kids. Clinical signs of disease were similar to those seen in domestic sheep and goats. General body condition was poor and animals had difficulty feeding normally. All infected herds had prolonged contact with areas where salt was provided artificially (i.e., salt blocks, highways and campgrounds). Fewer infected sheep were observed annually when salt blocks were removed from Jasper National Park. PMID- 1113437 TI - Tuberculosis in lesser flamingoes in Kenya. AB - Four cases of tuberculosis are recorded in lesser flamingoes (Phoeniconaias minor) from Lake Nakuru, Kenya. The clinical, pathological and microbiological findings are given and the possible significance of the infection in this species is discussed. PMID- 1113438 TI - Note on the occurrence of Acetodextra amiuri (Stafford) (Trematoda: Heterophidae) in channel catfish from the Tennessee River. PMID- 1113439 TI - Note on the occurrence of Leuceruthrus micropteri (Trematoda, Azygiidae) in bass, Micropterus spp., from the Tenessee River. PMID- 1113440 TI - Further observations on rangiferine brucellosis in Alaskan carnivores. AB - Antibodies against rangiferine brucellosis, Brucella suis type 4, are commonly found in the serum of various domestic and wild alaskian carnivores which feed on caribou, Rangifer tarandus granti, arctic Alaska. Sled dogs from five native villages on the range of the Artic caribou herd, but not from two villages on the the range of the Porcupine caribou herd, are commonly infected. Wolves (Canis lupus) and red foxes (Vulpes fulva) are less commonly infected. About 90% of the grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) associated with the Artic caribou herd and 30% of those associated with the porcupine caribou herd show serologic signs of exposure to Brucella, presumalby the enzootic strain present in Alaska caribou. This is the first evidence of natural Brucella infection in bears. It is concluded that infection of predators by enzootic strains of Brucella present in prey species (e.g., ruminants) is common to many areas of the world. Evidence from the literature and unpublished experimental data suggest that such infections may intefere with reproduction in wild species, but additional study is needed to clearly resolve this question. PMID- 1113441 TI - Seasonal variations in total serum protein concentration in an estuarine raccoon population. AB - Total serum protein (TSP) levels were recorded for the adult cohort in a population of southern Florida raccoons (Procyon lotor marinus) for a period of 1 year. TSP levels were found to fluctuate seasonally, with autumn levels being the highest and spring and summer levels the lowest. Values for males tended to be higher than those for females. There may be a correlation between mean TSP levels and mean body weight. In 10 male raccoons recaptured during the study period, the same pattern of fluctuation in TSP levels was observed. PMID- 1113442 TI - Psoroptic mange in a Wapiti. AB - In northern Idaho, a 10-year old wapiti(Cervus canadensis nelsoni) died showing signs of ataxia and alopecia. Examination of dermis revealed infestation with Psoroptes equi var. cervinus. PMID- 1113443 TI - A fourth pair of mandibular molars in a white-tailed deer. AB - A fourth pair of mandibular molars in a white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus) was located posterior to the third pair. There was a distinct gap between the third and fourth molars on both left and right sides. PMID- 1113444 TI - Some hematological values of free-ranging African elephants. AB - Blood samples were collected from 23 free-ranging African elephants(Loxodonta africana) in Tanzania. Red and white blood cell counts, white blood cell differential, hemoglobin, blood copper, and blood inorganic phosphate were determined. No correlation of any of these measurements with age and sex was discernible, except that the total white count was significantly higher in females than in males in all age groups. The findings are compared with those previously reported for captive and free-ranging African elephants. PMID- 1113445 TI - Mortality factors in whistling swans at Lake St. Clair, Ontario. AB - Post mortem examinations of 31 whistling swans (Olar columbianus) collected from the Lake St. Clair marshes in the spring of 1972 indicated that lead toxicosis and filariasis (Sarconema eurycerca) were the main causes of mortality. PMID- 1113446 TI - Some hematologic and blood chemistry values in two herds of American bison in Kansas. AB - The data presented are compiled from two herds of American bison (Bison bison) in Kansas. In this study there were differences in the mean values of white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage and cholestrol, alkaline phosphatase, specific glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase concentrations between the age groups of animals under 2 years of age and bison over 2 year old. Differences in the two age groups paralleled those found in Jersey and Hereford cattle. Packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentrations was considerably higher than found in domestic Bovidae. More data is needed from other bison herds in this country to better describe the range of normal variation in individuals, population and age groups of B. bison. PMID- 1113447 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of endocardial cushion defects. AB - Sixteen patients with endocardial cushion defects were studied by echocardiography and ultrasonocardiotomography. Three characteristic findings, common to both complete and partial forms, were observed. They were the ostium primum defect of the interatrial septum, the left ventricular outflow narrowing and the atrioventricular valve abnormalities which are the anatomic bases of endocardial cushion defects. Several additional findings were observed in patients with complete form. Most strikingly, the anterior leaflet echo locating in the left ventricle had the direct connection to that in the right ventricle without the interposition of the interventricular septum by echocardiogram. Ultrasonocardiotomogram, on the other hand, demonstrated beautifully the common anterior leaflet and the high inteventricular septal defect. There were, in addition, the absence of the paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum and the diffuculty in detecting the interatrial septum. The intact interatrial septum continuous with the anterior mitral leaflet was demonstrated in patients with the interventricularseptal defect of atrioventricular canal type, in which there were the typical abnormalities in the atrioventricular valves and the left ventricular outflow narrowing as well. This study indicates that ultrasonic examination may provide a direct, yet noninvasive method in the diagnosis of various types of endocardial cushion defects. PMID- 1113448 TI - Renal hemodynamics and medullary osmolal gradient in ischemic acute renal failure in rabbits. AB - The effects of 2 hours of renal artery occlusion were studied in previously uninephrectomized rabbits. Oliguric renal failure by arterial clamping was produced. Renal blood flow was maintained during observation periods, except for an early decrease in outer cortical blood flow without change elsewhere. During the oliguric stage medullary osmolality was markedly diminished, concomitantly with reduced (U/P)osm. Cin, EPAH and sodium reabsorption were decreased, accompanied by tubular necrosis and intratubular casts. During the early diuretic stage Cin, medullary osmolality and (U/P)osm were still reduced. Intratubular casts disappeared while regenerated tubular cells were focally observed. Two weeks after the occlusion, improved Cin, EPAH, sodium reabsorption, medullary osmolality and (U/P)osm, and regenerated tubular epithelium were found. In 7 weeks Cin and EPAH had returned to the preclamping values whereas medullary osmolality remained decreased with the appearance of medullary fibrosis. (U/P)osm was not completely restored. The findings indicate that during the oliguric stage of acute renal failure of rabbits renal blood flow is maintained, except for a decrease in outer cortical flow, and urine concentrating ability is restored more slowly than other measured functions. PMID- 1113449 TI - Effects of radiopaque material on coronary vascular reserve. AB - The relationship between the increase in coronary blood flow (CBF) following contrast material injection and that following temporary occlusion was studied in the anesthetized dogs. The peak flow following a contrast injection was almost equivalent to the peak reactive hyperemia flow following a 10 sec occlusion (r equeals 0.86). An increase in coronary sinus blood oxygen pressure (Pcso2) occured in associated with an increase in CBF. Administration of dipyridamole diminished the increment of CBF following contrast injection with little changes in Pcso2. Thus, in the coronary system the increase in CBF after contrast injection, similar to that observed after temporary occlusion, is related to coronary vascular reserve and measurement of Pcso2 after coronary arteriography might be an aid to evaluate the coronary vascular reserve. PMID- 1113450 TI - Aneurysmectomy for symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia associated with ventricular aneurysm. AB - A case of left ventricular aneurysm associated with repeated supraventricular tachyarrhythmias was successfully treated by ventricular aneurysmectomy. Ventricular aneurysmectomy should be considered for supraventricular tachyarrhythmia as well as ventricular tachycardia, if they are symptomatic and refractory to medical therapy. PMID- 1113451 TI - Factors influencing sodium and water excretion in uremic man. AB - Urinary excretion of sodium and water was investigated in patients with chronic end-stage renal disease before and after three different experimental manipulations: reduction in urea solute load by dialysis while extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) was maintained, dialysis without alteration in urea solute load or ECFV and reduction in ECFV without alteration in urea solute load. Sodium and water excretion significantly declined in association with a reduction in both urea solute load and ECFV, but not during a dialysis when reduction on both of these indexes was prevented. The excretory changes occurred in the absence of any alteration in creatinine clearance. The studies suggest that both solute load and the degree of extracellular fluid volume expansion contribute independently to the rate of sodium and water excretion in chronic renal disease. It is concluded that in any given patient the overall excretion of sodium and water is directly influenced by a number of factors including the solute load, the degree of ECFV and the glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 1113452 TI - Focal glomerular sclerosis in nephrotic patients: an electron microscopic study of glomerular podocytes. AB - Renal biopsy specimens of 16 adult patients with nephrotic syndrome and focal glomerular sclerosis were examined by light and electron microscopy. Particular attention was paid to alterations of podocytes. Except for loss of foot processes, five patients had no podocyte changes, five had mild changes and six had severe changes. Of the last group (group III), four patients were heroin addicts, the fifth had infectious mononucleosis and the sixth, an apparent idiopathic disease; five patients were males, 16 to 25 yr old. Podocyte changes consisted of cytoplasmic degeneration, detachment of epithelial cells from basement membranes, with filling of resulting space by cell debris and new membranes. Underlying capillaries were often collapsed. Repeat biopsies in three patients in group III revealed progression of lesions, paralleling rapid clinical deterioration. It is concluded that some cases of focal glomerular sclerosis are associated with severe damage to podocytes which may be caused by drugs, infection or unknown factors and may contribute to the development and progression of the glomerular lesions. PMID- 1113453 TI - Oxidative metabolism of the normal rat glomerulus. AB - Glomeruli from adult normal male Wistar rats were obtained by teasing a cortex slice with stainless steel needles. The enzyme content and the morphologic aspect of these glomeruli were assessed as a preliminary step to further metabolic studies. Robinson's medium appeared to be the most suitable medium. There was no loss of glutamic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or acid phosphatase. Lactate dehydrogenase was lost to about 50%. Electron microscopy showed morphologic signs of damage in the podocytes. The glomerular oxygen uptake was measured with the help of the Cartesian diver technique, using approximately 20 glomeruli per assay. The endogenous respiratory rate was linear for at least three hours. The endogenous respiratory rate was linear for at least three hours. The mean dry wt of lyophilized glomeruli was determined for 13 rats for which the glomerular oxygen uptake had been measured, and these data showed a glomerular Q 02 of 4 mul/hr/mg of dry wt. The following substances were tested for their influence on the oxygen uptake: acetate, alpha-oxoglutarate, citrate, oxalacetate, glutamate, alanine, all 10 mM; succinate, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM; glucose, 5, 10 and 20 mM; fructose 10 and 20 mM; and palmitate. Citrate increases the O-2 uptake/hr/glomerulus by 30%; glucose, 20 mM, by 30%; and succinate, 2.5 mM by 50% and 10 mM by 190%. In a Robinson's medium containing 35 mg of albumin/ml, the endogenous respiration is not different from that obtained in the inorganic medium but the oxygen uptake is increased 26% by glucose, 10 mM. From these data, it can be concluded that the oxygen uptake of the glomerulus is small. This fact explains its resistance to anoxia. The systematic investigation of possible substrates indicate that glucose, citrate and succinate may play a role in supporting this small oxidative metabolism. PMID- 1113454 TI - Lack of relationship of potential difference to fluid absorption in the proximal renal tubule. AB - Fluid absorption by isolated perfused rabbit proximal convoluted tubules is accompanied by an electrical potential difference (PD), negative in the lumen, when the tubule is bathed by rabbit serum and perfused with an ultrafitrate of that serum. In contrast the PD is positive when the perfusate composition approximates that of fluid in the late proximal tubule in vivo, which lacks glucose, amino acids and bicarbonate. The principal purpose of the present studies was to investigate the characteristics of fluid absorption under these conditions. Proximal convoluted tubules were dissected from rabbit kidneys and perfused in vitro. When the PD was positive, the mean net fluid absorption was 81 nl mm minus 1 min minus 1. The positive PD is caused by a chloride concentration difference across the tubule epithelium (higher in the lumen than in the bath). Elimination of the chloride concentration difference by replacing the bicarbonate in the bath as well as in the perfusate with chloride caused the PD to fall to zero without a significant change in the rate of fluid absorption. Therefore, neither the positive PD nor the chloride concentration difference is significantly related to the fluid absorption. Ouabain inhibited fluid absorption under all of the above conditions, making it likely that the fluid absorption is due to active sodium transport. Although the results are consistent with the generally accepted view that active sodium transport is a major driving force for fluid absorption, the mechanism of anion (chloride) transport is uncertain owing to the lack of correlation between fluid absorption and the transepithelial PD. PMID- 1113455 TI - [Malignant degeneration of osteomyelitic fistulas, ulcerated scars, and trophic ulcers]. PMID- 1113456 TI - [Diagnosis of blood volume disorders in acute obturation intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 1113457 TI - [Postoperative complications in colonic cancer and ways of reducing them]. PMID- 1113458 TI - [Complications in the intravenous administration of droperidol]. PMID- 1113459 TI - [Repeat laparotomy following operations on the organs of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 1113460 TI - [Breast cancer in males]. PMID- 1113461 TI - [Errors and difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of acute obstruction of the superior mesenteric artery]. PMID- 1113462 TI - [Modification of muscular-aponeurotic subcapsular nephropexy]. PMID- 1113463 TI - [Carcinoid of the stomach]. PMID- 1113464 TI - [Malignant degeneration of cysts of the saccro-coccygeal region]. PMID- 1113465 TI - [Case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 1113466 TI - [Sex chromatin as a criterion for the treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 1113467 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of lymphangiosarcoma in the presence of lymphostasis of the upper extremity following mastectomy]. PMID- 1113468 TI - [Treatment of cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 1113470 TI - [Principal problems of surgery in oncology]. PMID- 1113469 TI - [Single-stage esophagoplasty with the stomach following resection or extirpation of the esophagus in cancer]. PMID- 1113471 TI - [Carcinoid tumors of the gastro-intestinal tract]. PMID- 1113472 TI - [Primary multiple tumors of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 1113473 TI - [Fate of patients following gastrectomy and proximal resection of the stomach with incision of the esophagus in the tumor zone]. PMID- 1113474 TI - [Early detection of recurrent stomach cancer]. PMID- 1113475 TI - [Multicentric cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 1113476 TI - [Gastroscopic diagnosis of precancerous conditions of the stomach in polyclinics]. PMID- 1113477 TI - [Primary cancer of the small intestine]. PMID- 1113478 TI - [Remote results of surgical treatment of rectal cancer]. PMID- 1113479 TI - [Results of the treatment of rectal cancer in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 1113480 TI - [Indications for anterior rectal resections in cancer]. PMID- 1113481 TI - [Electrostimulation of the brain in the early postoperative period in patients following operations on the rectum and colon]. PMID- 1113482 TI - [Hemodynamics in the combined treatment of rectal cancer]. PMID- 1113483 TI - [Extirpation of the rectum for cancer with aorto-iliac-pelvic lymphadenectomy]. PMID- 1113484 TI - [Selective angiography of the mesenteric arteries in diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 1113485 TI - [Gallbladder cancer]. PMID- 1113486 TI - [Physical work capacity and oxygen requirements of rats during physical exertion following prolonged hypokinesia]. AB - The white rats exposed to 60 and 100 day hypokinesia showed a substantial and progressive decline in the tolerance to a maximum physical load. This was accompanied by disorders in the regulation of the oxygen balance: during load oxygen requirements were mainly met by the oxygen debt. The above changes that followed a 100 day hypokinesia returned to the normal two months later. PMID- 1113487 TI - [Effect of hypokinesia on the development of osteoporosis]. AB - The skeletal changes in the rabbits exposed to a 90-day hypokineisa have been examined. Osteoporosis has been diagnosed using an X-ray investigation which included rentgen-densitometry and rentgen-grammetry. The process involved the thinning of the cortical layer and a decrease of the bone density. The importance of the above methods for an objective evaluatuon of osteoporosis is discussed. PMID- 1113488 TI - [Glycemic indices in animals at different stages of hypokinesia and with administration of glucose, adrenaline and insulin]. AB - The sugar content in the blood was measured (and sugar curves were plotted) in healthy rats and in rats during the 15, 30, 60 and 90th hypokinetic days after they were injected with glucose at a dose of 4 g/kg, epinephrine at a dose of 150 mg/kg and insulin at a dose of 0.5 u/kg. The three glycemic parameters were determined: 1) the coefficient of maximum hyper- and hypoglycemia; 2) the intensity of hyper- and hypoglycemia and 3) the hyper- and hypoglycemic limit. An analysis of the sugar plots and the above coefficients showed an increased sensitivity to insulin, an elevated tolerance to glucose and a less distinct response to epinephrine. PMID- 1113489 TI - [Effect of hypokinesia and lowered barometric pressure on the tolerance of animals to the action of ethyl acetate]. AB - Experiments were carried out to study the resistance of rats to an acute effect of ethylacetate vapors at concentrations of 25 to 69 g/m-3 after their 20-day exposure to hypokinesia and 20-day exposure to altitudes of 3200 and 5000 m. The effect of ethylacetate at concentrations of 47 and 10 mg/m-3 on the rats in a chronic 90-day experiments was also investigated. After an exposure to hypokinesia and hypoxia the sensitivity of the rats to an acute effect of ethylacetate vapors increased 2- or 3-fold. The chronic inhalation of the substance by the hypokinetic animals brought about disorders in the brain microstructure and renal pathology. The poisoned animals that retained normal motor activity displayed serious pathological changes in the thyroid gland. It is concluded that changes in the reactivity of the animal and human body to chemical agents must be taken into consideration when developing standards for the space cabin atmosphere. PMID- 1113490 TI - [Physiologo-hygienic basis for the construction of individual equipment for preventing the adverse effects of weightlessness]. AB - In order to prevent the unfavourable effect of weightlessness, it is recommended to use individual suits for long wear. These include a preventive pressure suit which provides an axial pressure on the skeleton and moments of forces during movement, and a preventive vacuum suit which provides lower body decompression. The suits ensures the conditions for the function of the musculoskeletal apparatus and the cardiovascular system which are close to those on the Earth. PMID- 1113491 TI - [Energy expenditures of the "Soiuz-9" space crew during an 18-day flight]. AB - The paper presents a method for studying metabolism on the basis of the changes in the partial pressure of CO2 in the space cabin which takes into account the performance of absorbers--superoxides of alkali metals. With the aid of this method the oxygen consumption by the crew was measured during the flight. The average energy expenditure by crew members was 2300 kCal per day with variations from 2020 to 3050 kCal per day and the average oxygen consumption was 22.0 nl per hour with variations from 17.6 to 26.6 nl per hour. The level of oxygen consumption by the crew showed a certain periodicity which was attributed to the energy expenditures during physical exercises. The oxygen consumption during the weightlessness adaptation (during the first 6 to 7 days) was reduced to 20 nl per hour on the average. No significant changes in the basal metabolism were found in the crew members throughout the flight. PMID- 1113492 TI - [Perception of 2-dimensional space coordinates during prolonged experimental hypokinesia]. AB - The effect of a 30-day hypokinesia on the perception of the subjective optic vertical (SOV) was studied. The test subjects who were in the antiorthostatic position (at an angle of 96 degrees to the vertical) showed the greatest changes in the SOV perception and illusive perception of the spatial position of the body. During the first two days of the experiment and ten days after it they displayed a 1.5-fold increase in the error of the SOV perception. In addition, they exhibited an asymmetrical perception of the SOV on the right and left side. In all cases the direction of the SOV displacement from the true line coincided with the body position. The test subjects who were kept at an angle of 84 degrees to the vertical (orthostatic hypokinesia) demonstrated only illusions of the body position during the first hypokinetic day and a unilateral increase in the error of the SOV perception after the experiment. The test subjects who underwent preventive treatment following antiorthostatic hypokinesia (at an angle of 94 degrees to the vertical) exhibited no asymmetry and an insignificant error in the SOV perception. These findings are discussed with regards to the changes in the function of pressuretension receptors and disorders in the skeletal tone during hypokinesia. PMID- 1113493 TI - [Nature of self-regulation of the blood circulation as a criterion of body tolerance to external factors]. AB - With respect to the proportion of the theoretical and actual values of the cardiac output and the peripheral resistance 98 young healthy men were divided into three groups: 42 with the mixed type, 31 with the cardiac type and 25 with the vascular type of the circulation regulation. The environmental factors of a small size chamber gave rise to the changes that were the greatest in the subjects with the cardiac regulation and the least in the subjects with the mixed regulation. The subjects with the vascular type of regulation were those who showed varying tolerance to the environmental effects. It is suggested that the type of circulation regulation in the occupational selection as an indicator of the body tolerance to the environmental effects should be suggested. PMID- 1113494 TI - [Informativeness of pulse bloodfilling of auricular helical vessels for evaluation of human tolerance to plusGz acceleration]. AB - The possiblity of using photoelectric plethysmography as an objective method to assess the human tolerance to accelerations was examined. The tolerance of 40 young healthy male test subjects to plus GZ accelerations of 3, 5, 6 and 7 g with an increase gradient of 0.4 g/sec and a plateau time of 30 sec was measured. The test subjects induced an arbitrary tension of the abdominal and leg muscles in order to better tolerate accelerations. When the tolerance reached its limit (as judging by optic disorders), the auricular pulse amplitude decreased 4-fold in 84% test subjects. The threshold value of the amplitude can be used as an informative indicator of a group and individual tolerance to plus GZ accelerations. A portable photoelectric plethysmograph has been designed for operational medical control of the health state of pilots inflight. PMID- 1113495 TI - [Effect of intellectual evaluation of the situation on emotional reactions in pilots]. AB - Emotional reactions of pilots to a real emergency were studied during simulations of critical and dangerous situations. The vague information on the situation was shown to be the most important emotional factor in such a case. The data have been obtained indicating that with lacking information the level of emotional stress depends on the mental assessment of the signals based on the previous experience and training. PMID- 1113496 TI - [Dynamics of temperature rhythm phases in the course of rhythm inversion]. AB - The process of inversion of the diurnal rhythm of the body temperature was studied on two test subjects during an altered work-rest cycle. The temperature changes during individual phases were investigated. With respect to certain phases it is concluded that the rate of rearrangement depended on the relationship between these phases and the level of the physical and mental activity of the body. The inversion of the temperature rhythm induced changes in those phases of the temperature curve in which the temperature should not have changed due to an altered work-rest cycle. When evaluating the completeness of the rearrangement of the diurnal rhythm of the body temperature brought about by an altered work-rest cycle, it is important to pay particular attention to the body temperature in the minimum phase and in the adjacent phases, since the rate of the rearrangement of the temperature rhythm in these phases can be the lowest. PMID- 1113497 TI - [Experience in the development of a system for psychological selection of pilots]. PMID- 1113498 TI - [ECG changes during human venipuncture in conditions of prolonged hypokinesia]. PMID- 1113499 TI - [Letter: Psychobiological training of human regulatory protective-adaptive mechanisms]. PMID- 1113500 TI - The use of cation-bound microsomes for studies of protein synthesis. AB - Low speed microsomes prepared by centrifuging at 30 times g for 10 minutes after interaction with Ca-2plus or Mg-2plus are comparable to high speed microsomes (105,000 times g) with respect to incorporation of 3-H-leucine in vivo, protein synthesizing ability in vitro, and the pattern of ribosomal profiles on a linear sucrose density gradient. Low and high speed polyribosomes, i.e., those isolated with and without Ca-2plus or Mg-2plus from a postmitochondrial supernatant, also displayed similar protein-synthesizing capability in vitro and identical profiles on a linear sucrose density gradient. Other divalent cations, such as Ba-2plus, Ni-2plus, Co-2plus, Cu-2plus, Fe-2plus, Hg-2plus, Zn-2plus, and Sr-2plus, inhibited enzyme activities and depressed protein synthesis. Low speed microsomes may now be deemed suitable for all studies of microsomal function. PMID- 1113501 TI - Age-dependent changes on the state of aggregation of cartilage matrix. AB - The state of aggregation of cartilage matrix and its variations with age have been studied by biochemical, cytochemical, and ultrastructural methods. Determination of proteoglycans and collagen in costal cartilage from newborn, 4 week-, and 4-year-old rabbits showed that marked changes occurred during the first 4 weeks, i.e., a 30 percent decrease in proteoglycan content and a 3-fold increase in collagen. No significant changes were observed thereafter. The extractability of the proteoglycans after treatment with 4 M guanidinium chloride varied drastically, depending upon the age of the animal. Whereas 73 per cent of the proteoglycans was extracted from the neonatal tissue, the yield from old tissue was only 10 per cent. It is suggested that the decrease in extractability with age is related to the increase in collagen content. Cytochemical observations demonstrated that, in the neonatal tissue, metachromatic staining of the matrix was lost after guanidinium chloride treatment, with the exception of chromotropic granules still present in the lacunae. In the 1-month-old animals, a general decrease in the staining reaction ensued, except in the perilacunar areas. In the extracted tissues, instead, the picture changed drastically in that metachromasia was decreased in the interterritory but was not modified, as in the neonatal tissue, in the areas adjacent to the cell nests. In the old tissue, the patchy and irregular staining, typical of the cartilage of this age, was not modified by extraction with the guanidium salt. At the ultrastructural level, the proteoglycans in the neonatal tissue appeared as granules of different size, the largest having dimensions of about 900 A, In the 1-month-old animals, degenerative changes were already observed in the chondrocytes, including loss of the perilacunar space, reduction of the endoplasmic reticulum, and an increase of intracellular glycogen and lipids. The proteoglycan droplets, so prominent at the neonatal stage, were no longer evident. In the older animals, apart from the many foci of mineralization, the chondrocytes were almost all degenerated and showed signs of extensive vacuolation and lipid infiltration. PMID- 1113502 TI - Formation of anomalous lysosomes in monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils from bone marrow of mice with Chediak-Higashi syndrome. AB - Chediak-Higashi syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder occurring in man, beige mice, and other homologues, is characterized by abnormally large lysosomes in many cell types. The formation of these anomalous lysosomes in developing monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in beige mouse bone marrow, as well as lysosomal formation in the corresponding normal cells from C57 Black mice, was investigated by electron microscopy, together with a method for the demonstration of peroxidase activity. Localization of peroxidase reaction product was the same in both C57BL and beige mice. In promonocytes and in neutrophilic and eosinophilic proganulocytes, peroxidase reaction product was localized in lysosomes, in the perinuclear cisternae, all cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi succules. In the later stages of development, reaction product was localized only in the lysosomes. In promonocytes and progranulocytes from the C57BL mice, lysosomes apparently form from the inner Golgi succule. Fusion of newly formed lysosomes was occasionally seen. Lysosomal fusion was never observed in the more mature monocytes and eosinophils and was only rarely seen in mature neutrophils. In the beige mouse, lysosomes were formed as in the C57BL mice. However, in the beige mouse, fusion of newly formed lysosomes occurred frequently in promonocytes and neutrophilic progranulocytes. Lysosomal fusion was also frequently observed in the more mature cells. As a result of the continued lysosomal fusion, the mature monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils from the beige mouse contained fewer but often greatly enlarged lysosomes. PMID- 1113503 TI - Quantitative morphometry of glomerulonephritis with crescents. Diagnostic and predictive value. AB - Histologic patterns in the glomerular tufts in "Glomerulonephritis with many crescents" take three main forms: (1) compression and sclerosis of glomeruli, (2) necrotizing glomerulitis, and (3) proliferation with or without exudation. In the third group, histologic differentiation between patients with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis with many crescents (AGN) and those with nonstreptococcal rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) may be impossible. In a retrospective study, quantitative morphometry of glomeruli effectively separated three patients with AGN from two patients with RPGN after the usual histologic and electron microscopic observations had failed. Parameters studied were areas of tufts and crescents and total number of cells and granulocytes in tufts and crescents. Surface areas of tufts and crescents were separately determined by photographing glomeruli, projecting and tracing outlines of tufts and crescents, and cutting out and weighing the tracings. The cell density of glomerular tufts (cell per 1000-sq. mum. area) was significantly greater in AGN than in RPGN when either total cell densities (17.64 plus or minus 0.41 versus 13.63 plus or minus 0.30) or total cells minus granulocytes (16.39 plus or minus 0.50 versus 12.99 plus or minus 0.52) were compared. The cell density in the tufts was 120 and 70 per cent greater than controls in AGN and RPGN, respectively. Exudation of inflammatory cells is contributory but not the major cause of hypercellularity in AGN. Follow-up studies with biopsies showed marked resolution in two of three patients with AGN, with normal blood urea nitrogen levels and focal scarring in the third, whereas the two patients with RPGN had either extensive scarring and reduced renal function or required chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 1113504 TI - Influence of quantity of diet on protein synthesis of rats force-fed a threonine devoid diet. AB - The influence of the quantity of diet on protein synthesis of rats force-fed a complete diet or one free of threonine for 3 days. Protein synthesis was studied. The results revealed that rats force-fed an adequate amount (6.5 gm. per day) of threonine-devoid diet demonstrated increased hepatic and cardiac protein synthesis and decreased skeletal muscle and splenic protein synthesis in comparison to the results with rats force-fed the complete diet. In contrast, rats force-fed one-half the quantity (3.25 gm. per day) of the diets revealed no or small differences in protein synthesis of the liver, heart, gastrocnemius muscle, and spleen between the rats force-fed the complete and the threonine devoid diets, although both of the one-half quantity groups had values which were decreased in comparison to those of rats force-fed the adequate quantity of complete diet. The tube feeding of L-threonine (60 mg.) to rats force-fed one half the quantity of the complete or threonine-devoid diet on the 4th morning 2 hours before killing did not influence the results of organ protein synthesis. Protein synthesis was studied in vivo by measuring 14C-leucine incorporation into organ proteins and in vitro by measuring 14C-leucine incorporation into proteins by using postmitochondrial supernatants or microsomes of livers. Sucrose density gradients of hepatic polyribosomes were studied and revealed that there were more aggregated polyribosomes in rats force-fed adequate quantities of the experimental diets than in those force-fed the control diets. Rats force-fed one half quantity of the complete and threonine-devoid diets revealed similar polyribosomal patterns which revealed more disaggregation than those in rats ofrce-fed the adequate quantity of complete diet. PMID- 1113505 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of mast cell degranulation. AB - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphologic changes occurring in isolated mast cells after stimulation by compound 48/80. Two approaches were used to obtain cells for scanning electron microscopy. Cells incubated in suspension were collected on Millipore filters and air-dried from isopropyl alcohol. Other cells were allowed to attach to cover slips, stimulated, fix in situ, and dried from Freon at its critical point. Resting mast cells prepared by the latter method were covered by a tracery of shelflike ridges, whereas cells prepared by the first method had no ridges but presented a bumpy surface disclosing the underlying granules. Stimulation by compound 48/80 caused marked changes in the surface configuration of the cells, with loss of the regular pattern of ridges, extrusion of granules, and the appearance of openings leading to the interior of the cell. Correlation with transmission electron microscopy indicates that these openings lead to channels containing granules and lined by an intact membrane. These openings give extracellular cations access to granules within the confines of the cell, where the cations may exchange for histamine. PMID- 1113506 TI - Virus-initiated septic shock. Acute death of Venezuelan encephalitis virus infected hamsters. AB - Hamster hematopoietic and lymphatic organs were studied sequentially by light and electron microscopy following Venezuelan encephalitis virus inoculation. In addition to extensive marrow and splenic necrosis nearly transmural necrosis of the ileum in Peyer's patch areas, with concomitant bacterial overgrowth, was noted. Viruses were observed ultrastructurally in reticular cells of Peyer's patches. In addition, bacterial blood cultures, consistent with an enteric origin, were generally positive in late stages of the infection. Reticuloendothelial function, measured by clearance of colloidal carbon, was significantly depressed in Venezuelan encephalitis virus-infected hamsters. It is proposed that the acute death of hamsters infected with Venezuelan encephalitis virus may be determined by the development of an endotoxic shock syndrome mediated by the extensive ileal lesions, coupled with impaired reticuloendothelial detoxifying function. PMID- 1113507 TI - Pancreatic necrosis and regeneration induced by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide in the guinea pig. AB - A single intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide, in a dose of 22.5 mg. per kg., induced marked necrosis of exocrine pancreas in inbred strain 13 guinea pigs within 48 hours. The pancreatic acinar cell necrosis was dose dependent and was associated with a significantly elevated serum amylase level and reduction in amylase activity in the pancreatic tissue. The maximal necrotic changes in the exocrine pancreas were observed at 48 hours. After the necrotic phase, a striking regenerative response of pancreatic acinar tissue ensued. 3-H thymidine autoradiographic studies revealed a labeling index of 28 per cent cells in several pancreatic lobules 66 hours after 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide injection. The acinar cell repair, as well as formation of the new acini in many pancreatic lobules, was complete by 84 hours. In some pancreatic lobules, pseudoacinar or ductular transformation was noted. The regenerative response in pancreatic acinar tissue and ductal epithelium induced by 4-hydroxyaminoquinolone 1-oxide in the guinea pig appeared to be severalfold higher than that noted during ethionine regeneration. PMID- 1113508 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the heart after coronary occlusion. AB - The scanning electron microscope was used to study the ultrastructural alterations which occur following periods of myocardial ischemia of 30 minutes and 1, 2, 5, 10, and 24 hours. The alterations were compared with those seen with the transmission electron microscope. The early changes consist of swelling of organelles and clumping of nuclear chromatin. After 5 hours, disintegration of the transverse tubular system becomes apparent, and breakdown of the connections between the nucleus and the sarcoplasmic reticulum is seen coincident with distortion of the shape of the nucleus. It is suggested that the sarcoplasmic reticulum may be a part of the "endoskeleton" of the cell and may play a role in maintaining the shape and location of the nucleus. After 10 hours, extensive membrane alterations have occurred in many of the intracellular organelles. It is concluded that the changes seen with scanning electron microscopy are consistent with those seen with transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 1113509 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of cell injury: effects of inhibitors of metabolism and membrane function on the mitochondria of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The effects of cell injury on Ehrlich ascites tumor cell mitochondria were studied using two model injuries: (1) interference with cell membrane function and (2) inhibition of ATP synthesis with specific mitochondrial inhibitors. These studies indicate a good correlation between level of ATP and number of swollen mitochondria and between swollen mitochondria and occurrence of flocculent densities. No correlation existed between total ADP level and percentage of condensed mitochondria if all ADP values were considered, although a biphasic relationship appeared to exist between the number of condensed mitochondria and the levels of ATP. The study suggests a reproducible sequence of mitochondrial events following either inhibition of ATP synthesis or induction of cell membrane permeability with the nonpenetrating, membrane-damaging agent p chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid. These include the rapid appearance of condensed mitochondria, the reinflation of these to resemble orthodox mitochondria, and the occurrence of high amplitude swelling followed by flocculent densities or calcification, or both. Calcification did not occur when ATP synthesis was inhibited but did occur when the cell membrane was damaged with p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid. It is suggested that the early mitochondrial condensation is related to loss of ions and water from the mitochondrial inner compartment following inhibition of active accumulation systems. It is furthermore suggested that the appearance of the condensed mitochondrial state can be taken as evidence of the intactness of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The occurrence of swelling indicates structural changes in the mitochondrial inner membrane which occur following loss of ability for ATP synthesis. PMID- 1113510 TI - Subcellular mechanisms of parathyroid hormone secretion: ultrastructural changes in response to calcium, vitamin A, vinblastine, and cytochalasin B. AB - The effects of various agents on the in vitro secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) were studied previously, using bovine glands. Low calcium, (0.75 mM), vitamin A (vit A), and cytochalasin B stimulated secretion, and high calcium (3.0 mM) and vinblastine (VB) inhibited secretion, whereas hydrocortisone and VB inhibited the vit A-induced PTH secretion. In order to define subcellular mechanisms of PTH release at the morphologic level, a semiquantitative analysis of ultrastructural characteristics has been made on the same tissue with the same agents. Low calcium increased convolutions of the intercellular membrane, the number of large type I secretory granules, phagolysosomes, lipoid vacuoles, and lamellae of endoplasmic reticulum. Vit A and cytochalasin B widened intercellular spaces and increased intercellular membranous interdigitations, the number of type I secretory granules, and phagolysosomes. Vit A also dilated Golgi membranes, and cytochalasin B also increased the number of small type II secretory granules and the margination of granules along the cell membrane. High calcium increased the number of phagolysosomes and crinophagic and lipoid vacuoles. VB decreased the number of microtubules and caused stacking of endoplasmic reticulum lamellae. VB or hydrocortisone diminished some of the ultrastructural effects of vit A. The common ultrastructural findings in response to stimulation of PTH secretion by low calcium, vit A, and cytochalasin B raise the possibility that these agents may facilitate PTH secretion through a common messenger or may directly interact with the cell membrane or with the secretion granule for phagolysosome (or both). Our findings are consistent with the role of VB as a microtubule disrupter, but also suggest that VB inhibits PTH secretion through other mechanisms involving the cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. Microtubules may facilitate basal PTH secretion and vit A-induced secretion; however, since VB does not inhibit low calcium-stimulated PTH secretion and, ultrastructurally, microtubules were not increased in the presence of low calcium, low calcium-stimulated secretion is not dependent upon microtubular function. PMID- 1113511 TI - Permeability properties of the postcapillary high-endothelial venules in lymph nodes of the mouse. AB - The permeability of the postcapillary high-endothelial venules in mice was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Experiments with intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase demonstrated a pronounced intercellular passage of this tracer. Vesicular transport was not observed. Additional experiments with lanthanum and tannic acid showed that no continous tight junctions sealed the intercellular spaces. However, some focal membrane appositions were observed. PMID- 1113512 TI - Free and membrane-bound ribosomes in normal and methylcholanthrene-treated mouse epidermis. AB - Total and free ribosomes were isolated from postnuclear supernatants of trypsinized normal and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated epidermis from female CD-1 mice. Membrane-bound ribosomes were determined as the calculated difference between total and free ribosomes. The value for total ribosomes from normal epidermis in the resting phase of the hair growth cycle was 0.32 mg. of ribosomal RNA per gm. of epidermis, or 0.07 mg. of ribosomal RNA per mg. of homogenate DNA. About 96 per cent of the ribosomes were free and 4 per cent were membrane-bound. Five days after a single application of 2 mu moles of 3-methylcholanthrene to the dorsal skin in the resting phase of the hair growth cycle, there was epidermal hyperplasia and cellular hypertrophy. Total ribosomes increased 2- to 3-fold, to 0.80 mg. of ribosomal RNA per gm. of epidermis, or 0.21 mg. of ribosomal RNA per mg. of homogenate DNA. This increase was further characterized as proportionate increases of both free and membrane-bound ribosomes. PMID- 1113513 TI - The resistance of certain tissues to invasion. II. Evidence for extractable factors in cartilage which inhibit invasion by vascularized mesenchyme. AB - If hyaline cartilage is explanted to the chick chorioallantoic membrane, it resists invasion by vascularized mesenchyme of the host. This resistance is diminished if the tissue is extracted with relatively low concentrations (1.0 M) of guanidine HCl. The extracts contain antiproteolytic activity. This molarity of guanidine HCl extracts only small amounts of the major structural components of cartilage extracellular matrix. It, therefore, seems reasonable to suggest that hyaline cartilage is both avascular and resistant to invasion because it contains extractable inhibitors of invasion, perhaps in the form of proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 1113514 TI - Experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat induced by antibodies directed against tubular antigens. I. The natural history: a histologic and immunohistologic study at the light microscopic and the ultrastructural level. AB - A new form of experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis is described which is induced by one single injection of heterologous antibody directed against antigens present in the brush border of the proximal tubules of the rat kidney. In this model, antigen-antibody complexes are deposited as early as 3 hours after injection of the heterologous antiserum. The first localization of these complexes is seen in the dense layer of the glomerular basement membrane. Later, they move up to the lamina rara externa and stay there for at least 3 months. This model is easily reproducible and offers possibilities for studying the effects of medication on the deposition of immune complexes. PMID- 1113515 TI - Religiosity and authoritarianism. PMID- 1113516 TI - Eye-contact, facial expression, and the experience of time. PMID- 1113517 TI - Interpersonal perception in a Nigerian university. PMID- 1113518 TI - Future time perspective in Indian and American college students. PMID- 1113519 TI - The effect of extended contact with "normals" on the social behavior of hard-of hearing children. PMID- 1113520 TI - College males' ideal female: changes in sex-role stereotypes. PMID- 1113521 TI - Effects of maternal age, education, and employment status on the self-esteem of the child. PMID- 1113522 TI - Torture and execution of surrogate kinsmen in two societies: the Ainu and the Tupinamba. PMID- 1113523 TI - Shock elicited aggression by human subjects. PMID- 1113524 TI - Reciprocity in impression formation. PMID- 1113525 TI - Effects of false feedback about response lengths of subjects perception of an interview. PMID- 1113526 TI - Regionalization of a fetal monitoring system. PMID- 1113527 TI - Reconstruction of the breast following radical mastectomy. PMID- 1113528 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis secondary to penicillin and adrenocorticotropin abuse. PMID- 1113529 TI - Clinicopathologic conference: Temporal arteritis. Case presentation. PMID- 1113530 TI - Liver scans. PMID- 1113531 TI - Haptoglobin. PMID- 1113532 TI - Licorice intoxication. PMID- 1113533 TI - Task forces in mental health. PMID- 1113534 TI - X-ray. PMID- 1113535 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 1113536 TI - High Risk Obstetrics Program of the Tennessee Mid-South Regional Medical Program. PMID- 1113537 TI - The mechanism of myocardial protection from ischemic arrest by intracoronary tetrodotoxin administration. AB - Intracoronary injection of 14 mcg. of tetrodotoxin into the ischemic isolated rat heart resulted in immediate cessation of mechanical activity. Upon reperfusion with oxygenated, modified Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer in a modified Langendorff apparatus, all hearts recovered normal rate, rtythm, and contractile vigor after up to 60 minutes of ischemia. In contrast, all hearts not administered tetrodotoxin showed bradycardia, irregular rhythm, and weak contraction upon reperfusion after 30 and 45 minutes of ischemia; after 60 minutes, no mechanical activity was evident. The improved cardiac function following ischemia in the tetrodotoxin-treated hearts was associated with persistence of normal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels after up to 30 minutes of ischemia and normal or elevated creatine phosphate (CP) levels after up to 60 minutes of ischemia. On the other hand, ATP and CP levels progressively declined to reach 50 per cent of normal values after 30 minutes in the ischemic hearts without tetrodotoxin. These findings indicate that postarrest ATP and CP levels play an important role in myocardial recovery after ischemic arrest. PMID- 1113538 TI - An experimental model for studying myocardial ischemia. Correlation of hemodynamic performance and metabolism in the working swine heart. AB - An intact, working swine heart preparation with controlled coronary perfusion is described. In this model, hemodynamic and metabolic functions were correlated in control and ischemic myocardium. A closed-loop, extracorporeal coronary perfusion circuit in series with a perfusion pump and oxygenator was designed to return reoxygenated coronary venous blood at controlled flow rates to the left and right coronary arteries. In 9 swine at normal flows (232 plus or minus 17 ml. per minute), the preparation maintained stable hemodynamic performance and oxygen consumption for a 1 hour period, after which ischemia was induced by reducing coronary flow by 50 per cent. As a result, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) rose by 227 per cent, whereas heart rate (-17 per cent), aortic pressure (-9 per cent), pressure time/minute (PTM) (-28 per cent), left ventricular work (-47 per cent), and oxygen consumption (-39 per cent) all decreased. The ischemic myocardium shifted from lactate extraction to production. With this model, we can define, over a period of time, several mechanical and metabolic collations as a function of total coronary blood flow in an intact, large animal. We can also test interventions during the acute phases of ischemia in an effort to reduce myocardial damage. PMID- 1113539 TI - Hemodynamic characteristics of critical stenosis in canine coronary arteries. AB - To determine the hemodynamic characteristics of critical stenosis of coronary arteries, mean left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) flow, myocardial peak reactive hyperemic response (PRHR), myocardial PO2 and PCO2 electrocardiograms, and aortic pressure were monitored at precise degrees of LCCA stenosis in 18 dogs. Stepwise LCCA constriction by a specially designed occluder resulted in a gradual drop in PRHR but little change in other variables. When PRHR was reduced 96 per cent, critical stenosis was achieved, and further constriction caused pronounced and sudden changes in all parameters. When critical stenosis occurred, LCCA diameter had been reduced by 74 plus or minus 2 per cent. Mean LCCA flow was reduced from a base-line level of 42 plus or minus 2 to 34 plus or minus 2 c.c. per minute. PO2 in the myocardium was reduced from 24 plus or minus 1.5 to 16 plus or minus 1.6 mm. Hg. PCO2 increased from 43 plus or minus 5 to 55 plus or minus mm. Hg. T waves in Lead II because isoelectric. The myocardium was well perfused and able to regulate flow through an artery narrowed up to 74 per cent. Beyond this point of critical stenosis, the vascular bed was maximally dilated and further narrowing caused ischemia. These findings indicate that PRHR may be useful at operation to determiine whether all significant lesions are bypassed and whether graft flow is adequate. PMID- 1113540 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic constrictive pericarditis using cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The results of operative treatment of 11 patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass are described. Ten of the 11 patients had Functional Class III or IV disability preoperatively, and all had evidence of severe constrictive disease on physical examination and cardiac catheterization. Pericardiectomy, performed on cardiopulmonary bypass through a median sternotomy incision, required an average total perfusion time of 80 minutes. There were no intraoperative or hospital deaths, and none of the patients required prolonged postoperative hospitalization, All patients except 1, who died 4 weeks postoperatively of pulmonary embolism, have enjoyed marked functional improvement. The technical advantages of pericardiectomy performed on cardiopulmonary bypass are presented. PMID- 1113541 TI - Surgical management of anomalous left pulmonary artery causing tracheobronchial obstruction. Pulmonary artery sling. AB - An anomalous left pulmonary artery causing tracheobronchial obstruction is a rare malformation seen in infancy. Sixty-four cases have been described in the literature, with 17 survivors with or without surgical therapy. We reviewed the literature and the 5 cases seen at The Children's Memorial Hospital during the past 20 years. Three of these patients survived, 2 of whom have not been previously reported. The main clinical features are progressive respiratory distress, cyanosis, and apneic episodes resulting from obstruction of the lower trachea and bronchi by an anomalous left pulmonary artery. Obstructive emphysema with or without atelectasis is very common in this condition and should suggest to the clinician the possiblity of this anomaly. The important diagnostic clues are an anterior indentation of the esophagus on esophagography, narrowing of the lower end of the trachea and right bronchus on bronchography, and anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the right on angiography. We prefer to approach this anomaly by a left anterolateral thoracotomy with transection and end-to-end anastomosis of the anomalous left pulmonary artery in front of the trachea. Respiratory complications due to residual tracheomalacia are common after the operation. PMID- 1113542 TI - Mitral valve replacement with the Smeloff-Cutter prosthesis. Experience with 154 patients and comparison with results of replacement with a Starr-Edwards prosthesis. AB - Mitral valve replacement with the Smeloff-Cutter (S-C) prothesis was performed in 154 patients between September, 1965, and January, 1970. In 84, only the mitral valve was replaced; in the remainder, other valves were reconstructed or replaced. The hospital and late mortality rates for isolated replacement were 6 and 25 per cent, respectively. Comparable figures for the Starr-Edwards (S-E) (Models 6000 and 6120) prosthesis during this period were 11 and 23 per cent. Similar rates of thromboembolism were associated with the use of either prosthesis in surviving patients (27 per cent for the S-C valve and 30 per cent for the S-E valve). In spite of the acceptable hospital mortality rate for the S C valve, it is not now considered suitable for clinical use because of the high late mortality rate and the high risk of thromboembolism that accompany its use. PMID- 1113543 TI - Rupture of the posterior wall of the left ventricle after mitral valve replacement. AB - Rupture of the posterior wall of the left ventricle is an unusual but often lethal complication following mitral valve replacement (MVR). We have encountered it six times with a 100 per cent mortality rate in a series of 1,154 operations for MVR. Sites of rupture were located at the base of the resected papilary muscle or close to the artioventricular groove in the area adjacent to the resected posterior mitral leaflet. T stongly indicates the overzealous resection of the mitral leaflets and papillary muscle as an important eitiologic factor. Other possible etiologic factors are discussed and important pitfalls to be avoided during MVR are stressed. PMID- 1113544 TI - A method of closed-chest cannulation of the left atrium for left atrial-femoral artery bypass. AB - A large-bore polyvinyl catheter was devised for passage into the left atrium by means of a modified transseptal catheterization technique. This was performed without difficulty using both pulsatile and nonpulsatile bypass in the closed chest animal as well as in 3 terminally ill patients. Blood was drained from the left atrium and returned to the femoral artery through an extracorporeal circuit. The shock syndrome produced by coronary embolization in dogs was successfully managed in this fashion. The results of the clinical trials were encouraging. Assisted left heart circulation using a closed-chest left atrial-femoral artery bypass seems feasible by this technique. PMID- 1113545 TI - Bilateral atrial myxomas. Preoperative diagnosis and successful removal. AB - A case of bilateral atrial myxomas is presented. The diagnosis was made preoperatively with the aid of echocardiography and cineangiography. The use of the echocardiogram in the diagnosis of this lesion is emphasized. PMID- 1113546 TI - Hypoglycemic coma associated with benign pleural mesothelioma. AB - A case of hypoglycemic coma and benign pleural mesothelioma is described. Serum insulin levels, as measured by insulin radioimmunoassay, were appropriately suppressed and consistent with hypoglycemia. Assay of the tumor showed insulin to be undectable. The mechanisms for hypoglycemia probably included increased glucose consumption by the tumor and, more important, the inhibition of lipolysis and hepatic gluconegenesis caused by tumor release of L-tryptophan and its metabolites and/or possibly nonsuppressible insulin-like activity, soluble in acid-ethanol(NSILA-s). PMID- 1113547 TI - Upward displacement of the diaphragm after lung resection. AB - Upward diaphragmatic displacement was performed in 53 patients after massive lung resection for tuberculosis or bronchiectasis and the data are presented. This technique provides ample room for expansion of the remainder of the lung; it also avoids overexpansion, activation of tuberculous foci, and relapse of bronchiectasis. Diaphragamatic displacement can be used for liquidation of a remaining infected cavity. In children with massive bronchiectasis it serves to conserve two unaffected segments and avoids pneumonectomy. During pneumonectomy in children it prevents significant shift of the mediastinum and progression of scoliosis. PMID- 1113548 TI - Letter: Embolization of bullets. PMID- 1113549 TI - Letter: Aortic regurgitation determined by cardiac catheterization. PMID- 1113550 TI - A study of the validity of the task inventory method of job analysis. AB - To enhance the efficient utilization of health providers, medical care researchers are increasingly concerned with the measurement of task performance. One job analysis methodology that is widely used is the task inventory technique, characterized by retrospective self-reporting. The purpose of this study was to validate the task inventory method by using the observational technique. Two data collection instruments were developed, a Task Inventory and an Observer Check List; both contained the same set of task statements. Trained observers shadowed 13 primary care physicians in their offices for one week recording the frequency and duration of task performance on the Observer Check Lists. At the end of the week, the 13 physicians completed a Task Inventory indicating how often they had performed each task in their offices and how long it normally took. The observers' and physicians' respective sets of data were analyzed to determine the degree of agreement. The results indicate that the agreement is not sufficient between the task data obtained by the two different methods to conclude that one is substitutable for the other. The validity of the Task Inventory method is therefore not supported by the results. PMID- 1113551 TI - The use of an information system for community health services planning and management. AB - The challenge of delivering health care on a more cost-effective and equitable basis has led to the formation of new kinds of organizations, which in turn require new kinds of management information systems. The system described in this article is used for planning resource allocation and monitoring the overall performance of Livingston Community Health Services, Inc., a rural community owned health service designed to provide comprehensive care to a geographically defined target population. The Health Services Data System processes information on performance and productivity, effectiveness with respect to the target population, and billing and financial activities. Input consists of the results of a community census and two household surveys, patient registrations and patient services operating data, and financial data. Besides billing patients automatically, the system integrates financial, demographic, and health services utilization data to generate monthly summaries for the administrators, medical director, and community board. The article discusses several examples of these summaries, stratifying utilization by geographic location of residence, age, income, and race. PMID- 1113552 TI - Vector resolution: a new tool in health planning. AB - Vector resolution represents a new method for analyzing consumer data and comparing patterns for a variety of consumer services. The vectors are derived from a measurement of frequency of use and a geographic direction from the origin of the group to the point of service. Although the data presented were drawn from a probability sample survey of southern Utah rural households, the methodology may be readily applied to data derived from a variety of sources. PMID- 1113553 TI - Cost analysis of regionalized versus decentralized abortion programs. AB - A detailed cost analysis has examined the fiscal benefits from regionalizing abortion services. Benefits were found to be virtually insignificant and not to outweigh problems of program visibility and patient accessibility incurred in such regionalization. The study covered 14 hospitals' abortion programs providing both first trimester and second trimester abortions and analyzed each program's total cost and six component costs for first trimester and second trimester procedures separately. The results of this study were employed for program planning by the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation in its operation of abortion services. PMID- 1113554 TI - The role of prescriptions in therapy. AB - The aim of the present study was that of discovering whether the prescription of drugs displaces other forms of therapy. The method adopted was that of behavior simulation. Doctors were requested to provide therapeutic proposals regarding a standard set of patient cases described in questionnaires sent to them. These cases were formulated in such a way that in the author's opinion they could easily, and perhaps best, be treated without drugs. Nevertheless, most of the cases were treated with drugs, thereby indicating the important role of drug therapy as a means of treatment. In particular, psychic disturbances were often treated by drugs. Frequently, drugs represented the only treatment offered, and no alternative form of treatment was suggested. PMID- 1113555 TI - Epidemiological definition of the cohort of diseases associated with diabetes in Southwestern American Indians. AB - A computerized health records system has facilitated an analysis of the correlated illness of a segment of population afflicted with a chronic disease. Taking the existence of clinical diabetes as a starting point, the total illness experience of 635 diabetics, as shown by clinic utilization data, has been compared with an age-sex-geographically matched control population. The comparisons show that, overall, diabetics cause a caseload rate more than double that of nondiabetics. In 17 out of 22 broad health problem areas, the diagnosis caseload rates for diabetics varied from 1.3 to 3.7 times greater than the rate for matched, non-diabetic controls. Workload (physician visit and hospital days) comparisons showed even greater disparity. Some of the comparisons confirm statistically the clinical impressions of diabetologists over the past years. Some of the findings are not reflections of orthodox clinical opinion. The results contribute to further elucidation of the natural history of this disease. They also indicate the need for the development of comprehensive clinical management programs for groups of interrelated conditions found in persons with chronic disease such as diabetes. PMID- 1113556 TI - Physician's working hours and patients seen before and after national health insurance: "free" medical care and medical practice. AB - Surveys were made of a sample of physicians before and after the introduction of a national health insurance plan in Montreal, Canada. Although the number of physicians in active practice seemed unaffected by the plan, their average working day was reduced 1.5 hours. Declines ranged from 0.3 hours for general internists to 2.7 hours for general surgeons. The average daily volume of services by physicians in the area also declined because of a decline in telephone consultations, and home and hospital visits. Office visits increased sharply. Changes in the type of services were clearly related to the fee schedule adopted by the government, with large declines in services for which payment was probably inadequate in relation to physician's time required. If the fee schedule reflected actual collections prior to the health insurance plan, then gross physician income increased as the result of redirecting services to better paying activities. PMID- 1113557 TI - The orginization of medical practice and practice orientations among physicians in prepaid and nonprepaid primary care settings. AB - Data are presented on office-based general practitioners and pediatricians working in varying practice settings. Fee-for-service physicians spend more time in direct patient care activities than those in prepaid practice, and devote more time to each patient. The data suggest that the patient load characteristic of general practice in prepaid groups encourages a more assembly line practice which is less responsive to patients than the pattern characteristic of fee-for-service practice. Prepaid physicians work during scheduled hours and may deal with increased load by processing patients more rapidly. Fee-for-service physicians tend to respond to increased demand by working longer hours. The responsiveness of primary care physicians to patient problems seems to reflect primarily their social orientations to medical practice and the time pressures they face. Varying practice settings result in different techniques of coping with the pressures of practice. Data are also presented on sociodemographic and professional characteristics of primary care physicians in varying settings, workload, use of diagnostic and laboratory procedures, social orientations to medical practice, satisfactions and dissatisfactions, and attitudes toward sociopolitical aspects of medical care. Suggestions are offered for improving the responsiveness of prepaid practice. PMID- 1113558 TI - Postgraduate training and work experience of non-ECFMG certified physicians in the U.S. AB - Data on postgraduate training and work experience of a sample of 850 Foreign Medical Graduates (FMGs) taking the January 1973 ECFMG examination in the U.S. are presented. It was found that 485 (57%) of the respondents had specialty training and, of these 485, 59 per cent were certified in a specialty. In addition, 81 per cent reported that they had worked as a physician prior to entering the U.S. The proportions with specialty training and work experience varied by country of medical education and year of graduation. The proportions with training or experience among those not currently employed in the health system are significantly lower than among those employed in the health field. Of the 186 respondents who reported passing the ECFMG examination, 92 per cent plan further training and 84 per cent of this group plan to specialize. More detailed information on the length and content of this training and work experience for different groups of FMGs is needed. PMID- 1113559 TI - A core city problem: recruitment and retention of salaried physicians. AB - The professional and personal characteristics of all physicians recruited into a large urban governmentally sponsored health system were evaluated and correlated to staff retention and loss. The results were tabulated for 84 physicians, approximately 90 per cent of the physician work force, over a three-year period. Eighty per cent resided in either Denver or the state of Colorado prior to entry. This is further reflected in a significant percentage being enrolled in the local medical school or training programs prior to entry. These facts suggest a possible source of manpower for beginning programs. Twenty-six per cent came from private practice, 32 per cent from the military and 14 per cent from the Public Health Service. The turnover rate averaged 6.2 per cent per year, with 4.4 per cent being initiated by the physician and 1.8 per cent leaving because of administrative pressure. Data from other studies are reviewed. Factors which appear to influence retention positively were residency training (pediatricians), sex (females), age (over 38) and those with team experience. These factors suggest directions as to the type of physician who, if recruited, tend to reduce turnover. The establishment of a group practice atmosphere with rewards for clinical skills and the offering of unusual specialty opportunities are proposed as positive factors in the retention of staff. PMID- 1113560 TI - The effect of preceptorship and rural training programs on physicians' practice location decisions. AB - This study analyzes the relationship between medical student participation in rural training programs, including preceptorships, and the decision to locate medical practice in rural areas. Data consist primarily of responses to questionnaires mailed in 1972 to all graduates of United States medical schools in 1965. Study findings indicate that the overall impact of such programs on practice location decisions is relatively slight, but is most pronounced with respect to urban-reared physicians in nonprimary care specialties. It was also found that a large proportion of urban-located physicians had seriously considered rural practice and that the reluctance of many physicians to locate in rural areas is linked to fear of professional isolation. The findings suggest that an increased orientation toward urban-reared students and dissemination of information on nonsolo practice opportunities in rural areas are means of increasing the effectiveness of preceptorships and other rural training programs in attracting young physicians to underserviced areas. PMID- 1113561 TI - Content of care in rural primary health care practices. AB - The data used in this study was collected by the original MEDEX project in Seattle, Washington. The original use of the data by the project was to measure changes in patient characteristics. The MEDEX-designed data collection system is compared with proposed systems for collecting nationwide ambulatory health care data collection effort is additional evidence that such data can be collected on a large scale, if the physicians and their ancilliary personnel are properly motivated. Analysis of the data yielded distributions such as patient age, sex, age by sex, diagnosis and dispositions, as well as the distributions of dispositions by diagnosis. These distributions are based on reports from over 11,000 physician-patient contacts during the summers of 1969 and 1970 by seven physicians in five rural practices located in eastern Washington State. These results are shown for each of the practices individually and for the combination of all practices, with the exception that the dispositions by diagnosis distributions are prepared for the combined practices only. Where appropriate, the results of this study are compared with the findings of Last and White4 and these results generally substantiate their findings. When differences are noted, explanations are proposed to account for the differences. PMID- 1113562 TI - A work sampling study of midlevel health professionals in a rural medical clinic. AB - A work sampling study was initiated to provide a comprehensive description of the tasks performed by midlevel health personnel in the rural component of an experimental medical care delivery system. The investigation determined the proportion of time spent on various activities by the staff members of a rural clinic which is linked to supervisory physicians in a distant urban medical center. Over 800 observations were recorded during ten randomly selected days in a two-month period on each of the three staff members. The family nurse practitioner spent one-third of her time in direct patient care activities with almost one-half of the day devoted to indirect patient care tasks. The laboratory aide allocated one-half of her day to providing direct patient services whereas the clerk-receptionist spent over 40 per cent of her day on patient records and billing. Work sampling results were considered within a comparative framework to qualitatively assess performance. The findings were coupled with proposed changes in administrative and medical policy to provide a quantitative basis for developing cost-reducing alternative staffing configurations. PMID- 1113563 TI - The use of research in national health policy: an assessment and agenda. AB - This article provides an assessment of health services research contributions to national health policy. An examination of disciplinary-based research identifies many of the shortcomings of such research and the need for a different structure for relating research to health policy. Some definitions are offered for such terms as "applied research," "disciplinary research," "policy analysis," and "policy research." A policy research model of sequential steps in problem-solving is suggested as a useful approach. A review of the federal role in health policy is developed to set the context for viewing past contributions as well as to suggest a strategy for maximizing the relevance and usefulness of research. PMID- 1113564 TI - Preimbursement: a new concept for HMO planning. AB - Federal endorsement of the HMO concept has resulted in broad understanding of a number of concepts unknown in fee-for-service medicine. As the concepts are adapted to particular circumstances, refinement can be expected. One such refinement, applicable to financial arrangements between the HMO and contracting providers, is discussed here. PMID- 1113565 TI - Letters to the editor: Privacy and computerized health information. PMID- 1113566 TI - [Evaluation of the evaluation of Swedish drug addiction therapy]. PMID- 1113567 TI - [The physician and the occupational environment]. PMID- 1113568 TI - [Vinylchloride--an example of a neglected occupational environmental risk]. PMID- 1113569 TI - [Medical treatment--at what cost?]. PMID- 1113570 TI - [Surgery in Vietnam and giant hospitals in Sweden]. PMID- 1113571 TI - [Cysolojiral diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 1113572 TI - [Experiments with regional-decentralised psychiatric outpatient treatment in Umea hospital district]. PMID- 1113573 TI - [New aspects on thrombosis and roral contraception]. PMID- 1113574 TI - [Treatment of chronic uremia with albumin/collodion-coated activated charcoal--A preliminary report]. PMID- 1113575 TI - [Poisoning cases treated at a small town hospital]. PMID- 1113576 TI - [Coloscopy as a diagnostic method in children--practical experiences]. PMID- 1113577 TI - [Aryl hydroxylase in lymphocytes--a means of finding individuals with high susceptibility to bronchogenic carcinoma?]. PMID- 1113578 TI - [Present situation in mammography]. PMID- 1113579 TI - [Bacteroides-infection in chronic otitis with mastoiditis]. PMID- 1113580 TI - [Professional secrecy and the press. Clearer general outlines wanted]. PMID- 1113581 TI - [How should the supplementary training of specialists be arranged]. PMID- 1113583 TI - [Can alcohol policy ignore health care policy?]. PMID- 1113582 TI - [The physician has a vote in the health center of Klippan]. PMID- 1113584 TI - [The abortion law and those who are incapable to the law]. PMID- 1113585 TI - [Infant care]. PMID- 1113586 TI - [Mental function changes among house painters]. PMID- 1113587 TI - [The public costs of suicides compared to road accidents]. PMID- 1113588 TI - [The use of Zoedler's nylon net-sling operation in urinary stress incontinence in women]. PMID- 1113589 TI - The tympano-frontal shunt: a procedure for the treatment of chronic Eustachian tube insufficiency. AB - Eight ears with complications due to chronic eustachian tube insufficiency had insertion of a silicone rubber tympano-frontal shunt tube between the mastoid antrum and the ipsilateral frontal sinus. A one-way valve designed to open at -10 mm H20 was placed on the tympanic end of the tube to minimize tube obstruction by ear secretions. Follow-up an average of 20 months post insertion showed six of the eight ears to have an aerated middle ear without fluid or tympanic membrane retraction or perforation. PMID- 1113590 TI - Panel discussion. Serious effusion of the middle ear. PMID- 1113591 TI - Optimal treatment for the technically resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx. AB - The charts of 431 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx observed at the M.D. Anderson Hospital between January, 1954, and June, 1971, were analyzed. This study is concerned with those patients who had a technically resectable lesion. Emphasis is directed to the analysis of the effectiveness of primary irradiation instead of partial laryngectomy for those lesions which are technically suitable for a partial resection and to define the groups of patients which are best treated by combining surgery and planned postoperative irradiation. One hundred forty-seven patients with T1 and T2 lesions, selected exophytic T3 lesions of the suprahyoid epiglottis received irradiation for their laryngeal lesion. A satisfactory control of the laryngeal disease has been obtained with preservation of a normal voice ranging from 88.5 percent for T1 lesions to 60 percent for T4 lesion. Comparing the groups of patients who had surgery alone or postoperative irradiation an NED rate of 63 percent was found in the latter group which is clearly superior to the 37 percent found in the surgery only group. There is no difference for the five-year NED rates, because the patients who had surgery and postoperative irradiation had more advanced neck disease which is a cause for distant metastases. The incidence of recurrences above the clavicles is clearly less in patients having had surgery and postoperative irradiation than in those who had surgery alone. Correlating in the two groups, surgery only and surgery followed by planned irradiation, the surgical staging of the neck metastases with recurrences above the clavicles within 24 months after treatment, it was found that the planned combined treatment has reduced the recurrence rate from 45 percent to 15 percent in the N2 and N3 patients. Postoperative irradiation should be given routinely after resection for all T4 lesions and for any T3 lesion which extends to the pharyngeal wall(s), vallecula, base of tongue, and pyriform sinus. Postoperative irradiation should also be given for any patient whose nodal classification is greater than N1. Irradiation should be given within six weeks (preferably three to four weeks) after the surgical procedure. To achieve this goal, the operation need only remove grossly detectable disease. PMID- 1113592 TI - The biomechanics of facial bone fracture. AB - Selected facial bone locations were impacted to simulate clinical trauma conditions. Locations selected included the nose, zygoma, mandible, maxilla, and frontal bone. The experiment clearly delineate tolerance bands for the facial bones for both sexes. These data should permit the improved design of injury producing structures. PMID- 1113593 TI - Diverting the paralyzed larynx: a reversible procedure for intractable aspiration. AB - Some unfortunate patients suffer disorders which in one way or another, usually neurologically, severely restrict the larynx in its role as a protector of the lower airway. Aspiration ensues, and unless it can be successfully managed, repeated episodes of a violent pneumonitis may lead to terminal chest problems. In some patients, even the cuffed tracheostomy tubes of new and improved design do not adequately prevent aspiration over an extended time intervel, as evidenced by repeated bouts of aspiration pneumonia despite these cuffed tubes and despite optimal intensive care. For these patients with intractable aspiration, and in whom recovery is expected only after a prolonged period of time, we have suggested a diverting procedure which employs a tracheo-esophageal anastomosis, as an effective yet reversible solution. Such an anastomosis with concomitant tracheostomy allows aspiration of saliva and even food to occur through the malfunctioning larynx but diverts it back into the esophagus through the tracheo esophageal anastomosis. In normal mongrel dogs we demonstrated that an end-to side tracheo-esophageal anastomosis is well tolerated and can be performed without damage to the intrinsic larynx or recurrent laryngeal nerves. The tracheo esophageal lumen remained patent and the anastomosis intact for as long as these animals were observed prior to reconstruction. The reversibility of the tracheo esophageal anastomosis was demonstrated in these dogs by excising the anastomosis, repairing the esophageal defect, and restoring the continuity of the trachea by end-to-end anastomosis. Vocal cord motion remained intact, the dogs ate normally, and barked once again. A tracheo-esophageal anastomosis was performed in a 60-year-old white female who had suffered lower cranial nerve damage as a result of a large acoustic tumor and the excision thereof. Despite every effort to control aspiration, pneumonitis occurred and became fulminant. The diverting tracheo-esophageal anastomosis was performed with relative ease and was well tolerated by the patient. Aspiration was totally and dependably controlled, and no further chest complications occurred. Her nasogastric feeding tube was removed, and she ate a regular diet with very little difficulty. She gained in strength, became much more alert mentally, and is now taking care of herself in a nursing home. We are following her progress by indirect laryngoscopy and barium swallow examinations and at five months post anastomosis, we are possibly seeing the first signs of lower cranial nerve recovery. We hope that reconstruction and restoration of function will soon be possible. PMID- 1113594 TI - Voice rehabilitation following blunt trauma to the larynx. AB - Two case reports illustrate different ways for restoration of quality of the voice. In both instances the vocal cords were displaced by trauma and restored by surgical correction. PMID- 1113595 TI - The safety of intubation in croup and epiglottitis: an eight-year follow-up. AB - A series of 815 infectious croup (i.e., laryngotracheobronchitis) cases and 55 epiglottitis cases, encompassing an eight-year interval, is reviewed to determine the incidence of adverse effects of nasotracheal intubation used to manage upper airway obstruction. The racial, sex, and age distributions, in addition to modalities of treatment, are presented. The intubated cases (86 patients), representing 6.5 percent of all croup cases and 60 percent of all epiglottitis cases, are described in more detail with respect to presenting symptoms and physical findings. The average duration of intubation is 55 hours for epiglottis and 88 hours for croup. The incidence of immediate, reversible complications for the entire intubated series is 7 percent. The incidence of delayed, irreversible complications, as determined by: 1. noting any persistent post-extubation symptoms; 2. measuring peak expiratory flow rates; and 3. laryngeal polytomography, is 1.6 percent. The mortality secondary to intubation is 0 percent. The complication rate (1.6 percent) in this series of nasotracheal intubations is lower than the mortality (3.6 percent) in a large collective series of pediatric tracheotomies performed for airway obstruction in croup or epiglottitis. Other advantages of intubation vs. tracheotomy are described (i.e., shorter hospital stay, dilatatory effect of endotracheal tube). The authors conclude that nasotracheal intubation is safer than pediatric tracheotomy and should be considered the procedure of choice in the management of upper airway obstruction secondary to croup or epiglottitis. PMID- 1113596 TI - The use of spectrograms in the evaluation of vocal cord injection. AB - The utilization of voice spectrography can be an important adjunct to the assessment of vocal cord function by both laryngologists and speech pathologists. It is especially useful in determining the effectiveness of vocal cord Teflon paste injection procedures. Dysphonic characteristics are made visible, and their improvement can be monitored. As such, spectrographic analysis should be considered as a useful tool for the laryngologist. PMID- 1113597 TI - Penetrating neck wounds: selective exploration. AB - This study of 223 patients with penetrating neck wounds justifies individualizing surgical treatment. Twenty-four percent was selected for neck surgery. In spite of selective rather than mandatory neck exploration, the mortality rate related to the neck wound in this series was three percent. This compared favorably with the experience of others employing mandatory exploration. There were no deaths in our series attributable to selective observation. PMID- 1113598 TI - Frontal sinus disease. III. Experimental and clinical factors in failure of the frontal osteoplastic operation. AB - The surgical approach to frontal sinus disease has been subject to much variation. Experimental evidence for new treatment modalities is quite limited. Frontal osteoplasty, while probably the best procedure to date, has up to a 25 percent failure rate. Possible complications include recurrent disease, incomplete bony obliteration (Macbeth technique), infection of the adipose implant, frontal bossing or depression, and laceration of the dura. Four experimental groups were designed using the canine frontal sinus model. Results indicated that stripping the mucosa in a normal sinus with intact periosteum and a patent nasofrontal duct will not consistently lead to normal mucosal regeneration. Second, the additional factor of removing the periosteum (as in osteoplasty by osteoneogenesis), leads to partial fibrous obliteration complicated by mucocele formation. Third, sinus obliteration by osteoneogenesis was much more consistent with concurrent closure of the nasofrontal duct. Fourth, intentionally leaving a strip of mucosa leads to failure of obliteration by osteoneogenesis 100 percent of the time. Finally, bony-fibrous obliteration increases with time but is still incomplete after one year. In light of these results, fat obliteration with closure of the nasofrontal duct is probably more reliable than obliteration by osteoneogenesis. PMID- 1113599 TI - Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. AB - Malignant melanomas arising from the mucosal areas of the head and neck are rare. When such neoplasms are encountered, the problem of their management is often poorly resolved. Cases of primary malignant melanoma of the maxillary sinus, the nasopharynx, oral cavity and laryngo-pharynx are presented and the results of treatment analyzed. Much of the difficulty in therapy is due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms which determine survival. A brief discussion of melanoma immunology is presented. Surgery (including cryosurgery) remains the primary therapy when possible. The role of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy in such lesions cannot be clearly delineated at this time. PMID- 1113600 TI - The incidence and mortality rates for laryngeal cancer from total cancer registries. PMID- 1113601 TI - A preliminary analysis of end results for cancer of the larynx. PMID- 1113602 TI - Gordon Richards Memorial Lecture: Epithelial neoplasia--a homeostatic disorders. PMID- 1113603 TI - An approach to investigation. PMID- 1113604 TI - Trigeminal neurinomas. AB - Trigeminal neurinomas may produce atypical facial pain, loss of facial sensation, facial palsy, hearing loss, nystagmus, or vertigo, and thus may be confused with nasopharyngeal carcinomas or acoustic neurinomas. The diagnosis can be made by the clinical presentation together with radiographic features showing widening of the foramen ovale and/or smooth destruction of the anteromedial portion of the peterous apex. Tomography, pneumoencephalography, angiography, and other diagnostic procedures are sometimes helpful. Treatment is removal by transtemporal craniotomy and offers an excellent prognosis. PMID- 1113605 TI - Density of goblet cells in chronic secretory otitis media: findings in a biopsy material. AB - In 30 ears from 24 children with chronic secretory otitis the density of goblet cells and of glands was determined on biopsies from the anterior part of the promontory. The goblet-cell and gland density proved to be highly increased in all cases, with marked individual variations. The median density of goblet cells was 142 cells/field, corresponding to 8,000 cells/mm-2. This substantiates the fact that in chronic secretory otitis the mucous secretion is a product of goblet cells and mucous glands and confirms the secretory pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 1113606 TI - An absorbent, non-adherent nasal pack. AB - A modification of an absorbent, non-adherent material (Telfa) is described for use as an anterior nasal packing. The ideal nasal packing should fulfill certain criteria. It should be easy to introduce and remove, contour to the nasal cavity to exert a tamponade effect, and should not prolapse or react unfavorably with the mucous membranes of the nose. The advantages of Telfa as a nasal packing is discussed and compared to previously described materials in this regard. During the past three years this pack has been used in over 800 patients for anterior epistaxis, septal and rhinoplastic surgery. The results have been extremely satisfactory, and the authors suggest their use in these cases. PMID- 1113607 TI - 15 questions in pediatrics. PMID- 1113608 TI - Pathology mediquiz. Case 1. PMID- 1113609 TI - Pathology mediquiz. Case 2. PMID- 1113610 TI - Pathology mediquiz. Case 3. PMID- 1113612 TI - Hematology mediquiz. Case 1. PMID- 1113611 TI - Pathology mediquiz. Case 6. PMID- 1113613 TI - Hematology mediquiz. Case 2. PMID- 1113614 TI - Hematology mediquiz. Case 4. PMID- 1113616 TI - Hematology mediquiz. Case 8. PMID- 1113615 TI - Hematology mediquiz. Case 5. PMID- 1113617 TI - Try your hand at this newest method of testing. PMID- 1113618 TI - Cardiology mediquiz. Case 1. PMID- 1113620 TI - Cardiology mediquiz. Case 5. PMID- 1113619 TI - Cardiology mediquiz. Case 3. PMID- 1113621 TI - Cardiology mediquiz. Case 6. PMID- 1113622 TI - Cardiology mediquiz. Case 7. PMID- 1113623 TI - Cardiology mediquiz. Case 8. PMID- 1113625 TI - 12 questions in orthopedic surgery and trauma. PMID- 1113624 TI - Cardiology mediquiz. Case 10. PMID- 1113626 TI - 10 questions on diabetes. PMID- 1113627 TI - 26 questions on preventive medicine and public health. PMID- 1113628 TI - 25 questions in general medicine. PMID- 1113629 TI - Editorial: As we move closer to mandatory recertification. PMID- 1113630 TI - Editorial: What you told us about relicensurance/recertification. PMID- 1113631 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. Case 1. PMID- 1113632 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. Case 2. PMID- 1113633 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. Case 4. PMID- 1113634 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. Case 5. PMID- 1113635 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. Case 6. PMID- 1113636 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. Case 8. PMID- 1113637 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. Case 9. PMID- 1113638 TI - Dermatology mediquiz. Case 10. PMID- 1113639 TI - Two case report quizzes in surgery. PMID- 1113640 TI - 10 questions in endocrinology. PMID- 1113641 TI - 17 questions in cardiovascular disease. PMID- 1113642 TI - Radiology mediquiz. Case 2. PMID- 1113643 TI - Radiology mediquiz. Case 3. PMID- 1113644 TI - Radiology mediquiz. Case 4. PMID- 1113645 TI - Radiology mediquiz. Case 5. PMID- 1113646 TI - Radiology mediquiz. Case 6. PMID- 1113647 TI - Radiolgy mediquiz. Case 7. PMID- 1113649 TI - Radiology mediquiz. Case 9. PMID- 1113648 TI - Radiology mediquiz. Case 8. PMID- 1113650 TI - Radiology mediquiz. Case 10. PMID- 1113651 TI - Refresher tips on preparing for an examination. PMID- 1113652 TI - Questions in psychiatry for family physicians. PMID- 1113653 TI - [Selection of flow sheets for obtaining apyrogenic water]. PMID- 1113654 TI - [Several aspects of artistic construction in designing the frames of eyeglasses for optical correction of vision]. PMID- 1113655 TI - [The time required for investment return on medical equipment]. PMID- 1113656 TI - [A method of determining the mechanical properties of biological materials]. PMID- 1113657 TI - [A device for total cranio-cerebral, intragastric and other kinds of local hypothermia]. PMID- 1113658 TI - [Glucose consumption test in the urine for the demonstration of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 1113659 TI - [Treatment of acute ureteral colic and of passageable calculus]. PMID- 1113660 TI - [Early results of surgical methods combined with vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer under evaluation of the pentagastrin test]. PMID- 1113661 TI - [Relationship between biliary reflux and stomach diseases]. PMID- 1113662 TI - [Behavior of carbohydrate metabolism in shock following experimental head injury]. PMID- 1113663 TI - [DPH-intoxication--clinical and psychological findings in an extremely slow elimination of diphenylhydantoin]. PMID- 1113664 TI - [Lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1113665 TI - [Results of an inquiry into the threatening behavior of ambulatory psychiatric patients]. PMID- 1113666 TI - [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 1113667 TI - [Pulmonary function related to diagnostic criteria in 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1113668 TI - [Principles of action and adverse effects of laxatives]. PMID- 1113669 TI - [Delirious syndrome in Ludiomil therapy]. PMID- 1113671 TI - [Encephalopathy in acquired chronic liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1113670 TI - [Treatment of syphilis using a depot penicillin G preparation based on serum penicillin level determination]. PMID- 1113672 TI - [Letter: Surgical methods in chronic frontal sinusitis?]. PMID- 1113674 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of urinary calculi]. PMID- 1113675 TI - [Gas chromatography of linoleic acid in the serum of patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1113676 TI - [Therapy of chronic bronchitis using antibiotic aerosols]. PMID- 1113677 TI - Effect of noradrenaline on triglyceride and glycogen concentrations in liver and muscle from man. AB - Fifteen male subjects aged 21-29 were given noradrenaline infusions for 4 hr. The noradrenaline infusions started at a rate of 0.1 mug/kg/min and were increased stepwise at hourly intervals. Blood was sampled before and at hourly intervals during and after the noradrenaline infusions. Needle biopsies were taken from the femoral muscle in 10 subjects and frim the liver in 8 subjects before and after the noradrenaline infusion. The concentrations of FFA in lasma and of beta hydroxybutyric acid in blood were markedly elevated during noradrenaline infusion. The concentrations of plasma TG and blood glucose were slightly elevated. In liver the TG concentration increased from 23.1 to 32.7 mmole/kh (p smaller than 0.001). It was estimated that the de novo synthesis of TG in the liver could have required about 30% of the plasma FFA entering the slanchnic region. In muscle the TG concentration was 3.6 mmole/kh lower after the noradrenaline infusion (p smaller than 0.001). No change was found in the concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids in muscle or of cholesterol in liver. The glycogen concentration in muscle did not change during noradrenaline infusion. The decrease in liver glycogen concentration was of the same order of magnitude as previously observed in fasting man. The results suggest that noradrenaline was without major net effects on the metabolism of glycogen in liver and muscle. PMID- 1113678 TI - Peripheral metabolism of bovine parathyroid hormone in the dog. AB - Four dogs were infused with highly purified bovine parathyroid hormone until constant levels of immunoreactive hormone were attained in the circulation. Simultaneous samples of plasma were then obtained from the aorta, from hepatic, renal, and femoral veins, and later from a pulmonary artery and the left ventricle. Radioimmunoassay of these samples revealed mean arteriovenous differences of -23% across the liver and -19% across the kidney. No significant differences were found across the lung or lower extremity. After termination of the infusion the disappearance rate of immunoreactive hormone in external jugular venous blood was multiexponential: the predominant initial T 1/2 was 4, 6, and 8 min, and the terminal component was 60, 54, and 99 min. respectively, in 3 dogs. PMID- 1113679 TI - Removal of insulin by perfused rat liver: effect of concentration. AB - The kinetics of insulin removal by isolated rat liver were investigated by measuring the rate of disappearance of insulin from the perfusate during recycling perfusion and by comparing the extraction of insulin over a wide range of constant arterial hormone levels during nonrecycling perfusion. In the recycling studies, insulin was removed from the perfusing medium at a uniform rate between 5 and 45 min. The reaction velocity constant, or hepatic clearance, during this period of uniform disappearance averaged 1.8 ml/min and represented 34% of the volume flow through the liver. In the nonrecycling flow-through studies at constant arterial insulin concentration, an initial period of accelerated hepatic uptake of insulin was seen. This period lasted for 3 to 7 min, was seen at every level of arterial insulin concentration, and was followed by a period of constant hepatic insulin removal. The hepatic removal rate during the period of constant uptake increased in a linear fashion until arterial insulin concentration reached 500 muU/ml and attained a maximal value at concentrations over 800 muU/ml. These findings indicate that the time course of hepatic insulin uptake by the perfused rat liver consists of two phases-an initial rapid phase, possibly associated with insulin binding, followed by a sustained rate of insulin removal, which probably represents insulin utilization and degradation. The rate of hepatic insulin removal was found to be proportional to arterial insulin concentration overa range of 20 to 500 muU/ML. Above this concentration, hepatic removal processes became saturated, reaching a maximal value of 183 muU of insulin per gram of liver per minute. PMID- 1113680 TI - Fatty acid synthesis by human adipose tissue. AB - The effect of age and nutritional status on the synthesis of fatty acids from a variety of labeled substrates by human adipose tissue in vitro was investigated. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that, although human adipose tissue is able to oxidize glucose to CO2, its ability to incorporate glucose-carbon into long chain fatty acids is negligible. Although the utilization of acetate for the synthesis of fatty acids by adipose tissue is substantial in the presence of glucose and insulin, its physiologic significance in human under normal dietary conditions is questionable. That the capacity of human adipose tissue is limited is further supported by (1) a negligible incorporation of pyruvate-3-14C (up to 25 mM concentration in the incubation medium) into fatty acids, (2) a lack of stimulation in lipogenesis by human adipose tissue after refeeding a diet high in carbohydrate and very low in fat to a previously starved human, and (3) an extremely low activity of pyruvate carboxylase and ATP-citrate lyase in adipose tissues from humans of varying ages. The activities of other key lipogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and NADP-malate dehydrogenase, are also low. These enzymes can be stimulated in human adipose tissue after a fasting-refeeding regimen. The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is also very low in human adipose tissue,and it is suggested that a pathway of glyceroneogenesis may not play a significant role in human adipose tissue. In light of our results, together with previous reports, it is possible to conclude that the capacity of human adipose tissue to utilize a dietary carbohydrate for the synthesis of fatty acids is extremely low and that the liver plays a major role in the biosynthesis of endogenous fatty acids from dietary carbohydrate in the human. PMID- 1113681 TI - Evidence for a physiologic role of pancreatic glucagon in human glucose homeostasis: studies with somatostatin. AB - To study the role of glucagon in human glucose homeostasis, experimental glucagon deficiency was produced by infusing somatostatin (i. v. 250 mug bolus, followed by infusion of 500 mug/hr) in six normal subjects and in two hypophysectomized patients-an insulin-dependent diabetic and a nondiabetic. In normal subjects, somatostatin lowered plasma glucagon from a mean (plus or minus SE) basal level of 85 plus or minus 15 to 33 plus or minus 10 pg/ml, p smaller than 0.001. Concurrently, plasma glucose fell from 90 plus or minus 2 to 73 plus or minus 3 mg/100 ml, p smaller than 0.001. Serum insulin and growth hormone fell slightly during somatostatin infusion, while plasma free fatty acids rose. In both hypophysectomized patients, somatostatin lowered plasma glucagon and glucose levels. In all subjects, after stopping somatostatin infusions, plasma glucagon and glucose returned promptly to control values, while serum growth hormone did not change. In additional in vitro studies, somatostatin (1 mug/ml) had no effect on muscle glucose uptake. Since it is known that somatostatin has no direct effect on hepatic glucose production, these results suggest that the fall in plasma glucose during somatostatin infusion resulted from inhibition of glucagon secretion, thus providing evidence that this hormone plays a physiologic role in the maintenance of fasting euglycemia in man. PMID- 1113682 TI - Increased sterol excretion with polyunsaturated-fat high-cholesterol diets. AB - Previous studies have shown that polyunsaturated ruminant fats in the diets of human subjects cause an increase in cholesterol and bile acid excretion during the first 3 weeks of such diets. The present studies were designed to compare the effects of polyunsaturated (P) and conventional (S) ruminant fats at two levels of dietary cholesterol intake: a higher (HC) and lower (LC). Four study periods, each of about 3 weeks' duration, were conducted in 5 healthy subjects providing these dietary combinations: HCS, HCP, LCS, LCP. Neutral sterols and bile acids were measured in the feces, and sterol balances were calculated. Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly lower with P than with S diets at both HC and LC intakes. Changes attributable to differences in fatty acids and to differences in cholesterol intake appeared to exert independent effects. The major changes occurred in lipoproteins with density 1.019-1.045. Cholesterol absorption expressed as a percentage of the dietary intake was not significantly different with the four diets. Neutral sterol excretion of probable endogenous origin and bile acid excretion were significantly higher during the HCP than during the HCS periods, but the difference between LCP and LCS periods was less marked. Net sterol excretion was therefore significantly greater with HCP and LCP than with HCS and LCS diets, the differences being greater at HC than at LC intakes. Comparisons of diets with similar fatty acid but differing cholesterol intakes showed lower net sterol excretion with HCS than with LCS diets (presumably due to suppression by HC by cholesterol synthesis), but this difference was not seen between HCP and LCP diets. This finding, together with greater sterol excretion with HCP than with HCS diets, showed that enhanced sterol excretion with polyunsaturated fat was potentiated with higher cholesterol intake. This enhanced excretion was generally greater during the first than during the second 3-week period of polyunsaturated fat. PMID- 1113683 TI - Evidence that parathyroid hormone is not required for phosphate homeostasis in renal failure. AB - Varying degrees of renal failure were produced by surgical reduction of renal mass in normal dogs and in thyroparathyroidectomized dogs (TPTX) in whom serum calcium levels were maintained in the normal range by the administration of vitamin D. Both groups of dogs maintained normal serum phosphate levels in spite of progressive decreases in glomerular filtration rates (GFR). Furthermore, both groups of dogs were able to increase the fractional excretion of phosphate as GFR decreased. Thus the same renal response to loss of GFR was maintained in the complete absence of parathyroid tissue. Finally, stable serum phosphate levels and increased fractional excretion of phosphate in response to a decrease in GFR were also demonstrated in acutely TPTX dogs who were not receiving vitamin D. These results indicate that phosphate homeostasis can be maintained in renal failure in the total absence of parathyroid hormone secretion. PMID- 1113685 TI - An untraditional approach to a traditional problem. PMID- 1113684 TI - Plasma catecholamine response of coronary-prone subjects (type A) to a specific challenge. AB - Plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were assayed in 15 men prone to develop coronary heart disease (type-A behavior pattern) and in 15 coronary disease-resistant men (type-B behavior pattern) under resting, noncompetitive conditions and also immediately before, during, and after participation in a nonphysical competitive struggle. The average concentration of catecholamines was virtually the same in both groups under resting conditions. Under competitive conditions the NE concentration of the coronary-susceptible group rose an average of 30%, while that of the resistant group remained essentially unchanged. E concentration remained unchanged in both groups. PMID- 1113686 TI - Hanging fire on a big need to know. PMID- 1113687 TI - Moving on to what? PMID- 1113688 TI - Michigan's women in medicine--their 'vital statistics'. PMID- 1113689 TI - Distinguished representatives of Michigan's woman MDs. PMID- 1113691 TI - Patients need more of their doctor. PMID- 1113690 TI - In patients over 20 years of age: Surgical correction of congenital malformation of the heart and great vessels. PMID- 1113692 TI - Integrating ethics into the medical curriculum: one school's progress report. PMID- 1113693 TI - Reye's syndrome in Michigan: the 1974 epidemiologic experience. PMID- 1113694 TI - Absorption capacity of the upper airway and lungs. Part I. General concepts. PMID- 1113695 TI - Patient medication profiles - their value to physician & pharmacist. PMID- 1113696 TI - [Myeloproliferative syndrome]. PMID- 1113697 TI - [Relationship between marrow and bones in osteoporoses]. PMID- 1113698 TI - [Diagnostic procedure in hemorrhagic diathesis]. PMID- 1113699 TI - [Geographical distribution of leukemia. Study on the urban/rural relationship]. AB - The geographical distribution of leukemia 69 soldiers of the German army died of leukemia between 1957 and 1970. Investigations were made with regard to their geographical distribution, in comparison to 1500 healthy soldiers. The percentage of leukemia patients, who lived in rural areas (villages up to 500 inhabitants) was 2.1 times higher. With regard to the birth-place this "rural provenance" was even more significant (3.6 times higher). This means: every fifth soldier, who died of leukemia, originated from a little village (of the control-group: every sixteenth). A local incidence ("clusters") was not found. The professions were of no particular significance. These findings raise the question if there exist risk factors in rural environment (domestic animals?). PMID- 1113700 TI - [Clusters of Hodgkin's disease. Case report of two brothers]. AB - Case report of two brothers who suffered from lymphogranulomatosis successively. Familiary clusters are rare and are in favour of infectious and of hereditary factors in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease. The own observation is discussed in reference to the world literature. PMID- 1113701 TI - [The speaking laboratory computer. A new way of information transmission between physician and laboratory]. PMID- 1113702 TI - [Distribution of Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch. ticks on the northern slope of western Saian and factors determining it. Report III. Development of larvae and nymphs and the composition of ticks of various generations in the imago population]. PMID- 1113703 TI - [Discovery of Aedes vexans nipponi Theobald (Diptera, Culicidae) in the Ukraine]. PMID- 1113704 TI - [Trichinelliasis, alveococcosis, and echinococcosis in mammals in Magadan oblast]. PMID- 1113705 TI - [Study of the effects of products of the vital activities of ascarids at various stages of development of the dwarf tapeworm in white mice]. PMID- 1113706 TI - [Case of myasis caused by larvae of the moth fly (Diptera, Psychodidae)]. PMID- 1113707 TI - [Use of a decoction of squash seeds with acrichine in the treatment of patients with hymenolepidiasis]. PMID- 1113708 TI - [Analysis of the connection of epidemiologically active foci of tick-borne encephalitis with natural conditions of the Buriat ASSR]. PMID- 1113709 TI - [Behavior of the tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes persulcatus ticks of various origins]. PMID- 1113710 TI - [Data on the fauna and ecology of horseflies in the basin of the lower Tunguska]. PMID- 1113711 TI - [Costume for mechanical simultaneous protection of the human body against ixodid ticks and blood-sucking flies]. PMID- 1113712 TI - [Primary breeding place of synanthropic flies in rural areas of Aktiubinsk oblast of the Kazakh SSR]. PMID- 1113714 TI - [Morphological and histochemical changes in the flea X. cheopis Roths. infected with plaque bacilli]. PMID- 1113713 TI - [Search for new repellants in the alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone series]. PMID- 1113715 TI - [Effects of entobacterin on flea larvae]. PMID- 1113716 TI - [Age-related changes in the imago of Ctenophthalmus wagneri Tifl, 1928 (Ctenophthalmidae, Siphonaptera)]. PMID- 1113717 TI - [On a case of "hyperglobulinemic purpura" in childhood]. PMID- 1113718 TI - [Pheochromocytoma in childhood. Report of a case of a familial type in an 8-year old boy]. AB - A case of right adrenal pheochromocytoma in an 8-yr-old boy and its successful surgical management are described. Clinical and statistical data are given for this form and its symptomatology and aetiopathogenesis are illustrated. Particular stress is laid on the occasionally misunderstood importance of the part played by continuous hypertension. Early diagnosis and surgery are essential to avoid the onset of serious cardiocirclatory complications. PMID- 1113719 TI - Letter: Medical liability-medicine's challenge. PMID- 1113720 TI - Amylase production by bronchogenic small cell carcinoma. PMID- 1113721 TI - Bladder cancer in man. An update. PMID- 1113722 TI - Retroperitoneal hemangiopericytoma. PMID- 1113723 TI - Drug induced hemolytic anemia. PMID- 1113724 TI - Staphylococcal endocarditis in narcotic addicts. Diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1113725 TI - Annular pancreas in the adult. PMID- 1113726 TI - Hearing aids. Help for many hearing-impaired persons. PMID- 1113727 TI - Adolescence. Phase or disturbance? PMID- 1113728 TI - Tansy ragwort: a toxic threat to livestock. PMID- 1113729 TI - Joint immobilization in small animals. PMID- 1113730 TI - Modified nictitans flap for corneal lesions. PMID- 1113731 TI - The urinary bladder. PMID- 1113732 TI - Emergency treatment of endurance horses. PMID- 1113733 TI - Punishment--valid teaching tool or dog owner's nemesis? PMID- 1113734 TI - Indications for tarsorrhaphy. PMID- 1113735 TI - Fungi associated with growing stalagtites. PMID- 1113736 TI - The status of three western rust fungi. PMID- 1113737 TI - The effect of Botran on fascicle production by species of Penicillium. PMID- 1113738 TI - Effects of temperature, relative humidity, and desiccation of germination of Nectria galligena conidia. PMID- 1113739 TI - Chronic myopathy associated with coxsackievirus type A9. A combined electron microscopical and viral isolation study. AB - Virus-like crystalline structures in human skeletal muscles have been observed by many electron microspists, but no viruses have been isolated and identified in such cases. An 11-year-old girl who had had muscular weakness and physical retardation since early infancy died of pneumonia due to atrophy of diaphragmatic and intercostal muscles. Electron microscopy of these muscles revealed a heavy infiltration of picornavirus-like particles that measured 19 to 23 nm in diameter. Subsequent inoculation of primary human-amnion cells with a sonic treated suspension of the patient's diaphragmatic muscle induced an enterovirus like cytopathic effect. The isolate was identified with use of Lim-Benyesh- Meinick enterovirus typing serum pools as coxsackievirus Type A-9. This viral isolation supports the belief that the organized electron-dense particles in human muscle are indeed virions. PMID- 1113740 TI - Effects of oral alanine feeding on blood glucose, plasma glucagon and insulin concentrations in small-for-gestational-age infants. AB - The effects of oral alanine feeding on glucose homeostasis were evaluated in 21 infants who were small for gestational age and 26 who were appropriate for gestational age. In the first 24 hours, basal plasma alanine concentrations were higher in the former. Oral alanine feedings produced a significant rise over baseline levels of plasma alanine and glucagon concentrations in both groups. The blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations also increased significantly in infants who were appropriate but not in those who were small for gestational age. At 25 to 96 hours of age, plasma glucagon, insulin and blood glucose concentrations did not change after the alanine feeding in either group. These data indicate that in the normally nourished infant (appropriate forgestational age), gluconeogenic amino acid (alanine) enhances hepatic glucose output. This phenomenon is not observed in the mainourished infants (small for gestational age), a point that may reflect decreased glycogen stores and ineffective gluconeogenic enzyme system in such infants. PMID- 1113741 TI - The teaching hospital and primary care. Closing down the clinics. AB - Hospitals have become major providers of primary medical care by default rather than design because of the decreasing availability of primary physicians in community practice. In 1972, Beth Israel Hospital in Boston closed its traditional general clincs and estblished a primary-care group practice--Beth Israel Ambulatory Care. The practice is staffed by teams of full-time salaried physicians, other health professionals and paraprofessionals, house staff and medical students. More than 25 per cent of patient visits are managed by nonphysicians. Subspecialty clinics have been relieved of primary-care case loads and limited to referral and consultative functions. In 1973-74, the cost per visit was $20.32. Patient-visit volume in primary care has increased from a figure of 29,144 in 1971-72 to 41,650 in 1973-74. Broken appointments have declined by one third. PMID- 1113742 TI - Urinary-tract stones resulting from the excretion of oxypurinol. PMID- 1113743 TI - Single-visit oral cholecystography. PMID- 1113745 TI - Sounding board: In insurance we trust? PMID- 1113744 TI - Editorial: Nature of the newborn. PMID- 1113746 TI - Letter: Occurrence of "viral particles" in diarrhea: Houston, Texas, and Guatemala. PMID- 1113747 TI - Letter: Possible needle-associated Rocky Mountain spotted fever. PMID- 1113748 TI - Letter: Isolation for hepatitis patients? PMID- 1113749 TI - Letter: Negative Kveim test in Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 1113750 TI - Letter: Use of L-dopa to relieve pain from bone metastases. PMID- 1113751 TI - Letter: Hormonal actions and obesity. PMID- 1113752 TI - Letter: Herpetic whitlow. PMID- 1113753 TI - Letter: Partial deafness after erythromycin. PMID- 1113754 TI - Letter: Factors affecting sex ratio. PMID- 1113755 TI - Letter: The pregnant mother: one or two patients? PMID- 1113756 TI - Letter: Poppies. PMID- 1113757 TI - Letter: Role of consultants in confirming need for operations. PMID- 1113758 TI - Letter: Mutual complementarity of nurses and doctors. PMID- 1113759 TI - Letter: Ethics of group practice. PMID- 1113760 TI - Letter: System for organ donation. PMID- 1113761 TI - Ventilatory control in myxedema and hypothyroidism. AB - Alveolar hypoventilation is known to occur in myxedema. To clarify the role of hypoxic ventilatory drive and hypercapnic ventilatory drive in thyroid hormone insufficiency states, 10 patients with myxedema and seven with hypothyroidism (thyroid ablation) were studied before and after thyroid replacement. An index developed for hypoxic ventilatory drive was markedly reduced in myxedema: 17 plus or minus 4.7 (S.E.M.) (normal, 126 plus or minus 8.7) (P smaller than 0.01) and increased to 78 plus or minus 12.6 (p = 0.02) with thyroid hormone replacement. In the hypothyroid group this index was also depressed as compared to normal at 67 plus or minus 20 (p smaller than 0.01) and increased to 114 plus or minus 19 (p smaller than 0.02) with replacement. An index for hypercapnic ventilatory drive was depressed in myxedema, 0.69 plus or minus 0.01), but was not significantly depressed in hypothyroidism. With thyroid hormone replacement this index did not significantly increase in either group. We conclude that both myxedema and hypothyroid states produce depression of hypoxic ventilatory drive that is responsive to replacement therapy. This alteration in ventilatory control may contribute to the hypoventilation seen in myxedema. PMID- 1113762 TI - Comparison of 125I fibrinogen count scanning with phlebography for detection of venous thrombi after elective hip surgery. AB - A comparison was made of 125I fibrinogen count scanning and phlebography in 142 limbs of 83 patients without known prior deep venous thrombosis who underwent total hip replacement. A localized accumulation of fibrinogen located away from the hip wound represented a fresh thrombus in 25 of 29 cases (86 per cent). However, of all the fresh thrombi demonstrated by phlebography, the fibrinogen scan detected only approximately 50 per cent. Major reasons for failure to detect thrombi were the presence of the wound and the small size of some thrombi. In defining whether or not fresh venous thrombosis was present in a given patient, the scan was accurate in three quarters of the cases. We conclude that fibrinogen scanning is a useful examination in patients after elective hip surgery, but less accurate than previously reported. PMID- 1113763 TI - The public health--continuing discord--crash call. PMID- 1113764 TI - Editorial: Detritemia. PMID- 1113765 TI - Editorial: The Edelin trial fiasco. PMID- 1113766 TI - Letter: Defective cell maturation in combined immunotherapy. PMID- 1113767 TI - Letter: Familial occurrence of spontaneious platelet aggregation. PMID- 1113768 TI - Letter: Immunosuppressive peptide in patients with cancer. PMID- 1113769 TI - Letter: Ammonia and L-dopa: Parkinson's disease and hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 1113770 TI - Letter: Back-pack meralgia. PMID- 1113771 TI - Letter: Handlebar palsy. PMID- 1113772 TI - Letter: Less potent levothyroxine tablets. PMID- 1113773 TI - Letter: Smoking by airline pilots. PMID- 1113774 TI - Letter: FMG's and licensure. PMID- 1113776 TI - Letter: Labor unions in hospitals. PMID- 1113775 TI - Letter: The end-result system. PMID- 1113777 TI - Letter: Edelin supported. PMID- 1113778 TI - Letter: Musical medicine. PMID- 1113779 TI - Letter: Seminars on medicine and society. PMID- 1113780 TI - Medicine and public affairs. "Progress" in cancer research--don't say it isn't so. PMID- 1113781 TI - Management of septic chemical abortion with renal failure. Use of a conservative regimen. AB - The concept that hysterectomy is of value in the management of septic abortion induced by instillation of soap or phenolic antiseptics into the uterus is challenged. Nineteen out of 20 such cases with renal failure were managed with intensive antibiotic therapy, peritoneal dialysis and an absolute minimun of surgical intervention. Seventeen patients recovered, with normal renal function. Of the 11 known to be subsequently exposed to conception seven have achieved normal pregnancies. PMID- 1113782 TI - Antenatal exposure to meprobamate and chlordiazepoxide in relation to malformations, mental development, and childhood mortality. AB - In a follow-up study of 50,282 pregnancies (lasting at least five lunar months) and the offspring, malformations identified before the first birthday, or at death before the fourth birthday, were identified in 3248 children (6.5 per cent). A total of 1870 children exposed in utero to meprobamate or chlordiazepoxide were compared with 48,412 children who were not. No significant differences were found either overall or in specific outcomes; rates were also similar when exposures occurred during the first trimester or at other times during pregnancy. Deaths (stillbirth to the fourth birthday) occurred in 2227 children (4.4 per cent), and there was no evidence that antenatal exposure to either drug increased the death rate. Finally, as judged by mental and motor scores at the age of eight months, and intelligence quotient scores at four years, there was no evidence that the drugs cause brain damage. PMID- 1113783 TI - Comparison of television and telephone for remote medical consultation. AB - Television and telephone communications were randomly used to compare their effectiveness in allowing consultation between a hospital-based physician and remote nurse practitioners. Visits using television for consultation averaged 50 minutes as compared with 40 minutes for telephone. This difference was caused by longer work-ups before the consultation, longer delays after it was requested, and longer consultations, themselves, on television. However, television consultations resulted in significantly fewer immediate referrals of patients to hospital physicians: 6 plus or minus 1 as compared to 12 plus or minus 1 per cent (mean plus or minus S.E.M) OF ALL TELEPHONE CONSULTATIONS (P SMALLER THAN 0.005). Although no overall difference in satisfaction was documented between the results of television and telephone consultations, participants preferred the former for medical decision making and cited it for allowing more social interaction than telephone. These findings suggest that television may have its greatest value in remote sites where the sense of isolation is great and the need to reduce long distance referrals offsets the costs of the system. PMID- 1113784 TI - Drug therapy. Drug allergy (second of three parts). PMID- 1113785 TI - Editorial "Ambulation" after myocardial infarction. PMID- 1113786 TI - Editorial: The bell tolls for decompression? PMID- 1113787 TI - Committee on maternal welfare; Prolonged rupture of the membranes. PMID- 1113788 TI - Letter: Categorization of lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 1113789 TI - Letter: Hematocrit unchanged by hemodilution. PMID- 1113790 TI - Letter: Prothrombin complex to treat factor VIII inhibition. PMID- 1113791 TI - Letter: Ara-C and disseminated zoster. PMID- 1113793 TI - Letter: Telephone transmission of hepatitis B? PMID- 1113794 TI - Letter: Sneakers and supporters to fight CHD. PMID- 1113792 TI - Letter: Hypercalciuria and stone formation. PMID- 1113795 TI - Letter: Benefits of Tay-Sachs screening. PMID- 1113796 TI - Letter: Children as research subjects. PMID- 1113797 TI - Vertical transmission of hepatitis B antigen in Taiwan. AB - To determine the frequency of vertical transmission of hepatitis B antigen (HB5 Ag) from asymptomatic carrier mothers in Taiwan to their offspring, HB5 Ag was sought by radioimmunoassay and complement fixation. Of 158 babies born to carrier mothers, antigenemia developed in 63; 51 of these antigenemic babies had become antigen positive within the six months of life. Three inter-related factors were found to increase the risk that antigenemia would develop in the infant: a high maternal complement-fixation titer for HB5 Ag: presence of HB5 Ag in the baby's umbilical-cord blood: and antigenemia in siblings. In contrast to previous studies, these findings indicate that vertical transmission from carrier mothers frequently occurs, at least in Taiwan, and may partially explain Taiwan's high prevalence of HB5 Ag. PMID- 1113798 TI - Impact of membership in an enrolled, prepaid population on utilization of health services in a group practice. AB - Members of prepaid group-practice medical-care plans are believed to use more ambulatory, but fewer inpatient, services than populations served by fee-for service practitioners. It is not known whether these differences are attributable to the prepayment aspects of the plan or to other circumstances. We studied the impact on use of services of only one factor-prepayment at the Marshfield Clinic, Wisconsin--with all other factors, including group practice, held constant. The findings were derived from the experience one year before, and two years after, the initiation of the prepaid program. Results showed that prepayment alone resulted in significant increases in both inpatient and ambulatory care (about 100 per cent in ambulatory-care visits, 75 per cent in hospital discharges, and 60 per cent in hospital days). These increases were far greater than comparable increases in the fee-for-service population served by the Clinic. PMID- 1113799 TI - Visceral viewpoints: Should the medical schools care? Some comments on family practice. PMID- 1113800 TI - "Normal laboratory values" (case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital) in SI units. PMID- 1113801 TI - Editorial: Transfusions of filtered granulocytes. PMID- 1113802 TI - Editorial: Metrication on the crawl. PMID- 1113804 TI - Letter: Aspirin and lymphocyte transformation. PMID- 1113803 TI - Letter: Unusual ESR with Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia. PMID- 1113805 TI - Letter: Drug-induced dilutional hyponatremia. PMID- 1113807 TI - Letter: Handlebar palsy. PMID- 1113806 TI - Letter: Effects of dopamine on heart rate. PMID- 1113808 TI - Letter: More on "orphan" drugs. PMID- 1113809 TI - Letter: Consultants reporting to patients. PMID- 1113810 TI - Letter: FMG's in Ireland. PMID- 1113811 TI - Letter: Male medical auxiliaries? PMID- 1113812 TI - Letter: The not uncommon phraseology of medical literature. PMID- 1113813 TI - Angiography in the management of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Its value and safety. AB - The course of 190 patients with aneurysm of the abdominal aorta who underwent preoperative aortography was reviewed to determine the safety and usefulness of that procedure. There were no serious complications; minor problems occurred in only four patients and did not affect operative therapy. In 21 patients, the clinical impression of aneurysm was found to be incorrect. Surgically important findings included suprarenal extension of the aneurysm in nine patients, and demonstration of stenotic lesions in the renal arteries (37 patients) or superior mesenteric artery/celiac axis (17 patients). Helpful findings were associated aneurysms (26 patients), multiple renal arteries (28 patients), and occlusive lesions in the lower extremities or aortocranial system in 82 and eight patients respectively. Such information was found useful in planning operative procedures and minimizing operative time and blood loss. In our experience, angiography in patients with aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is both safe and informative. PMID- 1113814 TI - Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the pancreas under ultrasonic guidance. AB - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy for cytologic diagnosis was performed on seven patients suspected of having pancreatic tumors. A 23-gauge biopsy needle was accurately placed in the suspicious lesion under ultrasonic guidance. Six patients had tumors; of these, five had a definite cytologic diagnosis, and the sixth was suspicious of tumor. There was no morbidity associated with the procedure in these patients. Although fine-needle biopsy is not expected to prolong life in patients with pancreatic tumors, it does eliminate the need for more complicated, expensive, uncomfortable and hazardous diagnostic procedures. In many cases exploratory surgery may be obviated. PMID- 1113815 TI - Concentrations of nicotine and tobacco smoke in public places. PMID- 1113816 TI - Editorial: Smoking and nonsmokers - what is the issue? PMID- 1113817 TI - Editorial: Kveim revisited, reassessed. PMID- 1113818 TI - Minority admissions--a realistic assessment. PMID- 1113819 TI - Letter: Euthanasia. PMID- 1113820 TI - Letter: Doctor's apologia. PMID- 1113821 TI - Letter: Normal plasma testosterone concentrations after marihuana smoking. PMID- 1113822 TI - Letter: Procaine for malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 1113823 TI - Letter: Cause of adult toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 1113824 TI - Letter: Activity of glutethimide metabolite in human beings. PMID- 1113825 TI - Letter: Hormonal therapy for obesity. PMID- 1113826 TI - Lack of erythropoietic inhibitory effect of serum from patients withe congenital pure red cell aplasia. AB - The serum from five children with congenital pure red cell aplasia demonstrated no erythropoietic inhibitory effect either in vivo in animals or in vitro. The significance of immunosuppressive therapy in this disease is discussed. PMID- 1113827 TI - Health-care workers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Are their contacts at risk? AB - To assess the hepatitis risk to patients exposed to HBs AG-positive health-care workers, 228 contacts were followed prospectively for six to nine months. Health workers included two physicians with chronic hepatitis, a chronic asymptomatic carrier nurse, a food handler with acute HBs Ag-positive hepatitis and a physician who was HBs Ag-positive for 25 days before the onset of acute hepatitis. Controls (167) consisted of identically followed patients who had not been exposed to an HBs Ag-positive health worker. No exposed or control patient acquired clinical hepatitis or HBs Ag. Isolated elevations in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase occurred equally in both groups and did not correlate with serologic evidence for hepatitis B infection. One exposed patient demonstrated antibody seroconversion (anti-HBs), as did two of the controls. These data do not demonstrate hepatitis B transmission from HBs Ag-positive health workers to their patients. Restriction of such carriers is not warranted at present. PMID- 1113828 TI - Editorial: An energy crisis in muscle. PMID- 1113829 TI - Editorial: The HBV carrier--a new kind of leper? PMID- 1113830 TI - Letter: Radiation-induced pericardial effusion. PMID- 1113831 TI - Letter: Pulmonary vessels in SIDS. PMID- 1113832 TI - Letter: Respiratory protection for firemen. PMID- 1113833 TI - Letter: Glomerulonephritis in SLE. PMID- 1113834 TI - Letter: Reactions of cartilage. PMID- 1113835 TI - Letter: Green hair. PMID- 1113836 TI - Letter: Marihuana and testosterone levels. PMID- 1113837 TI - Letter: Social effects of abortion. PMID- 1113838 TI - Medicine and Public Affairs. Biomedical research policy--a new inquiry begins. PMID- 1113839 TI - Radium removal from drinking water. PMID- 1113840 TI - Methylation of lead in the environment. PMID- 1113841 TI - A study of age group track and field records to relate age and running speed. PMID- 1113842 TI - The capacity for joint visual attention in the infant. PMID- 1113843 TI - Role of juvenile hormone esterases and carrier proteins in insect development. PMID- 1113844 TI - A neuroendocrine feedback mechanism in the insect moulting cycle. PMID- 1113845 TI - Is potassium conductance of cardiac Purkinje fibres controlled by (Ca2+)? PMID- 1113846 TI - Novel 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulants active against resistant rats. PMID- 1113847 TI - Multiple conformations of ribosomal precursor RNA. PMID- 1113848 TI - Crystal structure of proflavine, a DNA binding agent. PMID- 1113849 TI - Possible mechanism for discrimination between nitrate and nitrite by nitrate reductases. PMID- 1113850 TI - Ubiquinone-O in defensive spray of African millipede. PMID- 1113851 TI - Piezoelectric properties of bone as functions of moisture content. PMID- 1113852 TI - Piezoelectricity in hydrated frozen bone and tendon. PMID- 1113853 TI - Olfactory response in excitable protoplasmic droplet and internodal cell of Nitella. PMID- 1113854 TI - Failure of exogenous gonadotrophin controlled ovulation to cause digit abnormalities in mice. PMID- 1113855 TI - Cytochalasin B inhibits stabilisation of adhesions in fast-aggregating cell systems. PMID- 1113856 TI - Cell recognition by mucus secreted by urn cell of Sipunculus nudus. PMID- 1113857 TI - Macrophage proliferation in vitro induced by exudates. PMID- 1113858 TI - Density and dose-response curve of acetylcholine receptors in frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 1113859 TI - Turnover of junctional and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors of the rat diaphragm. PMID- 1113860 TI - The mechanism of calcium ionophore-induced secretion from the rat neurohypophysis. PMID- 1113861 TI - Functional inactivation of bacteriophage lambda morphogenetic gene in RNA. PMID- 1113862 TI - Letter: Platelet monoamine oxidase in schizophrenics. PMID- 1113863 TI - Adaptive foci in protein evolution. PMID- 1113864 TI - Spectral sensitivity and intensity thresholds in Nasonia photoperiodic clock. PMID- 1113865 TI - Influence of differential chromosome spiralisation on karyotype morphology. PMID- 1113866 TI - Mechanisms for the excitation of "free nerve endings". PMID- 1113867 TI - Photopigment conversions expressed in pupil mechanism of blowfly visual sense cells. PMID- 1113868 TI - Reactivity to tumour-associated antigens detected in mice undergoing liver regeneration. PMID- 1113869 TI - Effects of free fatty acid and enzyme release in experimental glucose on myocardial infarction. PMID- 1113870 TI - Active sodium transport by mammalian urinary bladder. PMID- 1113871 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum variants have decreased repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA. PMID- 1113872 TI - Poly(A) size class distribution in globin mRNAs as a function of time. PMID- 1113873 TI - Normal synthesis, transport and decay of mRNA in the absence of its translation. PMID- 1113874 TI - Binding of flexible ligands to macromolecules. PMID- 1113875 TI - Sex recognition pheromone in tsetse fly Glossina morsitans. PMID- 1113876 TI - Protection from habituation by lateral inhibition. PMID- 1113877 TI - Inverse relationship between serum IgG concentrations and measures of intelligence in elderly persons. PMID- 1113878 TI - In vivo evaluation of microcirculation by coherent light scattering. PMID- 1113879 TI - Membrane changes in a circadian system. PMID- 1113880 TI - Peptide factor extracted from molluscan ganglia that modulates bursting pacemaker activity. PMID- 1113881 TI - Function of peptide antibiotics in producer organisms. PMID- 1113882 TI - Structure of tobacco mosaic virus at 6.7 a resolution. AB - The electron density distribution of tobacco mosaic virus has been determined to 6.7 A resolution by analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern given by oriented gels of the virus. This has been achieved by separation of overlapping Bessel function terms by a technique analogous to crystallographic isomorphous replacement. The course of the polypeptide chain of the coat protein may be traced for a large part of its length. PMID- 1113883 TI - Control of somite number during morphogenesis of a vertebrate, Xenopus laevis. AB - During Xenopus embryogenesis and early growth, somite number stays close to a species-typical value for each morphological stage. This remains true even after operations on blastulae which lead to the development of abnormally small but otherwise complete early embryos, involving reduction in number of cells assigned to each somite. Evidence presented suggests that a body-position gradient may be involved, but in rather different ways at different stages, in controlling total somite number. PMID- 1113884 TI - Positional signalling and specification of digits in chick limb morphogenesis. AB - The interpretation of positional information can provide the basis for pattern formation in limb morphogenesis. The gradient in positional information along the antero-posterior axis, which is specified with respect to a localised boundary region, can be modified by grafting this region to successive positions along the axis. The pattern of digits obtained is consistent with a model based on diffusion of a labile morphogen and is thus similar to models proposed for the development of pattern in invertebrates. PMID- 1113885 TI - Correlation between selenium and mercury in man following exposure to inorganic mercury. PMID- 1113886 TI - Genetic analysis of behavioural responses to novelty in mice. PMID- 1113887 TI - Entrainment of the pupation and adult activity rhythms during development in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. PMID- 1113888 TI - Chemotaxis of the spermatozoa of Ciona intestinalis. PMID- 1113889 TI - Modification of a model membrane structure by embedded photochrome. PMID- 1113890 TI - Effect of temperature on immune damage of liposomes prepared in the presence and absence of cholesterol. PMID- 1113891 TI - Appearance of beta globin synthesis in erythroid cells of Ferrara beta -o thalassaemic patients following blood transfusion. PMID- 1113892 TI - Neurosecretory cells in insect brain and production of hypoglycaemic hormone. PMID- 1113893 TI - Effect of dimethylnitrosamine on persistence of methylated guanines in rat liver and kidney DNA. PMID- 1113894 TI - Base changes in the recognition site for ter functions in lambdoid phage DNA. PMID- 1113895 TI - Plasmid-determined antibiotic synthesis and resistance in Streptomyces coelicolor. PMID- 1113896 TI - Letter: Alteration of chicken melanocytes by DNA. PMID- 1113897 TI - [L-tubocurarine and pancuronium bromide in open heart surgery]. AB - Comparison is made between 45 cases treated with d-tubocurarine and 60 with pancuronium bromide in open-heart surgery. Pancuronium displayed unmistakable advantages in the form of a more potent action, rapid commencement and long duration, dose flexibility and an almost complete absence of undesirable side effects. In addition, it offered stability with respect to the cardiovascular system and enabled risk-free, deep muscle relaxation to be achieved even in subjects with complex cardiopathies, such as those with pulmonary hypertension, extreme hypoplasia or aplasia of the trunk of the pulmonary artery and patent ductus arteriosus, for whom a very high operative mortality risk exists when even minimal changes in cardiovascular parameters occur. PMID- 1113898 TI - [Use in anesthesiology of a new beta-2-stimulator, Salbutamol. Original technic and considerations]. AB - Notes on drugs relating to the adrenergic system are followed by an account of the chemical, pharmacological and clinical features of a new beta2-stimulant, Salbutamol. Employment of this drug to prevent bronchospastic crises in 10 asthmatic patients subjected to narcosis is reported. An original technique was used: oral administration preoperatively, inhalation in the immediate preoperative period, topically on the trachea, and inhalation and oral adminstration post-operatively. Satisfactory results were observed in all 10 cases and support for the use of Salbutamol in anaesthesiology is given. PMID- 1113899 TI - [Enflurane-pancuronium combination: real progress toward greater safe conditions in general anesthesia]. AB - The literature data and personal experience with high - and very high - risk patients show that the association of enflurane as anaesthetic and pancuronium as muscle-relaxant constitutes a positive advance in balanced general anaesthesia. Cardiocirculatory depression is not encountered; if anything, there is an improvement of homeostatic conditions. This results in increased safety, even for patients regarded as inoperable. Confirmation of the reasons for associating these two drugs has certainly been obtained. The method cannot, however, be employed indiscriminately, but, at least in theory, should be avoided in patients with serious hypertension or a myocardium that is particularly sensitive to endogenic catecholamine incretion. In hypotension, on the other hand, cases of imminent or frank shock, or situations where surgery cannot be postponed, the association is, paradoxically, a true pharmacological "support", backed up, of course, by other usual procedures. This contradiction of modern views concerning the peripheral circulation is only apparent, since the duration of anaesthesia is reduced; main aim in this period is the maintenance of sufficient circulation to the more important organs. Comparison with associations combining d-Tubocurarine, halothane and methoxyfluorane is still an open question as far as objective assessment of their usefulness is concerned. There can be no doubt, however, that the association of enflurane and pancuronium has eliminated a large sector of contraindications in the field of general anaesthesia. PMID- 1113900 TI - [Monitoring of pulmonary arterial pressure in intensive therapy]. PMID- 1113901 TI - [Importance of the number "e" in anesthesiology]. PMID- 1113902 TI - [Value of a low-calorie diet in the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome]. AB - Reduction of the calorie intake to 400 per day was employed in clinching the diagnosis in a case of Gilbert's disease admitted in the course of remission. This diet, in fact, results in a marked increase in serum bilirubin concentration. The non-conjugated form, in fact, reached values 5 times greater than those observed initially, within 24 hr after commencing the diet. Unlike other cases reported in the literature, this increase occurred in spite of an initially normal blood bilirubin level. PMID- 1113903 TI - [Aspects of glycolipid metabolism during chronic renal insufficiency. Effects of dialytic treatments of short duration (3-4 hours on alternate days)]. AB - The main indices of glycolipid metabolism were examined during and after dialysis in 11 patients receiving chronic treatment. Each dialysis period lasted 3-4 hr and was carried out on alternate days with individual machines and Coil UF2, Coil UF100 and Dasco SP75 dialysers. The liquid contained 35 mEq/l sodium acetate and 2 g glucose and flowed at 500 cc/min. Heparin was injected in the arterial line in a single initial dose. During treatment, there was an increase in free fatty acids and a decrease in serum triglycerides. Blood sugar and insulin were unchanged. The first 4 hr after treatment were marked by decreased fatty acid and increased trigylceride values. Blood sugar and insulin were again constant. The part played by sodium acetate and heparin in these changes is discussed. PMID- 1113904 TI - [Study of a group of families with high incidence of schizophrenia]. AB - The pedigrees of six schizophrenics' families presenting a very high percentage of sick subjects, (near to 50%) are studied. The data obtained allow to think to an hereditary transmission of the mental disease, in these families, as an autosomal dominant character; the responsible gene may have a reduced penetrance and a variable expressivity. The comparison of these data with those obtained from other schizophrenics' families support the hypotesis of an unomogeneus genetic basis for schizophrenia and also the supposition that a severe mutation of the principal gene has occurred in the studied families. PMID- 1113905 TI - [Treatment of coronary insufficiency with a combination of 2 nitro-derivatives. Controlled pluricentric clinical trial]. AB - The effectiveness of an association of two nitroderivatives (Stenodylate) was compared with that of its individual components. The association was found more effective in the relief of both subjective and objective symptoms in 118 cases of coronary insufficiency. In addition, it was well tolerated and would appear to be indicated in the management of this form. PMID- 1113906 TI - [Therapy of cholesterol lithiasis with chenodeoxycholic acid (Chenoxyl)]. AB - Chenodesoxycholic acid (500-750 mg/day Chenoxyl) was employed over a period of 9 months in the treatment of 40 patients with radiotransparent calculi in a functioning gallbladder and 8 with choledochal lithiasis. Radiological examination and complete hepatological exploration were carried out before and after the treatment in all cases. Complete dissolution was obtained in 6 and 2 cases respectively, with reduction of size in 13 and 2, and no change in 21 and 4. No significant variations were notes in the blood lipid picture or in liver function. There were no cases of diarrhoea. PMID- 1113907 TI - [Alpha-mercapto-propionyl-glycine in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1113908 TI - [Oral loading test with a preparation which frees iron gradually in the intestine. Behavior of blood iron and transferrin]. AB - Blood iron, total transferrin, iron-bound transferrin and transferrin iron saturation percentage were determined in non-anaemic subjects after oral administration of 1 and 2 tablets of a commercial preparation (Ferro-grad) containing ferrous sulphate and ensuring slower release of iron in the intestine. After 1 tablet, blood iron and transferrin saturation reached their peaks after 4 hr and returned to start levels after 10 hr. Higher increases were achieved, though later, with 2 tablets and the return to start levels presumibly occurred within 14 hr. There was a slight increase in total transferrin 2 hr after 1 tablet and values remained high throughout the experiment. When 2 tablets were given values fluctuated considerably, with minima coinciding with maximum blood iron values. PMID- 1113909 TI - [Hemostatic changes in the course of different chronic hepatopathies]. AB - The following tests were performed in 15 cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH), 12 of cirrhosis, and 8 of other forms of chronic disease: liver function, thromboelastogram, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), determination of factors I, II, V, X and XIII, euglobulin and FDP lysis, and platelet count, shape and agglutinability. At least one haemostasis alteration was observed in nearly every case, the most common being in the thromboelastogram, PTT, prothrombin, and platelet shape and agglutinability. Defects were most marked in cirrhosis and comparison with CAH was significant in the case of PT and factor V. Fibrinolysis was increased in 60% of the CAH group and rarely elsewhere. Haemorrhage was noted in 7 cases of cirrhosis and 1 of CAH. On each occasion, it was more dependent on the serious nature of the disease, rather than defective haemostasis. PMID- 1113910 TI - [Drug combinations in the treatment of primary arterial hypertension]. AB - A number of pathogenetic moments have been identified in primary or essential hypertension in recent years. Marked variations have been noted in plasma volume, cardiac output, neurosympathetic tone, the renin-angiotensin system, and the aldosterone-adrenal neurosympathetic regulation system. Biological and clinical studies have underscored the action of the individual hypotensive drugs at present available commercially and their synergic or, in some instances, antagonist effects when associated. The fact that the disease has different stages and that different points of attack can be chosen is an ecouragement to the combination and simultaneous employment of two or more hypotensive drugs. Known associations, such as reserpine (with or without sympathicoplegics) or vasodilators and the diuretics, are examined, together with more recent combinations, such as propranolol, hydralgine and the diuretics, and spirolactone and the diuretics. PMID- 1113911 TI - [A case of hyposphygmia caused by ergotamine in migraine]. PMID- 1113912 TI - [Acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 1113913 TI - [Recent studies on the in vivo and in vitro activity of gentamicin]. AB - The effect of gentamycin was investigated at the University of Modena Phthisiology and Respiratory Diseases Department. In vitro activity against most pathological Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was observed. A dose of 4-5 mg/kg proved very effective in cases of bacteria-induced bronchopneumopathy. The drug was also active against penicillin-resistant staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria with a known resistance to ordinary antibiotics. PMID- 1113914 TI - [Is a clinical lecture still current?]. PMID- 1113915 TI - [New orientations in the treatment of proclaimed tetanus: use of continuous peridural anesthesia]. AB - Notes on the typical infectious and toxis picture associated with tetatus and the physiopathological aspects of the disease are followed by the presentation of continuous C8-L2 peridural anaesthesia, giving antalgic relief and partial motor block, as a primary form of therapeutic management. A classic two catheter technique is employed and fractioned doses are used so as to exploit the action of the local anaesthetic absorbed by the patient over several days. Sedation of the orthosympathetic leads to reduced catecholamine production, hypometabolism and cardiac sedation. Analgesia and relaxation are achieved by blocking the local and general spasms typical of the disease. Success with the method in serious cases is mentioned and its use in all forms is recommended. PMID- 1113916 TI - [Anatomical and surgical notes on the morphology of Hunter's canal]. AB - The morphology of Hunter's canal was examined, together with behaviour of the sheath of the femoral vessels and the relations between this sheath and the walles of the canal. A search was made for morphological and anatomotopographical features capable of explaining early and intense degenerative arteriopathy and the reasons why this is a level of choice for segmentary forms. The extent, constitution and behaviour of the adductor canal are explained. It is shown that, under normal conditions, the sheath is independent of the canal walls. Mechanical influences on the corresponding segment of the artery may be attributable to early inflammation or sclerosis of the cell milieu of the adductor canal. PMID- 1113917 TI - [Medical treatment of obliterating peripheral arteriopathies, especially arteriosclerosis]. AB - The efficacy of medical treatment of peripheral obliterating arteriopathies on an aetiopathogenetic basis in the light of diabetes and atherosclerosis is discussed. The pros and cons of management with vasoactive drugs exercising a dilatatory action of choice on the metarterioles and the arteriolocapillary sphincters are summarised, together with the possibilities offered by such drugs. A example of the short-term effects of chorionic gonadotrophin in atherosclerotic forms is presented. Such effects include the improvement of arteriolocapillary flow and the correction of dyslipidaemia. It is suggested that chorionic gonadotrophin can be successfully associated in consecutive courses with vasoactive drugs and anticoagulants to obtain long-term success, even in cases treated for ten years. PMID- 1113918 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy]. AB - A case of adenoma-based hyperparathyroidism operated at the 4th month of pregnancy (third reported case) is described. The clinical picture was extremely flimsy and diagnosis was formulated exclusively on the observation of the characteristic alterations in the calcium-phosphorus metabolism. The validity of examining renal phosphate excretion for the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is considered and proposed evaluation indices (P.E.I. of Nordin and Fraser; I.P.E. OF Nordin and Bulusu) are discussed. The gravity of foetal prognosis in hyperparathyroid women is sufficient justification for surgery during pregnancy. PMID- 1113919 TI - [Respiratory function in liver cirrhosis. Spirometry, blood gas analysis and radioisotope study with Xenon 133]. AB - The literature data concerning respiratory function in cirrhosis of the liver are cited and reference is made to the results of a spirometric, gas analysis and 133 Xenon investigation of this parameter in 38 patients. Spirometry pointed to slight ventilatory incapacity of the restrictive type. Arterial gas analaysis showed respiratory alkalosis, usually accompanied by metabolic acidosis and slight hypoxyaemia. Examination with 133-Xe indicated that hypoxyaemia was not due to a shunt effect, since there was no excess of perfusion with respect to district ventilation. It was clear, on the other hand, that the pulmonary capillary reserve was almost exhausted. Such complete perfusion of the capillary bed may be due to increased cardiac output and, in part, to reduction of the respiratory surface caused by raising of the diaphragm and hypoventilation of the lung bases. PMID- 1113920 TI - [Demonstration of 2 experimental models of pure chronic erythroblastopenia]. AB - Two experimental models for pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) were established. In the first one, administration of PRCA serum IgG in normal mice induced a sustained inhibitory effect on erythropoiesis, a progressive decline of the hematocrit values and an inverse rise of erythropoietin (Ep) levels in serum. Thus, the physiopathological pattern of PRCA type I (or A) was established, In the second model a rabbit producing anti-Ep crossreacting with endogenous Ep was subjected to a booster injection of Ep. The rise of the immune response was associated with decrease of Gct values and disappearance of erythroid precursors from marrow smears, and its subsequent decline with reticulocytosis and regression of the anemia, thus reproducing the physiopathological pattern of PRCA type II (or B). PMID- 1113921 TI - [Periaticular metastatic calcifications in uremic patients]. AB - Metastatic periarticular calcification was observed in 18 per cent of a series of 61 patients receiving haemodialytic treatment for from 3 months to over 5 yr. Calcium deposits occurred more frequently in the 1st and 2nd yr of treatment. The factors responsible included the plasma calcium-phosphorus product, non optimal calcium and magnesium ion concentration in the dialysis bath, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Tests for the diagnosis of parathyroid hyperfunction in the uraemic subject are described. The therapeutic criteria adopted in the prevention and management of calcification are also discussed. PMID- 1113922 TI - [Coronary cardiopathy]. AB - Results obtained with selective coronariography, ventriculography, left catheterisation and the measurement of systolic times were compared in a series of 110 patients. Evaluation of vascular alterations with the aid of a coronary index showed that their entity was closely related to the incidence of asynergia and the extent to which left ventricular function was compromised. Index values were proportional to decrease of the DP/DT ratio, increased telediastolic pressure, lengthening of the pre-ejection phases and shortening of left ventricular systole. The physiopathological and clinical significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 1113923 TI - [Arrhythmia in the course of myocardial infarct. Our year's experience in a coronary unit]. AB - Personal experience with arrythmia in 57 out of 132 cases of myocardial infarct treated over a period of one yr. in a coronary unit. The ECG and biohumoral enzyme pictures gave clear indications of infarct in all 132 cases. The various types of primary stimulus formation or conduction arrhythmia observed in these 57 patients are examined in relation to the site and extent of infarct. The treatment modalities are described. Mortality was less than 10 per cent in the entire series, with 3 per cent deaths due to serious rhythm disturbances. It is concluded that the introduction of coronary units has primarily contributed to the reduction of infarct deaths by their effective treatment of arrhythmia. Earlier admission to such units would lead to further reductions in mortality. PMID- 1113924 TI - [Use of artificial pacemakers in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1113925 TI - [On the medical relationship of the hypnotist]. PMID- 1113926 TI - [Respiratory autogenic training (RAT) in the psychosomatic training of physicians]. AB - The Author, after having described the nature of the relationship between the physician and the patient and the various possibilities that are available for their communication and the obstacles that hinder it, specifically analyzes the different phases that are necessary for the physician's psychological formation and the possibilities that the "respiratory autogenic training", practiced in a group, can offer to the expierence of the Baliant groups. PMID- 1113927 TI - [Analogies between psychotic experiences and those lived during respiratory autogenic training relaxation]. AB - Comparative study of a dissociative experience of the bodily scheme lived in a group relaxing session (R.A.T.) comparable to certain somatic pains found in a schizophrenic situation. Such psychopathological experiences, usually considered by doctors as in themselves averse and without meaning, can be transferred from the emotive level to the rational level using the "Ontoanalytic" method and in this way be a valid contribution to the psicological formation of the doctors in as much as a more syntonic, human and staisfying doctor-patient relationship ensues, as Balint indicated. PMID- 1113928 TI - [Informational psychology in group respiratory autogenic training]. PMID- 1113929 TI - [Psychosomatic effects of respiratory autogenic training relaxation]. AB - The effects of R.A.T. relaxation, as we have been able to verify during an experiment conducted by a group of doctors of various specialisations at the Catholic University of Medicine in Rome, allow recovery of the availability to recognize ones' self in others and others in one's self, and to overcome the manipulation situation which persists in groups of competitive training. In groups which undergo R.A.T. relaxation, it in fact happens that the participant, in the same degree to which he trains himself to overtake his own psychosomativ hallucinations, is able to free himself from certain substitute and negative mechanisms of the mind, can better adhere to or separate himself from his body or from the environment thus obtaining as a result the re-organisation of the emotional economy at the disposal of the Ego. Such an experiment can evidently turn out to be quite formative and useful for the successive approach between doctor and patient. PMID- 1113930 TI - [Archetypic and mythological images detectable in respiratory autogenic training relaxation]. AB - The author, after having described the procedure to thor, after having described the procedure to study the phenomena during the Respiratory Autogenic Training, points out the dynamycs which intervene among affective state, the fase of partial objects and coscience state. Therfore the A. analyses the function of the archetype and the relationship between implicit and explicit meaning. PMID- 1113931 TI - [The role of hypnosis in present-day obstetrics]. AB - There is a present need for the insertion of psychology in teaching and medical practice so that full value and respect can be given to the patient's human side. Psychological assistance during pregnancy is reviewed and a brief account is given of early hypnotic techniques in the Soviet Union. Here, however, note is taken of the fact that attention was initially paid to symptoms alone and not their causes. As these techniques spread throughout Europe, they gradually lost touch with hypnosis and moved into the realm of teaching thus becoming completely ineffective. At present, more complete and more advanced hypnotic techniques are used. These throw particular light on the psychological causes of tension in pregnancy and are suitably backed up by instruction relating to the various problems encountered during gestation. PMID- 1113932 TI - [Hypnosis: fundamentals of futuro-genesis]. AB - The future lies continously in the womb of the present. In every "today" one of the critical factors on which the configuration at any given conjuncture is the creativity of the intellectual and managerial elite. This creativity is to a great extent dependent on the fluidity of unconscious associative processes. These, in their turn, are decisively influenced by affective factors in the widest sense. Since, as will be shown later, hypnosis can be conceived in the manner of a "quid" identical with emotion, it inevitably follows that it must be treated as a basic element that is always present in and intimately bound up with the continous process that, at every moment, are producing the future. PMID- 1113933 TI - [Hypnosis: logic and cybernetics]. AB - Fundamental notions concerning cybernetics, as derived from the systematic application of logic to questions of communication and control, are illustrated. Particular attention is given to the concepts of "system" "structure" and "dynamics" and it is shown that these concepts ensure that better and more exact understanding and forecasting of reactions in organised beings can be obtained. Turing to hypnosis, it is made clear that a trance is the execution of a momentarily proposed programme; it is not the result of a generalised mechanical action, but is preordained and geared to various situations. The difficulty that the hypnotised subject finds in aciting against his own interests, or against moral priniciples, can be seen, for example, as a consequence of pre-programming. Another result is given moment and a given type of person. Since cybernetis has proved useful in psychology, the hope is expressed that it can be included as a teaching subject for those who learn, practise and teach hypnotism. PMID- 1113934 TI - [Methods and relationships in hypnotism]. AB - Hypnotism is as much an intensive and intrapersonal relationship as a state of awareness. It is therefore necessary to know how to induce this state, so that the therapeutist can achieve the best results. Ways in which this can be done are described and particular hypnotherapeutic methods that enable the technique to be managed with success are explained. Special attention is given to the concepts of relationship and suggestion. Purification and verbal catharsis under hypnosis are described, along with abreaction as a therapeutic instrument. Cases of free and selective association are presented, together with others illustrating strategic techniques for manipulation between subject and object. Personal methods are defined in the sense of suitable mechanisms enabling the hypnotist to establish what can be seen as a true state of equilibrium between himself and his patient. PMID- 1113935 TI - [Methods and relationships in hypotism]. AB - Hypotism is as much an intensive and intrapersonal relationship as a state of awareness. It is therefore necessary to know how to induce this state, so that the therapeutist can achieve the best results. Ways in which this can be done are described and particular hypotherapeutic methods that enable the technique to be managed with success are explained. Special attention is given to the concepts of relationship and suggestion. Purification and verbal catharasis under hyponosis are described, along with abreaction as a therapeutic instrument. Cases of free and selective association are presented, together with others illustrating strategic techniques for manipulation beteen subject and object. Personal methods are defined in the sense of suitable mechanisms enabling the hypnotist to establish hat can be seen as a true state of equilibrium beteen himself and his patient. PMID- 1113936 TI - [Hypnosis within the framework of psychotherapy]. AB - Apart from special cases, hypnosis cannot be used to combat symptoms, nor to give the patient something he does not yet have. That it cannot be employed, as in the preanalytic period, as a means of interpretation and psychological exploration is clear from what is said by Anna Freud. After discussion in deep analysis during wakefulness, and in the light of the psychodynamic concepts of psychoanalysis, of the what interpretat to be given to the dynamic process of the symptom, we can exactly repeat this interpretation in a hypnotic trance. It is vulnerable, like hypnoid states (emotion, fear, anxiety, anger, fatigue, surmenage, transition from wakefulness to sleep) in which a psychic pathological process may easily start due to "difference of level, blank in the consiousness" and absent "abreaction". This vulnerability and increased tendency to accept has been encountered in hypnoid states as in artificially induced trances, and gives a much more rapid entree to the patient's integration process. The interpretation of the dynamics of his symptom, once accepted, becomes an active force, and produces effects that would, in any event, have been produced if the integration process had occurred normally, without the acceleration provided by hypnotism, leading to resolution of the symptom. What is involved, therefore, is acceleration of the psychoanalytic process. PMID- 1113937 TI - [Ophthalmoplegia in dermatomyositis]. AB - A case in which apparently myasthenic ophthalmoplegia had been observed more than six years prior to the onset of dermatomyositis is reported. The clinical picture is described and the possibility of a partially common pathogenesis for both forms is mooted. It is suggested that initial local disturbance of neuromuscular transmission was eventually followed by "aggression" against the muscle fibres. PMID- 1113938 TI - [On some aspects of activation of tissue lipolysis by mechanical factors]. AB - An analysis of the effect of the ordinary physical factors acting on living beings on the splitting of adipose tissue triglycerides is reported. Massage was usually responsible for activation of lipolysis, or at least for an increase in blood glycerol and NEFA. If carried out for some time and repeated over a period of days, it appears capable of maintaining chronically enhanced lipolysis. The possible causes of these effects are discussed and particular stress is laid on the release of catecholamines by tissue nerve endings. Partial confirmation of this can be seen in the fact that activation of lipolysis can be depressed by administering beta-blocking drugs. The data also suggest that non-neuroendocrine mechanisms may exert a more immediate action on cell metabolism. Such mechanisms are concerned with a sector of cell life about which little is yet known, wherein every biological process is the result of phenomenon dependent on molecular physics. PMID- 1113939 TI - [On some aspects of activation of tissue lipolysis by electric factors]. AB - Like mechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation can nearly always activate lipolysis, as evidenced by increased blood glycerol and NEFA. The interpretation of this phenomenon is discussed and importance is attached to catecholamine mediation, since administration of a beta-blocking agent is sufficient to cause a significant reduction in the extent of the phenomenon. Other mechanisms can possibly be sought in the muscle fibres present in subcutaneous tissue, whose contraction induces increases blood lymph flow. While electrical stimulation of adipose tissue fragments in vitro gave no appreciable results, it is still possible that electrical impulses act even more intimately by means of direct physical modification of the more elementary metabolic mechanisms. PMID- 1113940 TI - [Hemorrhagic complications during therapy with carbenicillin in 2 cases of acute renal insufficiency]. AB - During the treatment of two patients with acute renal insufficiency with carbenicillin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis haematemesis, melaena and omnipresent petechiae were observed. Suspension was followed by rapid regression and the normalisation of clotting. Attention is drawn to haemorrhage as clotting. Attention is drawn to haemorrhage as a possible complication of carbenicillin management in patients with acute renal insufficiency. PMID- 1113941 TI - [Gastric adenomatosis. Case reports and attempted new pathogenetic interpretation]. AB - Two cases of gastric adenoma with lymphocyte infiltration of the basal stroma are reported. Diagnosis was based on gastroscopic, radiographic and histological data. The more significant findings are illustrated. The various theories relating to the aetiopathogenesis of this form are discussed and the possibility of its being an autoimmunitary phenomenon is examined. PMID- 1113942 TI - [Selective pancreatic scintiscanning in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. AB - Pancreas scintiscanning using electronic image subtraction has proved useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. Confirmation of this was found on comparison of the scintiscan picture and the surgical picture on gross inspection in 50 cases. Findings indicative of pancreatitis, cysts and tumours are illustrated, together with those given by scintiscanning of pancreas alterations occuring in the course of diseases affecting nearby organs. PMID- 1113943 TI - Ultrasonic cephalometry: Its use in estimating fetal weight. AB - Data on 100 consecutive patients delivering within 1 week after ultrasonic cephalometry measurement were reviewed to assess the weight-predicting potential of three known formulas. With Thompson's formula, 78% of infant weights fell within a range of 350 g, the absolute mean error for the 100 cases being 267 g. Excluding cases of fetal malnutrition, when the biparietal diameter (BPD) obtained was 8.3 cm or more, all newborn babies weighed more than 2000 g, and with a BPD of 8.7 cm or more they all exceeded 2500 g. Ninety percent of newborn babies in whom the in utero BPD was 9.1 cm or more weighed more than 3000 g. These values compared very favorably with those from other series and, thus, demonstrate the usefulness of this type of assessment. PMID- 1113944 TI - Diagnosis of congenital fetal abnormalities by sonography. AB - Sonographic examinations were performed on 13 patients whose fetuses had the following congenital malformations: anencephaly (4 cases), hydrocephaly (4), obstruction of the renal excretory system (3), iniencephaly (1), and sacrococcygeal teratome (1). In 7 cases the initial diagnosis was made by sonography, in 6 cases by radiography. Sonography was valuable a) in the detection of discrepant growth between fetal chest and head and b) in the recognition of fetal soft tissue abnormalities. It is concluded that sonography is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of congenital fetal anomalies. PMID- 1113945 TI - Comparison of uterine contractions in spontaneous and oxytocin- or PGF2alpha - induced labors. AB - Labor contractions in 20 patients in spontaneous labor and 40 others who reveived either PGF2alpha or oxytocin for stimulation of the active phase of labor were statistically analyzed during 1 hour of labor. Measurement criteria were the frequency, intensity, and duration of contractions. Statistical analysis failed to reveal any significant difference in contractions in the three groups, suggesting that oxytocin and PGF2alpha-induced contractions and spontaneous contractions appear to be indistinguishable. PMID- 1113946 TI - Intrauterine pressure monitoring with a balloon-tipped catheter. AB - Clinical experience with the latex and new estane balloons and a short and flexible guide is described. The extraovular balloon as an intrauterine pressure sensor is compared to the open-ended transcervical intraamniotic catheter, and the balloon is considered superior in many respects. The transcervical extraovular water-filled 0.8-ml estane balloon is recommended for use in place of the open-ended transcervical catheter in all clinical situations in obstetrics in which there is a need for monitoring intrauterine pressure. PMID- 1113948 TI - Suction drainage as an alternative to prophylactic antibiotics for hysterectomy. AB - A technic is described for suction drainage of the retroperitoneal space. Its use is evaluated in 150 private patients undergoing vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy and compared with 150 private control patients. This technic resulted in an average of 40 cc of fluid (range, 10-200 cc) being suctioned from the retroperitoneal space. With this technic febrile morbidity decreased from 26 to 11% for abdominal hysterectomies and from 32 to 8% for vaginal hysterectomies. Information is offered to explain the physiology of posthysterectomy infections, the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics, and the paradox of a febrile morbidity higher for vaginal than for abdominal hysterectomies. The risks in using prophylactic antibiotics routinely are stated, and suction drainage is suggested as a preferable alternative. PMID- 1113947 TI - Hormonal changes associated with Danazol therapy. AB - During a 6-month course of treatment of endometriosis with Danazol, a synthetic derivative of 17alpha-ethinyl testosterone, the following hormonal changes were found. Plasma LH remained essentially unchanged but FSH concentration was consistently in the low normal range. Plasma estradiol, especially after the fourth week of therapy, dropped to levels that did not exceed 30 pg/ml throughout the 6-month period of therapy. Plasma progesterone concentration was consistent with follicular phase levels. In the months after discontinuation of Danazol, all hormone parameters were strongly suggestive of normal ovulatory cycles. Danazol did not displace estradiol bound by endometrial cytosol. PMID- 1113949 TI - Meckel's diverticulum. AB - The embryology and clinical implications of Meckel's diverticulum, the most common gastrointestinal anomaly, are presented from the viewpoint of the obstetrician-gynecologist. The complications and clinical management are discussed. PMID- 1113950 TI - Vaginal evisceration. AB - Although vaginal laceration following sexual trauma is a well-reported entity, vaginal evisceration appears to be a rare occurrence. This paper presents 2 cases of vaginal evisceration recently managed at the Bronx Municipal Hospital Center and a review of the literature. Etiologic factors and management are discussed. PMID- 1113951 TI - Endometrial cytohistology by aspiration technic and by Gravlee Jet Washer: a comparative study. AB - An office procedure of intrauterine aspiration yielded a 99% diagnostic accuracy in 100 patients admitted for either curettage or hysterectomy. After correlation with surgical diagnosis, no false-positive or false-negative results were found. The method provides tissue for cell blocks adequate for histologic diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma and its precursors. The major advantage of this technic in comparison with the Gravlee Jet Washer is its low cost. Moreover, in this study, it proved to be less painful, superior for cell block preparation, and yielded more satisfactory specimens. As a screening procedure for asymptomatic patients at risk, this intrauterine aspiration technic holds promise and must be evaluated by further studies. PMID- 1113952 TI - Intraamniotic urea for induction of midtrimester pregnancy termination: a further evaluation. AB - Forty percent hyperosmolar urea solution was used intraamniotically to induce midtrimester pregnancy termination in 508 patients. The mean injection-abortion interval was 43.4 hours in those patients aborting within 7 days (85.8% of the total group); 76% of the group aborted within 72 hours. Complications from the procedure included endometritis, hemorrhage, and nausea and vomiting; 29.3% of the patients required operative completion of the abortion (placental removal 12 hours after passage of the fetus). There were no cases of hypernatremia, cardiac arrest or collapse, clinically evident coagulopathies, nor cervical lacerations. This study supports the conclusion that urea is a safer intraamniotic solution than hypertonic saline for midtrimester pregnancy termination. PMID- 1113953 TI - Effect of oral contraceptives and IUD's on the copper in human cervical mucus. AB - The copper content of normal human cervical mucus varies during the menstrual cycle. It is lowest at midcycle when the copper content decreases sharply; When oral contraceptives are used, levels of copper in the mucus show a general increase, this being especially evident at midcycle when the normal decrease in levels is not observable. In addition, with oral contraceptive used, levels in mucus disappears. Copper content of the mucus in also noticeably higher in users of copper IUD's and slightly higher in users of plastic (non-copper-bearing) IUD's than in normal controls, Mucus samples from copper IUD users consistently have the highest copper content in all phases of the menstrual cycle. It is concluded that the presence of copper assists in preventing pregnancy. PMID- 1113954 TI - Emotional reaction to sterilization. AB - Ninety-four patients sterilized by tubal occlusion were interviewed at the time of hospitalization for surgery and followed at scheduled intervals for a 2-year period. There were no serious problems, medical or psychologic, and all but 3 patients were pleased and satisfied at the end of 2 years. There were no technical failures. Psychosomatic symptoms do develop. They are more prominent and persist longer in the younger age group. Patients having these symptoms are those who had difficulty with contraceptive technics, have a limited understanding of the sterilization procedure, and continue to question its permanency. The need for preoperative evaluation and counseling is emphasized. PMID- 1113955 TI - Effect of povidone-iodine on Herpes genitalis. AB - Ten patients with vulvovaginal and cervical herpesvirus infections were treated with a regimen of external and intravaginal povidone-iodine preparations. In all but 1 case, the expected duration of symptoms and healing time were shortened. The response of cervical lesions was especially remarkable. The findings of this pilot study warrant further controlled clinical investigation. PMID- 1113956 TI - Corticosterone and aldosterone levels during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 1113957 TI - Vulvar carcinoma with hypercalcemia. AB - Hypercalcemia associated with nonmetastatic malignancy has been reported most frequently with lung or kidney tumors, while among gynecologic malignancies, the ovary has been the most common primary site. The pertinent clinicopathologic features of 2 cases of nonmetastatic vulvar carcinoma producing hypercalcemia are described in the present report. Including 3 previously reported cases, the vulva is seen to be the second most common site in the female genital tract for production of this paraendocrine syndrome. The clinician should be aware of the association of hypercalcemia and mental confusion with bulky vulvar tumors, so that surgery will not needlessly be delayed in a futile attempt to correct the hypercalcemia medically, PMID- 1113958 TI - Hyperemesis gravidarum with gastric carcinoma. AB - A 24-year-old multiparous female presented with a diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum and was found to have a gastric carcinoma. She underwent a gastric resection for carcinoma of the stomach and is alive and well 2 years after gastrectomy. X-rays, gastroscopy, and surgery were done while she was pregnant. PMID- 1113959 TI - Amniotic bans syndrome in an immature fetus. AB - A case of a 14-week fetus with congenital malformation due to amniotic bands is reported, including a description of the placenta. The literature is briefly reviewed, and attention is drawn to the occurrence of this syndrome in the immature human fetus. PMID- 1113961 TI - Letter: Dalkon SHIELD. PMID- 1113960 TI - Mesenteric supernumerary ovary. AB - Following is a report and a review of literature concerning the supernumerary ovary. Up to now only 7 cases have been reported, and our case appears to be the eighth. The anatomic situation in this case was unusual since it was found in the mesentery. Of the cases previously reported, 2 have been associated with benign cystic teratoma. PMID- 1113962 TI - Letter: Breast examination. PMID- 1113963 TI - The sitting posture: an electromyographic and discometric study. AB - The disc pressure of the third lumbar disc and the myoelectric activity of several muscles of the back were measured. Three standing and nine unsupported sitting positions were studied as well as eight support parameters and six sedentary tasks. 1. Myoelectric activity is about the same in standing and in relaxed unsupported sitting. In the unsupported sitting positions the highest level of activity is found in anterior sitting and the lowest in posterior sitting. In the muscles of the cervical and lumbar regions the activity is always lower than in the muscles of the thoracic region. The disc pressure is considerably higher in unsupported sitting than in standing. In the unsupported sitting positions the highest disc pressure is found in anterior sitting and the lowest in sitting straight. 2. Both the myoelectric activity and the disc pressure decrease when the back is supported. Of the support parameters, the backrest inclination is the most important, myoelectric activity and disc pressure both decreasing with an increase in inclination. The disc pressure is considerably reduced also when the lumbar support is increased and when armrests are used. 3. Myoelectric activity and disc pressure are both comparatively low in writing, higher in typing, and still higher in lifting. In the car driver's seat the disc pressure increases both when the gear is shifted and when the clutch pedal is depressed. When the gear is shifted, there is also an increase in myoelectric activity. PMID- 1113964 TI - Biomechanical characteristics of vertebral motion segments and intervertebral discs. PMID- 1113965 TI - Morphological aspects of the lumbar spine and lumbosacral region. PMID- 1113966 TI - Pathomorphologic aspects of developmental lumbar stenosis. PMID- 1113968 TI - The strength of the neural arch and the etiology of spondylolysis. PMID- 1113967 TI - Mechanism of spinal injury due to caudocephalad accleration. PMID- 1113969 TI - Regional use of steroids in the management of lumbar intervertebral disc disease. PMID- 1113970 TI - The use of electrical current stimulation in spinal fusion. PMID- 1113971 TI - Present status of anterior interbody fusion in the lower lumbar spine. PMID- 1113972 TI - Knodt rod grafting. PMID- 1113973 TI - Fusion in flexion. PMID- 1113974 TI - Debridement and fusion in the lumbosacral area through an iliolumbar approach. AB - In patients with recalcitrant sciatic and back pain due to disc degeneration and in symptomatic spondylolisthesis, surgery is recommended. Successful results can be achieved by exposing comfortable, by looking to the side, and by fusing from one side into the vertebral body. PMID- 1113975 TI - Failures of spinal fusion. PMID- 1113976 TI - Creep characteristics of the human spinal column. AB - Thirty-two static compression tests were carried out on 52 intervertebral disks and their posterior articular facet joints. The spinal units were tested within a uniquely designed test apparatus. Following the experiment, each intervertebral disk was examined macroscopically to assess the degree of disk degeneration. Three experiments were carried out at suitably chosen load levels, which were statically appropriate for a given vertebral level and its loading history. In the first experiment a constant load was applied to a spinal segment and its decrease in height was measured as a function of time. The results were as follows: Under the application of a constant load, the vertebral unit suffers a gradual change in its dimensions. This typical behavioral response pattern is identified as creep. Creep may be defined as the time dependent part of the deformation that accompanies the application of a load to the disk. The measured creep did not continue indefinitely but decreased with time until the vertebral specimen was equilibrated. The time to equilibration was a function of disk grade. The rate of creep was found to be dependent upon the condition of the nucleus pulposus. Creep is of considerable importance because of its influence on the kinetics and kinematics of the vertebral unit. The effect of creep is to increase the modulus of elasticity with time; hence a reduction occurs in the compliance of the spinal unit. In the second experiment, incremental loads were applied to a spinal unit. The unit was allowed to equilibrate and an additional load was applied. Its purpose was to further delineate spinal unit mechanics in terms of constant load and creep behavior. It was concluded from these tests that the nucleus plays an important mechanical role in influencing the behavioral response of the vertebral unit to constant compressive load. As nuclear maturation occurs, the stiffness characteristics of the spinal unit were noted to increase as dis its deflection characteristics. Spinal unit geometry no doubt also plays a role in influencing these results. In the last experiment, load deflection curves were determined for the vertebral unit. It was found that load deflection curves are not uniquely defined by the relationship between the variables of load and deflection. The time each value of load is maintained must also be taken into account. The physiological and biochemical factors responsible for the observed spinal unit behavior are outlined, and the importance of the articular facet joints in governing spinal unit deflection stressed. Although it has long been known that the intervertebral disk suffers a slow and continuous deformation when subjected to mechanical load, the concept of spinal unit deformation as a time dependent function of load is comparatively new. PMID- 1113977 TI - The "battered" root problem. PMID- 1113978 TI - Sources of failure in laminectomies. AB - Failures in laminectomy may be due to improper patient selection, of which the largest factor appears to be a lack of recognition of an underlying psychological disorder. Rarely an operative procedure is performed on the wrong side or at the wrong level. A number of elements relating to what might be termed the "wrong operation" fall under the heading of failure to recognize disease, and the largest factor here in our experience has been the inability to explore the wound because of uncontrolled bleeding. The problem also relates to a lack of understanding of the anatomy and potential disorder of the vertebral axis. This then merges with the other factor, failure to deal with disease, which may be unrecognized or, if identified, misinterpreted. Last are those elements for which there is professional responsibility, the most serious being dural or nerve root irritation predisposing to traumatic arachnoiditis. PMID- 1113979 TI - The resistance of the lumbar spine to direct shear. PMID- 1113980 TI - Enzymic and immunological activity in the intervertebral disk. PMID- 1113981 TI - In vitro inhibition of leucocyte migration in patients with intervertebral disc lesions. PMID- 1113982 TI - Deformation and fracture of the lumbar vertebral end plate. PMID- 1113983 TI - Stresses at the lumbosacral junction. AB - This report has presented a discussion of the mechanics of the spine in terms of an analogy with a curved, tapered beam. We have identified the existence of critical frequencies and locations in the spine and discussed the evidence from clinical experience with low back problems. We have also discussed the extrinsic mechanisms for protecting the spine and the lumbosacral junction. The question of the sensitivity of the lumbosacral junction to shear forces has been raised and experiments described that show that the shear forces that will injure the posterior elements of the fifth lumbar vertebra are low and occur commonly. The report also describes an instrument to measure the stiffness of articulations of the spine. PMID- 1113984 TI - Conservative treatment of lumbar disc degeneration: our primary responsibility. PMID- 1113985 TI - [Measruing osteoporosis]. PMID- 1113986 TI - [Splenic hemangioma]. PMID- 1113987 TI - [Successful pregnancy following pancreatectomy in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1113988 TI - [Supporting nurseries]. PMID- 1113989 TI - [Letter: gynecologic care]. PMID- 1113990 TI - [Possibilities of diagnosing gentic defects caused by mutations]. PMID- 1113991 TI - [Pathomechanism, diagnosis and therapy of iron deficiency anemias during pregnancy]. PMID- 1113992 TI - [The importance of diet in the treatment of obese adult diabetics]. PMID- 1113993 TI - [Giant duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1113994 TI - [Letter: Position taken by Hungarian scientist testing the mutagenic properties of chemicals]. PMID- 1113995 TI - [Scabies in infancy]. PMID- 1113996 TI - [Estriol-creatinine index in the urine of pregnant women]. PMID- 1113997 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophagitis following total gastrectomy]. PMID- 1113998 TI - [Epidemiology, therapy and prevention of scabies. Reappearance of scabies infections]. PMID- 1113999 TI - [Letter: Poetry and didactics in medicine]. PMID- 1114000 TI - [Technical and diagnostic problems of transbronchial punctures]. PMID- 1114001 TI - [Diagnosis of pericardial pericardial effusions by scintigraphic visualization of the blood content of the heart]. PMID- 1114002 TI - [Experimental and clinical study of Mycosolon ointment]. PMID- 1114003 TI - [Microhemangioma of the renal papilla]. PMID- 1114004 TI - [Extrapancreatic insulin-secreting tumor, causing hypoglycemia]. PMID- 1114005 TI - [Letter: Cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome]. PMID- 1114006 TI - [Letter: Proposal for a medicated chewing gum]. PMID- 1114007 TI - [Diagnostic enzyme studies in patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, and their relatives]. PMID- 1114008 TI - [Manifestations of genetically determined formerly latent enzymopathies as a result of drug therapy: Gilbert's disease and acute intermittent porphyrial]. PMID- 1114009 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and prognosis of fatty liver]. PMID- 1114010 TI - [Clinical and public health aspects of endemic chronic arsenic poisonings caused by drinking water]. PMID- 1114011 TI - [Diagnostic problems of malignant tumors of the epipharynx]. PMID- 1114012 TI - [Photometric determination of serum and urinary albumin]. PMID- 1114013 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of the arteries and the indication of amputation in cases of severe circulatory disorders of the legs caused by arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1114014 TI - [Letter: Subjective factors affecting dental care]. PMID- 1114015 TI - [Letter: Proposal for pre-printed prescription forms]. PMID- 1114016 TI - [Histidine metabolism in ascaris suum, ascaridia galli and fasciola hepatica]. PMID- 1114017 TI - [New findings concerning the helminth fauna of striped seals inhabiting the southern part of the sea of okhotsk]. PMID- 1114018 TI - [The role of elevated temperatures on the activity of several fish cestodes]. PMID- 1114019 TI - [Nest fleas of the flat-headed field mouse, alticola (platycranius) strelzovi kastschi. in southeastern Altai]. PMID- 1114020 TI - [The probable identity of mosquitoes aedes (ochlerotatus) beklemishevi denisova and a. (o.) barri rueger (diptera, culicidae)]. PMID- 1114021 TI - [A study of several features of the feeding process of syringophilus bipectinatus heller mites using radioactive carbon]. PMID- 1114022 TI - [New species of far east nest mites of the family glycyphagidae (acariformes)]. PMID- 1114023 TI - [Research into the mechanisms of coccidial resistance to chemical substances]. PMID- 1114024 TI - [Two species of blood-sucking midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)]. PMID- 1114025 TI - President of what? PMID- 1114026 TI - Effects of partial reinforcement on conditioning, conditional probabilities, asymptotic performance, and extinction of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. AB - Classical conditioning and extinction of the rabbit nictitating membrane response was investigated under 100 per cent, and two 50 per cent reinforcement conditions (50% equated total trials, and 50% equated reinforced trials) at average intertrial intervals (ITIs) of 30 and 60 sec. It was found that: (1) partial reinforcement reduced the rate of conditioning, but all groups eventually attained asymptomatic performance levels near 100 per cent; (2) first-order and second-order conditional probabilities following reinforced and nonreinforced trials were virtually identical; and (3) no partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) was observed. PMID- 1114027 TI - What is a "schedule of reinforcement"? AB - Several ambiguities in the present terminology of behavior theory obscure some important theoretical assumptions and experimental details in current research. Left unclarified, such ambiguities impede the accurate analysis of laboratory procedures, and prevent reliable communication among researchers. This paper focuses on the term "schedule of reinforcement". It points out that two distinguishable operational rules are implicated in the term: in the case where reinforcement is of the so-called response contingent type, the "schedule" is really a rule to identify the response to be reinforced; in the case of non contingent reinforcement, the "schedule" is truly a rule for delivery of reinforcement. Other terminological ambiguities that are encountered in a discussion of this term include "reinforcement" and "intermittency." A resolution of these problems will necessarily involve the procedures of non-contingent reinforcement, and the parameter of reinforcement probability. PMID- 1114028 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of cor pulmonale in children with chronic respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 1114029 TI - [Chronic peptic ulcer in children and adolescents]. PMID- 1114030 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in cases of cholecystitis and cholangitis in children]. PMID- 1114031 TI - [Peripheral blood granulocytes function in children treated with glycocorticosteroids]. PMID- 1114032 TI - [Function of peripheral blood granulocytes in children with mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 1114033 TI - [Serum lipid and protein levels in children]. PMID- 1114034 TI - [Changes in serum lipids in children with eczema]. PMID- 1114035 TI - [Changes in serum proteins and electrolytes in the course of infantile eczema]. PMID- 1114036 TI - [Level of psychomotor development in children raised in small children's homes and in a family environment]. PMID- 1114037 TI - [Effect of logopedic influence on the level of psychomotor development in children raised in small children's homes]. PMID- 1114038 TI - [Causes of erythrolysis in children with congenital cyanotic heart defects]. PMID- 1114039 TI - [Clinical manifestations in 2 cases of trisomy E]. PMID- 1114040 TI - [2 cases of disorders of cartilage tissue development coexisting with multiple abnormalities in siblings]. PMID- 1114041 TI - [Fibrinogenopenia in the course of toxic diarrhea]. PMID- 1114042 TI - [Post-traumatic chronic subdural hygroma in infant following mechanical trauma of the skull]. PMID- 1114043 TI - A case-control study of some fundamental determinants in the epidemiology of the feline urological syndrome. PMID- 1114044 TI - Diets and the feline urological syndrome: a retrospective case-control study. PMID- 1114045 TI - An outbreak of Glasser's disease. Studies on etiology, serology and the effect of vaccination. PMID- 1114046 TI - [Presence and longevity of hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in imported horses in Sweden (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114047 TI - [Determination of 131-J-hippuran clearance in renal camera functional scintigraphy using simplified Oberhausen's method]. AB - The determination of 131-I-Hippuran clearance in connection with renography or renal camera sequential scintigraphy will give a quantitative evaluation of total and individual renal function. The "single shot" method of Oberhausen yields clearance values corresponding very well to the PAH standard clearance. To simplify this method for routine use in connection with camera sequential scintigraphy, we studied some modifications of the method, using regional activity curves instead of the activity curve of the partially shielded whole body. Simultaneously with the camera sequential scintigraphy we measured activity curves of the partially shielded whole body (lead-shielding of kidneys and bladder, two probes), the shoulder (one probe), the head (one probe) and a background region of the camera (ROI) above the kidneys for 30 min. All four curves were analyzed, using computer analysis (bi-exponential curve fitting) as well as tables of Oberhausen, and his formula was used for clearance calculation. Under two conditions a) taking blood samples between 15 and 25 min. p.i. b) using the tables of Oberhausen for curve analysis, the clearance out of the regional activity curves correlates well with the clearance out of the partially shielded whole body activity curve (r greater than 0,97). Therefore, it is possible determine 131-I-Hippuran clearance in a simple manner without lead-shielding of kidneys and bladder, either with one additional probe measurement at shoulder or head or without any probe measurement, using the camera and measuring a background curve (ROI) above the kidneys. This simple clearance method can easily be performed simultaneously with 131-I-Hippuran renography or renal camera sequential scintigraphy in routine. PMID- 1114048 TI - Technetium-99m polyphosphate bone image for early detection of skeletal metastasis. Correlation with other diagnostic parameters. AB - Technetium 99m-polyphosphate bone images are correlated with bone roentgenography, and serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in 91 patients with suspected bone metastasis. Technetium polyphosphate bone images are the most sensitive and serum level of calcium and phosphorus are the least sensitive indicator of bone lesions. Bone roentgenography is not as sensitive as technetium polyphosphate images. Abnormal bone images with normal or abnormal bone roentenography associated with increased alkaline phosphatase in the absence of liver metastasis are highly suggestive of metastatic bone disease. Abnormal bone images adjoining the joints, associated with normal serum alkaline phosphatase and abnormal joint roentgenography suggest arthritis. It is recommended that technetium 99m-labelled phosphate bone images are considered to be the diagnostic procedure of choice to detect skeletal lesions. Polyphosphate bone images are highly sensitive, with the combination of elevated alkaline phosphatase they become relatively more specific for a metastatic bone disease. PMID- 1114049 TI - Evaluation of the effect of respiratory movements of the organs on the resolution index. AB - The motions of the respiratory movement of the diaphragms were filmed and the character of the motion was evaluated. The line-spread function of a motionless line source was compared with that of a moving source (for two kinds of motion: regular and harmonic). Similar calculations were made for increasing the motion amplitudes of the source and for different values of static resolution. The final dynamic resolution was calculated. The results show that when respiratory motion exceeds 13 mm (which happens in about 50% of clinical examinations) the resolution decreases by more than 25% so that it is necessary to use special methods of eliminating these artefacts. PMID- 1114050 TI - [Results of HPL radioimmunoassay in normal and pathologic early pregnancy]. AB - Radioimmunological assays of HPL have been carried out in early pregnancy in uncomplicated cases (n = 100) and in cases of abortus imminens (n = 49). The earliest detection of HPL was possible in the 6th week of pregnancy. When the tendency of the HPL-level was decreasing follow-up examination showed a beginning abortus. In every case of decreased HPL-level the progress of pregnancy was abnormal. Conclusions about the prognostic value and the limits of the HPL-RIA are discussed. PMID- 1114051 TI - Job performance review scheme. 1. PMID- 1114052 TI - Editorial: Teaching for teamwork. PMID- 1114053 TI - The pub advice centre. PMID- 1114054 TI - The hospital arts centre. PMID- 1114055 TI - Noise on the ward at night. PMID- 1114056 TI - Fetal circulation. PMID- 1114058 TI - Nurse in the haematology unit. PMID- 1114057 TI - Shy-Drager syndrome. PMID- 1114059 TI - Incontinence. 3. Psychological and psychogenic aspect. PMID- 1114060 TI - Enuresis--causes and treatment. PMID- 1114061 TI - Schizophrenia. 3. Delusions and hallucinations. PMID- 1114062 TI - The patient is responsible. PMID- 1114063 TI - First line course. PMID- 1114064 TI - The sweet life. PMID- 1114065 TI - Risks and benefits. PMID- 1114066 TI - Dreams.--1. Dreams--their therapeutic usage. PMID- 1114067 TI - Nursing care study: David--an alcoholic. PMID- 1114069 TI - Greenmount House revisited. PMID- 1114068 TI - Nursing care study: Peter--a response to behaviour modification. PMID- 1114070 TI - Talipes.--3. Nursing care of a child wearing a splint. PMID- 1114071 TI - The hazards of petrol. PMID- 1114072 TI - The psychologically disturbed child in hospital. PMID- 1114073 TI - English O-level without tears. PMID- 1114074 TI - Aerosols. PMID- 1114075 TI - Postoperative chest infection survey. PMID- 1114076 TI - Planning with particular reference to isolation units. PMID- 1114077 TI - Education and training of infection control nurses. PMID- 1114078 TI - Editorial: Question of interpretation. PMID- 1114080 TI - "Reasonable force". PMID- 1114079 TI - Therapy behind bars. PMID- 1114081 TI - The biology of ageing. PMID- 1114082 TI - Dreams.--2. Why do we dream? PMID- 1114083 TI - Chest injuries.--1. Immediate considerations. PMID- 1114084 TI - Nursing care study: haemopneumothorax and cardiac tamponade. PMID- 1114085 TI - Fissure-in-ano. PMID- 1114086 TI - Nursing care study: independence for Mrs. D. PMID- 1114087 TI - Developing the role of the unit nursing officer. PMID- 1114089 TI - Talipes. 4. Further types of talipes deformity. PMID- 1114088 TI - Guidance for the geriatric nurse. PMID- 1114090 TI - Hospital visitors--a curse or a blessing? PMID- 1114091 TI - [Quantitative angiocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular function in mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 1114092 TI - [Non-homogeneity of serum leucine arylamidase (LAP) activity in parenchymal and mechanical icterus]. PMID- 1114093 TI - [Urinary excretion of peptide-bound hydroxyproline in hyperthyroid patients]. PMID- 1114094 TI - [Results of treatment of selected cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis]. PMID- 1114095 TI - [Content of adenosine-5-triphosphate in human skeletal muscles in relation to age]. PMID- 1114096 TI - [Intestinal lymphangiectasia]. PMID- 1114097 TI - [Advances in nephrology. The kidneys and the circulatory system]. PMID- 1114098 TI - [Preliminary results of coloscope use for the examination of the colon]. PMID- 1114099 TI - [Immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1114100 TI - [Insulin secretion in patients with chronic hepatitis treated with lipostabil]. PMID- 1114101 TI - [Fibrinolytic blood activity in primary hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 1114102 TI - [Morphological appearance of the liver in mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 1114103 TI - [Analysis of 40 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus in the light of ARA classification criteria]. PMID- 1114104 TI - [Case of rare association of hyperthyroidism and primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 1114105 TI - [The role of the nutritional factor in the development of metabolic diseases originating in civilization-determined diseases with particular reference to the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 1114106 TI - [Ultrastructure of the liver in human brucellosis]. PMID- 1114107 TI - [Liver function in patients with Hodgkin's disease observed at the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology in the years 1969-1973]. PMID- 1114108 TI - [Lung scanning performed with the use of microspheres labeled with radioactive isotopes in the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic results in malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 1114109 TI - [Acid phosphatase in articular fluid in various diseases of the locomotor system]. PMID- 1114110 TI - [Functional state and the degree of morphotic liver changes in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 1114111 TI - [Selection of optimal equipment for hemodialysis in the treatment of chronic renal failure]. PMID- 1114112 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in the diagnosis of allergy to antibiotics]. PMID- 1114113 TI - [Studies of liver and intestine function in patients with the immediate-type allergic reactions]. PMID- 1114114 TI - [Effect of spa treatment on serum glycoproteins in children with asthma]. PMID- 1114115 TI - [Effect of radon on peripheral blood eosinophil count]. PMID- 1114116 TI - [Pollenosis in children treated at the Provincial Consultative Pulmonological Allergological Outpatient Clinic in Wroclaw in the years 1962-1971]. PMID- 1114117 TI - [Allergic reactions to gypsum]. PMID- 1114118 TI - [Immunotherapy as a method of causal treatment of atopic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1114119 TI - [Cardiac pacemaking in emergencies]. PMID- 1114120 TI - [Leukergy and intravenous contrast media of Polish origin]. PMID- 1114121 TI - [Psychosomatic development of children following conservative treatment of chronic subdural effusion]. PMID- 1114122 TI - [Effect of sanatorium treatment at Naleczow-spa on arterial blood pressure in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 1114123 TI - [Analysis of sources of psychological attitudes developing after a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1114124 TI - [Acute iron intolerance in a 13-month-old infant following intramuscular injection of Ferrum Lek]. PMID- 1114125 TI - [Studies of metronidazole as an amoebicidal agent]. PMID- 1114126 TI - [Adapatation of small intestine to changed digestion and absorption following its partial resection]. PMID- 1114127 TI - [Metabolic and hormonal studies in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 1114128 TI - [Orosomucoid in proliferative malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system and its level during treatment]. PMID- 1114129 TI - [Electric cardioversion in patients treated with digitalis]. PMID- 1114130 TI - [Biseptol in the treatment of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1114131 TI - [Rest camps as a form of rehabilitation following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1114132 TI - [The necessity for organizing hospital centers dispensing oxygen hyberbaric treatment]. PMID- 1114133 TI - Sesquiterpene lactones of Helenium tenuifolium nutt. PMID- 1114134 TI - Sesquiterpene lactones. Part XII. The new sesquiterpene lactones from the herb of Venidium hirsutum Berol. PMID- 1114135 TI - Correlation among glucose, insulin, and orally administered SPC-703 blood-levels in rats and rabbits. PMID- 1114136 TI - The determination of ethanol and other volatile substances in blood and urine by gas chromatography. PMID- 1114137 TI - Reaction of 2-imino-4-oxoselenazolidine with arylisothiocyanates. PMID- 1114138 TI - Biflavonoids in Juniperus L. sp (Cupressaceae). PMID- 1114139 TI - Some hydroxyacetophenone glycosides in selected species of Picea Lk. genus. PMID- 1114140 TI - [Morphological and physiological principles and new views on the role of bone tissue in calcium homeostasis in the system]. PMID- 1114141 TI - [Transferrin polymorphism in man and animals]. PMID- 1114142 TI - [The kidneys as an endocrine organ]. PMID- 1114143 TI - [Hemorrhagic diathesis in acute leukemias]. PMID- 1114144 TI - [Trends in the development of new drugs]. PMID- 1114145 TI - Intravenous trimethoprim/sulphadimidine in the treatment of Bacteroides septicaemia. PMID- 1114146 TI - Vick vapour rub intoxication. PMID- 1114147 TI - An unusual self-inflicted injury of the breast. PMID- 1114148 TI - Metabolic responses to selective beta-adrenergic stimulation in man. PMID- 1114149 TI - Phenothiazines and the electrocardiogram. PMID- 1114150 TI - The association of syphilis with cirrhosis: the role of alcohol and serum hepatitis. PMID- 1114151 TI - Primary thyroid failure presenting as a pituitary tumour. PMID- 1114152 TI - Problems in the management of mediastinal tumours. PMID- 1114153 TI - Neonatal listeriosis. PMID- 1114154 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of the ileum. PMID- 1114155 TI - [Clinical chromosome anomalies (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114156 TI - [Medical genetic consultations (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114157 TI - [Solubility pattern of 2 crystallization modifications of 2-benzosulfonamido-5 (beta-hydroxyethoxy-)pyrimidines]. PMID- 1114158 TI - [Biopharmaceutical evaluation of some tablets of acetylsalicylic acid. Importance of the method of dissolution in the establishment of the in vivo and in vitro correlations]. PMID- 1114159 TI - Relations between compaction data for some crystalline pharmaceutical materials. PMID- 1114160 TI - In vitro comparison of the beaker, the rotating-basket and the column dissolution rate methods. PMID- 1114161 TI - Characteristic X-rays-a still developing subject. PMID- 1114162 TI - A method for investigating the metabolism of the transportable fraction of plutonium aerosols. AB - The metabolism of the transportable fraction of both 'soluble' and 'insoluble' forms of plutonium following their deposition in the respiratory system of the rat by either inhalation or pulmonary intubation has been investigated. The results have shown that the transportable fraction varied considerably with the chemical form of the plutonium. Thus at one week after the pulmonary intubation of a solution of plutonium citrate, the extrapulmonary tissue deposit was 69% of the initial pulmonary deposit whilst in the case of a suspension of plutonium dioxide the corresponding value was only 0.075%. However, the metalbolism of plutonium following its entry into the systemic circulation was largely independent of the original chemical form deposited in the lung. The liver accumulated only about 16% of the activity deposited in tissues from the blood, implying that plutonium was circulating in the blood predominantly in a momomeric form. The cumulative excretion of plutonium in the urine over the first week after pulmonary deposition as either the dioxide, citrate or nitrate was equivalent to about 4.5% of the extrapulmonary tissue deposit and the results suggest that this value could be used as a basis for calculating the activity deposited in tissue from the blood in man. This study also demonstrated that mixed aerosols of plutonium dioxide and sodium oxide are more transportable in the lung than aerosols of plutonium dioxide alone. A maximum transportability was reached at a Pu : Na atomic ratio of about 1:20, when the transportable fraction of plutonium was forty-five times that from a plutonium dioxide aerosol alone. PMID- 1114164 TI - A multiwire porportional chamber positron camera: initial results. PMID- 1114163 TI - The use of Mossbauer spectroscopy to investigate lung samples containing iron. PMID- 1114166 TI - Letter: A method for improving the transfer function of linear tomographic systems. PMID- 1114165 TI - An isotope activity monitor. PMID- 1114167 TI - Letter: Conversion of beta-ray dose rates measured in air to dose rates in skin. PMID- 1114168 TI - The oxygen clock-a dual tracer physiological timer. AB - In vivo differential decay of the radioisotopic pair 19O/15O is used to measure the regional label 'age'. Simplified expressions are developed relating the measured age to oxygen transit times and utilization. Simultaneous production of the label pair employs a continuous flow, mixed-gas target irradiated by the University of Wisconsin tandem Van de Graff accelerator. Flow-through chemistry follows, with transport to the user site up to several hundred metres distant. Gamma energy spectra from a twelve-probe detector array are recorded in an on line computer during prolonged normal breathing of doubly labelled air. While the dynamics of oxygen compounds are of great physiological importance, the lack of compartment specificity of the 19O/15O pair raises fundamental questions in the interpretation of the age results. PMID- 1114169 TI - The influence of geometrical factors in 131-I-hippuran renography. AB - Using a particular collimated NaI scintillation detector and a kidney phantom containing 131-I, the dependence of the resulting count rates on collimator kidney geometry has been determined. These results have been used to calculate the geometrical contribution to the error in the measurement of relative effective renal plasma flow (REP) by 131-I-Hippuran renography. When radiographic and ultrasonic methods of localizing the kidneys are employed, this error has been found to follow a normal distribution with a SD of 2.6% in the case of equally divided function. Combination of this error with that from natural movement and statistical fluctuations, as observed using a dose of 10 muCi 131-I Hippuran, has led to the estimation of a corresponding potential error 11%. Values of the potential error, which is defined as the 99% probability range, have been calculated covering the range of RFP. PMID- 1114171 TI - The effects of x-irradiation on the mechanical properties of skin. AB - The elastic properties of rat skin previously irradiated with single doses form 1000 to 3000 rad have been studied. The measurements were made 50 and 120 d after irradiation on skin specimens immersed in saline at 37 degrees c. The tests were carried out on a tensile testing machine. The load extension curve, which was plotted to the point of rupture, exhibits two portions which are identified with the aligment of the collagen fibres and then their subsequent stretching. The elastic properties associated with fibre alignment are little affected by these doses of radiation but the stiffness of the collagen itself tends to decrease with increasing dose, exhibiting a shoulder in the dose response curve. PMID- 1114170 TI - Measurement of calcium in sections of a human skeleton using a reactor spectrum in vivo activation analysis technique. AB - Factors influencing the precision of measuring changes in the calcium content of sections of bone, including vertebrae, using reactor neutrons for partial body in vivo activation analysis have been examined and quantified. These factors include (a) the choice of incidient neutron spectrum, (b) the uniformity of activation with depth in the body, (c) reproducibility, (d) interfering reactions, (e) sensitivity and (f) dosimetry. It is concluded that an overall precision of 2.8% 3.2% (coefficient of variation) can be attained with a neutron dose of 50 mrad or 3-4% with a dose as low as 20 mrad. PMID- 1114172 TI - Neurophysiological effects of prolonged cooling of the calf in patients with complete spinal transection. AB - The neurophysiological effects of prolonged cooling were examined in seven patients with complete spinal lesions. The twitch tension of the soleus muscle, the direct (M-wave) and relfex (H-wave) response to electrical stimulation of the popliteal nerve, the Achilles tendon reflex (ATR) and the degree of inhibition of the H-wave by muscle vibration were recorded before and after a minimum of forty five minutes cooling of the calf. Changes in the configuration of the M-wave occurred, suggesting that cooling results in slowing of conduction in muscle or motor nerve fibers. Prolongation of the twitch contraction and half relaxation time was observed, implying that the contractile mechanism of the muscle is affected. A significant decrease in the ATR/M ratio was observed, indicating that cooling, in addition, affects the muscle spindle or its connections. No significant alterations in the H/M ratio or in the degree of suppression of the H wave by vibration were observed. PMID- 1114173 TI - Relationship of hyperextended gait pattern of chondromalacia patellae. AB - A specific hyperextended gait pattern is seen in patients with chondromalacia patellae. A new program designed to correct this gait impairment was evaluated by a clinical study. The findings of the study suggest a direct relationship between the amount of hyperextension and clinical severity of symptoms. When the patient's gait deviation is corrected, the symptoms of pain and effusion are alleviated. PMID- 1114174 TI - Adapted forearm support walker. PMID- 1114175 TI - The mechanical physical therapist. PMID- 1114177 TI - Letter: Functional ambulation profile. PMID- 1114176 TI - Let's reduce the communication gap. What associate editors look at. PMID- 1114178 TI - A bath-bed for burn management. PMID- 1114179 TI - Factors influencing patient satisfaction with the results of esthetic plastic surgery. AB - The Wise pattern is a convenient tool for marking the outlines of the areola recipient site, and for marking the lower skin flaps of the "skin brassiere" in most of the currently used operations for mammary hypertrophy and ptosis. We find it useful, at times, to draw the pattern outline before making a final decision on which procedure to do. Rather than limiting the surgeon's judgement, these preoperative marks leave a wide spectrum of options open to meet the esthetic requirements, while keeping the basic landmarks properly located. PMID- 1114180 TI - The anesthetic management and intraoperative care of patients undergoing major facial osteotomies. AB - Our experiences with 42 major craniofacial osteotomies--performed at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, between July, 1971 and January, 1974--are related. Guidelines for operative care and anesthetic management are outlined--with regard to the length and positioning of endotracheal tubes, fluid and blood replacement, reduction of intracranial pressure, prevention of pressure necrosis, and postoperative airway care. Adherence to these principles and cooperative teamwork may prevent unexpected deaths or complications, and may minimize morbidity. PMID- 1114182 TI - Letter to the editor: Should the subcutaneous tissue be plicated in a face lift? PMID- 1114181 TI - An evaluation of cryosurgery for basal cell carcinoma. AB - Fifteen histologically proven basal cell carcinomas were treated by conventional cryosurgery. Three to 6 months following healing, the entire treated area was excised and serially sectioned. There was clinical and microscopic evidence of residual tumor in two of the 15 cases and microscopic evidence of recurrence in one additional patient (20 percent recurrence). PMID- 1114183 TI - Protection of femoral vessels with a de-epithelialized hypogastric flap. Case report. PMID- 1114184 TI - Vascular leiomyoma of the hand. Case report. PMID- 1114185 TI - Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula occurring after a rhinoplasty. Case report. AB - We report a case of carotid-cavernous sinus fistula which developed after elective nasal surgery. As the carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is a rare but major complication of craniofacial injury, surgeons who operate in this area should by aware of the entity. PMID- 1114186 TI - Method for repair of cleft earlobes. PMID- 1114187 TI - Sahaja: an Indian ideal of mental health. AB - Sahaja is an Indian ideal of mental and spiritual health that has received special emphasis in the Sikh scriptures--especially, the Adi Granth. Since the concept of sahaja has long been associated with mystical thought and practice, its description has become shrouded in peculiar esoteric terminologies. It is the purpose of this communication to divest sahaja of its esoteric, mystic connotations and to redefine it as a mental health ideal in the context of contemporary conditions. PMID- 1114188 TI - Adolescents perceive their psychotherapy. PMID- 1114189 TI - The organization of treatment on a short-term psychiatric ward. AB - While the medical origin of psychiatric treatment has led to a tendency for discussions of treatment to dwell mainly on what is wrong with the psyche of patients, the treatment process of a residential facility consists of interaction between patients and a variety of staff members. It is a social process, and to understand fully what is going on, one might ask not only who is doing and saying what to whom, but who expects what, and how do each of the participants interpret what is going on. In observing the treatment process in a short-term psychiatric ward of a community mental health center, I saw the interaction of at least two different concepts and styles of treatment--the traditional medical model, and another model based on mobilizing social support. I found that my sociological perspective was useful in looking at the organization of the ward, at the two models of treatment--their interaction, their support of each other, and their occasional conflict, and at the nature of the patient role and the treatment process. PMID- 1114190 TI - Rebirth in a therapeutic community: a case study. AB - In most research on human behavior the experience of the subjects is filtered through the perspective of the behavioral scientist as observer and interpreter. In the narrative which is the principal portion of this study, a subject--in this case, a patient--reports directly both as subject and social scientist. An alternate title for the study might be, "the experiencing of a total institution". In contrast to what might be expected from much of the sociological literature on total institutions, this experience turned out to be a pleasant and positive one. PMID- 1114191 TI - Business as usual--at the state mental hospital. AB - Despite official policy and professional emphasis to the contrary, the custodial mental hospital continues to exist as a major form of state-provided mental health care. In this paper, one such institution, "New England State Hospital", is described, and the various features of hospital organization that sustain a system of custodial care are discussed. Although the custodial hospital offers little to its patients, its persistent survival can be explained by the number of non-patient vested interests that are well served by the state hospital, precisely in its existing custodial form. The case study of New England State Hospital suggests that reform of state mental institutions depends less on a programmatic formulation of desired changes than on an understanding of the structured resistance to such changes. PMID- 1114192 TI - Operation homecoming: psychological observations of repatriated Vietnam prisoners of war. AB - While in military service as a psychiatrist stationed at Scott Air Force Base, I had the opportunity to do the psychiatric evaluations on a number of the prisoners of war returning from North Vietnam. Scott Air Force Base is an area medical center (North Central United States), and was responsible for administering the medical and psychiatric examinations on all the men whose homes were in this area. Our hospital processed 29 returning POWS, of whom I saw 14. This group of POWS was probably unique in military history in that it was comprised almost entirely of officers. Their period of confinement was considerably longer than that of the prisoners of World War II and the Korean War, with the typical Vietnam POW being in captivity about six or seven years. This paper is an attempt to share my observations and thoughts on the experience of being a Vietnam Prisoner of War. PMID- 1114193 TI - Female heroin addicts in a city treatment program: the forgotten minority. AB - Female heroin addict clients suffer neglect of various kinds in connection with research efforts dealing with addiction. Often they are omitted altogether. Or, if included, topics relevant to their lives are not always examined, or a double standard of evaluation or interpretation, which operates to their disadvantage, is sometimes utilized. The study reported here was undertaken as a partial remedy for these ills. Its primary aim was to characterize a group of female heroin addicts at the time that they entered a city-run treatment program. Males were studied as well, however, so as to permit an examination of sex differences which might suggest modifications in male-oriented treatment programs. PMID- 1114194 TI - American Indian suicide--Fact and fantasy. AB - This is an epidemiology report on American Indian suicide patterns in the Pacific Northwest. The purpose of this report is to: (1) describe the first three years of a pilot project in suicide epidemiology, (2) demonstrate significant differences in tribal rates, (3) show that the total American Indian population has equally significant differences in tribal comparisons, and (4) clarify previous misconceptions about the "American Indian suicide phenomenon". PMID- 1114195 TI - A culturally patterned depression in a mother after loss of a child. AB - The phenomenology of clinical psychiatric syndromes is conditioned by the cultural ambience of the patient. This paper describes a reactive depression in an Amerindian woman (Trio group) of Surinam, which followed the form, onset, and outcome prescribed by her tribal tradition. PMID- 1114196 TI - Notes on frustration. PMID- 1114197 TI - Ego synthesis and cognition in a borderline case. PMID- 1114198 TI - Affects and psychic conflict. PMID- 1114199 TI - Congenital and perinatal sensory deprivations: their effect on the capacity to experience affect. PMID- 1114200 TI - Calibration of earphone-transmitted sounds. PMID- 1114201 TI - A chronic electrode for peripheral nerve stimulation: application for vagal stimulation. PMID- 1114202 TI - A vaginal plethysmograph system. PMID- 1114203 TI - Modification of the Grass 7P4 tachograph preamplifier for more reliable triggering. PMID- 1114204 TI - Stimulus intensity reduction following habituation. PMID- 1114205 TI - Magnitude of the heart rate and electrodermal response as a function of stimulus input, motor output, and their interaction. PMID- 1114206 TI - The effects of chlorpromazine and dextroamphetamine sulfate on the visual stimulation preference of extraverts and introverts. PMID- 1114207 TI - Continuous biofeedback and discrete posttrial verbal feedback in frontalis muscle relaxation training. PMID- 1114208 TI - Auditory vigilance correlates of electrodermal response habituation speed. PMID- 1114209 TI - Learned asymmetry of localized electrodermal responses. PMID- 1114210 TI - The psychological control of preoperative anxiety. PMID- 1114211 TI - Cortical evoked responses to labyrinthine stimulation in man. PMID- 1114212 TI - Evidence of high and low levels of physiological arousal in schizophrenics. PMID- 1114213 TI - Spatial distribution of the contingent negative variation (CNV) and the relationship between CNV and reaction time. PMID- 1114214 TI - Behavior of Kibbutz and urban children receiving an injection. PMID- 1114215 TI - Response relationships in SRR conditioning. PMID- 1114216 TI - Pupillometry: a survey of sources of variation. PMID- 1114217 TI - Electrodermal activity recorded concomitantly from the subject's two hands. PMID- 1114218 TI - Contingency theory and classical autonomic excitatory and inhibitory conditioning: some problems of assessment and interpretation. PMID- 1114219 TI - Tailoring smoking withdrawal procedures to personality and motivational differences. PMID- 1114220 TI - Effects of sex guilt on word association responses to double-entendre sexual words. PMID- 1114221 TI - Factor-defined abilities in patients with unilateral brain lesions. PMID- 1114222 TI - An instrument for assessing caller-reported benefits of calls to a telephone crisis service. PMID- 1114223 TI - Locus of control and academic achievement in emotionallly disturbed children. PMID- 1114224 TI - Effects of approval or disapproval on reading behavior of high- and low-guilt subjects. PMID- 1114225 TI - Evaluating treatment effectiveness by monitoring changes in problematic behaviors. PMID- 1114226 TI - Drug experiences, knowledge, and attitudes of high- and low-guilt individuals. PMID- 1114227 TI - A comparison of a token economy with standard inpatient treatment. PMID- 1114228 TI - The Behavioral Expectations Scale: assessment of expectations for interaction with the mentally ill. PMID- 1114229 TI - Independence of depersonalization-derealization. PMID- 1114230 TI - Psychological correlates of cancer. PMID- 1114231 TI - Influence of heroin addiction on neuropsychological functioning. PMID- 1114232 TI - Relation between affective and dispositional guilt. PMID- 1114233 TI - Age effects and revised scoring of the Canter BIP for identifying children with cerebral dysfunction. PMID- 1114234 TI - Predicting success in weight reduction as a function of locus of control: a unidimensional and multidimensional approach. PMID- 1114235 TI - Relation of personality, expectancy, and situational variables to self-disclosing behavior. PMID- 1114236 TI - Sex and mental illness: the generosity of females. PMID- 1114237 TI - Neuroticism and disclosure reciprocity. PMID- 1114238 TI - Minimal field dependency and minimal brain dysfunction. PMID- 1114239 TI - Relative effectiveness of behavioral and reflective group counseling with parents of mentally retarded children. PMID- 1114240 TI - Relationship of sex guilt and moral reasoning to premarital sex in college women and in couples. PMID- 1114241 TI - Weight loss through variations in the coverant control paradigm. PMID- 1114242 TI - Psychiatric history and symptom difference in black and white depressed inpatients. PMID- 1114243 TI - Effects of congruence-incongruence between locus of control and field dependence on personality functioning. PMID- 1114244 TI - Letter: Some comments on the relation between A-B status of behavior therapist and success of treatment. PMID- 1114245 TI - Some personality correlated of empathy. PMID- 1114246 TI - Comparison of Eysenck's PEN and Lanyon's Psychological Screening Inventory in a group of American students. PMID- 1114247 TI - Attitude similarity and therapist credibility as predictors of attitude change and improvement in psychotherapy. PMID- 1114248 TI - Effects of source prestige on subjects' acceptance of the Barnum effect: psychologist versus astrologer. PMID- 1114249 TI - Locus of control and drinking behavior in a sample of men in army basic training. PMID- 1114250 TI - Gender and age as factors in the attitudes toward those stigmatized as mentally ill. PMID- 1114251 TI - Time perspective correlates of collegiate marijuana use. PMID- 1114252 TI - The effects of intensity and interval rhythms on the perception of auditory and visual temporal patterns. PMID- 1114253 TI - Sensory and motor impairment in the nerve compression block. PMID- 1114254 TI - An on-line apparatus for hand movement research. PMID- 1114255 TI - A two-dimensional eye position and movement transducer of high sensitivity and stability. PMID- 1114256 TI - Post-cueing after erasure of the icon: is there a set effect? PMID- 1114257 TI - Body weight, short-term satiation and the response to reward magnitude shifts. PMID- 1114258 TI - Gamma-radiolysis of stearic acid: studies of nongaseous products. PMID- 1114259 TI - Effects of 1000 rads 60Co on baroreceptor reflex responses to phenylephrine and carotid occlusion in monkeys. PMID- 1114260 TI - Quantitative assessment of radiation and hypothermia-hypercapnia interaction effects on the formation of the fetal rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 1114261 TI - The uptake of rubidium-86 in mouse kidneys irradiated with fractionated doses of x rays. PMID- 1114262 TI - Measurement of blood flow in mouse tail after irradiation. PMID- 1114263 TI - Vitamin E decreases erthrocyte fragility after whole-body irradiation. PMID- 1114264 TI - Effect of 90Y inhaled in fused clay particles on the gastrointestinal tract of beagles. PMID- 1114265 TI - Effect of deuterium water on the mitotic cycle, the deoxyribonucleic acid stability, and the frequency of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in barley. PMID- 1114266 TI - An analysis of the retention of plutonium by the tissues of the rat. PMID- 1114267 TI - K values and gain factors of fast neutrons and x-rays for a mammalian cell system (CFU)in vivo. PMID- 1114268 TI - Cortisol metabolism in skin of beagles bearing Am. PMID- 1114269 TI - Dose-response relationships for the production of body malformations in trout by exposure of sperm to low doses of radiation. PMID- 1114270 TI - Letter: Influence of anoxia during gamma irradiation on the feritlity and competitiveness of the adult male codling moth, Laspeyresia (L.). PMID- 1114271 TI - Comparison of lung scanning and pulmonary angiography in the detection and follow up of pulmonary embolism: the Urokinase-Pulmonary Embolism Trial experience. PMID- 1114272 TI - Rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 1114273 TI - [The role of prostaglandins in cardiovascular system (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114274 TI - [An original method of plastic operation of the infra-femur in advanced vein insufficiency of the inferior extremity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114275 TI - [Eye-fundus and myocardial infarction without arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114276 TI - [Comparative clinical evaluation of liver function tests and immunological state of patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic agressive hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114277 TI - [Effect of dust pollution and thermal microclimate on the incidence of chronic non-specific diseases of the respiratory system with regard to the workers of gypsum industry in Gacki. Part IV. Radiographic results and symptoms of chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114279 TI - [An analysis of reanimation results, pathological changes and direct pathomechanism of cardiac arrest in 42 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114278 TI - [An experimental evaluation of the toxic activity of 3,3'-dichloro-5,5'-dinitro 0,0'-diphenol (Distolon). Studies on the mechanism of the activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114280 TI - [A preliminary investigation of diagnostic use of the pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions after secretine and pancreozymine stimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1114281 TI - Job performance and satisfaction of successfully rehabilitated vocational rehabilitation clients. PMID- 1114282 TI - Obtaining money from foundations. PMID- 1114283 TI - Woman's rights and fertility. PMID- 1114284 TI - Editorial: The private and public sector. What's in it for you? PMID- 1114285 TI - Roentgenologic features. In treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 1114286 TI - Alkaptonuria. A case report. PMID- 1114287 TI - Iatrogenic hematometra. Cryogenic corking of the cervix: case report. PMID- 1114288 TI - Hypercalcemia with ovarian granulosa cell carcinoma. PMID- 1114289 TI - [Obnoxious noise caused by aircraft as measured in the close proximity of the Warsaw-Okecie Airport]. PMID- 1114290 TI - [Exposure to noise in cities and towns of the Gdansk Province]. PMID- 1114291 TI - [Environmental pollution of food stuffs by cancerogenic hydrocarbons]. PMID- 1114292 TI - [Experimental studies of chronic manganese poisoning in guinea pigs]. PMID- 1114293 TI - [Radioactivity of building materials]. PMID- 1114294 TI - [Motor activity measurement in white rats as a test for toxicological assessment of phenol]. PMID- 1114295 TI - [Determination of lead and copper content in tap water in the Poznan Province]. PMID- 1114296 TI - [Biological method of determining the content of assimilable forms of sulfur containing amino acids in food product proteins]. PMID- 1114297 TI - [Changes occurring in fats during kitchen processing of pork]. PMID- 1114298 TI - [Methods of determination of some metals in food products. Part I. Determination of lead]. PMID- 1114299 TI - [Determination of saponins in some food products]. PMID- 1114300 TI - [Determination of DDVP by the colorimetry and fluorometry methods in high concentration and partly decomposed preparations]. PMID- 1114301 TI - Toxic material catcher for gas guns. PMID- 1114302 TI - The cortex of the cerebellum. PMID- 1114303 TI - Moth, melanism and clean air. PMID- 1114304 TI - The foreign medical graduate. PMID- 1114305 TI - Chromosomal proteins and gene regulation. PMID- 1114306 TI - Biological clocks of the tidal zone. PMID- 1114307 TI - The role of wax in oceanic food chains. PMID- 1114308 TI - The most poisonous mushrooms. PMID- 1114309 TI - Experiments in the visual perception of texture. PMID- 1114311 TI - The walls of growing plant cells. PMID- 1114310 TI - Cyanate and sickle-cell disease. PMID- 1114312 TI - Giant clams. PMID- 1114313 TI - Increased lever pressing for amphetamine after pimozide in rats: implications for a dopamine theory of reward. AB - Low and high doses of a dopamine blocking agent had effects on lever pressing for intravenous amphetamine reward which resembled the effects of reward reduction and reward termination, respectively. Noradrenaline blockade had no such effects. A role in central mediation of reward perception is suggested for dopamine but not for noradrenaline. PMID- 1114314 TI - Myogenic defect in acetylcholinesterase regulation in muscular dystrophy of the chicken. AB - To determine whether inherited muscular dystrophy of the chicken is neurogenic or myogenic in origin, limb buds from homozygous normal and dystrophic chick embryos were exchanged prior to muscle differentiation and innervation. Biceps muscles of hatched chicks, in which muscle of the donor was innervated by nerves of the host, were analyzed for embryonic properties of muscle acetylcholinesterase and for fiber diameter, two distinctive markers for expression of the dystrophic gene. The results indicate that muscular dystrophy of the chicken is caused by an initial biochemical lesion in the limb and its muscle rather than in its innervating nerve. PMID- 1114315 TI - Mezerein: antileukemic principle isolated from Daphne mezereum L. AB - An alcohol-water extract of Daphne mezereum L., a plant widely used in folk medicine for treating cancers, showed antileukemic activity against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Systematic fractionation of the extract has led to isolation and characterization of mezerein as the principal antileukemic component. PMID- 1114316 TI - Stroke in rats produced by carotid injection of sodium arachidonate. AB - Unilateral cerebrovascular occlusion was produced in heparinized rats within 60 seconds after an injection of sodium arachidonate (in doses exceeding 0.45 milligram per kilogram) into the carotid artery. Electroencephalographic activity over the affected cerebral hemisphere was suppressed, and cerebral blood flow decreased by half. Microscopic examination revealed complete obstruction of the hemispheric microcirculation by platelet aggregates. PMID- 1114317 TI - Basal forebrain and hypothalamic connection to frontal and parietal cortex in the Rhesus monkey. AB - Horseradish peroxidase was injected in different parts of the frontal and parietal cortex in 17 rhesus monkeys. In all cases the enzyme was transported retrogradely to neurons in the substantia innominata and hypothalamus as well as in the thalamus. These new findings demonstrate that these cortical areas receive direct afferent fibers from limbic basal forebrain areas concerned with emotion and motivation. PMID- 1114318 TI - Symbolic matching by pigeons: rate of learning complex discriminations predicted from simple discriminations. AB - Pigeons had no greater difficulty learning a complex discrimination involving arbitrary among stimuli (symbolic matching) than one involving interrelations based on stimulus similarity (matching-to-sample). The relative rates of acquisitions of matching and symblic matching may be accounted for by the discriminability between sample stimuli and between comparison stimuli, with the former playing the more important role. PMID- 1114319 TI - Extreme toxicity from combustion products of a fire-retarded polyurethane foam. AB - The products from nonflaming combustion of wood and a trimethylol-propane-based rigid-urethane foam that was not fire-retarded produced elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels but no abnormal neurological effects. However, when this type of foam contained a reactive phosphate fire retardant, the combustion products caused grand mal seizures and death in rats. The toxic combustion product responsible for the seizures has been identified as 4-ethyl-1-phospha 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2.)octane-1-oxide. PMID- 1114320 TI - Intestinal metabolism of phenacetin in the rat: effect of charcoal-broiled beef and rat chow. AB - The intestinal metabolism of phenacetin in vitro was increased 1100 percent in rats fed charcoal-broiled ground beef in a semisynthetic diet. The intestinal metabolism of phenacetin was increased 200 percent in rats fed a chow diet, as compared to rats fed the semisynthetic diet. The results obtained suggest a need for studies in man to determine whether charcoal-broiled meat and other dietary constituents can stimulate the intestinal metabolism of phenacetin or other drugs and thereby decrease their absorption and bioavailability. PMID- 1114321 TI - Evoked brain potentials as indicators of decision-making. AB - The effects of decision-making processes on evoked brain potentials recorded at the vertex were studied in human subjects. Significantly different visual evoked potentials to the same physical stimulus were obtained in trails that resulted in different behavioral decisions. The results suggest that certain characteristics of evoked potentials may perhaps be used as indicators of specific behavioral outcomes. PMID- 1114322 TI - Visual construction of color is digital. AB - When disparate shapes are flashed under the appropriate temporal and spatial conditions, the human visual system resolves their disparity smoothly and continuously. No equivalent supplementations are found for color, which the system resolves by abrupt transformation. Shape and color reveal themselves, contrary to some modern theorizing, as properties handled in different ways by the visual nervous system, continuous or analog for shape, abrupt or digital for color. PMID- 1114324 TI - Pattern recognition may resolve management of breast cancer: limited mastectomy versus radical mastectomy. PMID- 1114323 TI - Single gene cricket mutations: effects on behavior, sensilla, sensory neurons, and identified interneurons. AB - Crickets are suitable for studying the effects of single gene mutations on single nerve cells. In one mutant, three classes of sensilla are lost sequentially. The absence of one class of mechanoreceptors throughout postembryonic development deprives certain sensory neurons of normal stimulation and results in abnormal physiological and structural development of an identified interneuron. PMID- 1114325 TI - Letter: The methylation of arsenic compounds. PMID- 1114326 TI - Trichlorofluoromethane in the Troposphere, Distribution and Increase, 1971 to 1974. AB - Trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F) measurements in the troposphere over the Atlantic in 1971 and over the Pacific in 1972 and 1974 were compared. A rapid increase of CCl3F in the troposphere is evident. The observed increase of CCl3F between 1971 and 1974 is proportional to the increase of industrially produced amounts of CCl3F in the same time period. PMID- 1114327 TI - Porphyrin triplet state probing the diffusion of oxygen in hemoglobin. AB - Laser photolysis study of porphyrin-globin shows that the triplet state of the porphyrin is detectable by its light absorption and that it can be used to determine the rate of penetration of oxygen into the hemoglobin pocket in which the porphyrin is embedded. The oxygen penetration rate does not determine the binding rate of oxygen to iron in hemoglobin. PMID- 1114328 TI - Quantum sensitivity of rods in the toad retina. AB - A dark-adapted toad rod can respond consistently to flashes of light which bleach an average of less than one pigment molecule in its outer segment. These responses are much less variable in amplitude than would be expected if rods were independent quantum detectors. Rods interact with one another by pooling their signals, so that at least 85 to 90 percent of the response recorded from a single rod is generated by pigment molecules bleached in other receptors. PMID- 1114329 TI - Copulatory plugs in snakes: enforced chastity. AB - The male of some snake species forms a copulatory plug which occludes the oviductal parts of the female's cloaca for a few days. The plug, apparently formed from secretions of the kidney immediately after insemination, probably prevents rival males from copulating with the same female. PMID- 1114330 TI - Beta cell culture on synthetic capillaries: an artificial endocrine pancreas. AB - Beta cells from neonatal rats were cultured on bundles of artificial capillaries perfused with tissue culture medium. Cells continued to release insulin and remained responsive to changes in glucose concentration. The quantity of insulin released was similar to that of conventional flask cultures. PMID- 1114331 TI - Conjugal transfer of a chromosomal gene determining production of enterotoxin in vibrio cholerae. AB - Matings between strains of Vibrio cholerae differing in toxinogenicity, nutritional requirements, and antibiotic susceptibilities were performed in order to determine the location of the gene tox that controls production of cholera enterotoxin. Segregation analysis shows that tox is linked to a gene required for histidine biosynthesis. Our data indicate that the tox gene is located on the bacterial chromosome and not on a plasmid in the strains of V. cholerae studied. PMID- 1114332 TI - Mapping of functional neural pathways by autoradiographic survey of local metabolic rate with (14C)deoxyglucose. AB - An enzymatic preparation from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline (9H 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido(3,4-b)indole) in the presence of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. Similarly, N-methyltryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine yield 1 methyltryptoline and 5-hydroxytryptoline, respectively. Neither in vitro nor in vivo formation of these compounds by human tissues has been described. PMID- 1114333 TI - Letter: Electronic and catalytic properties of tungsten carbide. PMID- 1114334 TI - Limits to the scientific understanding of man. PMID- 1114335 TI - Stimulated vasopressin synthesis by a fetal hypothalamic factor. AB - The hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal complex (HNC) of the fetal guinea pig shows a dramatic increase in its content of vasopressin and neurophysin between the 40th and 55th days of gestation. The values for radioimmunoassayable hormone and binding protein are at day 40, 2 milliunits and less than 0.1 microgram; and at day 55, about 100 milliunits and 10 micrograms, respectively. Isotope incorporation experiments with organ cultures of the fetal HNC taken prior to the 35th day of gestation added additional confirmation of the inability of the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells to synthesize vasopressin or neurophysin at this time. However, by the 45th day, similar organ cultures show a vigorous incorporation of labeled amino acids into both hormone and binding protein. Furthermore, the HNC of the 45-day-old fetus apparently contains a factor that stimulates specifically the biosynthesis of vasopressin and neurophysin in HNC cultures from the adult guinea pig. This factor is not detectable in either cortex or liver of the 45-day-old fetus or in the fetal HNC taken prior to or after the period of exponential rise (40th to 55th days) of hormone and binding protein. PMID- 1114336 TI - Pyridoxal kinase: decreased activity in red blood cells of Afro-Americans. AB - The mean pyridoxal kinase activity in red blood cells of American blacks was approximately 50 percent lower than that of American whites. Lymphocytes, granulocytes, and cultured skin fibroblasts from black and white donors contained identical pyridoxal kinase activity. The pyridoxal kinase of blacks was indistinguishable from that of whites with respect to heat stability, chromatographic mobility on microgranular diethylaminoethyl cellulose, Michaelis Menten constant for pyridoxine, and susceptibility to inhibition by 4 deoxypyridoxine. The difference of the activity of this enzyme in whites and in blacks is much greater than any previously observed biochemical difference between the races. PMID- 1114337 TI - Inhibition of catecholamine release by tolbutamide and other sulfonylureas. AB - Tolbutamide and other sulfonylureas inhibited spontaneous and nicotine-induced release of catecholamines from the perfused cat adrenal gland and nicotine induced release of [3-H]norepinephrine from isolated guinea pig hearts. Of the sulfonylureas tested, the order to potency of this inhibitory effect paralled the hypoglycemic action. These results raise the possibility that the inhibition of the sympathoadrenal system may contribute in part to the hypoglycemic action of sulfonylureas. PMID- 1114338 TI - Prostaglandins in human seminal fluid: two novel compounds. AB - Human seminal fluid frozen immediately after ejaculation contains two novel prostaglandins. These are present in larger quantities than the previously reported prostaglandins. They are characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry as 19-hydroxyprostaglandins E1 and E2. Most of the previously identified prostaglandins may be artifacts. PMID- 1114339 TI - Localized desensitization of Limulus photoreceptors produced by light or intracellular calcium ion injection. AB - Spots of light were used to measure the light sensitivity of spatially separated regions of single Limulus photoreceptors. The desensitization caused by irradiating part of the cell was largest in the irradiated region. The desensitization caused by intracellular calcium ion injection was largest near the infection site. The spread of desensitization away from the injection site suggests that calcium ion can diffuse over neuronal dimensions, but that the effective rate of diffusion is not so high as to abolish calcium gradients. The results are compatible with the previously proposed hypothesis that a rise in the intracellular calcium ion concentration mediates light adaptation. PMID- 1114340 TI - Male-induced pregnancy termination in the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster. AB - Postimplantation as well as preimplantation pregnancy in prairie voles can be terminated by replacing the original stud male with an unfamiliar male. The pregnancy is disrupted by the ensuing male-induced estrus. Females spontaneously abort their litters, become receptive, and successfully breed again 4 or 5 days after introduction of the new male. PMID- 1114341 TI - Evidence for origin of insect sex pheromones: presence in food plants. AB - Compounds identified as sex attractant pheromones in a number of phytophagous insects were found in a variety of host plants. These agents vary in chemical composition in different plant species, which suggests that dietary factors may provide an evolutionary mechanism for diversification of certain insect species. A theoretical framework to explain this phenomenon is postulated on the basis of experiments with the oak leaf roller moth. PMID- 1114342 TI - Douglas-fir tussock moth: sex pheromone identification and synthesis. AB - The sex pheromone of the Douglass-fir tussock moth Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough) has been isolated and identified as (Z)-6-heneicosen-11-one. This compound and its E isomer have been synthesized and are highly potent in laboratory bioassays and field trials. PMID- 1114343 TI - Malignant hemangioendotheliomas produced by subcutaneous inoculation of Balb/3T3 cells attached to glass beads. AB - The Balb/3T3 mouse embryo cell line has been frequently used in cancer research as representative of nontumorigenic cells with the characteristic in vitro properties of postconfluence inhibition of cell division, low saturation density, and anchorage dependence. On the reasoning that anchorage dependence might also apply in vivo, each of nine mice were subcutaneously inoculated with an average of 15,400 Balb/3T3 cells attached to two glass beads 3 millimeters in diameter. After 8 weeks, all the mice had developed large bloody tumors that microscopically proved to be hemangioendotheliomas. Ther inoculation of Balb/3T3 cells alone or beads alone produced no tumors. Transplants of each tumor into normal mice grew to kill the animal within 6 weeks. Tumor cells from collagenase disaggregated tumor tissue had a plating efficiency of 21.2 percent compared to that of normal adult subcutaneous fibroblasts of less than 0.1 percent. The tumor cells in vitro closely resembled Balb/3T3 cells in appearance and were tumorigenic at a dose of 10-4 cells. A second, repeat experiment produced the same type of tumors grossly and microscopically in 17 of 25 mice between 99 and 211 days after inoculation of the Balb/3T3 cells attached to glass beads. These findings require a reassessment of the postulate that low saturation density, postconfluence of cell division, and anchorage dependence are characteristic in vitro properties only of nonneoplastic cells. PMID- 1114344 TI - Letter: Dimensions of olfactory quality. PMID- 1114345 TI - Light-induced changes in the structure of pigmented granules in aplysia neurons. AB - Pigmented granules in Aplysia neurons prepared in the dark contain material that appears to be composed of 50-angstrom globules and a precipitate, probably a calcium salt. On illumination the globules rearrange into paracrystalline arrays and membrane-like lamellae. The morphologic transformation may be related to calcium release from the granules, and the released calcium may mediate the light evoked hyperpolarization described by others. PMID- 1114346 TI - Phototransduction in aplysia neurons: calcium release from pigmented granules is essential. AB - Increased free intracellular calcium mediates increased membrane potassium conductance in illuminated Aplysia giant neurons. The calcium source was examined by microprobe analysis of cytoplasmic pigmented granules. Illumination markedly depleted granules of calcium and altered them structurally. Release of calcium from granules is essential for phototransduction. PMID- 1114347 TI - Fever and survival. AB - The significance of fever in response to a bacterial infection has been investigated using the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis as an animal model. These lizards develop a fever of about 2 degrees C after injection with the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. To determine whether this elevation in body temperature increases the resistance of the host to this infection, as measured by survival, lizards were infected with the live bacteria and placed in a neutral (38 degrees C), low (34 degrees or 36 degrees C), or high (40 degrees or 42 degrees C) ambient temperature. An elevation in temperature following experimental bacterial infection results in a significant increase in host survival. PMID- 1114348 TI - Letter: HeLa cells and RT4 cells. PMID- 1114349 TI - Evaluation of the synchronism of cleavage divisions. AB - A method is described for estimating the degree of asynchronism of cell divisions in individual embryos at early developmental stages by means of a relative measure of asynchronism. PMID- 1114350 TI - Temperature dependence of cleavage rates in carp, pike, and whitefish. AB - The time taken by the first four cleavage divisions has been determined for the carp, pike, and whitefish (Coregonus peled) at various temperatures; a quantity tau-0 was calculated, and plotted against temperature. From the curves plotted for all species investigated, it was found that in the salmon but not in the more thermophile species the rate of division within the spawning temperature range could be described by a constant Q 10 which had a value exceeding 2 or 3. Criteria for determing the lower temperature limit of the range for optimum development of teleosts are discussed. PMID- 1114351 TI - Proliferation and growth of intestinal epithelium in Ascaris suum (Nematoda) during postnatal ontogeny. Communication III. Mitotic anomalies and changes in ploidy and nucleus size. AB - It was established by cytophotometry that the amount of DNA in intestinal epithelium cells rises from the diploid to a tetraploid level during the early postnatal ontogeny of ascarids so that eventually nuclei with a diploid quantity of DNA practically disappear. Apart from this, there appear cells with a higher DNA content: 8c, 16c, 32c, and even 64c. Pictures of anomalous mitotic processes, as well as polypoid meta- and anaphases, were also observed. A result of the polyploidization is an increased size of nuclei and cells, but nucleus size is not always correlated with the DNA content. The previously established sixfold increase in the mean volume of intestinal cells during postnatal ontogeny of the ascarid is due to their transition to the new ploidy level and additional "paragenomic" growth of the polypoid cells. PMID- 1114352 TI - Cultivation of the notochord of a Balanoglossus species in diffusion chambers. AB - Minute fragments of the notochord of Balanoglossus sp. were cultivated in diffusion chambers implanted into the arm cavities of starfish, Asterias rubens. The surface properties of the cells migrating from these fragments and the intercellular contacts between them were examined in a scanning electron microscope type "Stereoscan." The two types of cell constituting the initial notochordal transplantate migrated already on the 2nd day of cultivation; these were rather large (10-12 mu) round cells with characteristic outgrowths, which grouped into colonies already on the 3rd-5th day of growth in culture, and small cells (5-7 mu) of elongated shape that at early cultivation stages were found scattered in a disorderly manner over the filter. At later cultivation stages (days 10-12), the small cells migrated toward the colonies of round notochordal cells and penetrated inside them. As a result, large colonies (counting 100 or more cells) developed in the cultures, their arrangement resembling that of the donor animal's notochord. PMID- 1114353 TI - Proliferation of cells of pigmentary epithelium of retina in adult newts at late regeneration stages after retinectomy. AB - The proliferation of pigmentary-epithelium cells after they have given rise to cells of the regenerating retina is associated with the growth of the pigmentary epithelium and not with additions to the regenerating retina. The proliferative activity of pigmentary-epithelium cells during this period takes place against a background of simultaneous synthesis of specific proteins. PMID- 1114354 TI - Relative degree of endopolyploidization of silk-gland cells in diploid and triploid silkworms. AB - Photometric measurements showed that DNA content of the cells in the posterior portion of the silk gland to be higher in triploid caterpillars than in diploids. The somatic polyploidy level of posterior silk gland cells therefore increases as the number of cells in the organ decreases with rising overall organism ploidy. PMID- 1114355 TI - Role of the female genotype in the formation of structural anomalies in the organs of Drosophila virilis female times D. litoralis male hybrids. AB - The role of the female genotype of Drosophila virilis in the formation of structural anomalies of the organs in the progeny after crossing with D. litoralis males was studied. The frequency of appearance and the character of the anomalies are shown to depend on the genotype of the original maternal line. PMID- 1114356 TI - Sequence of expression of paternal and maternal esterases in the ontogeny of Drosophila virilis. AB - The order of appearance of the parental fractions of the enzyme in ontogeny was investigated in hybrids between laboratory strains of Drosophila virilis differing in the electrophoretic mobility of certain esterases. Activity of the esterases was shown to persist at a low level during most of embryogenesis and to increase toward its end, especially after emergence. At the 16th-20th hour of embryonic development the maternal fractions are accompanied by the manifestation of paternal fractions of the slowly migrating esterase-4. Paternal forms of fast migrating esterases (esterases-2 and -6) are found only after emergence in age I larvae. PMID- 1114357 TI - Growth and respiration of regenerating tissues of the axolotl tail. AB - Changes in the weight and oxygen consumption were studied during regeneration of the tail in adult axolotls and larvae. The curve of the increase in weight of the regenerating tail in both age groups is S-shaped. The intensity of respiration of the regenerating tail increases in adult axolotls and in larvae at the blastema stage; in adult axolotls there is also a second increase in the intensity of respiration of the regenerating tail during differentiation of the muscles. The relationship between weight and the rate of respiration was compared during regeneration of the tail in axolotl and the normal growth of the animals. Whereas growth of the animals was characterized by the relationship QO2 equals aPk with a constant value of k, during regeneration the various stages of this process have their own corresponding values of k. PMID- 1114358 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the biological action of some bacterial allergens]. PMID- 1114359 TI - [Pulmonary-pleural complications after operations on the organs of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 1114360 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in the syndrome wet lung]. PMID- 1114361 TI - [Partial resections of the lung and pneumonectomies as repeated operations]. PMID- 1114362 TI - [Work capacity and rehabilitation of patients with mitral heart defects complicated by fibrillation arrhythmia]. PMID- 1114363 TI - [Indications and contraindications for glomectomy in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1114364 TI - [Astheno-neurotic disorders in rheumatic fever]. PMID- 1114365 TI - [Role of preventive examination in the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 1114366 TI - [Work capacity of patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1114367 TI - [Mesothelioma of the pleura]. PMID- 1114368 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the effect of anabolic preparations on the effectiveness of treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1114369 TI - [Extraperitonization of the pelvic organs following extensive operations on them]. PMID- 1114370 TI - [Clinical characteristics of acute infectious enterocolitis in adults and children]. PMID- 1114371 TI - [Clinical masks and difficulities in diagnosing Sheehan's syndrome]. PMID- 1114372 TI - [Characteristics of changes in myleoperoxidase in the blood serum of patients with periodic disease]. PMID- 1114373 TI - [Principles of current therapy of acute and chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1114374 TI - [Diagnostic errors in tuberculosis according to clinical pathology (prosector anaylsis data]. PMID- 1114375 TI - [Indices of external respiratory functions in patients with acute pneumonia before and after treatment]. PMID- 1114376 TI - [Kininogen level and kininase activity in the blood plasma in chronic stage I and II pneumonia in adults]. PMID- 1114377 TI - [Treatment of chronic pneumonia with the new chemotherapeutic preparation bactrim]. PMID- 1114378 TI - [Value of therapeutic physical culture in the complex treatment of patients with chronic pnemonia]. PMID- 1114379 TI - [Some characteristics and the pathogenesis of functional disorders in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 1114380 TI - [Xray characteristics of aspergillomas of the lungs]. PMID- 1114381 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 1114382 TI - [Ways of increasing the efficacy of treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1114383 TI - [Analysis of the causes of mistaken diagnoses of tuberculosis of the peripheral lymph nodes]. PMID- 1114384 TI - [Pathomorphism of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1114385 TI - [Hydrocortisone and corticosterone levels and their fractions in the plasma of patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1114386 TI - [Importance of pneumosclerosis in the development of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1114387 TI - [Clinico-roentgenomorphological correlations in disseminated processes of the lungs]. PMID- 1114388 TI - [Infiltrative tuberculosis of the lungs (according to dispensary observation data)]. PMID- 1114389 TI - Editorial: Exercise and coronary heart disease. PMID- 1114390 TI - Letter: Recognition of community medicine. PMID- 1114391 TI - Letter: Spondylolisthesis. PMID- 1114392 TI - Salicylate intoxication in infancy: a review. PMID- 1114393 TI - The place of surgery in nodular thyroid disease. AB - The case records of 419 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for nodular goitre are examined in the light of the final pathology and the incidence of carcinoma. In patients presenting with a clinically single nodule, the incidence of carcinoma was 10%; in multinodular goitres this incidence was 4%. A policy for the surgical treatment of nodular goitre is proposed. PMID- 1114394 TI - The treatment of neuroblastoma. AB - A protocol for the management of children with neuroblastoma is described. The appearance of peri-orbital ecchymosis and radiologically demonstrable skeletal metastases are of poor prognostic significance. The relatively infrequent occurrence of neuroblastoma in the Black population of Johannesburg is stressed. PMID- 1114395 TI - Lipoid proteinosis. Report of 2 cases with histology of the vocal folds. AB - Two cases of lipoid proteinosis, in which biopsies of the vocal cords were done, are presented. The condition is briefly discussed. PMID- 1114396 TI - The diagnosis and initial management of the acutely injured knee with particular reference to sport injuries. AB - A series of 115 consecutive cases of acutely injured knee, occurring mainly as a result of rugby-football, is analysed. It is suggested that the successful management of an acute knee injury often depends on the doctor of first contact. A scheme of diagnosis and early management is outlined. Acute subluxation of the patella is shown to be a definite entity in the differential diagnosis of an acute knee injury, and a classification for the purposes of the doctor of first contact is proposed. PMID- 1114397 TI - Letter: Arthritis survey in the Transkei and Ciskei. PMID- 1114398 TI - Letter: Drugs in obesity. PMID- 1114399 TI - Postgraduate training amd qualification in community medicine in South Africa. AB - Problems associated with training, experience, practice and recruitment in community medicine are outlined. Academic trends in South Africa and overseas are discussed, and various viewpoints of different authorities in this country are evaluated against the priority of community need. Amedian approach of optimum benefit to the health of all communities and the future of this discipline is sought, and the steps taken in implementation are outlined. PMID- 1114400 TI - Undergraduate education in social and preventive medicine at the University of Rhodesia. AB - Since 1967, the academic discipline of social and preventive medicine has been taught to medical students at the University of Rhodesia. The emphasis has been on the basic principles underlying the epidemiology of disease and the medical services required to suit the needs of Rhodesia. In 1970, a course in medicalsociology and in 1972, a course in pschology were introduced, and these courses havesupplemented the teaching of medicine in general and of social and preventive medicine in particular. The course is examined in some detail and evidence is submitted concerning the particular content and methodology used in this course of instruction for undergraduates. Reference is also made to a scheme of attachment to medical practitioners and a period spent during the final undergraduate year in a rural situation as part of the faculty programme of instruction in community medicine. PMID- 1114401 TI - Aspects of medical ethics. PMID- 1114402 TI - Pure gonadal (46, XY) dysgenesis--an XY female. AB - A case of pure gonadal dysgenesis is reported, the patient having a 46,XY genotype associated with female internal and external genitalia and bilateral streak gonads. The rarity of this syndrome is stressed. Reasons for not regarding this syndrome as synonymous with Swyer's syndrome are given. PMID- 1114403 TI - Schistosomiasis of spinal cord and skin. AB - We record the simultaneous occurrence of cutaneous and spinal cord lesions of schistosomiasis and speculate upon the mode of this distant spread. PMID- 1114404 TI - Letter: Lactic acidosis in diabetics. PMID- 1114405 TI - Letter: Drugs in obesity. PMID- 1114406 TI - Letter: Xeroradiography. PMID- 1114408 TI - [Letter: Physiology at school]. PMID- 1114407 TI - Letter: Granular cell tumours of the larynx. PMID- 1114409 TI - Humoral immune response in children with measles. AB - Twenty-eight Black children with complicated measles were investigated for their capacity to produce antibodies when stimulated with TAB antigen. Their measles antibody titres were also measured. Antibody production to TAB was defective, especially the "H" antibody. Production of measles antibody was sometimes delayed in its appearance but subsequently reached normal levels. PMID- 1114410 TI - Clinical experience of eclampsia at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka. An analysis of 50 cases. AB - A clinical analysis of 50 cases of eclampsia for the period June 1971-June 1973 is presented. During the same period there were 32 011 deliveries--an incidence of 0,156%. Of these 50 cases, only 8 were booked. There were 40 primigravidas. The highest number of fits recorded in any one patient was 6, and 13 patients has had fits before admission. Thirty-four patients were in established labour on admission. Only 12 patients had postpartum fits. The basis of management was heavy sedation, anticonvulsant therapy and emptying of the uterus as soon as it could be achieved. Biochemical studies and urine production measurements were important supplementary measures. Twenty patients achieved vaginal delivery and 3 had symphysiotomy, assisted by vacuum extraction, low forceps and midcavity forceps, to complete the delivery. Seventeen patients were delivered by Caesarean section. The remaining 10 had vaginal delivery assisted by vacuum extraction. One mother did not survive. Of the 51 babies, 7 did not survive the neonatal period, and 4 were stillborn. PMID- 1114411 TI - The paediatrician and the child. PMID- 1114412 TI - Letter: Massive use of chemoprophylaxis against tuberculosis. PMID- 1114413 TI - Aberrant left pulmonary artery: a rare cause of congenital stridor. AB - Aberrant left pulmonary artery is a rare cause of stridor and respiratory difficulty in infancy and childhood. Diagnosis can be made on oesophagram, and is confirmed conclusively on angiography. Surgery can be curative, especially in cases without severe associated cardiovascular anomalies. A case report is presented of the condition occurring in a South African Black infant. PMID- 1114414 TI - Antibiotic peritoneal lavage in severe peritonitis. A preliminary assessment. AB - A method of intra- and postoperative antibiotic peritoneal lavage, using 0.015% gentamicin in dialysis solution, has been assessed for the treatment of life threatening peritonitis. It is believed to be the first time that the use of gentamicin for this purpose has been recorded, and the first time that antibiotic peritoneal lavage has been used for the treatment of a series of patients with peritonitis of gynaecological or obstetrical origin. At Baragwanath Hosital, gynaecological patients with life-threatening purulent peritonitis arising from septic abortions, tubal sepsis (ruptured pyosalpinx) or postoperative causes, were studied. Thirty-eight such patients undergoing standard operative treatment had a mortality of 47.4%, which is in accordance with world figures for serious peritonitis. In 38 patients, after the addition of antibiotic peritoneal lavage, mortality was halved to 2397%, with minimal morbidity. The procedure used has been fully described, and is recommended for wider trial in patients with life threatening peritonitis or peritoneal soiling. PMID- 1114415 TI - Angiographic appearances in Paget's disease of the calvarium. AB - A case is presented to demonstrate the angiographic findings in Paget's disease of the calvarium. These angiographic changes suggest that the blood supply to the calvarium is mainly through its inner aspect via the distal branches of the external carotid artery. PMID- 1114416 TI - Acute uric acid nephropathy in thalassaemia. AB - Hyperuricaemia may complicate thalassaemia and may, on occasion, result in obstruction of urine flow on the basis of crystal formation. Prophylactic therapy with xanthine oxidase inhibitors may prevent this complication, but once it has developed, accurate diagnosis and aggressive therapy can reduce morbidity. The present case report illustrates one approach to the management of acute uric acid nephropathy. PMID- 1114417 TI - Cancer patient without hope. PMID- 1114418 TI - Letter: Whole blood or components--a national problem? PMID- 1114419 TI - Letter: Metabolic acidosis in the acute abdomen. PMID- 1114420 TI - Letter: Drugs in obesity. PMID- 1114421 TI - Letter: Lactic acidosis in diabetics. PMID- 1114422 TI - Letter: Pressurised aerosols. PMID- 1114423 TI - The dental treatment of problem children under ketamine analgesia. AB - Twenty children requiring dental treatment who were unsuitable for local or inhalational analgesia were all successfully treated using subanaesthetic doses of ketamine. PMID- 1114424 TI - Renal papillary necrosis associated with acute pancreatitis. AB - A case of acute renal failure with renal papillary necrosis due to acute pancreatitis is described. The association of renal papillary necrosis with acute pancreatitis has not been previously recorded, and the possible mechanisms for the production of renal papillary necrosis in this entity are discussed. PMID- 1114425 TI - Results of hyperthermic perfusion for melanoma of the extremities. AB - Our studies show that the malignant melanoma cell in human beings is more sensitive to the lethal effect of heat than its normal counterpart, the melanocyte. Malignant melanoma of the extremities presents unique problems; at times, local control can be extremely difficult. The addition of heat to regional perfusion with melphalan has dramatically improved the objective response of melanoma. Complications rise as the tempreature and duration of perfusion increase. These risks must be weighed carefully against the volume and extent of tumor. One hundred and eighty-five hyperthermic perfusions have been perfomed on 165 patients. When done with meticulous attention to details, this procedure is accompanied by minimal morbidity and mortality. Hyperthermic perfusion is currently the best treatment for recurrent melanoma of the extremities and has almost eliminated the necessity for amputation. Perfusion is recommended as a prophylactic measure for the more deeply invasive primary lesions. It reduces the incidence of regional recurrence. A retrospective statistical analysis of survival rates of patients treated with nonheated and heated perfusion for recurrent melanoma, State IIIA, was conducted. If the experience of the heated group continues, which from a clinical standpoint appears likely, then a striking advantage of heated perfusion over nonheated perfusion will be demonstrated. This superiority in survival rates for the heated group is now three to one or 300 per cent. The most reasonable explanation for the improvement in survival time of patients in State IIIA is stimulation of the immune response. As a result of our experience with heated perfusion of limbs, we are investigating the possibility that systemic hyperthermia may enhance the antitumor effects of various chemotherapeutic agents on melanoma. PMID- 1114426 TI - An evaluation of endoscopic pancreatocholangiography in surgical patients. AB - Retrograde pancreatocholangiography was successful in 110 or 83 per cent of 133 patients suspected of having pancreatobiliary disease. Cannulation of the pancreatic duct was successful in 95 per cent of the patients suspected of having disorders of the pancreas. In 84 per cent, the biliary tree was successfully visualized among the group suspected of having disorders of the biliary tract. Dilatation of the main pancreatic duct in association with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis was observed in 33 and 72 percent, respectively. PMID- 1114427 TI - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous fine needle biopsy of the pancreas. AB - By ultrasonic scanning, it is possible with reasonable accuracy to demonstrate space occupying lesions in the pancreas, and with a delicate ultrasonic technique, a puncture needle can be guided to a predetermined mass in the pancreas. In 25 patients with suspected pancreatic lesions, scanning demonstrated a solid mass lesion in the pancreas. Twenty-one patients had carcinoma; four had chronic pancreatitis. In 17 of the 21 patients with carcinoma, tumor cells were aspirated. The cells were numerous and easily recognizable, fulfilling the usual cytologic criteria of malignant disease. In three of the 16 patients with carcinoma, the aspirations were inadequate, and one showed normal pancreatic cells. In the four patients with chronic pancreatitis, normal pancreatic cells were aspirated. There were no immediate complications due to fine needle biopsy. The combination of ultrasonic scanning and ultrasonically guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration is an important adjunct to the management of pancreatic lesions. PMID- 1114428 TI - Steroid protection of the liver during experimental eschemia. AB - Temporary occlusion of hepatic inflow would be ideal during extensive operations for liver trauma or tumors, since this always is handicapped by accompanying massive blood loss. Since the liver is relatively low in tolerance to ischemia an attempt has been made to protect the liver with steroids during experimental warm ischemia. Total hepatic ischemia was produced in rabbits by ligating the portal triad and gastrohepatic ligament for 30 minutes. A survival rate of only 10 per cent was obtained in controls, whereas if methylprednisolone was given before occlusion, 100 per cent of the rabbits survived. If methylprednisolone was given immediately after the occlusion, the survival rate was 54 per cent. Further experiments extending occlusion to one hour resulted in a 50 per cent survival rate as compared with zero per cent in the one hour controls. Methylprednisolone protects the liver during warm ischemia, especially if given before occlusion, and dramatically decreases the mortality rate from this maneuver in our model. The mechanism of protection is probably by stabilizing and protecting the integrity of the hepatic cell during the anoxic insult. PMID- 1114429 TI - Aneurysms of the popliteal artery. AB - Thirty-one aneurysms of the popliteal artery in 23 patients have been studied. Twenty-nine aneurysms were secondary to atherosclerosis, while one was secondary to trauma and one was associated with a coagulopathy. The lesions were bilateral in eight patients and were associated with extra-popliteal aneurysms in ten patients; the abdominal aorta was the most frequent extrapopliteal site. All except two of the 23 patients were over 50 years of age, and many exhibited atherosclerosis and related symptoms in other vessels. Ischemic rest pain was the most common presenting symptom in patients with popliteal aneurysm, but three of the patients were asymptomatic. The most common physical sign was a palpable popliteal mass in 25 patients, with impending gangrene distal to the aneurysm in four. Thrombosis occurred in 11 of the aneurysms, embolism in three, and rupture in two. Amputation was eventually necessary in five patients with thrombosis and in one patient with embolism. Of 16 patients presenting with a complication of popliteal aneurysm, six patients eventually required amputation. All popliteal aneurysms should be treated surgically and arterial continuity restored unless contraindicated by the over-all condition of the patient. The saphenous vein represents the optimal replacement material available at this time, but fabric grafts can be used successfully. PMID- 1114430 TI - The difference in the clearance of interstitial albumin by the lymphatics from the stomach and the small and large intestine. AB - The capacity of the lymphatics to clear interstitial albumin was compared between the stomach, small intestine, and colon. The lymphatic and vascular transport in the stomach and colon was similar, clearing approximately 9 per cent of interstitially injected radioiodinated serum albumin by the thoracic duct lymph and 2 to 3 per cent by the blood in a five hour period. More than a third of the injected material remained at the site of injection. The small intestine was cleared of 37 per cent of the albumin by the lymph and more than 6 per cent by the blood, leaving less than 9 per cent at the injection site in the same period of time. Evidence that the small intestine was more effective and rapid in clearing interstitial albumin than either the stomach or colon was statistically significant. PMID- 1114431 TI - Liver scan and carcinoma of the breast. AB - The results of 100 liver scans obtained as part of the preoperative evaluation of patients known to be harboring a potentially resectable carcinoma of the breast were evaluated. Of the five positive results of these studies, four were found to be falsely positive. During the period included in the study, 317 other liver scans were performed on patients known to have recurrent, residual, or metastatic disease or on patients returning for routine postoperative evaluation. The information derived from these studies was of practical significance only in the group receiving therapy for the secondary tumor. On the basis of this small series, the routine use of the liver scan in evaluating the patient with carcinoma of the breast cannot be supported. PMID- 1114432 TI - Hemodynamic changes in the liver of the rabbit after hepatic dearterialization. AB - Quantitative determination of the development of collateral arteries and change in portal flow after an 80 per cent dearterialization of the liver of the rabbit was carried out with radioactive microsphere technique. The livers operated upon were classified macroscopically into two type groups. In the recovery type, the dearterialized lobes reverted to the preoperative state. In the necrotic type, necrosis in the dearterialized lobe progressed, and the nonarterialized lobe was compensatively hypertrophied. The rate of rearterialization into the dearterialized lobe was different according to the type. In the recovery type, collateral arteries developed rapidly until the fourteenth postoperative day, when the arterial flow reached 55 per cent and, thereafter, increased gradually. In the necrotic type, rearterialization progressed more rapidly, and arterial flow exceeded the preoperative value in the third postoperative week and, thereafter, decreased. In the necrotic type, portal flow in the dearterialized lobe had been significantly impeded within 12 hours after the operation. The state of portal flow in the dearterialized lobe is, we believe, a more important factor for the prognosis after the hepatic dearterialization than the rate of rearterialization or oxygen concentration of portal blood. High activity of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase of more than 90 units per milliliter on the seventh postoperative day can be an indicator for the impeded portal flow in the dearterialized lobe. PMID- 1114433 TI - Editorial: A lump in the breast. PMID- 1114434 TI - The anterior approach to percutaneous liver biopsy. AB - Anterior subcostal percutaneous liver biopsy using the Tru-cut disposable needle is safe and simple; there were no major complications in our experience. It avoids completely the known thoracic complications of the posterior or lateral approach to percutaneous liver biopsy and has the added benefit of making any of the remaining complications easier to manage. PMID- 1114435 TI - Repair of common bile duct defects using the gallbladder or cystic duct as a pedicled graft. AB - To repair defects in the common bile duct, part of the gallbladder and the cystic duct may be used as a pedicled graft. This has the advantage of an independent blood supply and a related mucosal lining. The method is illustrated by four patients who had excellent primary and short term results. In two patients, the defect was due to large cholecystocholedochal fistulas caused by migrating large gallstones. In one patient with marked stenosis of the duct, the defect occurred when the stenosis was opened through a longitudinal incision. The fourth patient had a large duodenal ulcer that penetrated into the common duct, causing a defect that could not be closed by suture. A definite evaluation of the procedure must await a longer period of follow-up study. PMID- 1114436 TI - [Organization of non-hospital medical aid to patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1114437 TI - [Long-term atypical course of primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1114438 TI - [Experience of physicians of regular emergency teams in intravenous use of novocainamide and novocaine]. PMID- 1114439 TI - [Certain indicators of blood characteristic of the activity of inflammatory process in patients with acute pneumonia and progress of the disease to a chronic form]. PMID- 1114440 TI - [Isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase of blood serum in patients with rheumatism in the active phase]. PMID- 1114441 TI - [Blood coagulation in patients with acute alcoholic intoxication according to thrombelastography]. PMID- 1114442 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of internal diseases]. PMID- 1114443 TI - [Therapeutical aid under the ambulatory-polyclinical conditions]. PMID- 1114444 TI - [Ambulatory-polyclinical service-the most important unit of public health]. PMID- 1114445 TI - [Role of primary prophylaxis of hypertension in the prevention of heart diseases]. PMID- 1114446 TI - [Work capacity of patients with myocardial infarct by the end of the second phase of rehabilitation- recovery (outpatient observations)]. PMID- 1114447 TI - [Dispensarization and its role in the prevention of ulcer disease]. PMID- 1114448 TI - [Ethambutol tolerance during hospital and outpatient treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1114449 TI - [Treatment of erythremia with imifos (10-year experience with hospital and ambulatory treatment of patients)]. PMID- 1114450 TI - [Role of a district therapeutist in early diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 1114451 TI - [Timely diagnosis of stomach cancer under ambulatory conditions]. PMID- 1114452 TI - [Change in the functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal system and the activity of lipoprotein lipase in patients with ischemic heart disease under the effect of refinded carbohydrates included in diets of different caloric value]. PMID- 1114453 TI - [Use of veloergometric test for detection of ischemic heart disease and evaluation of the degree of coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 1114454 TI - [Effect of potassium orotate on the indicators of rheohepatogram in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1114455 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning of the heart]. PMID- 1114456 TI - [Progeria of adults (Werner's syndrome)]. PMID- 1114457 TI - Medicine and the law: Federal court upholds Texas Medical Practice Act. PMID- 1114458 TI - Editorials: Winds of change. PMID- 1114460 TI - Editorial: Health of smokers and others. PMID- 1114459 TI - Fat embolization resulting from median sternotomy. PMID- 1114461 TI - Simple noninvasive test for evaluating defects in pulmonary perfusion. PMID- 1114462 TI - Acupuncture indication, techniques, and preliminary clinical result. PMID- 1114463 TI - Conservative management of end-stage renal failure. PMID- 1114465 TI - Utilization review regulations. Questions and answers. PMID- 1114464 TI - Women in Texas medicine. PMID- 1114466 TI - Medicine and the law. Washington State Court greatly expands physician's duty to patient. PMID- 1114467 TI - Synchronous and asynchronous carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 1114468 TI - Cancer incidence rates in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. PMID- 1114469 TI - Lumpectomy: simple mastectomy versus radical mastectomy for cancer of the breast. PMID- 1114470 TI - A high-risk group for breast cancer. PMID- 1114471 TI - Air pollution in Texas, 1973: basic information for physicians. TMA Committee on Environmental Pollution. PMID- 1114472 TI - [Notes from the 23rd Congress on Continuing Medical Education in Berlin]. PMID- 1114473 TI - [Occupational secrecy in the criminal law reform]. PMID- 1114474 TI - [Standards for pesticides in foodstuffs of animal origin]. PMID- 1114475 TI - [Pharmacodynamical cortiscosteroid therapy in combination with antibiotic causal treatment in severe acute bacterial infections. Current contribution to typhus epidemics in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 1114476 TI - [Carbonated beverages-harmful or useful? Increasing consumption of beverages containing carbonic acid]. PMID- 1114477 TI - [Under the terror of criminals]. PMID- 1114478 TI - Factor IX activity and factor IX antigen in haemophilia B carriers. PMID- 1114479 TI - Prothrombin activation induced by Ecarin - a prothrombin converting enzyme from Echis carinatus venom. PMID- 1114480 TI - Some aspects of the bonds interlinking soluble fibrin complexes in human plasma. PMID- 1114481 TI - Low vascular fibrinolytic activity in obesity. PMID- 1114482 TI - The plasminogen activator activity of arteries and veins in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1114483 TI - Estrogen induced appearance of N-terminal glycine from chromatographically purified fibrinogen. PMID- 1114484 TI - A simple and sensitive test for the detection of inhibitors of Defibrase and Arwin in serum. PMID- 1114485 TI - The effect of defibrase on arterial thrombus formation. PMID- 1114486 TI - Letter: A peculiar haemostatic mechanism in the rat? PMID- 1114487 TI - In vivo platelet function in acute myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular accidents and following surgery. PMID- 1114488 TI - Platelet adhesiveness in the assessment of ischaemic heart diseases. PMID- 1114489 TI - Distribution of prothrombin carbohydrate units upon thrombin activation. PMID- 1114490 TI - Experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation effect of heparin and epsilon aminocaproic acid on tests of hemostatic function. PMID- 1114491 TI - Radiolabeled streptokinase and urokinase and their comparative biodistribution. PMID- 1114492 TI - Effects of calcium ion and covalent crosslinking on formation and elasticity of fibrin cells. PMID- 1114493 TI - Platelet freeze-storage for antibody testing. PMID- 1114494 TI - Fibrinopeptides and the thrombin platelet interaction. PMID- 1114495 TI - [Inactivation of drugs by acetylation]. PMID- 1114496 TI - [Pancreatitis in patients with gallstones. Significance of elective operative treatment for known gallstones]. PMID- 1114497 TI - [Types of tremorsin patients with neurological disorders and in normal subjects. Evaluation based on recording with an accelerometer]. PMID- 1114498 TI - [Peripheral atherosclerosis. Symptoms, diagnosis and vascular surgical treatment]. PMID- 1114499 TI - [Height and weight in schoolchildren. Percentile charts based on measurements of Oslo children in 1970]. PMID- 1114500 TI - [Iatrogenic deafness]. PMID- 1114501 TI - [Norwegian biopsy material from Ethiopia]. PMID- 1114502 TI - [Comparison between Barosperse and Mixobar in studies of the small intestine]. PMID- 1114503 TI - Magnetic slides for support of grids in electron microscopic autoradiography: use with the bubble technique of emulsion application. PMID- 1114504 TI - A supplementary sliding microtome vise for small specimens. PMID- 1114505 TI - Ultramicrotome chucks for flat castings. PMID- 1114506 TI - Oral contraceptive continuation rates in the Singapore National Program. 1966 1972. AB - A study of a random sample of 3,564 oral contraceptive acceptors in the Singapore national program clinics with a maximum of 60 months of experience produced findings as follows: The typical pill acceptor was aged 26.9 years with 2.5 children, married for 4.2 years, had at least primary education, was not working, and started on the pill 2.3 months after her last pregnancy. Thirty-three percent of the oral contraceptive acceptors were still continuing with the pill by the cutoff date for the study, 30 June 1972, and the median period of pill use among those still using was 33.6 cycles. The median number of cycles of pill use among discontinued users was only 5.2. The main reasons for discontinuation were side effects of the pill and planned pregnancy. For the discontinued users, 43 percent had used alternative methods of protection, mainly condoms. Cumulative continuation rates per thousand women were 792 after the first cycle, 680 after the third, and 475, 346, 247, and 225 after cycles 12, 24, 48, and 59, respectively. PMID- 1114507 TI - Fertility reduction in an MCH/family planning program: a model for projection. AB - One of the important questions in an integrated maternal and child health/family planning program is the likely effects on fertility rates if given proportions of a stated target population can be reached and provided with family planning services. The question is easy, but the process of obtaining viable estimates of potential fertility decline from this type of program is complicated. First of all, the number of women in the target population must be estimated. Next, it is necessary to make various assumptions and estimates concering the types of contraceptives accepted, the age distribution of acceptors, the sets of continuation rates that go with each age/method specific group of women, and a variety of other factors. This article describes and illustrates a procedure for estimating potential fertility declines with an integrated maternal and child health/family planning program. PMID- 1114508 TI - Transfusion reactions associated with anti-IgA antibodies: report of four cases and review of the literature. PMID- 1114509 TI - The use of dextran as an adjunct to granulocyte collection with the continuous flow blood cell separator. PMID- 1114511 TI - The purification of red cells for transfusion by freeze-preservation and washing. IV. The use of micropore filtration to reduce the residual HL-A antigenicity of previously frozen, washed red cells. PMID- 1114510 TI - White blood cell transfusions for control of infections in neutropenic patients. PMID- 1114512 TI - A comparison of platelet production methods suitable for a service-oriented blood donor center. PMID- 1114513 TI - Anti-N antibodies in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 1114514 TI - Mixed-field polyagglutinability due to tn: a further example. PMID- 1114515 TI - Management policies for a regional blood bank. PMID- 1114516 TI - The motivations of blood donors and nondonors: a community survey. PMID- 1114517 TI - HL-A antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1114518 TI - HL-A in Hodgkin's disease. III. A prospective study. PMID- 1114519 TI - Ultrasonic irradiation and pupillary response. AB - The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the pupillary response was investigated over an intensity range from 0.1-1.5 W cm-2 measured at the surface of the applicator head at frequencies of 0.8 and 2.4 MHz. PMID- 1114520 TI - [Injection therapy of the prostate in prostatic tuberculosis]. AB - Oral therapy of prostatic tuberculosis so far has only been able to achieve conversion in one-fifth of the cases. Since 1970 we have practiced the transcutaneous injection of the prostate and have achieved conversion in all cases within a short time. Injection of 1 g Streptomycin and 0.1 g INH twice a week over a period of four to five weeks was carried out in 90 patients. Complications contraindicating the treatment was not seen. The transcutaneous injection treatment of the prostate is indicated in all patients where cavernous changes in the prostate have been demonstrated by urethrography. PMID- 1114521 TI - [Complete bilateral renal vein occlusion in a patient with right sided hypernephroma and renal insufficiency: report of successful thrombectomy and nephrectomy]. AB - A 66 year old female patient was successfully operated following complete obstruction of the inferior vena cava and left renal vein by tumor thrombi from a right sided hypernephroma. The effect of the compensatory development of venous collaterals of the left kidney and the therapeutic consequences of a thrombectomy following long standing thrombosis of the left vein are discussed. PMID- 1114522 TI - [Xenon exhalation measurements in the diagnosis of bladder diseases]. AB - Using an exhalameter radioactive marked Xenon, absorbed following bladder instillation, was determined in the expired air of 111 patients. In 65 of these patients the usual criteria in the diagnosis of bladder diseases were simultaneously ascertained. The functional disturbances of the epithelium of the bladder obtained through 133Xenon exhalation measurements did not correlate with the morphological changes. Especially in the so-called "Reizblase" (irritable bladder) functional disturbances were found without a morphological equivalent. Compared with the low Xenon exhalation found in patients with healthy urinary bladders there is a marked Xenon exhalation increase (10-15 times) in inflammation of the urinary bladder. In our opinion Xenon exhalation measurements is at the present time the most sensitive method for determining inflammatory diseases of the urinary bladder. PMID- 1114523 TI - [The effect of electrohydraulic waves and ultrasound on the urothelium]. AB - An experimental study on 30 rabbit urinary bladders showed that the ultrasound lithotripsy causes less tissue damage and fewer complications than the use of electrohydraulic waves. The danger of perforation using electrolithotripsy is high whereas bladder wall perforations never were caused by ultrasound using the usual amplitudes and frequencies. An increase in temperature and edema formation in the bladder wall was caused by the ultrasound but this probably would be a minor damage in the clinical use. PMID- 1114524 TI - [Report on the joint Czechoslovak and East German Congress on Pediatric Surgery, May 22-24, 1974, in Prague]. PMID- 1114525 TI - [Comment on the article "New cryotherapy probe with exchangeable optics for transurethral treatment of bladder tumors"by L. Steffens and W. Vahlensieck (this J. 13, 119-121 (1974)) and discussion (this J. 13, 202 (1974))]. PMID- 1114526 TI - [Conclusion to the comment by S. Molnar]. PMID- 1114528 TI - Spontaneous rupture of pyelocaliceal diverticulum. PMID- 1114527 TI - [Epididymitis Tuberculosa in the Change of Time. A study of the bioptic material of forty years (1932-1971)]. AB - Significance and course of epididymitis tuberculosa are explored by means of all the bioptic material of a forty years period. The results from the time before and after the introduction of the tuberculostatica are compared with each other. Shortly before and during the second world war and also at the end of the fifties the epididymitis tuberculosa was seen very frequently. It decreases since 1959. Generally the isolated epididymis is affected. In a number of cases the tuberculous inflammation is also spreading out to the homolateral testicle, the vas deferens and the tunica vaginalis testis. Evidently during the third decade the tuberculous epididymitis is increasing rapidly. Most cases are observed in the forth decade. The morphologic picture of the epididymitis tuberculosa has changed. During the first 20 years more cases of the granulomatous type have been observed, whereas during the following 20 years more cases of the necrotising type are present. PMID- 1114529 TI - Renovascular hypertension. Secondary to traumatic occlusion of supplemental renal artery. AB - A case is reported of documented renovascular hypertension due to traumatic occlusion of the main renal artery in a double renal artery system. Emphasis is placed on the value of the oblique renal arteriogram in assessing segmental vasuclature prior to surgical intervention. Oblique arteriography may also aid in the preoperative evaluation of patients with segmental renal ischemia due to other causes. PMID- 1114530 TI - Simultaneous closure of low cutaneous loop ureterostomies and excision of congenital ureterovesical junction strictures. AB - A case report of a child is presented in which double sectioing of the lower ureter was required to close simultaneously low cutaneous loop ureterostomies and to excise congenital ureterovesical junction strictures. One ureteroneocystostomy required revision. The vasculature of the ureteral segments was preserved by not mobilizing the ureter. PMID- 1114531 TI - Hydrostatic bladder distention for bladder tumor. A fatal outcome. AB - Hydrostatic bladder distention has been advocated for treatment of tumors and bemorrhagic radiation cystitis. The appeal of this procedure, especially for use in poor-risk patients, stems from its apparent lack of morbid complications. In the case reported here, death followed a major complication of this procedure. PMID- 1114532 TI - Foreign body in lower urinary tract. AB - A forty-four-year-old white man had a stout rubber cable extruding 2 cm. from the external urethral meatus. He had introduced an 82-cm. rubber cable via his urethra into his bladder to assist in clearing dysuria and hematuria. Suprapublic removal of the rubber cable was accomplished, and his postoperative course was benign. PMID- 1114533 TI - Antigenic cross reactivity between benign prostatic hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of prostate. AB - Tissue cultures were established from biopsy specimens of adenocarcinoma of the prostate (ACP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Generally, peripheral blood lymphocytes from BPH and ACP patients were cytotoxic to both ACP and BPH cells, but not normal fibroblasts nor cells cultured from other types of malignant tissue. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal control patients or from patients with other types of cancer were not cytotoxic to ACP- or BPH derived cells. These findings are consistent with a cross reactive autoimmune response in ACP and BPH patients, directed against a common antigen(s) present on both ACP and BPH cells. PMID- 1114534 TI - Use of mycophenolic acid in superifical bladder cancer. PMID- 1114535 TI - Fluorescence of testicle. An indication of viability of spermatic cord after torsion. AB - We present an objective measure of testicular viability intended to aid the surgeon in salvaging the testicle at the time of operation for torsion of the spermatic cord. Following the intravenous administration of 5 to 10 cc. of sodium fluorescein, the viability of the untwisted testicle can be determined by its fluorescence when exposed to a portable long wavelength Wood ultraviolet light source. PMID- 1114536 TI - Differential diagnosis in uropathology, carcinoma in situ of prostate gland. PMID- 1114537 TI - Seminal vesicle cyst containing mesonephroid tumor. PMID- 1114538 TI - Uroradiography, Case profile of the month. PMID- 1114539 TI - Ectopic ureterocele in single nonduplicated collecting system: diagnosis by radiography. PMID- 1114540 TI - Letter: Congenital absence of vasa. PMID- 1114541 TI - Letter: Cystic fibrosis and absence of vas deferens. PMID- 1114542 TI - Letter: Immobilization of vas in office vasectomy. PMID- 1114543 TI - Comparison of Gil-Vernet and classic flank approaches to pyelo- and ureterolithotomy. AB - We review our experience with the posterior approach to the kidney and compare it with the classic flank approach to pyelo- and ureterolithotomy. Our results show a decrease in morbidity with the posterior approach PMID- 1114544 TI - Preoperative urography in hypotensive patients with severe trauma. AB - In hypotensive patients with severe trauma including renal injuries, the preoperative urogram is generally of poor quality. In many instances these patients are taken to the operating room with no films at all. We have proposed a protocol for the resuscitation of severely injured patients, following which we performed a carefully monitored high-dosage urogram. We demonstrated in 16 patients that diagnostic films can be obtained even in severely injured patients who were initially in shock. PMID- 1114545 TI - Neurogenic bladder in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AB - Five patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus who had urinary incontinence were found to have neurogenic bladders by cystometry. The bladder disturbance in this disorder whould be considered the result of a specific defect of brain function and not just and artifact of gait disturbance or of dementia. PMID- 1114546 TI - Management of interstitial cystitis with ileocecocystoplasty. PMID- 1114547 TI - Sexual potency of patients on chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 1114548 TI - Torsion of spermatic cord and testicular appendages. AB - Forty-seven cases of torsion of the spermatic cord and testicular appendages have been reviewed. Twenty-eight patients with acute spermatic cord torsions underwent surgical correction. Only 10 were treated in time to preserve viability. The other cases were either gangrenous and required orchidetomy or were questionably viable. Acute, painful scrotal swelling with negative e findings on urinalysis is a surgical emergency. Ten patients had warning attacks, but because of delay in diagnosis and treatment, 4 required orchidectomy. Those patients with spermatic cord torsion who were detorsed before twelve hours had elapsed had viable testes. Patients with complaints of intermittent scrotal sweling and pain, with negative urinalysis, may be suffering from intermittent patients were treated in this manner. Six of these had a transverse lie of both testes, which suggested the underlying anatomic defect leading to torsion of the spermatic cord. The diagnosis of epididymitis or epididymo-orchitis is untenable with a negative finding on urinalysis and results in delay incorrect diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1114549 TI - Pulmonary emboli. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. AB - Pulmonary embolism is responsible for 50,000 deaths each year. A high diagnostic index of suspicion is necessary if the diagnosis of embolism is to be made prior to death since the classic triad of chest pain, dyspnea, and hemoptysis occurs infrequently. Preventive measures including preoperative anticoagulation will reduce the incidence of trombus formation. Treatment depends on early recognition, rapid anticoagulation, and, in selected cases, partial occlusion of the vena cava. PMID- 1114550 TI - Chronic obstructive nephropathy. Prognostic studies with translumbar pyelography and aspiration of urine. PMID- 1114551 TI - Renal function after ligation of right renal vein. PMID- 1114552 TI - Hypertension and unilateral hydronephrosis. AB - Three patients with unilateral hydronephrosis, a normal contralateral kidney, and sustained hypertension were investigated by means of arteriography and differential renal vein renin determinations. The close correlation of the onset of hypertension to the obstructive uropathy, as well as the increased renin production from the affected side, were indicative of a causal relationship. Nephrectomy produced a prompt cure of hypertension in each instance. PMID- 1114553 TI - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction in nephrolithiasis. An etiologic factor. AB - Obstruction is rarely accepted as the sole cause of calculi. We have reviewed 106 cases of nephrolithiasis for which surgery was performed at the St. Luke's Hospital Center during the past ten years. In 17 of these cases, obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction was demonstrated, an incidence of 16 per cent. We propose the theory that too frequently the responsible ureteropelvic junction obstruction goes undetected when a "routine" pyelolithotomy or nephrolithotomy is performed. PMID- 1114554 TI - Blind-ending branches of bifid ureters. AB - Three new cases are utilized to illustrate the anatomy, embryology, and symptomatology of blind-ending branches of bifid ureters. Diagnosis can usually be made by intravenous pyelogram. The complications are recurrent urinary tract infections, calculi, and hydroureteronephrosis. Selection of management by observation, resection, nephroureterectomy, or ureterolithotomy is discussed. The specific techniqie for simple resection is stressed. PMID- 1114555 TI - Unsuspected duplex ureters. AB - Three cases of unsuspected duplex ureters are presented. It is suggested that nonvisualizing upper pole segments should be suspected whenever a duplication occurs on the contralateral side regardless of the radiographic appearance. PMID- 1114556 TI - Experience with Kaufman III procedure for urinary incontinence. AB - The Kaufman III procedure for urinary incontinence is an effective means of treating postprostatectomy incontinence. The technique was modified by the routine inclusion of suprapubic cystostomy; operative assessment of the efficacy of the prostheses was possible. Four of our 7 patients (57 per cent) achieved excellent results, 2 of 7 (29 per cent) good, and 1 (14 per cent) poor. In the surgical technique it is important to stress that the mobilization of the crura from the pubic arch should be limited to allow only for the straps. Excessive dissection in this area will limit the degree of compression. This was thought to be a factor in the failure of our first case. Although the Kaufman III procedure for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence may not be ideal, the ease of insertion, good results, and low morbidity make it a desirable method of combating urinary incontinence in many male patients. PMID- 1114557 TI - Intermittent catheterization in children. AB - Many children with myelodysplasia are ideal candidates for intermittent nonsterile urethral catheterization to manage urinary incontinence. This method of urinary management becomes no permanent commitment and is preferred by patients and parents to supravesical diversion when successful. PMID- 1114558 TI - Neurogenic bladder of paraplegic patients: Management with radical Y-V-plasty. AB - In an effort to relieve subvesical resistance in the established paraplegic with unacceptable neurogenic vesical dysfunction while simultaneously preserving potency, a radical Y-V-plasty was carried out in 5 patients. The operation was successful in achieving low residual urines and freedom from clinically evident urinary tract infection without unfavorably affecting potency, but it committed the patients to a dependency on a condom appliance which some were unable to tolerate satisfactorily. The procedure is thought to have merit in selected cases; but whenever it is comtemplated, a trial with a condom catheter preoperatively is recommended. PMID- 1114559 TI - Extragenital gonadal neoplasia and metastatic testicular tumor. AB - Patients with retroperitoneal or mediastinal neoplasms of gonadal tissue type and clinically normal testes pose interesting therapeutic dilemmas. Three major groups of patients are recognized: (1) tumor is primary extragenital gonadal neoplasm; (2) occult microscopic primary neoplasm in a testicle with metastases; (3) area of fibrosis in a testicle representing local regression of tumor, but with distant metastases. Review of case reports often indicates lack of data sufficient for classification. Every effort should be made to group patients into proper categories, since treatment will vary. Two patients classified as group 2 are presented. PMID- 1114560 TI - Implantable penile prostheses in impotent males. AB - Surgical experience with thirty-one implantable Silastic penile prostheses in 28 patients is reviewed, with success in all but 2 patients. Surgical technique, indications for the procedure, postoperative complications, and results are reviewed. It is suggested that consideration be made for use of an implantable penile prosthesis in patients with organic or psychogenic impotence unresponsive to other therapeutic techniques. PMID- 1114561 TI - A coital technique for promotion of fertility. AB - In selected cases of subfertile men, the first portion of the split ejaculate is superior to the specimen considered as a whole with regard to sperm density, motility, and cytology, and also in those cases in which there is increased seminal viscosity in the whole ejaculate. Use of the coital technique in which the husband withdraws his penis from the vagina after deposition of the better first portion of the ejaculate during the fertile time of the wife's cycle has resulted in rapidly achieving pregnancy in many instances in which the marriages had been barren for years. A total of 33 cases of pregnancy ascribed to this coital technique in the past four years, with detailed analyses of whole and split ejaculates, is presented. PMID- 1114562 TI - Adenocarcinoma of prostate and malignant pericardial effusion. AB - A case of widespread adenocarcinoma of the prostate presenting as a symptomatic pericardial effusion is reported. The administration of high doses of estrogen produced a marked objective response in this patient PMID- 1114563 TI - Benign mesothelial tumor of bladder. AB - Two cases of benign mesothelial tumor of the bladder are presented, one causing urinary retention following surgery for stress incontinence and the other a softball-sized fibroma with a fifteen-year follow-up. PMID- 1114564 TI - Metastatic disease to kidney from lung. AB - Two cases are reported of primary carcinoma of the lung, presenting as tumors of the kidney. It was found that metastases to the kidney from the lung is frequent. It is recommended that in all cases of primary lung carcinoma the kidneys be examined for metastatic disease. If cancer is found and is treatable, the cure rate may be improved with early and aggressive treatment. PMID- 1114565 TI - Triplicate ureter. PMID- 1114566 TI - Auto-amputation of penis from carcinoma. AB - A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the shaft of the penis leading to auto amputation is presented. Despite delay in treatment, a good result was obtained following surgical excision. PMID- 1114567 TI - Accessory urethra with juxtaposed meatus. AB - A case report is presented of a juxtaposed urethral meatus and accessory urethra. The need for careful examination of the urethral meatus is emphasized. PMID- 1114568 TI - Urinary retention and hydronephrosis in a child caused by contact dermatitis of external genitalia. AB - Contact dermatitis of the external genitalia is added to the list of entities that can cause urinary retention with hydroureteronephrosis in a child. The urinary tract returned to normal following successful treatment of the acute penile edema with topical and systemic steroids. PMID- 1114569 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of ileal loop following cystectomy. AB - This is the second case reported in the literature involving transitional cell carcinoma in an ileal loop. The case is described and the literature reviewed. PMID- 1114570 TI - Urinary incontinence: a challenge and a solution. III. Plication of muscles of deep perineal pouch. AB - A new operation, very simple to perform under local anesthesia, is described for urinary incontinence caused by operations on the prostate gland or the bladder neck; satisfactory results have been obtained, with no complications to date. The surgical procedure consists essentially of plication of the external urethral sphincter and other muscles in the deep perineal pouch thereby increasing their tone, which appears to assist the smooth muscle sphincter for urinary continence. PMID- 1114571 TI - Removal of vesical calculi in patients with suprapubic cystostomy diversion: modified endoscopic technique. PMID- 1114572 TI - Orchioblastoma or infantile embryonal carcinoma: pediatric testis tumor. AB - A case of orchioblastoma in a two-and-one-half-year-old boy treated with orchiectomy and lymph node dissection is presented. Review of previously reported cases of orchioblastoma and embryonal cell carcinoma in boys reveals that these tumors differ in histologic appearance, but their pathophysiologic behavior and prognosis are similar. As with embryonal cell carcinoma, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has improved the survival of patients with orchioblastoma. PMID- 1114573 TI - Spermatic granulomas of epididymis. AB - This report is of a patient with spontaneous spermatic granuloma of the epididymis, an uncommon condition to occur without antecedent surgery, trauma, or clinical infection. PMID- 1114574 TI - Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation: angiography in its diagnosis. AB - Two patients with renal arteriovenous malformations are presented along with the distinct changes shown by urography, arteriography, and pharmacoangiography. The relevant roentgen signs in such patients include multiple small cobblestone-like identations caused by well-formed vascular channels projecting into the collecting structures, no angiographic or urographic evidence of a mass displacing the intrarenal vessels or collecting structures, normal sized arteries and veins leading to and from the malformation, and a decrease in size of the malformation after intra-arterial infusion of epinephrine. These patients may have flank pain or hematuria later in life or may remain asymptomatic. A complete urographic and angiographic examination will help to determine the appropriate therapy. Corrective surgery is usually reserved for symptomatic patients and, when indicated, require only surgical ligation of the vessels feeding and draining the malformation. PMID- 1114575 TI - Case profile of the month. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder. PMID- 1114576 TI - Letter: A modification of Hryntshak technique. PMID- 1114577 TI - Letter: Air and carbon dioxide cystometry. PMID- 1114579 TI - Letter: Torsion of intra-abdominal seminoma of testis. PMID- 1114578 TI - Letter: Grading system for ureteral reflux. PMID- 1114580 TI - Letter: Behavioral technique and penile erection. PMID- 1114581 TI - Letter: Accuracy of terminology in radionuclide techniques. PMID- 1114582 TI - Ultrastructure of the heart of the copepod Anomalocera ornata Sutcliffe. PMID- 1114583 TI - A medium for the axenic culture of Chlorella-bearing Paramecium bursaria in the light. PMID- 1114585 TI - [Determination of coefficient of the ease of outflow by elastotonometric method with the use of transscleral eye compression]. PMID- 1114584 TI - [Fundus oculi and ocular hydrodynamics with different clinical refraction in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1114586 TI - [Rheography of varied frequency of normal and glaucomatous eyes]. PMID- 1114587 TI - [Photocoagulation in choroiditis]. PMID- 1114588 TI - [Use of immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of severe forms of uveitis]. PMID- 1114589 TI - [Autoallokeratoplasty (reconstructive autotransplantation of the cartilage, periosteum and sclera as a basis for corneal prosthesis)]. PMID- 1114590 TI - [Tapetoretinal abiotrophy (clinico-genealogical studies)]. PMID- 1114591 TI - [Acute posterior multifocal pigmentary epitheliopathy]. PMID- 1114592 TI - [Fluorescence angiography of the retina in high myopia]. PMID- 1114593 TI - [Ultrasonic biometry in persons with suspected glaucoma]. PMID- 1114594 TI - [Discrepancy between clinical and morphological diagnosis of melanoblastoma of the choroid]. PMID- 1114595 TI - [Comparative evaluation of immediate and remote results of surgical treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 1114596 TI - [Eye lesion in patients with lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1114597 TI - [Effect of high-power laser radiation on the eyes]. PMID- 1114598 TI - [Effect of lead on the organ of vision]. PMID- 1114599 TI - [Toxic effect of organophosphorus pesticides on the organ of vision]. PMID- 1114600 TI - [Substantiation of the elasto-muscular theory of lacrimation]. PMID- 1114601 TI - [Dynamics of hypermetropia depending on optical correction]. PMID- 1114602 TI - [Results of complex treatment of convergent strabismus in preschool children]. PMID- 1114603 TI - [Combination of binocular magnifying glass and illuminator in surgery of retinal detachment]. PMID- 1114604 TI - [Set of tweezers with tubular tips for removal of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 1114605 TI - [Reverse (secondary) postcaloric nystagmus in its electronystagmographic interpretation]. PMID- 1114606 TI - [Hyaluronidase activity of the blood serum and spinal fluid in chronic suppurative otitis and otogenic intracranial complications]. PMID- 1114607 TI - [Some hematological characteristics in chronic suppurative otitis media in children 1 to 5 years old]. PMID- 1114608 TI - [Treatment of allergic otitis media]. PMID- 1114609 TI - [Virological and serological studies of patients with inflammtory processes in the middle ear]. PMID- 1114610 TI - [Microspectrophotometric study of the DNA content in the cell nuclei of the mucosal epithelium in precancerous processes and in cell nuclei of the mucosal epithelium in precancerous processes and in cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 1114611 TI - [Objective olfactometry (olfaction and pulse)]. PMID- 1114612 TI - [Cytodiagnosis of occupational lesions of the nasal mucosa]. PMID- 1114613 TI - [Use of a correcting negative mask in cosmetic operations on the external nose]. PMID- 1114614 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic recurring prosopantritis]. PMID- 1114615 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of intracranial rhinosinusogenic complications]. PMID- 1114616 TI - [Indices of natural nonspecific immunity in chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 1114617 TI - [Experience with using the needleless jet administration of anesthetizing substances in tonsillectomy in children]. PMID- 1114618 TI - [Ascending phlegmon of the neck simulating paratonsillar abscess]. PMID- 1114619 TI - [Case of a burn of the throat by flame]. PMID- 1114620 TI - [Case of complicated odontogenic sinusitis]. PMID- 1114621 TI - [Sharp reduction in hearing in a female patient with a xanthomatous lesion of the bones of the skull]. PMID- 1114622 TI - [Electrophysiological evaluation of the neurodynamics of the auditory system of animals under the action of ototoxic doses of streptomycin]. PMID- 1114623 TI - Editorial: Looking for something positive. PMID- 1114624 TI - Influence of anthelmintic treatment on the liveweight of outwintered ewe hoggs. AB - Three systems of outwintering ewe hoggs are normally practised on Scottish hill farms. A series of field trials involving some 2000 different animals was conducted to determine the response in liveweight from anthelmintic treatment for roundworms. The results suggest that, under field conditions, a strategic dosing programme using a modern anthelmintic can prevent liveweight loss in ewe hoggs wintered either on the hill or "inbye". The best response may be expected from a two dose regime--one in early winter (mid October to mid November) and the other in winter (mid January to mid February). In away-wintered hoggs, the kinder climate, better pssture, and, in the vast majority of cases, less contaminated ground, appear to outweigh the advantages of dosing after the late autumn. PMID- 1114625 TI - Clostridium septicum infection and antibiotic treatment in broiler chickens. PMID- 1114626 TI - Correspondence: Laboratory diagnosis of mucosal disease. PMID- 1114627 TI - Letter: Time to kill off Newcastle disease. PMID- 1114628 TI - Letter: Combined distemper/measles vaccine. PMID- 1114629 TI - Letter: Bovine caesarian section. PMID- 1114630 TI - Letter: Brucellosis 45/20 vaccine. PMID- 1114631 TI - Letter: Determining optimum insemination. PMID- 1114632 TI - Early pregnancy diagnosis in cattle. AB - Progesterone concentrations in peripheral plasma and in milk were determined by competitive protein-binding assay each day throughout the oestrous cycle of heifers and a dairy cow and also in animals after insemination. The accuracy of detecting and forecasting pregnancy and non-pregnancy was assessed in studies involving blood-sampling of heifers on the 20th and 23rd day after artificial insemination, and milk sampling of cows on the 21st and 24th day after mating. The high degree of accuracy obtained using this procedure for an early pregnancy diagnosis would be particularly useful in herds involved in a controlled breeding programme. PMID- 1114633 TI - Milk fever treatment. PMID- 1114634 TI - Letter: RCVS investment policy. PMID- 1114635 TI - Letter: Illness after racing. PMID- 1114636 TI - Letter: Inflation and the practitioner. PMID- 1114637 TI - Letter: Sale of veterinary medicines. PMID- 1114638 TI - Editorial: A hard trade to be resumed. PMID- 1114639 TI - Editorial: Keeping rabies at bay. PMID- 1114640 TI - Pregnancy failure induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin in pony mares. AB - Ten pregnant Welsh pony mares were each treated with a series of three intravenous injections of 2000 iu human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on alternate days. In four mares the first dose was given before the 39th day of gestation and conceptual loss followed treatments in all mares. The other six mares were first treated between the 40th and 97th days. No conceptual loss occurred despite five of the mares being given a fourth dose of HCG. Two mares first treated on days 36 and 38 of pregnancy subsequently produced PMSG although foetal death had occurred. PMID- 1114641 TI - Salmonella excretion by terrapins and the associated hazard to human health. AB - The isolation of Salmonella java (phage type Worksop) from the water of a terrapin tank is described. Two terrapins excreted the organism throughout a nine month observation period. Attention is drawn to recent reports of human illness associated with these animals kept as domestic pets. PMID- 1114642 TI - Letter: Clostridium septicum infection in chickens. PMID- 1114643 TI - Letter: DIY AI - no health risk? PMID- 1114644 TI - Letter: Looking after overseas interests. PMID- 1114645 TI - Letter: RCVS investment policy. PMID- 1114646 TI - Letter: Complete uterine prolapse in a mare. PMID- 1114647 TI - Newcastle disease antibody levels in chickens after vaccination with oil emulsion adjuvant killed vaccine. AB - Chicks vaccinated with live Hitchner B1 Newcastle disease vaccine at 17 days old and subsequently re-vaccinated with an oil emulsion killed Newcastle disease vaccine at either 38 or 52 days old showed high and persistent HAI antibody levels for at least eight months. Re-vaccination of these birds at 17 weeks old caused a further rise in antibody level to log212 which, even at 38 weeks, had dropped only to log210. Chicken primarily vaccinated with oil emulsion killed vaccine at six weeks old developed HAI antibody levels after four to five weeks of log29 which re-vaccination four weeks later increased to log211. Chicken given killed aluminium hydroxide adjuvant Newcastle disease vaccine were serologically HAI negative 13 weeks after vaccination while those given the oil emulsion vaccine still showed an antibody level of log28. Groups of birds inoculated with oil emulsion vaccine and then, at 20 weeks old, challenged with virulent Newcastle disease showed a 100 per cent survival rate. The particular merits of oil emulsion killed Newcastle disease vaccine for laying and breeding birds are discussed. PMID- 1114648 TI - Correction for haemolysis in the zinc sulphate turbidity test. PMID- 1114649 TI - A mycoplasma meleagridis haemagglutination inhibition test. PMID- 1114650 TI - Letter: Illness after racing. PMID- 1114651 TI - Letter: Inspection premises under the Breeding of Dogs Act. PMID- 1114652 TI - Letter: Behaviour of castrated animals. PMID- 1114653 TI - Letter: Brucellosis eradication. PMID- 1114654 TI - Letter: New Forest disease. PMID- 1114656 TI - Editorial: Domestication and behaviour. PMID- 1114655 TI - Letter: Assistants' problem. PMID- 1114657 TI - [Let us mark the concluding year of the five-year plan with new work achievements]. PMID- 1114658 TI - [Raise the efficiency of production]. PMID- 1114659 TI - [Polypeptide makeup of dried enzymatic peptones]. PMID- 1114660 TI - [Veterinary service and animal husbandry in the Democratic Republic of the Sudan]. PMID- 1114661 TI - [Means and methods of deratization on animal husbandry premises]. PMID- 1114662 TI - [Resistance of newly weaned piglets maintained in battery cages]. PMID- 1114663 TI - [Effect of different systems of maintenance on the body of rabbits]. PMID- 1114664 TI - [Control of the quality of aerosol disinfection]. PMID- 1114665 TI - [Chromosome sets in the cells of hematopoietic organs in leukemia]. PMID- 1114666 TI - [Dynamics of the agglutinin titer in chicks with pullorum disease-fowl typhoid]. PMID- 1114667 TI - [Vaccination of cattle against leptospirosis]. PMID- 1114668 TI - [Clinical signs of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle]. PMID- 1114670 TI - [Let us bring to life the decisions of the party]. PMID- 1114669 TI - [Experience in eradicating necrobacillosis on a state farm]. PMID- 1114671 TI - [Production tests of a vaccine against viral hepatitis in ducks]. PMID- 1114672 TI - [Organization of aerosol vaccination of poultry]. PMID- 1114673 TI - [Serological diagnosis of nuttalliosis in horses]. PMID- 1114674 TI - [Clinical signs and biochemical changes in the blood in anaplasmosis]. PMID- 1114675 TI - [Statil in coccidiosis of sheep]. PMID- 1114676 TI - [Resistance of Eimeria acervulina to statil, 3,5-dinitrobenzamide and acylinidrazone]. PMID- 1114677 TI - [Morphological changes in the oviducts in cows]. PMID- 1114678 TI - [Puerperal changes in the ovaries of fine-wooled sheep]. PMID- 1114679 TI - [Glandular formations in the oviducts of sheep]. PMID- 1114680 TI - [Role of morphological studies in examining metabolic disorders]. PMID- 1114681 TI - [Electrogastrography for the diagnosis of stomach diseases]. PMID- 1114682 TI - [Oxygen prophylaxis and therapy of calves with dyspepsia]. PMID- 1114683 TI - [Method of x-ray study of the digestive organs of lambs]. PMID- 1114684 TI - [Prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis in chicks]. PMID- 1114685 TI - [Therapeutic properties of sulfone]. PMID- 1114686 TI - [Determination of fozalon in combined feeds]. PMID- 1114687 TI - [Toxicity of antio for chickens]. PMID- 1114688 TI - [Effect of inhalation on chicks]. PMID- 1114689 TI - [Iprove food product expertise]. PMID- 1114690 TI - [Veterinary sanitary expertise on the meat of chickens poisoned by DDVP]. PMID- 1114691 TI - [Measures to prevent and control salmonella contamination of horse meat]. PMID- 1114692 TI - [Evaluation of the quality of processed fat]. PMID- 1114693 TI - [Apparatus for transporting samples]. PMID- 1114694 TI - [In the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR]. PMID- 1114695 TI - Characterization of the protein and nucleic acid of potato virus Y strains isolated from pepper. PMID- 1114696 TI - Morphogenesis of lambda with genomes containing excess DNA: functional particles containing 12 and 15 per cent excess DNA. PMID- 1114697 TI - Potato spindle tuber viroid. XIII. Inhibition of replication by actinomycin D. PMID- 1114698 TI - Retention and dissociation of tobacco mosaic virus by tobacco protoplasts. PMID- 1114699 TI - Positive and negative regulation by the cII and cIII gene products of bacteriophage lambda. PMID- 1114700 TI - Specific cleavage of adenovirus-associated virus DNA by restriction endonuclease R-EcoRI--characterization of cleavage products. PMID- 1114701 TI - Amber red- mutants of phage lambda. PMID- 1114702 TI - Specific encapsidation of TMV RNA fragments by 25S TMV protein: isolation and some properties of the nucleoprotein complexes formed. PMID- 1114703 TI - Protein synthesis in tobacco protoplasts infected with tobacco mosaic virus. PMID- 1114704 TI - Potato spindle tuber viroid. XIV. Replication in nuclei isolated from infected leaves. PMID- 1114705 TI - Uptake and fate of the DNA of adenovirus type 2 in KB cells. PMID- 1114706 TI - Characterization of a new class of deletions of the D region of the bacteriophage T4 genome. PMID- 1114707 TI - Effect of freezing on conformation and stability of the virions of southern bean mosaic virus. PMID- 1114708 TI - Functional equivalence of an RNA component and coat protein for infectivity of citrus leaf rugose virus. PMID- 1114709 TI - Fragments of Klebsiella bacteriophage no. 11. PMID- 1114710 TI - Isolation of nonsense mutants in the morphogenetic region of the bacteriophage lambda chromosome. PMID- 1114711 TI - The use of an abrasive in the isolation of cowpea leaf protoplasts which support the multiplication of cowpea mosaic virus. PMID- 1114712 TI - Isolation and characterization of a TMV-RNA dependent enzyme from TMV-infected tobacco leaves. PMID- 1114713 TI - Attachment of labeled TMV to tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. PMID- 1114714 TI - The effect of cations on the alkaline dissociation of tobacco mosaic virus. PMID- 1114715 TI - [Clinical course of heart rupture in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1114716 TI - [Complex spiroergometric evaluation of the results of 1 month physical training of patients with angina pectoris]. PMID- 1114717 TI - [Body weight in the population of the Trecin district]. PMID- 1114718 TI - [Problem of the effect of penicillamine on the collagen of the connective tissue]. PMID- 1114719 TI - [Biochemical study of some basic substances of the human lung tissue and bronchi in relation to age and to chronic obstructive bronchitis with pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 1114720 TI - [Erythrocytes and chronic obstructive lung disease in remission]. PMID- 1114721 TI - [Mutual relations between deoxyribonucleic acid and sputum viscosity in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 1114722 TI - [Physical and chemical analysis of the sputum from the point of view of its macroscopic evaluation]. PMID- 1114723 TI - [Treatment of cholelithiasis with chenodeoxycholic acid]. PMID- 1114724 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta and acute defibrinating syndrome]. PMID- 1114725 TI - [Basis of statistical methodology in medicine. VIII. Statistical estimates]. PMID- 1114726 TI - [Some medical aspects of the morale and psychological training of troups]. PMID- 1114727 TI - [Treatment of burned patients at medical triage stages]. PMID- 1114728 TI - [Organization of medical aid for the wounded with a peripheral nerve lesion at triage stages]. PMID- 1114729 TI - [Disinfection maintenance of units and installations]. PMID- 1114730 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 1114731 TI - [Improve medical control over military working conditions]. PMID- 1114732 TI - [Importance of the cholesterol flocculation reaction for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 1114733 TI - [Analysis of the fatal outcomes in acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 1114734 TI - [Obesity and its prevention]. PMID- 1114735 TI - [Seasonal fluctuations in lipid metabolism indices]. PMID- 1114736 TI - [Diagnostic value of determining lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in myocardial infarct complications]. PMID- 1114737 TI - [Characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of scabies in burned patients]. PMID- 1114738 TI - [Problems in the etiopathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment of chronic alcoholism (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 1114739 TI - [Epidemiological bases of measures to prevent angina among troups]. PMID- 1114740 TI - [Treatment of meningococcal infection carriers]. PMID- 1114741 TI - [Evaluation of the in-flight nutritional regimem of pilots]. PMID- 1114742 TI - [Psychophysiological principles for controlling and assessing pilot preparedness for flights]. PMID- 1114743 TI - [Reasons for excusing divers and submariners from descents]. PMID- 1114744 TI - [Some characteristics of decompression sickness in divers]. PMID- 1114745 TI - [Closed injury to the injury with multiple, extensive lesions of the intestines]. PMID- 1114746 TI - [Characteristics of the large intestine lesions in penetrating gunshot wounds of the abdomen]. PMID- 1114747 TI - [Total transverse rupture of the pancreas in multiple injury]. PMID- 1114748 TI - [Work experience of an allergology office]. PMID- 1114749 TI - [Treatment in total hypothermia]. PMID- 1114750 TI - [Early diagnosis of depressive states]. PMID- 1114751 TI - [Prevention of skin diseases in garrison units]. PMID- 1114752 TI - [Prevention of organic solvent poisonings]. PMID- 1114753 TI - [Medical aid in acute poisonings on board ship]. PMID- 1114754 TI - [Transcutaneous use of oxygen in the treatment of chlorine poisoning patients]. PMID- 1114755 TI - [Device for studying the operational readiness of an operator involved in monotonous activity]. PMID- 1114756 TI - [Prevention and conservative treatment of transitory hyperbilirubinemia in full term and premature infants]. PMID- 1114757 TI - [Use of inductothermy in the complex treatment of premature and newborn infants with pneumonia]. PMID- 1114758 TI - [The risk of perinatal pathology with maternal diseases]. PMID- 1114759 TI - [Indices of respiratory function and acid-base equilibrium in healthy newborn infants]. PMID- 1114760 TI - [The EKG in newborn infants during the 1st 10 days of life]. PMID- 1114761 TI - [Regulation of cerebral hemodynamics in premature children]. PMID- 1114762 TI - [Changes in the electroencephalogram in premature newborn infants with intracranial birth injuries]. PMID- 1114763 TI - [Iron stores in newborn infants according to the desferal test]. PMID- 1114764 TI - [Cortisol and corticosterone concentrations in the blood of newborn infants during the period of extrauterine adaptation]. PMID- 1114765 TI - [Gastric motor function in newborn infants]. PMID- 1114766 TI - [The osmoregulatory function of the kidneys of newborn infants of diabetic mothers]. PMID- 1114767 TI - [The practical value of ophthalmoscopic evaluation for early assessment of the state of cerebral circulation in neonates born in asphyxia (clinico-morphologic correlations)]. PMID- 1114768 TI - [Indices of metabolism in the uterus-amniotic fluid-fetus system at the moment of birth]. PMID- 1114769 TI - [Adaptation of general and cerebral hemodynamics in healthy newborn infants and children following asphyxia]. PMID- 1114770 TI - [Amniotic fluid examination for determination of the degree of fetal maturity in late toxemia of pregnancy]. PMID- 1114771 TI - [The state of cardiac activity and metabolic processes in mother and fetus in the presence of rheumatic heart defects]. PMID- 1114772 TI - [Substantiation of the basic diagnosis in young children with viral respiratory diseases complicated by pneumonia]. PMID- 1114773 TI - [A familial case of Gaucher's disease]. PMID- 1114774 TI - [Differential diagnosis of prolonged jaundice in the neonate and infant]. PMID- 1114776 TI - [Clinical characteristics of various histological forms of lung cancer]. PMID- 1114775 TI - [Role of comprehensive brochological study in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 1114777 TI - [Nitrosamine content in raw and smoked fish]. PMID- 1114778 TI - [Characteristics of the course of pulmonary artery thromboembolism in oncological patients]. PMID- 1114779 TI - [Bronchogenic cancer with multiple endocrine disorders (report of a case)]. PMID- 1114780 TI - [Stimulation of chemical carcinogenesis]. PMID- 1114781 TI - [Effect of prolonged preservation on the biological and morphological properties of experimental brain tumors]. PMID- 1114782 TI - [Transplantable tumor strains created in the USSR and maintained at the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 1114783 TI - A and B and A1Leb substances in glycosphingolipid fractions of human serum. AB - A and B and A1Leb substances were adsorbed onto red cells exposed to glycosphingolipid fractions prepared from the serum of group A and B and A1,Le(a minus b plus) donors. Group O cells exposed to fractions prepared from the serum of group A or B donors were agglutinated by an IgM cross-reacting antibody present in some group O sera. Cells exposed to fractions from A1,Le(a minus b plus) serum were agglutinated by anti-A1Leb. The amount of A substance in the fractions was related to the A subtype (A1 or A2) and to the Lewis and secretor phenotype of the donor. The uptake of blood-group substances from the lipid fractions was inhibited by the addition of whole serum to the fractions. PMID- 1114784 TI - Complement fixing and lymphocytotoxic antibodies in serum of pregnant women at delivery. IV. Serology. AB - The paper concerns 275 sera of pregnant women at delivery containing complement fixing platelet antibodies (CFPAb) and/or lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCTAb). 79 sera contained operationally monospecific antibodies against platelets and/or lymphocytes. 10 sera had only CFPAb, 4 of these were C-fix anti-A. 41 sera had CFPAb and LCTAb, 18 of these were monospecific against platelets and/or lymphocytes. In 224 sera only LCTAb could be demonstrated, 57 were monospecific. Furthermore in 8 of 258 primigravidae, screened for LCTAb 6 months post partum antibodies were detected. Generally the antibodies present at delivery had disappeared or narrowed, but in 3 cases the antibodies were detectable only in the postpartum sample. PMID- 1114785 TI - Histocompatibility antigens in leprosy. AB - Results of HL-A typing are presented in 82 patients with leprosy and 50 normal Filipinos from Cebu, and 144 normal Filipino immigrants from the Luzon area. Comparisons of HL-A antigen frequencies among the total patients and normals of Cebu showed no statistically significant differences; however, HL-A10 was increased in frequency among the patients with lepromatous disease compared to the normals, and HL-A5 was increased among the tuberculoid patients compared to the lepromatous patients. None of these comparisons was statistically significant when corrected for the number of antigens tested. Comparisons of HL-A antigen frequencies between normal Filipinos of the Cebu and Luzon regions showed increased W-5 in the Luzon population (corrected p smaller than 0.025). PMID- 1114786 TI - Double heterozygosity for hemoglobin Camden (beta 131 Gln yields Glu) and hemoglobin S in an American negro. AB - A hemoglobin variant with the slightly fast mobility associated with K hemoglobins was found, together with hemoglobin S, in an apparently healthy 3 year-old Negro girl from Washington, D.C. Her father had the same variant, along with hemoglobin A, and her mother had hemoglobins A plus S. Respective proportions of hemoglobins K and S in the propositus were 66-34. The K variant now has been found to have the structural change Gln yields Glu at position beta 131 (beta-H9); therefore it apparently is identical to hemoglobin Camden reported in trait form in a Negro subject by YATES, BELLINGHAM and HUEHNS (Nature 243: 467 468, 1973). PMID- 1114787 TI - Agglutination kinetics. A method for quantitative red cell antigen assays. AB - A simple, sensitive and highly reproducible method is described using a particle counting procedure for the study of agglutination percentage of red cells as a function of time. The method may advantageously be used for the current study of zygosity and other antigenic variations especially in family investigation. PMID- 1114788 TI - Over 95 per cent sensitization against allogeneic leukocytes following single massive blood transfusion. AB - The development and persistence of leukoagglutinating and lymphocytotoxic alloantibodies were systematically studied in 54 patients who had received single massive blood transfusions because of open-heart surgery. Of these patients over 95% were sensitized when tested for both leukoagglutinins and lymphocytotoxins, whereas 74% were found to be immunized when searched for cytotoxic antibodies only. The optimal time for detecting antibodies was 2 weeks after blood transfusions. PMID- 1114789 TI - Antibody to vaccinia. II. Prevalence in blood donors. AB - 3.6% of sera from random blood donors were found to contain antibody to vaccinia antigen(s) when screened by IEOP. Antibodies of the strength previously suggested as suitable for use in the preparation of anti-vaccinia immune globulin (titre 2 or more) were only found in revaccinated donors, especially but not exclusively those bled within about 3 months of last vaccination. PMID- 1114790 TI - Incidence of hepatitis associated antigen HAA and homologous antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The authors have studied the incidence of hepatitis associated antigen (HAA) and the homologous antibody in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of (1) arthritis sometimes associated with viral hepatitis, (2) the possible infectious etiology of rheumatoid arthritis, and (3) observation on the possible pathogenetic role of HAA in some cases of polyarteritis nodosa. The presence of HAA and antibody titer gave constantly negative results in all subjects examined with the exception of one case which showed no signs of serological or histological hepatic involvement. On the basis of the results obtained, the negligible role of HAA in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is underlined. However, the authors emphasize as suggestive the hypothesis that the characteristic histopathological alterations of rheumatoid arthritis may be mediated by an immunological reaction toward an infectious agent other than HAA, but operating through mechanisms similar to those of HAA in polyarteritis nodosa. PMID- 1114791 TI - Reactions of erythrocyte glycoproteins and their degradation products with various anti-I sera. AB - Three fractions of erythrocyte glycoproteins obtained from Sepharose 4-B chromatography were tested for I activity with ten serologically differentiated anti-I sera. The most active was fraction I, eluted at the void volume and containing the lowest amount of alkali-labile oligosaccharide chains. The desialization of glycoproteins increased their activity toward anti-I-s and anti I-D sera, and did not change or decreased the activity toward anti-I-F sera. The most abundant fraction II (major sialoglycoprotein of erythrocyte membranes) showed no or only a very weak I activity, but I-active glycopeptides were isolated from products of digestion of fraction II with trypsin. The major product of digestion, sialoglycopeptide IIT-2 showed I activity only after alkaline elimination of alkali-labile oligosaccharide chains. The results indicate that I receptors are present in hindered form on apparently I-inactive components of erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 1114792 TI - Separable anti-Hut which is specific for class II of the Miltenberger complex. AB - Two examples of anti-Hut which is specific for cell class II of the Miltenberger complex were found by simple absorption test of previously called 'anti-Mi-a'. PMID- 1114793 TI - Studies on the Miltenberger complex frequency in Thailand and family studies. AB - In studies of Thai blood donors, 243 of 2,500 subjects (9.7%) were Mi-a positive. All but two were of class Mi -II. Family studies established that Mi III is probably inherited as an autosomal dominant character and usually accompanies the Ms gene complex of the MNSs blood group system. PMID- 1114794 TI - Removal of leucocytes from whole blood and erythrocyte suspensions by filtration through cotton wool. IV. Immunization studies in rabbits. AB - Hetero-immunization experiments in rabbits were performed to evaluate the quantity of leucocyte antigens present in red cell suspensions prepared by the filtration method of DIEPENHORST et al., in which no intact leucocytes could be detected. It was found that the quantity of leucocyte antigens is smallest in blood filtered immediately after taking. More leucocyte-antigenic material seems to be present in blood that is filtered after storage and in frozen-thawed red cell suspensions. Evidence was obtained that granulocyte-specific antigens are more strongly immunogenic in the rabbit than lymphocyte-specific antigens or antigens common to both cells. PMID- 1114795 TI - Alternatives to freeze-drying for the removal of ethanol from plasma proteins. II. Gel filtration of albumin. AB - Removal of ethanol from highly concentrated solutions of human albumin (Cohn fraction V) by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 is hindered by the contraction of the gel in ethanolic solution, by incomplete retardation of ethanol compared with other low MW solutes, and by restricted diffusion of ethanol from the albumin zone. Despite these obstacles, the hourly capacity of such gel filtration columns, for approximately 100-fold reduction of ethanol concentration, may exceed 0.06 kg albumin per litre of column volume. The gel can be used safely at 5 degrees C for several years. The ethanol content of the final product is higher than that achieved by vacuum distillation, and it may be desirable to operate the two techniques sequentially. PMID- 1114796 TI - Evaluation before thoracotomy. AB - When a thoracotomy is being considered, the physician must first determine whether the lesion is potentially resectable. However, an equally important decision is whether the patient can tolerate pulmonary resection if there are other serious underlying medical problems. In any patient with signs or symptoms of pulmonary disease, a spirogram, arterial blood gas study and electrocardiogram should be done as part of the routine preoperative evaluation. The detection of abnormal pulmonary function should prompt preoperative institution of respiratory care to optimize maximally a patient's cardiorespiratory status before operation. If any of several indicators of a high risk of postoperative cardiopulmonary problems are found, split pulmonary function studies should be done to determine whether the lung remaining after resection will have adequate ventilation and perfusion. Xenon radiospirometry is preferable to bronchospirometry and right heart catheterization because of its noninvasiveness. Resection should not be undertaken in the presence of a predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) less than 0.8 liter, an arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO(2)) greater than 45 mm of mercury or Xenon scans which show poor ventilation/perfusion ( V/ Q) matchup in what would be the remaining lung after resection. A case is reported which shows the value of this approach to preoperative evaluation in determining the risk of postoperative problems. PMID- 1114797 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Anesthesia, technique and results. AB - During a period of three years, 256 diagnostic bronchoscopies were done with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes at a Veterans Administration hospital. In all of these procedures, topical cocaine hydrochloride anesthesia was used, and it proved satisfactory and free of any undesirable side effects. The peroral route using an endotracheal tube is preferred for flexible bronchofiberscopy. Fluoroscopic guidance is essential in examining peripheral lung lesions. A 70 percent positive yield was obtained for patients with peripheral carcinoma of the lung as contrasted to a 47 percent yield when the tissue specimens were obtained blindly. PMID- 1114798 TI - Screening for skin cancer at a county fair. AB - Six skin cancer detection clinics were held at a county fair booth in Turlock, California during August, 1973. Examination of sun-exposed skin areas in 605 people showed potential skin cancer in 28.6 percent of people 25 years of age or older. Of the people examined, 135 were referred to their own physicians for follow-up diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions. PMID- 1114799 TI - Introduced schistosomiasis. Evaluation as a public health hazard. AB - Schistosomiasis was found in many agricultural workers from Yemen who are residing in the San Joaquin Valley, and a study was done to evaluate the public health hazard of this imported disease. If the necessary intermediate hosts are present, a local focus of infection could be established. Numerous Biomphalaria obstructa snails collected in the vicinity of the Avenue 82 irrigation canal near Oasis, Riverside County, showed no evidence of natural schistosome infection. Laboratory-reared offspring of these snails were exposed to miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni originating from Yemen immigrants and to miracidia from a standard laboratory strain of Puerto Rican origin obtained from the National Institutes of Health. All exposures of California B. obstructa were made with a laboratory stock of highly susceptible B. glabrata snails also obtained from NIH as controls. Although miracidia penetrated California snails no evidence of infection was detected whereas the B. glabrata controls showed normal, mature infections with numerous cercariae.There appears little likelihood that B. obstructa can serve as intermediate host for schistosomiasis. PMID- 1114800 TI - Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. PMID- 1114801 TI - Fiberglass casts. PMID- 1114802 TI - Surgical procedures and hemophilia. PMID- 1114803 TI - Implants for arthritics. PMID- 1114804 TI - Spondylolisthesis. PMID- 1114805 TI - The critical osseotendinous junction. PMID- 1114806 TI - Ambulatory treatment of fractures. PMID- 1114807 TI - High velocity directional air flow systems (HVDAFS). Status of "clean air rooms". PMID- 1114809 TI - Editorial: Health counseling. PMID- 1114808 TI - Editorial: Human health--a concern of medicine. PMID- 1114810 TI - Recurrent pneumonitis due to Pseudomonas cepacia. An unexpected phagocyte dysfunction. PMID- 1114811 TI - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Diagnosis by needle biopsy of liver. PMID- 1114812 TI - Letter: Screening without meaning. PMID- 1114813 TI - Health hazard appraisal in patient counseling. AB - A program of annual health examinations was expanded to include counseling based on a computerized appraisal of individual patients' specific health hazard factors. Data obtained from a specially designed questionnaire, laboratory tests and a physical examination yielded a printout showing a number of weighted risk factors and their relation to ten leading causes of death as determined for that patient. From all of this information, a risk ("apparent") age was developed for the patient. The results were reviewed with each patient, and methods of correcting health hazards were stressed. A total of 488 persons were appraised, and 107 were randomly reappraised in less than a year, with the finding that the net risk age was reduced by 1.4 years. Such a reduction in risk age is significant; it indicates that appraisal-based counseling is an effective method of altering priorities of health practices. PMID- 1114814 TI - The role of medicine in aviation safety. PMID- 1114815 TI - Iatrogenic digital ischemia. PMID- 1114816 TI - Diagnosis of carcinoma and benign cysts of the breast. The value of needle aspiration. AB - Diagnosis of solid breast masses by needle aspiration with cytological examination of the aspirate has been practiced for some time in several centers in this country and abroad. It has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional excisional biopsy for the diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast. At the same time, simple needle aspiration of benign cysts as an office procedure has gained new favor as a means of proving the presence of benign disease at the first office visit and thus avoiding the loss of time, and the expense and worry of surgical excision in a hospital. From a review of the reliability and practical usefulness of both methods, it is concluded that aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of carcinoma is less reliable than conventional excisional biopsy and offers very little practical advantage. Simple aspiration of cysts, on the other hand, appears to offer a true saving of time, expense and worry, and to be a reliable method, if used properly. PMID- 1114817 TI - [Clinical picture of a thyrocardiac]. PMID- 1114818 TI - [Frequency of coexistence of gastric and duodenal ulcer with pancreatic disease]. PMID- 1114819 TI - [Acute appendicitis in the course of pregnancy]. PMID- 1114820 TI - [Clinical picture of staphylococcal diarrhea]. PMID- 1114821 TI - [Farmer's lung]. PMID- 1114822 TI - [Case of hemorrhagic lung and glomerulonephritis in the course of influenza (Goodpasture's syndrome)]. PMID- 1114823 TI - [Rare case of thymogenic mediastinal cyst]. PMID- 1114824 TI - [Spontaneous external biliary fistula]. PMID- 1114825 TI - [2 cases of ureter situated behind the inferior caval vein]. PMID- 1114826 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia of the mandible]. PMID- 1114827 TI - [Obnubilatory-hallucinatory syndrome during poisoning with phenylmercury acetate (mordant dye R)]. PMID- 1114828 TI - [Post-traumatic myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1114829 TI - [Ankle jerk reflex time in obliterative arteriosclerosis of lower limbs]. PMID- 1114830 TI - [Primary lymphoreticular neoplasms of the digestive tract]. PMID- 1114831 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of maxillary sinusitis]. PMID- 1114832 TI - [A case of bradycardia]. PMID- 1114833 TI - [Observations on the Rendu-Osler-Weber disease]. PMID- 1114834 TI - [Portal vein lying before the pancreas]. PMID- 1114835 TI - [Case of sigmoid endometriosis]. PMID- 1114837 TI - [Foreign body in bile ducts]. PMID- 1114836 TI - [Case of spongy degeneration of kidneys (cystic degeneration of renal pyramids]. PMID- 1114838 TI - [Mediastinal tumors developing from primary gonadal cells]. PMID- 1114839 TI - [Coexistence of breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 1114840 TI - [Large hilar lipoma as an additional cause of renal urinary retention and urolithiasis in a horseshoe kidney]. PMID- 1114841 TI - [Giant cyst of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 1114842 TI - [Attempted poisoning by means of injection of a petrol-oil mixture into the thighs]. PMID- 1114843 TI - [Research at Gerot Pharmaceutics]. PMID- 1114844 TI - [Significance of new effective-substances for basic research]. PMID- 1114845 TI - [Minimal requirements of clinical testing]. PMID- 1114846 TI - [Pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Vienna]. PMID- 1114847 TI - [Biochemie incorporated in the minor of its research and development]. PMID- 1114848 TI - Evaluation of post hysterectomy patients by outcome techniques. PMID- 1114849 TI - Procainamide reactions. PMID- 1114850 TI - Positioning and turning comatose patients in mass casualties. PMID- 1114851 TI - The first 100 consecutive total hip replacements in a rural Wisconsin hospital. PMID- 1114852 TI - Reye's syndrome and post-influenza-B hepatotoxicity. PMID- 1114853 TI - Editorial: Doctor, doctor, who's got the DR? PMID- 1114854 TI - Editorial: Are today's medical students going to be able to speak to their patients several years from now? PMID- 1114855 TI - Editorial: Personalization and depersonalization in medical care. PMID- 1114856 TI - Editorial: Physician autonomy and peer review. PMID- 1114857 TI - Medical unions. PMID- 1114858 TI - [Diagnostic problems in the sinus node syndrome]. AB - The sick sinus syndrome includes numerous arrhythmias due to various functional disorders of the sinus node, the atria and the A-V junctional tissue. These disturbances of impulse formation and conduction involve many diagnostic problems. If clinical methods as ECG monitoring are of no help, provocative tests are indicated. The best indirect test of the sinus node activity is the measurement of the sinus node recovery time after overdrive suppression. In addition, the sinu-atrial conduction time, the conduction velocity within the right atrium, the A-V node and the His-Purkinje system can be measured. In patients with the sick sinus syndrome abnormalities of conduction in the specialized cardiac tissue are common in addition to sinus node dysfunction. The results of the provocative tests are important for drug therapy or pacemaker implantation. PMID- 1114859 TI - [Atrioventricular conduction in the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]. AB - In 18 patients with LGL-syndrome His bundle electrography and atrial pacing were performed. In all cases the atrial conduction time was normal, the H-V interval within the lower limit (36 msec). The A-H interval was significantly shortened (58 msec). During rapid atrial pacing four different patterns of reaction could be distinguished: 1) A-H interval unchanged (1 case). 2) Sudden prolongation of the A-H interval at a critical rate (4 cases). 3) Continuous prolongation of the A-H time according to the driving frequency (9 cases). 4) Marked delay and block (4 cases). Verapamil had only little or no effect on the A-H interval in these patients. The results indicate, that only in a few cases with LGL-syndrome the shortened A-H time is due to a James bundle bypassing completely the A-V node. PMID- 1114860 TI - [Significance of atrial stimulation in the diagnosis and therapy of rhythm and latent conduction disorders of the heart]. AB - Temporary atrial pacings were carried out at several sorts of heart blocks on diagnostic and curing purpose. The proceedings can be useful to detect the latent blocks with different etiology and to set up the indication of permanent pacemaker implantation. PMID- 1114861 TI - [Pathogenesis of acquired coronary anomalies. Case report]. AB - The heart of a 44 years old man who died of a severe calcifying endocarditis of the aortic valves and the aortic root demonstrated a rare anomaly of the coronary arteries. The ostium and the stem of the left coronary artery were missing. In the left aortic sinus there was a small dimple covered by calcified tissue. Using histological serial sections a small vessel was detected that was completely obliterated by organized thrombotic tissue running between the small dimple in the aortic sinus and the main branches of the left coronary artery. This vessel was supposed to be the remaining stem of the left coronary artery. The regular branches of the left coronary artery were supplied by an anastomosis between the proximal part of the right coronary artery and the descending branch of the left coronary artery running within the upper interventricular septum. It has been suggested that this rare anomaly was caused by a gradual obliteration of the ostium and the stem of the left coronary artery during the course of the calcifying rheumatic endocarditis of the aortic valves. PMID- 1114862 TI - [Ultrasonic cardiographic studies of heart size in atrial septal defect, combined mitral and aortic valve disease]. AB - 27 patients with following diagnoses were examined by ultrasound: ASD; Aortic valve disease; Mitral valve disease with predominant insufficiency; Mitral stenosis; right heart failure; patients without evidence of cardiac disease. The right ventricular dimension (RVD Index) was assessed representing the distance between the right ventricular epicardial echoes and echoes from the right side of the interventricular septum divided by the patient's body surface area, analogue measurements were done to obtain the left ventricular dimension (LVD Index). The ratio from LVD to RVD was calculated. The motion of the interventricular septum was classified as Normal, Abnormal A and Abnormal B, according to known criteria. Three groups of patients could be differentiated: Patients without cardiac disease; Patients with right ventricular enlargement and ASD; Patients with left ventricular enlargement with aortic and mitral valve disease. In patients with cardiac enlargement, echocardiography provides better information concerning the ratio of the left ventricular to the right ventricular diameter compared to a routine chest X ray. PMID- 1114863 TI - Pituitary necrosis following major heart surgery. AB - Five cases of acute adenohypophysial necrosis were detected among 33 patients who underwent major cardiac operation and died within 10 days. This finding indicates an increased incidence of pituitary necrosis in heart surgery patients compared with unselected autopsy material. Histologically, the lesions which closely resemble those associated most frequently with obstetric shock, elevated intracranial pressure and diabetes mellitus, are coagulative infarcts, due to suppression of adenohypophysial blood flow. The cause of circulatory arrest to the adenohypophysis remains obscure. PMID- 1114864 TI - [Clinical aspects and hemodynamics of idiopathic dilatation of pulmonary artery]. AB - 1. The following clinical findings were seen with increased frequency in patients with idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation: pulmonary ejection click, systolic ejection murmur in the pulmonic area and abnormally wide splitting of second heart sound. 2. Hemodynamically these patients present often a pressure gradient on the pulmonic valve of minor degree and a slightly elevated cardiac index. A congenitally increased elasticity of the tissue of the common pulmonary artery has to be considered as the possible etiology of this lesion. 3. The diagnosis of idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery can be established by non invasive methods, excluding pulmonary valvular stenosis, pulmonary hypertension and left to-right shunts. PMID- 1114865 TI - [Registration and evaluation of blood pressure curves of the pulmonary artery with reference to various causes of error]. AB - In about 250 experiments with male and female anesthetized mongrel dogs, measurements of right ventricle and pulmonary artery pressure were carried out. We used Goodale-Lubin-, micro- and Swan-Ganz-catheters. The pressure registration was done by usual equipment. The investigation was performed to evaluate the reason and the extent of disturbances, which affect the real and formal pressure curve in the arteria pulmonalis. The following results could be obtained: 1. The disturbances can lead to fluctuations of such extent, that a correct demarcation of normal and pathological values is impossible. 2. Of great influence on the results of measurements are preparation and registration (warm-up-time, amplification, closeness of pressure-system, unhurt catheters), factors relating to equipment and methods (air-bubbles in pressure-system, damping by filters, continuous infusion of the micro-catheter, level of zero-pressure), factors which occur during intravital measurement (pressure-drop along the arteria pulmonalis, influence of normal breathing, great intrapleural pressure changes, pressure damping in the catheter by thrombosis and external disturbances) and last not least positive and negative acceleration forces, which influence the diastolic and systolic pulmonary artery pressure. 3. Most of the defects and disturbances also occur, when the physical conditions of the equipment are correct. When the preparation and registration is conducted very carefully, all disturbances can be recognized, eliminated and corrected during the registration. 4. The main problems are caused by influence of normal and pathological intrapleural breathing pressures. By reasons of comparison it is necessary to select the pressure values to be used from a great number of real and formal correct pressure values. Besides it is necessary to have always in mind the transmural pressure in the evaluation of pulmonary artery pressures. 5. By consideration of these results it is possible to mark off the normal pressure zone of pulmonary artery pressure from the low pathological zone. PMID- 1114866 TI - [Systemic error during measurement of dp/dt using conventional heart catheters and their correction]. AB - The influence of 4 different types of conventional cardiac catheter on the systemic error during measurements of dp/dt was investigated by testing the frequency response. This was done by coupling on end of the fluid-filled catheters to a newly developed sine wave pressure generator (0-100 Hz), and the other end ot a pressure transducer (Statham 23 Db). The obtained electrical signal was preamplified and differentiated by means of a differentiation amplifier (linear rise up to 20 Hz). Also investigated was to what extent the dp/dt registration (UV-Oscilloscope) could be improved by damping the signal by means of electrical low pass filters. PMID- 1114867 TI - A fine structural study of asexual stages of the murine coccidium Eimeria ferrisi Levine and Ivens 1965. AB - The schizogony of Eimeria ferrisi was studied in experimentally infected Mus musculus. Developmental stages occurred in epithelial cells of the cecum and colon. During transformation of invasive stages into schizonts the inner membrane complex of the pellicle, the conoid, subpellicular microtubules and micronemes gradually disappeared. The micropore, however, seemed to persist. Dividing nuclei had eccentric intranuclear spindles consisting of microtubules which extended between 2 centrocones, in close relationship with centrioles. During the last nuclear division anlagen of merozoites appeared as extensions on the surface of schizonts. The outer single membrane of the schizont became the outer membrane of the merozoite pellicle. Cytoplasmic organelles, typical of eimerian merozoites were incorporated into the developing merozoites. Finally the merozoite became detached leaving behind a residual cytoplasm. Fully developed merozoites had a 3 layered pellicle, the outer single unit membrane was continuous around the merozoite with the inner complex having interruptions at the anterior and posterior poles and at the micropores. Thirty-two subpellicular microtubules, originating at the anterior polar ring extended to the posterior region of each merozoite. The apical complex consisted of a conoid, preceded by 2 rings and surrounded by a polar ring. Two rhoptries were present having club-shaped terminal ends and slender ductules in the conoid region. Some merozoites had enlarged rhoptries, with the distal vesical appearing dense and osmiophilic. The Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, polysaccharide granules were similar to those seen in other eimerian merozoites. PMID- 1114869 TI - Sexual reproduction in the monogenean Diclidophora merlangi: tissue penetration by sperms. AB - Copulation between pairs of adult Diclidophora merlangi detached from the host was frequently observed. The spined penis of one animal always attaches to a second worm at a latero-ventral position posterior to the genital openings. There is no vagina. The sperms travel between the cells of the recipient to reach the seminal receptacle. The ultrastructure of the sperm is described. Positions of adult D. merlangi on the gills of the host would facilitate pairing for sperm transfer. PMID- 1114868 TI - Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in the plerocercoid of Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea). AB - All enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are present in subcellular fractions of the plerocercoid of Ligula intestinalis but the low activity of aconitase and malate dehydrogenase in the forward direction suggests that the complete cycle may be of questionable importance to the parasite. As in other helminths and intertidal molluscs, succinate, formed via a partial reversal of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is a major end-product of anaerobic glucose degradation. PMID- 1114870 TI - Structure and mode of function of the organelles associated with nutrition of the macrogametes of Eimeria acervulina. AB - The macrogamete of Eimeria acervulina, lay and developed within the host cell in a parasitophorous vacuole. The cytoplasmic membrane of the host cell bordering the vacuole was not smooth, but it had numerous folds extending into the vacuole. These "intravacuolar folds" varied in depth and number in different sections. In some, the majority of the folds were disconnected from the host cell. Once disconnected, they evidently disintegrated forming the amorphous, particulate material present in the parasitophorous vacuole. The pellicle of the young macrogamete consisted of a single unit membrane with an osmiophilic material representing the second membrane. Two unit membranes were apparent at a later stage of development when the wall-forming bodies had been formed and amylopectin granules deposited. Two kinds of organelles were present on the surface of the macrogamete, typical micropores and invaginations of the pellicle. The micropores arose from an invagination of the outer membrane, which continued through the invagination without interruption. Irrespective of whether an inner membrane was present in the pellicle or not, a thickened cylindrical wall around the inner portion of the invagination was always present. Micropores appeared in large numbers in both micro- and macrogametocytes. As many as three micropores were seen in a surface area of 2 mu2. Invaginations arose in a similar manner by infolding of the pellicle. They differed from micropores in that the thickened cylindrical wall present around the inner portion of the micropore was absent, and also in that invaginations had no uniform appearance. They were of varying shapes, and lengths, varying from very short V-shaped to long and narrow. Micropores and invaginations take in nutrients in the form of particulate matter present in the parasitophorous vacuole, this material having been derived from the host-cell membranous "intravacuolar folds". The micropores function as cytostomes and the invaginations take in material by means of pinocytosis. Large numbers of intravacuolar tubules were seen at the surface of the macrogamete. They were present only at certain areas of the macrogamete and in groups and were connecting the parasite with the host cell. They were about 80-110 nm in diameter, and were seen to attain a length of up to 6 mu. Evidence was obtained indicating that the tubules transport free ribosomes from the host cell to the parasite. The ribosomes were seen to accumulate in "pockets" within the cytoplasm of the host cell, at the area where the tubules were connected. PMID- 1114871 TI - [Benign tumors of the stomach]. AB - The authors report their surgical experience of benign gastric tumors between 1947 and 1972: 19 cases (18 patients) were operated, which represent 3, 5% of the operated malignant tumors. Distribution was as follows: 6 polyps, 4 schwannomas, 4 accessory pancreases, 4 leiomyomas, 1 lipoma plus one leiomyoma of the ampula of Vater. The authors recall the symptomatology and roentgenological aspect of these tumors. They point out the growing importance of fibroscopy. They insist on the connexion between these tumors and carcinomas: this is clear for schwannomas and polyps where volume is a determining feature. Resection can be limited where there is no danger of malignant change. Though unquestionalbe, the malignancy of polyps is less than that of classical carcinomas. PMID- 1114872 TI - [Reflexions on carcinomas of the extra-hepatic bile ducts]. AB - The authors present 12 cases of true malignant ampulloma and 23 cases of carcinoma of the biliary tract (MBT). They analyze frequency, symptomatology, pathology, radiology, treatment and results. They stress that decreasing malignancy is in the following order: cancer of the MBT, cancer of the gallbladder, and ampulloma. The latter is the least lethal with the most long term cures. As to cancer of the MBT no cure is to be expected, but palliative surgery (resection or tumor by-pass) will bring temporary cure; consequently this should always be tried when possible despite the high operative mortality. PMID- 1114873 TI - [Psychological implications of esthetic surgery. Apropos of a study of 68 cases]. AB - The candidate to cosmetic surgery is not, contrary to a too common idea, a frivolous creature trying to become more beautiful. He is generally a person with a physical disgrace that induces a frustrating sense of inferiority. The role of the surgeon is to help by removal of the disgrace. The operative indication is thus only psychologic and in some extreme cases, difficult to establish, because the surgeon is badly prepared to this role. A study was performed to understand better the motives and psychologic results of cosmetic operations. Sixty-eight candidates were chosen by the surgeon who considered their disgrace operable. All accepted a psychologic analysis. Following this they were divided into 3 groups: "adapted" (39), "worried" (21) and "perturbated" (8), according to the increasing importance of their emotional disturbances. None of these patients was really psychotic. In the great majority of cases (83%), the interviews with the psychologist disclosed parental difficulties during childhood, followed by a sensation of frustration and of insecurity. Of the 64 operated patients, 62 were reviewed by the psychologist. Fifty-four (87%) were satisfied with the result, among which 45 felt improvement in their psychologic state. Eight were disappointed. Among these, 7 had been classified as "worried" or "distressed". Only 2 patients had reasons to be dissappointed, the others focussed a depressive tendency on a minor and temporary unperfection. Cosmetic surgery thus produces the best psychologic results in "adapted" patients, but is also justified in "worried" or "distressed" patients as the majority will benefit from the operation. In these a careful psychologic contact with the surgeon is mandatory to diminish the postoperative emotional disturbances. PMID- 1114874 TI - Cancer of the breast. A study of prognostic factors as a guide in selecting cases for conservative treatment. AB - We have analysed 2.649 observations of cancer of the breast in order to study factors influencing the prognosis. We have found a definitive relationship between the extend of the primary tumor, the condition of the regional lymph nodes and the presence or absence of metastases. A careful clinical examination remains of the utmost importance to assess the characteristics of tumor and nodes. This associated with systematic search for bone and pulmonary metastases, are the basic elements of a sound prognosis. The systematic removal of the internal and external mammary node chains in the surgical cases are indispensable to complete the clinical data. So defined the stage of the disease at the time of the first treatment is by far the most important factor in assessing the prognosis. Concerning the treatment, we have obtained better results with surgery associated with radiotherapy than with surgery alone. Therefore in early cases, that is to say cancer confined to the breast, we feel justified to apply conservative surgery associated with radiotherapy. PMID- 1114875 TI - [Use of lande-edwards membrane oxygenators as artificial lungs]. AB - Lande-Edwards membrane oxygenators were tested as artificial lungs in 6 dogs: the right heart directly perfused the oxygenators during an apneusis of one hour. During such a pulmonary by-pass right ventricular pressure doubles compared to initial value, with a moderate decrease in cardiac output; mean PO-2 rises from 40 to 67 mm Hg and PCO-2 decreases from 54 to 49 mm Hg through the oxygenator. PMID- 1114876 TI - [Acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery]. PMID- 1114877 TI - [On frozen vena saphena magna as an allograft in peripheral vascular surgery. Report of a case]. AB - The case of a 75 year old white male, with severe ischemia of the left lower limb and gangrene of its fifth digit, is presented. Because of early post-operative thrombosis after insertion of an autogenous composite femoro-popliteal venous by pass graft and recurrence of symptoms, a fresh frozen human varicose vein allograft procedure was performed. A pseudo-aneurism which occurred along the graft on the 13th postoperative day was successfully treated by segmental excision with "end-to-end" reconstruction of the allograft itself. This was followed by plastic reconstruction of his foot with primary healing and complete disappearance of symptoms. The patient is now eight months post- op with excellent functional result. Only twenty two similar cases were gathered from the literature. All problems associated with allograft transplantation of fresh and frozen veins are discussed. This case further supports the facts that bloodgroup incompatibility is not a major problem and that reinterventions on such grafts are feasable. PMID- 1114878 TI - A reassessment of the distribution of multiple sclerosis. AB - As difined in the first part of these papers, the distribution of MS does not really correlate well with broad geoclimatic factors. Specifically there is little evidence for a direct correlation with latitude, and such correlations, to be meaningful, need to consider longitude as well. At latitude 40 degrees north, for example, MS is high frequency in America, medium in Europe, and low in Asia. Accordingly the world-wide distribution of MS is best regarded as comprising three bands or zones of high medium, and low risk or frequency as delineated here. All the high and medium regions are at present found in Europe or in areas colonized by Europeans. It seems likely then that MS originated in western Europe and has spread from there to the United States and Canada as well as to New Zealand and Australia. The disorder may well have "taken" also in South Africa and Hawaii, but at considerably lower levels. Further attention to the character and timing of the depresion of this disease may well provide clues vital to determining its cause. PMID- 1114879 TI - Palmar hyperhidrosis. Long-term results following high thoracic sympathectomy. AB - Fourteen men and 22 wemon, with an average of 23 years (range 14-36 years) were operated on for hyperhidrosis of the upper extremity during the period from 1955 to 1970. Twenty-eight had had symptoms for more than 10 years. Resection of the 2nd and 3rd thoracic ganglia and the connecting sympathetic chain was carried out using a posterior approach; in 33 cases the operation was bilateral, and in three unilateral. Thirty-five patients were followed up after an average of 7.8 years (range 2-17 years). In one patient unilateral reoperation was carried out four months after the first operation. Since the first operation 34 patients had suffered from neither palmar nor axillary sweating. However 20 had permanent compensatory hyperhidrosis, and 15 suffered from gustatory facial sweating, which had usually started within six months of operation. Four, in whom two spinal thoracic nerves had also been resected, reported marked dysaesthesia over the front of the chest and in the axilla, lasting for several years. PMID- 1114880 TI - Studies on the clustering of multiple sclerosis in Finland I: Comparison between the domiciles and places of birth in selected subpopulations. AB - Further studies pm yjr rofr,op;phu pg ,i;yo;r dv;rtpdod (MS) IN Finland were carried out in three different types of geographical unit: in counties, combined clerical districts, and single clerical district. For longitudinal studies, the prevalence of MS by present domicile was compared to that by place of birth, and also to the number of MS cases in relation to the number of births. The analysis was based on 1,866 living MS patients. The highest prevalence by present domicile was recorded in the southwestern county of Turku and Pori (52.3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). It was 39.6 for the whole country. Two separate clusters were found at the level of combined and single clerical districts: one in the western county of Vaasa, and another in the southwestern county of Turku and Pori. The highest prevalences by present comicile were found in two clerical districts of Vaasa (83.5 and 79.7). They also had very high prevalences by place of birth. They lie close to each other, but are not immediate neighbours. Another high-risk focus was revealed in an area of the neighbouring districts of Turku and Pori. In fact, the two highest prevalences by place of birth were found in this region (123.1 and 95.0). The focus extended from the coastal area to the more central region of the county, and further to the western districts of the otherwise medium-risk county of Hme. Thus, two separate foci were found in Finland: one in the western and another in the southwestern part of the country. The clustering became even more pronounced when the prevalences by place of birth were analysed. Considering that the Finnish population still largely originates from genetic isolates of varying degrees, gene enrichment explains the clustering at least partly. PMID- 1114881 TI - Preservation of peripheral nerve function in severe uremia during treatment with low protein high calorie diet and surplus of essential amino acids. AB - Twelve patients with severe chronic renal failure (serum creatinine 7.0-27 mg %), and marked uremic symptoms on a 40 g protein diet, were treated with a caloric rich diet containing 16-20 g protein, supplemented with the 8 essential amino acids (1.1-2.2 g N) and histidine (0.23-0.45 g N)in the form of tablets for periods between 3 and 34 months. During the treatment the serum urea-N fell, and the uremic symptoms subsided or diminished without the patient exhibiting signs of malnutrition. The nerve function was followed with quantitative and semiquantitative neurological tests (among others, determination of vibratory perception thresholds and nerve conduction times). Initially all patients but 2 had signs of neuropathy as measured by these methods. During the course of treatment no deterioration of peripheral nerve function was recorded in any of the patients, several of whom had had serum creatinine conceptrations above 15 mg % for long periods. We conclude that conservative treatment with N-poor diet in far advanced chronic renal failure may prevent the further development of peripheral neuropathy provided that adequatecaloried and essential amino acids (2 3 times the minimal requirements) are supplied. The results suggest that, in addition to uremic toxines, malnutrition is a factor of importance for the developments of of uremic neuropathy. PMID- 1114882 TI - The effect on fertility of ligation of the left spermatic vein in men without clinical signs of varicocele. PMID- 1114883 TI - Phospholipids in amniotic fluid. II. Lecithin fatty acid patterns related to gestation, maternal disease and fetal outcome. PMID- 1114884 TI - Short term changes in stillbirth rates in Sweden, 1965-1971. PMID- 1114885 TI - The diagnostic value of renography in suspected obstruction of the urinary tract during pregnancy. PMID- 1114886 TI - Location of the missing intra-uterine contraceptive device. Examination by ultrasound B-technique and the Beolocator method. PMID- 1114887 TI - Paracervical block in obstetrics. An improved injection method. A clinical and radiological study. PMID- 1114888 TI - Case report: Cervical pregnancy. PMID- 1114889 TI - Gastric aspirate analysis in the newborn. AB - The value of gastric aspirate analysis in screening for perinatal infection is disputed. We have studied the cellularity and bacterial content of 231 aspirates from 105 normal, infected and asphyxiated infants, with the following conclusions: (1) A positive culture has no pathological significance. (2). Aspirate cellularity does not correlate with bacterial culture results. (3) An excess of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) in aspirates collected at birth is a pathological but non-specific stress response. (4) After birth there is a physiological rise and fall in the aspirate PMNL content parallel to that in the peripheral blood. Aspirate cellularity and bacterial culture are therefore of limited value in the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia. PMID- 1114890 TI - Blood glucose and plasma insulin and glucagon response during intravenous glucose tolerance test in newborn infants affected by erythroblastosis foetalis. AB - Intravenous glucose injection (1 g/kg b.w.) was performed in eight newborn infants affected by erythroblastosis foetalis (IEF) and in seven controls during the first day of life in order to study insulin and glucagon response. The IEF infants were affected by mild or moderate hemolytic disease and their blood glucose values and plasma insulin concentrations before and throughout the test did not differ significantly from those of the controls. After the glucose injection the plasma glucagon concentrations showed great variations in both groups. The control infants did not show any significant changes; in the IEF infants, significant decreases were seen at 3 and 20 min of the test. These data seem to indicate that the alpha-cell sensitivity to glucose is greater in IEF than in normal infants and is not dependent on the development of the glucose mediated insulin release mechanism. PMID- 1114891 TI - Biochemical diagnosis of cystinosis using leukocytes. AB - A simple method for the biochemical diagnosis of cystinosis involves incubating leukocytes from a small volume of blood with 35S-cystine. Non-protein 35S labelled compounds are then extracted from the leucocytes and separated by thin layer chromatography. The excessive incorporation of 35S-cystine into the increased cystine pool of cystine cells is easily detected in autoradiographs of the chromatograms. PMID- 1114892 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. A fatal case in a girl with no other heart disease. AB - A fatal case of the pre-excitation syndrome in a 3 10/12 years old girl with no other heart disease is presented. Her death is thought to be the consequence of ventricular fibrillation. This observation is in contrast to the reported benign course in infants and children with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome without other heart disease. PMID- 1114893 TI - Letter: Adrenal hypoplasia in a newborn infant. PMID- 1114894 TI - Oxidation of glucose and D-B-OH-butyrate by the early human fetal brain. AB - The isolated brains of 12 previable human fetuses obtained at 12 to 21 weeks' gestation, were perfused through the interval carotid artery with glucose (3 mM) and/or DL-B-OH-butyrate (DL-BOHB), 4.5 MM, plus tracer quantities of either glucose-6-14C (G6-14C) or beta-OH-butyrate-3-14C (BOHB3-14C). Oxidative metabolism was demonstrated by serial collection of gaseous 14CO2 from the closed perfusion system, and from the recirculating medium. Glucose and BOHB were utilized at physiological rates as indicated (mean plus or minus SEM): G6-14C at 0.10 plus or minus 0.01 mumoles/min g brain (n equal 7) or 17.5 plus or minus 1.9 mumoles/min kg fetus; and BOHB3-14C at 0.16 plus or minus 0.05 mumoles/min g (n equal to 5) or 27.3 plus or minus 7.4 mumoles/min kg. Based on fetal weight, glucose metabolism by brain apparently accounted for about 1/3 of basal glucose utilization in the fetus. On a molar basis BOHB3-14C was taken up at 1.47 times the rate of G6-14C. Both BOHB3-14C and G6 14C were converted to 14CO2. The rate of BOHB3-14C conversion to 14CO2 was equal to its rate of consumption, and exceeded the conversion of glucose to CO2 because 45% of the G6-14C was incorporated into lactate-14C. Accordingly, both substrates support oxidative metabolism by brain; and BOHB is a major potential alternate fuel which can replace glucose early in human development. PMID- 1114895 TI - Value of brain scanning in pediatric subdural collections. AB - Piepsz, A., Bormans, J., Segers, A., Noterman, J. and Decostre, P. (Departments of Paediatrics, Radioisotopes and Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium). Value of brain scanning in pediatric subdural collections. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:2, 1965. Eighteen children with subdural collections were submitted to brain scintigraphy. By this method, idopathic and post-traumatic hematomas were detected in 40% of the cases, and subdural effusions in 70% of the cases. No false-negative results were noted in the 3 cases of empyema. Several false-positive images were recorded, most of them following purulent meningitis, without any satisfactory explanation. Neither the technique of scintigraphy used in the department, the dimensions of the skull, the age of hematoma, nor the presence of membranes seemed to affect the accuracy of the method. Compared with the other easily performed examinations (eye fundus, EEG, Echo), scintigraphy still remains important in the diagnosis of subdural collections in children. PMID- 1114896 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of methylmalonic aciduria. AB - Prenatal diagnosis using amniocentesis was sought in two midtrimester pregnancies, each at risk for a different type of inherited methylmalonic aciduria. In one pregnancy a normal fetus was diagnosed from studies of cultured amniotic fluid cells and the diagnosis confirmed after the baby was born. In the second pregnancy a fetus with a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase apo enzyme defect was found. The diagnosis was based on cultured cell studies and supported by an elevation of methylmalonate in both amniotic fluid and maternal urine. Confirmatory studies were obtained using cultured cells from the aborted fetus. At the present time, assays of cultured amniotic fluid cells are imperative for firm diagnosis. With more experience, quantities of amniotic fluid and maternal urine methylmalonate may prove sufficient if differentiation among the various types of methylmalonic aciduria is not required. PMID- 1114897 TI - Method for determination of pulmonary gas exchange in connection with birth. AB - An apparatus built on the "open" system for determination of pulmonary gas exchange in the newborn infant after birth is described. At four-minute intervals diluted expired air (5-7 1/min) was collected in bags. The oxygen and carbon dioxide fraction in the bags were analysed with a Nyons Diaferometer (working on the principle of thermoconductivity). In calibration experiments using a gas mixing technique a high degree of linearity was found, both in the determination of the fraction of oxygen and carbon dioxide (r equal to 0.9996). Reproducibility from duplicate readings was also good (for oxygen determination 0.9% and for carbon dioxide determination 0.8%). Duplicate determinations performed on infants with the same degree of motor activity resulted in an estimated error of the method of 5.8% for VO2 and 7.8% for VCO2 respectively. A metabolic chamber was used to control environmental temperature. The air temperature and wall temperature in the chamber were regulated by water from a thermostatically controlled waterbath and were kept equal within 0.5 degrees C. As the method for determination of the fraction of oxygen and carbon dioxide is not specific, other gaseous materials exhaled by the infants influence the measurements and nitrous oxide was found to interfere with the determinations, and made VO2 and VCO2 determinations in these patients impossible. Experience from more than 50 investigations on newborn infants has shown that the method is well suited to this particular type of study. PMID- 1114898 TI - Lung expansion and the formation of the alveolar lining layer in the fullterm newborn rabbit. AB - Light and electron microscopic studies of lungs from fullterm newborn rabbits, 0 24 hours after birth, revealed a patchy alveolar air expansion during the first few hours of extra-uterine life. Fairly uniform aeration of alveoli was noted 6 24 hours after birth but minor "unexpanded" areas were still present after 24 hours. In the fetal pulmonary fluid as well as in the alveolar lining layer formed after the onset of breathing there are multiple large phospholipid complexes, and a discontinuous multilamellar surface film can be demonstrated in some alveoli from 2 hours after birth. Apparently, the neonatal adaptation of the rabbit lung is a protracted process, not even complete at the age of 24 hours. PMID- 1114899 TI - Electrical polarization of rectal mucosa and excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone in patients with cystic fibrosis of pancreas and in normal subjects. AB - The electrical potential difference (PD) across the rectal wall was measured in 26 patients with cystic fibrosis of pancreas (CFP) and in 18 healthy subjects. The PDs obtained in normal children were identical to those previously obtained in normal adults. A significantly greater dispersion of the values was observed in CFP. When the patients were divided into groups according to metachromasia in fibroblast cultures, the mean PD was increased only in the ametachromatic group. True enough, this observation suggests a difference between various forms of CFP, distinguished by metachromasia, and thus is a further indication of the heterogeneity of the disease. The greater abnormalities in metachromasia negative patients may, however, be due solely to the fact that these patients are more severely affected by the disease. The urinary excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone in patients was within the ranges obtained in controls, which excludes the possibility of secondary hyperaldosteronism as the source of increased PD. No evidence was provided in favour of a basic defect in the intestinal transport of Na+ or Cl minus, but K+ concentrations in faecal fluids of patients were significantly lower than in controls. The equilibrium concentration of K+ could be accounted for by simple passive diffusion, suggesting that the epithelium behaved inertly with respect to this ion in CFP. PMID- 1114900 TI - Single injection polyfructosan clearance in normal and asphyxiated neonates. AB - The postnatal development of the glomerular filtration rate in 36 neonates has been evaluated by the single injection polyfructosan clearance method (GFRPfr) by studies performed at 0-1, 2-4 and 5-7 weeks of postnatal age. During the first weeks of life there is a rapid postnatal increase of GFRPfr of almost the same magnitude in term and preterm healthy infants. Thus the postnatal development of glomerular filtration rate is more closely related to extra-uterine excretory needs than to the maturatinal stage and gestational age at birth. In the asphyxiated neonates studied the GFRPfr was significantly lowered in the immediate postasphyxial stage while the infants were still hypoxemic. However the postnatal rise of GFRPfr in the time period following the postasphyxial stage was of the same order as in the non-asphyxiated healthy neonates. PMID- 1114901 TI - [Condensation of meso-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine with alkyl-and arylmalonic acid chlorides]. PMID- 1114902 TI - [Effects of Co-60 gamma irradiation on chloramphenicol succinate monosodium salt]. PMID- 1114903 TI - [Studies on radiolysis of colistin sulfate]. PMID- 1114905 TI - [Delayed-action tablets prepared from plant mucus]. PMID- 1114904 TI - [Toxicity of berberine sulfate]. PMID- 1114906 TI - [Separation of some derivatives of tetracycline and 5-hydroxytetracycline by thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 1114907 TI - Letter: On the reaction of ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate with cyanoacetic acid hydrazide--a novel rearrangement of 1-aminopyridine derivatives. PMID- 1114908 TI - [Synthesis of some derivatives of 2-methyl-4-(2',2',6'-trimethyl-cyclohexyl) butane-1-carboxylic acid]. PMID- 1114909 TI - [Synthesis of hydrazinoamines with potential tuberculostatic action. X. Catalytic hydrogenation of 2-cyanoethylhydrazone of acetone]. PMID- 1114910 TI - [Synthesis of N-alkoxymethyl derivatives of isatin]. PMID- 1114911 TI - [Preparation of some tetracycline derivatives of methyl-6-amino-6,8-dideoxy-1 thio-D-erythro-alpha-D-galacto-octopyranoside]. PMID- 1114912 TI - [Semisynthetic penicillins. XIV. Direct preparation of carbenicillin (alpha carboxybenzylpenicillin) from penicillin G]. PMID- 1114913 TI - [Synthesis of 4-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-thiosemicarbazones of some aromatic aldehydes]. PMID- 1114914 TI - [Photochemistry of photodynamic compounds. III. Spectrophotometric studies of the photolysis of sulfanilamides (sulfanilamide, sulfacetamide, sodium sulfacetamide) in aqueous solutions]. PMID- 1114915 TI - [Fractionation of barium sulfate used in X-ray medical diagnosis. I. Effect of ultrasonic waves on the particle size of barium sulfate suspensions in water]. PMID- 1114916 TI - [Chromatographic studies of compounds containing carbonyl groups. II. Cyclohexanone derivatives with oxygen functional groups in the side chain]. PMID- 1114917 TI - [Synthesis of some 8-aminomethyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine derivatives]. PMID- 1114918 TI - [Complex rhodanate salts as precipitating reagents for assaying organic bases. III. Use of potassium hexarhodanochromate for the determination of imipramine and some other dibenzoazepine derivatives]. PMID- 1114919 TI - [Indirect micromethods for the determination of aryl- and diarylhydroxyacetic acid derivatives by UV spectrophotometry. II. The determination of 5,5-diphenyl-2 (2'-piperydylethyl)-1,3-dioxolanone-4]. PMID- 1114920 TI - [Selection of bases for antibiotic-containing suppositories. III. Study of biological availability of antibiotics in some suppository bases]. PMID- 1114921 TI - [In vitro release of vitamin A from different ointment bases. Methods of research]. PMID- 1114922 TI - A social psychiatric investigation of a rural district in Northern Norway: a preliminary communication. AB - The psychiatric morbidity of Berlevaag in Northern Norway (71 degrees North) was studied in 1944 by Bremer. A follow-up and a re-examination of the persons in the community was initiated in 1972. Preliminary data suggest that the prevalence of psychoses is practically the same in 1973 as in 1944. Various registers have provided a fairly complete count of psychoses even before the onset of an intensive field study. Only a minor part of the non-psychotic psychiatric disorders appears to have been identified. PMID- 1114923 TI - Incidence of depressive syndromes in a Danish county. The Aarhus County investigation. AB - On the basis of a material from a cumulative registration of the psychiatric morbidity in a geographically delimited population group - the County of Aarhus with approximately 175,000 inhabitants over the age of 15 years - the frequency of depressive syndromes in psychiatric and other medical services was investigated. The material fulfils the following criteria: During the calendar years 1960 to 1964, the patients 1) were residents in the County of Aarhus, 2) had attained the age of 15 years or more, 3) had contacted at least one of the services which systematically sent information to the psychiatric register; and 4) based on an evaluation of all available data, had a main diagnosis of manic depressive psychosis, psychogenic depression or neurotic depression. An average yearly registration rate of 1.30 per 1,000 men and 3.28 per 1,000 women was found (males: manic-depressive psychosis 0.60, psychogenic depression 0.23 and neurotic depression 0.47; females: manic-depressive psychosis 1.00, psychogenic depression 0.88 and neurotic depression 1.40). The three diagnostic groups show differences in age distribution, geographical pattern and distribution by marital status. PMID- 1114924 TI - A psychiatric-psychological study of XYY males found in a general male population. AB - The psychological test results of five XYY males from in a population study showed an intellectual level within the normal range but with a mean full scale IQ and educational level lower than expected. The cognitive as well as emotional function was characterized by immaturity, manifested in passivity, unreflectiveness and emotional liability, in three resulting in uncontrolled aggressive outbursts. Conflict material also appeared immaturely resolved, centering around unfulfilled needs of contact and insecure masculine identification. The defense mechanisms used were generally rather weak, but only in one subject did the anxiety level seem to be excessively low. All five males differed to a certain extent from their siblings; three of them were hyperactive, restless, hot-tempered and impulsive at school and four of them had difficulties at school. Three learned a trade, but only one stayed in his trade, and one was applying for disablement pension on account of personality deviation. Two of the five had a criminal record. It is concluded that the presence and degree of the above-mentioned characteristics of XYY males varied. It is evident that environmental factors play as great a role for the development of personality and behaviour in males with karyotype 47, XYY as in males with a normal chromosome constitution. PMID- 1114925 TI - Depression: influence on time estimation and time experiments. AB - Time studies are partly concerned with time estimation partly with time experience. In a study of depression both principles were applied. Depression did not influence time estimation, but, on the other hand, the patients did report a slowing down of time (change in time experience). An item analysis of Beck's and Hamilton's rating scales showed that the disturbance in time experience accompanies items referring mainly to mood changes, only to a small extent to somatic symptoms, and not at all to changes in the psychomotor activity. PMID- 1114926 TI - Empirical investigations on the reliability and the value for differential diagnosis of 21 clinical symptoms of disturbed states of consciousness. AB - Two groups of patients in disturbed states of consciousness (DSC's) were compared with three groups of patients in clear states of consciousness (CSC's): demented, schizophrenic, and non-psychotic patients. In each of the groups, 15 patients were evaluated for 21 "objective" symptoms; each patient was evaluated by two psychiatrists. In this way, reliable symptoms were sought out which could discriminate: 1) elderly patients in DSC's from elderly demented but clear patients; and 2) schizophrenic patients from patients in DSC's caused by either withdrawal states after abuse of alcohol or barbiturates, or psychogenic psychoses. Reliable and discriminating symptoms were found. However, different symptoms discriminated when patients in different diagnostic groups were compared. Three kinds of discriminating values of a symptom may be distinguished from one another: 1) only the presence of a symptom is informative; 2) only its absence is informative; 3) both presence and absence of the symptom are informative. PMID- 1114927 TI - Plasmid dependent impermeability barrier to cadmium ions in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The nature of plasmid born resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to cadmium ions has been investigated. Plasmid harbouring strain was significantly more resistant than its plasmid negative variant, both in growth tests and in manometric experiments. Radioisotopic studies have revealed that the resistant organism did not take up 115mCdCl2 at concentrations 10-4M--10-6M, which were also harmless to its respiration. In contrast to this, plasmid negative variant was permeable to all concentrations used (10-3M--10-6M), and the uptake of 115mCd2+ ions always resulted in inhibition of respiration. These findings suggest that the cadmium resistance could be due to the impermeability barrier controlled by plasmid genes. This barrier, however, could be broken through, since at 10-3M some marked uptake of radioactive cadmium by resistant strain was observed, which was accompanied by partial inhibition of respiration. Binding of Cd2+ ions to the sensitive cells was irreversible and temperature dependent (took place at 37 degrees, but did not occur at 2-4 degrees). The bound molecules could not be removed either by extensive washing with water or by cysteine treatment, although cells pretreated with this amino acid were protected against the uptake of 115mCdCl2. PMID- 1114928 TI - The 11alpha and 17alpha-progesterone hydroxylases of Rhizopus nigricans NRRL 1477. AB - Differential induction of cultures of Rhizopus nigricans indicated that hydroxylation of progesterone at the 11alpha- and 17alpha-positions is due to two separate enzymes. This is supported by the finding that 11alpha- and 17alpha hydroxylating activities are separated by differential centrigufation of cell free extracts. The feasibility of introducing a hydroxyl group at the 11alpha- or 17alpha-position of hydroxylated progesterone derivatives was tested. PMID- 1114929 TI - A program of eccentric-concentric strength training. PMID- 1114930 TI - Use of the Leighton flexometer in the development of a short flexibility test battery. PMID- 1114931 TI - Thermal applications as a determiner of joint flexibility. PMID- 1114932 TI - Rehabilitation in extremity fractures. AB - General principles in the rehabilitation of a patient with an extremity fracture include: treat the patient, not the x-ray; move all joints not immobilized; prevent disuse atrophy; use gravity to assist in mobilizing a joint; stabilize proximal joints to avoid reverse action of biarticular muscles; permit early protected weight bearing until adequate joint mobility is achieved; appropriately instruct the patient in a home program, and avoid all stretching. PMID- 1114933 TI - Current transfusion practices. AB - Utilization of packed red blood cells (PRBC) and plasma components individually or in combination allows replacement of the precise blood element needed, while avoiding some of the potential hazards of whole blood transfusions. Transfusion of PRBC, rather than whole blood, reduces the risk of circulatory overload and nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Frozen PRBC essentially eliminate leukocyte or platelet sensitization and transmission of hepatitis is extremely rare. PMID- 1114934 TI - Reye's syndrome. AB - Although frequently unrecognized, Reye's syndrome is a significant cause of serious illness and death in children. Erroneous diagnoses include gastroenteritis, meningoencephalitis, metabolic encephalopathy, drug overdose and primary psychiatric disease. No specific cure is known but early diagnosis and vigorous empirical treatment may increase chances of survival. Although the EEG may be a useful tool in prognosis, it cannot be relied upon in deciding when to initiate or abandon aggressive therapy. PMID- 1114935 TI - Infantile obesity. PMID- 1114936 TI - The irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 1114938 TI - Editorial: MAC. PMID- 1114937 TI - Drugs of choice for atrial tachycardia. PMID- 1114939 TI - Editorial: Two examinations? PMID- 1114940 TI - Outpatient anorectal surgery. AB - Fulguration of polyps, rectal biopsy and the Barron method of removing hemorrhoids require no anesthesia. Anal fissures, warts, small fistulas and hemorrhoids can be removed with a minimal amount of anesthesia. Pilonidal cysts or abscesses can also be incised and drained in this manner. Extensive fistulas, unusually large hemorrhoids with generalized prolapse of mucosa and disorders involving poor-risk patients should be managed in the hospital. PMID- 1114941 TI - Hemodynamic changes during ventricular pacing in patients with complete heart block and aortic and mitral valvular heart disease. AB - Increasing the heart rate to near normal in patients with complete heart block (CHB) and slow ventricular rates may lead to greater improvement in ventricular function than when the heart rate is increased from normal to more rapid heart rates. Improvement in ventricular function is usually manifested by a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and volume and by an increase in contractility. In patients with both CHB and valvular heart disease improvement in ventricular function during pacing may be modified by the nature of the valvular disease. Hemodynamic data from six patients with both valvular heart disease and CHB were compared with those from ten patients with CHB and normal cardiac valves. Hemodynamic studies were performed at slow or idioventricular rates and again after increasing the heart rate to more nearly normal levels by ventricular pacing. When obstruction to left ventricular inflow (mitral stenosis) co-existed with CHB, increasing the heart rate resulted in a reduction of an elevated LVEDP to normal. This resulted in only a small increase in left atrial pressure in spite of a striking increase in the mean left atrial-ventricular gradient. When obstruction to left ventricular outflow prevailed (aortic stenosis), improvement in cardiac function was manifested mainly by a decrease in LVEDP and was accompanied by a decrease in left ventricular stroke work. When a large regurgitant volume (aortic insufficiency) was added to a ventricle which has enlarged subsequent to CHB, there was striking elevation in ventricular filling pressures which returned to more nearly normal levels when the heart rate was increased. This was accompanied by a reduction in regurgitant stroke volume in the patient in whom it was measured. Thus, an increase in heart rate may be especially beneficial to those patients with CHB who also have valvular lesions which contribute to an increase in LVEDP and end-diastolic volume. Careful hemodynamic evaluation is helpful in determining appropriate therapy in these patients. PMID- 1114942 TI - Preclinical abnormality of left ventricular function in diabetes mellitus. AB - Abnormal cardiac muscle function has been reported in experimental diabetes mellitus from this laboratory. To examine left ventricular performance in diabetic patients without clinical evidence of myocardial ischemia or other cardiovascular disease, a noninvasive measurement of the systolic time intervals was carried out. Simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, heart sounds, and carotid pulse were made in 25 diabetic subjects, 20 to 56 years of age, and compared with 37 normal subjects. The diabetic subjects had a shorter left ventricular ejection time, longer pre-ejection period, and a higher ratio of pre ejection period/left ventricular ejection time (P less than 0.001). The isovolumic time was prolonged (P less than 0.001), while heart rate and arterial pressure were within normal limits. Abnormal function was independent of apparent duration and treatment by diet alone, insulin, or hypoglycemic agents. On the basis of available morphologic data in human and canine diabetes, an alteration of the myocardial interstitium may be the basis for this preclinical abnormality in diabetic patients. PMID- 1114943 TI - Determination of zero reference level for left atrial pressure by echocardiography. AB - This study compares the anterior chest wall to mid-left atrial distance (D) determined by echocardiography with three standard cardiac zero reference levels (ZRL); 5 cm. from the sternal angle, (2) 10 cm. from the back, (3) midchest. Echocardiography was performed on 50 subjects (16 normal subjects and 34 subjects with heart disease). Chest wall, aortic root, and left atrial echoes were obtained to measure D. The AP diameter of the chest (L) was measured using calipers. Thus, ZRL (2) equals (L-10) cm. from the front of the chest and ARL (3) equals L/2, respectively. The difference between the mean of D and ZRL 1, ZRL 2, and ZRL 3 is o8 c.m, -0.9 cm., and -0.5 cm., respectively. CONCLUSIONS: (a) ZRL (1) is consistently in error; in 17 patients the difference was greater than 5.4 cm.; (b) there is no significant difference between D and ZRL (2) or ZRL (3), and hence they are valid reference systems, and (c) echocardiography can be used to accurately determine the zero reference level for left atrial pressure measurements. PMID- 1114944 TI - Diagnostic importance of aortography in conal ventricular-septal defect. PMID- 1114945 TI - Immediate cardiac response to exercise: physiologic investigation by systolic time intervals at graded work loads. AB - Immediate cardiac responses to exercise were investigated in five normal male volunteer subjects by measuring heart rate and systolic intervals from rest through the onset of exertion at three different work loads. Recordings were continued for fifty beats and again at one minute with measurements plotted on a beat-to-beat basis and grouped for statistical analysis. During exercise, heart rate and corrected ejection time increased, pre-ejection period and PEP/LVET decreased, and pulse transmission time remained stable. The heart rate acceleration was sudden, occurring in the first few beats of exercise, a phenomenon also demonstrated by previous investigators. A significant new finding was the equally abrupt major change in each of the other parameters. The immediacy of all responses was independent of load and was consistent with experimental studies showing that changes in both neural activity and venous return at the onset of exercise are virtually instantaneous. PMID- 1114946 TI - Normal variations in tricuspid valve attachments to the membranous ventricular septum: a clue to the etiology of left ventricle-to-right atrial communication. AB - In 39 out of 95 normal specimens, there was either no commissure between the anterior and medial leaflets of the tricuspid valve, which resulted in an interrupted valve margin at the center of the membranous ventricular septum, or an incompletely formed commissure. It is suggested that one end of this spectrum of normal anatomic variations could have a direct relationship to VSD associated with left ventricle-to-right atrial communication. PMID- 1114947 TI - Late hemodynamic results of fascia lata reconstruction of the right ventricular outlet. AB - Eight patients were catheterized between 1.2 and 2.4 years after reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract with autologous fascia lata. Whereas the immediate post-bypass pressures had demonstrated a maximum gradient of 15 mm. Hg across the fascial valve at the time of recatheterization, this varied from 55 to 142 mm. Hg (mean 83 mm. Hg). Right ventricular systolic pressure varied between 80 and 160mm. Hg (mean 106 mm. Hg). All but one patient had clinical evidence of pulmonary incompetence. Selective angiography with injection into the right ventricle and pulmonary artery demonstrated shrunken, thickened, immobile valve cusps with an abrupt stenosis of the fascial tube or a diaphragm across it. Re operation has been done in five patients. In each, the graft tube functioned satisfactorily, but at the site of the "valve," no leaflets were visible, and the orifice of the conduit narrowed abruptly to 6 to 10 mm. in diameter. It is concluded that autologous fascia lata is unsuitable for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. PMID- 1114948 TI - Interrelationships between external potassium concentration and lidocaine: effects on canine Purkinje fiber. PMID- 1114949 TI - Sustained accelerated idioventricular rhythm. AB - A 73-year-old white man became easily fatigued and hypotensive six weeks after a documented acute inferior myocardial infarction. Continuous ECG monitoring showed a sustained tachycardia with a right bundle branch block pattern. A His bundle electrogram showed no His deflection prior to ventricular activation. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous procaine amide resulting in reversion to sinus rhythm, loss of symptoms, and return of blood pressure to normal levels. The unique aspects of this case and therapeutic considerations in the management of this problem are discussed. PMID- 1114950 TI - Myocardial infarction in the newborn: a case report complicated by cardiogenic shock and associated with normal coronary arteries. AB - Fatal myocardial infarction occurring in a neonate is reported. The patient presented with a clinical picture of cardiogenic shock simulating a hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Etiology of the myocardial infarction is uncertain for the coronary arteries were patent, anatomically and histologically normal, and there was no significant associated cardiac defect. The possible etiologies in relationship to myocardial infarction in the neonatal period are presented. PMID- 1114951 TI - Clinical pathologic conference. PMID- 1114952 TI - Electrophysiology and pharmacology of cardiac arrhythmias. III. The causes and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Part B. AB - Studies on the electrophysiologic mechanisms responsible for disturbances of cardiac rate, rhythm, and conduction, and studies on the actions and mechanisms of action of antiarrhythmic and other drugs, permit the development of an apparently reasonable approach to treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Some of the rules derived from an appreciation of cardiac electrophysiology are generally applicable. Others appear to require further testing. There are many discrepancies between what can be predicted or expected and what happens; these discrepancies result from many factors. It is likely that cardiac disease in humans has effects on the electrical activity of cardiac cells which have not been reproduced in the laboratory. It is likely, also, that disease modifies the response of cardiac cells to drugs in ways that have not yet been discovered. Nevertheless, some progress has been made and further experiment and thought may provide both better understanding and new and better therapeutic agents. PMID- 1114953 TI - Rubella-specific IgM antibody as an aid to the diagnosis of acquired and congenital rubella. PMID- 1114954 TI - Complications of coronary arteriography. PMID- 1114956 TI - The trabeculae carneae--a thought. PMID- 1114955 TI - The dangers of femoral artery puncture and catheterization. PMID- 1114957 TI - Letter: Experimental response curves. PMID- 1114958 TI - Calcific aortic insufficiency--a review of 26 patients. AB - Twenty-six patients, 8.3 per cent of all patients with aortic valve disease, and 10.7 per cent of all patients with any degree of aortic insufficiency detected in our catheterization laboratory, had pure calcific aortic insufficiency (no associated stenosis). Nineteen (73 per cent) males and seven (27 per cent) females ranged in age from 25 to 75 years of age (mean 51). Twenty-three per cent were younger than 40. Sixteen (62 per cent) had rheumatic heart disease, one had luetic aortic valve disease, one had congenital bicuspid valve, and eight (31 per cent) had aortic insufficiency of undetermined etiology. Twenty-three patients (89 per cent) had an aortic systolic ejection murmur, and seven (28 per cent) had an aortic ejection click. Aortic valve calcification was detected by plain chest films in only four patients (16 per cent), and by routine image intensification fluoroscopy (before catheterization) in fifteen patients (68 per cent). The reamining 32 per cent had the calcification of the aortic valve detected during catheterization. Aortic valve calcification was severe in nine patients (35 per cent), moderate in eleven patients (42 per cent), and minimal in six patients (22 per cent). Aortic insufficiency was severe in twenty patients (77 per cent), moderate in five patients (19 per cent), and minimal in one patient (4 per cent). Nineteen patients (77 per cent) had reduced left ventricular contractility. Sixteen patients (67 per cent) had low cardiac index. Eighteen patients had obstructive coronary artery disease. Aortic stenosis was misdiagnosed as the predominant lesion in fourteen patients (54 per cent)--prior to catheterization. This series demonstrates that all patients with calcified aortic valve disease and with ejection murmurs do not necessarily have aortic stenosis. Pure calcific aortic insufficiency is a distinct entity, more common than previously suspected. PMID- 1114959 TI - P-wave analysis in myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, and embolism. AB - In a retrospective study, the P-terminal force in Lead V1 (PTF-V1) was measured in three groups, each of 35 patients, with the respective diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction without pulmonary edema, acute pulmonary embolism, and acute pulmonary edema. In all but one of the patients with acute pulmonary edema, a highly negative PTF-V1 value was obtained, whereas by contrast, all the patients with pulmonary embolism had normal PTF-V1 values. Four of the patients with acute myocardial infarction had abnormal PTF-V1 values, although at the time there was no clinical or radiologic evidence of pulmonary edema. However, one of these patients did develop acute pulmonary edema a few hours later. Measurement of the PTF-V1 is a simple noninvasive test that may, therefore, be useful in separating patients with acute pulmonary embolism from those with acute or impending pulmonary edema. PMID- 1114960 TI - Correlation of "critical" left coronary artery lesions with positive submaximal exercise tests in patients with chest pain. AB - This study correlates the anatomic pathologic coronary anatomy found by arteriography in each of three groups of symptomatic patients, all with coronary artery disease, divided according to the magnitude of ST-segment depression after an adequate submaximal treadmill exercise test. Group I consists of 45 patients with ST-segement depression of 2 mm. or more, Group II of 31 patients with ST segment depression between 1.0 and 1.9 mm., and Group III, 30 patients with 0 to 0.9 mm. ST-segment depression. Seventy-five per cent of the patients in Group I had critical lesions defined as (1) 75 per cent or greater narrowing of left main coronary artery (LMCA), (2) 75 per cent or greater obstructive left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary artery both proximal to any major branching, the so-called left main equivalent (LME) lesions, and (3) 90 per cent or more obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary proximal to any major branches. Of patients in Group I, 24 PER CENT Had LMCA lesions, 29 per cent had LAD lesions. Eight-two per cent of Group I patients had two- or three-vessel disease. All patients with LMCA lesions had 2 mm. or more ST-segment depression. Over 95 per cent of patients with "critical" lesions is less than 5 per cent in the presence of an adequate aubmaximal treadmill test that shows less than 1 mm. of ST-segment depression, it is concluded that in such patients with medically controllable angina, coronary arteriography is not necessary. PMID- 1114961 TI - A His bundle electrocardiographic analysis of cardiac conduction in the pediatric and adolescent patient. AB - Bipolar electrode catheter recordings of His bundle electrograms with three simultaneously recorded surface electrocardiographic leads were obtained from 30 pediatric and adolescent patients (aged 3 to 18 years). In 14 patients, cardiac murmurs were proved to be innocent by cardiac catheterization. The control conduction intervals were compared to those of 13 patients with congenital heart disease, and three with acquired heart disease (myocardiopathy, rheumatic valvular disease, and Friedreich's ataxia). P-R, intra-atrial (P-A), A-V nodal (A H), and intraventricular (H-V) conduction intervals were measured to the nearest 5 msec. Conduction delays were analyzed in each of the three components of the P R interval. These delays occurred both in single components of the system as well as in combined conduction delays and were not always demonstrable by surface electrocardiograms. The Wenckebach phenomenon induced by atrial pacing was localized to the A-V node as well as the His-Purkinje system. This technique of intracardiac electrogram recordings is safe, does not significantly prolong cardiac atheterization time, and often yields unique and useful data concerning A V conduction. PMID- 1114962 TI - Altered myocardial oxygen consumption after coronary occlusion in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 1114963 TI - The high frequency electrocardiogram in coronary artery disease. AB - The high-frequency ECG clearly contains information not available in the conventional ECG. Patients with angina pectoris could not be identified as statistically different from the normal group based on notching, although isolated examples existed. MI, on the other hand manifested abnormal notch counts in the presence of absence of abnormal Q-waves. We were unable to correlate the treadmill exercise test or the site of the arterial lesion with the high frequency ECG. Pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 1114964 TI - Aneurysm formation: A late complication of venous by-pass grafting. PMID- 1114966 TI - Use of multiple-choice questions in testing. PMID- 1114965 TI - Primary chylopericardium: a review of the literature and an illustrated case. AB - A report of a case of chylous pericardium and a review of previously reported cases are given. The specific diagnosis can be made with pericardiocentesis and analysis of the fluid which is milky in appearance and contains fat droplets microscopically. Thoracic duct obstruction with failure of adequate collateral drainage and resultant reflux of chylous lymph through lymphatics draining the heart and pericardium is proposed as a mechanism of development of this entity. Thoracic duct ligation and partial pericardectomy remain the preferred treatment for chylopericardium. PMID- 1114967 TI - Development and management of extrapyramidal symptoms in hypertensive patients treated with diazoxide. PMID- 1114968 TI - A need for more care at home. PMID- 1114970 TI - Letter: Ambulatory ECG recording. PMID- 1114969 TI - Letter: Phentolamine and acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1114971 TI - Letter: Ventricular function curves. PMID- 1114972 TI - Editorial: What is the role of pulmonary embolectomy? PMID- 1114973 TI - Treatment of massive pulmonary embolism: the role of pulmonary embolectomy. PMID- 1114974 TI - Left-axis deviation: etiologic factors in one-hundred patients. AB - Clinical and electrocardiographic findings were analyzed in 100 consecutive cases of LAD. Below the age of forty years, LAD was uncommon, but its incidence increased continuously thereafter. The most frequent primary clinical diagnosis was arteriosclerotic heart disease. The functional mechanism producing LAD most often was LAHB, responsible in about 40 per cent. Approximately half the instances of LAHB were associated with old myocardial infarction of septal, anterior, or lateral regions, but half were seen in the absence of infarction or clinical coronary sclerosis and are presumed due to primary degenerative processes within these specialized conducting fibers. Approximately one-sixth of the instances of LAD were due to loss of inferior forces following inferior myocardial infarction. Typical left ventricular hypertrophy was a distinctly uncommon cause of LAD. Last, in 24 patients with LAD the mechanism or cause was not evident initially, of which two were subsequently shown to represent a very mild degree of LAHB. Also it is suggested that asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy of the anterior wall may account for some instances of LAD not otherwise explained. PMID- 1114975 TI - Pseudocoarctation or congenital kinking of the aorta: radiologic considerations. PMID- 1114976 TI - Transient ST-segment elevation with postmyocardial infarction angina: prognostic significance. AB - Fifty-seven patients with acute myocardial infarction were observed for early postmyocardial infarction angina and associated transient ST-segment changes. Nine patients had postinfarction angina with transient ST-segment elevation (group 1), seventeen patients had postinfarction angina with ST-segment depression or no ST-segment changes (Group 2), and 31 patients had no postinfarction angina (Group 3). The patients in Group 1 had a statistically significant increased incidence of early reinfarction and death, when compared with the other two groups, singly or combined. There was no significant difference in the incidence of reinfarction and death when Group 2 is compared with Group 3. Patients with transient ST-segment elevation associated with early postmyocardial infarction angina may be an appropriate group in whom to consider newer, more aggressive modes of postinfarction management. PMID- 1114977 TI - Sequence of repolarization on the ventricular surface in the dog. PMID- 1114978 TI - Blood levels of lidocaine after various infusion rates in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Blood levels of lidocaine were estimated following two different infusion rates in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Forty-one patients received lidocaine as a bolus injection of 75 mg. directly followed by an infusion. The infusion rate was, in 16 patients, 2 mg. per minute. Blood levels of lidocaine were determined at different times up to 180 minutes after the start of drug administration. The levels in the 2 mg. per minute group were lower than had been expected and the mean level plus or minus S.E. was, after three hours, only 1.1 mug per milliliter. Many of the 2 mg. per minute petients did not, during the time period observed, reach 1.2 mug per milliliter, which has been considered as the lowest effective therapeutic level. In the 4 mg. per minute group, mean level of lidocaine already at 15 minutes was significantly higher than in the 2 mg. per minute group (1,1 plus or minus 0.14 and 0.6 plus or minus 0.05, respectively; p less than 0.05). After three hours, the mean blood level in the 4 mg. per minute group was 2.6 mug per milliliter. Although the blood levels were not followed after three hours, a careful observation did not reveal any severe toxic effects in the 4 mg. per minute group during next 21 hours. In five cases, however, lidocaine side effects were probable. These symptoms disappeared rapidly after cessation of the infusion. In order to reach therapeutic blood levels of lidocaine within a reasonable time, the infusion rate of 4 mg. per minute is recommended at least for the first three hours. PMID- 1114979 TI - Correlation between segmental early relaxation of the left ventricular wall and coronary occlusive disease. AB - Fifty of 305 patients studied angiographically had segmental early relaxation phenomenon (SERP) of the anterolateral or apical left ventricular wall. Fourteen of the 50 patients had cardiac abnormality other than, or in addition to, coronary occlusive disease. Of the remaining 36 patients, 35 had significant lesions in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and one had occlusion of the proximal left circumflex artery. SERP was noted in 35 (37.2 per cent) of 94 patients with LAD disease who did not have severe anteroapical contraction abnormality. SERP was found in none of 49 patients who had neither significant coronary occlusive disease nor other cardiac abnormality. Eight patients were restudied after bypass grafting of the LAD. Three patients with patent grafts no longer demonstrated SERP. Five had persistent SERP, but four of these had occluded LAD grafts or nongrafted disease in other vessels supplying the anterolateral wall. Myocardial ischemia appears to be one cause, but probably not the only cause, of SERP. PMID- 1114980 TI - Vascular reactivity to norepinephrine and hemodynamic parameters in borderline hypertension. AB - Pressor response to norepinephrine, cardiopulmonary blood volume, and hemodynamic parameters were studied in 41 borderline hypertensive patients in comparison with 42 permanent essential hypertensive patients and 28 normal subjects. Borderline hypertensive subjects had high cardiac index (p less than 0.0001), normal total peripheral resistance, and low total blood volume (p less than 0.005). The ratio between cardiopulmonary blood volume (CPBV) and total blood volume (TBV) was significantly higher in comparison with normal subjects (p less than 0.01) and permanent hypertensive subjects subjects (p less than 0.0001). The pressor dose of norepinephrine was elevated (p less than 0.0001) and was directly correlated with the basal values of the cardiac output (p less than 0.005), the cardiopulmonary blood volume (p less than 0.001), and the CPBV/TBV ratio (p less than 0.01). None of these results was observed in permanent hypertensive subjects: the only significant result was a negative correlation between the pressor dose of norepinephrine and the basal diastolic arterial pressure (p less than 0.0001). This study provides evidence that the cardiac output elevation in borderline hypertensive subjects was related to increased venous return and enhanced sympathetic venous tone. PMID- 1114981 TI - Mechanism of immediate hemodynamic effects of chlorothiazide. AB - The mechanism of the immediate hemodynamic effects of intravenous chlorothiazide (25 mg. per kilogram) was studied in 22 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Within 20 minutes after administration, cardiac output and stroke volume significantly fell; this was associated with decreased central venous and left ventricular end diastolic pressures. That these hemodynamic effects were caused by, and dependent upon, volume loss through diuresis (eightfold increase in urine volume) was shown: by a return of these measurements to control levels when the volume loss (by diuresis) was corrected with 6 per cent Dextran; by prevention of the hemodynamic changes in chlorthiazide-treated dogs previously prepared with ureterocaval anastomosis; and by confirming these same hemodynamic effects by quantitatively equivalent hemorrhage. Thus, the immediate diuresis produced by chlorothiazide resulted in a contracted plasma volume (increased hematocrit and serum protein concentration) which, in turn, diminished cardiac venous return, central filling pressures, stroke volume, and cardiac output. There was no evidence demonstrated to indicate any direct myocardial effect or peripheral venodilation induced by thiazide. PMID- 1114982 TI - Cardiac effect of diuretic drugs. AB - Triamterene, amiloride, ethacrynic acid, and furosemide were studied to determine whether they modified the digitalis-induced egress of myocardial potassium which is thought to facilitate the development of digitalis arrhythmias. In a control group of 15 dogs, potassium was measured in samples obtained simultaneously from the femoral artery (FA) and the coronary sinus (CS) in a control period and at intervals after the administration of 1 mg. of acetylstrophanthidin. Acetylstrophanthidin caused a significant increase in cardiac A-V difference in the potassium concentration (CS-FA) averaging 0.47 mEq. per liter. In a group of 10 dogs, when 175 mg. of triamterene was infused prior to the acetylstrophanthidin, the rise in A-V differnece was abolished and the arrhythmias often aborted. In contrast, the infusion of potent diuretics (40 mg. of furosemide in five dogs and 100 mg. of ethacrynic acid in another five dogs) prior to acetylstrophanthidin, caused a doubling of the maximal A-V potassium difference. This study suggests that the clinical administration of antikaliuretic drugs may prevent the arrhythmias of digitalis toxicity not only by reducing kaliuresis and subsequent hypokalemia, but by a myocardial effect which antagonized the digitalis-induced loss of myocardial potassium. Contrariwise, potent diuretics may facilitate digitalis arrhythmias through a myocardial action causing a greater egress of myocardial potassium, thus explaining the development of arrhythmias despite normal serum potassium levels. These potent diuretics should be used cautiously, especially when given intravenously to patients receiving digitalis. PMID- 1114983 TI - Disorders of impulse conduction and impulse formation caused by hyperkalemia in man. AB - In eight patients we have demonstrated manifold types of impairment of impulse conduction produced by hyperkalemia. These abnormalities of impulse conduction occurred either simultaneously or in sequence, and were located in the atria, in the A-V junction, in the fascicular distribution of the ventricular conduction system, or in the free ventricular walls. In association with the abnormalities of conduction, abnormal impulse formation was also frequently observed as manifested by acceleration of normal pacemakers or the emergence of ectopic pacemakers. In one patient hyperkalemia produced alteration in sinus and A-V junctional impulse formation which overshadowed conduction disorders. In all of the eight cases the hyperkalemia was considered to be noniatrogenic. Hyperkalemia appears to potentiate subclinical conduction abnormalities, especially in the His Purkinje system. However, the presence of pre-existent intraventricular conduction defects such as a bifascicular block does not exclude the possibility that the site of an A-V conduction delay during hyperkalemia can be in the A-V node, as demonstrated by His bundle recording in one instance after development of second-degree (type I) A-V block. PMID- 1114984 TI - Clinical pathologic conference. PMID- 1114985 TI - Mexiletine. PMID- 1114986 TI - The detection of essential hypertension in childhood. PMID- 1114987 TI - Diffuse training programs. PMID- 1114988 TI - Letter: Partial cardiopulmonary bypass and pulmonary embolectomy. PMID- 1114989 TI - Letter: Propranolol in orthostatic tachycardia. PMID- 1114990 TI - Letter: Accelerated AV-conduction and complete A-V block. PMID- 1114991 TI - Letter: Mechanisms of heart sounds. PMID- 1114992 TI - First heart sound and ejection sounds. Echocardiographic and phonocardiographic correlation with valvular events. AB - To provide additional information on the relation of valvular events to the principal components of the first heart sound (s1), combined echocardiograms and phonocardiograms were recorded in 49 subjects, chosen because of audible splitting of S1 or a combination of S1 and an ejection sound. The subjects included 14 normal persons, 16 patients with a variety of predominantly right sided heart conditions, 7 with mitral stenosis, 3 with pulmonary stenosis and 9 with aortic valve disease or systemic hypertension. A precise relation was found between completion of closure of the atrioventricular (A-V) valves manifested in the echocardiogram and the high-frequency components of S1 (M1 and T1). The average time from the Q wave of the electrocardiogram to M1 was 0.06 plus or minus 0.003 second and the Q-T1 interval was 0.09 plus or minus 0.002 second. In mitral stenosis the Q-M1 interval was delayed to 0.10 plus or minus 0.005 second, resulting in some instances in reversed splitting of S1. In pulmonary stenosis, the ejection sound occurred 0.10 plus or minus 0.003 second from the Q wave. In 7 of the 16 patients with various right-sided abnormalities, but without valvular stenosis, an ejection sound of pulmonary origin occurred 0.18 plus or minus 0.012 second from the Q wave. In the nine patients with aortic valve disease or systemic hypertension, the time from the Q wave to the aortic ejection sound was 0.13 plus or minus 0.004 second. With only two exceptions the ejection sounds of aortic and plumonary origin coincided exactly with achievement of a fully opened position of the respective semilunar valve. Our findings support the postulate that M1, T1 and the ejection sounds occur in association with closing or opening of valves with consequent sudden deceleration or acceleration of a column of blood that, in turn, results in vibrations of the cardiohemic system and audible sounds. PMID- 1114993 TI - Pericardial rub. Prospective, Multiple observer investigation of pericardial friction in 100 patients. AB - A prospective, multiple observer ausculatory and phonocardiographic study of 100 patients with pericardial friction confirmed the dominant prevalence of triphasic pericardial rubs (56 percent of patients with sinus rhythm). In 9 of 33 patients with various biphasic rub patterns there was summation of the ventricular diastolic rub with the atrial systolic rub, concealing an additional 10 percent of potential triphasic friction. Fourteen of 15 monophasic rubs were audible or recordable only during ventricular systole. Rubs were best heard along the left sternal border in 84 percent of cases and tended to be louder during inspiration than during expiration; in 35 cases there was no respiratory predilection. Twenty three rubs were palpable. Ten rubs occurred in patients with pericardial effusion, five of whom had tamponade. Extension of the neck did not have a dependable effect on rub intensity. PMID- 1114994 TI - Prolapse of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve associated with secundum atrial septal defect. AB - The association of prolapse of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve with secundum atrial septal defect has recently been reported but the prevalence and features of this association have not been defined. Analysis of left ventricular cineangiograms in 54 patients have secundum atrial septal defect revealed evidence of prolapse of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve in 20 (37 percent). In 11 patients (20 percent) there was clinical evidence of a mitral valve lesion (pansystolic murmur in 9 patients and mid-systolic click in 2 patients, 1 of whom also had a late systolic murmur); the remaining 9 patients had no auscultatory evidence of a mitral valve lesion. Thus, the incidence of clinically silent prolapse in association with secundum atrial septal defect was 17 percent (9 of 54 patients). Analysis of the angiographic findings revealed that the prolapse was triscalloped in 4 patients, biscalloped in 11 and uniscalloped in 5. Mitral regurgitation was present in 12, including the 11 patients with clinical signs of a mitral lesion. Three patients with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation had triscalloped prolapse. The association of prolapse of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve with secundum atrial septal defect is common and may be present in the absence of any clinical evidence of a mitral valve lesion. PMID- 1114995 TI - Effect of digoxin on sinus nodal reentry in the dog. AB - The effect of digoxin on sinus reentry was examined in 20 open chest mongrel dogs during infusion of digoxin at a rate of 2.5 mu g/kg per min. The extrinsic cardiac nerve supply was removed acutely in 10 dogs and was left intact in the remaining 10 dogs. Sinus nodal reentry was relatively unaffected by digoxin in 18 of 20 dogs. In these 18 dogs, digitalis toxicity developed before reentry was abolished and was manifested as increased atrial and ventricular automaticity in 14 and as advanced atrioventricular (A-V) block in four. In the remaining two dogs, sinus nodal reentry was relatively sensitive to digoxin and was abolished before toxicity became manifest as advanced A-V block. The knowledge of the relative insensitivity of sinus nodal reentry to digoxin, at least in this experimental model, contrasts with the previously reported sensitivity of sinus nodal reentry to quinidine, and may be important in the management of sinus nodal reentry in man. PMID- 1114996 TI - Detection of acute myocardial infarction by technetium-99m polyphosphate. AB - Experimental work has shown that technetium-99m (99mTc) pyrophosphate accumulates in recently infarcted myocardium and can be detected by external imaging techniques. Twenty-two 99mTc polyphosphate myocardial studies were performed in 17 patients (in 3 after cardiac surgery) 3 to 20 days after myocardial infarction. Seventeen myocardial studies were performed in 17 control patients (in 6 after cardiac surgery). Twenty millicuries of 99mTc polyphosphate was injected intravenously 60 to 120 minutes prior to gamma camera imaging in several views. Myocardial images were processed by the Gamma-11 computer system using standardized background subtraction and contrast enhancement. Results of 16 myocardial studies performed 4 to 20 days after transmural myocardial infarction in 12 patients were positive in 13 instances and questionable in 1. The location of the myocardial infarction by imaging corresponded to location by standard electrocardiograhic criteria in 8 of the 10 patients with positive findings. In five patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction, results of myocardial imaging were positive in two, questionable in one and normal in one. In one patient with questionable findings results were normal when imaging was repeated 16 days after nontransmural myocardial infarction. Results of 17 control myocardial imaging studies were normal in 16 and questionable in 1. Therefore, 99mTc polyphosphate myocardial imaging appears promising in the detection and location of transmural myocardial infarction. Its accuracy in detecting nontransmural myocardial infarction may be increased with greater experience and development of sophisticated digital analysis techniques. The method may prove useful in clinical situations such as cardiac surgery in which standard diagnostic aids are difficult to interpret. PMID- 1114997 TI - Late systolic murmur of rheumatic mitral insufficiency. AB - Of 184 patients with acute rheumatic fever and associated mitral insufficiency encountered during a 15 year period, 34 manifested a mid-late systolic murmur or a nonejection click, or both, during the course of follow-up. The mid-late systolic murmur later disappeared in four patients whose condition is now considered normal. In one of the four, systolic prolapse of the mitral valve was demonstrated on an angiocardiogram obtained when the systolic murmur was present. Since disappearance of the murmur there has been no evidence of systolic prolapse on meticulous echocardiographic study of the mitral valve. In another child with angiographically demonstrated systolic prolapse of the mitral valve the systolic murmur has also disappeared, but systolic prolapse is still evident on echocardiographic study. None of the 34 patients with a mid-late systolic murmur manifested the T wave abnormalities commonly associated with the familial variety of mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 1114998 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot: a morphometric and geometric study. AB - Fourteen examples of tetralogy of Fallot were studied by morphometric and geometric methods, and the findings compared with results from 10 normal hearts. The data show that in Fallot's tetralogy the conal septum is deviated anteriorly. The infundibulum, although narrow, is similar to, or of greater length than, that of the normal heart. This finding is not in agreement with the recent observations suggesting that the anomaly represents lack of growth of the pulmonary conus. Our results further demonstrate that the aorta is dextroposed in Fallot's tetralogy and that in the majority of cases absorption of the right extremity of the conoventricular flange has led to aortic-tricuspid fibrous continuity. The overall findings indicate that conal rotation has occurred in addition to anterior deviation. The data are interpreted as supporting a hypothesis of "lack of conal inversion" and conal malseptation as the morphogenetic mechanisms in tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 1114999 TI - Potassium canrenoate in the treatment of long-term digoxin-induced arrhythmias in conscious dogs. AB - The effects of potassium canrenoate on arrhythmias induced by long-term progressive digoxin toxicity were studied in eight conscious beagle dogs. Sinus bradycardia and sinoatrial block, as well as atrioventricular (A-V) conduction disturbances, were consistently alleviated by administration of potassium canrenoate. Premature supraventricular (including junctional) and ventricular depolarizations as well as ventricular tachycardias were also suppressed. Although potassium canrenoate always terminated the digitalis-induced arrhythmias, it usually converted the rhythm to sinus arrhythmia rather than to normal sinus rhythm. Equimolar sodium canrenoate, but not potassium chloride, had similar reversal effects on arrhythmias induced by long-term digoxin intoxication. These data indicate that canrenoate, a diuretic agent with reported positive inotropic effects, may be useful in the treatment of digitalis-induced arrhythmias in man. PMID- 1115000 TI - Loud first heart sound with long P-R intervals. AB - A case of partial atrioventricular block with Wenckebach periods and a loud first heart sound (S1) associated with the longest P-R interval of the cardiac cycles is described. Although the surface electrocardiogram provided no clues to this paradoxical behavior, the intraatrial electrogram revealed that the long P-R interval with the loud S1 was accompanied by atrial echoes (reciprocal atrial beats). The loud S1 with a very long P-R interval was always caused by an atrial contraction synchronous with the QRS complex. PMID- 1115001 TI - Traumatic right coronary arterial-right atrial fistula. AB - A healthy 25 year old man presented with a machinery murmur and a history of a penetrating thoracic injury. Hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation demonstrated a fistula from the right coronary artery to the right atrium that was later successfully repaired. This case and similar reported cases indicate that fistula formation is a late complication of penetrating thoracic injuries. The onset of the murmur occurs with enlargement of the fistula and typically is delayed for several weeks to months after the initial injury. PMID- 1115002 TI - Echocardiographic findings in right coronary arterial-right ventricular fistula. Report of a neonate with fatal congestive heart failure. AB - Coronary arteriovenous fistula is a rare cause of congestive heart failure in the newborn. We describe a 2 day old infant with a large fistula between the right coronary artery and right ventricle that caused fatal congestive heart failure. An echocardiographic study revealed a large right ventricle, paradoxical motion of the interventicular septum and an enlarged aorta, suggesting an unusual location of a left to right shunt. The diagnosis was established at cardiac catheterization when a large left to right shunt was found at the ventricular level; the fistula was visualized by angiography. PMID- 1115003 TI - Transmural myocardial infarction during pregnancy. AB - Two young pregnant women with no known risk factors had a transmural myocardial infarction while they were lying in the supine position. Coronary arteriograms 3 1/2 and 4 months later, respectively, were normal. Coronary arterial spasm related to renin release from the transiently ischemic chorion is the proposed cause. PMID- 1115004 TI - Spermatogonial stem cells in the albino rat. AB - The existence of two classes of spermatogonial stem cells in the rat testis, i.e., reserve type A0 spermatogonia and renewing, types A1-A4 spermatogonia, postulated by Clermont and Bustos-Obregon ('68), was reexamined in a quantitative analysis of type A spermatogonia in both whole mounts of tubules and in radioautographed sections of testes from animals killed at various times, up to 26 days, after one or multiple injections of 3-H-thymidine. The cell counts obtained from whole mounts of tubules revealed that the number of isolated type A0 cells per unit area of limiting membrane remained constant throughout the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Paired type A0 spermatogonia also remained unchanged in number per unit area of basement membrane from stage I to stage VIII of the cycle. The low mitotic index of type A0 spermatogonia (0.1%) indicated that these cells were not actively involved in the production of spermatogonia or spermatocytes during each cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and thus were considered as reserve stem cells. The type A1 spermatogonia, which are formed during stage I of the cycle, remained resting until stage IX, when they undertook a series of four successive divisions resulting in the production of new type A1 and Intermediate-type spermatogonia. An analysis of the labeling indices of type A spermatogonia obtained from cell counts in radioautographed testicular sections after a single or multiple 3-H-thymidine injections indicated that the percentages of labeled type A cells corresponded to the percentages of type A1-A4 at each stage, whereas the percentages of unlabeled type A cells corresponded to the percentages of type A0 spermatogonia obtained from counts of cells in whole mounts. This confirmed that type A0 cells were generally non-proliferative throughout the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium while the type A1-A4 spermatogonia underwent complete renewal during each cycle. The present results thus support the concept of the existence of two classes of spermatogonial stem cells in rats. PMID- 1115005 TI - Ultrastructural studies of traumatic cataractogenesis: observations of a repair process in mouse lens. AB - Lenses of CFI mice were studied with the transmission electron microscope at frequent intervals through 13 months following a transcorneal needle injury to the lens. While this kind of injury causes a high incidence of traumatic cataract in the human and frog, it elicits a repair process in the mouse lens whereby the damaged capsule, epithelium and lens fibers are rapidly renewed and permanent lens opacity seldom occurs. Ultrastructural changes in lens epithelial cells adjacent to the wound, which precede and accompany localized cellular proliferation and production of new capsule, involve a rapid increase or enlargement of organelles associated with protein synthesis and assembly. The capsule and epithelium are repaired within a couple of months. Cortical lens fibers in the wound area undergo conformational changes into smaller, ordered arrays of "membranous sacs". These are replaced within a week by normal appearing lens fibers. There is minimal degeneration or hyperplasia noted, and except for a few fibroblastic cells on the lens surface, little evidence remains of the injury by two months. Ultrastructural differences between mouse and human lens, such as presence or absence of dense bundles of microfilaments and desmosomes are considered in relation to lens shape and tension, and susceptibility to injury induced cataract. PMID- 1115006 TI - Direct quantitative estimation of Paneth and total cell populations in the jejunal glands of Lieberkuhn. AB - Direct morphometric estimation of the number of intestinal crypts per 10 mm length of jejunum, the total number of cells per crypt, and the number of Paneth cells per crypt was performed using Zenker-fixed, serially sectioned small intestines from adult BALB/c mice. The mean volume of a crypt cell was estimated to be in the order of 6.6 plus or minus 0.1 times 10-4 mm-3, while the total volume of all cells in a single crypt was 1.833 plus or minus 0.02 times 10-1 mm 3. The cell population per crypt was 278 plus or minus 7 cells, of which 44 plus or minus 10 were Paneth cells. It was estimated further that 265 plus or minus 30 crypts per 10 mm length of jejunum contained 7.4 plus or minus 0.1 times 10-4 cells, including 1.2 plus or minus 0.24 times 10-3 Paneth cells. The volume of all crypt and Paneth cells per 10 mm length of jejunum was in the order of 49 plus or minus 1.2 and 8 plus or minus 1.8 mm-3, respectively. The volume of the tunica muscularis and the surface area of the crypt's lumina were estimated to be 33.5 plus or minus 2.2 mm-3 and 118 plus or minus 19 mm-2, respectively. PMID- 1115007 TI - An ultrastructural study of normal human mammary epithelial cells in culture. AB - The ultrastructure of normal human mammary cells cultured from post-weaning breast fluids is described. Cells from confluent monolayers in two week old cultures were studied. The epithelial nature of these cells was established by the demonstration of a well developed system of cell-to-cell interdigitation and numerous desmosomes. These cells also share with breast epithelial cells in vivo, polarity, with blunt short microvilli on the apical surface and an oriented arrangement of organelles in the basal and apical portions of the cells. The Golgi apparatus, which is the most highly developed organelle, is localized in the apical pole and contains substantial quantities of secretory material in the cisternae and vesicles. A variegated palisade of finely granular material mixed with tonofilaments is seen in the basal portion of the cells; many of these tonofilaments end in the terminal web of the desmosomes. The regular occurrence of these cells in breast fluids during the terminal phases of lactation suggests that their separation is a part of normal breast involution. PMID- 1115008 TI - Anomalous patterns of mammalian oocyte maturation and fertilization. AB - This report illustrates some of the errors that may occur during in vivo and in vitro maturation and fertilization of mammalian ova, considers the possible mechanisms accounting for their occurrence, and discusses their functional consequences. Included in the description are anomalies of oocyte and follicular development, i.e., multinucleated oocytes, polyovular follicles, and aberrations of zona pellucida formation. Also considered are deviations from the normal process of oocyte maturation such as chromosomal anomalies, development of abnormal nuclear structures (subnuclei), inhibition of polar body formation and abberations of polar body structure. Anomalies of the process of fertilization such as polyspermia, sperm penetration into polar bodies, and development of multinucleated blastomers in two-cell embryos are also described. PMID- 1115009 TI - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of neurophysin in freeze substituted neurohypophysis. AB - Using an immunohistochemical technique at the electron microscopic level, we have observed that within the axon terminals of the guinea pig neurohypophysis neurophysin is present in the large neurosecretory granules, as well as in the axoplasm. A description of a freeze-substitution technique for neural lobe is also present. PMID- 1115010 TI - Letter: Protein-calorie alleviation of malnutrition. PMID- 1115011 TI - Urinary 4-pyridoxic acid, plasma pyridoxal phosphate, and erythrocyte aminotransferase levels in oral contraceptive users receiving controlled intakes of vitamin B6. AB - Fifteen women who had used combination type oral contraceptives (estrogen plus progestogen) and 9 control women who had never used these agents were given a diet deficient in vitamin B6. After 1 month, this diet was supplemented daily with 0.8, 2.0 or 20.0 mg of pyridoxine hydrocholride for an additional month. At weekly intervals, measurements were made of urinary 4-pyridoxic acid, plasma pyridoxal phosphate, and erythocyte alanine and aspartate aminotransterases. No significan differences were observed between oral contraceptive users and controls in any of the above measured indices. The data suggest that if the use of oral contraceptives of the combined estrogen-progestogen type does alter the requirement for vitamin B6, the effect is a mild one and of doubtful clinical significance to the majority of women taking these steroid preparations. The amount of vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine) needed to maintain normal levels of the above indices of vitamin B6 nutrition in these subjects were between 0.8 and 2.0 mg/day. PMID- 1115012 TI - Letter: Experimentation with human subjects. PMID- 1115013 TI - Protein deficiency in primates. IV. Pregnant rhesus monkey. AB - Young adult female rhesus monkeys, maintained in a seminatural environment, when pregnant 30 days were fed a balanced semisynthetic diet containing 15.3 percent casein (13.4 percent protein) or 0.5, or 0.25 that amount for the remainder of thir pregnancy. The diets, made isocaloric by the addition of carbohydrates to replace the missing casein, supplied 4, 2, or 1 g protein/kg per day if the animals ate 120 kcal/kg per day, an assumption that was reasonably accurate. We studied the responses of monkeys delivering normal young at term. All monkeys were clinically healthy during the experiment. All reduced their total plasma protein concentration, principally by decreasing their albumin concentration. Greatest loss occurred in the low-protein group. Albuminuria was a common finding in all groups. Food consumption though varying throughout pregnancy, remained fairly comparable from group to group. Weight gain of the highest protein group was greatest; that for the lowest protein group barely covered the weight of the products of conception. Blood pressure declined during pregnancy while blood glucose rose. There were no morphologic changes in hair bulbs and only suggestive changes in liver cells that pointed to increased vacuolation. Increased metabolic efficiency during pregnancy enables the mother to safely pass through a long pregnancy during most of which she is fed a low-protein diet. Nonpregnant aminals suffer more under the same circumstances. PMID- 1115014 TI - Protein metabolism during intensive physical training in the young adult. AB - Two groups of men consumed two levels of protein (1.4 and 2.8 g/kg body weight) during a 40-day experimental period. Physical activity and the sweat rates were fairly high during the entire experimental phase. Urinary nitrogen excretions remained fairly constant for both groups during the training and heavy physical activity periods. Nitrogen balances were positive exclusive or inclusive of the daily sweat nitrogen losses showing nitrogen retention. The essentially unchanged blood hemoglobin and serum protein levels showed that the control group was receiving an adequate protein intake to maintain nitrogen equilibrium, under conditions of fairly heavy physical acitvity. Although others may have suggested some compensatory reductions in the urinary excretion of nitrogen under conditions of profuse sweating, our data have not supported these conclusions. It appears that sweat losses of nutrients become relevant in determining requirements and will increase in importance as sweat rates are increased. The data again demonstrate that the nutrient losses during profuse sweating consitute an error that could seriously invalidate the accuracy of metabolic balance studies. In this study, although the men did increase body protein stores and muscle mass with high-protein diets, the additional body protein did not enhance physiological work performance. It is suggested that in this sutdy 100 g of protein/day was adequate for men performing fairly heavy work. PMID- 1115015 TI - Endogenous fatty acids in alimentary triglyceridemia in normolipemic young males. AB - The contribution of endogenous triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) in alimentary lipemia was studied in ten normolipemic males under 26 years. Serum, drawn before and during absorption of 50 ml of corn oil, was separated by ultracentrifugation into two fractions, one containing chylomicrons (Sf is less than 400), the second containing all other lipoproteins (Sf is less than 400). The percent of dietary triglyceride fatty acid in each fraction of the postprandial samples was calculated using triglyceride fatty acid percent composition patterns in the meal and each fraction of the fasting and postprandial samples. Corn oil was chosen for the meal because it differs considerably from fasting serum in percent of palmitic (16:0) and linoleic (18.2) acids. The endogenous triglyceride fatty acid in the chylomicron fraction remained constant during the absorption period, while the dietary triglyceride fatty acids reached a peak level of 63 percent of the total at 4 hours and decreased to 50 percent by 8 hours. In the nonchylomicron lipoprotein fraction, the dietary triglyceride fatty acids increased throughout the test period to 29 percent of total triglyceride fatty acids at 8 hours. At 2 hours endogenous triglyceride fatty acids showed a slight increase relative to the fasting level, then decreased continuously at a slow rate so that by 8 hours it was below the fasting level. These data suggest that during alimentary triglyceridemia, dietary triglyceride fatty acies incorporated into chylomicrons during absorption are rapidly released in the serum as free fatty acids and subsequently utilized in hepatic lipoprotein production and secretion. The data also indicate that circulating endogenous triglyceride fatty acids play a role in alimentary triglyceridemia by remaining essentially constant during early and peak periods and then decreaseing to aid in the subsequent recovery. PMID- 1115016 TI - Functional capacity of the tryptophan-niacin pathway in the premenarchial phase and in the menopausal age. AB - Studies on the interrelationship between female hormones associated with reproduction and the vitamin B6-dependent enzymes along the kynurenin pathway of trytophan metabolism were carried out in girls with an age less, and more than 10 years (just before the onset of the first menstrual cycle), and in postmenapausal women with and without relative (excess) production of estradioll from the adrenal cortex. It is found that most of the determined metabolites are retained by the girls with age less than 10 years after tryptophan loading without and with vitamin B6 supplementation. Estradiol from either the ovaries (in girls just before menarch), or the adrenal cortex-in postmenopausal women with relative (excess) production of this hormone-interferes with the further degradation of 3 hydroxyanthranilic acid. However, this interference could be completely restored by vitamin B6 supplementation. The extra presence of a partial impairment in the kynureninase enzyme is also suggested in these postmenopausal women. In the latter case, this enzymatic activity could be partially resored by vitamin B6 supplementation. On the contrary, the enzymes: kynureninases and adrenocortical estradio. Pyridoxine supplementation partially corrected the inhibition especially that of 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase enzyme. PMID- 1115017 TI - Concurrent and subsequent serum cholesterol of breast- and formula-fed infants. AB - Animal studies have suggested that feeding a high-cholesterol diet early in life will reduce serum cholesterol of later life. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the serum cholesterol of breast-fed children and bottle-fed children. The former type of feeding has a cholesterol content 26-52 mg of cholesterol/8 ounces, and the latter type of feeding has 4 mg/2 ounces. Serum cholesterols were determined by the Wybenga technique. At the end of 4-6 months, both groups were switched from their original feeding to skim milk. The parents were counseled to avoid high-cholesterol content foods such as eggs and to limit the intake of the more moderate cholesterol dietary forms. Our objective was to achieve a cholesterol intake of 200 mg/day for both groups. The serum cholesterol was evaluated at the following ages: 2-4 months, 12 months, 18-24 months, and 15-19 years. The same child was not necessaryily followed longitudinally. Our results indicate that breast-fed children had significantly higher serum cholesterols than bottle-fed children at ages 2-4 months and 12 months. After 1 year, no significant difference in serum cholesterol was found when the two groups were compared. We concluded that no protection against high serum cholesterol in later life occurred as the result of initial feedings high in cholesterol. PMID- 1115018 TI - Harmful effect of megadoses of vitamins: electroencephalogram abnormalities and seizures induced by intravenous folate in drug-treated epileptics. AB - Folic acid was administered intravenously during constant EEG monitoring to eight epileptic subjects who had received diphenylhydantoin therapy for more than 1 year. Six of the subjects displayed low folate levels by Lactobacillus casei assay in plasma and/or whole blood. Six patients received 75 mg of folate intravenously over a 30-min period without clinical effect of EEG change. One patient exhibited an increase in spike discharges on the EEG in comparison to the baseline pattern, but no clinical change or seizure while receiveing 150 mg of folate in a 30-min period. One patient displayed a 2-sec burst of spike and slow wave activity on the EEG after receiveing 7.2 mg of folate in a 3-min period. A tonic-clonic seizure occured after the infusion of 14.4 mg of folate, and again after infusion of 19.2 mg of folate. There appear to be wide variation in the ability of drug-treated epileptic subjects to tolerate infusions of folic acid. These variations help explain conflicting reports in the literature concerning the effect of folic acid administration on seizure control. Megadoses of folic acid should be employed with great caution in all subjects, but particularly among epileptics. Information is lacking as to whether folate might induce seizures in certain ostensibly normal individuals. It is postulated that folic acid exerts a direct effect among sensitive subjects on existing pathways concerned with the metabolism of folate, histidine, or other important brain metabolites. The mechanism of the anticonvulsant action of diphenylhdantoin remains unknown, but there is considerable evidence to suggest that it interferes with the deamination of histidine. PMID- 1115019 TI - Vitamin profile of 174 mothers and newborns at parturition. AB - Thiamin, biotin, B12, folate, pantothenate, riboflavin, nicotinate, B6, vitamins A, E, C, and beta-cartene was estimated in the blood of 174 mothers and in the cord blood of their neonates at parturition. A vitamin profile of normal preganancy was established for mother and neonate. This was based on values obtained from 95 percent confidence limits in 74 mothers not taking oral vitamins and 133 mothers ingesting various vitamin supllements. Circulating vitamin levels in 38 neonates born to mothers with no laboratory evidence of hypovitaminemia was persented. The higher incidence of hypobitaminemia in gravidas not taking vitamins was folate, thiamin, vitamins A, C, B12, BL and nicotinate in descending order. Ingestion of vitamins supplements reduced the incidence of hypovitaminemia. A similar relationship held for neonates from these mothers. However, despite vitamin ingestion thiamin, folate, vitamins C, A, B6, B12 and nicotinate hypovitaminemia was evident. There was an approximate 1:2-5 ratio between mother and neonate blood vitamins; vitamins A, B6, E, and beta-carotene were exceptions. Vitamin B6 ran parallel, while vitamins A, B6, E, and beta carotene ratios reversed in favor of the mother at an approximate ratio of 2:1, 4:1 and 7:1, respectively. It is concluded that vitamin profile for mother and neonate, taking into account values established from a lorge gravid population, should now permit an evaluation of the effects of hypoviteminemia on the outcome of pregnancy and infant health. PMID- 1115020 TI - Validity of body composition prediction equations for college men and women. PMID- 1115021 TI - Effects of feeding irradiated wheat to malnourished children. PMID- 1115022 TI - Potential toxicity of iron overload in successive generations of rats. PMID- 1115023 TI - Effect of dietary iron manipulation and phenobarbitone treatment on in vivo intestinal absorption of iron in mice with sex-linked anemia. PMID- 1115024 TI - Metabolism of tryptophan and niacin in oral contraceptives users receiving controlled intakes of vitamin B6. PMID- 1115025 TI - Growth of adipose and lean tissue mass in hindlimbs of genetically obese mice during preobese and obese phases of development. PMID- 1115026 TI - Relationship of anthropometric measurements to body fat as determined by densitometry, potassium-40, and body water. PMID- 1115027 TI - Amino acid fortification of rice studies in Thailand. I. Background and baseline data. PMID- 1115028 TI - Letters to the editor: Serum lipids in adult males. PMID- 1115029 TI - Letter: Breast feeding in Mid-Western State of Nigeria. PMID- 1115030 TI - Carcinoma of the small intestine associated with transmural ileitis (Crohn's disease). AB - A case of adenocarcinoma of the small bowel arising in pre-existing transmural ileitis (Crohn's disease) is reported and 28 previously reported cases are reviewed. Carcinoma associated with transmural enteritis occurs more often in the distal ileum, in younger patients, and in more males than expected from published data on carcinoma not associated with transmural enteritis. If the patient has had exclusion procedures, the carcinoma has been found to arise in the excluded bowel segment. PMID- 1115031 TI - Hemochromatosis. Pathophysiologic and genetic considerations. AB - The clinical, genetic, and pathologic findings, and the pertinent case histories in two families with idiopathic hemochromatosis are presented. These studies support the view that idiopathic hemochromatosis is a disease inherited in at least two ways. In one of these families, inheritance appeared to occur in an autosomal recessive manner, whereas in the other, autosomal dominant expression seemed evident. Evidence that an inability of the reticuloendothelial cells to handle iron may play a major role in the pathogenesis of hemochromatosis is presented. The early age of onset and poorer prognosis associated with the recessive inheritance suggest that the defect in reticuloendothelial cell function present in such cases is different from or more severe than those associated with dominant inheritance. PMID- 1115032 TI - Mast cells and myelofibrosis. AB - Autopsy of a patient with well-documented myelofibrosis revealed marked proliferation of mast cells associated with areas of bone-marrow and splenic fibrosis. The findings suggest that the local fibrosis represents the healed phase of an inflammatory reaction mediated by mast cells via the release of histamine into the tissue spaces. Tissue mastocytosis may be the pathogenetic mechanism in some cases of myelofibrosis. PMID- 1115033 TI - A rapid, quantitative determination of clottable fibrinogen unaffected by heparin. AB - A turbidimetric assay for clottable plasma fibrinogen which is not sensitive to heparin or Pyran inhibition is described. The basis of the assay is the substitution of Reptilase-R for the thrombin usually employed. The assay correlates very well with a thrombin turbidimetric method and also has other advantages, including better stability of the clotting enzyme and more rapid attainment of equilibrium. PMID- 1115034 TI - Training and organization for pathology in Britain. The role of chemical pathologists. AB - In Britain, the term "clinical pathology" indicates the discipline of pathology applied to patients, whereas "chemical pathology" refers to pathology in its chemical and biochemical aspects, both as a basic science and for patient care. The initial training of a chemical pathologist is usually in general pathology, in metabolic medicine, or in research. This training continues solely in chemical pathology, and the specialist qualification, namely Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists, is taken at about 32 years of age. Training is similar in the other disciplines of pathology, and a pathologist usually achieves a senior permanent appointment by the age of 34 years. By national policy, pathology laboratories, each with departments of chemical pathology, hematology, histopathology, and microbiology, are centered in about 250 District General Hospitals. The chemical pathology section ideally includes both a medical consultant and an equivalent non-medical scientist. These ideals are unlikely to be reached because of pathologists usually include laboratory supervision, clinical liaison, teaching, and research. Many chemical pathologists also have specific clinical consultant activities, such as overseeing a Metabolic Unit. PMID- 1115035 TI - Improved culture method for the isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis form contaminated specimens. AB - Studies were performed to evaluate a method for selective isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis from contaminated specimens. Ammonium hydroxide placed on an agar medium surface was found to inhibit the growth of many bacteria, yeasts, and saphrophytic fungi normally found in specimens such as animal tissues and sputum. In one study involving the culture of B. dermatitidis from canine tissues, 24% more isolations were obtained on a medium using NH4OH compared with a similar medium. Increases in the isolation of H. capusulatum from sputum specimens were also obtained, ranging from 20 to 32% compared with four other media without NH4OH. PMID- 1115036 TI - Templates for inoculation and microscopic observation of micro cell cultures. AB - Simple, inexpensive plastic templates have been devised to aid in proper identification of cell cultures in microtiter plates during inoculation and microscopic observation. These have resulted in greater accuracy in performing and reading tests and in a saving of the microbiologists' time. PMID- 1115037 TI - Letter: Clinical relevance in medical microbiology. PMID- 1115038 TI - Letter: Energy characteristics of blood coagulation. PMID- 1115039 TI - Letter: Citrate content of plasma. PMID- 1115040 TI - Letter: Hemoglobin F and sickle-cell anemia. PMID- 1115041 TI - Benign polyps with prostatic-type epithelium of the urethra. AB - Benign polyps of the male urethra may be composed of prostatic-type epithelium and acini. Usually located in the prostatic portion of the urethra, they have been reported to be a major cause of hematuria in young men. Three new cases are described to foster an awareness of this distinctive clinicopathologic entity. PMID- 1115042 TI - Crohn's disease of the vulva. AB - Three patients with Crohn's disease primarily involving the large intestine had unusual abscesses of the vulvar area. At biopsy, the abscesses had classic features of the primary disease and were clearly separated from the intestinal tract. There was no fistula in the anal canal, and the perineum between the vulvar abscess and the anus was normal. One of the patients also had an early lesion of Crohn's disease in the sigmoid. The lesion appeared as a small erythematous spot without ulceration. Biopsy revealed a typical granuloma under an intact mucosa. It is concluded that Crohn's disease is not confined to the gastrointestinal tract, and that early lesions of the disease within the gastrointestinal tract are submucosal rather than mucosal. PMID- 1115043 TI - "Mesothelioma of the atrioventricular node" with long-standing complete heart block. Report of a case. AB - A case of mesothelioma of the atrioventricular node is presented. The patient had complete heart block for many years before death. The origin of the tissue in this apparently congenital tumor is discussed with reference to the literature. PMID- 1115044 TI - Benign osteoblastoma of the ethmoid bone. Report of a case. AB - The second reported case of benign osteoblastoma of the ethmoid bone, in a 13 year-old boy, is described, with emphasis on clinical, radiographic and pathologic features. The characteristics of benign osteoblastoma are briefly elucidated. PMID- 1115045 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of autoinfection in strongyloidiasis. AB - Among 10,072 examinations of concentrated stools, Strongyloides stercoralis rhabditiform larvae were found in 93, and filariform larvae in four. In two of the four cases harboring filariform larvae, subsequent stools revealed only rhabditiform larvae, but filariform larvae continued to be found in the stools and sputum of the other two cases. It was concluded that only two of the cases were true autoinfections, and the other two apparent cases resulted from prolonged storage of unrefrigerated stools in the hospital ward. The importance of distinguishing true autoinfections from a free-living Strongyloides life cycle in stools is stressed. PMID- 1115046 TI - Improved micromethod for plasma fibrinogen unaffected by heparin therapy. AB - An improved micromethod for plasma fibrinogen, based on the Ellis-Stransky thrombin-clot density procedure, is presented. Modifications includes: (1) addition of Polybrene eliminates heparin interference; (2) measurement of absorbance at 340 nm provides improved sensitivity at low fibrinogen levels as well as with small volumes of plasma (40 mul.); (3) higher concentration of thrombin reduces the incubation time. Plasma fibrinogen by the proposed method compares well with a reference procedure based on total clottable protein (coefficient of correlation 0.99). PMID- 1115047 TI - Interpretive reporting of laboratory data. The Schilling test. AB - Using a programmable calculator able to control an output printing device, the Laboratory can issue a comprehensive Schilling test report describing the test, calculating the resulting excretion, interpreting its significance, and cautioning against possible inaccuracies. PMID- 1115048 TI - Significance of non-steady-state serum digoxin concentrations. AB - In order better to define the optimal time for sample collection, the authors examined the serial concentrations of digoxin in serum and urine of six hospitalized patients during the first 8 hours after administration of their maintenance doses of digoxin. Expressed as % of baseline value, mean serum digoxin concentrations 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 2,4, 6, and 8 hours after administration of the drug were 167, 185, 228, 256, 175, 145, and 134%, respectively. Steady-state serum concentrations were not established until 6-8 hours after administration of the drug, and high serum values during the first 6 hours did not correlate with clinical and/or electrocardiographic evidence of digoxin toxicity. It is concluded that when serum digoxin levels are utilized as an index of digitalization or toxicity in patients on maintenance therapy, the blood samples should be drawn just prior to the daily dose and no sooner than 6 hours after administration of the drug. PMID- 1115049 TI - Letter6 NBT slide test. PMID- 1115051 TI - The stagnant loop syndrome in childhood: review and report of four patients. AB - Four children presenting with a range of signs and symptoms were found to have chronic intestinal obstruction. Presentations included massive upper gastronintestinal bleeding, chronic weight loss simulating neoplasm, andprofound megaloblastic anemia. The pathophysiology involved and a brief review of stagnant loop syndrome in childhood are discussed. PMID- 1115050 TI - Chronic pancreatitis in African diabetics. AB - Steatorrhea due to chronic pancreatitis was found in 23 percent of a consecutive series of 107 new african diabetics; 3 had pancreatic calcification. Of 16, 14 had definitely abnormal exocirne secretion function testing using secreation pancreozymin stimultion. Themorphology and function of the small intestine were normal by local standards. When compared with diabetics without steatorrhea they weighed less, their fasting blood sugars were lower, and their insulin requirements were greater. High alcoholic intake might be significant cause, but the incidence was similar in the diabetics without steatorrhea. No evidence of childhood or adult malnutrition was established. The etiology of this high incidence of chronic pancreatitis among african diabetics remains unexplained. PMID- 1115052 TI - Unusual involvement of the rectum by carcinoma of the prostate. AB - The authors present three cases in which carcinoma of the prostate simulates a primary carcinoma of the rectum. Direct invasion by prostatic carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions of the rectum in males. PMID- 1115054 TI - Normal antipyrine metabolism in patients with cholesterol cholelithiasis. Evidence that the disease is not due to generalized hepatic microsomal dysfunction. AB - Plasma antipyrine half-lives and metabolic clearances were measured after a single oral dose of antipyrine in 10 control subjects, 12 patients with gallstones, and 9 patients having undergone cholecystectomy for cholesterol cholelithiasis, to determine whether impairment of hepatic antipyrine metabolism occurs in patients with cholesterol cholelithiasis. The plasma antipyrine half life and metabolic clearances in the control subjects were 11.7 plus or minus 1.3 hours and 42.5 plus or minus 3.3 ml/min, respectively; in patients with gallstones, 12.3 plus or minus 1.3 hours and 36.0 plus or minus 3.2 ml/min, respectively; and in patients having undergone cholecystectomy, 13.2 plus or minus 1.8 hours and 33.8 plus or minus 4.2 ml/min, respectively. Values for antipyrine half-life and metabolic clearance were not statistically different in these three groups. This study suggests the presence of normal hepatic antipyrine metablosim in patients with cholesterolcholelithiasis. PMID- 1115055 TI - Bil pleuritis: another complication of percutaneous liver biopsy. PMID- 1115053 TI - The uses and limitations of radioisotopes in the investigation of gastrointestinal diseases. AB - Advances in the physical and biological sciences have in recent years led to a rapidly increasing use of radioactive agents in clinical medicine. The distinctive properties of these agents have made them invaluable for a large variety of unique in vivo and in vitro diagnostic tests. In order to help the clinician employ such tests productively and realistically, we have attempted to review the present status of radiosotopes with regard to gastrointestinal diseases. Emphasis has been placed not only on their value but also on their limitations; the degree of safety for in vivo application has also been briefly considered. PMID- 1115056 TI - Epidemiologic observations on intervention trials for prevention of coronary heart disease. PMID- 1115057 TI - Family planning and infant mortality rate decline in the United States. PMID- 1115058 TI - The current mortality rates of radiologists and other physician specialists: deaths from all causes and from cancer. AB - The cohort mortality experience of radiologists and other specialists over a 50 year period was examined on the assumption that these groups would differ relative to a presumed decrease in radiation exposure. Radiologists had an excess in all-cause mortality rates compared to the other specialists for all cohorts who entered the Radiological Society of North America before 1940; the excess remained even when the cancer deaths were removed from the rates. These data are consistent with the concept of accelerated aging due to radiation. The cancer mortality rates for radiologists were higher than those of other specialists for an additional decade through 1949. The 1950-1959 cohort had not aged sufficiently to demonstrate the expected peak cancer mortality in the 60-64 year age group. Several hypotheses are presented to suggest reasons for differences in the trends of age-specific cancer mortality by cohorts of entry. PMID- 1115059 TI - The current mortality rates of radiologists and other physician specialists: specific causes of death. AB - The cohort mortality experience of radiologists over a 50-year period has been compared to that of other specialists with low levels of radiation exposure. The 1920-1929 cohort of radiologists who joined the Radiological Society of North America had the highest mortality for several chronic diseases. After this early period, radiologists ranked highest only for cancer mortality. The excess risk of leukemia which was observed in the 1920-1929 and 1930-1939 cohorts has subsequently decreased. During the same period, lymphoma mortality, especially multiple myeloma, has been increasing with a significant excess of deaths appearing in radiologists who entered the specialty society between 1930-1939 and 1940-1949. A posible relationship between this finding and immunologic changes induced by radiation has been proposed. PMID- 1115060 TI - Gestational exposure to rubella vaccinees: a population surveillance study. AB - Over a two-year period an attempt was made to identify instances of transmission of rubella vaccine virus from rubella vaccinees to pregnant women in Nashville Davidson County, Tennessee. Approximately 24,000 children were immunized in a mass campaign at the outset of the study. Several prospective surveillance methods of 11,635 women and their new babies were employed. Attempts were made to recover rubella virus from throat swabs of 10,951 newborns. No rubella vaccine virus was recovered. Wild rubella virus was isolated from a single infant with the congenital rubella syndrome whose mother had natural rubella during the first month of pregnancy. Rubella virus was not isolated from the products of 240 abortions. There were no seroconversions among 3990 women who had paired sera available for study. Clinical and serologic follow-ups of infants judged to be a high risk because of intimate maternal exposure to vaccine virus revealed no late manifestations of congenital rubella infection. A history of close maternal contact with vaccinees during the three months before and the three months following conception was not associated with an increased incidence of congenital anomalies or clinical features seen with congenital rubella infection. Thus, no evidence of vaccine virus transmission was found, providing further evidence of the safety of rubella vaccine under field conditions. A seroepidemiologic study of 8824 pregnant women revealed the expected decline in rubella susceptibility with increasing age. When age was controlled, the variables of race, parity, and educational achievement produced no major influence on immunity. PMID- 1115061 TI - Seroepidemiologic survey of coronavirus (strain 229E) infections in a population of children. AB - The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test for coronavirus 229E antibodies was used for serodiagnostic and seroepidemiologic studies in a population of children. Subjects ranged in age from 5 to 19 years and lived in a home which participated in a longitudinal surveilance of respiratory illness (1960-1968). During this period 1477 respiratory illnesses were observed; 63 (4%) were associated with sero-response (fourfold or greater antibody rises) to 229E. An additional 105 sero-responses were associated with unreported or subclinical illness. The frequency of these infections was cyclical, and 229E and coronavirus OC 43 infections peaked in different years among the same population. Sero-responses occurred mainly in the fall, winter and spring quarters. Preexisting antibody was demonstrated in one-third of the children with 229E sero-responses. Clinical studies indicated that the most frequent complaints with 229E infections were sore throat, coryza and cough, and the most frequent findings were pharyngeal injection, coryza and fever. PMID- 1115062 TI - Symposium on Endocrine Functions of the Kidney. Foreword. PMID- 1115063 TI - Cardiac arrest due to oral potassium administration. AB - Cardiac arrest developed in two patients after the administration of oral potassium. Neither patient had renal insufficiency, but both had underlying heart disease. In one patient fatal ventricular fibrillation developed 4 days after he received an aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and while he was receiving oral potassium supplements. The serum potassium level before cardiac arrest was 8.1 meq. The second patient had angina and was given 40 meq of potassium orally 15 minutes after an exercise test which produced chest pain and S-T segment depression. One hour later, ventricular fibrillation developed. Resuscitation was successful. Both patients had electrocardiographic evidence of hyperkalemia. Oral administration of potassium may produce severe cardiac toxicity in patients with heart disease even when renal function is clinically normal. PMID- 1115064 TI - Hemodynamic effects of staged hematocrit reduction in patients with stable cor pulmonale and severely elevated hematocrit levels. AB - Patients with cor pulmonale and high hematocrit levels are often subjected to phlebotomy in the belief that the adverse effects of high viscosity may outweigh the benefit of increased oxygen carrying capacity. To evaluate this, 12 patients with stable cor pulmonale and hematocrit values greater than 55 per cent were studied before and after a series of venesections. Right heart and aortic pressures, cardiac output and blood gases were measured at three mean hematocrit levels, 61 per cent (stage I), 50 per cent (stage II) and 44 per cent (stage III), with blood volume unchanged. From stages I to II, there were significant decreases in both man pulmonary artery pressure and total pulmonary resistance. Oxygen transport fell but not oxygen consumption. Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure and cardiac output did not change. Right ventricular work either fell or was maintained by increased output. Frank-Starling performance (supine exercise) improved. No significant changes occurred with further reduction in hematocrit to normal levels (stage III). The findings of this study support the concept of overcompensating erythrocytosis in cor pulmonale, and the effects of moderate hematocrit reduction should not be overlooked in these severely ill patients. PMID- 1115065 TI - Reduction of prehospital, ambulance and community coronary death rates by the community-wide emergency cardiac care system. AB - Initiation of quick prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care completed the total system needed to provide emergency and convalescent coronary care for a community. Subsequently, annual community rates for coronary death during ambulance transport fell by 62 per cent and for prehospital coronary death by 26 per cent in people under 70 years of age. In cardiac arrest due to acute myocardial infarction, prompt successful prehospital correction of ventricular fibrillation and asystole yielded long-term survival in two thirds of cases. This 66 per cent success rate of prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care is identical to contemporary international experience. Precordial thump-version with the fist and precordial fist pacing appeared logical additions to prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care technics. Community lives saved yearly were 15.2/100,000 people aged 30 to 69 years and 6.4/100,000 total population. Simultaneously, annual community rates for coronary death as a cause of death and coronary death per 1,000 people fell significantly by 15 and 17 per cent, respectively. Unquantifiable influences included prehospital relief of ischemic chest pain; prehospital correction of acute dysautonomia; prehospital abolition of otherwise prefatal dysrhythmias; similar treatment for acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department, in the inhospital mobile coronary care unit and in the progressive intermediate coronary convalescent unit; and general community education through the media of newspapers, radio and television. The present frequency of coronary death during ambulance transport, 9 to 22 per cent of prehospital coronary deaths in this and other surveys, suggests that the prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care component needs improvement in many communities. By reducing prehospital and ambulance coronary death rates, prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care for acute myocardial infarction constitutes an essential component of the total system approach to emergency coronary care. Since prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care have cheaply and effectively expedited and abbreviated hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, and lowered community death rates from coronary artery disease, its adoption throughout the United States and the western world seems justified. PMID- 1115066 TI - Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in patients in cardiogenic shock, medically refractory left ventricular failure and/or recurrent ventricular tachycardia. AB - Of the 27 patients described, 23 were in cardiogenic shock, 2 had severe left ventricular failure, and 2 had medically refractory ventricular tachycardia. Utilizing intraaortic counterpulsation, adequate systemic blood pressure was initially restored in 19 patients. Nine of these were subsequently weaned from circulatory assistance, but only three were discharged from the hospital and are currently alive. The remaining 10 patients who derived initial benefit from circulatory assistance were balloon-dependent in that they could not be weaned from circulatory assistance. Eight of these patients subsequently underwent cardiac catheterization; four had inoperable disease. The remaining four patients underwent surgery for either resection of the area of infarction and/or for myocardial revascularization; only one survived to subsequently leave the hospital. Ventricular volumes were abnormal and ejection fractions were below 30 per cent in all the patients in cardiogenic shock except one who underwent cardiac catheterization and ultimately died. Ejection fractions were greater than 30 per cent in the two patients with cardiogenic shock who were weaned from balloon support and survived to leave the hospital without surgery. Both of these patients had inferior myocardial infarction. The data obtained from this experience suggest that intraaortic counterpulsation is a very useful adjunct to currently existing medical measures to treat both cardiogenic shock and medically refractory left ventricular failure but that most patients have such extensive disease that they can neither be weaned from balloon support nor undergo successful infarctectomy or myocardial revascularization. PMID- 1115067 TI - The effects of practolol on the dysrhythmias complicating acute ischemic heart disease. AB - The cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent practolol was used in the management of ventricular and supraventricular dysrhythmias associated with acute myocardial infarction in 134 patients, and in the management of these dysrhythmias in 19 atients with acute myocardial ischemia. Practolol was frequently effective in controlling ventricular dysrhythmias which occurred within the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. It was also effective in controlling the ventricular dysrhythmias which occurred after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. It was of particular value when therapeutic doses of lidocaine had been ineffective. Practolol was much less effective in controlling ventricular dysrhythmias which occurred more than 24 hours after acute infarction. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter were infrequently abolished by practolol in undigitalized patients after acute myocardial infarction. There was no correlation between the effectiveness of practolol and the blood concentration of the drug. One adverse effect of practolol was the occurence of sinus bradycardia with or without an increase in the frequency of ventricular ectopic beats. Bradycardia was sometimes accompanied by hypotension. Severe hypotension occasionally occurred in the absence of bradycardia. PMID- 1115068 TI - Pathogenesis of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome. AB - Steroid production, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma renin substrate (PRS) were measured in eight patients with hypertension due to Cushing's syndrome of benign origin. Despite elevation of cortisol secretion in all patients, hypokalemia and suppressed PRA was noted in the one subject with a functioning adrenal adenoma. PRA was normal in six patients on an unrestricted sodium intake but was markedly increased in the two patients on low salt diets. PRS was significantly increased during active disease, but decreased substantially with treatment. The absence of uniform hypokalemia and of suppression of renin indicates that mineralocorticoid production could not account for the increase in arterial pressure. It is suggested that glucocorticoid-induced hypertension may be initiated by alterations in vascular responsiveness to pressor agents and that elevated PRS levels may contribute to increase angiotensin formation. PMID- 1115069 TI - A year's experience with tuberculosis in a private urban teaching hospital in the postsanatorium era. AB - Because brief general hospital admission and extended ambulatory management have replaced sanatorium care for tuberculosis, we reviewed 41 cases admitted to a private urban hospital during 1971-1972 to assess the spectrum of disease and the problems created by the closing of sanatoriums. Almost half the cases were misdiagnosed, exposing an average of 35 hospital personnel to unisolated patients with positive smears. Clinical manifestations often were subtle. Of those with pulmonary involvement, 14 per cent denied having symptoms and less than half had positive sputum smears. Transfer to ambulatory care for half the patients was complicated by having different physicians manage their hospital and outpatient care, with poor communication between the two. Outpatient physicians were sent discharge summaries for fewer than two thirds of their patients, and then only after an average 2 1/2 month delay. Similarly, slowness in case reporting impaired contact investigation. Only three contacts were identified per patient, and only 71 per cent of these were investigated. Improved diagnostic ability, better communication with public health workers, and attention to details of transfer to ambulatory care are necessary for effectively integrating the present components of tuberculosis management. PMID- 1115070 TI - The heart in systemic lupus erythematosus and the changes induced in it by corticosteroid therapy. A study of 36 necropsy patients. AB - The natural history of the cardiovascular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been altered by corticosteroids which exert their own cardiovascular effects. This study describes clinical and necropsy observations in 36 corticosteroid-treated patients with SLE and compares them to necropsy observations in patients with SLE reported before the use of corticosteroid therapy. The 36 patients averaged 32 years of age, and 33 were women. Systemic hypertension was present in 25 (69 per cent) and left ventricular hypertrophy in 23 (64 per cent) patients. Hypertension was twice as common in the 19 patients who received this drug for more than 12 months (average 38 months) than in the 17 patients who received this drug for less than 12 months (average 6 months), and was almost five times more common among our patients than in patients with SLE in the presteroid era. Congestive cardiac failure occurred in 15 patients (43 per cent), eight times more frequent than that reported in noncorticosteroid-treated patients with SLE. Subepicardial and myocardial fat was increased in all 36 patients. Lupus carditis was similar in frequency but differed morphologically in our patients compared to those not treated with corticosteroids. Libman-Sacks type endocardial lesions, present in 18 (50 per cent) of our patients, were smaller, fewer in number, univalvular rather than multivalvular, and mainly left sided. Most verrucae were either partly or completely healed, and some were calcified. Pericarditis, present in 19 (53 per cent) patients, was predominantly of the fibrous type. Myocarditis was present in three patients, each of whom also had endocarditis and pericarditis. The lumen of at least one of the three major coronary arteries was narrowed more than 50 per cent by atherosclerotic plaques in 42 per cent of the 18 patients who received corticosteroids for more than 1 year, but in none of the 17 patients who received corticosteroids for less than 1 year. Four of the eight patients with narrowed coronary arteries had myocardial infarcts. Although vital to the management of SLE, corticosteroids have an over all deleterious effect on the heart. Systemic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy appear or, when present, worsen; congestive cardiac failure increases; epicardial apartment of Me PMID- 1115071 TI - Clinicopathologic conference. Delirium and fever. PMID- 1115072 TI - Hypertension corrected by discontinuing chronic sodium bicarbonate ingestion. Subsequent transient hypoaldosteronism. AB - A 52 year old man with a long history of marked hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, nephrocalcinosis and intermittent hypercalcemia was referred to be evaluated for primary aldosteronism suspected on the basis of low plasma renin activity, hypokalemia and blood pressure responsive to spironolactone. Aldosterone excretion, however, was extremely low. Alkaluria, high urinary sodium excretion and hypercalciuria were observed. The patient admitted to chronic ingestion of large amounts of baking soda. Upon cessation of alkali abuse, his blood pressure fell dramatically; orthostatic hypotension, concomitant azotemia, hemoconcentration, hyperkalemia and weight loss occurred. Despite dramatic elevation in plasma renin activity, urinary aldosterone excretion remained low during this period. Adrenal glucocorticoid secretion was intact. All abnormalities of sodium, potassium and aldosterone subsequently returned to normal. A 10 day challenge with oral sodium bicarbonate was associated with a rise in blood pressure, but serum calcium remained normal. The patient remains normotensive 15 months after discontinuing alkali abuse. PMID- 1115073 TI - A-V conduction disturbances in Reiter's syndrome. AB - High grade atrioventricular (A-V) block is a rarely described complication of Reiter's syndrome. This 65 year old man had recurrent episodes of arthritis, conjunctivitis and urethritis beginning at age 16. A prolonged P-R interval was first noted at age 32. The conduction distrubance progressed to intermittent episodes of high grade and complete heart block by age 65. His bundle electrograms located the site of block above the level of the bundle of His. Atrial pacing to rates of 150/min produced 5:1 A-V block, whereas exercise and atropine administration resulted in 1:1 A-V conduction. In view of these results, artificial pacemaker therapy is not indicated. The association of conduction disorders and Reiter's syndrome is reviewed. PMID- 1115074 TI - American Burkitt's lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. I. Clinical factors relating to prolonged survival. AB - The presenting clinical characteristics and the results of therapy in 30 cases of American Burkitt's lymphoma are described. Five patients presented with localized disease. The abdomen was the most frequent site of involvement (19 cases). Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels closely correlated with extent of tumor mass. Of the 22 patients treated with large doses of parenteral cyclophosphamide, complete remission was achieved in 13 (59 per cent). Of these only four have had a relapse, all within 12 months of treatment. The remainder are alive, free of disease and have not received any treatment for up to 80 months or more. The site and volume of tumor mass predicted for prolonged survival. None of the six patients with bone marrow or central nervous system involvement remained tumor free. A complete remission was achieved in 8 of 9 patients with presenting LDH levels of less than 700 IU/ml and they have remained free of disease, whereas only 4 of 13 patients with LDH levels greater than 700 IU/ml had a complete response and 3 of these had a relapse within 12 months. In six cases, the massive tumor regression following chemotherapy was associated with serious metabolid consequences including hyperkalemia (six cases), hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia (one case) and lactic acidosis (one case). There were four sudden deaths in less than 48 hours after chemotherapy; two of these were attributable to hyperkalemia. In all cases therw were large tumor masses and/or elevated serum LDH levels. PMID- 1115075 TI - Capillary basement membrane width in diabetic children. AB - The effect of juvenile onset diabetes mellitus on quadriceps muscle capillary basement membrane (QCBM) width has been examined by the electron microscopic morphometric method previously developed in this laboratory. The results demonstrate that in this age group QCBM thickening is strongly related to the age of the diabetic subject. As a result, in contrast to the almost constant thickening of QCBM that has consistently been documented in diabetic adults, QCBM hypertrophy is present in only 40 per cent of children with diabetes mellitus. As was previously shown to be the case in adults, in children, too, QCBM thickening is unrelated to the duration of the diabetes. Finally, the finding that QCBM hypertrophy is present at the time of acute onset of juvenile diabetes mellitus in 30 per cent of children, coupled with the fact that this lesion is not affected by duration of hyperglycemia, strongly supports our previous conclusion that diabetic microangiopathy is independent of the hyperglycemia of this disease. On the other hand, barring the possibility that microangiopathy in the pancreas precedes that in muscle, these results represent evidence against the suggestion that basement membrane hypertrophy represents the primary lesion of the diabetic syndrome. PMID- 1115076 TI - IgA heavy chain disease. A case detected in the western hemisphere. AB - IgA heavy chain disease (alpha chain disease) was detected in a 46 year old South American (Colombian) of mixed Spanish and Indian (Mestizo) descent. The clinical course was characterized by severe malabsorption, initially thought to be a variant of tropical sprue. Jejunal mucosal biopsy revealed marked villous atrophy with heavy infiltration of the lamina propria by a single monotonous cell type which, by light microscopy, had the appearance of either a large, abnormal plasma cell or a small histiocyte. Electron microscopy of the biopsy specimen demonstrated the presence of abnormal plasma cells, lymphatic distention and abnormalities of surface epithelial cells. At autopsy a 6 by 3 cm mass was found in the right para-aortic area along with many firm 2 cm mesenteric and para aortic lymph nodes. Histologic examination revealed the presence of a monotonous cell type similar to that found in the jejunal mucosal biopsy specimen. PMID- 1115078 TI - Research in education symposium: introduction. PMID- 1115077 TI - Ultrastructure of the lung in Loeffler's pneumonia. AB - A case is presented fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of "Loeffler's eosinophilic pneumonia". No etiologic factors could be determined, and the chest roentgenogram returned to normal. Lung biopsy at the peak of the disease demonstrated an interstitial eosinophilic pneumonia without tissue necrosia or vasculitis. By electron microscopy, the alveolar capillary basement membranes were intact and exhibited no immune deposits. Normal appearing eosinophils were abundant in the alveolar capillaries, interstitium and alveolar spaces. Occasional eosinophils released their granules within the alveolar wall. Macrophages were increased in number in both the alveolar wall and alveolar spaces. PMID- 1115079 TI - A curriculum in medical technology based on perceptions of students and practitioners. PMID- 1115080 TI - Task-oriented job restructuring and curriculum development. PMID- 1115081 TI - The relationship between the MBTI and job satisfaction: a preliminary report. PMID- 1115082 TI - Use of stepwise regression computer program as an aid in the selection of medical technology students. AB - To meet the problems encountered due to increased numbers of qualified applicants to the medical technology program, it was deemed necessary to devise procedures for student selection which might include additional measures for predicting the academic success of student applicants. The stepwise regression program utilized in this study is one parameter which is currently being explored in relation to the student selection process. Evaluation of the program will take a period of several years in order that the progress of successive groups of students may be carefully studied. It must be recognized that this type of program may have more value for a univeristy-based medical technology program wherein students tend to have a rather homogenous course background, than for programs in which students come from several affiliated colleges or universities and therefore have a diverse type of academic background. PMID- 1115083 TI - Study of evaluation criteria in schools of medical technology. PMID- 1115084 TI - Research in Education Symposium: a theoretical approach to self-study or self analysis. PMID- 1115085 TI - Accreditation for programs in clinical laboratory sciences symposium. What is NAACLS and how does it function? PMID- 1115086 TI - Program self-analysis and accreditation of medical laboratory programs. PMID- 1115087 TI - State of the art in medical laboratory technician programs. PMID- 1115088 TI - How to teach students to make scientific assessments of laboratory tests. PMID- 1115089 TI - Crossroads in medical technology education: a coordinated program--necessity or opportunity? PMID- 1115090 TI - Counseling relationships in education and supervision. I. Constructive openness. PMID- 1115091 TI - Counseling relationships in education and supervision. 2. Some interpersonal skills which make a difference. PMID- 1115092 TI - Letter: Drug-induced morphological changes in white blood cells. PMID- 1115093 TI - Relative effectiveness of various letter discrimination procedures in directionality pretraining. AB - Two investigations were conducted to provide information relevant to programming basic reading skills for retarded individuals. Both experiments utilized various procedures to teach subjects to discriminate between the letters b and d. The role of feedback and task format conditions was investigated in Experiment 1. Results indicated that two-choice discrimination learning was significantly more difficult than either oddity or matching-to-sample conditions. In Experiment 2 the effects of problem type and sample reduncancy were examined. Analyses indicated that simultaneous matching-to-sample procedures were significantly easier than successive matching-to-sample procedures. Performance with a delayed matching-to-sample transfer task did not reflect differential effects of training in either study. PMID- 1115094 TI - Experimental evaluation of sensorimotor patterning used with mentally retarded children. AB - In the present study, a sensorimotor "patterning" program used with 66 institutionalized, mentally retarded children and adolescents was evaluated. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) Experimental 1 group, which received a program of mobility exercises including patterning, creeping, and crawling; visual-motor training; and sensory stimulation exercises; (b) Experimental 2 group, which received a program of physical activity, personal attention, and the same sensory stimulation program given to the first group; or (c) Passive Control group, which provided baseline measures but which received no additional programming as part of the study. Experimental 1 group subjects improved more than subjects in the other groups in visual perception, program related measures of mobility, and language ability. Intellectual functioning did not appear to be enhanced by the procedures, at least during the active phase of the project. The results were discussed with reference to other researchers who have failed to support the patterning approach, and some reasons were suggested for the differences between the present and past investigations. PMID- 1115095 TI - Behavioral characteristics of habilitated retarded persons. AB - An assumption that habilitated retarded persons had higher social competence than nonhabilitated persons was investigated by comparing 65 discharged residents of Lynchburg Training School and Hospital who had completed vocational training with 60 residents matched in age and IQ. The results obtained from the hospital record revealed that the habilitated group fought less but attempted to escape and cursed more than the nonhabilitated group. Social history indicated the existence of cultural-familial components in the majority of the habilitated group. Psychometric scores, the Emotional Index of the Bender Gestalt test, and an analysis of the medical diagnosis supported the above finding. Since interpersonal adjustment was an important factor in successful habilitation, an increased emphasis on counseling in vocational-training programs was suggested. PMID- 1115096 TI - Utilization of position cues by retarded children in serial learning. AB - The ordinal position hypothesis of serial learning was tested using a population of mentally retarded subjects (IQ=46 to 86). The subjects learned two serial lists by either the serial-recall of serial-anticipation procedures. One-half of the items from the first list retained their same serial positions in the second list (experimental items); the other half were switched to new positions (control items). Support for the ordinal-position hypothesis (faster learning of experimental than control items) was obtained only when the first serial list was learned by the serial-anticipation procedure. The results were consistent with earlier findings using nonretarded subjects. PMID- 1115097 TI - Training EMR and intellectually average adolescents of low and middle SES for formal thought. AB - This study was designed as an attempt to train EMR and intellectually average adolescents to achieve the stage of formal thought. The sample consisted of 120 white male subjects from secondary public schools. Sixty met the EMR criteria and 60 met the criteria for average intelligence. Thirty of each of these were of middle SES and 30 of low SES. Lister's (1970) training procedure was used. The results indicated that three was only negligible transfer. The results also indicated that the training was effective in helping the subjects' competence on the trained tasks. A significant interaction between SES and intelligence was also found. This finding was discussed in terms of the utility of the IQ test as a useful diagnostic tool with all SES levels. PMID- 1115098 TI - Alternatives to the design of manipulating a variable to compare retarded and nonretarded subjects. AB - In the design of manipulating a single variable to compare the performance of retarded and nonretarded subjects, the groups' response to the variable cannot demonstrate a loss of ability of retarded subjects. This is because tasks (measures at points on the variable) which differ on difficulty or on reliability also differ in power to distinguish subjects of differing ability. A solution is to hypothesize a differential deficit (greater deficit in response to one variable than another) and manipulate two variables. The tasks should be matched at all difficulty levels on reliability, mean, and variance of item difficulty and shape of the distribution of item difficulty. PMID- 1115099 TI - Factors related to the attitudes of nonretarded children toward their EMR peers. AB - Four hundred and twenty nonretarded children of both sexes attending grades five through eight in a suburban public school system were administered two attitude scales to determine the possible effects of contact, IQ, CA, and the educational level of the respondents' parents on attitudes toward their EMR peers. On one of the instruments, subjects who had contact with EMR peers reported more favorable attitudes, while on the other instrument, no differences were found. Of the subjects having contact, no differences were observed among high- and low-IQ groups. In general, the older the subjects, the more favorable were their attitudes. No differences were reported between male and female subjects. In all groups studied, the higher the level of educational attainment of the subjects' parents, the more negative were the subjects' attitudes toward their retarded peers. PMID- 1115100 TI - Probability learning in retarded children with differing histories of success and failure in shcool. AB - The effects of school-induced success and failure experiences on the probability learning performances of retarded children were investigated. In previous laboratory research, the hypotheses has been suggested that failure experiences would lead to greater maximization, less patterning, and less shifting of responses than success experiences. Fifteen retarded children exposed to repeated failure in the classroom, 15 retarded children exposed to a relatively high level of success in special-education classes, and 15 nonretarded children served as subjects. All subjects were matched for MA. The hypothesis suggesting that the laboratory findings generalized to the classroom was confirmed. In addition, it was found that locus of control and need for achievement were significant correlates of probability-learning performance. However, only locus of control differentiated the subject groups. PMID- 1115101 TI - Measuring adaptive behavior: the dynamics of a longitudinal approach. AB - The Adaptive Behavior Checklist was administered annually to the residents of the Miami (FL) Sunland Training Center for 4 consecutive years. As a means of assessing adaptive behavior, this checklist, was used to provide feedback as to the progress made by the residents, thus monitoring the effectiveness of the institution in achieving certain behavioral objectives. Data from a longitudinal study are presented along with the means by which the results were communicated to the staff. Correlations of the checklist with standard IQ scores were discussed as was the effectiveness of a revision of the Adaptive Behavior Checklist. PMID- 1115102 TI - Employee satisfactions in agencies serving retarded persons. AB - The work satisfactions of individuals employed by three agencies serving retarded persons were examined. The results contradicted the view held by most administrators that the individual's level of overall satisfaction is determined principally by his attitudes concerning employment in the field of mental retardation. Rather, the data suggest that satisfaction with the specific agency is the chief determinant of overall satisfaction. Extensive contact with clients and the perceived lack of client progress were found to be important sources of staff dissatisfaction. Finally, client-related dissatisfactions were often attributed to agency or staff deficiences. Implications for altering administrative practices were discussed. PMID- 1115103 TI - Effects of temporal grouping and redundancy level on the paired-associate learning of retarded adolescents and nonretarded children. AB - Institutionalized adolescents and nonretarded third-grade children were presented with sets of paired associates which differed in redundancy level and temporal grouping. Redundancy level (33 and 50 percent) was embedded in a list of paired associates by varying the number of repetitions in the response terms. The paired associates were presented temporally in blocks of twos (33 percent) or threes (50 percent). One-half of the subjects received the paired associates highly organized; i.e., all response terms of a temporal block were the same. During testing, all stimulus terms were presented simultaneously for the free-ordered recall of the response terms. For both groups, performance was superior following the more highly organized (congruent) presentation, with the performance of the nonretarded subjects exceeding that of the retarded adolescents. Comparisons were made with previous studies in this series. PMID- 1115104 TI - Effects of verbal rehearsal on discrimination learning in moderately retarded and nursery-school children. AB - In a simultaneous discrimination task with intradimensional shift, low-IQ and average-IQ children were required either to rehearse audibly a phase relating the positive cue to reward or not to rehearse audibly. A limited number of rehearsal trials substantially reduced discrimination errors and the facilitating effect transferred fully when new color cues were introduced and audible rehearsal stopped. Retarded subjects tended to need extra prompting to rehearse, but their discrimination performance showed no reliable deficit. It seems valuable to view the equal-MA deficit that retarded subjects have previously displayed on discrimination tasks as a consequence of deficiency in short-term memory strategies. PMID- 1115105 TI - Low-IQ deficit in intradimensional discrimination shift despite overtraining and verbal feedback. AB - One hundred and twenty low-IQ and average-IQ children (MA 5 to 7 years) were required to learn a 2-choice discrimination involving verbal and manual responses, with verbal correction of errors, before proceeding to an intradimensional shift with new color cues. One-half of each group also received 100 interpolated trials (overtraining) on the original task. Results disclosed a low-IQ deficit during original learning, which was absent during overtraining but recurred in the final phase, undiminished by either overtraining or verbal feedback conditions applied during the transfer phase. The findings oppose a theoretical explanation based on probability of attending to color, since the inference that this probability approximated 1 for all subjects was amply justified, thus emphasizing the need for alternative interpretations of the retarded subjects' difficulty. PMID- 1115106 TI - Perceptual-motor testing of mentally retarded persons. AB - The application of a restructured subtest of an intelligence scale to retarded persons, including those with Down's syndrome, led to no significant differences according to diagnostic group. With several subjects (10 percent of the total), more difficult tasks could be accomplished with success in contrast to simpler ones, and such findings were discussed in terms of increased structure and learning sets. PMID- 1115107 TI - A black female with the 48, XXXX chromosome constitution. AB - The case of a 19-year-old severly mentally retarded Black female with a 48,XXXX chromosome constitution is reported. She had low-set ears, minimum webbing of the neck, small inverted nipples, and tapering of the extremities. All ten digital patterns of the fingers were ulnar loops, resulting in a marked reduction of dermal ridge counts. PMID- 1115108 TI - Hysteroscopic diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. A report of fifty-three cases examined at the Women's Clinic of Kyoto University Hospital. AB - This presentation defines the instrumentation and technique of hysteroscopy for diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. Fifty-three patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were examined by hysteroscopy, followed by curettage which confirmed the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. It was felt that hysteroscopy not only could detect the existence and extent of endometrial carcinoma but also might depict histologic structures near the surface of cancerous lesions. Dilatation, hysteroscopy, and curettage should be an excellent method for diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma, perhaps replacing conventional dilatation and curettage. PMID- 1115109 TI - The effect of legalized abortion on morbidity resulting from criminal abortion. AB - In order to examine the effect of legalized abortion on the complications of criminal abortion, a surveillance system was established at a large urban hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. Between 1969 and 1973, legally induced abortions at this hospital increased logarithmically from 8 to 498 per quarter year. The number of women admitting to attempts at illegal abortion decreased significantly, but the decline began only after three years of increasing numbers of legal abortions. A slight decrease in the number of septic "spontaneous" abortions also occurred. Making legal abortion services available can result in a decrease in morbidity associated with illegal abortions, but the availability of legal abortion must be sufficiently broad to obviate having to resort to criminal means. PMID- 1115110 TI - Perturbations of the human menstrual cycle by oxymetholone. AB - The luteolytic activity of oxymetholone, and anabolic steroid, has been evaluated in 10 women. Administration early in the follicular phase of the cycle inhibited ovulation and prolonged the duration of the cycles in 2 of 3 subjects, but treatment beginning on Day 10 (3 subjects) did not prevent ovulation, although subsequent plasma progesterone concentrations were reduced. Treatment after ovulation (4 subjects) suppressed progesterone levels by 50 to 80 per cent and shortened cycle length by 6 to 8 days. Side effects were weight gain and bromosulfophthalein retention. The most likely mechanisms producing these perturbations are the inhibition of luteinizing hormone release early in the cycle and, later, inhibition of progesterone biosynthesis. PMID- 1115111 TI - Maternal and fetal plasma levels of pyridoxal phosphate at term: adequacy of vitamin B6 supplementation during pregnancy. AB - The effect of different amounts of vitamin B6 supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and fetal plasma levels of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) at term has been studied. Ten of 13 subjects given 2 to 2.5 mg. of vitamin B6 daily exhibited plasma PLP levels lower than 4.7 ng. per milliliter (the lower limit of normal for nonpregnant subjects). In contrast, only 4 of 11 subjects given a supplement of 10 mg. of vitamin B6 daily had plasma PLP less than this value. The mean plasma PLP level (64.4 ng. per milliliter) of 10 cord blood samples from newborn infants whose mothers exhibited plasma PLP levels greater than 4.7 ng. per milliliter was significantly higher (P less than or equal 0.005) than that (34.2 ng. per milliliter) from 14 newborn infants whose mothers had abnormally lowered plasma PLP concentrations. In cord plasma, an average venous-arterial gradient of 10.6 ng. per milliliter was observed, indicating that the fetus retains and/or degrades PLP. These results suggest that more than 2 to 2.5 mg. of vitamin B6 supplement daily is required for most pregnancies to restore normal vitamin B6 nutrition in the mother and, perhaps, also in the fetus. PMID- 1115112 TI - Plasma deoxyribonucleic acid concentrations of women in labor and umbilical cords. AB - The concentration of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in plasma from 30 women in labor and plasma from the umbilical cords was determined with a rapid, inexpensive, and simple fluorometric method. These concentrations of DNA were compared to the plasma DNA concentrations of nonpregnant women. The mean plasma DNA concentration of women in labor was significantly lower than the mean plasma DNA concentration of nonpregnant women in the use of 99 per cent confidence limits. The mean plasma DNA concentration of umbilical cords during the third stage of labor was significantly lower than the mean plasma DNA concentrations of women in labor with the use of 99 per cent confidence limits and of nonpregnant women using 99.9 per cent confidence limits. PMID- 1115113 TI - A rapid method for the measurement of estradiol and hydrocortisone levels in maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid. AB - Estradiol and hydrocortisone levels in maternal and fetal (umbilical cord) blood in human pregnancy can be simultaneously assessed by this method. Chromatography on microcolumns of Sephadex LH-20 with benzene:methanol (85:15) as developing solvent is used to separate estradiol, hydrocortisone, and isatin (a yellow colored substance used as marker) from interfering steroids. Human late pregnancy plasma is used as the source of both sex hormone-binding globulin and transcortin for the competitive protein-binding assay of estradiol and hydrocortisone, respectively. The method is rapid enough to permit the monitoring of a high-risk pregnancy for plasma estradiol levels on a daily basis. The method is sensitive enough to permit assessment of perinatal adrenocortical function. Hydrocortisone levels can be measured in as little as 3 ml. of amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis and preliminary results indicated that hydrocortisone can be determined in as little as 0.1 ml. of fetal scalp blood or newborn baby blood. PMID- 1115114 TI - The significance of meconium staining. AB - Meconium staining of the placenta and/or fetal body was present at birth in 10.3 per cent of 42,000 live-born infants, but present disproportionately in 18.1 per cent of 788 neonatal deaths. The neonatal mortality rate was 3.3 per cent in the stained group and 1.7 per cent in the nonstained group. Among infants who died, the incidence of erythroblastosis was quadrupled and that of cardiovascular malformation was doubled in the stained group. Meconium staining was associated with a decrease in the expected frequency of hyaline membranes and atelectasis even in premature infants; hypotheses for this phenomenon were presented. Meconium staining of the fetus or placenta requires several hours of exposure. As a hypothesis, the observed increase of deaths in stained neonates may be related to the stresses of cumulative or chronic hypoxia which may occur after the initial passage of meconium if delivery is prolonged.?23AUTHOR PMID- 1115115 TI - Cord blood coagulation studies in infants of high-risk pregnant women. AB - A prospective study of cord blood for coagulability, evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and hematocrit was done in 106 infants who were offspring of mothers with high-risk pregnancies (pre-eclampsia, diabets mellitus, third-trimester bleeders, severe erythroblastosis fetalis, maternal hypertension, fetal distress, and spontaneous premature labor). Significant changes of hypercoagulability (low AT-III and abnormal TEG) were seen in the third-trimester bleeder and premature labor groups which also had the highest incidence of IRDS and necrotizing. Infants undergoing "stress" (pre-eclampsia, fetal distress) had elevated levels of factors V and VIII but were not hypercoagulable or AT-III deficient. Except for mild thrombocytopenia, infants of the diabetic mothers, a group with increased thrombotic complications, did not show any cord blood abnormalities. Offspring of third-trimester bleeders were anemic. The EBF infants were also anemic, severely hypercoagulable, and showed coagulation changes compatible with severe liver disease and/or DIC. Mild changes compatible with intravascular coagulation were seen in six infants and were not related to the the development of IRDS. PMID- 1115116 TI - Correlation of fetal heart rate, maternal heart rate, and age of pregnancy. AB - External fetal electrocardiography was performed in three groups of normal pregnant patients delivered of normal newborn infants. Maternal and fetal heart rates were compared and maternal heart rates in the three trimesters were analyzed. Mean heart rates, as well as standard deviations of the three groups, were compared in mother and fetus. The results confirm previous work establishing the independence of fetal and maternal heart rates in the absence of maternal hemodynamic changes mediated by various factors. PMID- 1115117 TI - Cesarean section prevents placenta-to-infant transfusion despite delayed cord clamping. AB - We have adapted and calibrated an accurate method for measuring residual placement blood volume (RPBV). We used this method in 33 normal vaginal deliveries and 18 cesarean section deliveries in which the umbilical cord was clamped from 5 to 118 seconds after delivery. Infants born vaginally received 10 to 20 ml. per kilogram of body weight of placental transfusion when umbilical cord was not clamped until 30 seconds or more after delivery. Equivalent delay of umbilical cord clamping in cesarean section infants produced no placental transfusion. PMID- 1115118 TI - Intra-amniotic urea as a midtrimester abortifacient: clinical results and serum and urinary changes. AB - Seventy-four patients, from 16 to 20 weeks pregnant, received intra-amniotic urea (80 Gm.) and intravenous oxytocin for the purpose of inducing abortion. Seventy one of the 74 patients were successfully aborted by the primary method with a mean injection-to-abortion interval of 18.33 hours. There were no serious side effects, and the mean hospital stay was 32 hours. Following urea injection, the mean serum urea nitrogen rose to 33 mg. per cent at 4 hours. Maximum changes in serum electrolytes occurred at 8 to 12 hours after injection and included a decrease in the mean concentrations of sodium, chloride, and carbon dioxide and an increase in serum potassium. An increase in the urinary excretion of urea began within 4 hours, but significant diuresis did not occur in the presence of intravenous oxytocin administration. There was a significant increase in the leukocyte concentration while hematocrit values remained unchanged. Beginning approximately 8 hours following urea injection, the mean plasma fibinogen concentrations decreased by approximately 15 per cent and the mean platelet count showed a drop of approximately 18 per cent. Fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products were significantly increased in 36 per cent of the patients studied. PMID- 1115119 TI - Ethnic differences in neonatal jaundice: comparison of Japanese and Caucasian newborn infants. AB - The incidence of neonatal jaundice was compared in Japanese and Caucasian infants at The Roosevelt Hospital between January, 1970, and August, 1972. The Japanese group was found to have significantly higher neonatal jaundice of unknown etiology (57 .39 per cent) than the Caucasian group (16 per cent). Twenty-three per cent of the Japanese group and none of the Caucasian group developed hyperbilirubinemia exceeding 15 mg. per 100 ml. of serum PMID- 1115120 TI - Estrogen potency of oral contraceptive pills. AB - The estrogen potencies of 9 oral contraceptive pills, Enovid-E, Enovid-5, Ovulen, Demulen, Norinyl+80, Norinyl+50, Ovral, Norlestrin 1 mg. and Norlestrin 2.5 mg., were determined by bioassay. Relative estrogen potency was determined by analysis of variance. Enovid-5, the most estrogenic compound, had a potency of 4.88 compared to ethinyl estradiol, 50 mcg. equal 1.00; Ovral, the least estrogenic compound, had a potency of 0.81, a sixfold difference. Estrogen potencies at a fractional dose of 0.00155 correlate with reports of the incidence of minor side effects and thromboembolic disease. The effect of progestins on estrogen potency was purely additive (norgestrel and norethynodrel), purely antagonistic, or additive at low concentrations and antagonistic at high concentrations (norethindrone, norethindrone acetate, and ethynodiol diacetate). These results suggest that pills with a greater margin of safety might be developed by utilizing greater ratios of progestin to estrogen. In addition, differences in relative estrogen potency of oral contraceptive pills may be used as a basis for better clinical selection. PMID- 1115121 TI - Cellular hypersensitivity in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. AB - A group of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were tested for cellular hypersensitivity prior to the initiation of therapy. Fourteen of 15 patients manifested inhibition of leukocyte migration with homologous tumor extracts, and 13 patients showed inhibition with autologous tumor extracts. Lymphocytes from 10 to 11 patients exhibited cytotoxicity for a homologous cell line and lymphocytes from 4 to 5 patients, for autologous cell lines. These results indicate that the absence of cellular hypersensitivity is infrequent in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. A comparison of the degree of sensitivity detected by use of each test showed a good correlation in a group of 10 patients. The efficacy of both autologous and homologus antigens to react with sensitized leukocytes supports the hypothesis that these antigens are tumor related. Although no correlation was found among the immunologic tests, clinical status of the patient, or prognosis based on the evaluation of several histologic parameters, further studies are needed to determine the usefulness of these tests as a prognostic index in individual patients, especially in patients with Stage I carcinoma. PMID- 1115122 TI - Significance of cervicovaginal cytology after radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma. AB - During follow-up examinations; 1,338 cervicovaginal cytologic smears were obtained from 254 women who had irradiation therapy for cervical cancer. These specimens were meticulously searched for the various cellular phenomena that may characterize such preparations, and some of the findings were subjectively quantitated. Correlations were made with histopathologic diagnoses, clinical findings, and results of treatment. Patients with malignant postradiation cells who were promptly treated for latent new or recurrent tumors generally responded well to treatment of the secondary tumor. The presence of malignant cells at any time after completion of therapy is an ominous sign, irrespective of the clinical status, and should lead to intensive effort to identify the site of a new or persisting lesion. The significance of dysplasia in postradiation smears is not entirely clear, and in certain instances it is difficult to distinguish severely dysplastic cells from either repair cells or malignant cells. PMID- 1115123 TI - Androgens in breast cancer. III. Breast cancer recurrences years after mastectomy and increased androgenic activity. AB - To test the hypothesis that increased androgenic activity is involved in breast cancer, the urinary testosterone was assayed in 19 clinically cured breast cancer patients and in 22 patients developing metastases from breast cancer during the same period of observation (5 to 15 years after mastectomy). The levels in the clinically cured patients were near normal whereas those in patients with metastases were significantly above normal. PMID- 1115124 TI - All vulvar lesions should be biopsied. Basal cell carcinoma--an example of the futility of diagnosis by gross appearance. AB - Gross polymorphism of basal cell carcinoma of the vulva as well as all vulvar lesions calls for biopsy of any suspicious areas in that region. In most instances local excision is satisfactory treatment. Close follow-up is necessary as the recurrence rate is approximately 20 per cent even when the lesion is completely resected. PMID- 1115125 TI - Ovarian response to exogenously administered human gonadotropins during the postpartum period. AB - Eighteen normal puerperal women received a combined administration of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and the ovarian response to these human gonadotropins was evaluated by the daily estimation of the 24 hour urinary excretion of total estrogens. Fourteen of the 18 subjects studied were responsive to the exogenously administered gonadotropins with a rise in the urinary estrogen excretion. Moreover, plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels during the postpartum period were low compared to normal cycle gonadotropin levels. Thus, it might be concluded that puerperal anovulation and amenorrhea during lactation might be due to hypophyseal gonadotropic dysfunction rather than to ovarian refractoriness. PMID- 1115126 TI - The coagulation mechanism in labor at term induced with prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - The prostaglandins, especially the PGE series, produce profound effects on platelet function in vitro. It has been reported that PGF2alpha and the PGE series do not affect the clotting mechanism when used to induce midterm abortion, in contrast to that induced with hypertonic saline but the effect of these drugs on the clotting mechanism when used to induce term labor has not been reported. Labor was induced with intravenous PGF2alpha in eight patients, at 32 to 41 weeks' gestation, with premature rupture of the membranes. Three samples were obtained: (1) anteceding the administration of the drug, (2) during the peak drug effect during active labor, and (3) approximately 12 hours post partum. No significant changes were seen in the prothrombin or partial thromboplastin times, platelet numbers or aggregation with ADP, fibrinogen levels, euglobulin lysis times, and circulating fibrin split products. The circulation of thrombin as shown by a specific test for fibrin monomer was not demonstrated. PMID- 1115127 TI - The effect of plasma retransfusion on the blood pressure in the puerperium. AB - Whole blood was collected from five patients with severe pre-eclampsia, three with mild pre-eclampsia, and three with normal uneventful pregnancies. The red cells were separated and replaced. The plasma was stored until after the patients were delivered and on the sixth postpartum day they were autotransfused with plasma. This caused a rise in blood pressure in the patients with pre-eclampsia but an aliquot which was stored for six weeks and then retransfused into these patients did not cause any change in blood pressure. No blood pressure changes were found in the normal control subjects at six days or six weeks post partum. It is postulated that patients with pre-eclampsia develop altered vascular sensitivity to normal amounts of circulating pressor substance and that his sensitivity lasts for a week after delivery but not as long as six weeks. PMID- 1115128 TI - Results of 313 consecutive live births of infants delivered to patients in the New York City Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program. AB - Patients characteristics, birth results, and follow-up status are described for the first 313 babies born live to patients on the Methadone Maintainance Treatment Program operated by the New York Department of Health. Data were derived from the birth certificates and methadone clinic and hospital records. Comparisons with reports in the literature are noted. No significant association was found between maternal dosage of methadone in the last trimester of pregnancy and lentth of gestation, birth weight, or the reported presence of withdrawal symptoms in the neonate. The infant mortality rate was identical to the over-all New York City rate, specific for ethnicity. After an average of 6 1/2 months following delivery, 86 per cent of the mothers remained on the program. PMID- 1115129 TI - Serum human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone patterns in the last trimester of pregnancy: relationship to fetal sex. AB - Concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and progesterone were measured in the peripheral sera of 101 normal pregnant women between 25 and 41 weeks' gestation. HCG levels rose significantly with advancing gestation in the 43 female-bearers (r equals 0.516, p less than 0.001), whereas the 58 male bearers showed no change (r equals 0.168, p greater than 0.1). Mean HCG levels were significantly higher in female- than in male-bearers (10.7 plus or minus standard error 1.0 versus 8.0 plus or minus 0.9 International Units per milliliter; p less than 0.05). Progesterone levels rose significantly in both female- and male-bearers. The calculated regression lines and mean levels (female bearers 9.1 plus or minus 0.5; male-bearers 9.8 plus or minus 0.4 mug per deciliter) were not significantly different. There was no correlation between HCG and progesterone levels in either sex or in the entire group independent of gestational age. It is postulated that the lower HCG levels observed at term in male-bearers may result from an inhibitory influence of the higher progesterone and/or androgen concentrations in the male umbilical arterial circulation. PMID- 1115130 TI - Treatment of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy with propranolol. AB - The treatment of two pregnant thyrotoxic patients with propranolol alone is discussed. One patient had a spontaneous remission during pregnancy wile taking propranolol. In the other patient treatment with propranolol allowed postponement of definitive therapy until after delivery, when the fetus was no longer at risk. There were no complications of therapy in either patient and both infants were normal. The use of propranolol in thyrotoxicosis is discussed and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Regional anesthesia is preferred over general anesthsia in patients taking propranolol. Patients taking propranolol who require general anesthesia for delivery should have continuous monitoring of electrocardiogram and central venous pressure. To this date no method of therapy has been free of fetal side effects. Surgical treatment is associated with occasional abortion or premature labor; antithyroid medication occasionally results in fetal goiter or cretinism. PMID- 1115131 TI - Restricting legal abortion: Some maternal and child health effects in Romania. AB - The dramatic rise of the Romanian birth rate in 1967 following the restrictive abortion decree of late 1966 is well known. Less well known are significant changes in key maternal and child health indicators in the period after 1966. Possible reasons for these changes are discussed as are the implications of the Romanian experience for population policy and abortion research in the United States. PMID- 1115132 TI - Antenatal fetal growth from the nineteenth week. Ultrasonic study of 12 head and chest dimensions. AB - Fetal head, chest, and heart cross-sections obtained by ultrasonic diagnostic techniques were used for several measurements: circumference, area, and two diameters, i.e., 3,388 different measurements from 767 healthy fetuses in normal pregnancies. The mean growth for 12 fetal sizes between the nineteenth and the forty-third weeks after the LMP was computed by determining the best adjusted polynomial according to Tchebitcheff. Compared with similar measurements made previously by others on premature neonates, the sizes of healthy fetuses of the same gestational age are larger, but almost identical after the thirty-sixth week. Growth standards based on the sizes of premature neonates may be influenced by the factors responsible for premature birth. PMID- 1115133 TI - Propionate metabolism in fetal livers of 15 to 19 weeks' gestation. AB - Extracts of hepatic tissue obtained from saline-induced abortuses were analyzed for methylmalonyl CoA carbonylmutase (MM) and propionyl CoA carboxylase (PC) activity. MM activity was similar to control values, which suggests that abortion material may be used to confirm the prenatal diagnosis of methylmalonic acidemia. Confirmation of a presumptive propionic acidemia diagnosis is more tenuous due to the instability of PC and the possibility that saline may induce PC activity. PMID- 1115134 TI - Midtrimester abortion induced by serial intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15 methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha. AB - Midtrimester abortion was successfully induced in 35 patients by serial intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha. The dose schedule in this series was an initial injection of 250 mug of 15-ME-PGF2alpha followed by another 250 mug in 2 hours, then 500 mug every 2 hours up to 24 hours; in patients who did not abort within 24 hours the dose was raised to 750 mug every 2 hours until abortion. The mean abortion time was 15.98 hours in this series and 86 per cent of the patients aborted in under 24 hours. Parous patients aborted faster (mean 14.81 hours) than nulliparous patients (mean 17.02 hours) and patients with lower gestational age, 13 to 16 weeks, aborted more quickly (mean 13.98 hours) than patients with gestational age 17 to 20 weeks (mean 16.35). These differences in this series, however, were not statistically significant. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred in 32 of the 35 patients and eight patients had a temperature elevation of more than 1 degree F. during the treatment period. The mean estimated blood loss was 137 plus or minus 42 ml. Thirty patients passed the fetal-placental unit intact, the placenta was removed by sponge forceps in three patients, and by surgical intervention in two patients. There were no failures of technique in this study and none of the patients developed endometritis. PMID- 1115135 TI - Pregnancy in the presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device and amniotic fluid embolism: a possible association. PMID- 1115136 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma: case report. PMID- 1115137 TI - Maternal/fetal bilirubin transfer. PMID- 1115138 TI - Treatment of endometriosis with Danazol. PMID- 1115139 TI - Ectopic pregnancy after postcoital diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 1115140 TI - Vulvar basal cell carcinoma with metastasis: a case report. PMID- 1115141 TI - Congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism with menorrhagia as a primary complication of adolescence. PMID- 1115142 TI - Letter: Tuboovarian abscess associated with laparoscopic tubal cauterization and the intrauterine contraceptive device. PMID- 1115143 TI - Association of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with severe pre-eclampsia. PMID- 1115144 TI - Serum androstenedione levels during normal and human menopausal gonadotropin induced human pregnancies. AB - 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and androstenedione (A) were measured frequently during the first trimester of five human pregnancies. Two were normally conceived and three were HMG induced. Of the HMG induced, two showed signs of hyperstimulation and one did not. 17-OHP and A patterns were very similar in the HMG-induced pregnancies from about days 25 to 60, after which the 17-OHP levels continued to drop. The A remained fairly constant after that time. In the normally conceived pregnancies the 17-OHP showed its characteristic rise and fall from about days 25 to 60, but A remained relatively constant throughout this period of time. The pattern of A in normal pregnancies is in marked contrast to that observed in HMG-induced pregnancies. Results from HMG-induced pregnancied may not, therefore, be always applicable to normal ones. PMID- 1115145 TI - The circulating vasopressinase of pregnancy: species comparison with radioimmunoassay. AB - A vasopressin substrate radioimmunoassay (RIA) system is described for the measurement of the vasopressinase elaborated during pregnancy. Results show that vasopressinase activity increases in the sera of pregnant women throughout gestation. At term, under the in vitro conditions described, pregnancy serum degrades vasopressin (Pitressin) at a rate of 53 mU. per milliliter of serum per minute. Serum obtained from paired umbilical cord samples had an activity of 9.2 muU per milliliter per minute; amniotic fluid obtained at delivery had an activity of 16.6 muU per milliliter per minute. Pregnancy serum obtained from sheep, rabbits, and rats, ovine umbilical cord serum, and ovine amniotic fluid had no detectable vasopressinase activity. Normal human male serum, nonpregnant female serum, and serum from women taking contraceptive agents also exhibited no activity. PMID- 1115146 TI - Effects of blood or meconium on the determination of the amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. AB - Increasing quantities of maternal and fetal serum were added to amniotic fluids with orignal high or low lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios. It was found that serum contains an L/S ratio of approximately 1.31 to 1.46 and therefore its addition lowered high L/S ratios and raised low L/S ratios. The addition of meconium to amniotic fluid decreased the L/S ratio. PMID- 1115148 TI - Computer monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine pressure. AB - With the introduction of continuous recording cardiotocographs in the labor room the large quantity of numerical data produced suggested the computer would be of use. In this preliminary study two computers were used: one initially to collect data and later to give comment and advice as the data was collected and the other for in-depth anaylsis of the previously collected data. On the basis of this new information a new way of analyzing and categorizing labor is suggested and some of the clinical impact so far achieved is described. PMID- 1115147 TI - Extraovular prostaglandin F2alpha for early midtrimester abortion. AB - Twenty patients who were 13 to 15 weeks pregnant received extraovular prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2a) in dosages of 3 mg. every 1 to 3 hours. Ninety five per cent of the patients successfully aborted and 30 per cent of the patients had retained placental tissue. The mean abortion time was 17 3/4 hours and the average total dose used was 29.2 mg. The abortion time appeared to decrease with parity and had no relationship to weeks of gestation. Only one patient failed to abort after 31 hours of therapy. She required a curettage and was the only patient to develop a postabortion infection. The technique appears to compare favorably with the results of intra-amniotic PGF2a. Extraovular prostaglandin may therefore be of particular value in inducing abortion in patients who are in the early midtrimester of pregnancy, i.e., when intra amniotic instillation is technically infeasible. PMID- 1115149 TI - The placental pathology of small-for-gestational age infants. AB - There is a lack of placental studies of newborn infants who are small for gestational age (SGA). In a gross and light micorscopy evaluation of 63 referred placentas associated with singleton SGA infants, abnormalities were found in 58. In many instances these were considered of causal significance. Abnormalities included ischemic lesions (43 per cent), often related to a history of pre eclampsia. In this group of specimens, severe X-cell proliferation was present, possibly related to a mechanism of delay of the onset of lavor. Approximately 25 per cent of the placentas showed villitis of unknown etiology. This is presumed to be of infectious etiology, probably viral. Sixteen per cent of the infants died. PMID- 1115150 TI - Possible role of the fetal adrenal glands in the etiology of postmaturity. AB - Plasma cortisol levels were studied in the cord blood and neonatal blood of the following vaginally delivered groups: (A) postmature; (B) postterm (but not postmature); and (C) term neonates. Significantly lower levels of 8 A.M. neonatal plama cortisol were found in postmature neonates when compared with term neonates (P LESS THAN 0.02) or merely postterm neonates (P LESS THAN 0.02). No difference was found in the cord blood cortisol levels in all three groups. Contrary to the traditional belief that postmaturity results from placental aging, our findings appear to indicate that postmaturity represents a specific fetal disorder. Fetal adrenal insufficiency may be a characteristic of this disorder. Prolonged pregnancy in these cases may be reflected inability of the affected fetus to initiate labor. PMID- 1115152 TI - Correlation between urinary testosterone or estrogen excretion levels and interstitial cell-stimulating hormone concentrations in normal postmenopausal women. AB - The purpose of the present study was to find out whether there is a correlation between the urinary levels of testosterone or of estrogens (estrone and estradiol) and ICSH urinary concentration in normal postmenopausal women. Examination of 35 normal subjects at different postmenopausal ages (from one year to over 10 years after menopause) showed a highly significant inverse correlation between ICSH and testosterone urinary excretion levels (coefficient of correlation "r" equals minus 0.548), but none between the urinary estrogen excretion levels and ICSH urinary concentrations. PMID- 1115151 TI - Inhibition of cyclic gonadotropin secretion by endogenous human prolactin. AB - The resumption of cyclic uterine bleeding reportedly accompanies the use of human prolactin (HPRL)-suppressing agents in postpill galactorrhea-amenorrhea. In this laboratory, HPRL suppression with L-dopa was variable and short lived. Basal plasma HPRL levels were elevated before and after as much as five months of therapy. Galactorrhea persisted and mean gonadotropin concentrations were subnormal. An immediate and sustained attenuation of HPRL secretion ( less than 200 per cent) followed the use of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154). Cyclic gonadotropin secretion resumed and was accompanied by ovulation and, in one instance, pregnancy. The cessation of galactorrhea was positively correlated with the rise in the daily concentration of 17 beta-estradiol. Cyclic postovulatory menstruation continued after the cessation of CB-154 treatment. HPRL levels remained normal. The daily patterns of human follicle-stimulating hormone (HFSH) and human tuteinizing hormone (HLH) secretion created by the suppression of HPRL displayed an inherent rhythmicity identical to that observed at the time of menarche. The inhibitory effects of HPRL appeared directed at cyclic rather than tonic gonadotropin secretion. At the same time, diminished ovarian estrogen production seemed to increase mammary gland sensitivity to HPRL, leading to lactation. One may postulate, therefore, that the ingestion of sex steroids is associated with an over-all suppression of endogenous cyclic and, to a lesser extent, tonic gonadotropin secretion secondary to which ovarian function is attenuated. Without physiologic concentration of circulating estrogen, HPRL induces mammary alveolar function with the production of a milklike secretion. PMID- 1115153 TI - Significance of timing for the postcoital evaluation of cervical mucus. AB - This investigation was designed to determine the role of cervical mucus in the dynamic in vivo distirbution of transported spermatozia in the human reproductive tract. Forty-two normal subjects had midcycle cervical mucus collection at various times after insemination. Sperm were identified in the cervical mucus at the level of the internal as shortly after insemination. The numbers of sperm in cervical mucus were directly related to the numbers of sperm in the inseminate and were related to time from insemenation. In order to obtain optimal information, the postcoital examination for the presence of sperm should be performed within two and one-half hours after semen exposure. It was also determined that cervical mucus does serve as a reservoir for those sperm which are transported to the Fallopian tubes. PMID- 1115154 TI - Prophylactic internal iliac artery ligation at cesarean hysterectomy. AB - One hundred and eight preplanned cesarean hysterectomies have been evaluated in an effort to determine that advisability of prophylactic bilateral hypogastric artery ligation when there is anticipated heavy bleeding associated with surgery. The data indicates that prophylactic bilateral internal iliac artery ligation is of questionable value in reducing operative bleeding, which can be controlled by more conventional means. However, when used therapeutically, it may be a lifesaving operation. Familiarity with the procedure is necessary for all those performing operative obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 1115156 TI - Complications of pregnancy with an intrauterine contraceptive device in situ. AB - Thirty-one consecutive pregnant women with intrauterine contraceptive devices in situ were studied. The devices consisted of the coil, loop, or bow. The pregnancies showed a high incidence of abortion, ectopic pregnancy, premature labor, premature rupture of the membranes, sepsis, and hemorrhage. Associated with these maternal complications was a high incidnece of fetal wastage. A recommendation is made for early interruption of the pregnancy. PMID- 1115155 TI - Hormone-releasing silicone-rubber intrauterine contraceptive devices. Effect of incorporation of various compounds on intrauterine contraceptive devices in rats. AB - Intrauterine devices (IUD's) containing 0, 5, or 10 per cent by weight of progesterone, melengestrol acetate (MGA), norethindrone, norgestrel, medroxyprogesterone acetate, isoxsuprine, or R2323 or wound with fine copper wire were placed in one or both horns of cycling female rats. All the progestins improved retention of the silicone-rubber IUD's to some degree. The effects of these compounds on the estrous cycle, mating, ovulation, fertilization, tubal transport, and implantation varied among the compounds. Effects were local or systemic, depending upon the amount and the drug. Uterine motility studies showed clearly that 5 per cent MGA decreased uterine motility; however, no consistent results could be obtained using the other compounds in the same in vivo system. PMID- 1115157 TI - Congenital absence of the uterine cervix. AB - Surgical correction of congenital atresia of the uterine cervix by creation of a fistulous communication between the functioning endometrial cavity and the vagina with the use of the atretic cervix as a conduit has been performed in two patients. This technique, which permits egress of menstrual blood and the retention of the capacity to reproduce, should replace hysterectomy as the treatment of choice for this extremely unusual and formerly hopeless Mullerian duct anomaly. PMID- 1115158 TI - Effect of thirty-two per cent dextran 70 on peritoneal adhesion formation. AB - Twenty-one female rabbits underwent laparotomy and a standardized injury was produced on the right uterine horn and Fallopian tube. Following the injury eight animals were used as controls and thirteen were injected intrapertoneally with 50 ml. of 32 per cent dextran 70. Six weeks later the animals were killed and the adhesions graded. All control animals had dense adhersions of the injured areas to bowel or peritoneum. The dextran animals showed marked reduction in the extent and degree of adhesions. Possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed and the problems raised, by adhesion formation, to the gynecologist are reviewed. PMID- 1115159 TI - Endometriosis of the appendix. Report of twelve cases and review of the literature. AB - Twelve cases of endometriosis of the vermiform appendix are discribed and reviewed. The incidence of 0.80 per cent is higher than has been previously reported. None of the patients displayed symptoms of acute appendicitis, however, five (42 per cent) patients had symptoms suggestive of chronic or cyclic appendicitis. Laboratory tests were nondiagnostic of this lesion. There did not appear to be a correlation between the histologic location of the endometriosis and the symptoms of chronic or cyclic appendicitis. All cases of endometriosis of the appendix were discovered as a result of incidental appendectomy. PMID- 1115160 TI - Editorial: Summary of analysis of published articles. September 1, 1972 through August 31, 1974. PMID- 1115161 TI - The efficacy of intramuscular 15 methyl prostaglandin E2 in second-trimester abortion. Coagulation and hormonal aspects. AB - Termination of pregnancy in the second trimester is sometimes associated with serious complications. This led to clinical investigation seeking methods superior to the traditional technique utilizing hypertonic saline. Intra-amniotic administration of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2-alpha has been developed and appears to be advantageous--especially in the area of coagulation stability. This study describes a technique for intramuscular administration of a prostaglandin analogue--15 methyl prostaglandin E2. This analogue is much more potent than the natural compound. Administration to 32 patients resulted in abortion in 28. The coagulation milieu remained completely intact and all other parameters were similar to previous published data for prostaglandin administration. There were no infections in this group of patients. PMID- 1115162 TI - The relaxing effect of terbutaline on the human uterus during term labor. AB - The uterine and cardiovascular responses to the adrenergic beta2-receptor stimulator terbutaline (TRB) were investigated in 14 patients in normal term labor. TRB, administered intravenously at a rate of 10 to 20 mug per minute, effectively inhibited uterine activity in advanced labor and also expulsion. Intravenous injection of TRB, 250 mug, diminished oxytocin-induced uterine hyperactivity. No serious side effects of the drug were observed; the circulatory effects were minimal, except for a tolerable maternal tachycardia. The mode of action and clinical application of TRB for inhibition of unwanted uterine activity are discussed. PMID- 1115163 TI - Methadone assays in pregnant women and progeny. AB - Data on the concentration of methadone in maternal plasma and urine of pregnant women on methadone in relationship to levels of amniotic fluid, cord blood, fetal urines, and breast milk are presented. These findings do not demonstrate a simple relationship between methadone levels in the neonate and the intensity of the withdrawal syndrome. The effects of multiple drug abuse and other as yet unknown factors may influence the severity of withdrawal signs in the neonate. PMID- 1115164 TI - Immunoreactive calcitonin in the mother, neonate, child and adult. AB - Immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) was measured in umbilical arterial and venous blood and in maternal peripheral blood in 32 normal deliveries. The results were compared with values found in nonpregnant adult females. The umbilical arterial blood contained significantly higher concentrations of iCT than umbilical venous blood (p less than 0.001). The serum iCT in maternal peripheral blood was significantly higher than in normal nonpregnant subjects (p less than 0.001). Serum iCT was also measured in 342 male and female subjects ranging in age from 1 hour to 60 years. Serum iCT was found to be high early in life and to diminish with age. Our data suggest that calcitonin may be of physiologic significance in bone formation during intrauterine life and childhood. High serum iCT may also be responsible for the hypocalcemia seen in the neonatal period. PMID- 1115165 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility and the Lamaze childbirth experience. AB - This study explored the relationship between childbirth training and hypnotic susceptibility. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the various medical and attitudinal variables related to the subjects' Lamaze childbirth experience and these were tested against hypnotic susceptibility. The results of the analysis indicate that hypnotic susceptibility is not significantly related to Lamaze training, nor is it significantly related to the type of childbirth experience that a Lamaze-trained woman has. PMID- 1115166 TI - Pulmonary insufficiency associated with pregnancy. AB - Six obstetric patients with severe pulmonary insufficiency are presented. The volume respirator and quality intensive care remain the basis of treatment. Experience with extracorporeal oxygenation is discussed. The patients demonstrated the typical progression seen in lung disease. An acute, severe insult is followed by hypoxia and pulmonary insufficiency with ensuing pulmonary fibrosis. Serious infection, coagulopathies, and mechanical problems of ventilation add to the difficulty of treatment and the high mortality rate in what may be referred to as an adult respiratory distress syndrome. It is important for the clinician to take an aggressive approach in the management of severe respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 1115167 TI - Hemolytic disease of the neonate secondary to anti-Fya. AB - A case of hemolytic disease secondary to anti-Fya in a neonate requiring exchange transfusion is presented. A review of the literature reveals 18 previous cases, with 32 per cent requiring exchange transfusion and a 16 per Fya-b- or Fya-b+ blood can be obtained for exchange transfusion if indicated. PMID- 1115168 TI - Amniotic fluid phospholipids and fatty acids in normal pregnancies. Relation to gestational age and neonatal condition. AB - The plamitic acid/stearic acid ratio (P/S) follows such a rise during weeks 35 and 36 that it can be considered as a valuable index of gestational age. PMID- 1115169 TI - Enzymes of normal and malignant trophoblast: phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. AB - In this study we compare the specific activities and isoenzyme patterns of five enzymes--phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase--in term placenta with the analogous enzymes in a clone of choriocarcinoma cells grown in culture. Phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, and lactate dehydrogenase specific activities of the choriocarcinoma did not differ by more than two or three times from the mean activities of the comparable enzymes in placenta; the specific activity of hexokinase in the choriocarcinoma amounted to 14 per cent of the mean value for placenta. In contrast, the mean specific activity of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in the choriocarcinoma amounted to only 1 per cent of the mean value for placenta. By growing the cells in 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 20 mug per milliliter, we were able to increase alkaline phosphatase activity to 68 per cent of the mean value for placenta. For both extracts, phosphoglucose isomerase zymograms were similar and phosphoglucomutase zymograms were similar. The hexokinase zymogram of term placenta showed two isoenzymes which stained more intensely with 0.5 mM. glucose than with 0.1M glucose. A hexokinase isoenzyme was observed in zymograms of both extracts which stained more intensely with 0.1M glucose than with 0.5 mM glucose. Lactate dehydrogenase exhibited an extra isoenzyme in the choriocarcinoma extract. When the cells were cultivated in medium containing 5 mug per milliliter of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, the induced phosphatase in the cell line was electrophoretically similar to placental phosphatase. At higher concentrations of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, the most anodal isoenzyme was 0.5 cm. slower in mobility than the comparable placental isoenzyme. PMID- 1115170 TI - Gonadotropin excretion in response to audiostimulation of human subjects. PMID- 1115171 TI - Log normal distribution of gonadotropins and ovarian steroid values in the normal menstrual cycle. AB - In the statistical analysis of the values of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone obtained from normal menstrual cycles, a depature from normality was noted. Chi square, W test, and linear transformation were used to check the normality of the distributions. The results of this investigation showed that the distributions were not normal (Gaussian) but log-normal. By plotting the probit of the percentages of cumulative frequency on a log scale (probit-log), linearity of the data was obtained. This resulted in direct graphical estimations of values with a useful clinical range, which included the mean and the 95 per cent confidence interval. PMID- 1115172 TI - Clinical categorization of patients with secondary amenorrhea using progesterone induced uterine bleeding and measurement of serum gonadotropin levels. AB - A group of ninety unselected women with secondary amenorrhea of at least six months' duration were studied retrospectively. By the use of intramuscular progesterone in oil, it was possible to categorize these patients according to their positive or negative uterine bleeding response. LH, FSH, and estradiol values in the 63 patients of the positive category had a log-normal distribution. LH values were found to be composed of two different populations; FSH and estradiol values were composed of only one population. Based on these LH determinations the entire positive category was then divided into two groups. Patients with high levels of LH (Group I) were clinically diagnosed to have polycystic ovarian disease. Patients with normal levels of LH (Group II) were diagnosed to have hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. The 27 patients who failed to have withdrawal uterine bleeding were placed in the negative category. These patients also were shown to have a log-normal distribution for LH, FSH, and estradiol. In contrast to the patients in the positive category, FSH values in these patients were made up of two different populations whereas LH and estradiol values showed only one population. Based on the FSH values these patients were divided into two groups, one with low and normal levels of FSH (Group III) and the second population with high levels of FSH designated as Group IV. Group III represented those patients with hypothalamic-pituitary failure and patients in Group IV were those with ovarian failure. Serial determinations of LH, FSH, and estradiol done prospectively on five consecutive days in 19 of the 90 patients did not give any further information in differentiating among the four groups. PMID- 1115173 TI - Clinical study of a progesterone-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - A double-blind clinical study was performed to determine whether the release of progesterone from an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) had any effect on IUD event rates. A total of 101 women received intrauterine contraceptive devices containing progesterone, resulting in the accumulation of 877 women-months experience; 100 women received IUD's without steroid, resulting in the accumulation of 780 women-months. The only significant difference was a higher incidence of pregnancy in those patients using devices which did not contain progesterone. PMID- 1115174 TI - Teaching pelvic examination to second-year medical students using programmed patients. AB - A great deal of interest has been expressed in the use of the "programmed" patient during the past several years. This pilot study used programmed patients to teach medical students the techniques of pelvic examination. From the study, it was concluded that the experience with the programmed patient adds significantly to an undergraduate learning program, that this technique is well accepted by students and faculty, and that it adds realism to the study of obstetrics and gynecology early in a medical school curriculum. PMID- 1115175 TI - Investigations into the spontaneous contractile activity of isolated human uterine arteries in vitro. AB - Uterine artery strips and myometrium from the same uterus were placed in the same water bath and their rates of contractile activity were registered simultaneously. Isolated strips of uterine arteries showed spontaneous contractile activity--a phenomenon especially marked in the secretory phase of the cycle. In the proliferative phase spontaneous contractions of blood vessels, characterized by low intensity and a frequency of three contractions in 10 minutes, were seen. In the secretory phase the contractions were of lesser intensity and higher frequency. The rhythm of contractions of the myometrial vessels was markedly different from the spontaneous activity of the myometrial strips. In discussion of the results, special attention has been paid to the role of spontaneous contractility of myometrial vessels in the contractile activity of the whole uterus. PMID- 1115176 TI - Levels of prostaglandins F-2alpha and E-2 in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. AB - A comparison between the prostaglandins found in proliferative and secretory endometrium in normal and tumor-bearing tissues is reported. The content of prostaglandins F-2alpha and E-2 is related to the three phases of the menstrual cycle and correlates with cyclic ovarian hormone variations. The menstrual phase is characterized by a high content of PGF-2alpha. High prostaglandin levels are found in tissues from patients with pathologic diseases such as adenocarcinoma of the endometrium when compared to normal tissues. PMID- 1115177 TI - Estrogen and the metabolism of progesterone in vivo. AB - The effect of estrogen administration on the metabolism of progesterone was studied in ovariectomized, hysterectomized women. Estrogen was withheld from each subject for at least 4 weeks, then 200 mug of ethinyl estradiol were administered orally each day for 3 weeks and then no estrogen was given for 3 weeks. The subjects were studied before estrogen was started, on the third day of estrogen, after 3 weeks of daily estrogen and after the estrogen was withdrawn for 3 weeks. In 5 women plasma transcortin concentrations, measured by equilibrium dialysis, were 0.82 plus or minus 0.06, 1.5 plus or minus 0.16, 2.1 plus or minus 0.13, and 0.90 plus or minus 0.09 (S. E.) muM before starting estrogen (control), on the third day of estrogen treatment, after 3 weeks of estrogen, and after having stopped estrogen for 3 weeks, respectively. Corresponding values for the metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of cortisol (by the continuous infusion method) were 306 plus or minus 33, 172 plus or minus 18, 136 plus or minus 14, and 258 plus or minus 23 (S. E.) L. per day. Although estrogen administration caused a significant elevation of the plasma transcortin concentrations and a significant decrease in the MCR of cortisol, it had no significant effect on the MCR of progesterone or of cortisone. The estrogen administration did cause a decrease in the peripheral conversion of progesterone to 20alpha-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (20alpha-OHP) and of cortisol to cortisone but an increase in the conversion of 20alpha-OHP to progesterone and of cortisone to cortisol. PMID- 1115178 TI - Further experience with suprapubic drainage by trocar catheter. AB - In 1972 a preliminary report described the use of a large-bore (Nos. 12 and 16 Fr.) vinyl catheter, which contained a steel trocar within its lumen, in repair of cystourethrocele in 86 patients. Further experience in an additional 158 patients undergoing cystourethrocele repair, and a variety of other gynecologic procedures, is now evaluated. The prototype of a sharp, beveled, cutting-edge trocar tip proved to increase substantially the ease of insertion. Problems of design and production of the catheter were encountered and corrected. Two points of technique, (1) insertion of the catheter prior to the surigcal procedure and (2) use of the two-hand method, are advocated. The trocar catheter was found to be a simple, practical, and safe instrument for suprapubic bladder drainage. PMID- 1115179 TI - The effect of intrauterine hypoxia on the child surviving to 4 years. AB - Intrauterine hypoxia/asphyxia is an unchallenged cause of perinatal death, but whether sublethal degrees of hypoxia result frequently in brain damage in surviving infants is less certain. To test this hypothesis, obstetric patients with abruptio placentae, placenta previa, and prolapse of the umbilical cord were computer matched on several factors with normal control patients to determine the degree of risk of lower 4 year Stanford-Binet I. Q. scores or abnormalities on the 4 year fine motor and gross motor testings. The mean I. Q. score of babies born of mothers with one of these complications was no different from that of the normal controls. Similarly negative results were recorded on the 4 year fine motor and gross motor testings. Children of low birth weight in either group experienced lower I. Q. scores and higher risk of abnormal findings on the motor tests at 4 years than the babies of mature birth weight. Intrauterine hypoxia/asphyxia apparently is not a major cause of neurologic dysfunction in the surviving child. PMID- 1115180 TI - Exenterative operations: experience with 198 patients. AB - In a series of 198 exenterative operations performed at the Mayo Clinic for various pelvic malignant lesions, a 5 year survival rate of 33 per cent was obtained. This rate is commendable, since almost 80 per cent of the operations were accomplished for recurrent malignancy. The diminished over-all operative mortality rate of 8.1 per cent, a reduction from 13.5 per cent (1950 through 1962) to 3 per cent (1963 through 1971), is attributed to better methods of urinary diversion and to better management of fluid replacement and of infectious complications. Major complications, excepting bowel fistula and obstruction, now can be controlled reasonably well. When more conservative and equally curative methods of therapy have been exhausted, all patients with pelvic malignancy (whether primary in cervix, vagina, bladder, urethra, rectum, or vulva) should be considered potential candidates for exenteration. PMID- 1115181 TI - Renal hypertension and pregnancy in the sheep. I. behavior of uteroplacental vasomotor tone during mild hypertension. AB - The progressive changes in arterial pressure and uteroplacental hemodynamics were studied in 13 pregnant sheep from about the eightieth gestational day. All animals were followed to term. The results revealed a progressive increase in uteroplacental blood flow as the pregnancy progressed in the seven control animals. In six of the animals, mild hypertension was induced by unilateral renal artery constriction at about the one hundred fifteenth day. Following the induction of mild hypertension, there was a transient increase in uteroplacental vascular resistance and a reduction in uteroplacental blood flow. The arterial pressure remained significantly increased throughout the remainder of the gestation. PMID- 1115182 TI - Maternal-fetal plasma glucose relationships in late monkey pregnancy. AB - Maternal hyperglycemia was induced in six late gestation monkey pregnancies with intravenous glucose injection plus infusion. The maximum measured plasma glucose levels of the mother varied from 380 to 1,020 Gm. per cent. A significant linear relationship evolved between maternal and fetal plasma glucose peak concentrations. A saturation limit to placental transfer of glucose across the placenta is not apparent from these data. PMID- 1115183 TI - Oxytocin administration, instillation-to-abortion time, and morbidity associated with saline instillation. AB - Among 4,069 healthy gravidas undergoing saline abortion, patients administered intravenous oxytocin had a significantly shorter instillation-to-abortion time (median, 25.5 hours) than did patients not administered oxytocin (median 33.3 hours). The instillation-to-abortion time was independent of the rate of oxytocin administration, which ranged from 1 to 4 U. per hour (17 to 67 mU. per minute), but was associated with the time at which oxytocin infusion was begun. When oxytocin infusion was started within eight hours after instillation, a shortened time from instillation to abortion was observed. Although oxytocin augmentation may result in a lower proportion of patients being exposed to the risk of infection associated with prolonged intervals from instillation to abortion, this potential advantage appears counterbalanced by an increased incidence of clinical consumptive coagulopathy associated with instillation-to-abortion intervals of less than 24 hours. PMID- 1115184 TI - The oxytocin challenge test in the management of high-risk pregnancies. AB - Appearance of a repetitive late deceleration pattern following oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in the prepartum patient may indicate fetal compromise, while absence of this finding may reflect fetal well-being. In this study, 72 patients at risk for intrauterine asphyxia underwent 81 satisfactory oxytocin challenge tests. Eight tests in seven patients were interpreted as positive; 72, as negative; and one, as suspicious. In 64 patients with negative tests, no fetal deaths or neonatal asphyxial depressions were observed. One patient developed intrapartum fetal distress with late decelerations 8 days after a negative test and was delivered by cesarean section. The positive test appears to correlate meaningfully with other clinical parameters reflecting intrauterine compromise. PMID- 1115185 TI - Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma ("adenoma malignum") of the cervix: a reappraisal. AB - Five cases of so-called "adenoma malignum" of the cervix are presented. This term has been used to describe an extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma characterized histologically be distorted and architecturally irregular endocervical glands which penetrate deeply into the wall of the cervix, but without more than minimal and focal evidence of gland cell stratification, anaplasia, or mitotic activity. Despite this innocuour histologic appearance, these tumors have classically been thought to be clinically highly malignant, with an almost invariably rapid lethal outcome. This discrepancy between the histology and behavior has been presented as justification for the otherwise paradoxical name, "adenoma malignum". In the present series, all patients were treated with modern radiotherapeutic techniques, and four of the five are long term survivors. Of the patients in the literature who died after rapid dissemination, none received treatment with acceptable radiotherapeutic techniques. Thus, we believe that with proper therapy this tumor is no more malignant than one would expect for a highly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and we suggest that the name, "adenoma malignum," be replaced by "minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the cervix." PMID- 1115186 TI - Chromosome breakage studies in lymphocytes from normal women, pregnant women, and women taking oral contraceptives. AB - Cytogenetic studies of 977 lymphocyte cultures from ten normal men and 54 normal women have shown: (1) variations in the frequencies of chromosome breakages among consecutive cultures from the same person and among cultures from different people, indicating that many extraneous factors may affect lymphocyte chromosomes, and (2) significantly higher average breakages in cultures from nulligravidas taking oral contraceptives (OC) and in pregnant women who had had previous pregnancies than in nulligravidas who had never taken the pill. The increase in breakages in cultures from the OC users was not observed in all cultures and could not be correlated with length of time on pill or stage of the pill cycle, suggesting that synthetic hormones do not directly damage lymphocyte chromosomes. Since estrogens and progestogens are known to affect many metabolic and biochemical systems, it is possible that these substances may induce in OC users and pregnant women a slightly altered in vivo condition in which increased chromosome breakages may be expressed. PMID- 1115188 TI - Serum prolactin levels during puberty. AB - Serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations and total estrogen levels were determined in groups of boys and girls from ages eight through 15. There was no significant change in PRL concentration with advancing age in boys, and levels were comparable to adult men. In girls, mean serum PRL and estrogen levels were not significantly different from ages eight through 13 and were comparable to those found in boys of the same age groups. At age 14 and 15, an increase in PRL and estrogen levels was found in girls. PMID- 1115187 TI - Effect of intrauterine copper on the nucleic acids, polysome pattern, and glycoprotein composition of the human endometrium. AB - The modifications induced by the intrauterine release of copper in the macromolecular and glycoprotein composition of the proliferative and secretory human endometrium were studied. In addition, the endometrial changes produced in women users of copper-T intrauterine devices in the polysome pattern and in the content of ribonucleoprotein particles were determined during the secretory phase. A group of ten untreated normal women (control group) and 15 users of 200 mm.-2 copper-T intrauterine device were selected for this study from the outpatient clinic of the Hospital de Ginecologia y Obstetricia No. 2 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. The main changes observed in the copper-T users were: a significant decrease in the endometrial content of RNA in both phases of the menstrual cycle, a significant decrease in protein in the secretory phase, and drastic changes in the fucose-sialic acid ratios, which decreased during the proliferative and increased during the secretory phases. Normal human secretory endometrium contained 4.89 plus os minus 0.28 (mean plus or minus standard error (S. E.) mg. ribonucleoprotein particle per gram wet weight, while the endometrium of the Cu-T users showed a significant decrease to 2.52 plus or minus 0.17 (mean plus or minus S. E.). In addition, the Cu-T induced a decrease in the heavy components of the polysome pattern with a concomitant increase in the lighter components. PMID- 1115189 TI - Late seroconversion following HPV-77, DE5 rubella virus vaccine. AB - The HAI antibody responses to HPV-77, DE5 rubella virus vaccine were evaluated with respect to time in 258 rubella-susceptible children. Seroconversion after 28 days post inoculation with this vaccine was not uncommon. These findings indicate a greater degree of modification of the HPV-77, DE5 rubella virus vaccine since most vaccines have been shown to seroconvert by 28 or 30 days post inoculation with the HPV-77 and other HPV-77 derived rubella vaccines. With respect to the routine of inoculating rubella-susceptible women in the childbearing age, late seroconversion could be of importance because of this uncertainty of the time of viremia and the increased chane of pregnancy with increasing time following immunization. Comparative information is needed for the Cendehill and candidate RA 27/3 rubella virus vaccines. That vaccine showing an early and predictable higher conversion ratio would be the most desirable for use in the above population. PMID- 1115190 TI - Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - The flat, circumscribed, and hyperpigmented lesion of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) without clinically apparent involvement of the overlying retina, designated as congenital hypertrophy, was found to be associated with corresponding scotomas in the visual field. The depth of the scotoma increased with the age of the patient. These lesions did not grow. They could be readily differentiated from other pigmented fundus lesions on the basis of their typical clinical appearance. Histopathology revealed a single layer of hypertrophied cells, containing numerous large pigment granules, and degeneration of photoreceptor cells overlying the area of abnormal RPE. The clinical as well as the histologic findings suggested that the retinal abnormality overlying the hypertrophied RPE was due to secondary degeneration rather than primary maldevelopment of photoreceptor cells. PMID- 1115191 TI - Pigmentation and retinal breaks. AB - Of 260 patients with primary, nontraumatic, rhegmatogenous retinal separation analyzed for the presence of retinal or subretinal pigmentation associated with the retinal breaks, some 48.5% of all patients had significant pigmentary changes, especially occurring with lattice degeneration and nonlattice horseshoe tears. Critical analysis of the age of the patient, type of retinal break, vitreoretinal degeneration, and type and extent of pigmentation is essential before ascribing a protective effect of the pigment in the prevention of subsequent retinal separation. PMID- 1115192 TI - Equatorial lens pigmentation, myopia, and retinal detachment. AB - Five myopic male retinal detachment patients had pigmentation of the lens equator that mildly obscured the view of the ora serrata. It may be related to a prepigmentary glaucoma state or to development of the ciliary ring predisposing to retinal detachment, or both. PMID- 1115193 TI - Prophylaxis of retinal detachment. AB - The incidence of retinal detachment after prophylactic treatment is between 1 and 14%. In a series of 701 eyes treated prophylactically with photocoagulation or cryopexy (with and without scleral buckling), incidence of retinal detachment was 4.7%. The incidence of new break formation was 8.0%; in 26 eyes, new breaks were responsible for the subsequent formation of retinal detachment; in seven eyes, retinal detachment resulted from inadequate reaction around the treated retinal break. Twenty eyes suffered a deterioration of visual acuity of two or more lines after treatment. The incidence of complications after photocoagulation was higher than after cryopexy, although there was no significant difference in the efficacy between the two methods. PMID- 1115194 TI - Thermokeratoplasty in the treatment of keratoconus. AB - Of 59 keratoconus eyes treated with the thermokeratoplasty procedure and followed for as long as two years visual acuity improved to better than 20/30 in most. Despite the varied procedures, temperatures, sites and duration of application, sizes and shapes of the probe, as well as follow-up periods, the results were satisfactory and compared favorably with the results of penetrating keratoplasty. Thermokeratoplasty did not preclude later penetrating keratoplasty. The disadvantages of the thermokeratoplasty procedure were: (1) a transitory corneal haziness; (2) production of corneal scarring if not properly done; and (3) the fact that further studies are necessary for better standardization of the technique. Despite these disadvantages, less than 5% of the patients who underwent thermokeratoplasty required further penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 1115195 TI - Retrocorneal fibrous membrane in the vitreous touch syndrome. AB - The retrocorneal fibrous membrane in eight cases of the vitreous touch syndrome was characterized by homogeneous granular material, fine filaments arranged either singly or in bundles, multiple lamellae of basement membrane-like material, and banded figures of similar to 110 nm periodicity. Seven cases demonstrated an intact endothelial monolayer while only one showed cells in a markedly thickened fibrous layer. These findings support the pathogenic mechanism of endothelial fibrous metaplasia and secretory activity as the origin of the retrocorneal fibrous membrane in the vitreous touch syndrome. PMID- 1115196 TI - Disinserted extraocular muscles. AB - In two patients, a muscle that slipped from the globe posteriorly created the clinical pattern of reduced rotation amplitude, reduced saccadic velocity, reduced active force, and increasing exophthalmos with gaze into the field of action of the muscle. The muscle was surgically identified by an electronic stimulator that caused the muscle to contract, thus allowing the surgeon to fell it pull on the forceps or see its traction on adjacent tissues. PMID- 1115197 TI - Retinal detachment after strabismus surgery. AB - Four nonmyopic eyes in three patients developed retinal detachment after strabismus surgery. Certain features common in all four eyes included the presence of a chorioretinal scar corresponding in location to the muscle operated on, proliferating fibrous tissue adjacent to the scar, and varying degrees of vitreous hemorrhage. These findings were similar to those in retinal detachments after perforation of the eye by foreign bodies. Penetration of the globe by the needle during muscle surgery was considered the etiologic factor. The use of spatula needles to prevent piercing of the globe is suggested, and in case such accident is suspected, diathermy or cryoapplication over the perforation site is advised. PMID- 1115198 TI - Deep orbital dermoid with draining sinus. AB - A dermoid cyst in a 6-year-old girl, deep within the orbit, extended from the apex, through the lateral wall, via a fistulous tract to the skin, forming a draining sinus. Both the deep location and the cutaneous drainage of the cyst are rare presentations of this tumor. We used a Kronlein orbitotomy to successfully remove the tumor without loss of vision. PMID- 1115199 TI - Familial bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. AB - Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia affected five individuals corresponding to four generations of a family. Two decreased men were also apparently affected. The three patients studied, two women and a girl, presented the same clinical picture: poor visual acuity; small, pale and malformed papilla; two concentric peripapillary halos; and wandering movements of the eyes. Fluorescein angiography performed in the propositus mother showed a faint papillary fluorescence. At variance with the two familial cases reported, the pedigree clearly suggest an autosomal dominant type of inheritance. Similar clinical features found in other patients suggest a stationary nature of the defect. PMID- 1115200 TI - Electron microscopic diagnosis of medulloepithelioma. AB - A 20-month-old boy with a ciliary body tumor presented with two white flocculi floating in the anterior chamber of his left eye. This material was examined by electron microscopy. Both the clinical appearance of the tumor and the ultrastructural findings suggested the diagnosis of medulloepithelioma. The flocculi contained tumor cells forming lumina and displaying neuronal-type cilia, neurotubules, and a complex band of apical desmonosomal junctions. Since the last finding is not present in retinoblastoma rosettes in the absence of fleurette differentiation, it distinguishes medulloepithelioma from retinoblastoma. The electron microscopic diagnosis has permitted a trial period of conservative cryotherapy directed at the tumor and the associated glaucoma. The electron microscopic characteristics of the tumor favor the neuroepitheliomatous and neuroblastic differentiation of medulloepithelioma rather than ependymal differentiation. PMID- 1115201 TI - New extraocular muscle clamp. AB - A small vascular clamp with the serrated edges at a 45 degree angle holds extraocular muscles firmly without crushing. PMID- 1115202 TI - Orbital floor elevator. AB - A 15-cm orbital floor elevator was used to lift orbital contents, and to reposition and remove bony fragments during orbital floor repair procedure. PMID- 1115203 TI - Correspondence: Topical Fluorescein penetration. PMID- 1115204 TI - Writing device for the quadriplegic patient. PMID- 1115205 TI - Creative technological aids for the learning-disabled child: an interdisciplinary project. AB - An interdisciplinary team of engineering students and occupational therapists have developed prototype electromechanical toys to enhance adaptive learning performance of developmentally disabled children. This paper describes the Creative Technological Aids (CTA) project undertaken under the joint auspices of the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Kennedy Memorial Hospital occupational therapy department. Four prototype CTA devices were evaluated in clinical and community settings and preliminary results show that these devices are highly motivational in teaching eye-hand coordination and perceptual-motor skills. PMID- 1115206 TI - Shoulder rotator device. PMID- 1115207 TI - Adaptation of Bunnell block. PMID- 1115208 TI - Licensure. PMID- 1115209 TI - A performance rating scale for evaluating clinical competence of occupational therapy students. AB - This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a 53-item rating scale, the Field Work Performance Report (FWPR), developed to evaluate the performance of occupational therapy students during field work. University faculty and field work supervisors from five different geographic regions in the United States participated in instrument construction. The FWPR was field-tested on a standardization group of 934 student affiliates. An item-analysis and cross validation design was used to investigate instrument reliability and validity. When FWPR ratings were correlated with other supervisor ratings of student performance, validity coefficients for this scale ranged from .62 to .83. The tests of reliability yielded an inter-rater correlation coefficient of .75, where the consistency coefficient was .97. The FWPR has now been adopted as the official instrument of the AOTA for evaluation of field work performance. PMID- 1115210 TI - Teaching dressing skills to a severely retarded child. AB - An eight-year-old, severely retarded boy was taught to remove his polo shirt independently in sixteen training sessions using operant techniques. Reinforcement was dispensed contingent upon successful independent performance on each of five undressing subtasks. PMID- 1115211 TI - Neurodevelopment and sensory integration. AB - This is the report of a nine-month study of three profoundly retarded, multiply handicapped subjects less than five years of age, who received mother administered, clinic-supervised treatment for neurodevelopmental sensory integration. The emergence of more advanced postural reactions, changes in affect, and responses to objects were recorded. Trends toward early cognitive emergence are discussed in terms of the development of interest and affect, as related to the concept of "fixation attention" of normal nine-month-old thinking infants. PMID- 1115212 TI - Delagate Assembly address October 1974. PMID- 1115213 TI - Changes in beliefs held by occupational therapy students before and after the first field experience. AB - Occupational therapy programs seek to integrate classroom theory and clinical reality. Early introduction of clinical contacts, concurrency of theory and practice, and coordinated program planning is directed to orderly growth and change in the occupational therapy student. It was hypothesized that, with complete integration of theory and practice, no sharp belief changes would occur during the first full-time field experience. Data from responses to social psychological instruments by one group of 28 occupational therapy seniors supported the hypothesis. There were no statistically significant changes in authoritarianism, dogmatism, or Machiavellianism during the first full-time field experience. PMID- 1115214 TI - Influencing students' observations. AB - This article presents a study concerned with the influence of a descriptive introduction on occupational therapy students' perception of a child's behavior. Seventy-two students were divided into four groups. Each group received different information or set before seeing the same seven-minute videotape of a four-year old boy doing a series of developmental tasks. This study measures the effect of prior information on the students' choice of descriptive words and on a narrative paragraph they wrote after seeing the videotape. Word choice results were significant at the .05 level for two of the four groups. PMID- 1115215 TI - The teenage job hunter. AB - Job hunting is a significant aspect of occupational behavior and a task that recurs at intervals during the lifespan. Adolescents constitute a vulnerable population-at-risk in their efforts to enter the labor market. Their self-esteem, mastery, and sense of competency are at stake. This paper describes an adaptation of a method currently being used by business management firms that counsel executive clients in the job-hunting process. The method described is tailored to the needs of teenagers and is presented so that occupational therapists can use or modify the method for clients who lack confidence or experience in job hunting. PMID- 1115216 TI - Communication and the nonverbal, multihandicapped child. AB - A pupil at the Kennedy Memorial Hospital Day School, Boston, was trained by an occupational therapist to use the Auto-Com, a device that enables those with severe motor impairment, such as cerebral palsy, to communicate effectively with others. The device was developed by the Cerebral Palsy Communication Group of the University of Wisconsin, Madison. The child continues to use the device and has become a more involved member of the class. PMID- 1115217 TI - Particle-free and glycogen-bearing double membrane arrays in extraocular muscle of rabbit. AB - Smooth double membrane arrays were observed in apparently normal extraocular muscle. These were fully or partially glycogen bearing, or completely particle free. The respective structures were often closely associated. Comparable arrays have been reported in normal and pathologic muscle; in liver cells, particle-free and glycogen-bearing double membrane arrays are frequently seen under an assortment of abnormal conditions. The significance of such structures is not clear. The present observations suggest that particle-free arrays are related to those bearing glycogen and may thus be associated with anabolic functions. PMID- 1115218 TI - Spontaneous aortic aneurysms in blotchy mice. AB - The pathogenesis of aneurysm formation was studied in Blotchy (Blo) mice which have a hereditary defect in collagen and elastin cross-linking. Elastin breakdown began at an early age and progressed rapidly. Changes observed included replacement of elastica by fibroblasts and ground substance. More advanced lesions were characterized by infiltrates of inflammatory cells, hemorrhages, and eventual ruptures of the aortic wall. Accumulations of lipids, Schiff-positive mucopolysaccharides, iron or calcium were not found. The lesions occurred primarily at points of greatest stress and were confined to the thoracic aorta. Androgen-insensitive mice (Tfm/Y) with the Blo gene died at a significantly earlier age than did normal Blo males or Blo/plus females. The Blo mouse is compared with other animal models of spontaneous and experimentally produced aneurysms. PMID- 1115219 TI - Regulation of spleen growth and portal pressure in hepatic shcistosomiasis. AB - Growth rate and histology of splenic autotransplants in subcutaneous pockets were compared with those of autotransplants in the extrahepatic portal bed in splenectomized mice infected with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and in splenectomized uninfected controls. By the fifteenth week after transplantation (and tenth week after injection of cercariae) subcutaneous transplants gained 6.5 times and omental transplants 8.2 times more weight in infected animals than corresponding transplants in uninfected animals. Portal pressures averaged 11 to 13 cm of water in infected animals with transplants and 17 cm in those with intact spleens (compared to that of 6 to 7 cm in controls). Hyperplasia of white pulp with increase in germinal center activity characterized transplants as well as intact spleens of infected animals. The results suggest that a) During the first 10 weeks of experimentally induced infection, portal congestion is not the predominant mechanism regulating increased spleen growth; and b) An intact enlarged spleen appears to contribute to elevated portal pressure. PMID- 1115220 TI - Atheromatous emboli in renal biopsies. An ultrastructural study. AB - In a series of 755 renal biopsies atheromatous emboli were found in biopsies of 8 men from 49 to 72 years of age. Unexplained recent deterioration of renal function was present in each. This previously unreported incidence of 8/755 biopsies is ascribed to the selection for biopsy of patients with unexplained decrease in renal function. Hypertension was a major feature in 6, hyperlipidemia in 2, a leaking aortic aneurysm in 1, carcinoma of the pancreas in 1, and chronic glomerulonephritis in 1 patient. Toluidine-blue-stained epoxy sections proved to be more effective in recognizing small emboli than paraffin sections. Ultrastructural observation concerned a) early lesions (eg, fresh emboli with endothelial distortion or injury), b) intermediate lesions (eg, histiocytic or giant cell reaction and intimal proliferation), and c) later lesions (eg, extraluminalization of the crystals eventually resulting in inert location in intimal stroma). Osmiophilic deposits on the crystal surfaces were myelin-form in structure and were felt to result from lysosomal action. PMID- 1115221 TI - Acceleration of amyloidosis by syngeneic spleen cells from normal donors. AB - Intravenous administration of syngeneic spleen cells from normal donors was found to markedly shorten the induction time for casein-associated splenic amyloid diposition in the mouse. The effect of intravenous donor cells seemed purely one of acceleration; it did not provoke amyloid deposition either by itself or in combination with independently ineffective heterologous proteins. The accelerator effect did not depend on the viability of the cell suspension, and after physical disruption of the cells all the accelerator activity seemed localized to the sedimentable fraction of damaged cells, nuclei and coarse debris. It is suggested that the accelerator acts through affecting the function of perifollicular splenic macrophages. PMID- 1115222 TI - The skeletal correlates of behavioral modification in the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). AB - The effects of behavioral modification on the skeletal morphology of the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) are investigated. Climbing, with increased prehensile use of the foot, is found to bring about significant changes in metatarsal and long bone morphology. Differences in metatarsal robusticity related to weight-bearing differences associated with different locomotor patterns are reported for a natural history setting for Peromyscus. PMID- 1115223 TI - Eruption of permanent teeth in Brazilian Whites and Blacks. AB - A total of 302 White and 904 Black children six, nine and 12 years of age were studied for the eruption of their permanent teeth. Differences between the two ethnic groups were not large, but the Black subjects were generally more precocious at the beginning of the process (especially the girls, both in the upper and lower incisors). At nine and 12 years of age, however, these dissimilarities disappear. The latter do not seem to be related to distinct rates of extraction or agenesis of deciduous teeth. No significant differences were observed in the degree of asymmetry present in the permanent dentition of the White and Black individuals studied. PMID- 1115224 TI - Manibular growth in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Mandibular growth of 42 /1 735) (Macaca mulatta) was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Four groups of animals were defined according to dentitional age (i.e., infant, juvenile, adolescent, young adult). At each age growth was observed fopment, 57 periods of growth were studied. The growth incremental data were collected by superimposing serial cephalograms on mandibular implants. Growth and remodeling of both the skeletal and dento-alveolar components of the rhesus mandible were greatest in the infant monkeys and were less in successive age groups. Posterior relocation of the ramus was noted in all age groups while bone deposition on the anterior and inferior borders of the mandibular body was greatest in the younger animals. The most pronounced dental changes also occurred in the younger animals while the dentitions of the adolescent and adult animals were generally more stable. This study demonstrates that the rate and direction of normal mandibular growth varies with the age of the animal. Furthermore, mandibular growth is quantified at four defined maturational levels to provide a set of values illustrating normal mandibular growth. These values can also be used as control data for experimental studies. PMID- 1115225 TI - The skin primates. XLIV. Numerical taxonomy of primate skin. AB - Data on 84 characteristics of the skin of 36 species of primates were extracted from a series of articles describing the histological and histochemical properties of the skin of primates. The data were subjected to a cluster analysis. The results were in reasonably good agreement with orthodox primate taxonomies although some exceptions were apparent. The species clustered into four main groups approximately comparable to Prosimii, Cercopithecoidea, pithecoidea, and Hominoidea are commensurate with standard taxonomic practice. Within the Ceboidea, however, the Atelinae and Alouattinae tend to group with the Hominoidea, Aotus and Saimiri show variable placements, and Callimico groups with the Callithricidae. PMID- 1115226 TI - The genetic structure of a tribal population, the Yanomama Indians. XII. Biodemographic studies. AB - The Yyanomama Indians of Southern Venezuela and Northern Brazil are one of the largest, relatively unacculturated tribes of the tropical rain forest. Over a period of eight years data have been collected from a considerable portion of their territory on estimated age, sex ratio, fertility rates (as determined by physical examination and urine tests), and infant death rates. Although it has been impossible to collect direct data on infanticide, this subject can be approached indirectly through distortions of the sex ratio and anecdotal information. Some historical data are also available as a basis for estimating tribal expansion in the past 100 years. With this material it has been possible to construct Life Tables for the anomama,, and to explore the results of various perturbations of the input parameters. Data are also presented on patterns of mating and reproduction: number of spouses, mean and variance in number of surviving children, frequency of "extra-marital conceptions" based on the results of extensive blood group typings, and consanguinity rates as determined by observation and computer simulation. Although we do not present the Yanomama as typical, these data are seen as providing a basis for more realistic population models than have existed in the past. In addition, the data provide a basis for relatively precise estimates of such demographic measures as Fisher's Reproductive Value, Crow's Index of Total Selection, and Weiss' Index of Growth Regulation. PMID- 1115227 TI - Septal apertures in the humerus of normal and experimental rats. AB - Septal apertures of the humerus are rare in wild and domesticated rats but their occurrence is more frequent in females than in males and on the left than on the right side. Septal apertures can be produced experimentally by hypophysectomy due to an extreme reduction of the thickness of the septal wall. Other endocrine ablations, starvation and unilateral front leg paralysis do not produce a sufficient reduction of septal wall thickness to cause septal apertures. Their occurrence is also not correlated with total humeral robusticity. Thus, the manifestations of septal apertures in a non-specialized mammal such as the rat do not differ from those in higher primates. PMID- 1115228 TI - Papago Indian admixture and mating patterns in a mining town: a genetic cauldron. AB - Problems of delineation of population units and sub-units and the poor fit of genetic models make populations with high mobility and low stability difficult to analyze by present means. Examination of three processes in-migration, admixture, and dispersal as well as the mate selection factors involved in out mating and changing population boundaries are suggested as alternate procedures in these cases. The Papago Indian community of Ajo, Arizona, is characterized by historical instability, an in-migration rate of 72.3%, a dispersal rate of 20.6%, and an admixture rate of 36.7%. In-migrant parents continue to come from all parts of the reservation, reservation ties are strong, and families often fragmented between reservation and Ajo homes. For these and other reasons the community cannot be delineated as a population unit nor incorporated into models of subdivided populations. Ajo's function as a cauldron in which genes are mixed and from which they are scattered is evident in sharp increases in the percentage of mixed Papagos among residents and out-migrants. Among the latter more than twice as many mixed Papago leave Ajo as entered in the parental generation. Mate selection factors possibly involved in admixture are considered. PMID- 1115229 TI - Magnitude of sex differences in dichotomous ossification sequences of the hand and wrist. AB - Among the dichotomous (present/absent:absent/present) ossification sequences individually ascertained in 3059 boys and girls with at least one but not more than 27 ossification centers of the hand and wrist, 54 such sequences exhibit statistically-significant sex differences in frequency, 32 of them at the 1% confidence level or better. Analyzed by regions (rows and rays, epiphyses and round bones), ten centers, primarily distals and those of the first digit, account for the majority of the significant sex differences. PMID- 1115230 TI - A factor analysis of morphogenetic fields in the human dentition. AB - The traditional morphogenetic fields of the human dentition were evaluated by means of factor analysis of dental dimensions taken from a series of human crania. When crown length, crown width and crown index were considered separately, factors emerged which could be identified with the tooth group fields. But a combined crown length-crown width analysis generated factors which extended beyond the regional tooth groups. Crown width itself was revealed to be an important axis of morphologic intergration. It was concluded that univariate methods are not adequate for identifying morphogenetic fields; the teeth must be treated as multidimensional units where the correlation among dimensions is accounted for. PMID- 1115231 TI - Adaptive tolerance of fish myocardium to hypercapnic acidosis. AB - Isometric, electrically paced strips of cardiac ventricle from two species of fish (plaice, Pleuronectes platessa; cod, Gadus morrhua) with different tolerance to hypoxia were compared with respect to effects of hypercapnic acidosis. Acidosis was induced by altering the equilibrating gas mixture for the muscle strip chamber from 3% CO2 in 97% 02 to 15% CO2 in 85% O2. The pH was varied further by changing the NaHCO3 content of the Cortland-Ringer solution used in the muscle chamber. After onset of acidosis with the highest buffer value of the Cortland-Ringer solution (35.7 mM NaHCO3), the force decay was similar for the initial 10 min of exposure to high Pco2. Subsequently the cod heart continued to lose force at the same rate, whereas the plaice heart regained a cardiac contractile force that after 40 min even exceeded prehypercapnic values. When buffer values were varied by changing the bicarbonate content of the Cortland Ringer solution in steps from 0.0 to 35.7 mM NaHCO3, the cod heart showed steep force decays at all buffer values during hypercapnic acidosis. The plaice heart showed a similar decline at low buffer values but at a bicarbonate concentration above 23.8 mM NaHCO3, the initial force decline was reversed and prehypercapnic force restored. PMID- 1115232 TI - Acyl-CoA inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocation in ischemic myocardium. AB - The translocation of adenine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the tissue concentration of long-chain acyl-CoA esters were studied in dog heart after experimental myocardial ischemia. Ligation of the anterior coronary artery initiated events leading to an early decrease in adenine nucleotide translocase activity. A reciprocal increase in the concentration of heart tissue long-chain acyl-CoA esters was also observed. Adjacent nonischemic tissue showed changes intermediate between that of ischemic and normal heart tissue. It is postulated that a decrease in fatty acid oxidation after myocardial ischemia would lead to an accumulation of long-chain acyl-CoA esters, which in turn would inhibit adenine nucleotide translocation. The net result would be a lowering of the energy charge of the cell, adversely affecting muscle contraction and electrical conduction. PMID- 1115233 TI - Renal glutaminase adaptation and ammonia excretion in infant rats. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of enzyme adaptation in the response of ammonia excretion to acidosis in developing rats. The response of renal ammonia excretion was low in infant rats (7-12 days old) following administration of a single dose of acidifying salt (5 mmol NH4CL/kg). However, repeated administration (2 times daily) of the salt increased ammonia excretion two- to threefold within 2 days. This adaptive response was associated with a concomitant rise in renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity; PDG activity increased from approximately 36% adult level in untreated infants to 79% adult level in infants given NH4Cl for 2 days. Ammonia excretion and PDG activity decreased in parallel following cessation of NH4Cl treatment. Administration of the antibiotic, actinomycin D (100 mug/kg, ip, 2 times daily for 2 days) completely inhibited the response of PDG to repeated NH4Cl administration. In contrast to the situation previously observed in adult rats, actinomycin D treatment prevented the acid-induced rise in renal ammonia excretion. These results suggest that the level of renal PDG plays a more direct role in the adaptation of ammonia excretion to acidosis in infant rats than in adults. PMID- 1115234 TI - Potassium-sparing effect of enhanced renal ammonia production. AB - The effect of a primary alteration in renal ammonia production on potassium excretion was explored in normal men utilizing ingestion of glutamine to increase ammonia production independent of concomitant acid-base manipulations. After ingesting a constant-formula diet of normal electrolyte content for 3 days, normal men underwent on separate occasions in a rigidly paired fashion an acute study with ingestion of glutamine (4.3 mmol/kg) or only water. Glutamine ingestion under conditions of normal acidification or concomitant with an acute acidifying stimulus resulted in an increase in ammonium and concomitant decrease in potassium excretion. The potassium conservation could not be accounted for by changes in urinary sodium excretion or in plasma potassium or acid-base parameters. Furthermore, when NaHCO3 was ingested for 3 days preceding both the water and glutamine studies, the influence of glutamine on both ammonium and potassium excretion was reduced significantly. These studies suggest that altered ammonia production can affect potassium excretion, providing further evidence in support of a renal potassium-ammonia homeostatic mechanism. PMID- 1115235 TI - An effect of hyposmolarity on insulin release in vitro. AB - An abrupt reduction of medium osmolarity by as little as 20 mosM evoked a discrete short-lived insulin secretory response from perifused chopped pancreas or isolated islets. The insulin response occurred earlier than that induced by either glucose or tolbutamide. None of the usual modifiers of insulin secretion significantly altered this secretory response. Glycolytic inhibitors, adrenergic agonists and blocking agents, cholinergic blocking agents, mitotic spindle inhibitors, and agents influencing sodium pump activity failed to alter hyposmolar-induced insulin secretion. Manipulation of the perifusion medium calcium concentration was the only procedure tested that influenced the secretory response. Perturbations of medium calcium concentration that increased the tissue to-medium calcium gradient augmented the hyposmolar-induced insulin response and those that decreased tissue-to-medium calcium gradient greatly inhibited the response. The precise cause of the insulin response to a decrease in bathing fluid osmolarity remains undefined; however, the stimulus is not specific for insulin because increases in glucagon and amylase were also elicited by the hyposmolar stimulus. PMID- 1115236 TI - Regulation of body mass in rats exposed to chronic acceleration. AB - Female rats approximately 6 mo old were chronically centrifuged for up to 30 days at 2.76 G or 3.18 G and sacrificed at intervals for body-composition study. Both fat and the fat-free body mass (FFBM) were reduced during the 1st wk of centrifugation, with the fat showing considerably more variation both within and between groups. The FFBM was reduced below control level to the same extent in rats fed commercial chow, a high-fat diet, or a high-protein diet or in rats prefasted to produce a body-mass deficit at the start of centrifugation. There were no centrifugation-associated changes in body water content. It was concluded that body fat showed no evidence of regulation, FFBM is regulated at any constant level of acceleration between 1 and 4.15 G, and the change in FFBM induced by a change in acceleration is probably not regulated. PMID- 1115237 TI - Plasma and hepatic binding of indocyanine green in guinea pigs of different ages. AB - Binding of indocyanine green (ICG) to the proteins in plasma and bile of guinea pigs ranging in age from 1 day old to adult was studied. The ICG in plasma was almost totally bound to the protein and there was no significant difference in the binding between newborn and adult animals. Binding of ICG to biliary protein was similar in all age groups. Particulate fractions of liver from adult guinea pigs had a higher ICG binding capacity than that from the newborn at all concentrations tested. The uptake of ICG by liver slices involved mostly active processes. The slice-to-medium (S/M) ratio of ICG was lowest in liver preparations from the newborn; however, the S/M ratio for adult animals was lower than that for 10-day-old animals. Liver slices from adult guinea pig showed the fastest ICG efflux rate, and the efflux rate with liver slices from the newborn was the slowest. Processes of hepatic uptake and release of ICG were incompletely developed in the newborn guinea pig. PMID- 1115238 TI - Cardiac output and its distribution during diving in the rat. AB - The diving response was produced by submerging the head of the unanesthetized rat for 60 s, while it was confined in a mesh-wired cone. Heart rate and cardiac output decreased by 73% and 74% from the predive values, respectively, indicating insignificant change in stroke volume. Central systemic arterial blood pressure rose by 22% during diving and a fourfold increase in total peripheral resistance was observed. Blood flow to the coronary, cerebral, and bronchial circulations remained unchanged while a 95% reduction in the intestine and the spleen, a 97% reduction in the kidney, and greater than 99% reduction in the tail and skin were observed during diving. The blood flow reduction from predive values ranged from 50% for liver and skeletal muscle to 75% for the adrenals and 65% for the diaphragm. The redistribution of the drastically reduced cardiac output during head immersion in the rat is similar to that reported for diving mammals. It is suggested that the rat may serve as a useful cardiovascular model for further studies of the diving response in mammals. PMID- 1115239 TI - Increased uptake and utilization of glucose by diaphragms of rats exposed to chronic centrifugation. AB - Weaning female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2.76 or 4.15 G for periods ranging from 2 to 20 wk. The isolated diaphragm tissues from these rats were studied in vitro to determine the uptake of glucose and its utilization to CO2 and glycogen. The diaphragm muscle tissues obtained from centrifuged rats showed higher rates of glucose uptake and 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose than those obtained from noncentrifuged controls, but no significant differences in the rate of incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into glycogen were observed. Rats centrifuged for 12 wk at 4.15 G continued to show an increase in diaphragm tissue glucose uptake for periods up to 2 wk after return to normal gravity. The stimulating effect of insulin on the uptake of glucose and its incorporation into glycogen was much higher in the diaphragms of centrifuged rats. From the results of this study, it is concluded that one of the adaptive responses of rats to chronic centrifugation is an increase in glucose metabolism of their muscle tissues. PMID- 1115240 TI - Adrenergic responses in canine cutaneous vasculature during acute hemorrhagic hypotension. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute hemorrhage on vascular responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and norepinephrine. The experiments were carried out with sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. The preparation employed was the dog's hindpaw perfused at constant blood flow. Changes in vascular resistance in the paw were indicated by changes in perfusion pressure. Changes in perfusion pressure elicited by sympathetic nerve stimulation and intra-arterially administered norepinephrine were determined before and after hemorrhage of 15 ml/kg in normal and acutely nephrectomized animals. The response to sympathetic stimulation was increased by about 50% in normal but not in nephrectomized dogs, whereas the response to a low dose of norepinephrine (0.5-1 mug) was not significantly changed in either group of animals. In additional experiments in which the plasma renin level was measured, the potentiation of responses to sympathetic stimulation and a high dose of norepinephrine (2 mug) occurred at the time that the renin level was increased by hemorrhage. These results indicate that the level of circulating angiotensin attained after hemorrhage may facilitate vasoconstrictor responses to adrenergic stimuli. PMID- 1115241 TI - Nonsustained pulmonary vasoconstriction during acute hypoxia in anesthetized dogs. AB - The objectives of this study were to describe in greater detail the initial rise and spontaneous decline in acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and to investigate a number of mechanisms that could have caused this secondary vasodilation. With the onset of isocapnic hypoxia (Pao2 of 28, 44, or 56 mmHg), pulmonary vascular resistances increased to maximum values at 3 min and then spontaneously declined toward control values. Pulmonary perfusion pressures rose to maxima at approximately 4 min and then also declined. During severe hypoxic exposures (Pao2 of 30-37 mmHg) this secondary vasodilation was found not to be due to beta-adrenergic-induced vasodilation, withdrawal of alpha-adrenergic induced vasoconstriction, vasodilation caused by a sustained increase in pulmonary blood flow, fatigue of the vascular smooth muscle contractile mechanism, or release of vasodilatory prostaglandins. It is suggested that the decline in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction may be due to an exhaustion of a chemical mediator, release of a pulmonary vasodilator agent, or myogenic stress relaxation. PMID- 1115242 TI - Analysis of a periodic breathing pattern associated with Mayer waves. AB - Cats subjected to common carotid artery occlusion and hemorrhage developed a waxing and waning of respiratory amplitude recurring with a period of 24 s (range 10-60). Occasionally the waning phase terminated with apnea. This respiratory pattern, reminiscent of "periodic" breathing, was usually associated with an oscillation of sympathetic neural activity, and of systemic arterial pressure, of the same period. A similar pattern of modulation of phrenic nerve activity was observed during neuromuscular block and artificial ventilation and when, at the same time, the associated systemic arterial pressure oscillation was eliminated. These findings suggest that this breathing pattern is not the result of an analogous pattern in the discharge of gas tension-sensitive and/or blood flow- and pressure-sensitive receptors that is fed back to the central nervous system (CNS). Hence the pattern must be generated within the CNS with no need of rhythmic sensory information. The pattern can be accounted for by the assumption that the central respiratory drive potentials are riding on top of a slow oscillation of phrenic motoneuron membrane potential with a 24-s period. PMID- 1115243 TI - Influence of cardiac neural inputs on rhythmic variations of heart period in the cat. AB - Spectral analysis was used to investigate variations of heart period in 13 decerebrate cats under different conditions of neural input to the heart. Spectral density plots in intact animals showed three well-defined peaks: P1 (1.5 2.5 cycles/min), P2 (6-10 cycles/min), and P2 (respiratory frequency). In the presence of sympathetic input only the amplitudes of all peaks were decreased; when only vagal input was present the amplitudes of P1 and P2 were increased and there was no change in P3; when neither sympathetic nor vagal input was present the amplitudes of all peaks were decreased. In addition, the amplitudes of P1 and P2 were increased and there was no change in P3; when neither sympathetic nor vagal input was present the amplitudes of all peaks were decreased. In addition, the amplitudes of P1 and P2 were found to be significantly correlated with the mean heart period under the condition of vagal control only. It is concluded that P3 is related to sinus arrhythmia and that P1 and P2 may be related to spontaneous rhythms that are an intrinsic feature of the dynamic regulation of heart period by the vagus system. Sympathetic activity plays no role in the genesis of these rhythms. PMID- 1115244 TI - Microvascular pressure distribution in skeletal muscle and the effect of vasodilation. AB - In cats anesthetized with pentobarbital, 188 direct microvascular pressure and diameter measurements were made of the tenuissimus muscle. The microvascular pressure in arterioles of 70 mum in diameter or larger was proportional to the systemic arterial pressure (PA). The arterioles with diameter-s ranging from 35 to 20 mum have been shown to be the principa-l source of arteriolar resistance regulating micropressures downstream. Across the capillary bed proper, the drop in pressures was about 15% of PA. Micropressures in the smallest venules (8-15 mum) averaged 24 mmHg and reflect closely capillary blood pressure. With a background of basic microvascular data, the vasodilatory mechanism of papaverine (P) and isoproterenol (IPR) in the skeletal muscle was analyzed. Administration of IPR decreases both arteriolar and venular pressure, while P infusion decreased the pressure in arterioles wider than 20 mum in diameter; however, in smaller arterioles there was a substantial elevation in micropressure. The data establish two basically different vasodilatory effects on the terminal vasculature: one with increased capillary pressure and fluid filtration (P), a second with a decrease in capillary pressure enhancing absorption (IPR). PMID- 1115245 TI - Reflection coefficients of dog lung endothelium to small hydrophilic solutes. AB - Step additions of small hydrophilic solutes to the perfusate of isolated dog lungs produce weight changes (Vargas-Johnson). The product: (observed reflection coefficient) times (observed filtration coefficient) for the lung endothelial barrier is obtained from the initial weight slope per unit osmolality change. The observed filtration coefficient determined from the sustained constant weight slope per increment of pulmonary outflow pressure was 0.038 plus or minus 0.011 cm/s (assumed exchange area 500 cm2/g lung). Correction to average transcapillary pressure (32% upward) and for osmotic buffering by resident solute (25% upward) gave 0.063 plus or minus 0.018 cm/s. The observed reflection coefficients were (mean plus or minus 2 SE): sodium chloride, 0.30 plus or minus 0.11; urea, 0.30 plus or minus 0.12; glucose, 0.48 plus or minus 0.26; sucrose, 0.39 plus or minus 0.17; raffinose, 0.35 plus or minus 0.16; hypotonic response: interstitial solute, 0.26 plus or minus 0.10. The observed reflection coefficient of sodium chloride, corrected for the preceding filtration coefficient effects (65% downward) and for combined flow limitation and osmotic buffering effects (50% upward) was 0.27. Transcapillary gradients of small hydrophilic solutes produce substantial osmotic effects for short times (seconds). Passive exchanges and net fluxes across the endothelium of the lung capillaries have parameters similar to those of the endothelium of skeletal muscle. PMID- 1115246 TI - Rabbit testicular contractions: bimodal interaction of prostaglandin E1 with other agonists. AB - Contractions of rabbit testicular capsules in vitro and in vivo in response to prostaglandin F2a, epinephrine, and acetylcholine were measured in the presence of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). Contractions induced by these agents were markedly inhibited at 10-7 M concentrations of PGE1 in both preparations. Even so, lower levels of PGE1 (10-8 or 10-9 M) potentiated epinephrine- or acetylcholine-induced stimulation of increased tonus in vovo. Epinephrine, PGE1, and PGF2a caused increased tonus and contractions in vitro and in vovo; however, acetylcholine stimulated the testicular capsule much more in vivo than in vitro. The control log dose-response curve for epinephrine stimulation showed a slight decrease in the upper concentration range. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, more than overcame this decrease and also prevented a theophylline inhibition of epinephrine-induced contraction. Prostaglandin E1's bimodal effect gives it the ability to modulate testicular contractions by increasing stimulation by other agonists in vovo at low concentrations of PGE1 but inhibiting it at higher concentrations. Thus PGE1 is a potential regulator of testicular capsular motility and possibly sperm transport and hemodynamics. PMID- 1115247 TI - Restitution of blood volume after hemorrhage: mathematical description. AB - An analytical model was developed to simulate the restitution of blood volume after hemorrhage. This model was used to test two previously proposed hypotheses for the restoration of plasma oncotic pressure required for full restitution of blood volume: increased lymphatic flow or decreased trans-capillary leakage of albumin. Neither hypothesis could account for the temporal and quantitative features of experimentally observed restitution of blood volume. An alternate hypothesis, that restitution of blood volume results from a fluid shift from intracellular-extracellular fluid shift occurs in dogs treated with high doses of cortisol analog. Thus the results of the simulation support the hypothesis that full restitution of blood volume requires an intracellular-extracellular fluid shift. This fluid shift may be mediated by high circulating levels of cortisol secondary to hemorrhage. PMID- 1115248 TI - Citric, orotic, and other organic acids in rats injected with active or inactive urease. AB - Male rats were fed laboratory chow or a purified L-amino acid diet containing 11.2 or 5.6 g arginine/kg. Hyperammonemia was produced by injection of crystalline jackbean urease. Control animals were injected with saline or inactivated urease. Rats injected with 55 U urease activity/kg body wt (an LD50 dose) exhibited acute signs of hyperammonemia and elevated orotate and citrate in their urine. Plasma glucose, lactate, citrate, and alpha-ketoglutarate concentrations were also markedly elevated. Three injections of active urease (10 U/kg body wt) given at intervals of about 10 h produced hyperammonemia, which persisted for 25 h after the first injection. Blood glucose and ammonia concentrations were increased 2.6- and 22-fold, respectively, when compared with controls. Total urinary citrate excretion for 25 h was 371 mueq for active urease injected rats compared with 62 mueq for rats injected with inactivated urease. Rats fed a purified amino acid diet containing 5.6 g arginine/kg excreted greater quantities of urea, citrate, and orotic acid than rats fed 11.2 g arginine/kg of diet. Injection of active urease increased citrate excretion by rats fed either concentration of dietary arginine. Changes produced with active urease were not observed if inactivated urease was injected. PMID- 1115249 TI - Cold resistance of the brain during hibernation. III. Evidence of a lipid adaptation. AB - The composition of membrane-bound lipids of brain from both warm-adapted and hibernating hamsters were different in the complex lipid fraction as well as their fatty acyl chains. During hibernation the content of cholesterol was less, but there were greater amounts of both the phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. There were small but significant increases in monounsaturated fatty acids as well as arachidonic acid in all the glycerophosphatides of the hibernating hamster, whereas a decrease in isomyristic acid was o0served in the sphingomyelins. The most significant changes observed occurred in the fatty aldehyde composition of ethanolamine plasmalogen. A dramatic increase in oleyaldehyde was observed during hibernation. These changes in membrane-bound lipids may account for the cold-resistant properties of the brain during hibernation by retaining the fluid nature of the cell membrane. PMID- 1115250 TI - Effects of unilateral sodium replacement on sugar transport across in vitro rabbit ileum. AB - The effects of unilateral sodium replacement with either choline or mannitol on passive and active 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-MG) absorption by in vitro rabbit ileum were examined. The results indicate that the predominant factor influencing 3-MG absorption is the presence of sodium in the mucosal bathing solution. Replacement of sodium in the mucosal solution alone markedly inhibits passive and essentially abolishes active 3-MG absorption regardless of the presence or absence of sodium in the serosal bathing solution. The presence or absence of sodium in the serosal solution does not affect transmural 3-MG transport regardless of the sodium concentration in the mucosal solution. Further, when sodium is replaced in the mucosal solution alone, the bidirectional transmural fluxes of 3-MG do not differ markedly from those of D-mannitol, a solute whose transport is probably attributable to simple diffusion. The present findings together with those of previous studies (15, 16) are consistent with the notion that replacement of sodium in the mucosal solution alone essentially abolishes transcellular 3-MG transport and that the remaining transepithelial fluxes are largely due to diffusion through the paracellular or shunt pathway. The relation of these findings to in vivo and in vitro studies in which perfusion of a segment of small intestine with a Na-free solution disclosed little or no inhibition of sugar absorption is discussed. PMID- 1115251 TI - Operant conditioning of heart rate in curarized rats: hemodynamic changes. AB - Three groups of curarized rats were subjected to operant heart rate conditioning with use of a shock-avoidance procedure while cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance were measured. Heart rate changes in the control group remained constant during the entire 90-min experimental period, while cardiac output decreased significantly. Those rats that were reinforced for increasing their heart rate had a small but statistically significant increase in heart rate, but cardiac output decreased to approximately the same extent as in the control group. The group reinforced for decreasing their heart rate demonstrated a large, significant decrease in heart rate and an even larger drop in cardiac output, which was significantly greater than that of either of the other two groups. Operant conditioning of a single facet of the cardiovascular system resulted in significantly larger changes in other cardiovascular parameters, which may have been partly masked by the physiological effects of d tubocurarine. Therefore, only when these other measures of cardiovascular function are taken into consideration can interpretation of operant heart rate conditioning become meaningful. PMID- 1115252 TI - Distal permeability to urate and effects of benzofuran derivatives in the rat kidney. AB - Effects of benziodarone and benzbromarone on renal tubular permeability to urate 14C were investigated in anesthetized rats by microinjection and clearance experiments. Urate-14C and inulin-3H were injected into proximal and distal convolutions and their recovery was measured in urine collected serially. In control rats, total and direct recoveries were significantly lower after early proximal (72 and 52%, respectively) than after late proximal injections (83 and 63%), whereas distal recoveries were higher (94 and 69%). Delayed excretion (ca. 25%) did not change with site of injection. Total distal recoveries were always less than 100% (P smaller than 0.001) but increased to 98% at high loads. After proximal injections in drug-pretreated rats, total and direct recoveries increased significantly (P smaller than 0.001). Recoveries after distal injections did not change in benzbromarone-treated rats, whereas direct and delayed excretion, respectively, increased (87%) and decreased (9%) significantly (P smaller than 0.001) following benziodarone infusion. These findings demonstrate inhibition of proximal urate reabsorption by benzofuran derivatives. The results also suggest distal reabsorption of urate, presumably along the collecting ducts. PMID- 1115253 TI - Thermoregulation of myocardial protein synthesis. AB - The effect of temperature on myocardial protein synthesis was evaluated using L [14C]phenylalanine incorporation into total protein of isolated rabbit right ventricular papillary muscles. Muscles were incubated in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer buffer containing tracer amino acid at temperatures of 25-43 degrees C or incubated without tracer at varying temperatures up to 120 min and then incubated at 37 degrees C for an additional 2 h with the tracer present for the final hour of incubation. Higher as well as lower than physiological temperatures depressed tracer amino acid incorporation. Recovery of myocardial protein synthesis from thermal injury was incomplete when the experimental temperature deviated by 6 degrees C or more from the control and exposure exceeded 60 min. In addition, tracer amino acid incorporation on reoxygenation and return to 37 degrees C in muscles exposed to anoxia at 25 degrees C did not differ from that in muscles exposed to anoxia at 37 degrees C. Specific activity of the intracellular amino acid pool was directly measured in appropriate experiments and variation of this parameter could not account for the depressed tracer amino acid incorporation. Likewise methylprednisolone (10-5 M), chloroquine phosphate (10-5 M), and glucose (15 mM), if present during hyperthemia, did not ameliorate thermal damage. It is concluded that hyperthermia as well as hypothermia can cause irreversible alterations rather than reversible inhibition of myocardial protein synthesis. PMID- 1115254 TI - Conduction in descending spinal pathways initiated by somatosympathetic reflexes. AB - In anesthetized, paralyzed cats, the effects of stimulation at the dorsolateral sulcus (DLS) of the spinal cord at the C8 segment were recorded from the T2 white ramus. Stimulation of the DLS at the C8 segment produced evoked responses which had average conduction latencies of 13.3, 25.8, and 43.4 ms and were designated as the early, intermediate, and late response, respectively. Intermediate and late evoked responses were also recorded when the contralateral funiculus, the third or late evoked response was abolished or greatly attenuated, but the intermediate response was still observed although it was diminished in amplitude. The early evoked response was usually observed with stimulation at the ipsilateral C8 segment following placement of the lesion. These data suggest that afferent impulses, which ascend to supraspinal segments of the central nervous system, are transmitted to preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system through descending pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord. Stimulation of afferent fibers on the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the spinal cord produces volleys which ascend unilaterally and descend bilaterally to preganglionic neurons. The pathways producing the intermediate evoked response, which was still observed after an ipsilateral lesion was made in the spinal cord, may include both the ascending pathway and other connections with the preganglionic neurons. PMID- 1115255 TI - Acute effects of lithium on the renal concentrating mechanism in a primate. AB - Although chronic lithium therapy has been associated with a defect in the urinary concentrating mechanism, short-term renal effects of lithium have received little attention in the intact animal. Solute-free water reabsorption (T-cH2O) and free water clearance (CH2O) were measured in primates of the genus Galago under control conditions and while animals were receiving either 0.5 mmol/kg-h or 1.0 mmol/kg-h lithium chloride (135 mM) intravenously. CH2O was unchanged by lithium infusion (P greater than 0.10), whereas T-cH2O was significantly depressed at all levels of osmolal clearance (P smaller than 0.01). Spontaneous recovery of near normal T-cH2O was documented in two animals within 1 wk following acute lithium infusion. In addition it was observed that lithium-induced depression of T-cH2O could be partially prevented by pretreatment with intravenous amiloride. These results suggest that alterations in the renal concentrating mechanism can occur rapidly following the onset of lithium administration. They also imply that impairment of the renal concentrating mechanism by lithium is due at least in part to antagonism of the action of vasopressin on the collecting duct. PMID- 1115256 TI - Relation between length, isometric force, and O2 consumption rate in vascular smooth muscle. AB - The length-tension and length-oxygen consumption rate relationships were studied in bovine mesenteric vein at 37 degrees C. The absence of spontaneous mechanical activity permits straightforward interpretation in terms of active (smooth muscle) and passive components of the vein wall. Longitudinal loops, the predominant smooth muscle component being oriented in the longitudinal (axial) direction, were maximally stimulated using epinephrine (2-5 mug-ml-1). An optimum length for isometric tension development was exhibited at which the passive tension was 25% of the total tension. The population regression indicated that tension was developed at lengths which ranged from 0.33 to 1.41 times the length at which maximum tension was developed. Oxygen consumption was measured using a Clark-type polarographic electrode. Basal oxygen consumption was 0.432 plus or minus 0.014 (n equal to 121) mumol-min-1 (g dry wt)-1. The basal rate was found to be independent of the passive tension. Under conditions of maximal stimulation, the oxygen consumption rate at L-o, the resting length at which the tissue maintained 1 g-wt passive tension, was approximately twice the basal rate. The length dependence of the suprabasal oxygen consumption was parallel to that of the active isometric force. This parallel relation reflected a linear relation between active isometric force (deltaP-o) and suprabasal oxygen consumption rate (deltaJ-o2). The slope of the deltaJ-o2-deltaP-o linear regression was 0.142 plus or minus 0.013 nmol O2-MIN-1 (G-WT-CM)-1. DeltaJ-o2 at the minimum contracted length, at which no active force was developed, was 15-20% of the deltaJ-o2 measured when maximum isometric force was developed. This provides an upper bound to the rate of chemical energy utilization required for activation processes. The length dependence of active isometric force and chemical energy utilization is most simply interpreted in terms of a sliding-filament model. PMID- 1115257 TI - Effect of posterior hypothalamic stimulation on ventricular fibrillation threshold. AB - The effect of posterior hypothalamic stimulation on cardiac susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation (VF) was studied in 34 dogs. VF threshold was determined by inducing a sequence of early extrasystoles (R/T pulsing). Hypothalamic stimulation was associated with sinus tachycardia, systemic hypertension, and a 40% reduction in VF threshold. The effects of hypothalamic stimulation on the VF threshold persisted when heart rate acceleration and the pressor response were prevented. Cervical vagotomy and bilateral adrenalectomy were likewise without effect on fibrillation threshold changes. However, the decrease in threshold was abolished by beta-adrenergic blockade. It is concluded that the reduction in VF threshold associated with hypothalamic stimulation derives from the direct action of sympathetic nerves upon the myocardium, rather than from secondary hemodynamic effects. PMID- 1115258 TI - Cardiovascular chemoreflexes from the perfused innervated ileum of the cat. AB - The vascular supply of innervated segments of ileum in urethan-anesthetized cats was perfused by an electrolyte-glucose solution, containing heparinized cat blood. Addition of acetylcholine or nicotine to the perfusion inflow was followed by increases of systemic arterial pressure. Calculated mean concentrations of 32 mug/ml acetylcholine or 35 mug/ml nicotine in the perfusion fluid induced mean pressor responses of 19 and 23 mmHg. These responses began within 2-6 s, reached a maximum within 20 s, were unaffected by vagotomy, and were frequently accompanied by cardiac acceleration and increase in rate and depth of respiration. Evans blue in the perfusion fluid did not enter the general circulation. Systemic responses were abolished or markedly decreased after perfusion of 40-180 mg procaine through the innervated gut segments or by cooling the nerve fibers between the perfused ileum and the body of the animal. In itself, procaine injected into the isolated circulation or nerve cooling commonly induced decreases of arterial pressure. The vascular isolation of the perfused segments and the dependence of the systemic responses on the nervous connections indicate that the effects were reflex. PMID- 1115259 TI - Synthesis of uric acid in isolated normothermic perfused mongrel and Dalmatian dog kidneys. AB - Renal synthesis of uric acid (urate) in the dog was demonstrated by use of two isolated kidney preparations during pulsatile perfusion at 37 degrees C with artificial perfusate or with a plasma fraction. During perfusion of mongrel and Dalmatian dog kidneys with 0.5 mg of [14C]xanthine per 100 ml, a mean of 24.3 and 25.4 mug of [14C]urate per minute, respectively, entered either urine or perfusate after its synthesis in the isolated kidney. Approximately 6.2% of the combined extracellular radiolabeled urate formed in the isolated mongrel kidney was excreted in the urine and 15.7% in the urine of isolated Dalmatian dog kidneys. Recirculating the perfusate without the kidney did not convert any radioactively labeled xanthine to urate and therefore the radioactively labeled urate appearing in the urine and recycled perfusate must have been formed in the renal parenchyma. Renal synthesis of urate was blocked by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. In the presence of allopurinol, [14C]xanthine was excreted unchanged into the urine. PMID- 1115260 TI - The psychotherapist's search for self-renewal. AB - The role of psychotherapist carries with it special stresses to which many professionals react with depressive feelings, particularly in mid-life. Psychotherapists who participated in small group sessions at two annual institutes of the American Group Psychotherapy Association revealed their depressive feelings in a striking way. Some were able to relate these feelings to early family dynamics that motivated their choice of a caretaking career. The groups concluded that there is a continuing necessity for the caretaker to acknowledge and seek care for his emotional needs. Planners of continuing professional education for psychotherapists should make these needs a central concern. PMID- 1115261 TI - Cocaine psychoses: a continuum model. AB - The author describes an orderly progression of clinical syndromes (euphoria, dysphoria, paranoid psychosis) with cocaine use that is related to dosage, chronicity, and genetic and experiential predispositions. That affective alternations are caused by a drug which also produces a schizophreniform psychosis suggests a continuum with implications for understanding the endogenous psychoses. The author emphasizes that alternations in the same neurotransmitter substances may be involved in these multiple psychiatric syndromes, which contrasts with previous "one illness, one transmitter" models. PMID- 1115262 TI - A multidimensional problem-oriented review and evaluation system. AB - The need for evaluation of psychiatric services is becoming more and more apparent as third-party coverage becomes more available. A variety of expensive and complex data and computer systems have been developed. Small institutions and programs, however, cannot afford them. The system described in this report uses diagnosis and a standardized problem list in order to define the treatment outcome of a variety of therapies delivered in an interdisciplinary setting. The system, which has been developed and is operating at low cost, satisfies a variety of needs. PMID- 1115263 TI - Ethical issues in family planning for hospitalized psychiatric patients. AB - The authors present guidelines based on their experience with a family planning program for patients in mental hospitals. They believe that informed consent for these patients should include an adequate knowledge base, the patients' competence to make decisions, and the absence of coercion. Among safeguards are the reversibility of contraceptive procedures, the separation of the family planning counselor from the treatment staff to avoid possible covert coercion, and careful choice of the stage of hospitalization at which counseling occurs. The authors examine the implications of a patient's refusal to use contraception, noting the impossibility of involuntary contraception and the ethical and legal problems regarding sterilization procedures. PMID- 1115264 TI - Evaluation of a regional Indian alcohol program. AB - The authors analyzed follow-up data collected by an Indian counselor and a psychiatrist on 83 American Indian alcoholic men. Follow-up status was judged by an interdisciplinary panel according to a six-step rating scale. The 44 percent improvement rate compares favorably with other treatment programs, especially in view of the selection process, which favored difficult patients. The authors suggest that the interdisciplinary rating panel is an approach that can prevent erroneous judgments of the drinking status of American Indians. PMID- 1115265 TI - The future educational needs of psychiatrists. AB - The author states the psychiatry must work at defining its boundaries as a discipline before the question of how to educate future practitioners can be answered. The medical student is presented with a bewildering array of approaches to psychiatric treatment and is pressured to choose quickly. The author calls for collaboration among the various parts of psychiatry--social psychiatry, community psychiatry, research, biochemistry, etc.--with other university faculties such as the humanities and basic sciences. The goal of this collaboration would be to produce a mature professional capable of dealing with the whole person. He also calls for a greater emphasis on research to equip psychiatry with the necessary knowledge to establish its role in our ever-changing contemporary society. PMID- 1115266 TI - Emotional problems of residents in psychiatry. AB - The authors used a questionnaire technique to determine the magnitude of the problem of emotional illness and poor performance during psychiatric residency, the procedures that are used to screen for or help disturbed residents, and characteristics that differentiate residents who are at risk. The data indicated that residents who have problems that lead to termination are rarely free of emotional disturbance. The general belief that women, foreign medical graduates, and minority group members are at higher risk for problems during residency was not supported; however, younger residents and transfers from other programs appeared to be at risk. A disturbing finding was the high rate of suicide reported. The authors stress the need for further work with the "marginal" resident and for research on screening and supportive procedures. PMID- 1115267 TI - The affective experience of residency training in community psychiatry. AB - The community setting arouses disturbing feelings (of anxiety, loneliness, anger, and disappointment) within the resident in a manner that is both unique and potentially constructive for his development as a clinician. The examination of these feelings in the supervisory setting and through peer supervision is crucial to the success of the resident's work in the community. PMID- 1115268 TI - Controversies in psychiatric education: a survey of residents' attitudes. AB - The authors administered a questionnaire including statements regarding controversies in psychiatric education to 86 residents in six programs in the Washington, D.C./Baltimore, Md., area. The residents were asked for their opinions on educational policies, ideological issues in psychiatry, their identification with traditional areas of medicine, and future regulatory practices for psychiatry. The data gathered show some shifts in attitudes among first-second-, and third-year residents. They also show a marked inclination toward dynamic-analytically oriented psychotherapy. The authors conclude that substantial changes will be required in the core curriculum of residency education if the prediction that tomorrow's psychiatrist will be a complete psychobiologist is to be fulfilled. PMID- 1115269 TI - Attitudes of psychiatric residents toward the necessity of internship. AB - The authors note that the elimination of the internship requirement for board certification has engendered much discussion and has called attention to the need for further study of training in psychiatry. To help clarify the issue, they investigated demographic and career choice factors, individual internship decisions, and perceptions and feelings about these decisions in 57 psychiatric residents. The results indicate that the career plans of students have a strong influence on their training choices--those who are oriented toward inpatient psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine view the internship as more relevant than those who plan to concentrate in other areas. The authors suggest further research on the relation between career choice and training preferences. PMID- 1115270 TI - Career decisions in the early postresidency years. AB - The author notes that the end of the postresidency military obligation necessitates earlier career decision making for the senior psychiatric resident. This problem is seen to be exacerbated by the eclectic nature of most psychiatric training. Issues for residents include the problem of role models and the "senior resident syndrome," the decision of whether to maintain their university affiliation, the role of private practice, questions of clinical maturity, etc. The author believes that programs must be developed to systematically and objectively present to residents the data that now exist regarding multiple career options. PMID- 1115271 TI - Editorial: The ideal physician. PMID- 1115272 TI - Improvement of Parkinsonism in depressed patients treated with ECT. AB - Two patients with severe Parkinson's disease were treated with electroconvulsive therapy for a supervening depression. Not only did the symptoms of depression clear up after only four treatments, but the parkinsonian signs also showed striking and sustained improvement. This may be related to ECT-induced changes in dopamine and norepinephrine metabolism. Parkinsonism does not appear to be a contraindication to ECT. On the contrary, ECT may be the treatment of choice for certain patients with Parkinson's disease, whether nor not it is complicated by intractable depression. PMID- 1115273 TI - Classification of suicidal behaviors: I. Quantifying intent and medical lethality. AB - Previous studies of attempted suicide have cast doubt on the value of assessing psychological intent. By identifying a moderating variable, namely, the attempter's preconceptions about the lethality of his act, the authors were able to solve the puzzle of the low correlations between intent and lethality. Suicidal intent correlates highly with medical lethality when the attempter has sufficient knowledge to assess properly the probable outcome of his attempt. The authors conclude that suicidal intent and medical lethality are useful dimensions in classifying suicidal behavior. PMID- 1115274 TI - Hormonal relationships in homosexual men. AB - The authors note that previous data on the role of biological factors in homosexuality have been suggestive rather than definitive. They investigated hormonal metabolism in heterosexual and homosexual men and found no indication of disturbed functioning in the homosexual subjects. The authors discuss problems with research in this area, suggesting the need for larger samples, attention to the factor of diurnal variations in hormonal secretion, and methodological refinements. PMID- 1115275 TI - Recertification of psychiatrists: the time to act is now. AB - Because of the predictions of partial obsolescence for psychiatry as a profession and because of the increasing pressures of government, third-party payers, and a patient population that will no longer blindly follow physicians, psychiatrists must face the demands for professional accountability. The author suggests that to maintain high-quality care and continuing self-governance, psychiatrists must participate actively in self-assessment and continuing education programs. PMID- 1115277 TI - Letter: The Capgras syndrome in a male. PMID- 1115276 TI - The treatment of night terrors associated with The posttraumatic syndrome. AB - The author describes three cases in which the frequency and intensity of night terrors associated with the posttraumatic syndrome were greatly lessened by administration of imipramine; in one case, the night terrors disappeared completely. Possible explanationss for this effect of imipramine are discussed, including the drug's arousal-preventing action. The author believes that the study of sleep EEGs of patients suffering posttraumatic syndrome will prove fruitful. PMID- 1115278 TI - Letter: Defining the AMA discharge. PMID- 1115279 TI - Letter: A question of anatomy. PMID- 1115280 TI - Letter: Surgery for tardive dyskinesia? PMID- 1115281 TI - Letter: What should reassessments test? PMID- 1115282 TI - Letter: Reasoned reevaluation of community psychiatry. PMID- 1115283 TI - Letter: Criminality in the psychiatric picture. PMID- 1115284 TI - Letter: Ethics in behavior therapy. PMID- 1115286 TI - Letter: Medical model in mental health centers. PMID- 1115285 TI - Letter: Combining antipsychotic agents. PMID- 1115287 TI - Letter: Anticholinergic action of thioridazine. PMID- 1115288 TI - Neighborhood health center experience: implications for project grants. PMID- 1115289 TI - Politics and personality in medicine: genesis of an indigent clinic. PMID- 1115290 TI - Public certification of need for health facilities. PMID- 1115291 TI - Rural medical care: an experimental delivery system. AB - The experimental medical care delivery system has been operational since February, 1969. An average of over 200 patient visits per month were managed at the clinic during the past year. The average visit cost is $23.00, which is competitive with cost rates at neighborhood health centers. The average time per patient visit has been approximately 1 hr and 20 min. Of persons using the clinic, the largest number are women of childbearing age. Elderly patients have visited the clinic most frequently. Illness problems have accounted for the majority of patient visits. The program represents a cooperative effort between a rural community and a university to solve a problem of national interest. The implementation of this program has provided the opportunity to operationalize the family nurse practitioner concept in a system of medical care delivery. The feasibility of providing high quality medical care in a rural community by extending medical resources concentrated in an urban area has been demonstrated. This type of delivery system does provide a viable alternative for extending medical care to rural communities. A clinic manned by paramedical personnel offers the urban medical center along with concerned physicians the opportunity to extend their resources to rural areas which have been unable to attract and retain physicians. PMID- 1115292 TI - Planning health care delivery systems. AB - The increasing concern and interest in the health delivery system in the United States has placed the health system planners in a difficult position. They are inadequately prepared, in many cases, to deal with the management techniques that have been designed for use with system problems. This situation has been compounded by the failure, until recently, of educational programs to train new health professionals in these techniques. Computer simulation is a technique that allows the planners dynamic feedback on his proposed plans. This same technique provides the planning student with a better understanding of the systems planning process. PMID- 1115293 TI - A new development in the provision of comprehensive medical care in Australia. A description of the Southern Memorial Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria. AB - An example is presented of a government-sponsored hospital in Australia working in cooperation with private general practitioners to provide them access to the total hospital facilities and to develop a health center that provides paramedical services not previously available in the community. PMID- 1115294 TI - Quality: medical care's answer to Madison Avenue. PMID- 1115296 TI - Demand versus need for medical services in a general cost-benefit setting. PMID- 1115295 TI - Some trends in schools of public health. AB - Some of the recent changes in the schools of public health include: an increasing number of schools and of graduates; a decrease in both the awarding of the MPH degree as compared with other masters degrees, and the DrPH degree as compared with the PhD; a trend toward lengthening the time for achieving the MPH degree; an increase in part-time study for graduate degrees; institution of undergraduate programs and external masters degree programs; a thrust toward greater continuing education activities; and a broadened base for the student population in terms of the heterogeneity of professional backgrounds and prior experience, a wider age range with more younger students, more women students, fewer foreign students, and an increase in minority representation. PMID- 1115297 TI - Editorial: The nation's economic paroxysm and human health. PMID- 1115298 TI - Editorial: Alcohol abuse and the role of the local health department. PMID- 1115299 TI - Letter: BCG vaccination article challenged. PMID- 1115301 TI - Manual for accreditation of graduate schools of public health 1975. PMID- 1115300 TI - Letter: Barriers to health education training. PMID- 1115302 TI - Crohn's disease of the stomach: the "ram's horn" sign. PMID- 1115303 TI - Duodenal pseudopolyp--the flexure fallacy. PMID- 1115304 TI - The roentgenologic spectrum of small intestinal carcinoid tumors. PMID- 1115305 TI - Diastatic rupture of the cecum in obstruction carcinoma of the left colon. Radiographic diagnosis and surgical implications. PMID- 1115306 TI - Ischemic colitis. Radiology and pathophysiology. PMID- 1115307 TI - Benign form of necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 1115308 TI - Evaluation of barium and gastrografin as contrast media for the diagnosis of esophageal ruptures or perforations. PMID- 1115309 TI - Enterogenous cyst of the colon presenting as a retroperitoneal tumor in an adult. PMID- 1115310 TI - Peribiliary fat: a new roentgenographic finding. PMID- 1115311 TI - A radiologic study of tuberculosis of the abdomen (gastrointestinal tract). AB - The roentgenologic features of 160 cases of tuberculosis of the abdomen are reviewed. The 3 standard examinations of the gastrointestinal tract (plain film abdominal roentgenography, barium meal and follow-through studies, and barium enema examinations) are required to provide useful pointers towards the diagnosis. In plain film roentgenography of the abdomen, the triad of ascites, absence of gas shadows in the right iliac fossa, and segmental dilatation of the terminal ileum demonstrates features which are very suspicious of intestinal tuberculosis. In the barium meal studies showing disordered small bowel patterns, tuberculosis of the abdomen should be considered when this pattern is associated with fixation of bowel loops on supine and erect roentgenograms, spiculation and the presence of multiple strictures in the small bowel. Although the duodenojejunal and ileocecal regions are the commonest sites involved, lesions are not confined to these sites alone, but may also involve any part of the alimentary canal such as the esophagus and the small and large bowel. However, no anorectal lesions were encountered in this study. PMID- 1115312 TI - Retrograde pancreatography in autopsy specimens. AB - Sixty-two pancreases were dissected at autopsy. In 55 of them, the pancreatic ducts were filled with 50 per cent Hypaqje and roentgenograms were made prior to dissection. Clinical information (available in every case) was correlated with the gross and microscopic findings and findings on the pancreatograms. The anatomically and functionally predominant duct was considered the "main pancreatic duct" regardless of its embryologic development. The common bile and main pancreatic duct opened independently into the duodenum in 8 of the 62 cases (13 per cent). The accessory pancreatic duct had a patent orifice into the duodenum in 12 of 57 cases (21 per cent). The ampulla of Vater was well developed in only 4 of the 62 cases (6 per cent), but an ampullary dilatation was present twice as often at the end of the acessory pancreatic duct, in both those that ended blindly and those that opened into the duodenum. The orifices for the accessory duct were often tiny pinhole openings. There were 2 primary carcinomas of the pancreas, one in the head and one in the tail. The pancreatic duct was almost completely obstructed in each case. Both tumors were undifferentiated adenocarcinomas, and extravasation occurred into each one of them. Extravasation also occurred into a necrotic lymphoma involving the tail of the pancreas, and into two areas of abscess formation in another case. Diffuse, dense, fluffy opacification of pancreatic parenchyma, due to alteration in cell membrane permeability, was demonstrated in acute pancreatitis, infarction, autolysis, and overfilling of the ducts by vigorous injection. Three pancreases showed microscopic changes of chronic pancreatitis. The pancreatogram on one was normal, but the microscopic changes were minimal, and pancreatitis was not suspected clinically. The other 2 cases were symptomatic, and their pancreatograms showed strictures and irregularities of the main pancreatic duct as well as saccular ectasia was present in three additional pancreases, two of which showed squamous metaplasia of ductal epithelium without other microscopic stigmata of chronic pancreatitis and no clinical features to suggest pancreatitis. The possibilities exist that ectasia of secondary ducts and squamous metaplasia of ductal epithelium are manifestations of low-grade injury and that "subclinical pancreatitis" may be common in the general population. PMID- 1115313 TI - Stemosing lesions of the biliary tree. Evaluation with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). PMID- 1115314 TI - The reno-alimentary relationships. Anatomic-roentgen study of their clinical significance. PMID- 1115315 TI - Radioisotope scintigraphy in diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. PMID- 1115316 TI - Value of the tilt upside-down maneuver for roentgen examinations of pelvic small bowel loops. PMID- 1115317 TI - Hepatic lymphatics demonstrated by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. PMID- 1115318 TI - The spheroid sign: a new sign for accurate differentiation of intramural from extramural masses. AB - Barium-column defects with estimated centers lying within or outside the projected luminal contour of the bowel are likely to be intramural or extramural masses, respectively. Those with centers lying along the luminal contour are likely to be intramural. Wehn a mass is viewed partially face-on, 2 defects in the barium column appear. If either of these has an estimated center lying outside the luminal contour of the bowel, the origin of the mass is extramural. If both estimated centers lie within the projected luminal contour, the mass arises intramurally. This "spheroid" sign was tested in a blind study and found to be highly reliable. PMID- 1115319 TI - Microangiography of the white pulp of the spleen. PMID- 1115320 TI - Aspects of violence reduction. PMID- 1115321 TI - Poisonings in Alaska 1973. PMID- 1115322 TI - [Asthma from beta blockers. Clinical case]. PMID- 1115323 TI - [Bacterial flora in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1115324 TI - Editorial: Anaesthesiology. PMID- 1115325 TI - Letter: Caudal block for post-operative pain relief in children. PMID- 1115326 TI - Letter: Arms and the anaesthetist. PMID- 1115327 TI - Letter: Ketamine and the coeliac plexus reflex. PMID- 1115328 TI - Proceedings: Effective pulmonary capillary blood flow in infants without respiratory distress. PMID- 1115329 TI - Proceedings: Narcotic analgesics and delayed gastric emptying in labour. PMID- 1115330 TI - Proceedings: Unnoticed precipitate delivery after epidural anaglesia. PMID- 1115331 TI - Proceedings: Lumbar epidural analgesia for the singleton breech presentation. PMID- 1115332 TI - Atmospheric pollution with halothane in operating theatres. A clinical study using activated charcoal. AB - Considerable reductions of halothane pollution in the operating theatre environment can be achieved with canisters containing activated charcoal attached to the expiratory limb of the anaesthetic circuit. This study indicates that the efficiency is greatest with cases requiring endotracheal intubation. If the facemask is employed, it is essential to achieve a tight seal with the contours of the face to eliminate unnecessary pollution. PMID- 1115333 TI - Proceedings: Recovery room complications of epidural anaesthesia in the obstetric patient. PMID- 1115334 TI - Proceedings: Delivery-micturition intervals following spontaneous and forceps delivery. PMID- 1115336 TI - Proceedings: Commentary on the use of an epidural blood patch for the relief of post-lumbar puncture headache. PMID- 1115335 TI - Proceedings: Accidental thecal perforation during epiduaal analgesia. PMID- 1115337 TI - Pregnancy and anaethetic practice in India. AB - A survey was conducted among married anaesthetists with regard to the incidence of spontaneous abortion, Caesarean section and the birth and growth of their children, taking other physicians as controls. Female anaesthetists were found to have a higher incidence of abortion than female physicians. The incidence of Caesarean section was also significantly higher in anaesthetists. The non medical wives of male anaesthetists had a greater number of female babies; the male:female ratio was 0.9:1. PMID- 1115338 TI - Human placental transfer of AH8165. AB - The human placental transfer of AH8165 (0times50times9 mg/kg) was studied in ten patients undergoing elective Caesarean section. There was no adverse effect on foetal movement attributable to placental transfer of the neuromuscular blocking drug. Bioassay of umbilical vein blood indicated that little AH8165 crossed the placenta. Studies using 3HAH8165 in two patients undergoing termination hysterectomy demonstrated transfer of only minute amounts of radioactivity to the foetus. PMID- 1115339 TI - Intubating conditions with AH 8165 and suxamethoniun. AB - Intubating conditions after AH 8165, 1times25 mg/kg, have been compared with those after suxamethonium 1 mg/kg in 240 patients. Patients were matched for physical fitness and intubating conditions were studied in different groups at 30, 45, 60 and 75 seconds after the relaxant. At all times suxamethonium produced a higher incidence of good relaxation of the vocal cords and the incidence of excellent overall intubating conditions was significantly higher with suxamethonium. It proved impossible to intubate eleven patients with AH 8165 at the chosen time but all patients receiving suxamethonium could be intubated. PMID- 1115340 TI - Anaesthesia and the epileptic pateint. A review. AB - A review is presented of some of the problems that may arise in association with anaesthesia for epileptic patients. There is the possibility of precipitating anticonvulsant drug toxicity. Numerous drug interactions are possible with some anticonvulsant agents, such as phenobarbitone and phenytoin, which affect hepatic microsomal enzyme systems. There is the risk of convulsions occurring in susceptible patients following the use of the new anaesthetic agents which are capable of inducing CNS excitability. PMID- 1115341 TI - Tracheal cuffs. A review and dynamic pressure study. AB - The sequelae following prolonged tracheal intubation are reviewed. The virtues of large volume low pressure cuffs are confirmed, and the dynamic variations of pressure both within the airway and within the cuff of standard and floppy cuffed tubes have been re-appraised. PMID- 1115342 TI - Convulsions immediately following althesin. AB - A case is reported in which a major generalised convulsive seizure followed the administration of Althesin. The patient had no clinically demonstrable predisposition to epilepsy. The fits were rapidly controlled by the intravenous injection of thiopentone. PMID- 1115343 TI - Assessment of the Von Recklinghausen oscillotonometer. AB - The Von Recklinghausen Scala Alternans Altera oscillotonometer was assessed in order to establish whether any of the disputed points over its use made a significant difference to the readings obtained. Inversion of a new cuff gave significantly higher systolic readings, but a worn cuff gave consistent results whatever its position. Measurements of systolic and diastolic pressures were not significantly affected by the use of the sustained leak lever provided the leak was small. Maintenance and cleaning of the instrument are essential for its proper working. PMID- 1115344 TI - Priorities in the immediate care of roadside and other traumatic casualties. AB - Consideration is given to the immediate treatment of traumatic cases at the accident site. The special role which anaesthetists can play in improving immediate treatment for casualties is discussed. PMID- 1115345 TI - Limitations of electrocardioscopy-failure of the electrocardiograph to warn of low cardiac output. AB - The effects on the electrocardiogram of a period of hypotension in a series of cardiac patients are described. A brief discussion of the limitations of the electrocardiograph as an indicator of myocardial activity is presented. PMID- 1115346 TI - Letter: Althesin in dystrophia myotonica. PMID- 1115347 TI - Letter: Anaesthesia in remote hospitals. PMID- 1115348 TI - Letter: Death in outpatient dental anaesthetic practice. PMID- 1115349 TI - Letter: An auditory guide to the location of the extradural space. PMID- 1115350 TI - Letter:Morbitiy following intravenous injections. PMID- 1115351 TI - Letter: Monitoring central venous pressure. PMID- 1115352 TI - Letter: A ppack for the emergency treatment of malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 1115353 TI - Reciprocal synapses between cholinergic axons and small granule-containing cells in the rat cardiac ganglion. AB - Electron microscopy of the rat cardiac ganglion shows occurrence of small granule containing cells that form reciprocal synaptic junctions with cholinergic terminals. At the synaptic junctions which are from axon to granule-containing cell, the intraaxonal vesicles are clustered against the junctional axolemma, but dense-cored vesicles in the postsynaptic cell do not cluster towards the membrane densities in these synapses. By contrast, the synaptic zone polarized in the opposite direction shows an absence of axonal vesicles in close proximity to the postsynaptic axolemma, but there is a marked aggregation of dense-cored vesicles towards the presynaptic specializations of granule-containing cells. The synaptic zones are multifocal rather than bifocal, and the minimal distance separating each synaptic zone is about 0.3 mu. These findings may indicate that cholinergic excitation of some or all granule-containing cells causes a reciprocal inhibition of one or more cholinergic terminals. PMID- 1115354 TI - Ultrastructure of the cilia of thymic cysts in "nude" mice. AB - The ciliary ultrastructure is studied in the ciliated cells of the thymic cysts of the "nude" mouse. The cilium is made up of two segments: the intracellular basal body and the extracellular cilium shaft. The basal body extends in a rootlet and demonstrates three annexes: basal foot, anchoring system and tonofibrillar web. The rootlet, composed of one central and nine peripheral chambers, is closely and constantly associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The classical periodicity of the basal foot can be explained by its internal structure. The anchoring system binds the upper part of the basal body to the cell membrane. The cilium shaft is divided into four segments: implantation base, proximal segment, intermediate segment and tip. The details of particular structures in the implantation base and in the proximal segment are given on transverse and longitudinal sections. In the intermediate part, a peculiar desmosome-like structure, binds some doublets with the ciliary membrane. At the tip level, A tubules end up in an opaque plate and membranes are covered with several intracated cristae. PMID- 1115355 TI - Intestinal mucosa of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. AB - The intestinal mucosa of the platypus takes the form of numerous transverse surface folds. These folds are made up of a lamina propria covered by pseudostratified epithelium which lies on a thick modified basement membrane. The cells of the intestinal epithelium consist of columnar cells which generally resemble typical intestinal epithelium and cuboidal cells, which are undifferentiated in appearance, show few organelles and possess an electron lucent cytoplasm. Numerous desmosomes are found between the adjacent cell membranes of both cell types. Villi are absent and appear to be represented by the large surface folds. Intestinal glands are composed of columnar epithelium similar to that found in the intestinal glands of other mammalian species. Groups of these glands drain into common tubular ducts which follow a tortuous course and empty into the intestinal lumen between the surface folds. The peculiar morphological features of the platypus intestinal mucosa raise questions concerning traditional concepts of intestinal gland formation as well as the origin and migration of intestinal epithelium with regard to this particular species. PMID- 1115356 TI - The ultrastructure of Wallerian degeneration in the severed optic nerve of the newt (Triturus viridescens). AB - Wallerian degeneration in the severed newt's (Triturus viridescens) optic nerve is complete between the 10-14th post operative day (p.o.d.). Consequently, the newt optic nerve displays one of the most rapid degenerative responses yet reported for the central nervous system of vertebrates. In most cases it also exhibits the speed of degenerative phenomenon in the vertebrate peripheral nervous system. The degeneration of unmyelinated axons is most rapid and is completed by 2-3 p.o.d., compared to myelinated axons, most of which degenerate between 2-10 p.o.d. Myelin ring formation (vesicular transformation) is the principal form of lamellar breakdown and occurs in a highly organized manner which can be clearly staged. The glial cell response to Wallerian degneration is two-fold: cytoplasmic hypertrophy and myelin-lytic. Glial hypertrophy subsides by the 10-14 p.o.d. with the ingrowth of numerous regenerating nerve fibers. The myelin-lytic response accounts for most of the myelin destruction. Leukocyte-like and microglia-like cells also participate in myelin breakdown but to a lesser degree. PMID- 1115358 TI - Editorial: Anesthesiology and quality in the science and art of anesthesiology. PMID- 1115357 TI - Localization of cells retaining 3H-estradiol in the forebrain of rabbits. AB - Ovariectomized rabbits received 3H-estradiol via an ear vein and were killed one hour later. Autoradiograms were prepared and exposed up to six months. Labeled cells, as indicated by many silver grains over the nucleus of a neuron, were found in many nuclei of the brain. Thus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis had labeled cell bodies. The stria terminalis leads into the medial preoptic area where great numbers of cells concentrated the estrogen. Farther into the hypothalamus the labeled cells were numerous in the ventromedial and arcurate nuclei. Other locations with labeled cells were the lateral septal nucleus and nucleus accumbens septi, the periventricular preoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus, nucleus supraopticus diffusus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, and premammillary nucleus. The labeled cells could be followed into the central gray surrounding the aqueduct of Sylvius. The amygdaloid nuclei, and in particular the medial amygdaloid nucleus, had labeled cells as did the most ventral posterior part of the hippocampal cortex. The results are discussed in comparison with those in the rat, and with reference to physiologic data. PMID- 1115359 TI - Editorial: The tell-tale heart cells: metabolic vs. functional effects of anesthetics. PMID- 1115360 TI - Halothane and the beating response and ATP turnover rate of heart cells in tissue culture. AB - The effects of halothane on the beating response of rat heart cells in tissue culture were studied using an optical-electronic monitoring device. A dose response curve was obtained over a concentration range to as much as 5 vol per cent halothane. The clinical dosage of 1 vol per cent halothane decreased the inotropic response of 4-10-day-old cells to 59 plus or minus 10 per cent of the original beating strength; no significant decrease in beating strength was seen in 25-30-day-old cells. One volume per cent halothane caused no significant change in the chronotropic response of the heart cells. Higher concentrations of halothane caused significant negative chronotropic and negative inotropic responses in a dose-related manner. When glycolysis was inhibited by 2 deoxyglucose in the growth medium, the cells became dependent on fatty-acid oxidation and oxidative phorphorylation for energy and showed increased sensitivity to halothane; for example, the chronotropic response to 5-8-day old cells treated with 2-deoxyglucose was decreased approximately 70 per cent by exposure to 3 vol per cent halothane, whereas 4-10-day-old cells maintained on a complete growth medium showed only a 40 per cent decrease. Increasing concentrations of halothane decreased the rate of ATP turnover. This supports evidence suggesting that halothane blocks electron transport in the NADH-coenzyme Q reductase level. The model described provides a means for determining anesthetic potency in a mammalian system in terms of functional as well as metabolic responses. It also provides a means for study of metabolic effects of anesthetics and other drugs. PMID- 1115361 TI - Left ventricular dynamics of trained dogs anesthetized with methohexital. AB - The cardiac response to intravenous administration of the ultrashort-acting oxybarbiturate anesthetic, methohexital sodium, was studied in trained dogs. Heart rate increased immediately and gradually declined to the control value 60 minutes later. Stroke volume decreased immediately, reversed transiently, and decreased again, to return gradually to the control value at one hour. Peak aortic flow velocity and peak aortic flow acceleration paralleled the triphasic response of stroke volume. Cardiac output decreased initially, then increased to above the control value to a maximum at the time of maximum heart rate, then decreased again to below the control value by 30 minutes. From 30 minutes to 60 minutes cardiac output gradually returned to the control value. PMID- 1115362 TI - Central monaminergic neuronal effects on minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of halothane and cyclopropane in rats. AB - The effect of interference with central catecholamine- or serotonin-containing neurons on the response of rats to inhalation anesthetics were explored. Interference with catecholaminergic function by inhibition of amine synthesis with alpha-methyltyrosine alone or combined with destruction of these neurons by 6-hydroxydopamine reduced brain concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine without altering serotonin concentrations. These alterations decreased the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane when tail-clamping was used as the test stimulus. Similar small reductions of halothane MAC were produced in rats given 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine and p-chlorophenylalanine, which decreased brain serotonin without altering noreopinephrine or doapamine concentrations. When catecholaminergic or serotoninergic neuronal function was similarly disrupted in rats later exposed to cyclopropane, no alternation in MAC was observed. It is suggested that disruption of central amine-containing neurons may lower the MAC's of depressant anesthetics only, and not excitatory anesthetics. PMID- 1115364 TI - Anesthetic effects on ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The effects of 1.0 per cent end-tidal halothane-oxygen anesthesia on spontaneous ventilation, ventilatory deadspace, functional residual capacity (FRC), and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aD-O-2) were measured in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in normal patients of similar age. results obtained were compared with values obtained preoperatively from the same patients. The following were measured: 1) ventilation and ventilatory deadspace, breathing room air and breathing 100 per cent oxygen; 2) functional residual capacity (FRC) and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (A-aD-O-2); 3) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0); 4) ventilatory response to exogenous carbon dioxide. Findings indicated that ventilation is depressed more during halothane anesthesia in patients with emphysema than in normal patients and that the extent of depression is best related to a preoperative measurement of FEV1.0 (P less than 0.001, r = 0.86). The depression in alveolar ventilation results primarily from a reduction in tidal volume. A-aD-O-2 and ventilatory deadspace-to-tidal volume ratio are increaded and FRC decreased with anesthesia in patients with COPD, but the changes are no greater than those found in normal patients. PMID- 1115363 TI - Filling pressures of the heart and pulmonary circulation of the patient with coronary-artery disease after large intravenous doses of morphine. AB - Filling pressures of the heart and hemodynamic responses were studied before, during, and after administration of morphine, 2 mg/kg, intravenously (5 mg per minute) in eight patients with coronary-artery disease and normal ventricular contractility requiring myocardial revascularization. Left-heart filling pressure (LHFP) was estimated by measuring balloon-occluded pulmonary arterial pressure via a Swan-Ganz catheter, and right-heart filling pressure (RHFP) by right atrial pressure measurements. LHFP and RHFP were unchanged until 1.5 mg/kg morphine had been administered; after 2 mg/kg, LHFP had risen from a control level of 6.9 plus or minus 0.8 to 10.6 plus or minus 1.1 mm Hg (P less than .01) and RHFP from 2.9 plus or minus 0.4 to 4.9 plus or minus 0.8 mm Hg (P less than .05). Heart rate (P less than .02) and rate-pressure product (P less than .05), an indirect index of myocardial oxygen consumption, decreased throughout the study period. Systemic arterial pressure, cardiac index, and left ventricular stroke work decreased significantly only at the 0.5 mg/kg dose level, while systemic vascular resistance and stroke index remained unchanged. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased (P less than .05) after 1.5 mg/kg morphine, but pulmonary vascular resistance was unchanged. PaC02, pH, base excess, and hematocrit were constant throughout the study period. These data indicate that doses of morphine to 2 mg/kg, iv, are well tolerated by, and, presumably, decrease the myocardial oxygen consumption of, patients with coronary-artery disease. The hemodynamic response resembles that seen in man without hear or lung disease. PMID- 1115365 TI - Intraocular pressures in children during isoflurane and halothane anesthesia. AB - The effects of isoflurane and halothane on intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in 28 children. Measurements were made during spontaneous ventilation and at a various levels of reduced PaCO2 achieved by controlled ventilation. Control IOP values were determined prior to anesthesia following premedication with chloral hydrate, pentobarbital, pentobarbital with meperidine. At roughly equivalent levels of anesthesia, mean IOP values during spontaneous ventilation ranged frm 16.3 to 17.6 torr for each anesthetic. These values were significantly less (P less than 0.01) than control values only in those patients receiving chloral hydrate who did not cooperate. In contrast, no significant change in IOP was found in more sedated and cooperative patients who received pentobarbital and meperidine. Moderate hypocarbia and hypercarbia over a range of PaCO2 greater than 42 torr had little influence on IOP. We conclude that IOP's during isoflurane and halothane anesthesia do not differ significantly from IOP in the sedated, cooperative, healthy pediatric patient. PMID- 1115366 TI - Neuromuscular effects of enflurane, alone and combined with d-Tubocurarine, pancuronium, and succinylcholine, in man. AB - The neuromuscular effects of d-tubocurarine (dTc), pacuronium, and succinylcholien (SCh) were studied in 37 unpremedicated adult surgical patients anesthetized with 1.25 MAC enflurance in oxygen. The relaxant doses that produced 50 per cent depression of twitch height (ED50) were 1.57, 0.29, and 4.9 mg/m2 for dTc, pancuronium, and SCh, respectively. These doses are approximately 3.1, 1.7, and 1.0 times less than the amount of dTc, pancuronium, and SCh required to produce 50 per cent depression of twitch height during halothane anesthesia but are the same as ED50 values during isoflurane anesthesia. In eight additional unpremedicated patients anesthesia was maintained at 0.71 MAC enflurane in oxygen (five patients) or 1.67 MAC enflurane in oxygen (three patients). Twitch depression following dTc, 1.5 mg/m2, was related directly to alveolar enflurane concentration. Ability to sustain tetanus decreased progressively with increasing tetanic frequencies and decreased with increasing alveolar enflurane concentrations. The authors concluded that smaller doses of dTc and pancuronium are needed for adequate relaxation during enflurane anesthesia than during equi MAC halothane anesthesia, and that higher alveolar enflurane concentrations reduce the dose of dTc necessary to produce a given amount of paralysis. Also, neuromuscular effects of enflurane in combination with dTc or pancuronium are not significantly different from those seen suring equi-MAC isoflurane anesthesia. PMID- 1115367 TI - Interaction of ketamine and halothane in rats. AB - The interaction of intramuscularly injected ketamine and its N-demethylated metabolite (metabolite I) with halothane was evaluated in rats. Five, 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg of ketamine alone or 20, 50, or 100 mg/kg of metabolite I alone produced less than 10 minutes of hypnosis. However, halothane anesthetic requirement (i.e., MAC) was depressed in a dose-dependent fashion as much as 56% 1-2 hours and as much as 14% 5-6 hours after injection of ketamine, 50 mg/kg, im. The reduction in MAC was correlated with brain levels of ketamine or metabolite I, suggesting a ketamine:metabolite I potency ration of 3:1. The half-life of ketamine in plasma and brain was longer in the presence of halothane than when ketamine was given alone. It is concluded that ketamine is not a short-acting drug and that concomitant use with halothane would be expected to prolong further the duration of its action on the central nervous system. PMID- 1115368 TI - Specific therapy in water, electrolyte and blood-volume replacement during pediatric surgery. PMID- 1115369 TI - Psychological studies of human performance as affected by traces of enflurane and nitrous oxide. AB - Thirty human subjects were exposed for four hours to 500 ppm N-2O and 15 ppm enflurane in air and then, within five minutes, given a 35-minute battery of psychological tests. Performance of a divided-attention audiovisual task and a digit-span memory test were significantly decreased compared with control data following exposure to air. A tachistoscopic task, four tests from the Wechsler memory scale, and five others from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were unaffected. Thirty subjects exposed to 500 ppm N-2-O in air only scored significantly lower on the digit-span test only. PMID- 1115370 TI - Minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of isoflurande with and without nitrous oxide in patients of various ages. PMID- 1115372 TI - A new six-way stopcock. PMID- 1115371 TI - Accuracy of the stroke index as determined by the transthoracic electrical impedance method. PMID- 1115373 TI - Severe bradycardia after neostigmine in a patient taking propranolol to control paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. PMID- 1115374 TI - Impaired arterial oxygenation associated with use of bone cement in the femoral shaft. PMID- 1115375 TI - Failure of a high-compliance low-pressure cuff to prevent aspiration. PMID- 1115376 TI - Percutaneous radial-artery cannulation--increased safety using teflon catheters. PMID- 1115377 TI - Early detection of venous air embolism using a Swan-Ganz catheter. PMID- 1115379 TI - Letter: Blood-vessel distensibility. PMID- 1115378 TI - More failsafe failsafes. PMID- 1115380 TI - Letter: Halothane in the guinea pig. PMID- 1115381 TI - Letter: Nerve stimulators and burns. PMID- 1115382 TI - Letter: Immunoglobulins in anesthesiologists. PMID- 1115383 TI - Effects of fentanyl and droperidol on canine left ventricular performance. AB - The effects of fentanyl and droperidol on left ventricular performance were evaluated in the neurally intact dog right-heart-bypass preparation under conditions of constant cardiac output, arterial pressure, and heart rate. Fentanyl, .01 and .02 mg/kg body weight, and droperidol, 0.5 mg/kg, did not affect left ventricular performance. However 1.0 mg/kg droperidol caused a significant (P less than .05) increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a small decrease in maximum left ventricular dP/dt (.05 less than P less than .10). No significant change in myocardial oxygen consumption was observed. This study indicates that large doses of droperidol may depress left ventricular performance and may account for a portion of the hypotension observed after its administration in man. (Key words: Anesthetics, intravenous, fentanyl; Anesthetics; intravenous, droperidol; Heart, function, fentanyl; Heart, function, droperidol.). PMID- 1115384 TI - Porcine malignant hyperthermia: effects of temperature and extracellular calcium concentration on halothane-induced contracture of susceptible skeletal muscle. AB - Skeletal muscle from malignant hyperthermic (MH) pigs incubated at 37 C in 2.3 mM calcium-Krebs-Ringer solution contracts spontaneously when exposed to halothane. In contrast, halothane did not induce contracture in MH muscle incubated in 2.3 mM calcium-Krebs-Ringer solution at 25 C or in calcium-free Krebs-Ringer's solution at 37 C. Halothane did not induce contracture in normal control muscle in 2.3 mM Krebs-Ringer solution at 25 or 37 C. In the presence of halothane, addition of caffeine produced greater contracture in MH muscle than in normal controls. Halothane-caffeine-induced contractures of MH and control muscles at 25 and 37 C were similar. Elucidation that under certain experimental conditions halothane induces contracture in MH muscle, but not in normal muscle 1) may aid in development of a diagnostic test; 2) establishes further evidence for skeletal muscle as the target tissue for anesthetic-induced MH; 3) suggests that halothane may affect systems that regulate sarcoplasmic calcium concentration below contracture threshold in MH muscle. (Key words: Hyperthermia, malignant; Anesthetics, volatile, halothane; Ions, calcium; Muscle, skeletal, malignant hyperthermia.). PMID- 1115385 TI - Prevention of porcine malignant hyperthermia by epidural block. AB - Malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine was completely blocked by epidural anesthesia with lidocaine. Incomplete epidural anesthesia modified the disease but did not prevent it. These studies indicate the importance of the nervous system in the triggering of malignant hyperthermia. (Key words: Hyperthermia, malignant; Anesthetic technique, peridural.). PMID- 1115386 TI - Hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to fentanyl, fentanyl-droperidol, and nitrous oxide in patients with acquired valvular heart disease. AB - Fentanyl (10 mug/kh) or fentanyl (10 mug/kg) plus droperidol (100 mug/kg) administered intravenously during 20 minutes to adult patients with acquired valvular heart disease produced minimal circulatory changes. The trend during drug infusion was for mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance to decrease, and for cardiac index and stroke volume index to increase without change in heart rate. Central venous pressure increased during drug infusion (P less than 0.05) but decreased to awake levels following controlled ventilation and skeletal-muscle paralysis, probably reflecting thoracoabdominal-muscle rigidity rather than a circulatory response. Hypoventilation during drug infusion necessitated assisted or controlled ventilation, with or without skeletal muscle paralysis, in 14 of 16 patients. Addition of 60 per cent nitrous oxide following fentanyl or fentanyl-droperidol infusion significantly decreased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac index. All circulatory changes were similar in direction and extent to those previously found during morphine-nitrous oxide anesthesia. (Key words: Anesthetics, intravenous, fentanyl; Anesthetics, gases, nitrous oxide; Heart, effect of fentanyl, dorperidol, and nitrous oxide.). PMID- 1115387 TI - Biotransformation and elimination of 14C-trichlorofluoromethane (FC-11) and 14C dichlorodifluoromethane (FC-12) in man. AB - Radiocarbon-labeled trichlorofluoromethane (FC-11; 14CC13F) and dichlorodifluormethane (FC-12; 14CC12F2) were separately inhaled by a female subject and a male subject. A predetermined volume of fluorocarbon (1000 ppm; 100 muCi) in air was delivered through a nonrebreating system and a tight-fitting face mask for 7-17 minutes. Total expired gases were collected during fluorocarbon exposure and afterward until no radioactivity was detectable. Expired 14CO2 and 14C-fluorocarbon were assayed. Urine was collected for 72 hours and assayed for nonvolatile radioactivity. Total recoveries of FC-11 were 99.5 and 79.4 per cent in the woman and the man, respectively. Total recoveries of FC 12 were 95.4 and 103.2 per cent. Traces of radioactivity were found in urine (FC 11, 0.07 and 0.09 per cent; FC-12, 0.02 and 0.03 per cent) and in exhaled carbon dioxide (FC-11, 0.13 and 0.10 per cent; FC-12, 0.08 per cent in both subjects). Total metabolites were equal to or less than 0.2 per cent of the administered dose. The amount of radioactivity in urine was insufficient to permit identification of possible fluorocarbon metabolites. The trace of metabolites could be products of radiolabeled impurities. (Key words: Gases, non-anesthetic, dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12); Gases, non-anesthetic, trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11); Pharmacology, fluorocarbons.) PMID- 1115388 TI - Pancuronium-induced tachycardia in relation to alveolar halothane, dose of pancuronium, and prior atropine. PMID- 1115389 TI - Phenobarbital or diazepam therapy and plasma pseudocholinesterase activity. PMID- 1115390 TI - Hypesthesia of the tongue. PMID- 1115391 TI - Intraoperative hypoxia from an erroneously filled liquid oxygen reservoir. PMID- 1115392 TI - Inability to reverse pancuronium blockade in a patient with renal failure and hepatic disease. PMID- 1115393 TI - Overdistention of the rebreathing bag, a hazardous test for circle-system integrity. PMID- 1115394 TI - Delayed seizure activity following enflurane anesthesia. PMID- 1115395 TI - Letter: Safety of the closed system. PMID- 1115396 TI - The hemodynamic effects of Norpace. (Part II). PMID- 1115397 TI - The electrophysiology of Norpace (Part I). PMID- 1115398 TI - The electrophysiology of Norpace (Part II). PMID- 1115399 TI - The electrophysiology of Norpace (Part III). PMID- 1115400 TI - Clinical studies of Norpace (Part III). PMID- 1115401 TI - Clinical studies of Norpace (Part V). PMID- 1115402 TI - A seminar on Norpace (disopyramide phosphate) a new antiarrhythmic agent. Introductory remarks. PMID- 1115403 TI - The pharmacology of Norpace. PMID- 1115404 TI - The hemodynamic effects of Norpace (Part I). PMID- 1115405 TI - Bedside screening for venous thrombosis using occlusive impedance phlebography. PMID- 1115406 TI - Letter: The relative roles of medicine and surgery in the management of occlusive arterial disease. PMID- 1115407 TI - The spectrum of cerebrovascular occlusive disease suitable for microvascular bypass surgery. PMID- 1115408 TI - The effects of chronic ventricular pacing on the human conduction system. AB - Six cardiac patients had His bundle electrograms obtained prior to ventricular pacing. Hours to days after constant pacing, repeat His bundle electrograms were obtained. The H-Q interval increased after pacing in 5 of the 6 patients. The average H-Q interval of 55.8 msec increased to the post pacing value of 67.5 msec (p smaller 0.02). Thus ventricular pacing can produce a conduction delay in the His Purkinje system. PMID- 1115409 TI - Age related changes of the middle cerebral artery and a comparison with the radial and coronary artery. PMID- 1115410 TI - Congenital aneurysm of the left ventricle associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis and aneurysm of the left main coronary artery: case report and review of the literature. AB - We report a unique case of a 33 year old female with congenital aneurysm of the left ventricular apex associated with an aneurysm of the left main coronary artery and surgically repaired supravalvular aortic stenosis. The congenital aneurysm of the left ventricular apex was not associated with a midline thoraco abdominal defect, as reported in the medical literature. The patient survived two episodes of thrombo-embolism and is well after 10 years of medical follow-up. PMID- 1115411 TI - The 125I labeled fibrinogen test in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombophlebitis. PMID- 1115412 TI - Minor traumas causing unusual combinations of major complications. PMID- 1115413 TI - Protein composition of unusual tobacco mosaic virus strains. AB - Amino acid analyses have been made of the proteins of single-lesion isolates of five strains of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) differentiated by Lycopersicon hosts. These hosts differed in their genetical control of resistance to TMV, and the virus strains had therefore survived specific selection pressures. Two of the five strains differed in their amino acid composition from type TMV and from all other tomato strains of TMV previously examined. Symptoms induced by the five strains in four tomato lines and in Nicotiana tabacum cvs White Burley and Kawala are described. PMID- 1115414 TI - A vascular catheter-implanting device. AB - A catheter-implanting device (CID) was developed to aid in the placement of vascular catheters in blood vessels located deep in the body cavities, with minimal vascular damage or blood loss. PMID- 1115415 TI - Frequency of pyelitis, pyelonephritis, renal perivasculitis, and renal infarction in dogs. AB - The frequency of pyelitis, renal perivasculitis, and renal cortical inflammation was determined in 104 apparently normal dogs, 50 dogs with disease that were necropsied, and 20 dogs with experimentally induced cystitis. Abnormalities occurred least often (19%) in the apparently normal group and most often (55%) in the cystitis group. The frequency of specific lesions was generally higher in males than in females. Bacteria were isolated from kidney and urine of some of the apparently normal dogs, but their relationship to the lesions observed was not established. PMID- 1115416 TI - Surveillance of Iowa swine herds for influenza-like illness: combined serologic and virus isolation method. AB - Five Iowa swine herds (involving about 7,000 swine) were placed under surveillance for signs of influenza-like illness. Blood samples for hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests of serums and nasal secretions on swabs for viral isolation were collected from 20 feeder swine in each herd at the outset of surveillance. On the basis of results of HI tests, 6 swine in each herd tested were chosen to be resampled 6 weeks after the first blood sample was collected if swine influenza virus (SIV) was not isolated, but 3 weeks after the first blood sample was collected if SIV was isolated at the outset of surveillance. The swine chosen for resampling were considered sentinels in a herd for the duration of surveillance. Swine influenza virus was isolated from 20 of 20 swine in each of 2 herds that had signs of influenza-like illness. The initial HI titer of each of the 20 swine in the 2 herds was less than 10. However, serum samples prepared from blood collected from sentinel swine in the 2 herds 3 weeks after isolation of SIV had HI geometric mean titers (GMT) of 23 and 34. One herd had an initial HI GMT of 21. A SIV was not isolated from this herd, and serum samples obtained from 3 of the 6 sentinel seine 6 weeks after the first blood sample was collected still had demonstrable HI antibody. PMID- 1115417 TI - Electron microscopic evaluation of bone cells in pigs with experimentally induced Bordetella rhinitis (turbinate osteoporosis). AB - The development of osseous lesions in the nasal turbinates of pigs with experimentally induced Bordetella rhinitis, occurring 2 to 6 weeks after inoculation with Bordetella bronchiseptica strain B, was evaluated ultrastructurally, and comparisons were made with controls. Progressive degenerative changes were seen in osteoblasts and osteocytes of diseased pigs. These changes included swollen mitochondria, distention of cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, and lysis of some cells. Bacterial organisms, believed to be B bronchiseptica, were observed in the cytoplasm of osteoblasts and inclose proximity to bone surfaces in diseased pigs. Although osteoclasts occasionally had degenerative changes in the brush border, most osteoclasts wer similar to those of control pigs. Resorption of bone adjacent to degenerative osteoblasts and osteocytes may have contributed to the development of turbinate osteoporosis when combined with the normal cellular resorptive processes. Thes ultrastructural changes were similar to those previously reported in bone cells of the nasal turbinates of pigs with experimentally induced and naturally occurring atrophic rhinitis. PMID- 1115418 TI - Penitrem A intoxication of calves: blood chemical and pathologic changes. AB - An isolate of Penicillium puberulum, obtained from moldy silage, was found to produce a tremorgenic mycotoxin, penitrem A. Dried ground mycelium of this isolate was administered orally to calves either in increasing daily doses or in a single dose that equalled the amount given over a 3-day period in the increasing daily-dose schedule. Signs of intoxication included tremor, ataxia, muscular rigidity, and convulsive episodes. Marked increases in plasma concentrations of lactic acid, pyruvic acid, glucose, and creatine phosphokinase activity were found coincident with the development of severe tremor. The only gross or microscopic change observed in tissues of intoxicated animals was an accumulation of fat in the liver. Changes in the various plasma constituents were interpreted as a secondary effect of the intoxication. PMID- 1115419 TI - Immunity to leptospirosis: Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona bacterins in cattle. AB - Immunity to renal leptospirosis was demonstrated in cattle vaccinated with Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona. Vaccinated cattle, challenge inoculated with virulent L interrogans serotype pomona organisms 12 months after vaccination, were resistant to renal infection; similarly inoculated, but nonvaccinated, cattle were susceptible to renal infection. Relationship was demonstrated between immunity induced in vaccinated cattle and that induced in hamsters vaccinated with a dilution of the same bacterin and later inoculated with virulent L interrogans serotype pomona organisms. PMID- 1115420 TI - Electroretinography of acute hypoxic and increased intraocular pressure status in the dog. AB - A model for studying electroretinographic (ERG) responses during controlled hypoxia and acutely increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs is described. The b-wave component of the ERG was critically affected before the a-wave. The critical perfusion pressure (PP) was 45 mm of Hg less than mean arterial blood pressure, and the dog will demonstrate altered b-wave amplitudes at hypoxic values of arterial oxygen pressure (Pao2) 0f 45 torr. PMID- 1115421 TI - Experimentally induced infection of dogs, cats, and nonhuman primates with Ehrlichia equi, etiologic agent of equine ehrlichiosis. AB - Dogs (German Shepherd Dogs and Beagles), cates, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and baboons (Papio anubis) were inoculated with Whrlichia equi, the etiologic agent of equine ehrlichiosis. Within 3 to 7 days after inoculation, morulae were observed in the eosinophils of cats, neurtrophils of macaques and baboons, and in both neutrophils and eosinophils of dogs. The severe disease produced in horses by this agent was not a feature of E equi infection in dogs, cats, macaques, and baboons. However, a susceptible horse, inoculated with the pooled blood of 2 infected macaques, developed severe clinical signs of equine ehrlichiosis. Infection with E equi did not alter the susceptibiltiy of dogs to infection with Ehrlichia canis and did not prevent development of signs of disease resulting from this infection. The broad experimental host range from this infection. The broad experimental host range of E equi distinguishes it from other ehrlichial agents which are characterized by a rather narrow host range. The susceptibiltiy of nonhuman primates to infection with E equi provides a basis for consideration of the potential transmission of ehrlichial agents to man. PMID- 1115422 TI - Serum cholesterol concentrations and cholelithiasis in rabbits as influenced by the form of dietary fat. AB - Dietary fats of similar fatty acid composition but in different forms, i.e., olive oil and semipurified oleic acid, were fed to rabbits as 15% of a purified ration for 36 weeks. At periods during the experiment, cholesterol was added to the ration in different amounts. Females rabbits seemed to have greater serum cholesterol concentrations than did male rabbits, and the rabbits fed the oleic acid usually had greater concentrations than did those fed olive oil. After cholesterol was withdrawn from the ration, several weeks were required for the serum cholesterol concentrations to return to pretreatment values. Gallstones and hepatic fatty degeneration were found in rabbits fed either olive oil or oleic acid. PMID- 1115423 TI - Activity of organophosphorus compounds against oral stages of gasterophilus intestinalis and Gasterophilus nasalis. AB - Controlled tests of the efficacy of bot-active compounds, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, trichlorfon butonate, and carbon disulfide on the larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis and Gasterophilus nasalis during their migratory period in the tissue of the mouth of horses and ponies were completed on experimentally induced and naturally acquired infections. Against the experimental parasitisms in pony foals, the resin-pellet formulation of dichlorvos given on the feed at the dose level of 37 mg/kg, 2 formulations of trichlorfon given by stomach tube at the dose level of 40 mg/kg, another of trichlorfon given on the feed, and trichlorfon butonate given intragastrically at the dose level of 43 mg/kg were 100% efficacious. Against naturally acquired parasitisms in horses, a broad-spectrum gel formulation of dichlorvos given intraorally at the dose level of 36 mg/kg was quite efficacious, whereas liquid carbon disulfide given by stomach tube at the dose level of 2.4 ml/45.45 kg was ineffective. PMID- 1115424 TI - Age of cattle as related to resistance to infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. AB - Two 1-month-old calves, four 9-month old calves, and 4 adult (5 to 11 years old) cattle were exposed to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. At 150 days after exposure, all cattle were killed and necropsied, and at that time, tissues of the 1-month-old calves had more bacilli and lesions than did tissues of the 9-month old calves or the adult cattle. All cattle responded to immunologic tests during the experiment. PMID- 1115425 TI - Selenium-vitamin E deficiency in swine fed peas (Pisum sativum). AB - An experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding a 96.8% cull pea basal ration, low in selenium (0.061 ppm) and vitamin E (7.0 IU alpha tocopherol/kg of ration), to growing pigs with and without supplementation of selenium, vitamin E, or both. The basal ration was high in crude protein (25.2%) and contained no supplemented fat. Nine of 10 pigs fed the unsupplemented basal ration had lesions attributed to selenium-vitamin E deficiency, and 8 of these pigs died during the 160-day experiment. The deficiency was usually characterized by sudden death (with no prior signs of illness), massive hepatic necrosis, hemoglobinuric and to a lesser extent cholemic nephrosis, degenerative myopathy of cardiac and skeletal muscles, edema, icterus, and acute terminal congestion and hemorrhage. Clinical signs, deaths, or lesions attributed to selenium-vitamin E deficiency were not observed in any of the pigs fed the basal ration supplemented with as little as 0.01 ppm selenium as sodium selenite or 100 ppm alpha-tocopherol. Pigs fed the unsupplemented basal ration gained more slowly (P less than 0.01) and less efficiently and had higher serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels (P less than 0.01) than pigs fed the basal ration supplemented with selenium, vitamin E, or both. There was no difference (P greater than 0.05) in albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratios among dietary treatment groups. Using the criteria of this study, the minimum selenium requirement of growing pigs fed a low tocopherol cull pea diet was determined to be between 0.06 and 0.07 ppm. PMID- 1115426 TI - Repeated oral administration of coumaphos in sheep: effects on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and other constituents. AB - The effects of treating adult wethers with 2 or 4 mg of coumaphos/kg of body weight each day for 6 days were investigated. The smaller dose produced a gradual decrease of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (to maximum average reduction of approximately 45%), but without the appearance of signs of toxicosis. The larger dose appeared to be toxic. Treatment with the drug did not seem to alter significantly the anticholinesterase effects of a 2nd treatment made 6 weeks later. Coumaphos did not significantly affect serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) or isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) and concentrations of serum sodium and plasma calcium. A marked decrease in blood serum potassium and an increase in plasma magnesium occurred in all wethers that died after treatment with coumaphos, whereas appreciable changes did not occur in the survivors of the treatment given 6 weeks earlier. Treatment of sheep with an intravenous injection of the organophosphorous compound trichlorfon, insufficient to produce a significant effect on erythrocyte cholinesterase activity, produced additive effects with those of coumaphos. PMID- 1115427 TI - Some observations on experimentally induced infection of dogs with Babesia gibsoni. AB - Splenectomized andnonsplenectomized dogs were experimentally infected with Babesia gibsoni. Infectivity of parasites was retained for 1 month in samples of blood kept at 4 C in a mixture with Alsever's, acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD), or ammonium-potassium oxalate solutions. When samples were slowly frozen to -70 C in a mixture with citrate solution, the parasites remained infective for 4 months. The average prepatent period was 3.3 days in splenectomized dogs and 4 days in nonsplenectomized dogs. Clinical signs were mild fever and anemia in nonsplenectomized dogs and fever, anemia, icterus, and rarely, hemoglobinuria in splenectomized dogs. Blood packed cell volume (PCV) decreased to as little as 11%, and total bilirubin increased to as great as 0.85 mg/dl. Latent parasitemia was still detectable in some dogs 135 days after the initial parasitemia. Gross pathologic changes mainly involved liver and spleen. Hepatic degeneration was always present. PMID- 1115428 TI - Chronic depression of serum concentrations of sialic acid in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. AB - This study was performed to determine whether alloxan treatment of rats alters concentrations of the terminal carbohydrate residues, L-fucose and sialic acid, of serum glycoproteins. Results indicate that in the uncompensated diabetic rat, chronic depression of serum sialic acid concentration occurred with no apparent alteration in the concentration of L-fucose. The depression in sialic acid concentration may be attributed, in part, to decreased activities of hepatic enzymes involved in sialic acid synthesis similar to those observed by others after treatment of rats with the diabetogenic agent streptozotocin. The lack of any significant alteration in the concentration of L-fucose fails to confirm, in the experimental diabetic rat, the increased protein-bound fucose values reported in human diabetics. Administration of insulin was not effective in modifying the sialic acid response after alloxan treatment. PMID- 1115429 TI - Surgical anesthesia in turkeys with thialbarbital sodium. AB - Thialbarbital sodium was found to be a reliable and economical general anesthetic for domesticated turkeys. Despite shortness of action of the initial dose, surgical anesthesia was maintained longer than 2 hours by intermittent infusion via a brachial vein cannula. The drug was reconstituted just before use (66 mg/ml) with sterile 1% saline solution. Rapid smooth induction was produced with an initial dosage of 30 mg/kg for hens and 26.5 mg/kg for toms, when administered within a 30- to 60-second interval. Supplemental infusion of the drug in increments of 0.25 to 1.5 ml was used to sustain the desired level of deep narcosis. The occurrence of respiratory failure was considerably less for thialbarbital than with pentobarbital sodium. Recovery was rapid and smooth. PMID- 1115430 TI - Comparative body compositions of the dog and goat. AB - The weights of certain organs and tissues of dogs and goats were measured and expressed as percentages of the total body weights. Species differences were observed in the contribution of several organs to the body weight. In the goat, a large percentage of the body weight was due to gastrointestinal contents. When calculations were made with the gastrointestinal contents eliminated from the body weight, many of the originally observed differences disappeared. After exclusion of the weight of gastrointestinal contents, only the values for skin, large intestine, and kidneys were significantly different between species. The possible influence of body composition on drug dosage is discussed. PMID- 1115431 TI - Isolation of T-strain Mycoplasma from sheep and goats in Texas. AB - T-strain mycoplasmas were isolated from 3 of 42 lambs, 18 of 34 aged ewes, and 3 of 10 Spanish goats. This is the first report of isolation of T-strain mycoplasma from sheep and of the occurrence of T-strain mycoplasma in goats in the United States. PMID- 1115432 TI - Cannulation of ductus deferens of the boar: a surgical technique. AB - A cannula and collection system are described which permitted collection of semen directly from the epididymis via the ductus deferens from conscious boars while also simultaneously collecting semen via the ejaculation process. The cannula consisted of silicone rubber tubing that was surgically inserted into the ductus deferens 10 to 12 cm from the end of the cauda epididymidis. Cannulas were successfully used in 4 boars. Average daily output of spermatozoa was 11.2 times 109 and 12.4 times 109 from cannulated side and intact side, respectively. PMID- 1115433 TI - Experimentally induced cerebrospinal nematodiasis in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). AB - To determine if the rabbit can act as an intermediate host for ascarids from certain carnivorous animals (skunks, pigs, dogs), 12 rabbits were infected with Ascaris columnaris, Ascaris suum, or Toxocara canis. Clinical signs, microscopic lesions, and morphologic features of ascarids with naturally occurring and experimentally induced A columnaris infections were identical. Of the 3 induced parasitic infections, A columnaris caused the most severe lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). It appears that rabbits may potentially act as intermediate hosts for A columnaris. PMID- 1115434 TI - Murine ovarian teratoma. AB - A unilateral ovarian teratoma was observed in a C3H/HeN breeder mouse. Tissues originating form the 3 embryonal germ layers were present in the tumor. A focus suggestive of epithelial malignant transformation was noted; however, neither metastasis nor invasion into the surrounding capsule was found. PMID- 1115435 TI - The steep and thorny way to a science of behavior. PMID- 1115436 TI - Chemical evolution. PMID- 1115437 TI - Behavioral endocrinology: an emerging discipline. PMID- 1115438 TI - The apraxias: neural mechanisms of disorders of learned movement. PMID- 1115439 TI - Information content of bat sonar echoes. PMID- 1115440 TI - "Comparably massive" penicillin G therapy in renal failure. AB - Impairment of penicillin G excretion in renal failure may result in life threatening, dose-related toxicity. We report a method for achieving a desired mean serum penicillin G concentration in patients with renal failure, with minimal risk of both undertreatment and drug toxicity. The method is based on the linear relation between the total plasma clearance of penicillin G (Cpen) and the endogenous creatinine clearance. The daily maintenance dose of penicillin G (units) is defined by the product, Cpen (ml/min) times desired mean serum penicillin G concentration (mug/ml) times 2300. Application of this method to patients with various degrees of renal impairment by either constant-rate infusion or intermittent infusion gave serum penicillin G concentrations within the desired range in all but 1 of 15 instances. On the basis of these observations, practical guidelines for "comparably massive" penicillin G therapy are suggested. PMID- 1115441 TI - Vitamin D intoxication in an anephric child. AB - Although the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, is synthesized exclusively by kidney tissue, severe hypercalcemia developed in an anephric child treated with large doses of vitamin D. Treatment by calcium-free peritoneal dialysis acutely reduced serum calcium from 17.2 to 14.2 mg/100 ml. This decrement was effected by removal of three times the total calcium in extracellular fluid, suggesting enhanced bone resorption. Oral prednisolone for 7 days reduced serum calcium to 13 mg/100 ml, but hypercalcemia recurred rapidly after prednisolone was stopped. Calcitonin, given for only 4 one-half days, produced normocalcemia. Maximum serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), observed immediately after vitamin D was stopped, was 635 ng/ml (normal range 23-32 ng/ml) and subsequently decreased with an initial half-time of 10 days. Losses in peritoneal dialysate may have contributed to disappearance of serum 25-OHD. Because of the high serum levels of 25-OHD and absence of renal tissue, 25-OHD was the likely metabolite that caused hypercalcemia, probably by stimulation of bone resorption, though contribution to hypercalcemia by another vitamin D metabolite cannot be absolutely excluded. PMID- 1115442 TI - Plasma C-peptide and diagnosis of factitious hyperinsulinism. Study of an insulin dependent diabetic patient with "spontaneous" hypoglycemia. AB - Factitious hyperinsulinism was suspected in a patient with an 11-year history of insulin-dependent, ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus who began to experience repetitive episodes of "spontaneous" hypoglycemia. Insulin mediation of the hypoglycemia was confirmed by documenting that urinary insulin and total extractable insulin in plasma increased during periods of hypoglycemia. Failure to detect significant amounts of human C-peptide by radioimmunoassay during periods of hypoglycemia or in response to stimulation with glucagon, leucine, or tolbutamide indicated that the insulin was not endogenous. The diagnosis of factitious hyperinsulinism was ultimately proved by the finding of radioactivity in the patient's urine after 131-I Hippuran was added to a vial of insulin found in the patient's room. PMID- 1115443 TI - Hyperparathyroidism and carcinoid tumor. AB - Three patients with carcinoid tumor associated with hyperparathyroidism are described. All patients showed a high circulating immunoreactive calcitonin level with no differential increase in the neck venous catheterization specimens, suggesting that the high concentrations of circulating immunoreactive calcitonin may have come from the carcinoid tumor. We think that the hyperparathyroidism in these patients was primary and that the association with carcinoid tumor represents another form of multiple endocrine tumor formation. Hyperparathyroidism should be investigated in patients with carcinoid tumor. PMID- 1115444 TI - Prevalence of cholelithiasis in idiopathic late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency. AB - Twelve of 50 consecutive patients with idiopathic late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency had cholelithiasis. This represents a prevalence rate of 24%, which is significantly above the rate in a control group of 500 patients from this medical center matched 10:1 for age and sex (P less than 0.005). This finding adds a new gastrointestinal abnormality to those known to occur in idiopathic late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency. PMID- 1115445 TI - Rifampin and warfarin: a drug interaction. AB - The drug interaction between warfarin and rifampin is not well known. Rifampin has been reported to increase the warfarin requirements in human subjects ingesting these agents simultaneously. The concomitant administration of rifampin and warfarin resulted in the need for an unusually high maintenance dose of warfarin (20 mg per day) in order to produce a therapeutic effect. Withdrawal of rifampin decreased the warfarin requirement by 50%. This effect may be mediated by the ability of rifampin to induce microsomal enzymes and, thus, the catabolism of warfarin. The effect of rifampin on the warfarin requirement of our patient appeared to be maximal 5 to 7 days after the initiation of rifampin and extended a similar length of time after rifampin withdrawal. This interaction appears to be clinically significant. PMID- 1115447 TI - Letter: Yellow jackets in beer. PMID- 1115446 TI - Letter: Methemoglobinemia in acute copper sulfate poisoning. PMID- 1115449 TI - The patient with chronic renal failure: a marginal man. AB - Four years of experience in counseling more than a hundred patients with renal disease has led to a specific overview of a basic problem in self-image. Despite vast differences in patient personalities and life styles, there is one outstanding common element that has been seen repeatedly. These patients all share a desperate struggle to determine for themselves a realistic set of expectations and goals. They tend, after the initial impact of illness dissipates, to find themselves adrift somewhere between the world of the sick and the world of the well; they are, in effect, marginal men. PMID- 1115448 TI - UCLA Conference. Diagnosis and treatment of erosive rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of joint destruction. AB - Single or multiple destruction of joints arises from many causes, ranging from the acute destructive process (usually monarticular) in septic joint disease to the chronic, slowly evolving destruction of cartilage and adjacent bone that occurs in osteoarthritis. Medical treatment of a few of these conditions (including rheumatoid arthritis) is reasonably satisfactory if it is initiated early. On the other hand, surgical procedures are indicated if physical and X-ray examination of the involved joints discloses the presence of a significant destructive process involving both articular cartilage and bone. Several very satisfactory such operative techniques, including synovectomy (in the relatively early phases) and prosthetic joint replacement, have been recently developed. These are especially favorable in destructive disease of the hip, knee, or small joints of the hand. The various differential diagnostic, radiographic medical, and surgical procedures are discussed in some detail in this conference. PMID- 1115450 TI - Editorial: EMCROs and the evaluation of medical care. PMID- 1115451 TI - Medical education in Greece. PMID- 1115453 TI - Letter: Giardia in water. PMID- 1115452 TI - Transfer factor: warning on uncertainty of results. PMID- 1115454 TI - Letter: Methemalbumin and pancreatitis: a warning. PMID- 1115456 TI - Letter: Alcoholism a disease? PMID- 1115455 TI - Letter: Quinidine and granulomatous hepatitis. PMID- 1115457 TI - Letter: Cardiovascular disease and dialysis. PMID- 1115459 TI - Letter: Protocol for urinary tract infection. PMID- 1115458 TI - Letter: Bacterial infection and tuberculin reactivity. PMID- 1115460 TI - Letter: Aspirin sensitivity: other drugs. PMID- 1115461 TI - Letter: Dextran in recompression therapy. PMID- 1115462 TI - The physician's responsibility for suicide. I. An error of commission. AB - A series of individuals who committed suicide by overdose of medication was matched for age, sex, and marital status with individuals who committed suicide by other means in the same time period. Somewhat more of those who died by overdose had been under the recent care of a physician (91% versus 71%). Over half of those who died by overdose had received a prescription within a week or less before dying or had an unlimited prescription for a fully lethal amount of the hypnotic substance ingested. Individuals receiving smaller prescriptions (less than a total of 1.5 g secobarbital or the equivalent) either augmented this supply with other medications available or used something else entirely. Thus, in over half the cases, the physician supplied the complete means for suicide in a single prescription. The availability of a recently prescribed lethal amount of medication strikingly distinguished the ingesters from the noningester controls. PMID- 1115463 TI - The physician's responsibility for suicide. II. Errors of omission. AB - Forty-nine out of 60 persons who committed suicide had been under the care of 71 physicians within 6 months or less before committing suicide. Over two thirds of the patients had histories of suicide attempts or threats. These histories were known to only two fifths of the physicians responsible for their care, despite the information being readily available from other sources. There was substantial evidence of depressive illness in three quarters of the patients, yet the diagnosis was rarely made except by psychiatrists, and therefore the depression was rarely treated. Although a few patients had been recognized as representing suicidal risk, the great majority had not. The failure to diagnose and to treat depressive illness and the failure to be informed about the risk factors in these cases represent missed opportunities for preventive intervention. PMID- 1115464 TI - Phenobarbital effects in cholestatic liver diseases. AB - Fifteen patients with cholestatic disorders were treated for 1 to 5 months with phenobarbital. Primary biliary cirrhosis was diagnosed in seven, sclerosing cholangitis in two, intrahepatic biliary hypoplasia in three, and cholestatic hepatitis in three. Except for the patients with cholestatic hepatitis, in whom marked cholestasis was virtually the only abnormality in liver biopsy specimens, serum bilirubin and bile acid concentrations were diminished during therapy, the hepatic clearance of sulfobromophthalein and 131-I-rose bengal was variably enhanced, and there was relief from pruritus. Serum cholesterol concentrations and other measures of hepatic function were not significantly changed during therapy except for serum alkaline phosphatase activity, which rose in twelve patients. Parallel changes occurred in 5'-nucleotidase, suggesting a hepatic origin for the alkaline phosphatase activity. These studies indicate that phenobarbital therapy is associated with improvement in organic anion clearance in some patients with cholestatic disorders and may be beneficial to such patients. PMID- 1115465 TI - A test for patency of the cystic duct in acute cholecystitis. AB - A procedure was devised to quickly and reliably determine the patency of the cystic duct in patients suspected of having acute cholecystitis. First the gallbladder was stimulated to empty by a cholecystokinin injection. Thirty minutes later a radiolabeled biliary marker, either 150 muCi 131-I rose bengal or 2 mCi 99-mTc dihydrothioctic acid, was injected, and the accumulation of radioactivity in the liver and gallbladder regions was monitored by external gamma emission imaging and recording devices. The images of diagnostic importance were obtained between 60 and 90 minutes after injection of the tracer. Thirty nine patients with acute abdominal pain were studied. Ten patients who had acute cholecystitis failed to show gallbladder accumulation of radioactivity, reflecting the cystic duct obstruction that initiates this disease. Twenty-nine patients having a variety of other diseases all showed gallbladder accumulation of activity, indicating in each patient that the cystic duct was patent. No significant adverse effects were noted. We conclude that the procedure is a useful adjunct to the clinical and roentgenographic evaluation of patients with acute abdominal pain. PMID- 1115466 TI - Echography and phonography of acute aortic regurgitation in bacterial endocarditis. AB - Since management of acute aortic regurgitation in bacterial endocarditis is enhanced by early recognition, echocardiography and phonocardiography were evaluated in three such cases documented by catheterization and surgery without positive blood cultures and compared to echophonograms of 34 patients with aortic regurgitation of other origins. Endocarditis manifested distinctive, thickened, irregular aortic leaflet echoes with normal systolic excursion and mitral echopreclosure with anterior leaflet fluttering. Mitral preclosure resulted in mid- or end-diastolic crescendo murmur accompanied by soft first heart sound. Aortic echograms in nonendocarditis showed either widened root, diminished leaflet excursion, absence of irregular valvular thickening, or normal leaflets, all without mitral preclosure. This study shows specific echophonographic findings of aortic regurgitation due to endocarditis that enable diagnosis of this condition in the absence of positive blood cultures. PMID- 1115467 TI - Norepinephrine depletion in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. AB - Five patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and defective vasoconstrictor responses to the Valsalva maneuver and to application of ice to the forehead were found to have absent vasoconstriction in the forearm in response to intra-arterial administration of tyramine and enhanced vasoconstrictor responses in response to intra-arterial administration of norepinephrine. These findings strongly suggested norepinephrine depletion from the nerve endings and inability of the sympathetic nerve endings to take up norepinephrine. The depletion of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings was confirmed in four patients by demonstrating histochemically the absence of catecholamine-specific fluorescence in sympathetic vasomotor nerves from deltoid muscle. It is suggested that depletion of norepinephrine from nerve endings was responsible for autonomic dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension in these patients. PMID- 1115468 TI - Low platelet adhesiveness and other hemostatic abnormalities in hypothyroidism. AB - Fifteen patients with definite hypothyroidism and two with probable hypothyroidism had extensive hemostatic profiles done. In 12 of the 16 patients tested, the platelet adhesiveness (platelet retention in a glass bead column) was abnormal, and in 1 more it was borderline. In the six patients who were studied repeatedly, hemostatic abnormalities either markedly improved or disappeared after treatment with L-thyroxine. It is concluded that, in addition to the previously reported coagulation factor deficiencies (which we also observed in some of our patients), low platelet adhesiveness occurs frequently in patients with hypothyroidism. PMID- 1115469 TI - Hemorrhagic pleural effusion in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. AB - Three patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis developed hemorrhagic pleural effusion. The effusions seemed to be solely related to the uremic state, other causes having been excluded. Pulmonary restriction requiring decortication occurred in one patient. We concluded that hemorrhagic pleural effusion may be a complication of uremia in the chronically dialyzed patient and that fibrous pleuritis causing pulmonary restriction may result. PMID- 1115470 TI - Uremic pleural effusion. A study in 14 patients on chronic dialysis. AB - During a 21/2-year period, studies were done on 14 patients with chronic renal failure to evaluate pleural effusions which we believe were secondary to the uremic process. The patients with uremic pleural effusions closely resembled those in the group with chronic renal failure as a whole with respect to diagnosis and clinical features. Fever and pericarditis were noted in half the patients. The pleural fluid appeared serosanguineous or hemorrhagic in 10 of 14 patients and contained a predominance of lymphocytes more often than of neutrophils. Elevated protein and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels gave the effusion characteristics of an exudate. Pleural tissue obtained by pleural biopsy or autopsy showed chronic fibrinous pleuritis in every patient. With continued dialysis the effusions resolved in 4 to 6 weeks after thoracentesis in 11 patients and recurred in 3 patients. PMID- 1115471 TI - Parathyroid function in patients with pheochromocytoma. AB - Serum calcium, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH), and plasma immunoreactive calcitonin were measured in 12 patients with catecholamine secreting tumors. Only two patients had high serum calcium and immunoreactive PTH concentrations (one also had high basal immunoreactive calcitonin); in both, the hypercalcemia persisted after removal of their pheochromocytomas but was corrected by removal of hyperplastic parathyroid glands and medullary thyroid carcinomas. Of the 10 patients with normal serum calcium and immunoreactive PTH concentrations, 2 had high immunoreactive calcitonin concentrations and medullary thyroid carcinomas alone were found. Our results suggest that [1] hypercalcemia occurs infrequently in patients with pheochromocytoma, [2] chronic circulating catecholamine excess does not cause increased immunoreactive PTH or immunoreactive calcitonin secretion in patients with pheochromocytoma, and [3] the parathyroid disease in patients with pheochromocytoma is a genetically determined component of multiple endocrine neoplasia. PMID- 1115472 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as panniculitis (lupus profundus). AB - Six patients are described in whom panniculitis was a major manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. These patients were seen in a combined-clinics population of 270 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus for an incidence of approximately 2%. Panniculitis was the first symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus in three of these patients indicating that systemic lupus erythematosus should be considered as an underlying cause in patients with panniculitis or Weber-Christian's disease. Analysis of these six cases and those previously reported suggests that the addition of hydroxychloroquine to the treatment regimen may be beneficial in lupus panniculitis. PMID- 1115473 TI - Letter: Measurement of thickness of pleural effusions using an impedance probe: an aid in thoracentesis. PMID- 1115474 TI - Letter: Warfarin-induced necrosis of skin. PMID- 1115475 TI - Letter: Hyperlipemia and spuriously elevated hemoglobin values. PMID- 1115476 TI - Letter: Hypertension screening. PMID- 1115477 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus. Contrasts and comparisons. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease capable of exhibiting virtually any clinical manifestation, is discussed in detail and the findings are compared to those in other, presumably systemic lupus erythematosus-related connective tissue diseases. More emphasis has been placed on the clinical features than on the numerous laboratory manifestations. The conference begins and ends with a brief consideration of current concepts of pathogenesis and suggests some future investigational directions. PMID- 1115478 TI - Editorial: Subjectivity in science. PMID- 1115479 TI - Women too often on the fringes. PMID- 1115480 TI - Inherited complement deficiencies and systemic lupus erythematosus: an immunogenetic puzzle. PMID- 1115482 TI - Letter: Sewage as a resource. PMID- 1115481 TI - Australian aboriginal medicine before European contact. PMID- 1115483 TI - Letter: Enterococci. PMID- 1115484 TI - Letter: Errors with penicillin. PMID- 1115485 TI - Letter: Clindamycin-associated colitis. PMID- 1115486 TI - Letter: Prostatic cancer. PMID- 1115487 TI - Letter: Platelet function in lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1115488 TI - Letter: Acromegaly and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 1115489 TI - Letter: Syncope and heart block. PMID- 1115490 TI - Letter: Propranolol withdrawal. PMID- 1115491 TI - Letter: "Super A's" and counseling. PMID- 1115492 TI - Letter: Endocarditis in Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 1115493 TI - Letter: Nomenclature: familial Mediterranean fever and periodic peritonitis. PMID- 1115494 TI - Diagnosis and management of primary tumors of the petrous apex. AB - Five patients with primary tumors of the petrous apex were diagnosed and treated between the years 1968 to 1974; two had congenital epidermoids, two had chondromyxosarcomas and one had neurofibroma. The embryological development of the foramen lacerum and the pattern of expansion of these primary tumors support the contention that these three categories of tumors arise in the foramen lacerum. Knowledge of the structures surrounding the foramen lacerum can provide a guide to early diagnosis of petrous apex tumors. Since these tumors cannot be completely removed, the goal of surgery is to obtain histological diagnosis and to produce permanent fistulization of the petrous apex. Although there are several recommended surgical approaches to the petrous apex, the transmastoid translabyrinthine procedure was used in this series. PMID- 1115495 TI - Federal and state pesticide regulations and legislation. AB - The combined research, education, and regulatory efforts of federal and state governments have made possible an impressive record of abundant production while imposing minimal harm to human health and the environment. Considering that approximately one billion pounds of pesticides are being applied in the United States annually to control about 2000 pest species, the safety record is remarkable. The increased public concern about environmental values and long-term health effects is constructive and is resulting in some of the regulatory changes discussed in this article. The Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act can result in an improved and expanded joint effort by federal and state governments to limit the misuse of pesticides while permitting their use to facilitate increased production of food, feed, and fiber; provide protection from spoilage; improve health; and control nuisance insects and unwanted plants. Implementation of current regulations, plus those in the process of being enacted under authority of the new federal act, will be complex and costly. Regulations will control the registration, labeling, distribution, storage, use and application, and disposal of pesticides. A small segment of our society would like to have the use of all chemicals banned. A few individuals oppose all government controls. However, the vast majority of agricultural producer groups, representatives of industry, and the public support the need for pesticide regulations. Only through continued legal controls over pesticides may we hope to retain their use. Our society has gained tremendous benefits from the use of pesticides to prevent disease and to increase the production of food and fiber. Our need to use pesticides will continue to increase for the foreseeable future. Government agencies responsible for protecting human health and the environment must make sound judgments on an individual basis in evaluating the evidence concerning both the benefits and risks of using pesticides. PMID- 1115496 TI - Protozoa as agents responsible for the decline of Xanthomonas campestris in soil. AB - A streptomycin-resistant mutant of Xanthomonas campestris was used to assess the persistence of the plant pathogen in soil and the changes in populations that might be important for its survival. In soil into which large numbers of the organism were introduced, a marked decline in its abundance occurred, but after about 1 week its population density reached a level of about 105 and did not continue to fall during the test period. No such marked decline was evident in sterile soil inoculated with X. campestris. The bacterium did not lose viability if starved for carbon or inorganic nitrogen. Although abundant in soil, the numbers of propagules capable of producing antibiotics or lytic enzymes active against X. campestris did not increase coincident with the pathogen's decline, and no increase in tartrate-extractable toxins was observed. Neither bdellovibrios nor bacteriophages active against the xanthomonad were found in the soil, but a marked increase in the frequency of protozoa paralleled the phase of rapid diminution in the X. campestris population. In actidione-treated soil, in which protozoan activity was severly limited, the high cell density of the pathogen was maintained. On the basis of these data, it is concluded that predation by protozoa is responsible for the abrupt fall in frequency of the bacterium in natural soil. PMID- 1115497 TI - Stereoisomeric specificity and soil gas disequilibria: implications for martian life detection. AB - Variations in the atmospheric composition of soil samples were monitored by mass spectrometry after the addition of mixtures of D- and L-carbohydrates and/or amino acids. The changes in concentrations of CO2 in these experiments were found to be related to the steroisomeric configurations of the compounds with which the soil samples were enriched. The potential of this relationship provides a comparatively simple approach for detecting life in extraterrestrial soils. PMID- 1115498 TI - Protein content and amino acid composition of certain fungi evaluated for microbial protein production. AB - The protein and total amino acid contents of four mycelial fungal strains and one yeast were approximately the same for cultures harvested in the mid-log and early stationary growth phases. It was found that Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium moniliforme contained approximately 30% more protein and total amino acids than Aspergillus niger. The amino acid composition of mycelial protein compares favorably with that of British Petroleum yeast protein Toprina produced commercially on hydrocarbon substrates. Fusarium spp. may be suitable for commercial production of microbial protein, especially when low-cost agricultural or industrial waste products are readily available as energy sources. Genetic manipulation of these fungi, such as induction of mutant strains through irradiation, may be desirable to obtain a mycelial product of improved yield and/or quality. PMID- 1115499 TI - Effects of mercuric chloride on growth and morphology of selected strains of mercury-resistant bacteria. AB - A survey of the comparative cytological effects of growth in the presence of mercury by a group of mercury-resistant bacterial cultures and a characterization of the process of bacterial adaptation to Hg2+ ion was accomplished. Mercury resistance was found to be dependent upon the ability to volatilize mercury from the medium and upon the amount of mercury accumulated by the cells. The results indicate that most cultures which adapt to growth in the presence of HgCl2 exhibit extensive morphological abnormalities. Significant effects are delay in the onset of growth and cell division and numerous structural irregularities associated with cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane synthesis and function. A detailed analysis of the adaptation process and the resulting effects on morphology was performed on an Enterobacter sp. During the period preceding active multiplication, a selection for mercury-resistant mutants occurred. It was also demonstrated that growth commenced only at a specific threshold concentration of HG2+. PMID- 1115500 TI - Rapid method for preparing cell-free extracts of Aspergillus ochraceus. AB - A rapid method for preparing cell-free extracts of Aspergillus ochraceus was developed. Mycelial mats were prefrozen in liquid nitrogen, ground to a fine powder in a cold mortar, and homogenized in an all-glass mechanical homogenizer. This method provided preparations averaging 43.0 mg of protein per g of mycelium (wet weight). The method was fast, efficient, and did not subject the extract to temperatures above 1 C or to heavy metals. The preparation method was suitable for studying a variety of in vitro fungal enzyme systems. Amylase, acid phosphate dehydrogenase, beta-glucosidase, beta fructofuranosidase, and trehalase activities were measurable in the preparations. PMID- 1115501 TI - Heat-induced increase in the number of viable cells in lyophilized preparations of Bacillus popilliae. AB - Viable cells detectable in lyophilized preparations of Bacillus popilliae were increased by 72% when dry cells were heated at 60 to 65 C for 2.5 h. PMID- 1115502 TI - Enhancement of mycoplasma virus plaque visibility by tetrazolium. AB - The plating of mycoplasma virus MVL-1 is greatly improved by the use of tetrazolium to enhance the visibility of the lawn. PMID- 1115503 TI - Stability of aflatoxin B-1 and ochratoxin A in brewing. AB - The stability of aflatoxin B-1 and ochratoxin A in brewing was investigated by adding the purified toxins to the raw materials at 1 and 10 mug/g levels during mashing in a conventional micro-brewing process. The results indicate that both toxins are stable to heat and are insensitive to cooker mash treatment. Both mycotoxins were partially removed in the mashing and brewing processes. About 14 to 18% and 27 to 28% of the added toxins were found in the final beers brewed from starting materials containing 1 and 10 mug, respectively, of either toxin per g. The possible route of transmission of mycotoxins into beer is discussed. PMID- 1115504 TI - Solid-substrate fermentor for ochratoxin A production. AB - A laboratory-scale fermentor designed for solid-substrate fermentation was constructed and tested. Its capacity to produce ochratoxin under varied conditions was determined with wheat as substrate. Ochratoxin yields of 2,000 to 2,500 mug/g of wheat were regularly obtained, and occasionally yields as high as 4,000 mug/g were obtained. The most critical factor in the fermentation was initial substrate moisture content; wheat tempered at 30 to 31% moisture produced the highest yields. Other variables tested were agitation and aeration rates, initial static culture time, and inoculum types and volumes. PMID- 1115505 TI - The moroccan food snail, Helix aspersa, as a source of Salmonella. AB - A total of 270 samples, nine lots of 30 samples each, of imported Moroccan food snails was examined for the presence of Salmonella. Eighty-four samples (an overall incidence of 31.11%) and all nine lots contained Salmonella. No significant difference (P greater than 0.25) in the number of positive samples was observed by using either selenite cystine both or tetrathionate broth when the samples had been pre-enriched in lactose broth. When used as direct selective enrichments with samples not pre-enriched in lactose broth, tetrathionate broth was significantly (P less than 0.05) more productive than selenite cystine broth. The overall detection of Salmonella-positive samples by direct enrichment was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than by pre-enrichment. A variety of uncommon serotypes occurrence and incidence, and the concomitant human health potential, of Salmonella in one species of live, imported food snails. PMID- 1115506 TI - Effect of relative humidity on the survival of airborne unicellular algae. AB - A method is described which is suitable for assessing the effects of relative humidity (RH) on the viability of two unicellular algae in experimental aerosols. Viable cells of Nannochloris atomus collected from the airborne state were detected by plating onto agar surfaces of an appropriate growth medium, whereas viable airborne cells of Synechococcus sp., because of unreliable growth on solid media, were determined by a liquid assay system. The assays were performed at intervals during short-term and prolonged storage of algal aerosols in chambers preconditioned to a selected RH and temperature. Both species showed the greatest loss in viability during the first minute after atomization, and the extent of this inactivation, as a function of RH, reflected the subsequent long-term survival. The airborne eukaryotic alga was unable to survive at an RH below 91%, whereas the airborne prokaryotic alga was comparatively stable over a wide humidity range. Initial inactivation was least and long-term survival best, for both species, at 94% RH. PMID- 1115507 TI - Oxidative degradation of squalene by Arthrobacter species. AB - An organism isolated from soil and identified as Arthrobacter sp. was studied for its squalene degradation. The degradation product from squalene, which accumulated in the culture broth, was isolated and identified as trans geranylacetone by mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, infrared spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Addition of a high concentration of K2HPO4 to the culture medium resulted in accumulation of fairly large amounts of carboxylic acids in addition to geranylacetone. These carboxylic acids were identified as isovaleric, beta,beta'-dimethylacrylic, geranic, and (plus)-(R) citronellic acids. Among these acids, alpha,beta-saturated carboxylic acids were found to be predominant in quantity. PMID- 1115508 TI - Microbial reduction of 1,3-dioxo-2-methyl-2-(3'0oxo-6'-carbomethoxyhexyl) cyclopentane to form 1 beta-hydroxy-3-oxo-2beta-methyl-2alpha-(3'-oxo-6' carbomethoxyhexyl)-cyclopentane, an intermediate for steroid total syntheses. AB - The rate and extent of stereoselective reduction of 1,3-dioxo-2-methyl-2-(3'-oxo 6'-carbomethoxyhexyl)-cyclopentane to form the 1beta-hydroxy-2beta-methyl isomer by cultures of Schizosaccharomyces pombe ATCC 2476 was dramatically increased by addition to the fermentation of certain alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and allyl alcohol. PMID- 1115509 TI - Intralesional triamcinolone therapy for pretibial myxedema. AB - In a prospective study, nine patients with pretibial myxedema were treated with intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide. Complete resolution of the myxedematous plaques was obtained in seven of the nine patients. The other two patients failed to complete their treatment programs but did show partial resolution. For most patients the monthly injection of 8 ml or less of a solution containing 5 mg/ml of triamcinolone proved to be the most effective dosage schedule. No serious side effects were encountered. New nodules of myxedema developed in some patients after the initial completion of therapy; these nodules responded to reinjection using the same dosage schedule. PMID- 1115510 TI - Fixed long ultraviolet eruption. AB - For five years, a 40-year-old woman has had an itchy, erythematous, papular eruption with indistinct margins localized to particular areas on the exposed surface of the face. The eruption is precipitated by sunlight or fluorescent lighting and can be reproduced by exposure of affected parts of the face to long ultraviolet radiation (UV) but not by exposure to the shorter sunburing UV. It cannot be reproduced on the skin of the back. Frequent application of a sunscreen that absorbs the long UV completely supresses the eruption. This entity has not been described previously, to my knowledge. PMID- 1115511 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita with electron microscopical studies. AB - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), one of the rare, scarring, nonhereditary, mechanobullous diseases, occurred in a 74-year-old woman. Clinical histological, and immunofluorescent findings are comparible with those previously reported in cases of EBA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of electron microscopical studies in EBA. Electron microscopy of "normal-looking" skin with EBA shows a noncellular, amorphous material on the dermal side of the basal lamina. Electron microscopy of slightly traumatized skin with EBA is very similar to that seen in dermolytic bullous dermatosis. PMID- 1115512 TI - Acute, eruptive Darier disease (keratosis follicularis). AB - Because of the rarity of Darier's disease (keratosis follicularis) occurring as an acute, eruptive disease in a mature adult, a case with sudden onset in a 51 year-old white man is reported. Small, pale-gray, smooth papules on the sides of the arms spread to the sides of the chest, abdomen, and legs within a week. With a biopsy examination, histopathologic findings were acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, lacunae, acantholysis, corps ronds, and grains. Topical therapy with 0.05% fluocinonide (Lidex) cream has given marked improvement. PMID- 1115513 TI - Erythema gyratum repens with metastatic adenocarcinoma. AB - A patient with Erythema Gyratum Repens (EGR) had a marked increase of his eruption, with uncontrollable pruritus that was unresponsive to steriod therapy. This culminated in an exfoliative dermatitis. A metastatic, undifferentiated adenocarcinoma was removed following a right-sided craniotomy. The patient then had complete cessation of his pruritus, with moderate improvement of his eruption. All the reported cases of EGR were reviewed in terms of the source of the malignant disorder. The relationship between the time of onset of the EGR and the discovery of the malignant disorder, as well as the effect of treatment of the malignant condition on the course of the EGR, was studied. The data suggest a highly probable relationship between the two. PMID- 1115514 TI - The skin in the Winchester syndrome. AB - The Winchester syndrome, a rare inherited disorder, is characterized by dwarfism, carpal-tarsal osteolysis, rheumatoid-like small joint destruction, corneal opacities, and thickening and hypertrichosis of the skin, unlike that seen in other genodermatoses. The early stages of cutaneous abnormalities are characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts deep in the dermis, while hypocellular homogenization of the collagen is evident later. Ultrastructural peculiarities of fibroblasts include dilated and vacuolated mitochondria, the presence of varying amounts of myofilaments in the cytoplasm, and a prominent fibrous nuclear lamina. Cells other than fibroblasts display no abnormalities. The basic defect in this disorder is unknown; however, it may be related to abnormal function of fibroblasts. PMID- 1115515 TI - Letter: Facial hemiatrophy in art. PMID- 1115516 TI - Letter: Porphyria cutanea tarda in young women. PMID- 1115517 TI - Letter: Secondary syphilis and sarcoidosis. PMID- 1115518 TI - Letter: Neurotic excoriations. PMID- 1115519 TI - Letter: Methylene blue and light therapy for herpes simplex. PMID- 1115520 TI - Letter: Krinkle finger syndrome. PMID- 1115521 TI - Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz's syndrome). PMID- 1115522 TI - Proliferation pattern of hamster melanoma cells cultured in diffusion chambers in pre-immunized hosts. AB - Fortner M Mel 1 melanoma cells from the Golden Hamster were capable of exponential proliferation during intraperitoneal diffusion chamber culture in xenogenic host animals (Balb/c mice, BD IX and Marshall rats). When the host animals had been preimmunized with these melanoma cells, rapid cell lysis was observed in the chambers within 4 hrs after implantation. The cell numbers were reduced to about 1 - 10% of the inoculum. At this level the cell numbers persisted for several days, as opposed to control cultures in untreated hosts, where the cells proliferated rapidly. After 6 - 10 days the cell numbers in chambers from immunized hosts slowly increased in spite of a high level of cytotoxicity in ther serum of the animals. The same pattern was seen after previous immunization with hamster lymphocytes, indicating that the antibodies were directed against a common antigen for melanoma cells and lymphocytes in hamsters. The diffusion chamber method appears to be a useful system for the study of a pure humoral immune reaction against tumour cells, and especially for investigation of the phenomenon that some tumour cells are able to escape a strong humoral cytotoxic effect from host animals. PMID- 1115523 TI - On the structure of the normal nail. A scanning electron microscope study. AB - A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of cut surfaces in normal human nails have confirmed the previous description of nail structure, i. e. the hard dorsal nail plate supported by the plastic intermediate nail plate. PMID- 1115524 TI - Mast cells in the epidermis of piebaldism. AB - The depigmented lesion in a case of piebaldism (partial albinism) was examined by electron microscopy. In the epidermis melanocytes were absent and the number of Langerhans cells was increased. In addition several mast cells were found in the epidermis. PMID- 1115525 TI - Iron in skin biopsies. PMID- 1115526 TI - Reliability of forecasts of annoyance reactions. A study of exposure to noise and air pollution. AB - Studies of the effect of external environmental factors on the individual are often carried out in order to obtain a basis for forecasts. The aim of the case studies reported has been to check the reliability of predictions of annoyance from four different external sources of discomfort. The results confirm the assumption that forecasts based on empirical studies provide a reliable picture of what the occurrence and extent of the annoyance reactions will be. PMID- 1115527 TI - Letters to the editor: Cigarette smoking and pneumoconiosis among coal miners. PMID- 1115528 TI - Letter: Long-term exposure of factory workers to dichlorvos (DDVP) insecticide. PMID- 1115529 TI - Inhalation carcinogenicity of alpha halo ethers. I. The acute inhalation toxicity of chloromethyl methyl ether and bis(chloromethyl)ether. AB - A range of acute studies were performed with chloromethyl methyl either (CMME) and bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME), including 14-day LC50's following single seven hour inhalation exposures. The LC50's for CMME were 55 ppm for rats and 65 ppm for hamsters. The LC50's for BCME were 7 ppm for both species. All animals showed characteristic changes of acute irritation of the respiratory tract manifested by congestion, edema, and hemorrhage. Severe shortening of life span was seen in 30 day exposures of rats to CMME and in all studies with BCME. Incidences of mucosal changes, including atypia, were generally increased in a dose-related manner in both species. The carcinogenicity of BCME in these range finding experiments was demonstrated by a skin cancer in a rat after three exposures and a nasal tumor in a hamster after one exposure to 1 ppm BCME. PMID- 1115530 TI - Inhalation carcinogenicity of alpha halo ethers. II. Chronic inhalation studies with chloromethyl methyl ether. AB - Rats and hamsters were exposed to 1 ppm of chloromethyl methyl ether six hours per day, five days per week, throughout their lifetime. Mortality and weight gain of the exposed animals paralleled that of the control animals. Malignant tumors of the respiratory tract were found in two rats. These were a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with blood vessel invasion and an esthesloneuroepithelioma originating in the olfactory epithelium and invading the forebrain. One hamster was found to have an adenocarcinoma of the lung and another, a squamous papilloma of the trachea. A single exposed rat had a pituitary tumor of primitive cell type that may well have been coincidental. PMID- 1115531 TI - Inhalation carcinogenicity of alpha halo ethers. III. Lifetime and limited period inhalation studies with bis(chloromethyl)ether at 0.1 ppm. AB - Rats and hamsters were exposed to 0.1 ppm bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) six hours per day, five days per week throughout their lifetime. Additional groups of rats were given 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 exposures to 0.1 ppm BCME and then held until death. Forty cancers originating in the respiratory tract were found in the 200 rats involved in these studies. These included 14 cancers of the lung and 26 cancers of the nasal cavity. They occurred in dose-related fashion. A single undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung was seen in a hamster. PMID- 1115532 TI - Serum thyroxine in the early diagnosis of carbon disulfide poisoning. AB - Serum thyroxine and blood lipids were assayed in 45 subjects exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2). A highly significant statistical reduction of thyroxine in relation to the exposure time was found and the levels appeared lower in the subjects with retinal vessel alterations. A significant interrelation between cholesterol and serum thyroxine was also evidenced. Serum thyroxine assay is suggested as a reliable test in the early diagnosis of CS2 poisoning. PMID- 1115533 TI - Lung function consequences of dust exposure in asbestos cement manufacturing plants. AB - A comprehensive study of health effects associated with the mixed dust exposure in this industry has included the collection of clinical, radiographic, lung function, and dust exposure data on 859 workers in two plants. Evidence is presented supporting a dose-response relationship between indexes of dust exposure and lung function, similar to the previously reported relationship with extent of x-ray film changes using the ILO U/C classification. Lung volumes and maximum expiratory flow rates decrease in relation to increasing cumulative dust exposure while pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL) is not dust-dose related. Worders who had crocidolite exposure had smaller lung volumes, lower expiratory flow rates, and reduced DL when compared with those having only chrysotile exposure. When the study population is divided into exposure groups, data thus far analyzed suggest that the chest x-ray film will reveal small opacities as early as significant functional changes can be detected, but individuals may have functional reduction prior to the appearance of x-ray film changes. PMID- 1115535 TI - The health of retired fibrous glass workers. AB - A total of 416 men, retiring during the period 1945 to 1972 from six plants engaged mainly in the manufacture of fibrous glass insulation, were studied to see how their mortality experience compared with that of white men in the entire United States living in comparable age and time intervals. The mean follow-up period from first exposure was about 30 years. Overall mortality was low and there was no evidence of an excess in respiratory cancer mortality. No mesotheliomas were noted. For 115 men retiring from the same six plants during the period 1945 to 1972 due to a disability the distribution of disabilities by cause was compared with an expected distribution based on the experience of the Social Security Administration. This comparison showed no evidence of any unusual health hazards among fibrous glass workers, except a possible excess in chronic bronchitis. PMID- 1115534 TI - Occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides: a neurobehavioral study. AB - Acute organophosphate intoxication in man is well known to result in substantial central nervous system dysfunction. To test the hypothesis that similar neurobehavioral abnormalities might be present in mild degree in workers chronically exposed to organophosphate pesticides, 23 such subjects were tested for abnormalities in memory, signal processing, vigilance, language, and proprioceptive feedback performance. The performance of the exposed workers was not deficient in any of the five measures assessed when compared with the performance of a control group matched for age and educational background. Plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase levels were found to be in the normal range in both exposed and control groups, although plasma levels of exposed subjects were depressed somewhat below control values. Relative resistance of higher nervous system functions to mild chronic organophosphate exposure is suggested by these results. PMID- 1115536 TI - Photochemical air pollution: its effects on respiratory function of elementary school children. AB - The effects of photochemical air pollution on respiratory function of Tokyo elementary school children were investigated. Nine types of environmental factors were continuously recorded. Seven categories of respiratory function tests were performed on 20 normal 11-year-old children once a week from June to December 1972, as a general rule. The correlation coefficients between respiratory function measurements and each of the environmental factors were calculated. The maximum expiratory flow rate (V max) showed high correlation with the largest number of environmental factors. Among environmental factors, temperature highly affected various respiratory function tests. The O3 was significantly associated with airway resistance (Raw) or specific airway conductance (Gaw/Vtg), NO or NO2 with V max, and temperature with Raw, Gaw/Vtg, and V max. Two subjects among all subjects were considered as the reactors to the environmental factors. PMID- 1115537 TI - Carbon monoxide in the urban atmosphere: hazards to the pedestrian and the street worker. AB - The carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations encountered by pedestrians and workers in the streets of a large metropolis were monitored by a reliable and sensitive portable detector (the Ecolyzer). Up to 1,000 observations per day were collected for several months during the summer and fall of 1973. The CO levels ranged from 10 to 50 ppm (varying with wind speed and direction, atmospheric stability, traffic density, and the height of nearby buildings). Much higher average concentrations were found in such adverse sites as poorly ventilated underpasses and underground garages. Street closures for a pedestrian mall reduced levels on the mall to around the general urban background withoug large increases in readings on adjoining streets. Many street-workers have little medical supervision, and for this reason the urban eight-hour CO ceilings may be a more appropriate air quality target than the usual industrial figure of 50 ppm. However, even the latter is sometimes exceeded on busy city streets. PMID- 1115538 TI - Heat wave mortality in New York City, 1949 to 1970. AB - Epidemiological studies have been carried out to search for an influence of air conditioning on patterns of heat wave mortality in New York City. Two models were used to predict total daily summer mortality as a function of temperature; one of the models included heat acclimatization effects. Ratios of the models' predictions of heat wave mortality to actual mortality were calculated for heat waves occurring during 12 summers in the period 1949 to 1970. Trends in these ratios as a function of time were sought. The analysis suggests that the relative magnitudes of excess mortality during initial summer heat waves may have decreased over the 21-year period. No trend was observed for excess mortality during late summer heat waves. PMID- 1115539 TI - Bacterial contamination of organic dusts: effects on pulmonary cell reactions. AB - The influence of water extracts from different organic dusts on the number of free lung cells was studied in short-term exposure experiments. A large increase in the number of leukocytes was found 24 hours after exposure to extracts from cotton and hay. The number of macrophages was not affected. The increase was greater when the dusts were incubated at 37 C and 100% relative humidity prior to the preparation of the extract. This procedure caused an increase in the number of bacteria. When different bacterial species were studied endotoxin-producing strains were found to cause the largest effect. PMID- 1115540 TI - Cadmium accumulation in rat liver. AB - The biochemical accumulation and clinical pathological conditions induced by intraperitoneal administration of cadmium was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. Injected doses of cadmium ranging from 0.5 to 3 mg/kg of body weight were administered. Distribution studies of Cd in the liver indicated the metal was bound to a soluble protein, and that the amount of metal present increases with increasing dosage. The pathological changes were found to correlate better with hepatic concentration of metal than with the injected dose. PMID- 1115541 TI - Cadmium-binding in human liver and kidney. AB - Autopsy specimens of liver and kidneys from 40 patients have been analyzed for cadmium and zinc. Sephadex chromatography was performed on soluble extracts from these tissues. In samples from 19 patients a cadmium-binding protein was found. The mean cadmium content of kidney in this group was higher than the corresponding value for all 40 patients. A molecular weight of 10 to 12,000 was estimated for the cadmium-binding protein by Sephadex chromatography. Isoelectric focusing resolved two peaks with pl 4.8 and pl 6.0, the OD254/OD280ratio for both peaks being about 5. These data indicate that humans without known occupational exposure to cadmium do have a cadmium-binding protein similar to metallothionein in their liver and kidney. PMID- 1115542 TI - Postoperative studies in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 1115543 TI - Aortic valve replacement in the young child. PMID- 1115544 TI - Pericardial decompression. PMID- 1115545 TI - Safe release of impacted pacemaker electrodes. PMID- 1115546 TI - Treatment of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias by cardiac sympathectomy and permanent ventricular pacing. PMID- 1115547 TI - Successful repair of complete atrioventricular canal with undivided anterior common leaflet in a 6-month-old infant. PMID- 1115548 TI - Ectopic thyroid nodule in the esophagus. PMID- 1115549 TI - Mediastinoscopy. Its application in central versus peripheral thoracic lesions. AB - In an attempt to ascertain the value of mediastinoscopy in peripheral lung lesions, records of 157 patients undergoing cervicomediastinal exploration (CME) at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center were reviewed. Among patients with benign lesions, CME was positive in 90.6% of those who had central lesions and 58.3% of those with peripheral lesions. It was positive in all 7 patients who had peripheral lesions with associated mediastinal nodes on roentgenogram and negative in all 5 who had peripheral lesions without nodes. In the patients with malignant lesions, CME was positive in 72.9% of those who had central lesions and 58.1% of those with peripheral lesions. It was positive in 24 of 27 patients who had peripheral lesions with associated mediastinal nodes and negative in 15 of 16 patients with peripheral lesions without nodes. Although we recognize this to be a selected series, CME does appear to be valuable in patients with central lesions and peripheral lesions with mediastinal nodal involvement on roentgenogram. It does not appear to be as useful in those with peripheral lesions who do not have central nodal involvement. PMID- 1115550 TI - Prognostic value of electroencephalography in cardiac surgery. AB - One hundred seventeen patients undergoing cardiac operations over a two-year period were studied. Electroencephalograms were recorded preoperatively, in the recovery room (up to 12 hours following operation), 24 hours later, and further as required. Operative and anesthesia data were correlated with EEG findings. All patients had normal EEGs preoperatively. This unusual occurrence may largely reflect the absence of congenital heart disease and the small number of valvular lesions in our patients. Prognosis was not significantly influenced by age. Bypass time appeared directly related to outcome by group but not individually. Hypotension prior to pumping occurred most often and mean blood loss was greatest in the patients who had abnormal EEGs in the recovery room with progressively worsening patterns until death. In the recovery room many patients were awake, while others were either drowsy, lethargic, or asleep. Some were comatose. The level of consciousness was not as prognostic as was the EEG. The pattern of EEGs in the first few postoperative days is more important than any single record by itself. All those who showed progressive deterioration in the first two or three days died shortly thereafter. PMID- 1115551 TI - The use of saline-washed frozen red cells for extracorporeal bypass. AB - The use of saline-washed frozen red cells and homologous whole blood during cardiopulmonary bypass was compared in two groups of patients with similar medical disease, sex, age, pump time, types of operation, and surgical techniques. A technique for using saline-washed frozen red cells for cardiopulmonary bypass with no increase in hemolysis is described. Increased platelet counts were present at the end of bypass in the patients who were given frozen cells. The availability and the many advantages of frozen cells, such as improved oxygen transport and the absence of homologous blood reactions and viral infections, make them the preferred cellular blood component for use during open heart operations. PMID- 1115553 TI - Correction of absence of the aortopulmonary septum by creation of concentric great vessels. AB - An 18-year-old patient is reported who had simultaneous occurrence of aortopulmonary septal absence, complete interruption of the aortic arch, and patent ductus arteriosus. This is the only known patient who has had total anatomical correction of this combination of defects. Correction was accomplished by staged procedures; the first stage consisted of obliteration of the patent ductus and establishment of aortic continuity; this was followed one year later by the second stage, which included a unique method for repair of absence of the aortopulmonary septum. The surgical desirability and embryological implications of criteria for differentiating truncus arteriosus from aortopulmonary septal defect are presented. Follow-up physiological evaluations and the patient's death from the effects of increasing pulmonary vascular disease (despite early symptomatic improvement) approximately two years after completion of the repair underscore the importance of early diagnosis and operative intervention. PMID- 1115552 TI - Aneurysm and fistula of the sinus of Valsalva. Clinical considerations and surgical treatment in 45 patients. AB - Aneurysms and fistulas of the sinus of Valsalva, although rare, present a challenging surgical problem. Forty-five patients with this lesion have undergone operative treatment during the last 17 years. The series includes 32 male and 13 female patients ranging in age from 2 to 68 years with a mean age of 35.3 years. Only 1 early death occurred in the series, a hospital mortality of 2.2%. Diagnosis of the aneurysm was made preoperatively in 30 patients and discovered at operation 15. The lesion involved the right coronary sinus in 28 patients, the noncoronary sinus in 19, and the left coronary sinus in 5. The aneurysm had not ruptured in 22 patients and had formed a fistulous communication between the right coronary sinus and the right ventricle in 13. Acute rupture occurred in 10 patients (22.2%). Long-term follow-up data were obtained in 38 patients after 1 to 15 years. Late mortality is low. A nonruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva should be managed conservatively when it occurs as an isolated lesion. Our experience supports the concept that perforated aneurysms and fistulas of the sinus of Valsalva, even if asymptomatic, should be treated operatively. PMID- 1115554 TI - Balloon catheter for endoscopic removal of foreign bodies. AB - A method for endoscopic removal of foreign bodies in the bronchial tree and esophagus using a balloon catheter is described. PMID- 1115555 TI - Pseudosarcoma of the esophagus. AB - Polypoid lesions of the esophagus occur infrequently and may be benign or malignant. One malignant polypoid tumor, pseudosarcoma, appears to be a distinct pathological entity; the polypoid portion is composed of sarcomatous spindle cells and the base of the polyp shows in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma. A patient with this lesion is described and the 16 previously reported patients are reviewed. The results indicate that local resection is inadequate; radical esophagectomy is required for cure. PMID- 1115556 TI - Late embolization of prosthetic mitral valve occluder with survival following reoperation. AB - Embolization of the occluder from a prosthetic mitral valve is an extremely rare event. Previous reports in the literature have described the uniformly fatal outcome of this complication. A case in which the occluder from a Wada-Cutter mitral prosthesis embolized five years following implantation is presented. The patient survived following emergency reoperation. Several unique features of escaped mitral poppet are discussed. Depending upon cardiac reserves, patients who have this complication may live long enough to allow emergency operative intervention and eventual recovery. PMID- 1115557 TI - Esophageal injury. AB - This review considers all possible modes of esophageal injury, based on a schema originally published in 1954 and more recently modified in 1970. For each category of injury there are detailed discussions of diagnosis and treatment. The best available knowledge of present-day modalities has been based on a survey of the literature for the past decade. When diverse methods of treatment were encountered, we have made comments consistent with our personal experience, when appropriate. The medicolegal literature contains a number of references to esophaegeal injury. Certain excerpts dealing with several types of potential actions are extracted: (1) suits to recover damages for esophageal perforation in which negligent endoscopy was claimed; (2) suits following endoscopic accidents in which lack of informed consent was claimed; and (3) suits for professional liability based on misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, or wrong treatment of esophaegeal perforation. PMID- 1115558 TI - Citrate lyase from Streptococcus diacetilactis. Association with its acetylating enzyme. AB - Citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6) was purified 38-fold from cell-free extracts of Streptococcus diacetilactis. The enzyme was homogeneous in analytical ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The final enzyme preparation contained acetate: HS-citrate lyase ligase--an acetylating enzyme which converts inactive HS-citrate lyase into enzymatically active acetyl-S citrate lyase. This enzyme activity was purified 25-fold over the crude extract and seemed to be associated with citrate lyase. Partially purified citrate lyase from Leuconostoc citrovorum contained also its acetylating enzyme. Purified citrate lyases from Klebsiella aerogenes and Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa were devoid of acetylating enzyme activity. The HS-form of citrate lyase from S. diacetilactis was completely acetylated and hence activated by incubation with ATP and acetate for 25 min at 25 degrees C. The enzyme did not acetylate the HS lyases from R. gelatinosa and K. aerogenes. In contrast to the citrate lyases from R. gelatinosa and K. aerogenes the enzymes from S. diacetilactis and L. citrovorum showed only a very weak reaction inactivation. It is assumed that this is due to the association of the acetylating enzymes with these lyases. PMID- 1115559 TI - Charcterization and physiological function of a soluble L-amino acid oxidase in Corynebacterium. AB - A general L-amino acid oxidase (L-amino acid: oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC(1.4.3.2) has been characterized in Corynebacterium. The enzyme is soluble (MW 130000-140000) and is active with most L-alpha-amino acids but not with aspartate, threonine, proline and glycine. It is subject to substrate inhibition. This amino acid oxidase is induced along with catalase by growth in the presence of amino acids as a nitrogen source and is repressed when ammonium ions are present in the medium. Its probable physiological function is to allow the utilization of amino acids as a nitrogen source. PMID- 1115560 TI - The uptake of fructose by Pseudomonas putida. AB - Fructose transport was not apparently affected in a number of Pseudomonas putida strains with deranged activity of a common glucose-gluconate uptake system, indicating the existence of an independent fructose uptake system. Fructose uptake by glucose-gluconate uptake mutants was induced by fructose and obeyed saturation kinetics (apparent Km equal 0.3 mM). The fructose uptake system serves to transport glucose in addition to fructose. The entry of fructose into P.putida cells appears to be mediated also by the glucose-gluconate uptake system, as shown by the ability to accumulate fructose of wild type cells grown on glucose, a substrate that induces the glucose-gluconate uptake system but not the fructose uptake system. In addition, fructose was found to be an inducer of the glucose gluconate uptake system. The physiological significance of these observations is not clear because the fructose uptake system can provide the cell with a high enough internal concentration of fructose to support maximum growth rate on this hexose, as shown by following the growth course of a glucose-gluconate uptake mutants on fructose. PMID- 1115561 TI - Sex specificity of hormone synthesis in Mucor mucedo. AB - Sex specificity is observed in mating types of the fungus Oucor mucedo with respect to the production of 4-hydroxy methltrisporates (plus mating type) and trisporins (minus mating type), and in the conversion of these metabolites to trisporic acids by the mating partner. These compounds induce zygophores on the opposite mating type only. PMID- 1115562 TI - Microbial assimilation of hydrocarbons. II. Intracytoplasmic membrane induction in Acinetobacter sp. AB - 1. The induction of intracytoplasmic membranes was demonstrated to occur in Acinetobacter sp. when grown on hexadecane, heptadecane, and hexadec-1-ene. 2. Evidence for a physical relationship between the cytoplasmic hydrocarbon "pools" and the intracytoplasmic membranes is presented. 3. The specificity of cytoplasmic pooling of hydrocarbons and the induction of intracytoplasmic membranes was investigated in relationship to hydrocarbon oxidation. 4. These results suggests that both processes are required for the growth of Acinetobacter sp. on hydrocarbons. PMID- 1115563 TI - Molybdenum and iron as functional consitituents of the enzymes of the nitrate reducing system of Azotobacter chroococcum. AB - The roles of molybdenum and iron in the enzymes of the assimilatory nitrate reducing system from Azotobacter chroococcum have been investigated. 1. By adding 99 Mo-molybdate to a cell culture of A. chrocococcum with nitrate as the nitrogen source, it has been possible to incroporate the radioactive metal into a purified preparation of the enzyme nitrate reductase. 2. When 185 W-tungstate was supplied to a culture medium lacking added molybdate, a 185 W-labelled nitrate reductase preparation with negligible activity could be obtained. This in vivo incorporation of tungsten was competitively hindered by molybdenum. 3. The cellular level of nitrite reductase activity gradually increased in response to the addition of increasing amounts of iron to the culture medium. Under the same conditions, of the level of nitrate reductase activity was not affected. PMID- 1115564 TI - "El duende" and other incubi. Suggestive interactions between culture, the devil, and the brain. AB - The belief in persecution or possession by evil sprits is still popular in Latin American countries. Observations were made on 12 Columbian families who were haunted by 'el duende' (a special kind of imp, goblin, or poltergeist) and other spirits. Interviews elicited a detailed account of events, a demographic and socioeconomic description ofthe families, exploration of the psyhosocial antecedents, and a psychiatric evaluation of individual members of the group regared as key persons. Possible psychodynamic mechanisms are involved in the production of the phenomenon and factors in the successful 'therapeutic'interventions of spiritualist rather than psychiatric or religious healers. The interaction of culture , folk belief, and the brain impaired by lesion or faulty learning appears as the important accountable dimension. PMID- 1115565 TI - Observations on a sidewalk ashram. AB - Meetings between an American guru and his followers were observed and 14 of the devotees were interviewed. Virtually all gave histories of chronic unhappiness and unsatisfactory parental relations. On involvement with the guru and a new 'family,' the experienced increased well-being and periods of bliss, and their acceptance of mystic Hindu beliefs was solidified. Factors relating to the devotees' psychological 'lift' are delineated, including ways that the bond to the leader possibly aided them in dealing with inner conflict. Earlier experiences with psychedelic drugs appeared to have influenced many of the subjects to Hinduism and the guru. It is postulated that a psychological characteristic of the devotees is a strong underlying wish for union with a powerful object,and that this bore on their susceptibility to the influence of certain regressive psychedelic experiences. PMID- 1115566 TI - Sociopathy as a human process. A viewpoint. AB - Case histories of narcotic addicts who also were imprisoned for felony were selected to illustrate some underlying dynamics of Cleckley's so-called psychopath and some principles useful in their management. Often in outpatient settings, such individuals seem to be without anxiety, unable to experience depression, and without motivation for recovery; but in inpatient settings, such deficits appear illusory. Once such chronically sociopathic individuals are prevented from 'running' their resemblance to individuals with severe but thoroughly 'human' and comprehensible personality disorders becomes evident. In treatment, external controls are important. It is vital both to appreciate the contagion of the psychopath's invisible anxiety and to provide such individuals with alternative defenses with which to mitagate their depression. Finally sociopaths must be realistically, but not puntively, confronted with consequences of their behavior. PMID- 1115567 TI - Facilitation of somatosensory average-evoked potentials in hysterical anesthesia and pain. AB - Psychophysiological inhibition theories of hysterical anesthesia were not supported in a study of habituation of scalp somatosensory average-evoked responses. Facilitation, rather than habituation, was found in responses contralaterial to the affected side with strong tactile stimuli in patients with hysterical heminesthesia or hemihypoesthesia, regional pain, and weakness. We suggest that the increase in response amplitude is related to the unusual congnitive set in these patients. Corticufugal influences on tactile sensory input might be mediated through increasing-excitation in a spinal-gating system. PMID- 1115568 TI - Changes in attitude toward methadone. AB - Staff and client attitudes toward heroin users and toward maintenance and abstient clients were assessed in 1970 and again in 1973. On each occasion there was striking agreement between the ratings made by staff and client groups. Abstinent clients were rated by all groups as significantly more effective and more responsible than either maintance clients or heroin users; maintenance clients were rated as more conservative, self-conscious, and self-effacing than were the other groups. While heroin users and abstinent clients were characterized similarly in the two rating periods, raters in the 1973 survey viewed methadone hydrochloride clients as more passive and less inclined to undertake adult responsibilities than was true of raters in the 1970 survey. PMID- 1115569 TI - Controlling the abuse of illicit methadone in Washington, DC. AB - Methadone hydrochloride has been found to be medically safe when administered in the setting of a well-organized heroin addition treatment program. The abuse of illicit methadone, outside the therapeutic setting, has aroused considerable controversy, particularly with regard to the public health hazards of primary methadone addiction, overdose, abuse, and childhood poisoning. We attempted to document the nature and extent of these negative aspects of the diversion of methadone into the illicit drug market, using data collected between 1969 and 1974 in the District of Columbia. The data illustrate the severe problems created by the widespread availability of illicit methadone, and document that, with the appropriate controls, the large-scale use of methadone in addiction treatment is feasible with minimum risk of methadone addiction and overdose in the community. PMID- 1115570 TI - Drinking amid abundant illicit drugs. The Vietnam case. AB - We studied drinking patterns and problems of 451 US Army enlisted men after their return from Vietnam. Before Vietnam, nearly half were regular drinkers and one quarter had drinking problems. Problem drinking declined in Vietnam as opiate use rose sharply; half had tried opiates and 20% were opiate dependent. After Vietnam, opiate use decreased (now less than 2% opiate dependent) and problem drinking again became ascendant. At time of interview, 17% had drunk in an alcoholic pattern at some period in their lives and another 41% had had problems from drinking. The younger men were more likely to have had problems. Alcholism predictors included:becoming intoxicated at an early age; dropping out of school; truancy and expulsion from school; and having a father with a history of alcoholism or arrests. PMID- 1115571 TI - Physiological and psychological effects of methadone in man. AB - Methadone hydrochloride-maintenance outpatients were compared to abstinent exaddicts on physiological and psychological measures, and to normal subjects on physiological measures. The battery of psychological tests measure cognitive abilities and mental state. Methadone depressed respiration rate below other groups; abstinent subjects had higher heart rates than methadone or control subjects. No other physiological differences appeared. Electroencephalographic spectral analysis disclosed that the location of the alpha peak was at the lowest frequency in the methadone group, next lowest being the abstinent group. Discriminant functions based on a weighted combination of variables (frequencies) successfully distinguished the EEGs of the three groups. Both discriminant analysis and multiple regression analysis indicated that EEG changes were dose dependent. Methadone subjects performed significantly poorer on several tests of learning and immediate recall compared to absitinent subjects. PMID- 1115572 TI - Personal violence in infantry combat. AB - Thirty-one soldiers who had killed while in combat and who had subsequent psychiatric examinations were asked about acts of 'personal violence' in Vietna m (acts against persons at close range judged to be unnecessary from a military point of view.) Fourteen reported engagement in personal violence, while nine others reported witnessing such behavior. In this group, all who reported participation in personal violence had volunteered to serve in Vietnam. Significantly more participants reported killing four or more persons in Vietnam than did nonparticipants, and the participants more frequently had a history of arrest prior to military service. As a group, participants could be distinguished from nonparticipants by the average number of positive items present in each of several groupings of precombat variables. Personal violence in combat results from an interaction of individual, group, and situational factors. PMID- 1115573 TI - Suicide attempts and recent life events. A controlled comparison. AB - Life events experienced in the six months before a suicide attempt were compared with events for two matched control groups. Suicide attempters reported four times as many events as were reported by subjects from the general population and 11/2 times as many as were reported by depressed patients prior to depressive onset. A substantial peaking of events occurred in the month before the attempt. The excess over general population controls spanned most types of event. That over depressive onset was more selective, and it involved events with threatening implications, including undesirable events, those rated as stressful, and those outside the respondent's control. Unlike depression, suicide attempts were preceded equally by entrances and exits in the social field. Overall, the findings indicate a strong and immediate relationship between suicide attempts and life events. PMID- 1115574 TI - Genetic determinant of lithium ion metabolism. II. An in vivo study of lithium ion distribution across erythrocyte membranes. AB - A study was conducted to determine if membrane factors, known to influence the distribution of sodium ion (Na) and potassium ion (K), also influence lithium ion distribution. Two groups of sheep with genetically determined differences in their cation concentrations were administered lithium chloride for ten days. The low red blood cell (RBC) potassium ion sheep (LK) had a greater RBC lithium ion concentration than the high RBC potassium ion sheep (HK). In vitro incubation of erythrocytes with lithium chloride also produced substantially different RBC lithium ion: plasma lithium ion ratios similar to those seen in the vivo study. Distribution of lithium ion was generally similar to that of Na ion. It seems that lithium ion distribution may be controlled by the same genetic factors that regulate Na ion distribution. PMID- 1115575 TI - Diagnostic criteria and five-year outcome in schizophrenia. A report from the International Pilot Study of schizophrenia. AB - Systematic psychiatric assessment was undertaken on 131 patients (the American cohort of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia). Nine areas of outcome functioning were assessed five years later at follow-up evaluation on 63% of these patients. An analysis of 66 clinical and demographic variables established that the patients sucessfully followed-up were representatives of the entire cohort. Diagnostic data from initial evaluations and follow-up outcome assessment were used to examine the relationship between diagnostic criteria and outcome in schizophrenia. Applying the criteria for schizophrenic diagnosis defined by Langfeldt, by Schneider, and Carpenter et al failed to define a poor outcome group. No difference in outcome was found when traditional schizophrenic subtypes were contrasted. Overall outcome in 61 patients with conditions diagnosed as schizophrenic was heterogeneous. However, despite overlap, the mean outcome in the schizophrenic cohort was poorer than in the 19 nonschizophrenic patients. PMID- 1115576 TI - The assessment of social adjustment. A review of techniques. AB - Interest in the community adjustment of psychiatric patients has led to the development of rating techniques for its evaluation. Selection of an appropriate scale for the task should include a review of its item content, anchor points, coverage, method of obtaining information, informant, psychometric properties, precision, cost, scoring, and instructional material. While no scale is without limitations, this report describes 15 currently available scales that meet many of the important criteria for assessing social adjustment and are sufficiently developed to be useful in evaluative research. This review also contains a list of pertinent references to the scales and guide to the literature on behavioral rating scales. PMID- 1115577 TI - Physostigmine. Its use in acute anticholinergic syndrome with antidepressant and antiparkinson drugs. AB - We reviewed the use of physostigmine in the diagnosis and management of acute toxic psychosis due to drugs with anticholinergic properties. The syndrome of agitation and toxic confusional psychosis associated with peripheral signs of cholinergic blockade is produced by several plant toxins, antispasmodics, ophthalmic preparations, and certain proprietary sedatives, as well as antiparkinson medications, antidepressants, and some antipsychotic drugs. Physostigmine, uniquely among the available reversible anticholinesterase agents, can pass the blood-brain barrier to exert central as well as peripheral cholinomimetic actions to reverse this syndrome. Psychiatrists should make more use of this safe, specific, rapid, and effective treatment for anticholinergic drug toxicity, and should particularly be alert to reversible anticholinergic brain syndromes associated with antidepressants and antiparkinson medications, and even with antipsychotic medications. PMID- 1115578 TI - Minimal brain dysfunction, stimulant drugs, and autonomic nervous system activity. AB - Autonomic base levels and responsivity to stimuli were investigated in normal and minimally brain dysfunctioned (MBD) children. Continuous recordings of skin conductance, heart rate, skin temperature, and respiration rate were made during rest, at presentation of tones, and when performing a reaction time task. No significant differences in base levels were obtained between normal and MBD children when not taking drugs, but stimulant medication increased skin conductance and heart rate and decreased skin temperature and reaction time. The MBD children were less reactive, autonomically, to all types of stimuli. Stimulant drugs decreased electrodermal responsivity, which was predictable from concurrent changes in base line skin conductance and skintemperature. The MBD performance deficits are not related to lower autonomic responsivity or lower absolute base levels of arousal, but MBD children may perform better at relatively high autonomic base levels. PMID- 1115579 TI - Six years of the International Union of Immunological Societies report (Brighton, 1974) presidential. PMID- 1115580 TI - Indomethacin as inhibitor of hyaluronidase. PMID- 1115581 TI - Study on the effect of serotonin on the contractile activity of pregnant and puerperal uterus of guinea pig and rabbit. PMID- 1115582 TI - Influence of industrial toxic compounds on pregnancy. I. Pregnant guinea pigs exposed to the epoxide resin Epidian 5. PMID- 1115584 TI - Cardiovascular patients and sexual dysfunction. PMID- 1115583 TI - Occurrence of antibodies precipitating human serum antigens in children in the course of infectious diseases. PMID- 1115585 TI - Spinal cord injury patients and sexual dysfunction. PMID- 1115586 TI - Amputees and sexual dysfunction. PMID- 1115587 TI - Sexual attitude reassessment workshops: effect on spinal cord injured adults, their partners and rehabilitation professionals. AB - Five workshops, focused on the sexuality of adults with acquired spinal cord injuries, were offered for rehabilitation professionals and spinal cord injures adults between December 1971 and October 1972 by the University of Minnesota's Program in Human Sexuality and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The fifth workshop was jointly sponsored with the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) and included an optional third day on sexual counseling. The objectives of the workshops were to assist the professional to be more helpful with others and the disabled to be more helpful to themselves. These objectives were accomplished by demythologizing sexual behavior, desensationalizing sexual stimuli and aiding the disabled person and professional to come to an understanding and acceptance of the sexuality of themselves as well as others. Preworkshop, immediately postworkshop and follow-up questionnaires evaluated the effects of the seminars upon all participants: disabled, able-bodied, professional and nonprofessional. Of the 76 who returned anonymous questionnaires mailed to the 95 spinal cord injured adults and their partners, 96.0 per cent reported that they were gland they attended, 82.8 per cent stated that they were personally benefited and 90.8 per cent reported that they would recommend the program to others like themselves. Of the 168 signed evaluations, 119 were returned by the professional group. Of 112 indicating that they or their institutions were currently involved in providing sexual counseling and education to the physically disabled, 97.3 per cent reported that the University of Minnesota workshop had given ideas, impetus or form to the current effort. Sexual attitudes and attitude changes in the AAPM&R-sponsered workshop were similar to those measured in participants in other workshops involving medical and seminary students and community members. Further workshops have been planned based upon these results. PMID- 1115588 TI - Sexual functioning in women with spinal cord injury. AB - The literature on women with spinal cord injury deals primarily with the factors of hormonal function, fertility and delivery. Unfortunately, information is limited concerning issues which are relevant to the total sexual functioning of these women. Little is known about potential hazards of contraceptives, the incidence of gynecological problems, the reactivity of vagina and external genitalia during sexual excitement, the nature of orgasmic experience, factors leading to orgasm and responsivity of nongenital erogenous zones. Sociocultural restrictions on vomen's sexual responsivity and willingness to discuss such issues are considered along with areas for future research, The authors emphasize the need to consider the totality of sexual functioning in future research and the need for women professionals to join research teams on this topic. PMID- 1115589 TI - Negative pressures during swing phase in below-knee prostheses with rubber sleeve suspension. AB - Negative pressures in the small space between the distal stump and the below-knee prosthetic socket were measured during swing phase for a series of nine subjects. A molded rubber sleeve connecting the prosthesis and the thigh was found to enhance this effect so that suction suspension occurred during the entire swing phase. Deterioration of the suction occurred when the sleeve was intentionally pierced, and when other suspensions such as a suprapatellar cuff or thigh band were tested. The findings indicate that the total-contact socket, gel liner and elastic sleeve combine to create suction in the below-knee socket which improves overall comfort and function for the patient in using the prosthesis. PMID- 1115590 TI - Pneumatic orthosis PILOT STUDY;. AB - The pneumatic orthosis is potentially a substitute or replacement for conventional long-ler and under outer clothing. Pneumatic tubes are incorporated into the orthosis and may be inflated at will by the patient. In a preliminary test it was found to be lighter, more comfortable and cosmetically more acceptable than conventional braces. This paper presents the results of the first pilot study of the orthosis in the United States, conducted by the New York Medical College--Bird S. Coler Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, using 11 patients with different levels of cord transection. The orthosis was tested for its effect in the following areas: pulmonary function, blood chemistries to determine calcuyn function and phosphorus metabolic retention or loss; spasticity; urinary tract studies; skin; systemic blood pressure and pulse; physical comfort; and effect of temperature and humidity on patient. Wearing time was increased daily until a patient tolerated a minimum of one hour of inflation and six to eight hours of deflation comfortably without negative results. All the patients tested tolerated daily use of the pneumatic orthosis up to six to eight hours with no harmful effect on the skin. It did not interfere with healing of existing decubiti. Use of the pneumatic orthosis prevented postural hypotension in all tested cases, facilitated urinary outflow, increased vital capacity and reduced spasms related to postural changes. PMID- 1115591 TI - Vocational potential assessment. AB - Determination of employment potential will become increasingly important in the foreseeable future, largely due to pending Federal legislation which relates to welfare reform. The heretofore "permanently and totally disabled versus able bodied" principle in welfare reforms is being abbandoned. Pending legislative proposals dealing with welfare reform provide for considering physically impaired persons as partially disabled and partially employable simultaneously. Thus, the need to systematically and effectively assess physically impaired citizens' capacities to participate in the job market will increase. Unquestionably, rehabilitation medicine in general, and the emerging art and science of vocational evaluation in particular, will contribute much to supplying these services. While it is widely acknowledged that the vocational potential of physically impaired persons should be evaluated in an organized manner, there are differences of opinion among professional evaluators as to which approach, or approaches, are the most meritorious; The four principal approaches are: (1) mental testing, (2) work sampling, (3) situational analysis, and (4) job tryouts. Each of these approaches is explained, contrasted, and evaluated in this paper. PMID- 1115592 TI - Floatation pad therapy for decubitus ulcers. PMID- 1115593 TI - Letter: Radial nerve. PMID- 1115594 TI - Carcinoid tumor metastatic to neck. AB - A 50-year old woman was admitted with a mass in the anterior triangle of the neck. Because of interpretation of a needle biopsy specimen as undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, a radical excision of cervical lymph nodes was performed and the specimen showed metastatic adenocarcinoma suggestive of carcinoid tumor. Four months later the patient developed an abdominal mass that turned out to be large mesenteric lymph nodes involved in carcinoid tumor, the primary lesions being in the terminal ileum. Following resection of all visible tumor, the patient has remained symptomatically and chemically well for 15 months. No previous case of carcinoid tumor metastatic to the neck can be found. PMID- 1115595 TI - Axillary-axillary bovine arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. AB - A preliminary evaluation of bovine carotid artery heterografts as axillary axillary arteriovenous fistulas suggests that this graft may be an easily constructed and easily utilized portal for hemodialysis cannulation. At present, this fistula should be reserved for use when all other commonly employed peripheral sites and methods of constructing arteriovenous fistulas have been exhausted. PMID- 1115596 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of a vein: survival for six years. AB - A 7-year old girl with leiomyosarcoma of the femoral vein is alive without evidence of recurrence six years after radical resection. This is, to our knowledge, the longest survival recorded of a patient with this condition. PMID- 1115597 TI - Sclerosing cervicitis: homologue of sclerosing retroperitonitis and mediastinitis. AB - The first known case of an invasive, sclerosing fibrosis of the deep soft tissue of the neck is presented. The morbidity, clinical course, and, most importantly, pathological identity with sclerosing retroperitonitis and sclerosing mediastinitis led us to consider this lesion as the cervical homologue of these lesions, ie, sclerosing cervicitis. PMID- 1115598 TI - Letter: Fibrous tumor of the breast. PMID- 1115599 TI - Letter: Technique of mediastinoscopy. PMID- 1115600 TI - Letter: Hematologic integrity after intraoperative allotransfusion. PMID- 1115601 TI - Letter: Necrotizing fasciitis complicating dental extraction. PMID- 1115602 TI - Letter: Operative cholangiography. PMID- 1115603 TI - Editorial: Pseudo-obstruction of the common duct in operative cholangiography. PMID- 1115604 TI - Current views of hip fracture. PMID- 1115605 TI - Primary internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. AB - The principles in treatment of femoral neck fractures by primary internal fixation have been reviewed. In the rare, undisplaced stress or fatigue fracture, early internal fixation with threaded pins is recommended. Impacted fractures should be treated by primary internal fixation in patients who do not follow orders and patients whose general condition is poor and would require early weight bearing. Displaced fractures may be treated by primary internal fixation at any age and regardless of the patient's general condition. The following principles are emphasized: early operation, anatomical reduction and slight valgus in some cases, compression and impaction of fragments, and firm immobilization of fragments with a device that has a sliding mechanism and provides lateral cortical fixation. PMID- 1115606 TI - Primary prosthetic replacement for femoral neck fractures. AB - Treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures remains a problem. Routine prosthetic replacement is controversial. Review of 100 patients treated at the Campbell Clinic from 1957 to 1966 suggests that 60% long-term good results can be anticipated at a cost of 5% mortality and 25% morbidity. We believe prosthetic replacement probably should be restricted to (1) those patients admitted for treatment late or those in whom previous internal fixation has failed, (2) elderly patients whose fracture cannot be reduced closed, and (3) patients with special circumstances such as pathologic fractures, seizure disorders, Parkinsonism, and so on. PMID- 1115607 TI - Treatment for fixation complications: Femoral neck fractures. AB - Of 102 hips with femoral neck fracture complications, 75 required major secondary procedures such as total hip replacement, femoral prosthesis, cup arthroplasty, tibial bone grafting, and head and neck resection. The method chosen depended on the specific problem: nonunion, aseptic necrosis, infection, degenerative arthritis, or a failed primary prosthesis. Other factors influencing treatment were the patient's chronological and physiological age, his general health, his life pattern, and the familiarity of the surgeon with the technique and the advantages and disadvantages of the various salvage procedures. PMID- 1115608 TI - Intertrochanteric fractures. The role of complications of fixation. AB - A review was made of 244 intertrochanteric fractures of the hip. The complications of fixation were examined; nail penetration, plate separation, or bending or breaking of the device. Factors associated with fewer such complications were (1) stable (noncomminuted) fractures, (2) nails that can accomodate to varus, (3) placement of the nail tip more than 10 mm from the subchondral cortex of the femoral head, (4) valgus reduction of the fracture, and (5) high osteoporosis grade (denoting less osteoporosis). Neither medial displacement osteotomy nor exact anatomic reduction of unstable fractures improved resuts. In most patients, complications of fixation did not adversely influence the clinical course measured in terms of altered walking capacity, need for secondary surgery, or residual hip pain. PMID- 1115609 TI - Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. AB - Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur comprise only 5% to 7% of hip fractures, but are important because of the difficulty in management. They combine the problem of instability to varus deformation common to comminuted intertrochanteric fractures and the problem of delayed union common to diaphysial fractures of the femur. While the benefits of open reduction and internal fixation in decreasing morbidity and mortality have been well established, formidable operative complications have occurred when this fracture is treated like an intertrochanteric fracture. Improved results have been obtained by utilizing a fixation device that can control the intertrochanteric instability and that has sufficient strength to withstand deforming forces that may be present for up to a year while the fracture is uniting. Bone grafting has been found very useful in shortening the overall period of healing. PMID- 1115610 TI - Noninvasive study of extremity perfusion by potassium 43 scanning. AB - In nine patients with lower extremity symptoms of arterial insufficiency, potassium chloride K 43 was injected intravenously during rest, reactive hyperemia, or exercise. Decreased radioactivity in muscle tissue was observed to correspond with symptoms, physical findings, Doppler ultrasound pressures, and angiographic findings in all six who had the procedure. Studies following surgical endarteractomies in two, a bypass procedure in one, and exploration without attempted reconstruction in one showed good correlation with postoperative symptoms, physical findings, and pressure measurements using Doppler ultrasound in three of four patients. The fourth patient showed no change on the postoperative study despite clinical imporvement. These findings suggest that intravenously administered radioactive potassium provides a noninvasive means for demonstrating the perfused muscle mass of the extremities with delieation of ischemic areas. The risk of arterial puncture is eliminated, and the ability to visualize perfusion patterns during exercise is unique to this method. PMID- 1115611 TI - Axillary hidradenitis. AB - The magnitude of the social, economic, and medical problems confronting patients with chronic suppurative axillary hidradenitis is not generally recognized. Nonoperative treatment is disappointing. Total excision of all apocrine-bearing axillary tissue with primary closure is the treatment of choice. Operative treatment can be safely accomplished even when draining sinuses are present. Twenty-six patients representing 47 operated axillae are presented. PMID- 1115612 TI - Retrograde aortic perfusion by partial cardiopulmonary bypass: effect of mixing on measured arterial oxygen tension. AB - Partial venoarterial bypass with return of oxygenated blood to the femoral artery can produce mixing in the aorta of the blood from the oxygenator and left ventricular sources at flow rates of less than 50% of the total body flow. This was observed in six anesthetized sheep with normal lungs maintained on controlled ventilation on partial cardiopulmonary (venoarterial) bypass. The evidence of mixing increases with the extracorporeal flow rate, reaching the aortic arch in a majority of cases at the higher rates. Management of bypass and the interpretation of its effects depend on definite knowledge of the presence or absence of mixing. Partial bypass will raise the arterial oxygen tension (Pao-2) of the blood continuing to flow through the lungs. This effect is independent of mixing (Pao-2) and may be related either to the addition of oxygen to the blood or to an enhanced pulmonary ventilation-perfusion relationship. PMID- 1115613 TI - Editorial: National Health Service Corps. PMID- 1115614 TI - Antibiotics in surgery. PMID- 1115615 TI - Operative choice and technique following pancreatic injury. AB - During a five-year period, 50 patients were operated on for pancreatic injury. Forty had open trauma and ten closed. Half of each group were treated by drainage alone. Overall mortality was 14%, with all deaths following open injuries due to gunshots. Deaths were more frequent after drainage than after resection. Substantial complications occurred in 70%, with more frequent amd more serious morbidity in drained patients. Sump drainage was associated with less morbidity than Penrose drainage. Guidelines for management of pancreatic trauma are (1) resection of sinistral gland for perforating injuries of the body or tail; (2) drainage of perforations of the pancreatic head when the major duct is intact; (3) resection of duodenum and pancreatic head for devitalizing injury of both structures. PMID- 1115616 TI - Type of compression for reducing venous stasis. A study of lower extremities during inactive recumbency. AB - Determination of the optimal compression to reduce venous stasis was studied in terms of the amount of pressure and manner of application (graded or uniform pressure). Both lower extremities of seven inactive recumbent subjects were tested using transcutaneous Doppler ultrasonic measurement of femoral vein blood flow velocity. Optimal compression was defined as the externally applied pressure that produced the greatest increase in femoral vein flow velocity consistent with safety and the practicality of hospital use of elastic stockings. Optimal compression for elastic stockings to be used by hospitalized patients who spend substantial time in bed should be 18 to 8 mm Hg (ankle to midthigh). At this compression, average femoral vein blood flow velocity is increased to 138.4% of base line. Gradient compression at this level was found to produce a greater femoral vein flow velocity than the same amount of compression distributed uniformly over the lower extremity. PMID- 1115617 TI - Venous atherosclerosis associated with arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis. AB - In two patients, venous loops fashioned into arteriovenous anastomoses for long term hemodialysis developed gross irregularity and narrowing of the lumen. Histological and ultrastructural examination of the affected vein in one patient revealed atherosclerosis similar to that that develops in the anastomosed veins of experimental arteriovenous fistulas in sheep. The second patient, with angiographically similar changes in the venous loop, developed on aneurysm followed by thrombotic occlusion of the arteriovenous fistula. The development of venous atherosclerosis in these patients was analogous to that in the experimental animal, and was attributed to local hemodynamic stresses in the vein associated with the shunt. PMID- 1115618 TI - Routine intraoperative angiography. An essential adjunct in vascular surgery. AB - Intraoperative angiography was performed during a variety of 155 arterial reconstructive procedures including bypass, endarterectomy, embolectomy, thrombectomy, primary reconstruction, and angioplasty. In 27 or 17% of these cases, defects were identified that could be corrected. These included technical errors at the suture line, accumulation of platelet thrombus and atherosclerotic debris, or unrecognized lesions in the runoff. The likelihood of identifying such lesions is greatest in patients undergoing bypass surgery, particularly when the distal anastomosis involves one of the leg arteries. Routine use of intraoperative angiography as an adjunct to vascular surgery is justified and will help to obviate many early graft failures. PMID- 1115619 TI - Lateral knee compartment osseous pseudoligamentous instability. AB - Five occurrences of intra-articular lateral knee compartment osseous pseudoligamentous instability associated with three cases of fractures of the posterior lateral femoral condyle are reported. The instability being located within the knee joint region was termed false in that it was due to fracture instability rather than the usual ligamentous, or true, instability. The main clinical diagnostic guide to this type of instability was a positive manual straight-knee adduction snap-click test that consisted of an initial snap followed in sequence by a click on release of adduction. The positive adduction snap-click test is an adjunct to the roentgenographic recognition of lateral knee compartment osseous pseudoligamentous instability. PMID- 1115620 TI - Canine kidney preservation for 24 to 72 hours. Use of intracellular-like perfusate. AB - For universal application and usefulness, methods of renal preservation need simplification. Recent studies using initial brief perfusion with, and storage in, an intracellular, hyperosmolar type of perfusate have suggested the feasibility of this simple method. In the present study, 49 nephrectomized dogs received 16, 19 and 14 renal autografts preserved for 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, by this simple method. Long-term survivors in the three groups were seven of 16, ten of 19, and seven of 14, with return to normal or near-normal function. This method of preservation offers promise for wide clinical application in the near future. PMID- 1115621 TI - Renal trauma. Treatment by angiographic injection of autologous clot. AB - The safety of treatment of renal hemorrhage from trauma with angiographic injection of autologous clot was investigated in rats by demonstrating the effect of various sizes of clot emboli on renal survivial. A large amount of clot injected into the entire distal part of the renal arterial tree (equivalent to 20 cu cm in the human) was required to produce a 15% infarction. This large safety range is possibly due to the endogenous fibrinolytic capability of normal vascular endothelium. PMID- 1115622 TI - Myocardial perfusion and metabolism at normothermic and hypothermic levels. AB - Changes in intramyocardial carbon dioxide tension (Pco2) and arterial oxygen tension (Po2) were recorded in dogs with a mass spectrometer after temporary occlusion of the aorta and the proximal part of the anterior descending coronary artery at normothermic and hypothermic levels. Patterns of hypoxic and hypercapnic changes and their recovery were favorably modified with moderate hypothermia. Deep levels of hypothermia seemed to enhance this protective effect and progressively slow the myocardial metabolism. Occlusion of the proximal part of the anterior descending coronary artery for 30 minutes had a regional effect similar to the general myocardial changes recorded after aortic clamping, while the posterior myocardial probe showed stable control values. These data support previous studies showing that moderate hypothermia halves the oxygen consumption and doubles the "safe" period of anoxic arrest. PMID- 1115623 TI - Malignant lymphoma of the jejunum in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Surgical treatment. AB - An 8-year-old boy with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome underwent laparotomy and resection of a stage 1E malignant lymphoma of the jejunum. Although preoperative platelet counts were less than 10,000/cu mm, intraoperative bleeding was minimal, and postoperative bleeding from the wound was easily controlled with platelet infusions and local application of epinephrine. Six weeks later, he underwent reoperation for small intestinal obstruction and no residual tumor could be identified. The patient died 4 1/2 months following the initial surgery from an intracerebral hemorrhage. Postmortem examiniation did not reveal residual lymphoma. PMID- 1115625 TI - Letter: A foreign graduate with US training reimmigrates to the United States. PMID- 1115624 TI - Competency test after fundoplication for treatment of reflux esophagitis. AB - A simple competency test has been devised that will establish the adequacy of a Nissen fundoplication at the operating table. Saline, 250 ml, is instilled into the stomach through a nasogastric tube and then the nasogastric tube is withdrawn to above the level of plication. The pylorus is occluded and the stomach compressed. If the cardia is competent, no saline can be aspirated from the esophagus. Ten patients studied immediately after the opening of the abdomen showed regurgitation by this test, whereas no regurgitation could be produced in 30 patients studied immediately after completion of the fundoplication. PMID- 1115626 TI - Letter: Specialization and superspecialization in surgery. PMID- 1115627 TI - Letter: Adynamic ileus of the colon. PMID- 1115628 TI - Editorial: Ultrasound and abdominal abscesses. PMID- 1115629 TI - Editorial: Reconstruction after mastectomy. PMID- 1115630 TI - End-to-side splenorenal shunt for treatment of portal hypertension. AB - Twenty-eight patients with portal hypertension were treated with splenectomy and end-to-side splenorenal shunt. Nineteen had cirrhosis and nine had portal vein thrombosis. Among the patients with cirrhosis, there was one hospital death due to recurrent bleeding in a patient in whom shunt could not be constructed and only splenectomy was done. During the follow-up period, one patient developed encephalopathy and later died of liver failure. There were three additional deaths, one due to an unrelated causes and two due to liver failure. All the remaining patients are well and none has had recurrent bleeding. All the patients with portal vein thrombosis survived the operation and are well. None has had recurrent bleeding. Encouraged by these results, we continue to use end-to-side splenorenal shunt in all patients except small children. PMID- 1115631 TI - Perfusion of ischemic ulcers of the extremity: a prognostic indicator of healing. AB - Forty patients with an ischemic ulcer of the lower extremity had peripheral vascular perfusion studies, performed with intra-arterial injections of aggregated technetium Tc 99m serum albumin microspheres (15mu to 30mu in diameter), in an attempt to develop an objective prognostic criterion for healing. The association between ulcer healing and the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, palpable peripheral pulses, and patent trifurcation vessels on the arteriogram was reviewed and no association was noted. When, however, there was a relative hyperemia of the ulcer bed in comparison to the adjacent tissue of at least 3.5:1, as determined by counting the amount of radioactivity per unit area, 86% of patients went on to heal their ulcers. In those without this degree of hyperemia, only 11% were healed with conservative nonsurgical management. The results have shown that relative hyperemia of the ulcer bed is a clinically useful prognostic indicator in the patient with ischemic ulcer disease. PMID- 1115633 TI - Compensatory hypertrophy of the ileum after gastroduodenojejunal exclusion. AB - One theory of compensatory hypertrophy of the gut suggests that ileal growth after jejunectomy results from exposure of the ileum to villus-enlarging factors emanating from the papilla of Vater. This hypothesis was tested by examination of the ileum after bypass of pancreatobiliary secretions to the colon. Hypertrophy of the ileum occurred after esophagoileostomy and gastroduodenojejunal exclusion, suggesting that adaptive growth of the gut depends on additional factors. There is evidence to support several theories of compensatory hypertrophy. A hypothesis seeking to reconcile the conflicting notions of intraluminal and hormonal stimuli is suggested. PMID- 1115632 TI - Hypophysectomy in metastatic breast cancer. AB - Experience with 50 women undergoing extracranial transethmoidal-sphenoidal hypophysectomy for metastatic breast carcinoma with 12-month follow-up showed an objective remission of metastases after hypophysectomy in 58% of patients. The highest incidence of remission following the operation occurred in those women with only osseous metastases (83%) or with previous remission to both therapeutic oophorectomy and androgen administration (86%). No patient with primary central nervous system metastases, only one of ten with hepatic metastases, and none who had failed to respond to both oophorectomy and exogenous androgen administration experienced remission after hypophysectomy. The operative approach to the pituitary was via a periorbital incision, the posterior ethmoid cells, and the sphenoid sinus. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred in three early patients, and has been successfully avoided in later ones by a fascia lata graft. Diabetes insipidus, seen in 13 patients, and extraocular palsies, seen in two, were transient. PMID- 1115634 TI - Hamartomatous polyp of the esophagus. AB - Hamartomatous polyp of the cervical esophagus in a 60-year-old man was treated by local resection, and the patient did well. The histopathologic findings showed a predominance of cartilaginous tissue, but the specimen also contained glandular structures and adipose tissue. The diagnosis was choristoma or hamartoma. Review of the literature shows this to be the third case reported. PMID- 1115635 TI - Control of arteriovenous fistula of splenic vessels by Fogarty catheter. AB - A large arteriovenous fistula of the splenic vessels was identified by angiography. A splenic-artery-to-splenic-vein fistula developed shortly after a staging procedure for Hodgkin disease. A second surgical procedure failed to adequately control the arteriovenous communication. Intra-arterial obliteration of the fistula was accomplished by use of a Fogarty catheter. PMID- 1115636 TI - Liver failure after jejunoileal shunt. AB - Reports of fatty infiltration of the liver following jejunoileal shunt for obesity and hyperlipemia are frequent. Cases of overt liver failure, in contrast, are rare and poorly documented following the various types of small bowel bypass. Fifteen months after jejunoileal bypass, a 41-year-old nonalcoholic woman whose preshunt liver function was chemically normal was found to have morbidly abnormal liver chemistry values. A biopsy examination demonstrated severe fatty metamorphosis bordering on frank cirrhosis. Reversal of her shunt led to return of her liver chemistry values to normal and reversal of the morphologic changes noted at biopsy examination. Close follow-up of patients subjected to small bowel bypass for obesity or hyperlipemia is mandatory. If liver function abnormalities persist for more than six months, strong consideration should be given to reversal of the shunt. PMID- 1115637 TI - Detection and localization of intra-abdominal abscesses by diagnostic ultrasound. AB - In four patients, intra-abdominal abscesses were identified by ultrasonic technique: a right lower quadrant abscess in Crohn disease, a pyogenic liver abscess, a pelvic abscess following rejection and removal of a transplanted kidney, and a perinephric abscess. In all four the establishment by ultrasound that the mass was filled with fluid was critical in guiding drainage. Diagnostic ultrasound is a safe and effective means for the detection, localization, and characterization of retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or intraparenchymal inflammatory masses. PMID- 1115638 TI - Weaning from mechanical breathing with intermittent mandatory ventilation. AB - Intermittent mandatory ventilation allows a gradual transition from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous breathing. This is accomplished by providing a continuous source of fresh gas from which the patient can breathe as ventilator rates are decreased from 1 to 2 per minute. Monitoring of arterial blood gas tension values documents the safety of further withdrawal of ventilatory support. Many patients are more easily and safely weaned by this method than by conventional techniques. PMID- 1115639 TI - Alimentary tract carcinomas in Nigerian Igbos. PMID- 1115640 TI - The education of a Chinese surgeon. PMID- 1115642 TI - Letter: Postgraduate training in the United States for foreign medical graduates. PMID- 1115641 TI - Letter: Occult hemoptysis: iatrogenic aortobronchial fistula. PMID- 1115643 TI - The non-surgical removal of twelve retained common duct stones with a Dormia Stone basket and reinsertable "T" tube. A case report. PMID- 1115645 TI - Comments about recertification. PMID- 1115644 TI - Metabolic acidosis secondary to acetazolamide therapy a possible hazardous side effect after prolonged use of acetazolamide in geriatric patients. A case report. PMID- 1115646 TI - Breast cancer demonstration project. PMID- 1115647 TI - Cancer of the uterine cervix. PMID- 1115648 TI - Radiotherapy of cancer of the cervix. PMID- 1115649 TI - Hypoglycemia: Clinical implications. Part II: Fasting hypoglycemia. PMID- 1115650 TI - Editorial: Avocation. PMID- 1115651 TI - Arizona State Laboratory. PMID- 1115652 TI - Arizona family planning council--an introduction and invitation. PMID- 1115653 TI - Professions under pressure. PMID- 1115654 TI - Increased platelet aggregability in young patients with stroke. Diagnosis and therapy. AB - Four patients ages 20 to 38 years had repeated cerebrovascular occlusions. Three of the four patients had vascular headaches (classical migraine in two) for some years before their first occlusive event occurred. When first seen at the time of their major cerebrovascular occlusion, all had evidence of plasma hyper coagulability, and two of the women were receiving birth control pills. Many months later, while off the "pill" and on warfarin sodium (Coumadin) therapy, two women and one man continued to have new cerebrovascular symptoms. For the first time, their platelet aggregability was tested to several biological substances known to come in contact with platelets in vivo. At this time, all four patients were found to have platelet hyperaggregability. The three symptomatic patients also had a shortened platelet survival time. Long-term management of these patients with chronic platelet aggregability and chronic plasma hyper coagulability is described. PMID- 1115655 TI - Pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies. Sympathetic neurovascular components. PMID- 1115656 TI - Interaction between dopamine and phospholipids. Studies of the substantia nigra in Parkinson disease patients. AB - Interaction between dopamine and phospholipids was studied in the substantia nigra of ten patients with Parkinson disease and nine control subjects. There were no differences in the total content of phospholipids. However, in parkinsonian patients without previous levodopa treatment, the amount of sphingomyelin was increased and the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine decreased. Levodopa treatment corrected these values to the level of controls, whereas the amount of phosphatidylserine was decreased. It is concluded that changes in phospholipids are reflections of the deficiency of dopamine and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson disease. PMID- 1115657 TI - Schwann cell internuclear distances in developing rat unmyelinated nerve fibers. AB - The interrelation of Schwann cells in developing rat cervical sympathetic trunk was studied by measuring distances between consecutive Schwann cell nuclei in teased unmyelinated nerve fiber bundles (Remak fibers). From 300 to 400 inter nuclear Schwann cell distances (INDs) were measured at ten days and 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after birth. Median INDs increased from 54mum at ten days to reach adult values (90mum to 100mum) at 16 weeks of age. Mean axonal diameters measured in the contralateral cervical sympathetic trunk increased from 0.57mum to 0.69mum during the same period. Developmental changes in median INDs of Schwann cells correlated significantly with age but did not parallel increases in axonal diameter. PMID- 1115658 TI - Herpes simplex encephalitis. Prognosis and long-term follow-up. AB - Electroencephalograms (73) of 11 patients with confirmed herpes simplex encephalitis were recorded. Based on serial recordings it was seen that the repetitive complexes could be recorded at any time of the illness; they were associated with a fatal outcome. The repetitive complexes were absent in all patients who survived. Long-term follow-up of the surviving patients shows spike discharges, which were transitory and not associated with clinical signs in three of them, with a return to normal rhythmic activity. It is proposed that the EEG may be used as a prognostic sign in herpes simplex encephalitis. PMID- 1115659 TI - Transient ischemic attacks due to atherosclerosis. A prospective study of 160 patients. AB - Patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) due to atherosclerosis were studied by aortocranial arteriography. Onset of TIAs was before age 55 in 24% and between 55 and 64 in 47%. Men exceeded women by two to one. Of 160 patients, 77 were treated medically and 82 surgically. Five died in the immediate postoperative period. In the survivors, mortality has been the same in the medically and surgically managed groups. For patients with multiple lesions, surgical reconstruction of the carotid arteries was associated with very high surgical risk. In the medically treated group, anticoagulant therapy reduced the frequency of TIAs, but did not appear to protect patients from stroke. Mortality was 23% at four years, 57% of deaths being attributable to myocardial infarction and 38% to stroke. PMID- 1115660 TI - Levodopa-induced postural hypotension. Treatment with fludrocortisone. AB - Six parkinsonian patients with symptomatic postural hypotension secondary to levodopa therapy were treated with 0.05 to 0.2 mg of fludrocortisone acetate daily for six to ten months. Severe orthostatic light-headedness and frequent syncope had previously been alleviated only be reducing the dosage of levodopa to levels producing less than optimal antiparkinsonian benefits. In all six patients, symptoms were alleviated satisfactorily, and supine and upright blood pressures returned to normal levels during treatment with fludrocortisone acetate. There were no adverse reactions. Fludrocortisone acetate is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of severe and otherwise intractable postural hypotension secondary to therapy with levodopa. PMID- 1115661 TI - The long-term effects of callosal sectioning. Report of a second case. AB - Testing a patient 32 years after callosal sectioning revealed defects in transfer of learning and crossed (mixed modality) matching. This points out that defects may persist long after such surgery and that early reports of negative results of callosal section in patients were probably not correct. PMID- 1115662 TI - Reflex epilepsy evoked by decision making. AB - A patient had seizures while playing chess or cards or when filling out complex forms, doing complex mathematical problems, and during certain parts of the neuropsychological testing. Seizures were myoclonic and accompanied and electroencephalographic dysrhythmia of the atypical spike and wave type. Evoked seizures were not related to visual, tactile, or auditory stimuli or clues. In chess, seizures occurred when he was on the defense and threatened. Simple decision making or physiologic stress did not evoke seizures nor did nonsequential decision making under verbal pressure. Evoking factors were complex decision making in a sequential fashion and with an element of stress or concern regarding the outcome of the decision making. Stimulus was usually nonverbal. Three major factors--decision complexity, sequential factor, and related stress or concern--may have some reciprocal relationships. PMID- 1115663 TI - Sleep attacks--apparent relationship to atlantoaxial dislocation. AB - Sleep attacks, while being characteristic of narcolepsy, have been reported in several metabolic and central nervous system disorders--most of which are refractory to treatment. We have recently treated a 47-year-old man with disabling sleep attacks who was found to have atlantoaxial dislocation. Despite narrowing of the sagittal cervical canal diameter to 12 mm (behind the dens), symptoms of spinal cord compression were mild and intermittent, while signs were absent. Posterior fusion of the C-1 and C-2 vertebrae resulted in relief of symptoms. We suggest that this sleep disorder was a function of impaired efferent control of respiration. PMID- 1115664 TI - Cardiac monitoring and demand pacemaker in Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Life-threatening alterations of respiratory and cardiovascular functions may complicate the course of severe Guillain-Barre syndrome. Cardiac arrest, fore warned by episodes of bradycardia or other arrhythmia, may occur despite adequately assisted respirations. A patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome required tracheostomy and ventilatory assistance. Continuous cardiac monitoring revealed that tracheal aspiration provoked an idioventricular rhythm of 40 beats per minute, which reverted to sinus rhythm after the procedure. To prevent cardiac arrest during the transition from idioventricular to sinus rhythm, a demand pacemaker was inserted into the right ventricle. Set to activate if the rate fell below 65 beats per minute, the pacemaker functioned both during and between tracheal aspiration procedures. Cardiac monitoring in severe cases of Guillain Barre syndrome may detect potentially lethal arrhythmias that may then be avoided by a demand pacemaker. PMID- 1115665 TI - Acute and chronic hyperosmolality. Effects on cerebral amino acids and energy metabolism. AB - Acute and chronic elevations in osmolality were induced in rats and mice. After 48 and 96 hours of hyperosmolality, rat brain glutamine concentration increased to between 210% of control. This increase may account for 20% of the previously postulated idiogenic osmols that enable the brain to resist volume changes. Cerebral metabolic rates were reduced in the brains of mice made acutely and chronically hyperosmotic in spite of normal levels of adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine. PMID- 1115666 TI - Letter: Current practices of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. PMID- 1115667 TI - Letter: Transient benign unilateral pupillary dilation. PMID- 1115668 TI - Letter: Medical treatment of subdural hematomas challenged. PMID- 1115669 TI - Letter: Medical treatment of subdural hematomas challenged. PMID- 1115670 TI - Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. AB - In cases of invasive conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, three cases of deep corneal invasion and two cases of intraocular extension were found. Four cases showed orbital invasion, and one patient died of generalized metastases 18 months after diagnosis. The relatively low-grade nature of these lesions and their potential for local treatment is noted, but it is emphasized that careful clinical examination and close cooperation with the pathologist to ensure adequate evaluation of excised tissue are essential. PMID- 1115671 TI - Corneal contact times of ophthalmic vehicles. Evaluation by microscintigraphy. AB - Lacrimal microscintigraphy, in conjunction with a recently developed computer system, was used to evaluate the corneal contact time of three ophthalmic vehicles in 18 humans. The percentage of a radioactively labeled vehicle remaining over the cornea after 90 seconds was 2.9% plus and minus 2.2% for saline, 4.3% plus and minus 2.4% for polyvinyl alcohol, and 8.8% plus and minus 4.1% for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. PMID- 1115672 TI - Infrared angiography of the cat fundus oculi. AB - Infrared absorption angiograms of the cat fundus were obtained by regional arterial injection of indocyanine green. There was better resolution of the retinal circulation than that obtained by intravenous injection, but in the choroid only choriocapillaris filling was seen. PMID- 1115673 TI - Polymer adsorption at the ocular surface. AB - A new method for measuring ocular adsorption of polymers in solution and their resistance to removal by rinsing has been developed. The adsorptive properties of artificial tear solutions and mucin have been determined. Several solutions display properties similar to mucin and two seem to resist removal by rinsing. PMID- 1115674 TI - Septo-optic dysplasia associated with see-saw nystagmus. AB - Septo-optic dysplasia is a syndrome of midline abnormalities of the central nervous system resulting in absence of the septum pellucidum and dysplasia of the optic chiasm or optic nerves. The characteristic fundus findings of small, dysplastic discs and defects in the nerve fiber layer enable the clinician to predict this syndrome prior to contrast studies. An unsual form of nystagmus, see saw nystagmus, was associated with septo-optic dysplasia in this case report. PMID- 1115675 TI - In vivo photomicrography of the corneal endothelium. AB - A technique and apparatus for observing and photographing the corneal endothelium in vivo at a magnification of approximately times 200 is described. The method is suitable for animal experimentation and for diagnostic observation and clinical research in humans. PMID- 1115676 TI - Glaucoma. PMID- 1115677 TI - Correspondence: Modified lacrimal probe. PMID- 1115678 TI - Marfan-like syndrome with lens involvement. Hyaloideoretinal degeneration with anterior chamber angle, facial, dental, and skeletal anomalies. AB - An autosomal dominant syndrome with Marfan-like features was found in a black pedigree. Eye findings included cataract, lens colobomas, dislocated lenses, myopia, hyaloideoretinal degeneration, and abnormalities of the anterior chamber angles. Facial and dental anomalies included slightly underdeveloped bridge of the nose, protruding maxilla, and dental malocclusions. Selected members of this pedigree showed dolichestenomelia or arachnodactyly or both. Good visual prognosis resulted after (1) cataract or dislocated lens surgery and (2) prophylactic therapy of retinal holes and degeneration. PMID- 1115679 TI - Metaplastic cartilage in nondysplastic kidneys. AB - Four hundred ninety-seven patients representing the 525 total or polar nephrectomies performed at the Children's Memorial Hospital from 1938 to 1973 (excluding 1947), were reviewed retrospectively to determine the incidence and characteristics of renal dysplasia. The 46 specimens with this histologic diagnosis all exhibited typical primitive ducts with 13 being also associated with cartilage formation. In five patients, kidney showed focal chondrous metaplasis of the interstitium in association with chronic inflammation but without primitive ducts. The findings strongly suggest that the renal interstitium occasionally may react to injury by chondrous metaplasia and that, in the absence of primitive, ducts, cartilage in the kidney is not pathognomonic of renal dysplasia. PMID- 1115680 TI - Radiation effects on pig skin. Exposure to different densities of ionization. AB - The effects on pig skin from radiations producing different densities of ionization have been determined. For the qualities of radiation employed, erythema was produced at a dose range from 1,240 to 3,440 rads and ulceration at 1,250 to 5,000 rads. In no instance did a radiation-induced neoplasm develop. In determining dose response, two of the most important physical parameters, associated with time of appearance and extent of lesions, were found to be the size of the area irradiated and the density of ionization of the radiations used. These data, on normal tissue tolerance, should be a value in future programs initiated in experimental radiation therapy of both animal and human neoplasia utilizing protons, alpha particles, and carbon ions. PMID- 1115681 TI - The liver in GM1 gangliosidosis types 1 and 2. A light and electron microscopical study. AB - The livers from two cases of GM1 gangliosidosis types 1 and 2 were examined by histochemistry, light and electron microscopy. Type 1 GM1 gangliosidosis is characterized by large amounts of a water soluble substance in the hepatocytes, presumed to be keratan sulfate-like mucopolysaccharide, with similar material and probably a ganglioside in the Kupffer cells. In type 2 GM1 gangliosidosis, there is minimal storage of water soluble material and abundant presumed ganglioside in the Kupffer cells. The histochemical and ultrastructural features support the chemical findings and indicate a quantitative and morphologic difference in storage between the two types. These morphologic differences may provide an additional diagnostic parameter in the delineation of the two clinical variants. PMID- 1115682 TI - Distribution of coronary arterial flow in acute myocardial ischemia. AB - Thioflavin S (TS), a fluorescent dye, was used to visualize the distribution of coronary flow within the area of ischemia produced by circumflex artery occlusions. In the ischemic region, TS failed to penetrate the subendocardium and was seen in the subepicardium. Even though collateral flow was noted in the subepicardium, studies with methylene blue showed that it was inadequate to prevent the development of ischemia. The proportion of the posterior papillary muscle and subjacent myocardium showing TS nonfluorescence was similar after 15 and 60 minutes of ischemia and correlated with maximum lead II ST segment elevation and the percent of grossly injured myocardium found at 60 minutes postocclusion. The results suggest that flow to ischemic myocardium is reduced to the greatest extent in the subendocardium, ie, the site where irreversible injury first appears. PMID- 1115683 TI - Fatal infectious mononucleosis. Association with liver necrosis and herpes-like virus particles. AB - A 20-year-old woman died of infectious mononucleosis associated with extensive hepatic necrosis with herpes-type inclusions within nuclei of remaining liver cells. Electron microscopical examination of these liver cells showed intranuclear and occasional intracytoplasmic herpes-like virus. This case supports the concept that a herpes-like virus, or a structurally closely related agent, is the etiological agent of infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 1115684 TI - Comparative toxicity of cadmium-metallothionein and cadmium chloride on mouse kidney. AB - Cadmium-induced metallothionein may have a paradoxical role in the pathogenesis of cadmium toxicity. Mice are protected from cadmium-induced testicular necrosis by metallothionein, but in this experiment it was shown that cadmium metallothionein complex injected into mice results in higher cadmium levels in renal cortex and more severe renal tubular cell injury than a comparable dose of cadmium chloride administered by the same route. Also, an injection of 1.1 mg/kg of body weight or more of cadmium bound to metallothionein was fatal to male CGA mice within seven days whereas five times this dose of cadmium administered as cadmium chloride was needed to produce a similar effect. A reason for the difference in renal effects of these two forms of cadmium has not been determined but may be related to differences in absorption or transport by renal tubular lining cells. PMID- 1115685 TI - Malacoplakia in childhood. Case report with ultrastructural observations and review of the literature. AB - Malacoplakia involving the adrenal gland and colon was found in a 6-week-old infant. To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of adrenal involvement and it occurred in the youngest patient described to have malacoplakia. The adrenal gland was the site of a previous hemorrhage. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of the malacoplakia cells contained numerous granular inclusions within which were tetrad-shaped particles resembling ferritin. A thorough search failed to show the presence of any bacteria. Several recent papers have suggested that malacoplakia represents a morphologic manifestation of altered host macrophage response and that Gram-negative enteric bacilli are the usual specific etiologic agents. The pathologic findings in the present case raise the possibility that the lesion in this instance represents an altered macrophage response to extravasated erythrocytes alone or to erythrocytes and bacteria. PMID- 1115686 TI - Oncocytoma (mitochondrioma) of the parotid gland. An electron microscopical study. AB - Electron microscopical study of an oncocytoma of the parotid gland disclosed the presence of two cell types, typical oncocytes and condensed oncocytes. The typical oncocyte contains abundant mitochondria that were tightly packed almost completely filling the entire cytoplasm. Only small areas were left for the remaining cytoplasmic organelles. The nuclei in these typical onocytes appeared oval or spheroid. Condensed oncocytes were scattered singly or in nests in tumorous tissue. These cells were also replete with mitochondria, but differed, however, in that many mitochondria showed evidence of degeneration and fusion. Nuclei of these cells were irregular, dense, and contained inclusions and glycogen granules. The relationship of nuclear envelopes to mitochondria and other cellular components has been described previously, but to our knowledge, this represents an original finding in the case of an oncocytoma. PMID- 1115687 TI - Lymphoid "hypophysitis" with end organ insufficiency. AB - A clinically hypothyroid patient had bi-lateral adrenal cortical atrophy and an extraordinary lesion of the pituitary gland. The parenchyma of the adenohypophysis was extensively replaced by a predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate with formation of nodules, many of which had pale germinal centers. There were areas of hyalinization with interstitial fibrosis and mildcapsular thickening. A similar lesion of the adenohypophysis has been reported previously, but without the evidence of adenohypophyseal insufficiency present in this case. It is speculated that this lesion may be related to cell-mediated autoimmunity and other organ-specific autoimmune disorders. PMID- 1115688 TI - Effect of a general aviation trainer on the stress of flight training. AB - Sixteen students were given flight training according to a highly standardized and rigidly controlled 35-h syllabus. Eight of the group (TG) recieved 10 h of their training in a Link GAT-1 ground trainer and 25 h in a Cherokee 140B. the other eight (AG) recieved all of their training in the airplane. The resting heart rate (HR) of group TG was significantly lower when the ground trainer was to be used than was the resting HR of group AG on equivalent lessons. The difference disappeared when group TG was to fly the airpland. In flight, group AG'S HR was significantly higher than group TG's in the ground trainer. Again the difference disappeared when group TG flew the airpland. Physcial work, as indicated by O2 consumption, was greater in the airplane than in the ground trainer. Urine chemistry indicated only a few and inconsistent points of significant differece between the groups. However, pre- and post-flight differences showed highly significant differences for both TG and AG. Objective flight tests administered four times during the syllabus indicated insignigicant differences between TG and AG, likewise, a check pilot who did not know to which group a student belonged could not differentiate between groups TG and AG. It was concluded that 10 h training in the GAT-1 did not compromise the flying skill as judged by the check pilot. PMID- 1115689 TI - Effect of potassium depletion in normal males: an Apollo 15 simulation. AB - In the course of Apollo 15, physiologic abnormalities, manifested by ectopic activity on the ECG and unusual alterations in excerise tolerance, occurred in the crew of the Lunar Excursion Module. These were associated with decreases in total body potassium, measured by 42K, of 10% and 15%. The possibility of inadequate potassium (K plus) intake existed. A simulation study was performed prior to Apollo 16, corresponding in duration to Apollo 15. Subjects endured the same sleep aberrations and caloric expenditure as the Apollo 15 astronauts. Subjects consumed a diet containing only 15 mEq/d of K plus during the entire 12 d of absolute bedrest. ECG was continuously monitored, body fluid compartments and total body K plus were measured at intervals by radionuclide methods, electrolyte balance was determined daily, and excercise and orthostatic tolerances were determined prior to and after bedrest. In spite of decreases in total body K plus measured by 42K of 14.5% and 10.5%, and by potassium balances of 3.3% and 6.5%, respectively, neither of the two subjects developed symptomatic hypokalemia. Minor ECG abnormalities were noted in one subject. Orthostatic and exercise tolerance showed only those changes expected as a result of bedrest. Muscle strength was unaffected. Study implications and reasons for discrepancies between K plus loss measured by balance techniques and 42K are reviewed. PMID- 1115690 TI - Organ fluid changes and electrolyte excretion of rats exposed to high altitude. AB - Electrolyte balances, serum electrolyte concentrations, and fluid changes in the liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and brain of albino rats were studied at Denver (1620 m) and Pike's Peak (4300m), in Colorado. Control animals were subjected to pair feeding and equal transportation stress. Animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h, and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of exposure. There was no significant growth depression after the first 24 h at altitude. The water content of all tissues were increased during the first day of exposure. Liver showed an increased percent dry weight following 1 d, possibly due to an increase in fat content. Serum Na plus concentrations were significantly increased throughout the 12 d of exposure while K plus was decreased. Hematocrit and hemoglobin values were immediately increased at altitude with the RBC count being significantly higher by Day 9. Altitude rats retained more Na plus, K plus, Ca plus plus, and Mg plus plus than controls, with K plus and Ca plus plus showing the highest retention. The data indicated a shift of fluids from the extra- to the intracellular compartment, especially during the first 12 h of exposure. PMID- 1115691 TI - Ultrastructural alterations observed in mouse lung after prolonged He/O2 exposure. AB - Three generations of mice were exposed to an atmosphere of 80% helium and 20% oxygen. The parent generation, born and raised in air until the experiment began, was sacrificed in two groups--one after 160 d and the other after 350 d of exposure. The F1 generation, conceived in air, born and raised in an He/O2 environment, was sacrificed after 160 d. The F2 generation, conceived, born, and raised in the He/O2 atmosphere, was sacrificed also in two groups--one after 85 d and the other after 280 d. Lung tissue from these animals was prepared by conventional methods for ultrastructural study. The most obvious alteration observed was the extensive blebbing, possibly indicative of cellular edema, seen in both the capillary endothlium and the alveolar epithelium. In addition, a highly convoluted basement membrane was observed in many areas. There was debris in some of the alveoli and an increase in platelets in the capillaries. PMID- 1115692 TI - Effects of a multi-hour immersion with intermittent exercise on urinary excretion and tilt table tolerance in athletes and nonathletes. AB - The circulatory and diuretic responses of athletes and non-athletes to 6-h water i-mersion with intermittent swimming exercise (series I) as well as to 8-h inactive immersions (series II) were studied. With simultaneous intermittent exercise, the normally arising diuresis during a water bath was strongly suppressed in athletes and even abolished in nonathletes. In subsequent tilt table tests, 3 of 11 (27.3%) athletes of series I and 3 of 4 (75%) of series II collapsed, whereas all nonathletes tolerated the vertical position without any subjective complaints. By use of the so-called "orthostatic index" (4) the later group, however, was also shown to yield a substantially better orthostatic stability in series I than in series II. The protective effect of intermittent physical activity for simulation of the weightless state can possibly be explained by assuming a less-reduced plasma volume via a diminished urinary excretion. PMID- 1115693 TI - Physiological reactions to wet-cold. AB - Changes in extremity temperatures during general cold stress were investigated. The changes in local temperatures were found equal to those seen under circulatory arrest. In order to investigate the influence of these changes on motor function, the relation between local temperature and nervous conduction velocity in a peripheral motor nerve (n. ulnaris) was carried out in subjects exposed to a minor cold stress (to aboid the influence of Lewis hunting reaction). The decrease in conduction velocity was found to be 15 m/s per 10 degrees C fall in temperature. At a local temperature of 8-10 degrees C a complete nervous block was established. This leads to an explanation of the clinical findings in wet-cold situations, where the very rapid onset of physical impairment corresponds to the effect of a local cooling in the extremities and not, as commonly accepted, to a developing general hypothermia. PMID- 1115694 TI - Optimal use of nitrogen to suppress the high pressure nervous syndrome. AB - Five subjects were compressed to 1000 ft (31 ATA) for 2 h breathing 3.2 ATA nitrogen, 0.5 ATA oxygen, and the remainder helium. The compression took 33 min with a 10-s stage at 50 ft (2.5 ATA), 1 MIN AT 320 FT (10.7 ATA), and 2 min at 700 ft (22 ATA). Hypothetically, this 1:10 ratio for nitrogen-helium partial pressures should induce neither nitrogen narcosis nor the High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS). Tests, therefore, were made during the experiment of postural tremor, spontaneous electroencephalogram, psychomotor and intellectual activities, and subjective sensations. One diver worked underwater for 40 min on a simulated engineering assembly while breathing with a closed-circuit breathing apparatus and wearing a battery-heated suit in water at 56 degrees F. Decompression was in 4 d using 0.8 ATA oxygen and helium. The performance tests indicated no narcosis and little or no signs of HPNS. No tremor or EEG changes were seen. The "wet" diver reported sensations of mild euphoria but the other four reported no difficulties. No nausea or dizziness of HPNS was reported. It is concluded that use of a ratio of 1:10::N2:He is effective in the control of narcosis and HPNS during rapid compression to 1000 ft (31 ATA). PMID- 1115695 TI - Respiration during heat stress. AB - In human subjects at rest changes in heart rate pulmonary ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension were examined at increases in deep body temperature of 1 degrees C and 2 degrees C. Each of these latter target temperatures was achieved at two different rates of temperature increase. The increase in deep body temperature was associated with a rise in heart rate and tidal volume and a reduction in respiratory rate. An increase in pulmonary ventilation associated with a reduction in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension occurred only when deep body temperature increase reached 1.5 degrees C. The apparently greater change in both pulmonary ventilation and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension during the more rapid increase in deep body temperature by 2 degrees C was not significant. PMID- 1115696 TI - Plasma thyroxine changes of the Apollo Crewman. AB - Blood drawn from Apollo crew member; to the mission, at recovery, and postmission was used to examine the effect Apollo mission activities have on tyroid hormone levels. At recovery, statistically significant increases in thyroxine and the free thyroxine index were found. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were decreased. No change of statistical significance was found in the T3 binding percentage, total serum proteins, and albumin. We conclude that apollo activities and environment caused the postmission increase in serum cholesterol may be one result of the increased thyroxine activity. PMID- 1115697 TI - Re-evaluation of a tilt-back seat as a means of increasing acceleration tolerance. AB - Relaxed tolerance was determined on seven subjects exposed to rapid onset (RO; 1 G/s) and gradual onset (GO; 1 G/10 s) acceleration at seat back angles of 13 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 55 degrees, 65 degrees, and 75 degrees from the vertical. There was no significant difference between relaxed tolerance at the control angle of 13 degrees and tolerance at 30 degrees. However, at 45 degrees there was a significant 0.5 G increase in tolerance compared to control. Thereafter, tolerance continued to increase in an exponential manner to 8 G at 75 degrees, an increase over control of 100%. As relaxed tolerance increased with increasing back angle, peak heart rate during acceleration significantly decreased. In addition, four subjects were instrumented with an esophageal balloon for the measurement of intrathoracic pressure, which was equated as work during the M-1 straining maneuver. The amount of thoracic pressure necessary to maintain a preselected visual field declined as the back angle was increased from 13 degrees to 45 degrees to 65 degrees at the same acceleration level. The increase in relaxed tolerance along with the decrease in heart rate and the decrease in esophageal pressure at the greater back angles all demonstrate the acceleration protection provided by the tilt-back seat. PMID- 1115698 TI - Distribution characteristics of methyl-hydrazine in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of monkeys. AB - A Lumped parameter mathmatical model including extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid compartments has been applied to describe methylhydrazine (MMH) distribution kinetics in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of Rhesus monkeys. Ten monkeys average weight 5.5 kg, were given intravenous infusions of MMH while blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were periodically collected and analyzed for MMH. The mathematical model was used to simulate the infusions and the simulations were compared with experimental data to validate the model and to evaluate the mass transfer parameters required by the model. PMID- 1115699 TI - Normal coronary angiography in an aircrewman with serial exercise test changes. AB - A 45-year-old asymptomatic aircrewman is presented who developed an abnormal ST segment response to maximal treadmill testing after normal responses for 3 previous years. Coronary angiography performed after his abnormal stress test reveled no change from a previously normal study. It has been demostrated that serially performing exercise tests can increase the sensitivity of detecting latent coronary artery disease. The importance of the case report is to demonstrate that the change from a normal exercise test to an abnormal one does not absolutely indicate that an individual has a coronary artery disease and that it is mandatory to search for other possible causes. Further studies will be required to determine the significance of such serial changes. PMID- 1115700 TI - Aeromedical aspects of civil aviation accidents. PMID- 1115701 TI - Accident statistics and the human-factor element. AB - The number of fatal accidents involving public transport aircraft has increased significantly in recent years and, because more and more "wide-bodied" aircraft have been coming into service, this has resulted in a rapid increase in the number of fatalities. A combined attack on the problem by all concerned with flight safety is required to improve the situation. The collection and analysis of aircraft accident data can contribute to safety in two ways; by giving an indication of where to concentrate future effort and by showing how successful past efforts have been. An analysis of worldwide accident statistics by phase of flight and causal factor show that the largest percentage of accidents occurs in the approach and landing phase and are caused by "pilot error". Further research is needed to find out why pilots make errors and how such errors can be eliminated. PMID- 1115702 TI - Sudden incapacitation encountered in flight by professional pilots in French civil aviation, 1948-1972. AB - This report concerns 17 incidents of sudden incapacitation of professional airline pilots in flight in the period 1948-1972. The high incidence of cardio vascular accidents is noteworthy: 13 cases of which 11 were due to coronary infarction. There were two cases of unperdictable epileptic fits. None of the above gave rise to an accident. For an accident to occur, several conditions must be fulfilled at the same time: 1) The incapacity must affect the pilot at the controls; (2) The incapacity must be sudden; (3) The incapacity must take place during a critical phase of take-off or final apprach. PMID- 1115703 TI - Review of aviation safety measures which have application to aviation accident prevention. AB - Introduction of certain human-factors techniques has been followed by market reduction in military and airline accident rates. In this study, these safety measures are analyzed to determine the value of their application to general aviation activity. Some techniques are already in use. They are: 1. medical evaluation of iarcrews; 2. aeronautical innovations which tailor the machine to the man; 3. imporvement of precision navigational air traffic control and flight procedures; 4. standardization of flight training and flight procedures. A remaining field of interest, and one which appears to be underused, is that of supervision. After ending his association with the flight instructor, the general aviation pilot is essentially unsupervised. Accident data gathered over several years show that with increases in the proportion of pilots who have not maintained an association with a flight instructor, the general aviation fatal accident rate is increased. Current regulations, which require revalidation of airman's certificates, provide a method by which this association can be maintained. The flight instructor, or some similar aviation professional, can maintain an element of supervision with otherwise independent general aviation pilots. Data from previous years supports the hypothesis that such a program would make a substantial improvement in general aviation safety. PMID- 1115704 TI - Air crash survival: injuries and evacuation toxic hazards. AB - Carbon monoxide and cyanide gas have resulted from inflight or post-crash fires which have pyrolyzed certain cabin interior materials. Three air carrier accidents have been studied in depth from the standpoint of carbon monoxide effects on passengers. Post-crash hydrogen cyanide in victim blood levels has similarly been investigated and certain laboratory synergistic studies of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide have been conducted. The latter investigations indicate that a combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide has a pharmacologic effect which exceeds that of either alone. The effect is that of incapacitation, and certain remedial steps are possible which diminish the production of these substances during post-crash fires. PMID- 1115705 TI - Some highlights of aircraft passenger behavior research. AB - A brief review is offered of the field of aircraft passenger safety research. Probelms associated with passenger behavior, e.g. panic, and passenger safety education studies and requirements are discussed. In addition, a comparison is drawn between commerical and corporate aircraft passenger safty requirements and current research and development programs. It is concluded there is a need for increased funding and more emphasis to be placed on education in the areas of aircraft passenger safty research. PMID- 1115706 TI - Reaction time performance with and without backscatter from intense pulse light. AB - Twenty male graduate students, 22-30 years of age, were asigned by a table of randome numbers to two groups, and visual reaction time performance with and without backscatter was measured. The subjects' task was to observe a 5 cm dial face whose needle deflected 2 mm either left or right of center. Meter deflections were either preceded by 10 light pulse from a Grimes "360 strobe or they were not preceded by light pulses. Two measures of performance were recorded: 1) voice reaction time in milliseconds, and 2) errors. Error rate (3.5%) did not discriminate between groups or conditions. Reaction time was almost twice as long with backscatter than without backscatter (1,556 ms and 854 ms, respectively). This RT increase was highly reliable statistically. Variability of RT performance increased markedly with backscatter. In practical terms, the results suggest that the effects of backscatter could induce a cumulative performace decrement in instrument scanning which might endanger air safety. PMID- 1115707 TI - Telemetric control of heart adaptation during automatic and free-fall parachute jumps. AB - Telmetered heart rate recordings have been ovtaine from 17 parachutists (6 during automatic jumps) 9 Catecholamine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) concentrations have been measured in urine and plasma of six of these subjects. No difference appears between heart rates recorded in the two jumps at egress and at parachute deployment. On the other hand, higher heart rate values are recorded during automatic jumps during descent and at ground impace. The urine catecholamine analysis after jump shows a statistically significant increase in adrenaline and noradrenaline concentration. It is suggested that simulation of the orthosympathetic system is due to two facts; muscular work performed during jumping and the emotional stress which it involves. The importance of these two causes varies with the jump circumstances. PMID- 1115708 TI - Changes in serum proteins, viscosity, and protein-bound carbohydrates during prolonged bedrest. AB - Studies were carried out on eight young males before, during and after 24 or more weeks bedrest. Measurements of serum viscosity, total serum protein, serum electrophoretic components, total serum solids, serum protein-bound carbohydrate, and plasma volume were carried out. A loss of plasma volume occurred early in bedrest which produced an increase in total serum protein level. Despite continuing reduced plasma volume during bedrest, the elevated serum protein level returned toward its pre-bedrest concentration with stabilization of the levels of all electrophoretic components at values very near those present before bedrest. Serum viscosity changes paralleled total serum protein values. Increase in total serum solids was measured and found to be greater than the rise in total serum protein. The excess total serum solid was nondialyzable and had little effect on viscosity. Increase in protein-bound hexose and fucose level were observed during bedrest which persisted during early reambulation. The proportionate fucose increase was greater than hexose despite stability of the gamma globulin fraction with which the majority of serum protein-bound fucose is normally associated, but no change in fucose content of haptoglobin, alpha2-macroglobulin, or alpha1-acid glycoprotein was detected in two subjects on whom sufficient material was present to allow study. PMID- 1115709 TI - Changes in haptoglobin and other plasma proteins of rats during exposure to pure oxygen at 760 torr. AB - Changes in plasma haptoglobin, total protein, hematocrit, and hemoglobin content of blood were studied in rats at various times during a 7-d exposure to oxygen at 760 torr. Plasma haptoglobin and other plasma proteins were fractionated and quantitatively evaluated for a 3-d exposure period. Total protein and haptoglobin were depressed after 7 d of exposure. Significant changes were not noted before this time. With a 3-d exposure, for which plasma proteins were fractionated, fibrinogen showed a considerable increase whereas albumin, gamma globulins, and the beta 1 globulin fraction decreased significantly. Individual variations in albumin and haptoglobin were correlated inversely to the hematocrit. These variations indicate that the altered composition of the plasma protein is due, in part, to a variable loss of the various plasma protein fractions as a result of increased vascular permeability. PMID- 1115710 TI - Characteristics of the electrocardio-gram under physical and emotional stress in man. AB - The changes in the length of interval R-R and in heart rate are widely used for estimation of man's physical state. How-ever, this ECG index has several drawbacks including a relatively low sensitivity and non-specificity, unindirection of changes under different states: attention and fatigue, physical and emotional stress, etc. Moreover, one and the same factor, e.g. emotional stress, can lead both to a decrease and an increase in the heart rate. Hence, it is necessary to find other more adquate ECG parameters, which would enhance the reliability and accuracy of assessment of man's state. The analysis of data found in literature and the results of our preliminary experiments have shown that the amplitude of the t-peak and duration of the R-T interval of ECG can be used as such parameters. PMID- 1115711 TI - Glucose tolerance of lowlanders during prolonged stay at high altitude and among high altitude natives. AB - The fasting blood sugar level and glucose tolerance were investigated in seven amle lowlanders at sea level, during their stay at an altitude of 4,000 m at intervals of 2 weeks, 10, 15, 20, and 24 months and again on return to sea level during the first week and after 1 month. For comparison, the glucose tolerance of six male Ladakhis (natives of high altitude area) was also determined at altitude. The fasting blood sugar among lowlanders increased to 136.0 plus or minus 4.39 mg per 100 ml during 10 months of stay at altitude followed with a gradual decrease to a value of 76.4 plus or minus 3.8 at the end of 24 months. On return to sea level, the blood glucose showed a tendency to increase. Ladakhis had a lower blood sugar level at altitude (86.4 plus or minus 7.28) as compared with lowlanders at sea level (92.6 plus or minus 2.29). The glucose tolerance curves of lowlanders ran paralell to each other at altitude and at sea level. However, the peak of the glucose tolerance curve shifted towards the left during the 20th and 24th months of stay at altitude and at sea level. However, the peak of the glucose tolerance curve shifted towards the left during the 20th and 24th months of stay at altitude and on return to sea level. The tolerance curve of Ladakhis was similar to that of lowlanders at altitude, but showed a sharper blood sugar decline rate. PMID- 1115712 TI - Somatic-evoked brain responses as indicators of adaptation to nitrogen narcosis. AB - Two 2-week experimental pressure chamber exposures to nitrogen-oxygen breathing mixtures afforded an opportunity to study adaptation to nitrogen narcosis. Somatic-evoked brain responses induced by electrical stimulation of the median nerve in the wrist were processed on-line with a signal averager. The N1P2 interval was seen generally to be reduced in amplitude as a result of exposure to increased nitrogen partial pressure. Compressions with air were made from sea level and saturation to 200, 250 and 300 ft of sea water (fsw) equivalent (61, 76, and 91m). The decrement was found to be less, for equivalent exposures, in subjects who had been saturated at the pressure of 90 and 120 fsw (27 and 36 m); we interpret this as evidence of a nonspecific "adaptation." Less adaptation was seen from 30 and 60 fsw (9 and 18 m). These results are consistent with performance tests on the same exposures, and with subjective impressions. Saturation with 3 0r 4 atm of nitrogen may permit somewhat deeper diving without serious narcosis, than is possible from sea level. PMID- 1115713 TI - Determination of body fluid compartments by electrical impedance measurements. AB - ?The ratio of the LF and HF impedances appears to be an excellent and simple tool for investigation of liquid specimens, either of the total human body, taking into consideration global impedances, or of a particular organ, taking into consideration local impedances. We have sketched out in this communication a study of the global impedance ratio variations with age, but a large number of studies still remain to be undertaken in those cases of severe denutrition, as in all cases of metabolic illnesses. We can state that, in most cases, not only does the ratio decrease but that there is extreme difficulty in reestablishing normal values. Whatever action is undertaken, it seems that the intracellular liquid compartment remains insufficient with respect to that of the extracellular liquid compartment. It is as if the water will not enter in the cells or as if it were no longer retained within the cells. Finally, with this concept of impedance ratios of Zlf/Zhf a promising experimental method has been found which will, perhaps, enable better infestigations in a field which has often been left to one side. PMID- 1115714 TI - Investigation of electrical impedance variations of dog brain tissue during experimental metabolic disturbances. AB - Experiments were carried out on dogs using bielectrode probes having as adequate impedancemeter. The probe is introduced via a cranial opening into the grey matter. This gives the following: a low frequency reading which is related to the extra cellular fluid component; a high frequency reading which is related to the total overall liquids; and a proportionality ratio of these liquids in the explored volume. The impedance variations are functions of the nature and intessity of vascular disturbance. Variation of the low frequency impedance (5 kHz) is the most significant. The experimental prodedure consists of: 1) Abrupt and permanent circulatory arrest; 2) Circulatory reduction by haemorrhage followed by recovery (if necessary by means of blood transfusion); 3) Anoxia by CO inhalation, recovery affected by means of O2 inhalation; and 4) Hypoglycemic coma induced by intravenous injection of insulin. The changes in the biochemical state of the cerebral tissue give very large variations of the low frequency impedance. It is these variations which are to constitute the object of this communication. PMID- 1115715 TI - Emesis in monkeys following exposure to ionizing radiation. AB - There were 129 male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) exposed to prompt radiations (neutron/gamma = 0.4 and pulse width = 50 ms) ranging from 700 to 5600 rad (midhead dose). The animals were fasted 18 h preexposure and observed for incidence of vomiting for 2 h postexposure. For doses less than 1000 rads the number of animals that vomited increased directly with dose. Above 1000 rads, the number of animals that vomited decreased with increasing dose. The total number of vomits per dose group followed a nearly identical pattern to the incidence of emesis. In all dose groups, most of the emetic episodes occurred between 20 and 50 min postirradiation. PMID- 1115716 TI - Human amino acid excretion patterns during and following prolonged multistressor tests. AB - As a feasibility study, two men were tested in a series of simulated flights which comprised a factorial experiment. Plysiologic data were collected during a 2-d baseline period, four 36-h experimental periods, and four recovery periods. The experimental conditions were as follows: a) uncomplicated simulated flight, b) flight complicated by extreme environmental dryness, c) flight complicated by mild hypoxia, and d) flight complicated by both dryness and -ypoxia. Throughout each flight the subjects alternately worked 2 h and rested 2 h, performing on psychomotor measuring devices during each work period. Five other men were studied under baseline conditions and during a 48-h simulated flight complicated by hypoxia. Urinary nitrogenous metabolites, including individual amino acids, were examined for sensitivity to the stressor complexes. Certain of the amino acids had high stressor sensitivity, tending to differentiate the effects of the single, double, and triple stressor complexes. They also differentiated the physiologic states in the experimental and recovery periods. PMID- 1115717 TI - Climatologic aspects of obesity and therapeutic semistarvation. AB - Multifactor stress was studied, using obese men subjected to long-term (49 d) semistarvation in either a temperate or a not climate. The study was wide in scope, fiving information on endocrine-metabolic effects of a) uncomplicated obesity, b) ovesity in combination with climatic heat, c) obesity plus semistarvation, and d) ovesity combined with semistarvation plus climatic heat. The test subjects--groups of 12 to 13 obese men--remained on a diet which provided 335-400 kcal/d and contained at least 45 g protein, 14 g carbohydrate, and 11 g fat. Overnight urine specimens collected at 7-d intervals were analyzed for epinephrine, norepinephrine, 17-OHCS, ketones, urea, uric acid, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, sodium, and potassium. There was transitory hyperketonuria which related inversely to environmental thermal levels. Most of the physiologic response patterns in the triple-stressor circumstance (obesity plus climatic heat plus semistarvation) were unlike those in the double-stressor situation (obesity plus semistarvation). Thus, there was evidence of compounding of stressor effects. Evidence of diminished sensitivity to heat appeared when obesity was lessened. PMID- 1115718 TI - Personality aspects of involvement in pilot-error accidents. AB - The consistently high frequency of pilot-error accidents in both military and civilian aviation programs does much to support exploratory research which might help alleviate the problem. Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF), Mehrabian Achievement Scale, and a dynamic decision making task (under risk) were given to 51 Army aviators. Accident files were then examined in order to classify the aviators as to their prior pilot-error accident involvement. Stepwise discriminant analyses revealed that the decision-making task scores and the achievement scores were unrelated to the pilot error accident groupings while the 16 PF scores were able to correctly classify 86% of the aviators as to whether or not they had been previously listed as a cause factor in a military aviation accident. PMID- 1115719 TI - Catecholamine and phagocytic responses in infected mice exposed to hyperbaric helium-oxygen atmospheres. AB - Exposure of mice to exotic gaseous environments (97% helium and 3% oxygen) maintained at 20% cand 8 ATA (100 psig) increased host susceptibility to aerosol infection with klebsiella pneumoniae. The animals became ill earlier than the controls and the respiratory LD50 for the hyperbaric mice was about 50% smaller than for controls under ambient conditions. Furthermore, hyperbaricity induced an acute depression in phagocytic activity and a marked elevation in the circulating levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. PMID- 1115720 TI - EEG criteria for flying fitness applied by the German air force institute of aviation medicine. AB - A re-evaluation of EEGs of more than 1,000 applicants for flying training is presented. All EEG abnormalities were reevaluated by three EEG specialists. Out of 1,630 EEG records, 5.4% were classified as abnormal and, of these, 24 were found to have a bearing on flying qualification. SW-variants and paroxysms were cause for elimination in any case. This study led to the adoption of the following policy: Any subject showing EEG abnormalities, possibly requiring a permanent elimination, will undergo a second EEG by another examiner. In cases with EEG anomalies, a followup EEG is done with a concurrent sensory-motor performance test. This is supplemented by an evaluation of collateral cerebral circulation, using uni-and bilateral compression of the vertebral and carotid arteries. In cases without noticeable performance deficiencies another EEG is done a year later in order to exclude a progression of the EEG anomalies. PMID- 1115721 TI - Drug interactions: How to identify them. AB - Interactions between theraputic agents have been recognized as increasingly important causes of drug at their usual recommended dose may, under certain conditions, produce toxicity of life-endangering proportions. While the recognition of drug toxicity resulting from interactions is of importance to all physciains, it is especially so for the clinician responsible for the welfare of those in the aerospace environment. This paper attempts to provide a basis for the understanding and identifications of important drug interactions. Guidelines are provided to assist the clinician in his logical approach to the identification of drug interactions when serious drug toxicity is encountered in a pateint. Only with knowledge of the interaction can the therapeutic regimen be altered so as to provide therapeutic levels of necessary drugs while avoiding toxicity. PMID- 1115722 TI - Pseudo-internuclear oculomotor ophthalmoplegia secondary to Guillain-Barre polyneuronitis simulating myasthenia gravis in a air transport pilot. AB - A 32-year old experienced co-pilot was grounded because of handicapping and disabling doulbe vision and was off-flight from October, 1969, until January, 1972. He presented with a bilateral external ophthalmoplegia with alternate extreme divergent strabismus, and polyneuronitis. The clinical picture was confused by features resembling either a polyneuronitis of the Guillain-Barre type, (confused by a false positive Tensilon test), myasthenia gravis, or a demyelinizing process. Because the prognosis for return to flight was so contradictory in these respective conditions, a long observative followup time was essential. The pilot recovered completely after 4 months. The long 2 year followup effectively ruled out the entity of myasthenia gravis as well as a progressive demyelinizing disease. The pilot was returned to full flight duties with no handicapping residuals. He has shown no evidence of recurrence to the date of this report (April, 1974). This case was reviewed and presented for its obvious aerospace implications. PMID- 1115723 TI - Prejudice and dietary counseling. AB - Current medical practice requires us to be able to educate and alter an individual's approach to health maintenance. The objective is to prevent illness- not only to treat illness. This approach should result in keeping people out of hospitals and clinics. Diet should be thought of as a noun, not a verb. It is not synonymous with the corrective measures it supposedly sill insure, i.e., correct obesity, reduce hypertension, control blood lipid abnormalities. In keeping with this approach, USAF medical team members should be able to do dietary counseling. This paper will examine each of these topics, emphasizing dietary prejudice at the level of the counselor, the subject and his family, and the USAF medical team. PMID- 1115724 TI - Efficiency of constant-flow oxygen masks for general aviation: a new method of mask evaluation. AB - Three commercially popular oxygen masks for general aviation were tested by measuring arterial blood gases at altitude and alveolar gases at ground level with a respiratory mass spectrometer. At 4,575 m (15,000 ft) and 3.65 1/min oxygen flow, calculated fractional inspired oxygen (F102) averaged 38.1% for the Hudson-type mask; 49.6% for the Scott Sky Mask; and 52.4% for the Scott Duo Seal Mask. At ground level, 1280 m (4,200 ft) 2.6 1/min oxygen flow, F102 calculated from alveolar gases averaged 41.5% plus or minus S.D. 5.3 for the Hudson Mask; 48.0% plus or minus 5.2 for the Scott Sky Mask; and 54.9% plus or minus S.D. 6.2 for the Scott Duo Seal Mask. The asymptomatic hyperventilation observed in all subjects at altitude degraded the performance of all three masks to a sufficient degree to offset the benefits of increased oxygen flow achieved through the regulator at higher altitudes. The respiratory mass spectrometer provides a new technique for analyzing efficiency of oxygen masks and the effect of changes in mask design. PMID- 1115725 TI - Excitability of the cortex in normal and adrenalectomized rats during repeated exposures to high oxygen pressure. AB - The excitability of the cortex in adrenalectomized and normal adult male rats to High Oxygen Pressure (HOP) was studied 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 22 d after bilateral adrenalectomy and implantation of cerebral electrodes. Continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were obtained until the appearance of the first paroxysmal electrical discharges, which was considered to be the first indicator of the toxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen. A statistically significant change in excitability of the cortex to oxygen toxicity from 2 to 22 d following adrenalectomy was shown. Comparison of the sensitivity of the normal and adrenalectomized rats to HOP 2 d after the operation showed significant resistance of adrenalectomized rats at this time. This resistance disappeared gradually, when compared with normal rats, and cortical susceptibility increased significantly 22 d after adrenalectomy. The possible disturbances responsible for the changes in excitability of the cortex to HOP in adrenalectomized rats are discussed. PMID- 1115726 TI - Relationship between saturation exposure pressure and subsequent decompression sickness in mice. AB - Despite the fact that the pressure reduction is acknowledged to be the single most cogent factor in producing decompression sickness, little has been done to define accurately the allowable limits beyond 2 ATA. This study provides some theoretical guidelines for future manned dives related to this problem. There were 324 albino mice used to define the relationship between saturation exposure pressure and the safe abrupt pressure reduction. The results from both the helium oxygen and nitrogen-oxygen exposures support the idea of a linear, depth dependent relationship between the saturation depth and the allowable pressure reduction. Support is presented for the use of a modified decompression ratio P1/P2 (P1 equals saturation pressure and P2 equals pressure following decompression) to account for the observed incidence of decompression sickness. An attempt is made, using the existing human data to relate this empirical relationship to the operational dive setting. PMID- 1115727 TI - Effects of long-term rotation and hypergravity on developing rat femurs. AB - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats derived from a single mating were raised for three generations under constant centrifugation at 1.03 G (Rotation Controls) and at 2 G. When the third generation rats were 3 months old, they were sacrificed, and their femurs removed. After fixation and cleaning, the femurs were then measured for length and diameter. Then right femurs were sectioned longitudinally, left femurs transversely. After staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin, right femurs were examined for ossification patterns and left femurs were measured for cortical thickness. All rotation control rats showed marked stimulation of ossification in the femoral head, and males showed significant cortical thinning when compared to non-rotated earth gravity controls. All 2 G femurs showed decreased length and aspect (L/D) ratios, and increased cortical thickness/diameter ratios when compared to earth controls or rotation controls. Ossification of the femoral head was slightly advanced, while the distal epiphyseal plate was thinned. PMID- 1115728 TI - Effect of nitrogen narcosis on cortical and subcortical evoked responses in the cat. AB - Four cats were chronically implanted with gross, monopolar electrodes in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectum-superior colliculus (P-SC), primary visual cortex (VI), and secondary visual cortex (VII). Following recovery and preliminary testing, the animals were dived in a dry hyperbaric chamber to the sea water equivalent of 103 m (i.e. 340 ft.) where visual evoked responses were recorded. No decrements in the amplitude of the visual evoked response were found at the LGN, but significant decreases did occur at the other three sites. These data suggested: 1) that the effects of nitrogen narcosis on the visual system are primarily central, and not simply peripheral in nature; 2) that these effects are not limited to the visual cortical mantle; and 3) that the narcosis apparently influences structures involving different anatomical levels of the brain which presumably mediate various types of visual processes. The findings were discussed as they relate to current ideas concerning the underlying neurological causes and behavioral effects of nitrogen narcosis. PMID- 1115729 TI - Vertical vibration of seated subjects: effects of posture, vibration level, and frequency. AB - The transmissibility of 12 seated subjects to sinusoidal vertical vibration was measured at 12 frequencies in the range of 7 to 75 Hz. Transmissibility, the ratio of seat vibration to vertical head vibration measured on a bite-bar, was determined at each of six levels of vibration (0.2 to 4.0 m/s2 r.m.s.) in two body postures. The postures were defined by the body positions that maximised and minimised the sensation of vibration at the subjects' heads. Measurements of the fore-and-aft (ax), lateral (ay), and pitch motions of the head were measured on three subgroups. Posture was found to have a very large effect on the vibration of the head with an approximate 6:1 difference in the mean vertical head vibration of the subjects between the two postures in the range 35 to 50 Hz. In both postures the mean transmissibility of the subjects decreased as frequency increased from 7 to 75 Hz and there were statistically significant reductions in transmissibility with increasing levels of vibration. Some results from individuals are presented to illustrate the large differences between subjects. The reactions of the subjects to the vibration are outlined and some implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 1115730 TI - Electrical response of the eye at varying intervals following an adapting flash exposure. AB - Electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded at varying intervals following an adapting flash exposure. Both amplitude and latency variations are exhibited for short interflash intervals. The ERG following the longer interflash intervals are not significantly different from the dark-adapted ERG. The relationship between the electrophysiological and psychophysical data is discussed. PMID- 1115731 TI - Potential crew hazards due to radioactive cloud penetrations. PMID- 1115732 TI - Thermal fields and heat generation effects in tissue, awake and under halothane anesthesia. AB - In order to further document the heat generation terms used in models predicting heat transmission in tissue, a series of temperature fields were generated and measured in cat brain with an implantable cylindrical source and thermocouple apparatus. The experimental technique allowed measurements to be made under fully awake in vivo conditions as well as for 3 to 45% levels of halothane anesthesia. Fields resulting from probe forcing function temperatures of 4 degrees C, 18 degrees C, and 28 degrees C were warmer in the anesthetized tissue indicating an increase in heat generation resulting from blood flow and metabolic heat. Values of the heat generation were obtained by applying the Bio-Heat Equation directly to the experimental data. A simple blood flow heat generation model gave a reasonable prediction of the heat generation in a temperature range lower than 3 to 4 degrees C below the inlet blood temperature, and with a Q10 equals 3 variation of blood flow rate with temperature. Results also indicate that the heat generation effect under halothane anesthesia conditions are such that the use of the apparent property concept in thermal modeling may not be valid. PMID- 1115733 TI - Oxygen cost during exercise in simulated subgravity environments. AB - Oxygen cost (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were determined during treadmill walking in simulated subgravity environments. The long axis of the subject's body was suspended parallel to the floor in a slow rotation room with feet aligned on the surface of a treadmill mounted 90 degrees on the wall. Without rotation, the subjects were virtually weightless against the treadmill; with centrifugation, environments of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 G were simulated. VO2 (open circuit) and HR (ECG) were measured during the 5th minute of walking at 3.2, 4.7 and 6.1 km/h. Similar measurements were also determined during walking at 1/2-G using the inclined plane technique. VO2 per unit mass and HR were significantly reduced in all subgravity environments. However, net VO2 per unit weight carried and, therefore, mechanical efficiency was found to be independent of gravity. This supports the idea that the most probable cause for the decreased O2 cost with reduced gravity is less body weight carried. PMID- 1115734 TI - Comparisons of pilot performance in simulated and actual flight. AB - Five highly experienced professional pilots performed instrument landing system approaches under simulated instrument flight conditions in a Cessna 172 airplane and in a Link-Singer GAT-1 simulator while under the influence of orally administered secobarbital (0, 100, and 200 mg). Tracking performance in two axes and airspeed control were evaluated continuously during each approach. The data from the airplane and simulator were compared. Error and RMS variability were about half as large in the simulator as in the airplane. The observed data were more strongly associated with the drug level in the simulator than in the airplane. Further, the drug-related effects were more consistent in the simulator. Improvement in performance suggestive of learning effects were seen in the simulator, but not in actual flight. It is concluded that the GAT-1 simulator is a useful and sensitive device for studies of the effects of mild stress on pilot performance, but extrapolation of simulator data to the flight environment must be approached with considerable caution. PMID- 1115735 TI - Personality factors in selection and flight proficiency. AB - Personality development is a dynamic process involving life forces, instinct drives, growth processes, life stresses, reactions to significant persons, both in and out of the family, and reactions to the environment in general, along with the mastery of methods and techniques for coping in solving problems and in providing for the satisfaction of one's needs. The love and fear of flying and the motivation and conflicts in flying involve many personality factors which deserve careful evaluation in selection of pilot and other flight personnel. These personality factors, variations, and traits also require close surveillance of pilot personnel by flight surgeons, aviation medical and operational personnel in predicting and preventing potential breakdown or difficulties and, more importantly, in the interest of maintaining optimum personnel effectiveness, proficiency, and safety in aviation. PMID- 1115736 TI - Incident of pain with undetermined etiology in hypobaric chamber operations. AB - On a routine, low-pressure chamber training flight to 25,000 ft (7,620.0 m/282.4 mm Hg), a subject experienced moderate to severe pain in the right hip while descending through an altitude of 9,500 ft (2,895.6 m/532.9 mm Hg). Standard operating procedures for dealing with such reactions were initiated resulting in the diminishing of symptoms as the chamber was reascended to an altitude of 12,000 ft (3,657.6 m/483.4 mm Hg). The symptoms reappeared upon descent through 7,500 ft (2286.0 m/575.6 mm Hg). After three relief attempts, descent was commenced at a rate of 1,000 ft/min (304.8 m/min), and the subject was asymptomatic at sea level. A subsequent reevaluation flight was scheduled for the following day and produced similar results. Medical evaluation produced no data that could be used to determine the etiology of this reaction that took place under hypobaric conditions. PMID- 1115737 TI - Human factors in air force aircraft accidents. AB - Advances have been made in the design and reliability of Air Force aircraft; however, there continues to be materiel failure accidents. The design of man has not changed, although training programs have been improved to reduce accidents caused by human error. This study was conducted to determine the human factors causation of aircraft accidents. A review of 545 aircraft accidents revealed that over 50% were caused by human error. These errors involved supervision, limited experience, and errors in judgment. Since materiel factors in accidents have remained relatively constant, more emphasis must be placed on training and selection of our aircrews and supervisors. PMID- 1115738 TI - Preliminary results of examinations of rats after a 22-day flight aboard the Cosmos-605 biosatellite. AB - The results of biomedical investigations carried out in flights of the Salyut and Skylab orbital stations give evidence that during prolonged weightlessness cosmonauts and astronauts remain in a good physical and mental condition. They fill specialists with optimism in regards to a further increase of the duration of manned space flights. In order to make reliable plans for such missions, it is necessary to accumulate detailed knowledge about the mechanism of the effect of weightlessness on different functions of the human body. In addition to manned experiments, of great interest are animal experiments. They may yield data that cannot be obtained in human studies, which is obviously very important from the point of view of space medicine. This was the purpose of the experiment carried out in November 1973 on the biosatellite Cosmos-605; 45 rats aboard the biosatellite flew for 22 d. Preliminary results of examinations of rats after a 22-d space flight in the Cosmos-605 satellite demonstrated not only physiological and biochemical but also morphological changes in the animal body due to prolonged weightlessness. These changes were reversible. PMID- 1115739 TI - Independence of inherited susceptibility to spontaneous and printed audiogenic seizures in mice. AB - The familial distribution of spontaneous and primed audiogenic seizures is independent in Binghamton HET mice. Spontaneous susceptibility may be attributable to homozygosity for asp (Collins and Fuller). A strong genetic influence on sensitivity to priming is also indicated. PMID- 1115740 TI - [Suitability of mucous membrane smears for the diagnosis of bovine chronic endometritis]. PMID- 1115741 TI - [Effect of various sperma concentrations on the in-vitro fertilization rate of porcine tubal ova]. PMID- 1115742 TI - [Granulomatous lymphadenitis in a horse due to 4th stage larvae of strongylus vulgaris]. PMID- 1115743 TI - [Incidence of diseases and costs for veterinary services in an experimental dairy herd]. PMID- 1115744 TI - [Possible etiology of alopecia in Turkish angora goats]. PMID- 1115745 TI - Long-term maintenance therapy with azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - One hundred ten patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were classified into two groups, patients with central nervous system (CNS) or severe renal disease (usually associated with a poor prognosis) and patients without these manifestations, to define criteria for azathioprine therapy. Fifty-four of 68 patients with a poor prognosis received azathioprine. Azathioprine-treated patients showed improved long-term survival (72% vs 29%, P less than .005) and fewer hospitalizations (0.24/patient-years vs 0.89/patient-years, P less than .001). Azathioprine therapy in 19 of 42 patients with a good prognosis was associated with fewer hospitalizations (.02/patient-years vs .17/patient-years, P less than .05), but no decrease in maintenace prednisone requirement. Progression from a good to a poor prognosis was less frequent (1 of 20 vs 11 of 34, P = less than .05) among azathioprine-treated patients. Toxicity of azathioprine was minimal. Azathioprine therapy is indicated in patients with CNS or severe renal disease, and in patients whose prognosis was good with frequent hospitalizations or a maintenance prednisone requirement greater than 15 mg/day. PMID- 1115746 TI - The arthritis of Sweet's syndrome. AB - A detailed evaluation of the articular manifestations of Sweet's syndrome is described in a 24-year-old man. Fever, mild leukocytosis, tender cutaneous erythematous plaques or nodules with neutrophilic infiltration were accompanied by multiple painful, swollen joints. A knee effusion contained 1,575 leukocytes with many large phagocytic cells. Since it may include significant articular disease, rheumatologists should be aware that this syndrome does exist. PMID- 1115747 TI - Chondrocalcinosis in elderly persons. AB - Fifty-eight elderly people were surveyed for chondrocalcinosis with knee, hip and pelvic roentgenograms using Type M industrial x-ray film. Chondrocalcinosis was found in 16 subjects (27.6%), an incidence greater than reported in previous studies. Roentgenograms of the knees alone showed the presence of chondrocalcinosis in 15 subjects. Varus deformity of the knees, increased wrist complaints and wrist involvement with clinical arthritis were significantly more common in subjects with chondrocalcinosis. Symptoms associated with acute inflammatory arthritis were not more common in people with chondrocalcinosis. PMID- 1115748 TI - Treatment of septic arthritis: comparison of needle aspiration and surgery as initial modes of joint drainage. AB - Surgery and needle aspiraton have been evaluated as initial modes of drainage in 59 patients with acute septic arthritis. Full recovery was noted in 42% treated surgically at the outset. On the other hand, 67% of those treated by needle aspiration recovered without sequelae, despite the greater prevalence in this group of adverse host factor-eg, serious underlying illness, concommitant extraarticular infection, prior arthritis in the infected joint, and recent antibiotic or immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 1115749 TI - Therapeutic studies in NZB/W mice. III. Relationship between renal status and efficacy of immunosuppressive drug therapy. AB - Female NZB/W mice develop a disease closely resembling human systemic lupus and serve as an animal model for therapeutic studies. Several previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of different immunosuppressive drug regimens in the therapy of glomerulonephritis in NZB/W mice. After the onset of immune complex deposition, treatment with intermittent high doses of cyclophosphamide or daily low doses of the combination of cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and methylprednisolone has been effective. The present study was designed to compare such effective regimens in mice early in the course of their renal disease versus mice late in the course of glomerulonephritis. One to three injections of high dose cyclophosphamide during active immune complex deposition and early histologic changes were significantly effective in prolonging survival, whereas treatment late in the course of glomerulonephritis was less effective. Even more striking was the result of low-dose combination therapy. Daily treatment with cyclophosphamide, azathiprine, and methylprednisolone (C + A + M) effectively prolonged survival when started in mice 5 months old, but was of no benefit when started in those 8 months of age. In a concluding experiment, older mice were selected on the basis of degree of renal disease and studied with regard to proteinuria and survival. Those with mild renal disease responded to daily treatment for 6 months with C + A + M at 1 mg/kg of each drug, whereas those with advanced renal disease at the onset of therapy did not benefit. PMID- 1115750 TI - Dipeptidase activity in the small intestinal mucosa during pregnancy and lactation in the rat. AB - 1. Rats were mated and at weekly intervals during pregnancy and lactation, and after weaning, the dipeptidase activity in the supernatant fraction from small intestinal mucosa extracts was determined for two dipeptides: glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase (EC 3.4.3.2) AND L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid dipeptidase. 2. Dipeptidase activity is found mainly in the soluble (spernantant) fraction of the mucosa homogenate. 3. Compared with those values obtained for unmated controls, the food consumption of the animals and the nitrogen content, total and specific activities of the dipeptidases (per unit quantity of N) in the soluble fraction of the small intestinal mucosa extracts increased slightly during pregnancy and markedly during lactation. After the pups were weaned, values for all these measurements fell rapidly. 4. Whether the increases found in enzyme activity were simply a response to increased food intake or were the result of hormonal stimulus is discussed. PMID- 1115751 TI - The effect of pregnancy and lactation on food intake, gastrointestinal anatomy and the absorptive capacity of the small intestine in the albino rat. AB - 1. Food consumption, live weight, anatomical measurements on the gut organs and the absorptive capacity of the small intestine for L-leucine and D(plus)-glucose were made on virgin (control), pregnant and lactating albino rats. 2. Food intake increased by approximately 60% during pregnancy and a further 250% during lactation. 3. Pregnancy did not markedly influence the gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. There was evidence for increased villus height and percentage water in the small intestine and for increased length of the colon during pregnancy. 4. During lactation, the alimentary canal progressively increased in weight and size. It partially regressed following weaning. 5. All anatomical measurements, except the length of the small intestine, completely regressed to control values within 20 d of weaning. The increased intestinal length had not completely regressed by day 30 post-weaning. 6. No significant change was observed in absolute absorption of glucose or leucine during pregnancy. 7. Absolute absorption of leucine and of glucose was increased during lactation. Greatest absorption occurred on the 10th day of lactation. 8. Results for absorption of leucine and glucose per unit length indicated that the ability of the mucosal cells to absorb or the number of absorptive cells/mm had changed during lactation and the post-lactation periods. PMID- 1115752 TI - Seasonal and nutritional effects on serum proteins and urea concentration in the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.). AB - 1. The effects of seasonal conditions and nutrition on serum proteins and serum urea concentrations were studied in female reindeer and reindeer calves in Finland. With the exception of one group in winter, the reindeer were roaming wild in the forests. This one group was kept in captivity, out of doors, on a comparatively high nutritional plane. One group lived wild during the winter in very poor nutritional conditions. 2. A very clear seasonal variation in the serum protein and urea concentration was found. The serum protein concentration was low in late winter and increased rapidly during the summer, being high in the autumn. The serum urea concentration was also low in the winter and high in the summer. In the autumn, however, the serum urea concentration was again low. 3. Changes in the serum protein concentration were normally associated with the serum globulins. Only in the very poor-nutrition group did the albumin content decrease significantly. As a result of the large changes in the concentration of serum globulins, there were also considerable changes in the albumin: globulin ratio. 4. The serum protein concentration was much lower in the reindeer calves than in the adult reindeer. The concentration of globulins in particular was much lower than in the adults. PMID- 1115753 TI - The effect of retinol and retinoic acid on physiological and biochemical changes in retinol-deficient rats. AB - 1. The effects of retinol and retinoic acid supplementation of retinol-deficient rats were studied for a variety of metabolic processes shown to be affected by retinol-deficiency. 2. Retinol-deficient rats were found to have decreased body weight, liver and testes weights, a degeneration of testicular germinal cells, an increased incorporation of labelled choline into liver and testes phospholipids, an increased protein synthetic activity (in vitro) of liver ribosomes, an increased transfer-RNA methyltransferase activity in liver and a decreased activity in testes, an increased DNA content of testicular nuclei, and a decreased uptake of [3-H]thymidine by testicular nuclear DNA. 3. In retinol deficient rats supplemented for 8 weeks with retinol these changes were reversed, measurements returning to control levels. 4. In retinol-deficient rats supplemented for 8 weeks with retinoic acid all changes were reversed except those in the testes. 5. Testicular signs of retinol deficiency appeared to be delayed when retinoic acid was added to the retinol-deficient diet of weanling rats. This suggests a sparing action of retinoic acid on the rat's utilization of retinol. 6. Suggestions are offered as to why retinoic acid will support growth and development but not spermatogenesis in the rat. PMID- 1115754 TI - Jejunal absorption of an amino acid mixture simulating casein and an enzymic hydrolysate of casein prepared for oral administration to normal adults. AB - 1. An intestinal perfusion technique was used in six normal human subjects to study absorption of sixteen individual amino acids from an amino acid mixture simulating casein and from an enzymic hydrolysate of casein, prepared for oral administration to these subjects, which consisted of a mixture of oligopeptides and free amino acids. 2. Total absorption of alpha-amino nitrogen was greater from the casein hydrolysate than from the amino acid mixture, and the considerable variation in percentage absorption of individual amino acids from the amino acid mixture was much reduced when the enzymic hydrolysate solution was perfused, as a number of amino acids which were poorly absorbed from the amino acid mixture were absorbed to a greater extent from the casein hydrolysate. 3. These findings indicate that after extensive intestinal resections or in malabsorption there might be significant nutritional advantages in the administration of protein hydrolysates rather than amino acid mixtures. PMID- 1115755 TI - Maintenance requirements for energy in cross-bred cattle. AB - 1. Twenty-seven energy and protein balances were done using nine cross-bred (Brown Swiss times Sahiwal) mature bullocks in a series of three balance trials. The bullocks were fed 75, 100 and 125 percent of the metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible crude protein standard values recommended by the (US) National Research Council (1966). Heat production was estimated by indirect calorimetry, by collection and analysis of respiratory gases. 2. Utilization of energy for maintenance and fat production was estimated by computing regression of energy balance v. digestible energy (DE) and ME separately on a metabolic body size (kg body-weight (W)0-75) basis. Maintenance energy requirements and efficiency of utilization of ME for lipogenesis were estimated using multiple regression of ME intake, also. Heat production (and thus energy balance) was corrected for excess nitrogen intake. 3. An attempt was made to measure basal heat production of bullocks so that the net energy requirements for maintenance could be estimated. Extrapolation of the regression line of energy balance v. ME intake below maintenance on a W0-75 basis gave a basal metabolism of 348-09 kJ/W0-75 per d. 4. Energy requirements for maintenance were (kJ/kg W0-75 per d): 539-43 DE, 448-81 ME and 348-09 net energy. The results of multiple regression gave a requirement of 432-15 kJ ME/kg W0-75 per d for maintenance. 5. The efficiency of utilization of ME for maintenance was 81-34 percent while for lipogenesis it was 54-5 percent. PMID- 1115756 TI - Anthropometric measurements and amounts of body fat and serum cholesterol in samples of three Nigerian populations. AB - 1. Skinfold thicknesses, arm circumferences, heights, weights and serum cholesterol levels were determined in ninety-one university students, 207 soldiers and 102 out-patients, all male subjects. Some of these measurements were used to determine the amount of body fat, Quetelet's index and mid-arm muscle circumference. 2. Quetelet's indices and body-fat values obtained were similar to previously reported values for lean or moderately built males. 3. Serum cholesterol levels were generally low, with means ranging from 3-98 mmol/l for 18 to 29-year-old students to 5-19 mmol/l for 40- to 69-year-old out-patients. 4. The mean values for triceps skinfold thickness, the amount of body fat and serum cholesterol levels for healthy adults obtained in this study are probably normal for northern Nigerian populations. 5. There was a significant correlation between the amount of body fat and values for triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, Quetelet's index and body-weight for all adults. The correlation between muscle circumference and the amount of body fat was significant for all subjects except adult soldiers. PMID- 1115757 TI - Concentrations of amino acids and urea in the plasma of the preruminant calf and estimation of the amino acid requirements. AB - 1. A study was made of factors affecting the plasma concentrations of free amino acids (PAA) and urea (PU) in calves receiving liquid diets. 2. When calves were given whole milk (approximately 0-05 kg/kg live weight) at 10.00 and 17.00 hours there were marked decreases in PAA and slight decreases in PU for about 3-4 h after the morning feed. Both PAA and PU thereafter increased slightly and then remained constant for the next 10 h. In subsequent comparative experiments samples were taken 3 h after the morning feed. The variation in plasma methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and total PAA was apparently greater between than within animals. 3. In calves transferred from a diet of whole milk to one consisting of diluted whole milk supplemented with appropriate nutrients, including amino acids, but deficient in methionine, PU increased markedly and plasma methionine decreased. 4. Two calves (50-60 kg live weight) given the latter diet supplemented to give an intake of more than 4-5 g L methionine/d together with 0-3 g cystine/d showed marked increases in plasma methionine. This was considered to correspond with the point at which methionine requirements were met and that under these conditions the methionine requirement for these calves (mean value plus or minus SE) was 4-5 plus or minus 0-2 g/d. In the same two calves PU decreased markedly with increasing levels of methionine supplementation up to 3-9 g/d and the estimated methionine requirement (mean value plus or minus SE) was 3-9 plus or minus 0-4 g/d. PMID- 1115758 TI - The effect of pelleting on the voluntary intake and digestibility of leaf and stem fractions of three grasses. AB - 1. Leaf is eaten in greater quantities than stem of similar digestibility. To determine whether this difference is caused by physical or chemical factors, leaf and stem fractions from Digitaria decumbens, Chloris gayana and Setaria splendida were fed ad lib, to sheep in the chopped and pelleted forms. Pellets were made from leaf and stem which had been ground through a screen with 3 mm holes. All sheep received a protein and mineral supplement. 2. Voluntary intake of chopped leaf was 34 percent higher than that of the chopped stem fraction (40-3 and 30-0 g/kg body-weight 0-75 respectively, P smaller than 0.01) although dry matter digestibility ratios were similar (0-478 and 0-450 respectively, P greater than 0 05). The higher intake of leaf was associated with a larger surface area (13 400 and 5200 mm2/g for chopped leaf and stem respectively), lower bulk density (60 and 180 kg/m3 respectively) and lower neutral-detergent fibre (706 and 724 g/kg respectively), acid-detergent fibre (383 and 413 g/kg respectively) and lignin (42 and 59 g/kg respectively) contents. Chopped leaf was retained in the reticulo rumen for a shorter time than the stem fraction (19.9 and 26.4 h respectively). 3. Grinding and pelleting increased the voluntary intake of the leaf fraction by 88 percent and the stem fraction by 60 percent. This increased voluntary intake caused by grinding and pelleting was not accompanied by any significant changes in the chemical composition of the diet. Grinding and pelleting reduced the time that the food was retained in the reticulo-rumen and this change appeared sufficient to account for the observed increases in voluntary intake. 4. It was concluded that the higher intake of the leaf fraction of grasses is caused by differences in retention time of food in the reticulo-rumen. These differences in retention time are caused by differences in physical properties and not chemical composition. PMID- 1115759 TI - The response of hind-limb muscles of the weanling rat to undernutrition and subsequent rehabilitation. AB - 1. Weanling male rats were maintained at constant body-weight for 28 d by feeding them reduced amounts of their normal diet. They were rehabilitated for 0, 3, 7, 10 or 16 d, and compared with two sets of control groups, one set of the same body-weight and the other of the same age. 2. The quadriceps, gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis muscles from the left hind-limb were weighed, and DNA, RNA, extracellular protein and intracellular protein estimated in the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles. 3. Each muscle responded differently during undernutrition and rehabilitation if compared with "age controls", but if compared with "body weight controls" there was a tendency for muscle weight to remain appropriate for body-weight. 4. The amount of DNA did not change in the gastrocnemius or quadriceps muscles during undernutrition, and on rehabilitation did not begin to increase until after 7 d. RNA decreased during undernutrition, but increased rapidly on rehabilitation. The rate of increase in RNA was greatest in the quadriceps during the first 3 d, but in the gastrocnemius was greatest between 3 and 7 d. The peak values for the rate of RNA increase corresponded with the initiation of intracellular protein accretion in each muscle. Extra cellular protein increased during undernutrition, and on rehabilitation, responded in the same way as DNA, that is, it increased only after 7 d. 5. It is concluded that the differences found between muscles of the hind-limb during rehabilitation are due mainly to differences in the rates of DNA and intracellular protein accretion. It is suggested that these differences are the result of a differential response of RNA to rehabilitation. PMID- 1115760 TI - Acute cold exposure and the metabolism of blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate, and plasma amino acids in the hind leg of the fed and fasted young ox. AB - 1. Young steers were fed either 3-4 or 20 h before exposure to a thermoneutral or a moderately cold environment. Measurements were made of total oxygen consumption (total V 0-2), respiratory quotient (rq), blood packed cell volume (PCV), and hind-leg blood flow (leg Q) and oxygen uptake (leg VO-2). The arteriovenous differences in whole blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate, and individual amino acid and urea concentrations across the leg were also measured. Net exchange and fractional uptake of these metabolites by the leg were calculated from these results. 2. Cold exposure doubled total VO-2, significantly decreased RQ and significantly increased PCV. Leg Q and leg VO-2 increased 3- to 5-fold and 4- to 13-fold respectively in both feeding groups. Arterial blood glucose increased slightly but significantly in both 20 h- and 3 h-fed steers. There was a substantial increase in mean net leg uptake of glucose in both feeding groups. This was much greater in the 20 h-fed group because of the significant increase in fractional uptake occurring only in this group. Cold did not significantly affect arterial blood lactate or pyruvate levels, but the net leg output of lactate found in both feeding groups in thermoneutrality was increased in the 20 h-fed steers, and reversed to a net uptake in the 3 h-fed animals. Cold caused a small but significant decrease in the total plasma amino acid level in the 20 h fed but not in the 3 h-fed group; individual amino acid levels or leg uptakes were not affected. 3. Feeding before the experiment caused a significant increase in RQ. Leg Q, leg uptake of glucose and leg output of lactate increased after feeding in the thermoneutral environment only. Arterial pyruvate increased significantly, but net leg output was not significantly affected by feeding. Arterial plasma concentration of several individual, but not of total amino acids, increased significantly in both environments, and the net output of many individual amino acids in the 20 h-fed steers was decreased or reversed to a net uptake in the 3 h-fed group in thermoneutrality only. 4. The results suggest that blood glucose could be a significant fuel for oxidation in shivering skeletal muscle in young steers, and that output of amino acids from skeletal muscle could not contribute significantly to this increased glucose supply by hepatic gluconeogenesis. PMID- 1115761 TI - Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The metabolism of glucose by plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and the effect of dietary energy source on protein utilization in plaice. AB - 1. The effects of dietary energy level and dietary energy source on protein utilization by plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) were examined by giving diets containing 400 g crude protein/kg to nine groups of fish. Five of these diets contained only lipid as a source of energy (in addition to protein) and their energy contents were varied by increasing the lipid level in a step-wise manner from 56 to 176 g/kg. The remaining four diets contained both lipid and carbohydrate (glucose plus dextrin) together as energy sources: two levels of carbohydrate (100 and 200 g/kg) being used at each of two (56 and 86 g/kg) lipid levels. 2. Weight gains of plaice given the diets containing only lipid as an energy source did not differ significantly from each other. Weight gains of plaice given diets containing carbohydrate as well as protein and lipid were superior to those given diets lacking carbohydrate. 3. Values obtained for protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) increased with increasing dietary energy level in both those fish given the diets containing carbohydrate and those given diets lacking it. Both PER and NPU values were greater for plaice given diets containing carbohydrate than for fish diets without carbohydrate even when the total energy content of the diets was approximately the same. 4. Liver glycogen levels were significantly higher in plaice given diets containing 200 g carbohydrate/kg than in plaice given diets without carbohydrate. Blood glucose levels and hepatic hexokinase (EC 2-7-1-1) levels were not significantly different in plaice given these diets. No glucokinase (EC 2-7-2-2) was detected in plaice given either diet. 5. The metabolic fate of glucose carbon in plaice was investigated by injecting the fish intraperitoneally with [U-14C] glucose and examining, 18 h afterwards the distribution of radioactivity in different biochemical fractions from the fish. 6. Glucose was respired much less rapidly in the carnivorous plaice, irrespective of dietary treatment, than in omnivorous mammals (mouse and rat). The rate of production of 14CO2 from (U-14C) glucose by plaice given diets containing carbohydrate was not significantly greater than that by plaice given diets lacking carbohydrate. 7. More glucose was incorporated into liver glycogen when plaice were given carbohydrate in their food than when it was absent. Otherwise no differences were apparent in the fate of glucose C by plaice which could be related to the diets used. 8. No mortalities occurred nor was any histopathology observed in the plaice as a consequence of the inclusion of carbohydrate in the food. PMID- 1115762 TI - Twelve generations of marginal protein deficiency. AB - 1. Colonies of rats have been maintained for twleve generations on diets adequate (dietary protein energy: total metabolizable energy (NDp: E) 0-1) or marginally deficient in protein (NDp: E 0-068). 2. In the malnourished colony, the proportion of "small-for-gestational-age" offspring was ten times as high as amongst the well-nourished colony, growth was slow, sexual maturation delayed, especially in the females, and, when adult, both sexes were significantly lighter and shorter than adults of the well-nourished colony. Organs, other than the eye, weighed less than those of well-nourished "age" controls, but when expressed relative to body-weight, the brain, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, testes, thymus and eyes were larger, the pancreas unchanged and the kidneys smaller than those of the well-nourished "age" controls. The relative weight of the liver showed little change, being slightly increased in the males and, like the ovaries, slightly reduced in the females. On a body-weight basis, the brains were about 50 percent heavier than normal, but in absolute terms were 5-5-5 percent lighter than those of the well-nourished animals, the cerebellum (10-5 percent lighter in males and 12-9 percent lighter in females) being more severely affected than the cerebrum (4 percent lighter). 3. The young malnourished rats showed increased exploratory activity, transient head tremors and an increased sensitivity to noises, the latter being long-lasting if not permanent. When adult, they showed marked differences in behaviour and learning patterns and it was difficult to attract and hold their attention. In situations demanding a choice the animals were very excited, emitted loud squeals and tried to escape from what was clearly a stressful situation. However, a casual examination of the malnourished adults revealed a rather small, badly groomed, excitable rat without gross abnormalities. 4. The findings are discussed in relation to changes found in malnourished human communities. PMID- 1115763 TI - Nutritional studies on East African herbivores. 2. Losses of nitrogen in the faeces. AB - 1. A series of nitrogen-balance trials was done using groups of four animals of various species of wild and domesticated ruminants using pelleted diets (Arman & Hopcraft, 1975). 2. Various herbivores were given grass or grass hays, legumes, herbs and shrubs. Food and faecal samples were analysed for N. 3. With the pelleted diets, the N content of the faecal dry matter (DM) was low for eland (Taurotragus oryx Pallas), high for sheep and cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) and intermediate for the three small antelope species (hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus cokei Gunther), Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsonii Gunther) and duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia L.)). With the natural doffers, similar relationships were found, together with variations associated with the type of diet. 4. Three forms of equation were used to express the relationship between faecal N and food N. One of the forms, the linear regression of g faecal N/kg DM intake v. g food N/kg DM intake, fitted the results less well than did the other two and was not used to estimate metabolic faecal N(MFN) losses9 5. MFN was calculated by extrapolation of linear regressions of g faecal N/kg faecal DM v. g N intake/kg faecal DM for the pelleted diets. The range of values was (g N/kg faecal DM): Friesians 7-6, eland 8-1, zebu cattle 11-0 and small antelope and sheep 11-5-12 69 There were significant differences (P smaller than 0-001) between species in slopes and intercepts. 6. MFN was calculated from linear regressions of g faecal N/kg faecal DM v. g food N/kg food DM for all diets. This method gave the best fit for the pelleted diets. Values for these diets were (g N/kg faecal DM): eland 8-3, cattle and sheep 9-3-11-0 and small antelope 11-6-12-3. Species differences were significant (P smaller than 0-001). With grasses, values ranged from 5-9 for non-ruminants (rabbit (domesticated), warthog (Phacohoerus aethiopicus Pallas) and hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius L.)) plus eland and wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus Burchell), to 8-4 for for the other ruminants (sheep, goat, hartebeest, gazelle, duiker, buffalo (Syncerus caffer Sparrman)), kob (Adenota kob thomasi Sclater), reedbuck (Redunca redunca Pallas) and topi (Damalisucs korrigum Ogilby). For ruminants (sheep, hartebeest, duiker and kob), excluding eland, given legumes the value was 8-6, and for sheep and duiker given herbs the value was 14-7. With shrubs, faecal-N losses were variable and sometimes high. 7. With the pelleted diets, true digestibilities of crude protein (N times 6-25) varied from 0-84 to 0-91. 8. The results are discussed in relation to the digestive physiology and feeding habits of the various species, and there is an examination of the feasibility of using linear regressions of crude protein in the diet v. N in the faecal DM for evaluating the quality of the diets selected by free-ranging East African herbivores. PMID- 1115764 TI - Synthesis and conformational studies in solution of sequential copolypeptides: poly(L-prolyl-L-alpha-phenylglycyl-L-proline). AB - High molecular weight poly(L-porlyl-L-alpha-phenylglycyl-L-proline) was synthesized by condensation of L-prolyl-L-alpha-phenylglycyl-L-proline pentachlorophenyl ester in N,N-dimethylformamide. The solution properties of this material have been investigated by circular dichroism and 220-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solvents such as trifluoroethanol (F3EtOH), chloroform, trifluoroacetic acid (F3CCOOH), chloroform-F3CCOOH and F3EtOH-F3CCOOH mixtures. Ordered structures can be formed in F3EtOH and chloroform, which we believe to be similar to the poly-L-proline II form. The ordered form easily undergoes a conformational transition to an unordered form upon addition of small amounts of F3CCOOH to the chloroform solution. The ordered structure is not disrupted upon addition of 12 per cent F3CCOOH to a F3EtOH solution of the polypeptide. PMID- 1115765 TI - Hydrogen bonding abilities of 2,4-dithiouridine derivatives. AB - The base pairing ability of a di-2,4-thiouridine derivative was studied in carbon tetrachloride solutions by the methods of infrared spectroscopy. The strength of the association by hydrogen bonding was found to decrease in the following order: adenine-uracil, adenine-di-2,4-thiouracil, uracil-uracil, and di-2,4-thiouracil di-2,4-thiouracil. These findings contrast with the previously demonstrated fact that poly(s2s4U) is strongly self-associated and does not form a complex with poly(A). To correlate these results, it is proposed that long range stabilizing forces are acting between the di-2,4-thiouracil residues in polynucleotide chains. This assumption also explains the existence of an ordered structure in the alternating copolymer poly(s2s4U-A). PMID- 1115766 TI - Conversion of an androgen epoxide into 17beta-estradiol by human placental microsomes. AB - Three androgen epoxides, 17beta-hydroxy-4beta,5-oxido-5beta-androstan-3-one (II), 3beta,19-dihydroxy-5,6beta-oxido-5beta-androstan-17-one 3-acetate (VIII), and 19 hydroxy-4beta,5-oxido-5beta-androstane-3,17-dione (V), were synthesized and subsequently evaluated as potential precursors in the biosynthesis of estrogens by incubation with human placental microsomes. One of these epoxides (V) was converted into 17beta-estradiol, whereas the other two were metabolized to unidentified products. The possible intermediacy of an androgen epoxide in the biosynthesis of estrone and of 17beta-estradiol is discussed and a mechanism is proposed for the aromatization process. PMID- 1115767 TI - Modification of the cysteine residue of streptococcal dihydrofolate reducatse. AB - Modification of the single cysteine residue of streptococcal dihydrofolate reducatase with 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) results in virtually complete inactivation of the enzyme. Reduction of the enzyme-S-nitrobenzoate mixed disulfide with dithiothreitol indicates that 1.0 cysteine has been modified and approximately 70 percent of the original enzyme activity restored. Circular dichroic and fluorescence studies suggest that a localized conformational change involving aromatic residues, possibly tryptophan, has occurred following modification. In addition, nearly stoichiometric amounts of p hydroxymercuribenzoate lead to complete inactivation of the reducatas. It is suggested that the S-nitrobenzoate moiety bound to the cysteine residue of the enzyme may perturb one or more aromatic side chains and lead to a distortion of the hydrophobic substrate binding site. PMID- 1115768 TI - Studies on the kinetic mechanism of S-adenosylmethionine: protein O methyltransferase of calf thymus. AB - Initial velocity studies have been carried out on protein methylase II (S adenosyl-L-methionine:protein O-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.24) purified from calf thymus, using bovine pancreatic ribonuclease as the protein substrate. Initial velocity patterns converging at a point on or near the extended abcissa were obtained with either ribonuclease or S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the variable substrate. Inhibition by the product S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine was linear competitive against both S-adenysyl-L-methionine and ribonuclease, the apparent inhibition constants being dependent on the concentration of the nonvaried substrate. Adenosine was an inhibitor of the reaction, the inhibition being linear competitive against both S-adenosyl-L-methionine (Ki/1.2 times 10-3 mol/1.) and ribonuclease (Ki/4.6 times 10-3 mol/1.). These results are consistent with a random mechanism for the protein methylase II reaction in which the rate limiting step may be the interconversion of the ternary complexes and all other steps may be in equilibrium. The limiting Michaelis constants for S-adenosyl-L methionine and ribonuclease are 0.87 times 10-6 and 2.86 times 10-4 mol/1., respectively. The dissociation constants of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine for its reaction with the free enzyme was 1.03 times 10-6 mol/1. Thus it has about equal affinity for calf thymus protein methylase II as S-adenosyl-L-methionine. PMID- 1115769 TI - Functional properties of chemically modified hemocyanin. Fixation of hemocyanin in the low and the high oxygen affinity state by reaction with a bifunctional imido ester. AB - Hemocyanin of Helix pomatia is a respiratory protein with a molecular weight of 9 times 10-6; it contains 180 oxygen binding sites. The reaction of hemocyanin with the bifunctional reagent dimethyl suberimido ester, which reacts with amino groups, has been studied. Up to 75 per cent of the amino groups can be modified without inactivation of oxygen binding sites or dissociation of the protein, It appears that hemocyanin can be fixed in a state with low oxygen affinity by modification of the deoxy protein, and in a state with high oxygen affinity by modification of the oxy protein. Using conditions under which native hemocyanin binds oxygen cooperatively (Hill coefficient 2.9), modification of deoxy- and oxyhemocyanin yields derivatives with different oxygen affinities (P50 equals 10 and 2.2 mm, respectively). Both the deoxy and oxy derivatives show strongly reduced cooperativity (Hill coefficients 1.4 and 1.1, respectively). Modification of oxy- and deoxyhemocyanin subunits (molecular weight one-tenth of the native protein), which bind oxygen noncooperatively, results in derivatives with oxygen binding properties identical with those of unmodified subunits. Parallel experiments have been carried out with a unifunctional reagent, methyl acetoimido ester. Modification of partially oxygenated hemocyanin under conditions at which the protein binds oxygen cooperatively yeilds derivatives with redued cooperativity (Hill coefficents 1.1-1.2) and an oxygen affinity depending on the oxygen saturation whivh modification had been carried out. The results are consistent with a simple two-state model for the cooperativity of oxygen binding by these giant hemocyanin molecules. PMID- 1115770 TI - Neutral and Cationic Sulfonamido Derivatives of the Fluorescent Probe 2-p Toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate. Properties and Mechanistic implications. AB - The sensitivity of the fluorescence energy of 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6 sulfonate (TNS) to apparent solvent polarity is considerably greater in methanol water mixtures and lower primary alcohols than in higher primary alcohols or solvents containing no hydroxyl groups. It is suggested that the behavior of TNS in lower alcohols and their mixtures with water is an anomalous result of the combination of general polarity influences and chanes in the nature of specific interactions of the probe with hydroxyl groups of such solvents. Upon conversion of the sulfonate group of TNS to sulfonamido, the biphasic behavior observed in alcohols is eliminated, and fluorescent probes are obtained which have more nearly equal sensitivites to polarity in the alcohols and nonhydroxyl solvents. The sulfonamido fluorescent probes are more sensitive to general environmental polarity than TNS, and are superior as probes of environmental polarity. PMID- 1115771 TI - Hybridization of ribosomal RNA labeled to high specific radioactivity with dimethyl sulfate. AB - RNA radioactively methylated with dimethyl sulfate has the advantage of relatively low background noise level when utilized in DNA saturation hybridization employing the membrane filter technique. In addition, the RNA can be methylated with either 3H- or 14C-labeled methyl groups. However, the low specific radioactivity usually obtained with dimethyl sulfate has limited the use of this labeling technique. We describe a detailed characterization of the methylation of rRNA with dimethyl sulfate giving specific radioactivities on the order 10-5 cpm/mug. Kinetics and optimum conditions for the methylation reaction of rRNA were studied. The methylation did not cause excessive degradation of RNA in neutral aqueous solution, and the methyl derivative of RNA was stable under normal hybridization conditions. Specific radioactivitiy of the methylated RNA was found to be a linear function of the product of RNA concentration and specific radioactivity of the dimethyl sulfate in the reaction mixture at a constant incubation time. The methylated bases of the RNA lowered the thermal stability of the DNA-RNA hybrids by 1 degree in Tm per 1.6 per cent methylated RNA bases. rRNA gene dosage values using high specific radioactive methylated RNA were found to be 81 and 180 genes/haploid genome, respectively. Dissociation constants of the hybridization reaction ranged from 0.90 times 10-10 to 2.37 times 10-10 M. PMID- 1115772 TI - Mechanism of hemin inhibition of erythroid cytoplasmic DNA polymerase. AB - Hemin, which has an important role in the regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, also regulates the activity of cytoplasmic DNA polymerase from erythroid hyperplastic bone marrow cells and reticulocytes. Hemin inhibits DNA synthesis by binding reversibly to the enzyme. Binding assays demonstrated that hemin prevents association and causes dissociation of the DNA-enzyme complex. This is in contrast to inhibitory compounds that specifically interact with DNA such as ethidium bromide and daunomycin which have little or no effect on the DNA polymerase-template complex. Kinetic analysis reveals that hemin inhibition of DNA synthesis is competitive with respect to template and noncompetitive with respect to substrate. The inhibitory effect of hemin can be reversed by subsequent addition of globin, indicating that the inhibition of DNA synthesis by hemin is not due to irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. PMID- 1115773 TI - Phosphatidylglycerol in rat lung. I. Identification as a metabolically active phospholipid in isolated perfused rat lung. AB - Isolated rat lungs when perfused for 2 hr with [U-14]glucose, [2-14C]lactate, or [u-14]acetate, were found to contain a phos pholipid which represented a small percentage of the total phospholipid (3.9 per cent), and possessed the highest specific activity of any phospholipid. Using chromatographic, chemical, and mass spectral analysis, the phospholipid has been identified as phosphatidylglyercol. When [2-14C]lactate was present in the perfusion medium, 15.3 per cent of the lactate incorporated into phospholipids was incorporated into phosphatidylglyerol with a relative specific activity of 5.1 compared to phosphatidylcholine, 1.0, and phosphatidylethanolamine, 0.5. Phosphatidylglycerol also had the highest specific activity when lungs were perfused with [1-14C]acetate and [U-14]glucose. While the significance of the content and apparent metabolic activity of phosphatidylglycerol are unknown, its possible role in stabilizing the surfactant complex of lung is discussed. PMID- 1115774 TI - Evidence that the major cell suface glycoprotein of the TA3-Ha carcinoma contains the Vicia graminea receptor sites. AB - The Vicia graminea lectin receptor of the nonstrain-specific TA3-Ha mammary carcinoma ascites cell of the strain A mouse was shown to be predominantly or exclusively on a large mucin-type surface glycoprotein. TA3-Ha cells adsorbed the lectin in amounts equivalent to 5-9 mg of this glycoprotein/10-9 cells, which was 100-400 times greater than by the strain-specific TA3-St cell, employed as a control. Release of sialic acid by incubation with neuraminidase increased the adsorptivity of the TA3-Ha cell three to fourfold and of the TA3-St cell six- to ten fold. Proteolysis of TA3-Ha cells released into the supernatant solutions approximately the same amount of inhibitory activity, equivalent to approximately 5 mg of the glycoprotein and only 10 per cent of the original adsorptivity remained on the cells. By contrast, TA3-St cells released no detectable inhibitory activity into the medium when subjected to similar proteolysis, even after neuraminidase treatment. Upon fractionation of released material on gel columns, high-molecular weight material and activity were found in the same fractions, but purified samples differed significantly in specific activity and carbohydrate composition. Heterogeneity in the carbohydrate moieties of the macromolecules was further demonstrated by incubation of these samples with neuraminidase, which enhanced their inhibitory activities from two- to tenfold. PMID- 1115775 TI - Oxygen consumption of human blood platelets. I. Effect of thrombin. AB - The effect of thrombin on the oxygen consumption of washed human platelets was measured polarographically with the Clark oxygen electrode. The average basal respiratory rate was 18 plus or minus 1.6 (mean plus or minus S.E.) natoms oxygen per min per 10-9 platelets. Thrombin (1.9 units/ml) caused a 4-13-fold increase in the rate of oxygen consumption (138 plus or minus 14 (mean plus or minus S.E.) natoms oxygen per min per 10-9 platelets). The thrombin-stimulated increase of oxygen consumption was transient, lasting from 1 to 1.5 min before returning to the respiratory rate observed before the thrombin addition. Release of platelet constituents appeared to precede the stimulation of oxygen consumption. These results may provide a basis for explaining the discrepancy in the literature concerning the effects of thrombin on platelet respiration. PMID- 1115776 TI - Oxygen consumption of human blood platelets. II. Effect of inhibitors on thrombin induced oxygen burst. AB - The effect of selected inhibitors on the thrombin-stimulated burst and the basal oxygen consumption of washed human platelets were investigated and compared with inhibition of the release reaction. Cyanide (0.2 mM) caused complete inhibition of the basal respiration, but only 15% inhibition of the thrombin-stimulated burst of oxygen consumption. Similar differential inhibitory effects were observed with oligomycin, antimycin, rotenone and N-ethylmaleimide. Prostaglandin E1 (0.03 mM) and acetylsalicylic acid (0.8 mM) had little effect on basal respiration, but inhibited the thrombin-stimulated burst of oxygen consumption. N Ethylmaleimide (0.4 mM) inhibited the release of calcium from platelets by 90%, while prostaglandin E1, acetylsalicylic acid and the above mitochondrial inhibitors caused no more than 30% inhibition of the release reaction. Our results provide evidence that basal respiration and a portion of the thrombin stimulated burst of oxygen consumption are involved in respiratory chain phosphorylation, and that this component of the thrombin-stimulated burst may be coupled to the maintenance of the release reaction. PMID- 1115777 TI - Study of the chlorophyll fluorescence in chloroplasts and algae with the plastoquinone antagonist dibromothymoquinone. AB - The effect of the plastoquinone antagonist dibromothymoquinone on chlorophyll fluorescence in vitro and in vivo was investigated. 1. With chlorophyll a in solution quenching is observed, more efficient than that of p-benzoquinone (the Stern-Volmer constant K equals to 200 M-1); ascorbate removes this effect. 2. With isolated chloroplasts, a dramatic enhancement of quenching occurs (also abolished by ascorbate) in the following order of importance: thermal step, photochemical step (of variable fluorescence), and constant fluorescence; K for the total variable fluorescence approximately equal to 480 000 M-1, for constant approximately equal to 190 000 M-1. Parallel to the quenching effect, an enlargement of the complementary area of the variable fluorescence is observed. Addition of ascorbate suppresses the quenching and this enlargement. If this area in the presence of reduced dibromothymoquinone is similar to that of the control, this means that A, the pool of oxidant next to Q, remains connected to it, a result contradicted by the O2-burst measurement. However, when the excess of unbound dibromothymoquinone is washed out, which removes the quenching effect, a significant decrease of the area is seen, in agreement then with the burst results. Therefore, the meaning of the complementary area and the nature of the controlling factors may be questioned. 3. With whole cells (Chlorella), no quenching is observed; instead, an enhancement of the thermal step is noticed, together with an even larger increase of the complementary area. Dibromothymoquinone being in an oxidized form at the thylakoid level, it is proposed that in intact membranes, the chlorophyll molecules are not readily accessible to it: thus, no quenching is observable, and the predominant effect is on the redox chain. The specific effect of dibromothymoquinone on the thermal step supports the hypothesis that is normally controlled by a secondary quencher, related to plastoquinone. PMID- 1115778 TI - Energy transfer by chlorophyll a in detergent micelles. AB - The process of energy transfer was studied in the chlorophyll a-containing detergent micelle, serving as a possible model of the photosynthetic unit. Chlorophyll a was added to aqueous solutions of the detergent Triton X-100 and incorporated into the micelles. The energy transfer process was studied by investigating the concentration depolarization of fluorescence of chlorophyll a. On the basis of the experimental depolarization curves as well as the value of the Forster parameter Ro equals to 56 A calculated from the overlap of absorption and fluorescence spectra it was concluded that energy transfer between chlorophyll a molecules in this model follows the Forster-type mechanism of inductive resonance. Furthermore it was found that the local concentration of chlorophyll a in the micelles is higher by 1-3 orders of magnitude than its overall concentration in the solution and by choosing the appropriate ratio between the consentration of chlorophyll a and the detergent it is possible to reach the in vivo chlorophyll concentration of 0.1 M withing the micelles. Thus the chlorophyll-detergent micelle model may be applied as a model of the separate package-type photosynthetic unit. PMID- 1115779 TI - Further results on the photoactive chlorophyll aII in photosynthesis. AB - 1. The flash-induced difference spectra of chlorophyll aII in untreated and in heat-treated spinach chloroplasts are presented. 2. Heat-treatment leads to an increase of the half-life of the chlorophyll aII absorbance changes. After the addition of hydroquinone plus sodium ascorbate the half-life of the chlorophyll aII reaction returns nearly to the value in untreated chloroplasts. 3. In digitonin-treated chloroplasts, or in the presence of histone, the chlorophyll aII activity is low when the electron acceptor is benzylviologen and high when ferricyanide is used. 4. The half-life of the chlorophyll aII reaction depends on the temperature of the reaction mixture. The activation energy of the chlorophyll aII reaction is about 7.5 kcal/mol. 5. From the experimental results we conclude that in heat-treated (and in Tris-washed and aged) chloroplasts the linear electron flow in Photosystem II is replaced by a cyclic one, which is sensitive to 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. PMID- 1115780 TI - Light-induced absorbance changes due to photosystems 1 and 2 in spinach chloroplasts at minus 50 degrees C. AB - Absorbance changes in the region 500-565 nm and at 702 nm, brought about by excitation of Photosystems 1 and 2, respectively, were measured in spinach chloroplasts at minus 50 degrees C. Either dark-adapted chloroplasts were used or chloroplasts preilluminated with a number of short saturating flashes just before cooling. Both photosystems were found to cause a light-induced increase of absorbance at 518 nm (due to "P518"). The System 1-induced change was not affected by pre-illumination. It decayed within 1 s in the dark and showed similar kinetics as P700. Experiments in the presence of external electron acceptors (methylviologen or Fe(CN)6-3-) suggested that P518 was not affected by the redox state of the primary electron acceptor of System 1. The absorbance increase at 518 nm due to System 2 decayed in the dark with a half-time of several min. The kinetics were similar to those of C-550, the presumed indicator of the primary electron acceptor of System 2. After two flashes preillumination the changes due to P518 and C-550 were reduced by about 40%, and a relatively slow, System 2-induced oxidation of cytochrome b559 occurred which proceeded at a similar rate as the increase in yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence. The results indicate that at minus 50 degrees C two different photoreactions of System 2 occur. One consists of a photoreduction of the primary electron acceptor associated with C-550, accompanied by the oxidation of an unknown electron donor; the other is less efficient and results in the photooxidation of cytochrome b559. PMID- 1115781 TI - Induction kinetics of delayed light emission in spinach chloroplasts. AB - Induction curves of the delayed light emission in spinach chloroplasts were studied by measuring the decay kinetics after each flash of light. This study differs from previous measurements of the induction curves where only the intensities at one set time after each flash of light were recorded. From the decay kinetics after each flash of light, the induction curves of the delayed light emission measured 2 ms after a flash of light were separated into two components: one component due to the last flash only and one component due to all previous flashes before the last one. On comparing the delayed light induction curves of the two components with the fluorescence induction curves in chloroplasts treated with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and in chloroplasts treated with hydroxylamine and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea, the component due to the last flash only is found to be dependent on the concentration of open reaction centers and the component due to all previous flashes except the last is dependent on the concentration of closed reaction centers. This implies that the yield of the fast decaying component of the delayed light emission is dependent on the concentration of open reaction centers and the yield of the slow decaying component is dependent on the concentration of closed reaction centers. PMID- 1115782 TI - Slow 514 nm absorption phases and oxygen exchange transients in Ulva. AB - 1. The slow 514-nm spectral changes in Ulva were studied using bright continuous 650-nm light. Transient and steady-state absorption changes were compared with changes in net rate of O2 exchange in a system designed to measure both parameters simultaneously. 2. Time courses of the 514-nm absorption change show three phases following the onset of light: one rapid increase and two slower (larger than or equal to 1 s) transient increases. Upon cessation of the light three transient absorption phases also follow: a rapid decrease and two slower (greater than 1 s) transient increases. Parallel transient phases (but opposite in sign) were found at 480 nm. 3. The kinetics of the slow 514-nm absorption transients correlate with the characteristic induction transients in net O2 exchange. 4. Similar difference spectra and the restoration kinetics of the light on and light -off transient phases indicate that the slow 514-nm absorption changes reflect the same component(s) and process(es). 5. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the electrochromic hypothesis for the 515-nm absorption shift. We interpret the slow 514-nm absorption changes in Ulva as a reflection of relatively slow ionic readjustments across the photosynthetic membranes. PMID- 1115783 TI - Calcium binding to rabbit skeletal myosin under physiological conditions. AB - At a free Mg2+ concentration of 1.0 mM, myosin binds one Ca2+ per molecule when the Ca2+ concentration is 20 muM, a value in the concentration range expected during contraction of skeletal muscle. Mg2+ alters Ca2+ binding in a complex manner, not by simple competition. In the range from 20 to 100 muM Mg2+ it produces positive cooperativity between the high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites, in addition to shifting binding to higher Ca2+ concentrations. High-affinity Ca2+ binding is not significantly affected by the addition of ATP, increase in ionic strength to 0.1 and changes in temperature. Ca2+ binding did not increase actin activated ATPase activity in the absence of regulatory proteins, but rather inhibited it. PMID- 1115784 TI - DNA replication in nuclei isolated from bovine lymphocytes. AB - DNA replication was studied in nuclei isolated from phytohemagglutin-stimulated bovine lymphocytes. The mitogen treatment induced more than 60% of these cells to engage in DNA synthesis with a peak of synthetic activity occurring about 48 h after the addition of phytohemagglutinin. Throughout this response the ability of isolated nuclei and nuclear sonicates to synthesize DNA in vitro was proportional to the synthetic ability of the intact cells of origin. The subcellular systems appear to continue synthesis at replicative sites which were active in vivo. The rate of in vitro synthesis by both nuclei and nuclear sonicates was about two thirds that of intact cells. The one cytoplasmic and two nuclear DNA polymerase activities separated from these cells were found to have properties similar to those of other eucaryotic cells. PMID- 1115785 TI - A requirement for RNA, protein and DNA synthesis in the establishment of DNA replicase activity in synchronized HeLa cells. AB - DNA replicase activity of synchronized cultures of HeLa cells was assayed by a permeable cell technique during normal S-phase and under conditions of restricted RNA, protein, or DNA synthesis. Inhibition studies with puromycin, cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and 2-mercapto-1-(beta-4-pyridethyl)benzimidazole revealed that the establishment as well as the maintenance of DNA replicase activity in S-phase cells was dependent on the continued synthesis of both RNA and protein. Measurements during limitation of DNA replication by hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside, or restricted availability of thymidine indicate that a low level of DNA synthesis is required to activate or assemble some subunits of DNA replicase. Evidence for the existence of short-lived RNA and protein factors essential for DNA replicase activity is discussed. PMID- 1115786 TI - Characterization of the genome of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. AB - DNA of Phycomyces blakesleeanus was extracted from whole mycelia and from nuclear and mitochondrial organelle fractions obtained from sporangiophores. DNA from all three sources exhibits one symmetrical band at p equals 1.688 g/ml in CsCl buoyant density gradients. Reassociation data are consistent with kinetic division of the DNA into three components: very rapidly renaturing (fraction I), rapidly reassociating (fraction II) and slowly reassociating (fraction III) base sequences. These components comprise approximately 10%, 20% and 64% of total cell DNA. Kinetic fractions were prepared from total cell DNA and reassociated separately. The corrected rate constant is 11.3 M-1-S-1 for the rapidly reassociating component and 0.055 M-1-S-1 for the slowly reassociating component. Based on these data and the data from unfractionated total cell DNA, the genome size of Phycomyces is approximately 1.9-10-10 daltons, 6.7 times that of Escherichia coli. PMID- 1115787 TI - Size distribution and cell-free translation of globin-coding HnRNA from avian erythroblasts. AB - Nuclear RNA from avian erythroblasts was isolated, fractionated by dimethylsulfoxide gradient centrifugation, and the fractions pooled according to increasing sedimentation values. Addition of 125I-labeled globin 9 S mRNA before centrifugation revealed a contamination of high molecular weight RNA by globin mRNA. However, the distribution of label was not identical to the distribution of globin synthesizing activity of unlabelled nuclear RNA when the RNA was translated in a cell-free system of Ehrlich ascites cells. Whereas more than 95% of 125I activity was found in the 0-20 S pool, only 33% of globin synthesizing activity of unlabelled nuclear RNA could be found in this pool. Most of the synthesizing activity was found in the 20-55 S pool and smaller amounts in even more rapidly sedimenting fractions. This conclusively demonstrates the existence of nuclear RNA with globin-coding sequences most probably representing the globin mRNA precursor. The precursor has a higher molecular weight than globin 9 S mRNA. Furthermore we could show that only a small percentage (smaller than 20%) of the proteins synthesized by addition of nuclear RNA from avian erythroblasts to the cell-free system represents globin chains. When 9 S mRNA is added to the cell free system, more than 70% of the newly synthesized proteins are globin chains. PMID- 1115788 TI - Poly (A)-containing polyribosomal RNA in sea urchin embryos: changes in proportion during development. AB - Evidence is described which suggests that a large fraction of sea urchin embryo polyribosomal RNA is not polyadenylated, and that the proportion of poly(A) containing RNA increases during embryological development. Cleavage, early blastula, and mesenchyme blastula stage embryos were treated with cordycepin, and the effects of the drug on polyribosome appearance were determined. Polyribosomes in cleaving embryos and early blastulae were unaffected by the drug. However, there was a significant reduction in the amount of polyribosomes present and in the amount of newly synthesized RNA entering polyribosomes in mesenchyme blastulae after cordycepin treatment. Polyribosomal RNA was isolated from cleavage, early blastula, and mesenchyme blastula stage embryos, and the RNA was characterized by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Cleaving embryo polyribosomal RNA has a prominent 9 S peak and a smaller 20 S peak, and the larger RNA is heterodisperse. There is no poly(A) associated with the 9 S and 20 S material, but there is poly(A) associated with the RNA sedimenting faster than 20 S. Early blastula and mesenchyme blastula polyribosomal RNA have 22 S and 26 S peaks, respectively. This later stage RNA is quite heterodisperse and poly(A) is associated with RNA in all size classes larger than 9 S. Finally, the proportion of polyadenylated light and heavy polyribosome RNA was determined for cleavage, early blastula, and mesenchyme blastula stage embryos. Approximately 20-25% of newly synthesized light polyribosome RNA is polyadenylated and this amount is relatively constant during early development. However, the proportion of newly synthesized RNA in heavy polyribosomes that is polyadenylated increases during development: 25% at cleavage, 33% at early blastula, and 48% at mesenchyme blastula stages. PMID- 1115789 TI - Effect of colchicine on collagen, albumin and transferrin synthesis by cirrhotic rat liver slices. AB - Collagen synthesis was found to be increased in liver slices of rats made cirrhotic by chronic administration of CCl4. The liver function was impaired, as determined by an increased retention of conjugated bilirubin and low serum albumin values. However, when animals received colchicine simultaneously with CCl4, collagen synthesis and deposition were inhibited, and the liver function appeared normal. When a group of rats was made cirrhotic by chronic administration of CCl4, and then kept for 30 days without further treatment, fibrosis persisted and collagen synthesis was very low. However, the liver function was severely impaired. When similar rats received L-azetidine-2 carboxylic acid during the 30-days period following CCl4 administration, there was a slight but not significant improvement in liver function. The collagen synthesis and the extent of fibrosis were similar to the controls. However, if similar rats received colchicine during the 30 days period, collagen synthesis was almost negligible, there was a slight decrease in fibrosis and there was a great improvement in liver function. In all the cirrhotic animals studied, transferrin biosynthesis remained constant. PMID- 1115790 TI - Conformational studies on modified proteins and peptides. IX. Conformation and immunochemistry of hemoglobin reduced at some carboxyl groups by diborane. AB - A derivative of apohemoglobin was prepared by reduction with diborane at -10 degrees C for 2 h. Four aspartate and two glutamate side chains were reduced per half molecule to their corresponding alcohols. The modifications were identified as: alpha asp 64, alpha-asp 74, alpha-asp 75 and alpha asp 85;beta-glu 121 and beta-glu 6 (or beta-glu 7). Recombination of reduced apohemoglobin with unmodified ferriheme yielded the corresponding reduced hemoglobin derivative which was electrophoretically homogeneous. Hemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin had different electrophoretic mobilities and showed slight spectral differences. Titration with ferriheme revealed that reduced globin possessed an anomalous heme binding behavior. The s 20,w of reduced hemoglobin was slightly higher than that of hemoglobin. Agregation of the derivative was also apparent from its behavior in gel filtration. ORD and CD measurements indicated substantial conformational differences between hemoglobin and its derivative. Immunochemical studies showed that the derivative reacted poorly with antisera to hemoglobin and, conversely, hemoglobin showed little reaction with antisera to the derivative. The results are discussed in terms of the three-dimensional structure of hemoglobin in the crystalline state and its relationship to the structure in solution. PMID- 1115791 TI - Aggregation of linear biopolymers induced by cooperative binding of ligands. AB - Owing to "stacking" interactions certain positively charged dye molecules display biologically significant cooperative binding to single stranded polyanions. Temperature jump experiments with such systems reveal a peculiar slow relaxation process which cannot be ascribed to the actual binding reactions. In the special case of poly(glutamic acid) and acridine orange, light scattering measurements show it to be caused by a strong aggregation of the polymer-dye complexes depending primarily on the degree of binding. This effect is clearly reflected in changes of the visible absorption spectrum. Their wavelength dependences indicate that the aggregation is apparently associated with a spectral flattening as well as an enhanced binding of the dye which both result in a decrease of its absorbance. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the phenomenon can be understood on the basis of a simple model. PMID- 1115792 TI - The influence of cadmium ions on the adsorption of prothrombin onto A1(OH)3 as a means to purify prothrombin. AB - 1. In the presence of CdSO4(1mM),Al(OH)3(1.3% w/v) completely adsorbs the coagulation factors VII, IX, and X from normal plasma, but factor II (prothrombin) is adsorbed for about 50% only.2. A purification procedure for factor II is developed, using Al(OH)3 adsorption in the presence of Cd2+ as a first step and using column chromatography only once. A 750-fold purification is obtained at a 24% yield. 3. Comparison of the prothrombin thus obtained, with prothrombin isolated by the method of Kisiel and Hanahan (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1973) 304, 103-113) does not show significant differences in amino acid composition, N-terminal amino acid, molecular weight or immunological properties. 4. Comparison of the two prothrombin preparations in a thrombin-generating system shows that although the final yield of thrombin from a given amount of prothrombin in both preparations is the same, the initial velocity of thrombin formation from our preparation is comparable to that of native prothrombin, whereas the other preparation is converted significantly slower. PMID- 1115793 TI - Activation of a pro-enzyme by a stoichiometric reaction with another protein. The reaction between prothrombin and staphylocoagulase. AB - The reaction between prothrombin and staphylocoagulase was investigated and the following conclusions were drawn: (a) Optimal amounts of the active reaction product (coagulase-thrombin) are found when equimolar amounts of prothrombin and staphylocoagulase are added together. (b) The molecular weight of coagulase thrombin equals the sum of the molecular weights of staphylocoagulase and prothrombin when estimated both by gelfiltration and by sodijm dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (c) The amino acid composition of coagulase thrombin cannot be distinguished from the sum of the amino acid compositions of prothrombin and staphylocoagulasd. (d)in a preparation of coagulase-thrombin the N-terminal amino acids are those of prothrombin (alanin) and staphylocoagulase (aspartic acid). (e) An antibody against coagulase-thrombin precipitates prothrombin and staphylocoagulase but not thrombin. (f) We put forward the hypothesis that the thrombin activity in coagulasethrombin is the result of a stoichiometric reaction between one molecule of prothrombin and one molecule of staphylocoagulase, and limited proteolysis does not play a role in this mechanism. PMID- 1115794 TI - A new principle in biospecific affinity chromatography used for purification of cobalamin-binding proteins. AB - To avoid using protein-denaturing agents for desorption, when purifying cobalamin binding protein by biospecific affinity chromatography, an affinity column has been prepared where cobalamin is attached through a temperature-labile linkage to insolubilized 3, 3'-diaminodipropylamine. On desorption the protein is obtained in solution saturated with cobalamin. The method has been used for purification of intrinsic factor and transcobalamin I. PMID- 1115795 TI - Action of heparin on thrombin-antithrombin reaction. AB - Thrombin partially purified from bovine plasma can be inactivated at 60 degress C. In the presence of 10 units of heparin the extent of inactivation decreases. When thrombin and heparin are mixed and incubated for 5 min at 0 degrees C before gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, thrombin with heparin is eluted prior to either thrombin or heparin laone. These data suggest a complex formation between thrombin and heparin. Immobilized heparin binds thrombin. The enzyme can be eluted with 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.3, containing an ion mixture of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ at 73, 3 and 11 mM, respectively, at 0 degrees C and with 0.05 M Tris HCl buffer, pH 7.3, containing 0.5 M NaCl at 20 degrees C. During the same chromatographic procedure, antithrombin-III (heparin cofactor) partially purified from human plasma is eluted with 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.3, at 0 degrees C as well as 20 degrees C. Although, as described in the literature, heparin binds to antithrombin, our findings suggest another possibility, i.e. that the binding of heparin to thrombin induces a conformational change in the enzyme facilitating a complex formation between thrombin and antithrombin-III. PMID- 1115796 TI - Comparison of the cyanogen bromide peptides of insoluble guinea-pig skin and scar collagen. AB - Insoluble guinea-pig skin collagen and insoluble dermal scar collagen were cleaved with CNBr and the peptides derived from the alpha1-chain were separated by ion-exchange and molecular-sieve chromatography. Comparison of the peptides from scar collagen with those from skin collagen showed that the former contained more hydroxylysine. Separation of the CNBr peptides showed that this increase in hydroxylysine was found not only in the non-helical regions, but was also seen down the helical portion of the molecule. Separation of the peptides revealed the presence of more peptides in digests of skin collagen than those of scar, and these have been attributed to the presence of Type III collagen in skin, but no evidence was found for the presence of this Type III collagen in dermal scar tissue. PMID- 1115797 TI - Haemoglobin G Norfolk: alpha 85 (F6) Asp leads to Asn. AB - The characterisation of haemoglobin G Norfolk (alpha2 85 Asp leads to Asn 2) is described. This variant has been identified in the heterozygous state in three apparently unrelated English families of which two are resident in England and the other in Canada. PMID- 1115798 TI - Association of the long-acting thyroid stimulator protector with the immunoglobulin G fraction of serum from patients with thyrotoxicosis. AB - Both the long-acting thyroid stimulator and the long-acting thyroid stimulator protector are associated with the immunoglobulin G fraction of human serum proteins. Fractionation of globulins by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and DEAE cellulose chromatography showed that the protector activity was associated with subfractions of differing electrophoretic mobility. Attempts to concentrate the protector in immunochemically pure immunoglobulin G prepared in this way may fail because of loss of protector activity with other immunoglobulin G fractions. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 indicated that protector activity was associated with 7-S proteins. PMID- 1115799 TI - Two new hemoglobins. Hemoglobin Alabama (beta39(C5)Gln leads to Lys) and hemoglobin Montgomery (alpha 48(CD 6) Leu leads to Arg). AB - The amino acid substitutions in two new hemoglobins found by electrophoretic screening during a survey in Alabama have been determined by column chromatography and amino acid analyses of their tryptic peptides. They are hemoglobin Alabama (beta 39(C 5)Gln leads to Lys) and hemoglobin Montgomery (alpha 48(CD 6) Leu leads to Arg). No harmful symptoms have been attributed to the presence of either hemoglobin. PMID- 1115800 TI - Proteins selectively released from water-extracted human erythrocyte membranes upon citraconylation or maleylation. Electrophoretic analysis and chromatographic fractionation. AB - 1. Citraconylation or maleylation (carboxylation) of water-extracted human erythrocyte membranes (membrane residue) solubilized up to 20% (w/w) of the membrane residue protein, but less than 2% of the phospholipids. Amino acid analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecylsulfate showed that the solubilization was selective. 2. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of detergent separated the solubilized acylated proteins into four well-separated major zones and two or three minor zones. Two of the major zones contained proteins of high molecular weight (spectrin components) and the other two contained components of intermediate molecular weight. 3. The solubilized components of intermediate molecular weight could be partially purified by hydroxyapatite chromatography. 4. Upon incubation at pH 5 and 36 degrees C of the unfractionated proteins solubilized by citraconylation some components became specifically degraded or dissociated into subunits. PMID- 1115801 TI - Specific interaction of chromatin non-histone proteins with DNA. AB - The interaction of different preparations of chromatin non-histone proteins of rat liver and thymus with homologous and heterologous DNA was studied. It is shown by the method of fixation of non-histone proteins-DNA complexes on nitrocellulose filters that: (1) all the non-histone proteins preparations studied form complexes with DNA in 0.02 M Tris--HCl (pH 7.5)--3 mM MgCl2; (2) the main part of non-histone proteins interacting with DNA binds to it non specifically; (3) a small part of non-histone proteins interacts specifically with the homologous native DNA in 5 M urea; (4) both homologous and heterologous denatured DNA binds non-histone proteins more effectively than the native one; (5) the specific interaction of non-histone proteins with the homologous denatured DNA is observed both without urea and in its presence. The specific interaction of a small part of non-histone proteins with the homologous native and denatured DNA is also shown by the method of non-histone proteins chromatography on polyacrylamide--agarose columns containing DNA. The data obtained are discussed in the light of the possible non-histone proteins role in the specific regulation of the transcription process. PMID- 1115802 TI - The state of messenger ribonucleic acid and ribosomes in the cytoplasm of ethionine-treated rat liver. AB - The administration of ethionine to female rats causes breakdown of hepatic polysomes. The state of mRNA and monomeric ribosomes after the polysome dissociation was studied. The mRNA was selectively labeled with [14C] orotate after a low dose of actinomycin D. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of Triton X-100-treated cytoplasm revealed an accumulation of heterodisperse radioactive material with very large S values. This material was converted to smaller S values with deoxycholate treatment and was extremely sensitive to mild ribonuclease treatment. Since this material was banded at around 1.43 g/cm3 in CsCl gradient centrifugation and contained RNA with a distribution of S values characteristic of polysomal mRNA, this material was identified as mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein particles. The monomeric ribosomes were shown to be dissociated into subunits in the presence of 0.5 M KCl, indicating that these lacked nascent polypeptide chains. When the animals were recovered from the ethionine treatment by subsequent administration of adenine and methionine, the heterodisperse ribonucleoprotein particles and monomeric ribosomes appeared to be utilized for the reformation of polysomes. PMID- 1115803 TI - Ion effects on protein-nucleic acid interactions: the disassembly of the 50-S ribosomal subunit from the halophilic bacterium, Halobacterium cutirubrum. AB - The 50-S ribosomal subunits from the extreme halophilic bacterium, Halo-bacterium cutirubrum, stable structurally and functionally in concentrated salt solutions were subjected to ionic environments depleted in either K+ or Mg2+ or both. Under these conditions specific classes of proteins are released from the subunit along with the 5 S RNA. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the resultant split protein fractions indicate some mutually exclusive effects of specific ions on the binding of specific proteins to the 23 S RNA as well as on the retention of 5 S RNA within the ribosomal macrostructure. PMID- 1115804 TI - Copper uptake and excretion by Busycon canaliculatum L. PMID- 1115805 TI - Control of corpora allata function in larvae of Galleria mellonella. PMID- 1115806 TI - Histofluorescent localization of serotonin and dopamine in the nervous system and gill of Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia). PMID- 1115807 TI - Oxygen consumption in echinoderms from several geographical locations, with particular reference to the Echinoidea. PMID- 1115808 TI - Copper toxicity in Busycon canaliculatum L. PMID- 1115809 TI - Oxygen consumption of the purple sea urchin with special reference to the reproductive cycle. PMID- 1115810 TI - The anomalous influence of salinity on temperature tolerances of summer and winter populations of the copepod Eurytemora affinis. PMID- 1115811 TI - Biology of Neochilda fusca N. gen., n. sp. from the northeastern coast of the United States (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria). PMID- 1115812 TI - On the development of the sea-star, Astropecten latespinosus Meissner. PMID- 1115813 TI - A radioactive tracer study of food uptake by Pinnotheres maculatus in molluscan hosts. PMID- 1115814 TI - Behavioral aspects of righting in two asteroids from the Pacific coast of North America. PMID- 1115815 TI - Active branchial and ram gill ventilation in fishes. PMID- 1115816 TI - Nonlinear dynamic transfer characteristics of cells in the peripheral visual pathway of flies. I. The retinula cells. PMID- 1115817 TI - Temporal pattern discrimination of impulse sequences in the computer-simulated nerve cells. PMID- 1115818 TI - Large-scale activity in neural nets I: Theory with application to motoneuron pool responses. PMID- 1115819 TI - Large-scale activity in neural nets II: A model for the brainstem respiratory oscillator. PMID- 1115820 TI - [Temperature regulation in the human body. Mathematic model with disseminated parameters and locally dependent variables]. PMID- 1115821 TI - Rigorous and extended application of information theory to the afferent visual system of the cat. II. Experimental results. PMID- 1115822 TI - [Registration of an electrocardiogram in a free-swimming cod]. PMID- 1115823 TI - [Determination of the thyroxine in the blood plasma of experimental animals by the saturation analysis method]. PMID- 1115824 TI - [New data on the development of flies of the family Odiniidae (Diptera)]. PMID- 1115825 TI - [Polymorphism in certain traits of the Kamchatka river salmon (Salmo mykiss Walbaum (Clupeiformes, Salmonidae))]. PMID- 1115826 TI - [Changes in the potentials from posterior spinal cord roots under the effect of stimulation of the splanchnic nerve]. PMID- 1115827 TI - [Rhythmical fluctuations in the indices of overlearning]. PMID- 1115828 TI - [Effect of some pyrimidine derivatives on the regeneration of the planarian Dugesia tigrina]. PMID- 1115829 TI - [Adrenaline-heparin complex and its physicochemical characteristics]. PMID- 1115830 TI - [New chromomycin producer, Actinomyces aburaviensis var. verrucosus var. nov]. PMID- 1115831 TI - Prediction of energy cost from peak heart rate in lower extremity amputees. AB - Heart rate, which is an easily measurable biomechanical index, has been known to bear a definite relationship with the energy cost of any activity. An investigation undertaken on two groups of lower extremity rehabilitees and a group of normal, healthy, sedentary, adult males, when the subjects were administered with a battery of tests representing four common activities of daily living and working and a fifth test for exercise tolerance (as suitable), has confirmed that the relationship between peak heart rate (beats/min) and energy expenditure (kcal/min) is linear and can be represented by the equation E=0.068 PHR-4.59, thus making it possible to predict the energy cost of any activity from the peak heart rate value. This method is a more direct, simpler and more accurate one for the assessment of rehabilitation effectiveness in clinics than the more widely used direct measurement of energy cost by indirect calorimetry. PMID- 1115832 TI - The role of a department of physiological (clinical) measurement in the UK National Health Service. AB - The relatively new concept of a centralized department of physiological measurement, and the ways in which such a department interacts with related hospital departments within the framework of the National Health Service, are be borne in mind when setting up such a department are outlined and, finally, discussed. A variety of structural and functional considerations which are to the author describes his own department in the light of these considerations. PMID- 1115833 TI - Use of postpheresis plasma to improve granulocyte yields for transfusion. AB - Humoral factors which stimulate release of mature granulocytes from body reserves are presumed to be the mechanism through which high yields of granulocytes are obtained from donors by filtration leukopheresis. Postpheresis plasma (PPP) obtained 2 hr after leukopheresis, when infused into normal rats, induced a peak granulocytosis at 3 hr of 22,000/cu mm above controls. A substance in the nylon filters, which caused a peak granulocytosis at 4 hr of 7600/cu mm above controls, was eliminated by washing the filter with 30 volumes of saline. Injection of PPP obtained following leukopheresis with washed filters resulted in an 8000/cu mm increase in granulocytes. One milliliter of PPP given 1 hr before pheresis increased the granulocyte yield from 4.3 to 8.7 times 10-7 granulocytes in a 2-hr run. We conclude that (1) a humoral substance elaborated by the host during filtration leukopheresis induces a granulocytosis in the donor, (2) a substance in commercial leukopaks, which can be eliminated by vigorous washing of the filters, may be responsible in part for granulocytosis observed during leukopheresis, (3) PPP may be used to increase granulocyte yields in donors undergoing leukopheresis. PMID- 1115834 TI - "Early-peak" carbon monoxide production in certain erythropoietic disorders. AB - The "early-labeled" peak (ELP) of 14CO excretion following injection of glycine-2 14C was used to study erythropoiesis in a patient with sideroblastic anemia and in four subjects with myeloproliferative disorders. The ELP was greatly enlarged in all patients, as compared with a normal volunteer. The contour of the peaks from the hematologically abnormal subjects suggested the presence of increased erythroid heme degradation. In the patient with sideroblastic anemia, all hours of the early peak were significantly reduced after transfusion. This was interpreted to mean that even the earliest or "nonerythroid" phase of the peak is influenced by erythropoietic activity, at least under conditions of erythropoietic stress. PMID- 1115835 TI - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: confirmation of diagnosis with in vitro methods. AB - Profound thrombocytopenia developed in a patient during treatment with heparin for venous thrombosis. The platelet count increased toward normal when heparin administration was stopped, but fell abruptly when the drug was again given. Platelet aggregation occurred when heparin was added to the patient's platelet rich plasma, or to normal platelets plus the patient's serum. This serum also effected release of 3H-serotonin from normal platelets. This pattern of aggregation was clearly different from that occasionally caused by heparin in a control population. The data is consistent with an effect of heparin on platelets, possibly mediated by on immune mechanism. PMID- 1115836 TI - Short communication: possible association of newly absorbed serotonin with nonmetabolic, granule-located adenine nucleotides in human blood platelets. AB - [3H]-adenine-labeled human platelets in plasma were incubated with or without nonradioactive serotonin. Release reaction was then induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, or thrombin. Platelets that had been incubated with serotonin released four times as much serotonin as platelets incubated without serotonin. The specific radioactivities of the ATP and ADP released to plasma during release reaction induced with all four inducers were the same in both systems. This shows that when serotonin is taken up by human platelets, it enters the compartment containing nonmetabolic, granula-stored ATP, and not the compartment with metabolic extragranular ATP. These results suggest that the mechanism of serotonin storage in human platelets is similar to that in other species investigated, i.e., rabbit, guinea pig, and pig. PMID- 1115837 TI - Erythropoiesis in steel mutant mice: effects of erythropoietin in vitro. AB - Adult SI/SI-d mutant mice have severe macrocytic, normochromic anemia. Moreover these animals are unresponsive to the stimulation of erythropoietin in vivo. By means of a bone marrow cell suspension culture system, the present investigation shows that in adult SI/SI-d marrow, there are cells capable of responding in vitro to erythropoietin in a normal fashion. Moreover, the erythropoietin present in SI/SI-d serum is biologically active in vitro without any prior biochemical modification. These observations support the suggestion that there is a defect in differentiation in the erythroid cell lines of SI/SI-d mice in vivo due to an abnormal hemopoietic microenvironment. PMID- 1115838 TI - Recovery of normal hematopoietic tissue and tumor following chemotherapeutic injury from cyclophosphamide (CTX): comparative analysis of biochemical and clinical techniques. AB - Simultaneous alterations in the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) into DNA are induced by CTX in normal host target tissues and L1210 ascites tumor. The timing of suppression and recovery of these nucleoside incorporation alterations was similar at the three CTX doses studied, but some evidence for a dose-response effect was seen as the magnitude of suppression of DNA synthesis increased with increasing dosage. A differential pattern of suppression and recovery of 3H-TdR incorporation in malignant and normal host tissues was observed. The pattern of suppression and recovery of the peripheral white blood count and bone marrow (BM) cellularity, two frequently studied clinical parameters of hematopoietic recovery, were out of phase with the recovery of BM-DNA synthesis and failed to accurately reflect the sensitivity of the BM to subsequent chemotherapeutic injury. In contrast, drug schedules based on the differential recovery patterns of the host tissues and tumor, reflected by their 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA, both reduced toxicity to normal mice and increased the survival of tumor-bearing animals. PMID- 1115839 TI - Radiosensitivities of DNA molecules in lymphocytes from the circulating blood of man. AB - The radiosensitivities of DNA molecules from lymphocytes of human circulating blood were examined by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. The single strand breaks of DNA per rad, including the breaks formed under the present alkaline condition, were 1.2 plus or minus 0.1 breaks per 10-12 daltons DNA per rad. When the cells were transformed, the number of breaks was found to increase to 1.8 plus or minus 0.2 breaks per 10-12 daltons DNA per rad. The lymphocytes are capable of rejoining radiation-induced single-strand breaks of DNA. The rate of rejoining was dependent upon types of the suspending medium. The rate increased to ten times of that of the non-transformed cells upon transformation. PMID- 1115840 TI - Sex hormones and the regulation of erythroid spleen colonies development of fetal liver origin. AB - The development of erythroid colonies of fetal liver hemopoietic cell origin in adult irradiated polycythemic mice was studied. It was found that orchidectomy sharply reduced the number of erythroid colonies developed in the spleen of these polycythemic male recipients. Estrogen injection to the orchidectomized polycythemic recipient did not further decrease the number of erythroid colonies developed. It is concluded that the development of erythroid colonies of fetal liver origin in polycythemic male recipients is maintained mainly by testicular testosterone. The complete suppression of these colonies in female recipients does not seem to be a result of inhibition by estrogen. PMID- 1115841 TI - Post-transfusion purpura: a heterogeneous syndrome. AB - Three new patients with post-transfusion purpura (PTP) are described. As the manifestations in two differ significantly from those of previously reported cases, they serve to expand the definition of this syndrome. Although all 14 previously reported cases have occurred in Pl-A1-negative females, one of our patients was a Pl-A-negative male. Moreover, a female whose postrecovery platelets possessed the Pl-A1 antigen is described. Antiplatelet antibody activity was detected in all three patients by the 51Cr release test; in contrast, only one reacted in the complement (C) fixation assay. Serum obtained during the acute episode from the PlA1-positive patient reacted against platelets from four of 11 normals by C fixation and against platelets from 48 of 53 normals by 51Cr release, including five of nine Pl-A1-negative platelet samples. This case represents the first instance of PTP in which the platelet isoantibody was not specifically directed against the Pl-A1 antigen. These observations suggest that PTP may be a more heterogeneous disorder than previously realized. PMID- 1115842 TI - Mechanisms for elevated fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in acute experimental pulmonary embolism. AB - The mechanism and significance of elevated levels of serum fibrin degradation products (FDP) in pulmonary embolism were investigated experimentally. Dogs were embolized with autologous blood clot-incorporating canine 125I-fibrin and were infused with either saline, heparin, or streptokinase. Serial measurements were made of total FDP by hemagglutination inhibition assay and of radioactive FDP. After saline, the peak level of total FDP was 323 mug/ml, but radioactive FDP was only 8 mug/ml. After heparin, these values were 44 and 11 mug/ml, respectively, and after streptokinase, 415 and 20 mug/ml. The results suggest that under these experimental conditions the elevated levels of FDP in pulmonary embolism are derived mainly from lysis of fibrin deposited after embolization rather than from lysis of the original embolus. Heparin inhibits both fibrin deposition and elevation of FDP levels after embolism. PMID- 1115843 TI - A new method of measuring the deformability of the red cell membrane. AB - Red cells moving in a stream of fluid can be arrested by means of a network of fibrin threads. Those cells which fold over a fibrin thread present to view a flat strap-like portion of membrane in which the strain can be easily observed and accurately measured both optically and by scanning electron microscopy. Preliminary results obtained by this method show elastic strains of nearly 300% and indicate that the stress required to produce these large strains is an order of magnitude greater than that reported by other methods. PMID- 1115844 TI - Heparin-induced hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue. AB - Experiments on newborn and sexually mature mice and rats showed that repeated injection of heparin leads to an increase both in the number of lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen and in the number of hematopoietic stem cells forming endogenous colonies in the spleen. The lymphoid tissue and the pool of colony forming units are conjecturally under the regulatory influence of the adrenocortical hormones and of the product of the mast cells-heparin. PMID- 1115845 TI - Role of corticofugal influences in mechanisms of formation of cortical bioelectrical activity. AB - In experiments on cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and pentobarbital, reversible cooling of the 1st sensomotor area (SM-1) unilaterally to between 25 and 23 degree C was accompanied by a simultaneous and generalized change in the activity of other parts of the cortex. These changes were expressed either as the appearance of slow high - amplitude activity or, on the other hand, by a marked decrease in amplitude of the EEG. Warming the cooled region of the cortex was followed by restoration of the normal EEG of the other parts of the cortex. These changes in electroencephalographic activity of the cortical areas are discussed in connection with the existence of synchronizing and desynchronizing subcortical brain structures. PMID- 1115846 TI - Effect of vagus nerve stimulation on coagulability of the blood in cats. AB - Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve in cats leads to the development of hypercoagulation, accompanied by an increase in the thromboplastic activity of the blood. Increased fibrinoloysis under these conditions is evidently protective in character and aimed at dissolving the clots that may be formed in the blood stream as a result of the development of hypercoagulation. PMID- 1115847 TI - Effect of membranous structures of the Kupffer cells on blood clotting. AB - The effect of subcellular fractions of the endothelia kupffer cells on blood clotting was studied. Cells were obtained from the rabbit liver by magnetic fractionation and the subcellular structures were than isolated from them by differential centrifugation. The inner membranous structures were found to carry thromboplastic activity. No correlation was found between the blood-clotting potential of the intracellular structures of the endothelial cells and the level of their cathepsin C activity. PMID- 1115848 TI - Investigation of a pain syndrome of spinal origin (on the concept of the generator mechanism of the pain syndrome). AB - A pain syndrome was induced in rats by means of a microinjection of purified tetanus toxin into the posterior horns of gray matter of the lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord. The toxin was used as a means of disturbing inhibitory mechanisms. Investigation showed that a pain syndrome can be reproduced if afferent stimulation from the periphery is blocked (by division of the nerves of the hind limbs or division of the dorsal lumbosacral roots on the side of injection of the toxin). Under these conditions the latent period of onset of the syndrome was lengthened and the degree of its development weakened a little in the initial stages by comparison with animals with intact afferentation. In many animals with blocked afferentation from the hind limb general manifestations (restlessness, aggressiveness, crying, etc.) were accompanied by a localized response in the form of increased licking, biting, or even chewing the tissues of the deafferented limb at the site of projection of the pain (the phantom syndrome). In some animals only the general reaction was observed without localization of the pain (protopathic pain). In all cases the attacks of pain arose paroxysmally. In animals with intact limb innervation the zones of licking were trigger zones of facilitated induction of an attack of pain. Injection of glycine into the affected posterior horns of the spinal cord abolished the pain syndrome during the time of action of the glycine. It is concluded that the pain syndrome is based on the formation of a generator of pathologically intensified excitation, as a result of disturbance of inhibitory processes, in the system of neurons connected with pain sensation. These mechanisms are evidently those principally concerned in the pathogenesis of all pain syndromes. PMID- 1115849 TI - Genesis of arrhythmias and mechanism of electrical defibrillation of the heart. AB - Atrial arrhythmias were induced in experiments on dogs by electrical stimulation or by local application of aconitine and methacholine to the atrium. The action of the defibrillator discharge on these arrhythmias was studied. The defibrillator discharge abolished the arrhythmias maintained by the circus movement of the excitation wave over the atria but did not abolish sinus tachycardia or ectopic aconitine tachysystoles. The threshold of the defibrillating effect depends on the existence of micro-or macro-reentries. Thmechanism of defibrillation consists of excitation of the atrial myocardium with a consequent decrease in the pathway for the circulation of excitation to below the critical size for maintaining the circus movement of the excitation wave. The axtion of the defibrillator does not inihibit the automatism of the nomotopic and heterotopic cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 1115850 TI - Possible role of slow sodium-calcium channels in the mechanism of changes in electrical and mechanical activity of guinea pig heart cells in local anaphylaxis (the isoptine effects). AB - The local anaphylactic reaction and the effects of histamine during blocking of the slow sodium-calcium channels by isoptine were investigated in the spontaneously contracting oracle of the atrium of a guinea pig previously sensitized to egg albumin. Simultaneously with the intracellular recording of the potentials, isometric contractions of the preparation were recorded by means of a mechanotron. The investigation showed that egg albumin (0.2 mg/ml) and histamine (0.1 mg/ml) are antagonists of isoptine (2-16 mg/liter) as regards its effect on automatic contraction and duration of the action potential. It is postulated that this anaphylatic reaction is based on activation of the slow sodium-calcium channels in the surface membrane of the myocardial fibers. PMID- 1115851 TI - Inhibitors of erythropoiesis in patients with aplastic anemia. AB - An inhibitor of erythropoiesis was found in the urine of patients with aplastic anemia. The inhibitor was concentrated with kaolin and separated from erythropoietin by subsequent fractionation with alcohol and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The inhibitor blocked the effect of erythropoietin (standard C) when injected into mice with hypoxic polycythemia 3 H before or along with exogenous erythropoietin; partial neurtralization of standard C also was observed on incubation with the inhibitor. PMID- 1115852 TI - Functional and morphological adaptation of the gastric glands to disturbances of external pancreatic secretion and experimental reflux pancreatitis. AB - The mucous membrane of the gastric fundus was investigated in dogs after interruption of the external pancreatic secretion and the formation of experimental reflux pancreatitis. A marked increase in the number of chief cells and a decrease in the number of parietal cells were found in the gastric fundal glands between 6 and 15-17 months after the operation. Meanwhile the RNA concentration in the chief cells was increased. These changes were constant throughout the period of investigation (until 20 months). The results are in full agreement changes in the secretory function of the stomach described previously under the same conditions and they can therefore be regarded as being compensatory or adaptive in character. PMID- 1115853 TI - Disturbance of the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract as a result of hormonal imbalance. AB - Considerable functional disturbances of the urodynamics, consisting of hypotonia, hypokinesia, and dyskinesia of the pelvis and upper third of the ureters were detected by television excretory pyeloscopy and motion-picture urography in female rabbits after prolonged administration of progesterone and estradiol dipropionate. These findings suggest a role of hormonal imbalance in the pathogenesis of disorders of the urodynamics that are the possible causes of development of pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and other diseases of the kidneys in women. PMID- 1115854 TI - Action of the mycotoxin of Fusarium sporotrichiella v. sporotrichioides on lysosomal membranes. AB - The effect of the mycotoxin of Fusarium sporotrichiella v. sporotrichioides (sporofusarin) was studied in vitro on the total and nonsedimenting activity of eight lysosomal enzymes: acid ribonuclease, aryl sulfatases A and B, beta glucuronidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidases, beta-glucosidase, beta acetylglucosaminidase, and alpha-mannosidase. Incubation of a suspension of rat liver lysosomes with an aqueous solution of sporofusarin led to inhibition of the total activity of the membrane-bound lysosomal enzyme beta-glucosidase. In a dose of only 1.6 x 10-5 M sporofusarin caused a significant increase in the nonsedimenting activity of nearly all the enzymes; in a concentration of 1.6 x 10 3 M most of the enzymes of the lysosomal matrix (beta-glucuronidase, beta galactosidase, aryl sulfatases A and B) were liberated almost completely into the supernatant, and nearly all the beta-glucosidase also was liberated. It is postulated that damage to the subcellular membranes is an important component of the toxic action of sporofusarin. PMID- 1115855 TI - Oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscles of rabbits during dinithrophenol hyperthermia. AB - After intramuscular injection of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) into rabbits in doses of 10,15, 25, and 30 mg/kg the degree of elevation of the body temperature, the phosphorylation in skeletal muscle homogenates were found o increase with the dose. In the course of dinitrophenol hyperthermia (following injection of 25 mg/kg DNP) the changes in body temperature and oxygen consumption of the animals followed a parallel course with the changes in the level of oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscles. PMID- 1115856 TI - Effect of insulin and glucose on the glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis by the rat diaphragm. AB - Insulin activated both the uptake of glucose-C-14 from the medium and its incorporation into glycogen by the incubated diaphragm: the percentage of glucose C-14 incorporated into glycogen increased with an increase in the dose of insulin. An increase in the concentration of glucose in the medium also caused this more rapid assimilation by the muscle tissue. However significant stimulation of glycogen synthesis was observed only in the presence of a high (unphysiological) glucose concentration in the incubation fluid; the percentage of glucose-C-14 incorporated into glycogen remained small and constant. It is postulated that the glucose-C-14 found in the case of substrate control is the result of exchange of the glucose residues of glycogen with intracellular glucose. PMID- 1115857 TI - Detection of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in single mammalian oocytes during cleavage by a micromodivication of disc electrophoresis. AB - A micromodification of the method of disc-electrophoresis in glass capillary tubes is described. It can be used to study the protein composition and activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in single rat and mouse oocytes during clevage. PMID- 1115858 TI - Hyperglycemia and gluconeogenesis in the liver of mice with tumors. AB - Gluconeogenesis, when sharply stimulated by exhaustion of the liver glycogen reserves, is one of the factors maintaining the normal blood sugar level in mice with tumors. Hyperglycemia induce by glucose leads to an increase in the liver glycogen content and a decrease in the intensity of gluconeogenesis in control mice with tumors. Only in the latter, however, does glycogen synthesis from noncarbohydrate compounds rise again steadily after the injections of glucose are discontinued. PMID- 1115859 TI - Stimulation of adenylate deaminase activity by serotonin. AB - After a single intraperitoneal injection of serotonin into rats adenylate deaminase activity in the mitochondrial fraction of the liver was stimulated. The conditions under which a twofold increase in the deamination of AMP occurred, after serotonin administration,were determined. Preliminary blocking of monamine oxidase activity did not prevent this effect of serotonin. PMID- 1115860 TI - Comparative effect of amphetamine and caffeine on spontaneous activity of sensomotor cortical units and their responses to stimulation of the caudate nucleus. AB - In acute experiments on anesthetized cats activity of sensomotor cortical units was recorded during low-frequency stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus. Amphetamine (1 mg/kg), although not significantly affecting the spontaneous firing rate, increased the number of spontaneously active cortical units. Meanwhile inhibition of these units during stimulation of the caudate nucleus was weakened. Amphetamine had a stronger suppressive action on the inhibition arising from the ventro-lateral portion than from the dorso-medial portion of the head. In the case of caffeine the location of the stimulating electrodes was unimportant. PMID- 1115861 TI - Correlation between the toxicity of chemical agents and their inhibitory activity on isolated mitochondria. AB - Correlation was found between the concentrations of compounds inhibiting respiration of isolated mitochondria and the toxicity of the same substances for the whole organism. This correlation was observed for different intensities of action in vivo and for different pathways of entry of the toxic agent into the body. The relationship discovered applies to all inhibitors of tissue respiration irrespective of their point of application and of the molecular mechanism of their action. PMID- 1115862 TI - Hypersensitivity of delayed type manifested during the development of allergic lesions of the myocardium. AB - Changes in humoral and cellular responses were studied during the development of allergic lesions of the myocardium in rabbits. These responses,manifestations of hypersensitivity of delayed type, are connected with transformation of cells of the active mesenchyme, responsible for the process of immuogenesis, into lymhocytes and plasma cells. In allergic lesions of the myocardium hypersensitivity of delayed type is manifested as lympho-marcrophagal reaction in the intermuscular stroma of the heart, the thymus, and lymph glands and also as blast transformation of the lymphocytes. A complex series of disturbances of immunologic homeostasis arises, in which the primary components are micronaglopahies, blast-transformation of the lymphoctes and activation of iysosomal enzymes. PMID- 1115863 TI - Production of influenza antibodies by lymphocytes of the respiratory tract. AB - Antibody production against influenza virus by lymphocytes of the human nasopharyneal tonsils and the tracheal wall of rats was investigated. Atibody producing cells were found in preparations of lymphadenoid tissue removed in the postepidemic period. Intranasal immunization of rats with living influenza vaccine led to the accumulation of producer cells in the tracheal wall and of antibodies in the secretions of the respiratory tract. Reimmunization was followed by a well-marked secondary response. A characteristic feature of secretory immunity is the slower formation of producer cells and of antibodies than is observed in the system of general immunity. PMID- 1115864 TI - Effect of the rhythm of cyclophosphamide administration on its antitumor action and the immune response of mice with methylcholanthrene sarcoma. AB - The therapeutic effect of cyclophosphamide (CP) in relation to the dose and rhythum of its administration was studied in C57BL/6 mice with a methycholanthrene-induced sarcoma. The optimal scheme giving a complete cure of the experimental animals was 5 injections, each of 199 mg/kg CP at intervals of 10 days. The effect of the total dose of CP on humoral antitumor immunity was demonstrated: after injection of 100 mg/kg CP the animals' serum lost its ability to stimulate tumor growth and acquired cytotoxic properties. The serum of animals receiving the total doses of CP above 400 mg/kg lost its effect on tumor growth. The doses of CP used did not affect cellular antitumor immunity (the cytotoxicity of the lymphocytes and resistance of the tumor to retransplantation.). PMID- 1115865 TI - Proliferation of the glandular epithelium of the resected rat stomach. AB - Between 45 and 50% of the wall of the gastric fundus was resected in adult male rats. By pulse labeling and 5 injections of thymidine-H-3 in the course of the 24 h an increase in the number of cells synthesizing DNA and the number of dividing cells of all types was found in the chief glands of the stomach during the first 3 days after resection. On the 5th-10th day the level of proliferation of all types of cells was lower than in intact animals except for the DNA-synthesizing parietal cells. The daily number ofDNA-synthesizing cells of all types 3-6 months after the operation had risen to the characteristic level for intact animals. The number of cells on the surface and pit epithelium and the number of mucous neck and parietal cells were increased. Partial reduction and dedifferentiation of the zymogenic cells were observed. PMID- 1115866 TI - Effect of local negative pressure on reproductive function. AB - Local negative pressure acting in the region of projection of the internal reproductive organs in rats widened and enlarged the network of blood vessels, thereby increasing the specific area of transcapillary exchange. Activation of ovulation was observed and the number of follicles and the number of young rats in the litter were increased. Local negative pressure had a positive action on the developing embryo, fetus, and newborn animal. PMID- 1115867 TI - The "memory" of salivary gland cells. AB - In experiments on dogs with a chronic fistual of the submandibular salivary gland intravenous or subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine at intervals of a few days was accompanied by a gradual increase in the volume of saliva, reaching a maximum after 5 injections. Retention of the 'trace' of the action of pilocarpine was observed also in experiments on a dog with vago-sympathetic anastomosis and subsequent parasympathetic denervation of the gland. PMID- 1115868 TI - Reaction of smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to an increase in functional load. AB - Changes in the muscle tissue of the caudal vena cava of rats and its branches after disturbance of the blood drainage were studied by the methods of isotope biochemistry, autoradiography, immunomorphology, and cytophotometry. Enlargement and polyploidy of the DNA-synthesizing muscle cells with activation of protein synthesis in them and the formation of intimal layers resembling the muscular layers were found in the main trunk of the vein which was dilated the most. Activation of DNA and protein synthesis in the less distended femoral vein was much less marked than in the main trunk. Activation of protein synthesis occurred after a delay compared with the activation of DNA synthesis but both processes were phases of development of hypertrophy of the muscle tissue of the vessel wall in response to increased functional loading. PMID- 1115869 TI - DNA synthesis in various cells of the exocrine part of the intact albino rat pancreas. AB - A differential count was made of the DNA-synthesizing cells in various parts of the exocrine epithelium of the intact pancreas of sexually mature male albino rats sacrificed 1 h after a single injection of thymidine-H3. The acinar cells showed low proliferative activity (0.18 plus or minus 0.05%). The highest labeling index was found in the epithelium of the ducts. However, the lining membrane of the ducts consisted of a heteromorphic system of cells with a varying level of DNA synthesis. The labeling index of the nuclei of the centroacinar cells was 2.5 times higher than that of the acinar epithelium and amounted to 0.48 plus or minus 0.17%, whereas the epithelium of the intercalary ducts had an extremely low labeling index: 0.09 plus or minus 0.09%, compared with 0.27 plus or minus 0.09% for the intralobular ducts and 0.50 plus or minus 0.08% for the interlobular ducts. PMID- 1115870 TI - The treatment of resistant malignant ascites by insertion of a peritoneo-atrial Holter valve. AB - Holter valves have been used in 9 cases to drain ascites, and in 1 case of pleural effusion, into the superior vena cava. All these effusions were due to malignant disease. Three patients died before the results of the operation could be assessed and in 1 case ascites rapidly recurred. Five patients were relieved until death from their primary disease. One patient died 3 1/4 years after insertion of the valve, but ascites had returned--probably as a result of recurrent blockage of the valve by particulate matter. PMID- 1115871 TI - Decreased incidence of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats by bile duct diversion. AB - Gastric mucosal ulceration was produced in rats following intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (40 mg/kg). The incidence of ulcerations was progressively reduced as the bile flow was diverted progressively distal to the ampulla of Vater. It is suggested that bile reflux into the stomach may play a part in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats. PMID- 1115872 TI - The aetiology of hypocalcaemia in acute pancreatitis. AB - Plasma calcitonin, glucagon and parathyroid hormone were measured in patients with acute pancreatitis. Plasma calcitonin was not detectable in 6 specimens obtained from the hypocalcaemic patients. Plasma glucagon values were similar in patients with acute pancreatitis and control subjects and were unrelated to hypocalcaemia, which was not even induced by glucagon infusion. High or rising parathyroid hormone levels were noted in association with hypo-and normocalcaemia, suggesting that parathyroid hormone rises and maintains plasma calcium within normal limits. Plasma parathyroid hormone was, however, undetectable in 8 patients with prolonged hypocalcaemia. Deficiency of parathyroid hormone due to its destruction by proteolytic enzymes or because of parathyroid gland exhaustion is suggested as the major factor inducing persistent hypocalcaemia in acute pancreatitis. Administration of parathyroid hormone should, therefore, be considered in patients with acute pancreatitis when hypocalcaemia does not respond to intravenous calcium therapy. PMID- 1115873 TI - An appraisal of peritoneal lavage in the diagnosis of the acute abdomen. AB - Forty-seven selected patients presenting with acute abdominal symptoms were investigated by examination of the fluid obtained by peritoneal lavage. In 34 patients this confirmed the clinical diagnosis, in 11 it was a more positive help in that it corrected an erroneous clinical diagnosis and in 2 the results of the investigation were misleading. PMID- 1115874 TI - Abdominal lavage in blunt trauma. AB - A technique for abdominal lavage is described and was used to evaluate the abdomen of 671 multiple trauma victims. In 44 per cent (299 cases) there was a bloodstained return and these were regarded as positive. Patients with a positive result underwent exploratory laparotomy which revealed that 89 per cent had significant intra-abdominal trauma requiring a surgical procedure, 8 per cent had trauma which did not require any active surgical correction and 3 per cent had no abdnormal findings. Of all the lavages performed, there were 0-11 per cent false positive and 0-03 per cent false negative results. The value of the test in the context of multiple trauma is emphasized. PMID- 1115875 TI - Extrinsic duodenal obstruction in infants and children. AB - A series of 34 patients with extrinsic duodenal obstruction is described. The diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Five infants died and the findings are given. The remaining 29 have progressed normally. PMID- 1115876 TI - Complete disappearance of popliteal arterial thromboses in 2 patients. AB - Two young male patients with complete spontaneous resolution of popliteal thrombosis are described. The thromboses had been present for roughly 3 1/2 and 4 months. Such resolution has not been previously reported. The cause of the lesions is unexplained. It is suggested, should such a lesion be encountered, that the correct treatment is exploration to exclude adventitial cysts and popliteal entrapment, and simple evacuation of clot and anticoagulation. PMID- 1115877 TI - Long term review of the results of rubber band ligation of haemorrhoids. AB - A long term assessment (mean 4.8 years) of the value of rubber band ligation treatment for haemorrhoids has been obtained by a questionnaire answered by 125 of 147 patients. Eighty-nine per cent of patients were cured or satisfied with the results of treatment, although complete absence of symptoms was only obtained in 44 per cent. Further conservative treatment (rubber band ligation or manual dilatation) was required in 12 per cent and only 3 (2 per cent) have had a haemorrhoidectomy. Similar results were obtained for patients with the additional symptoms of pain and irritation, the presence of large skin tags and for the majority of third degree piles. PMID- 1115878 TI - Proceedings: Measured of Po2 in normal and ischaemic human skin. PMID- 1115879 TI - Proceedings: Pegnenolone metabolism as a prognostic guide in mammary carcinoma. PMID- 1115880 TI - Proceeding: Gastro-intestinal hormonal responses following massive small bowel resection. PMID- 1115881 TI - Proceedings: Haemostasis and healing following median sternotomy. PMID- 1115882 TI - Proceedings: The relationship between alcohol and head injury and its effect on the conscious level. PMID- 1115883 TI - Proceedings: Highly selective vagotomy for duodenal ulcer: is antrectomy needed for the hypersecretors? PMID- 1115884 TI - Proccedings: Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion after selective gastric vagotomy and pyloroplasty. PMID- 1115885 TI - Proceedings: A dumping provaction test. PMID- 1115886 TI - Proceedings: Effect of proximal gastric vagotomy and total vagotomy on the co ordination of electrical activity of the stomach and duodenum. PMID- 1115887 TI - Proceedings: Duodenal ulceration, gastric emptying, enteroglucagon release and abnormal oral glucose tolerance. PMID- 1115888 TI - Proceedings: The coexistence of dumping and duodenogastric reflux. PMID- 1115889 TI - Proceedings: The slowing of gastric emptying by intestinal hormones. PMID- 1115890 TI - Proceedings: Should preserved organs be continuously perfused? PMID- 1115891 TI - Proceeding: Perfusate lactic acidosis in the assessment of human cadaver kidneys. PMID- 1115892 TI - Proceedings: Combined surgery and Corynebacterium parvum for treatment of metastasizing tumour in mice. PMID- 1115893 TI - Proceedings: The action of subcutaneous and intravenous Corynebacterium parvum on the "lymphocyte trap". PMID- 1115894 TI - Proceedings: The relationship between gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure and gastro-intestinal hormone stimulation. PMID- 1115895 TI - Proceedings: Observation of gastric mucosal blood flow using 99Tc in rat and man. PMID- 1115896 TI - Proceedings: The interpretation of plasma gastrin results--an explanation. PMID- 1115897 TI - Proceedings: Salbutamol: effect on acid secretion and plasma gastrin in human subjects. PMID- 1115898 TI - Proceedings: Changes in plasma cortisol levels during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 1115899 TI - Proceedings: Direct effect of ethanol on the isolated canine pancreas. PMID- 1115900 TI - Proceedings: Femoropopliteal vein bypass: a new approach to assessing "run-off". PMID- 1115901 TI - Proceedings: Serum follicle-stimulating hormone estimation in the investigation of azoospermia. PMID- 1115902 TI - Proceedings: Serum, tissue and wound levels of two cephalosporins. PMID- 1115903 TI - Proceedings: The haemostatic effect of ethamsylate (Dicynene) in general surgery. PMID- 1115904 TI - Proceedings: The relationship between spleen size, clinical staging and histological features in breast cancer. PMID- 1115905 TI - Proceedings: A controlled clinical trial of three methods of perineal wound management following excision of the rectum. PMID- 1115906 TI - Proceedings: Operative mortality and postoperative morbidity of highly selective vagotomy. PMID- 1115907 TI - Proceedings: The radio-isotope hepatogram in the diagnosis of jaundice. PMID- 1115908 TI - Proceedings: The effect of some autonomic receptor agonists and antagonists on motor activity of the human ureter. PMID- 1115909 TI - Proceedings: Metabolic abnormalities in tumour-bearing animals. PMID- 1115910 TI - Proceedings: The role of prolactin in hypercalcaemia. PMID- 1115911 TI - Proceedings: The Doppler scan and deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 1115912 TI - Proceedings: cholelithiasis--a metabolic consequence of ileostomy. PMID- 1115913 TI - Proceedings: Emotional distress in patients attending a breast clinic. PMID- 1115914 TI - Proceedings: Surgery, the contraceptive pill and postoperative deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 1115915 TI - Proceedings: Salbutamol: inhibition of gastric ulceration in the rat. PMID- 1115916 TI - Proceedings: Non-invasive investigation for carotid arterial disease by comparison of the characteristics of the supra-orbital and upper limb arterial pulses. PMID- 1115917 TI - Proceedings: Radiation dosage in mammography. PMID- 1115918 TI - Proceedings: Selective denervation in the treatment of paralytic scoliosis based on electromyographic studies of erector spinae and quadratus lumborum. PMID- 1115919 TI - Trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy in disseminated carcinoma of the breast. AB - One hundred and eight patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast were treated by trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy and followed up for at least 1 year. The results were assessed both by clinical response and objectively by survival following hypophysectomy, as expressed by the survival ratio. The two methods showed close correlation. The results show that there is a variation in response relating to menopausal status and age at diagnosis, subsequent hormonal manipulaton and physical condition at hypophysectomy. Younger patients whose carcinoma is diagnosed after menopause carry a good prognosis, yet the older premenopausal patients, especially if their clinical condition is poor, do not benefit. Easily available clinical information can be a guide to prognosis. PMID- 1115920 TI - Raised intracranial pressure due to spinal tumours: 3 rare cases with a probable common mechanism. AB - Three cases are reported of raised intracranial pressure associated with spinal tumours. The theories which have been advanced to explain this complication are discussed and it is suggested that in many of the reported cases the underlying mechanism may have been intracranial spread of the tumour and not a blockage of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways with proteinaceous deposits, as has been widely maintained. Autopsy revealed the former process to have operated in 2 of the 3 cases and it may have done so in the third. Two cases had unusual features in common: they were malignant schwannomas (a very rare spinal tumour) and they had both developed within the field of irradiation given for benign conditions many years previously. PMID- 1115921 TI - Arteriographic exposition of the parathyroids. AB - Arteriographic exposition of the parathyroids in 52 patients consecutively referred for primary hyperparthyroidism is reported. Thirty-nine patients under went neck exploration. In 29 patients pathologic parathyroids were found. The arteriographic evaluation was based on observation of the course of the inferior thyroid artery and the presence of parenchymal opacification. Comparison of arteriography and surgical findings revealed that selective angiograpy of the inferior thyroid artery had a high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of pathologic parathyroids far exceeding that of a non-selective technique. PMID- 1115922 TI - Should we regard Hodgkin's disease as infectious? PMID- 1115923 TI - Transient ischaemic attacks. PMID- 1115924 TI - Editorial: Anaesthetists' environment. PMID- 1115925 TI - Hypotensive treatment for acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1115926 TI - Editorial: And about time too. PMID- 1115927 TI - Editorial: Brain death. PMID- 1115928 TI - Peak expiratory flow in youths with varying cigarette smoking habits. AB - Measurements of peak expiratory flow (P.E.F.) were done on 195 boys arriving at a detention centre, and again eight weeks later at the time of their discharge. During this time they took much physical exercise, and cigarette smoking and drug taking were not permitted. At the initial assessment there was an impairment of P.E.F. inversely proportional to the amount of cigarettes smoked which was statistically significant. There was a significant improvement in P.E.F. between reception and discharge in all groups of boys with varying smoking habits, all groups except the heavy smokers achieving near normal results after eight weeks. The heavier smokers improved more than the non-smokers or light smokers, but this difference was not statistically significant. Suggested reasons for this improvement are discussed. PMID- 1115929 TI - Early discharge of infants of low birth weight: a prospective study. AB - A total of 495 African infants of low birth weight were discharged from Harari Maternity Hospital, Salisbury, between October 1972 and September 1973. Criteria used for discharge were (a) no clinical evidence of disease, (b) satisfactory feeding by mouth (breast or bottle or both), and (c) stable temperature control under normal room conditions. Of the 495 babies 264 fulfilled these criteria when they weighed 1801-1900 g (group 1), 99 when they weighed 1901-2000 g (group 2), and 132 (group 3) when they weighed 2001-2500 g. The overall follow-up rate of those infants living in greater Salisbury was 85-5%, the health visitor playing an important contributory role in their progress, especially those in group 1. More than two clinic visits in the first four to five weeks after discharge were essential for continuing weight gain in groups 1 and 2 but not in group 3. The mean daily weight gain for all babies at the end of four to five weeks was 26 g. Readmission rates for babies in groups 1,2, and 3 were 9-5%, 1%, and 0-8%, respectively, the largest single cause for readmission being bronchopneumonia associated with hypothermia. Altogether 60% of the readmissions occurred during the two winter months (June and July). Hypothermia, associated with low environmental temperatures played a significant part in morbidity and mortality, and twins, particularly in group 1, had a mortality rate three times greater than singletons in the same group. In general, even in underdeveloped communities singleton babies born outside the winter months with reasonable clinic or home visiting facilities can be discharged at a weight of 1800 g or more. PMID- 1115930 TI - Persistent primary enuresis: a urodynamic assessment. AB - Videocystourethrography with synchronous pressure and flow-rate recordings has been carried out on 50 patients referred for the investigation of persistent primary enuresis. Urodynamic studies showed nocturnal enuresis to be associated mainly with normal detrusor function and nocturnal plus diurnal enuresis mainly with abnormal detrusor function. Evidence is presented which suggests that these two distinct types of enuresis occur de novo and do not overlap. Out of 18 of formerly enuretic male patients nine with abnormal detrusor function showed persistent nocturnal plus diurnal symptoms. PMID- 1115931 TI - Measurement of fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen in serum as aid to diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in outpatients. AB - A study of serum levels of fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen (F.R.-antigen) in outpatients presenting with clinical features suggesting deep vein thrombosis was undertaken. A raised serum level of this antigen (greater than 12 mg/1) is strong evidence in favour of the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. It is virtually conclusive evidence if other known causes of a raised level of the antigen are absent. On the other hand, a normal serum level of F.R.-antigen does not exclude even extensive thrombosis, and other objective techniques are required to substantiate the diagnosis. PMID- 1115932 TI - Termination of pregnancy with Utus paste: report of a fatal case. PMID- 1115933 TI - Surgery of violence. 1. Civilian bomb injuries. PMID- 1115934 TI - Follow-up of emergency ambulance calls in Nottingham: implications for coronary ambulance servie. AB - Information about patients in ambulance service records has been linked to that in the patients' hospital records in an attempt to make the most efficient use of a special ambulance service for patients suspected of having heart attacks. During one week 248 emergency (999) calls for an ambulance were made by the public in the city of Nottingham. The quality of information given to the ambulance centre was poor, and all four patients eventually found to have had a myocardial infarction were described as having collapsed. A further study of patients who were also described as having collapsed has led to a system which allows an ambulance controller to send a "coronary ambulance" only in answer to those emergency calls where there is a reasonable possibility that the patient has had a heart attack. PMID- 1115936 TI - Letter: Charcoal haemoperfusion in the management of severe poisoning. PMID- 1115935 TI - Letter: Induction of labour and perinatal mortality. PMID- 1115937 TI - Letter: The general practitioner and neonatal care. PMID- 1115938 TI - Letter: Problem of the dangerous offender. PMID- 1115939 TI - Letter: Discouraging smoking. PMID- 1115940 TI - Letter: Variations in carboxyhaemoglobin levels in smokers. PMID- 1115941 TI - Letter: Women doctors in the N.H.S. PMID- 1115942 TI - Letter: Erythema infectiosum. PMID- 1115943 TI - Letter: Fainting and anesthesia. PMID- 1115944 TI - Letter: HBAG in papular acrodermatitis of childhood. PMID- 1115945 TI - Letter: Single-dose tinidazole therapy for giardiasis. PMID- 1115946 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of "reflux oesophagitis". PMID- 1115947 TI - Letter: Economies in the N.H.S. PMID- 1115948 TI - Letter: Epipodophyllotoxin VP 16213 in acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 1115949 TI - Letter: Visual evoked potentials and transient ischaemic attacks. PMID- 1115950 TI - Letter: Displacement of a pacemaker. PMID- 1115951 TI - Letter: Time to see patients. PMID- 1115952 TI - Letter: Consultant contract. PMID- 1115953 TI - Letter: Dispensing practices. PMID- 1115954 TI - Letter: Earnings of junior and senior hospital staff. PMID- 1115955 TI - Blood transfusion libel. PMID- 1115956 TI - Editorial: Dangers of silent gall stones. PMID- 1115958 TI - Editorial: Unwanted chemicals in food. PMID- 1115957 TI - Editorial: Poliomyelitis today. PMID- 1115959 TI - Editorial: Home therapy for haemophilia. PMID- 1115960 TI - Lymphocyte reactivity in pregnant women and newborn infants. AB - The mitotic response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was determined in lymphocytes of mothers and their newborn infants obtained at delivery and seven days later by measuring the rate of 125 I-idoxuridine uptake into DNA in lymphocytes cultured in their own plasma and after washing and resuspension in fetal bovine serum. There was no difference in the unstimulated counts of maternal lymphocytes taken at delivery, whether unwashed or washed, compared with those from nonpregnant controls. With PHA stimulation the mitotic response of the maternal lymphocytes cultured in their own plasma was reduced compared with that of the control lymphocytes but washed maternal cells showed a similar response to the controls. These findings suggest that the reduced lymphocyte mitotic response to PHA in pregnancy is due to a plasma inhibitory factor This inhibition was not evident in maternal blood taken seven days after delivery. DNA synthesis in unstimulated cultures from newborn infants at birth and seven days after birth was greater than that in adult control cultures. With PHA stimulation the mitotic response of cord-blood lymphocytes cultured in their own plasma paralleled that of control lymphocytes but washed newborn cells showed a greater response. Thus plasma suppression similar to that observed in the mother seems also to affect infants at birth. This inhibition was not demonstrable in blood taken from infants of 7 days. PMID- 1115961 TI - Depression of bone marrow colony formation in gold-induced neutropenia. AB - Bone marrow culture in semi-solid agar was used to assess the proliferative activity and the response to sodium aurothiomalate of the myeloid precursor cells from patients during and after recovery from neutropenia associated with the use of this drug. Colony formation was reduced during the neutropenia and returned to normal after recovery. The rheumatoid process itself did not impair colony formation even in patients with Felty's syndrome. Sodium aurothiomalate inhibited colony formation by normal marrow in a dose-dependent manner. Bone marrow colonies from patients who had recovered from neutropenia induced by sodium aurothiomalate were not abnormally sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the drug in vitro. The metabolism of gold is probably altered in a small proportion of patients, which causes high local concentrations within the bone marrow leading directly to marrow depression. PMID- 1115962 TI - Post-transfusion purpura associated with unusual platelet antibody (anti-Pl-B1). PMID- 1115963 TI - Can colonic bacterial metabolites predispose to cholesterol gall stones? AB - The cholesterol content of biliary lipids increased significantly when 16 healthy volunteers ingested deoxycholic acid (DC) for two weeks in a daily dose of 100 150 mg. Serum cholesterol also fell significantly to 88% of the baseline levels. Since DC is formed in the colon we suggest that populations in whom there is a high colonic absorption of bacterially metabolized cholate--that is, DC--have an increased predisposition to cholesterol gall stones. PMID- 1115964 TI - Surgery of violence. II. Disaster procedures. PMID- 1115965 TI - Accident and emergency services in Russia. PMID- 1115966 TI - Assessment of clinical competence using objective structured examination. AB - To avoid many of the disadvantages of the traditional clinical examination we have introduced the structured clinical examination. In this students rotate round a series of stations in the hospital ward. At one station they are asked to carry out a procedure, such as take a history, undertake one aspect of physical examination, or interpret laboratory investigations in the light of a patient's problem, and at the next station they have to answer questions on the findings at the previous station and their interpretation. As they cannot go back to check on omissions multiple-choice questions have a minimal cueing effect. The students may be observed and scored at some stations by examiners using a check list. In the structured clinical examination the variables and complexity of the examination are more easily controlled, its aims can be more clearly defined, and more of the student's knowledge can be tested. The examination is more objective and a marking strategy can be decided in advance. The examination results in improved feed-back to students and staff. PMID- 1115967 TI - Letter: Victims of rape. PMID- 1115968 TI - Letter: deaths in the dental chair. PMID- 1115969 TI - Letter: The short-statured child. PMID- 1115970 TI - Letter: Malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 1115971 TI - Letter: Not only Leeds but also... PMID- 1115972 TI - Letter: Reorganization and nurse training. PMID- 1115973 TI - Letter: Community health specialists. PMID- 1115974 TI - Letter: Diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 1115975 TI - Letter: Linoleic acid in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 1115976 TI - Letter: Children's worms. PMID- 1115977 TI - Letter: Lassa fever. PMID- 1115978 TI - Letter: Other health services. PMID- 1115979 TI - Letter: Proton beam therapy for acromegaly. PMID- 1115980 TI - Letter; Private beds in N.H.S. hospitals. PMID- 1115981 TI - Letter: Consultant contract. PMID- 1115982 TI - Letter: Crisis in the Health service. PMID- 1115984 TI - Letter: Supplementary charges. PMID- 1115983 TI - Letter: Junior hospital doctors' contract. PMID- 1115985 TI - Letter: Technicians and doctors. PMID- 1115986 TI - Medical records and confidentiality. PMID- 1115987 TI - Histochemical mapping of catecholamine neurons and fiber pathways in the pontine tegmentum of the dog. AB - The distribution of catecholamine-containing neurons and fiber pathways were studied in the dog's pontine tegmentum by the Falck-Hillarp method. There are fundamental similarities between the dog and other mammals. Most catecholamine fluorescent cell bodies in the dog are located within the nucleus locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus in the pontine tegmentum. They are more diffuse and extensive than in the rat, monkey and human, and rather similar to those of the cat. In this study, catecholamine fiber pathways were clearly traced without using the lesion-degeneration technique. The dorsal pathway from the locus coeruleus consists of more compact bundles of non-varicose fibers than the rat, cat and monkey. It runs parallel to the mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve in pons and midbrain. The ventral pathway courses as loosely arranged varicose fibers in the midreticular formation of the pons and sends axon collaterals to the caudal midbrain to form a dense network of varicose fibers. There are fluorescent plexi of fine varicose fibers at the ventromedial and dorsolateral aspect of the superior cerebellar peduncle. Cells of the medial and lateral parabrachial nucleus, in addition to those of locus coeruleus, send fluorescent fibers to this peduncle. No fluorescent fibers are found in other peduncles. PMID- 1115988 TI - Possible neural basis of brightness magnitude estimations. PMID- 1115989 TI - Discriminative control of behavior by electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus: generalization to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). PMID- 1115990 TI - The antagonist effect of alpha-amino-pimelic acid on glutamate-induced inhibitions of Helix neurones. PMID- 1115991 TI - In vivo labeling of cytoplasmic RNA in neurons of the immature brain cortex. PMID- 1115992 TI - Subcellular fractionation of rat cerebellum: an electron microscopic and biochemical investigation. III. Isolation of large fragments of the cerebellar glomeruli. AB - By a combination of differential and sucrose density gradient (both discontinuous and linear) centrifugation, large fragments of the cerebellar glomeruli were isolated in high purity from hand homogenised tissue. The final preparation contained only about 1% of the tissue protein, but over 90% of its volume was accounted for by the glomerulus particles. The ultrastructure of the glomerulus particles was well preserved. The enzyme profile was characteristic: the glomerulus particles were enriched in glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity (relative specific activity (RSA), 2.54), but the RSA of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) was only 1.05. These findings are consistent with the view that GAD activity is very high in the inhibitory Golgi terminals, which occupy only a small fraction of the total volume of the particles, and acetylcholine may be a transmitter only in a relatively small fraction of the mossy fibre terminals. The glomerulus particles also contained a high concentration of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity (RSA, 1.91), whereas the RSA of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was only 1.15. The great asset of this preparation for future investigations is that it is composed almost exclusively from pre- and postsynaptic neuronal structures. Fractions containing neuropil fragments of non-glomerular origin were also obtained, but the profile of the estimated enzymes did not indicate unique characteristics. PMID- 1115993 TI - Instrumentation and technique for beveling fine micropipette electrodes. PMID- 1115994 TI - Effects of litter size on protein, choline acetyltransferase (cat), and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) of a mouse sympathetic ganglion. AB - Litters of 5, 10 and 17 pups were formed at birth. At 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 days after birth mice were weighed and the cervical superior ganglia were examined for total protein and for CAT and DBH activities. At each age, the parameters examined were fitted into regression lines on the reciprocal of the litter size (L.S.R.); a highly positive correlation was found at each age between body weight and L.S.R., with maximum differences at weaning (day 21) followed by partial recovery after ad libitum feeding until day 60. A positive correlation was also found for total ganglion protein at days 21 and 28, with recovery practically completed at day 60. For CAT activity a positive correlation with L.S.R. appeared at day 14, with increasing coefficient and significance in later periods, until day 60. The temporal pattern of DBH activity for the 5-pup litter showed a peak at day 21, followed by a 35% decrease at day 28, with a steady level until day 60. A similar trend was observed for the 10- and 17-pup litters, but the peak occurred at day 28. Significant differences were found as early as day 7 between the 5- and the 17-pup litters, the maximum differences in the 3 experimental conditions being found at weaning, with a high and significant correlation coefficient, which persisted at day 60. Thus, the biochemical development and maturation of both presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals and postsynaptic adrenergic neurones was evidently affected by the itter size during the suckling period, with persistent effects. PMID- 1115995 TI - The freezing lesion. III. The effects of diphenylhydantoin on potassium transport within nerve terminals from the primary foci. AB - Possible mechanisms by which dephenylhydantoin (DPH) controls seizures were examined. The effects of intraperitoneal DPH on seizure discharges within epileptogenic freeze lesions were correlated with DPH action on in vitro potassium uptake within synaptosomes isolated from the same freeze foci. When in vivo DPH suppressed seizure discharges, it stimulated in vitro potassium uptake within synaptosomes incubated in a high-Kplus (10 mM) media. With 2-5 mM Naplus and 10mM Kplus, DPH stimulation of synaptosome potassium uptake was reversed by ouabain. With 50 mM Naplus and 10 mM Kplus, DPH stimulation of potassium uptake was not reversed by ouabain. In low-Kplus (0.2-5 mM) media, DPH did not affect potassium uptake even when sodium concentrations were varied at 10-100 mM. In sham-operated controls and in non-epileptogenic lesions, the effects of DPH on synaptosome potassium uptake were identical to those previously reported in normal brains. These results strongly suggest that DPH controls the epileptogenic state by stimulating potassium uptake within synaptic terminals. DPH controls the epileptogenic state by stimulating potassium uptake within synaptic terminals. DPH enhances synaptic potassium uptake by stimulating the (Naplus-Kplus) pump and a second potassium uptake process which is insensitive to ouabain. PMID- 1115996 TI - Diversity of coding profiles of mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin of kittens. AB - We examined stimulul-response (S-R) profiles of 35 single mechanoreceptive afferent units having small receptive fields in glabrous forepaw skin of 24 anesthetized domestic kittens. Single unit activity was recorded with tungsten microelectrodes from cervical dorsal root ganglia. The study was designed to be as quantitatively descriptive as possible. We indented each unit's receptive field with a broad battery of simple, carefully controlled stimuli whose major parameters, including amplitude, velocity, acceleration, duration, and interstimulus interval were systematically varied. Stimuli were delivered by a small probe driven by a feedback-controlled axial displacement generator. Single unit discharge data were analyzed by a variety of direct and derived measures including dot patterns, peristimulus histograms, instantaneous and mean instantaneous firing rates, tuning curves, thresholds for amplitude and velocity, adaptation rates, dynamic and static sensitivities, and others. We found that with respect to any of the S-R transactions examined, the properties of our sample of units were continuously and broadly distributed. Any one unit might exhibit either a slow or rapid rate of adaptation, or might superficially appear to preferentially code a single stimulus parameter such as amplitude or velocity. But when the entire range of responsiveness of units to the entire stimulus battery was surveyed by a variety of analytic techniques, we were unable to find any justifiable basis for designation of discrete categories of S-R profiles. Intermediate response types were always found, and in general, all units were both broadly tuned and capable of responding to integrals of several stimulus parameters, our data argue against the usefulness of evaluating a unit's S-R coding capabilities by means of a limited ste of stimulation of response analysis procedures. PMID- 1115997 TI - 6-hydroxydopa during development of central adrenergic neurons produces different long-term changes in rat brain noradrenaline. AB - 6-hydroxydopa (6-OH-DOPA) administered to rats during their early development produces long-term modifications in the content of brain noradrenaline (NA) which have regional differences. An increase in brain stem NA is observed when the rats are exposed to the drug between the day 14 of gestation and the 9th postnatal day. When 6-OH-DOPA is injected subcutaneously on the 13th postnatal day or later, there is a decrease in brain stem NA. On the other hand, the content of NA in the telediencephalon is depleted for the first time in rats exposed to the drug during the day 16 of gestation, the decrease is more evident when the injection is done on days 17 or 18 and the effect is also marked when the drug is administered in the period between the day of birth and the 20th day of age. These results indicate that 6-OH-DOPA exerts different effects during the process of development and that the increase in brain stem NA is not solely dependent on the depletion produced in the forebrain because both phenomena are temporally dissociated. The adrenergic neurons injured by the drug, most probably respond in such a way that leads to an increase in brain stem NA only during the period in which they are under the influence of the factors controlling their physiologic development. PMID- 1115998 TI - Effect of gonadal hormones on enzyme activities in brain and pituitary of male and female rats. AB - Gonadectomized male and female rats were treated with equimolar doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) or testosterone pripionate (TP) daily for one week and enzyme activities were measured in the basomedial hypothalamus, corticomedial amygdala, and pituitary. In females, the hypothalamus showed estrogen-dependent increases in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). Activities of ICDH and MDH were elevated in the amygdala. In the pituitary, estrogen administration resulted in increased levels of G6PDH, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). The estrogen antagonist, MER-25, effectively blocked estrogen-dependent increases in pituitary G6PDH and 6PGDH. Administration of TP did not result in changed enzyme levels. In males, treatment with EB and TP resulted in significant elevations in some but not all enzymes that were increased by EB in the female. Estrogen-dependent increases of activity in males were noted in pituitary G6PDH, 6PGDH, and LDH, in hypothalamic MDH, and in amygdaloid ICDH. Administration of TP led to increased levels of pituitary G6PDH, 6PGDH, LDH, ICDH, and MDH, hypothalamic ICDH and G6PDH, and amygdaloid MDH. The pattern of enzyme changes found in male and female brain and pituitary is discussed in relation to behavioral responses to gonadal hormones, nuclear uptake of gonadal hormones, and metabolism of androgen. PMID- 1115999 TI - Effect of gonadal steroids on activities of monoamine oxidase and choline acetylase in rat brain. AB - Gonadectomized male and female rats were treated with equimolar doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) and testosterone propionate (TP) daily for periods of 3 days to 1 week and activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) were measured in the cortex, hippocampus, basomedial hypothalamus, corticomedial amygdala and medial preoptic areas. After hormone treatment, changes in enzyme activities were found in those brain regions where gonadal hormones are known to affect sexual behavior and/or gonadotropin release and which contain putative hormone receptor sites. More specifically, EB administration to females resulted in decreased activity of MAO in the corticomedial amygdala and basomedial hypothalamus and an elevation of ChAc activity in the medial preoptic area and corticomedial amygdala while TP administration did not alter enzyme levels in any brain region. In contrast, EB administration to castrated males was without significant effect on enzyme activities while TP administration resulted in increased activity of MAO and ChAc in the medial-preoptic area. The estrogen antagonist, MER-25, given concomitantly with EB, effectively blocked EB-dependent changes in both enzymes in ovariectomized female rats. EB treatment to hypophysectomized females led to similar enzymatic changes as in ovariectomized females in all areas except the basomedial hypothalamus. Estradiol added directly to the enzyme incubation medium did not result in altered enzyme activities. Results obtained are discussed in relation to sexual differentiation of the brain, metabolism of gonadal hormones, and possible mechanism of gonadal hormone regulation of enzyme activities. PMID- 1116000 TI - Changes in proteolytic enzymes and proteins during maturation of the brain. AB - (1) Changes during development in the levels of proteinases and peptidases were measured in brain homogenates. At all ages di- and tripeptidase levels were 7-15 fold higher than proteinase activity. (2) Cathepsin A and D and neutral proteinase activity first decreased (during the 5 days before birth) and then increased (primarily during the first 10 days after birth) in development. The total enzyme content per unit weight of brain did not change greatly after 10 days, although specific activity fell owing to an increase in protein in older animals. (3) The developmental pattern of activities or peptidases measured with Leu-Gly and Leu-Gly-Gly and of arylamidases measured with Arg- and Arg-Arg-beta naphthylamides was similar to that of proteinases. Total and specific activities increased rapidly after birth; then total activity did not change and specific activity decreased. (4) The proteinase content of tissue fractions (nuclear and lysosomal-mitochondrial) similarly reached a maximal peak in the rapid growth phase of the brain. (5) The decrease of hydrolytic activity after 10 days of age seems to parallel a decrease in the rates of protein breakdown in vivo, showing parallel behavior with decreasing protein turnover. In contrast, during the first 10 days of life protein turnover and calculated rate of protein breakdown in vivo decrease while the level of hydrolytic enzymes increases. PMID- 1116001 TI - Functional correlates of low molecular weight peptide synthesis in Aplysia neurons. AB - An attempt was made to determine whether the synthesis of low molecular weight proteins by certain neurons of Aplysia could be correlated with either pacemaker activity or neurosecretion. Electrophysiological tests indicated that the spontaneous generation of action potentials in cells L8 and L9 is due to an endogenous pacemaker mechanism. Gel electrophoresis of proteins synthesized by these neurons showed no evidence of low molecular weight material. The non neurosecretory interneuron L10 synthesizes a 12,000 dalton protein, whereas the silent neurosecretory cell L5 synthesizes a lower molecular weight peptide. Taken with previous findings, these results indicate that there is no correlation between pacemaker activity and the synthesis of these peptides. There is, however, a strict correlation between neurosecretory activity and the synthesis of proteins of molecular weights lower than 12,000 daltons. PMID- 1116002 TI - Changes in side preference during unilateral electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus in rats. PMID- 1116003 TI - Puromycin and cycloheximide as inhibitors of human brain acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 1116004 TI - Comparative studies on synaptosomes: high-affinity uptake and acetylation of N (Me-3H)choline and N-(Me-3H)n-hydroxyethylpyrrolidinium. PMID- 1116005 TI - Equivalent stimuli for stripes in rats with striate cortex ablations. AB - The purpose of the experiment was to determine which features of a visual discrimination task were used by rats with total striate cortex ablations. The task was vertical black and white stripes versus grey matched in flux. Probe trials were inserted in which stripes of two different orientations or a speckled pattern were substituted for either the positive or negative stimulus. It was found that the destriated rats were normal in response to stripes of different orientations, but showed a deficit with the speckled pattern. A finer analysis suggests that the latter finding reflected an increased preference for the speckled pattern by the destriated group. PMID- 1116006 TI - Hyperdipsia induced by bilateral destruction of the locus coeruleus in rats. AB - Bilateral lesions in the locus coeruleus (LC) of rats induced a urinary disorder and hyperdipsia. Dilatation of the urinary bladder, urinary retention and hematuria with bleeding originating from the urinary bladder, occurred immediately after the lesioning and continued for 2-5 days. Water intake increased 4 days after the lesioning. This hyperdipsia persisted for at least 4 days and then gradually returned to the control level. Food intake decreased for the first 5 days, and then returned to the control level. Lesions in the ascending dorsal bundle (DB) originating from the LC also produced hyperdipsia, but not urinary disorder. Destruction of the ascending ventral vundle (VB) originating from the noradrenaline (NA) neurons in the medulla oblongata did not affect eating, drinking or urination. The LC- or DB-lesioning caused a significant reduction of NA in the whole forebrain except the hypothalamus, whereas VB-lesioning caused reduced NA in the hypothalamus. In LC-lesioned animals, no significant changes were observed in serum osmolarity, Na+, K+, albumin and glucose in serum, or in the excretion of urine in the water-loading test. PMID- 1116007 TI - The cerebral blood distribution in dogs and cats. An anatomical and functional study. AB - On the basis of corrosion preparations and of microsphere studies, the following characteristics of the canine and feline cerebral circulation were observed. (1) In cats, a greater part of the vertebral arterial blood goes to the brain and it is more specifically restricted to the ponto-medullary and cerebellar structures. These structures received approximately 3 times more microspheres in cats than in dogs. (2) In dogs, an important amount of vertebral blood goes to the neck muscles, and the intracranial vertebral blood supply is spread over a greater area of the brain, including the thalamo-hypothalamic and posterior cortical zone. (3) In cats the thalamo-hypothalamic area receives a greater amount of blood via the common carotid artery than in dogs. (4) In both animal species, the vascular connections between the left and right side of the brain are more extensive in the vertebral than in the carotid bed. However, for either vascular bed, a more important left to right transmission was found in the dog. PMID- 1116008 TI - Intracranial pressure increase and changes in microcirculation of the pial and iridial vessels in correlation to EEG, ECG, and arterial blood pressure. AB - Controlled intracranial pressure increase was produced in 120 female albino rats by infusing homologous blood and saline solution into the cisterna magna. The behaviour of the brain current, cardiovascular system, and microcirculation of the iridial and pial vessels immediately after pressure increase was examined simultaneously. A direct correlation could be demonstrated between the decrease in brain electrical potentials and the intracranial pressure applied at a time of maximal cardiovascular stimulation. Different pathological mechanisms have been put forward, one of these being identified as pial arteriolospasms. Acting together with other factors these spasms might be responsible for the rapid drop in electrical activity of the brain current potentials. PMID- 1116009 TI - Amino acid incorporation into neurons and glia of guinea pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - After in vitro incubation of brain slices from guinea pigs in the intermediate (10 days postinduction) stage of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein was increased in a glial-enriched fraction. By the late (17-18 days postinduction) stage of the disease, when EAE symptoms were manifest, both the neuronal- and glial-enriched fractions showed increased specific activity of their total protein. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the increased leucine incorporation occurred in those proteins which labeled in a control material. After intraperitoneal injection of [3H]leucine the incorporated radioactivity was slightly increased in unfractionated brains from EAE animals. The neuronal-glial ratios for protein bound radioactivity indicated that the increased incorporation resided mainly in the glial population. PMID- 1116010 TI - The organization of specific thalamocortical projections to the posteromedial barrel subfield of the rat somatic sensory cortex. PMID- 1116011 TI - On the laminar organization of the anterior thalamus projections to the presubiculum in the guinea pig. PMID- 1116012 TI - The retrograde trans-synaptic control of the development of cholinergic terminals in sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 1116013 TI - Inhibitory influence of the nigrostriatal dopamine system on the striatal cholinergic neurons in the rat. PMID- 1116014 TI - Influence of potassium ions on accumulation and metabolism of (14C)glucose by glial cells. PMID- 1116015 TI - Memory interference and facilitation with posttrial amygdala stimulation: effect on memory varies with footshock level. PMID- 1116016 TI - Copulatory behavior in male rats following amygdaloid lesions. PMID- 1116017 TI - [Concerning the terminology of morphologic changes of the endometrium in dysfunctional bleeding]. PMID- 1116018 TI - [Significance of renal angiography in urotuberculosis]. PMID- 1116019 TI - [Effect of gilurytmal, isoprenalin and isoptin on atrioventricular conduction]. PMID- 1116020 TI - [Lambliasis--review of clinical informations]. PMID- 1116021 TI - [Evaluation of synovitis activity by 99m Tc-pertechnetate using the gammagraphic method]. PMID- 1116022 TI - [Histochemical and biochemical evidence of some enzymes in the synovial membrane from the knee joint]. PMID- 1116023 TI - [Fracture-dislocations of the hip joint]. PMID- 1116024 TI - [Notes on diagnosis and treatment of tendovaginitis stenosans de Quervain]. PMID- 1116025 TI - [Experiences with the treatment of fractures in the region of the knee joint]. PMID- 1116026 TI - [Concerning the characteristics of mitochondrial and soluble alanine aminotransferase of the liver of white rats]. PMID- 1116027 TI - [Quantitative methods of estimation of platelet factor 3]. PMID- 1116028 TI - [Anthropometric study of the extremities and development of the axial skeleton in fetuses in the 1st trimester]. PMID- 1116029 TI - [Potassium distribution and glycogen metabolism under muscle load in rats. II. Changes in muscle and liver lactate, glycogen and water]. PMID- 1116030 TI - [Our experiences with the sensitivity of staphylococcus aureus to lincomycin]. PMID- 1116031 TI - [Effect of heptachlorine on amidopyrine toxicity]. PMID- 1116032 TI - [Serological evaluation of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies after vaccination of labortory workers with yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis vaccines]. PMID- 1116033 TI - [Total arthroplasty of the knee]. PMID- 1116034 TI - [New ideas concerning the role of the parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in disorders of phosphocalcic metabolism]. PMID- 1116035 TI - Indicator media for microorganisms degrading chlorinated pesticides. AB - A bromocresol purple liquid indicator medium and an eosin-methylene blue agar have been developed for the demonstration and isolation of microorganisms able to degrade the chlorinated herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Plates of the eosin-methylene blue agar indicate individual 2,4-D-degrading bacterial colonies. Both indicator systems show the production of acid, presumably hydrochloric, during degradation of the 2,4-D in the media. Concentrations of 2,4 D required to give an acid reaction in media with varying concentrations of yeast extract were determined; the production of about 0.24 mmol of hydrochloric acid seems necessary to counteract the buffering effect of 100 mg of metabolized yeast extract. Acid production from the herbicide, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid(MCPA), which in the salt form could yield only small amounts of hydrochloric acid, was inconsistent. The two indicator media should be useful in investigations of the microbial degradation of other acid-yielding halogenated pesticides. PMID- 1116036 TI - Influence of temperature and salt concentration on the growth of a facultatively halophilic "Micrococcus" sp. AB - Growth characteristics of a facultatively halophilic strain of Micrococcus, capable of growth in medium containing no added NaCl and in medium containing 5.5 M NaCl, were studied over a range of salt concentrations and temperatures. Optimal growth occurred at 35C in a medium containing 1.0 M NaCl. In a medium containing 0.1 M NaCl, growth only occurred if the incubation temperature was less than 30C. No growth occurred if KCl, LiCl, NH4Cl, MgCl2, or sucrose was substituted for NaCl at 35C. A reexamination of bacteria previously described as moderate halophiles is suggested. PMID- 1116037 TI - In vitro and in vivo interactions between Erwinia amylovora and related saprophytic bacteria. AB - Under carefully controlled laboratory conditions, a highly virulent strain of Erwinia amylovora coinhabited susceptible host tissues with a yellow saprophytic bacterium, which was invariably isolated from fire blight infected trees, with or without producing symptoms of the disease depending on the status of a number of environmental factors, both climatic and physiological. In particular, variation of temperature and sucrose concentration determined, independently, the equilibrium of a readily reversible alternation of predominance of the two bacteria. It is suggested that E. amylovora may sometimes exist as an avirulent resident on the surface or within healthy host plants when environmental conditions favor growth of the yellow saprophyte rather than the pathogen. Such conditions, which are more likely to be obtained in midsummer and the fall, include temperature fall or rise below or above the optimum for E. amylovora, decreased humidity or diminution of sap flow, and increased sugar content in the host tissues. PMID- 1116038 TI - Kinetics of Naplus-dependent amino acid transport using cells and membrane vesicles of a marine pseudomonad. AB - Sodium ion is required for transport of L-alanine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) into cells and membrane vesicles of a marine pseudomonad. Initial rate data obtained at various Naplus and amino acid concentrations were tested for fit by least squares analysis to sequential and Ping-Pong equations. The sequential case is preferred statistically at the 99% confidence limit. Cotransport of AIB and Naplus in cells could not be detected, perhaps explained by efflux of Naplus shown to occur from these cells. The kinetic analysis is consistent with formation of a ternary complex involving Naplus and the amino acid. PMID- 1116039 TI - The effect of growth environment on the chloroform-methanol and alkali extractable cell wall and cytoplasm lipid levels of Mucor rouxii. AB - The distribution of chloroform-methanol and alkali-extractable lipids in the cell walls of aerobically grown filamentous cells from Mucor rouxii has been determined. The results have been compared with the corresponding lipid composition of yeast-like cells from M. rouxii, which can be produced in two ways: by growth under anaerobic conditions and by aerobic growth in the presence of 0.22% phenethyl alcohol (PEA). It was observed that in most cases the crude cytoplasmic fraction contained higher levels of several lipids (i.e., squalene, sterols, triterpenes, and fatty acids) than did the corresponding cell walls. The cell walls did, however, contain both "free" (chloroform-methanol extractable) and "bound" (alkali extractable) lipids although the relative amounts were markedly dependent on the cell growth environment. The aerobically grown filamentous cell walls contained higher levels of squalene, sterols, triterpenes, and fatty acids than did aerobically grown yeast-like PEA-induced cell walls and there was also considerable variation in the "free"/"bound" ratios of the various lipid components. The lipid levels in both the cell walls and cytoplasm of the anaerobically grown cells were considerably lower than those of the cells grown under aerobic conditions. In addition, the differences in the growth environment were also reflected in the compositions of the individual lipid fractions from both the cell wall and the cytoplasm fraction. PMID- 1116040 TI - The origin of fatty acids in the hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganism Mycobacterium vaccae. AB - The fatty acid pattern in Mycobacterium vaccae strain JOB5 was examined after growth on n-alkanes (C14-C18), 1-alkenes (C14-C18), 2- or 3-methyl octadecane, and 8-heptadecene. It was evident that monoterminal oxidation of n-alkanes was followed by beta-oxidation and that both parent fatty acid and products of beta oxidation were incorporated into cellular lipids. Radioactive experiments demonstrated that there was desaturation of long-chain fatty acids. There was no evidence of chain elongation. Growth on 1-alkenes resulted in the incorporation of fatty acids that were products of two primary modes of oxidation: (1) methyl group attack resulting in omega-unsaturated fatty acids and (2) double-bond attack resulting in the removal of one carbon from the substrate. Cells of strain JOB5 grown on 2- and 3-methyl octadecane contained the corresponding iso- or anteiso-fatty acids in significant quantity. Cells cultured on 8-heptadecene contained 8- and 9-heptadecenoic acids, 6- and 7-pentadecenoic acids, 9- and 10 methyl heptadecanoic acids, and 7- and 8-methyl pentadecanoic acids. Fatty acid composition (C13 to C19) was affected by substrate chain length and was additionally modified by cellular control mechanisms. PMID- 1116041 TI - Theoretical studies on the coexistence of competing species under continuous-flow conditions. AB - In continuous-flow environments, such as a chemostat, we find that, in theory, stable mixed populations of competing species obeying Monod/Michaelis-Menten growth kinetics (extended to more than one limiting substrate) cannot coexist unless the number of growth-limiting substrates is equal to or greater than the number of species. Additional restrictions on the relative values of the growth yield constants and input-substrate concentrations must also be satisfied. Examples of the theoretical growth of mixed cultures after initial inoculation in stable and unstable cases are presented. The ecological consequences of these findings are briefly discussed. PMID- 1116042 TI - A volatile factor inducing transmissible lysis in Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx and Olivier var. tritici Walker. AB - Filtered water extract of Gabalong soil with a recent history of take-all in wheat caused lytic plaques to form in agar cultures of a virulent strain of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The plaques resembled those produced by Bdellovibrio on plate seeded with bacteria. However, there was no evidence of the presence of bacteria, viruses, or mycoplasmas. The lytic factor was transmissible in culture filtrates to fresh subcultures of the fungus. Exposure of young healthy colonies to sublethal doses of ultraviolet light also induced transmissible lysis. The lytic factor was heat-stable, passed through a 25-nm filter, and was not affected by nuclease (enzymes) or severe irradiation with UV light. It also induced bysis in several other strains of G. graminis. Lysis was always preceded by a growth-stimulatory effect on the fungus. The lytic factor was active as a volatile chemical which induced transmissible lysis and continued to be formed, apparently as a self-perpetuating agent, in lysing cultures of the fungus. PMID- 1116043 TI - Some effects of petroleum on estuarine and marine microorganisms. AB - Degradation of mixed hydrocarbon substrate in a system comprising water from an environment relatively free of oil and a sediment inoculum from an oil contaminated site was significantly greater than when sediment from the non-oil contaminated environment served as inoculum. Mixed hydrocarbon substrate, however, was observed to have a limiting effect on the growth of autochthonous bacteria from the non-oil-contaminated estuarine source. Growth and cell yield were similarly reduced when marine sediment bacteria were cultured in seawater supplemented with mixed hydrocarbon substrate. The addition of a South Louisiana crude oil or a No. 2 fuel oil to water and sediment collected from a marsh area of Chesapeake Bay showed no limiting effects on growth of the total heterotrophic microbial flora when examined over a 28-day period. However, results of these studies indicate that the effects of petroleum on microoganisms should be examined carefully under conditions closely approximating those in situ. PMID- 1116044 TI - Measurement of bacterial and fungal contributions to respiration of selected agricultural and forest soils. AB - A technique using selective inhibitors was used to estimate the relative contributions of bacterial and fungal populations to the respiration of six soils and one litter sample. The ratios of bacterial to fungal respiration in the four agricultural soils, given in percentage of the total microbial activity, ranged from 10/90 to 35/65, with the average ratio being about 30/70. In the forest soils, the ratios were 20/80 and 30/70, and in a beech litter sample, the ratio was 40/60. The fungi clearly dominated in all samples. The ratios were not found to be pH related. The difficulties which had previously limited the use of selective inhibitors for in situ soil ecological investigations, such as insufficient inhibitor specificity, inhibitor inactivation or degradation, and errors of measurement caused by elimination of competitor populations, were either resolved or methodologically avoided in the experiments. Inhibitor selectivity was demonstrated using both mixed and pure cultures of microorganisms from each soil. Through the use of experiments with short incubation periods (6-8 h), problems with population shifts and inhibitor degradation were eliminated. PMID- 1116045 TI - Variation in the activity levels of selected enzymes of Erwinia amylovora 595 in response to changes in dissolved oxygen tension and growth rate of D-glucose limited chemostat cultures. AB - Chemostat cultures of Erwinia amylovora 595, grown in mineral salts-nicotinic acid medium at 30 degrees C, and limited by D-glucose concentrations in the presence of dissolved oxygen tensions (D.O.T.) greater than about 6mm Hg, became limited by oxygen availability below about 4 mm Hg. This latter limitation was accompanied by a marked increase in acid production as the D.O.T. was depressed. The transition between D-glucose- and oxygen-limitation was also characterized by a maximum in succinate oxidase activity, and a minimum in the in situ respiration. D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and D-fructose-1, 6 diphosphate aldolase showed small reductions in specific activity in the region 4 6 mm Hg D.O.T., but further reduction to 2 mm Hg resulted in a marked increase in the specific activity of aldolase. Malate dehydrogenase followed the converse trend, and attained very low activity levels when the D.O.T. decreased beyond the lower limits of detection. The in situ respiration was maximal at 2 mm Hg D.O.T., while potential respiration values were minimal at 2 mm Hg, and maximal at about 8 mm Hg D.O.T. The insitu respiration rate was proportional to dilution rate (D), in presence of excess oxygen, up to 0.18 h-1, after which a marked diminution occurred and continued until the wash-out rate was attained. Succinate oxidase activity decreased with increase in dilution rate, but remained constant above D equals 0.18 h-1. Malate dehydrogenase showed a persistent decline with increase in dilution rate, while D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate activity increased somehwat at higher dilution rates. The data are interpreted in terms of two transition points, at 6 and 2 mm Hg D.O.T., and of a change from respiratory to fermentative metabolism at low D.O.T., and at high dilution rates. PMID- 1116046 TI - A nutritional and taxonomic survey of Arthrobacter soil isolates. AB - One hundred and sixty Arthrobacter soil isolates, four groups of 40 from each of four soil types, and 17 Arthrobacter named strains were characterized on the basis of 203 different nutritional tests performed on each culture. One hundred and twenty-one compounds were examined as sole sources of carbon, 44 compounds as sole sources of nitrogen, 22 carbohydrates for the production of acid, and 16 tests were done for tolerance to various dyes. The four groups of soil arthrobacters differed markedly in acid production from carbohydrates, and in utilization of aliphatic amino acids and aromatic hydrocarbons as sole sources of carbon. The named strains did not exhibit as much nutritional diversity as any of the four groups of soil isolates. The results of the nutritional tests were subjected to a computerized taxonomic analysis. Eighty-four of the isolates were contained in nine separate clusters with 87 to 94% similarity; 39 isolates were contained in five mixed but recognizable clusters with 84 to 86% similarity; 60 isolates were randomly mixed with no recognizable clusters and similarity of 72 to 83%. All clusters were composed of nearly equal numbers of isolates from each of the four soils; the named strains were not found associated with any of the clusters of soil isolates. The results indicated that the diversity of the genus Arthrobacter is not represented by the named species already described, and the possibility of using a series of standardized tests to categorize soil arthrobacters into readily identifiable nutritional groups is discussed. PMID- 1116047 TI - A cluster analysis of some bacteria in the water column of Green Lake, Washington. AB - Mass inoculation and computer clustering techniques were used in an abbreviated procedure to group similar bacteria isolated from four depths in the water column of Green Lake, Washington. Four groups of bacteria were differentiable and were catagorized as orange-yellow Flavobacterium-Cytophaga, yellow Flavobacterium Cytophaga, Vibrio-Aeromonas-, and Pseudomonas-like. Some of the groups were most prevalent in certain sample depths in the water column. PMID- 1116048 TI - Reversal of fungitoxicity of 8-quinolinols and their copper (II) bischelates. I. Amino acids and related compounds. AB - The effect of amino acids and related compounds on the toxicity of 8-quinolinols and their copper (II) bischelates to Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 1011) Was studied. None of the compounds tested except the thiol-containing compounds, cysteine, cysteamine, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine reversed the inhibitory action of 8 quinolinol but not that of 5-iodo-8-quinolinol or bis (8-quinolinolato) copper (II). It appears that the mechanism(s) of fungitoxicity of 8-quinolinol is different from that of 5-iodo-8-quinolinol or bis(8-quinolinolato) copper (II.). PMID- 1116049 TI - The international system of measurement (SI) and medicine. PMID- 1116050 TI - Interpreting the rate of survival in carcinoma. AB - Carcinomas originate in one organ, spread away from that site, cannot be accurately staged, and require total ablation for cure. Cure is achieved when all of the tumour is located within the tissue ablated by the method used. The rate of survival indicates the proportion of patients with such localized disease. A comparison of survival rates is not a comparison of therapeutic accomplishments; it is a comparison of the cumulative localization of the tumours in different series. The superior method is that which ablates the primary tumour and the largest amount of surrounding expendable tissue at the earliest time. Selecting the method according to this principle rather than by a comparison of survival rates provides the highest prospect for cure. That is the purpose of treatment. PMID- 1116051 TI - Fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle in children. AB - A review of 50 children with fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle facilitated a simple classification of this injury and its management. The "apparent isolated" fracture of the medial humeral epicondyle is uncommon; it is more frequently associated with elbow dislocation, with or without spontaneous reduction, at the time of injury. Analysis of the results of treatment of medial humeral epicondylar fractures in this group of children showed that, in the case of those with an "apparent isolated" injury, treatment with a sling only gave good results in 90% whereas poorer results followed open treatment or fractures associated with dislocation. Closed treatment is therefore recommended. Open reduction is indicated only with (a) ulnar neuritis at the time of injury or (b) intra-articular fragment. PMID- 1116052 TI - Effects and prevention of frostbite in wound healing. AB - Observations on wounds sustained at subfreezing temperatures in husky dogs and in man suggested that exposed wet tissues readily become frozen. Frostbite of wounds caused tissue necrosis, wound sepsis and delayed healing, but immediate wound suture protected against this sequence. To explore the effect of wound closure on healing frostbitten tissue, healing of paired dorsal wounds was studied in 20 rats. In each animal one wound was sutured and the other was left open. In 10 animals both wounds were frozen with Dry Ice. All sutured wounds healed primarily. Most of the control open wounds had healed at 15 days, but in the frozen wounds healing was delayed and infection ensued. It is suggested that at temperatures much below freezing the immediate treatment of a wound should include prevention of frostbite by wound closure. PMID- 1116053 TI - Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma: reclassification of 43 cases using Schajowicz's classification. AB - Forty-three cases of benign osteoblastic tumour of bone from the University of British Columbia bone tumour registry have been reviewed and reclassified according to the classification of Schajowicz and Lemos. Their classification has the advantage that the relationship of the two lesions is recognized and overlap, both radiologically and microscopically, is allowed for. The terminology used in the new classification, however, is cumbersome and confusing and appears to be of no great advantage. We therefore recommend instead the terminology modified from that of Dias and Frost, which incorporates the observations put forth by Schajowicz and Lemos: (a) cortical osteoblastoma, (b) medullary osteoblastoma, (c) periosteal osteoblastoma and (d) multifocal osteoblastoma. PMID- 1116054 TI - Vascular compartment syndromes. AB - In a 5-year period (1968 to 1973) 33 cases of vascular compartment syndrome were seen. Seven case reports illustrate various etiopathogenetic factors in the development of vascular compartment syndrome. A review of the 33 cases has permitted discussion of the pathophysiology and clinical features of these syndromes, together with introduction of a clinical classification on which treatment is based. Mild cases may be treated by application of ice, elevation, and observation; for severe cases fasciotomy is the treatment of choice. Two techniques of fasciotomy are available: multiple skin incisions with fasciotomy between the incisions for single-compartment sydnromes and extensive skin incisions over the length of the fasciotomy for multicompartment syndromes or severe single-compartment syndromes. PMID- 1116055 TI - Esophageal reconstruction: an experimental approach to the control of reflux after esophageal resection. AB - A study of the properties of replacement gastric tubes and colonic segments, and their use in the prevention of reflux after esophageal resection indicates that, in order to prevent reflux, these tubes must be maintained in a subdiaphragmatic position. Gastric tubes have a higher intrinsic pressure barrier than colonic tubes--a 2.5- to 6-cm segment prevents reflux and the tube maintains a pressure barrier 10 cm H2O higher than stomach presure, whereas colonic segments require 12 cm of subdiaphragmatic length to control reflux and maintain a pressure barrier only 2 cm H2O above gastric pressure. Removal of the intrinsic pressure barrier by myotomy allows free reflux in tubes that previously had prevented reflux. PMID- 1116056 TI - Methymethacrylate cement: its curing temperature and effect on articular cartilage. AB - The increasing use of methylmethacrylate in orthopedic surgery makes it desirable to determine whether the curing temperature of methylmethacrylate is high enough to cause bone necrosis and whether methylmethacrylate damages articular cartilage. Studies in dogs showed that methylmethacrylate plut temperatures ranged from 95 to 107degrees C and that temperatures at the cement-bone interface ranged from 50 to 95degrees. Curing temperatures therefore are high enough to cause necrosis of bone. Other studies revealed no harmful action of methylmethacrylate on articular cartilage. Fractures stabilized with methylmethacrylate can therefore be expected to heal provided the normal criteria of fracture management are fulfilled. PMID- 1116057 TI - Pacemaker infections: a 12-year review. AB - In a 12-year period, 546 pacemaker-related operations were complicated by 23 infections (infection rate, 4.2%). Most of these infections were treated successfully, but two cases of infection were fatal. The most frequently encountered organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis. In 14 cases, infection occurred despite the preoperative administration of cloxacillin to which the organism was sensitive in 13 of the cases. The skin flora constitute the most likely source of contamination. The ideal treatment consists of removal of all foreign material and replacement with a new pacing system by an alternative route. PMID- 1116058 TI - Gastrocolic fistula complicating benign gastric ulcer: case report and review of literature. AB - A review of the literature and report of a case of benign gastrocolic fistula indicate that epigastric pain is the most frequent early symptom. Later, the predominant symptoms are diarrhea, weight loss and feculent vomiting. Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and taking steroids appear to be particularly at risk of developing a gastrocolic fistula. Barium enema is the most reliable method of demonstrating the fistula. Preferred management is a one-stage gastrocolic resection and primary anastomosis. PMID- 1116059 TI - [Emphysematous cholecystitis: presentation of two clinical cases]. AB - Emphysematous cholecystitis is relatively rare: in 1971 the cumulative total of cases reported in the world literature was 115. Two cases seen in the period 1967 to 1972 can be added. The features of these two cases, and those described in the literature support the view that emphysematous cholecystitis results from a primary obliterative endarteritis and a secondary proliferation of microorganisms. PMID- 1116060 TI - Antiestrogenic action of clomiphene citrate in goldfish. PMID- 1116061 TI - Morphological changes in the ovaries and other organs of the collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. PMID- 1116062 TI - A biometrical analysis of 22 stocks of four syngens of Paramecium aurelia. PMID- 1116063 TI - The glochidia of certain Unionidae (Mollusca) in Nova Scotia and their fish hosts. PMID- 1116064 TI - The energy cycle and thermal tolerance of the starlings (Aves, Sturnidae) in North America. PMID- 1116065 TI - Bionomics of Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae White, 1852 on auks (Alcidae) from Newfoundland. PMID- 1116066 TI - Seasonal changes in abomasal worms (Ostertagia spp.) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at Long Point, Ontario. PMID- 1116067 TI - Identification of iodoamino acids in the plasma and bile of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). PMID- 1116068 TI - Migration, growth, and morphogenesis of Dracunculus insignis (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea). PMID- 1116069 TI - Ultraviolet-induced histological and histochemical changes in the integument of newly molted American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Blattidae). PMID- 1116070 TI - Role of the caeca in Japanese quail energetics. PMID- 1116071 TI - Hormonal stimulation as an aid to artificial insemination in Ambystoma mexicanum. PMID- 1116072 TI - The effects of capture, "stress," and storage of whole blood on the red blood cells, plasma proteins, glucose, and electrolytes of the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). PMID- 1116073 TI - Comparison of regional blood distribution in Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) during torpor (summer), hibernation (winter), and arousal. PMID- 1116074 TI - Oral contraceptives and congenital limb defects. PMID- 1116076 TI - Letter: Community health clinics. PMID- 1116075 TI - Editorial: Myopia - genes or environment? PMID- 1116077 TI - Letter: Research by practising physicians. PMID- 1116078 TI - Letter: Absence of uterine adnexa. PMID- 1116079 TI - Letter: Introduction of "new" drugs. PMID- 1116080 TI - Letter: Iatrogenic and egogenic diseases. PMID- 1116081 TI - Letter: Amitriptyline and isoproterenol: fatal drug combination. PMID- 1116082 TI - Letter: Coccygodynia. PMID- 1116084 TI - Letter: Therapeutic abortion. PMID- 1116083 TI - Letter: The value of needling. PMID- 1116085 TI - A half-life of 5 years. PMID- 1116086 TI - Inuit myopia: an environmentally induced "epidemic"? AB - Among Inuit less than 30 years old the prevalence of myopia is far in excess of that of their elders. This is especially true for females. There seems to be little, if any, genetic contribution to this "epidemic" of myopia in the young. The age and sex distribution indicates the likelihood of an environmental factor, probably cultural, being responsible for the current pattern. Other data implicate school attendance as a possible etiologic factor. PMID- 1116087 TI - Electrocardiographic changes during exercise in asymptomatic men: 3-year follow up. AB - Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during maximal bicycle exercise and risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) were studied in 510 male civic employees who were followed for 3 years. Clinical CHD developed in 15 (24.6 percent) of the 61 men with an ischemic exercise ECG on the initial examination and in 11 (2.4 percent) of the 449 subjects with a normal initial exercise ECG. A normal maximal exercise ECG is no guarantee that severe CHD does not exist and that a subject will not soon sustain major myocardial damage; and an ischemic exercise ECG does not necessarily indicate underlying CHD. In the former group angina was the most frequent clinical CHD episode; in the latter group, infarction. Among those with an abnormal initial exercise ECG, CHD was most likely to develop in association with a poor exercise capacity. Subjects with subsequent clinical CHD and those with abnormal ECGs after 3 years tended to have a higher frequency of risk factors; subjects whose abnormal ECGs reverted to normal after 3 years tended to have a lower frequency of risk factors. PMID- 1116088 TI - Massive transplacental hemorrhage: clinical manifestations in the newborn. AB - Thirteen newborn infants had transplacental hemorrhage in excess of 30 ml. Fetal blood in the maternal circulation was demonstrated in all cases by the acid elution technique. Anemia was noted in five babies either at birth or within the first 24 hours of life. One baby was stillborn, the death possibly being related to fetal hemorrhage. The other seven babies were clinically normal in spite of massive transplacental hemorrhage. The hemoglobin values and reticulocyte counts were normal at birth and the first 5 days of life. The data on this group of babies suggest that the clinical manifestations of transplacental hemorrhage are related not only to the size of the hemorrhage but also to the time at which the hemorrhage occurs. PMID- 1116089 TI - Blood glucose in intoxicated chronic alcoholics. AB - Chronic alcoholics may present with hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Because alcohol induces glycogenolysis, chronic alcoholics usually have higher blood glucose values than do nonalcoholic subjects. In a prospective study of blood glucose concentration in 201 chronic alcoholics, blood alcohol concentration, sex, weight, type of beverage consumed and time since last eating were not generally associated with lower blood glucose values. The infrequency of hypoglycemia in ambulatory chronic alcoholics may reflect the relatively ready availability of hostels, detoxification centres and hospitals in large cities. It is, however, important to be aware of the possible occurrence of hypoglycemia in chronic alcoholics, particularly when community facilities for the chronic alcoholic are not available. PMID- 1116090 TI - Abdominal and endometrial actinomycosis associated with an intrauterine device. AB - Actinomycotic endometrial infection associated with an intrauterine device (IUD) complicated chronic abdominal inflammatory disease in a 28-year-old woman. Colonies of organisms with morphologic resemblance to and staining reactions of Actinomyces israelii were observed in tissue adherent to the IUD and in inflamed omental and pericolic tissues. However, the organism could not be cultured. Because intact tissues are resistant to actinomyces it is likely that the IUD created an environment favouring the establishment and growth of the organism. PMID- 1116091 TI - Self-conversion of drug-resistant paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. AB - A 56-year-old woman had paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) that was recurrent, drug-resistant and required frequent electroversion. The mode of onset and termination of initiated episodes of PAT suggested an AV junctional reentrant mechanism. The problem was successfully managed by a permanent electrode implanted transvenously in the coronary sinus and connected to a subcutaneous radio frequency receiver. For the past 24 months the patient has successfully terminated all episodes of PAT (at least 60) by activating an external radio frequency transmitter that transmits impulses to the implanted receiver and electrode catheter. Conversion to sinus rhythm requires 5 seconds or less of pacing. PMID- 1116092 TI - A case of polyarthritis. PMID- 1116093 TI - The way I see it: The "no resuscitation" order has grave legal as well as ethical, moral connotations. PMID- 1116094 TI - Medical dollars and data: collection and recollection. Part I: the evolution of fee schedules. PMID- 1116095 TI - Consumer viewpoint: At which end of the population should we aim efforts to change lifestyles? PMID- 1116096 TI - [The delivery of care: at the games of the 21st Olympiade, Montreal, 1976, no misgivings about health]. PMID- 1116097 TI - The family doctor in Canada. Part V: practising numbers. PMID- 1116098 TI - Paying the doctor: stick it on the mantlepiece. PMID- 1116099 TI - Paying the doctor: the cake is bottom-heavy. PMID- 1116100 TI - A combined modality approach to the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Preliminary results of a prospectively randomized clinical trial. AB - Eighty-seven previously untreated patients with pathologic Stage IA, II (A or B), or IIIA Hodgkin's disease were randomized over a 48-month period to receive either megavoltage extended field radiotherapy alone or megavoltage radiotherapy limited to involved lymph node sites (including at least an upper mantle field) followed by combination chemotherapy with nitrogen mustard, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine (MOPP). Four patients (4.6%) failed to achieve remission with initial radiotherapy. Seventy-two evaluable patients have currently completed therapy. Ten of 41 patients achieving remission with radiation alone have relapsed, compared to only 1 of 31 receiving radiation plus chemotherapy. Seven patients have died, 3 of whom failed to achieve remission with initial radiotherapy. The other 4 had Stage IIIA disease treated with radiation alone. Severe myelosuppression occurred infrequently during chemotherapy, and neither serious infections nor second neoplasms have observed. Although these preliminary results are encouraging, longer followup is required to determine the ultimate effects of combined modality therapy on survival and long-term complications. PMID- 1116101 TI - Hepatic artery ligation and postoperative chemotherapy for hepatic metastases: clinical and pathophysiological results. AB - Nineteen patients underwent hepatic artery ligation for metastatic cancer of the liver. Metastases were from colon cancer in 13 and from other primary cancers in 6. Postoperative chemotherapy was given to 15 by the systemic route, and to 1 by infusion into the ligated hepatic artery. Sixteen patients survived the procedure. In these patients, the mean survival of those with metastases from colon cancer was 27+ (5-72) weeks, and from other cancer 50+ (8-23) weeks. Among the patients evaluated, 57% had symptomatic improvement, 43% showed improvement in the liver scan, and 33% had a decrease in liver size. Our experience suggests that hepatic artery ligation can offer temporary but significant palliation in carefully selected patients. PMID- 1116102 TI - Biological markers in breast carcinoma. I. Incidence of abnormalities of CEA, HCG, three polyamines, and three minor nucleosides. AB - Patients with breast carcinoma were screened for abnormal concentrations of CEA, HCG, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, pseudouridine, N2, N2-dimethylguanosine, and 1-methylinosine. Abnormal polyamine levels occurred in less than 15% of the patients. Among the nucleosides, N2, N2-dimethylguanosine was the most frequently abnormal, occurring in 57% of the patients with metastatic disease. CEA levels were abnormal in 30% of postoperative N+ patients and 74% of patients with metastatic disease, while HCG elevations were found in 45% and 50%, respectively. All the patients with one or more marker abnormalities could be detected by measuring only CEA, N2, N2-dimethylguanosine, and HCG. Among these three tests, a singular marker abnormality occurred in 35.8% of the patients, and all three tests were abnormal in 21.8% of the patients. The performance of these three tests in each patient revealed one or more abnormalities 97% of the patients with metastatic disease, and 67% of the postoperative N+ patients. PMID- 1116103 TI - An effective low-dose intermittent cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5 fluorouracil treatment regimen for metastatic breast cancer. AB - A low-dose, three-drug regimen, C.M.F. (cyclophosphamide 50 mg, p.o., days 1-14; methotrexate, 25 mg, and 5-fluorouracil, 500 mg, i.v., days 1 and 8; cycled every 28 days) was used in 46 consecutive chemtherapy-eligible women (41 previously hormonally treated) with recurrent breast cancer. Thirteen percent of the patients had complete regressions (C.R.); 33% had partial regressions (P.R.); 26% stabilized; and 28% progressed. In evaluating response by sites of metastases, lymph nodes (30%), lung nodules (22%), and subcutaneous deposits (2/3) had the highest incidence of C.R.; 46-71% of patients with lymph node, lung, subcutaneous, liver, breast, or peritoneal disease showed C.R. or P.R. Skin and pleural disease responded in 30% of patients whereas no patients had radiographic healing of bony metastases. The toxicity was minimal: 7% gastrointestinal, 26% marrow-suppressive, and 7% infectious. This low-dose C.M.F. regimen resulted in regression resulted in regression rates similar to higher dose C.M.F. protocols, which use approximately twice these drug dosages with commensurate toxicity. PMID- 1116104 TI - Adriamycin plus vincristine compared to and combined with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil for advanced breast cancer. AB - The preliminary results of a controlled study with two independent combinations in metastatic breast cancer are reported. The first combination (Therapy A: 41 patients) consisted of Adriamycin (ADM) and vincristine (VCR), while the second combination (Therapy B: 41 patients) included cyclophosphamide (CTX), methotrexate (MTX), and 5-fluorouracil (FU), designated "CMF." Both treatments were administered as intermittent cycles in patients previously untreated with chemotherapy. After eight cycles, responsive patients on Therapy A were crossed over to Therapy B to avoid the risk of cardiomyopathy. In both groups, crossover was carried out at the time of progression or relapse. In the group given ADM plus VCR, the dominant site of disease was in soft tissues in 56%, in viscera in 22%, and in bones in 22%. These findings were present in 51%, 24%, and 24%, respectively in the group started on CMF. The comparison of response after primary treatment in patients receiving a minimum of two cycles failed to show a significant difference between Therapy A and Therapy B (overall response 58% vs. 65%). When the response rate was calculated only in patients who had completed the first eight cycles of therapy, these findings were 87% and 93%, respectively. Three patients receiving treatment A (8%) AND 4 patients given Treatment B (10%) achieved complete remission. The highest incidence of response was observed for soft tissue lesions (70% vs. 76%). However, complete or partial bone recalcification was seen in 33% and 24%, respectively. The duration of response was found to be longer in patients who crossed over to CMF after eight cycles of ADM plus VCR, as compared to those started and continued on CMF. No cross resistance was observed after crossover for progressive disease. Both incidence and degree of side effects were found acceptable, and no drug-related death was seen. Virtually all patients were treated on an outpatient basis. PMID- 1116105 TI - Systemic chemotherapy of advanced head and neck malignancies. AB - Several Phase II chemotherapy protocols were evaluated in patients with advanced malignancies; 158 were evaluable head and neck cases. The protocols were as follows: five-drug combination (COMFP), four-drug (COMF), (CCNU, Adriamycin, DTIC, and cytosine arabinoside. Insufficient numbers and data were received to adequately evaluate Yoshi 864, 5 Azacytidine, porfiromycin, BCNU, and Azaserine. Significant responses to therapy were noted in the four and five-drug combinations in which 30-44% of the patients had 50% or greater regression, with an average duration of 2.2 months. Adriamycin and CCNU demonstrated lesser antitumor effects, while DTIC and cytosine arabinoside did not demonstrate significant antitumor activity in the head and neck areas. Usual toxicity consisted largely of nausea and vomiting, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Alopecia was not pronouced in Adriamycin-treated patients. It appears that combination chemotherapy had a higher response rate compared to single agents used in the different cooperative protocols. PMID- 1116106 TI - A phase II study of methyl CCNU in the treatment of solid tumors and lymphomas: a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - In March of 1972, the Southwest Oncology Group initiated a Phase II study, No. 7200, utilizing methyl-CCNU in the treatment of patients with solid tumors and lymphomas. Initially, they received 200 mg/m2 orally as a single dose every 6 weeks. The dose was subsequently reduced in poor-risk patients to 150 mg/m2. There were 69 responses noted in 675 evaluable patients (10%). The highest response rates were noted in patients with Hodgkin's disease (13/31, 35%), malignant gliomas of the brain (8/29, 28%), anaplastic carcinomas of the lung (5/20, 25%), and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (5/29, 17%). Squamous cell tumors appeared to be more responsive than adenocarcinomas (15% vs. 5%, respectively). Hematologic toxicity was cumulative, and was influenced by dose and prior treatment. There appeared to be no cross-resistance in patients previously treated with alkylating agents. Methyl-CCNU is an active antineoplastic agent. Further studies are indicated in order to determine relative effectiveness. PMID- 1116107 TI - The efficacy of combining radiation therapy with a surgical procedure in patients with cervical metastasis from squamous cancer of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. AB - To determine whether combining radiation therapy and a surgical procedure was superior to either modality alone, the authors reviewed the records of 345 patients who had primary cancers of the base of the tongue, tonsillar fossa, or pyriform sinus associated with clinically positive nodes at the time of their first observation. Combining the two modalities of therapy produced a local and regional control of the disease in twice as many patients as did one modality alone. The absolute 5-year survival did not reflect this same trend, however, since as local and regional control increased, more patients lived longer but died before five years from distant metastases. Immunochemotherapy is suggested as a possible adjunct therapy to prevent distant metastases. PMID- 1116108 TI - Colonic neoplasms complicating ureterosigmoidostomy. AB - A benign reactive polyp developed at each ureteral implantation in the sigmoid colon following bilateral ureterosigmoidostomy for exstrophy of the bladder. The first polyp was discovered 23 years after the operation. The second polyp occurred 4 years later at the other ureteral orifice. Each polyp contained benign cystic glandular epithelium within the submucosa and the stalk. These submucosal cysts resembled colitis cystica profunda, except that they were confined to the pedunculated polyps. A complete review of the literature of neoplasms complicating ureterosigmoidostomy is presented. It is concluded that a benign or a malignant colonic tumor may develop at the site of the ureterocolic anastomosis many years later. Therefore, patients who undergo this operation should be followed for the rest of their lives. PMID- 1116109 TI - Risk of second tumors in survivors of childhood cancer. AB - A new malignancy was diagnosed in 19 of 414 long-term survivors of cancer in childhood. All but two lesions were attributable to prior radiotherapy; eight were successfully treated. Excluding 4 patients ascertained in connection with the second malignancy, there were 15 in the series who developed a new cancer, in contrast to 0.7 cases expected (p less than 0.001). The 20-year (5-24 years after initial diagnosis) cumulative probability of a second cancer was 12% (S.E. 4%), and the radiation-related cancer rate was 1.8 cases in exposed tissues per million person-years per rad. Host susceptibility may have had an etiologic role, but an oncogenic effect of chemotherapy was not demonstrable. Another 13 study patients developed benign tumors. These findings emphasize the importance of long term surveillance of children with cancer. PMID- 1116110 TI - Association of asbestos and bronchogenic carcinoma in a population with low asbestos exposure. AB - Quantitative counts of ferruginous bodies were performed on digests of lungs from 100 control and 30 lung cancer patients. It was found that the lung cancer group had significantly higher levels, although only 1 patient was known to be occupationally exposed to asbestos. It is suggested that even extremely low levels of asbestos exposure may have a carcinogenic effect. PMID- 1116111 TI - Incidence of cancer in patients with leprosy. AB - Individuals with congenital immunodeficiences and patients who are immunosuppressed for maintenance of organ allografts experience a marked increase in the occurrence of malignancy. Patients with lepromatous leprosy also have depressed cellular immunity, but or study of 195 autopsied subjects with leprosy did not reveal an increase in the occurrence of cancer. Thirty-three of the 195 subjects with leprosy or 16.9% died of cancer, which is comparable to an age matched group of individuals. PMID- 1116112 TI - Guidelines for quality of care in patient education. PMID- 1116113 TI - Insulin goes metric: a time for reveiw. AB - For most diabetics, a concentration of 100 units of insulin per cc (U-100 insulin) is the simplest and safest concentration. It is compatible with the metric system and reduces the volume of the injection. The introduction of U-100 gives the nurse an opportunity, not only to review her own knowledge of insulin use in diabetes, but also to assess the diabetic individual's understanding of it. PMID- 1116114 TI - Project Alternative: the road away from isolation. AB - The author describes why therapeutic social groups for long-term psychiatric patients sometimes don't work, and what makes them successful when they do. Project Alternative resulted in reduced rehospitalization, and staff were excited with the new life-style their clients adopted. PMID- 1116115 TI - Critique: nursing research is not every nurse's business. PMID- 1116117 TI - The nurse and the grieving parent. PMID- 1116116 TI - Editorial: Nurses are health teachers. PMID- 1116118 TI - Ostomy skin barriers for decubitus ulcers. PMID- 1116119 TI - The effect of aging and interval between primary and secondary treatment in two stage carcinogenesis on mouse skin. AB - Two-stage carcinogenesis experiments on mouse skin (female ICR/Ha Swiss mice) were done by initiating mice at three age levels (6, 44, and 56 weeks) and promoting after a 2-week interval. In another series, mice were initiated at age 6 weeks, and three time intervals (2, 36, and 56 weeks) were used between initiation and promotion. The initiating agent was 7, 12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and the promoting agent was phorbol myristate acetate in all experiments. The results showed a general decrease in tumor production with increasing age at the time of promotion. However, the initiating effect persisted even when the interval between initiation and promotion was 56 weeks. PMID- 1116120 TI - DNA synthesis in tumor-bearing rats. AB - Thmidine (TdR) incorporation into DNA increased in the livers and spleens of rats bearing Yoshida sarcoma (solid type) or AH130 (solid type). TdR kinase and DNA polymerase activities increased in the serum, liver, and spleen of these rats, while thymidine monophosphate kinase activity increased appreciably only in the liver and spleen. On diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography, 2 peaks of TdR dinase activity were separated from the serum and tumor tissues of rats bearing Yoshida sarcoma (solid type) while only 1 peak was obtained from the liver. TdR kinase activity in the serum decreased abruptly 7 hr after removal of the Yoshida sarcoma, while that in the liver decreased more slowly. PMID- 1116121 TI - The influence of thyroid stimulation on the incidence of 3-methylcholanthrene induced tumors. AB - The incidence of tumors induced by a single s.c. injection of 2 mg of 3 methylcholanthrene was observed in euthyroid and thyroidectomized rats and in rats fed thyroid powder. Thyroid feeding increased the metabolic rate by a factor of 1.6 and reduced the incidence of tumors at the site of injection from 92% in euthyroid rats to 36% in hyperthyroid rats. PMID- 1116122 TI - Subcellular fate of protein antibiotic neocarzinostatin in culture of a lymphoid cell line from Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - 14C-LABELED PROTEIN ANTIBIOTIC NEOCARZINOSTATIN (NCS) was prepared efficiently by chemical modification. With the use of lymphoma-derived cell line P3HR-1, the subcellular behavior of this antitumor antibiotic was studied by the uptake a. nd autoradiography of isolated nuclei of radioactive NCS. The antibiotic was taken up by the cells, reaching the maximum value at 1.5 hr and decreasing in value at 4.0 hr to the level at 0.5 hr. The silver grains in the autoradiograms were also found in the isolated nuclei. The grain count in the nuclei showed a tendency similar to the uptake of NCS by the whole cells, i.e., a gradual increase at 0.5 hr, reaching the maximum value at 1.5 hr, and then decreasing after 4.0 hr to the level at 0.5 hr. These facts indicated that NCS reached not only to cytosol but also into the nucleus, and/or at least to the nuclear membrane of the lymphoid cell. The number of NCS molecules incorporated into the cells at 1.5 hr was calculated to be about 1 x 10-6/cells at a concentration of 3 mug NCS per ml of medium, which can be extrapolated to 1 x 10-4 molecules per cell at the minimum inhibitory concentration. The number of molecules should be even less within the nucleus. In cell-free systems, the interaction of DNA and NCS, which is an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, was investigated with use of a Sephadex G-100 column, with negative results. In the cell culture system, NCS molecules were degraded into smaller polypeptides of certain sizes by proteolysis either by serum component(s) or by cells themselves. An inactive isomer, pre-NCS, which is an antagonist of NCS and a partially denatured homologous molecule, behaved similarly to NCS in all of these experiments. Because the chemically modified NCS used in this study retained biological activity essentially similar to that of parental NCS, the results obtained here could be interpreted as similar to those of parental NCS in vitro. PMID- 1116123 TI - 2-chloroethanol formation as evidence for a 2-chloroethyl alkylating intermediate during chemical degradation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea and 1 (2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea. AB - Chemical degradation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea or 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea in buffer under physiological conditions resulted in the formation of a significant quantity of 2 chlorethanol (18 to 25% of the initial nitrosourea concentration). Other degradation products observed included acetaldehyde (5 to 10%), vinyl chloride (1 to 2%), ethylene (1 to 2%), and cyclohexylamine (32%), but not 1,3 dicyclohexylurea. The 2-chlorethyl moiety of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1 nitrosourea was trapped with halide ions, CI-, BR-, and I-, to form the corresponding dihaloethanes which were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. High-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures were developed for the separation and quantiation of the nitrosoureas and many of their degradation products. It is postulated that a new mode of 1(2-chloreoethyl) 3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1 nitrosourea degradation can occur that is not the loss of the chloro group as chloride ion, but the loss of the N-3 hydrogen as a proton. Then the corresponding isocyanate and 2-chloroethyidiazene hydroxide are formed, with the latter intermidiate becoming an alkylating species, possibly in part as a 2 chloroethyl carbonium ion. PMID- 1116124 TI - Effect of antimyeloma cell antiserum on immunological enhancement. AB - Growth of Sarvoma 180 in AKR mice was enhanced by immunization with frozen-thawed homogenates of this tumor. Treatment of host mice with rabbit antimyeloma cell antiserum, either furing immunization or shortly after tumor implantation, resulted in a decreased incidence of tumor rejection or an increased rate of tumor growth. A slow-growing subline from a spontaneous, DBA/2Ha-DD mammary tumor is rejected after initial growth in DBA/2J mice. The incidence of rejection was reduced by treatment with the antiserum studied. PMID- 1116125 TI - Chromatographic analyses of 3-methylcholanthrene metabolism in adult and fetal mice and the occurrence of conjugating enzymes in the fetus. AB - Adult pregnant mice were given i.v. injections of (3H)3-methylcholanthrene (20 muCi in 1.1 mug/mouse) or (14C)3-methylcholanthrene (1.0 muCi in 48 mug/mouse). Ethanol extracts of their tissues were chromatographed on Sephadex LH-20. Three groups of 3-methylcholanthrene metabolites were obtained: one group as yet unidentified, one containing the hydrocarbon and hydroxylated derivatives, and a third consisting of conjugated metabolites from the treated adult mice and their fetuses. The conjugated metabolites in tissue and in bile were separated into two fractions; one was acted on by beta-glucuronidase and to a lesser extent by arylsulfatase, and the other was resistant to these enzymes but completely susceptible to acid hydrolysis. The hydrolysis resulted in altered chromatographic behavior characteristic of the hydroxy compounds, which also appear in tissue. The enzyme-resistant conjugates were predominant in brain, muscle, and lung, and the enzyme-labile conjugates were predominant in the kidney, liver, and bile of adult mice. These conjugated metabolites were also demonstrated in fetal mice; some appeared in the fetus as early as the thirteenth day of gestation, the most immature fetus so far examined. The resistant group was predominant in the early developmental stages of the fetus and the susceptible group was increased in the excretory organs such as the kidney, liver, and contents of the intestinal tract as the fetuses approached term. transplacental transfer of conjugated metabolites from the mother to the fetus did not take place, although the parent 3-methylcholanthrene and its nonconjugated metabolites were transferred. We therefore assume that drug metabolizing enzymes, including hydroxylases and conjugases, are active in the fetal mouse tissues as well as in the adult. PMID- 1116126 TI - Effect of core lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella minnesota R mutants on the survival times of mice bearing Ehrlich tumor. AB - Injection of a homologous series of bacterial core lipopolysaccharides obtained from Salmonella minnesota R mutants to Ehrlich solid tumor-beating mice results in an increase of survival times of treated animals. Lower chain length favors greater antitumor activity. Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides derived from lipopolysaccharides were found to be ineffective in increasing survial time of tumore-bearing mice. Smaller-sugar-chain-length core lipopolysaccharides were found to be better adjuvant than were those with longer sugar chains. Implication of adjuvant action of lipopolysaccharides in the elicitation of antitumor activity is suggested. PMID- 1116127 TI - Investigation of the possible involvement of ketonic derivatives of polycyclic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon carcinogenesis. AB - 5,6-Dihydro-5-oxo-7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and 5,6-dihydro-6-oxo-7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene are described. These compounds, which are isomeric with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-5,6-oxide (the K-region epoxide), were inactive in tests for tumor-initiating activity in mouse skin and tumor production in the s.c. tissue of the mouse. PMID- 1116128 TI - Carbodiimide enhancement of complement-dependent antibody-mediated tumor cell lysis in vitro and antitumor activity in vivo. AB - The water-soluble carbodiimide salt 1-ethyl-3-(3' dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. HCl (EDCI-HCl) has been shown to increase the complement-dependent lysis of cultured mouse neuroblastoma C1300 cells by two types of antibody: (1) natural antibodies in the sera of normal (nonimmunized) rabbits, and (b) serum antibodies from snygeneic tumor-bearing A/HeJ mice. In the latter case, both the level of serum antibodies and the extent of carbodiimide enhancement of immune lysis were demonstrated in vitro to be substantially greater with sera from mice bearing 21-day-old tumors relative to 4-day-old tumors. The carbodiimide EDCI-HCl has also been found to increase the complement dependent lysis of cultured TA3 carcinoma cells by serum antibodies from isogeneic LAF1/J mice bearing ascites tumors in advanced stages of growth. Finally, it has been shown that EDCI-HCl exerts an antitumor activity in vivo that is significantly greater against 21-day-old than against 4-day-old neuroblastoma c1300 tumors. The increase in EDCI-HCl activity with tumor age is contrary to the response that would be expected if this drug were serving as an antimetabolite. This is evidenced by data showing that the antimetabolite 6 thioguanine is most effective against young rapidly growing neuroblastoma C1300 tumors. The correlation between carbodiimide antitumor activity and host production of cytotoxic antibodies suggests that EDCI-HCl may operate in vivo by an immunological mechanism comparalbe to that demonstrated in vitro. PMID- 1116129 TI - Isolation and characterization of nuclear RNA polymerase II from chicken myeloblastosis cells. AB - Nuclear RNA polymerases of chicken myeloblastosis cells were solubilized and fractionated by diethylaminoethyl-Sephades A25 column chromatography. Both alpha amanitin-insenstitive (polymerase I) and- sensitive (polymerase II) species were isolated. Polymerase activity, contained two peaks of enzyme (IIa and IIb), which were further purified by glycerol gradient centrifugation. The partially purified enzymes were characterized by their requirement of four nucleoside triphosphates and metal ions and by their sensitivity to several inhibitors. The enzymes were compared with RNA polymearases derived from normal chickent bone marrow cells,and the total extractable myeloblastosis than in bone marrow cells. Polymearse II from both cell types was shown to be sensitive to cytosine arabinoside triphosphate inhibiton. PMID- 1116130 TI - Effects of double and multiple doses of hydroxyurea on mouse duodenum and mammary tumors. AB - Previous data on the effects of a single dose of hydroxyurea on C3H mouse duodenum and mammary tumors from a fast growing line (S102F) were used to predict times that may be optimal (i.e., minimize killing of the duodenal S-phase cells while enhancing the killing of tumor S-phase cells) for the administration of subsequent doses of hydroxyurea. These predicted protocols were tested by giving tumor-bearing mice injections of 2 doses at 24 hr intervals. A preliminary in vivo tumor treatment experiment was also done wherein multiple doses (up to 10) were given either at 12, 20, or 24 hr intervals with the mouse survival, body weights, and tumor volumes being recorded daily. The data show that partial cell synchronization was achieved in both tissues and the initial knetics of the surviving cells was essentially the same after a single dose, 2 doses, or 4 doses of hydoxyurea. Also, the different intervals between the 2 doses did not affect the timing of the initital peaks of DNA synthesis in partially synchronized cells; however, the height of the peaks was affected The results demonstrate that kinetic data can be useful for predicting optimal intervals for 2-dose regimes and probably multiple-dose regimes involving a single cell-cycle phase-speeific drug when applied to a mouse tumor model. However, the recovery phenomena in the respective tissues are extremely complicated and more animal tumor data need to be collected before one can make adquate use of cell-synchronizing agents and perturbed cellular kinetic data for routine clinical chemotherapy or combined modality therapy. PMID- 1116131 TI - In vitro combination chemotherapy demonstrating potentiation of vincristine cytotoxicity by prednisolone. AB - Human lymphoid cells grown in long-term tissue culture have been used to study the cytotoxic effects of the combination of vincristine and prednisolone. The potentiating effects of this drug combination in vitro cannot be consistently shown if the drugs are addeded without attention to the growth rate of the cultured population. If the cultured cells have achieved maximum density and have remained at this density for more than 24hr, they are readily killed by vincristine alone and no further kill is achieved by adding prednisolone. Rapidly growing cell cultures, however, are relatively ristant to vincristine. The addition of prednisolone to such cultures restores their sensitivity to vincriestine, but the combination is no more effective than is vincristine alone in stable cell populations. These findings indicate that the effects of vincristine on the mitotic spindle, which produce metaphase arrest, do not account entirely for its ability to destroy cells. A second mechanism of action of vincristine at low concentrations is proposed. PMID- 1116132 TI - An experimental model for evaluation of factors in tumor escape from immunological attack. AB - A model system is presented for studying the factors involved in tumor immunity. The initial observations with this system concern the importance of dose and route of administration of tumor cells on tumor growth. The data show that myeloma tumor cells, when inoculated i.v.in relatively large numbers, are eradicated by the immune response of an allogeneic host; tumor cells administered i.v. in smaller number escape from immune attack even though the host has the potential to mount an immune response. BALB/c mouse myeloma cells (MOPC-21) were transplanted s.c., i.p., or i.v. into H-2-compatible allogeneic DBA/ 2 mice. There was a marked difference in the response of the host to tumor given s.c. or i.p. as compared to tumor given i.v. Thus s.c. or i.p. inoculation resulted in lethal tumor growth when 5 x 10-3 or more tumor cells were given. In contrast, the outcome of i.v. inoculation depended on tumor cell dose. Although small cell doses ( 5x 10-4 down to 10-2) resulted in lethal tumor gosulted in lethal tumor growth with only 10% survival, large cell doses (10-5 to 5 x 10-7) resulted in tumor rejection and 70% survival. DBA/2 mice possess the immunological ability to react agaist the tumor when large doses of tumor cells (10-7) are given i.v. or i.p., since spleen cells obtained from such mice were found to be able to suppress the growth of MOPC-21 when a mixture of spleen cells and tumor cells was inoculated. On the basis of these initial observations, our model appears to relate especially to the idea that, in autochithonous tumor development or in metastasis of tumor, a small number of antigenic tumor cells, perhaps even a single cell, usually grows into a frank tumor in spite of the immunological competence od the host to respond to the tumor cells. PMID- 1116133 TI - Glucose analogs as potential diagnostic tracers for brain tumors. AB - No tumor-specific tracer has yet been found for the detection of brain tumors by external scintiscanning. Glucose is a substrate in high demand by almost all tumors, and therefore an investigation was undertaken into the potential value of glucose and its analogs as tracers for brain tumors. The compounds studied were D )1-3H)glucose, D-(1-14C)glucose, (3H)3-O-methyl-D-glucose and L-(1-14C)glucose. The tracers were injected i.v. into C57BL/6J mice carrying a transplantable s.c. ependymoblastoma. At specific time intervlas after injection, mice were sacrificed and the radioactivity of 6 tissues including tumor and brain were assayed by means of an automated combustion technique and liquid scintillation counting. Tumor uptake, expressed as percentage mean body concentration, was 60% for 2 of the tracers, and 92 and 143%, respectively, for 2 others. Brain uptake was over 130% mean body concentration, with 3 of the 4 tracers studies. With L glucose, brain uptake was only 15.4% mean body concentration, and a maximum tumor to-brain ratio of 9.5 was achieved. The very high tumor uptake achieved with two of these carbohydrated demonstrates that a carbohydrate analog may be found that shows high tumor specificity and uptake, and that may be useful for external scintiscanning. PMID- 1116134 TI - Survival and differentiation of canine mammary tissues in the hamster cheek pouch. AB - The survival and differentiation of canine normal, atypical nodular (preneoplastic, and neoplastic mammary tissues were examined after transplantation to the cheek pouches of immunosuppressed female golden hamsters. Without immunosuppression, none of the mammary transplants, survived 40 days of transplantation. With either prednisolone or antilymphocyte serum immunosuppression, 78% of the mammary transplants that were recovered from the cheek pouch survived at least 35 to 45 days. PMID- 1116135 TI - Interaction of chemotherapeutic agents with methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil and its effect on de novo DNA synthesis. AB - The transport of methotrexate is known to be affected by corticosteroids and vincristine in L1210 leukemia cells. The deoxyuridine suppression test was used to measure the metabolic consequences of using these drugs with the antimetabolites, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, in both L1210 leukemia cells and normal human marrow cells. The deoxyuridine suppression test can be utilized as a sensitive measure of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil biological activity in producing defective de novo DNA synthesis. The deoxyuridine suppression test was found to detect changes in biological activity equal to 20 ng (0.044 nmole) of methotrexate and 200 ng (1.94 nmoles) of 5-fluorouracil. Hydrocortisone and prednisone, but not dexamethasone or prednisolone, decreased the methotrexate effect to one-half in both L1210 and human cells as measured by the deoxyuridine suppression test. 5-Fluorouracil biological activity was not affected by any steroid studied. Vincristine produced variable results, but on the average it decreased the methotrexate effect in human marrow. Vincristine consistently decreased the methotrexate effect in L1210 systems. Cephalosporin, 75 mug/ml (0.214 mumole), had no effect. In parallel studies, hydrocortisone decreased the uptake of methotrexate, but no folic acid, in human and L1210 cells. The deoxyuridine suppression test warants further investigation as a method of screening drugs for interaction with antagonists of de novo DNA synthesis. This tudy extends earlier evidence of drug interaction with methotrexate in a murine system to human cells and demonstrates that there is a metabolic consequence, reduced potency of methotrexate, as a result of reduced transport produced by certain corticosteroids. PMID- 1116136 TI - Tumor induction in rats by feeding heptamethyleneimine and nitrite in water. AB - Groups of 15 males and 15 females Sprague-Dawley rats were given 20 ml of drinking water solution containing either 0.2% heptamethyleneimine hydrochloride or this salt together with 0.2% sodium nitrite, 5 days a week for 28 weeks. Another group of 17 male and 30 female rats was given 0.2% sodium nitrite solution for 104 weeks. Most of the animals given heptamethyleneimine hydrochloride or sodium nitrite alone survived 2 years or more after the beginning of the treatment, and no tumors attributable to the treatment were seen at death; tumors appearing were those of endocrine origin found commonly in untreated controls. In the group receiving the combined treatment, most females were dead at 50 weeks and most males were dead at 80 weeks, 27 of 30 having tumors not seen in either control group. A total of 16 had squamous carcinomas in the lung; 25 had tumors of the oropharynx, tongue, esophagus, and forestomach; and there were a few animals with tumors in the nasal cavity and trachea. The expericment showed that squamous tumors of the lung could be induced by ingestion an amine and sodium nitrite. PMID- 1116137 TI - The isolation and characterization of polycyclic hydrocarbon-binding proteins from mouse liver and skin cytosols. AB - The major protein to which metabolites of methylcholanthrene are covalently bound has been purified from C3H mouse liver cytosol. Its properties are identical to the mouse skin h-protein, which may be primary arget of carcinogenic hydrocarbon metabolites during transformation to caner. It has a molecular wight of 44,000, consists of 2 subunits o- M.W. 20,000, has an isoelectric point (pI) of 8.05 to 8.6, and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.6 S. These physical properties are rather similar to those of ligandin, a hepatic protein that binds carcinogen metabolites, steroid anionic metabolites, bilirubin, and exogenous organic anions, but not to those of the rat liver azo dye carcinogen binding 'slow h-2 5S' protein. The h-protein and ligandin consistently give different pl values. Two minor basic proteins (molecular weights around 44,000 each), to whcih methylcholanthrene metabolites are convalently bound, have been separated from the h-protein by carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography. Prelininary results indicate that these 2 minor proteins are related to ligandin. A protein to which methylcholanthrene is noncovalently bound was also identified in the acidic fraction of the mouse liver and skin sytosols and has been partially purified and characterized. It has a molecular weight of 60,000, a pl of 5.0, and a sedimentation coefficient of 4.5S. PMID- 1116138 TI - N-substitution of carbon 8 in guanosine and deoxyguanosine by the carcinogen N benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene in vitro. AB - The major reaction products of the carcinogenic electrophile N-benzoyloxy-N methyl-4-aminoazobenzene with guanosine or deoxyguanosine were characterized as N (guanosin-8-yl)- and N-(DEOXYGUANOSIN-8-YL)-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene from the following chemical, radiochemical, and spectroscopic studies: (a) the presence of equimolar amounts of both N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (MAB) and guanosine or deoxyguanosine residues was shown by the 3H:14C ratios of the products from the reaction of (prime ring-3H)-N-benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene with (8 14C)guanosine or (8-14C)deoxyguanosine and by the molecular weights of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of both products: (b) substitution of the dye residue on its amino nitrogen was indicated by the retention in the products of the 3H:14C ration of (CH2-3H + 14CH3)-N-BENZOYLOXY-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and by the release of MAB on treatment of the nucleoside-dye derivatives with strong alkali in air; (c) substitution of the guanine residues in positon 7 or 8 was demonstrated by loss of 3H from (8-3H)guanosine or (8-3H)deoxyguanosine in the formation of the nucleoside-dye derivatives; (d) the stability of the products to mild alkali (as contrasted to the lability of 7-alkylguanosines) provided strong evidence that the substitution was in position 8 of the guanine residue; (e) direct evidence of 8-substitution came from the acid hydrolysis of guanosinyl- and deoxyguanosinyl-N-methyl-4-aminoazo benzene to N-(guan-8-yl)-N-methyl-4 aminoazobenze in up to 50% yield; (f) comparisons of the proton or 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra or both of N-(guan-8-yl)- N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, MAB, N-(guanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, guanosine, and 7 -methylguanosine with the spectra of the guanosine-MAB product further confirmed that substitution had occurred at position 8 of the guanosine residue. The new compound N-(guan-8-yl)-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene was synthesized. Attempts to devise an unambiguous synthesis of N-(GUANOSIN-8-YL)-N-methyl-4 aminoazobenzene were not successful. PMID- 1116139 TI - Structures of hepatic nucleic acid-bound dyes in rats given the carcinogen N methyl-4-aminoazobenzene. AB - Rats were given the hepatocarcinogenic dye N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene labeled in the prime ring with tritium. The hepatic ribosomal RNA and DNA from these rats were hydrolyzed to uoe;d imce;psode-dye products. The major nucleoside-dye derivatives cochromatographed with synthetic N-(guanosin-8-yl)-and N (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-N-(methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, respectively, on cellulose and silica gel thin layers in several solvent systems. Additional evidence for the characterization of the hepatic RNA-nucleoside derivative was obtained through its degradation by alkali in air to N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and -4 aminoazobenzene, as previously described for N-(guanosin-8-yl)-N-methyl-4 aminoazobenzene. The same nucleoside derivatives were also derived from ribosomal RNA and DNA reacted in vitro with the carcinogenic electrophilic derivative N benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, esterification of the N-hydroxy derivative, and reaction of the resultant electrophilic esters with DNA and RNA. PMID- 1116140 TI - Enhancing effect of hydrocortisone on hematogenous metastasis of Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice. AB - The effect of hydrocortisone on blood-borne tumor metastasis was studied in an i.v. inoculation experiment with Ehrlich hypotetraploid clone 1, Ehrlich hypotetraploid stock, and Ehrlich hyperdiploid stock tumors. The administration of hydrocortisone before tumor inoculation resulted in increased tumor take, reduced mean survival time of mice, and concentration of tumor metastasis in a specific organ (i.e., lung metastasis for Ehrlich hypotetraploid clone 1 tumor, and liver metastasis for Ehrlich hypotetraploid stock and Ehrlich hyperdiploid stock tumors). Enhancement of tumor metastasis, as induced by hydrocortisone pretreatment, was not reproduced by the administration of 6-mercaptopurine, testosterone, or estradiol. The progress of tumor death in hydrocortisone conditioned mice was not affected by either heparin or dextran sulfate. This indicated that the effect of hydrocortisone on tumor metastasis was independent of the effect of these agents on immune reaction or blood coagulation. In the tracer experiment with 125-I-labeled tumor cells, hydrocortisone pretreatment significantly increased over the control the intrapulmonary retention of Ehrlich hypotetraploid clone 1 tumor cells from 1 through 72 hr after tumor inoculation, the time lag required for the establishment of metastatic foci in the lung. The arrest of Ehrlich hypotetraploid stock and Ehrlich hyperdiploid stock tumors in the liver was also temporarily increased by hydrocortisone pretreatment. No correlation was found between tumor cell size and differential distribution of metastatic tumors with 3 Ehrlich tumors. An attempt was made to use this blood borne metastasis system for chemotherapeutic study. Administration of cyclophosphamide gave rise to a significant prolongation of survival time and often to complete prevention of tumor metastasis in hydrocortisone-conditioned mice. PMID- 1116141 TI - Aminopeptidases and arylamidases in normal and cancer tissues in humans. AB - Multiforms of aminopeptidases and arylamidases in normal human liver, stomach, lung, ileum, colon, rectum, and kidney, and cancer tissue from human liver, stomach, and lung were separated by triethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography. The aminopeptidases and arylamidases were solubilized from human tissues by treatment with bromelain, and their column chromatograms on triethylaminoethyl-cellulose gave different patterns of multiforms of enzymes in these tissues. The fractions of enzymes separated specificities toward L-leucyl beta-naphthylamide, L-leucinamide, L-methioninamide, L-phenylalaninamide, and L alaninamide. The activity of aminopeptidase toward L-leucinamide and of arylamidase toward L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide was higher in human stomach cancer tissue and lower in hepatic cancer tissue than in normal stomach and liver, respectively. In lung cancer tissue, the activity of aminopeptidase toward L leucinamide was abnormally low, while the activity of arylamidase toward L-leucyl beta-napthylamide was similar to that in normal lung. The substrate specificities or patterns of the multiforms of these enzymes in cancer tissue from human liver, stomach, and lung were shown to differ from those of normal liver, stomach, and lung, respectively, by triethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography. PMID- 1116142 TI - Neoplastic transformation of guinea pig fetal cells in culture induced by chemical carcinogens. AB - Twenty-four cell strains derived from freshly isolated diploid strain 2 guinea pig fetal cells exposed in utero or directly in culture to a carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic chemical were evaluated during 4 to 24 months of continuous cultivation. Morphological alterations in carcinogen, i.e., benzo(a)pyrene-, 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-, 3-methylcholanthrene-, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine-, diethylnitrosamine-, aflatoxin B1-, or N acetoxyacetylaminofluorene-treated cultures were seen shortly after treatment; transformation, a loss of cell orientation, did not occur for 4 or more months, was not seen in controls and did not uniformly appear simultaneously with the capacity of transformed cells to grow as tumors in irradiated syngeneic newborn guinea pigs. Changes in plating efficiency, saturation density, doubling time, and chromosome alterations of transformed cells also did not correlate with progressive tumor growth. Formation of colonies in 0.35% agar appeared subsequent to or concomitantly with morphological transformation, and in every case they developed concurrently with the potential for neoplastic growth. Controls originally treated with a noncarcinogen (acetone, polycyclic hydocarbon, or aromatic amide) did not form agar colonies or tumors after inoculation of 108 cells. Studies with guinea pig cells indicate that persistent alterations in some growth parameters occur prior to expression of tumor growth. The ability of cells to form colonies in agar and to produce tumors may require 4 to 18 months of culturing. Of the cell properties examined, colony formation in agar was the best indication of the neoplastic state. PMID- 1116143 TI - Colony inhibition mediated by nonimmune leukocytes in vitro and skin reactivity in vivo as indices of tumorigenicity of guinea pig cultures transformed by chemical carcinogens. AB - Two short-term quantitative assays that correlate with the tumorigenicity of strain 2 guinea pig fetal cells transformed in culture by chemical carcinogens are described; one measures inhibition of colony growth mediated by nonimmune leukocytes and the other measures skin reactivity in unimmunized syngeneic guinea pigs. Mineral oil-induced peritoneal exudate (PE) cells were obtained from healthy unimmunized syngeneic guinea pigs. The PE cells were cultured for 24 hr and the nonadherent cells with culture medium were incubated with tumorigenic or nontumorigenic target cells in ratios of 1000/1 to 10/1. After 7 to 9 days of incubation in the presence of peritoneal exudate cell culture (PEC), fewer target cell colonies were observed in cultures with tumorigenic than with nontumorigenic cells. The inhibition of tumorigenic cells was dependent on PEC concentration; at 1000/1 PEC/traget cell ratio, a reduction of as much as 80% in the number of colonies and a 100% decrease in colony size relative to controls were noted. Inhibitory activity was present primarily in the supernatant fluid of the culture medium of the PE cells. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of the PE cells increased PEC and peritoneal exudate cell culture medium supernatant (PES) colony inhibitory activity as much as twofold. The differential colony inhibition activity of PES with or without phytohemagglutinin was stable during storage of PES for 5 months at -35 degrees. In the 2nd assay, 2 or 5 X 106 tumorigenic or nontumorigenic cells were inoculated intradermally into 12- to 16-seek-old male unimmunized syngeneic guinea pigs; skin reactivity, in terms of the degree and persistence of induration during the next 4 days, was greater to tumorigenic than to nontumorigenic cells. In both assays, tumor-producing cells, morphologically transformed in culture, or tumor-derived cells, were affected more than early passage-untreated fetal cells, morphologically nontransformed long-term-cultured cells previously exposed to noncarcinogenic chemicals, or chemical carcinogen transformed but non-tumor-producing cells. The two assays, particularly the nonimmune leukocyte-mediated colony inhibition with its greater degree of discrimination, provide rapid estimations of the tumorigenic potential of cells transformed in in vitro model systems of chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 1116144 TI - Hexamethylmelamine-induced regression of human lung tumors growing in immune deprived mice. AB - Hexamethylmelamine is known to be effective in humans in the treatment of certain malignant tumors, especially bronchial carcinoma. It is, however, quite inactive against a number of animal tumors, making difficult a study of its mechanism of action in experimental systems. In a reexamination of the effects of hexamethylmelamine, two tumors were found to be very sensitive, namely, a mouse plasma cell tumor (PC6) and a human bronchial carcinoma (P246) growing in immune deprived mice. Both tumors undergo a significant and almost complete regression, even when well established, and hence may serve as model systems for the study of the mechanism of action of hexamethylmelamine. PMID- 1116145 TI - An improved Mantel-Bryan procedure for "safety" testing of carcinogens. AB - A published method by Mantel and Bryan for calculating "safe" doses of carcinogens is updated by incorporating several improvements. These improvements include more effective procedures for taking into account any spontaneous tumor rate and for combining data at several dose levels. An added feature is that it permits the combining of data from several experiments by postulating that it is only the spontaneous rate that differs between experiments. The improved method is illustrated with data from five hypothetical experiments, using a risk level of 10-8, a conservative slope of one probit or normal deviate per tenfold dose increase, and a nominal assurance level of 99%. The hypothetical experiments were geared to bring out particular pointsas, for example, the applicability of the model in the absence of control data. A large variety of issues involved in the determination of "safe" doses are discussed, including questions of experiment design and extrapolitan between species. A statistical appendix is provided, laying the framework for the calculating procedure and detailing complications therein. The "safe" dose approach helps resolve certain dilemmas in questions relating to food additives. A "no-detectable-level" prescription for chemical residues may be dangerous to the public where detection techniques are insufficiently sensitive, but it can become far too restrictive as exquisitely sensitive detection techniquesare developed. Only levels in excess of the "safe" dose would require detection. Calculated values for the "safe" dose could be updated and increased as more clear evidence of safety becomes available. PMID- 1116146 TI - The carcinogenic and electrophilic activities of N-benzoyloxy derivatives of N methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and related dyes. AB - The N-benzoyloxy derivatives of N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, its 4'-methyl and 4' ethyl derivatives, and N-ethyl-4-aminoazobenzene were synthesized for comparison of their carcinogenic activities and their reactivities with nucleophilic reagents. Each of the 4 esters had a similar degree of nonenzymatic reactivity with methionine and guanosine at neutral pH. Each of the dyes induced sarcomas at the site of s.c. injection in rats, but N-benzoyloxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene was considerably more carcinogenic than were any of the other dyes. N-benzoyloxy N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene was also more stable in neutral lipid, and this stability may have contributed to its greater carcinogenicactivity. Neither the electrophilic reactivities nor the s.c. carcinogenicities of these dyes paralleled the hepatocarinogenic activities of the parent dyes. PMID- 1116147 TI - Detection of nerve growth factor binding sites on neuroblastoma cells by rosette formation. AB - A cloned suspension culture of mouse C1300 neuroblastoma cells bound, at 2degrees, sheep erythrocytes passively coated with nerve growth factor, with the formation of rosettes. When grown in tissue culture dishes to which they could attach, neuroblastoma cells rapidly transformed, within 48 hr emitting cytoplasmic processes some of which were several mm long. Most of the attached neuroblastoma cells formed rosettes. In contrast, normal mouse kidney cells or various murine tumor cell lines used as cell controls exhibited a poor capacity for binding nerve growth factor. Rosette formation was a specific reaction that could be prevented by pretreating cells with proteolytic enzymes, free nerve growth factor, or specific antibodies against neuroblastoma cell extracts. PMID- 1116148 TI - Phagocytosis of nerve growth factor-coated erythrocytes in neuroblastoma rosette forming cells. AB - At 2 degrees, murine C1300 neuroblastoma cells bound NGF-coated sheep erythrocytes and formed rosettes. When the temperature was raised to 37 degrees, the neuroblastoma cells underwent a rapid transformation characterized by microtubule formation, which occurred under the membrane surface close to the points of contact with the attached red cells. Cytoplasmic processes filled wit- microtubules were then emitted by the cell body and surrounded the red cells. Within 20 to 30 min, the attached erythrocytes were phagocytized. Interiorization of membrane-bound erythrocytes-antibody-complement complexes by neuroblasto-a cells could be similarly induced at 37 degrees. In both cases, the extent of phagocytosis was decreased when microtubule formation was blocked with colchicine or vinblastine. Complete inhibition was obtained only by pretreatment of cells with cytochalasin B, a strong inhibitor of microfilament contraction. The role played by the microtubules and the microfilaments in promoting the phagocytosis of the attached erythrocytes is discussed. PMID- 1116149 TI - The activity of regional nodes in the evolution of immune responses to allogeneic and isogeneic tumors. AB - The evolution of immune responses of C57BL/6 mice to allogeneic tumor Sarcoma 180 and of A/J mice to isogeneic tumor Sarcoma 1 was investigated by colony and cell inhibition (CI) assays. The immune response of lymphocytes from regional popliteal nodes, distant nodes, and spleens was examined at varying times after s.c. implantation of known numbers of in vitro-grown tumor cells in the hind feet. In the allogeneic system, only regional node lymphocytes produced CI activity, amximum response appearing at Day 14 and gradually diminishing therafter with tumor regression. Serum-blocking activity was not observed until Day 21 and increased to significant levels by Day 39 when no lymphocyte CI activity was detectable. In the isogeneic system, CI activity was tumor-dose dependent. Responses to low-dose inocula were confined to regional nodes, whereas with high-dose inocula, initial responses were provided by regional nodes, but by Day 21 the spleen had become the primary source of CI activity. Examination of blocking activity in this system was not possible due to nonspecific serum cytotoxicity. Lymph nodes other than regional showed no CI response at any time in either tumor system. These studies demonstrate the importance of regional nodes in the development of immune responses to both allogeneic and osogeneic tumors. PMID- 1116150 TI - Prolongation of chemotherapeutically induced remission of a syneneic murine leukemia by L-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2.1-BETA]thiazole hydrochloride. AB - L-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-beta]thiazole hydrochloride (LMS), when used in concert with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, resulted in a significantly higher percentage of long-term leukemic-free survivors. The additive effect provided by LMS treatment was evident during the immunosuppressed period induced by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea treatment and when tumor load was minimal. Treatment with LMS alone did not appear to possess any significant antitumor effect. The beneficial effect of LMS treatment may be attributable to the immunostimulatory activity reported for this drug. LMS appears to possess characteristics that make it an excellent candidate for use as an immunostimulant in cancer combined modality treatment. PMID- 1116151 TI - Antitumor activity of macromomycin B (NSC 170105) against murine leukemias, melanoma, and lung carcinoma. AB - Mice bearing either of the two rapidly growing mouse leukemias, L1210 or P388, or the slow-growing B16 melanoma responded to i.p. injections of Macromomycin B (NSC 170105) with significant increases in life-span. The maximal increases in life span obtained in these experiments were 37% for L1210, 68% for P388, and 120% for B16. In addition, there were 7 of 30 cures for varying doses of Macromomycin in the B16 melanoma. Activity of over 50% increase in life-span in B16 was obtained with a daily i.p. injection on Days 1 to 9 of 16 to 40 mg/kg. Animals that had received s.c. implanted Lewis lung tumors responded to either single or repeated injections (8 to 16 mg/kg) given at the site of tumor implant by a marked reduction in growth of the primary tumor, increased life-span, and some cures. The same doses were without effect when administered i.p. The reported activity of Macromomycin against L1210, P388 leukemias, B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma make it a good candidate for development for clinical trial against human solid tumors. A new method of evaluating activity against solid tumors, "responder analysis," is also presented. PMID- 1116152 TI - The effects of an antimetastatic agent, (plus or minus)-1,2-bis(3,5 dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane (ICRF 159), on platelet behavior. AB - Some agents that inhibit platelet aggregation, e.g., aspirin and dipyridamole, ahve been reported to prevent metastasis formation. To see whether inhibition of platelet aggregation could account for the antimetastatic action of (plus or minus)-1,2- bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane, this compound was investigated in vivo for any effects on platelet behavior and thrombogenesis. (plus or minus) 1,2-Bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane inhibited the formation of platelet thrombi in blood vessels on the surface of the rat brain and in the hamster cheek pouch. 1,2-Bis(dioxo-4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethane, a closely related analog of (plus or minus)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane, but without antimetastatic action, inhibited thrombus formation in vivo as effectively as (plus or minus)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane. It seems unlikely therefore that the antimetastatic action of (plus or minus)-1,2-bis(3,5 dioxopiperazine-l-yl)propane derives from its effects on thrombogenesis. Neither platelet numbers nor the ionized plasma calcium concentrations were changed after (plus or minus)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-l-yl)propane administration. PMID- 1116153 TI - Induction of urinary bladder tumors in rats by administration nitrosomethyldodecylamine. AB - Nitrosomethyl-n-dodecylamine, a product of the reaction of dimethyl-n dodecylamine with nitrous acid, was given to Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage in olive oil solution. Twice-weekly treatments with 12 mg of the nitrosamine for 50 weeks gave rise to 100% incidence of transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. In contrast with the tests of other N-nitroso compounds, this compound seemed to be more effective in males than in females; females died later with the tumor although the dose per unit body weight was higher in females than in males. PMID- 1116154 TI - The pharmacokinetics of 4-acetyl tritium vinblastine in two patients. AB - Vinblastine, labeled with tritium in the 4-acetyl group, was given to two patients with malignant disease, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug was determined. Clearance of radioactivity from the blood was biphasic, with t1/2 values for a first rapid phase of 4.25 and 4.78 min, and for a slower phase of 185 and 195 min. The volume of the central compartment was calculated as 29.7 and 39.4 liters, while the total fictive volume of distribution was 86.4 and 111.4 liters. Binding to blood components occurred in the order: plasma greater than platelets greater than red blood cells greater than white blood cells. Excretion of radiolabel occurred via the stool and the urine so that, after 72 hr, 25 and 41% of the total dose had appeared in the former and 19 a nd 23% had appeared in the latter. Appreciable amounts of unchanged drug appeared in the urine, while very little appeared in the stool, suggesting hepatic metabolism, consistent with prior animal studies. PMID- 1116155 TI - Some properties of a DNA-unwinding protein unique to lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Lymphocytes from a common human leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, have a greatly enhanced capability of DNA repair and a concomitantly prolonged survival in vitro after damage to DNA. From these lymphocytes, we isolated and purified a DNA-binding protein with a molecular weight of 24,000. It binds tightly to both ultraviolet light (UV)-irradiated and single-stranded DNA. At 35 degrees it enhances the helix-coil transition of poly[d(A-T)] AND the UV-irradiated calf thymus DNA but is inefficient in ordinary native DNA. This protein also facilitates the rate of UV-endonuclease incision of UV DNA but does not induce any nicks by itself. This finding suggests that the protein may be involved in DNA repair by enhancing such activity, and also offers an explanation for our observation of increased DNA repair in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. When human metaphase chromosomes are exposed to the protein, it induces marked lengthening of chromatids suggesting that this protein may also act on complex chromosomes. By quantitative immunochemical determinations, such protein could not be found in lymphocyte extracts of three normal individuals. PMID- 1116156 TI - Dehydroretronecine-induced rhabdomyosarcomas in rats. AB - Two groups of rat were given s.c. injections of either monocrotaline or its major detectable metabolite, dehydroretronecine, biweekly for 1 year. Tissues obtained from partial hepatectomies performed at 4 months on a portion of these animals showed that both compounds caused a decided inhibition of mitotic division in regenerating liver. Rhabdomyosarcomas developed at the site of dehydroretronecine injection in 51.6% of the rats and in 3.3% of the monocrotaline-treated rats. Metastatic lesions were recorded in 8.3% of these animals. In addition to the above, 10% of the monocrotaline-treated rats developed other tumors that included myelogenous leukemias, hepatocellular carcinomas, and pulmonary adenomas. These data indicate that either monocrotaline or its metabolite dehydroretronecine are capable of causing neoplastic transformations in the tissues of experimental animals. PMID- 1116157 TI - Photoamidation of unsaturated carbohydrates. Synthesis of 1-(3-C-carbamoyl-3 deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-thymine and -cytosine. AB - The acetone-initiated photochemical addition of formamide to 1,2,4,6-tetra-O acetyl-3-deoxy-alpha-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranose (1) afforded 1,2,4,6-tetra-O acetyl-3-C-carbamoyl-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyransoe (2), 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3 C-carbamoyl-3-deoxy-alpha-D-allopyranose (3), 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-C carbamoyl-3-deoxy-alpha-D-altropyranose (4), and 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3 C-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranose (5), in 46, 13, 1, and 7% yields, respectively. Condensation of 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-C-carbamoyl-3-deoxy alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (produced from 2 with hydrogen bromide) with 2,4 bis(trimethylsilyl)thymine afforded 1-(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-C-carbamoyl-3-deoxy beta-D-glucopyranosyl)thymine (6) in 40% yield. Deacetylation of 6 with sodium methoxide in methanol yielded the pure unprotected nucleoside 7. Similar condensation of the bromide from 2 with 2,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-N4-acetylcytosine afforded the protected cytosine nucleoside 8 in 55% yield, which was converted into 1-(3-C-carbamoyl-3-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)cytosine (9). PMID- 1116158 TI - [Czechoslovak-Soviet health care cooperation]. PMID- 1116159 TI - [Glycides and hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116160 TI - [Influence of vasoactive drugs on elastic parameters of arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116161 TI - [Relationship of the prostaglandins to the lipid and glycide metabolism, adhesiveness and aggregation of the blood platelets and inflammatory reaction]. PMID- 1116162 TI - [Use of holography as a microscopic technic]. PMID- 1116163 TI - [Open approach renal needle biopsy in adults]. PMID- 1116164 TI - [Ionized calcium fraction in chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116165 TI - [A method for working capacity examination in post-infarction patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116166 TI - [Report on the activity of the Slovak Medical Society since the meeting of the representatives in June 1973 and program of activities for the year 1975]. PMID- 1116167 TI - [Report of the discussion order and organization problems]. PMID- 1116168 TI - [Central commitee of the Slovak Medical Society from November 27, 1974 in Bratislava-Kramare]. PMID- 1116169 TI - [Adrenogenital syndrome: differential diagnosis based on the examination of urinary steroids by gas chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116170 TI - [Serum beta-glucuronidase activity in uranium works miners (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116171 TI - [Science research development and health administration]. PMID- 1116172 TI - Activity of tubulosine on the kinetics of root meristem cell population. PMID- 1116173 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase levels during the response of human peripheral lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin. AB - The cellular levels of the various RNA polymerases have been monitored in resting human peripheral lymphocytes and in lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutin. Activity was measured in the presence of exogenous templates following solubilization and chromatographic resolution of the different RNA polymerases. Resting lymphocytes contain Class I, II, and III RNA polymerases, although the respective levels of activity are very low compared to the levels in metabolically active cell types. During the PHA-induced transformation of resting lymphocytes, the Class I, II, and III enzyme levels rise dramatically. During four days exposure to PHA, the levels of RNA polymerases I and III (which synthesize, respectively, rRNA and the transfer and 5S RNAs) increase 17 fold, while the level of RNA polymerase II (which synthezies heterogeneous nuclear RNA) increase 8 fold. The possible relationship between enzyme levels and the regulation of gene expression is discussed. PMID- 1116174 TI - Further evidence of transcriptional and translational control of histone messenger RNA during the HeLa S3 cycle. AB - Using a translational assay and new analytical procedures we have found that: Histone mRNA can be detected both associated with polyribosomes and in the postribosomal supernatant of S phase HeLa S3 cells.-Inhibition of DNA replication by cytosine arabinoside treatment causes histone mRNA to completely disappear from polyribosomes, and little histone mRNA can be detected in the postribosomal supernatant of inhibited cells. These data indicate that histone mRNA does not accumulate in the cytoplasm after the inhibition of DNA replication. -Histone mRNA species cannot be detected in the postribosomal supernatant of G1 cells synchronized by selective detachment. This observation, together with the previous finding that histone mRNA is not present on G1 polyribosomes, is consistent with the idea of a transcriptional block in histone mRNA production and transport to the cytoplasm during G1. PMID- 1116175 TI - Nonspecific cytotoxic effects of antigen-transformed lymphocytes. II. Inhibition by drugs. PMID- 1116176 TI - Inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation of lymphocytes by a soluble factor from macrophages. PMID- 1116177 TI - The effect of tuberculosis and neoplasia on human monocyte staphylocidal activity. PMID- 1116178 TI - Mechanisms involved in the expression of Jones-Mote hypersensitivity. I. Passive cell transfer studies. PMID- 1116179 TI - Mechanisms involved in the expression of Jones-Mote hypersensitivity. II. Lymph node morphology and in vitro correlates. PMID- 1116180 TI - [Local treatment of psoriasis by phenol]. PMID- 1116181 TI - [Resorption of Venoruton by human skin]. PMID- 1116182 TI - [Classification of nail diseases]. PMID- 1116183 TI - [Serum levels of the main classes of immunoglobulins in psoriatic arthritis]. PMID- 1116184 TI - [Results of long-term studies of the epidemic process of trichophytosis caused by zoophilic dermatophytes]. PMID- 1116185 TI - [Problem of double mycotic infections]. PMID- 1116186 TI - [Poikiloderma atrophicans vascularis Jacobi]. PMID- 1116187 TI - [Some epidemiological peculiarities of current early forms of syphilis]. PMID- 1116188 TI - [Histopathological study on the dermatotrophic effect of crude oil and some of its derivatives in animal experiments]. PMID- 1116189 TI - [The action of serotonin, lisuride and reserpine upon stomach-evacuation in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116190 TI - [Use of N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine-P-nitroanilide for the detection of the trypsin activity in the duodenal contents]. PMID- 1116191 TI - [Effect of nutrition on adrenal cortex activity]. PMID- 1116192 TI - [Methods for the determination of somatotropin levels using the radioimmunologic method]. PMID- 1116193 TI - [Measuring of the blood flow through the kidney in rats using 133 Xe]. PMID- 1116194 TI - [Apparatus for the stimulation of the visual system using moving impulses]. PMID- 1116195 TI - [Current problems in the study of social medicine at medical schools]. PMID- 1116196 TI - [Our experiences with the modernization and improvement of education in the field of social medicine]. PMID- 1116197 TI - [The problem of functionalistic concept in physician-patient relations]. PMID- 1116198 TI - [Deepening of the socialist model of physician-patient relations]. PMID- 1116199 TI - [The seeking of medical assistance and its determinants in the current developmental stage of the socialist society]. PMID- 1116200 TI - [Various social aspects of old people over 73-years of age in the Kosice municipal district]. PMID- 1116201 TI - [Traffic accidents and the development of transportation]. PMID- 1116202 TI - [To the possibilities of thermoluminiscent dosimetry in x-ray diagnostics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116203 TI - [Anomaly of the return of blood from pulmonal veins. Analysis of findings in the case of 15 angiographically examined children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116204 TI - [Our experiences with catheterization of veins of the kidneys (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116205 TI - [To the possibility of corpus cavernosum recti angiographic proof (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116206 TI - [Diagnostic importance of pyelorenal reflux in the case of urography of children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116207 TI - [Coxometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116208 TI - [Notes on the orthopantomograph (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116209 TI - [Adapta-ion development of the pelvis in partial agenesis of lumbar spine and total sacrocoxigeal agenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116210 TI - [Infrared thermovision -- new examination method, supplementing x-ray and clinical examination in the case of arterial closures (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116211 TI - In vivo repair of rat liver DNA damaged by 3-hydroxyxanthine. AB - Using alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients, it was observed that administration of the hepatocarcinogen, 3-hydroxyxanthine, to rats, resulted in the slower sedimentation of liver DNA in alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients. Slower sedimentation of liver DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients was apparent within 4 h following the administration of the carcinogen at a dose of 50 mug/g body weight. The fragmentation of liver DNA was progressive with an increase in the dose. Such fragmentation caused by a dose of 100 mug/g was largely repaired by 24 h following the administration of the carcinogen. Fragmentation and repair of liver DNA with a dose of 100 mug or more/g body weight was also seen using neutral sucrose gradients. In neutral sucrose gradients significant repair of the fragmented DNA was seen by 24 h after carcinogen. Liver DNA from rats given 3 hydroxyxanthine (100 mug/g for 4 h) or calf thymus DNA incubated in vitro with this carcinogen did not show any change in their melting profile. PMID- 1116212 TI - Nonidentity of arylhydroxamic acid acyltransferase with ligandin and aminopeptidase B. PMID- 1116213 TI - A commentary on muscle mechanics. PMID- 1116214 TI - Localization of heart vectors produced by epicardial burns and ectopic stimuli; validation of a dipole ranging method. AB - Location of the equivalent cardiac dipole has been estimated but not fully verified in several laboratories. To test the accuracy of such a procedure, injury vectors were produced in 14 isolated, perfused rabbit hearts by epicardial searing. Strongly dipolar excitation fronts were produced in 6 additional hearts by left ventricular pacing. Twenty computer-processed signals, derived from surface electrodes on a spherical electrolyte-filled tank containing the test preparation, were optimally fitted with a locatable cardiac dipole that accounted for over 99% of the root-mean-square surface potential. For the 14 burns (mean radius 5.0 mm), the S-T injury dipole was located 3.4 plus or minus 0.7 (SD) mm from the burn center. For the 6 paced hearts, the dipole early in the ectopic beat was located 3.7 mm (range 2.6 to 4.6 mm) from the stimulating electrode. Phase inhomogeneities within the chamber appeared to have a small but predictable effect on dipole site determination. The study demonstrates that equivalent dipole location can be determined with acceptable accuracy from potential measurements of the external cardiac field. PMID- 1116215 TI - Time course for reversal of electrophysiological and ultrastructural abnormalities in subendocardial Purkinje fibers surviving extensive myocardial infarction in dogs. AB - The electrophysiological properties of subendocardial Purkinje fibers surviving in myocardial infarcts were studied with intracellular microelectrodes in isolated superfused preparations and correlated with subsequent light and electron microscopic studies. Transmembrane action potentials could always be recorded from one or two cell layers of subendocardial Purkinje fibers in infarcted regions 3 days to 7 weeks after coronary artery occlusion; ventricular muscle action potentials were rarely found. Microscopic studies also demonstrated several layers of intact subendocardial Purkinje fibers; the subjacent ventricular muscle cells were irreversibly injured and replaced by scar. At all time intervals, surviving Purkinje fibers had significantly reduced maximum diastolic potentials, action potential amplitudes, and depolarization velocities as well as prolonged action potential durations. These parameters normalized between 24 hours and 7 weeks after coronary artery occlusion. Surviving Purkinje fibers with electrophysiological abnormalities at 24 hours and 3 days contained vast lipid deposits. Lipid was less prevalent at 10 days when action potential characteristics had improved. By 7 weeks, action potentials were nearly normal and lipid was absent. Subendocardial Purkinje fibers surviving in infarcts are subject to conditions which cause electrophysiological and ultrastructural abnormalities. Persistent abnormalities in the electrophysiological properties of these surviving Purkinje fibers may cause persistent altered electrophysiological properties of the infarcted heart. PMID- 1116216 TI - A model of psychosocial hypertension showing reversibility and progression of cardiovascular complications. AB - The sequence of pathophysiological changes that can result from the stimulating effects of a sustained disturbance of the social environment was studied in ten colonies of socially deprived mice. Sixteen formerly isolated males were placed with 16 normal females in population cages consisting of seven intercommunicating boxes. Six of these socially disturbed 32-member colonies were terminated after periods of interaction ranging from 2 days to 9 months. The remaining four were terminated a month or more after the males had been returned to individual isolation. Indirect blood pressure measurements, body and heart weights, and sections of hearts and aortas were studied in the males. Following the shorter exposures, blood pressure reverted to normal in a few days. Exposure of 6 months or more were associated with unchanged body weights and sustained increases in heart weight and blood pressure readings. In addition, there was a significant development of aortic arteriosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis. These changes persisted despite prolonged return to isolation. PMID- 1116217 TI - Hemodynamic effects of acute experimental aortic coarctation in the dog. AB - Pressure and flow pulses were recorded immediately proximal and distal to a temporary stenosis of the thoracic aorta of the dog. The severity of the stenosis was varied, and the magnitude of the pulse changes was correlated with the degree of stenosis expressed as the area ratio, As/All, where As is the cross-sectional area of the stenotic section and A-s that of the normal vessel. The harmonic amplitudes of the pressure and flow waves during the stenotic period were obtained by Fourier analysis and normalized to their values when the stenosis was released. It was found that as A-s/All yields 0 the proximal pressure amplitude increased and the distal pressure and the proximal and distal flow amplitudes decreased. These changes were such that the proximal fluid impedance calculated from the corresponding pressure and flow amplitude ratios increased as A-s/A-ll yields 0; the distal impedance remained relatively unaffected. These findings can be interpreted in terms of reflection of the pulse waves at the stenosis. The normalized proximal pressure amplitudes approximate to 1 + R and the distal pressure and both the proximal and the distal flow vary according to 1 minus R, where R is the reflection coefficient. The variation of R with A-s/A-ll can be determined from the proximal fluid impedance changes; we found that R increased relatively slowly for moderate stenoses, varying from 0 at A-s/A-ll 1.0 (no stenosis) to similar to 0.2 at A-s/A-ll equals 0.2. At more severe stenoses, it increased more rapidly approaching 1.0 at A-s/A-ll equals 0. The generation of turbulence was most marked at A-s/A-ll yields 0.2. PMID- 1116218 TI - Vascular endothelium-leukocyte interaction; sticking shear force in venules. AB - To determine the shear force acting on a white blood cell sticking to the endothelium of a blood vessel, the flow field about a single white blood cell in a venule was determined by hign-speed motion picture photomicrography. The force acting on the white blood cell was then calculated according to the principles of fluid mechanics. In this paper, the calculation was made using an experimentally determined dimensionless shear force coefficient obtained from a kinematically and dynamically similar model. The large physical model of the hemodynamic system could be easily instrumented, and the shear force acting on the model cell and the flow field around it were measured. The data were then used to calculate a shear force coefficient. On the basis of dynamic similarity, this shear force coefficient was applied to the white blood cell in the venule. The shear force coefficient was strongly influenced by the hematocrit, so in vivo hematocrits were measured from electron micrographs. It was found that in the venules of the rabbit omentum a white blood cell sticking to the endothelial wall was subjected to a shear force in the range of 4 times 10--5 dynes to 234 times 10--5 dynes; the exact value depended on the size and motion of the white blood cell, the size of the blood vessel, the velocity of the blood flow, and the local hematocrit, which varied between 20% and 40% in venules of about 40 mum in diameter. The contact area between the white blood cell and the endothelial cell was estimated, and the shear stress was found to range between 50 dynes/cm-2 and 1060 dynes/cm 2. The normal stress of interaction between the white blood cell and the endothelium had a maximum value that was of the same order of magnitude as the shear stress. The accumulated relative error of the experimental procedure was about 49%. The instantaneous shear force was a random function of time because of random fluctuations of the hematocrit. PMID- 1116219 TI - Comparison of 85krypton and 133xenon cerebral blood flow measurements before, during, and following focal, incomplete ischemia in the squirrel monkey. AB - A comparison of regional cerebral blood flow measurements made with beta- and gamma-emitting isotopes revealed good correspondence in areas of normal perfusion and reactive hyperemia but poor correspondence in areas of focal ischemia. After middle cerebral artery occlusion at normocapnia, there was a 65% reduction in regional cerebral blood flow from 1.40 plus or minus 0.27 ml/g min--1 to 0.49 plus or minus 0.10 ml/g min--1 in monkeys studied with 85Kr but only a 27% reduction in regional cerebral blood flow from 0.84 plus or minus 0.09 ml/g min- 1 to 0.61 plus or minus 0.08 ml/g min--1 in monkeys studied with 133Xe. The lack of correlation within areas of focal, incomplete ischemia was attributed to an impairment of isotope delivery to the area of ischemia coupled with the inherent lack of spatial resolution of determinations made with 133Xe. This finding may partly explain the numerous discrepancies in experimental and clinical studies of the effects of alterations in the arterial partial pressure of CO2 on regional cerebral blood flow in areas of ischemia; it may also explain the failure of such studies to reflect the true severity of focal ischemia. PMID- 1116220 TI - Enhanced renal prostaglandin production in the dog. I. Effects on renal function. AB - The changes in renal function produced by endogenous synthesis of prostaglandins by the kidney were evaluated by infusing sodium arachidonate, the prescursor of the prostaglandins, into one renal artery of the dog. These changes were compared with those produced by similar infusions on performed prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2alpha.PGE2given at 0.01-0.3 mug/kg min--1 produced dose-related increases in urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion, free water clearance, and renal blood flow. The glomerular filtration rage increased only at the lowest dose and the calculated filtration fraction fell. Arachidonic acid at 1.0-30.0 mug/kg min--1 similarly produced dose-related increases in electrolyte excretion, but the increase in renal blood flow was much less than that produced by PGE2 and there were no changes in glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, or free water clearances. PGF2alpha had essentially no effects at infusion rates of 0.03-1.0 mug/kg min--1. All renal effects of arachidonic acid were inhibited by simultaneous infusions of an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, 5, 8, 11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid (20:4). None of the effects produced by PGE2 were inhibited by 20:4. These results indicate that enhanced endogenous renal prostaglandin synthesis, which can be produced by arachidonate infusion, results in significant alterations of renal function. This finding strengthens the hypothesis that renal prostaglandins formed in vivo have physiological importance as regulators of renal function. PMID- 1116221 TI - Enhanced renal prostaglandin production in the dog. II. Effects on intrarenal hemodynamics. AB - The effects of enhanced endogenous production of prostaglandins by the kidney on the distribution of blood flow in the renal cortex were assessed by infusing sodium arachidonate, the precursor of the renal prostaglandins, into one renal artery of the dog. The changes produced with arachidonate (3 times 10--6 g/kg min 1 and 10--5 g/kg min--1) were compared with those produced by infusions of prostaglandin (PG) E2 (10--7 g/kg min--1) and PGF2alpha (3 times 10--7 g/kg min- 1) into one renal artery. Distribution of renal blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere technique. Sodium arachidonate caused an increase in blood flow to the inner cortical zones with no change in flow to the nephrons in the outermost quarter of the cortex. PGE2 increased flow to all cortical zones, and PGF2alpha produced no change in flow. Since arterial blood pressure did not change, changes in vascular resistance were reciprocal to changes in flow. Thus, vascular resistance fell in the inner cortical regions but not in the outer regions, with arachidonate infusions and in all regions of the cortex with PGE2 infusions; no changes were seen with PGF2alpha infusions. These data indicate that prostaglandin formed endogenously in the kidney affects the vascular resistance of only the inner cortical nephrons; the data thus support the hypothesis that renal prostaglandins are one mediator of renal autoregulation of blood flow. PMID- 1116222 TI - Renal intracortical blood flow distribution, function, and sodium excretion in unanesthetized dogs following vena caval ligation. AB - We studied the renal function and the intrarenal blood flow of nine dogs whose thoracic inferior vena cava had been previously ligated (caval dogs) and nine other dogs. Following preparative surgery which included placement of a left atrial catheter, a femoral artery catheter, and bilateral ureteral catheters, the caval dogs gained an average of 2.1 kg of fluid weight, whereas the normal dogs gained no weight. Although neither the caval dogs' blood pressure (114 plus or minus 7 vs 120 plus or minus 4 mm Hg) nor their inulin clearance (0.64 plus or minus 0.06 vs. 0.79 plus or minus 0.06 ml/min g-1 kidney weight) was significantly reduced, their estimated renal blood flow (Cpah/[1-hematocrit]) was considerably lower (2.30 plus or minus 0.24 vs. 3.25 plus or minus 0.15 ml/min g 1). During the clearance study, the caval dogs' excretion of sodium (79 plus or minus 18 vs. 158 plus or minus 17 muEq/min) and their fractional clearance of sodium (2.0 plus or minus 0.4 vs. 3.4 plus or minus 0.5%) were reduced. Studies with microspheres failed to demonstrate a selective decrease in blood flow. However, comparison studies of nine other dogs (five caval and four normal) demonstrated that microsphere results were less reproducible in caval dogs than they were in normal dogs. We have concluded taht reduced blood flow is the only consistent alteration of renal function in this edematous animal model and that previous suggestions of altered distribution are not supported by these studies. PMID- 1116223 TI - Permeability of connective tissue linings isolated from implanted capsules; implications for interstitial pressure measurements. AB - Quantification of the permeability of connective tissue linings isolated from implanted capsules was achieved by two types of experiments. The objective of the first type was to determine the restriction offered by the lining to diffusion of 125I-labeled human serum albumin. The restricted diffusion coefficient of albumin with respect to the connective tissue lining the luminal capsule surface (internal lining) averaged 3.0 times 10-7 plus or minus 0.4 times 10-7 cm2/sec in ten experiments indicating that the rate if migration of albumin across the structure was 35% of its free diffusion rate in water. In contrast, the albumin diffusion coefficient obtained for the abluminal (external) lining suggested that diffusion of albumin through this structure was 73% of the free diffusion rate in water. The objective of the second type of experiment was to determine solute reflection coefficients for inulin, serum albumin, and gamma-globulin with respect to the internal and external linings. For the internal lining, the reflection coefficients were: inulin 0.07, albumin0.23, and gamma-globulin 0.53. The external lining showed greater leakiness as evidenced by its lower reflection coefficient for a given molecule and its higher hydraulic conductivity. An equivalent pore calculation resulted in a calculated pore radius of 250-350 angstrom for the internal lining and a calculated pore radius of 500-600 angstrom for the external lining. The ineffectiveness of the leaky capsule lining in transmitting oncotic pressure suggests that under normal conditions the capsule measures interstitial hydrostatic pressure rather than oncotic pressure. PMID- 1116224 TI - Pulmonary parenchymal tissue volume measurements in graded degrees of pulmonary edema in dogs. AB - We investigated the accuracy and the sensitivity of a modification of the acetylene inhalation technique for the determination of lung tissue volume (Vt) during various grades of hemodynamic pulmonary edema in 23 dogs. After base-line acetylene measurements were obtained, intravascular driving force (pulmonary wedge pressure minus intravascular colloid osmotic pressure) was varied between 8 and +71 mm Hg by the inflation of an intra-aortic ballon and the infusion of isotonic saline. After 30 minutes at this new driving force, four timed acetylene samples were again collected. Vt (when factored by alveolar volume, VA) increased from base line to 0.23 plus or minus 0.07 ml/ml between a driving force of 0 and + 17 mm Hg. This same change in Vt/VA was accompanied by an increase in the lung wet weight-dry weight ratio from 3.84 plus or minus 0.31 to 5.2 plus or minus 0.25. Vt was 271 plus or minus ml compared with an actual lung wet weight of 288 plus or minus 57 g; Vt tended to overestimate lung wet weight in severe pulmonary edema. Alloxan-induced pulmonary edema (6 dogs) tended to parallel these data. We conclude that the acetylene method may ve a relatively accurate noninvasive method for the determination of increasing lung water in pulmonary edema. PMID- 1116225 TI - Letter: Muscle mechanics. PMID- 1116226 TI - Contractility in mammalian heart muscle; calcium and osmolality. AB - The influence of osmolality of the external medium on the calcium (Ca) dependency of contractility of isolated electrically excited cat papillary muscle was examined. Maximum unloaded velocity of shortening was directly measured by load clamping the muscle from the preload (at the length, Lmax, at which maximum active tension was developed) to zero load (zero load clamp). Peak velocity of shortening at the Lmax preload, peak total force, peak rate of force development, time to peak force, and time to half relaxation were also recorded. The performance-Ca response curves (Ca concentration between 1.25 nM and 10 nM) for maximum unloaded velocity of shortening, peak shortening velocity at Lmax preload, total force, and peak rate of force development were shifted to the left when osmolality was increased (from 290 mosmoles to 410 mosmoles) with sucrose, and to the right when osmolality was increased with NaCl. The sensitivity for Ca, as determined from the slopes of these response curves, appeared essentially unaltered by either sucrose or NaCl, except for the high Ca concentrations (above 5 mM) at the higher osmolalities (above 370 mosmoles) especially with sucrose. PMID- 1116227 TI - Anoxia-induced release of prostaglandins in rabbit isolated hearts. AB - We investigated the relationship between prostaglandin release and the coronary vasodilation evoked by anoxia. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused via the aorta with Krebs-Ringer's solution. The coronary effluent was bioassayed continuously in terms of prostaglandin E2 for prostaglandinlike substance which was present (at less than 1 ng/ml) in 60 of 66 hearts. This basal release was abolished by the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin (1-2 mug/ml), a result which adds further to the identity of the prostaglandinlike substance as a prostaglandin. Anoxia increased coronary flow sometimes by 100% and evoked prostaglandin release shortly thereafter. Ablolition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin pretreatment did not affect nor did infusion of exogenous prostaglandin mimic the anoxia-induced flow increment; thus, we conclude that prostaglandin release cannot account for the anoxia-induced vasodilator response. Furthermore, the failure of indomethacin to alter resting coronary blood flow suggests that a local prostaglandin release is not responsible for either the maintenance or the modulation of coronary flow in this preparation. PMID- 1116228 TI - Motion of the tricuspid valve annulus in anesthetized intact dogs. AB - Phasic variations in the size, position, and geometry of the tricuspid valve annulus during the cardiac cycle were studied in five normal anethetized dogs 2-6 weeks after 8-11 lead beads had been sutured on the endocardial surface of the valve ring during cardiopulmonary bypass. Field-by-field measurements from biplane videoangiograms were used to assess changes in valve ring size and shape during control hemodynamic conditions and during increased heart rates. In addition, the percutaneous production of a complete atrioventricular block in two dogs enabled us to observe the effect of isolated atrial contractions on the valve annulus. During normal sinus rhythm, progressive narrowing of the annulus during atrial and ventricular contractions reduced its area by 20-39% of the maximal valve circumference during diastole; approximately two-thirds of the total ring narrowing was associated with atrial systole. These findings suggest that one of the functions of atrial contraction is the reduction in size of the atrioventricular valve orifices prior to the onset of ventricular systole. PMID- 1116229 TI - Papillary muscle shortening in the intact dog; a cinderadiographic study of tranquilized dogs in the upright position. AB - Shortening of the anterior papillary muscle of the left ventricle was demonstrated in six intact, tranquilized dogs. Two small metal markers that had been surgically implanted 3-50 months earlier were cineradiographically photographed during approximately ten sequential cardiac cycles in each of two orthogonal positions. Distances between markers were plotted for successive frames. The resulting curves were used to obtain maximum velocities of papillary muscle shortening and lengthening: 1.08 plus or minus 0.29 muscle lengths/sec and 1.39 plus or minus 0.48 muscle lengths/sec, respectively. From the two orthogonal planes, the average maximum spatial distance and the average minimum spatial distance between the markers were calculated. The mean percent shortening of 22.8 plus or minus 6.5% was surprisingly large: it approximated the distance from the foot to the peak of the ascending limb of the myocardial length-tension curve derived from isolated muscle studies. Mechanical studies on isolated papillary muscle have consistently shown reduced shortening with increasing loads. Since the in vivo dog papillary muscle has been reported to be under considerable tension during systole, there appears to be some contradiction between the degree of shortening found in the present study and the shortening observed in isolated papillary muscle studies. PMID- 1116230 TI - Intimal injury and regrowth in the rabbit aorta; medial smooth muscle cells as a source of neointima. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of neointima formation in rabbit arteries subjected to extensive endothelial desquamation. Endothelial cells were selectively removed from the abdominal aorta by passing an inflated balloon catheter through the vessel. The healing response was then studied serially for up to a week, when neointima formation had provided a virtually complete cover. In en face preparations, the early neointimal cells appeared in random locations; they did not develop in apposition to residual, healthy endothelium. The possibility of blood cell colonization was explored by inserting killed aortic homografts. Since these homografts showed neointima formation only close to the site of junction with the normal aorta and as a direct extension of healthy endothelium, the likelihood of significant blood cell colonization was deemed small. Histologic and electron microscopic sections provided evidence that the early neointimal cells in the healing aorta were derived from medial smooth muscle cells. Healing of the injured arterial intima was accompanied by thickening instead of prompt restoration to normal, and the thickened intima resembled an arteriosclerotic plaque. The present study thus supports the concept that arteriosclerosis is a disease involving proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells. PMID- 1116231 TI - Effect of hemodilution on the distribution of renal blood flow. AB - We evaluated the effects of hemodilution, expansion of intravascular volume, and expansion of interstitial volume on the distribution of cortical renal blood flow, utilizing the microsphere technique. Hemodilution without volume expansion (saline exchange) produced an increase in fractional blood flow in zone 1 (outermost zone) of the cortex from 34 plus or minus 1% to 43 plus or minus 2% and a decrease in fractional blood flow in zone 4 (innermost zone) from 16 plus or minus 2% to 13 plus or minus 2%. Hemodilution without volume expansion or a decrease in plasma protein concentration (isoncotic exchange) produced a similar redistribution in blood flow in zone 1 from 34 plus or minus 2% to 41 plus or minus 2% and in zone 4 from 14 plus or minus 2% to 10 plus or minus 1%. Hemodilution with intravascular volume expansion (hyperoncotic albumin infusion) also produced a superficial shift; blood flow in zone 1 increased from 27 plus or minus 1% to 30 plus or minus 1% and that in zone 4 decreased from 19 plus or minus 2% to 15 plus or minus 1%. Previous studies have demonstrated a redistribution to the juxtamedullary area after saline expansion. Our data demonstrate that hemodilution causes flow to redistribute to the superficial rather than the deep cortex. This superficial shift appears to be secondary to decrease hematocrit rather than to dilution of plasma proteins or expansions of intravascular volume. The deep shift in cortical blood flow which occurs during saline loading is presumably a consequence of expansion of interstitial volume. PMID- 1116232 TI - Static and dynamic components in the vascular myogenic response to passive changes in length as revealed by electrical and mechanical recordings from the rat portal vein. AB - The effects of static and dynamic passive stretch and shortening on electrical activity and active force were analyzed in the isolated rat portal vein. Static stretch by 40% of muscle length evoked moderate excitatory effects with enhanced mechanical activity and an average increase in spike discharge of 12% above the control value of 55 plus or minus 2.6 spikes/min. The dynamic responses studied at various rates of length change (dL/dt) over the range between minus 12 and plus 12 mm/min, i.e., minus 3 and plus 3% muscle length/sec, were much more pronounced. Active force and spike activity showed graded increases with increasing rates of stretch. The electrical activity reached a value of 180 spikes/min (approximately equal to 325% of control) at 5 mm/min; this frequency was then maintained for stretch rates up to 12 mm/min. Mechanical activity during stretch was further reinforced by the shift along the length-tension diagram. Passive shortening at rates from minus 1 to minus 12 mm/min caused graded decreases in mechanical and electrical activity below the control levels, complete inhibition being observed at the latter dL/dt. Blockade of alpha and beta receptors indicated that the responses were myogenic in nature. The findings seem to provide direct support for the myogenic hypothesis of vascular tone and responses to stretch of the vascular wall, but they indicate that emphasis should be placed on the dynamic characteristics of the stimulus rather than its static nature. This emphasis constitutes a new concept in the myogenic control of the peripheral circulation. PMID- 1116233 TI - In vivo electrophysiological effects of lidocaine in canine acute myocardial infarction. AB - Lidocaine was administered as a rapid intravenous bolus injection followed by a constant-rate intravenous infusion to nine dogs with 2-hour-old myocardial infarctions. Bipolar electrograms were recorded from and effective refractory periods were determined in the infarcted and normal zones of the heart. Intervals (Q-EG) were measured from the onset of the QRS complex in a standard electrocardiogram limb lead to the major deflection of the recorded electrograms from the normal and infarcted zones. QRS duration and serum lidocaine concentration were also determined. At serum concentrations considered to be therapeutic, lidocaine prolonged the Q-EG intervals in the infarcted zones of the heart 17-26% at peak effect (P less than 0.01), but it had no effect on the Q-EG intervals in the normal zone except for a slight (1.5%) prolongation shortly after the initial intravenous bolus injection. Lidocaine also had no effect on QRS duration. Similarly, lidocaine prolonged the effective refractory period of the infarcted zone 23% (P less than 0.01) at peak effect but had no effect on the effective refractory period of the normal zone. Prior to lidocaine administration, the mean effective refractory period of the normal zone was 26 msec longer than that of the infarcted zone, but at peak drug effect the disparity in refractoriness was reduced to 1 msec. The present study thus shows that lidocaine has different effects in infarcted and normal zones of the heart. In delaying activation and prolonging the effective refractory period of the infarcted zone of the heart, lidocaine has local anesthetic actions which might explain its effectiveness in curtailing ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1116234 TI - A mechanism for the electrocardiogram response to left ventricular hypertrophy and acute ischemia. AB - A proposed mechanism for explaining the electrocardiographic response in left ventricular hypertrophy and in subendocardial and epicardial acute ischemia was incorporated in a mathematical model of electrical heart activity. The model of hypertrophy was simply an increase in cell size, and the principal effect on the computer-generated 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) was an increase in R-wave amplitude and ventricular activation time and a flattening or polarity reversal of the T wave. The model of acute ischemia was a reduction between plateau and resting potential of the transmembrane action potential. The principal effect on the computer-generated 12-lead ECGs was an S-T segment displacement up or down depending on the location of the lesion. This shift was linearly proportional to the severity of the ischemia, i.e., the reduction in electrical activity of the ischemic cell, and for a lesion of given severity the S-T segment shift was a measure of the area, not the volume, of ischemic tissue. Therefore, this model suggests that a direct correlation does not necessarily exist between volume measuring tests such as serum enzyme values in the case of necrosis and S-T segment shifts. PMID- 1116235 TI - Arterial fibrous proteins in cynomolgus monkeys after atherogenic and regression diets. AB - Fibrous proteins were measured in five arterial beds in adult cynomolgus monkeys after administration of atherogenic and regression regimens. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the monkeys a hypercholesterolemic diet containing 1.2% cholesterol for 17 months. A low-fat, cholesterol-free regression diet was then given for 60 days, 200 days, and 20 months. In atherosclerosis, collagen concentration (mg/g dry weight) and collagen content (mg/cm length of artery) both increased. At 200 days of regression the collagen concentration, but not the collagen content, was higher than it was in atherosclerosis. In late regression (20 months), the collagen content was lower than it was in atherosclerosis, although in the five arterial beds considered together the collagen concentration was not significantly lower. Both the elastin concentration and the elastin content rose in atherosclerosis and decreased in regression. These mass data suggest that fibrous proteins are lost from the arterial wall during a regression regimen. Correlative evidence suggests that younger intimal fibers may be chiefly susceptible to fibrolytic activity, leaving dense intimal scars characteristic of regressed arteries. PMID- 1116236 TI - Diminished inotropic response of aged myocardium to catecholamines. AB - The effect of advanced age on the response of active tension, maximal rate of tension development (dT/dt), and contraction duration to catecholamines and to calcium was evaluated in isometric trabeculae carneae from young adult (6-month old), middle-aged (12-month-old), and aged (25-month-old) rats. Control values were not age dependent except for that for contraction duration which was prolonged in the aged group. At a norepinephrine concentration of 8 times 10-5M, dT/dt increased to 163.8 plus or minus 5.3% of control in the young adult group and to 125.9 plus or minus 6.3% of control in the aged group (P smaller than 0.001). Active tension increased to 121.3 plus or minus 4.0% of control in the young adult muscles but did not increase in the aged muscles (P smaller than 0.01). Contraction duration shortened proportionately in both age groups. Similar results were obtained with isoproterenol. In contrast to the response to catecholamines, there was no age difference in the response of active tension and dT/dt to increasing concentrations of calcium. It is concluded that the intrinsic inotropic response to catecholamines is diminished in the aged myocardium. This finding does not appear to result from differences in tachyphylaxis, tissue uptake of catecholamines, or the ability of the contractile proteins to respond to increasing concentrations of calcium but instead may result from a decreased ability of catecholamines to increase the intracellular calcium available for contraction. PMID- 1116237 TI - Influence of carotid baroreceptors on vascular responses to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation in the dog. AB - The modification by the carotid baroreceptors of the vascular responses to chemoreceptor stimulation was studied in anesthetized, artificially ventilated, vagotomized dogs. The carotid bifurcations were vascularly isolated and perfused with blood at constant pressures of 134, 215, and 51 mm Hg to cause intermediate, maximal, and minimal inhibition, respectively, of the vasomotor center. At each pressure, stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptors was achieved by perfusion with hypoxic hypercapnic blood. With intermediate inhibition, the chemoreceptor stimulation increased the aortic pressure by 50% and decreased the hind-limb and kidney blood flow (perfusion at constant pressure) by 59% and 19%, respectively. At carotid sinus pressures of 215 and 51 mm Hg, the effects of chemoreceptor stimulation were absent or markedly attenuated. With intermediate sinus pressure, chemoreceptor stimulation decreased the perfusion pressure of the saphenous vein by 27% (perfusion at constant flow). When the sinus pressure was increased to 215 mm Hg, the tone of the vein did not change, but chemoreceptor stimulation was without effect. The present study indicates a central interaction (which may be presynaptic) between the chemoreceptor and baroreceptor inputs such that the vascular responses to chemoreceptor stimulation are inhibited when the carotid sinus activity is maximal or minimal. PMID- 1116238 TI - Calculations of pulsatile flow through a branch: implications for the hemodynamics of atherogenesis. AB - Numerical simulations of pulsatile blood flow through a symmetrical branch modeling the aortic bifurcation were carried out to assess several hemodynamic theories of atherogenesis by comparing the distribution of hemodynamic variables with that of early lesions in arterial branches. Considerable spatial and temporal variations in wall shear were found when the flow was pulsatile; the highest values occurred at the convex corner on the outer wall of the branch and in the neighborhood of the flow divider tip, and the lowest shears were experienced by the outer wall of the daughter vessel a short distance distal to the corner. Transient flow reversal occurred almost everywhere in the branch, and a transient separated region was found corresponding to the low-shear region in the daughter vessel. The shear profiles and the calculated separated region were influenced to some degree by the extent of flow development at the branch inlet and markedly by the branch area ratio. All of the proposed hemodynamic promoters of atherosclerosis that were examined--high shear, low shear, and separation- were found at sites in the branch where lesions commonly develop. Comparisons with a steady-flow calculation at the same mean flow rate showed that the severity of all of these proposed hemodynamic determinants was increased by pulsatility. PMID- 1116239 TI - Functional and hemodynamic adaptation to progressive renal ablation. AB - Removal of renal tissue stimulates functional and anatomical adaptation in the remaining renal parenchyma. Since recent studies have demonstrated no apparent limitation in compensatory growth following progressive surgical ablation, experiments were performed to determine the changes in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. After removal of 50% of the renal mass mean nephron glomerular filtration rate increased 60%, and after ablation of 75% of the renal tissue it increased 150%. These changes paralleled the increases in renal growth under the same conditions. In comparison, mean glomerular blood flow rose 90% and 240% after 50% and 75% nephrectomy, respectively; these changes in relation to the changes in glomerular filtration rate resulted in a progressive fall in the filtration fraction. Intrarenal blood flow distribution was examined with labeled microspheres. The marked increase in renal blood flow after surgical ablation was characterized by a disproportionate rise in blood flow to the inner cortex. The present investigation, therefore, described the remarkable functional changes that occur as overall glomerular filtration rate declines and provides further insight into the mechanism responsible for maintaining water and electrolyte homeostasis after loss of functioning renal mass. PMID- 1116240 TI - Sphingomyelin and other phospholipid metabolism in the rabbit atheromatous and normal aorta. AB - Hypercholesterolemia induces atheroma formation, and the concentration of sphingomyelin is increased compared with that in the normal aortic intima-media. The aortic intima-media sphingomyelin concentration appears to increase exponentially with time on the cholesterol diet. Moreover, the entry rate of serum sphingomyelin into the aortic wall also appears to increase exponentially with time on the cholesterol diet and with the extent of aortic exposure to hypercholesterolemia. 32P-Phosphate incorporation into sphingomyelin and other phospholipids in the perfused rabbit aorta does not increase with atheromatosis, but the rate of sphingomyelin entry increases 27-fold during approximately the same period of atheroma formation and can account for all of the increase in sphingomyelin concentration in the intima-media. PMID- 1116241 TI - Letter: Renal autoregulation. PMID- 1116242 TI - Brain amines and models of experimental hypertension. PMID- 1116243 TI - Hypothermic arrest and potassium arrest: metabolic and myocardial protection during elective cardiac arrest. AB - Hypothermic arrest, potassium arrest, and ischemic arrest, either singly or in combination, with or without coronary perfusion were studied in an isolated perfused rat heart preparation. Procedures that permitted the maintenance of high cellular levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate during arrest, e.g., coronary perfusion with hypothermic solutions or solutions containing 16.0 mM potassium, produced a fully reversible arrest with complete cardiac recovery. Cardiac arrest and coronary flow were related to the degree of hypothermia and the concentration of potassium in the coronary perfusate, and the minimum conditions required to induce complete cardiac arrest were ascertained. The effects of hypothermia and potassium were additive; total cardiac arrest could be obtained by combining small evaluations of potassium with moderate hypothermia. Under these conditions, cellular high-energy phosphates were maintained, and complete recovery was possible. Under conditions in which arrest was obtained without maintaing coronary perfusion, e.g., ischemic arrest, cellular high-energy phosphates declined rapidly, and the hearts exhibited poor recoveries. Some protection could be afforded to the ischemic myocardium by topical hypothermia or by combining the ischemia with potassium arrest. In both instances, ATP and creatine phosphate were maintained at higher levels, and improved recoveries were observed. PMID- 1116244 TI - A one-dimensional viscoelastic model of cat heart muscle studied by small length perturbations during isometric contraction. AB - To develop a model of heart muscle, we studied cat papillary muscle contracting in a quasi-isometric condition under a fixed inotropic state. The properties of resting muscle were determined by using a step stretch of less than 1.2% of Lmax for initial lengths from 85 to 100% Lmax. The passive force response suggested the model of the passive branch (Fig. 1). All five parameters were small at muscle lengths below 95% of Lmax but increased markedly at longer lengths. The properties of contracting muscle were studied with a sinusoidal length change (amplitude less than 0.15% of Lmax, frequency 0.1-35.0 Hz). The frequency response of active (total minus passive) stiffness suggested the model of the active branch (Fig. 1). We determined the dependency of the elastic elements (K, Ks) and the viscous element (C) on length and time by recording the frequency response at various combinations of length and time Ks varied linearly with active force (FA). K and C exhibited time courses that paralleled FA up to 0.6tmax, and they maintained their values until 1.4tmax. K then fell toward zero, whereas C exhibited a secondary rise before it fell toward zero. K was dependent of length up to 95% of Lmax and then began to decline, but C varied in proportion to muscle length. PMID- 1116245 TI - Continuous inhibition of renin release in dogs by vagally innervated receptors in the cardiopulmonary region. AB - Inhibition of the release of renin by vagal afferents from the heart and lungs was studied in 14 dogs with their aortic nerves cut and their carotid sinuses vascularly isolated. The release of renin from one kidney was calculated from the venous-arterial difference in plasma renin activity (radioimmunoassay) and the renal blood flow (electromagnetic flowmeter). Renin release was determined before and during temporary interruption of afferent vagal nerve traffic (bilateral cooling of the cervical vagi). With carotid sinus pressure maintained at 40 mm Hg, vagal cooling increased mean aortic blood pressure (24%), decreased renal blood flow (19%), and increased renin release (241%). With sinus pressure maintained at the mean aortic blood pressure existing during the control period, vagal cooling caused a lesser increase in mean aortic blood pressure (12%), little decrease in renal blood flow (7%), and a marked increase in renin release (522%). The changes in renal blood flow and renin release with vagal cooling were prevented by renal denervation. Thus, vagal afferents from the cardiopulmonary region exert a tonic restraint on the release of renin; this restraint occurs in circumstances in which these afferents cause little change in total renal blood flow. PMID- 1116246 TI - Baroreceptor reflex effects on transient and steady-state hemodynamics of salt loading hypertension in dogs. AB - Intact dogs were compared with barorecptor-denervated dogs to determine the extent to which the baroreceptor reflexes delay the onset and offset transients and alter the final steady-state levels of salt-loading hypertension. Two months after their renal mass had been reduced to about one-third of normal, hypertension was produced in both groups of dogs by continuous intravenous infusion of isotonic saline (190 ml/kg day-1). Major hemodynamic variables were recorded continuously 24 hours/day throughout the experimental period. Both groups of dogs had similar control 24-hour arterial blood pressure values: intact dogs averaged 112 plus or minus 4.1 (SE) mm Hg, and denervated dogs averaged 110 plus or minus 4.3 mm Hg. Both groups reached the same average plateau of elevated arterial blood pressure: intact dogs averaged 142 plus or minus 4.8 mm Hg, and denervated dogs averaged 142 plus or minus 8.7 mm Hg. After the start of salt loading, the denervated dogs reached their plateau level of arterial blood pressure in an average of 8 hours compared with nearly 24 hours for the intact dogs. Cardiac output also rose more rapidly in the denervated dogs and reached a maximum elevation of 26% above the control level in an average of 7.4 hours compared with a maximum elevation of 40% above control in the intact dogs in 18 hours. Total peripheral resistance fell below the control level during the entire first day of infusion in the intact dogs but was somewhat elevated in the denervated dogs. When the saline infusion stopped, arterial blood pressure in both groups returned to control levels within 24 hours. The results indicate that the major action of the baroreceptor reflexes on the onset of salt-loading hypertension is to slow the development of hypertension by modifying the total peripheral resistance; the final steady-state level of hypertension is unaffected by the baroreceptor reflexes. PMID- 1116247 TI - Arterial lysosomes and connective tissue in primate atherosclerosis and hypertension. AB - The cellular events that occur in the vessel wall consequent to changes in endothelial permeability result in the progression of vascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis. Female rhesus monkeys were fed an atherogenic diet or were made hypertensive for 6-8 months; and their vessels were then compared with vessels from control monkeys. Length-defined segments of coronary vessels, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta showed significant increases in total connective tissue in the atherosclerotic and hypertensive groups; pulmonary vessels did not. The diseased aortic segments had increased levels of two lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase; pulmonary vessels were not diseased and did not show these changes. Coronary vessels from the atherosclerotic and hypertensive groups did not show an increase in enzyme levels on biochemical measurements, but focal accumulations of lysosomes were identified by cytochemical techniques. In atherosclerotic lesions, a doubling of cholesterol and more than a tenfold increase in cholesterol ester were found. These connective tissue and lysosomal changes are early features of primate vascular disease and may result from the accumulation of excessive substrate (cholesterol ester) in the lysosomes of vascular smooth muscle cells. PMID- 1116248 TI - A reporting system on patients evaluated for coronary artery disease. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee for Grading of Coronary Artery Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery, American Heart Association. PMID- 1116249 TI - A forty-year review of bacterial endocarditis in infancy and childhood. AB - A retrospective review of 149 episodes of bacterial endocarditis (BE) in 141 patients under 25 years of age, at The Children's Hospital Medical Center from 1933 through June of 1972, demonstrates increasing survival and a distinct change in the frequency of underlying congenital heart disease and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Certain forms of congenital heart disease such as tetralogy of Fallot, small ventricular septal defect, and aortic stenosis are at particular risk for BE. Following BE, patients with ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot have less morbidity and higher survival rates than children with aortic outflow lesions. over the entire time period, alpha Streptococcus is the most common pathogen and Staphylococcus aureus, second most frequent organism. Surgical correction in patients with congenital heart disease may offer the best form of prevention. PMID- 1116250 TI - Diastolic vibration of the interventricular septum in aortic insufficiency. AB - The echocardiograms of 46 patients with aortic insufficiency which manifested typical high frequency vibrations of the anterior mitral valve leaflet were reviewed. All patients had overt clinical evidence of aortic insufficiency which was confirmed by angiography in 17 cases. In 17 cases (eight of whom underwent catheterization and angiography), high frequency diastolic vibrations of the interventricular septum of similar frequency to those on the anterior mitral leaflet were observed. This finding was not seen in 100 control echocardiograms from patients without clinical evidence of aortic insufficiency, and represents a previously undescribed echocardiographic manifestation of this lesion. PMID- 1116251 TI - Clinical measurement of myocardial infarct size. Modification of a method for the estimation of total creatine phosphokinase release after myocardial infarction. AB - A modified method for the measurement of total creatine phosphokinase release from venous blood samples taken four-hourly after myocardial infarction has been used in 43 patients admitted to a Coronary Care Unit. The fractional decay rate (Kd) of enzyme activity has been measured by a standardized method in each patient, and accuracy of the calculation of total enzyme release has been improved by allowance for individual variations in decay rate, and discarding of data from which decay rates cannot be measured within confidence limits of less than plus or minus 15 per cent. Total enzyme release was greater in cases of transmural infarction than in patients with subendocardial infarction, and showed a good positive correlation with clinical indices of the extent of myocardial damage. As noted by previous workers, this method allows for the measurement of the rate as well as the extent of enzyme release, and so should prove useful in the clinical evaluation of therapeutic agents which might accelerate or retard the rate of myocardial necrosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1116252 TI - The effect of hypoglycemia on myocardial ischemic injury during acute experimental coronary artery occlusion. AB - To determine the effect of hypoglycemia on myocardial ischemic injury following coronary artery occlusion epicardial electrograms were recorded 15 minutes after two 20-minute coronary artery occlusions in seven anesthetized dogs. The first occlusion was a control (blood glucose 85 plus or minus 5(sd) mg per cent). Before the second occlusion hypoglycemia was induced (blood glucose 40 plus or minus 5 mg per cent) by the intravenous administration of insulin (2 units/kg). The average ST-segment elevation in leads during control was 3.5 plus or minus 1.0 mV which rose to 6.1 plus or minus 1.4 mV during the second occlusion (P smaller than 0.05). The number of sites showing ST-segment elevation exceeding 2 mV increased from 7.6 plus or minus 1.6 during control to 10.6 plus or minus 1.4 (P smaller than 0.05) during the occlusion with hypoglycemia. In other dogs, a coronary artery was occluded for 24 hours. Epicardial ST-segment elevations were compared to creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and histological appearance from the same sites. CPK activity in sites with normal ST segments (0-2 mV) was 33.1 plus or minus 6.0 IU/mg protein. Six additional dogs received insulin following the 15 minute epicardial map and blood sugar was maintained at a level of 46 plus or minus 6 mg per cent for the 24 hours. These dogs showed more myocardial necrosis than predicted by the ST-segment elevation prior to insulin administration. Forty-six percent of sites, which in control dogs would have been expected to have normal CPK and histological appearance, showed depressed CPK activity and histological evidence of early myocardial necrosis. Thus, hypoglycemia increases myocardial damage, as reflected by enzymatic and histological analyses. PMID- 1116253 TI - Persistence of MB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase in the serum after minor iatrogenic cardiac trauma. Absence of postmortem evidence of myocardial infarction. AB - The specificity of serum CPK-MB for acute myocardial infarction was examined by retrospective analysis of 401 consecutive patients admitted to Coronary Care Unit over a three and one-half year period with suspected infarction in whom the isoenzyme was subsequently detected. Four patients (1 per cent) who died during the hospital admission had no autopsy evidence of acute myocardial infarction. All four had experienced mild iatrogenic cardiac trauma, following which serum CPK-MG persisted for at least 24 hours. In one patient, a permanent pacemaker had been inserted by the transmediastinal approach. Two patients had been subjected to closed chest cardiac massage and intracardiac puncture, and one to external cardiac massage alone. The findings suggest that persistent identification of serum CPK-MB, although specific for myocardial necrosis, cannot be regarded as diagnostic of myocardial infarction. The implications of this are important to treatment of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and operative trauma to the heart. PMID- 1116254 TI - Thallium-201 for myocardial imaging. Relation of thallium-201 to regional myocardial perfusion. AB - Following intravenous administration, the myocardial concentration of tracer thallium-201, potassium-43, and rubidium-81 were determined in mice; thallium was present in the greatest concentration in the myocardium (2.08% compared 1.25% for potassium and 1.15% for rubidium at 10 minutes). The regional myocardial distribution of thallium-201 was determined in dogs under conditions of normal flow, and total occlusion, and compared with potassium-43 (r=0.97). The regional distribution of thallium-201 was compared to microspheres under conditions of partial occlusion and reactive hyperemia (r=0.97). Thallium-201 was evaluated in a series of phantom scans, which demonstrated that the low energy X-ray of thallium was suitable for imaging. These results suggest that thallium-201 can be used for the evaluation of the distribution of regional myocardial perfusion. PMID- 1116255 TI - Primary T wave abnormalities caused by uniform and regional shortening of ventricular monophasic action potential in dog. AB - We correlated primary T wave changes with the changes of monophasic action potentials (MAP) recorded with suction electrodes from the ventricular surface of the dog heart following systemic or intracoronary infusions of small doses of isoproterenol (ISP). The portions of the heart perfused with ISP were excised and weighed to determine the mass of perfused tissue. ISP shortened the ventricular MAP by an average of 12-18 msec in the entire ventricular mass following systemic administration, in 34 plus or minus 6 per cent of the ventricular mass after injection into the left circumflex coronary artery (LCA), in 8.5 plus or minus 2.6% of the ventricular mass after injection into a branch of LCA and in 17 plus or minus 8 per cent of the ventricular mass after injection into the right CA. The MAP changes induced by ISP were similar to the transmembrane action potential changes recorded with microelectrodes from papillary muscles excised from the same dogs. The most important results of this study showed that: 1) the early and the late effects of ISP administration produced opposite effects on the T wave polarity. The early T wave change was associated with nonhomogeneous and the late change with homogeneous MAP shortening; 2) the T wave change was greater after infusion into LCA than after systemic administration, 3) the T wave change was greater after infusion into LCA than after infusion into LCA branch apparently because of greater mass of the ISP-perfused myocardium; 4) the T wave change was greater after infusion into LCA branch than after infusion into RCA, apparently due to the unequal regional repolarization contribution to the T wave; 5) the ventricular gradient did not always reflect the magnitude of the primary T wave change. Our study helps to identify factors contributing to high sensitivity and low specificity of T wave abnormalities. PMID- 1116256 TI - The evaluation of left ventricular function in man. A comparison of methods. AB - Comparisons of the sensitivities of parameters for assessing left ventricular performance in man were made in 38 patients. The parameters compared were the ejection fraction, ventriculographic contraction patterns, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and the contractile indices including the contractile element velocity at 10 mm Hg (Vce 10) and maximal contractile element velocity (Vmax). The contractile indices were obtained by catheter tip manometry, utilizing developed pressure (DP) to calculate the velocity of contractile element shortening (Vce) from the formula: dp/dt divided by 32 DP. Vce 10 was measured directly and Vmax was derived by linear manual extrapolation of the pressure-velocity plot to 0 mm Hg. Vmax values derived from linear manual extrapolation were compared with values obtained by computer least squares fitting of the Vce and developed pressure data points to single and double exponential equations. The Vce and developed pressure data points fit the single exponential equation better than the double exponential equation but the use of either equation resulted in slightly higher values for Vmax than obtained with linear manual extrapolation. The effect of heart rate on myocardial contractility was eliminated by making comparisons at both a basal and atrial paced rate of 100. Utilizing all methods, 24 patients were identified to have ventricular dysfunction. The contractile indices were significantly less sensitive than any other parameter (P smaller than 0.05) and identified seven patients while the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, ejection fraction, and presence of asynergy identified 15, 15, and 12 patients, respectively. The use of a common atrial paced rate of 100 did not increase the sensitivity of the contractile indices. Since there was only partial overlapping between parameters in the identification of left ventricular dysfunction, the combination of different parameters was more sensitive than any single parameter alone. It is concluded that several methods are required to identify all patients with left ventricular dysfunction and that the contractile indices are the least sensitive indicator of left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 1116257 TI - Serum digitoxin concentrations in infants and children. AB - Serum digitoxin levels were measured in 18 infants (under two years) and in 23 children (aged 2-13 years) receiving maintenance therapy. Digitalization was carried out because of heart failure in 17 infants and 13 children and for control of dysrhythmia in one infant and 10 children. Mean maintenance dosage for infants was 0.0042 plus or minus 0.0008 (sd) mg/kg/day and for children was 0.0031 plus or minus 0.0012 mg/kg/day. The mean serum digitoxin level was not significantly different in infants (30 plus or minus 10 ng/ml, range 14-58) from that found for children (34 plus or minus 11 ng/ml, range 19-61). Both values were significantly different (P smaller than 0.001) from those determined in this laboratory for adults (mean 24 plus or minus 7 ng/ml, range 5-39). In four infants with electrocardiographic or other evidence of toxicity, the mean serum level was 71 plus or minus 2 ng/ml (range 68-72), and in four children with electrocardiographic or other evidence of toxicity, the mean serum level for digitoxin was 72 plus or minus 14 ng/ml (range 53-84). The data suggest that infants and children tolerate a higher serum digitoxin concentration without any evidence of toxicity and may require more digitoxin (mg/kg) for therapeutic effect than do adults. Serum digitoxin levels may serve as an important guide in determining the adequacy of digitalization and in the recognition and management of digitalis toxicity. PMID- 1116258 TI - The course of the conduction system in single ventricle with inverted (L-) loop and inverted (L-) transposition. AB - The conduction systems of three hearts with single ventricle and inverted (L-) loop and inverted (L-) transposition were studied by serial section. The course of the conduction system was similar in all three hearts. The regular (posterior) atrioventricular (A-V) node was rudimentary and did not form the bundle of His. An accessory (anterior) A-V node was present in the roof of the right atrium. This node pierced the connective tissue adjacent to the right side of the pulmonary annulus to form the bundle of His. The bundle proceeded into the main ventricular chamber lying on the septum between this chamber and the small outlet chamber. It bifurcated a varying distance from the defect in this septum. The right bundle branch proceeded through the septal wall to the trabeculae of the outlet chamber. The left bundle branch proceeded to caudad on the anterior wall of the main ventricular chamber. An unusual feature in one case was the splitting of the anterior node into two parts, one forming the bundle of His, and the other giving off Mahaim fibers to the ventricular myocardium. The surgical importance of avoiding the right side of the pulmonary annulus and the region adjoining the defect is stressed. PMID- 1116259 TI - Congenital mitral valve disease in transposition of the great arteries. AB - A spectrum of mitral valve disease was noted in 71 per cent of 163 specimens with transposition of the great arteries. At one end of the spectrum were hearts with normal mitral valve, except that the free margin of the anterior leaflet was shortened; at the other end were specimens with underdevelopment of the space between or behind the papillary muscles of the left ventricle. In additional specimens the anterior leaflet was indented and attached by chordae tendineae to the ventricular septum. PMID- 1116260 TI - Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity in borderline hypertension. AB - The sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex in nine patients with borderline hypertension (mean age 19.1 plus or minus 0.2 years) was compared to that in six normal subjects of comparable age (mean 18.8 plus or minus 0.3 years) and that in 14 patients with established hypertension (mean age 48.3 plus or minus 3.1 years). The sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex was assessed by determining the slope of the regression line relating the rise of systolic pressure to the prolongation of the R-R Interval during the transient rise of arterial pressure induced by an intravenous injection of phenylephrine. The average baroreceptor slope in nine patients with borderline hypertension was 9.1 plus or minus 0.8 msec/mm Hg, which was significantly less than that in six normal subjects (16.0 plus or minus 2.0; P smaller than 0.01), but was greater than that in 14 patients with established hypertension (4.9 plus or minus 0.7; P smaller than 0.01). The significant negative correlation was found as the baroreceptor slope was related to the mean arterial pressure in patients with borderline hypertension and normal subjects, all of whom were 20 years old or less. Attenuation of the baroreceptor sensitivity may influence the maintenance of raised arterial pressure in borderline hypertension. PMID- 1116261 TI - Catheter positions in congenital cardiac malformations. AB - Biplane cineangiocardiograms were examined from a population of patients with diverse forms of congenital heart disease and examples were selected to illustrate catheter positions which may help define and elucidate the anatomy of simple and complex cardiac lesions. Familiarity with the appearance of these typical and atypical catheter positions may be of considerable aid in the course of hemodynamic study and in the evaluation of cineangiocardiograms. The editors suggest that each figure be evaluated as an unknown before reading the caption. PMID- 1116262 TI - Thin-layer chromatography and enzyme immunoassay of L-alpha-acetyl methadol and methadone metabolites in urine. PMID- 1116263 TI - Nature of materials in serum that interfere in the glucose oxidase-peroxidase-0 dianisidine method for glucose, and their mode of action. PMID- 1116264 TI - Chemical basis and specificity of chemical screening tests for urinary vanilmandelic acid. PMID- 1116265 TI - Preliminary evaluation of a latex agglutination-inhibition tube test for morphine. PMID- 1116266 TI - Gas-chromatographic determination of theophylline in human serum and saliva. PMID- 1116267 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay on polystyrene beads and its application to dopamine beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 1116268 TI - Electronic corection of values that are "off-scale" in the "SMA-6" system for continuous-flow analysis. PMID- 1116269 TI - Inactivated serum vs saline as a diluent in some serum enzyme assays. PMID- 1116270 TI - Radioimmunoassay of digoxin--interference by digitoxin. PMID- 1116271 TI - Azide as a preservative in assays of aspartate aminotransferase activity. PMID- 1116272 TI - Unusual variant of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. PMID- 1116273 TI - Letters: Phase equilibria of oxygen in blood-gas control samples. PMID- 1116274 TI - Letter: "Chromolytic" methods for alpha-amylase. PMID- 1116275 TI - Letter: Guanidine interference in determination creatine kinase. PMID- 1116276 TI - Letter: Fully automated procedure for serum magnesium. PMID- 1116277 TI - Letter: Identification of the major product from the acid-catalyzed reaction of ethchlorvynol. PMID- 1116278 TI - Letter: On kinetics of the cholesterol-sulfuric acid reaction. PMID- 1116279 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of heart and liver diseases. PMID- 1116280 TI - Enzymatic determination of serum urea on the surface of silicone-rubber pads. AB - An enzymatic, fluorometric method is described for determination of serum urea on silicone-rubber pads. In this method, the reagents are lyophilized on the surface of the pads, NADH on one side and a mixture of urease, glutamate dehydrogenase, and alpha-ketoglutarate on the other. The rate of disappearance of NADH fluorescence at 460nm (excitation wavelength, 340 nm) is monitored and related to serum urea concentration. The calibration curve is linear to 250 mg of urea per liter. The method affords a rapid, simple, and inexpensive means for urea assay, the results of which correlate well with automatic diacetyl monoxime method (correlation coefficient, 0.998). PMID- 1116281 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic detection and identification of methaqualone metabolites in urine. AB - A procedure for detecting methaqualone and identifying methaqualone metabolites in urine by thin-layer chromatography is described and evaluated. Urine is hydrolyzed with HCl or NaIO4, adjusted to pH 9.5, and extracted with chloroform. The chloroform extract is evaporated, reconstituted in methanol, applied to fluorescent silica-gel plates, and developed with ethyl acetate:methanol:ammonium hydroxide (28%) (85:10:5 by vol). Methaqualone use is detected by a pattern of four metabolites, which can be seen under ultraviolet light or are made visible by acidified iodoplatinate reagent. Synthetic methaqualone metabolites are used for identification and to compensate for procedural variables. More than 250 positive urine specimens were correctly identified by this method. Hydrolyzed natural and synthetic metabolites were identical by several criteria. PMID- 1116282 TI - Radioimmunoassay of drugs subject to abuse: critical evaluation of urinary morphine-barbiturate, morphine, barbiturate, and amphetamine assays. AB - Radioimmunoassays for morphine-barbiturate (MOR-BARB), morphine, barbiturate, and amphetamine were evaluated by a direct comparison with differential elution extraction thin-layer chromatography, the "enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique," and XAD-2 resin extraction thin-layer chromatography for the detection in urine of drugs subject to abuse. Statistically significant (Psmaller than 0.01) concentrations for detection were: 50-100 mug/liter for MOR-BARB; 5 Mug/liter for morphine, 10 mug/liter for barbiturate, and 100 mug/liter for amphetamine. Unconfirmed and unaccounted-for radioimmunoassay positives (false) were: 0% for morphine in the radioimmunoassay for MOR-BARB and that for morphine alone; 2.8% for barbiturates in the MOR-BARB assay and that for barbiturates alone; 0-6% when a combination of these drugs was present in the MOR-BARB, morphine, or barbiturate assay; and 2.4% in the amphetamine radioimmunoassay. Less than 1% of all radioimmunoassay-negative samples were unconfirmed (false). Cross-reactivity was observed with drugs of a similar chemical structure in each of the radioimmunoassays tested. All the radio-immunoassays were easy to use, highly sensitive, and extremely reliable for detecting drug use or abuse. PMID- 1116283 TI - Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP): a simple, sensitive fluorometric screening test for lead poisoning. PMID- 1116284 TI - A burgeoning branch of clinical analysis. PMID- 1116285 TI - Trace-element nutrition in health and disease: contributions and problems of analysis. PMID- 1116286 TI - Binding of 63Ni (II) to ultrafiltrable constituents of rabbit serum in vivo and in vitro. AB - Binding of 63Ni(ll) to ultrafiltrable constituents of rabbit serum was studied (a) after in vitro incubation (2 h, 37 degrees C) of rabbit serum with 63NiCl2 (10-100 mumol/liter), and (b) at intervals (0.25-2 h) after in vivo administration of 63NiCl2(40-160 mumol/kg body wt,i.v.). Serum ultrafiltrates were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography, and the separated compounds made visible by autoradiography and by ninhydrin staining. Severel (congruent to 5) ultrafilitrable 63Ni-complexes were demonstrable as distinct radiodense 63Ni bands with chromatographic mobilities corresponding to those of ninhydrin positive bands. Unbound 63Ni(ll) was not detected in serum ultraviltrates in either the in vitro or in vivo experiments. In sera (n equals 10) incubated in vitro with 63Ni(ll) (10 mumol/liter), the mean percentage of ultrafiltrable 63Ni was 36% (range equals 33-38) of total serum 63Ni. In contrast, in sera (n equals 10) obtained 2 h after i.v. injection of 63Ni(ii) (40 mumol/kg), the mean concentration of total serum 63Ni was 10.8 mumol/kg), the mean concentration of total serum 63Ni was 10.8 mumol/liter (ranger equals 6-14), and the mean percentage of ultrafiltrable 63Ni was 15% (range equals 9-21) of total serum 63Ni. The disparity between the percentages of ultrafiltrable 63Ni obtained in vitro and in vivo was obviated when the in vivo experiments were performed in rabbits bilaterally nephrectomized, with ligated common bile ducts. This investigation confirms the existence of several nickel receptors in serum ultrafilitrates and substantiates the role of ultrafiltrable complexes in the excretion of nickel. PMID- 1116287 TI - Micro-scale blood lead determinations in screening: evaluation of factors affecting results. AB - The Delves micro-scale technique for blood lead analysis is an accurate method for screening capillary blood specimens, obtained by fingerstick, for lead intoxication. Results are affected by the age of cup, loop, and hollow-cathode tube and by the spatial relationship between optical tube and cup. Because the glass in many commercially available capillary tubes (used in specimen collection) contains lead and cannot be decontaminated, a lead-free glass tube must be used. A solution of citric acid in ethanol (20 g/liter) effectively cleanses the puncture site. A double-blind study of 207 specimens gave a mean value of 276.6 plus or minus 105.8 mug/liter (1SD) for the micro-scale method vs. 273.2 plus or minus 99.0 for a macro-scale method. The mean coefficent of variation for the micro-scale method was 5.75 percent plus or minus 1.9 (SD). We conclude that values of 480 mug/liter or below are not "toxic" (i.e., are significantly less than 600 mug/liter, the value at which therapy is begun). The method is shown to be satisfactory as a screening procedure and for confirming lead analyses done by other methods. PMID- 1116288 TI - Effect of zinc deficiency and repletion on thymidine metabolism. AB - We studied the effect of zinc deficiency on thymidine metabolism in intact and wounded rats. Zinc deficiency was associated with significantly decreased incorporation of [methyl-3H] thymidine into skin DNA of both intact and wounded rats, as shown by liquid scintillation counting and autoradiography. With wounding, proliferation--as gauged by the labeling index--increased to about twice normal for zinc-supplemented rats, but 3.5-fold for zinc-deficient rats. However, despite the increased proliferation rate, wound-healing in deficient rats was always slower than in zinc-supplemented animals. Incorporation of 3H labeled thymidine into spleen DNA at 2 and 4 h, and liver DNA at 4 h was also significantly less in zinc-deficient rats than in zinc-supplemented rats. Conversely, DNA synthesis was enhanced in the thymus gland of zinc-deficient rats. Further studies showed that significantly higher percentages of [methyl 14C] thymidine were oxidized by zinc-deficient rats. The specific involvement of the methyl group of thymidine was indicated by the observation of normal oxidattions of [2-14C] thymidine. These findings support the view that zinc directly regulates DNA synthesis. PMID- 1116289 TI - Intercomparison program of lead, mercury, and cadmium analysis in blood, urine, and aqueous solutions. AB - Sixty-six European laboratories participated in an intercomparison program of lead, mercury, and cadmium analysis in blood, urine, and aqueous solutions. The experimental protocol was designed in such a way that the effect of precision, experience, and analytical method could be evaluated. For all the analyses, the scatter of the reported results is important. The major factor influencing the variability of the results is the intralaboratory variation. Analytical methods and degree of experience do not seem to have a significant influence. However, with the exception of mercury determination in urine, a satisfactory intralaboratory precision is not sufficient to make the interlaboratory variation acceptable. It appears that systematic errors are responsible for the high interlaboratory variation observed between "precise" laboratories. PMID- 1116290 TI - Micromethod for lead determination in whole blood by atomic absorption, with use of the graphite furnace. AB - I describe a micro-scale method for determining lead in whole blood by utilizing a graphite furnace. Sample pretreatment consists of fivefold dilution with a dilute surfactant. The method is directly calibrated with lead standards prepared in dilute HNO3. To eliminate a small, nonspecific absorption signal from the blood matrix, simultaneous background correction is used. Interlaboratory comparison with a flame atomic absorption technique that requires extraction yielded high correlation (r equal to 0.98). Within-run precision (coefficient of variation) ranged from 2 to 4 percent. Lead in blood can be accurately measured in as little as 20 mul of blood, hence the method is suitable for routine laboratory use and for pediatric screening. PMID- 1116291 TI - Technique for determining nickel in blood by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - We describe a technique for determining nickel in serum by flameless atomic absorption, with use of dimethylglyoxime. The procedure permits a greater number of analyses per technician at a relatively low cost, yet provides acceptable accuracy and reliability. After the sample is evaporated and dry ashed in a muffle furnace at 560 degrees C for 5 h, the residual salts are dissolved in hydrochloric acid (1 mol/liter). Sodium citrate and dimethylglyoxime are then added for complexation of iron and nickel, respectively. The pH is adjusted to 9 with ammonia and the nickel dimethylglyoxime is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone. The determination is carried out by injecting 50 mul of the organic phase into the graphite furnace, where the sample is dried at 120 degrees C and ashed at 1200 degrees C, respectively. PMID- 1116292 TI - Serum and tissue enzyme activity and trace-element content in response to zinc deficiency in the pig. AB - Zinc deficiency is associated with poor growth and development. It has been postulated that a deficiency of the various zinc metalloenzymes results from the lack of dietary zinc. From present study, an examination of some aspects of this postulate, we conclude the following about zinc deficiency in pigs: (1) Of the tissues studied, it results im diminished zinc content only in liver, kidney, and pancreas. (2) It is associated with tissue abnormalities of various trace elements other than zinc. (3) Histochemical enzyme assays are satisfactory for qualitative but not quantitative determination of zinc metalloenzymes. (4) Deficiency of various tissue zinc metalloenzymes is difficult to demonstrate, even in severe zinc deficiency. (5) It is associated with decreased activity of hepatic leucine aminopeptidase and ornithine transcarbamylase, and decreased serum cholesterol concentrations. Our findings are consistent with the postulate that alterations in a number of trace elements may occur in the entity called zinc deficiency. PMID- 1116293 TI - Influence of myocardial infarction on serum manganese, copper, and zinc concentrations. AB - Reportedly, serum manganese concentrations increase after myocardial infarction, closely correlated with increased serum aspartate aminotransferase activity. However, these conclusions are apparently based on analyses of contaminated samples. Serum manganese concentrations after myocardial infarction have been re investigated by neutron activation analysis, and no significant increase could be demonstrated. Because serum copper and zinc could be determined simultaneously, analyses for these trace elements are also reported, which confirm the findings of others. After myocardial infarction a statistically significant (0.02 smaller than P smaller than 0.05) increase in serum copper and a statistically significant (0.001 smaller than P smaller than 0.01) decrease in serum zinc were observed. PMID- 1116294 TI - Zinc deficiency in sickle cell disease. AB - Clinical similarities between patients with sickle cell anemia and zinc-deficient subjects suggested a secondary zinc deficiency in sickle cell anemia. Zinc was assayed in various biological fluids and tissues by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Zinc in the plasma, erythrocytes, and hair was decreased and urinary zinc excretion was increased in anemia patients as compared to controls. Erythrocyte zinc and daily urinary zinc excretion were inversely correlated in the anemia patients (r equal to minus .63, P smaller than 0.05), suggesting that hyperzincuria may have caused zinc deficiency in these patients. Carbonic anhydrase, a zinc metalloenzyme, correlated significantly with erythrocyte zinc (r equal to plus 0.94, P smaller than 0.001). Plasma RNase activity was significantly greater in anemia subjects than in controls. We administered zinc sulfate, 660 mg per day, orally, to seven men and two women with sickle cell anemia. Two 17-year-old males gained 5 cm and 7 cm in height during 49 and 42 weeks of zinc therapy, respectively. All but one patient gained weight (0.5 kg to 4.1 kg). Five of the males showed increased growth of pubic, axillary, facial, and body hair, and in one a leg ulcer healed in six weeks on zinc and in two others some benefit of zinc therapy on healing of ulcers was noted. PMID- 1116295 TI - Effect of the matrix of the standard on results of atomic absorption spectrophotometry of zinc in serum. AB - Zinc in pooled human serum, diluted 10-fold with demineralized water, was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Recoveries of zinc added to the serum were calculated by use of standards prepared in water, physiological saline, synthetic serum, or dilute HNO3 (10 ml/liter). The flow rates were essentially the same (9.1 to 9.3 ml/min) for water, diluted synthetic serum or actual human serum, and diluted nitric acid. The mean apparent percentage recoveries (plus or minus SD) were the best (102.6 plus or minus 2.5) when the standards were prepared in nitric acid; the values obtained when standards in water were used were too high (111.5 plus or minus 3.9); those with standards prepared in physiological saline (92.0 plus or minus 3.2) or synthetic serum (92.3 plus or minus 2.5) were too low. PMID- 1116296 TI - Some aspects of specimen collection and stability in trace element analysis of body fluids. AB - Analyses for trace elements in biological fluids are uniquely susceptible to extreme errors unless special precautions are taken during collection, storage, and analysis. The integrity of the specimen may be compromised before it is analyzed, by contamination during collection and processing or by attenuation of the analyte concentration during storage. If this happens, determined values are not valid even though the method of analysis is extremely sensitive and highly accurate. Obstacles to obtaining precise and accurate analytical data arising from these factors are discussed. We consider control procedures applicable at all stages for ascertaining the sources of error and eliminating them. PMID- 1116297 TI - Trace elements in hair, as related to exposure in metropolitan New York. AB - Previous studies have revealed that trace element concentrations in hair can reflect exposure in cases of frank poisoning and deficiency. This study reports significant correlations within a single metropolitan area between trace-element content of hair and exposure (as measured by analyses for the corresponding elements in dustfall or housedust) for Ba, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Sn, and V. Age, sex, hair color, and smoking habits were factors included in the statistical evaluation. Several metals increase and decrease together in the hair specimens, in agreement with trends reported for other human tissues. PMID- 1116298 TI - Retention of fluoride with time in man. AB - Fluoride retention is high during fluoride supplementation and increases with increasing fluoride intake. When large amounts of fluoride were given for several months the retention of fluoride was about the same as in the initial phase of fluoride supplementation, whether the supplemental dose of fluoride was 10, 20, or 45 mg per day. The rapid return of the fluoride balance to control values after the high fluoride intake was discontinued indicates that there is not only a tendency for continued retention of fluoride during the high fluoride intake but also after large amounts of fluoride have already been retained. PMID- 1116299 TI - Determination of cadmium in blood and urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. PMID- 1116300 TI - Effect of carbon cup aging on plasma zinc determination by flameless atomic adosorption spectrometry. AB - Determination of zinc in blood plasma by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry is discussed, with particular reference to the protocol required for the successful use of the Varian-Techtron Carbon Rod Atomizer. Cup aging is shown to be an important factor in limiting the precision of this analytical technique and ways of minimizing the problem are described. Matrix problems have also been encountered, which precluded the use of aqueous standard curves and the method of standard additions. We propose the use of plasma in preparing standard curves, the values for which are corrected for inherent plasma zinc, as a possible solution to the problem. PMID- 1116301 TI - Letter: Radioimmunoassay of digoxin: effect of albumin. PMID- 1116302 TI - Letter: Should gels be washed or pressed to remove excess protein? PMID- 1116303 TI - Letter: Effect of diphenylhydantoin on serum copper, zinc and magnesium. PMID- 1116304 TI - Letter: Reference thermometry. PMID- 1116305 TI - Letter: Determining hematocrits by weight. PMID- 1116306 TI - Letter: Use of a Munsell color chart to describe urine color. PMID- 1116307 TI - Letter: Updating coninuous-flow uric acid methodology. PMID- 1116308 TI - Associated congenital malformations in retinoblastoma. AB - A complete family investigation was made for 598 cases of retinoblastoma and details of any associated congenital malformations were recorded. Associated malformations were found in seven cases, four of which were cleft palate. There was a highly significant difference between the frequency of cleft palate in our cases with retinoblastoma and the frequency in the general population. This result supports the hypothesis that cases of retinoblastoma with associated congenital malformations are caused by germinal mutations. PMID- 1116309 TI - Frequency of phenylketonuria in Norway. AB - By January 1973, a total of 146 homozygotes (born between 1875 and 1972) for phenylketonuria (PKU) had been identified in Norway. This is an incomplete total, particularly in respect of PKU cases born before 1950, because of the PKU mortality rate. Between 1951 and 1972, the observed incidence of PKU was unchanged at 0.07 plus and minus 0.01 per 1000 live births. Haematological screening of about one-third of all births in Norway between 1966 and 1972 indicated an incidence of 0.07 plus and minus 0.02 per 1000 liveborn screened. As expected, this was well below the observed incidence of 0.11 plus and minus 0.01 per 1000 from screening data from Denmark, and considerably higher than the observed value of 0.03 plus and minus 0.01 per 1000 screened in Sweden. In comparison, indirect estimates, using the inbreeding coefficent of parents of PKUs and that of the general population in Norway in the corresponding years (1874-1972), suggested a fall in incidence of PKU in Norway from 0.14 plus and minus 0.15 per 1000 live births in 1918, to 0.08 plus and minus 0.08 per 1000 in 1941, and to 0.06 plus and minus 0.06 per 1000 live births in 1972. The present level of inbreeding in Norway (obtained from the Medical Registration of Bith) is discussed and compared with information in the 1891 census, with the parish registers between 1889and 1902, and with the parochial lists for the years 1903 1941. PMID- 1116310 TI - Early childhood development of four boys with 47, XXY karyotype. AB - In an epidemiological study, infants identified at birth as having sex chromosome anomalies are enrolled in a voluntary, long term evaluations program. Case histories are presented of the first four boys in the series to have a 47,XXY karyotype. They have been followed from birth for 6 to 9 years, with physical and psychological evaluations. Parents were informed in general terms of the child's genetic defect, and were offered continuing support and encouragement throughout the study. Close cooperation with the families was maintained. So far, the development of all these children has fallen clearly within the normal range and a reasonable healthy dpattern has been secured. Minor deviations in motor, speech and emotional development suggest a common underlying pattern, but four cases are too few on which to establish a relationship between karyotype and phenotype. The data suggest that the symptomatology reported in selected children with a 47,XXY karyotype may be strongly dependent on factors other than the chromosomal constitution, and that an appropriate familial and environmental situation may minimize elevated risks due to the marked genetic defect. PMID- 1116311 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning and other hazards of the energy crisis. PMID- 1116312 TI - Cyanosis from a foreign body in the esophagus. Respiratory difficulties three months after swallowing a coin. PMID- 1116313 TI - The pediatrician and the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. AB - Some unplanned adolescent pregnancies may be averted through education and preventive servies provided by the teen-ager's physician. This paper discusses the need for such services, and reviews the current literature concerning issues surrounding adolescent contraception--professional acceptability, legality, public attitudes, morality, and appropriateness to the pediatrician's role. The authors conclude that recent developments make the pediatrician's involvement in adolescent sexuality counseling entirely feasible. PMID- 1116314 TI - Masturbation simulating epilepsy. PMID- 1116315 TI - A follow-up study of the Preschool Readiness Experimental Screening Scale (the PRESS). AB - A follow-up study of the Preschool Readiness Experimental Screening Scale (the PRESS) was conducted to determine whether the PRESS is a valid indicator of school readiness. Teacher ratings and Metropolitan Readiness Tests (MRT) scores were obtained at the end of kindergarten for 170 children who had been administered the PRESS before entering kindergarten. When the PRESS scores were compared with the teacher ratings and the MRT scores, the PRESS seemed a valid indicator of school readiness. A modified rating system for interpreting PRESS scores is also proposed. PMID- 1116316 TI - Prophylaxis in rheumatic and nonrheumatic mitral insufficiency. AB - Clinical, epidemologic, and experimental findings suggest that acquired mitral insufficiency should not invariably the attributed to rheumatic fever. In this series of childhood cases, more than 50 per cent of the instances of "pure" mitral insufficiency did not have an acceptable past history of rheumatic fever in terms of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatic fever. The authors therefore recommend that daily antibacterial prophylaxis should be limited to those children with valvular heart disease who have had at least one of the major manifestations of the Jones Criteria. But all cases or acquired valvular heart disease should remain under continued clinical observation, and be given antibacterial therapy to prevent bacterial endocarditis of the damaged valves whenever indicated. PMID- 1116317 TI - Utilization of a hospital rotation system in an offic practice. Easing the burden of nighttime and office practice. AB - A four-man pediatric group in private practice instituted a rotation system whereby one of the four worked entirely in the hospital for a week at a time. That physician also took all emergency nighttime calls. The program was evaluated for patient acceptance and for income production. PMID- 1116318 TI - The use of self-hypnosis in the treatment of childhood nocturnal enuresis. A report on forty patients. PMID- 1116319 TI - Rubella encephalitis successfully treated with corticosteroids. PMID- 1116320 TI - What should this patient's permanent sex be? PMID- 1116321 TI - Fractures of the mandible in motor vehicle accidents. AB - Motor vehicle accidents are a common cause of fractures of the mandible and are the most common cause of serious and multiple fractures. The usual mechanism of injury is outlined. The common fractures that occur are through the anterior alveolar process, condylar necks, or edentulous areas of the body and symphysis. There is high incidence of other injuries associated with jaw fractures in these patients. Treatment of the mandibular fracture must wait until the patient's general condition is stabilized. Obstruction of the airway demands emergency treatment by keeping the tongue forward and repeated suction of blood and mucus from the mouth and nasopharynx. Emergency tracheostomy is rarely necessary because of mandibular fractures. The methods for immobilizing a fractured jaw are outlined. The majority of accident victims are young and therefore have teeth. When there are teeth that occlude immobilization of the mandible must include intermaxillary fixation by wiring the teeth into occlusion. Interosseus wiring is used to support unstable fragments. Intramedullary Kirschner wires are a simple and effective method for immobilizing fractures through the body and symphysis of edentulous patients. PMID- 1116322 TI - Medicolegal aspects of automobile injuries. AB - We have tried to acquaint you with the basic elements of law relevant to the treatment of vehicle-related injury, i.e., the Good Samaritan clause, the definition of liability in surgery, warranty and informed consent. We have listed prophylactic measures to reduce medicolegal problems to a minimum. We have outlined the stepwise development of a court case and your duties to the court. Finally we have detailed special situations that occur in a trial and how to cope with them. In summary, bear in mind that it is natural to be edgy about court appearances. Few of us in medicine, after all, enjoy this kind of thing and to that extent we are truly out of our element. On the other hand, most attorneys, expert though they may be, are out of their element in medicine. That evens the score to a very considerable degree. PMID- 1116323 TI - Traffic accidents, facial injuries, and psychiatry. AB - The extent to which emotional factors play a direct or indirect role in the causation of traffic accidents has been presented along with the early and late emotional response of individuals to facial injuries as a result of traffic accidents. Illustrated case histories are presented. PMID- 1116324 TI - Human volunteer and anthropomorphic dummy tests of driver air cushion system. AB - The dynamic impact tests at Southwest Research Institute for the first time exposed human volunteers to production-like driver air cushion system depolyments at impact levels equivalent to a 30 mph barrier crash (48 kph). No significant injury was produced. At no time was it necessary for the secondary restraint systems to be utilized and the entire program schedule was carried out as planned. All tests were conducted under the most safe and controlled conditions possible, and typify only what the air cushions might accomplish in direct, head on impacts up to 30 mph (48 kph). In comparing the test results, the anthropomorphic dummies' response to impact was conservative compared to the human volunteers. These and other human volunteer tests were run to help understand what might be expected in real world driving conditions. To further understand the value of this new safety system, 1000 1973 Chevrolets were built and places in a high mileage fleet across the couhtry. They now have accumulated 41 millions miles of experience and have had 15 accidents of sufficient severity that the air cushion depolyed. This fleet was followed with 1974 vehicles with air cushions sold to the general public as an option. These cars, combined with the test fleet, have accumulated approximately 60 million miles and have a total of 25 depolyments with 34 occupants in the front seat. There has been one fatality in accidents involving these vehicles, a seven week old baby boy. The child was not restrained in any protective carrier. All other injuries have been classified AIS-1 except for three AIS-2. Facial injuries have been very minimal and there have been no known hearing impairments as a result of these accident situations. To date, the results have been encouraging but caution must be taken in their interpretation. The population of drivers is not to be considered normal. The 60 million miles may appear to be a large number, but only represents 25 minutes of driving time of the total U.S. car population in 1 year. PMID- 1116325 TI - Facial injury to vehicle occupants associated with traffic crashes. The engineer's viewpoint. AB - The greatest immediate opportunity in automobile safety lies in utilization of what is already available to the motorist-equipment he may already have on hand, belts specifically. Without any further expenditure of money and without any further delay, the motorist can reduce the risk of facial injury. PMID- 1116326 TI - Automobile accident studies of maxillofacial injuries. AB - The use of the available lap and shoulder belts would between 10,000 and 15,000 fatalities annually, and would significantly reduce the number of injuries, particularly those of the face. By mandatory seat belt usage laws a significant reduction in deaths, disfiguring injuries, and hospital bed-days would be realized. PMID- 1116327 TI - The biomechanics of maxillofacial trauma. AB - Current advances in vehicle design include nonlacerative windshields and energy absorbing instrument panels and interior structures. In order to prevent more severe injuries, it may be necessary to accept minor soft tissue trauma and nasal fractures, but it should be possible to prevent almost all other facial trauma at reasonable impact speeds. PMID- 1116328 TI - Recurrent problems in emergency room management of maxillofacial injuries. AB - Some of the problems that currently plaque emergency rooms are outlined, as well as possible solutions. Steps in the emergency room management of maxillofacial injuries are also presented. PMID- 1116329 TI - Emergency care of severe facial injuries. AB - In the absence of other life-threatening problems and with the airway adequate and bleeding contained, the emergency phase is now under control. At this point, priorities can be assigned for additional diagnostic procedures and definitive care. Further, as indicated above, one should be able to list precautions necessary in obtaining x-rays, in transporting the patient, or in other necessary manipulations. And finally, before progressing any further in diagnosis and treatment, record the data base of acute care and examination. This document anticipates problems and is essential if the patient's status later changes. Further, since most serious injuries involve liability considerations, the creation of an accurate initial record is totally dependent upon the attending physician. In summary, during the acute or emergency phase of care, the only considerations related to facial injury are airway maintenance, bleeding control, and determining whether more serious problems are present. Then and only then does the face itself merit attention. PMID- 1116330 TI - Changes in physiological performance of the lower limb after fracture and subsequent rehabilitation. AB - 1. Eight patients who had suffered a fracture of one leg were studied before and after a 7 weeks period of rehabilitation during work with one leg and both legs on a bicycle ergometer. 2. In submaximal exercise minute ventilation for a given carbon dioxide output and tidal volume at a given minute ventilation remained unchanged throughout the period of therapy for both one- and two-leg exercise: oxygen intake for a given work output and cardiac frequency for a given oxygen intake decreased in both the injured and uninjured limb during one-leg work, although in two-leg exercise there was no significant change. 3. Oxygen intake at zero load was subtracted from the maximum oxygen intake measured during loaded exercise to give net values for each limb exercised separately or both legs exercised together. The net maximum oxygen intake thus calculated increased 8-9% (*17 1/min) in the uninjured leg and 17-4% (*29 1/min) in the injured leg during one-leg exercise. In two-leg exercise the increase was 17-2% (*43 1/min), which approximately equals the increase in the two legs measured separately. 4. In both legs there was an increase in leg muscle (plus bone) volume although this was significant in the injured leg only. 5. The maximum oxygen intake attained in two leg exercise for a given leg volume in the patients at discharge was not significantly different from that found previously in a cross-sectional survey of young healthy (naval) servicemen. Thus the rehabilitation programme investigated appears to be effective, although the spontaneous recovery without a rehabilitation programme is unknown. PMID- 1116331 TI - Evidence for a significant contribution from central effects of angiotensin in the development of acute renal hypertension in the greyhound. AB - 1. The importance of central vasomotor effects of endogenously generated angiotensin in the acute hypertensive response to renal artery constriction has been investigated in the anaesthetized greyhound. 2. When the central cardiovascular action of angiotensin was abolished by thermocoagulation of the areas postrema, the hypertensive response to renal artery constriction was reduced by half while the increase in plasma renin activity was unchanged. 3. It is concluded that central vasomotor effects of angiotensin play a significant role in renin-dependent hypertension. PMID- 1116332 TI - Haematological status of middle- and long-distance runners. AB - 1. Haematological investigation and blood volume measurements were carried out on forty male middle and long distance runners and twelve non-athletes. 2. The distribution of haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, erythrocyte count, total ironbinding capacity, serum and erythrocyte folate and serum vitamin B12 concentrations were essentially the same in atheletes and non-athletes. The mean serum iron concentration was higher in non-athletes than in athletes. There was no difference in the above measurements between athletes taking iron and/or folate and athletes not taking these supplements. 3. Blood volume and total body haemoglogin were on average 20% higher in the atheletes than in the non-athletes. 4. There was no correlation between haemoglobin concentration and blood volume in athletes. The evidence of this study suggests that haemoglobin concentration and blood volume are independently controlled. 5. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate concentration in the erythrocytes was higher in the athletes than in the non athletes; the mean values were 15-9 and 14-2 mumol/g of haemoglobin respectively. PMID- 1116333 TI - Modifications of plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity and tissue lipoprotein lipase activity induced in the rat by acute administration of ethanol or propan-2 ol. AB - 1. The oral administration of propan-2-ol [isopropanol; 100 mmol (6 g)/kg body weight] or ethanol [130 mmol (6 g)/kg body weight] to starved rats produced no change in plasma post-heparin lipase activity (PHLA) compared with that observed in 154 mmol/1 sodium chloride (saline)-treated rats. 2. An increase of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LLA) and a decrease of heart LLA occurred in isopropanol-treated animals, whereas no significant changes were found in these activities after ethanol administration. 3. Since administration of isopropanol produces hyperglycaemia, observations were also made in rats receiving glucose infusion rather than saline. In these animals a rise in PHLA and adipose tissue LLA, and a fall in heart LLA, occurred. 4. It is suggested that the changes in tissue LLA produced by isopropanol are mediated by the rise in blood glucose. PMID- 1116334 TI - Stimulation of calcium absorption and apparent increased intestinal 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in rats treated with low doses of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1 diphosphonate. AB - 1. Ligated intestinal segments from rats treated with disodium ethane-1-hydroxy 1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) at the daily dose of 16 mumol (identical to 1 mg of phosphorus)/kg subcutaneously for 7 days show an increased rate of calcium absorption. 2. This dose of EHDP enhances the intestinal accumulation of a vitamin D3 metabolite with the chromatographic characteristics of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. PMID- 1116335 TI - Detection of low-renin hypertension; evaluation of out-patient renin-stimulating methods. AB - 1. Three-renin-stimulating methods for detection of low-renin hypertension have been compared. First, renin activity was measured in hospital patients after 5 days of sodium restriction and 3 h ambulation. Secondly, renin activity was measured after frusemide stimualtion [0.42 mmol (140 mg) in 18 h] and 3 h ambulation. Thirdly, renin activity was measured after 5 days of chlorthalidone treatment [0.3 mmol (100 mg/day]ured after 5 days of chlorthalidone treatment [0.3 mmol (100 mg)/day] and 3 h ambulation. The last two tests were done with the subjects as out-patients without any dietary regimen. 2. In eleven normotensive control subjects and twenty hypertensive patients the results after frusemide were not comparable with those after sodium restriction since the frusemide test did not identify the same renin-suppressed hypertensive subjects as the sodium restriction procedure. 3. After 5 days of chlorthalidone treatment in the renin values in eleven control subjects as well as in thirty-eight hypertensive patients were significantly higher than after sodium restriction. The values obtained after each procedure were closely correlated. 4. Thus the out-patinet chlorthalidone procedure identified similar sub-groups of patients as having low- or normal-renin hypertension as did the inpatient sodium-restriction test. PMID- 1116336 TI - The role of plasma volume in the increase of aldosterone secretion rate during sodium deprivation. AB - 1. 24 h aldosterone secretion rates (ASR) have been measured in six normal volunteers while recumbent all day and while standing for 12 h, on 200 and 10 mmol/day sodium diets and after salt-poor albumin infusions (75 g in 150 ml), which significantly expanded plasma volume. 2. The mean ASR on the 10 mmol/day sodium diet, both without and with the salt-poor albumin infusion, was highly significantly increased above the mean ASR on the 200 mmol/day sodium diet, both in the recumbent and in the upright posture. 3. There was no significant difference between the mean ASR values on the 10 mmol/day sodium diet alone and after the infusion of albumin either in the recumbent or in the upright posture. 4. The above abservations su;gest that sodium deprivation raises ASR by a mechanism or mechanisms unrelated to plasma volume. PMID- 1116337 TI - Mechanisms of post-obstructive diuresis in the solitary hydronephrotic kidney of the rat. AB - 1. In order to clarify further the phenomenon of post-obstructive diuresis, clearance and micropuncture experiments were done before and after relief of partial ureteral obstruction in rats with a solitary hydronephrotic kidney. 2. Glomerular filtration rate, urine flow and sodium excretion increased markedly, whereas surface nephron glomerular filtration rate increased only slightly and intratubular pressure, proximal and distal tubular water reabsorption did not change significantly. Decreased tubular reabsorption in deeper nephrons and collecting ducts appeared to be of major importance in the post-obstructive diuresis after relief of chronic obstruction. 3. In order to examine further the distinctive functional characteristics of the chronically hydro-nephrotic kidney, the results were compared with control rats having a solitary normal kidney or a solitary remnant kidney with an intact renal medulla. Urine flow rate and sodium excretion were higher and urine osmolality was lower (P less than 0-01) in post obstructive kidneys when compared with either control group. There were no differences in glomerular filtration rate or surface nephron function which could account for the greater diuresis and natriuresis from the hydronephrotic kidney, thus confirming the importance of an abnormality in deep nephron or medullary function in post-obstructive diuresis. 4. There was a greater diuresis in post obstructive rats with a marked increase in blood urea concentration. Water reabsorption in the distal nephron was decreased in such animals, as well as in urea-loaded rats with a remnant kidney, indicating the probable mechanism by which urea diuresis potentiates the phenomenon of post-obstructive diuresis. PMID- 1116338 TI - Resin column perfusion with whole blood or plasma separated by the continuous flow celltrifuge. AB - 1. The aim of this study was to define the factors influencing plasma separation from the continuous flow celltrifuge and to evaluate plasma as an alternative to whole blood for perfusion of exchange resins as part of a system of artificial liver support. 2. Studies in vitro showed the importance of packed cell volume, centrifugal force and duration of centrifugation on the degree of plasma separation. From these data it was possible to calculate plasma flow rates likely to be obtained from the celltrifuge when used in vivo. These predicted values correlated closely with plasma flow rate obtained in twenty-six studies in dogs. 3. Comparison of whole blood perfusion with plasma perfusion of exchange resins in another series of dog experiments showed that with whole blood perfusion there was often a considerable rise in pressure across the resin column but that this did not occur with plasma perfusion. 4. Measurements of platelet losses in the same series of experiments showed a 50% reduction of arterial platelet counts over a 31/2 h period of perfusion when whole blood was perfused. Although the fall was lower with plasma perfusion, the difference was not statistically significant. 5. Use of the celltrifuge provides a means of resin perfusion free of the mechanical difficulties of whole blood perfusion, but platelet losses still remain a problem. PMID- 1116339 TI - Amino acid composition of epididymal plasma of mouse, rat, rabbit and sheep. PMID- 1116340 TI - Microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in the olive baboon (Papio anabis). PMID- 1116341 TI - Genetic variation of phosphoglucose isomerase isoenzymes in fish of the orders Ostariophysi and Isospondyli. PMID- 1116342 TI - Sterol compositions of sea squirts (Ascidiacea). PMID- 1116343 TI - Liver tissue substrates in the hyperthermic rat. PMID- 1116344 TI - Succinate and lactate oxidoreductases of bivalve mollusks. PMID- 1116345 TI - Hydra mesoglea: similarity of its amino acid and neutral sugar composition to that of vertebrate basal lamina. PMID- 1116347 TI - Presence of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin-D-1-hydroxylase in species of all vertebrate classes. PMID- 1116346 TI - The effect of growth hormone and prolactin on the mobilization of free fatty acids and glucose in the kokanee salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. PMID- 1116348 TI - Demonstration of cobamide coenzyme in Ascaris suum. PMID- 1116349 TI - A comparison of radiation response, cyanide toxicity and sulfur transferase activity in native North American rodents. PMID- 1116350 TI - Amino acid metabolism of Astacus leptodactylus (Esch.). II. Biosynthesis of the non-essential amino acids. PMID- 1116351 TI - Lipid content of maturing ovaries of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PMID- 1116352 TI - Lipid composition of two species of Antarctic krill: Euphausia superba and E. crystallorophias. PMID- 1116353 TI - Bioconversion of desmosterol to cholesterol at various stages of molting cycle in Palaemon serratus Pennant, Crustacea, Decapoda. PMID- 1116355 TI - The United Kingdom Dalkon Shield trial: two years of observation. PMID- 1116354 TI - Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in the digestive gland of Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton) and in the daughter sporocysts of Microphallus similis (Jag.) (Digenea: Microphallidae). PMID- 1116356 TI - The use of sterile medroxyprogesterone acetate suspension as a contraceptive during a three-year period. PMID- 1116357 TI - Auxiliary pain relief during suction curettage. PMID- 1116358 TI - Study on the action of D-norgestrel as a postcoital contraceptive agent. PMID- 1116359 TI - Effect of a copper intrauterine contraceptive device and nylon suture on the estradiol 17beta-6, 7-H3 and progesterone 1, 2-H3 in the rat uterus. PMID- 1116361 TI - A comparison of event rates in nulligravid and nulliparous women using the small Dalkon Shield for intrauterine contraception. PMID- 1116360 TI - The influence of hormonal contraceptives on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) capacity. PMID- 1116362 TI - Effect of alpha-chlorohydrin on cauda epididymis and spermatozoa of the rat and general physiological status. PMID- 1116363 TI - Effect of intrauterine copper wire on resorption of fetuses in rats. PMID- 1116364 TI - Utilization of an IUD in post-pill amenorrhea. A preliminary report. PMID- 1116365 TI - Male antifertility: an approach. PMID- 1116366 TI - A critical appraisal of hysteroscopic tubal fulguration for sterilization. PMID- 1116367 TI - Termination of early gestation with intramuscular (15S)-15 methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha. PMID- 1116368 TI - Early puerperal insertions of copper-T-200. PMID- 1116369 TI - Effects of low dose oral contraceptives containing norethindrome and ethinyl estradiol on serum levels of progesterone and pituitary gonadotropins. PMID- 1116370 TI - Disposition of the retro-steroid progestogen, 6-chloro-9beta, 10alpha-pregna 1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione (Ro 4-8347), in man. PMID- 1116371 TI - Monitoring of intrapartum phenomena. AB - We have discussed in the first part of this paper the place of labor monitoring in the delivery of health care to the pregnant woman and the fetus. We have shown that monitoring is only practical and realistic in centers which are equipped to welcome high risk patients. Adequate personnel and facilities should be available on a 24 hr basis. The collaboration of the pediatrician and of the neonatal nursery is essential to the success of the operation. A great part of successful attempts to decrease perinatal mortality and morbidity has to do with prevention. Our population has to be educated during childhood and adolescence about reproduction. The second part of the paper describes the measurement of intrauterine pressure and fetal heart rate and the value of data interpretation. The advantages and limitations of the techniques are outlined. The problems which the doctors and engineers encounter during these procedures are briefly reviewed. It is concluded that monitoring of labor is still in an early developmental stage. Man power and technical innovations22 are necessary to assure a reduction of 15 per cent of the total perinatal mortality with the use of this technique. PMID- 1116372 TI - Fetal monitoring techniques. AB - It is seen that there are several possible techniques for monitoring the fetus during labor. In addition to those described above, one can take microblood samples from the fetus and analyze for blood gases and pH. The latter is usually the only parameter measured and often is helpful in assessing the fetus. Yet even with spot checks of this chemical determination added to the monitored data, the overall value of fetal monitoring in definitively diagnosing the onset of significant fetal distress must be questioned. Further work and new monitoring techniques and parameters are clearly needed to improve the care of the high risk mother and fetus during labor and delivery. PMID- 1116373 TI - Fetal heart rate base line variability. PMID- 1116375 TI - The emerging mini-computer in hospital information networks. PMID- 1116374 TI - Lubrication theory in synovial joints. PMID- 1116376 TI - Overview of computer applications in a variety of health care areas. PMID- 1116377 TI - Evaluation of health information systems. PMID- 1116378 TI - Techniques of evaluation of nuclear medicine instrumentation. PMID- 1116379 TI - Financial accounting in radiology and nuclear medicine. PMID- 1116380 TI - Cost accounting in radiology and nuclear medicine. PMID- 1116381 TI - Duration of effect of treatment of menopausal symptoms by oestrongen fraction. AB - A follow-up study of 17 menopausal patients receiving piperazine oestrone sulphate (Harmogen), the efficiency measured by the effect on plasma oestradiol levels, was conducted in two groups of patients. The first group had undergone an artificial menopause. Clinical relief of symptoms again correlated with the effect of the oestradiol levels, the duration of the effect exceeding the period of therapy by 3 months. PMID- 1116382 TI - Comparison between the bronchodilator and cardiovascular effects of inhaling 0.5 mg. rimiterol ('Pulmadil') and 0.2 mg. salbutamol. AB - A comparison between the acute effects of rimiterol (0.5 mg) and salbutamol (0.2 mg.) has been made using metered dose aerosols. In this dosage it was found that the peak effect of the two drugs was the same but that the effect of rimiterol was less prolonged than that of sulbutamol. No increase in blood pressure occurred and heart rate changes were minimal after both drugs. Rimiterol is an acceptable alternative to the short-acting isoprenaline but lacks the cardiovascular effects of isoprenaline and is an alternative to salbutamol where very prolonged action is unnecessary. PMID- 1116383 TI - Anabolic agents in kidney disease: the effect of formebolone on protein synthesis in patients with renal insufficiency or nephrosis. AB - The anabolic activity of formebolone was studied in 7 patients with nephrosis or renal insufficiency by measuring the amount of 14C-leucine incorporated into plasma proteins as an index of protein synthesis. The data demonstrate that the incorporation of label into the plasma albumin fraction was significantly increased after formebolone administration. PMID- 1116384 TI - Psycho-sexual disorders and their treatment: Part II. AB - In a previously published part of this review the historical and aetiological aspects of sexual inadequacy were considered and an account given of vaginismus. The main problems found in patients with erective and orgasmic dysfunction were also discussed. In this second part, the author considers the conditions of premature ejaculation and ejaculatory incompentance as well as discussing erective and orgasmic incompetence in more detail. Behavioural and other psychotherapeutic measures are considered and a brief review is made of the use and value of drug therapy in patients with sexual dysfunction. PMID- 1116385 TI - Editorial: mortality in transfemoral coronary arteriography. PMID- 1116386 TI - Editorial: mitral valve prolapse-click syndrome in atrial septal defect. PMID- 1116387 TI - Management of arterial hypoxemia induced by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. AB - Twenty patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) (bronchofiberscopy) were studied with serial arterial blood gas analyses. Ten patients were managed using a 40 percent Venturi mask with a 2-cm opening cut out for the FOB; there were ten other patients, with this opening modified by a thin rubber diaphragm with a slit for insertion of the FOB. Both masks decreased the extent of hypoxemia after bronchoscopy, but the mask with the diaphragm provided significantly higher PaO2 values. A significantly higher mean FIO2 was found at the carina in the group using the diaphragm-modified mask. This study suggests that declines in PaO2 after bronchoscopy can be avoided in most patients undergoing diagnostic FOB by using a diaphragm-modified 40 percent Venturi mask during and after the procedure. However, patients with a PaO2 below 60 mm Hg before bronchoscopy may require other measure to avoid potentially hazardous degrees of hypoxemia after bronchoscopy. PMID- 1116388 TI - The effect of bronchofiberscopic examination on oxygenation status. AB - Arterial blood gases were measured in 62 patients, none of whom was critically ill, to determine the effect of transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy on oxygenation status. Blood samples were obtained at regular intervals during the procedure. Thirty-four patients who were bronchoscoped while breathing room air had a significant drop in the arterial P02 following saline solution lavage. Twenty eight patients who were given 28 percent oxygen via a Ventimask during the procedure were protected from this hypoxemia. Simultaneously measured arterial pH and Pco2 were unchanged during the procedure. Premedication alone resulted in a minimal but insignificant drop in PaO2 in 7 patients. These observations suggest that if the initial PaO2 is less than 70 mm Hg on room air, bronchoscopy by the transnasal approach is best performed with the administration of oxygen through an appropriate mask. If the patient is at risk of developing hypercapnia with supplemental oxygen, a 28 percent Ventimask should be utilized to prevent significant hypoxemia without causing hypercapnia. PMID- 1116389 TI - Hemodynamic effects of edrophonium chloride (Tensilon) infusion. AB - The hemodynamic effects of a 10 mg bolus of edrophonium chloride followed by a continuous infusion of 0.25 to 1.0 mg per minute, were determined in unanesthetized patients with significant myocardial disease. The effect on heart rate of the drug was negated by studying a group of nine patients with complete heart block and permanently implanted ventricular pacemakers. After the 10 mg bolus, two of the nine patients experienced dizziness, nausea and abdominal cramps associated with a mild decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. There was no significant change in cardiac index, mean blood pressure, brachial artery upstroke time, corrected ejection time, or left ventricular systolic ejection time. This study demonstrated that the continuous infusion of 0.25 to 1.0 mg per minute of edrophonium chloride following a 10 mg loading dose, had no significant effect on myocardial function. PMID- 1116390 TI - Immediate operative treatment for massive hemoptysis. AB - A series of 15 patients with life threatening, massive hemoptysis is reported. Thirteen of these patients underwent immediate operative treatment with only three deaths. One died after bronchoscopic identification of the bleeding site while awaiting elective thoracotomy. The other patient left the hospital against medical advice. Immediate identification of the site of bleeding by bronchoscopy followed by thoracotomy with resection of the bleeding source, is the preferred method of managing such patients, except when there are specific contraindications to resection. PMID- 1116391 TI - Periodic sleep apnea: chronic sleep deprivation related to intermittent upper airway obstruction and central nervous system disturbance. AB - Periodic sleep apnea may be due to repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction in patients who have a short thick neck and/or large jowls. Apnea due to complete cessation of breathing may occur to a lesser extent. Anaylsis of the sleep electroencephalogram shows that these patients rarely achieve deep sleep and have less stage 1-REM sleep than normal subjects of comparable age. They are chronically sleep-deprived, a manifestation expressed by daytime somnolence, chronic fatigue and often by personality disturbances marked by paranoia, agitated depression and hostility. The definitive diagnosis of this syndrome may be established by monitoring during sleep, the electroencephalogram, measuring abdominal excursions through a mercury-in-Silastic-strain gauge and recording air flow at the nose by means of a thermocouple. As demonstrated by other investigators, chronic hypoventilation during sleep leads to both pulmonary and systemic arterial hypertension, which may produce generalized cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure. The abnormalities in the periodic sleep apnea syndrome are abolished by establishing a patent airway either through tracheostomy or weight reduction. PMID- 1116392 TI - Xerotomographic diagnosis of central bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Xerotomography was used to examine 14 patients with substantial pulmonary opacities, in whom the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma had been suspected. Xerotomography was valuable because it provided excellent delineation of the tracheobronchial tree, which assisted in differentiation of benign from malignant lesions. Malignancy was suggested by: 1) amputation, 2) eccentric narrowing of the bronchus, 3)irregularity of the bronchial wall, 4)presence of an intraluminal mass. Mediastinal and hilar node enlargement could also be assessed. The use of these criteria allowed a correct preoperative diagnosis in 12 of 14 patients. Due to the high radiation dosage, this method is not suitable for use as a screening procedure. PMID- 1116393 TI - A new radiologic sign of subpulmonic effusion. AB - A new radiologic sign of subpulmonic effusion is described. That is obliteration of the intrapulmonary blood vessels which are seen below the level of the diaphragmatic dome. One hundred normal chest films are reviewed as well as nine patients with subpulmonic effusions. In three of the patients with subpulmonic effusions, this sign was the first evidence of pleural effusion. PMID- 1116394 TI - Bronchial brushing through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions. AB - Bronchial brushing was performed concomitantly with transnasal flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 44 patients with localized peripheral pulmonary lesions and absence of visible bronchial abnormality down to subsegmental level. Fluoroscopic confirmation of brush placement was obtained. A diagnosis of malignancy was made by bronchial brushing in 12 of 23 patients (52 percent) proved to have neoplasm, although diagnostic accuracy rose to six of seven patients (86 percent) in the final quarter of the study. There was no relationship between diagnostic accuracy and tumor location. Diagnostic accuracy was highest for squamous cell carcinoma, intermediate for adenocarcinoma, and lowest for undifferentiated carcinoma. A diagnosis of tuberculosis was made in two of 21 patients found not to have malignancy, and bronchial brushing was the only procedure to yield diagnostic material in these two patients. There were no false-positive cytologic examinations and no complications. Fluoroscopic control of placement of the bronchial brush passed through the fiberoptic bronchoscope allows a single, highyield, diagnostic procedure to be performed with minimal risk to the patient. In selected cases, thoracotomy may be avoided by this procedure. PMID- 1116395 TI - Evaluation of skeletal muscle capillary basement membrane thickness in congestive heart failure. AB - Although it has been demonstrated that during isotonic grip exercise patients with chronic congestive heart failure have an abnormally reduced forearm oxygen consumption resulting from a depressed forearm flood flow, there may be additional etiologies of this abnormality. To explore this possibility biopsies of the pronator teres muscle were taken in eight control subjects with normal cardiac hemodynamics and in seven severely decompensated chronic congestive heart failure subjects. Each sample was fixed, stained, and photomicrographs of the sections were obtained and the capillary basement membrane thickness determined. The control capillary basement membrane thickness was 3028 plus or minus 187 A (mean plus or minus SEM) compared to the congestive heart failure thickness of 4924 plus or minus 538 A (pless than .01). It is possible that the increased basement membrane thickness in congestive heart failure may result from or actually cause the depressed oxygen consumption by altering diffusion. PMID- 1116396 TI - Use of artificial heart for basic cardiovascular research. AB - Improved technology in artificial heart development and implantation studies in unanesthetized calves have stimulated a new model for cardiovascular research. Independent control of the left and right ventricles, replacement of the natural right atrium with an artificial atrium (with a compliant inner diaphragm) are illustrated as examples of new methods to study the cardiovascular system. Preliminary results in three calves suggest that synchronous ventricular pumping is not required for total circulatory maintenance. In four calves a passive artificial right atrium was shown to decrease outflow obstruction to the right ventricle. A compliant inner deiapragm demonstrated a reduction in the amplitude of the atrial C and V waves. The effects of volume and drug infusion on peripheral vascular response in the presence of controlled artificial heart pumping (which does not respond to direct neural or hormonal influences) further illustrate the efficacy of this preparation as a new model for cardiovascular research. PMID- 1116397 TI - The 40th annual meeting, American College of Chest Physicians. PMID- 1116398 TI - Multiple bilateral cavities. PMID- 1116399 TI - Blocked interpolated atrial premature contractions simulating Mobitz type 2 block. A manifestation of concealed antegrade conduction. PMID- 1116400 TI - Percutaneous transfemoral coronary arteriography; prevention of morbid complication. AB - During a six-year experience involving 3,089 selective coronary arteriograms (99 percent by the percutaneous transfemoral method), modifications of technique have reduced the incidence of morbid complications. Modifications have involved guidewire technique, systemic heparinization, attention to spontaneous catheter back-bleeding after guidewire removal, and caution in approaching sever main left coronary artery lesions. PMID- 1116401 TI - Aneurysm of the body of the left atrium presenting with chest pain. AB - A patient with aneurysm of the body of the left atrium presenting with angina pectoris and mild congestive heart failure, but completely normal coronary arteriograms, is reported. A deverticulum seen in the left ventricular angiogram, read as a ventricular diverticulum, was found at surgery to be an aneurysm of the body of the left atrium. The possible etiologics and complications of the left atrial aneurysm are briefly discussed. PMID- 1116402 TI - Pulmonary artery compression due to acute dissecting aortic aneurysm: clinical and angiographic diagnosis. AB - Clinical and angiographic features simulating acute massive pulmonary embolism, the result of compression of the right and main pulmonary arteries by a dissecting hematoma, are described in a 52-year-old white woman. PMID- 1116403 TI - Prolapsed mitral valve associated with the Holt-Oram syndrome. AB - The association of hypoplastic thumb and atrial septal defect, (Holt-Oram syndrome) with a prolapsed mitrial valve is described. Recognition of this association adds further support to the concept that the prolapsed mitrial valve syndrome is not necessarily an isolated cardiac disorder but may be part of a more generalized heritable disorder of connective tissue. PMID- 1116404 TI - Transient eosinophilic pneumonia secondary to use of a vaginal cream. AB - Various drugs have been implicated in the development of transient eosinophilic pneumonia or Loeffler's syndrome. We present such a case occurring in a woman who had been using a sulfanilamide-containing vaginal cream. PMID- 1116405 TI - Second degree entrance block in intermittent ventricular parasystole. AB - In a 21-year-old healthy man, there may be a second degree entrance block occasionally of 2:1 nature resulting in intermittent ventricular parasystole. The refractory period of the ventricular-ectopic (V-E) junction in this case was markedly longer than the ventricular muscle except the V-E junction, but much shorter than the whole length of the parasystolic cycle. PMID- 1116407 TI - Delayed opening of Beall mitral prosthetic valve detected by echocardiography. AB - A 47-year-old woman in normal sinus rhythm developed frequent pulse deficits, immediately following mitral valve replacement with a Beall disc prosthesis. Emergency bedside simultaneous tracing of echocardiogram, phonocardiogram and arterial pulse revealed a delayed opening of the disc with various timing intervals in diastole, and suggested some form of interference with normal disc motion. An interfering papillary muscle remnant was later confirmed and corrected by reoperation. PMID- 1116406 TI - Mediastinal histoplasmosis with abscess. AB - A mediastinal mass of clinically undetermined nature was found at autopsy to be an enormous abcess due to secondary infection in granulamatous caseating mediastinal nodes caused by Hitosplasma capsulatum. Other complications of mediastinal histoplasmosis are briefly reviewed. PMID- 1116408 TI - Disseminated Actinomycosis. AB - A patient with multiple subcutaneous abscesses was found to have disseminated actinomycosis. No predisposing cause was identified. No defects in immunity were found. His disease responded promptly to penicillin therapy. PMID- 1116409 TI - Paradoxical septal motion in a patient with pulmonic stenosis. AB - This case will demonstrate abnormal (paradoxical) septal motion in a 31-year-old woman with an isolated pulmonary valvular stenosis. The right ventricular volume overload was exluded by the shunt series, special angiographic studies and at surgery. The echocardiographic abnormality persisted during a restudy three months after surgery. PMID- 1116410 TI - Letter: carotid massage as a means of ECG diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle branch block. PMID- 1116411 TI - Letter: Radiology efficacy study launched. PMID- 1116412 TI - The role of maternal and child health in a national health service. PMID- 1116413 TI - Medical care for minors without parental consent. PMID- 1116414 TI - Psychiatry and crime control. PMID- 1116415 TI - Scleroderma cerebritis, an unusual manifestation of progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - A 42-year-old female with scleroderma experienced two exacerbations in which behavioral changes were the main clinical features. On both occasions she presented with paranoid delusions, perceptual aberrations, and disorientation. After treatment with corticosteroids, the patient's mental status returned to normal, and her electroencephalogram showed an increase in alpha wave frequency, which is consistent with a resolving delirium. Unlike systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma rarely involves the central nervous system. This case illustrates an unusual manifestation of progressive systemic sclerosis, primary cerebral involvement which presented as an acute organic brain syndrome. Connective tissue diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus, often present neuropsychiatric symptoms. Despite the fact that there appears to be a clinical and pathological continuum among the connective tissue diseases, an organic psychosis rarely occurs in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma. Described here is a patient with scleroderma in whom behavioral abnormalities were the main features of two exacerbations of the disease. PMID- 1116416 TI - Assurance of drug quality (bioavailability). PMID- 1116417 TI - The awareness of risk and personal relevance in alcoholics. AB - From the perspective of health professionals, the estimated nine million alcoholics in America are engaged in repetitive health-avoidance behavior. The purpose of this study was to asses whether alcoholics were themselves aware of the risk-taking implications of their drinking, particularly in view of the denial clinically attributed to alcoholics. Horn's Smoker's Self-Testing Kit, modified to measure respondents' attitudes toward excessive drinking and its consequences, was administered to 61 alcoholic inpatients. This instrument evaluates awareness of the health hazards of excessive drinking, awareness of the seriousness of alcoholism as a health problem, awareness of its personal relevance, and the value of stopping, concern with mastery of the drinking problem, and belief in capability for stopping. The results indicated that during sobriety these alcoholics definitely acknowledged the health hazards of excessive drinking, the seriousness of the problem, its personal relevance, and the value of stopping. However, subjects generally anticipated great difficulty in making any significant change in their self-destructive drinking patterns. PMID- 1116418 TI - Treatment of phenothiazine induced bulbar persistent dyskinesia with deanol acetamidobenzoate. AB - The late manifestation of neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia (persistent dyskinesia) is an irreversible complication of long-term treatment that is poorly understood and difficult to treat. Recently, a theory of dopamine receptor hypersensitivity in the dopaminergic-cholinergic system has suggested an explanation of choreiform movements and, thus, an implication for the management of persistent dyskinesia. The case presented is that of bulbar persistent dyskinesia in a patient who had been prescribed a phenothiazine derivative for eleven years; his symptoms improved with the use of deanol, which probably converts to acetylcholine after crossing the blood brain barrier. This improvement suggests that deanol may shift the neuroleptic-induced dopaminergic-cholinergic system unbalance toward equilibrium by matching predominant dopaminergic effect or by enhancing deficient cholinergic action in the dopaminergic-cholinergic system. This isolated finding needs to be confirmed by more research in neuropharmacology. PMID- 1116419 TI - Determining what heroin means to heroin addicts. AB - For purposes of treatment, description, typological and psychological instrumentation, agreement judgements were obtained from 20 heroin addicts and 51 normal controls on data matrices constructed from sentences obtained from the heroin addicts. Correlations demonstrate controls are similar to one another and qualitatively different from addicts. Multidimensional scaling techniques and perspective summary maps demonstrate these differences and provide the technology for developing a typology of addicts for future studies. Heroin addicts have an inability to tolerate frustration, a depressive core, a negative sense of identity and a sense of futility and isolation. Heroin addicts deviate from normals at well beyond the p less than .001 level of significance in using heroin to handle problems that normals handle in other ways. For treatment of the addict, the drug must be withdrawn and new ways of coping with old needs must be taught. This matrix qualitatively demonstrates and pinpoints the deficiencies and excesses of the addict which need treatment. The epidemiology of drug use relating narcotics, delinquency, and social policy has been well documented (Chein, 1964). One major problem posed by narcotic addition is the problem of getting people to stay off drugs (withdrawal). Another major problem is the alleviation of the human misery that motivates drug use (rehabilitation). (Jaffee, 1970, Chein, 1964). In addition to the above, a problem of recent importance has been the key question of whether or not the Vietnam addicts differ basically from addicts socialized in the drug culture in the united States. (Walsh, 1971). Numerous investigators have discussed personality and addiction (Chein, 1964; Eddy, 1965, Jaffee, 1970) usually from the vantage point of the investigators. This study attempted to describe the personalities of heroin addicts from the vantage point of the addicts using instruments borrowed from descriptive semantics. (Goodenough, 1967; Stefflre, Reich, Wendell, 1967). The purpose of the pilot study was to: 1) determine where heroin positioned in the conceptual frames of reference of heroin addicts and non-addicted control subjects, 2) to establish a classification procedure for determining subtypes of heroin addicts, and 3) to demonstrate the usefulness of a linguistically based instrument in application in clinical psychiatry. PMID- 1116420 TI - On the learning process in medical students disturbances as a symptom and a disease. AB - The role of emotional factors in the learning process has been recognized by the student as well as the educator in medicine. The medical student may develop disturbances in learning under appropriate circumstances. These disturbances may be the symptom of a disease but not the disease itself, or the disease but not the symptom, or the disease and the symptom at the same time. The most frequently encountered symptoms of the disturbance among the medical students include: loss of interest in studying; decrease in motivation for medicine; difficulties in concentration and retention; student's difficulty in applying himself; selective disturbance in learning certain subjects within medicine; impairment in the capacity to discriminate relevant from irrelevant data; and the tendency toward obsessive thinking and compulsive actions. The role of fantasies in these disturbances is explored. The development of the capacity to learn and some etiological considerations in its disturbances are formulated. PMID- 1116421 TI - Drug induced parkinsonism. A re-evaluation. PMID- 1116422 TI - Lithium carbonate and aggression: a case report. PMID- 1116423 TI - The use of lithium in the treatment of the drug-induced psychotic reaction. PMID- 1116424 TI - Drug interactions with psychoactive drugs. PMID- 1116425 TI - The portrait of a murderer. AB - A portrait is presented of an impulsive, violent and paranoid young murderer. A review of the psychiatric literature for indicators which address themselves to predicting murderous behavior yields a broad spectrum of theories and observations. The portrait presented includes a composite of many of the indicators which the various authors have described. The patient presented is felt to represent a discernable stereotype, and the predisposing factors which are viewed as contributiing to his murderous behavior are offered and given priorities. PMID- 1116426 TI - Brain damage associated with chronic alcoholism. AB - Three hypotheses were discussed concerning the nature of the neurological and psychological disorder in chronic alcoholics. The evidence was not supportive of a diffuse or generalized deficit. The hypothesis that the right hemisphere of the brain is more vulnerable than the left hemisphere to disruption from chronic alcohol abuse was also considered. Although provocative, there existed significant findings which did not coroborate this notion. The third hypothesis considered maintained that chronic alcoholics suffer from an anterior-basal focus of impairment. The evidence in support of this notion was substantial from both the neurological and psychological research, suggesting that alcoholics exhibit a pattern of disorders similar to that manifested by more deteriorated persons suffering from the Korsakoff psychosis. PMID- 1116427 TI - Cholinesterase activity and the manic depressive patients. PMID- 1116428 TI - Demorgraphic characteristics in affective disorders. AB - One hundred and fifty four consecutively evaluated new and return psychiatric outpatients were examined by the same interviewer using a detailed, precoded questionnaire based on the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric research proposed by Feighner et al. Affective disorders were present for 75% of the patients and were associated with older age, divorce and a shorter duration of marital status. Race, sex, education and income levels were not related to the presence of affective disorders. Sixty patients with diagnoses of primary affective disorders and 56 patients with diagnoses of secondary affective disorders were identified and studied. Secondary affective disorders were found to be associated with males, younger age (under 34), unmarried marital status, and lower income levels. Primary affective disorders were associated with higher annual incomes (over +4,000) and fewer individuals with a "some high school only" education. Forty one patients with diagnoses of unipolar primary affective disorders were examined. Sex, race, age, marital status and duration of marital status did not vary for the two groups and were not associated with polarity of affective disorders. Lower education and annual income levels both were demonstrated for patients with bipolar primary affective disorders. PMID- 1116429 TI - The role of informants in community oriented mental health programs for schizophrenics. PMID- 1116430 TI - [Psychic characteristics of sexuality in women and men in the second half of life. 1]. PMID- 1116431 TI - [A case of "miliary" Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. AB - A case of "milary" Crohn's disease in a 53-year-old woman is described. There were numerous epithlioid-cell, non-caseous serosal granulomas in the jejunal and terminal ileal regions. There were, furthermore, immediately adjoining the epithelioid-cell granulomas, granuloma-like collections of brown fat tissue, a previously undescribed coexistence. PMID- 1116432 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Goodpasture's syndrome occurred in six patients (four men and two women) aged 18 32 years. Haemoptysis, anaemia and abnormal urinary findings with erythrocyturia were the first signs of the disease in five instances, in one the renal signs predominated. In five patients the disease took a malignant course with uraemia developing within six weeks. One patient is in a spontaneous remission eleven months after the onset of the disease. Three patients died of recurrent haemoptysis (non-nephrectomised), two nephrectomised patients are still alive half a year and three and a half years later, respectively. A typical linear IgG , beta1A, alpha2D and beta1E deposition along the glomerular capillaries was demonstrated immunohistologically in all subjects. Of three lung biopsies one also had typical IgG and beta1A-positive linear fluorescence along the alveolar basal membrane. Immunoglobulins with basal membrane antibody activity were eluted from renal homogenates in two patients, basal membrane antibody activity in serum was demonstrated only in one of three patients. PMID- 1116433 TI - [Recurrences of agranulocytosis (author's transl)]. AB - Since agranulocytosis is in principal a curable condition with modern treatment, recurrences must be reckoned with in sensitized patients. They are relatively frequent. Recurrence occurred in eight of 17 patients. One patient had three recurrences, the last one 18 years after the first. In an Italian woman nine recurrences due to aminophenazone occurred within six years. Since sensitization does not disappear spontaneously, a recurrence may also occur in patients who have had one episode of agranulocytosis. Sensitizing drugs must be strictly avoided to prevent such recurrences: their presence in drug mixtures must be guarded against. But once a patient is sensitized he may react with agranulocytosis to various types of drugs. PMID- 1116434 TI - [Thyroid tumours with a long clinical course: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Thin-needle biopsy allows morphological examination which is free of complications. It is, therefore, suitable as a routine out-patient diagnostic measure in diseases of the thyroid. A biopsy should be taken whenever there is the slightest indication, so that clinical changes which have existed for prolonged periods can be included, even if there is no suspicion of tumour. In this way, thyroid tumours with an unusually long course will be diagnosed cytologically. Three such cases are reported: a papillary adenocarcinoma, a medullary carcinoma and a Hurthle-cell tumour. PMID- 1116435 TI - [Total thyroidectomy in progressive endocrine exophthalmos (author's transl)]. AB - In 26 patients with progressive endocrine exophthalmos thyroidectomy was performed after conservative treatment had failed. This treatment was successful in all but two patients. The success of therapy depended on the complete removal of all thyroid tissue. If the ophthalmic changes were more than a year old or if there had been preoperative irradiation of the orbit regression of the exophthalmos was less satisfactory. PMID- 1116436 TI - [Thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate in obsese patients during partial and total fasting (author's transl)]. AB - The development of vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency was investigated in 17 obese patients in the course of a 1000 calory diet or during total fasting for a fortnight. Compared with normal persons no changes of concentrations of total thiamine, TPP, and pyruvate in the blood; thiamine excretion in the urine, or activiation coefficient of the eryhrocyte transketolase (alphaETK) were observed during the reducing diet. However, during a fortnight's total fasting all values decreased significantly to those of thiamine deficiency. The thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) levels in the blood dropped from the 1st to the 14th day, whereas the alphaETK rose accordingly and the pyruvate levels showed a delayed rise. Total thiamine content of the blood and thiamine excretion in the urine only showed significantly different values when comparing the 1st and the 14th day. There was no dependency of thiamine excretion on urinary output. Clinical symptoms of thiamine deficiency could be demonstrated in no case. PMID- 1116437 TI - [Serum level and urinary excretion of 14C-thiamozol in patients with hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - 2-(14C) Thiamazol (Favistan) was administered intravenously in a therapeutically subthreshold dose to seven control subjects and five patients with hyperthyroidism. In both groups the reduction of plasma radioactivity occurred with at least two exponentials. Half-life was calculated to be 35 minutes for the faster and 28 hours for the slower process in the control group, and 12 minutes and about 20 hours, respectively, in the hyperthyroid patients. Forty-eight hour urinary excretion of the injected radioactive material was about 80% for the hyperthyroid patients and 87% for the control subjects. Maximal activity in urine occurred about six hours after injection. There was practically no demonstrable plasma-protein binding of the drug in in-vitro experiments. As the pharmacokinetics of the drug are not influenced in thyroid disease, there is apparently no need to adapt thyrostatic dosage in hyperthyroid states. PMID- 1116438 TI - [Lymphogranulomatosis of the recto-sigmoid region: a rare primary manifestation and localization (author's transl)]. AB - In a 46-year-old patient lymphogranulomatosis was found localized exclusively in the rectosigmoid region. The stenosing tumour was removed by resection of the sigmoid colon. No further evidence of abdominal Hodgkin's disease was found at a second operation when splenectomy and careful searching for affected lymph nodes were performed. PMID- 1116439 TI - [Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms]. PMID- 1116440 TI - [Therapy of migraine]. PMID- 1116442 TI - [General personality law and professional secrecy in the treatment of malingerers]. PMID- 1116441 TI - [Glucocorticoids in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 1116443 TI - [Letter: Chronic-aggressive hepatitis in a solitary echinococcal cyst of the right hepatic lobe]. PMID- 1116444 TI - [Letter: Spinach and anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 1116445 TI - [Letter: Spironolactone and aldosterone in brain edema]. PMID- 1116446 TI - [Letter: Diet in progressive muscular atrophy]. PMID- 1116447 TI - [Basal and reactive proinsulin and insulin secretion in overweight women (author's transl)]. AB - Serum proinsulin and insulin levels were measured on 55 normal or overweight women before and after oral glucose administration. The proinsulin proportion of basal total insulin was 70% in women of normal weight. With increasing overweight the relation shifted in favour of insulin. After stimulation with glucose, proinsulin levels were significantly raised, analogous to total insulin, but les marked than the latter. The increased total insulin excretion in obesity was, therefore, largely due to insulin and less to proinsulin. The greater the overweight the later maximal insulin levels were reached after oral glucose administration: proinsulin peaks occurred later than insulin peaks. Measurement of areas from single values and corresponding times for proinsulin and insulin, after stimulation, indicated their significant correlation with the degree of overweight. In women of more than 70% overweight (Broca index), reactive proinsulin and insulin excretion decreased again despite an increase in body weight. They had a definitely reduced carbohydrate tolerance. After reduction in body weight previously increased proinsulin levels fell again. The significance of higher proinsulin levels in fasting subjects, which increased after stimulation and with overweight but were in percentage terms less than those of reactive insulin, remains unexplained. PMID- 1116448 TI - [Serum lipase activity and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic neoplasm (author's transl)]. AB - Serum lipase activity was measured in 360 patients with the clinical suspicion of chronic pancreatic disease, 60 of them also having the lipase evocation test (serum lipase activity before and after pancreatic stimulation with secretin and pancreozymin). Of 48 with chronic pancreatitis (40 confirmed at operation) the diagnosis was made by endoscopic retrograde pancretography in all but one. Serum lipase activity was abnormal in 38. Without those cases associated with pancreatic insufficency, serum lipase activity-spontaneously and after the evocation test-was abnormal in 46 patients. Nine of 10 patients with papillary stenosis had the diagnosis confirmed at surgery, the pancretographic findings co inciding with the surgical ones in all instances. All the five patients with abnormally high serum lipase activity also had chronic pancreatitis on pancreatography. In all of the 18 patients with pancreatic neoplasm pancreatography gave the same results as operation or post-mortem findings. In eight of these serum lipase activity was spontaneously elevated. The lipase evocation test was shown to be most effective if 2 C.H.R.- U/KG-h each of pancreozymin and secretin were administered. Serum lipase results were falsely positive in 17 of 300 patients with clinical suspicion of pancreatic disease but normal pancreatographic findings. PMID- 1116449 TI - [A case of Behcet's disease with multiple intestinal ulcerations(author's transl)]. AB - A case is reported of Behcet's disease in a 41-year-old man, in the course of which colitis with perforation developed over two years, with fatal results. This is a rare complication of Behcet's disease and must be differentiated from ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Blood transfusions have a limited therapeutic value in the terminal phase of the disease, which among others is characterized by a generalized depression of response of peripheral lymphocytes to stimulation. PMID- 1116450 TI - [Diagnosis in acute mesentric artery occlusion]. PMID- 1116452 TI - [Bestowing of registration to foreigners with German spouses]. PMID- 1116451 TI - [Changes in the liquor dynamics during development of communicating hydrocephalus. Clinical and animal experiment studies]. PMID- 1116453 TI - [Letter: Diabetes and hyperuricemia]. PMID- 1116454 TI - [Treatment of renal hypertension by nephrectomy in persons over 40 years of age]. AB - 42 patients aged over 40 years at the time of nephrectomy (between 1961 and 1972) for unilateral renal disease and arterial hypertension were re-investigated. The WHO criteria for normotensive and hypertensive blood pressure levels were used. Systolic and diastolic pressures returned to normal after nephrectomy in 15 patients, systolic pressure alone in nine. Systolic and diastolic pressures remained unchanged in twelve. When grouped by histological criteria, only patients with small pyelonephritis kidney improved significantly, while those with pyelonephritis, arteriolosclerosis and renal-artery stenosis did not. It is concluded that patients aged over 40 years who have hypertension associated with unilateral renal disease may benefit from nephrectomy, especially if they have a small pyelonephritic kidney. PMID- 1116455 TI - [Constitutional narrowing of the cervical spinal canal. Radiological and clinical findings]. AB - A constitutional narrowing of the cervical spinal canal was seen in 31 patients with neurological disorders. The ratio of the inner diameter of the spinal canal to the diameter of the vertebral body was smaller than 1 (normal greater than 1). Clinical signs were observed from 45 years upwards where reactivedegenerative changes cause additional narrowing. The majority of patients were male, predominantly heavy manual labourers. There is often a trauma preceding. On myelography multilocular deformations of the spinal subarachnoid space and nerve roots are seen. On the mechanical narrowing of the spinal canal a vascular factor supervenes, caused by exostoses, intervertebral disc protrusions, and fibrosing processes. Clinically a chronic progressive spinal transection syndrome (cervical myelopathy) dominates besides a multilocular root involvement. Posterior column sensibility is predominantly lost. Pain in the extemities and the cervical column is an early symptom. Non-specific CSF changes occur frequently. In case of root involvement the electromyogram is pathological. The prognosis is bad. Operation can only remove reactive processes but not the constitutional anomaly. PMID- 1116456 TI - [Acute necrotizing angitis with eosinophilic myocarditis in bronchial asthma(author's transl)]. AB - In a 34-year-old patient asthma had developed as an allergy to infection. He died suddenly from cardiac and respiratory arrest following parenteral penicillin and sulphonamides. At autopsy necrotizing angiitis of the myocardial vessels as well as eosinophilic myocarditis were shown. These findings are probably the expression of a drug allergy. PMID- 1116457 TI - [Myopathies under drug influence]. PMID- 1116458 TI - [Surgical therapy of hiatus hernias]. PMID- 1116459 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and microangiopathy]. PMID- 1116461 TI - [Warning of automobile drivers and proof assurance]. PMID- 1116460 TI - [Claims of the wife who took part in building up a practice after divorce]. PMID- 1116462 TI - [Letter: Gout and hypertension]. PMID- 1116463 TI - [Letter: Massive dose cytostatic therapy]. PMID- 1116464 TI - [Letter: Herbicides]. PMID- 1116465 TI - [Letter: Anesthesia guns]. PMID- 1116466 TI - [Influence of cytostatic combination therapy with vincristine sulphate and iphosphamide on blood coagulation]. AB - Disorders of blood coagulation were investigated before and during a cytostatic combination therapy with vincristine sulphate and iphosphamide (Asta Z 4942) in 12 patients with malignant tumours or haemoblastoses. Thromboplastin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, heat-dependent fibrin, clot retraction, and clotting factors II, V, VIII, IX, X, and the platelet count were determined. A change in the plasmatic coagulation system attributable to the combination therapy could not be demonstrated in any patient. The influence of the cytostatic combination on the platelet-dependent haemostasis was small; a decrease in platelet count could be observed in only one patient, in whom an additional causative damage to thrombopoiesis due to the underlying disease could be assumed. Regardless of the cytostatic therapy there were indications of a hypercoagulability in 10 patients. This explains the increased susceptibility of such patients for thromboses or consumption coagulopathy. PMID- 1116467 TI - [Fatal vitamin D intoxication]. AB - A 43-year-old man with alopecia maligna was treated for 4 weeks with a total of 130 mg vitamin D3. Two weeks later, after intensive exposure to the sun, he developed a hypercalcaemic crisis and died 5 weeks later of acute cardiac failure. The hypercalcaemia proved treatment-resistant despite good diuresis. Causes other than vitamin D intoxication were excluded clinically and on histopathological investigations. It is suggested that vitamin D should be administered only on the strictest indications and with regular control of the patient. PMID- 1116468 TI - [Observations in vitamin D and dihydrotachysterol poisoning]. AB - In three women intoxication with vitamin D or dihydrotachysterol occurred. Two patients died from complications despite successful lowering of the serum calcium, the third died after a pulmonary embolus during hypercalcaemia 5 months after cessation of vitamin D. Correct observation of the narrow therapeutic range of vitamin D preparations appears most important in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism and other indications. Particular attention should be given to the prophylaxis of over dosage. Apart from regular serum calcium estimations instruction of the patient and relatives as to the dangers and symptoms of intoxication is recommended. The issuing of a therapy identity card would meet these requirements. PMID- 1116469 TI - [Diagnostic aspects of human brucellosis]. PMID- 1116470 TI - [Therapeutic aspects of human brucellosis]. PMID- 1116471 TI - [Lipoprotein analysis and typing system. Problems in diagnosis of lipid metabolism disorders in practice]. PMID- 1116472 TI - [Behavior of the physician in police acts in hospital]. PMID- 1116473 TI - [Enteric gastric mucosa metaplasia]. PMID- 1116475 TI - Regulation of FSH secretion: use of hydroxyurea to deplete germinal epithelium. AB - Hydroxyurea, a chemotherapeutic agent that prevents mitosis by inhibiting DNA synthesis, was administered to adult male rats for 70 days. Plasma FSH and LH showed no systematic trend although severe germinal cell depletion was produced. These data suggest that the cell(s) of the seminiferous tubule involved in FSH regulation must be either the type A spermatogonium or the Sertoli cell. PMID- 1116474 TI - Adrenal steroidogenesis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). AB - Adrenal vein catheterizations were done in SHR and control rats at different ages during the development of hypertension. All SHR became hypertensive by 15 weeks of age. The secretion rate of aldosterone was significantly reduced at 8 weeks of age, 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) at 12 weeks of age, deoxycorticosterone (DOC) at twenty weeks of age, and corticosterone (B) at 12 and 20 weeks of age. Secretion data suggest either an enzyme block, or increased conversion of known steroids to an unknown steroid product. Reduced secretion of corticosterone could explain the adrenal hyperplasia observed in SHR which may be important to the development of hypertension in these animals. PMID- 1116476 TI - Ovarian and placental origins of plasma progesterone following fetectomy in monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Fetectomy, either alone or combined with ovariectomy, was performed in 17 monkeys. Following fetectomy alone in 8 animals, progesterone values were maintained at normal pregnancy levels (1.0 ng/cc plasma or more), until expulsion of the placenta, which frequently occurred at a time well past normal term. Values declining toward but not reaching the nonpregnancy range were observed in some animals in the 2 to 6 weeks preceding expulsion; no similar decline occurs preceding normal labor. In all cases, after the placenta was expelled, progesterone values fell below 1 ng/cc plasma within 2 days. When ovariectomy was superimposed on 3 animals previously fetectomized, plasma progesterone values fell abruptly to nonpregnancy levels, and the placenta was expelled in an average of 6.3 days. The source of the progesterone in these fetectomized animals was, therefore, the ovaries, not the placenta damaged by a preceding fetectomy. However, the ovarian progesterone production after fetectomy was dependent on the continued presence of the placenta. In 6 animals following ovariectomy, and with an intact fetus and placenta, plasma progesterone levels were usually maintained at normal pregnancy levels. When fetectomy was superimposed in these animals with a preceding ovariectomy, plasma progesterone levels fell into the nonpregnancy range in an average of 4.8 days, and placental expulsion occurred after an average of 30.8 days. We believe this reflected a deteriorating ability of the fetectomized placenta to produce progesterone, which was capable only transiently of maintaining plasma values, but later of exerting sufficient local effect to maintain uterine quiescence for a longer time. PMID- 1116477 TI - Testosterone and 5alpha-reduced androgen secretion by rabbit testes-epididymides perfused in vitro. AB - Mass spectrometric determinations confirmed that testosterone, 5alpha-androstan 17betaol-3-one, 5alpha-androstan-3alpha, 17beta-diol and 5alpha-androstan-3beta, 17beta-diol were present in venous effluent of in vitro perfused rabbit testes epididymides. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 3alpha-androstanediol and 3beta androstanediol were secreted at 3.1 plus or minus 0.9, 0.7 plus or minus 0.2, 0.4 plus or minus 0.1 and 0.6 plus or minus 0.1 mug/h when testes-epididymides were perfused with an artificial medium containing 2.5 ng/ml NIH-LH-S17, ovine. Surprisingly, testosterone constituted only 64% of the total mass of the four androgens secreted. These results probably reflect in vivo androgen secretion since hourly collections of spermatic vein blood from anesthetized rabbits contained 2.7 plus or minus 0.9, 0.8 plus or minus 0.3, 0.15 plus or minus .04 and 0.5 plus or minus 0.2 mug of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 3alpha androstanediol and 3beta-androstanediol, respectively. Once again testosterone constituted only 64% of the total mass of the four androgens. PMID- 1116478 TI - Pancreatic beta cell culture: preparation of purified monolayers. AB - Procedures were developed for preparing partially purified beta cell monolayer cultures. Neonatal rat pancreases were dissociated with a trypsin-collagenase solution. Beta cells were separated from denser acinar cells by centrifuging the initial suspension in a two layer discontinous Ficoll gradient (20, 25%). Resultant cultures, highly enriched in beta cells, were further purified by incubation with cystine-free medium. This caused necrosis of the majority of fibroblastoid cells within two days, while beta cells were considerably less affected. The resultant cultures contained an average of 72% beta cells compared to 10% in untreated control cultures. Insulin release by purified monolayers remained responsive to changes in the glucose concentration of the culture medium. PMID- 1116479 TI - Persistent pancreatic glucagon but not insulin response to arginine in pancreatectomized dogs. AB - Effects of total pancreatectomy on plasma glucagon, insulin and glucose responses to arginine were determined in 5 dogs. Portal vein and femoral artery samples were obtained in response to an arginine infusion (10 g/30 min) prior to, 1 h, 1 day and 1 week after pancreatectomy. Glucagon was measured using pancreatic specific antiserum 30K (Unger, Dallas). Before pancreatectomy arginine significantly increased portal vein glucagon from 373 plus or minus 36 to 595 plus or minus 31 pg/ml and femoral artery levels from 233 plus or minus 28 to 342 plus or minus 74 pg/ml. Portal vein and femoral artery insulin concentrations of 74 plus or minus 21 and 17 plus or minus 3 muU/ml increased significantly to 173 plus or minus 64 and 31 plus or minus 7 muU/ml. Glucose levels did not change. One h after pancreatectomy, portal vein glucagon decreased to 121 plus or minus 15 pg/ml but increased to 230 plus or minus 42 pg/ml after arginine. Elevated blood glucose and the necessity for insulin treatment established the adequacy of pancreatectomy. Furthermore portal vein insulin levels were undetectable and unresponsive to arginine or a combination of glucose, glucagon, and tolbutamide 1 week after pancreatectomy. One day after pancreatectomy arginine significantly increased portal vein glucagon from 343 plus or minus 42 to 776 plus or minus 152 pg/ml. One week after pancreatectomy basal glucagon values were 374 plus or minus 30 in the portal vein and 360 plus or minus 49 in the femoral artery and responded to 1226 plus or minus 641 and 825 plus or minus 270 pg/ml, respectively, with arginine. Chromatography of plasma from one pancreatectomized dog on Sephadex G-50 after arginine stimulation revealed that much of the material cross-reacting with antibody 30K was eluted from the column earlier than either 125I-insulin or 125I-glucagon. In contrast, peak glucagon activity in plasma obtained from a normal human given arginine eluted from the column between the peak of 125I-insulin and 125I-glucagon; glucagon added to human plasma also was recovered in this same area between the 125I-insulin and 125I-glucagon peaks. These results suggest that some of the material that reacted with 30K antibody and which increased after pancreatectomy in response to arginine has a molecular weight greater than pancreatic glucagon. At autopsy no pancreatic tissue could be identified. Thus, after pancreatectomy, validated by absent insulin responses, the glucagon response to arginine was normal or increased. Since arginine is not thought to increase intestinal glucagon-like immunoreactive material, the source and nature of the material measured as glucagon after pancreatectomy is unknown, but may be important to any understanding of plasma glucagon measurements. PMID- 1116480 TI - Progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, and estradiol synthesis in hamster ovarian follicle cells. AB - Isolated granulosa cells and theca from proestrous hamsters alone and in recombination, were cultured in order to study steroidogenic capacity of this tissue. Cells from medium size antral follicles (100-300 mum diam.) and large preovulatory follicles (500 plus mum diam.) were used. Steroids were measured by radioimmunoassay. Cultures of cells derived from both sizes of follicles made significant amounts of progesterone for up to 6 days in tissue culture. The preparations from the medium sized antral follicles synthesized little or no estrogen. Of the cells harvested from the preovulatory follicles, the granulosa and theca made moderate amounts of estradiol-17beta while the recombined system made similar to 5 times the estradiol-17beta made by theca or granulosa alone. The results indicate that in the in vitro system used: 1) The hamster follicle cells are similar to other species in that they spontaneously luteinize in culture and secrete large amounts of progesterone, 2) Androgen accumulation is greatest in media from cultured theca of preovulatory follicle, 3) A synergism between theca and granulosa of the large preovulatory follicle exists to effect maximal estrogen synthesis, and 4) Estrogen synthesis is short-lived in vitro in contrast to continued progesterone production. PMID- 1116481 TI - Inhibition by somatostatin of glucagon and insulin release from the perfused rat pancreas in response to arginine, isoproterenol and theophylline: evidence for a preferential effect on glucagon secretion. AB - To determine whether somatostatin inhibits glucagon secretion directly at the pancreatic level and to study quantitatively the relative effects of somatostatin on glucagon and insulin secretion, the effects of various concentrations of somatostatin on glucagon and insulin release from the in vitro perfused rat pancreas in response to arginine (14.2 mM), isoproterenol (2 mg/ml) and theophylline (10 MM) were studied. Glucagon and insulin responses to arginine were progressively inhibited by somatostatin over a concentration range from 0.1 100 ng/ml. At all doses, somatostatin caused greater inhibition of glucagon secretion than of insulin secretion. Approximately 4 ng/ml somatostatin reduced glucagon responses 50%, whereas 90 ng/ml was required to produce comparable inhibition of insulin responses. Glucagon responses to isoproterenol, an activator of adenylate cyclase, and to theophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, were completely abolished by 100 ng/ml somatostatin. Isoproterenol did cause insulin release in this system, but insulin responses to theophylline were diminished by somatostatin. The present studies thus indicate that somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of both glucagon and insulin secretion and indicate that it acts directly on the pancreatic alpha and beta cells. Glucagon secretion is approximately 20 times more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of somatostatin than is insulin secretion. Furthermore, the present results suggest that somatostatin may act by modifying cAMP-dependent systems rather than by altering cAMP levels. PMID- 1116482 TI - The effect of abrupt lengthening of the photoperiod on the onset of ovulation in gonadotrophin-treated immature rats. AB - Immature female rats exposed daily to a-14 h photoperiod were induced to ovulate precociously by administering pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMS) at 30 days of age (day 30). In these rats ovulation occurs on day 33 between 0130 and 0330 (midpoint of photoperiod equals 1200). The acute effect on the timing of ovulation of abruptly lengthening the photoperiod by 6 h was investigated in this preparation. When compared with controls kept on a 14-h photoperiod, adding 6 h of light to the beginning of the daily photoperiod (i.e., AM light) advanced ovulation by 2 h; adding 6 h of light to the end of the photoperiod (i.e., PM light) delayed ovulation by 5.5 h; adding 3 h of light to the beginning and to the end of the photoperiod delayed ovulation by 2 h. These results suggest that the time of release of an ovulatory quota of pituitary gonadotrophin may be advanced by exposure to AM light and delayed by exposure to PM light, but the PM light appears to have a stronger effect on the time of gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 1116483 TI - Measurement of plasma and tissue triiodothyronine concentration in the rat by radioimmunoassay. AB - This paper reports a radioimmunoassay method for triiodothyronine (T3) and the application of this assay to the study of plasma and tissue T3 concentration in the rat. Several antisera formed to a T3-bovine fibrogen complex in guinea pigs and T3-thyroglobulin complex in rabbits are shown to have low or no cross reactivity with T4, monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (TETRAC) and reverse T3. Cross reactivity with T3 derivatives, triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC), and triiodothyropropionic (TRIPROP) was variable, some antisera differentiating moderately well and others not at all. An extraction method is described which removes approximately 85% of added 125I-T3 or unlabelled T3 from tissues and in the final step represents 57% of total tissue T3. Mean plasma T3 in 5 normal male rats was 58 plus or minus 6.0 ng/100 ml (SEM), in liver 769 plus or minus 56 ng/100 g, and kidney 627 plus or minus 39 ng/100 g. Tissue to plasma concentration gradients for liver and kidney were 13.3 and 10.8, respectively. PMID- 1116484 TI - Duration of chorionic gonadotropin production by the placenta of the rhesus monkey. AB - Concentrations of macaque chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) in placenta, blood and urine of rhesus monkeys have been measured by both radioimmunoassay and bioassay throughout gestation. mCG was easily detected and quantified in these specimens for a brief period in early pregnancy, but was not detectable between the 40th day of pregnancy and term in placental extracts, serum, or 40-fold urine concentrates. The apparent absence of mCG after the 40th day of pregnancy makes these macaques a valuable model for pregnancy research, where the absence of chorionic gonadotropin is experimentally desirable. Unlike women and some higher primates, the functional status of the fetal, placental and maternal endocrine compartments of macaques can be studied in the absence of circulating chorionic gonadotropin during mid and late gestation. PMID- 1116485 TI - A direct radioimmunoassay of corticosterone in rat serum. AB - A direct radioimmunoassay of corticosterone is described requiring as little as 1 2 mul of rat serum. After methanol inactivation of CBG, serum was assayed with a relatively specific antibody raised against corticosterone-21-hemisuccinate. While this antibody has a significant cross-reaction with cortisol, prior purification is not necessary since cortisol is not produced in the rat. PMID- 1116486 TI - Conversion of [125I]growth hormone into high molecular weight forms in vivo. AB - [125I]-growth hormone, injected in rats, was converted into high molecular weight forms (70,000 to over 200,000 daltons) as judged by gel filtration of blood serum samples collected after the injection. These forms were reactive with antisera against growth hormone, although their immunoreactivity was only 50% of that of control, single component [125I]growth hormone. Their molecular weight was not affected significantly by denaturation with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Incubation of [125I]growth hormone with blood serum in vitro did not result in the production of high molecular weight forms. PMID- 1116487 TI - Compensatory renal hypertrophy in the absence of androgen binding. AB - As a direct test for a role of androgens, compensatory renal hypertrophy was studied in normal male mice, in androgen-insensitive Tfm/Y mice, and in sibling normal female mice. Fifteen days after unilateral nephrectomy, although the kidneys of the normal male mice were larger, relative increases in renal weight were similar in all groups (33-43%). The magnitude of the increase and the contents of protein, RNA, and DNA were the same in the Tfm/Y mice and the female mice. Androgens are not essential to compensatory renal hypertrophy, but they promote larger mice with larger kidneys. PMID- 1116488 TI - Differences in the enzymatic inactivation of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin by rat kidney homogenate. AB - Arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin, both 14C-labeled in the glycine residue, are enzymatically inactivated by rat kidney supernatant. Production of radioactive metabolites of each hormone was followed as a function of time. Both oxytocin and vasopressin are degraded by an enzyme which cleaves their Pro-X bonds, to release Leu-Gly-NH2 from oxytocin and Arg-Gly-NH2 from vasopressin. In addition, oxytocin alone is degraded rapidly by a chymotrypsin-like enzyme which directly releases Gly-NH2 from the hormone. The direct release of Gly-NH2 from vasopressin in the homogenate is of minor importance, but there occurs a transient formation of an uncharacterized fragment in significant amounts. The data are interpreted to indicate that the difference in the overall mechanism of inactivation of the two hormones by the rat kidney extract is a result of the high level of the enzymic activity which releases Gly-NH2 directly from oxytocin, compared to the low level of activity releasing Gly-NH2 directly from the antidiuretic hormone. This allows, in the case of arginine vasopressin, a greater expression of the activity of enzyme(s) giving rise to uncharacterized fragment(s) and of the Pro-X cleaving enzyme. PMID- 1116489 TI - Reduced level of uterine norepinephrine transmitter during hCG-induced pseudopregnancy in the rabbit. AB - The bulk of rabbit uterine norepinephrine is present in short adrenergic neurons which have unique functional properties. Pseudopregnancy was induced in adult nulliparous rabbits by a single injection of 1,500 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). By the 6th day of pseudopregnancy, the total uterine content of norepinephrine was reduced to a level only 40% of that found in untreated controls. At 12 days after the injection the amine level was greater than at 6 days but still significantly less than in controls. By 18 days, when the progestational proliferation of the endometrium had subsided, the levels in uteri of control and injected animals were similar. The findings support previous findings indicating the presence of a peripheral neuro-endocrine mechanism influencing uterine motor function. PMID- 1116490 TI - Radioimmunoassay of canine growth hormone: enzymatic radioiodination. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay is described for the measurement of plasma concentrations of canine growth hormone (cGH) as low as 0.25 ng/ml. The assay utilizes enzymatically iodinated cGH and the double antibody technique. The mean plasma concentration of growth hormone in the normal dog after overnight fast is 1.75 plus or minus .17 ng/ml. Exogenous cGH was cleared from the plasma of both the normal and hypophysectomized dog with a mean half-life of 25.6 plus or minus 1.0 min and was distributed in a volume equal to 8.9% of the body weight. Insulin hypoglycemia produced a 3- to 5-fold increase in plasma GH in 4 of 6 dogs and arginine infusion failed to produce a statistically significant rise. PMID- 1116491 TI - Structural and mechanical properties of tendon related to function. AB - Tendon normally fulfills its primary role as a flexible force transmitting element very effectively and yet failure of this passive tissue leads to great disability. As a connective tissue its structure is relatively simple and the peculiar helical arrangement of collagen fibres confers highly non-linear as well as time-dependent mechanical properties. Functional significance cannot be attributed to any facet of mechanical response until the physiological pattern of loading is established. In particular the rate of deformation and the minimum force experienced by tendon in normal locomotion have yet to be elicited. Most published values of maximum forces transmitted by tendon fall short of the measured quasi-static rupture strength. The fact that some estimates exceed this ultimate force illustrates the errors incurred in indirect assessment. Direct measurement techniques, which have now been demonstrated to be practicable, should yield valuable information when applied to tendons susceptible to spontaneous rupture. Other proposed mechanical functions of tendon are clearly of secondary importance. Much has yet to be learned of the response of muscle to rapid loading and extension before these hypotheses can be tested fully. With our scant knowledge of normal tendon function it is indeed fortunate that the techniques of repair and treatment of damaged tendon are rapidly advancing. PMID- 1116492 TI - The indirect measurement of arterial blood pressure in the horse. AB - An accurate modified auscultatory technique for the indirect measurement of arterial pressure in the horse is described. Limitations of the method were sensitivity to external motion in nervous, conscious horses, and the failure to detect Korotkoff sounds in shocked, anaesthetized surgical cases. The apparatus required for the method is expensive and is probably impractical for routine monitoring during anaesthesia. PMID- 1116493 TI - Enzyme activity in the serum of thoroughbred horses in the United Kingdom. AB - This paper records the concentrations of aspartate amino transferase (A.A.T.), creatine kinase (C.P.K.), sorbitol dehydrogenase (S.D.H.), alpha-hydroxybuturate dehydrogenase (alpha-H.B.D.) and alkaline phosphatase (A.P.) activity observed in the sera of Thoroughbred horses in the United Kingdom, at rest and during training. The methods of analysis have been selected to achieve the optimum precision when used for horse serum. During training A.A.T., C.P.K. and alpha H.B.D. are related and demonstrate intermittent periods of increasing activity. S.D.H. remains unchanged but demonstrates increases associated with raised titres to equine rhinopneumonitis virus in the serum during the period in which the animal is clinically normal. PMID- 1116494 TI - Abnormal flexion of the corono-pedal joint or "contracted tendons" in unweaned foals. AB - A condition frequently misnamed "contracted tendons" is described in unweaned foals. Various theories regarding its aetiology are examined. Overfeeding and lack of exercise are suggested as being the most likely causes, leading to excessive growth of the long bones. An effective method of treatment is described. "Contracted tendons" in yearlings are also discussed. PMID- 1116495 TI - Osteoporosis in a six year old pony. AB - A case of what can be presumed to be secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism, due to high phosphorus diet, in a six year old pony is discussed. The findings are compared to those found when the disease occurs in young growing horses. PMID- 1116496 TI - Primary ocular melanoma in a young horse. AB - The clinical features and pathology of an ocular melanoma in a young born-grey mare are described. The tumour, possibly arising on the cornea, invaded the eye and extra-orbital muscles. Histologically; it consisted predominantly of spindle shaped and polygonal cells containing melanin. PMID- 1116497 TI - Response of the elasmobranch utricle to maintained spatial orientation, transitions and jitter. AB - 1. The spike discharges of single first order afferents from the utricle were recorded in the isolated head of the guitarfish and tested for responses to maintained spatial orientation, to transitions and to a small positional jitter representing natural perturbations. Sensitivity to maintained orientation is referred to as "tonic", and to transitions and jitter as "phasic". 2. Most responsive cells were either phasically, or phasically and tonically sensitive. A few were exclusively tonic. Tonic responsiveness implied that maintained orientation was associated with a stationary discharge which differed from one position to another; it sometimes differed also from one station to another at the same position. Transitions from one position to another evoked a rate change that later adapted to the level of the tonic response. Opposite transitions evoked rate changes in the opposite sense. The phasic rate change was usually larger for transitions that increased the rate. Many units were non-responsive. The prevalence of phasic over tonic sensitivity is stressed, and the remarkable heterogeneity of utricular afferents confirms that the macula is not uniform, probably coding a wide variety of head accelerations. 3. The jitter increased the ongoing scatter of intervals and binrates, changing, complicating, or abolishing their periodicity. The jitter could influence the effects of maintained orientation, increasing, decreasing, inverting or even revealing directional sensitivity. It could also force previously independent units into an orientation-dependent correlation; hence, between-cell correlation is potentially useful in coding of spatiel orientation. Naturally occurring perturbations may sonstitute a significant issue of normal operation. 4. Certain afferents from the horizontal semicircular canal showed a slow tonic response to maintained spatial orientation. PMID- 1116498 TI - The direct spinal area of the inferior olivary nucleus: an electron microscopic study. AB - Identification of the direct spinal areas (portions of the dorsal and medial accessory nuclei) within the opossum inferior olivary complex was accomplished by mapping the location of the terminal degeneration by the Fink-Heimer technique subsequent to cervical cord lesions. Following similar lesions, sampling of these same regions for electron microscopic study was assured by examination of transversely oriented, 1 mu plastic sections prior to thin sectioning. The first evidence of electron dense axon terminals was found at a survival time of 24 hours. At survival times of 36, 48 and 72 hours, degenerating presynaptic profiles shrink, become irregular in shape and are totally or partially surrounded by glial processes. Spinal terminals average 1-2 mu in their greatest dimension, contain round, clear synaptic vesicles and generally contact small diameter (0.4--1.8 mu) dendritic shafts or occasional spiny appendages. The spiny dendritic appendages make up the central core of the olivary glomeruli and these juxtaposed dendritic processes exhibit gap junctions. At longer survival times (5, 7 and 9 days) many presynaptic profiles with either round or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles remain normal in appearance and contact dendritic shafts or the spiny appendages within glomeruli. Afferents from other sources (possible including intrinsic neurons) must terminate within the direct spinal portion of the nuclear complex to account for the numerous axon terminals which retain normal morphology after such long survival times. PMID- 1116499 TI - Receptive field characteristics and plastic properties of visual cortical cells in kittens reared with or without visual experience. AB - The functional organization of visual cortical cells was studied in two groups of five week old kittens: one group normally reared, the other reared in total darkness from the third day after birth. The following results were obtained: 1. The cells of the normally reared kittens were similar to adult cells except for some aspects of immaturity. In contrast, the cells of the dark-reared kittens were totally non-specific. Their receptive field showed neither orientational nor directional properties. 2. The distribution of cells according to the ocular dominance was not different in either group and was similar to that previously described for "adult" cells. 3. A few hours of visual experience was sufficient to provide specific receptive field properties to the cortical cells of a dark reared kitten. 4. Conditioning exposure with an oriented grating induced changes in orientational sensitivity in normally reared kittens but not in dark-reared kittens. PMID- 1116500 TI - [Quantitative study of autoradiographic marking in the rat nervous system. II. Final characteristics of the adult animal brain: interpretation rules and concept of cortical chronoarchitecture]. AB - In this work a statistical study is made of the final outcome of the quantification of the nerve cell labelling in the adult, after prenatal injection of tritiated thymidine. This outcome is presented in the form of histograms which are the superposition of elementary Poisson distributions. A theoretical model, based on Probability theory, has been developed explaining the experimental outcome. Studying the final histograms of a defined region, according to this model, we can find out the number and the importance of the constitutive cell generations (chronology). From the graphic study of the percentage of labelled cells and that of the average of grains, the characteristics of the stratification of the neuronic populations/architectony) can be defined. All these notions have been gathered into a new concept: chronoarchitectony. This concept has also been applied to the neocortex. The results show that there is a strong interpenetration of the different cell generations in a given layer. The cortical neuronic production is a continuous phenomenon and there is no correspondence with the discontinuity of the cortical layers. PMID- 1116501 TI - Modification of single neurons in the kitten's visual cortex after brief periods of monocular visual experience. AB - Kittens were deprived of form vision by suturing the lids of both eyes, except for a brief period (1, 6 or 20 hours) on the 29th day when the right eye was opened. 6 space and 20 hours of monocular vision produced a distinct shift in the ocular dominance of visual cortical neurons towards the experienced eye, and an increase in the proportion of cells with obvious orientation selectivity. These modifications in the visual cortex were enhanced by a period of "consolidation": they were somewhat less obvious if recordings were taken immediately after the exposure but were complete 2 days later. Although remarkably little visual experience was needed for these changes, the results contrast with the effects of rearing in an environment of vertical stripes, where only 1 hour of exposure produces much more striking effects. A normal visual environment may have a less powerful organizing influence on cortical neurons than such an environment containing only one orientation. PMID- 1116503 TI - Centrum-medianum--parafascicularis lesions and reactivity to noxious and non noxious stimuli. PMID- 1116502 TI - Labyrinthine influence on cat forelimb motoneurons. AB - 1. Intracellular responses in forelimb motoneurons to electrical stimulation of the whole labyrinth and of individual semicircular canal nerves were studied in decerebrated, unanesthetized cats. 2. Stimulation of the whole labyrinth typically produced EPSPs, usually bilaterally, in forelimb extensor (LON, LAT, MED) and shoulder (SI) motoneurons and bilateral IPSPs in forelimb flexor (BIC) motoneurons. 3. Latencies of PSPs indicated that most of those in extensor motoneurons were trisynaptic and many seen in flexor motoneurons may involve four synapses. 4. In the cells sampled, stimulation of the anterior, horizontal or posterior canal nerves often evoked EPSPs in extensor and IPSPs in flexor motoneurons, both ipsi- and contralaterally. Responses to canal stimulation were weaker and more variable than those to stimulation of the whole nerve. 5. Transection of the MLF in the lower medulla had no effect on PSPs evoked in forelimb motoneurons. Lesions in the medulla in the area of the LVST greatly reduced the occurrence of contralateral EPSPs in extensor and IPSPs in flexor motoneurons. The pathway linking labyrinths to forelimb motoneurons therefore appears to include the LVST. Hemisection shows that the pathway to contralateral motoneurons descends in the cord on the side of the stimulated labyrinth before crossing to influence these cells. 6. Labyrinthine control of forelimb motoneurons is less direct than control of neck and back motoneurons. It is suggested that the interneuron in the pathway to forelimb motoneurons is the site of integration of labyrinthine with other reflexes. PMID- 1116504 TI - Recovery of function in the albino rat following either simultaneous of seriatim lesions of the caudate nucleus. PMID- 1116505 TI - Acetylcholine epilepsy: relationship of surface concentration, chronicity of denervation, and focus size. PMID- 1116506 TI - The role of the dorsal funiculus of the primate in tactile discrimination. PMID- 1116507 TI - Effect of a forebrain lesion on the polycyclic sleep-wake cycle and sleep-wake patterns in the cat. PMID- 1116508 TI - The projection of occipital cortex to orbital cortex in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 1116509 TI - The projection of occipital cortex to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 1116510 TI - Effects of projected cortical epileptiform discharges on neuronal activities in ventrobasal thalamus of the cat: ictal discharge. PMID- 1116511 TI - Neurotrophic effects: characterization of the nerve extract that stimulates muscle development in culture. PMID- 1116512 TI - Failure to evoke ictal discharges by metrazol activation in cats with an experimentally induced mild amygdaloid focus. PMID- 1116513 TI - Trichinella spiralis: growth of the intracellular (muscle) larva. PMID- 1116514 TI - Experimental infection of the horse with Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 1116515 TI - Electron microscope studies of Fasciola hepatica. XII. The fine structure of the gastrodermis. PMID- 1116516 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: development of acetabular glands of cercaria at ultrastructural level. PMID- 1116517 TI - Experimental acute Babesia caballi infections. I. Red blood cell dynamics. PMID- 1116518 TI - Toxoplasma gondii: immunopathology of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs injected with living parasites. PMID- 1116519 TI - Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis: control by premunition and chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 1116520 TI - Vinca alkaloids XXXV.1 Desacetoxyvinblastine a new minor alkaloid from Vinca rosea L. (Catharanthus roseus G. Don). PMID- 1116521 TI - 2,6-Dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenols. Antiseptic secondary metabolites of Phoronopsis viridis. PMID- 1116522 TI - An in vitro demonstration of proteolysis by macrophages and its increase with coumarin. PMID- 1116523 TI - Seasonal variations in testicular monoamine oxidase in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus). PMID- 1116524 TI - Copper and zinc levelsin the blood serum and urine of bilharzial hepatic fibrosis. PMID- 1116526 TI - Reversal of dominance in the competition between Drosophila nasuta and Drosophila neonasuta. PMID- 1116525 TI - [Nucleic acids content in muscular tissue of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson): variations related to gonad maturation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1116527 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in Xiphophorin fish melanoma conditioned by the locus Sd. PMID- 1116528 TI - Selection in parthenogenetic lines of Asplanchna sieboldi (Leydig) 1854 (Rotatoria). PMID- 1116529 TI - Biological effects of microwave radiation on the testes of Swiss mice. PMID- 1116530 TI - Studies on the physiology of hyacinth bulbs VII. Root and bulblet-like regenerations from the ovary wall of Hyacinthus orientalis L. PMID- 1116531 TI - Peripheral inhibition in sustained and transient on-center ganglion cells in cat retina. PMID- 1116532 TI - Rhythmic neuronal activity in tissue culture. PMID- 1116533 TI - Recording of electrical activity from microscopically identified neurons of the mammalian brain. PMID- 1116534 TI - Neurosecretory cells in the hypocerebral ganglion of Gryllus bimaculatus de Geer (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). PMID- 1116535 TI - Heart tissue acetylcholine in chronically exercised rats. PMID- 1116536 TI - Neurotubules: different densities in peripheral motor and sensory nerve fibres. PMID- 1116537 TI - Visual cell coding: factoring dioptric responses from maintained discharge. PMID- 1116538 TI - Pineal body: neuronal recording. PMID- 1116539 TI - Zoom neurons in visual cortex: receptive field enlargements with near fixation in monkeys. PMID- 1116540 TI - Influence of superior cervical ganglion on electroretinogram of the rabbit. PMID- 1116541 TI - Lysergic acid diethylamide affects blood flow to specific areas of the conscious rat brain. PMID- 1116542 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular calcitonin in the conscious rabbit. PMID- 1116543 TI - The metabolism of phenylethylamine and O-methylated derivatives by monoamine oxidase. PMID- 1116544 TI - The action of the alkaloids from yew (Taxus baccata) on the action potential in the Xenopus medullated axon. PMID- 1116545 TI - The effect of cold and diazepam on the toxicity of fenfluramine in mice. PMID- 1116546 TI - Placental transfer of fluoride during methoxyflurane anaesthesia for cesarean section. PMID- 1116547 TI - Chromosome damage induced by gentamicin in mouse L-cells. PMID- 1116548 TI - The calorigenic action of norepinephrine in rats after hypophysectomy. PMID- 1116549 TI - Morphological aspects of the functional synchronization of supraoptic nucleus neurons. PMID- 1116550 TI - Membrane filters do not prevent cell contacts. PMID- 1116551 TI - The effect of polycyclic hydrocarbons on the synthesis of DNA in lymphoid organs, bone marrow and regenerating rat liver. PMID- 1116552 TI - Foetal red cell macrocytosis induced by pyrimethamine; its teratogenic role. PMID- 1116553 TI - The binding of (125I)-concanavalin-A to normal and endotoxin stimulated peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 1116554 TI - Synthesis of a pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin by human leucocytes. PMID- 1116555 TI - Transferrin behaviour in primary haemochromatosis. PMID- 1116556 TI - The effect of common antibiotics on lymphocyte transformation. PMID- 1116557 TI - Certain features of hypophyseal intermediate lobe materials as seen in tissue culture. PMID- 1116558 TI - Effects of melatonin and serotonin on 14C-glucose metabolism in rabbit adipose tissue. PMID- 1116559 TI - An instrument for mechanical dissociation of tissues. PMID- 1116560 TI - Factors influencing the serum activity in mice after intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of 14C orotic acid. PMID- 1116561 TI - A rapid method for determining ATP by the firefly luciferin-luciferase system. PMID- 1116562 TI - Stimulation of immature male rat liver growth by phenobarbital and 3 methylcholanthrene. PMID- 1116563 TI - Experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits fed cholesterol-free diets. 4. Investigation into the source of cholesteremia. PMID- 1116564 TI - Alloxan induced fatty liver degeneration in rat: its effect on the microsomal lipids. PMID- 1116565 TI - Neurohistochemical changes in the liver of guinea pigs following ligation of the common bile duct. PMID- 1116566 TI - Decreased molecular weight of RNA transcribed following kidney storage. PMID- 1116567 TI - Analytic procedures for data on whole-body metabolism of cholesterol. PMID- 1116568 TI - Protein synthesis in rats force-fed for one day purified diets containing complete, threonine-devoid or no amino acids and adequate or low carbohydrate. PMID- 1116569 TI - Drug-induced renal medullary necrosis. III. Increased salt intake and enlargement of the adrenal cortex. PMID- 1116570 TI - Stimulation of cholesterol esterification in vitro in organ cultures of normal pigeon aorta. PMID- 1116571 TI - Homoserine inhibition of in vitro sickling of erythrocytes. PMID- 1116573 TI - Glucocorticoid induced lesions in rat livers. PMID- 1116572 TI - Effect of exercise, hypoxia, and epinephrine on lysosomes and plasma enzymes. PMID- 1116574 TI - Biochemical and structural changes of rat liver lysosomes by ethionine. PMID- 1116575 TI - An evaluation of some of the potential immediate sources of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis in swine. PMID- 1116576 TI - Clinical observations of tympanometric findings in external otitis. PMID- 1116577 TI - Maxillectomy cavity care with a pulsating stream irrigator. PMID- 1116578 TI - The patulous Eustachian tube. PMID- 1116579 TI - Late results of scleroplasty in surgical treatment of progressive myopia. PMID- 1116580 TI - Ophthalmological problems related to burn injury. PMID- 1116581 TI - Washington Hospital Center's glaucoma symposium. PMID- 1116582 TI - Ophthalmology at the Rhode Island Hospital. PMID- 1116583 TI - Editorial: The noise problem at OSHA. PMID- 1116584 TI - Editorial: The need for ethical controls. PMID- 1116585 TI - Recent observations on the bacteriology of tonsillitis. PMID- 1116586 TI - [Findings against adrenoreceptor transformation in the myocardium]. PMID- 1116587 TI - [The effect of a divascan preparation on noradrenaline concentration in the hearts of rats subjected to intense stimulation]. PMID- 1116588 TI - [The effect of catecholamines on sodium transport in the skin of frogs]. PMID- 1116589 TI - [Pharmacologic properties of the aerosol preparation streptourosol]. PMID- 1116590 TI - C-alkylation of thallium (I) salts of beta-diketones: synthesis of cyclopentane-2 oxo-1-heptanoic acid. PMID- 1116591 TI - The structure-activity relationship of 9-(X-phenyl)guanine inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. AB - A correlation analysis of the structure-activity relationship in the 9-(X phenyl)guanine inhibitors of xanthine oxidase has been made. The following equation (see article) has been formulated for 30 derivatives having substituents in the 2-, 3- and 4-positions of the 9-phenyl moiety. C in this expression is the molar concentration of inhibitor causing 50% inhibition of xanthine oxidase. MR 3,4 is the combined molecular refractivity of substituents in the 3- and 4 positions. Molar refractivity is a measure of the polarizability of the substituents; it is assumed in the present instance to be a measure of the dispersion forces between the substituent and the enzyme. The positive coefficient with this term roughly indicates that the greater the number of electrons and the greater their polarizability in the substituent, the more inhibitory are the substituents. Es-2 and Es-4 are Taft steric parameters for functions in the ortho and para positions. The positive coefficients with these two terms indicate that bulky groups in the 2- and 4-positions do not make good inhibitors. This is a proximity effect and is related to the enzymic region near the ortho and para positions. No sigma term occurs in this equation which indicates the lack of importance of the electronic effect of substituents on the phenyl ring as it pertains to inhibitory power. Since the hydrophobic parameter pi was not found to be important, it is assumed that these inhibitors are not binding to hydrophobic space in or on the enzyme; rather, they are interacting with polar space. The implications of this equation for the design of better inhibitors are discussed. PMID- 1116592 TI - [Iodo-derivatives of 2-aminobenzensulfonamide and 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1 dioxide]. AB - A series of iodo derivatives of 2-aminobenzensulfonamide and its derivatives has been prepared by reaction with iodine chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N dimethylacetamide. The structure of each compound was confirmed by transformation with formic acid into the corresponding 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine and comparison with the same compounds prepared via the Sandmeyer reaction starting form amino derivatives of known structure. It was found that the iodination reaction in N,N dimethylformamide, can lead, depending on the nature of the starting material, to the formation of benzothiadiazine derivatives apparently generated from sulfonamide via a formylation reaction due to N,N-dimethylformamide. PMID- 1116593 TI - [Pyrazino (1,2-a)- and 1,4-diazepino(1,2-a)indoles. II. Synthesis of 1 substituted 10-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazino(1,2-a)indoles and of 11-phenyl-4,5 dihydro-4H-diazepino(1,2-a)indoles]. AB - The AA. describe the synthesis of some 1-substituted 10-phenyl-3,4 dihydropyrazino(1,2-a)indoles and 11-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-1,4-diazepino(1,2 a)indoles. Preliminary pharmacological tests indicate that these products, have lower sedative and antiadrenergic activity than the compounds reported in our previous paper. PMID- 1116595 TI - Synthesis and properties of 1,3-bis-salicyloyl-5,5-diethylbarbituric and 1,3-bis salicyloyl-5,5-diethyl-2-deoxybarbituric acids. AB - 1,3-Bis-salicyloyl-5,5-diethylbarbituric acid and 1,3-bis-sacilcyloyl-5,5-diethyl 2-deoxybarbituric acid have been synthesized and found not to isomerize spontaneously. 1,3-Bis-salicyloylbarbital undergoes thermal decomposition giving 2,3-dihydro-4H-benzoxazine [1,3]dione-2,4, carbon monoxide and cyclopentane. PMID- 1116594 TI - [Salts and betaines with quaternary ammonium function derived from sulfanilamide and from p-aminobenzoic and p-aminosalicylic acids]. AB - The preparation of quaternary ammonium derivatives of sulfanilamide and of tertiary amines containing an aliphatic chain up to c-18 is described. Some members of this series show greater antimicrobial activity than the parent substances. This is found also in comparison with other analogous series which have been prepared. PMID- 1116596 TI - [New esters of prednisolone and triamcinolone acetonide and their anti inflammatory activity]. AB - Seventeen acids with diphenylyl and cyclohexylphenyl groups were esterified with the hydroxyl group at position 21 of prednisolone and triamcinolone acetonide. Some of these esters showed marked activity against carrageenin edema and Selye spots in the rat, especially on local application. PMID- 1116597 TI - [Preparation and pharmacological study of some N-substituted amino-1,8 naphthyridines]. AB - The synthesis of N-substituted amino-1,8-naphthyridines is described. Some products were subyected to pharmacological screening and the resulting data are reported. PMID- 1116598 TI - [Derivatives if imidazol (1,5-a) pyridin-3(2H)-one]. AB - Numerous imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one derivatives having one or two electron attracting substituents in positions 1 or 2 have been prepared starting from substituted 2-aminomethyl-pyridines and phosgene or ethyl chlorocarbonate. Attempts to obtain unsubstituted imidazo[1,5-a]-pyridin-3(2H)-one were not successful. PMID- 1116599 TI - Cholinergic compounds. II - Synthesis and biological activity of epi- and allo desethermuscarines. AB - To obtain further clarification of structure-activity relationships of cholinergic substances, which would give better understanding of cholinergic receptors, the carbocyclic analogs of epi-muscarine (I) and allo-muscarine (II) were prepared starting from 6-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (IV). Pharmacological tests show that these two compounds possess lower muscarinic activity than the carbocyclic analog of muscarine (desethermuscarine), the allo isomer being from 5 to 500 times more active than the epi isomer. Therefore, the activity in the carbocyclic series follows, for these receptors, the same pattern as the oxygenated one. As far as nicotinic activity is concerned. (I) is 2.5 times more active than (II), the effective doses being from 40 to 100 times higher than that of Ach. These results suggest a steric rather than an electronic influence for the ether oxygen, whose principal role seems to be that of contributing to the rigidity of the molecule. For most receptors assayed, an inverse relationship between the potency ratio of the isomers and the sensitivity towards Ach has been observed. PMID- 1116600 TI - Studies on glycoconjugates. LXIV. Complete structure of two carbohydrate units of human serotransferrin. PMID- 1116601 TI - Preparation of N-acetylglucosamine derivatives of proteins. PMID- 1116602 TI - Differential effects of ethidium bromide on cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein synthesis. PMID- 1116603 TI - The NH-2-terminal sequences of a subunit of the first component of human complement, C1s, and its activated form, C1s. PMID- 1116604 TI - Interconvertible forms of class A pyruvate kinase from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. PMID- 1116605 TI - Alanine-mediated reversible inactivation of tumour pyruvate kinase caused by a tetramer-dimer transition. PMID- 1116606 TI - Magnesium 2,4-divinylphaeoporphyrin alpha-5 as a substrate for chlorophyll biosynthesis in vitro. PMID- 1116607 TI - Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by peptide chloromethyl ketones. PMID- 1116608 TI - Activation of factor IX by activated factor X: a link between the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation systems. PMID- 1116609 TI - A worm's-eye view of biomedical journals. PMID- 1116610 TI - Site visits for the review of grant applications to the National Institutes of Health: Views of an applicant and a scientist administrator. AB - The review of applications to the National Institutes of Health for individual research projects and complex programs of research may involve a visit to the applicant institution. The site visit is a review technique that is used only when information necessary for the scientific and technical review cannot be obtained satisfactorily by other means. The agenda for the visit must be carefully planned, particularly in the case of large research programs, since adequate time must be allowed for the presentation and discussion of the more complex components of the proposed research. All of the participating investigators associated with the proposal should get together for a thorough and critical rehearsal a few days before the visit. The impressions conveyed to the site visitors are transmitted to the initial review group usually through a site visit report. The final recommendation of the visitors, which is based on the scientific merit of the proposed research, the competence of the investigators, and the suitability of the institutional setting, results from a thorough discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed program. The initial review group, in turn, uses the information obtained at the site visit in arriving at their recommendation to the appropriate National Advisory Council. PMID- 1116611 TI - Development and aging at the molecular level. PMID- 1116612 TI - Covalent modification of nuclear proteins during aging. AB - An in vitro assay system has been established to study acetylation and phosphorylation of nuclear proteins from isolated nuclei. Phosphorylation of neclear proteins reached a peak within 5 min while maximum acetylation occurred about 10 min later. The rate of acetylation of liver nuclear proteins in 15 min incubation was significantly higher in "old" mice (29 mo) than in "young" mice (2 mo), while there was no difference in phosphorylation. When nuclear histones were fractionated by polyacrylamide-urea electrophoresis the acetylation of histone F3 was increased in "old" mice to 129% and F2al to 112% of the values in "young" mice. Acetylation of phenol-soluble nuclear acidic proteins was increased to 250% and phosphorylation to 138% in "old" mice as compared to "young" mice. This increase in covalent modification of acidic proteins was found in tow specific fractions when separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By contrast, the labeling of nucleoplasmic proteins, soluble in 0.14 M NaCl, showed no significant difference between the two ages. PMID- 1116613 TI - Effects of aging on ionic movements of atrial muscle. AB - The effect of age on ion concentrations and fluxes in cardiac muscle was examined. Left atria from rats of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 28 months of age were analyzed for content of total water, sodium and potassium, for 14C-inulin space and for 22Na and 42K influx and efflux rates. Animals of 3 and 24 months of age showed a small but significantly greater water content than those of the other age groups. The inulin space, after a small nonsignificant fall between 1 and 3 mo, increased significantly at 6 mo, then leveled off through 28 mo. Intracellular sodium (Na)1, and potassium (K)1 concentrations were calculated. (Na)1 showed a significant increase from 1 to 3 mo, decreased significantly at 6 mo, and then leveled off. (K)1 exhibited an initial significant decrease from 1 to 3 mo followed at 6 mo by a significant increase which remained unchanged through 28 mo. Trend analyses of the Na influx rates showed that a significant increase with age occurred, except for a decrease at 24 mo. Potassium influx rates remained relatively constant at all ages. Sodium efflux appeared to be multiexponential, with at least two distinct rate constants (k1 and k2). Potassium efflux steadily decreased as a function of age. The results are discussed with reference to possible consequences of aging on cardiac physiology and reactivity to pharmacological agents. PMID- 1116614 TI - Implications of environmental pharmacology and toxicology: food sources of incidental drug exposure. Introductory remarks. PMID- 1116615 TI - Drug and chemical residues in domestic animals. AB - Given the large number of chemical substances that may find their way into the food supply, a system is needed to monitor their presence. The U. S. Department of Agriculture's Meat and Poultry Inspection Program routinely tests for chemical residues in animals coming to slaughter. Pesticides, heavy metals, growth promotants (hormones and hormonelike agents), and antibiotics are included. Samples are taken statistically so that inferences as to national incidence of residues can be drawn. When a problem is identified, a more selective sampling is designed to help follow up on the initial regulatory action. In testing for pesticides, only DDT and dieldrin are found with any frequency and their levels are decreasing; violative residues of any chlorinated hydrocarbon are generally a result of an industrial accident rather than agricultural usage. Analyses for heavy metals have revealed detectable levels of mercury, lead, and others, but none at levels that are considered a health hazard. Of the hormone or hormonelike substances, only diethylstilbestrol has been a residue problem and its future is uncertain. The most extensive monitoring for veterinary drugs is on the antimicrobials, including sulfonamides, streptomycin, and the tetracycline group of antibiotics that constitute the bulk of the violations; their simultaneous use prophylactically and therapeutically has contributed to the problem in certain cases. A strong, well-designed user education program on proper application of pesticides, chemicals, and veterinary drugs appears to be one method of reducing the incidence of unwanted residues. PMID- 1116616 TI - Clinical implications of the presence of drug residues in food. AB - Untoward clinical effects in man of drugs or chemicals as food residues might occur from direct pharmacological action, stimulation of hypersensitivity, or effects on cell regulatory processes. Antimicrobial residues might also influence the normal bacterial microflora of the skin, mucous membranes, and gastromintestinal tract. No direct evidence exists to incriminate antimicrobial drug food residues in any of these events. The permissible residues of antimicrobial substances are so low and the assay procedures for detecting them so sensitive that adequate surveillance should preclude harmful effects in man from these agents. Problems still remain with respect to potential carcinogenicity of drugs and chemicals as food residues. PMID- 1116617 TI - Varicocelectomy as therapy in male infertility: a study of 504 cases. AB - Over a ten-year period, surgical correction of varicocele was performed on 504 selected subfertile men. They were followed up for at least one year after surgery. Semen quality was improved in 71% and 55% of the wives became pregnant. Statistically, the results were better in terms of semen quality improvement and pregnancy for patients who had preoperative sperm counts over 10 million/ml (88% improved, 68% pregnancy rate) than for patients who had preoperative sperm counts of less than 10 million/ml (33% improved, 23% pregnancy rate). The empirical use of postoperative human chorionic gonadotropin therapy in this latter group improved results significantly (56% improved, 44% pregnancy rate). PMID- 1116618 TI - Circulating antispermatozoa immunoglobulin G in men after vasectomy. AB - The sera from ten vasectomized men produced immobilization and agglutination of human spermatozoa and positive passive hemagglutination tests. Immunoglobulin G fractionated from the samples of sera produced similar effects. In these men, it appears that a circulating antibody, immunoglobulin G, was produced against spermatozoa after vasectomy. The sera from 22 men who had not undergone vasectomy did not cause spermatozoa immobilization or agglutination, and produced a negative passive hemagglutination test. PMID- 1116619 TI - Circulating sperm-agglutinating antibodies in azoospermic men with congenital bilateral absence of the vasa deferentia. AB - Congenital bilateral absence of the vasa deferentia has been found to be the cause for azoospermia in 101 patients who have been examined in our urologic practice since 1956. This represents approximately 2% of the 5112 patients seen during that time because of problems relating to infertility. Of these 101 men, 29 have had their sera tested for the presence of circulating sperm-agglutinating antibodies. The Shulman15 modification of the macroscopic gelatin sperm agglutination test of Kibrick et al6 was used. None of these patients had had testicular biopsy. Significantly high titers (1:32 or greater) of antibodies were found in 18 (62.1%) men, low titers (1:16 or less) in five (17.2%), and no antibodies in six (20.7%). PMID- 1116620 TI - Inhibition of rat spermatogenesis and seminiferous tubule growth after short-term and long-term administration of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. AB - Seminiferous tubules from rats killed 24 hours after injection of pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, did not grow well in tissue culture when compared to control tubules. Treated tubules showed severe tubular degeneration and loss of cellular detail after nine days in culture. Animals injected with pargyline for ten days had varying degrees of semi-niferous tubule degeneration with depletion of the spermatogenic elements. It is suggested that pargyline has a detrimental effect on spermatogenesis. Pargyline possibly acts by decreasing MAO levels which, in turn, may increase potentially damaging amines which may be responsible for the testicular damage. PMID- 1116621 TI - The development of rabbit ovarian follicles following copulation. AB - The morphologic development of rabbit ovarian follicles was studied by means of light and electron microscopy 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours after copulation. The progressive changes at the apex of the follicle included extensive edema, hyperemia, and rupture of blood vessels, and then rupture of the follicular wall. Ovulation occurred when the cohesive forces in the cellular layers of the follicular apex became less than the physical forces within the follicle. Most of the morphologic changes in the follicle as it approached ovulation could be related to the effects of locally produced estrogens. PMID- 1116622 TI - Clinical experience with ethinyl estradiol and d-norgestrel as an oral contraceptive. AB - One hundred eighty-one women received 30 mug of ethinyl estradiol plus 150 mug of d-norgestrel as an oral contraceptive for 21 days and then received no tablets for the next seven days for a total of 1,488 cycles. There were no pregnancies. Cycle control was good to excellent. Menstrual cycles lasted 25 to 32 days in 96.2% of treatment cycles. Menstruation lasted three to five days in 93.2% of the cycles, and it began three to five days after the last day of medication in 79.1%. The menstrual flow was moderate in 87%. Breakthrough bleeding occurred in 2.0% of treatment cycles, spotting in 0.1%, and amenorrhea in 0.8%. The incidence of adverse subjective symptoms was minimal and significant increases compared with the pretreatment cycle were noted only for nausea in the first two cycles and for nervousness in the second cycle of treatment. Overall incidence of nausea was 3.2% of treatment cycles. PMID- 1116623 TI - Menstrual regulation in the United States: a preliminary report. AB - The efficacy and safety of vacuum aspiration on an outpatient basis without anesthesia or cervical dilatation within 14 days of a missed menstrual period was evaluated in 1,009 women. Among those patients in whom pregnancy could be documented (54.8%), 4.2% were still pregnant after the procedure. Potentially serious complications were pelvic infection (0.4%), bleeding requiring a repeat curettage (0.3%), and prolonged bleeding (0.7%). For comfort, 26.7% received local anesthesia or analgesia. To allow selection of a higher proportion of pregnant patients, the probability of pregnancy was derived for patients with either a positive or negative pregnancy test at each length of amenorrhea. To determine the best vacuum pressure and source, and the cannula size and type at each duration of pregnancy, a more extensive (large, controlled, comparative) study is required. PMID- 1116624 TI - Prostaglandin content of human endometrium. AB - Prostaglandin levels in 46 human endometrium specimens were determined and expressed as both total uterine content and on a dry weight basis. Concentrations of PGF2alpha and PGE did not differ significantly between specimens obtained during the proliferative or secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. There was, however, a fourfold higher total uterine content of prostaglandins during the secretory phase. There was also a more than fourfold higher level of PGF2alpha than of PGE during the secretory phase. The two types of prostaglandins were present in nearly equal amounts during the proliferative phase. Atrophic endometrium was characterized by a high concentration of prostaglandins, but a low total amount consisting of nearly equal amounts of PGF2alpha and PGE. PMID- 1116625 TI - The effect of orally administered androgens on sperm motility. AB - The administration of oral androgens increased sperm motility to normal in 30 (52%) of 58 men whose impaired motility was the only defect in their semen quality. Their ejaculate volume, sperm count, and morphology were not benefited. Suppression was infrequently seen and appeared to be transient. Pregnancies were documented in 15 (26%) of the 58 couples studies. However, communication regarding this matter was made with only 39 of the 58 couples. The benefical effect from a single course of androgen is likely to persist. However, if a pregnancy does not ensue, semen analysis should be repeated to determine if additional medication is necessary. Pretreatment serum testosterone determinations were not helpful in determining those men who would most likely benefit from therapy. No appreciable benefit was noted in the semen quality of the 35 subfertile men identically treated who, in addition to poor sperm motility, had other defects in their semen. PMID- 1116626 TI - Comparative glycolytic metabolism of sperm from normal, asthenospermic, and oligoasthenospermic men. AB - The glycolysis of spermatozoa from normal, asthenospermic, and oligoasthen ospermic men was studied using a respirometry technique to measure glucose utilization by the production of 14CO2 from glucose 14C (U-L). Lactate and pyruvate were measured by a spectrophotometric method using DNA as reference. Human spermatozoa preferred glucose to fructose as the glycolytic substrate when concentrations of these hexoses did not exceed normal concentrations in the blood. Spermatozoa from oligoasthenospermic men produced an average of 3.5 times more 14CO2 (345, 457 dpm/mg DNA/hour) than did spermatozoa from asthenospermic (88,837 dpm/mg DNA/hour) and normal men (96,595 dpm/mg DNA/hour). They also formed four times more lactate (9.63 mumoles/mg DNA/hour) than spermatozoa from normal men (2.33 mumoles/mg DNA/hour) and 6.4 times more pyruvate (2.90 mumoles/mg DNA/hour compared to 0.45 mumoles/mg DNA/hour). Spermatozoa from asthenospermic men formed amounts of lactate (3.01 mumoles/mg DNA/hour) and pyruvate (0.63 mumoles/mg DNA/hour) similar to those produced by spermatozoa from normal men. PMID- 1116627 TI - Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in fertile and subfertile men. AB - High levels of serotonin and 5-HIAA were found in the urine of a group of 102 oligospermic and azoospermic men. These levels were significantly higher than those of normal fertile men. PMID- 1116628 TI - Plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone after vasectomy. AB - Plasma testosterone, LH, and FSH were measured in 24 healthy subjects prior to and after bilateral vasectomy. No significant changes were noted in any of the hormones 42 and 87 days after surgery; this indicated that normal testicular function persisted during the period of study. PMID- 1116629 TI - Plasma testosterone response to short-term human chorionic gonadotropin administration in men with follicle-stimulating hormone suppressed by exogenous estrogen. AB - In order to investigate the role of FSH in Leydig cell function, six men were given four daily injections of HCG (4,000 IU) while receiving oral ethinyl estradiol. The peak testosterone levels in these subjects were contrasted to the results obtained in seven men who received HCG without additional exogenous steroid treatment. Urinary and plasma FSH was suppressed to 26% and 50%, respectively, of basal values by the estrogen treatment. Peak plasma testosterone determinations following HCG did not differ in the two groups of subjects. Additionally, an early pubertal boy had a normal HCG-induced testosterone rise while his urinary FSH was suppressed by estradiol to lower than prepubertal levels. The data indicate the short-term FSH suppression does not alter testicular responsivity to short-term HCG administration. A role for FSH in Leydig cell testosterone production in men has yet to be demonstrated. PMID- 1116630 TI - Selective ovarian sympathectomy in the rabbit. AB - Evidence implicates the ovarian nerves in the regulation of hormonal and ovulatory functions. A technique for selectively denervating the in situ rabbit ovary is therefore of considerable investigative value. The ovarian artery was stripped of its adventitia and nerve bundles. Three weeks later, fluorescent histochemistry confirmed the complete absence of adrenergic nerves in the vessel walls and ovarian stroma of the experimental ovary, as compared to the abundant fluorescent structures present in the contralateral control ovary. The surgically treated ovaries demonstrated no significant ischemic or trophic change on gross and routine histologic examination. PMID- 1116631 TI - Studies on the function of the denervated rabbit ovary: human chorionic gonadotropin-induced ovulation. AB - The described method for selective sympathetic denervation of the in vivo rabbit ovary involved stripping the ovarian artery of its nerve bundles and adventitial tissue. The ovary was then entirely free of fluorescent-staining adrenergic nerves. This technique was used to study the effects of ovarian denervation on HCG-induced ovulation. After HCG was administered to 22 rabbits which had previously undergone unilateral ovarian denervation, the ovaries were observed for follicular maturation and rupture. Control ovaries demonstrated a mean of 5.6 stimulated follicles/ovary; denervated ovaries had a mean of 5.4. An average of 3.5 follicles/control ovary ruptured; an average of 3.1 follicles/denervated ovary ruptured. Furthermore, the time course of ovulation after HCG did not differ between denervated and intact ovaries. These results indicate that HCG induced ovulation in the rabbit is not interrupted by ovarian denervation. PMID- 1116633 TI - More on malpractice. PMID- 1116632 TI - Intramuscular administration of 15(S) 15 methyl prostaglandin E2 methyl ester for induction of abortion: a comparison of two dose schedules. PMID- 1116634 TI - To substitute or not to substitute. PMID- 1116635 TI - Platelet coagulant activities and their potential significance in hemostasis and thrombosis. PMID- 1116636 TI - Analysis of acquired disorders of reading. PMID- 1116637 TI - Editorial: Obesity and HCG. PMID- 1116638 TI - Editorial: The struggle against quackery--whose responsibility? PMID- 1116639 TI - Editorial: Acupuncture. PMID- 1116640 TI - Editorial: The present status of nursing education in Delaware. PMID- 1116641 TI - Current objectives and activities of the Breast Cancer Network. PMID- 1116642 TI - [Experience in measuring the electrical resistance of the cervix mucus in cattle for detection of estrus]. PMID- 1116643 TI - Minutes: mutants of drosophila autonomously affecting cell division rate. PMID- 1116644 TI - Isolation and characterization of ribosomes from thoraces of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, and their capacity for protein synthesis at different stages of development. PMID- 1116645 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of cell movements in the corneal endothelium of the avian embryo. PMID- 1116646 TI - Formation of the endothelium of the avian cornea: a study of cell movement in vivo. PMID- 1116647 TI - Biochemical research on oogenesis. Comparison between the proteins of the ribosomes and the proteins of the 42 S particles from small oocytes of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 1116648 TI - Effects of theophylline on glucose kinetics in normal and sympathectomized rats. AB - The influence of intraperitoneal administration of aminophylline on the rate of hepatic glucose production and peripheral uptake (Ra and Rd) was studied in normal and in adrenodemedullated and reserpinized rats by using the primed constant infusion of Glucose-2-3H. In normal rats, the dose of 100 mg. per kilogram of aminophylline produced a marked increase of Ra and Rd. Since Ra rose more rapidly than Rd did initially, hyperglycemia developed. Thereafter, glucose production and uptake increased to nearly the same extent, and a new steady state was reached at plasma glucose levels almost twice those of the baseline. Smaller and transient modifications were observed after the administration of 20 mg. per kilogram of aminophylline. With the higher dose, insulin levels markedly rose (reaching a tenfold peak above the basal value) while minor increments were observed with the lower dose. In a group of normal rats which were given glucose (10 mg. per kilogram per minute) in order to achieve a degree of hyperglycemia comparable to that brought about by the higher dose of aminophylline, an almost identical enhancement of glucose uptake was recorded. However, insulin levels were much higher in aminophylline-treated rats as compared to normal rats. From these finding it was concluded that aminophylline induces resistance to insulin effect. When aminophylline was injected into demedullated rats pretreated with reserpine, at the dose of 100 mg. per kilogram, a marked enhancement of Ra, and consequently of glycemia, was recorded initially; later, severe hypoglycemia developed depending on both a progressive exhaustion of hepatic glucose production and a marked increase of glucose utilization. Insulin levels dramatically increased in these experiments. These results suggest that aminophylline directly increases glucose production by the liver and insulin secretion. The simultaneous activation of the sympathetic system blunts the insulin response and counteracts the restraining effect of insulin on the liver and the stimulatory effect of insulin on overall glucose uptake as well. PMID- 1116649 TI - Production of chylomicron-like lipoproteins from endogenous lipid by the intestine and liver of diabetic dogs. AB - Pancreatectomized dogs developed hypertriglyceridemia. This probably resulted from a lack of insulin rather than a lack of glucagon, as it did not develop either in pancreatectomized dogs maintained on insulin, or in dogs with all but the uncinate process of the pancreas removed. The increase in plasma triglycerides was preceded by a decrease in post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) and an increase in FFA. As the hypertriglyceridemia developed in fasted dogs who had previously been on fat-free diets, the triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) were nondietary. These endogenous TGFA originated from adipose tissue rather than from de novo synthesis. The composition of the lipoprotein TGFA was identical to that of adipose tissue. Furthermore, nicotinic acid blocked the FFA increase and the development of the hypertriglyceridemia. However, it did not prevent the fall of PHLA. Although their TGFA were entirely nondietary, the lipoproteins in these diabetic dogs resembled chylomicrons in their electrophoretic mobility, size, density, and composition. Surgical, histological and tracer studies suggested that in addition to the liver, the intestinal mucosa makes these lipoproteins. The tracer studies also suggested that circulating FFA might enter the intestinal mucosal cells directly and be esterified. PMID- 1116650 TI - Responses to arginine of the perfused pancreas of the genetically diabetic Chinese hamster. AB - Nonketotic, genetically diabetic Cinese hamsters show subnormal pancreatic insulin release and impaired suppression of glucagon in response to glucose. To study the pancreatic effects of other agents, dynamic insulin and glucagon release was measured from the in vitro perfused pancreases of normal and diabetic Chinese hamsters in response to various combinations of arginine (20mM), glucose (100 or 150 mg. per 100 ml.), and theophylline (10 mM). Theophylline alone caused identical insulin and glucagon release in diabetics and normals. Glucose, alone and in the presence of theophylline, caused subnormal insulin release and less suppression of glucagon release in the diabectics than in the normals. Arginine, in the presence of glucose and theophylline, caused excessive glucagon release but nearly normal insulin release in the diabetics. Arginine, in the absence of glucose or theophylline, caused excessive glucagon release in the diabetics and undetectable insulin release in either diabetics or normals. Pancreatic content after perfusion did not correlate with release during perfusion. Infusion of arginine alone markedly decreased the amount of extractable pancreatic insulin and glucagon. These results indicate that the pancreatic alpha cell of the diabetic Chinese hamster responds excessively to arginine, as is seen in the human diabetic. This defect is not related to acute insulin release or the presence of glucose. Further, these results confirm that the diabetic Chinese hamster's alpha and beta cells respond normally to theophylline, but are relatively insensitive to glucose. PMID- 1116651 TI - Capillaries of South African diabetics. IV. Relation to retinopathy. AB - The muscle capillaries of diabetic subjects, with and without retinopathy, have been measured. The groups with retinopathy had significantly thicker laminae than those without the fundal changes. No significant difference was found between the group with proliferative retinopathy and the group with nonproliferative retinopathy. The focal and segmental nature of the basal lamina thickening was confirmed by the increasing standard deviation of the measurements within and among capillaries. This study also confirms the fact that, at least for muscle capillaries, an apparent relationship exists between the thickness of the basal lamina of these vessels and the presence of clinical retinopathy. PMID- 1116652 TI - Effect of glucose priming on insulin response in the premature infant. AB - Our paper deals with premature infants in the first twenty-four hours of life and reports the effect of a preinfusion of glucose on glucose administration. Glucose infusion (2.5 gm.) resulted in a slight elevation of serum insulin. When this administration of glucose was preceded by a two-hour infusion of glucose, there was a striking increase in serum insulin. PMID- 1116653 TI - Clinical and epidemiological significance of the HBSAg (Australia antigen): carrier state. AB - One hundred fifteen asymptomatic Australia antigen (HBSAg) carriers, discovered by routine testing of volunteer blood donors in Toronto, were investigated and followed for up to 30 months. The carrier state seems to be largely host dependent, and its prevalence is modified by ethnic origin, sex, and age. A high prevalence of carriers was found in persons coming from Mediterranean countries and the Orient. The carrier state was 3 times more common in males than in females, and the majority of the carriers were under 30 years of age. Family clustering of HBSAg-positive individuals was observed. All carriers were asymptomatic and only one gave a history of jaundice in the past. Seven gave a history of intravenous drug use. Four had moderate hepatomegaly. Fifty-four had some abnormality in their liver function tests. The SGPT was the most frequently abnormal test and correlated best with the histological findings. Twenty of 29 liver biopsies showed features of chronic benign persisting hepatitis. All patients remained well during the follow-up period. In no patient was there evidence of deterioration or progression in either their clinical state, liver function, or pathological findings. Only 1 of the 115 carriers became HBSAg negative over the period of observation. PMID- 1116654 TI - Side-to-side portacaval shunt in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. AB - This is a case of a 22-year-old female patient with idiopathic thrombosis of the hepatic veins in whom side-to-side portacaval shunt was followed by the disappearance of a hitherto intractable ascites and a marked improvement in her general condition. The patient remained well for 1 1/2 years after surgery; however, liver cirrhosis, which was present before shunt, persisted. From this case and from the few published cases, the authors concluded that side-to-side portacaval shunt might be beneficial to patients with thrombosis of the hepatic veins. PMID- 1116655 TI - The glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome in a 23-year-old woman. PMID- 1116656 TI - Vasodilatory drugs in the management of nonocclusive bowel ischemia. AB - A patient with a clinical and angiographic diagnosis of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia had phenoxybenzamine directly infused into the superior mesenteric artery to counteract the existing splanchnic vasoconstriction. The diagnosis was confirmed by later operative intervention and the patient recovered. Vasodilatory drugs may play a significant role in the management of patients with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. PMID- 1116657 TI - Salmonella heidelberg infection in Caroli's syndrome. AB - A PATIENT IS DESCRIBED IN WHOM DIARRHEA AND FEVER DUE TO Salmonella heidelberg was followed by a series of episodes of cholangitis due to the same organism. Cholecystectomy and prolonged courses of antibiotics failed to eradicate the infection, and the presence of multiple intrahepatic biliary cysts (Caroli's syndrome) was eventually discovered by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. PMID- 1116658 TI - An electron-microscopic study of jejunal mucosal morphology in control subjects and in patients with tropical sprue in southern India. AB - The ultrastructure of the jejunal mucosa obtained by peroral biopsy from 7 control subjects and 12 patients with tropical sprue was studied. Compared with biopsies from control subjects in temperature zones, southern Indian control subjects showed minimal increase in lysosomes in surface epithelial cells, an occasional dark-staining degenerating epithelial cell in the upper two-thirds of villi, and an increase in cellular infiltration of surface epithelium and lamina propria. The jejunal epithelial cells of tropical sprue patients had abnormal microvilli, marked increase in lysosomes, increase in intracellular fat, and degenerative changes in rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Two types of degenerating epithelial cells, designated pale and dark based on their staining quality, were seen in the villi. Pale staining degenerating cells were also seen in the crypts. The basement membrane region showed an amorphous deposit with many collagen fibers and fat droplets. The epithelial layer and lamina propria showed increased cellular infiltration. In one biopsy from a patient with sprue, particles of possible viral origin were seen. PMID- 1116659 TI - Problems in the differentiation of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon: the need for repeated diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 1116660 TI - Letter: Is suction biopsy of the distal esophagus useful in the diagnosis of esophagitis? PMID- 1116661 TI - Letter: Mechanisms of intestinal lesion in shock. PMID- 1116662 TI - Letter: ECL cell proliferation and gastrin levels. PMID- 1116663 TI - Letter: Name of the new vagotomy. PMID- 1116664 TI - Sequelae of colectomy and ileostomy: comparison between Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis. AB - A comparison is made of the immediate and long term mortality of colectomy and ileostomy between 73 patients who had Crohn's colitis and 442 who had ulcerative colitis. The immediate mortality in Crohn's disease is 4%. In ulcerative colitis it is 10%, chiefly because of the higher proportion of emergency operations. The late mortality in both groups is 10%, chiefly as a result of recurrence of Crohn's disease or the sequellae of colonic malignancy present at the time of colectomy for ulcerative colitis. A further comparison is made between the postoperative course of the 64 surviving patients with Crohn's disease and a comparable sample of 65 patients who had an ileostomy for ulcerative colitis in the same era. There was a similar incidence of postoperative septic complications in the two groups (35%). The readmission rate was twice as high in the Crohn's disease patients. Ileostomy reconstruction for mechanical complication was needed in 21 patients with Crohn's disease compared with 6 with ulcerative colitis. Further ileal resection was required for recurrent disease on another 25 occasions in the patients with Crohn's disease but never in those with ulcerative colitis. Long therm review graded the clinical status as excellent or good in 70% of those with Crohn's disease compared with 95% with ulcerative colitis. PMID- 1116665 TI - The normal human esophageal mucosa: a histological reappraisal. AB - In 19 asymptomatic subjects, a total of 95 mucosal suction biopsies were taken from multiple sites in the distal 10 cm of esophagus. The biopsies were examined for evidence of basal cell hyperplasia and elongated dermal papillae, features considered to be histological consequences of gastroesophageal reflux. Fifty seven per cent of the biopsies in the distal 2.5 cm of the esophagus and 19% of the biopsies above 2.5 cm exhibited these histological features. PMID- 1116666 TI - Effect of sodium, mannitol, and magnesium on glucose, galactose, 3-O methylglucose, and fructose absorption in the human ileum. AB - Although it is generally agreed that active sugar absorption in vitro is absolutely dependent on the presence of sodium ions on the luminal side of the mucosa, previous in vivo studies in the ileum of rat, dog and man have shown that active glucose absorption is almost as rapid from a sodium-free mannitol solution as from a sodium chloride solution. These experiments were performed in hopes of reconciling this discreptancy. Absorption of three actively transported sugars (glucose, galactose, and 3-O-methylglucose) having different apparent Km's, and of fructose (absorbed by a separate carrier-mediated process) were measured in the human ileum in vivo. The following observations were made: (1) Mannitol substitution for sodium results in only a slight reduction (23%) in the active absorption of glucose. (2) Magnesium substitution for sodium results in a greater depression (45%) of glucose absorption. (3) The apparent Km for glucose absorption is increased when sodium is replaced by magnesium, but the Vmax is not altered. (4) Magnesium does not depress glucose absorption or the apparent Km for glucose transport when sodium is present in the perfusing solution. (5) Neither sodium removal nor magnesium has any effect on fructose absorption. (6) Absorption of galactose and 3-O-methylglucose (low affinity sugars for the glucose carrier) is reduced by about 40 to 50% when mannitol replaces sodium, but magnesium substitution for mannitol in a sodium-free medium does not further depress absorption of these sugars. The following conclusions are suggested by these results: First, part of the discrepancy between previous in vitro and in vivo experiments was due to the type of test sugar (glucose versus glucose analogue) and the solute used to replace sodium in the luminal solution. Second, magnesium is more effective than mannitol in reducing sodium concentration at the glucose transport site on the brush border. Third, luminal sodium ions have an important effect on active sugar absorption in the human small intestine in vivo, as they do in vitro. And, fourth, there is a component of active sugar absorption (about one-half) which appears to be independent of luminal sodium ions in vivo. PMID- 1116667 TI - Increased sensitivity of the cholylglycine breath test for detecting ileal dysfunction. AB - Deconjugation of bile salts was assessed by measuring the rate of appearance of 14-CO2 in the breath after the administration of cholyl [1-14-C]glycine to patients with ileal dysfunction (ileitis or ileal resection), cholesterol cholelithiasis with or without cholecystectomy, and control subjects (healthy or with diarrhea). Vitamin B12 absorption was also measured in many of the patients with ileal dysfunction by determining the recovery of 57-Co in the urine (Schilling test). The percentage of administered 14-C excreted in breath 14-CO2 was increased in the patients with ileal dysfunction, but there was considerable overlap between the patients with ileal dysfunction and the control subjects. Breath 14-CO2 was excreted more rapidly in all the patients with ileal dysfunction than in the control subjects. Of the calculated 24-hr breath excretion 78.3 plus or minus 8.9% SD of administered 14-C was excreted in 12 hr in the patients with ileal dysfunction, compared to 39.1 plus or minus 13.1% in the control subjects; only 1 of the 19 patients with ileal dysfunction overlapped with the control subjects. The Schilling test was normal orequivocal in 5 of 14 patients with ileal dysfunction. The percentage of administered 14-C excreted in breath 14-CO2 was increased in patients with cholecystectomy, but excretion was not more rapid than in the control subjects. The data suggest that the sensitivity of the breath test for diagnosing ileal dysfunction may be usefully increased by determining the rate of excretion of breath 14CO2. PMID- 1116668 TI - Atrophy of villi with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Paneth cells in isolated (thiry-Vella) ileal loops in rabbits. Light-microscopic studies. AB - Thiry-Vella loops in rabbit ileum were prepared by a new technique and were studied 18 hr to 49 days postisolation. The loops became grossly shortened after 14 days. Histologically, some shortening and blunting of villi was detectable as early as 4 days postisolation, and with prolonged isolation the changes became marked. Reduction in epithelial cell height and in brush border thickness were noted, and goblet cells were increased somewhat in size and prominence. Yet there was only slightly increased chronic inflammation in the mucosa and acute inflammation was uncommon, suggesting that mucosal injury was minimal. Furthermore, mean epithelial mitotic indices for the crypts did not rise and were generally reduced. Striking hyperplasia and hypertrophy of Paneth cells associated with mitotic figures in Paneth cells accompanied the atrophic changes in the villi. Reimplantation of loops into the bowel 3 weeks after isolation led to complete reversal of all changes, including hyperplasia of Paneth cells. On the other hand, regular perfusion of loops with a solution containing a large variety of nutrient substances failed to reverse the mucosal changes. It was concluded that atrophy of villi in isolated ileum of the rabbit occurred mainly because one or more substances contained in the chyme are needed to maintain normal mucosal architecture. These substances probably help regulate epithelial cell turnover and may well be endogenous in origin. Loss of substances in the chyme after loop isolation may also have led to Paneth cell hyperplasia. Alternatively, the Paneth cell changes and atrophy of villi might have been related in a cause and effect way. PMID- 1116669 TI - Adenylate cyclase in intestinal crypt and villus cells: stimulation by cholera enterotoxin and prostaglandin E1. AB - The secretory responses to cholera enterotoxin and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) are dependent upon elevation of the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. Although several previous reports have suggested that intestinal secretion due to cholera enterotoxin and PGE1 may be confined to the crypt cells, this matter has been incompletely resolved. These studies were undertaken to define the activity of adenylate cyclase in villus and crypt cells from rabbit and rat intestine, and to determine the influence of enterotoxin and PGE1 on this activity, Mucosal fractions were prepared from rabbit ileum with a planing device, and from rat distal small intestine by a vibration technique. In both species base line adenylate cyclase activity was greater in crypt than in villus cells. After exposure to cholera enterotoxin in vivo, adenylate cyclase activity was enhanced in all fractions prepared from rabbit ileum, and the response was most marked in villus cells. Furthermore, adenylate cyclase in membranes prepared from both rat villus and crypt intestinal cells was responsive to the in vitro addition of PGE1. The results of these studies indicate that both villus and crypt cells contain one of the important components required for the cyclic AMP-mediated secretory response, namely, a cholera enterotoxin and PGE1-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. Since an increased level of cyclic AMP alone may not be sufficient to evoke a secretory response, these studies do not clarify the extent to which each of these major cell types may participate in cyclic AMP-mediated secretion. PMID- 1116670 TI - Amino terminal gastrin fragment in serum of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients. AB - In addition to the previously described molecular forms of gastrin, a new component has been found in high concentrations in the serum of 6 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Serum was fractionated by gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography, and the new component was identified in eluates by radioimmunoassay using an antibody with specificity for the N-terminal portion of heptadecapeptide gastrin. The precise chemical nature of the new component is not known, but its chromatographic behavior and its reactivity to various antibodies is indistinguishable from that of the natural or synthetic N-terminal 1 to 13 fragment of G-17. The new component is present in gastrinoma tumor tissue. Its concentration in serum of gastrinoma patients increases markedly when secretin is injected. PMID- 1116671 TI - Phlegmonous gastritis. AB - We have reviewed 23 documented cases of phlegmonous gastritis reported since 1945 in the American literature, and have added 2 of our own. A small series of cases makes it somewhat difficult to draw any definite conclusions regarding the modes of presentation; nonetheless, some clinical trends are discernible. In a patient with a history of large ethanol intake, a recent bout of "gastritis," or recent upper respiratory infection, who presents with acute upper abdominal pain, peritonitis, purulent ascitic fluid, and fever, the diagnosis of phlegmonous gastritis must be considered in differential diagnosis. With normal serum amylase, no historical evidence of ulcer or gallbladder disease, the diagnosis becomes even more probable. Preoperative diagnosis is rare, but gastroscopy with or without biopsy, and culture of gastric contents may establish the diagnosis. The definitive treatment would appear to be resection or drainage of the stomach, combined with large doses of systemic antibiotics, usually penicillin. The surgical mortality in cases reviewed was 18.2%, while the medical mortality was 100%. The overall mortality was 67%. It is hoped that more frequent recognition of this disease entity will lead to earlier diagnosis and a resulting lower morbidity and mortality. PMID- 1116672 TI - Malabsorption of essential amino acids in tropical sprue. AB - The absorption of seven amino acids from an equimolar mixture containing each of the eight essential amino acids in a concentration of 20 mM was evaluated using a marker perfusion technique in 9 patients with untreated tropical sprue and in 6 healthy Puerto Rican control subjects. The rate of absorption of from two to six of the amino acids tested was lower in 7 of the patients than in the control subjects. The absorption of isoleucine, leucine, valine, and threonine was significantly lower in the group of sprue patients than in the control subjects. Treatment of 4 patients with oral tetracycline for 2 weeks was associated with return of amino acid absorption to normal in the 3 persons who had improved intestinal function, as tested by other parameters. More prolonged treatment was required for normalization of amino acid absorption in the 4th patient. These observations indicate that the absorption of certain essential amino acids is reduced in some patients with untreated tropical sprue. PMID- 1116673 TI - Coagulation studies in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. AB - Thromboembolic disease is a known complication of ulcerative colitis, but is rarely reported in Crohn's disease. In this study, we have tried to determine if there are indeed coagulation abnormalities associated with these two diseases. Four groups of patients were studies: (1) patients with ulcerative colitis; (2) patients with Crohn's disease; (3) patients with other diseases; (4) healthy control subjects. In both disease groups, platelet counts, factor V, factor VIII, and fibrinogen levels were found to be elevated, while antithrombin III levels were decreased. PMID- 1116674 TI - Jejunal perfusion of simple and conjugated folates in man. AB - The technique of human jejunal perfusion was used to study the process of digestion and absorption of conjugated folates in five healthy volunteers. The test solution of isotonic saline contained equimolar concentrations of purified [3H]pteroylmonoglutamate ([3H]PG-1) and of [14C]pteroylheptaglutamate ([14C]PG-7) which was labeled on the first glutamyl unit. Calculations were made of the luminal disappearance of each labeled folate, and degradation products of [14C]PG 7 were identified in luminal contents obtained 15 and 30 cm from the infusion site. The percentage of disappearance of [3H]PG-1 was 74.7% and of [14C]PG-7 was 52.6% (P less than 0.001)9 Column chromatography of intestinal aspirates demonstrated a spectrum of 14C-labeled folates corresponding to chain lengths from [14C]PG-1 to [14C]PG-7, with distal accumulation of derived [14C]PG-1. Intraluminal hydrolysis of [14C]PG-7 was excluded by finding the compound unchanged after in vitro incubation with intestinal juice obtained by saline perfusion or siphonage. These data indicate that there are separate rates for the luminal disappearance of PG-1 and PG-7, and show that the digestion of PG-7 requires its contact with the intestinal mucosa. The evidence suggests that progressive mucosal hydrolysis is integral to the process of PG-7 absorption in man. PMID- 1116675 TI - Changes in liver and gastric mucosal hexosamine synthesis after restraint. AB - The specific activity of L-glutamine: D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase was measured in the oxyntic gland mucosa and liver of fasted, male rats after immobilization in a cold environment. Immobilization for 3 hr resulted in 100% frequency of lesion formation associated with decreased enzyme activity in oxyntic gland mucosa (70.1 plus or minus 5.9% of control) and liver 25.2 plus or minus 5.2% of control). Enzyme activity had returned to control level in the stomach 9 hr after immobilization, and in the liver 21 hr after immobilization. Immobilization for 1 1/2 hr decreased oxyntic gland mucosa enzyme activity to 21.0 plus or minus 9.8% of control, although the frequency of lesion formation was only 62.5%. Liver enzyme activity was 51.3 plus or minus 12.8% of control. Concentrations of UDP-N-acetylhexosamines, feedback inhibitors of this enzyme, were not altered in either tissue. Adrenalectomy, which increased the frequency of damage after 1 hr of immobilization, enhanced the decreases in enzyme activity in both tissues, while atropine sulfate, which decreased the frequency of damage after 3 hr of immobilization, had no significant effect on the enzyme. Thus, immobilization of rats in a cold environment decreases or alters the synthesis of hexosamine-containing compounds through a mechanism not dependent on acid secretion or adrenocorticoids. This alteration in synthesis may result not only in abnormal mucus secretion, but also in altered cell membrane structure and function. PMID- 1116676 TI - Response of the isolated perfused stomach of the dog to electrical vagal stimulation. AB - The left vagal trunk of blood-perfused, isolated, canine stomach was continously stimulated electrically for periods of 30 min at 7 v and 5-msec duration; the frequency of stimulation was varied without interruption from 0.5 to 10 Hz. Plasma immunoreactive gastrin (IRG), total gastric blood flow (GBF), and gastric acid output (GAO) were monitored continuously. When the vagus was stimulated, gastrin concentrations and GBF increased rapidly, while GAO rose at a slower rate. Two Hertz appeared to be the optimal stimulus frequency for increasing plasma IGR levels, while 10 Hz was most effective for increasing GBF. Increasing the frequency from 0 to 0.5 Hz produced the maximum observed change in GAO; additional increments to 2 or 10 Hz produced no consistent additional increase in GAO. The results indicate that plasma IRG concentration and GBF increase in response to various frequencies of vagal stimulation. Vagal stimulation increases the output of immunoreactive gastrin, as well as acid, from the isolated canine stomach. PMID- 1116677 TI - Vagal control of gastric electrical control activity and motility. AB - The nerves of Latarjet and those going directly to the fundus and the body of the stomach were stimulated to determine their effect on gastric electrical control activity (ECA) and contractions. The lower limits of effective stimulation parameters were: pulse frequency 2 pulses per sec, pulse width 2 msec, pulse amplitude 0.3 ma or 5 v. Stimulation at or near the lower limits of stimulation parameters caused contractions with little effect on gastric ECA. At higher pulse repetition rates and amplitudes, vagal stimulation caused premature control potentials (PCP's), delayed control potentials (dcp's), and contractions throughout the electrically active region. The PCP's and DCP's in the antrum became phase-unlocked from those in the corpus. After 2 to 5 min of such vagal stimulation, PCP's and DCP's disappeared; gastric control waves became phase locked at normal frequency and aboarad phase lag. Contractions continued to occur. Atropine and hexamethonium blocked all effects of vagal stimulation. After gastric ECA became insensitive to vagal stimulation, PCP's could still be produced by intraarterial acetylcholine or dimethylphenylpiperazinium, or by an electrical stimulus applied to gastric muscle, and physostigmine could temporarily restore ECA sensitivity to vagal stimulation. The ECA-insensitive state to vagal stimulation represents depletion of acetycholine at preganglionic sites. PMID- 1116678 TI - Effects of low dose chenodeoxycholic acid feeding on biliary lipid metabolism. AB - To better define the mechanisms by which chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) alters the lipid composition of bile and promotes dissolution of cholesterol gallstones, we have studied the effects of relatively low doses of CDCA on the metabolism of biliary lipids in 10 subjects without gallstones. In 5 subjects, the effects of CDCA feeding were compared to those of cholic acid, a bile acid that apparently does not dissolve cholesterol stones. The following measurements were carried out during control and treatment periods: (1) composition of biliary lipids, (2) hepatic secretion rates of biliary lipids, (3) pool sizes of bile acids, and (4) specific composition of bile acids. Low doses of CDCA consistently reduced the lithogenicity of gallbladder bile by decreasing the proportion of cholesterol relative to the solubilizing lipids--bile acids and lecithin. This decrease in lithogenicity was associated with a selective reduction in hepatic secretion rates of cholesterol. At the doses of CDCA given, secretion rates of bile acids and lecithin and pool sizes of bile acids were not significantly changed; also conversion of cholesterol into bile acids was not completely inhibited. Cholic acid feeding appeared to increase the total size of the bile acid pool, but it did not affect the lithogenicity of bile or secretion rates of cholesterol. The data show that at low doses CDCA lowers lithogenicity of bile by reducing hepatic secretion of cholesterol, while cholic acid does not have a similar effect. PMID- 1116679 TI - Bile acid metabolism in cirrhosis. IV. Characterization of the abnormality in deoxycholic acid metabolism. AB - Several recent studies have demonstrated that patients with cirrhosis frequently lack deoxycholic acid in bile and plasma. In order to explain this observation, comparative experiments on the colonic absorption of deoxycholic acid and on the colonic conversion of cholic to deoxycholic acid were carried out in the cirrhotic patients with normal and very low percentages of deoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic or cholic acid (100 mg) plus 5 muc of each [14C] bile acid were administered by enema to 8 patients with and 5 without liver disease. Deoxycholic acid produced a significant increase in the percentage of biliary deoxycholic acid in patients with cirrhosis. However, the rate of appearance of 14C deoxycholic acid in patients with cirrhosis was slower than in normal control subjects. Distribution of the 14C activity among the bile acids indicated that rehydroxylation of deoxycholic to cholic acid did not occur. The distribution of 14C activity in biliary bile acids after the rectal administration of [14C]cholic acid showed that patients with severe cirrhosis converted [14C]cholic to [14C]deoxycholic acid at a much slower rate than did cirrhotic patients with normal percentages of biliary deoxycholic acid. Feeding of cholic acid (450 mg per day) for 3 days to 4 cirrhotic patients resulted in a 2-fold increase in the percentage of biliary cholic acid, but only a small increase in the percentage of deoxycholic acid. In a separate group of 9 cirrhotic patients, fecal bile acid analysis indicated that cirrhotic patients had a significantly lower percentage of deoxycholic acid than 12 patients without liver disease; there was no significant difference in fecal lithocholic acid. The data suggest that alteration of bacterial flora and/or altered conditions for bacterial 7alpha dehydroxylase enzyme activity in the colon could account for the virtual absence of biliary deoxycholic acid in severely cirrhotic patients. PMID- 1116680 TI - Effects of caloric and noncaloric materials in fasting hyperbilirubinemia. AB - Fasting hyperbilirubinemia (FHB) has previously been shown to be rapidly reversed by the ingestion of a mixed diet. This study examines the effect of carbohydrate, fat, amino acids, and noncaloric materials on FHB. After an initial fast of 15 to 39 hr, caloric and noncaloric materials were administered by mouth or vein to 13 subjects, and the total serum bilirubin (TSB) was determined frequently for 4.5 hr. Only oral glucose reversed FHB; the TSB did not change significantly from control studies after oral saline, mannitol, amino acids, and fat. In contrast, intravenous infusion of glucose resulted in a significant increase in TSB which could not be explained by osmotic or intravascular volume changes, and was nonspecific, since similar effects resulted from infusions of mannitol and amino acids. The results of this study demonstrate that oral glucose reverses FHB, and that under the conditions of these experiments other nutrients and noncaloric materials are ineffective. In contrast, intravenous glucose, mannitol, and amino acids increase the TSB by unknown mechanisms. PMID- 1116681 TI - Intranuclear virus-like particles in hepatocytes of an asymptomatic hepatitis B antigen carrier with dane particles in the serum. PMID- 1116682 TI - Presence of serum alpha-1-fetoprotein in alcoholic hepatitis. AB - Alpha-Fetoprotein was detected in a patient with alcoholic hepatitis during the acute phase of the illness. The alpha-fetoprotein was no longer detected as clinical improvement developed. No evidence of malignant disease was found after an extensive evaluation. This case represents another example of a non-neoplastic disease associated with the presence of increased serum levels of alpha fetoprotein. PMID- 1116683 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: presenting as an unusual gastric lesion. AB - A case of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, occuring in a 61-year-old male, presented as an ulcerating antral mass lesion and hepatosplenomegaly. The antral mass was demonstrated to be composed of a proliferation of blood vessels and is an unusual presentation for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1116684 TI - Progress in hepatology. Metabolic activation of drugs to toxic substances. PMID- 1116685 TI - Letter: What is Caroli's disease? PMID- 1116686 TI - Letter: Metiamide and aminopyrine clearance. PMID- 1116687 TI - Chronic progressive liver disease: Making order out of nosologic chaos. PMID- 1116688 TI - The emergency cold leg. AB - The clinical state of the emergency cold leg is appropriately named. The problem may be classified as a vasospastic or venoocclusive nonocclusive lesion or as an embolic or a thrombotic occlusive lesion. Diagnosis is based on the history and results of physical examination. The status of the pulses determines the need for arteriography. Rapid recognition of the problem, with an aggressive reconstructive approach, is the cornerstone of successful management. Complications resulting from failure to carry out proper treatment or arising even when proper treatment is given may be serious and lead to loss of limb or life. The seriousness of emergency cold leg cannot be overemphasized. PMID- 1116689 TI - Ultrasonic investigation of the geriatric aorta. PMID- 1116690 TI - Exploring the many-faceted mysteries of aging. PMID- 1116691 TI - The retiree's vacation dilemma--what to do with more time but less money. PMID- 1116692 TI - Neuroendocrine changes that come with age do not spell the end to sexual fulfillment. PMID- 1116693 TI - Managing age-related vascular skin lesions. PMID- 1116694 TI - Practical therapy for hyperkeratotic skin lesions. PMID- 1116695 TI - Insight into the aging eye. Part 1. Macular disorders can destroy the eye's area of sharpest vision. PMID- 1116696 TI - The pleasures of reading need not diminish with age. PMID- 1116697 TI - People and programs zero in on the problems of aging. PMID- 1116698 TI - How to choose the right milieu for your later years. PMID- 1116699 TI - Impotence: the facts versus the fallacies. PMID- 1116700 TI - Insight into the aging eye. Part 1. Cataracts: functional disability is important in determining the clinical significance. PMID- 1116701 TI - Glaucoma in the elderly. PMID- 1116702 TI - External eye problems in the elderly. PMID- 1116703 TI - Insight into the aging eye. Part 1. Evaluating the ophthalmic symptoms and signs of neurologic disorders. PMID- 1116704 TI - Lung pseudotumor caused by pulmonary infarction. PMID- 1116705 TI - Aging and the nervous system. PMID- 1116706 TI - Urologic counseling can overcome male sexual impotence. PMID- 1116707 TI - Tracking down the cause of dizziness. PMID- 1116708 TI - Innovative transportation systems involve more than mere "tokenism". PMID- 1116709 TI - Variations on the housing theme. PMID- 1116710 TI - Balancing the pluses and the minuses of the menopause. PMID- 1116711 TI - Ways to improve vision in partially sighted persons. PMID- 1116712 TI - Retinal detachment: an insidious cause of blindness. PMID- 1116713 TI - [Relationship between science and practice]. PMID- 1116714 TI - [Catalytic purification of gaseous products from the thermal decomposition of coal-tar pitch]. PMID- 1116715 TI - [Present conditions and prospects for broadening the use of medicinal aerosols for prevention and treatment of occupational diseases]. PMID- 1116716 TI - [D-penicillamine treatment of the early stages of lead poisoning at a health center]. PMID- 1116717 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic correlations regarding respiratory pathology among tobacco farmers and tobacco industry workers]. PMID- 1116718 TI - [Comparison of the TLV's for chemical substances in the air of workers' zones in the USSR and USA]. PMID- 1116719 TI - [The effect of benzene on reparative regeneration of erythropoiesis and elaboration of erythropoietin]. PMID- 1116720 TI - [The Baikal-Amur Railway and health problems]. PMID- 1116721 TI - [The toxicology of complex phthalic acid esters (review of the literature)]. PMID- 1116722 TI - [Hygienic characteristic of an experimental lead smelting furnace]. PMID- 1116723 TI - [Long-term measurement of pulmonary ventilation parameters using impedance pneumography in industrial medical practice]. PMID- 1116724 TI - [Traumatic occupational bursitis in truck drivers]. PMID- 1116725 TI - [Assessment of the effect of group V transitional metal hydrides on the body taking into account their electron and crystalline structure]. PMID- 1116726 TI - [An olfactory chronoreflexometer]. PMID- 1116727 TI - [A method of in vivo measurement lung tissue compliance of large laboratory animals]. PMID- 1116728 TI - [Current health problems of working adolescents]. PMID- 1116729 TI - [Hygienic assessment of the spacing of chemical plant buildings]. PMID- 1116730 TI - [Study of antibodies in female milk in women with feto-maternal ABO blood incompatibility]. PMID- 1116731 TI - [Morphometric evaluation of epithelial cells in spayed male white rats' caput epididymis]. PMID- 1116732 TI - [Active conduction of labor by means of sparteine sulfate administration]. PMID- 1116733 TI - [A 7-year neurologic follow-up of children born at the I and II Obstetrical Clinic of the Medical Academy at Gdansk in the course of 1 year]. PMID- 1116734 TI - [Value of fine needle-biopsy in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms]. PMID- 1116735 TI - [Extraperitoneal cesarean section performed because of special clinical indications]. PMID- 1116736 TI - [Case of primary ovarian intrafollicular ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 1116737 TI - [Spontaneous splenic rupture following hysterectomy]. PMID- 1116738 TI - [Massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage from a torsioned and ruptured ovarian dysgerminoma in a 9-year-old girl]. PMID- 1116739 TI - [Clinical evaluation of garamycin]. PMID- 1116740 TI - [Personal observations on the efficacity and tolerance of Spiran W intrauterine device of Polish production]. PMID- 1116741 TI - [Fetal head engagement]. PMID- 1116742 TI - [Course of tuberculin allergy in children vaccinated with BCG for the 1st time and those revaccinated. I. Tuberculin allergy in newborn infants vaccinated with BCG]. PMID- 1116743 TI - [Determination of Mycobacteria strains isolated from pigs by means of Mycobacteriophages and agglutination tests]. PMID- 1116744 TI - [Determination of closing volume by means of the nitrogen method]. PMID- 1116745 TI - [Ischemic changes in electrocardiographic tracings during submaximal work load in patients with chronic respiratory diseases]. PMID- 1116746 TI - [Histamine inhalation test in chronic disease syndromes accompanied by bronchial spasm]. PMID- 1116747 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative assessment of white blood cells isolated from the sputum of patients with chronic non-specific respiratory diseases by the author's method]. PMID- 1116748 TI - [Significance of cytological examinations of the bronchial secretion in the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in children]. PMID- 1116749 TI - [Surgical treatment of pectus excavatum and pectus gallinatum]. PMID- 1116750 TI - [Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome with fatal bleeding into the pleural cavity in the course of staphylococcal pneumonia]. PMID- 1116751 TI - [Obliteration of the left main bronchus in the course of normally treated pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1116752 TI - [Funnel chest]. PMID- 1116753 TI - [Post-traumatic obliteration of the bronchus treated surgically 6 years after the accident]. PMID- 1116754 TI - [Eosinophilic pneumonia in the course of Strongyloides infestation]. PMID- 1116755 TI - [Results of lung resections in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1116756 TI - [Partial denervation of the pulmonary hilus as one of the methods of surgical treatment of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1116757 TI - [Surgical treatment of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1116758 TI - [Shunting of the heart in removing thrombi during mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 1116759 TI - [Suppurative complications of longitudinal sternotomy and their control]. PMID- 1116760 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital heart defects in young children]. PMID- 1116761 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium, electrolyte balance and its relationship with electrocardiographic disorders in the immediate postoperative period in patients operated on under conditions of artificial circulation]. PMID- 1116762 TI - [Rupture of the aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva]. PMID- 1116763 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the heart conduction system]. PMID- 1116764 TI - [Nonspecific aorto-arteritis and superficial vascular membranes]. PMID- 1116765 TI - [Functional state of the pulmonary tissue in patients with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 1116766 TI - [Experience with surgery of the bronchi and mediastinal segment of the trachea]. PMID- 1116767 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of congenital lung defects in children]. PMID- 1116768 TI - [Differential diagnosis of staphylococcal destruction and tuberculosis of the lungs]. PMID- 1116769 TI - [Surgical removal of residual pleuro-pulmonary cavities in patients after cavernotomies and extensive thoractomies]. PMID- 1116770 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 1116771 TI - [Treatment of peace-time thoracic injuries]. PMID- 1116772 TI - [Contrast-media study of bronchial arteries in pulmonary hemorrhages of obscure etiology]. PMID- 1116773 TI - [Transfusion therapy during lung surgery]. PMID- 1116774 TI - The microcirculation in rabbit tendon. In vivo studies after mobilisation and transection. PMID- 1116775 TI - Evaluation of spasticity. PMID- 1116776 TI - Congenital aplasia or hypoplasia of the finger extensors. PMID- 1116777 TI - Anomalous palmaris longus muscle producing carpal tunnel-like compression. PMID- 1116778 TI - Congenital bilateral anomalous band between flexor and extensor pollicis longus tendons. Report of a case. PMID- 1116779 TI - The repair reaction of flexor tendon within the digital sheath. PMID- 1116780 TI - The proximal interphalangeal joint. PMID- 1116781 TI - Less-known aspects of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the human hand. PMID- 1116782 TI - A five-year follow-up of synovectomy of the proximal interphalangeal joint in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1116784 TI - Arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal joint after trauma. PMID- 1116783 TI - Extra-articular causes of proximal interphalangeal joint stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1116785 TI - Traumatic lesions of tendons and ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint. PMID- 1116786 TI - The spectrum of hand injuries. PMID- 1116787 TI - Hand injuries at work (an analysis of patients attending hospital). PMID- 1116789 TI - Modern concepts in hand orthotics. PMID- 1116788 TI - Vascular flaps in secondary surgery after hand trauma. PMID- 1116790 TI - A myoelectric-controlled orthosis. Recent development. PMID- 1116791 TI - A valuable splint for the rheumatoid hand. PMID- 1116792 TI - A casualty "hand" camera. PMID- 1116793 TI - A useful profundus tendon retractor. PMID- 1116794 TI - Relatively atraumatic tendon forceps. PMID- 1116795 TI - A new metacarpophalangeal joint prosthesis. PMID- 1116796 TI - The ridged plaster volar slab. PMID- 1116797 TI - A cortico-medullary peg for interphalangeal joint fusion. PMID- 1116798 TI - The dilemma of the intact superficialis tendon. PMID- 1116799 TI - Lipids in fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida. AB - Dried fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida contain 29.1% total lipids. Their qualitative analysis revealed the presence of mono-, di-, triglycerides, sterols, free fatty acids and sterolesters. Quantitatively most significant were triglycerides (37.9%) and free fatty acids (29.7%). The phospholipid fraction contained phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid. Gas chromatography showed the presence of a broad spectrum of fatty acids. The ratio between the neutral and polar fractions was 6 : 1, both having linoleic acid as the main component. PMID- 1116801 TI - The contribution of different receptors to gravity orientation in insects. PMID- 1116800 TI - Production of extracellular lysine by a strain of Bacillus coagulans. Identification and requirements for growth and lysine accumulation. AB - A naturally deficient thiamine and methionine requiring strain of Bacillus coagulans (Ms 5) accumulates lysine in medium only when exogenous pyridoxine (optimal concentration, 0.1 mu g/ml) are supplied. Threonine exerts an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations but pyridoxine does not. PMID- 1116802 TI - Attainment of positional information in the crayfish statocyst. PMID- 1116803 TI - On the transformation of the gravity input into reactions by statolith organs of the "fan" type. PMID- 1116804 TI - On the processing of postural information. PMID- 1116805 TI - Space constancy in crustacean optic interneurons. PMID- 1116806 TI - Space constancy of the visual world in insects. PMID- 1116807 TI - Gravitational and visual control of eye movement in crayfish. PMID- 1116808 TI - Interaction of light and gravity orientation in daphnia pulex. PMID- 1116809 TI - Dynamic receptors in the statocysts of crabs. PMID- 1116810 TI - The behavioural vertical. PMID- 1116811 TI - On the organization of neuronal circuits involved in the generation of the orientation response (visual graspreflex). PMID- 1116812 TI - The waggle dance of the honey bee; a new formulation. PMID- 1116813 TI - Integration between utricular and horizontal semicircular canal activities. PMID- 1116814 TI - The role of vision in gravitational orientation. PMID- 1116815 TI - The perception of body orientation relative to a rotating linear acceleration vector. PMID- 1116816 TI - The "weight" of the gravity organ's signal in the control of perceptual and reflex type orientation at different body positions. PMID- 1116818 TI - The effective information contents of the dance of the honey bee. PMID- 1116817 TI - Nonlinear model for the perception of static orientation. PMID- 1116819 TI - Physiology and systems analysis of gravity orientation in two insect species (Carausius morosus, Calandra granaria). PMID- 1116820 TI - Statocysts and geotactic behaviour in gastropod molluscs. PMID- 1116821 TI - Gravity receptor function in cephalopods with particular reference to Sepia officinalis. PMID- 1116822 TI - Statocyst control of eyestalk movements in mysid shrimps. PMID- 1116823 TI - Hospital acts on child abuse. PMID- 1116824 TI - Home-for-aged residents conduct a teach-in at P.S. 122. PMID- 1116825 TI - Employment testing: apropos or no. PMID- 1116826 TI - Energy consciousness needed in food service employees. PMID- 1116827 TI - Innovations in food service equipment. PMID- 1116828 TI - New HAS measurement system proposed. PMID- 1116829 TI - Factors in maintenance contracts. PMID- 1116831 TI - Design problems converted to advantages in mental health center. PMID- 1116830 TI - Laundry: labor monitoring reflects operation. PMID- 1116832 TI - The chairman's inaugural address. PMID- 1116833 TI - Financial management: the rush to debt. PMID- 1116835 TI - Hospital association sponsors closed-circuit television programs. PMID- 1116834 TI - Rehabilitation: family involved in patient's care. PMID- 1116836 TI - Editorial: Are there too many hospital beds? PMID- 1116837 TI - Hospital tax-exempt bond sales skyrocket in 1974. PMID- 1116838 TI - Relation of new disposal unit to risk of needle puncture injuries. PMID- 1116839 TI - How to simplify work and improve productivity performance. PMID- 1116840 TI - The key to success in materials management. PMID- 1116841 TI - Technics for strengthening intra and inter-departmental cooperation and coordination. PMID- 1116842 TI - All-in-one unit improves patient care in OB. PMID- 1116843 TI - Operating room utilization. PMID- 1116844 TI - The emergency department as the entry point into the health care system. PMID- 1116845 TI - How to prepare for prospective reimbursement: a workable management information system for managers, department heads and administrators. PMID- 1116846 TI - Building skills in disciplining and grievance handling. PMID- 1116847 TI - Monitoring I.V. solution therapy. PMID- 1116848 TI - On the independence of magnetic and electric body surface recordings. PMID- 1116849 TI - A study of the vector magnetocardiographic waveform. PMID- 1116850 TI - A comparison of two methods for determining the extracellular potential field of an isolated Purkinje strand in a volume conductor. PMID- 1116851 TI - The choroidal eye oximeter: an instrument for measuring oxygen saturation of choroidal blood in vivo. PMID- 1116852 TI - Vertical and horizontal eye movement recording in the unrestrained cat. PMID- 1116853 TI - A new automatic constant current stimulator and its biological applications. PMID- 1116854 TI - A low-capacitance multielectrode probe for use in extracellular neurophysiology. PMID- 1116855 TI - An analysis of the electromyogram by Fourier, simulation and experimental techniques. PMID- 1116856 TI - Automatic detection of the left ventricular outline in angiographs using television signal processing techniques. PMID- 1116857 TI - Effects of unphysiological factors on cardiac output regulation during artificial heart pumping. PMID- 1116858 TI - A shortcoming of the Median Evoked Response. PMID- 1116859 TI - Parameter identification of signals composed of delayed exponentials. PMID- 1116860 TI - An LED-transistor photoplethysmograph. PMID- 1116861 TI - Triboelectric interference in the ECG. PMID- 1116862 TI - Precision digital instrument for calculation of heart rate and R-R interval. PMID- 1116863 TI - A simple electrogoniometric system and its testing. PMID- 1116864 TI - A simple computer-television interface system for gait analysis. PMID- 1116865 TI - Reducing the electric field in coil systems used for environmental research. PMID- 1116866 TI - The control of immune response in vitro by Ca2+. II. The Ca2+-dependent period during mitogenic stimulation. AB - The Ca2+ requirement for stimulation of DNA synthesis in vitro by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated using mouse spleen cells. During mitogenic stimulation two periods could be distinguished: a Ca2+-independent period which was followed by a Ca2+-dependent period. The results suggest that Ca2+ is required for a step preceeding DNA synthesis but not for the early initial phase of transformation. PMID- 1116867 TI - Adoptive transfer of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculin using RNA from tuberculin-sensitive subjects. AB - Adoptive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity skin test response to tuberculin with 'immune' RNA extracted from the sensitized lymphocytes of a healthy subject or a patient with Hodgkin's disease was successfully demonstrated in previously non-sensitive patients with neoplastic diseases including Hodgkin's disease. 'Non immune' RNA obtained from non-sensitive man, on the other hand, failed to transfer PPD skin reactivity in non-sensitive recipients. 'Immune' RNA-mediated PPD skin test response remained positive for a considerable period of time, indicating that the effect of 'immune' RNA is systemically active. 'Immune' RNA was found to be RNase-sensitive but DNase-resistant. In vitro adoptive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity with 'immune' RNA, as assayed by lymphocyte transformation test, was unsuccessful. PMID- 1116868 TI - Studies on the inhibition of C56-initiated lysis (reactive lysis). III. Characterization of the inhibitory activity C567-INH and its mode of action. AB - An activity in serum which inhibits reactive lysis has recently been shown to do so by preventing the attachment of C567 complexes to cells, and hence has been designated C567-INH. This report describes certain physiochemical characteristics of the inhibitory activity. It behaves as a heat-stable pseudoglobulin, soluble in 20 per cent Na2SO4, and having alpha1 mobility on Pevikon block electrophoresis. It is excluded from CM cellulose at pH 6-0, RSC Equals 0.007 M, is retained by an XM-100 membrane and is heterogenous on Sephadex G-200, eluting in at least two peaks. The combined active materials from the Sephadex column elute from DE-52 in at least four peaks. The mechanism of action of material from each of these four peaks is shown to involve prevention of attachment of C567 complexes to membranes, and this is shown to involve an effect on C567 complexes in solution rather than an effect on the membrane. A less dramatic effect on the lysis of EC567 by limited quanities of C8 and C9 can be demonstrated. Haemolytic studies using cell-bound C567 suggest that the interaction of C567-INH with C567 involves a loose reversible association. It is therefore postulated that C567-INH inhibits reactive lysis primarily by reversibly associating with the nascent C567 complex in solution, increasing its bulk and decreasing its diffusion capacity so that it is unable to reach a cell membrane before its haemolytic potential decays. PMID- 1116869 TI - Studies on equine immunoglobulins. IV. Immunoglobulins of the donkey. AB - Donkey IgGa was isolated in purified form from normal and immune donkey sera by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Isolated donkey IgGa and mixtures of (IgGa+IgGb) were used as antigens to prepare rabbit reagents specific for equine IgGa or IgGb. Antibodies present in sera obtained from a single donkey at various times during the course of hyperimmunization with BSA were isolated by immuno adsorption. The class or subclass of immunoglobulins present among isolated, donkey anti-BSA antibodies was determined by use of specific rabbit anti-equine immunoglobulin reagents. The homologues of horse IgGa, IgGb, IgGc and IgA were identified in normal donkey, mule, hinny and zebra serum. PMID- 1116870 TI - A comparative study of anaerobic Coryneforms. Attempts to correlate their anti tumour activity with their serological properties and ability to stimulate the lymphoreticular system. AB - Various strains of anaerobic coryneforms and the closely related Propionibacteria have been compared in vivo with respect to their anti-tumour activity. Their effectiveness has been correlated with their serological relationship and to some extent with their ability to stimulate the lymphoreticular system. Organisms belonging to Corynebacterium acnes groups I and II and C. avidum group IV were active anti-tumour agents, although of varying effectiveness. These strains are serologically closely related and all produce a soluble cross-reacting antigen. The single C. granulosum group III strain which we tested, an unclassified coryneform, and the classical Propionibacteria did not cross-react with the main group and had little or no anti-tumour activity. At the high dose (0.7 mg) we used, all strains, whether they inhibited tumour development or not, enhanced clearance of colloidal carbon and stimulated production of an inflammatory peritoneal exudate; at lower dosage the results were too variable to permit valid comparison. At the higher dose anti-tumour activity of a strain appeared to correlate best with ability to produce splenomegally and decrease red cell volume in the blood. PMID- 1116871 TI - Effect of a potent interferon inducer on acute and chronic lactic dehydrogenase virus viremia. AB - The effect of a single and multiple doses of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I). poly(C) on lactic dehydrogenase virus viremia has been studied. A single injection of 200 mug of poly (I)-poly(C) given 6 h before infection with lactic dehydrogenase virus caused a temporary decrease in viremia of about 2.5 log10. Repeated injections of 100 mug of poly(I)-poly(C) every 24 h beginning at 24 h caused a temporary decrease in viremia of about 4.0 log 10. Therapeutic treatment with optimal dosage schedules (100 mug every 24 h) caused a reduction in viremia of 1.0 to 2.0 log10. This decrease lasted for at least 24 h after the treatment was stopped. Some possible reasons for the limited effectiveness of poly (I)-poly(C) in this system are discussed. PMID- 1116872 TI - Immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - A total of 69 persons were investigated for assessment of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Three groups, each consisting of 20 normal persons, 20HBsAg carriers, and 20 convalescent hepatitis B patients, were studied for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and leukocyte migration inhibition with purified HBsAg. Sequential sampling if an additional group of nine acute hepatitis B patients defined the cellular and humoral immune response to HBsAg. The antigen was eliminated rapidly by mounting of cell-mediated immune response detectable for a limited period, followed by antibody response in relatively few patients moore than 3 months after clearance of circulating HBsAg. PMID- 1116873 TI - Hepatitis B antigen in saliva, urine, and stool. AB - A survey of hepatitis B patients, asymptomatic hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) carriers, and control subjects was conducted to determine the relationship between antigenemia and antigen excretion in saliva, urine, and stool. Radioimmunoassay was used to detect HBsAg. Specificity-confirmed HBsAg was detected in the saliva of 6 (30%) of 20 antigenemic patients, 1 (5%) of 20 nonantigenemic patients, 14 (34%) of 41 carriers, and 0 of 112 controls. HBsAg was detected in urine only after 100-fold concentration of first-morning specimens. Specificity-confirmed HBsAg was present in the urine of 7 (16%) of 43 carriers; unconfirmed HBsAg was found in the urine of 5 (13%) of 38 patients and 5 (5%) of 112 controls. Unconfirmed HBsAg was detected in concentrated stool specimens from 5 (46%) of 11 patients and 3 of 8 carriers and controls. Longitudinally collected specimens from antigenemic subjects showed no consistent patterns of antigen excretion. PMID- 1116874 TI - Pathogenecity of Yersinia enterocolitica for mice. AB - A laboratory infection of Yersinia enterocolitica in mice which closely resembles the naturally acquired human infection is described Intravenous inoculation of mice with small numbers of Y. enterocolitica gives rise to a systemic, pyogenic infection involving primarily the spleen, liver, and lungs. Massive neutrophil infiltration of these organs occurs early in the infection, eventually leading to large abscesses and pulmonary consolidation. Mice infected intragastrically show neutophil infiltration in the Peyer's patches of the distal ileum less than 24h postinfection. The Peyer's patches are unable to contain the infection which spreads to the mesenteric lymph node, causing large abscesses in the medullary regions. Soon after, the infection becomes systemic with abscesses forming in the liver, spleen, and lungs, and the total peripheral leukocyte count rises dramatically to over 30,000/mm2. A serological response, in the form of agglutinating antibody, begins to appear 2 weeks after infection. Possible causes of death and the usefulness of this infectious disease model are discussed. PMID- 1116875 TI - Coccidioidin and merthiolate in previously sensitized animals. AB - The effect of merthiolate, which is used as a preservative in skin test materials, on skin test reactions was determined in guinea pigs. In four groups of animals, merthiolate in basal medium produced skin tests at 24 and 48 h characterized by erythema and/or induration in an intermediate region, i.e., 5 plus or minus 2.2 mm. One of the four groups of animals was a nonsensitized control group. The other three groups were subcutaneously sensitized with (i) merthiolate and saline, (ii) killed Coccidioides immitis arthrospores, and (iii) merthiolate with killed C. immitis arthrospores. Coccidioidin only and merthiolate in coccidioidin produced positive delayed results in groups 3 and 4, which were sensitized with arthrospores. A synergistic effect of merthiolate and coccidioidin was observed in animals of group 4 sensitized by merthiolate with killed C. immitis arthrospores. This effect was observed at 24 h when positive reactions of coccidioidin with merthiolate were significantly greater than skin tests with plain coccidioidin. PMID- 1116877 TI - Six years of the international union of immunological societies. Presidential report, Brighton 1974. PMID- 1116876 TI - 51Cr release microassay for measuring cell-mediated immunity in chickens. AB - A microcytotoxic assay, based on the release of 51Cr from chicken erythrocytes by sensitized chicken lymphoid cells in the presence of the specific antigen, purified protein derivative (PPD), is described. The percentage of antigen specific lysis was dependent on the lymphoid cell concentration, antigen concentration, time of incubation, and incubation temperature. Maximum antigen specific lysis of nonspecific target cells was induced with a spleen-to-target cell ratio of 100:1 and with a peripheral blood lymphoid-to-target cell ratio of 1,000:1 in the presence of 100 mug of PPD per ml over a 20-h incubation period. As the concentration of PPD was increased from 25 to 200 mug/ml the specific lysis that incubation for 20 h. Incubation at 41 C produced significantly higher (P smaller than 0.05) antigen-specific cytotoxicity than incubation at 37 C. PMID- 1116878 TI - PCA reactions with mouse antibodies in mice and rats. AB - Mouse IgE was titrated in rats. The sensitization period was 2 h. The results were consistent and corresponded to the titers obtained in young adults SJL mice using a sensitization period of 48 h. With longer sensitization periods in rats, higher antibody titers were obtained. The optimum sensitization period in rats was found to be 48 h. Old CFW mice are inadequate for mouse IgE titration. IgG1 will not give a PCA reaction in rats. IgG1 titers are higher in SJL or A/J mice than in young CFW mice, and markedly higher than in old CFW mice. PMID- 1116879 TI - Contact sensitivity in vitro. II. The effect of beryllium preparations on the proliferative responses of specifically allergised lymphocytes and normal lymphocytes stimulated with PHA. AB - Beryllium in various physical forms was studied for its ability to induce increased 14C-thymidine incorporation by allergised guinea pig lymphocytes. No increase was observed. It was further shown that beryllium had an inhibitory effect on the response of normal lymphocytes to PHA and on the response of allergised lymphocytes to antigen. These results support the finding in other systems that beryllium can suppress DNA synthesis. PMID- 1116880 TI - Specific inhibitory action of polyunsaturated fatty acids on lymphocyte transformation induced by PHA and PPD. AB - Both saturated (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFS) inhibited PHA- and PPD induced lymphocyte transformation. The degree of inhibition varied with the nature of the fatty acid (FA) and further comparison with their effect on unstimulated lymphocyte cultures suggests a specific action of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on the lymphocyte PHA- and -PPD interaction. These findings are briefly discussed in the light of similar observations with PUFA-derived prostaglandins. PMID- 1116881 TI - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in rats. Both antibodies and sensitised cells are necessary for the immunological control of developing larvae. AB - A larval N. brasiliensis infection is expelled before reaching maturity in rats given both antiserum and sensitised lymphocytes but developing larvae are not expelled from rats given antiserum or cells alone. The immunity of animals given both components is as strong as immunity in actively immunised rats. The effects of immunity do not become evident until the larvae have migrated to the intestine. Developing larvae are more susceptible to the combined action of cells and antiserum than adult worms. PMID- 1116882 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to insulin and its polypeptide chains in insulin-treated diabectics. AB - 35 insulin-treated diabetics and 25 control persons were studied for in vivo and in vitro manifestations of hypersensitivity to insulin and its isolated polypeptide chains. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions were determined by skin testing, and blastogenic conversion tests were done with peripheral blood lymphocytes. None of the controls and 62.9% of the patients gave positive reactions in the blastogenic test, most of these reacted to the intact molecule, fewer patients responded to B chains, and very few responded to A chains. None of the controls and only three of the patients produced positive delayed hypersensitivity reactions to insulin, and all of these were to the intact insulin molecule. PMID- 1116883 TI - Leukocyte reactivity to alpha-gliadin in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease. AB - The leukocyte adherence inhibition test has been used to study leukocyte reactivity to alpha-gliadin in 20 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and 11 patients with adult coeliac disease. Leukocytes from both groups of patients showed a significant inhibition of leukocyte adherence thus indicating possible cell-mediated reactivity to this fraction of gluten. PMID- 1116884 TI - Potentiating effect of D-2-O on the ascaris-induced, reagin-mediated model of asthma in the Rhesus monkey studied with a double aerosolized antigen challenge technique. AB - Rhesus monkeys with IgE-mediated sensitivity have respiratory reactions following aerosol challenge with antigen. Studies of agents affecting this response have previously been limited by variations in animal responsiveness at different times. A method for avoiding this variability was tested in these experiments by comparing the degree of response to two antigen challenges during the same experiment and subsequently repeating the experiment with antigen dissolved in a mixture of H-2-O and D-2-O. D-2-O was selected for testing because it should theoretically potentiate histamine-mediated respiratory responses. The results of the studies indicated that there is a potentiating effect of D-2-O on the antigen induced respiratory response in rhesus monkeys. The double antigen challenge system described should have potential use for study of a variety of inhibiting or potentiating agents on the rhesus model of asthma. PMID- 1116885 TI - Circumvention of immunological tolerance to bovine serum albumin by diazotized antigen as a function of hapten density. AB - Immunological tolerance was induced in adult guinea pigs by the injection of 10 100 mg of centrifuged BSA. The tolerant state was readily circumvented, in terms of both humoral antibody response and delayed hypersensitivity, by the immunization with sulfanilated BSA with different degree of conjugation. The level of anti-BSA and intensity of the skin reactions to BSA evolked in animals with circumvented tolerance responding to the challenge immunization with sulfanilated BSA were inversely related to the number of sulfanil groups per BSA molecule. On the basis of the experimental data, the mechanism of the circumvention of tolerance is discussed. PMID- 1116886 TI - The use of Auger and conversion-electrons for the detection of gamma-emitting radionuclides: chromatographic quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 1116887 TI - Differences in the radiochemical determination of americium and curium by the glass fibre filter paper method. PMID- 1116888 TI - Smoking habits in Romania. AB - The main aspects and consequences of tobacco use resulting from a series of field surveys in Romania are reviewed. The proportion of smokers in middle-aged adults is about 10 per cent for women and 40 to 50 per cent for men. Cigarettes are practically the only form of tobacco consumed--cigars are very rarely smoked and pipe-smoking accounts for less than 1 per cent of tobacco use. Less than 10 per cent of smokers use more than 25 cigarettes a day. Age at starting to smoke is low, with a quarter of smokers taking up the habit by the age of 15. Ninety per cent of the smokers admit to inhaling, and about half the men and nearly all the women smoke filter cigarettes. PMID- 1116889 TI - Surveillance of congenital malformations and other conditions of the newborn. AB - A brief description is given of a birth defects monitoring system in operation on a monthly basis in Norway since 1 January 1971. The system has disclosed apparent epidemic increases in congenital dislocation of hip and anomalies of the limbs, caused by changes in registration practice. An increase in the registration of anomalies of the uro-genital system, that started in the autumn of 1972, is currently being investigated in depth through a case-control study covering all cases of hypospadias and undescended testicles that are registered in the total population of births in Norway. However, this population is too small to provide a quick answer to urgent questions. To overcome this obstacle international collaboration is essential. PMID- 1116890 TI - Associations between oral clefts and drugs taken during pregnancy. AB - Associations between drug consumption during pregnancy and the birth of children with oral clefts were studied in material from the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations, consisting of 599 children with clefts and their matched controls. Information concerning maternal drug consumption was partly prospective. During the first trimester, analgesic, chemotherapeutic and antineurotic drugs had all been significantly more frequently used by the mothers of children with clefts, than by the control mothers. The consumption of drugs was in general more frequent among mothers of children with cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, than among those of children with cleft palate alone. PMID- 1116891 TI - [Suicidal problems in Norway (author's transl)]. AB - The author gibes a review of suicide problems in Norway. The suicide rate has in Norway traditionally been low compared with the other Scandinavian countries, about one third, and has remained so for a century. In the last century the suicide rate increased with increasing age. In this century it has come to a peak in the age groups of 50-69 years for men and 50-59 years for women. There are only small differences in the suicide rate for the different parts of the country, with a slightly higher rate in the most densely populated areas. The ratio male/female is now 3:1, and has changed little. The suicidal methods are discussed, as is also the relation of suicidal acts to alcohol and drug problems. Precipitating factors are discussed, as are also vulnerable groups, among them the sailors, where the suicidal rate is about three times higher than of the average population of the same age and sex. Norwegian follow-up studies on the future fate of suicide attempters are mentioned. Finally, the author gives an outline of the present state of suicidology in Norway. PMID- 1116892 TI - The impact of the New York State abortion law on black and white fertility in Upstate New York. AB - The availability of abortions on demand, as provided by the new New York State abortion law, had a profound effect on fertility in a large community with previously very restricted access to illegal abortions. Improved family planning and the availability of abbortions as a backup measure combines with a preference for a smaller family size led to a one-third reduction of live births in the short period since the new law became effective. Planning for paediatric and obstetric care had to be adjusted accordingly. The frequently hypothesized or reported secondary effects on illegitimacy or infant mortality could not be observed. The trend towards increasing illegitimacy was slowed down, but not reversed. Infant mortality continued its short-term erratic pattern; the trend towards a higher proportion of teenage pregnancies cancelled the effect that pregnancies at higher risk for infant death are also at higher risk for abortion. PMID- 1116893 TI - Editorial: Disaster epidemiology. PMID- 1116894 TI - The validity of data from next-of-kin in studies of mortality among migrants. AB - The design of the British-Norwegian Migrant Study afforded a unique opportunity for comparing in a large sample certain items of information on the same individual, as reported by himself some time before death, with the responses on the same points given after his death in a questionnaire addressed to his next-of kin. This paper describes a comparison of the degree of agreement between these two methods of obtaining data and draws attention to possible sources and directions of bias involved in the use of information supplied after death by the next-of-kin. Validity, as measured by agreement with the subject's own replies, depends in part on the topic and nature of the information required and on the population included in the survey. A built-in check, such as that incorporated in the British-Norwegian Study, confers the advantage that such biases can be identified and the numerical effect of adjusting for them assessed with some confidence. PMID- 1116895 TI - Cancer of the oesophagus in Brittany: an incidence study in Ille-et-Vilaine. AB - Mortality from cancer of the oesophagus is known to be high in Brittany and Normandy. A morbidity survey was initiated to confirm this finding. A registry was set up in Rennes for the departement of Ille-et-Vilaine. In the course of six years (1968-73) 718 cases were entered, 669 males and 49 females; the annual incidence rate for males is 29-4 per 100,000, one of the highest ever described. Most tumors are in the middle third of the oesophagus (49 per cent); 33 per cent are in the lower third. Most tumors were squamous cell carcinomas; 7 per cent were adenocarcinomas. There is an area of high endemicity in the rural areas of the north of Ille-et-Vilaine with rates reaching 60 per 100,000. The relationship with drinking habits is currently being investigated. PMID- 1116896 TI - Immunological studies of the mechanism of anaemia in experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection in rats. PMID- 1116897 TI - The aerobic metabolism of 14C-sugars and 14CO2 by the daughter sporocysts of Microphallus similis (Jag.) and Microphallus pygmaeus (Levinsen) (Digenea: Microphallidae). PMID- 1116898 TI - Studies on Anoplotaenia dasyuri Beddard, 1911 (Cestoda: Taeniidae), a parasite of the Tasmanian devil: life-cycle and epidemiology. PMID- 1116899 TI - Manifestations of resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep: worm populations and abomasal changes in sheep superinfected with 1,000,000 larvae of H. contortus. PMID- 1116900 TI - Reaginic antibody response in rabbits infected with Taenia pisiformis. PMID- 1116901 TI - The immunological response of CBA mice to Trypanosoma musculi: elimination of the parasite from the blood. PMID- 1116902 TI - Organic dusts: critical emerging health hazard. PMID- 1116903 TI - Where does the hygienist fit in job health & safety today? PMID- 1116904 TI - Conducting a health screening program in the small plant. PMID- 1116905 TI - Exertion adds to solvent inhalation danger. PMID- 1116906 TI - Amniocentesis: indications and complications. AB - Transabdominal amniocentesis is described and our experience with this method is presented. No severe maternal complications were recorded. In two cases accidental puncture of fetal blood vessels in pregnancies over 40 weeks led to delivery by cesarean section. We believe that, although fetal complications are rare, the indications for amniocentesis should be significant enough to discount the hazards of the procedure. PMID- 1116907 TI - Traumatic rupture of the right hemidiaphragm. PMID- 1116908 TI - Editorial: Surgery for obesity. PMID- 1116909 TI - Current concepts of surgical geriatric gynecology. PMID- 1116910 TI - Clinical study of intersex states in Nigerian children. AB - Early diagnosis of intersex is essential to avoid indecision and to establish the correct sex of rearing before mistakes have been made. Diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome is singularly important for delay in diagnosis may lead to stunted growth or death from electrolyte imbalance. All others except the hormonally induced types are sterile, the gonad can be ignored and the sex of rearing is determined by the external genital configuration which can be most easily created by surgery plus hormones. Patients except those with maternal virilization may also need castration and hormone therapy corresponding with the chosen sex of rearing. PMID- 1116911 TI - Treatment of genital prolapse in India. PMID- 1116912 TI - Incidental appendectomy in vaginal surgery. AB - We have analyzed 225 cases of incidental appendectomy performed during 2200 vaginal operations over a six-year period. The main vaginal procedures were 1700 hysterectomies and 500 colpotomies for tubal ligation, ovarian cystectomy and diagnostic procedures. Other than prolonging the operating time by about 15 minutes, there was no sign of increased morbidity or duration of hospital stay. PMID- 1116913 TI - Vesicorectal fistula following abdominal hysterectomy. PMID- 1116914 TI - Out-patient uterine vacuum curettage without anesthesia. AB - The Vabra aspirator was used for vacuum curettage in 130 Nigerian women needing uterine curettage. The procedure was performed on an out-patient basis without anesthesia. Eighty-nine patients (68.5 percent) had their operations at the time of their first visit to the gynecological consultative clinic. The procedure was acceptable to all the patients; 117 (90 per cent) reported no pain and all 120 patients seen at the follow-up clinic returned to work a few hours after the procedure. The vacuum curettings were adequate for histological diagnosis in 92.3 per cent of the patients in whom specimens were obtained. There was no immediate or long-term complications. PMID- 1116915 TI - A new, rapid fluorometric determination of retinol in serum. AB - A new procedure for the determination of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in blood has been devised. It consists of direct measurement of the fluorescence of retinol (excitation 335 nm.; emission 458 nm.) in diluted serum, and is considerably more rapid than any previous method. Such measurements are feasible because the intensity of fluorescence of retinol bound to its transport protein (retinol binding protein) is sufficiently high that other natural occurring fluorescent substances in blood do not interfere significantly. When the new method was compared to a conventional procedure employing extraction and chromatographic separation of retinol on columns of alumina, the correlation coefficient was 0.85. PMID- 1116917 TI - A nascent electrophysiology of amacrine cells. PMID- 1116916 TI - A rapid method for measuring miotic activity of drugs in the intact mouse eye. AB - A rapid and precise method for evaluating the miotic activity of cholinergic drugs has been developed based on Long's method for measuring the rate of mydriasis. The rate of reversal of mydriasis developed previously in the intact mouse eye by a mild mydriatic (phenycyclidine) is used to evaluate the miotic activity. The method provides a useful tool for measuring and comparing the miotic activity of acetylcholine agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors. PMID- 1116918 TI - Pathways for the response of the eye to injury. AB - The role of a neural pathway in the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier of the rabbit after two irritating stimuli, topical nitrogen mustard, and paracentesis, was studied. Retrobulbar anesthesia or section of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve decreased the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier, as measured by protein in the aqueous humor, after topical nitrogen mustard. Sensory denervation, accomplished with retrobulbar alcohol, virtually prevented the protein rise in the aqueous humor. Disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier after paracentesis, however, was not affected by retrobulbar anesthesia or alcohol denervation. Therefore, the increased protein in the aqueous humor after an irritative stimulus appears to be mediated by at least two pathways. The response to a stimulus such as nitrogen mustard depends on sensory innervation and is not mediated by prostaglandins to any important degree. The response to paracentesis does not require sensory innervation and appears to be mediated, at least in part, by prostaglandins. PMID- 1116919 TI - Experimental tonography on enucleated human eyes. I. The validity of Grant's tonography formula. AB - When newer tables for parameters in Grant's formula for tonography are used, one obtains far higher values for the outflow facility than those generally accepted. The aim of this iinvestigation has, therefore, been to test the validity of the tonography formula. The outflow facility determined by constant-rate perfusion in enucleated eyes has been compared with the results of tonography on the same eyes in the steady-state condition. Loss of intraocular fluid during tonography has been measured directly by means of a new technique. Outflow facilities determined according to the two methods show very good agreement. Thus, when the production of aqueous is held at a constant rate, and when there is no change in intraocular blood volume. Grant's tonography formula is found valid, provided absolute values for Po, Pt, and dV are used. PMID- 1116920 TI - Cone dark adaptation: the influence of halothane anesthesia. AB - Cone dark adaptation (da) (measured with an electroretinogram [ERG] method) is found to be severely retarded when the subject (human and macaque monkey) is under halothane anesthesia. The degree of retardation depends both on the halothane level and on the bleach history. The effect of bleach history shows a great similarity with psychophysical findings concerning foveal da. Interpretation of halothane effects, therefore, is possible in terms of an existing model on cone pigment kinetics. PMID- 1116921 TI - Evidence for lens oxoprolinase, an enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. AB - The presence of oxoprolinase, an enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, not previously reported in the lens was demonstrated by organ-culture technique and from a study of the partially purified enzyme. The evidence for oxoprolinase in intact rabbit lens is based on the following: (1) [14C]-labeled oxoproline is utilized by the lens giving rise to labeled CO2, (2) [14C]-oxoproline is converted to glutamic acid, which is subsequently incorporated into glutathione, (3) formation of labeled glutamic acid and CO2 from [14C]-oxoproline is effectively blocked by a structural analog of the compound L-2-imidazolidone-4 carboxylic acid, a known inhibitor of oxoprolinase. The enzyme was partially purified from bovine lens capsule epithelium and certain of its properties were examined. Ocular lens was also found to contain significant amounts of oxoproline, an intermediate of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. PMID- 1116922 TI - Blood pressure and pressure amaurosis. AB - Susceptibility to pressure amaurosis was measured in young research subjects before and during blood pressure elevation induced by intravenous infusions of phenylephrine. Intraocular pressure elevations were produced by paralimbal suction; we measured the highest level to which intraocular pressure could be raised without obliterating perception of a slowly flickering stimulus in the nasal field of vision. Elevation of systemic blood pressure was accompanied in all subjects by a corresponding increase in the highest "safe" level of intraocular pressure. This observation confirms the commonly held hypothesis that pressure amaurosis is the result of pressure-induced neuroretinal ischemia. PMID- 1116923 TI - Lymphocyte-induced vitreous membranes: a comparative study with leukocyte- and platelet-induced vitreous membranes. AB - Vitreous membranes were induced in rabbit eyes by injecting an autogenous lymphocyte preparation. These membranes were compared with membranes induced by autogenous leukocyte and platelet preparations. Lymphocytes gave rise to faint, nonprogressive membranes, while leukocytes and platelets produced dense, long standing membranes. It is suggested that lymphocytes may not be the cause of this weak response, as other cells in the preparation may be involved. PMID- 1116924 TI - Effects of antibiotics on the in vitro rabbit corneal endothelium. AB - The effects of ten antibiotics and two preservatives on the rabbit corneal endothelium were studied by in vitro perfusion. Dose-related effects on corneal thickness were seen with certain antibiotics. No correlation was found between structure, origin, or bacterial sensitivity of the antibiotics and their effect on corneal transplants. Five distinct morphological changes were observed: two were transient and only one was specific. Although clinical dose correlation was not intended, further investigation is needed on erythromycin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, penicillin, oxacillin, and cephalothin. PMID- 1116925 TI - Anti-inflammatory effectiveness of topically administered corticosteroids in the cornea without epithelium. AB - The present studies demonstrate that modification of the derivative of a given steriod base alters its anti-inflammatory potential as measured by suppression of leukocyte invasion of the cornea. A comparison of each drug's corneal bioavailability with its anti-inflammatory effectiveness shows the acetate derivative of prednisolone to be a more potent anti-inflammatory agent than the phosphate derivative. Similarly, the free alcohol derivative of dexamethasone proved to be more potent than the phosphate derivative. Increasing the concentration of prednisolone acetate from 0.125 per cent to 1.0 per cent results in a significant increase in its anti-inflammatory effectiveness in the cornea following topical administration. The same increase in prednisolone phosphate concentration does not produce a significant increase in its ability to suppress polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of the cornea. When the epithelium of the inflamed cornea is intact, prednisolone acetate, 1.0 per cent ophthalmic suspension, is the most effective of the corticosteroid preparations studied. In the absence of an intact epithelium, prednisolone acetate, 1.0 per cent ophthalmic suspension, again produces the greatest mean reduction in polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltration of the cornea although here one cannot demonstrate a statistically significant difference from the anti-inflammatory effect produced by prednisolone phosphate, 1.0 per cent ophthalmic solution, or dexamethasone alcohol, 0.1 per cent ophthalmic suspension. Overall, therefore, prednisolone acetate 1.0 per cent is the most effective of the topical agents studied for suppression of corneal inflammation. PMID- 1116926 TI - The effect of tear substitutes on tear film break-up time. AB - Twelve commercial artificial tear solutions and a newly developed one were evaluated as to their effect on tear film breakup time (BUT) in ten normal subjects. Instillation of one drop of these solutions altered the BUT in such a way that serial BUT measurements could be used as an index of retention time. Results demonstrated significantly longer retention time for three related products (Adapt, Adapette, and Adsorbotear) and a newly developed product (Alcon 0413) [Tears Naturale (Alcon TM)]. This method appears to be an accurate nonirritative way of assessing retention time of tear substitute/vehicles and demonstrate values much longer than previously reported by other methods. PMID- 1116927 TI - Radiographically determined lung volumes at full inspiration and during dynamic forced expiration in normal subjects. AB - Posteroanterior and lateral radiographs of the lungs of 30 normal adults were obtained at total lung capacity (TLC) and 1 sec after initiation of forced expiration from ttlc. simultaneous spirographic recording of the volume expired (FEV-1) and independent plethysmographic recording of TLC were obtained. Two types of measurements were made from the radiographs: 1) surface areas of the lung fields, measured planimetrically; and 2) combinations of linear distances between selected points. These radiographic measurements and the measured lung volumes were subjected to computer analysis to develop reliable formulas for determining lung volumes solely from radiographs. Formulas derived using planimetry produced multiple correlation coefficients of 0.95 for TLC and 0.89 for volume during forced expiration. Use of linear measurements produced multiple correlation coefficients of 0.92 for TLC and 0.84 for dynamic volume. Thus, in normal subjects, static lung volumes and lung volumes during dynamic forced expiration can be determined from radiographs. PMID- 1116928 TI - Roentgenographic study of blood flow redistribution in acute pulmonary edema in dogs. AB - Acute pulmonary edema was induced in anesthetized vertically suspended dogs by inflating a ballon catheter in the descending thoracic aorta and infusing saline. Indices measured included pulmonary arterial pressure, left ventricle end diastolic pressure, and cardiac output. Pulmonary blood-flow distribution was determined in frozen tissue after injecting radioactive macroaggregates labelled with 125-I, 131-I, and 99m-Tc. Randomized serial chest roentgenograms were interpreted by three radiologists not taking part in the physiologic studies. When left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was raised initially, roentgenograms usually revealed only interstitial edema. As alveolar edema increased, blood-flow to the lung bases decreased as measured physiologically. The roentgenographic and physiologic data show that in acute experiments on normal lungs, blood-flow redistribution occurs in association with alveolar edema rather than interstitial edema. PMID- 1116929 TI - Controlled deposition of tantalum powder in a cast of the human airways: applications for aerosol bronchography. AB - A hollow latex cast of the human larynx and tracheobronchial tree extending to 2 mm diameter airways "inhaled" tantalum powder (mass median aero-dynamic diameter equals 9.2 mum, omicron-g equals 1.41) at 8 liters/min. Tantalum deposited within the cast as predicted by preliminary deposition calculations. These calculations predicted deposition surface densities among greater than 2 mm diam. airways to have a range of similar to 2:1, and also predicted less than 5% alveolar deposition. A deposition surface density of 8 mg/cm-2 provided good bronchographic visualization. Single rice grains located within some airways were distinctly outlined. The small amount of tantalum needed to outline the airways be a simulated voluntary inhalation indicates that tantalum may be suitable for use as a bronchographic contrast medium when administered under strictly controlled exposure conditions. PMID- 1116930 TI - Myocardial wall motion evaluation using amplitude frequency spectral analysis. AB - Frequency spectral analysis of cardiac wall motion as calculated from the recorded video kymogram are demonstrated. Characteristic harmonics following the fundamental frequency of the cardiac rate have been demonstrated to have an alternating sequential energy distribution as measured from the free margin of the left ventricle of humans. The characteristic patterns occur in approximately 80% of the 50 patients evaluated. The correlation of these harmonics with physiologic events is not yet complete. Amplitude frequency spectral analysis offers an objective method for analysis of cardiac kymography not otherwise possible. PMID- 1116931 TI - Dynamic radiography. An evaluation of cardiac motion by the analysis of scattered radiation during fluoroscopy. AB - A non-invasive technique, utilizing scattered radiation, has been developed to monitor and measure the motion of the epicardial surface during fluoroscopy. A number of dogs were studied using a monitoring device which consists of an X-Ray beam collimator, collimated sodium iodide dectetors and their associated electronics. The detector signals are computer processed to obtain frequency fingerprints of epicardial motion that may, in the future, indicate the condition of the myocardium. PMID- 1116932 TI - Toxicity of metrizamide and meglumine iocarmate in the spinal subarachnoid space. An experimental study in rats with special reference to long-term effects. AB - The toxic effects of metrizamide, a new non-ionic contrast medium, and of meglumine iocarmate (Dimer-X), were investigated after injection into the spinal subarachnoid space of rats. Convulsions were seen in 8 of 11 animals with meglumine iocarmate. No such irritative effects seen with metrizamide. Histologic examiniation of the spinal cord was carried out here 4 months. No changes were seen which could be ascribed to toxic effects of the contrast media. PMID- 1116933 TI - Needle aspiration and B mode scanning. PMID- 1116934 TI - Renal arteriography. The choice of contrast material. AB - Angiographers responding to a questionnaire disagreed on the agent of choice for selective renal arteriography. Opinion differed regarding the advantages of sodium versus meglumine salts, diatrizoate versus iothalamate, and 50-60 percent concentration agents versus those in the 70-76 percent range. Although an increasing number of angiographers are using more concentrated agents for renal arteriography, there is little information available to indicate their safety for this purpose. Dog experiments were done to see whether Renografin 76 percent (R 76), at a reasonable dose, caused more severe changes than the lower concentration agents. The studies failed to demonstrate significant differences between R-76 and the less concentrated agents indicating that R-76 can be used for selective renal arteriography if the additional iodine is deemed necessary. Factors affecting nephrotoxicity of contrast media in patients with normal and abnormal kidneys are discussed. PMID- 1116935 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: incidence among ethic groups in Israel. AB - During the period 1968-73, 46 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal childhood disease related to rubeola, were encountered in Israel. The incidence per million population was 3.4 for Sephardic Jews, 3.2 for Arabs and only 0.5 for Ashkenazic Jews. An environmental factor which sharply demarcated Arabs and Sephardic Jews from Ashkenazic Jews, and which might account for the differences in incidence of SSPE, was family size: 42.3% of Arab families and 21.5% of the families of Sephardic Jews but only 1.1% of Ashkenazic Jewish families had five or more children. It is postulated that older siblings in large families might constitute vectors which introduce rubeola to the younger siblings at a time when they are at unusual risk of developing SSPE (i.e. before two years of age), whereas in small families, rubeola tends to be acquired later in childhood when the risk of SSPE is reduced. PMID- 1116936 TI - Conservative vs. surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. AB - The treatment of choice in vesicoureteral reflux in children is discussed on the basis of experience with 160 refluxing ureters. Two-thirds of the ureters responded well to conservative nonsurgical treatment and the majority of these are now completely cured. Thirty-three ureters, not responding to conservative measures, were treated surgically by the Leadbetter-Politano or Bischoff methods. It is concluded that 1) conservative treatment should be attempted before recourse to surgery and 2) Bischoff's technique should be given first consideration in cases with dilated and poorly functioning ureters. PMID- 1116937 TI - A case of maternal hyperparathyroidism presenting as neonatal tetany. AB - A three-week-old infant presented with tetany and with serum calcium and phosphate levels compatible with the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. Investigation of the asymptomatic mother revealed serum calcium and phosphate levels and urinary phosphate clearance values diagnostic of hyperparathyroidism. The maternal hyperparathyroidism was treated by removal of a parathyroid adenoma. PMID- 1116938 TI - Changes in plasma cortisol, glucose and free fatty acids after caffeine ingestion in obese women. PMID- 1116939 TI - Bilateral hearing loss as a sequel to unilateral acoustic trauma. AB - Within the framework of a study on the natural history of acoustic trauma, over 600 soldiers were examined. A higher rate of bilateral acoustic trauma was observed among soldiers with longer service. Comparison between unilateral and bilateral acoustic trauma showed a greater severity of damage in both ears of the latter group. Comparison of the progression of the damage in the same persons on two consecutive examinations suggested the same trend. It is suggested that bilateral acoustic trauma may be a later and more severe stage in some types of noise-induced damage. PMID- 1116940 TI - [Hydroa vacciniforme Bazin]. PMID- 1116941 TI - [Hereditary prognosis of atopic neurodermatitis (Besnier's prurigo, atopic dermatitis, endogenous eczema)]. PMID- 1116942 TI - [Inverted follicular keratosis]. PMID- 1116944 TI - ["Halonevus without the halo"]. PMID- 1116943 TI - [Skin temperature and skin humidity under plastic occlusive dressing]. PMID- 1116945 TI - [Treatment of psoriasis vulgaris using tar-containing seawater baths]. PMID- 1116946 TI - [Letter: Vitiligo, thymus defect and autoimmunity--a hypothetical pathogenesis]. PMID- 1116947 TI - [Letter: Lasting depigmentation caused by hydroquinonemonobenzylether]. PMID- 1116949 TI - [Letter: Erythema nodosum in trichomoniasis]. PMID- 1116948 TI - [Letter: Treatment of penile carcinoma]. PMID- 1116950 TI - The direct measurement of cytochrome P450 in unfixed tissue sections. AB - A method for the measurement of cytochrome P-450 in unfixed cryostat sections is described. The sections are incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature in a buffered solution containing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium dithionite. Two incubations are performed on serial sections, one in nitrogen and the other in carbon monoxide. Readings are taken on a Vickers M85 microdensitometer fitted with a high sensitivity photomultiplier amplifier system, the measurements being made on corresponding fields in the serial sections. Subtraction of the nitrogen values from the carbon monoxide values, after allowing for an absorption shift, gives the absolute spectrum of cytochrome P450. The subtraction corrects for the tissue content of other haem-containing proteins. The cytochrome P450 spectrum shows a sharp maximum at 450 nm, and two other minor components absorbing at 444 nm and 458 nm. The content of cytochrome P450 in animals fed with phenobarbitone was 2.4 times greater than in control animals. PMID- 1116951 TI - Methylation or lactonization of acid mucins by acid methanolic reagents in histochemistry. AB - With the demonstration that cationic dye staining of acid mucins can be prevented by treatment with hydrocholoric acid or thionyl chloride in nonpolar, nonalcoholic solvents it has been contended that the blockade has occurred by lactonization of the acid mucosaccharides. It is further contended that also in methanolic HCl lactonization is the only process by which cationic dye staining of acid mucins occurs to the exclusion of methyl esterification of the carboxyls. We have demonstrated that an acetylation adequate to prevent the PAS reaction of mucins does not prevent either direct cationic dye staining or its blockade by methylation, and that periodic acid cleavage of the 2,3 glycol of hyaluronic acid mucins does not prevent methylation blockade of cationic dye staining. With occupying or destroying the variation of(3) hydroxyl on which variation of lactonization would have to occur it is believed that the successful blockade must have occurred by methyl esterification of the carboxyl. Lactonization must be regarded as an alternative rather than an exclusive pathway for this blockade. PMID- 1116952 TI - [On the lysosomal pattern in the kidney of normal rats with special reference to the protein excretion(author's transl)]. AB - Using the histochemical reaction for acid phosphatase the lysosomal pattern of the proximal renal tubule has been investigated in virginal female rats, in the course of pregnancy, and in females following pretreatment with progesterone. Furthermore the stage of gestation, phases of sexual cycle, the urinary output as well its protein concentration and the protein excretion have been taken into account. From the metabolic studies it becomes clear, that the urine values depend on the sexual phase and the duration of gravidity. On the basis of our histochemical results strong evidence occurs, that the lysosomes in the proximal renal tubule are influenced by both, the proteins in the primary urine and by sex hormones. In all collectives investigated an increase of the protein concentrations in the urine runs always parallel to an increase of the number of small and medium-sized lysosomes; the big ones disappear. At the end of pregnancy and after pretreatment with progesterone acid phosphatase seems to diffuse out of the lysosomes in the epithelial cells of the S1- and S2-segments. PMID- 1116953 TI - Letter: Acetabular fracture fixation. PMID- 1116954 TI - Evaluation of tear formation in the dog, using a modification of the Schirmer tear test. AB - The Schirmer tear test for the measurement of tear formation in the dog was done according to 2 procedures: Schirmer I (the conventional procedure) and SCHIRMER II (with topical anesthesia and drying of the ventral conjunctival fornix. Results from 97 normal dogs averaged 21.0 mm wetting/minute (standard deviation (sd) plus or minus 4.2 mm) for the Schirmer I test and 11.6 mm wetting/minute (sd plus or minus 6.1 mm) for the Schirmer II test. When atropine was injected subcutaneously in 50 dogs (0.02 mg/kg, wetting/minute averaged 9.36 mm (Schirmer I) AND 4.32 MM (Schirmer II). Two dogs in each of 3 groups had either the lacrimal gland, gland of the membrane nictitans, or both excised. Changes in tear formation were evaluated by Schirmer I and II tear tests, as well as after parenteral administration of atropine. The lacrimal gland, the gland of the membrama mocotams. amd tje accessory lacrimal glands and mucous cells were found to contribute 6.17, 35.2, and 3.1%, respectively, to tear formation. PMID- 1116955 TI - Spinal cord compression caused by osteocartilaginous exostoses of the spine in two dogs. AB - Two dogs, one 4 months old and the other 1 year old, had histories of progressive posterior weakness. In both cases, there was severe asymmetric proprioceptive loss but appreciable preservation of strength. Benign, cystic expansile lesions involving the facets and lamina of the thoracic spine were observed radiographically; a single lesioons was demonstrated in the other. Examination of biopsy speciments taken at the time of laminectomy revealed the lesions to be osteocartilaginous exostoses (osteochondromas, ecchondromas, exostoses). The progress of dogs 1 and 2 has been monitored for 1 1/2 years and 9 months, respectively. Dog 1 has no weakness or proprioceptive loss; dog 2 has a mild proprioceptive loss in the right hindlimb. PMID- 1116956 TI - Acute pancreatic hemorrhage associated with iatrogenic hypercalcemia in a dog. AB - A 2-year-old female dog with idiopathic hypolcalcemia was given intermittent calcium therapy, to effect. Excessive calcium may have led to the development of acute pancreatic hemorrhage. PMID- 1116957 TI - Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma in a dog. AB - A calcifying aponeurotic fibroma involving the soft tissue and bone of the occipital area compressed and attenuated the cerebellum and brainstem of a 9-year old female dog of mixed breeding. Clinical signs included a head tilt to the left; gait ataxia; anisocoria, with a midly dilated left pupil; horizontal nystagmus, with the fast phase to the right; and a mild depression of the level of consciousness. The signs were sequential and progressive. PMID- 1116958 TI - Perianal adenoma of apocrine origin in a dog. AB - At necropsy, a 15-year-old male Standard Poodle had a 6-cm diameter mass in the perianal region. Histologic examination revealed an adenoma of apocrine tubular gland origin, rather than the more common type of perianal gland adenoma derived from modified sebaceous glands. The diameter of the mass had increased from 3 to 6 cm in 12 months and it had failed to respond to treatment with repository stilbestrol. PMID- 1116959 TI - Tylosin and chloretetracycline for the prevention of liver abscesses, improved weight gains and feed efficiency in feedlot cattle. PMID- 1116960 TI - Early diagnosis of pregnancy in sows by ultrasonic amplitude-depth analysis. PMID- 1116961 TI - Plasma progestins in pregnant, postpartum and cycling mares. PMID- 1116962 TI - Induction of parturition in dairy cattle with dexamethasone and estradiol benzoate. PMID- 1116963 TI - Alteration of phospholipids in porcine spermatozoa during in vivo uterus and oviduct incubation. PMID- 1116964 TI - Collection technique and progesterone concentration of ovarian and uterine venous blood in mares. PMID- 1116965 TI - Effects of fetal decapitation on fetal development, parturition and lactation in pigs. PMID- 1116966 TI - Growth and feed efficiency and their relationship to puberal traits of Charolais bulls. PMID- 1116967 TI - Effect of glycerol equilibration time and thawing rate upon acrosomal maintenance and motility of bull spermatozoa frozen in plastic straws. PMID- 1116968 TI - Effect of high ambient temperature and low humidity on nutrient utilization and on some physiological responses in Awasi sheep fed different levels of roughage. PMID- 1116969 TI - Salt requirments of lambs. PMID- 1116970 TI - Computer simulation of iodine metabolism by mammals. PMID- 1116971 TI - Growth, blood parameters and tissue lipids of finishing cattle fed a formaldehyde treated casein-safflower oil complex. PMID- 1116972 TI - Genetic analysis of the serum level of IgG2 and total protein in red Danish cattle. PMID- 1116973 TI - Effect of high deitary molybdenum and sulfate on plasma copper clearance and tissue minerals in growing swine. PMID- 1116974 TI - Metabolic fate of diethylstilbestrol implanted in the ear of steers. PMID- 1116975 TI - Depletion patterns of radioactivity and tissue residues in beef cattle after the withdrawal of oral C-diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 1116976 TI - Fate of radiocarbon in beef steers implanted with 14C-diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 1116977 TI - Abomasal amino acids and plasma nitrogen constituents in the bovine fed normal or opaque-2 corn. PMID- 1116978 TI - Avoidance and maze learning in pigs. PMID- 1116979 TI - Variation in colony characteristics and symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium. PMID- 1116980 TI - Observations on the structure of spores. PMID- 1116981 TI - Selective media for the enumeration of Chromobacterium spp. in soil and water. PMID- 1116982 TI - Influence of combined nitrogen on the symbiosis between single colony isolates of Rhizobium CB756 and Macrotyloma axillare. PMID- 1116983 TI - Genetic recombination in Nocardia mediterranei. AB - A system of genetic recombination in Nocardia mediterranei ATCC 13685 is described. This strain produces a mixture of several rifamycin antibiotics. Using haploid recombinant selection and analysis procedures similar to those applied to Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), 14 auxotrophic markers and 1 streptomycin resistance marker were located on a circular linkage map. The linkage map of N. mediterranei seems to be similar to that of S. coelicolor A3(2). PMID- 1116984 TI - Characterization of the lipids of mesosomal vesicles and plasma membranes from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Mesosomal vesicles and plasma membranes were isolated from Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P by protoplasting and differential centrifugation. The lipids of each of the two membrane fractions were extracted with pyridine-acetic acid-N-butanol, and the nonlipid contaminants were removed by Sephadex treatment. The lipids were then separated by passage through diethylaminoethyl-cellulose columns and characterized by thin-layer chromatographic, chemical, and spectral analyses. The lipids were separated into four discrete diethylaminoethyl fractions: (i) vitamin K2, carotenoids, C55 isoprenoid alcohol, and monoglucosyl diglyceride; (ii) cardiolipin, carotenoids, phosphatidyl glycerol, diglucosyl diglyceride, and an unidentified ninhydrin-positive component; (iii) cardiolipid and phosphatidyl glyderol; (iv) cardiolipin, phosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl glucose. Qualitatively, no difference in lipid composition between mesosomal vesicles and plasma membranes was found. However, based on equal dry weights of membrane materials, a relative quantitative difference in the amount of specific lipids in mesosomal vesicles and plasma membranes was observed. There are 4 times more monoglucosyl diglyceride, 2.6 times more diglucosyl diglyceride, 3.8 times more phosphatidyl glucose, 2 times more carotenoids, and 2 times more vitamin K2 found in mesosomal vesicles than in plasma membranes. The concentration of cardiolipin and phosphatidyl glycerol is 3.6 and 6 times greater, respectively, in mesosomal vesicles. PMID- 1116985 TI - Sensitivity of a Bacteroides melaninogenicus strain to monosaccharides: effect on enzyme induction. AB - The inhibition of growth in Bacteroides melaninogenicus by sugars in described. Monosaccharides such as D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, and D-fructose are inhibitory at low concentrations, whereas the disaccharides sucrose and lactose are not inhibitory even at high concentrations. The major inhibitory effect of the sugar is found during the transition of lag to logarithmic growth phases. There was no primary effect of D-glucose on protein, ribonucleic acid, or deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis on cells in transition from lag to logarithmic growth. However, the addition of glucose or galactose completely abolished the induction of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine synthetase by vitamin K in vitamin K depleted cells. Futhermore, in cells which were not vitamin K depleted, the level of this enzyme was drastically reduced by the addition of the sugar. Cyclic adenosine 5-monophosphate was unable to reverse the growth inhibition produced by glucose. In actively growing cultures, addition of sugar slows the growth rate. In these experiments the level of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine synthetase fell only after the cells had assumed the slower rate of growth. There were two indications that D-galactose was more inhibitory than D-glucose; in the presence of 0.1% D galactose cells in lag phase did not show the increase in turbidity found in similar cells placed in medium with 0.1% D-glucose, and also D-galactose caused a greater decrease in the growth rate of actively growing cultures than was found with D-glucose. These studies suggest that the inhibitory effect of monosaccharides in lag leads to logarithmic growth transition can be ascribed to an effect on enzyme induction. On the other hand, the ability of many monosaccharides to inhibit growth, and the greater inhibitory property of D galactose compared with D-glucose, suggests that other mechanisms may be operative as well. PMID- 1116986 TI - Kinetics of Na+-dependent K+ ion transport in a marine pseudomonad. AB - The effect of external Na plus concentration on the transport of K plus was studied using K plus-depleted cells of a marine pseudomonad. K plus transport was found to be a saturable process and requires Na plus. The initial rates for K plus transport over a range of external K plus concentrations were measured in suspensions containing various fixed concentrations of Na plus. Reciprocals of the initial rates for K plus transport were plotted against reciprocals of the external concentration of K plus or Na plus to yield two primary Lineweaver-Burk plots. The experimental data were found to fit bisubstrate enzyme kinetics, with a sequential type mechanism. However, the initial rate data did not allow distinction between ordered or random mechanisms. The results suggest that Na plus and K plus form a ternary complex with a specific K plus carrier molecule on the outer surface of the membrane prior to translocation and the release of K plus inside the cell. PMID- 1116987 TI - Lipid metabolism during bacterial growth, sporulation, and germination: kinetics of fatty acid and macromolecular synthesis during spore germination and outgrowth of Bacillus thuringiensis. AB - The timing and kinetics of fatty acid synthesis are delineated for Bacillus thuringiensis spore germination and outgrowth by analyzing [U-14C]acetate and [2 3H]glycerol incorporation into chloroform-methanol-extractable and trichloroacetic acid-precipitable lipids. In addition to measurement of pulsed and continuous labeling of fatty acids, monitoring the incorporation of radioactive phenylalanine, thymidine, and uridine from the onset of germination through first cell division provides a profile of biochemical activities related to membrane differentiation and cellular development. Upon germination, ribonucleic acid synthesis is initiated, immediately followed by rapid and extensive fatty acid synthesis that in turn precedes protein, deoxyribonucleic acid and triglyceride synthesis. Significantly, formation of fatty acids from acetate exhibits further developmental periodicity in which a large transient increase in fatty acid synthetic activity coincides with the approach of cell division. Radiorespirometric analyses indicates only slight oxidative decarboxylation of acetate and corroborates the extreme involvement of acetate in specific fatty acid biosynthetic reactions throughout cellular modification. These findings graphically demonstrate an intimate association of fatty acid metabolism with commitment to spore outgrowth and subsequent cell division. PMID- 1116988 TI - Tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in the Enterobacteriaceae: some physical properties of the enzymes. AB - Several physical properties of the first four enzymatic activities of the tryptophan pathway were examined using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Five different patterns were noted. Differences in the anthranilate synthetase (AS) and phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase (PRT) defined these patterns. In all the organisms studied phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase and indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase co-eluted from both diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and G-200 and thus probably are contained in a single polypeptide of 50,000 daltons. An AS-PRT complex was found in Citrobacter species, Enterobacter cloacae, and Erwinia dissolvens. In all the other bacteria examined AS and PTR were separate molecules. In Serratia marcescens, S. marinorubra, and Enterobacter liquefaciens, AS was 140,000 daltons and PRT was 45,000 daltons. In Erwinia carotavora and Enterobacter hafniae the AS was the same size as the Serratia species but the PRT was larger at 67,000 daltons. Two Proteus species had an AS and PRT of the same size as E. carotavora and E. halfniae but the Proteus AS was different in that it partially dissociated upon gel filtration. Aeromonas formicans was unique in its possession of an AS with a molecular weight of 220,000. The PRT of A. formicans was found to elute at 67,000 daltons. Possible paths of evolution of the tryptophan enzymes are discussed in terms of the results of this study. The results presented here are also considered with respect to existing taxonomic schemes of the enteric bacteria. PMID- 1116989 TI - Comparative analysis of the lipids of Acinetobacter species grown on hexadecane. AB - A comparative analysis of the cellular and extracellular lipids of Acinetobacter species HO1-N indicated basic physiological differences in hexadecane-grown cells. The cellular lipids obtained from hexadecane-grown cells were characterized by 3- and 18-fold increases in the phospholipid fraction and the mono- and diglyceride fraction, respectively, over that obtained from nutrient broth-yeast extract-grown cells. The cellular-associated pools of hexadecane were shown to comprise approximately 8% of the dry cell weight of hexadecane-grown cells. The extracellular lipids obtained from the culture broths of hexadecane grown cells were comprised of triglyceride, mono- and diglyceride, free fatty acid, and wax ester. These lipids were either absent or present in minor concentrations in the culture broths of nutrient broth-yeast extract-grown cells. The exponential growth of Acinetobacter sp. on hexadecane was characterized by the significant accumulation of free fatty acid, monoglyceride, and diglyceride in the culture medium. Wax ester was shown to represent a minor portion of the extracellular lipids during the exponential growth phase, appearing in significant proportion only after the culture had entered the stationary phase of growth. PMID- 1116990 TI - Regulation of arylsulfatase synthesis by sulfur compounds in Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - In Klebsiella aerogenes, arylsulfatase synthesis was repressed by inorganic sulfate, sulfite, sulfide, thiosulfate, and cysteine, but not by methionine under normal growth conditions. We isolated cysteine-requiring mutants (Cys minus), and mutants (AtsS minus, AtsR minus) in which the regulation of arylsulfatase synthesis was altered. In the cysteine auxotroph, enzyme synthesis was also repressed by inorganic sulfate or cysteine. Kinetic studies on mutants of the cysteine auxotroph showed that inorganic sulfate repressed arylsulfatase synthesis and that this was not due to cysteine formed by reduction of sulfate. Arylsulfatase synthesis in the AtsS minus mutant was not repressed by inorganic sulfate but was repressed by cysteine. This mutant strain had a normal level of inorganic sulfate transport. Another mutant strain, defective in the inorganic sulfate transport system, synthesized arylsulfatase in the presence of inorganic sulfate but not in the presence of cysteine. The AtsS minus mutant could synthesize the enzyme in the presence of inorganic sulfate but not cysteine. The AtsR minus mutant could synthesize the enzyme in the presence of either inorganic sulfate or cysteine. These results suggest that there are two independent functional corepressors of arylsulfatase synthesis in K. aerogenes. PMID- 1116991 TI - Ultrastructure of Chlamydomonas eugametos palmelloids induced by chloroplatinic acid treatment. AB - Palmelloids induced in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos by chloroplatinic acid treatment have been studied electron microscopically. Thin sectioned specimens revealed the multilayer nature of the cell walls after second division within the palmelloid. Although synchrony in cell division is lost, to a certain degree, within the palmelloid, the cells themselves appeared normal, and the presence of normal flagellar structure was confirmed. The presence of the eyespot was observed at the optical level as well as in the freeze-etched specimens. The above results support the hypothesis that the palmelloid condition of Chlamydomonas eugametos induced by chloroplatinic acid is due to an abnormality in cell wall formation rather than flagellar malfunction or loss. PMID- 1116992 TI - Energetics of Bacillus stearothermophilus growth: molar growth yield and temperature effects on growth efficiency. AB - The major growth yield of a prototrophic strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus under aerobic conditions on salts medium containing ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source and glucose or succinate as the carbon source was maximal at the lowest growth temperature employed and decreased steadily as the temperature was raised. The temperature optima for growth yield and for growth rate were thus different. The molar growth yield values of the thermophile, especially at the lower growth temperatures, were similar to those reported for aerobically grown mesophilic bacteria, both on glucose and on succinate. At the higher growth temperatures, a lower proportion of glucose carbon was incorporated into cells and a correspondingly greater proportion was left incompletely utilized in the medium, mostly as acetate. This suggests a greater inefficiency in the coordination of the nonoxidative and oxidative phases of glucose metabolism at the gigher temperatures. Another factor causing a decreased cell yield at higher temperatures was possibly an uncoupling of energy production from respiration. The rates of respiration by intact cells of the thermophile on glucose and on succinate followed the Arrhenius relationship from 55 C to 20 C, which is some 20 C below the minimal growth temperature of the organism. The Arrhenius constant was 17.1 kcal/mol for glucose oxidation and 13.5 kcal/mol for succinate oxidation. These results are comparable to those reported for some mesophiles, and they suggest that the inability of the thermophile to grow at temperatures below about 41 C is not due to an abnormally high temperature coefficient for the uptake and oxidation of the carbon source. PMID- 1116993 TI - Relationship of macromolecular synthesis to competence induction in a group H streptococcus. AB - Group H streptococcus strain Wicky, which was induced to competence for genetic transformation with competence factor (CF) derived from a related strain, displayed reduced rates of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and peptidoglycan synthesis. Pulse-labeling studies revealed that the inhibition of both RNA and peptidoglycan synthesis was maximal at the peak of competence and decreased as competence declined. These studies indicated that competence induction had only a slight effect on the rate of protein synthesis. Trypsin inactivation of CF prevented the reductions in synthesis normally elicited by CF preparations. If the addition of trypsin was delayed until 5 min after the addition of CF, competence induction and decreased synthesis of RNA and peptidoglycan were again apparent. Thus, the alterations in the synthesis of these macromolecules appeared to be related to the induction of competence. Further studies indicated that the apparent reductions in biosynthesis were not caused by decreased uptake of the labeled precursors by intact Wicky cells. In addition, these effects were probably not the result of turnover of macromolecules induced by CF. The lack of turnover of labeled peptidoglycan suggested that competence induction may not involve an autolysin. PMID- 1116994 TI - Metabolic control of urea catabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardi and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. AB - In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi (strain y-1), synthesis of the enzymes required for urea hydrolysis is under substrate induction control by urea and under end product repression control by ammonia. Hydrolysis of urea if effected by the sequential action of the discrete enzymes urea carboxylase and allophanate lyase, collectively called urea amidolyase. The carboxylase converts urea to allophanate in a reaction requiring biotin, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and Mg2+. The lyase hydrolzyes allophanate to ammonium ions and bicarbonate. Neither activity is present in more than trace amounts when cultures are grown with ammonia or urea plus ammonia, or when they are starved for nitrogen for 8 h. Urea in the absence of ammonia induces both activities 10 to 100 times the basal levels. Addition of ammonia to an induced culture causes complete cessation of carboxylase accumulation and an 80% depression of lyase accumulation. Ammonia does not reduce urea uptake by repressed cells, so it does not prevent induction by the mechanism of inducer exclusion. The unicellular green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa (strain 3 Emerson) also has discrete carboxylase and lyase enzymes, but only the carboxylase exhibits metabolic control. PMID- 1116995 TI - Capacity of the outer membrane of a gram-negative marine bacterium in the presence of cations to prevent lysis by Triton X-100. AB - Cells of marine pseudomonad B-16 (ATCC 19855) washed with a solution containing 0.3 M NaCl, 50 mM MgCl2, and 10 mM KCl (complete salts) could be protected from lysis in a hypotonic environment if the suspending medium contained either 20 mM Mg2+, 40 mM Na+, or 300 mM K+. When the outer double-track layer (the outer membrane) of the cell envelope was removed to yield mureinoplasts, the Mg2+, Na+ or K+, requirements to prevent lysis were raised to 80, 210, and 400 mM, respectively. In the presence of 0.1% Triton X-100, 220, 320, and 360 mM Mg2+, Na+ or K+, respectively, prevented lysis of the normal cells. Mureinoplasts and protoplasts, however, lysed instantly in the presence of the detergent at all concentrations of Mg2+, Na+, or K+ tested up to 1.2 M. Thus, the structure of the outer membrane appears to be maintained by appropriate concentrations of Mg2+ or Na+ in a form preventing the penetration of Triton X-100 and thereby protecting the cytoplasmic membrane from dissolution by the detergent. K+ was effective in this capacity with cells washed with complete salts solution but not with cells washed with a solution of NaCl, suggesting that bound Mg2+ was required in the cell wall membrane for K+ to be effective in preventing lysis by the detergent. At high concentrations (1 M) K+ and Mg2+, but not Na+, appeared to destabilize the structure of the outer membrane in the presence of Triton X-100. PMID- 1116996 TI - Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Effects of octanoate, oxidation-reduction state, and adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate ratio. AB - Factors which influence the distribution of pyruvate dehydrogenase between its active, unphosphorylated form (PDHa) and its inactive, phosphorylated form (PDHb) have been examined in isolated rat liver mitochondria. A rapid freezing method was developed for the extraction of pyruvate dehydrogenase from incubated mitochondria which prevented interconversions between PHDa and PDHb which normally occur when mitochondria are collected by centrifugal methods. The intramitochondrial ATP:ADP ration was varied over a 100-fold range by the addition of dinitrophenol, oligomycin, or both substances to mitochondria oxidizing 2-oxoglutarate. PDHa activity was found to be inversely proportional to the intramitochondrial ATP:ADP ratio but was not closely correlated with the extramitochondrial adenine nucleotide levels. When mitochondria were incubated in State 4 with succinate and rotenone, the addition of pyruvate increased PDHa activity more than 10-fold without appreciably altering the mitochondrial ATP:ADP ratio. These observations are most readily explained by the known inhibitory effects of pyruvate and ADP on PDHa kinase. PDHa activity could be maintained at a high level by incubating mitochondria in a condition resembling State 3 by the addition of succinate, glucose, and hexokinase. The further addition of octanoate reduced PDHa activity by 60% without appreciably altering the ATP:ADP ratio. Rotenone had a sililar effect. When added in the presence of octanoate, rotenone further decreased PDHa activity whereas 4-pentenoate led to an increase in activity. The effects of octanoate on PDHa activity were not seen when mitochondria were incubated in the presence of high levels of pyruvate, though pyruvate oxidation was till diminished by over 50%. The data suggest that octanoate addition favors the PDHa kinase reaction leading to inactivation of PDHa, and in addition causes the accumulation of NADH and acetyl-CoA which are recognized competitive inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 1116997 TI - Abnormal induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in leukocytes from subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Human leukocytes isolated from fresh defibinated blood were shown to utilize acetate and mevalonate for sterol synthesis. The capacity of the leukocytes to synthesize sterols is limited severely as compared to their ability to convert mevalonate into farnesyl pyrophosphate (which they hydrolyze rapidly to free farnesol) and into squalene. When leukocytes are incubated in a medium containing lipid-free serum, synthesis of sterols from acetate, but not from mevalonate, is much enhanced. It was shown that this increased synthesis resulted from increased levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in the cells. A comparison was made of the activation of sterol synthesis from acetate in leukocytes of normal individuals and of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemics. The latter group responded to incubation in lipid-free sera with a significantly higher activation than the cells of normocholesterolemics. This activation was shown to be well correlated with a higher induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in the heterozygous cells than in the normals. The leukocytes of a heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic individual were found to release, into a lipid-free incubation medium, more endogenously synthesized [3H]sterol (but not [3H]squalene) than the cells of a normal person. It is suggested that the genetic abnormality in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia could be accounted for by a mutation resulting in a weaker binding of a sterol repressor by heterozygous cells than by normal cells. PMID- 1116998 TI - The use of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance of aromatic amino acid residues to determine the midpoint oxidation-reduction potential of each iron-sulfur cluster of Clostridium acidi-urici and Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxins. AB - 13C NMR of the aromatic residues of Clostridium acidi-urici [Phe2]ferredoxin (a chemically modified ferredoxin in which a phenylalanyl residue replaces a tyrosyl residue) and Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin permits one to distinguish and probe each iron-sulfur (Fe7S7) cluster neighboring the aromatic residues within each protein. This is because the ring carbon resonance shifts of the phenylalanyl and tyrosyl residues can be distinguished. The 13C NMR results suggest that the midpoint oxidation-reduction potentials of the two Fe4S4 clusters in C. pasteurianum and C. acidi-urici ferredoxin differ by 10 plus or minus 5 mv and smaller than mv, respectively. 13C NMR of an equilibrium mixture of methyl viologen-reduced C. acidi-urici and C. pasteurianum ferredoxin shows that the protein midpoint oxidation-reduction potential of C. acidi-urici ferredoxin is 47 plus or minus 10 mv lower than that of C. pasteurianum ferredoxin. We attribute the differences in cluster and protein midpoint oxidation-reduction potentials to differences in protein structure. PMID- 1116999 TI - Heterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains of sulfated bronchial glycoproteins isolated from a patient suffering from cystic fibrosis. AB - Sulfated glycoproteins having blood group H activity were isolated from the sputum of a child suffering from cystic fibrosis, by reduction of the fibrillar mucus, chromatography on ECTEOLA-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. The sulfated glycoproteins were degraded with alkaline borohydride, and the degradation products were fractionated by chromatography on ion exchange resins and by gel filtration. The carbohydrate chains thus obtained have a wide heterogeneity with regard to acidity and molecular size. The neutral chains contain blood group H active oligosaccharides and incomplete chains as short as 1 residue of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose. The minimal size of the neuraminic acid-containing chains is less than that of the sulfated chains, which increases with the degree of sulfation. The sulfate groups are linked at C-6 at the D galactose residues. PMID- 1117000 TI - Synthesis and assembly of HeLa cell plasma membrane glycoproteins and proteins. AB - At least 60 percent of the fucose residues in HeLa cell glycoprotein are nonreducing, terminal, and closely proximal to the protein carbohydrate linkage. As determined by pulse-labeling with (3H) fucose and sizing glycopeptides in Sephadex chromatography these residues are added near the time of completion of oligosaccharide chains. Glycoproteins, the large bulk if not the only macromolecules labeled with radioactive fucose in HeLa cells, were not soluble in ethanol or chloroform-methanol, 2:1, but were substanially solubilized by chloroform-methanol-water, 10:10:3. Folch extraction of labeled cells and analysis of the upper phase revealed little if any (3H) fucose-labeled glycosphingolipids. Studies on the distribution of radioactively labeled glycoprotein in various cell fractions show that in uniform labeling conditions fucosylated glycoproteins accumulate in the plasma membrane specifically. Pulse chase and protein synthesis inhibitor studies show that there is an internal pool of completed fucosylated glycoprotein, taking not less than 12 min to deplete. From this pool newly synthesized glycoprotein moves to the plasma membrane with a transit time of 12 min and little was found soluble in the cell. By contrast, a pool of protein labeled with 14C-aminoacids and precursor to plasma membrane protein is small and depleted almost immediately. From this pool newly synthesized protein molecules move to the plasma membrane with a transit time of less than 2 min. It would appear that these two distinct molecular components of plasma membranes may be assembled into membranes sequentially or into the plasma membrane independently. PMID- 1117001 TI - Prothrombin fragments. Ca2+ binding and activation kinetics. AB - The binding of Ca2+ to prothrombin and the intermediates of prothrombin activation was investigated by equilibrium dialysis using 45Ca2+ as the ligand. Scatchard plots of these data indicate that prothrombin (Mr = 70,000) has 10 to 11 Ca2+ binding sites which can be differentiated in terms of their binding affinity. Six of these Ca2+ binding sites have log Kassoc = 3.5 and all are found intact in the NH2-terminal segment (activation intermediate 3, Mr = 23,000) of the prothrombin molecule. Four or five additional weaker binding sites for Cz2+ with log Kassoc = 2.7 present in prothrombin are found intact in the remaining COOH-segment (activation intermediate 1, Mr = 51,000) of the prothrombin molecule. Upon further activation the Ca2+ binding sites residing in intermediate 1 are found intact in activation intermediate 4 (which constitutes the NH2 terminal segment of the intermediate 1 molecule). The remaining COOH-terminal portion (activation intermediate 2, Mr = 41,000) of the intermediate 1 molecule has no affinity for Ca2+. The activation of prothrombin and activation intermediates 1 and 2 was studied using these activators: Factor Xa alone, Factor Xa-Ca+, AND Factor Xa-Ca2+-phospholipid. The rate of thrombin production from prothrombin was progressively increased as Ca2+ and phospholipid were added to the system, whereas no significant increase in the rates of activation of intermediate 1 and 2 was observed. When Factor V was added to the Factor Xa-Ca2+ phospholipid system, the rate of activation of intermediate 1 was greatly enhanced. In the absence of Ca2+, Factor V had no effect on the rate of thrombin formation from intermediate 1. Factor V had no stimulatory effects on the rate of intermediate 2 activation. However, in the presence of an equimolar amount of intermediate 4, Factor V accelerated the conversion of intermediate 2 to thrombin. These studies indicate that the Ca2+ binding sites of the prothrombin molecule are contained in the "pro" fragment (intermediates 3 and 4) of the prothrombin molecule. Intermediate 1 and intermediate 2, both of which lack the strong Ca2+ binding sites of prothrombin, are poor substrates for the Factor Xa Ca2+-phospholipid complex activation when compared to prothrombin. The addition of Factor V to the catalyst results in acceleration of the activation rate of intermediate 1 and an equimolar mixture if intermediates 2 and 4. These results lead us to conclude that the strong Ca2+ binding sites are the sites of phospholipid binding (intermediate 3), whereas the seak binding sites are the sites of Factor V binding (intermediate 4). PMID- 1117002 TI - Multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. Separation and spectral properties. AB - Multiple forms of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 isolated from immature male rats pretreated with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene are described. Afraction of low specific content (Fraction A. 1.7 TO 4.0 nmol of cytochrome P 450 per mg of protein) and a fraction substantially purified (Fraction B, 9.0 TO 11.0 NMOL of cytochrome P-450 per mg of protein) are obtained by DEAE-cellulose chromatography of a partially purified cytochrome P-450 preparation in the presence of Emulgen 911. Shifts in the absorption maxima in the CO-reduced and ethyl isocyanide difference spectra are observed in the fractions derived from 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rats. The fractions derived from phenobarbital-treated rats exhibit different 455:430 ratios and pH intercepts in the ethyl isocyanide difference spectra. The absolute oxidized spectra and n-octylamine binding spectra at room temperature and EPR analysis at the temperature of liquid helium characterize all the fractions, except the Fraction A from 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats, as low spin ferric hemeproteins. The A hemeprotein fractions from both 3-methylcholanthrene- and phenobarbital-treated rats have poor catalytic activity for the metabolism of benzphentamine and 3,4-benzo-[a]pyrene in comparison to the B hemeprotein fractions which may be due to the presence of a high concentration of Emulgen 911 in the A fractions. However, the presence of Emulgen 911 cannot account for the spectral differences among the fractions. PMID- 1117003 TI - Studies on the mechanism of covalent incorporation of a lysergyl derivative to immunoglobulin peptides in vitro. AB - In vitro incubation of hyperimmune rabbit lymphoid cells with the hallucinogenic indole alkaloid, d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), results in biosynthesis of modified, secretable immunoglobulin peptides. Modification involves covalent attachment of the lysergyl moiety to COOH-terminal portions of the peptides. Aalogous effects occur when cells are incubated in vitro in the presence of the non-hallucinogenic LSD analogue, d-lysergic acid, and N-[3H]-carboxymethyl-d lysergamide. The phenomenon is reversed by tryptophan and is inhibited by puromycin and cycloheximide. In vitro attachment of the lysergyl moiety occurs in the presence of actinomycin D at levels which inhibit RNA synthesis. While LSD is not attached to intracellular tRNA, the drug binds to 80 S ribosomes from hyperimmune lymphoid cells with high affinity (K A equals 3.5 times 10-8 M-1). Similar binding occurs to nonimmune splenic ribosomes. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the degree of involvement of cellular protein translational mechanisms in the covalent attachment of the lysergyl moiety to low molecular weight immunoglobulin peptides. PMID- 1117004 TI - Sequential changes in the protein synthetic activity of male Xenopus laevis liver following induction of egg-yolk proteins by Estradiol-17 beta. AB - Administration of a single injection of estradiol-17 beta to adult male Xenopus laevis induces the synthesis and secretion by the liver of the egg-yolk protein complex vitellogenin. Explants taken from livers of hormone-treated animals and maintained in organ culture continue to produce this protein at a rate which is dependent on the length of time between estrogen injection of the donor and preparation of the explants. Organ culture, therefore, can be used to quantitate the vitellogenic response and to study its time course in detail. An increase in the rate of incorporation of radioactive amino acids into secreted protein is first detectable in explants taken from animals 12 hours after estradiol injection. The response becomes increasingly pronounced as the period after hormone treatment of the donors is prolonged, and it is maximal in explants taken from frogs 12 days after estrogen administration. At this time production of vitellogenin can account for as much as 90 per cent of total protein synthesis in the liver. Labeling of intracellular protein with [14C]serine is stimulated 2 fold and incorporation into secreted protein increased 36-fold under conditions where the rate or extent of uptake of radioactive precursor into the acid-soluble pool does not change. After a lag period of 2 to 4 hours the secretion of vitellogenin in culture continues at a constant rate for up to 3 days. At least part of the stability of yolk protein synthesis in culture is attributable to long lived messenger RNA species. The major component of vitellogenin labeled wither in vivo or in culture has a molecular weight of approximately 180,000 as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Material labeled with [3H]serine gives a similar distribution of radioactivity on gel electrophoresis as that labeled with [35S]methionine, with no peak corresponding to the molecular weight of phosvitin. It is suggested that phosvitin is not a primary product of translation but is synthesized as part of the large subunit of vitellogenin. PMID- 1117005 TI - Glucocorticoid inhibition of protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro. AB - In young adult rats receiving glucocorticoids in pharmacological amounts, the accumulation proteins in the liver was suppressed. In vivo pulse-labeling experiments showed that inhibition of protein synthesis in the liver was an early effect of a single dose of glucocorticoid followed by a stimulation of protein synthesis. In animals receiving multiple doses of glucocorticoid over a period of a few days, a more pronounced inhibition in protein synthesis was observed, and the secondary stimulation of protein synthesis did not occur. These in vivo observations were paralleled by the results with cell-free protein-synthesizing systems, which indicated that the glucocorticoid inhibitory effect was imparted to the soluble fraction of the liver. PMID- 1117006 TI - On the sequence of reactions leading to cytochrome P-450 synthesis-effect of drugs. AB - The effect of phenobarbital on the rates of the synthesis of the protein and heme moieties of cytochromeP-450 has been studied. For this purpose, cytochrome P-450 has been partially purified as its P-420 derivative and the labeled amino acid incorporation into the protein has been studied after subjecting a partially purified preparation to sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The incorporation studies into the protein species after sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis reveal that the drug primarily accelerates the rate of apoptotein synthesis followed by an increase in the rate of heme synthesis. The messenger for apocytochrome P-450 appears to be fairly stable. PMID- 1117007 TI - Studies on a 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from human placenta. Purification and partial characterization. AB - A 15-dyroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase has been purified from human placenta to apparent monodispersity. The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme is freely reversible with an equilibrium constant of approximately 6.5 times 10-8 M. The activation energy is 9900 calories per mol. The molecular weight of the enzyme determined by gel filtration is 51,500; sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis gives a value of 42,000. No evidence was obtained for the existence of multiple forms of the enzyme or for subunits. PMID- 1117008 TI - The degradative effects of porphyrins and heme compounds on components of the microsomal mixed function oxidase system. AB - The effects of in vitro treatment of the hepatic microsomal fraction with various porphyrin compounds on the activity and the content of the heme-containing components of the mixed function oxidase system were studied. The compounds examined were hematin, methemalbumin (with heme to protein molar ratio of 13:1 or 1:1), mesohemalbumin, bilirubin, biliverdin, mesoporphyrin IX, and protoprophyrin IX. The activity of the system was monitored by measuring its oxidative activity for the type I and type II substrates, ethylmorphine and aniline, respectively; as well as the microsomal contents of cytochrome P-450 and b5 and 14C-labeled heme, Mesoporphyrin IX was found to be most effective in inhibiting the oxidative activity of the mixed function oxidase system as well as in decreasing the microsomal contents of cytochromes P-450, b5, and heme. Biliverdin exerted no effect on these parameters. Hematin and the other compounds studied exerted variable inhibitory effects on the system. The degradative and inhibitory effects of protoporphvrin IX and mesoporphyrin IS could be blocked significantly by conducting the studies in the dark. The presence of biliverdin decreased the inhibitory effects of the porphyrins on the system; conversely the effects could be magnified in the presence of deuterium oxide. It is suggested that the mechanism by which porphyrins inhibit the mixed function oxidase system is through porphyrin-sensitized photo-oxidation of various constituents of the hepatic microsomal fraction and that the formation of singlet oxygen molecules is most likely involved in this process. Moreover the destructive effects of heme compounds on the microsomal components and activities of the drug-metabolizing mixed function oxidase system raise questions concerning the hypothesis that the components of this system, and specifically cytochrome P-450, are involved in the activity of the heme oxygenase system. PMID- 1117010 TI - A theoretical model for the covalent assembly of immunoglobulins. Application to the assembly of human immunoglobulin G in vitro. AB - A simple theoretical model for the formation of interchain disulfide bonds (covalent assembly) in immunoglobulins has been developed. This model successfully simulates the experimentally determined sequence of disulfide bond formation in vitro for human immunoglobulin G1 and G4 (Petersen, J. G. L., and Dorrington, K. J. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 5633-5641). The model appears to be generally applicable suggesting that the various pathways of covalent assembly observed in vivo and in vitro reflect structural differences between the immunoglobulin classes and subclasses. The rate of assembly, however, is dependent upon environmental factors. PMID- 1117009 TI - The control of the synthesis of pyruvate carboxylase in Pseudomonas citronellolis. Evience from double labeling studies. AB - The level of pyruvate carboxylase in Pseudmonas citronellolis is controlled by the carbon source of the growth medium. The activity of the enzyme is highest in cells grown on lactate or glucose and virtually absent in cells grown on malate or aspartate. Double labeling studies with 3H- and 14C-labeled leucine confirm that pyruvate carboxylase is synthesized in the presence of lactate but not in the presence of aspartate. The studies also show that coordinated regulation occurs at the level of the synthesis of the two polypeptides which make up pyruvate carboxylase in P. citronellolis, rather than at the stages of their assembly into protomers or the biotinylation of the apoenzyme. There is no evidence for control of the catalytic acitivity of the holoenzyme via effectors. In all other varieties of pyruvate carboxylase examined thus far, the enzyme appears to be constitutive with regulation accomplished either through effector modulation of holoenzyme activity (pyruvate carbox-lase from animal sources, yeast, several species of bacteria) or through control of the biotinylation of the apoenzyme by holocarboxylase synthetase (Bacillus stearothermophilus, yeast). PMID- 1117012 TI - Overbed table used for studio stand. PMID- 1117011 TI - High-contrast copying. PMID- 1117013 TI - Pocket strobes for close-up work. PMID- 1117014 TI - Simple and rapid access contrast enhancement of electron micrographs. PMID- 1117015 TI - Surgical photography through sterile bags. PMID- 1117016 TI - An experiment in fetal surgery. PMID- 1117017 TI - Microscopy and photomicrography. Part III. PMID- 1117018 TI - A new look at osteogenesis imperfecta. A clinical, radiological and biochemical study of forty-two patients. AB - In a clinical, radiological and biochemical study of forty-two patients from Oxford with osteogenesis imperfecta, it was found that patients could be divided simply into mild, moderate and severe groups according to deformity of long bones. In the severe group (seventeen patients) a family history of affected members was uncommon and fractures began earlier and were more frequent than in the mild group (twenty-two patients); sixteen patients in the severe group had scoliosis and eleven had white sclerae; no patients in the mild group had white sclerae or scoliosis. Radiological examination of the femur showed only minor modelling defects in patients in the mild group, whereas in the severe group five distinct appearances of bone (thin, thick, cystic and buttressed bones, and those with hyperplastic callus) were seen. The polymeric (structural) collagen from skin was unstable to depolymerisation in patients in the severe group, but normal in amount, whereas the reverse was found in the mild group. This division according to long bone deformity may provide, a basis for future research more useful than previous classifications. PMID- 1117019 TI - Equinus deformity due to haemangioma of calf muscle. AB - Joint deformity secondary to extensive haemangiomatous involvement of the soft tissues has been well described and is easy to diagnose. If the haemangioma is small, localised and within the belly of a muscle the diagnosis is more difficult. In equinus deformity of obscure aetiology localised calf tenderness may be the only diagnostic sign. Three children with equinus deformity caused by a small haemangioma in the calf muscles were treated by simple excision with satisfactory results. PMID- 1117020 TI - Reflections upon the aetiology of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. With a note on cranio-cleido dysostosis. AB - The cause of pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is obscure. Right-sidedness is an almost constant feature. We have proposed that the lesion is sometimes due to pressure upon the developing clavicle by the subclavian artery which is normally at a higher level on the right side. This may be accentuated in the presence of cervical ribs or unduly elevated first ribs, both of which we have observed in association with pseudarthrosis. We have also noted pseudarthrosis on the left side in association with dextrocardia (when the relative positions of the subclavian arteries are reversed) and in the presence of a large left cervical rib. We have speculated upon the nature of the clavicular defect in cranio-cleido dysostosis, in which disorder the first ribs are habitually elevated. A similar mechanism may be involved. PMID- 1117021 TI - The management of local complications of total hip replacement by the McKee Farrar technique. AB - One thousand and forty-two McKee-Farrar prostheses of the present design inserted in Norwich from January 1965 to December 1972 have been reviewed retrospectively to determine the incidence of complications needing revision. Of prostheses implanted for more than two years, 6-6 per cent needed revision for loosening (cup 3-5 per cent; stem 2-2 per cent; both components 0-9 per cent). Of the total number, 2-3 per cent became infected and 1-9 per cent dislocated. Most dislocations needed only a single closed reduction but 0-8 per cent were revised. The outcome of revision operations was also assessed. Of revisions for loosening, 40 per cent needed no further operation but 23 per cent required excision; pelvic fracture or bone destruction around the components made success unlikely. Revisions for dislocation were disappointing. Of all revisions 17 per cent became infected. Excision arthroplasty is better than a series of failed revisions in an elderly patient. PMID- 1117022 TI - Acetabular development in congenital dislocation of the hip. With special reference to the indications for acetabuloplasty and pelvic or femoral realignment osteotomy. AB - This investigation examined the validity of the hypothesis that the acetabulum in congenital dislocation of the hip will develop satisfactorily provided accurate congruous and concentric reduction is obtained as early as possible, and is maintained throughout growth. Seventy-two patients with eighty-five hips were studied. The children were more than one year old on admission and over ten years at the time of review. Acetabular development was assessed radiologically by measurement of the acetabular angle. Angles of less than 21 degrees were regarded as normal, and more than 21 degrees as indicating some failure of development. Satisfactory acetabular development occurred in 80 per cent (angles 24 degrees or below), and was unsatisfactory in 20 per cent (angles above 24 degrees). If three errors in management, namely failure to obtain congruity, failure to maintain congruity and ischaemic necrosis secondary to manipulative reductions, are excluded from the analysis, it is found that 95 per cent of acetabula develop satisfactorily. The outcome is largely independent of the age on admission up to four years old, and of bilateral involvement. It is concluded that acetabuloplasty should not be necessary if the patient is admitted under the age of four or congruity is obtained in the functional position under four and a half years. PMID- 1117023 TI - The Walldius hinge arthroplasty. AB - Eighty-three Walldius arthroplasties, performed by one surgeon as salvage operation on the knee joint between 1966 and 1972, were independently reviewed. The fifty-seven living patients with sixty-seven arthroplasties were interviewed and examined and the clinical records of the deceased patients were inspected. Sixty-seven arthroplasties (81 per cent) were successful and sixteen failed (19 per cent). Acrylic cement was used to secure the prosthesis on eight occasions only. There were two primary infections (2-4 per cent) and two delayed (2-4 per cent). Major loosening occurred in three arthroplasties (3-6 per cent). Minor loosening was compatible with a good result. Arthrodesis was successful on the two occasions on which it became necessary to remove the implant. There were no disasters. On the basis of these results it is considered that the Walldius arthroplasty can justifiably be offered as an alternative to primary arthrodesis of the knee. PMID- 1117024 TI - Popliteal cysts in children. The case against surgery. AB - The natural history of 120 popliteal cysts in children has been reviewed. Of seventy untreated cysts fifty-one disappeared spontaneously during a mean period of one year and eight months. Of fifty cysts submitted to operation, twenty-one recurred in a mean period of seven months. Three children with recurrences had more than one further operation. Most popliteal cysts in children disappear spontaneously, and operation without very good reason is unjustified. PMID- 1117025 TI - Link arthroplasty of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints. A preliminary report of a new method. AB - Link arthroplasty is a system of joint replacement in which the joint is left almost intact with no great removal of bone. It is based on a two-piece self locking hinge slotted into the metacarpal head and phalangeal shaft. The operation is simple and no special instruments are needed. The preliminary follow up of fifty-four metacarpo-phalangeal joint replacements showed thirty-five good and sixteen fair results. PMID- 1117026 TI - Benign chondroblastoma of bone. Report of a case. AB - A benign chondroblastoma of bone is reported. It was unusual because it occurred in an old lady, in a toe, and it was not painful and radiologically resembled a chondroma. The coarsely lobulated tumour showed a varied microscopic appearance, but it consisted chiefly of closely packed sheets of small, round polygonal or fusiform cells. There was some calcification present. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 1117027 TI - Hangman's fracture. AB - Of four hangman's fractures of the axis, three occurred in road accidents and were stable, undisplaced and free of neurological signs, with full recovery after six to twelve weeks in a cervical collar. The fourth fracture occurred in a fall with profound tetraparesis from haemorrhage into the spinal cord, and the patient died a week later. There are two types of hangman's fracture: that of the axis pedicle, which results from extension and compression of the cervical column, is more common than usually supposed because of the slight symptoms it causes. PMID- 1117028 TI - An investigation of the centres of pressure under the foot while walking. AB - The forces under the foot while walking have been measured using a high sensitivity force-plate of the strip-suspended type combined with simultaneous filming of the sole of the foot. The recording of data and the calculation and plotting of results were much simplified by computer aid. Normal and abnormal feet, both barefoot and shod, were investigated in sixteen subjects. It was found that in normal barefoot walking the forefoot carried a total load of the order of three times that of the heel. When footwear was worn the function of the forefoot was progressively reduced as the rigidity of the sole of the shoe increased. Painful conditions of the forefoot also produced a large reduction in the proportion of the total load transferred. PMID- 1117029 TI - Actin filaments in the acrosomal reaction of Limulus sperm. Motion generated by alterations in the packing of the filaments. AB - When Limulus sperm are induced to undergo the acrosomal reaction, a process, 50 mum in length, is generated in a few seconds. This process rotates as it elongates; thus the acrosomal process literally screws through the jelly of the egg. Within the process is a bundle of filaments which before induction are coiled up inside the sperm. The filament bundle exists in three stable states in the sperm. One of the states can be isolated in pure form. It is composed of only three proteins whose molecular weights (mol wt) are 43,000, 55,000, and 95,000. The 43,000 mol wt protein is actin, based on its molecular weight, net charge, morphology, G-F transformation, and heavy meromyosin (HMM) binding. The 55,000 mol wt protein is in equimolar ratio to actin and is not tubulin, binds tenaciously to actin, and inhibits HMM binding. Evidence is presented that both the 55,000 mol wt protein and the 95,000 mol wt protein (possibly alpha-actinin) are also present in Limulus muscle. Presumably these proteins function in the sperm in holding the actin filaments together. Before the acrosomal reaction, the actin filaments are twisted over one another in a supercoil; when the reaction is completed, the filaments lie parallel to each other and form an actin paracrystal. This change in their packing appears to give rise to the motion of the acrosomal process and is under the control of the 55,000 mol wt protein and the 95,000 mol wt protein. PMID- 1117031 TI - Protein migration into nuclei. II. Frog oocyte nuclei accumulate a class of microinjected oocyte nuclear proteins and exclude a class of microinjected oocyte cytoplasmic proteins. AB - Nuclear contents or cytoplasm from Xenopus oocytes labeled with (35-S)methionine or (3-H)proline (donor oocytes) were reinjected into unlabeled oocytes (recipient oocytes). The radioactivity injected as nuclear contents was found to enter and accumulate in the recipient oocyte nucleus. In contrast, the radioactivity injected as cytoplasm was found to enter but not to accumulate in the recipient oocyte nucleus. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis of the nucleus and cytoplasm of donor oocytes revealed the existence of three classes of labeled proteins in these oocytes: those proteins found predominantly in the nucleus (N proteins), those found predominantly in the cytoplasm (C proteins), and those found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm at similar concentrations (B proteins). SDS gel electrophoresis of the nucleus and cytoplasm of recipient oocytes showed that N proteins entered and accumulated in the nucleus but that B proteins partitioned about equally between the nucleus and cytoplasm. A similar analysis of oocytes injected with labeled cytoplasm showed that C proteins did not enter the nucleus but again B proteins partitioned about equally between the nucleus and cytoplasm. PMID- 1117030 TI - Studies on the synthesis and intracellular transport of lipoprotein particles in rat liver. AB - Lipoprotein particles (d less than 1.03 g/ml) were isolated from rough and smooth microsomes and from the Golgi apparatus of rat liver, and were characterized chemically and morphologically. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) particles were rich in protein (50%) and contained phospholipids (PLP) and triglycerides (TG) in smaller amounts, whereas the lipoprotein particles emanating from the smooth ER, and especially the Golgi apparatus, were rich in TG and PLP, resembling very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) of serum. The difference in chemical composition among the particles was associated with change in size both in situ and in isolated lipoprotein fractions. The rough ER particles were 200 800 A in diameter (mean similar to 420 A); the smooth er particles 200-900 A (mean similar to 520 A); the Golgi particles 350-950 A (mean similar to 580A); and serum VLDL 300-800 A (mean similar to 450 A). Generally, lipoprotein particles were rare in the rough ER, frequent but diffusely dispersed in smooth ER, and occurring mainly in clusters in "secretory vesicles" of the Golgi complex. They were seldom observed in the cisternal compartments of the Golgi complex. At short intervals (less than 15 min), intravenously injected radioactive glycerol was preferentially channelled into TG, whereas at later time points the majority of the isotope was recovered in the PLP. Three TG pools were distinguished: (a) a cytoplasmic pool with a slow turnover rate; (b) a membrane associated TG pool; and (c) a pool corresponding to the TG moiety of lipoprotein particles, which showed the highest initial rate of labeling and fastest turnover. When, after pulse labeling, the appearance of incorporation of radioactive glycerol into TG or PLP of isolated lipoproteins was followed from one subcellular fraction to the other, a sequence of labeling was noted. During the first interval, TG from both rough and smooth microsomal lipoproteins displayed a high rate of labeling with peak value at 6 min, followed by a quick fall-off, while the Golgi lipoproteins reached maximal level at 10-20 min after administration. There was an interval of 10-15 min before the appearance of labeled VLDL in serum. It is concluded that the assembly of the apoproteins and lipid moieties into lipoprotein particles-presumed to be precursors of liver VLDL begins in the rough ER and continues in the smooth ER. Also, there is a parallel change in chemical composition and size of the lipoprotein particles as they make their way through the ER and the Golgi apparatus. Some remodeling of the particles may take place in the Golgi apparatus before discharge into the circulation. PMID- 1117032 TI - Evidence for firm linkages between microtubules and membrane-bounded vesicles. AB - Direct evidence is presented in support of the widely held idea that membrane bounded vesicles can bind firmly to microtubules. This is shown in P. caudatum which contains ribbons of straight microtubules located in open cytoplasm and uniquely associated with the disk-shaped vesicles. These vesicles frequently lie flat against the face of the ribbons at a constant distance of 30-40 nm. Under certain conditions the ribbons are compressed into zigzag pattern, but the vesicles continue to maintain their 30-40 nm spacing with the tubules and The author's interpretation of this phenomena is that the vesicles and the microtubules are strongly bound together. This interaction appears to be via a filamentous material rather than bridges. PMID- 1117033 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic studies of reactions and structural relationships of steroids. II. Positions 3, 11, and 20 in the pregnane series. AB - Qualitative and quantitative effects of classical reactions on steroids observed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) under standardized conditions, including the double internal standard technique, are reported. Simple procedures applicable to nanogram amounts of reactants which afford excellent yields of the major products are described. Reactions studied include the Wolff-Kishner removal of keto groups (WK), their conversion to hydroxyl groups by NaBH4(RD), and to dioxolone derivatives by ethylene glycol (DO); the conversion of hydroxyl to keto groups by CrO3 (OX), and to TMS ethers by hexamethyldisilazane; the hydrolysis of dioxolone and TMS derivatives by H+ (HY). GLC chromatograms of reaction mixtures of single and multistep reactions readily provide information on effects on functional groups at positions 3, 11, and 20 in the pregnane series, and the retention times of many steroids unavailable from commercial or other sources. GLC data analysis provides relationships between steroid structure and retention time from which methods for the computation of retention times and for steroid identification are designed. The accuracy of the computation methods is demonstrated. PMID- 1117034 TI - Determination of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite in plasma by high-speed liquid chromatography. AB - A liquid-chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of carbamazepine and its active metabolite (carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide) in plasma has been developed. The two compounds were identified in plasma by mass spectrometry. The lower limit of sensitivity is about 4 and 40 ng for the drug and its metabolite, respectively. 10,11-Dihydrocarbamazepine is used as internal standard for the determinations, which have precisions of 2.2 and 4.2%, respectively. No derivatization is needed. The specificity of the method for carbamazepine is shown by the significant correlation (r = 0.99) between the results obtained by this method and by mass fragmentography for the drug in plasma of patients. PMID- 1117035 TI - Affinity electrophoresis. I. Studies to optimise conditions. PMID- 1117036 TI - A new method for the rapid isolation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from smoked meat products. PMID- 1117037 TI - Elution behavior of gamma-L-glutamyl-L-aspartic acid during ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 1117038 TI - Investigation of direct thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry as a drug analysis technique. PMID- 1117039 TI - Automated single-column analysis of amino acids using ascorbic acid as reductant for air-stable ninhydrin. AB - The procedure for operation of a constant-temperature, single-column automated amino acid analyser in the sub-nanomole range is described. The cycle time for a complete analysis is 90 min including equilibration for next cycle. Eluting buffers can be made in the laboratory or commercially available concentrates (Pico-Buffers) can be used. A novel reducing agent, ascorbic acid, incorporated into the column buffers was used to reduce air-stable ninhydrin. PMID- 1117040 TI - Agar derivatives for chromatography, electrophoresis and gel-bound enzymes. III. Rigid agarose gels cross-linked with divinyl sulphone (dvs). AB - Agarose cross-linked with divinyl sulphone (DVS) is a new matrix for chromatography and immobilized enzymes that has distinct advantages over common agarose gels. It has outstanding mechanical stability as compared with these gels, and the rigid gel beads form beds permitting very high flow-rates. In addition, DVS-agarose is superior to agarose gels with respect to chemical stability in acid and neutral media. In alkaline solutions above pH 8, there is a slow elimination of the sulphone-containing bridges, but without noticeable concomitant dissolution of the gels below pH 12 for moderately or highly cross linked gels. The DVS-agarose is sufficiently thermostable to be heated in an autoclave. PMID- 1117041 TI - Specific quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of methyldopa and some foreign related amino acids in raw material and commercial tablets. AB - A relatively simple gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) procedure has been designed for the rapid detection and accurate quantitation of some theoretically possible foreign related amino acid contaminants in alpha-methyldopa raw material and commercial tablets. After trimethylsilylation of the drug or drug mixture with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide in acetonitrile at ambient temperature for 90 min, the derivatives are eluted from a methylsilicone column isothermally at 170 degrees. Quantitation of the components is effected by simple computation relative to dibenzyl succinate as the internal standard. The results obtained by applying the GLC procedure to the analysis of a number of multicomponent synthetic mixtures are in good agreement with the theoretical values. The percentage of label claim values obtained by the GLC method for commercial tablets are compared to those measured colorimetrically by the official U.S.P. procedure. No foreign related amino acid impurities were detected in any of the three commercial dosage forms examined. PMID- 1117042 TI - Ionic effects in the chromatography of proteins on columns of controlled-pore glass. AB - Bovine serum albumin, acetylcholinesterase and two non-protein markers were chromatographed on columns of controlled-pore glasses in buffer solutions of varied ionic strengths. Adsorption of protein to the glass and ionic effects due to repulsion of the negatively-charged solutes from the glass matrix were observed. When glasses were treated with Carbowax 20M, the adsorption disappeared but ion exclusion effects persisted. The ionic behavior of Carbowax-treated glasses was similar to that observed by one of the authors when using agarose columns. PMID- 1117043 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic separation of methadone and its primary metabolite in the presence of other drugs in urine specimens. AB - Three solvent systems for thin-layer chromatography have been developed for methadone and its primary metabolite (2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3 diphenylpyrrolidine). These solvent systems separate methadone and its primary metabolite, and are not interfered by other drugs of abuse in urine specimens. PMID- 1117044 TI - The removal of organic matter with a weakly basic macroreticular ion-exchange resin. A case history. AB - Natural waters containing organic pollutants have a strong tendency to foul anionic exchange resins irremediably. The use of various types of scavenging resins is discussed and results are given on trials carried out at a chemical plant. The conclusion is drawn that a proper analysis of organic matter present in water cannot be made and that consequently it is difficult to determine which types of scavengers are the most suitable. The paper suggests a principle of calculating weakly basic macroreticular resins into the flow system so as to function both as a scavenger and a weakly basic ion-exchange resin. PMID- 1117045 TI - Sterols of the cockle Cerastoderma edule. Evaluation of thermostable liquid phases for the gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the trimethylsilyl ethers of marine sterols. AB - Some recent liquid phases for gas-liquid chromatography with improved thermostability have been evaluated for their use in the gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of the complex mixtures of sterol trimethylsilyl ethers obtained, often in small amounts, from marine organisms. A combination of Dexsil 300 GC, SE-30 "ultraphase" and Silar 5CP is recommended for use in this technique because of the excellent separating efficiency and the very low substrate bleed. GC-MS analysis of the sterol trimethylsilyl ethers obtained from the cockle Cerastoderma edule has established the identity and relative proportions of the eleven sterols present. PMID- 1117046 TI - Analysis of the diazinon metabolites G 27550 and GS 31144 by gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen-specific detection after derivatization. AB - The alkylation and silylation of the diazinon metabolites G 27550 (2-isopropyl-4 methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine) and GS 31144 [2-(1'-hydroxy-1'-methyl)-ethyl-4-methyl 6-hydroxypyrimidine] with methyl iodide/sodium hydride and bis-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, respectively, were examined for use as confirmation techniques for these metabolites in sample material. The methods proved to be rapid and simple. The derivatives chromatographed well on 4% SE-30/6% QF-1. Electrolytic conductivity detection proved satisfactory for the derivatives with minimum cleanup. The techniques were successfully applied to the analysis of the two metabolites in dog urine in the range of 1 ppm. PMID- 1117047 TI - Omega-aminohexyl-sepharose 4B, a new support for tRNA fractionation. PMID- 1117048 TI - A solvent system for the separation of steroids with estrogenic and progestational activity by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1117049 TI - Mass spectrometric identification of the thermal decomposition products of N-(p toluenesulfonyl)-N'-(aza-bicyclo-(3.3.0.) octyl) urea (S-852). AB - A study was made on the thermal decomposition products of S-852. The identification of the degradation products separated on a 3% OV-17 glass column was obtained by means of the mass spectrometric technique PMID- 1117050 TI - Changes in plasma growth hormone levels in normal and acromegalic subjects following administration of 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine. AB - 2-Bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154), AN ERGOT ALKALOID THAT STIMulates dopaminergic receptors, caused a widely varying, but significant increase in plasma GH levels in normal subject whereas a marked and protractedfall in values was observed in some patients with acromegaly. It is suggested that these effects were mediated by activation of either hypothalamic or hypophyseal dopaminergic receptors. The fact that GH values fell to or near normal levels in 4/8 cases suggests that CB-154 may have therapeutic possibilities in acromegaly. PMID- 1117051 TI - Growth hormone responses following double pulse oral glucose administration in various clinical states. AB - The 8-h double pulse oral glucose test is proposed as an alternative screening procedure for determining the adequacy of growth hormone (GH) release. The second pulse of glucose is timely in suppressing GH release and delaying it for a more predictable controlled elevation. Peak GH (mean plus or minus SD) values following the double pulse glucose test were 17 plus or minus 10.2, 16.5 plus or minus 2.2, and 1.3 plus or minus 0.5 ng/ml in normal controls, short stature patients and GH deficient patients, respectively. Peak GH values following insulin hypoglycemia were 36.9 plus or minus 13.8, 21.9 plus or minus 23.0 and 1.8 plus or minus 1.1 ng/ml in normal controls, short stature patients and GH deficient patients. Peak GH values during a 5-h oral glucose tolerance test were 16.4 plus or minus 6.0 and 10.2 plus or minus 3.3 ng/ml in normal controls and short patients, respectively. These differences in peak GH values between the various clinical and control groups were not significantly different except for the greater GH peak values reached in short patients in the double pulse glucose test compared to the 5-h oral glucose tolerance test. The rise in GH following double pulse oral glucose is more timely predictab-e than after the 5-h oral glucose test and involves less professional time than the insulin tolerance test as it does not require close medical supervision. PMID- 1117052 TI - The excretion of 2-hydroxyestrone during the menstrual cycle. AB - A double isotope derivative determination technique was developed to investigate the excretion of 2-hydroxyestrone inhuman menstrual cycle. The method is highly specific, accurate and precise within the range of 0.2-20 nmol 2 hydroxyestrone/20ml of urine. The amounts of 2-hydroxyestrone excreted during menstrual cycle varied between 10 (proliferation phase) and 60 mug/24 h urine (ovulatory peak), which is comparable to that of estriol, supposed hitherto to be the main excretion product of estrogen metabolism. PMID- 1117053 TI - Aromatization of androstenedione by isolated human hairs. AB - The formation of (3-H) estrone has been demonstrated in human anagen scalp hair roots incubated with (1, 2, 6, 7-3H) androstenedione, and approximate rates of formation of 0.2 pmol of estrone/mg DNA/h were observed. Thus, hair is a potential site for the extraglandular formation of estrogen in man. PMID- 1117054 TI - Effect of alanine and glycine on glucagon secretion in postabsorptive and fasting obese man. AB - Changes in blood levels of glucagon, insulin and glucose in response to infusions of alanine and glycine have been studied in postabsorptive and fasting obese human subjects. Four-to-five-fold elevations of baseline plasma alanine levels stimulated glucagon secretion significantly. Supraphysiological plasma levels of glycine had a small but insignificant stimulatory effect on glucagon secretion. The glucose increase (6 to 10 mg per 100 ml) observed within 30 min of a supraphysiologic alanine infusion in subjects fasted for 2 or more weeks may be secondary to glucagonmediated glycogen breakdown. However, despite equivalent glucagon rises in the other two study periods, no significant rise in blood sugar was noted during the period of infusion. PMID- 1117055 TI - Intra-uterine treatment of a hypothyroid fetus. AB - A woman in her 24th week of gestation was referred for treatment of hypothyroidism, after she underwent radioablation of the thyroid during the 13th week of gestation. Because of the high risk of hypothyroidism in the fetus, prenatal administration of intramuscular T-4 to the fetus was begun at 32 weeks. The last dose of T-4 was given 2 weeks before delivery; cord blood levels of T-4 and T-3 were undetectable and the TSH concentration was markedly elevated. The case illustrates several important physiological concepts regarding thyroid hormone and TSH metabolism in the fetal-placental unit, including the minimal placental permeability to iodothyronines and TSH, independent function (including feedback control) of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and the TSH response at parturition. In addition we suggest that administration of T-4 to the hypothyroid fetus in utero is an acceptable modality of treatment and may help to minimize irreversible mental retardation in known high risk infants. However, further studies are necessary to assess the effectiveness and safety of this approach. PMID- 1117056 TI - A cycle of plasma testosterone in the human male. AB - The object of the study was to assess the lability of testosterone levels in plasma of normal human males over a long period of time and to search for periodicities in changing levels. Blood samples obtained from 20 healthy young men every second day for 2 months were assayed for total testosterone concentration by radioligand saturation analysis with late-pregnancy plasma. The flucturations of plasma testosterone levels over the total time span were substantial for most individuals; the coefficients of variation ranged from 14 to 42% (median 21%). The presence of periodic functions in these fluctuations was tested by 4 different, relatively independent methods. Close agreement among at least 3 analytic methods was found for 12 out of the 20 subjects. These 12 subjects had cycles of plasma testosterone levels with periods ranging between 8 30 days, with a cluster of periods around 20-22 days. The majority of such cycles were significant at least at the 5% level. The mean amplitudes of these cycles ranged from 9 to 28% of the subjects' mean testosterone levels (average 17%). PMID- 1117057 TI - Spontaneous fluctuations of human placental lactogen during normal pregnancy. AB - Six women in the 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy had measurements of circulating placental lactogen (hPL) levels using a continuous blood sampling technique for 10-15 h. In addition, in 3 pregnant women hPL was assayed at 10-min intervals for 60-90 min. Both these procedures showed that hPL serum levels fluctuate irregularly during normal pregnancy. The magnitude and frequency of these fluctuations make the significance of a single hPL determination less reliable as a test of placental function. PMID- 1117058 TI - Circulating estradiol, estrone and gonadotropin levels following the administration of orally active 17beta-estradiol in postmenopausal women. AB - Ingestion of a single tablet containing 2 mg micronized 17beta-estradiol (E-2) produced marked increases in the serum concentrations of E-2 and estrone (E-1) in 9 postmenopausal women. The rise in circulating E-2 became significant within 2 h, reached a maximum (110 pg/ML; 437% increase) at 5 h, and remained significantly elevated at 8 h posttreatment. By 24 h, the serum E-2 concentration was not significantly different than baseline. In contrast, a more rapid (within 1 h) and pronounced (4-fold) increase in the serum concentration of E-1 was observed. This rise continued until a peak (467 pg/ml; 2000%) was reached 6 h posttreatment. Thereafter, the serum E-1 concentration declined progressively but was still significantly elevated (140 pg/ml; P smaller than 0.01) 24 h after treatment. Serum concentrations of FSH AND LH were significantly decreased within 6 and 3 h, respectively and both gonadotropins remained significantly suppressed 24 h following the ingestion of E-2. The ratios of circulating E-1: E-2 reported herein (ca. 3-6) were much higher than those observed by other investigators following iv E-2 (I.E., smaller than 1). Thus the data indicate that micronized E 2 peros is readily absorbed and that during this process a significant portion of the hormone is converted to E-1 by the gstrointestinal tract. In addition, 2 mg oral E-2 exerts significant biologic activity as assessed by serum gonadotropin suppression. PMID- 1117059 TI - Metyrapone test in Cushing's disease. AB - The urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid response to 2 g of metyrapone given orally at 10 PM was compared with that following the standard test in which 750 mg of metyrapone was given at 4 hourly intervals for 6 doses. Both tests were performed on four occasions in 3 patients with Cushing's disease. Increments in urinary 17 hydroxycorticosteroid excretion during the modified test were 7.0, 7.5, 8.4 and 23.3 mg/day, whereas with the standard test, increments ranged from 29.5 to 56.8 mg/day. The urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid response to the 2 g dose of metyrapone at 10 PM was marginal in 3 of the 4 studies. Urinary 17 hydroxycorticosteroid excretion with the modified metyrapone test varied from 10.7 to 44% of that found with the standard test. Since urinary steroid excretion may vary considerably in patients with Cushing's syndrome as was evident in 2 of the 3 patients studied, the data suggest that the modified metyrapone test should not be used in preference to the standard test in evaluating Cushing's syndrome. It appears that the modified test could lead to erroneous conclusions. PMID- 1117060 TI - Plasma renin activity in normal subjects from infancy to puberty. AB - Immunoassayable Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in normal subjects aged from 15 days to 15 years. A very progressive decrease of PRA with age could be demonstrated. Practical conditions for the study of PRA were defined. PMID- 1117061 TI - Plasma glucagon and alanine responses to acute insulin deficiency in man. AB - Plasma glucagon levels rose within 1 hr after withdrawal of insulin in 7 juvenile type diabetics previously kept normoglycemic by prolonged intravenous infusions of insulin. These changes preceded subsequent elevations in plasma alanine levels. Individual rises in plasma glucagon were correlated with elevations in plasma glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acid, and glycerol levels, suggesting that glucagon may play an important role in the development of diabetic ketoacidosis in man. PMID- 1117062 TI - Early variations of plasma somatomedin activity in the newborn. AB - In neonates, plasma somatomedin as measured by the porcine cartilage assay was very low during the first day of life. A striking increase was observed on day 4 and 5, with a return to lower values at a later age. These findings indicate an early capacity to generate somatomedin activity in newborns. PMID- 1117063 TI - Appearance of hCG in pregnancy plasma following the initiation of implantation of the blastocyst. AB - Plasma chorionic gonadotropin levels were measured by three different assay methods during early pregnancy in four patients following induction of ovulation with Pergonal and hCG. Radioligand-receptor assay of unextracted samples was subject to non-specific interference by plasma proteins, causing an apparent elevation of gonadotropin levels during the first few days after fertilization. By contrast, the gonadotropin values measured by a highly sensitive LH/hCG bioassay were consistent with those obtained with a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for hCG, and showed that the first significant rise in plasma hCG occurred 9 to 13 days after ovulation. These results indicate that hCG does not appear in the maternal circulation until after the initiation of implantation of the blastocyst. PMID- 1117064 TI - Demonstration of insulin resistance in untreated adult onset diabetic subjects with fasting hyperglycemia. AB - We have used a continuous intravenous infusion of glucose (6 mg/kg/min), insulin (80 mU/min), epinephrine (6 mug/min), and propranolol (0.08 mg/min) to directly assess insulin resistance in 14 untreated adult onset diabetics with a mean (plus or minus SE) fasting plasma glucose level of 217 plus or minus 17 mg/100 ml. During the infusion endogenous insulin secretion is inhibited and steady-state plasma glucose and insulin levels are achieved after 90 min. Since similar steady state levels of plasma insulin are achieved in all subjects, the plasma glucose concentration observed during the steady-state period is a measure of an individual's insulin resistance. Under these conditions, the mean (plus or minus SE) steady-state plasma glucose level of the 14 diabetic patients was 350 plus or minus 16 mg/100 ml, while that of 12 normal subjects was 121 plus or minus 4 mg/100 ml. Additional studies were performed in which control subjects and patients with diabetes had their fasting plasma glucose levels acutely raised or lowered to comparable levels before receiving the basic infusion mixture of glucose, insulin, epinephrine, and propranolol. The results of these studies indicated that differences in initial plasma glucose levels could not account for the different glucose responses of the two groups to the basic infusion. Finally, the mean (plus or minus SE) steady-state plasma glucose level of 104 plus or minus 17 mg/100 ml observed during the same basic infusion in five patients with fasting hyperglycemia (mean plus or minus SE, 142 plus or minus 12 mg/100 ml) secondary to chronic pancreatitis suggested that neither chronic hyperglycemia nor hypoinsulinemia per se necessarily lead to insulin resistance. These results demonstrate that marked insulin resistance exists in adult onset diabetics with fasting hyperglycemia. Since previous studies have documented the presence of insulin resistance in patients with chemical diabetes, the possibility exists that insulin resistance may be characteristic of adult onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1117065 TI - Biosynthesis of bile acids in man. Hydroxylation of the C27-steroid side chain. AB - The first step in the degradation of the steroid side chain during biosynthesis of bile acids from cholesterol in man was studied in microsomal and mitochondrial fraction of homogenate of livers from 14 patients. The microsomal fraction was found to catalyze an efficient 25-hydroxylation of 5,8-cholestane-3a,7a,12atriol. A small extent of 23-, 24-, and 26-hydroxylation of the same substrate was observed. 53-Cholestane-3a,7adiol was hydroxylated in the 25-position only to a very small extent. The mitochondrial fraction was found to catalyze 26 hydroxylation of cholesterol, 5-cholestene-3P,7a-diol, 5P-cholestane-3a,7a-diol, 7a-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and 5,0-cholestane-3a,7a,12a-triol. Addition of Mg++ stimulated the 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol but had no effect or an inhibitory effect on 26-hydroxylation of the other substrates, indicating a heterogeneity of the mitochondrial 26-hydroxylating system. The level of 26 hydroxylase activity towards different substrates varied considerably with different mitochondrial preparations. The roles of the microsomal and mitochondrial 26- hydroxylations as well as the microsomal 25-hydroxylation in biosynthesis of bile acids in man are discussed. The results indicate that microsomal 26-hydroxylation is less important than mitochondrial 26-hydroxylation under normal conditions. The possibility that microsomal 25-hydroxylation is important cannot be ruled out. PMID- 1117066 TI - The choleretic effect of iodipamide. AB - It is well established that a number of organic anions are excreted by the liver into bile in association with a marked increase in bile flow. Previous studies have shown that iodipamide (3,3'-(adipoyl-diimino)bis[2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid]), the radiographic contrast material used for intravenous cholangiography, is a potent choleretic. Experiments were performed in unanesthetized dogs to determine if the increased bile flow produced by iodipamide is canalicular or ductular in origin, to quantitate the choleresis associated with iodipamide and taurocholate excretion, and to correlate these findings with the results of in vitro studies in which the osmotic activities of iodipamide and taurocholate in both isotonic saline and bile were determined. The plasma erythritol clearance increase linearly with the excretion of iodipamide, indicating that iodipamide stimulates canalicular bile flow. The choleretic potency of iodipamide (22 ml/mmol) is approximately 3 times that of taurocholate (7.8 ml/mmol), yet the osmotic activity of iodipamide in bile (1.5 mosmol/mmol) is only twice as great as that of taurocholate in bile (0.8 mosmol/mmol). It therefore appears that, per unit of effective osmotic solute secreted, iodipamide carries more water into the bile canaliculi than does taurocholate. PMID- 1117067 TI - Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro and in vivo studies with emphasis on staphylococcal--leukocyte interaction. AB - Since oxygen-free polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) cannot kill Staphylococcus aureus normally, the usual mechanisms for PMN bactericidal activity probably involve hydrogen peroxide or superoxide. Catalase can destroy hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide dismutase breaks down superoxide. Experiments were performed to study the influence of these enzymes (which are found in staphylococci) on virulence for mice or on leukocyte-bacterial interaction. 15 staphylococcal strains were injected i.p. into mice to quantitate virulence. There was good correlation between staphylococcal catalase activity and mouse lethality (r equals 0.88) but no correlation between staphylococcal superoxide dismutase activity and mouse lethality (r equals 0.14). Exogenous catalase (10,000 U/ml) increased the virulence of low-catalase staphylococci, but exogenous superoxide dismutase (200 mug/ml) did not alter the virulence of staphyloccal strains. C14=labeled high-catalase or low-catalase staphylococci were ingested equally well by PMN, with or without the addition of exogenous catalase. A high-catalase staphylococcal strain was killed relatively poorly by PMN, and addition of exogenous catalase (but not superoxide dismutase) decreased the ability of PMN to kill a low-catalase strain. Iodination of bacterial proteins by PMN is related to hydrogen peroxide, and a high-catalase staphylococcal strain was iodinated only 63% as much as a low-catalase strain. Addition of exogenous catalase decreased iodination of the low-catalase strain by 23%. These findings suggest that staphylococcal catalase protects intraphagocytic microbes by destroying hydrogen peroxide produced by the phagocyte. Thus, catalase may be a significant staphylococcal virulence factor. PMID- 1117068 TI - Effect of increased peritubule protein concentration on proximal tubule reabsorption in the presence and absence of extracellular volume expansion. AB - The effect of increased peritubule capillary oncotic pressure on sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule of the dog was investistigated after extracellular volume expansion (ECVE) with Ringer's solution or during continued hydropenia. Control measurements were made after ECVE or during hydropenia and again during renal arterial infusion with hyperoncotic albumin solution. Absolute reabsorption by the proximal tubule was calculated from fractional reabsorption and single nephron filtration rates as determined by micropuncture. Direct measurements of efferent arteriole protein were used to determine efferent arteriolar oncotic pressure. Albumin infused into the renal artery after ECVE significantly increased efferent oncotic pressure by 17.6 plus or minus 5.3 mm Hg. Fractional and absolute reabsorption by the proximal tubule increased from 20 plus or minus 6 to 37 plus or minus 5% and from 22 plus or minus 6 to 36 plus or minus 7 nl/min, respectively. During hydropenia, the albumin infusion significantly increased efferent oncotic pressure by 15.0 plus or minus 4.4 mm Hg. However, in contrast to the effect seen during ECVE, neither fractional nor absolute reabsorption was changed, delta equals 0.3 plus or minus 1.5% and 3 plus or minus 5 nl/min, respectively. Single nephron filtration rates were not significantly different between the groups and were unchanged by the albumin infusion. Peritubule capillary hydrostatic pressures, measured with a null-servo device, were not changed by the albumin infusion in either group. Renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure, measured from chronically implanted polyethylene capsules, was decreased significantly from 7.2 plus or minus 0.9 to 3.4 plus or minus 0.6 mm Hg in the hydropenic group and from 0.6 plus or minus 0.6 to 4.8 plus or minus 0.7 mm Hg in the Ringer's expanded group. In the hydropenic group, the increase in efferent oncotic pressure was nearly compensated for by changes in interstitial forces so that the calculated net force for capillary uptake was almost unchanged, 17.8 mm Hg before vs. 21.4 mm Hg during the albumin infusion. The increased efferent oncotic pressure in the Ringer's expanded group was not compensated, so that the calculated net force for uptake was increased, 11.9 mm Hg before to 22.2 mm Hg during the albumin infusion. Thus, while the increase in efferent oncotic pressure during albumin infusion was not significantly different between the groups, absolute and fractional reabsorptions were increased only in the animals in which the extracellular volume was expanded. The results suggest that ECVE alters the effect of increased peritubule oncotic pressure on sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule. PMID- 1117069 TI - Platelet hypersensitivity induced by cholesterol incorporation. AB - Platelets from individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia show increased sensitivity to the aggregating atents, epinephrine and ADP. Since the mechanism of this abnormal sensitivity is unknown, we examined, in vitro, the influence of the plasma lipid environment on the function of platelets. The composition of plasma lipids was altered by the addition of sonicated cholesterol-dipalmitoyl lecithin liposomes which were "cholesterol normal" (cholesterol-phospholipid mole ratio [C/P] equals 1.0, "cholesterol rich" (C/P eauals 2.2), or "cholesterol poor" (C/P equals 0). Cholesterol-normal liposomes had no influence on platelet lipids or platelet function. In contrast, after incubation for 5 h at 37 degrees C with cholesterol-rich liposomes, normal platelets acquired 39.2% excess cholesterol with no change in phospholipids or protein. The percent increase in platelet membrane cholesterol was three-fold that of the granule fraction. The acquisition of cholesterol by platelets was associated with a 35-fold increase in sensitivity to epinephrine-induced aggregation (P less than 0.001) and 15-fold increase to ADP aggregation (P less than 0.001), as determined both by aggregometry and by [13C]serotonin release. Response to thrombin or collagen was unchanged. Platelets incubated with cholesterol-poor liposomes underwent a selective loss of 21.4% cholesterol and this was associated with an 18-fold reduction in their sensitivity to epinephrine. These studies demonstrate that the cholesterol content of platelets is dependent on the lipid composition of the milier. Cholesterol acquired by platelets may exert its effect on platelet function by a modification of the platelet membrane. PMID- 1117070 TI - Orthophosphate transport in the erythrocyte of normal subjects and of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia. AB - We have examined the mechanism of TCA-soluble orthophosphate (Pi) transfer across the membrane of mature human erythrocytes in normal subjects and in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (X-LH). The studies were carried out largely at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C, in partial stimulation of conditions in vivo. (a) At physiological concentrations (1-2 mM) Pi enters the intact normal erythrocyte down its chemical gradient and under no conditions could we identify a steady state trans-membrane gradient for Pi greater than 0.6. Calculations of the phosphate anion distribution ratio using the Nernst equation yield theoretical values that closely approximate observed values. (b) Glycolytic inhibitors have little effect on total entry of 32Pi inti erythrocytes but they do affect the intracellular distribution of Pi. In the presence of iodoacetamide, label accumulates almost exclusively in the orthophosphate pool and less than 1% enters the organic phosphate pool. (c) Specific activity measurements in unblocked cells indicate that Pi anion equilibrates first with its intracellular Pi pool. These initial findings imply that neither group translocation, nor energy coupling, influence Pi permeation into the human erythrocytes. (d) The relationship between 32P entry and extracellular Pi concentration is parabolic in the presence of chloride, and linear in the presence of sulfate. The kinetics of concentration dependent entrance cannot be examined and saturability of Pi entry cannot be identified under these conditions. (e) The competitive inhibitor arsenate partially inhibits the initial rate and steady-state flux of orthophosphate in erythrocytes treated with iodoacetamide to inhibit glycolysis. However, a significant portion of Pi transport escapes arsenate inhibition. (f) Activation energies for Pi entry, in nonglycolizing erythrocytes are much higher than those required by simple diffusion in an aqueous system. (g) Neither the inward or outward movement of Pi is modulated by trans-phosphate. These latter findings suggest that transport of phosphate across the human erythrocyte is compatible with slow facilitated diffusion with symmetry for influex and efflux. The transmembrane chemical distribution ratio, and the equilibrium flux of Pi were not different from normal in the X-LH erythrocyte. Nor did the extracellular Pi concentration, arsenate, or temperature affect Pi entry differently in the two types of cells. We dedjce that different gene products serve the diffusional type of Pi transport in the erythrocyte membrane and the saturable component of transepithelial absorption in the gut and kidney. Only the latter is affected by the X-LH mutation. The former is apparently present not only in erythrocytes but also in epithelial tissue, where it can serve the absorption of pharmacologic amounts of Pi in the therapeutic repair of the depleted phosphate pools in X-LH. PMID- 1117071 TI - Conversion of human erythrocyte-adenosine deaminase activity to different tissue specific isozymes. Evidence for a common catalytic unit. AB - Adenosine deaminase activity resides in various characteristic isozymes in red blood cells (RBC-ADA) and other tissues. Absence of RBC-ADA has been reported in a proportion of patients with autosomally inherited severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). We have previously reported that the tissue isozymes of ADA are also deficient in children with SCID and RBC-ADA deficiency, although these isozymes differ from RBC-ADA in molecular weight, accessible SH groups, and electrophoretic mobility. The deficiency of all types of ADA in SCID implies that a catalytic unit of ADA in each isozyme is coded by the same structural gene. The relationship of RBC-ADA and the different tissue ADA isozymes is the subject of this paper. Incubation of RBC-ADA with ADA-deficient liver, kidney, and fibroblast extracts resulted in the appearance of new isozymes of ADA. These newly generated isozymes had the physicochemical and electrophoretic characteristics of the tissue-specific isozymes obtained from normal tissues. The electrophoretic mobility of the isozyme generated appeared to depend upon the tissue utilized and corresponded to the electrophoretic mobilities of the ADA isozymes found naturally in each of the different tissues. Additionally, the genetically determined polymorphism exhibited by RBC-ADA could be detected in the isozyme generated. Incubation with normal kidney also caused conversion of the RBC isozyme to the kidney form. These findings further support the concept that the catalytic activity of each of the several forms of the ADA enzyme resides in a single molecule coded at the same genetic locus as is defective in one form of SCID. The tissue-specific isozymes, which differ in electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight, are generated by interaction of the RBC catalytic unit with tissue-specific factors present in the different tissues of normal humans and patients. PMID- 1117072 TI - Restoration by purified C3b inactivator of complement-mediated function in vivo in a patient with C3b inactivator deficiency. AB - In a patient with lifelong increased susceptibility to infection and multiple abnormalities in complement-mediated functions, the infusion of normal plasma had been seen to produce a prolonged partial correction of serum abnormalities. It was subsequently shown that the patient was genetically deficient in the C3b inactivator and that immunochemical depletion of C3b inactivator from normal serum resulted in abnormalities similar to those found in the patient's serum, including alternative pathway C3 activation. Highly purified C3b inactivator was obtained from the euglobulin fraction of normal human serum, sterilized by filtration, and infused intravenously. Partial or complete correction of almost all the known serum abnormalities was obtained. C3b almost disappeared from the serum within 4-5 h, as did Factor C activity. Native C3, C5, and serum hemolytic activity rose to normal or near-normal levels over 4 days and were sustained for another week. Factor B, properdin, opsonic activity, and bactericidal activity reached a level at least two-five times that found before the infusion within 24 h and fell over the next 5 days. These observations prove the primary role of C3b inactivator deficiency in the patient's disease and demonstrate clearly the curcial role in vivo of C3b inactivator in modulating alternative pathway activity. PMID- 1117073 TI - Molecular weight profile of fat globule membrane proteins. AB - Fat globule membrane material, isolated by churning cream that had been washed four times, was extracted sequentially with .6 M potassium chloride and centrifuged to yield pellet and supernatant fractions. Compositional data indicated that lipid components were removed preferentially into the supernatant fractions. Electropherograms of the pellet and supernatant fraction in 10% and 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels revealed that the protein species originally present in the membrane associated into higher molecular weight species concomitant with the removal of lipid moieties. Thus, a contribution of the lipid moiety to membrane integrity is suggested. Approximately 17 protein-stained zones, ranging in molecular weight from 13,500 to 208,000 daltons, were observed in gels of the membrane material. PMID- 1117075 TI - Epinephrine inhibiting milk ejection in lactating cows. AB - Blood oxytocin was determined on 10 Holstein cows during normal milking and during milking when epinephrine was injected intravenously before or after udder stimulation. The average peak oxytocin concentration during normal milking was 399.7 muU/ml plasma and was reached at 1 min after teat cup application. Oxytocin concentration in blood plasma declined rapidly after peak concentration and dropped to 30.5 muU/ml plasma within 4 min after the start of milking. By 5 min after removal of the teat cups, it had declined to less than 4 muU/ml plasma. The administration of epinephrine, either before or after udder washing, inhibited milk ejection as indicated by milk production and oxytocin concentrations. Peak oxytocin concentrations were 1.05 muU/ml plasma 1 min after teat cup application when epinephrine was injected before udder washing and 8.6 muU/ml plasma at teat cup application when epinephrine was injected after udder washing. These results and the use of a beta receptor blocker to inhibit the effect of epinephrine at the myoepithelial cell level indicated that epinephrine inhibited release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis. PMID- 1117074 TI - Effects of insulin upon fatty acids synthesis from pyruvate, lactate, and glucose in rat mammary cells. AB - In isolated rat mammary secretory cells, insulin stimulated fatty acid synthesis from pyruvate three times, stimulated glucose conversion to fatty acids 1.2 to 1.5 times, and decreased lactate conversion to fatty acids 20 to 30%. Incubation of glucose and pyruvate together depressed fatty acid synthesis from glucose not attributable to isotope dilution. Glucose stimulated conversion of pyruvate-2-14 carbon to fatty acids without significantly affecting pyruvate-1-14 carbon conversion to 14-carbon dioxide. At differing concentrations, the electron acceptors phenazine methosulfate and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylene-diamine alleviated the depression by insulin of lactate conversion to fatty acids. The data support concepts that: (1) insulin acts at important sites other than or in addition to glucose transport in regulating mammary secretory cell metabolism and, particularly, fatty acid synthesis; (2) insulin actions upon fatty acid synthesis can vary dependent upon cellular redox state (insulin increases fatty acid synthesis in cells with a low redox state and decreases fatty acid synthesis in cells in a very reduced state); and (3) pyruvate depresses glucose carbon flux through the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. PMID- 1117076 TI - Feeding following intrahypothalamic injections of calcium and magnesium ions in sheep. AB - To study ionic effects on hypothalamic control of feeding, seven sheep were each prepared with six bilateral medial-hypothalamic guides. Hypothalamic loci were identified where feeding resulted following 1 mu 1 injections of calcium chloride and/or magnesium chloride. Doses of 1 and 2 mumol were most effective to induce feeding, and potassium chloride was not effective. Injections of phentolamine, LB 46, carbachol, atropine, or prostaglandin E1 did not inhibit the feeding responses following magnesium chloride injections into magnesium ion responsive loci. Feeding following calcium chloride injections into calcium ion responsive loci was blocked by atropine and reduced by phentolamine. Carbachol and prostaglandin E1 elicited feeding when injected into magnesium but not calcium ion responsive loci. Injections of carbachol followed by magnesium chloride resulted in greater feeding than when either chemical was injected alone. Calcium and/or magnesium ion bound feeding loci were in the anterior, ventromedial, dorsomedial, posterior and lateral hypothalamus, and the mammillary bodies. These ions elicited feeding in sheep perhaps by decreasing excitability of feeding inhibitory neural pathways in the hypothalamus. PMID- 1117077 TI - Effect of glucose load on synthesis of plasma glucose in lactating cows. AB - We assess the effect of an intravenous glucose load on production of glucose in lactating dairy cows. Isotope dilution techniques were utilized to measure transfer rate of plasma glucose (with tritiated glucose) and gluconeogenesis (with carbon-14 labeled propionate or carbon dioxide). A glucose load equivalent to the cow's normal transfer rate decreased endogenous glucose output two-thirds and decreased gluconeogenesis by half. Glucose concentration and transfer rate were higher within 2 h after glucose load started while carbon-14 transfer to plasma glucose became increasingly depressed and persisted for at least 1 h after loading terminated. Reduced plasma glucose synthesis from propionate during loading was associated with increased transfer of propionate carbon to plasma phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol esters, and with increased plasma insulin concentration. It appears that glucogenic precursors are utilized for greater synthesis of lipid (and presumably glycogen) and that loading leads to metabolic changes causing net reduction in gluconeogenic capacity. These changes could have important implications for use of intravenous glucose in treating hypoglycemic metabolic conditions. PMID- 1117078 TI - Effects of zinc, copper, and manganese supplementation of high-concentrate ration on digestibility, growth, and tissue content of Holstein calves. AB - The effects of supplemental zinc, copper, and manganese alone or in combination in a high-concentrate ration were studied in 16 Holstein bull calves during a 10 wk feeding trial. Metabolism was studied after the feeding trial. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy, and nitrogen retention and urinary excretion of zinc, copper, and manganese were determined. The calves were slaughtered after the experiment, and liver, heart, and kidney were taken for analyses of trace minerals. Supplementation of the basal ration with the trace minerals did not affect body weight gains, which averaged 1.42 kg daily. The addition of trace minerals did not affect apparent digestibility co efficients. A zinc-manganese interaction in digestion of nitrogen and gross energy was significant. Higher dietary manganese caused increased zinc concentrations in the liver, kidney, and heart. The copper concentration of liver was decreased by dietary zinc and increased by dietary copper and manganese. Supplemental manganese increased its net retention. There was no evidence of deficiency of any trace minerals in the unsupplemented treatments. PMID- 1117079 TI - Combinations of glycerol percent, glycerol equilibration time, and thawing rate upon freezability of bull spermatozoa in plastic straws. AB - Twelve ejaculates were used in a central composite experiment to test 15 combinations of glycerol (7, 9, 11, 13, or 15%), glycerol equilibration times (1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 h) and thawing rates (water at 35 C for 15 s, 50 C for 13 s, 65 C for 11 s, 80 C for 9 s, or 95 C for 7 s). Semen was diluted in heated skim milk glycerol, packaged in .3-ml. Continental U.S. straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. Based on post-thaw progressive sperm motility after storage at 196 C for 9 to 11 days, estimated optima from multiple regression were 10.7% for glycerol, 2.0 h for glycerol equilibration time, and 76 C for thawing bath temperature. Only the linear effect for each variable was significant. Much faster thawing rates and shorter glycerol equilibration times than those for freezing bull spermatozoa in glass ampules should be used for maximum post-thaw sperm motility in straws. PMID- 1117080 TI - Effect of sperm numbers on fertility of frozen bull spermatozoa in skim milk diluent. AB - Insemination doses of 10, 15, and 20 million progressively motile spermatozoa prior to freezing were compared in a split-ejaculate fertility experiment involving 4,603 first service inseminations to 34 semen samples from six Angus bulls. Based on 60- to 90-day nonreturn rates, fertility was significantly lower for inseminating doses of 10 and 15 times 10-6 than 20 times 10-6 motile sperm (61, 62, and 70%). The 1-ml doses of skim milk diluted semen were frozen in glass ampules. The post-thaw number of motile sperm per ampule after freezing and storage for 3 wk in liquid nitrogen averaged 5.5, 8.4, and 12.4 times 10-6 for corresponding pre-freeze numbers of 10, 15 and 20 times 10-6 motile sperm/ml and ranged from 4.0 to 15.7 times 10-6/ml. Frozen semen packaged in ampules should contain more than 8.4 times 10-6 motile cells post-thaw per ampule. PMID- 1117081 TI - Genetic and environmental effects on serum cholesterol of dairy cattle of various ages. AB - Serum cholesterol of dairy cattle, particularly when measured on animals of the same approximate age, is a heritable trait. Heritabilities were .50 for first lactation cows and .19 for heifers from 2 to 22 mo of age. Serum cholesterol increases with increasing age. Serum cholesterol was 192.8 mg/100 ml in cows and 121.4 mg/100 ml in heifers. Serum cholesterol was relatively low at the onset of lactation, increased at mid-lactation, and leveled off or decreased in late lactation. Month of calving, year of sampling, and ration did not influence serum cholesterol of first lactation cows. However, variation in both month and year of sampling was significant for heifers. PMID- 1117082 TI - Prevention of parturient paresis by a low-calcium diet prepartum: a field study. AB - Twenty of 60 control cows fed a "normal" diet prepartum developed parturient paresis whereas none of 37 fed a low-calcium (13 to 18 g/cow per day) diet prepartum developed the disease. PMID- 1117083 TI - [A comparative kinetic study of near-diploid and near-tetraploid variants of transplantable ascitic strains of mouse tumors]. PMID- 1117084 TI - [A study of the quaternary structure of nitrogenase by the stereophotographic method through an electron microscope]. PMID- 1117085 TI - [Microbiologic dehydrogenation of microcrystalline delta4-3-ketosteroids]. PMID- 1117086 TI - [The lipid composition of the flagellate Crithidia oncopelti cultivated on a peptone medium]. PMID- 1117087 TI - [Crystal-transformation of hydrocortisone effected by a culture of Mycobacterium globiforme 193]. PMID- 1117088 TI - [The evolution of concepts concerning the origin of life from 1924 to 1974]. PMID- 1117089 TI - [The relationship between Crithidia oncopelti sensitivity to olivomycin and intracellular lipid concentration]. PMID- 1117090 TI - Time and frequency analyses of auditory signal detection. PMID- 1117091 TI - Mechanisms of masking. PMID- 1117092 TI - Intensity discrimination for noise bursts in the presence of a continuous, bandstop background: effects of level, width of the bandstop, and duration. PMID- 1117093 TI - Underwater localization of click and pulsed pure-tone signals by the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). PMID- 1117094 TI - Influence of middle-ear muscle contraction on pure-tone suprathreshold loudness judgments. PMID- 1117095 TI - Reaction-time procedure for measurement of hearing. I. Suprathreshold functions. PMID- 1117096 TI - Reaction-time procedure for measurement of hearing. II. Threshold functions. PMID- 1117097 TI - Auditory intensity discrimination with bursts of reproducible noise. PMID- 1117098 TI - Binaural pinna disparity: another auditory localization cue. PMID- 1117099 TI - Control of pharyngeal cavity size for English voiced and voiceless stops. PMID- 1117100 TI - Acoustic characteristics of English /w,r,l/ spoken correctly by young children and adults. PMID- 1117101 TI - Vocalic transitions in the perception of voiceless initial stops. PMID- 1117102 TI - Fundamental frequency rules for the synthesis of simple declarative English sentences. PMID- 1117103 TI - Dichotic forward and backward "masking" between CV syllables. PMID- 1117104 TI - Letter: Mechanism for aural pulse compression in mammals. PMID- 1117105 TI - The american board of allergy and immunology. Report on the 1974 certifying examination. PMID- 1117106 TI - The World Food Conference. "Perceptions 1974" in perspective. PMID- 1117107 TI - Dietary survey of low-income, rural families in Iowa and North Carolina. I. Research procedures. AB - Methods used in assessing the dietary intake of selected low-income, rural families are described. The sample consisted of 668 families randomly selected from predetermined locations in Iowa and North Carolina. A 24-hr. recall method supplemented with food models was used in gathering data on family food intake. The nutritional "adequacy" of the family diets was then evaluated according to family composition and the 1968 Recommended Dietary Allowances. The adequacy of individual nutrients was also evaluated by the same criteria. Nutrients studied included: protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, thiamin, and riboflavin. The selection of the method in relation to opinions of previous investigators is discussed. PMID- 1117108 TI - Dietary survey of low-income, rural families in Iowa and North Carolina. II. Family distribution of dietary adequacy. AB - Distribution patterns of Iowa and North Carolina families for dietary adequacy at various income levels were compared according to: (a) two family dietary standards, based on the 1968 Recommended Dietary Allowance and the Ten-State Nutrition Survey dietary standards, and (b) two income standards, family income and per capita income. A 24-hr. recall method was used to collect the dietary data. Nutrients studied included: protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, thiamin, and riboflavin. Clear differences emerged in family distribution patterns by the two dietary standards and by the two income standards. Comparison of family distribution patterns for dietary intake by the two standards showed that percentages of families with poor nutrient intakes were lower by Ten-State evaluation than for the recommended allowance evaluation, except for protein and iron. For example, the percentage of families with poor calcium intakes, by Ten State criteria, was approximately half that measured by the recommended allowances. While, according to the latter, calcium was the most limiting nutrient in many family diets, vitamin A was most limiting by Ten-State evaluation. The proportions of families with poor ascorbic acid, thiamin, and riboflavin intakes were also lower by Ten-State standards. While the iron adequacy remained approximately the same by both dietary standards, the percentage of families with poor protein intakes was higher by the Ten-State criteria. A higher percentage of families at each income level had fair and good diets by Ten-State comparison. Family distribution patterns for intakes of individual nutrients at various family income levels demonstrated a positive relationship between nutritional intake and income. Proportions of families with poor nutrient intakes according to per capita income tended to increase with the income level. For both income standards, the percentages of families with good and fair diets in the total family sample gradually increased with income. Percentages of Iowa families with fair and good diets at various income levels were, in general, higher than those of North Carolina families. The lowest and the highest percentages of families with poor diets of two population groups were higher for per capita income distribution than for family income distribution. PMID- 1117109 TI - Dietary survey of low-income, rural families in Iowa and North Carolina. III. Contribution of food groups to nutrients. AB - Percentage contributions of specific food groups indicated in the Basic 4 to protein, calcium, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid in one day's diets of thirty-five Iowa families and twenty-five North Carolina families are reported. All members of the families ate all meals at home. Their diets met or exceeded two-thirds of the 1968 Recommended Dietary Allowances for seven nutrients. Data were collected by the 24-hr. recall method. While the percentage contribution of the meat group to protein intake of the North Carolina families ranged from zero to 84 per cent, that of the Iowa group was from 35 to 85 per cent. The range for the percentage contribution of the milk group to calcium intake of North Carolina families was similar; however, in the Iowa group the range was from 2 to 97 per cent. The vitamin A-rich fruit and vegetable group contributed from zero to 99 per cent for the North Carolina families of vitamin A intake and from zero to 88 per cent for the Iowa group. Ascorbic acid-rich fruits and vegetables contributed from zero to 100 per cent of the ascorbic acid intake of the Iowa group and from zero to 95 per cent in North Carolina families. The results support the argument that the exclusive use of the "Daily Food Guide" or the "Basic 4" to assess nutritional intake of diets may produce biased in formation. PMID- 1117110 TI - Youth in action. II. Teen-age snacking habits: a challenge for nutrition education. PMID- 1117111 TI - Youth in action. III. Private preventive nutrition clinic. PMID- 1117112 TI - Youth in action. IV. Inquiry into computer applications in dietetics. PMID- 1117113 TI - Youth in action. V. Implementing a portable meals program. PMID- 1117114 TI - Youth in action. VI. Nutritional care in a geriatric hospital. PMID- 1117115 TI - Youth in action. VII. Counseling with physicians and nurses. PMID- 1117116 TI - Urinary calcium excretion in relation to kidney function in the adult. AB - A study based on 55 hospital patients (age groups 40-59, 60-69, 70-79) demonstrated a significant correlation between the glomerular filtration rate (as expressed by endogenous creatinine clearance) and the mean urinary calcium concentration. Excluded were patients with thyroidal or hypophyseal disorders, osteoporosis, renal stones immobilizing conditions, or those treated with corticosteroids. The study patients had a normal fluid intake and did not receive any diuretics. The urinary calcium concentration test is less laborious and less liable to laboratory errors than the creatinine clearance test, which requires a 24-hour urine collection. Because of the gradual decrease in the glomerular filtration rate in the elderly, this test should be of value in geriatric practice. PMID- 1117117 TI - Pulmonary infections in elderly patients: treatment with cefazolin. AB - The effects of cefazolin were studied in 15 hospital patients (average age, 67) with respiratory-tract infections. The infections were chiefly bronchopneumonia caused by organisms such as D. pneumoniae, Staph. aureus, or E. coli. In 13 of the 15 patients the results were excellent to good (eradication of the primary pathogen and clinical improvement); in the other 2 patients the response was fair. Intramuscular injection was well tolerated and only one patient complained of pain at the site of injection; no other adverse clinical effects were observed. In the laboratory determinations, including liver and kidney function tests, the only abnormalities were 2 cases in which the Coombs' test gave positive results without hemolysis. Cefazolin seems to be a safe and effective antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory-tract infections caused by cefazolin susceptible organisms. PMID- 1117118 TI - Prevalence of hypertension among the elderly in an urban community. AB - The results of a hypertension screening project conducted in senior citizen agencies in Manhattan are presented. The prevalence of hypertension among elderly females tended to conform to the data of the Nation Health Surgery of 1960-62, but the prevalence among elderly males was much higher than in the National Survey. The prevalence of hypertension varied inversely with the educational level. Various implications for future medical evaluations of the elderly are discussed, based on the clinical and social data obtained. PMID- 1117120 TI - Editorial: Dentistry with pharmacy. Why? PMID- 1117119 TI - Important factors in the examination and care of old patients. AB - The author emphasizes the importance of certain factors in the initial assessment of geriatric patients. The geriatrician should be a keen observer, and not neglect simple tests. Thus diagnostic mistakes will be kept to a minimum and he will be rewarded by the improved welfare of his patients. PMID- 1117121 TI - Pharmacists as dental consultants and educators. PMID- 1117122 TI - The Marquette University School of Dentistry pharmacy program. PMID- 1117123 TI - Gerodontia and pharmacy. PMID- 1117124 TI - Oral health education for pharmacy. PMID- 1117125 TI - Military pharmacists establish. Surveillance of controlled drugs. PMID- 1117126 TI - Differential permeation of Artemia cysts and cucumber seeds by alcohols. AB - The rate of penetration of the simpler alcohols into brine shrimp cysts and cucumber seeds was studied. In solutions below 70% the rate of penetration is related to lipid solvent capacity of the alcohol. In concentrations above 70%, particularly in absolute alcohols, methanol penetrates brine shrimp rapidly and ethanol penetrates slowly. All the other alcohols tested did not pepetrate the dormant structures. Ethionine and deuteroxy-methanol did not affect the rate of penetration of methanol. It is suggested that in dehydrated membranes the lipid moiety is protected by a continuous sheet of protein. Methanol, which is fairly similar to water, is probably able to penetrate the membrane by initiating a conformation change in the protein, exposing the lipid which subsequently dissolves in the methanol thus destroying the membrane. PMID- 1117127 TI - Rapid chemical dehydration of samples for electron microscopic examinations. AB - Acidified 2,2-dimethoxypropane was used to chemically dehydrate biologic tissues for examination in the electron microscope. The ultrastructural integrities of single-celled algae, plant tissues (cotyledon, root, leaf) and animal tissues (liver, pancreas, muscle, cartilage) were maintained. Our technique was simpler and quicker than physically exchanging water for organic solvents (e.g., acetone, ethanol) as generally performed in microscopy. PMID- 1117128 TI - Histochemical demonstration of mitochondrial dehydrogenases in developing normal and nervous mutant mouse Purkinje cells. AB - The mouse mutation nervous (nr), expressed as a recessive, causes a morphologic change in cerebellar Purkinje cell perikaryonal mitochondria during the 2nd postnatal week which is followed by the selective degeneration of most Purkinje cells. In the present study, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities (succinic acid dehydrogenase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, malic acid dehydrogenase, reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase and succinic semialdehyde dehyrogenase) are found by light microscopy to be similar in the perikarya of normal and nervous Purkinje cells until after mitochondrial rounding has begun to occur, but then staining increases markedly in nervous. Although only a small fraction of mitochondrial functions were examined, those enzymes assayed were present and competent. In a sense, the only mitochondrial abnormalities demonstrated thus far in nervous Purkinje cells are their unusual shape and probable loss of motility. PMID- 1117129 TI - Characterization of chemotactic activity produced in vivo by a cell-mediated immune reaction in the guinea pig. AB - A system that allows repeated sampling of peritoneal fluid at various time intervals has been adapted to study mechanisms of leukocyte accumulation in vivo. Application of this technique in guinea pigs exhibiting delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to horse radish peroxidase (HRPO) has allowed characterization of some events after i.p.challenge with the sensitizing antigen. Within 24 hr of the administration of HRPO i.p. to such animals there is a significant increase in the number of peritoneal macrophages and in the chemotactic activity (CTX) for macrophages in the sampled peritoneal fluid. At 48 and 72 hr the CTX returns to the pre-challenge level and i.p. macrophages appear to be actively phagocytic. Molecular sieve chromatograms of concentrated peritoneal fluid obtained 24 hr after i.p. challenge with HRPO and of supernatants derived from immune spleen cells cultured in the presence of HRPO in the presence of HRPO in vitro revealed that the major portion of CTX for homologous macrophages eluted in the region of the 12,500 dalton protein marker. The partially purified CTX obtained from peritoneal fluid and supernatants of spleen cell cultures was heat stable (56 degrees C for 30 min) and was destroyed by trypsin digestion. These data demonstrate that a chemotactic factor (LDCF) obtained in vitro, is present in vivo at the site of a cell-mediated immune reaction. Moreover, these observations demonstrate the feasibility of studying the kinetics of leukocyte accumulation and the production of mediators of inflammation at the site of well defined immunologic reactions in vivo. PMID- 1117130 TI - Quantitative comparison of techniques used to measure complement-mediated cytotoxicity of nucleated cells. AB - ?The cytotoxicity of nucleated cells by specific antibody and complement can be guantitated in vitro by several methods. Trypan blue exclusion, 51-Cr release, inhibition of uptake of 3-H-thymidine, and inhibition of colony formation are the four assays that we used to guantitatively compare the C-mediated cytotoxicity of Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells. CHL cells were sensitized with either guinea pig or rabbit anti-CHL antisera, and exposed to guinea pig, human, or rabbit C. We found that the relative activities of the antibodies and the complements were not dependent on the method of measurement of cytotoxicity, i.e., a given pair of antiserum-complement were not dependent on the method of measurement of cytotoxicity, i.e., a given antiserum-complement titer, regardless of the assay used to measure cytotoxicity. However, the titers of the different antibody complement pairs differed from each other. PMID- 1117131 TI - The properities of lymphocytes which carry immunologic memory of phiX 174. AB - Cells that carry immunologic memory of phiX 174 have been studied in the rat. Memory cells could not be detected in thoracic duct lymph before the 10th day after priming. Thereafter, they increased rapidly in number to reach a plateau by the 4th week. This long latency was not due to a protracted process of maturation of cells formed and delivered to the lymph during the early post-induction period because memory never appeared in rats immunized adoptively with cells obtained before the 11th day. The fact that phiX memory cells are resistant to inhibition by vinblastine also indicates that memory is carried by cells which are released from regionally stimulated lymphoid tissue only after they have ceased dividing and become functionally mature. Adoptively acquired memory decays rapidly at first, but slowly from the 2nd week after cell transfer. This suggests that two cell populations of differing half-life are involved. If two distinct populations are necessary to the full expression of phiX memory, both populations recirculate because the memory cells in lymph draining the sites of the primary response and those reaching the central lymph of adoptive hosts give parallel dose-response curves. PMID- 1117132 TI - Antibody synthesis in synchronized mouse spleen cells during the secondary response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro. AB - Immunoglobulin synthesis by mouse spleen cells during the secondary response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro was examined in cells synchronized by methotrexate and adenosine treatment. Antibody synthesis by the synchronized cells was discontinuous through the cell cycle and highest in the early S phase. Previous results from this laboratory indicated that antibody secretion, as measured by plaque production to sheep erythrocytes, was also greatest in early S, and taken together these results suggest little difference in the expression of antibody synthesis and secretion through the cell cycle. Actinomycin D was employed in several experiments in an attempt to determine if the variation in antibody synthesis was regulated by transcription of messenger RNA for immunoglobulin. Lower actinomycin concentrations (0.05 mug/ml) reportedly permitting messenger, but not ribosomal, RNA synthesis as well as higher concentrations (1 mug/ml) rapidly reduced immunoglobulin and total protein synthesis. These results indicated that actinomycin was not suitable for determining the stability of messenger RNA in mouse spleen cells. Therefore, the reasons for fluctuation in antibody synthesis during the cell cycle could not be determined, but several possibilities are suggested. PMID- 1117133 TI - Differential susceptibility of strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs to induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - Twenty-seven of 30 Strain 2 guinea pigs immunized with 100 mug guinea pig thyroglobulin (GPTG) prepared either from Hartley (H) or Strain 13 (13) thyroids developed experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) whereas only 1 of 39 similarly immunized Strain 13 guinea pigs developed EAT. F1 hybrids behaved like the Strain 2 parent in that 16 of 20 developed EAT. The susceptible Strain 2 and F1 guinea pigs had higher hemagglutinating antibody titers to GPTG than the Strain 13 guinea pigs whereas all three strains had similar delayed skin reactivity to GPTG. The results suggest that susceptibility of guinea pigs to thyroiditis is genetically controlled and that production of antithyroglobulin antibody may be important in determining disease susceptibility. PMID- 1117134 TI - Micro-radioimmunoassay for antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in the chicken. AB - An indirect micro-radioimmunoassay is described in which chicken anti-Newcastle disease virus antibody was detected, with radioactively labeled rabbit anti chicken Fab, on virus-infected microcultures of chick embryo fibroblasts. Newcastle disease virus-infected microcultures were formalin fixed and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 4 months without affecting the sensitivity of the test. The micro-technique was found to be highly sensitive and specific assay of anti-viral antibody and may allow detection of immunoglobulin class of anti-Newcastle disease virus antibody. PMID- 1117135 TI - Serum IgE levels during the potentiated reagin response to egg albumin in rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. AB - Rats were immunized with 10 mug EA and alum; a low titer IgE anti-EA response was observed; subsequent infection with N. brasiliensis greatly potentiated this response. Serum from these rats was tested for its IgE content by a recently developed radioimmunoassay for rat IgE. The average serum level of IgE was 1.15 mug/ml; this level was not altered by immunization, but infection with N. brasiliensis was accompanied by an 80-fold increase in concentration of serum IgE. This increase could not be accounted for by IgE anti-EA or anti-worm antibodies. Infection with N. brasiliensis appears to have an adjuvant effect on IgE antibody responses to diverse environmental antigens as well as the experimentally induced IgE anti-EA response. PMID- 1117136 TI - Tolerance and contact sensitivity to DNFB in mice. IV. Desensitization as a manifestation of increased proliferation of sensitized cells. AB - Contact sensitivity to 2, 4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) in mice could be rapidly and specifically suppressed by a single i.v. injection of DNBSO3 just before the elicitation skin test. The effects of desensitization were also demonstrated in vitro by the diminished response of cultured desensitized lymph node cells to specific antigenic stimulation (DNBSO3). The effect was dependent on the dose of DNBSO3 injected, and it occurred immediately and disappeared within 2 days. We believe that the mechanism is a functional defect of antigen reactive cells which have been triggered to proliferate by the desensitizing antigen. These rapidly cycling cells may not migrate properly or respond adequately to the skin test challenge and are also refractory to additional antigen stimulation in vitro. The mechanism so postulated is derived from the finding that there was an inverse relation between the proliferative rates of the cells and their degree of specific reactivity to antigen. When the desensitizing antigen raised the proliferative rate of lymph node cells, the specific reactivity of both the whole animal and of the isolated lymphoid cells was low and vice versa. PMID- 1117137 TI - Complement-dependent alterations in the handling of immune complexes by NZB/W mice. AB - Serum of normal mammals contains factors which can release antigen-antibody complexes from the surfaces of leukocytes and platelets. This "complex release activity" (CRA) is mediated by the alternative pathway of complement activation, and is measured by a kinetic assay of the release of lymphocyte-bound soluble immune complexes. CRA activity was measured in the sera of NZB/W mice, which develop an autoimmune disease with aging. CRA in these mice declined rapidly after 16 weeks of age, and by 32 weeks was barely detectable. Serum C3 levels also declined in these mice. An association test correlating CRA and C3 concentration was highly significant. The decreased complement levels in the older mice led to profound changes in their handling of injected soluble immune complexes, as demonstrated in studies of the kinetics of distribution of the complexes between plasma and circulating cells. These abnormalities may be related to the diseases which occurs spontaneously in NZB/W mice, as well as in human immune complex diseases. PMID- 1117138 TI - Antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity in the murine sarcoma virus system: activity of IgM and IgG with specificity for MLV determined antigen(s). AB - Antisera with specificity for Moloney leukemia virus-(MLV) determined antigen(s) were studied for their ability to induce MLV antigen bearing target cell reduction by lymphocytes in microcytotoxicity assays. Sera from animals which had regressed Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) tumors as well as sera from animals with progressively growing MSV tumors were found to induce normal lymphocytes to be active against the targets. Regressor serum was found also to induce cytotoxicity by immune lymphocytes from a tumor-bearing animal 15 days after MSV and from a regressor 50 days after MSV infection. Both the 19S and 7S Sephadex G-200 fractions of the antisera were found to induce cytotoxicity by normal lymphocytes and to potentiate the cytotoxicity of MSV immune lymphocytes. These activities were shown to be IgM and IgG, respectively, by the use of Sepharose-coupled anti mouse IgM and anti-mouse IgG columns. All activity was removed by passing sera over both columns. PMID- 1117139 TI - Serologic and biochemical studies of the Ia system of the mouse H-2 gene complex. Further evidence for I-C subregion. AB - Three antisera were made against B10.A(5R) tissues to show the presence of an I Cd subregion in that strain: 1) B10 anti-B10.A(5R) [anti-Dd, I-Cd]; 2) (B10 times C3H.9L) F1 anti-B10.A(5R) [anti-Ddi1; 3) (B10 times HTI)F1 anti-B10.A(5R) [anti-I Cd]. Serologic analyses of the antisera clearly showed the presence of an Id segment in B10.A(5R) and provided further evidence for the existence of a new I-C subregion. These anti-I-Cd sera define the Ia.7 specificity and analyses of several recombinants map Ia.7 within the I-C subregion. Ia.7 is present in I-Ck, I-Cd and Ip strains. Biochemical analyses showed that the Ia.7 molecule has a molecular weight of 31,000 and is distinct from the 46,000 m.w. H2K or D molecules. The possible roles of the I-C region in immune response, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and graft-vs-host reaction are discussed. PMID- 1117140 TI - Malaria (Plasmodium knowlesi) merozoites: immunity and the surface coat. AB - Immune serum agglutinated merozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi in culture. Agglutinated merozoites attached to erythorcytes but were usually unable to invade. Marked aggregation of merozoites was associated with reduced invasion of erythrocytes in these cultures. The agglutination and reduced invasion were immunologically specific, for the effect of serum was greatest against homologous strains of P. knowlesi. Merozoite agglutination was caused by the binding of surface coats on adjacent parasites. This coat appeared on the plasma membrane of merozoites after it was exposed to culture medium, both with and without immune serum. The coat consisted of protein or glycoprotein, since it was susceptible to trypsin treatment. It appears that antibodies directed against this surface coat are crucial for reduced invasion of erythrocytes, at least in vitro. PMID- 1117141 TI - The nature of murine immune response to nucleic acids. AB - The antibody response of mice to nucleic acids appears to be genetically regulated, and may show varying patterns. SJL/J mice and AKR/Cu mice are high responders to denatured DNA complexed with MBSA and produce 7S as well as 19S antibodies. DBA/2 mice respond with low titers to this immunogen which consists of 19S antibody exclusively. C57BL/6 mice are high responders to denatured DNA, but produce only 19S antibodies. Denatured DNA-MBSA is immunogenic when injected without complete Freund's adjuvant, thereby suggesting that this antigen might be thymus independent. The pattern of immune responses of some strains to the polyribonucleotides poly(I)-poly(C) and poly(A)-poly(U) is opposite to that observed with denatured DNA. Thus, DBA/2 mice are high responders and SJL/J mice are low responders. However, the low responders SJL/J mice produce 7S as well as 19S antibody which suggests that different mechanisms operate for the regulation of immune responses to the two types of nucleic acids. Whereas no antibody is elicited upon immunization with DNA in the absence of a carrier protein, poly(A) poly(U) and poly(I)-poly(C) are immunogenic when injected without MBSA. Immunization with complexes of the polyribonucleotides and MBSA enhanced the responses to these immunogens; however, the strain differences were not completely abolished. Poly(A)-poly(U) did not enhance the low immune responses of DBA/2 mice to denatured DNA when injected i.v. following immunization with the DNA-MBSA. However, simultaneous immunization of DBA/2 and SJL/J mice with poly(A) poly(U) and denatured DNA-MBSA resulted in high antibody titers to both immunogens in either mouse strain. PMID- 1117142 TI - Delayed clearance of morphine from the circulation of rabbits immunized with morphine-6-hemisuccinate bovine serum albumin. AB - Morphine clearance from the circulation of normal rabbits and rabbits with circulating anti-morphine antibody was studied. Individual animals were injected with 14C trace-labeled morphine in saline (6 mg morphine/kg body weight). The rabbits were bled at various times after morphine injection and the amount of morphine present in the serum at each time interval was determined. Morphine could be detected in the serum of normal animals for 1 week following injection and up to 12 weeks following injection in at least one animal with antibodies to morphine. The rate of morphine clearance in animals immunized to morphine-6 hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin was not significantly different from normal during the first 4 hr after morphine injection. However, by 24 hr after injection, the rate of morphine clearance in morphine-6-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin-immunized animals was significantly slower than in normal animals. The amount of morphine present in the sera of the rabbits 24 hr after injection was related to the antigen-binding capacity and independent of antibody avidity. However, the rate of morphine clearance at times greater than 24 hr after injection was related to the average antibody avidity and not related to the antigen-binding capacity. PMID- 1117143 TI - A new immunoassay for C3. Application of the cell-linked antigen radioactive antibody (CLARA) technique. AB - The cell-linked antigen radioactive antibody (CLARA) method of immunoassay was applied to the C3 component of the complement system. C3 from whole complement was fixed on erythrocytes sensitized with IgM antibody. The IgG1 fractions of monospecific sheep anti-C3 were labelled with 125I and measurement of their specific binding to C3-bearing erythrocytes was used to quantitate the relative amount of fixed C3. Competititive inhibition of this specific binding was used to assay fluid phase C3. 0.3-0.6mug/ml of murine C3 were detected in the supernatant fluid of in vitro cultures of mouse spleen cells. PMID- 1117144 TI - Optocardiography: in vivo measurements of the insect cardiac activity with a new optical method. PMID- 1117145 TI - Peripheral and central interactions between sugar, water, and salt receptors of the blowfly, Phormia regina. PMID- 1117146 TI - Quantity of the male ejaculate influenced by female unreceptivity in the fly, Culicoides melleus. PMID- 1117147 TI - Componental analysis of the ocellar electroretinogram of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. PMID- 1117148 TI - The trail pheromone of the ant, lasius fuliginosus: identification of six components. PMID- 1117149 TI - Initiation and regulation of oocyte growth by the brain and corpora allata of the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea. PMID- 1117150 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities during embryogenesis in the bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus. PMID- 1117151 TI - [Numerical analog conversion of the stretch receptors of the metathoracic leg of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria]. PMID- 1117152 TI - Insect juvenile hormone mimics: a structural basis for gonadotropic activity in a cockroach and a moth. PMID- 1117153 TI - The visual response from the compound eye of Oncopeltus fasciatus: effects of temperature and sensory adaptation. PMID- 1117154 TI - An isotonic saline for the adult blowfly, Phormia regina, and its application to perfusion experiments. PMID- 1117155 TI - Locomotory and stridulatory circadian rhythms in the cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. PMID- 1117156 TI - Stridulatory movements in eight species of Neoconocephalus (Tettigoniidae). PMID- 1117157 TI - Effect of temperature and photoperiod on the induction of diapause in the mite Metaseiulus occidentalis. PMID- 1117158 TI - Nucleic acid metabolism in adult tissues of Gromphadorhina in response to ecdysterone: quantitative effects. PMID- 1117159 TI - Pheromones of Dendroctonus: origin of alpha-pinene oxidation products present in emergent adults. PMID- 1117160 TI - The nutritional value of seven D-amino acids and alpha-ketoacids for Argyrotaenia velutinana, Heliothis zea, and Phormia regina. PMID- 1117161 TI - Electrophoretic and immunologic studies of a hemagglutinin in the hemolymph of the decapod Macropipus puber. PMID- 1117162 TI - Development of viruslike particles in the crystal-containing nuclei of the midgut cells of tenebrio molitor. PMID- 1117163 TI - Effects of trematode infection on the hemolymph of aquatic insects. PMID- 1117164 TI - Pathogenesis of Bacillus sphaericus strain SSII-1 infections in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (equal to C. pipiens fatigans) larvae. PMID- 1117165 TI - A quantitative study of phagocytosis by hemolymph cells of the pelecypods Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria. PMID- 1117166 TI - Effect of tree species on the coverage and field persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis spores. PMID- 1117167 TI - Characterization of entomopox virions of the army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). PMID- 1117168 TI - Inhibition of Rhabditis maupasi (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) maturation and reproduction by factors from the snail host, Helix aspersa. PMID- 1117169 TI - Release of lysozyme from hemolymph cells of Mercenaria mercenaria during phagocytosis. PMID- 1117170 TI - Photoprotection against inactivation of Bacillus thuringiensis spores by ultraviolet rays. PMID- 1117171 TI - Transmission of the mosquito iridescent virus (RMIV) by adult mosquitoes of Aedes taeniorhynchus to their progeny. PMID- 1117172 TI - Simple and sensitive test for the determination of phenolic compounds in urine and its application to melanoma. AB - A simple procedure is outlined for the determination of phenolic compounds in urine. The method involves the diazotization of p-nitroaniline and subsequent coupling of the diazonium chloride with phenolic compounds. The diazo compound formed is determined by measuring the absorbance at 400 nm. The extinction coefficients for several compounds have been determined. Application of this method to determine the levels of phenolic compounds in urine in patients with melanoma showed that the assay may be of diagnostic value. The amounts of phenols in 24-hr urine samples from patients with melanoma, patients with various other diseases, and healthy individuals were determined. A statistical analysis of these results showed that the results for patients with melanoma were higher than those for healthy individuals and patients with other diseases at 1 percent probability level. A comparison of this test with three other methods (Thormahlen test, ferric chloride test, and ferrocitrate test) for determination of melanogens showed that the diazo test is the most sensitive one for detecting melanoma. PMID- 1117173 TI - Absolute concentrations of dithranol and triacetyl-dithranol in the skin layers after local treatment: in vivo investigations with four different types of pharmaceutical vehicles. AB - The pharmacokinetics of dithranol (anthralin) and its triacetate were investigated by employing a method which determines the quantity of the drug that penetrated into single layers of the human skin in vivo. For this purpose, tritium-labeled dithranol or triacetyl-dithranol was incorporated into four different ointments. The ointments were applied to the skin and biopsies were taken after 10, 30, 100, and 1000 min. The horny layer was removed before biopsy by Scotch tape stripping. The biopsies were sliced horizontally and the tritium determined in each sample. Dithranol as well as its triacetate penetrated best from more hydropholic ointments (Vaseline and aqueous wool-wax-alcohol ointment). From hydrophilic ointments (polyethylene glycol ointment and aqueous hydrophilic cream), only poor penetration was observed. Dithranol penetrated in far greater amounts than its triacetate, and the two compounds revealed fundamentally different penetration kinetics in epidermis and dermis. The data indicate that the triacetate was not split into its parent compound, dithranol, in substantial quantity, as the data obtained show the criteria of two independent substances. PMID- 1117174 TI - DNA repair in tumor cells from the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum. AB - Cells from most patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) can be shown to be defective in repairing ultraviolet (UV) light-induced damage to their DNA, for they have a reduced rate of UV-induced thymidine incorporation. XP variants, however, have clinical manifestations of XP, but all their tissues tested to date have a normal rate of UV-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation. We have now tested tumor cells from an XP variant and from a typical XP patient. The variant's tumor cells, in contrast to those of the typical patient, had no detectable defect in their UV-induced thymidine corporation. We conclude, therefore, that the cells that formed tumors in this XP variant resemble his other cells in DNA repair capacity, and do not represent a minor cell population with the kind of DNA repair defect that is reflected in reduced UV-induced thymidine incorporation. PMID- 1117175 TI - IgE in human eccrine sweat. AB - By the use of a sensitive and specific double antibody radioimmunoassay, immunoglobulin E was demonstrated in sweat from 6 of 11 healthy volunteers; the concentrations of IgE ranged from 1 to 3.9 ng/ml of sweat. Six of seven patients with dermatitis and elevated levels of serum IgE also had high IgE levels in sweat; the highest IgE value in sweat was 75.5 ng/ml and was noted in a patient with atopic dermatitis. Thus, all the main immunoglobulin classes can be demonstrated in eccrine sweat. PMID- 1117176 TI - Effect of polysorbate 85 on human skin. AB - Ten percent polysorbate 85, a nonionic surfactant, was applied on the upper arm of 15 healthy individuals under occlusive dressing daily for 4 days. The other arm was similarly treated with the ointment base (white petrolatum USP) to provide the control area. At the end of treatment, macroscopic observations indicated minor erythema in 11 cases and no visible changes were noted on the surfactant-treated areas of 4 persons or any of the control areas. No definite histologic changes were observed by microscopic evaluations. The results of biochemical assays, however, were more definitive. The content of the epidermal phospholipids was elevated within a range of 5 to 65 percent as a result of the treatment with polysorbate 85 preparation. Radioactive tracer studies indicated higher rates of 32P incorporation into epidermal phospholipids, TCA-soluble, DNA and RNA fractions of the surfactant-treated skin. Results resemble those that were documented in earlier studies with rabbit skin. PMID- 1117177 TI - The innervation of hyperplastic epidermis in the mouse: a light microscopic study. AB - The innervation of the skin of hairless mice has been studied following induction of epidermal hyperplasia by physical and chemical methods. Physical stimuli comprised ultraviolet irradiation, heat, wounding, and friction. Effective chemicals included benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, creosote, formaldehyde, hexadecane, hydrobromic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, and turpentine. Epidermal hyperplasia, however produced, was associated with growth of sensory nerve fibers into the outer part of the epidermis. Following a single 10-min exposure to an ultraviolet sunalmp at 40 cm, the nerves extended into the epidermis within 24 hr and disappeared during the second week as the epidermis reverted to its normal thickness. Repeated irradiation (until tumors appeared) was accompanied by persistent hyperplasia and neural invasion. Of 32 papillomas examined, intraepithelial nerves were found in 28. The presence and location of nerves in the tumor epithelium were related to the incorporation of tactile hair disc epithelium. The hyperplastic regenerative epithelium at the margins of skin ulcers were also invaded by nerves which sometimes followed the migrating epithelium across the ulcer floor. Since the regenerative epithelium was not directly treated, it was concluded that the proliferation of nervous tissue in response to skin injury was the result of the hyperplasia per se, regardless of the method used to produce it. PMID- 1117178 TI - The detection of carotenoid pigments in human skin. AB - Carotenoid pigments were extracted chemically from both epidermis and dermis obtained from non-carotenemic individuals at autopsy. Absorption maxima characteristic of beta-carotene were found in the extracts of specimens of epidermis following cantharidin application in volunteers made carotenemic by the ingestion of beta-carotene (180 mg/day for 10 weeks). These maxima were absent in the extracts of epidermis obtained from the volunteers before beta-carotene ingestion. PMID- 1117179 TI - Measurement of the time between synthesis and surface excretion of sebaceous lipids in sheep and man. PMID- 1117180 TI - Correction of the cutaneous manifestations of essential fatty acid deficiency in man by application of sunflower-seed oil to the skin. PMID- 1117181 TI - In vitro differentiation of mouse hair follicle cells. PMID- 1117182 TI - Inhibition of epidermal and dermal DNA synthesis by mouse and cow-snout epidermal extracts. PMID- 1117183 TI - Influence of humidity on ultraviolet injury. PMID- 1117184 TI - Studies on the modifying effect of ultraviolet radiation on chemical skin carcinogenesis. PMID- 1117185 TI - The effect ofdietary phenobarbital on the induction of skin tumors in hairless mice with 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. PMID- 1117186 TI - The synthesis of keratinosomes during epidermal wound healing. PMID- 1117187 TI - Letter: Evaluation of atrophy production and vasoconstrictor potency in humans following intradermally injected corticosteroids. PMID- 1117188 TI - Effect of heparin in experimental gram-negative septicemia. AB - Young rabbits were given live encapsulated or heat-hilled Pasteurella multocida by the intraperitoneal route. Those animals given live organisms regularly developed clinical illness, positive blood cultures, positive limulus lysate tests on plasma, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation and died. Death occurred in 68% of these rabbits by 12 hr after infection and in 100% by 24 hr. Septicemic animals given heparin as an anticoagulant similarly developed clinical illness, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, but no laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The mortality rate in these animals was 90% 12 hr after infection and 100% 24 hr after infection. None of the animals given heat-killed organisms developed leukopenia, thormbocytopenia, or disseminated intravascular coagulation, and none died. The data show that the survivial rate in septicemic rabbits was not improved with heparin, although fibrinogen consumption (disseminated intravascular coagulation) was abolished. PMID- 1117189 TI - Hepatitis A: report of a common-source outbreak with recovery of a possible etiologic agent. I. Epidemiologic studies. AB - From the end of October to the end of December 1973, an epidemic of hepatitis A affected 40 students at a state university, 11 employees of two restaurants, and 11 other residents in a southwestern metropolitan community. Two distinct epidemic waves of illness occurred, and investigation implicated two local restaurants as sources of infection, one for each epidemic wave. An index patient who prepared food was identified at each restaurant, and the two restaurants were linked by the fact that the index patient who worked at the second restaurant had patronized the first restaurant. Foods implicated as vehicles of transmission included 'guacamole,' green salad, spaghetti, and hamburger. The findings represent a rare example of a 'double' common-source outbreak with two distinct epidemic waves related to two separate eating establishments. PMID- 1117190 TI - Hepatitis A: report of a common-source outbreak with recovery of a possible etiologic agent. II. Laboratory studies. AB - During investigation of a food-borne outbreak of hepatitis A among university students in a southwestern metropolitan community, immune electron microscopic examination of a concentrated stool suspension pooled from seven acutely ill individuals revealed viruslike particles 17-nm in diameter. These particles were initially coated by antibody contained in the convalescent-phase serum of one of the ill students as well ad by antibody in convalescent plasma of a prison volunteer originally infected with the MS-1 strain of hepatitis A virus. Rises in titer of antibody to this particle were demonstrated by immune electron microscopy in acute and convalescent sera from student patients as well as in pre inoculation and convalescent sera from the prison volunteer. Two chimpanzees inoculated intravenously with the concentrated preparation of pooled human stools developed viral hepatitis. During acute illness their feces contained particles morphologically identical to those in the inoculum. These findings represent the first reported recovery of the presumed etiologic agent of hepatitis A from a naturally occurring community outbreak of disease in the United States. PMID- 1117191 TI - Preliminary studies of hepatitis A in chimpanzees. PMID- 1117192 TI - Effects of cyclophosphamide on hepatitis B virus infection and challenge in chimpanzees. AB - The role of antibodies to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) and to the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and of cell-mediated immunity in hepatitis B virus infections and in resistance to challenge was studied in six chimpanzees. Two chimpanzees were studied during primary hepatitis B virus infection while being treated with cyclophosphamide (5-15 mg/kg im three times per week). Cyclophosphamide treatment may have predisposed these chimpanzees to chronic hepatitis B virus infections. Four other chimpanzees convalescent from primary hepatitis B virus infection (subtype ayw) were challanged with hepatitis Bvirus; two were callenged with heterologous virus (subtype adw) without immunosuppression, and two were challenged with homologous virus (subtype syw)while being treated with cyclophosphamide. Chimpanzees with residual humoral immunity, demonstrable by serum antibodies against the group determinant a and subdeterminant y of HBsAg, resisted challenge with either heterologous or homologous hepatitis B virus despite cyclophosphamide immunosuppression in the latter case. Antibodies to the hepatitis B virus core did not appear necessary for protection against hepatitis B virus infection in these chimps. PMID- 1117193 TI - Isolation and purification of hepatitis B antigen by electrochromatography. AB - The electrochromatography column is a unique glass device designed to function both as a chromatography column and as an electrophoresis column; it can also be operated so that both column chromatography and electrophoresis can take place in one simultaneous operation (electrochromatography). When the column is used for electrochromatography, proteins of the same molecular size, but with different electrophoretic mobilities, will be separated by electrophoresis, whereas proteins with the same electrophoretic mobilities but of different molecular size will be separated by molecular sieving. If proteins vary only slightly in these physical properties, separation is greatly enhanced by the action of the electric field on the filtering molecules. Thus, electrochromatography allows proteins to be separated simply, rapidly, and with greater resolution than other systems currently available. Electrochromatography has been used successfully for the purification of hepatitis B antigen, which is not separated from closely related serum immunoglobulins by either chromatography or electrophoresis. This method may become an important tool for the isolation and purification of a large number of proteins and viruses not easily separated by means of current technology. PMID- 1117194 TI - Antimicrobial therapy of experimental endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The rate at which various antimicrobial agents eradicated Staphylococcus aureus from cardiac vegetations in a rabbit model of endocarditis was studied. The rate at which various drugs and combinations killed high titers of bacteria in broth correlated with the relative effectiveness of the agents in vivo. Gentamicin plus penicillin proved to be synergistic in vitro and more effective in eradicating bacteria from cardiac vegetations in vivo than was penicillin alone. Vancomycin killed bacteria at a rate similar to that for the combination of penicillin and gentamicin, and the rate for cefazolin was similar to that for penicillin alone. Clindamycin was less effective in vivo and in vitro than penicillin. Therapy with rifampin led to the emergence of resistant organisms, and, when penicillin, this drug was less effective in vitro and in vivo than was penicillin alone. This model appears to offer an effective method for evaluation of antimicrobial treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis. PMID- 1117195 TI - Immunity to experimental cholera. II. Secretory and humoral antitoxin response to local and systemic toxoid administration. PMID- 1117196 TI - Teratogenic effects of Colorado tick fever virus in mice. AB - The teratogenic effects in mice of Colorado tick fever (CTF) virus, a human pathogen, were demonstrated. Various routes of inoculation, gestational periods, and dosages of virus were studied. The incidence of stillbirth and neonatal death increased significantly after inoculation of pregnant mice with CTF virus. CTF virus crossed the placenta and replicated to high titers in the placental and fetal tissues. Mice that survived the first six weeks of life had neutralizing antibody to CTF virus. Neutralization tests, in which pregnant mice were inoculated with both CTF virus and specific antiserum to CTF virus, validated the teratogenic effects of CTF virus in mice. PMID- 1117197 TI - In vitro correlates of cell-mediated immunity in human tonsils after natural or induced Rubella virus infection. AB - The techniques of hemagglutination inhibition and in vitro lymphocyte transformation and the assay of migration inhibitory factor were used for study of the development of rubella antibody activity in serum and tonsillar tissue washings and of the appearance of rubella-specific, cell-mediated immunity in circulating and tonsillar lymphocytes in groups of children who underwent tonsillectomy at various intervals after natural rubella infection, subcutaneous immunization with HPV-77 DE/5 vaccine, or intranasal inoculation with RA27/3 live, attenuated rubella virus vaccine. Antibody response in serum and tonsillar tissue washings was detected regularly after natural infection or immunization. Development of specific cell-mediated immunity in circulating lymphocytes was regularly observed after natural infection and frequently after immunization. Natural infection or intranasal immunization with rubella vaccine resulted in the appearance of cell-mediated immunity in the tonsillar lymphoid tissue, and the response was detectable up to several years after natural infection in several cases. It is significant, however, that the level of cell-mediated immunity in tonsils was conspicuously low after subcutaneous immunization. These data suggest the induction of local cell-mediated immunity in tonsillar lymphoid tissue after local mucosal application of rubella virus. PMID- 1117198 TI - The generation of superoxide anion by various types of phagocyte. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes derived from human peripheral blood, rabbit peritoneal exudates, and guinea pig peritoneal exudates generate measurable quantities of superoxide anion when challenged with opsonized zymosan, but not when challenged with zymosan that has not been opsonized. The generation of superoxide is dependent upon the concentration of cells and closely parallels the stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt in the phagocytes. In contrast, no superoxide can be detected when rabbit alveolar macrophages (either normal or activated by prior vaccination of the animal with bacille Calmette-Guerin) or rabbit peritoneal macrophages are similarly treated. These data suggest that although superoxide anion may be involved in the bactericidal activity of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte, it is less likely to play a significant role in the bactericidal activity of the macrophage. PMID- 1117199 TI - Generalized Yersinia enterocolitica infection. AB - The clinical course of generalized Yersinia enterocolitica infection in 13 patients was observed. Two syndromes were apparent; seven patients had an acute septicemic picture, whereas the rest had a subacute localizing infection that usually produced hepatic or splenic abscesses. The latter form often resembled amebic hepatitis clinically, and five of the six patients died despite antibiotic treatment. The acute septicemic form of the disease resembled systemic salmonellosis, and most cases responded to therapy with the appropriate antibiotics. PMID- 1117200 TI - Short-term metabolism of (14-C) tryptophan in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. AB - The pathways of short-term tryptophan metabolism in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense were studied to determine whether this amino acid undergoes rapid conversion to tryptophol and indole lactic acid, two metabolites produced in vitro by T. brucei gambiense. Intravenously administered L-(3-14-C) tryptophan was metabolized to at least two compounds in infected rats: tryptophol (indole ethanol) and indole acetic acid. Indole lactic acid was not detected as a metabolite. Approximately 76 percent of the labeled substrate was metabolized along these pathways in 30 min. Control rats exhibited no detectable metabolism of tryptophan during the same period. These results indicate that dietary tryptophan may be diverted from the kynurenine and serotonin pathways by parasite metabolism to compounds possessing potential pharmacological or toxic activity. PMID- 1117201 TI - Infectious Diseases Society of America. Concepts in training, performance in practice. PMID- 1117202 TI - Hepatitis A and facilities for preschool children. PMID- 1117203 TI - Letter: White blood cell count: implications for delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 1117204 TI - Editorial: University of Miami School of Medicine--M.D.-Ph.D. program. PMID- 1117205 TI - Kinetics of hemodiafiltration. I. In vitro transport characteristics of a hollow fiber blood ultrafilter. AB - The transport characteristics of a hollow-fiber blood ultrafilter were studied in vitro to provide an understanding of the factors which control solute removal rate and to permit design of a full-scale clinical device. The dependence of ultrafiltrate flux on transmembrane pressure difference, protein concentration, flow rate, and fiber geometry was correlated in terms of available theoretical analyses. Solute rejection was 1.0 for albumin and decreased to nearly zero for solutes of several thousand molecular weight. An analysis of overall hemodiafilter behavior showed that blood and ultrafiltrate flow rates of 200 ml. per minute can be attained with a device of reasonable size which would provide an inulin whole blood clearance of about 100 ml. per minute. PMID- 1117206 TI - The effect of inosine, pyruvate, and inorganic phosphate on 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, adenine, and hypoxanthine nucleotide synthesis in outdated human erythrocytes. AB - Phosphate compounds of red cells stored at 4 degrees C. in acid-citrate-dextrose solution for 15 to 44 days, incubated at 37 degrees C. for 2 and 4 hours with inosine, pyruvate, and inorganic phosphate, and then stored for 2 weeks have been examined by ion-exchange column chromatography. After 2 and 4 hours of incubation the 2,3-diphospholycerate level increased to 1,385 and 1,819 mumoles per 100 ml. of erythroeytes, respectively. After 4 hours of incubation the content of AIP increased to about 80 per cent of the physiologic level, while the content of AMP and ADP decreased considerably. These data suggest that the elevation of ATP is in part connected with the phosphorylation of AMP and ADP. The incorporation of inosine or hypoxanthine into the IMP and ITP has been proved. Four hours incubation period caused the synthesis of IMP and ITP to the mean value of 187 and 141 mumoles per 100 ml. of erythrocytes, respectively. No evidence of IDP formation was observed during the chromatographic separations of erythrocytic phosphate compounds. Storage of the erythrocyte suspension which has been incubated for 4 hours leads to the slower decomposition of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, ATP, ITP, and IMP, and to the increase of AMP and ADP. PMID- 1117207 TI - Enhancement of filterability of sickle cells by cyanate: an effect independent of oxygen saturation. AB - Filterability and morphology of cyanate-treated sickle cells were compared to those of untreated cells at equal oxygen saturations to determine whether carbamylation inhibited sickling by an effect other than by its alteration of the oxygen dissociation curve. Morphology of treated and untreated cells was not significantly different at all levels of oxygen saturation examined. Filterability, on the other hand, was improved significantly by carbamylation. This latter finding indicates that carbamylation enhances deformability of sickle cells by a mechanism(s) in addition to its effect on red cell oxygen saturation. This mechanism(s) may account for the clinical benefit of cyanate therapy with doses which do not significantly affect the oxygen dissociation curve. PMID- 1117208 TI - Impaired renal tubular reabsorption of sodium in hypothyroid man. AB - The renal response to acute salt loading and to stimuli for rapid sodium conservation was studied in 14 patients with untreated myxedema and in 13 euthyroid control subjects in balance on a 155 mEq. sodium intake. The salt loading studies reveal urinary excretion of sodium in the myxedema patients within the range of controls despite reductions of 34 per cent in glomerular filtration (p less than 0.001) and 37 per cent in filtered load of sodium (p less than 0.001) in the former group. The capacity to conserve sodium in response to stimuli for rapid sodium conservation [postural change and administration of a supramaximal dose of 9alpha-fluorohydrocortisone (9alpha-F)] was impaired in patients with myxedema. The per cent decrease in sodium excretion during the upright posture in the hypothyroid patients was 28 per cent, less than half that observed in the control subjects, 62 per cent (p less than 0.005). Following administration of 2 mg. of 9 alpha-F the per cent decrease in sodium excretion was less (p less than 0.05) in the hypothyroid patients (50 per cent) than in control subjects (72 per cent). In all studies, baseline sodium excretion was comparable in both groups. Fractional excretion of sodium was significantly increased in the hypothyroid patients prior to (p less than 0.005) and during saline loading (p less than 0.05) and at the time of the subnormal responses to stimuli for acute sodium conservation (p less than 0.05 less than 0.005). Potassium excretion was reduced in the hypothyroid patients, even after 9alpha-F. These observations indicate decreased tubular reabsorption of sodium in myxedema under the experimental conditions described. The findings are most consistent with a role for thyroid hormone in normal sodium reabsorption. That this is not related to mineralocorticoid deficiency is suggested by the impaired sodium reabsorptive response to 9alpha-F. PMID- 1117209 TI - A simplified and rapid quantitative assay for propionic and methylmalonic acids in urine. AB - Propionic and methylmalonic aciduria occur individually in inborn errors of metabolism and together in vitamin B12-deficient states. A method is described for the simultaneous and rapid extraction of these acids from urine and their quantification by a simple gas chromatographic technique. The assay is based upon the spontaneous and quantitative decarboxylation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) at 225 degrees C. to its monocarboxylic acid product, propionic acid. By utilizing another substituted malonic acid, ethylmalonic acid, as a specific internal standard, accurate quantitation is possible by peak height ratio analysis, Endogenous propionic acid is then measured at 130 degrees C., a temperature at which methylmalonic acid does not decarboxylate. The assay is rapid with a total running time of approximately 2 hours. The method provides excellent resolution of propionic acid excretion at or above 0.5 mg. per liter of urine. The level of resolution for methylmalonic acid, in the presence of propionic aciduria, was 5 mg. per liter of urine. PMID- 1117210 TI - Non chromatographic colorimetric assay for total taurine-conjugated bile acids: application of measurements of glycine: taurine ratio in bile. AB - A direct colorimetric assay for total conjugated taurine from bile-rich duodenal aspirates is described. The method is based on complete acetylation of the free hydroxyl groups by acetic anhydride at 100 degrees C. of both the tri- and di hydroxy bile acids in Folch extracted bile samples. Taurine-conjugated bile acids are measured by ion pair formation with Azure A and subsequent extraction of the complex into the organic phase of a biphasic system. Absorption at 645 nm. of this complex directly quantifies total taurine-conjugated bile acid. Total bile acids are then estimated by the 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase assay. The difference between the concentration of the total conjugated bile acid and of the total conjugated taurine determines the concentration of glycine conjugates and the glycine:taurine ratio. Potentially interfering materials such as sulphalipids, certain phospholipids, and unconjugated bile acids are removed by Folch extraction. The 3-hydroxysteroid sulfates (cholesteryl sulfate, lithocholate sulfate, and glycocholate sulfate) are not measurable by heating in acetic anhydride and do not interfere. Taurolithocholate-3-sulfate, under identical conditions, gives a measurable but very low color yield and in normal physiologic concentrations would contribute negligible color. As previously reported, this assay under prescribed conditions is selective for long-chain amphipathic sulfates or sulfonates with no measurable color yield with glycine conjugates, unconjugated bile acids, free fatty acids, or lecithin. Values for glycine:taurine ratios by the above-described method in both normal bile extracts and extracts from patients with either elevated or depressed ratios relate closely to those determined by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1117211 TI - Sequential blood samples from the tail vein of rats and mice obtained with modified Liebig condenser jackets and vacuum. AB - A simple method for obtaining multiple, sizeable blood samples rapidly and sequentially from mice and rats without the use of anesthesia utilizing an adapted Liebig condenser jacket connected to a vacuum line is described. The method permits the removal and insertion of sample tubes during the procedure so that anticoagulated and clotted specimens can be obtained during a single bleeding. PMID- 1117212 TI - Proceedings: Cytological changes in the pituitary gland of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, associated with hormone secretion. PMID- 1117213 TI - Proceedings: Changes in prostaglandin F content of the rabbit ovary associated with ovulation. PMID- 1117214 TI - Effects of testosterone and prolactin or growth hormone on the accessory sex organs of castrated mice. AB - In 5-day experiments, neither bovine prolactin (300 or 100 i.u./kg) nor ovine growth hormone (25 i.u./kg) alone significantly enhanced accessory sex organ weights in the castrated mouse. Seminal vesicle weights, and to a lesser extent anterior prostate gland weights, were augmented by the simultaneous injection of testosterone (1-5 mg/kg) daily plus prolactin or growth hormone. The effect was greater than that produced by testosterone alone. The levels of fructose in accessory sex organs used to indicate androgenic activity were similar in castrated mice receiving testosterone alone or in combination with prolactin or growth hormone. Prolactin alone did not influence uptake of (3H)testosterone by the seminal vesicles or anterior prostate gland over a 5 min period in vivo. PMID- 1117215 TI - Proceedings: Utero-ovarian venous plasma levels of prostaglandin F alpha' progesterone and oestradiol in non-pregnant and early pregnant guinea-pigs. PMID- 1117216 TI - Proceedings: Prostaglandin secretion by the autotransplanted uterus in sheep. PMID- 1117217 TI - Proceedings: Lack of hypercalcaemia on infusing prostaglandin E2 to rats, argues against its suggested role in the 'non-parathyroid hypercalcaemic tumour' syndrome. PMID- 1117218 TI - Oestrogen, progesterone and corticosteroid concentrations in peripheral plasma of sows during pregnancy, parturition, lactation and after weaning. AB - Steroid hormone concentrations in plasma have been measured in blood samples taken from conscious sows with ear vein catheters. In late pregnancy, the plasma progesterone concentration ranged from 6 to 12 ng/ml and it decreased in all animals before the onset of parturition. Total unconjugated oestrogens increased to high values of up to about 3 ng/ml in late pregnancy and then declined after the onset of parturition. Oestrone was the predominant unconjugated oestrogen measured. Plasma corticosteroid (mainly cortisol) concentration was about 33 ng/ml and showed no consistent change at the time of parturition. During lactational anoestrum the plasma concentration of progesterone and total unconjugated oestrogens was very low, while that of corticosteroids was 21 ng/ml. When the piglets were weaned at 26-31 days, sows came into oestrus 4-12 days later, and this was preceded, or accompanied by, an increase in plasma oestrogens. In the luteal phase, plasma progesterone concentrations rose to 20-35 ng/ml. A sow whose piglets were removed at birth, showed signs of oestrus (vulval enlargement and a lordosis response), but a lack of receptivity to the boar associated with no detectable changes in the plasma oestrogen concentration; however, ovulation probably occurred since plasma progesterone values increased in a manner comparable to that found after the formation of normal corpora lutea in other sows. After a second non-receptive cycle, the sow was mated and became pregnant at the third post-weaning oestrus. At parturition the concentration of progesterone and total unconjugated oestrogens was greater in placental venous plasma than in maternal jugular plasma, which indicates placental synthesis of these hormones. A greater concentration of plasma corticosteroids in foetal blood than in placental venous or maternal jugular plasma suggests foetal synthesis in late pregnancy. PMID- 1117219 TI - Proceedings: Endocrine changes during the induction of parturition in the pregnant rat by continuous intra-aortic infusion of prostaglandin F2 alpha. PMID- 1117220 TI - Proceedings: Effect of oxytocin on plasma prostaglandin F levels in the pregnant and post-partum ewe. PMID- 1117221 TI - Superfusion in vitro in the study of ovarian steroidogenesis. AB - A method for the continuous superfusion of porcine corpus luteum tissue is described which readily allows both the introduction of regulatory factors to the incubating tissue, and sampling of the tissue. Oestrogen (principally oestradiol) and progestin (principally progesterone) can be measured for up to 24 h in the superfusate from corpora lutea of all ages, and the secretion of both steroids is stimulated by the addition of luteinizing hormone. The pattern of response of both steroids to a pulse of gonadotrophin was similar in that a rapid transient increase in secretion occurred followed some time later by a secondary and more prolonged response. A second pulse of gonadotrophin introduced 6 h after the first also stimulated steroid secretion, indicating that during superfusion in vitro the porcine corpus luteum does not become refractory to the steroidogenic effect of gonadotrophin. PMID- 1117222 TI - Proceedings: Reduced sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to prostaglandins E2 and A2 during pregnancy in sheep and rabbits. PMID- 1117223 TI - Proceedings: In-vitro metabolism of prostaglandins in tissues from the pregnant human uterus. PMID- 1117224 TI - Proceedings: Prostaglandin production and metabolism by homogenates of pregnant human deciduum and myometrium. PMID- 1117225 TI - Proceedings: Sympathetic nervous activity after adrenalectomy in the rat. PMID- 1117226 TI - Restoration by oestradiol benzoate of a neural and hormonal rhythm in the ovariectomized rat. AB - The rate of [35S]methionine incorporation into protein in discrete cerebral areas was measured before and after the administration of oestradiol benzoate (OB) to chronically ovariectomized rats. The circadian rhythm of incorporation which is normally seen in the intact cyclic female rat was deleted by ovariectomy. A daily rhythm of incorporation reappeared, however, in all the brain areas studied 30 h after a single injection of OB (20 mug), and was still present 12 days later. The release of luteinizing hormone (LH) after administration of 20 mug OB was measured in chronically ovariectomized animals and was found to be biphasic. High levels of LH after ovariectomy were initially reduced by negative feedback, but this phase was followed 52 h later by a facilitation of LH release between 15.00 and 18.00 h. The facilitation of LH release at this time of day was still detectable 12 days after the initial injection. The evidence for a functional link between the rhythm of neural activity which is reflected by [35S]methionine incorporation, and the ability to 'time' the facilitation of LH release is discussed. PMID- 1117227 TI - Proceedings: Effects of differential housing and glucocorticoid administration on immune responses to sheep red blood cells in albino TO strain mice. PMID- 1117228 TI - Proceedings: Inhibitory effect of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on parathyroid hormone secretion in the goat. PMID- 1117229 TI - Proceedings: Development of a radioimmunoassay for morphine having minimal cross reactivity with codeine. PMID- 1117230 TI - Episodic release of luteinizing hormone in the domestic fowl. AB - Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in serial samples taken from intact adult cockerels, gonadectomized fowl of both sexes and laying hens. By sampling at 30 and 10 min intervals, it was shown that in cockerels LH is released episodically. Each secretory episode lasted 90-120 min and was characterized by a 100-200% rise in LH levels over a period of 10-15 min followed by a more gradual, exponential decline. Mean plasma LH levels were found to be depressed in cockerels as a result of the handling associated with taking blood samples; in cases where LH levels were most depressed, an episodic pattern of secretion could not be demonstrated. In the gonadectomized fowl, an episodic pattern of LH secretion was shown when blood samples were taken at 10 or 5 min intervals. During each secretory episode, which lasted 20-45 min, LH levels rose by 20-60%. It is suggested that the increase in mean plasma LH levels in gonadectomized fowl (30-77 ng/ml) over those in cockerels (7-16 ng/ml) is related to an increase in the frequency of the episodic release of the hormone. Episodic discharges of LH could not be demonstrated in laying hens. In these birds the mean LH levels are low (1-5--2-4 ng/ml) and consequently may be maintained by secretory episodes which are of too low an amplitude to be detectable. PMID- 1117231 TI - Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone in gonadectomized Japanese quail exposed to short or to long daylengths. AB - Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in gonadectomized male and female Japanese quail, exposed either to 8 h light: 16 h darkness per day (8L:16D; short days) or to 20L:4D (long days). In both sexes, exposure to long days increased LH levels and in the gonadectomized quail LH continued to rise over several weeks. Eventually the castrated quail had levels about five times higher than the control birds and the ovariectomized quail had levels about 14 times higher than their controls. Quail kept on short days had low LH levels while birds kept on long days and returned to short days resumed low levels after a delay of some days. Since very high levels of LH occurred in gonadectomized quail only when they were on long days, we conclude that the photoperiodic regulation of LH secretion does not operate solely by adjusting sensitivity to gonadal feedback, but works in a more direct manner. Ovariectomized females whether on long days (high LH) or short days (low LH) grew masculine plumage and castrated males retained male plumage. This confirms that the ovary is responsible for sexual dimorphism of plumage and shows that the action of the ovary is not mediated by LH (through feedback). The remaining rudimentary (right) gonad in ovariectomized females did not undergo visible hypertrophy and did not secrete enough hormone to stimulate the cloacal gland or oviduct. PMID- 1117232 TI - Clearance and metabolism of neurophysins by rat kidney. AB - The half-life in the circulation of 125I-labelled porcine neurophysins, injected intravenously into rats, was determined. The radioactivity in blood collected at intervals after injection was characterized as neurophysin by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The half-life of neurophysin I was 1-5 plus or minus 0-1 (S.E.M.) min and that of neurophusin II was 1-7 plus or minus 0-1 min. The metabolic clearance rate of neurophysin I and neurophysin II was 1-9 plus or minus 0-1 and 1-3 plus or minus 0-2 ml/min/200 g respectively. Clearance from the circulation was due to both equilibration with the extravescular space and rapid specific accumulation by the kidney. The neurophysins were filtered at the glomerulus. Most of the neurophysin takken up by the kidney was incorporated into lysosomes, probably in the proximal tubule and degraded to low-molecular-weight metabolites which appeared in urine and which represented the principle mode of excretion of neurophysins. PMID- 1117233 TI - Distribution of radioactivity in the organs of the rat and mouse after injection of (125I)alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. AB - The distribution of radioactivity after intrajugular injection of 125I-labelled alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) was studied by whole-body autoradiography of the mouse and by direct measurement of radioactivity in individual organs of the rat. Very high uptake of radioactivity in the pineal gland was measured 5 min after the injection of (125I)alpha-MSH. Lower levels of accumulation of radioactivity were found in the kidney and in the posterior (including intermediate) lobe of the pituitary. High uptake was also found in the thyroid, stomach, and oesophagus. The specificity of uptake of (125I)alpha-MSH into the pineal and pituitary is suggested by the very low uptake of Na125I into those tissues. PMID- 1117234 TI - Distribution of radioactivity in the organs of the rat and mouse after injection of L-(3H)prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide. AB - The distribution of radioactivity after intrajugular injection of L-(3H)-prolyl-L leucyl-glycinamide has been studied by whole-body autoradiography in the mouse and by direct measurement of radioactivity in individual organs of the rat. There is good agreement between results obtained with the two techniques and animal species. High levels of radioactivity were found in the pineal gland, anterior pituitary, posterior (including intermediate) lobe of the pituitary, and epididymal and brown fat. Lower uptake of radioactivity occurred in the submaxillary gland, kidney, and adrenal gland. The preferential uptake of radioactivity by the pineal gland after injection of the labelled tripeptide suggests a role for this hypothalamic hormone in the control of pineal activity. PMID- 1117235 TI - Pituitary hormone secretion in the genectically male rat pseudohermaphrodite. AB - Pituitary content or concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin and growth hormone in the genetically androgen insensitive male rat pseudohermaphrodite is intermediate between normal male and female rats, while pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration and serum FSH levels are the same as in the normal male. The concentration of serum LH, prolactin and growth hormone indicated no sexual dimorphism. Although the pseudohermaphrodite is genetically male with a female phenotype, our results suggest some degree of masculinization of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. PMID- 1117236 TI - A comparison of the characteristics of parturition induced by prostaglandin F2alpha, infused intra-aortically, with those following ovariectomy in the rat. AB - Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) was infused intra-aortically at different rates into rats for 11-5 h from day 18 of gestation. At doses in excess of 5 mug/h premature delivery invariably occ'rred 40-41 h later. At lower doses an all-or none effect was observed, some animals delivering prematurely and others continuing to term. Parturition could not be induced earlier than 40 h after the start of the treatment even by a continuous infusion of PGF2alpha, suggesting that the luteolytic role of PGF2alpha is more important than its oxytocic action in this case. The rate of fall in plasma progesterone was greater in the rats delivering prematurely than those delivering at term, although the final concentrations of between 15 and 30 ng/ml at delivery were the same. Labour appeared more normal in the animals receiving PGF2alpha than in those which had been bilaterally ovariectomized. The possible significance of this in relation to an effect of PGF2alpha on oestrogen secretion is discussed. PMID- 1117237 TI - Partial feminization of hepatic steroid metabolism in male rats after neonatal administration of cyproterone acetate. AB - The metabolism of (4-14C)4-androstene-3,17-dione, (4-14C)5alpha-androstane 3alpha, 17beta-diol and (1,2-3H)5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol 3,17 disulphate was studied using the microsomal fraction and the metabolism of (4 14C)4-androstene-3,17-dione was studied using the 105 000 g supernatant fraction of liver from male and female rats aged 5 months that had been treated with cyproterone acetate before (from day 13 of pregnancy) and after birth (until 3 weeks of age). Nearly all sex-dependent enzyme activities in the treated male rats were changes in a direction characteristic of female rats: 5alpha-reductase active on 4-androstene-3,17-dione increased in activity whereas 3beta- and 17alpha-hydroxysteroid reductases and 6beta- and 16alpha-hydroxylases active on 4 androstene-3,17-dione and 2alpha-, 2beta- and 18-hydroxylases active on 5alpha androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol decreased in activity. Enzyme activities not under gonadal control, i.e. 3alpha- and 17beta-hydroxysteroid reductases active on 4 androstene-3,17-dione and 7alpha-hydroxylase active on both 4-androstene-3,17 dione and 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol, were not affected by cyproterone acetate. The liver enzyme activities in treated female rate were generally not affected although significant effects were noted in two cases; in one of these (17alpha-hydroxysteroid reductase) a testosterone-like effect was observed. The results obtained are probably best explained in the following way: treatment with theanti-androgen during the neonatal period results in less efficient imprinting of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system leading to less pronounced masculine setting of sex-dependent enzyme levels and also to a relative androgen unresponsiveness. It is suggested that the biochemical methods used in the degree of neonatal sexual differentiation of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system than biological and psychological methods previously available. PMID- 1117238 TI - Estimation of aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 18-hydroxy-11-deoxy corticosterone, corticosterone, cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection. AB - A method for determining the plasma concentrations of six major corticosteroids, aldosterone, 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone (DOC), cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol using gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection is described. Esterification of suitable derivatives of these compounds with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFB) allowed detection of quantitities of steroid, ranging from 0-3 pg for androstenetrione HFB (from cortisol) to 2-3 pg for corticosterone HFB. No detectable reagent blank was obtained for any compound when water was used instead of plasma and this was also the case when plasma from an adrenalectomized subject was analysed, with the exception of 18-OH-DOC where a reproducible but negligibly small blank occurred. Coefficients of variation for replicate determinations ranged from 8% for corticosterone to 17% for aldosterone. Concentrations in a series of normal human plasma samples were as follows: aldosterone, 4-0- 18-0 ng/100 ml; 18-OH-DOC, 20-16- ng/ml; corticosterone, 0-08 - 0.-80 mug/100 ml; DOC, 2-8 - 16-0 ng/100 ml; cortisol, 2-5 - 10-0 mug/100 ml; and 11-deoxycortisol, 40-0 - 400-0 ng/100 ml. When seven normal subjects were treated with dexamethasone concentrations of DOC, cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol fell to below the limit of the normal range, those of 18-OH-DOC and corticosterone were at the lower end of the normal range while the concentration of aldosterone was not significantly affected. PMID- 1117239 TI - Effect of calcium deprivation on parathyroid hormone-mediated bone and kidney contributions to the maintenance of plasma calcium in rats. AB - This study was designed to investigate the roles of bone and kidney in the acute regulation of plasma calcium by parathyroid hormone (PTH) during prolonged calcium deprivation. The effect of PTH was assessed by gland ablation. Animals were thyroparathyroidectomized or sham-operated and their urine was collected for 3 h. Subsequently they were anaesthetized and bled from the abdominal aorta. In rats fed on a low calcium diet, urinary hydroxyproline excretion was enhanced and, unlike animals fed on a normal diet, decreased 3 h after thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX). In addition TPTX decreased plasma calcium by 0-45 mg/100 ml in normal rats compared with 1-94 mg/100 ml in animals fed on a calcium deficient diet. Urinary calcium increased by 161 and 12 mug and accounted for 82 and 1-4 % of the fall in plasma calcium in normal and calcium-deprived animals respectively. The corresponding contributions of bone were 18 and 98-6%. These findings support the view that with prolonged calcium deprivation in adult rats, the relative contributions of bone and kidney to the acute regulation of the plasma calcium level by PTH are reversed. As a result, bone rather than kidney becomes the more important organ. At the same time non-PTH-mediated kidney reabsorption of calcium is increased. PMID- 1117240 TI - Concentrations of prolactin in serial blood samples from goats before, during and after milking throughout lactation. AB - Two experiments are described in which prolactin was measured in (a) serial blood samples taken at monthly intervals (April-November) from six lactating goats before, during and after milking and (b) in similar blood samples taken on days 2, 7 and 12 after parturition. The quantity of prolactin released at milking (April-August) varied both between goats and within the individual goat. No correlation was found between the duration of milking and the quantity of prolactin released into the circulation (r equals minus 0-24, P greater than 0-1) or the average concentration of prolactin found at milking (April-August) and the average daily milk yield of the individual goat (r equals minus 0-57, P greater than 0-1). No evidence was found for a release of prolactin conditioned by events normally preceding milking. The results showed a correlation between the average concentration of prolactin released at milking each month and the average milk yield of the six goats (r equals 0-67, P smaller than 0-05). The physiological significance of this correlation is discussed. No correlation was found between the average concentration of prolactin released during early lactation and the average milk yield of the goats (r equals 0-36, P greater than 0-1). PMID- 1117241 TI - Seasonal factors affecting the release of prolactin in goats in response to milking. AB - An investigation has been carried out in goats of the possible seasonal factors which might influence the autumn decline in the average concentration of prolactin released at milking. Serial blood samples were taken during milking, once a month between August and December 1972, from groups of mated, non-mated and ovariectomized goats and also from goats maintained in summer light conditions (17 h light: 7 hr darkness). Since high levels of progesterone occur in the circulation during the major part of the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the goat, the same sampling procedure was carried out earlier in the year (June August) in animals which had been implanted with progesterone tablets. Although high levels of progesterone in the circulation inhibited the release of prolactin at milking, oestrus, mating and pregnancy were not found to be responsible for the fall in prolactin levels in the blood in the autumn. In each of these cases the concentration of prolactin released at milking decreased uniformly between August and October. Housing goats in summer lighting conditions, however, maintained the release of prolactin at milking at a consistently high level from August until December, but had no effect on the milk yield which declined in a manner similar to that of the control animals. It is concluded that daylength is the predominant factor governing the autumn decline in the concentration of prolactin released at milking and that the decline is not the major cause of the fall in milk production during late lactation in goats. PMID- 1117242 TI - Plasma progesterone and its relationship to serum gonadotrophins in immature female rats. AB - In immature female rats, low values for concentrations of plasma progesterone were generally found from days 6-15 and from days 25-32 of life. Maximum progesterone concentrations (13-0-14-1 ng/ml), comparable to metoestrous values in the adult rat, occurred on days 20-22. The progesterone appeared to be of ovarian origin since after ovariectomy, on day 18, low progesterone concentrations were found 1 and 2 days later (2-5 ng/ml and 1-3 ng/ml) as compared with control values of 10-7 ng/ml and 14-1 ng/ml. However, adrenalectomy also lowered progesterone concentrations, 1 and 2 days later (6-4 and 4-9 ng/ml). The effect of progesterone, either alone or in combination with oestradiol benzoate (OB), on serum gonadotrophins was studied in rats ovariectomized on day 18. The highest dose of progesterone (0-15 mg) only slightly diminished the rise in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) after ovariectomy and had no effect on serum follicle-stimulating hormone FSH). Oestradiol benzoate in a dose of 0-025 mug/100 g body weight was highly effective in preventing the rise in both LH and FSH concentrations, and OB treatment (resulting in a near-physiological oestradiol concentration) combined with progesterone treatment was more effective than treatment with OB alone. The results suggest that the amounts of progesterone and oestradiol present in the 20-day-old rat are adequate to cause the decrease in FSH level normally observed in immature female rats around this age. PMID- 1117243 TI - Effect of serotonin and progesterone on induced ovulation in immature rats. AB - Serotonin (50 and 100 mg/kg), given subcutaneously, inhibited induced ovulation in immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). A single injection was effective if given 52-55 h after the PMSG, i.e. in the 3 h period after the critical period before ovulation. The injection of serotonin inhibited the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary since the pituitary levels were higher than in the control animals and there was complete inhibition of the plasma LH surge. The anti-ovulatory effect was reversed by administration of progesterone and endogenous plasma progesterone levels were reduced in the late evening after serontonin treatment. The site of action of serotonin appeared to be peripheral since it inhibited induced ovulation in hypophysectomized rats but was without effect in intact rats treated intraventricularly. It is suggested that progesterone is essential for the occurrence of induced ovulation and serotonin inhibits either its secretion at the ovarian level or its passage away from the ovary. PMID- 1117244 TI - Thyrotrophin concentrations in the plasma of cattle, sheep and foetal lambs as measured by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay technique for measuring the thyrotrophin (TSH) concentration of sheep and cattle plasma is described. The sensitivity of the assay allowed the measurement of 1-50 ng TSH/ml unextracted plasma. Cross-reaction with ovine luteinizing hormone, prolactin and growth hormone was very low. The average recovery of added TSH was 103 plus or minus 4-1 (S.E.M.)% and the between-assay coefficient of variation was 13-8%. The normal plasma TSH levels of sheep and cattle were approximately 2-5 ng/ml (5 mu. bovine TSH/100ml). Foetal sheep had plasma TSH concentrations of approximately 3-2 ng/ml during the last 20 days of gestation. Levels of TSH in the circulation decreased abruptly after hypophysectomy of the foetal lamb and a decline in the plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations was also apparent within 24 h of the operation. However, thyroidectomy of adult and foetal sheep did not increase plasma TSH concentrations until almost all the T4 had been cleared from the circulation. The injection of T4 into thyroidectomized sheep rapidly reduced plasma TSH concentrations to normal values. However, the continued injection of T4 did not further reduce TSH concentration. The injection of T4 or triiodothyronine into normal sheep was also without effect on plasma TSH concentrations. PMID- 1117245 TI - Pituitary gonadotrophins and androgen release induced by a synthetic tetrapeptide in male prepubertal and adult rats. PMID- 1117246 TI - Androgen control of the ventral scent gland in Neotoma floridana. PMID- 1117247 TI - Animal psychophysics: improvements in the tracking method. AB - It is difficult to maintain stimulus control in animal psychophysical studies using the tracking method. Loss of stimulus control is characterized by wandering thresholds and responses in the absence of the stimulus. Rats were trained to make a variable number of licking responses to turn on an auditory stimulus. A response on a lever in the presence of the stimulus was reinforced with food. Two precedures were added to improve stimulus control. First, lever responses in the absence of the stimulus raised the intensity of the stimulus at the next presentation; second, rate of reinforcement in the threshold region was maintained at about the same level as that in the suprathreshold region by reducing the number of licking responses required to turn on the stimulus. Using these two procedures, stimulus control was improved and maintained and reliable auditory intensity thresholds were obtained. PMID- 1117248 TI - Some effects of response-independent reinforcement on auditory generalization gradients. AB - Two groups of six rats received discrimination training with two auditory stimuli differing in intensity. During one stimulus, the schedule was variable interval; during the other, it was either variable time or extinction. Both the variable time and extinction schedules resulted in differential rates of responding in the presence of the two stimuli. Extinction resulted in an earlier and more stable difference. Stimulus generalization gradients obtained along the noise-intensity dimension revealed peak shift with both procedures. In addition, a secondary peak to stimuli in between the two training stimuli occurred with the variable-time schedule. PMID- 1117249 TI - Rule-governed imitative verbal behavior as a function of modeling procedures. PMID- 1117250 TI - Discrimination of color and pattern novelty in one-month human infants. PMID- 1117251 TI - Discrimination of mirror-image shapes by young children. PMID- 1117252 TI - Recognition memory retention interval and information load. PMID- 1117253 TI - Improving aural comprehension in white and in black children. Pictures versus print. PMID- 1117254 TI - Differential reinforcement of low rates performance by impulsive and reflective children. PMID- 1117255 TI - Effects of input conditions on intramodal and crossmodal visual and kinesthetic matches by children. PMID- 1117256 TI - The meaning of before and after for preschool children. PMID- 1117257 TI - The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the cell cycle of promonocytes and the production of monocytes in the bone marrow. AB - The present communication concerns the effect of azathioprine on the mitotic activity of promonocytes and the production of monocytes. In vitro and in vivo labeling with [3H]thymidine showed that during azathioprine treatment the promonocytes synthesize DNA and that, contrary to expectation, the labeling index increases. Cytospectrophotometric determination of the Feulgen-DNA content of the promonocytes during azathioprine treatment showed an increase in the percentage of tetraploid promonocytes, and determination of the various phases of the cell cycle showed significantly increased DNA synthesis and cell cycle times as compared with the normal steady state. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that azathioprine arrests the cell cycle of the promonocytes late in the DNA synthesis phase or in the postsynthesis (G2) phase and mitosis does not occur. This timing of the effect of azathioprine had not been previously observed. The diminished mitotic activity of the promonocytes during azathioprine treatment depressed monocyte production. During treatment with 3 mg/kg azathioprine the cell cycle time of the promonocytes was on the average 5.5 h longer than in the normal steady state and the rate of monocyte production was reduced by 70%. During an acute inflammatory reaction too, monocyte production is affected by azathioprine. In animals not treated with azathioprine but with an acute inflammation the cell cycle time becomes shorter and the monocyte production increases, but animals treated with (3 mg/kg) azathioprine do not show this effect. The kinetics of the monocyte also changes under the low dosage of azathioprine. As consequence of the diminished production of monocytes, far fewer (about 50%) monocytes enter and leave the circulation than during the normal steady state. During an acute inflammatory reaction the numbers in transit through the circulation are slightly augmented but remain considerably lower than in nonazathioprine-trehat of animals not treated with azathioprine. PMID- 1117259 TI - Shadowgraphs of bulbs, bottles, and panes. PMID- 1117258 TI - Augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity by doses of cyclophosphamide which do not affect antibody responses. AB - Mice immunized with more SRBC than are required to produce optimal delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, developed good antibody responses and poor delayed foot pad reactions. Cyclophosphamide treatment in low doses (20 mg/kg) before immunization, augmented the delayed-type hypersensitivity without affecting antibody responses. Cyclophosphamide did not augment delayed responses to optimal doses of SRBC (0.01%), but did augment the delayed hypersensitivity response of mice immunized with a suboptimal antigen dose (0.001%); which produced no detectable antibody response with or without cyclophosphamide pretreatment. These results suggest that antibody feedback is not the sole regulator of delayed reactions; the possibility that suppressor T cells may also be involved is discussed. PMID- 1117260 TI - Firearm residue detection by instrumental neutron activation analysis. AB - Work leading to an improved technique for firearm discharge residue detection by neutron activation is described. The troublesome and time-consuming postirradiation chemistry has been eliminated; also, sample size has been minimized to accommodate some 130 samples per irradiation capsule. To put the method in a proper perspective, previous work has been referenced and discussed. PMID- 1117261 TI - Change in muzzle velocity due to freezing and water immersion of .22, long rifle, K.F. cartridges. AB - A study of change in muzzle velocity due to freezing and water immersion of .22, long rifle, K. F. cartridges has been presented. A statistical criterion has been formulated to ascertain whether or not a cartridge undergoes a change in muzzle velocity due to a particular treatment. The muzzle velocity data of .22, long rifle, K. F. cartridges, obtained by an electronic timer before and after the various treatments, have been analyzed in the light of this criterion. These cartridges have generally been found to suffer considerable loss in muzzle velocity when immersed in water for three weeks and also when immersed in water for three days and simultaneously cooled to 0 degrees C. The forensic significance of this loss in muzzle velocity has been discussed. PMID- 1117262 TI - Analysis of explosives and explosive residues. Part 1: chemical tests. PMID- 1117263 TI - A portable explosives identification kit for field use. AB - This study has shown the feasibility of using a miniaturized TLC kit for the presumptive identification of explosives in the field. The process of TLC field screening of a post-explosion site is nondestructive, resolves constituent explosives from interfering backgrounds, and increases the residence time of isolated specimens in the adsorbed state for subsequent substantive identification by trace methods of instrumental analyses. The cost of the modified Kodak kit for explosives identification (excluding the microscope) is approximately +150. The stock items, such as the fluorescent silica gel sheets, Cab-O-Sil, and solvents, are of nominal cost. The kit is relatively simple to use and personnel with a minimal technical background can be trained in its use. PMID- 1117264 TI - Human or not? A problem in skeletal identification. AB - Frequently, bones submitted to physical anthropologists by law emforcement agencies as human prove to be nonhuman. This results in a waste of time, money, and effort of all concerned. A course has been designed that could be offered by a physical anthropologist either as a workshop or as part of a training program for law enforcement officers. This would consist of teaching through lectures and laboratory work the techniques utilized by physical anthropologists to differentiate human from nonhuman bone, the anatomical relationships of bones of the human skeleton, and methods of recording bones and artifacts as they are recovered so that their original positions are documented both in relationship to each other and to the terrain. Training in these techniques would aid forensic investigators and amplify the kinds of information available to physical anthropological consultants asked to identify skeletal remains recovered by members of a law enforcement agency. PMID- 1117265 TI - Public death: a basic philosophical concept of forensic pathology and medicine. PMID- 1117266 TI - Is the insanity defense "unconscionable"? AB - The debate over the meaningfulness and utility of the insanity defense has continued unabated ober the years. President Nixon has referred to the "unconscionably abuse" of the defense. This paper, presented as part of a panel on the subject, has propounded the view that the defense is unconscionable, using that aspect of the definition dealing with unreasonableness. The historical antecedents and the religious and social philosophy of the concept of responsibility and nonresponsibility have been reviewed. In addition to the inapplicability of the concept to current social problems, and the difficulties of applying current psychiatric knowledge to effect a rational delineation between the two legal entities encompassed under the rubric of responsibility and nonresponsibility, the potential problems and the potential opportunities which may result from the abolition of the plea are presented. With these factors in mind, as well as the obvious failure of the legal-social-penal system in handling the problems of the behaviorally deviant, I believe that the use of the current system has hampered the development of possibly more reasonable alternative systems and that, therefore, the maintenance of the insanity defense is unreasonable and harmful to our society. The insanity defense, as currently constituted and institutionalized, has evolved into a rigid and archaic vestige of the legal system of an earlier era and therefore its use has, in the sense defined, indeed become "unconscionable" and lacking in social meaningfulness. PMID- 1117267 TI - Identification of drugs and other toxic compounds from their ultraviolet spectra. Part II: Ultraviolet absorption properties of thirteen structural groups. AB - The ultraviolet absorption spectra of 13 different chemical classes of drugs and toxic organic compounds were studied. A classification system has been developed in which compounds with the same conjugated molecular system and auxochrome substituents are grouped together. Each of these groups has characteristic absorption spectra, showing similarities in the number of major bands, position of maximum absorbance, pH effects, and solvent effects. The absorption maxima and molecular absorptivities are tabulated for approximately 100 compounds, and characteristic spectra of each designated group are illustrated. Classes of drugs included in this study are pyridine derivatives, hydrazines, pyridylamine derivatives, variously substituted phenols, barbiturates, ureides, imides, hydantoins, and conjugted ketones (enones). PMID- 1117268 TI - Sexual asphyxia in the female. AB - The author has reported what appears to be a clearly defined masochistic hanging in the female. This is supported by many of the usual characteristics inherent in most male hangings. Although it was not the function of the police, a background study of the victim by a medical authority unfortunately was not made, which is so often the case in deaths due to sexual asphyxia. PMID- 1117269 TI - Narcotic abuse among homicide victims in Detroit. AB - A record of 751 homicides occurred in Detroit in 1973. An attempt was made to explore the relationship between narcotics and a random sample of these homicides. It was demonstrated that in the group studied, 43% were narcotic users. It is suggested that if one includes pushers and dealers (possibly victims of a "drug war"), people killed by addicts, and those cases where a narcotic might not be detected in the biological sample, the percentage of homicide victims associated with narcotics traffic could be as high as 60 to 70%. An investigation into the manner (executed, killed in a robbery attempt, etc) helps substantiate this suggestion. Finally, unlike the majority of homicide victims, ethanol is infrequently found in the victim using narcotics. PMID- 1117270 TI - The determination of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone oil) in biological materials: a case report. PMID- 1117271 TI - Carisoprodol-related death in a child. AB - A child who ingested approximately 3500 mg of carisoprodol gradually deteriorated and died within 36 h. GC analysis of serum, urine, and gastric samples indicated that meprobamate was the principal metabolite of carisoprodol. PMID- 1117272 TI - Editorial: The last quarter. PMID- 1117273 TI - Experience in the identification of abuse drugs in urines collected under Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime. AB - This paper describes the criteria and analytical approach that were employed to cope with a mass drug urine screening program. Motives and justifications for selecting one technique over another are covered, along with a detailed description of those methods selected. Advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of each procedure are discussed. Results are presented for over 11,500 samples of urine collected from the criminal segment of Philadelphia's population over a period of six months. These were examined for amphetamine, methamphetamine, amobarbital, butabarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, cocaine, codeine, methadone, and morphine. PMID- 1117274 TI - Medical and toxicological aspects of the Watkins Glen rock concert. PMID- 1117275 TI - Alcohol levels in intracranial blood clots. PMID- 1117276 TI - Quantitative extraction of tubocurarine, gallamine, and decamethonium from biological materials. AB - A procedure is described for quantitative extraction of tubocurarine, gallamine, and decamethonium from blood, urine, and tissue. Ion pairs of the drugs are formed with picric acid and are extracted into a dichloromethane/1-pentanol solvent. Qualitative analysis of the extract is effected using thin-layer chromatography. Quantitative analysis is accomplished by elution of TLC areas containing the drug, formation of the ion pair with sodium 9,10 dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate, and analysis of the ion pair by spectrophotofluorometry. PMID- 1117277 TI - A comparative study of the applicability of the scanning electron microscope and the light microscope in the examination of vehicle light filaments. PMID- 1117278 TI - Slow PIII component of the carp electroretinogram. AB - The slow PIII component of the electroretinogram (ERG) was studied in the isolated, aspartate-treated carp retina. Although the latter is richly populated with cones, slow PIII appeared to reflect almost exclusively the activity of rods; e.g. the spectral sensitivity of the potential paralleled closely the rod pigment curve, its operating range (i.e. the V-log I curve) was limited to 3 log units above absolute threshold, and raising background intensities to photopic levels produced saturation of the increment threshold function without evidence of a cone-mediated segment. Only after bleaching away a significant fraction of the porphyropsin was it possible to unmask a small photopic contribution to slow PIII, as evidenced by a displacement in the action spectrum to longer wavelengths. The spatial distribution of the slow PIII voltage within the retina (Faber, D.S. 1969. Ph.D. Thesis. State University of New York. Buffalo, N.Y.; Witkovsky, P.J. Nelson, and H. Ripps. 1973. J. Gen Physiol. 61:401) and its ability to survive aspartate treatment indicate that this potential arises in the Muller (glial) fiber. Additional support for this conclusion is provided by the slow rise time (several seconds) and long temporal integration (up to 40s) of the response. In many respects the properties of slow PIII resemble those of the c wave, a pigment epithelial response also subserved by rod activity. On the other hand, the receptoral (fast PIII) and the b-wave components of the ERG behave quite differently. Unlike slow PIII, response saturation could not be induced, since both potentials are subserved by cones when the stimulus conditions exceed the limits of the scotopic range. Receptors appear to govern light adaptation at photopic background levels; both fast PIII and b-wave manifest identical incremental threshold values over this range of intensities. However, under scotopic conditions, the sensitivity of the b-wave is affected by luminous backgrounds too weak to alter fast PIII threshold, indicating a postreceptoral stage of adaptation. PMID- 1117279 TI - Sensitivity of calcium efflux from squid axons to changes in membrane potential. AB - Squid giant axons were internally dialyzed with a medium free of metabolic substrates but containing 45Ca buffered with EGTA to concentrations of free Ca++ in the range 0.01-230 muM. At (Ca)i of 1.0 muM OR GREATER, Ca efflux was in the range of 1-3 pmol/cm2 s, was dependent on (Na)o and (Ca)o, and was sensitive to membrane potential. At lower (Ca)i, the sensitivity of Ca efflux to membrane potential was greater. Hyperpolarization of the membrane increased, and depolarization decreased Ca efflux over the range of potentials studied (-20 to 100 mV). The maximum sensitivity of Ca efflux to membrane potential was of the order of an e-fold increase in Ca efflux for a 25-mV increase in Em; this sensitivity of Ca efflux to membrane potential was lost if (Na)o was removed and was greatly reduced when (Ca)i was increased to 230 muM. PMID- 1117280 TI - Olfactory receptor responses to sex pheromone components in the redbanded leafroller moth. AB - Electrical responses of single olfactory receptor neurons of the male redbanded leafroller moth were elicited by each of the principle components of the sex pheromone and six other behaviorally active compounds. Response frequencies to equal intensities of each of these compounds and changes in response frequency with increasing amounts of any one compound, varied from receptor to receptor. These differences in response characteristics appear to be due to factors intrinsic to the olfactory recptor neuron and not to factors external to it. The encoding of odor quality by these receptor neurons cannot be in the simple presence or absence of activity in any one of them. Rather, odor quality may be encoded by the pattern of activity which invariably arises across an ensemble of receptor neurons, each having its own distribution of sensitivities. PMID- 1117281 TI - Membrane response to current pulses in spheroidal aggregates of embryonic heart cells. AB - Hearts from chick embryos aged 4,7, or 14 days were dissociated into their component cells, and the cells allowed to reassociate in the form of smooth surfaced spheroidal aggregates on a gyratory shaker. Records from intracellular electrodes inserted into two widely spaced cells in a spontaneously beating aggregate indicated that the action potentials occurred virtually simultaneously. In aggregates made quiescent with tetrodotoxin, the voltage response to a current pulse injected in one cell could be noted by recording with a second microelectrode at various distance from the current source. The magnitude of the response was found not to vary with distance. It is concluded that the component cells in an aggregate are normally tightly coupled electrically; the cell boundaries do not constitute an appreciable resistive barrier. Such ag-regates behave as virtually isopential systems, with properties similar to those of single spherical cells, as modeled by Eisenberg and Engel (1970. J. Gen. Physiol. 55:736-757). Passive membrane time constant ranged from 11 to 31 ms, with a mean value of 17 ms; this value did not vary with aggregate size. Input resistance (V/I) varied inversely with aggregate size, as predicted, but with much scatter in the measured values. Specific membrane resistance was calculated as either 13,000 or 800 ohm-cm2 depending on whether input resistance was attributed to the total cell surface membrane area or to the outer surface of the sphere alone. No systematic difference in passive electrical properties of aggregates composed of 4-, 7-, and 14-day cells was seen. It is concluded that these aggregates may be suitable for voltage clamp analysis of their excitable membrane properties. PMID- 1117282 TI - Metabolism of acetylcholine in the nervous system of Aplysia californica. I. Source of choline and its uptake by intact nervous tissue. AB - Although acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in Aplysia, labeling studies with methionine and serine showed that little choline was synthesized by nervous tissue and indicated that the choline required for the synthesis of acetylcholine must be derived exogenously. Aanglia in the central nervous system (abdominal, cerebral, and pleuropedals) all took up about 0.5 nmol of choline per hour at 9 muM, the concentration of choline we found in hemolymph. This rate was more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of synthesis from the labeled precursors. Ganglia accumulated choline by a process which has two kinetic components, one with a Michaelis constant between 2-8 muM. The other component was not saturated at 420 muM. Presumably the process with the high affinity functions to supply choline for synthesis of transmitter, since the efficiency of conversion to acetylcholine was maximal in the range of external concentrations found in hemolymph. PMID- 1117283 TI - Metabolism of acetylcholine in the nervous system of Aplysia californica. II. Reginal localization and characterization of choline uptake. AB - The choline required for synthesis of acetylcholine is derived exogenously by Aplysia ganglia. Under physiological conditions choline was taken up primarlily by neuropile and nerves and not by cholinergic cell bodies. In addition, compared with their contents of choline acetyltransferase, those components of nervous tissue which contain nerve terminals and axons synthesized acetylcholine far more efficiently. Choline was accumulated by high and low affinity uptake processes; the high affinity process appeared to be characteristic of cholinergic nuerons (Swartz, J. H., M. L. Eisenstadt, and H. Cedar.1975. J. Gen. Physiol. 65:255). The two uptake processes were similarly affected by temperature with a Q10 of 2.8. Both were dependent on a variety of ions in a complicated manner. High affinity uptake seemed to be more dependent on Na+, showed greater inhibition by ouabain, and was selectively inhibited by oxotremorine. We found that the functional state of neurons did not alter uptake of radioactive choline by either process, nor did it change the conversion to radioactive acetylcholine. PMID- 1117284 TI - Metabolism of acetylcholine in the nervous system of Aplysia californica. III. Studies of an indentified cholinergic neuron. AB - [3H] choline and [3H] acetyl CoA were injected into the cell body of an identified cholinergic neuron, the giant R2 of the Aplysia abdominal ganglion, and the fate and distribution of the radioactivity studied. Direct eveidence was obtained that the availabliity of choline to the enzymatic machinery limits synthesis. [3H] choline injected intrasomatically was converted to acetylcholine far more efficiently than choline taken up into the cell body from the bath. Synthesis from injected [3H] acety CoA was increased more than an order of magnitude when the cosubstrate was injected together with a saturating amount of unlabeled choline. In order to study the kinetics of acetylcholine synthesis in the living neuron, we injected [3H] choline in amounts resulting in a range of intracellular concentrations of about four orders of magnitude. The maximal velocity was 300 pmol of acetylcholine/cell/h and the Michaelis constant was 5.9 mM [3H] choline; these values agreed well with those previously reported for choline acetyltransferase assayed in extracts of Aplysia nervous tissue. [3H] acetylcholine turned over within the injected neuron with a half-life of about 9 h. The ultimate product formed was betaine. Subcellular distribution of [3H] acetylcholine was studied using differential and gradient centrifuagtion, gel filtration, and passage through cellulose acetate filters. A small portion of acetylcholine was contained in particulates the size and density expected of cholinergic vesicles. PMID- 1117285 TI - Relationships between voltage and tension in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - The two-microelectrode technique of voltage clamping sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers was used to examine the changes in contraction which occur during trains of voltage clamps. (A "train" is defined as a series of voltage clamps delivered at a particular rate, beginning after a rest long enough that the effects of previous stimulation have died away.) Contractions showed striking staircases, or progressive changes in peak isometric tension, during trains. Short clamps, clamps to voltages more negative than --20 or --30 mV, or holding potentials less negative than the resting potential favored negative staircases, while long clamps, clamps to positive voltages, and holding potentials near the resting potential each favored positive staircases. The staircase behavior appeared to be due to changes in the initial rate of recovery of the ability to contract. The changes in staircase behavior as a function of clamp voltage suggested that the relationship between peak tension and clamp voltage should depend on the experimental design. When the steady-state contraction was plotted as a function of clamp voltage, voltage-tension relations like those recently reported for working ventricle were obtained, with a threshold between --30 and --40 mV and a steep relation between tension and voltage. When the first contraction after a rest was plotted, the threshold voltage was more negative, the curve was flatter, and the peak tensions at inside positive voltages were reduced. PMID- 1117286 TI - Slow inward current and contraction of sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - A "slow" inward current (Is) has been identified in ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers of several mammalian species. The two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique is used to examine some of the relationships between Is and contraction of the sheep cardiac Purkinje fiber. "Tails" of inward current occurring on repolarization and extrapolation of Is recovery each show that the Is system may not inactivate completely during prolonged depolarization. The rate of recovery of Is after a depolarization is slow, and when a train of 300-ms clamps (frequency 1 s-1) is begun after a rest, Is is larger for the first clamp than it is for succeedings clamps. For the first clamp after a rest, the thresholds for Is and tension are the same and there is a direct correlation between peak tension and peak Is for clamp voltages between threshold and minus 40 mV. After a clamp, however, the ability to contract recovers much more slowly than does Is. Therefore, since Is may occur under certain conditions without tension, the realtionship between Is and tension must be indirect. Calcium entering the cell via this current may replenish or augment an intracellular calcium pool. PMID- 1117288 TI - Clinician attitudes toward the suicide attempter. AB - The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and dispositional outcome of 248 suicide attempters were studied in a general hospital emergency room. A mood adjective checklist was completed by evaluating psychiatric residents and three orthogonal factor analytically derived mood clusters were related to sociodemographic, clinical, and dispositional variables. Residents expressed warmth toward patients having low suicide risk and limited overall psychopathology. They felt anxious toward patients with high suicidal risk and significant psychopathology. Angry feelings were reported toward patients with high suicidal risk in the absence of recent precipitating events. Residents reported warmth toward patients admitted to private or mental health center vs. state hospital facilities and tended to devote more time to their clinical assessment of these patients. Feelings of anxiety and anger characterized the responses to state hospital admissions who were only briefly assessed. The findings have implications for the organization of clinical services and the training of mental health professionals. Supervision needs to be directed to the recognition and modification of therapist emotional attitudes as well as to the understanding of patient psychopathology. Clinician feelings can then be effectively utilized to "capture" a high risk, high drop-out population into effective follow-up care. PMID- 1117287 TI - Anticonvulsants in the treatment of aggression. AB - A significant number of violent acts are committed by individuals in whom central nervous system instability can be demonstrated by special electroencephalographic (EEG) activation procedures utilizing alpha-chloralose as the activating agent. Furthermore, subcortical electrograms suggest that this instability is related to a circumscribed ictal phenomenon in the limbic system. The abruptness of the aggressive act, the fact that the behavior is so often out of character for the individual and inappropriate for the situation, as well as the confusion and partial amnesia which accompany these episodes lend clinical support for the ictal hypothesis. Some anticonvulsants not only block the activated abnormalities on the EEG but also lead to dramatic clinical improvement in those individuals showing repeated and frequent aggressive behavior. For instance, in one study 46.7 percent and 53.3 per cent of the patients demonstrated activated abnormalities on no drug and placebo, respectively. When these same patients were receiving chlorpormazine or trifluoperazine, the activation rates were 60.0 per cent and 73.3 per cent, respectively. On the other hand, when these same patients were placed on a regimen of chlordiazepoxide the activation rate was reduced to 20 per cent (p smaller than or equal to .01). Another study involved severely distrubed chronically hospitalized psychotic patients whose aggressive uncontrolled outbursts relegated then not only to a locked ward, but often to isolation rooms despite high doses of phenothiazines. A regimen of chlordiazepoxide and PMID- 1117289 TI - An editorial: Death and dying: has the topic been beaten to death? PMID- 1117290 TI - Autonomic control, selective attention and schizophrenic subtype. AB - Groups of paranoid reactive and nonparanoid process schizophrenic subjects participated in an experiment in which they were reinforced to modify attentional and autonomic responsiveness to differential excitatory and inhibitory avoidance stimuli. Groups did not differ in autonomic responsiveness or in ability to modify GSR and FPV activity to the differential avoidance stimuli. Groups were found to differ in their response to experimental instructions. Parenoid subjects reported being able to exert considerable emotional control during emotional stress. Nonparanoid subjects reported an inability to exert emotional control during stressful stimulation. PMID- 1117291 TI - Increasing speech intensity of chronic patients ("mumblers") bu shaping techniques. AB - The present experiment sought to increase the volume of speech in three adult male institutionalized patients. The method consisted of shaping modeled responses. Reinforcement was contingent upon the vocalization surpassing the threshold on an electronic volume indicator, which could be set at various levels of sensitivity. Results indicated that the volume of speech was increased in all three cases, as a function of manipulation of reinforcement contingencies. Follow up data indicated that the long term maintenance of the acquired behavior was dependent on the ward environment. PMID- 1117292 TI - Student suicide: death as a life style. AB - This is a study of the psychology of college students who are seriously suicidal. Fifty college students who had made suicide attempts were studied in detail over a 5-year period. Short term therapy was administered in most cases and long term therapy in some. Psychological tests (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test, Sentence Completion, Figure Drawing, and Word Association) were performed and used as an independent check on the data derived from the interviews. The study indicates the ways in which death has become a way of life for these students--an integral, ongoing part of their adaptation. It traces the origin of this adaptation in a family relationship that the students perceived as requiring their emotional extinction. These students are tied to their parents in a kind of death knot and have become overly suicidal when live--coming to college, graduating, becoming seriously involved with another person--threatens to unravel this knot. PMID- 1117293 TI - The family histories of manic-depressive patients with and without alcoholism. AB - An investigation of family histories of bipolar affective disorder patients with and without an additional diagnosis of alcoholism showed that affective disorder was seen with equal frequency in both populations of relatives. Alcoholism was significantly more prevalent in relatives of the alcoholic probands than in the relatives of those who did not themselves have alcoholism. These data suggest that bipolar affective disorder and alcoholism may be transmitted independent of one another. PMID- 1117294 TI - Editorial: SI units and problems of communication. PMID- 1117295 TI - A wasted hand. Case with uncommon neurological and radiological features caused by a cervical band. AB - The symptomatology in the thoracic outlet syndrome is well known. A patient is reported in whom the finding of a unilateral pulse deficit was the alerting sign that led to the correct diagnosis. Angiography, performed with injections during different respiratory phases, visualized the pathogenetic mechanism underlying some of the clinical findings. PMID- 1117296 TI - Ictal laughter: a case report with clinical, cinefilm, and EEG observations. AB - Seizures with laughter, verbalization, and repetitive abduction-adduction movements of the upper limbs are described in a 13 year old male of normal intelligence. Cinefilm and EEG records illustrate some of the points made in the text. PMID- 1117297 TI - A regional technique for the study of sensitivity to curare in human muscle. AB - A regional technique for the study of curare sensitivity of human muslce in vivo is described. 0-5 mg d-tubocurarine is given intravenously at the wrist while the circulation to the hand and forearm is occluded. Neuromuscular transsmission is then studied by delivering trains of stimuli to the ulnar nerve and recording changes in evoked muscle action potential (map) amplitude from the abductor digiti minimi. In most normal subjects, this dose causes a recognizable block in neuromuscular transmission. The amplitude of a single evoked MAP is depressed and declines further during trains of 3/s repetitive stimulation. Recovery usually takes place gradually during the 20-30 minutes after the release of the tourniquet. The technique will be of value in the study of latent disturbance of neuromuscular transmission in neurological and metabolic disorders. PMID- 1117298 TI - A study of sensitivity to curare in myasthenic disorders using a regionaltechnique. AB - A study of curare sensitivity has been made in ocular myasthenia, myasthenia gravis, and the myasthenic syndrome sometimes associated with carcinoma, using a regional technique. Sensitivity is greater than in normal subjects. The injection of 0-125 mg d-tubocurarine resulted in a neuromuscular transmission block in all but a few of those cases with ocular myasthenia and in all cases of generalized myasthenia. Furthermore, the block persisted for longer than in normal subjects after the release of the tourniquet. This sensitivity to curare was not directly related to myasthenic weakness. The reasons for this are discussed and an explanation for such curare sensitivity is suggested. PMID- 1117300 TI - Supratentorial extracerebral cysts in infants and children. AB - Twelve cases of supratentorial extracerebral cysts in infants and children are reported. Eight were located in the Sylvian fissure, two in the interhemispheric fissue, and two over the convexity of the cerebral hemispheres. Irrespective of their precise location these cysts, in their common, uncomplicated form, give rise to a clinical syndrome different from that recorded in older patients, with a symmetrical macrocrania of a severe degree unassociated with any neurological signs or abnormalities in psychomotor development. Extensive unilateral transillumination of the skull is common (six cases). These features, in association with specific angiographic and pneumoencephalographic findings, make a preoperative diagnosis possible. Extracerebral cysts (either arachnoidal or histologically more complex) should be distinguished from intracerebral cavities which may closely mimic them, even at surgery. The natural history of infatile cysts is studied and serial head-measurements (pre-and postoperative) are presented in five cases. Insufficient knowledge of the spontaneous course and incidence of complications prevents definite statements on the necessity and type of therapy. PMID- 1117299 TI - Non-invasive screening for surgical intracranial lesions. AB - The value and reliability of the combined results of skull radiographs, electroencephalography, echoencephalography, isotope angiography, and brain scanning in 147 patients suspected of having an intracranial space occupying lesions are analysed. The overall accuracy of the technique was 79%. No false negatives were found. The advantages of adopting the system proposed by the authors in everyday clinical work is discussed. PMID- 1117301 TI - Auditory affective agnosia. Disturbed comprehension of affective speech. AB - Hughlings Jackson noted that, although some aphasic patients were unable to use propositional speech, affective speech appeared to be spared. The purpose of this experiment was to study patients with unilateral hemispheric disease in order to ascertain if there are hemispheric asymmetries in the comprehension of affective speech. Six subjects had right temporoparietal lesions (left unilateral neglect) and six subjects had left temporoparietal lesions (fluent aphasias). These subjects were presented with 32 tape recorded sentences. In 16 trials the patients were asked to judge the emotional mood of the speaker (happy, sad, angry, indifferent) and in 16 trials the patients were asked to judge the content. Line drawings containing facial expressions of the four emotions or line drawings corresponding with the four basic contents were displayed with each sentence and the patient responded by pointing. All 12 subjects made perfect scores on the content portion of the test. On the emotional portion the right hemispheric patients scored a mean of 4-17 and the left hemispheric group scored a mean 10-17. The difference between these means is significantly (P less than 0 01) and suggests that patients with right hemispheric dysfunction and neglect have a defect in the comprehension of affective speech. PMID- 1117302 TI - Arterial blood pressure in patients with Parkinson's disease. AB - The casual arterial blood pressure of 411 patients with Parkinson's disease was compared with that of a representative sample of the general population. The patients were also divided into various sub-groups, and comparisons of blood pressure were made between them. The results provided no support for the widely held belief that blood pressure tends to be low in patients with Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1117304 TI - Spontaneous spinal epidural haemorrhage: good results after early treatment. AB - Extravasation of blood in the spinal epidural space is an uncommon but often disastrous problem. Severe trauma, anticoagulants, bleeding diatheses, and intraspinal vascular malformations have been associated with such haemorrhage, but occasionally it occurs without apparent cause. It may then be confused with transverse myelopathy or vascular occlusion. Early diagnosis by myelography and treatment by surgery can result in good recovery, as illustrated by two cases. PMID- 1117303 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow changes after bilateral external carotid artery ligation in acute experimental infarction. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in baboons by intracarotid injection of 133Xe and a gamma camera after acute cerebral infarction was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). A steady state of rCBF was measured four hour after MCA occlusion and was followed by bilateral ligation of the external cartoid arteries (ECA). Subsequent rCBF measurements were obtained at 30, 60, and 120 minutes. After bilateral ECA ligation, flow in ischaemic and non-ischaemic areas was greatly enhanced and flow in the hyperaemic areas significantly reduced, presumably since they had provided collateral circulation to the ischaemic zone with a favourable redistribution. PMID- 1117305 TI - Sub-clinical entrapment neuropathy in man. AB - Twelve median and 12 ulnar nerves were obtained at routine autopsies from patients without known disease of the peripheral nervous system. Enlargement of cross-sectional area due to an increase in connective tissue elements was commonly present in the ulnar nerve at the elbow and in the median nerve under the flexor retinaculum. Renaut bodies were also prominent at these two sites. The connective tissue changes did not appear to be related to the presence or absence of nerve fibre damage. When nerve fibres were teased apart and examined individually, localised changes were found at the elbow in 5 ulnar nerves and under the flexor retinaculum in 5 median nerves. The changes were mild and transverse sections at the same levels showed few abnormalities. However, the changes were similar in character to those described previously in experimental animals with entrapment syndromes. They are therefore considered to be valid evidence of sub-clinical entrapment in apparently unaffected human subjects. PMID- 1117306 TI - A pressure vessel model for nerve compression. AB - This paper suggests that compression block in nerve can be better interpreted in terms of a pressure vessel model for nerve fiber distension that the more common models based upon tubes with more or less rigid walls. In this model resistance to compression is due to the elasticity of the cell membrane at locations where displaced intracellular fluid tends to distend it. Because the stresses in pressure vessels increase with the size of the vessel, the theory predicts that the percentage deformation should be larger in larger diameter fibers. PMID- 1117307 TI - Vesicular disruption of myelin in autoimmune demyelination. AB - A pattern of autoimmune demyelination in EAE and EAN has been described which was encountered consistently and was sometimes more common than the better known phenomenon of active stripping of myelin by macrophages. This pattern involved the rapid dissolution of myelin into a vesicular network which was later degraded by macrophages. It occurred early in the disease, was not accentuated perivascularly, and was usually associated with the presence of macrophases. The underlying mechanisms are not known but several alternatives have been discussed, viz., activity of locally released antibody, cytotoxic factors, or hydrolytic enzymes. PMID- 1117308 TI - Motor conduction velocity in patients with Friedreich's ataxia. Report of 12 cases. PMID- 1117309 TI - Hyperthyroid myopathy. Intracellular electrophysiological measurements in biopsied human intercostal muscle. AB - Morphological and electrophysiological studies were performed on intercostal muscle biopsies from 2 thyrotoxic patients. The diseased fibers had numerous areas of subsarcolemmal glyogen accumulations and abnormal membranous projections. Both Type I and Type II muscle fibers were atrophied. Diseased fibers were substantially depolarized and when artifically hyperpolarized showed earlier inactivation of the sodium conductance as a function of membrane potential, and a critical depolarization potential more depolarized than in normal fibers. When stimulated at 20 pulses/sec, or faster, the diseased fibers could not generate normal action potentials due to membrane depolarization and the appearance of a marked after-hyperpolarization. Muscle weakness associated with hyperthyroidism is attributed to the reduced membrane excitability. PMID- 1117310 TI - Recurrent experimental allergic neuritis. An electron microscope study. AB - Experimental allergic neuritis has been induced in 52 guinea pigs by the inoculation of rabbit peripheral nerve in Freund's adjuvant. The majority of the animals developed an acute monophasic illness after a mean interval of 16 days and, if they survived, recovered fully after an average period of 52 days. Two animals displayed a more chronic course and 1 animal relapsed spontaneously after clinical recovery had occurred. Twenty-three animals that recovered were re inoculated when recovery was complete and in 4 a relapse was induced. In the remainder, no clinical response was observed, even after repeated reinoculations. The ultrastructural appearances in the animals with a monophasic illness were similar to those previously reported. The appearances differed markedly in those animals that were induced to relapse and were similar to those in the animal that relapsed spontaneously. The findings indicated persistent demyelination and remyelination with striking hypertrophic changes (onion bulb neuropathy). The possible reasons for the differences between the two groups are discussed. PMID- 1117311 TI - Adenyl cyclase activity in Duchenne dystrophic muscle. AB - Adenyl cyclase activity in normal and Duchenne dystrophic muscle was assayed using a radiochemical method. In dystrophic muscle, the enzyme activity is reduced. The reduced enzyme activity and its adverse effects on energy metabolism in dystrophic patients are discussed. PMID- 1117312 TI - Single fibre electromyography in various processes affecting the anterior horn cell. AB - SFEMG recordings were carried out in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy, familial spinal muscular atrophy and syringomyelia. The fibre density was increased in all conditions, especially in progressive muscular atrophy indicating marked collateral sprouting. The duration of the action potential was increased indicating a mixture of hypertrophic and atrophic fibres and slowly conducting newly formed nerve sprouts. The action potentials were unstable with varying degree of impulse blocking especially in the more progressive cases (ALS), representing recent re-innervation. The SFEMG method is used to characterize the functional status of the motor unit and helps in diagnosis and in predicting prognosis. In addition, SFEMG recordings reveal abnormalities in clinically and electromyographically normal muscles. PMID- 1117313 TI - Neurotoxicity of hexachlorophene: new pathological and biochemical observations. AB - Twenty female rats with nursing litters were fed a diet containing 500 p.p.m. of hexachlorophene (HCP). The blood concentrations of hexachlorophene in mother rats were 4.7-6.0 mug/ml and in infant rats 2.0-2.5 mug/ml. Fifty percent of mother rats and 75% of infant rats died. Most of the surviving animals were asymptomatic apart from imparied visual function. Ten adult and 20 infant rats were killed by perfusion. Light- and electron-microscopic studies showed vacuolation of myelin in the central and peripheral nervous system and axonal degeneration which was especially severe in the optic nerves. After withdrawal of HCP hydrocephalus ex vacuo was present in the chronically intoxicated infant rats and the optic nerves showed marked atrophy and gliosis. Studies with liver mitochondria prepared from lactating hexachlorophene-fed rats showed a 50-75% inhibition of respiration with succinate as substrate. PMID- 1117314 TI - Some observations on the skeletal musculature of aged rats. Part 2. Fine morphology of diseased muscle fibres. AB - The ultrastructural changes seen in muscle fibres of aged rats have been studied and described in relation to the degree of fibre atrophy and to the involvement of the different fibre types. The ultrastructural abnormalities were classified into four different categories: (1) diffuse dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) streaming of Z-bands, (3) so-called myofibrillar degeneration, and (4) myofibrillar "homogenization". These are all, except (1), abnormalities which affect principally the contractile elements of the muscle fibre. The ultrastructural changes represent a chronic process. The abnormality most often encountered and hence the most important is myofibrillar degeneration. Of these four types of change, myofibrillar degeneration and myofibrillar "homogenization" may be degenerative in nature and lead eventually to the total dissolution of the muscle fibres involved. Smudging of Z-bands and diffuse dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, although occasionally diffuse and massive, were often found in otherwise normal muscle fibres and were rarely observed in severely atrophic ones. We therefore conclude that these latter two types of change are probably reactive in nature and are not ultimately lethal to the muscle fibres involved. Longitudinal sections of affected muscle fibres clearly showed that the morbid process involves a muscle fibre unevenly and not simultaneously over its entire length. Various stages of myofibrillar degeneration, for example, could be observed at the same time in different portions of one and the same muscle fibre. Streaming of Z-bands was observed exclusively in what appeared to be red fibres, while myofibrillar degeneration was observed predominantly in white or intermediate fibres. However some of these muscle fibres with myofibrillar degeneration could have been red fibres which had lost their mitochondrial population. Myofibrillar "homogenization" occurred in both red and white fibres. Other miscellaneous changes within muscle fibres are briefly described and discussed. Although the findings observed are in general non-specific in nature, the importance of neurogenic mechanisms is inferred. The occurrence of age related ultrastructural alterations may have important implications in the study of muscle in general. PMID- 1117315 TI - Contribution to clinical pathology of progressive supranuclear palsy (subcortical argyrophilic dystrophy). On the distribution of neurofirbrillary tangles in the basal ganglia and brain-stem and its clinical significance. PMID- 1117316 TI - Changes in creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in human fetal muscle during development. AB - The total creatine kinase activity and its isoenzyme patterns were investigated in the skeletal muscle of 87 fetuses, of which 80 were presumed normal, 5 were anencephalic and 2 were "at risk" for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). No differences, either in total enzyme activity or in the isoenzyme distributions, were found between the anencephalic fetuses or those at risk for DMD, when compared to normal fetuses of similar gestation. Creatine kinase activity was found to rise steadily throughout embryonic life. During fetal development, the isoenzyme pattern in skeletal muscle was observed to change from the initial prevalence of the brain (BB) type, to the predominance of the muscle (MM) form. The most pronounced change occurred between the 6th and the 16th week of gestation, a period characterized by the rapid fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes and the concomitant production of myofibrils. It is proposed that there is a close association between the creatine kinase isoenzymes spectrum and the stage of muscle development. PMID- 1117317 TI - X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset. A separate type of motor neuron disease? AB - The clinical, electrophysiological and muscle biopsy findings of 7 cases with a peculiar form of X-linked hereditary degenerative motor neuron disease are presented. It is suggested that the disease might be a separate clinical entity with the following characteristics: (1) sex-linked recessive inheritance, (2) unusual but not invariable late onset, (3) slow progression, (4) facial-bulbar and proximal spinal muscle involvement, (5) consistent fasciculations, sometimes massive and more pronounced about the lips, chin and tongue, (6) fine tremor of the hands, (7) muscle cramps usually preceding the other symptoms, and (8) gynaecomastia as a frequent but not a constant feature. PMID- 1117318 TI - Transmission of multiple sclerosis by blood transfusion? AB - A survey of 14,000 multiple sclerosis patients revealed 289 blood donors; 65 of them had already shown clinical manifestations at the time of blood donation. In view of current immunological and virological hypotheses on multiple sclerosis, such patients should not be accepted as blood donors. An effort is being made to determine whether multiple sclerosis has been transmitted to the recipients of this blood. PMID- 1117319 TI - The fine structure of the cervical spinal cord, ventral root and brachial nerves in the wobbler (wr) mouse. AB - Much indirect evidence supports the prevailing concept that the wobbler mouse represents an inherited form of lower motor neuron degeneration, with resultant neurogenic muscular atrophy, due to an autosomal recessive gene (wr). This report, which emphasizes the fine structural changes in the wobbler mouse cervical spinal cord, ventral root and brachial nerves, both extends and modifies previously published data concerning the ultrastructural changes in this disorder. In addition to the more obvious neuronal cytoplasmic vacuolization known to occur, studies extended to a broader age range of wobbler mice have revealed neuronal alterations such as nonvacuolar dissolution of granular endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of cytoplasmic microtubules and neurofilaments, proliferation of branched tubules resembling smooth endoplasmic reticulum, development of lipid droplets, and increased numbers of pleomorphic dense and lamellar cytoplasmic bodies. The spectrum of pathological changes in this murine form of motor neuron disease thus appears more complex and varied than has hitherto been appreciated, and may be relevant to the formulation of pathogenetic hypotheses. PMID- 1117320 TI - Retinal tumor induction by ocular inoculation of human adneovirus in 3-day-old rats. AB - A direct causal relationship between a human DNA virus, adeno serotype 12, and malignant transformation in target cells (sensory retinal neuronal precursors) was suggested by the development of a remarkably uniform retinoblastoma-like neoplasm in rats. In order to focus upon incipient photoreceptor differentiation, 27 3-day-old CD rats were selected for intraocular virus inoculation. A single injection of 0.03 ml of the virus fluid, 104.5 TCID50 HeLa cells/0.1 ml was given in the left eye. Within 73 to 167 days after the virus inoculation, 12 rats (44.4%) developed retinal tumors in the left eye. Although retinal tumors mimicking human retinoblastoma with true rosettes were anticipated, the highly uniform histopathologic appearance of all 12 eyes was virtually indistinguishable from that of 0-day-old rats. However, multiple foci of malignant cells fusing with the inner segment of relatively well-differentiated retinal layers were found haphazardly throughout the cases; such retinal remnants were not detectable in tumors of 0-day-old rats. Electron microscopy revealed poorly differentiated tumor cells that possessed a single cilium consisting of a typical ring of nine doublets with no axial pair (a 9 plus 0 pattern). Advenovirus-specific T-antigens detected in vivo by the immunofluorescein microscopic procedure in abortively infected or transformed cells clearly indicated that some neuronal precursors destined for part of the ganglioneuronic layer are selectively susceptible to viral oncogenesis. No preferential involvement of the photoreceptor cells was observed. No control animals developed retinal neoplasms. PMID- 1117321 TI - Dermatomyostis of childhood, ultrastructural alteratious of muscle and intramuscular blood vessels. AB - Muscle biopsies from 8 children with dermatomysotis and from 4 normal children and 4 children and adults with other primary diseases of muscle were studied by ultrastructural techniques. The major abnormalities in dermatomyositis of childhood were in the walls of the intramuscular blood vessels, more specifically in the endothelial cells of capillaries, arterioles, and veins. Endothelial cells were observed in various stages of degeneration and regeneration. In a single plane of section, inclusions consisting of tubular aggregates were found within the cytoplasm of 76 to 98% of all intramuscular blood vessels. The angiopathy resulted in multiple thrombus formation and infarction of muscle. Three factors were of particular importance in the genesis of these events: separations at the cell junctions in the regenerating endothelium; the necrosis of endothelium with subsequent retraction, distortion and cell loss; and endothelial hyperplasia. These observations provide strong support for the concept that dermatomyositis of childhood is a unique disease, the fundamental lesion of which is in the walls of the intramuscular blood vessels. PMID- 1117322 TI - A practical technique for monitoring extradural pressure. PMID- 1117323 TI - Use of long-term intracranial pressure measurement to assess hydrocephalic patients prior to shunt surgery. PMID- 1117324 TI - Effects of mannitol and steroid therapy on intracranial volume-pressure relationships in patients. AB - The intracranial volume-pressure response was measured in 61 patients undergoing continous monitoring of intraventicular pressure. This test, which determlnes the increase in intracranial pressure induced by an addition of 1 ml in ventricular CSF volume in 1 sencond, yields information concerning spatial compensation in patients with intracranial space-occupying processes. On the basis of variability tests, a change in volume-pressure response of 2 mm Hg/ml was accepted as significant. Pronounced enlargement of the ventricles interferes with the test. In patients with intracranial hypertension, intravenous mannitol (0.5gm/kg) and intramuscular betamethasone (26 mg) both reduce the volume-pressure response significantly more than they reduce intracranial pressure. This suggests that these agents favorably alter the configuration of the volume-pressure curve. PMID- 1117325 TI - Increase in cerebral perfusion pressure by arterial hypertension in brain swelling. A mathematical model of the volume-pressure relationship. AB - Brain swelling was produced in monkeys and cats by the inflation af an epidural balloon against the parietal lobe. Resulting changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) were correlated to variation in systemic arterial pressure (SAP). Intracranial perfusion pressure (ICPP) defined as the difference between SAP and ICP, was found to vary with the degree of arterial hyper-and hypotension. The relationship between SAP and ICP can be explained by an existing equilibrium between extramural pressure and vessel wall circumferential tension. A positive perfusion pressure can exist in brain swelling as long as vessel wall tension is preserved and the degree of expanding brain tissue volume is held below certain limits. PMID- 1117326 TI - Distribution of activity in spinal pathways evoked by experimental dorsal column stimulation. AB - Experiments were performed in rhesus monkeys to determine the distribution of activity evoked in spinal pathways by dorsal column stimulation. It was shown that many pathways in both the dorsal and ventral quadrants of the cord can be activated either directly or transsynaptically by stimulation with electrodes of the type implanted clinically. Moreover, the transsynaptically evoked responses recorded in each quadrant had somewhat different characteristics. Therefore, since the activation of each group of pathways may have differing effects in modifying the preception of noxious stimuli, the authors believe that changes in electrode position and stimulus parameters may be important in obtaining the therapeutic value of spinal cord stimulation for relief of pain. PMID- 1117327 TI - Supraspinal interactions resulting from experimental dorsal column stimulation. AB - Experiments were performed on rhesus monkeys to examine the hypothesis that stimulation with dorsal column electrodes of the type implanted clinically could alter the responses evoked in supraspinal nuclei through pathways in the ventral quadrant of the spinal cord. Dorsal column stimulation did produce changes in responses evoked in supraspinal nuclei; this effect could not be ascribed to a conduction block in ascending pathways. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of the dorsal column stimulator need not be dependent on interactions in the dorsal horn. PMID- 1117328 TI - Phantom limb pain. Treatment with dorsal column stimulation. AB - Good to excellent relief of phantom pain is reported in 5 of 6 patients by the use of dorsal column stimulation. Follow-up periods are 7 to 25 months. One failure occurred despite excellent pain relief; this patient could not tolerate application of the DCS apparatus to his chest wall. The authors review the physiology involved and some less successful series reported by others. PMID- 1117329 TI - Relief of pain by transcutaneous stimulation. AB - A series of 198 patients with chronic pain of diverse etiology was carefully analyzed for epidemiologic and descriptive factors which might influence the response to transcutaneous stimulation. The overall series included 12 1/2% with long-term success, and 68% with partial or short-term relief. There were no consistent specific diagnoses, or epidemiologic or descriptive factors that made good results from stimulation predictable. Stimulation of the painful area itself was not always necessary for pain relief. Favorable responses to transcutaneous stimulation were usually correlated with the continued existence of significant sensory input from the painful region. The authors conclude that transcutaneous stimulation is a valuable therapeutic modality for some patients with chronic pain. PMID- 1117330 TI - Value of gas myelography in early management of acute cervical spinal cord injuries. AB - Gas myelography was carried out in 22 patients with acute cervical spinal cord injuries in whom oily contrast media seemed contraindicated. The authors believe this technique makes a valuable contribution to the basic decision regarding the surgical versus medical treatment of a specific patient with a cervical cord injury. They emphasize the importance of visualizing cord compression due to disc herniation in these cases and conclude that gases are the optimal contrast agents for visualization of the entire circumference of the spinal cord. PMID- 1117331 TI - Osteoma of the ethmofrontal sinus. Case report. PMID- 1117332 TI - Intracranial chordoma in infancy. Case report. PMID- 1117333 TI - Supratentorial neuroepithelial cysts. Report of two cases. PMID- 1117334 TI - Rocking platform for paraplegic patients in wheel chairs. Technical note. PMID- 1117335 TI - Letter: Foundation for International Education in Neurological Surgery, Inc. Report of activities, 1972-1974. PMID- 1117336 TI - Letter: Effect of dexamethasone on CSF formation. PMID- 1117337 TI - Effect of alpha-retinyl acetate on growth of hamsters fed vitamin A-deficient diets. AB - The capacity of the alpha-isomer of retinyl acetate to support growth in hamsters fed a vitamin A-deficient diet was assessed over a 40-fold dose range. Although decreased relative potency of the alpha isomer, as compared with the beta isomer, was found, sustained weight gain and survival for 6 months were achieved with a weekly intraperitoneal dose of 300 mug of the alpha isomer. An intraperitoneal dosage of alpha-retinyl acetate resulted in greater activity than an oral dosage. PMID- 1117338 TI - Selenium content of food consumed by Canadians. AB - Four composite diets from three cities, each representing the daily per capita consumption of foods in Canada, contained on analysis 191, 220, 113, and 150 mug selenium. Cereals provided the most selenium (62-112 mug) followed by meat, poultry, and fish (25-90 mug) and dairy products (5-25 mug). The average daily intake of selenium in Canada was also calculated from published analytical data and the per capita disappearance of unprepared foods. The total intake was 197 mug/day, and the major sources were wheat flour (98 mug), pork (21 mug), poultry products (24 mug), and fish (17 mug). Because the average diet is rich in selenium, the possibility of a deficiency in the adult is considered to be remote. Milk is relatively low in selenium, and thus the greatest deprivation in humans would occur during infancy. PMID- 1117339 TI - Fat deficiency in rats during development of the central nervous system and susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - On day 14 of gestation, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a diet adequate in fat (C), a fat-deficient diet (FD), or a fat-deficient diet supplemented with ethyl linoleate (FD-S). The same diets were continued during lactation. On weaning, the offspring were fed the same diets as their mothers. Rats were killed at 21 and 33 days, and the lipid compositions of brain, brain myelin, and spinal cord myelin were determined. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in animals from each group at 54 days of age. Acute EAE occurred after 13 days, and on day 14 (day 68 of age), the rats were killed. Body, brain, and brain myelin developments were slower in the FD and FD-S rats during early life. At 68 days, brain myelin from all groups reached mature composition, although body and brain weights of FD and FD-S rats remained lower than those of controls. With the exception of a slightly lower plasmalogen content at 33 and 68 days, the composition of spinal cord myelin from FD and FD-S rats was similar to that of C rats throughout the period of study. The plasmalogen content at 33 and 68 days, the composition of spinal cord myelin from FD and FD-S rats was similar to that of EAE occurred in animals from the FD group. The incidence of the disease in FD S rats was similar to that in the controls. A reduction in total brain protein occurred in FD-EAE rats and in C-EAE and FD-EAE cerebrosides. Myelin from brain and spinal cord of EAE rats did not differ appreciably in protein content or lipid composition from myelin of controls. It was concluded that fat deficiency during development leads to increased susceptibility to EAE, and that a supplement of a source of linoleic acid has a marked protective effect against EAE. PMID- 1117340 TI - Determination of carnitine turnover in choline-deficient and cold-exposed rats. AB - Two experimetns were conducted to study the body pool size and turnover rate of carnitine in rats. The turnover of carnitine was determined by injection of a tracer dose of L-[methyl-14C] carnitine. In experiment 1, carnitine body pool size and turnover in rats fed a choline-deficient basal diet were compared with values obtained from rats fed the basal diet supplemented with choline. These rats were maintained at 22degrees. In experiment 2, carnitine body pool size and turnover were determined in cold-exposed (2degrees) rats fed the choline deficient basal diet. Carnitine body pool sizes of rats maintained 22degrees and fed the choline-deficient basal diet and the choline-supplemented diet were 35.6 and 41.8 mumoles/100 g body weight, respectively. Carnitine body pool size of rats maintained at 2degrees and fed a choline-deficient basal diet were 6.6 and 56.1 days, for rats fed a choline-supplemented diet, 6.7 and 40.2 days, and for rats maintained at 2degrees and fed a choline-deficient diet, 2.9 and 36.4 days, respectively. Carnitine turnover times obtained with DL-[14C]carnitine in our previous study longer than turnover times obtained with DL-[14C]carnitine in our previous study (j. nutr. 104, 782-792). These observations suggest that D carnitine is not metabolized the same way as L-carnitine, and that D-carnitine is not cleared from the body within 2 days after injection. The results also suggest that carnitine metabolism can be influenced by the amount of choline in the diet and by cold exposure. PMID- 1117341 TI - Hyperglycemic effect of amino compounds structurally related to caproate in rats. AB - The chronic feeding of small amounts (0.3-3% of diet weight) of certain amino derivatives of caproate resulted in hyperglycemia, an elevated glucose tolerance curve and, occasionally, glucosuria. Effective compounds included norleucine, norvaline, glutamate, epsilon-aminocaproate, methionine, and leucine. PMID- 1117342 TI - Feeding studies in rats with high protein fungus grown on natural gas. AB - Preliminary feeding studies were conducted with a high protein fungus (Graphium sp.) grown on natural gas. The biomass, containing approximately 50% protein, is considered a potential source of single cell protein. In short-term (1-week) experiments, rats gained weight when fed semisynthetic diets containing up to 40% of the biomass, although growth was depressed at the higher levels. Rats lost weight but survived for this length of time when fed biomass alone. Chronic toxicity was tested in a 5-month study with diets in which the casein (20% by weight) of the semisynthetic diet was either partially or entirely replaced by the proteinaceous biomass. Rats fed these diets grew more slowly but appeared normal and healthy, and no pathological changes were observed at autopsy. Some of these rats were fed a standard laboratory diet for an additional 10-month observation period, and at autopsy, one cortical adenoma of the kidney was found in a rat originally fed the lower level of Graphium biomass. PMID- 1117343 TI - Effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the nutritional quality of rapeseed flour fed to weanling rats. AB - The effect of treating rapeseed flours with hydrogen peroxide on the glucosinolate content and nutritional value of the protein was examined. Four flours were prepared from Target variety rapeseed (Brassica napus) by dehulling and defatting the seed (sample RF), by heat treating and water washing the dehulled seed prior to defatting (sample WWRF), and by treating a part of samples RF and WWRF with solutions of 7 and 3% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Chemical analysis showed that the hydrogen peroxide treatment lowered the glucosinolate content of the flour but was not as effective as the water extraction. The hydrogen peroxide treatment also oxidized methionine to its sulfoxide and sulfone and cysteine to cysteic acid. In the first experiment, weanling rats were fed for 3 weeks diets in which casein or each of the flour preparations provided 5, 10, or 20% protein. Rats fed the high glucosinolate-containing flour (sample RF) at the 10 to 20% protein level died, while those fed 5% survived but lost weight. Those fed the hydrogen peroxide-treated flours survived, but weight gains and food consumption were low compared with the values of the caseinor WWRF-fed groups. Rats fed sample RF exhibited enlarged thyroids. Those fed the peroxide treated samples had high plasma levels of methionine sulfoxide and sulfone. In the second experiment, additions of 0.15 or 0.30% methionine to the 10% protein diets resulted in increased weight gains of the groups fed the peroxide-treated flours. It was concluded that the hydrogen peroxide treatment was effective in reducing the glucosinolate content of the rapeseed flour. However, the production of the oxidized sulfur amino acids, in particular methionine sulfone, reduced considerably the nutritional value of the protein. PMID- 1117344 TI - Comparative metabolism of L-methionine and N-acetylated derivatives of methionine. AB - These experiments compared the metabolism of the N-acetylated derivatives of D- or L-methionine to that of L-methionine. Spargue-Dawley rats were orally or intraperitoneally dosed with N-[1-14C]acetyl-L-methionine, N-[1-14C]acetyl-D methionine, or sodium [1-14C]acetate. 14CO2 was collected at intervals over 24 hours. In addition, groups of rats were orally dosed with either 35S-labeled N acetyl-L-methionine or L-methionine. The animals were killed 3, 24, and 168 hours after dosing. Urine and feces were collected, and tissues were excised for 35S determinations. With either route of dosing, N-[1-14C]acetyl-L-methionine yielded the same amount of 14CO2 as sodium [1-14C]acetate over a 24-hour period. The acetate moiety of N-[1-14C]acetyl-D-methionine is not readily metabolized to 14CO2. Within each time period after dosing, the tissue distribution of 35S from 35S-labeled N-acetyl-L-methionine and L-methionine was similar. Protein specific activities for the two isotopes were also the same. After 168 hours, 30% of both isotopes of 35S appeared in the urine and feces, and the two isotopes were similarly distributed in the organic -S and inorganic -S fractions of urine. The studies show that L-methionine from N-acetyl-L-methionine is metabolically equivalent to free L-methionine. This conclusion is consistent with rat feeding studies showing that N-acetyl-L-methionine is nutritionally equivalent to L methionine. PMID- 1117345 TI - Developmental and postdevelopmental uptake of dietary organic and inorganic selenium into the molar teeth of rats. AB - The mechanism for the uptake of dietary inorganic and organic selenium by the fully developed, mature molar teeth of mother rats and the developing molar teeth of their pups was studied. Pregnant rats received drinking solutions containing either 0.2 ppm Na2SiO3 plus 0.043 muCi Na2-75SeO3 per ml from day 10 of pregnancy until parturition. Thirteen days postpartum, the uptake of dietary 75Se into developing molar teeth was more extensive than the postdevelopmental uptake onto mature teeth. Developing molar teeth incorporated more 75Se from dietary selenomethionine than from selenite, as did many hard and soft tissues studied. The major portion of 75Se in enamel and dentine was located in the protein fraction of these dental tissues. Dialysis experiments showed that the selenium in enamel and dentine existed in at least three forms: loosely bound selenium, proteinaceous selenotrisulfides, and proteinaceous stable selenium. These data and the results of a previous study (J. Nutr. 103, 553-559) provide evidence that selenium incorporated into developing proteins as selenotrisulfides or selenoamino acids may be responsible for the increases in dental caries reported in man and experimental animals ingesting somewhat increased amounts of dietary selenium. PMID- 1117346 TI - Effect of different levels of gossypol on transaminase activity, on nonessential to essential amino acid ratio, and on iron and nitrogen retention in rats. AB - Metabolic experiments with rats fed rations containing varying levels of free gossypol (from 3 to 109 mg/100 g) showed that nitrogen retention was not affected by gossypol while iron absorption decreased as the levels of gossypol in the ration increased. This in turn resulted in lower hematocrit and hemoglobin values and lower levels of iron in the liver. The levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases, an indication of liver necrosis, increased in blood serum and decreased in liver when gossypol was fed. The ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids in both serum and liver increased with increasing levels of gossypol in the diet showing that, in spite of an equalized available lysine intake, the cottonseed pigment was capable of binding this and/or other essential amino acids. In all cases, weight gain was adversely affected by the level of gossypol used. PMID- 1117347 TI - An asparagine requirement in young rats fed the dietary combinations of aspartic acid, glutamine, and glutamic acid. AB - The effect of dietary asparagine on rat growth was investigated. Diets were formulated with L-amino acids so as to contain asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine and/or glutamic acid in all possible combinations and then fed to weanling rats for 3 weeks. Of the four, only asparagine was found to be essential for optimal growth, and it was essential regardless of the presence or absence of any dietary combination of these related amino acids. In selected dietary groups, the unbound asparagine levels were measured in various tissues over an 8-day period. Muscle asparagine levels were reduced for asparagine-deprived animals over the entire period studied; brain levels were decreased only after 7 days of dietary depletion, while hepatic levels were unaffected by dietary asparagine deprivation. In a related series, animals were more drastically depleted of asparagine by combining dietary deprivation with asparaginase treatment, causing a rapid decrease in cellular concentration of asparagine, which affected protein and DNA synthesis for those organs undergoing hyperplastic growth. Thus, asparagine may be rate limiting to protein synthesis for this extreme case as well as during dietary asparagine deprivation, which also decreased intracellular levels of unbound asparagine and led to irreversible deficits in development. PMID- 1117348 TI - Studies on the formation of lipid peroxides and on some enzymic activities in the liver of vitamin E-deficient rats. AB - Rats were fed a 5 or 20% casein diet that causes liver necrosis unless supplemented with vitamin E or selenite. The following activities were studied in liver subcellar fractions: enzymic formation of lipid peroxides, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, oxidative demethylation of aminopyrine, and incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein (with microsomes); xanthine oxidase (with soluble supernatant); and RNA polymerases I and II (with nuclei). Formation of lipid peroxides was higher in rats fed diets without vitamin E and was not reduced significantly by dietary selenite. The activity of xanthine oxidase was higher in animals fed the 20% casein than in those fed the 5% casein diet; however, a higher activity was observed in the rats fed the latter diet without vitamin E or selenite than in those receiving these supplements. The activity of RNA polymerase I was higher in rats fed the low casein diet. Other activities examined were not affected significantly by the level of dietary casein or by vitamin E or selenits. PMID- 1117349 TI - Effects of substitution of methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, or valine by their alpha-hydroxy analogs in the diet of rats. AB - Weanling male rats were fed diets containing essential amino acids as the sole source of nitrogen at a level of either 6 or 15% by weight of the diet. When L valine was replaced isonitrogenously by calcium L-alpha-hydroxyisovalerate in the 15% amino acid diet, growth ceased and urea excretion increased; urea clearance was unaffected. When L-leucine was replaced isonitrogenously by calcium L-alpha hydroxyisocaproate in this diet, growth and feed efficiency fell approximately 60% and urea excretion rose, but urea clearance doubled. L-Phenylalanine was replaced both isonitrogenously and without supplemental glutamate by calcium L phenyllactate in both the 6 and 15% amino acid diets and was also added in twice equimolar quantities to the 6% amino acid diet. When the 15% amino acid diet was fed, growth was severly reduced, but when the 6% diet was fed, the double dose of phenyllactate reduced growth and feed efficiency only 25%. Urea clearance was not consistently altered. When D,L-methionine was replaced by calcium K,L-alpha hydroxy-gamma-thiobutyrate in the 15% amino acid diet, growth and feed efficiency improved whether or not glutamate was added to make diets isonitrogenous, and also whether or not 0.1% neomycin was included. Urea clearance did not differ among these groups but was significantly higher in rats receiving the hydroxy analog or D,L-methionine than that in controls receiving L-methionine. Thus, the ability of these hydroxy analogs to replace the corresponding amino acids in the diet of rats varies from complete (methionine) to partial (leucine and phenylalanine) or virtually nonexistent (valine). PMID- 1117350 TI - Gluconeogenesis from L-cysteine in the perfused rat liver. AB - The effects of dietary and hormonal treatments on the rate of gluconeogenesis from L-cysteine have been investigated in the perfused rat liver in situ. In order to demonstrate gluconeogenesis from L-cysteine, rats were fed either a 90% casein diet, or this diet with 2 or 4% cysteine, added in place of casein, and perfused in the fed state; or fed stock diet and starved 48 or 72 hours; or fasted and injected with cortisol. The net rate of gluconeogenesis (in mumoles/min/g liver) from cysteine in rats fed 4%cysteine was 0.24; in 48-hour starved rats it was 0.10; in 72-hour starved rats it was 0.16; and in the cortisol injected rats it was 0.23. When [U-14C]cysteine plus carrier cysteine (10 mM) was added as the substrate for gluconeogenesis in 72-hour starved rats; 3.9% of the label appeared in glucose. The above dietary and hormonal treatments stimulated gluconeogenesis from L-cysteine. PMID- 1117351 TI - Paratenuisentis gen. n. for Tanaorhamphus ambiguus Van Cleave 1921 (Acanthocephala), with a reconsideration of the Tenuisentidae. AB - Paratenuisentis gen. n. (Tenuisentidae) is characterized by quincuncially arranged proboscis hooks, numerous giant nuclei in the subcuticula and cement glands, and a prominent muscular sling around the proboscis receptacle. P. ambiguus (Van Cleave, 1921) is redescribed following study of a long series of mature males and females. On the basis of the typical pattern of giant nuclei distribution, it is concluded that Tanaorhamphus and Microsentis, previously included in the Tenuisentidae, belong in the Neoechinrhynchidae. PMID- 1117352 TI - Ultrastructural changes in Ascaris suum intestine after mebendazole treatment in vivo. AB - The effect of in vivo treatment with mebendazole on the ultrastructural morphology of Ascaris suum intestine was investigated. Pigs, infected with A. suum, were fed ad libitum a medicated food containing mebendazole at a concentration of 30 ppm. Control and treated animals were killed 6, 9, 15, and 24 hr after the onset of feeding. The parasites were quickly collected from the pig intestinal tract and prepared for ultrastructural and cytochemical examination. Absence of secretory granules in the terminal web, accumulation of secretory granules in the Golgi region, formation of autophagic vacuoles in the apical cell part, and loss of glycogen were the characteristic changes observed after 6 and 9 hr of treatment. Degenerative changes were very pronounced after 15 and 24 hr and involved almost the entire cytoplasm. Microvilli were decreased in number and appeared swollen in the majority of absorptive cells. Some more severely altered cells were completely devoid of microvilli. Cytochemistry revealed that the accumulated secretory granules in the Golgi area contained glycoproteins or polysaccharides. Microvilli, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus were reactive for acid phosphatase in the control intestinal cells. After treatment, the enzyme activity was localized in numerous autophagic vacuoles, whereas the secretory granules remained unstained. The acid phosphatase activity in the microvilli decreased or was completely absent. The possible significance of these modifications in view of mebendazole's anthelmintic activity is discussed. PMID- 1117353 TI - Trypanosomes in horse flies and deer flies in central New York State. AB - Tabanids were collected during 2 consecutive summers from 3 counties in New York using a canopy trap and insect net. Twenty-seven per cent of all fly specimens (N equals 641) representing 69% of the species collected (N equals 36) were infected with flagellates. Tabanid intestines harbored amastigote, choanomastigote, and epimastigote forms. Epimastigotes were frequently found, and trypomastigotes and choanomastigotes rarely found in cultures of tabanid intestinal flagellates. Epimastigote and trypomastigote forms closely resembled Trypanosoma theileri-like trypanosomes reported from ruminants. PMID- 1117354 TI - Two new species of the genus Caminacarus (Acarina: Cloacaridae) from turtles in Louisiana. AB - Caminacarus chrysemys sp. n. and Caminacarus terrapenae sp. n. are described from the cloaca of Chrysemys scripta elegans and Terrapene carolina in Louisiana. The former species is very similar to Caminacarus deirochelys but differs in the form of the dorsal shield which has longer lateral elongations and the median dorsal elongation does not extend to the genital sclerite, structure of the anterodorsal wall of the gnathosomal base which is closed forming a ringlike apodeme, and structure of the tarsal setae as well as the presence of one additional seta on the dorsal surface of tarsus III. Caminacarus terrapenae differs from the above species by the form of the dorsal shield which extends more anteriorly but lacks anterior winglike elongations and has rounded anterolateral margins, the posteriorly concave shape of the genital sclerite and more sclerotized vaginal wall, the anterodorsal wall of the gnathosomal base which is not ringlike but open with lateral sclerotizations and interior punctations in this species, and structure of the tarsal setae with the presence of smaller heavier setae. The host specificity and biology of these species are discussed in relation to other members of the Cloacaridae. PMID- 1117355 TI - Peroxidase-labeled antibody, a tool for demonstrating parasite antigen or host immunoglobulin in tissue. PMID- 1117356 TI - Efffects of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection on incorporation of 14C tryptophan by Microtus montanus. PMID- 1117357 TI - Trypanosomes from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in New York. PMID- 1117358 TI - Selective depletion of hemolymph proteins of Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 1117359 TI - Survival and cercaria production of Brazilian Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea infected with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 1117360 TI - Lesion formation in the livers of mice caused by metabolic products of Hymenolepis microstoma. PMID- 1117361 TI - Modification of the immunoelectrophoresis test for the immunodiagnosis of hydatidosis. PMID- 1117362 TI - Anthelmintic effect of the gentamicin complex and coproduced antibiotics against tapeworms of lambs and cats. PMID- 1117363 TI - Intestinal absorption of hexoses in rats after reinfection with Nematospiroides dubius. PMID- 1117364 TI - Helminth parasites of the starling (Sturnus vulgaris L.) from South Bass Island, Ohio. PMID- 1117365 TI - Trypanosoma cervi sp. n. from elk (Cervus canadensis) in Wyoming. AB - Trypanosoma cervi sp. n. is described from 22 trypomastigote syntypes from the blood of elk, Cervus canadensis, in North America (type locality: Wyoming). The blood trypomatigotes of T. cervi are compared with various culture forms: epimastigotes in 22 to 25 C NNN cultures; trypomastigotes in 37 C NNN cultures; and trypomastigotes from CAM chick embryo (10-day) cultures. Trypanosoma cervi is differentiated on morphological grounds from the cosmopolitan bovine species, T. theileri, and from T. ingens and T. mazamarum. Transmission of T. cervi to cattle was attempted using infected elk blood. No trypanosomal stages were recovered when recipients were examined by blood culture. The findings support the morphological data that T. cervi is distinct from T. theileri. PMID- 1117366 TI - On the cultivation of Trypanosoma vivax: a tale of two visits in Nigeria. AB - A new method is presented for obtaining in vitro development of the insect cycle of Trypanosoma vivax. Bloodstream trypanosomes from infected sheep were inoculated to tsete fly organ cultures in a modified Eagle's medium with 20% sheep serum, and incubated at 28 C. The organisms multiplied first as elongate spiral trypomastigotes. In successful cultures these transformed to epimastigotes. The epimastigotes multiplied extensively to form dense layers attached to formed structures, especially to pieces of peritrophic membrane. In older cultures transitional forms appeared, including some approaching the morphology of metacyclic trypanosomes. PMID- 1117367 TI - Metacercaria of Bucephalopsis labiatus (Trematoda: Bucephalidae) in the California grunion, Leuresthes tenuis. PMID- 1117368 TI - Four new species of Gyrodactylus from fishes of Alabama. AB - Four new species of Gyrodactylus are described from fishes of Alabama. Gyrodactylus dorosomae was collected from Dorosoma cepedianum (Le Sueur) and D. petenense (Gunther); G. parvicirrus from Notropis atherinoides Raf; G. lythruri from Notropis b. bellus Hay and N. atrapiculus Snelson; and G. nigrum from Etheostoma nigrum Raf. PMID- 1117369 TI - Activity of commerical fasciolicides in small laboratory mammals. AB - The activity is reported of 6 commerical fasciolicides and disophenol administered at doses of effective in sheep, against 6- and 12-week-old Fasciola hepatica in rats and rabbits and 6-week-old flukes in guinea pigs. Tests in rats and rabbits do not give a reliable indication of the activity of fasciolicides in sheep, but results with guinea pigs were closer to those in sheep. A comparison of the effective dose in rats and sheep indicates that tests in rats usually underestimate activity in sheep. The use of a simple egg count procedure in sheep to provide information on potential fasciolicides is described. PMID- 1117370 TI - Waltonella, nom. n. for subgenus Waltonia (Nematoda: Filaroidea) Schacher and Crans, 1973, preoccupied by Waltonia Davidson, 1850 (Brachiopoda). PMID- 1117371 TI - The life cycle of Echinoparyphium ralphaudyi sp. n. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). AB - The life cycel and morphology of Echinoparyphium ralphaudyi sp. n. is described. Natural infections were found in Bulinus truncatus from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Yemen Arab Republic, and later in B. forskalii and B. sericinus from Ethiopia. Sporocysts develop near the places of miracidial entry into the snail (the head foot region, mantle edge, pseudobranch, and antennae). Rediae occur mainly in the ovotestis and in tissues anterior to the liver. The first cercariae are released 24 days postexposure. Metacercariae encyst in various freshwater snails and are localized in the pericardial sac and the posterior part of the kidney. Adult worms live in the small intestine of a variety of experimental animals: hamsters, rats, mice, chicks, ducklings, pigeons, and finches. PMID- 1117372 TI - Cuterebra parasitism of an American woodcock. PMID- 1117373 TI - Identification of sex in Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. AB - A simple method for determining the sex of larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni involved cytological demonstration of sex chromatin (heterochromatin) in the interphase and prophase nuclei of cercariae. Cerariae from unimiracidial infections were fixed, and permanent slides were stained with thionin, Giemsa, or fuchsin. On examination, a given cercaria showed either 1 or 2 sex chromatin bodies in the nuclei, the female with 1 and the male with 2 bodies. The results of observation on the sex of cercariae from the slides were matched with those of worms obtained from mice injected with the corresponding batch of cercariae. The accuracy of cytologic sex identification was greater than 80% in these experiments. The sex chromatin in both adult and larval stages was in the form of large, dark purplish bodies usually situated towards the periphery of the nuclei and could be easily distinguished from the other chromatin granules present in the nuclei. PMID- 1117374 TI - Fine structure of possible photoreceptor in cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Two structures near the anterior end of cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni are interpreted as possible photoreceptors. Each appears to be ovoid and is composed of a thin cytoplasmic wall surrounding a cavity which contains lamellae. The lamellae are extensions of modified cilia which arise from the inner wall of the cavity. PMID- 1117375 TI - First intermediate host of Diphyllobothrium sebago (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) in nature. PMID- 1117376 TI - Superinfection of Biomphalaria glabrata with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Biomphalaria glabrata 2 to 12 mm in diameter were exposed to 1 miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and after 15, 30, or 60 days were reexposed to the homologous strain. The criterion of superinfection was the subsequent escape of cercariae of both sexes. Opposite sex superinfection was acquired by 45 of 106 snails of various sizes, all of which were in the group reexposed at 30 days. The observations confirm those of Kagan and Geiger and suggest that in the schistosomes a maximizing of the number of intermediate hosts with larval populations of both sexes may be an adaptation having a high species survival value. PMID- 1117377 TI - A convenient technique for killing and preserving leeches for general study. PMID- 1117379 TI - Three new species of Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the skate, Raja chilensis Guichenot, 1848, with comments on mode of attachment and host specificity. AB - Echeneibothrium multiloculatum sp. n., E. williamsi sp. n., and E. megalosoma sp. n. are described from the spiral valve of 90 specimens of Raja chilensis collected off central Chile. In Echeneibothrium infections, attachment sites and host infectivity are indicated as at least a partial function of hold-fast type, mucosal pattern, and first worms established. This is the first report of the genus Echeneibothrium from South American waters. PMID- 1117378 TI - Ammonia formation and amino acid excretion by Gyrocotyle fimbriata (Cestoidea). AB - Gyrocotyle fimbriata isolated from the spiral valve of Hydrolagus colliei were washed, then held in a filtered seawater-penicillin-Tris buffer medium. Ammonia and urea release to the medium declined together and ammonia production was minimal when the urea concentration was below detectable limits. Alanine and smaller amounts of glycine were released to the medium at a more constant rate. After 12 hr the alanine-glycine excretion was more than 20 times the ammonia excretion. L-arginine, L-serine, L-histidine, and urea were most effective in stimulating ammonia production by whole worms; other L-amino acids were essentially ineffective. L-glutamate dehydrogenase, L-amino acid oxidase, uricase, and ornithine transcarbamylase were below detectable levels. L-serine dehydrase, L-arginase, L-histidase, and urease were detected in tissue homogenates and probably account for most of the endogenous ammonia production. L arginase has a molecular weight of 28,000 by Sehpadex gel filtration. The high levels of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and lower levels of glutamate oxalacetate transaminase correlate with the high level of alanine excretion. It is concluded that (1) ammonia production is not strongly linked to the overall energy metabolism of Gyrocotyle and is probably a result of a series of unrelated enzymatic reactions such as the action of urease of urea from the tissue of the rat fish, and (2) alanine and glycine are the major nitrogen excretory products and their production is linked to the energy metabolism of Gyrocotyle. PMID- 1117380 TI - Two new species of Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from skates in the western North Atlantic. AB - Echeneibothrium bathyphilum sp. n. is described from the deep-sea skate, Raja bathyphila Holt and Byrne. Echeneibothrium sobrinum sp. n., a parasite in the spiral intestine of the skates Raja ocellata Mitchill and Raja erinacea Mitchill, is described from Vineyard Sound near Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Additional data are given for E. vernetae Euzet, 1956, from living and fixed specimens obtained from the type host in the type locality. Morphology of the strobilae and bothridia, testes numbers, and cirrus pouch dimensions clearly distinguish the new species from all others. PMID- 1117381 TI - Giant-cell tumors and aneurysmal bone cysts of ribs in childhood. AB - Cystic or solid lesions of ribs containing giant cells are rarely seen in children. Three cases are presented which are uncommon with regard to the age of the patients (5-14 yr old) as well as the site. These lesions were diagnosed late and exclusively by X-ray. Radiographically it was impossible to distinguish between a giant cell tumor and an aneurysmal bone cyst. Although the distinction of aneurysmal bone cysts and giant cell tumors sensu strictiori is justified from a clinical point of view, the two may be variants of the same pathologic growth process, i.e. growth of angiogribous tissue with giant cells in excess of that generally observed in the course of a "reactive" process. PMID- 1117382 TI - Testicular tumors in childhood. AB - Tumors of the testis are uncommon in childhood comprising only about 2% of all malignant tumors. Twenty-five children with testicular tumors seen in the last 25 yr had 11 orchioblastomas, nine differentiated teratomas, three paratesticular sarcomas, one seminoma, and one dermoid cyst. It must be stressed that, contrary to popular opinion, the prognosis for orchioblastoma is favorable today, eight of the 11 children with this condition have survived for more than 2 yr. Orchiectomy should be followed by rigorous treatment with anticancer chemotherapy for 1 yr. Excision of the para-aortic glands and radiotherapy are not beneficial in prophylaxis. Lymphadenectomy is indicated only if metastases are demonstrated by lymphangiogram. Patients who have survived for more than 2 yr should, in general, be regarded as cured. PMID- 1117383 TI - Hemangiomatosis of the liver in infants. AB - Seven patients with hemangiomatosis of the liver are presented together with 100 cases reported in the literature. Six of seven patients survived; four with supportive treatment only. Follow-up is from 2 to 11 yr. Hepatomegaly, heart failure, and cutaneous angiomas constitute the classical clinical triad. Arteriography is the best method for diagnosis; biopsy should be avoided. Clinical features and histologic examination of these benign vascular tumors seem to confirm the theory that hemangioendothelioma and hemangioma represent only different developmental stages of one disease. These lesions can regress spontaneously if left alone. Despite contrary prevailing opinion, the authors recommend nonoperative treatment as the first choice of the clinician. PMID- 1117384 TI - Major hepatic resections in children. AB - An experience with 31 hepatic resections in children has demonstrated that mortality and morbidity are primarily determined by percentage of normally functioning liver retained as well as by the experitse of both intraoperative and postoperative care. Criteria for resectability in neoplasia and trauma can readily be established. Early peripheral hypovolemia due to splanchnic pooling was observed frequently, while drains appeared to favor significantly the development of intra-abdominal spesis. Bleeding diatheses did not occur. An inability of the patient to maintain blood glucose and serum albumin were the sole metabolic derangements necessitating replacement therapy. The over-all mortality rate was 13%, with survival of two of four children subjected to 90% resections. PMID- 1117385 TI - Complete duplication of the urethra with probable diphallus. PMID- 1117386 TI - Congenital leiomyomatous tumor in a newborn simulating jejunal atresia. PMID- 1117387 TI - Cervical thymic cyst. PMID- 1117388 TI - Baby with a third leg. PMID- 1117389 TI - Ileoanostomy in ulcerative colitis (Ravitch procedure). PMID- 1117390 TI - Spontaneous rupture of diaphragm due to pertusis. PMID- 1117391 TI - Pyloric atresia. PMID- 1117392 TI - Carcinoma of the stomach in a 10-year-old boy. PMID- 1117393 TI - Intestinal smooth muscle response to chronic obstruction : possible applications in jejunoileal atresia. AB - Hyperplasia is the main change occurring in intestinal smooth muscle above a chronic obstruction and explains the functional obstruction seen in the proximal bowel of a jejunoileal atresia. With an experimental model in dogs, this hyperplasia has been shown to be reversible. However, changes are extreme in atresia, and experiments in animals with induced atresia will best evaluate various kinds of treatment. PMID- 1117394 TI - Gastric bypass for morbid obesity in children and adolescents. AB - This report reviews 25 patients 20 yr of age or younger who were treated for morbid obesity by gastric bypass or gastroplasty. Eighteen genetically normal obese adolescents averaged 15% body weight loss 6 mo after operation and 25% weight loss 36 mo postoperatively; the eight males lost more weight than did the ten females. Seven younger children had Prader-Willi syndrome; six of them lost weight postoperatively although not so dramatically as the genetically normal obese patients. Four patients required later revisions to reduce the size of the gastric pouch or stoma. These operations were performed with acceptable morbidity and no mortality. Growth in height was not interrupted and no metabolic problems were encountered postoperatively. Gastric bypass is a safe and effective method of controlling body weight in morbidly obese children and adolescents. PMID- 1117395 TI - Immunological studies in the postsplenectomy syndrome. AB - Variations in the serial immunoglobulins of 52 children splenectomized for a variety of indications were studied and compared with two groups of children, one postoperative and one without operation. The most significant finding was the constant decrease in Ig M in every instance. Our series of splenectomized children seems to confirm the facts noted by other authors. The incidence of serious infections has been clearly significant and is clearly postsplenectomy sepsis. The age of the patients has a great influence on the seriousness of the septic process, these being more severe on younger children. The influence has also been revealed of the cause which motivated the operation, this corresponding in the first place to thalassemia and in the second place through spherocytosis and pseudohormones. It is evident that the immunologic role of the spleen during early childhood, especially under the age of 5 yr is important. The greatest risk or postsplenectomy sepsis is in the first 2 yr of life. Splenectomy should be delayed until after the age of 5 if clinical circumstances permit. If not, prophylactic chemotherapy should be carried out during the first 18 mo after splenectomy. PMID- 1117396 TI - Experience with choledocal cyst. AB - In a series of ten children operated upon for congenital choledocal cyst, it was noted that the diagnosis had often been delayed because of intermittent or moderate symptoms during the first year of life. We favor resection of the cyst, advocated by many authors recently, but it should be emphasized that this procedure is not without risk and may be quite a difficult undertaking. Late results were satisfactory on the whole, even in one child with severe portal hypertension. However, the moderate fibrosis found at operative biopsy and the still slightly enlarged liver at follow-up examination are reasons for long-term observation of these patients. PMID- 1117397 TI - Biochemical screening for neural crest tumors in childhood. PMID- 1117398 TI - Hiatus hernia in infants and children: a long-term follow-up of medical therapy. AB - The follow-up of 75 patients over a period of 1-12 yr demonstrates that at least 70% of these--if infants--may be permanently free of symptoms, when placed on medical therapy. If an infant becomes free of symptoms under 14 days, it may be expected that medical therapy will be definitely successful. Therefore, it seems to us that every infant ought to be given medical therapy for a period of at least 14 days. Medical therapy does not give rise to stenosis of the esophagus. Hiatus hernia is a diagnosis which should be made at the earlies possible moment. Only on this basis can medical therapy be successful and stenosis of the esophagus may be prevented. PMID- 1117399 TI - Individual differences in coalitional behavior. AB - Individual differences in coalitional behavior were investigated in an experimental setting. Variables representing the choice of partner and bargaining on payoff were correlated with one another and with some personality variables. The findings indicate that partner power preference is significantly related to initial bargaining demands and bargaining endurance. The bargaining variables of initial demands, final demands, concessions, and endurance were found to be significantly related to one another. The findings indicate that the personality variable of external control is significantly related to partner power preference and bargaining concessions. The results suggest that differences in coalitional behavior that occur independently of situational variation have a significant systematic component. The findings indicate that an analysis of these differences could enhance prediction of coalitional behavior. Prediction linkages between variables are proposed. PMID- 1117400 TI - Evaluation of an interviewer as a function of interviewer gaze, reinforcement of subject gaze, and interviewer attractiveness. AB - Male subjects were interviewed by female interviewers who gazed constantly, intermittently, or not at all. Experimental subjects were reinforced with green light feedback whenever they gazed at the interviewers and were punished with red light feedback when they averted gaze for more than 6 seconds. Control subjects received noncontingent green and red light feedback. Although gaze of experimental subjects toward the interviewers was increased significantly, their attitudes toward the interviewers remained the same. This was probably because the subjects did not discriminate that their gazing behavior had changed. Subjects gave the most unfavorable reactions to the nongazing interviewers, rating them as least attractive, giving them the shortest answers, and sitting farthest from them during the debriefing session. Subjects did not discriminate between high and low attractive interviewers, except that the latter were rated disproportionately low on attentiveness if they did not gaze. Interviewers with high rates of talking were preferred over interviewers with low rates of talking. It was concluded that interpersonal attraction is related to gaze and physical attractiveness through a number of mediating variables which will have to be isolated more specifically in future research. PMID- 1117401 TI - Cross-modal effects of anticipatory bogus heart rate feedback in a negative emotional context. AB - The goal of the present investigation was to examine the effect of altering the perceptions of one's own physiological arousal on the elicitation of emotional behavior as defined by galvanic skin response, the nonspecific galvanic skin response, and verbal report measures of discomfort and unpleasantness. After an initial three-minute rest period, 48 subjects were exposed to 10 successive slides of people who died violently and continuous auditory tones. Results showed that the groups simultaneously exposed to the noxious slides and tones labeled as bogus heart rate feedback responded to the slides with increased electrodermal activity as compared to subjects exposed to the identical auditory feedback labeled as extraneous noise. An increase in bogus heart rate tended to elicit the most pronounced electrodermal responses. As expected, bogus heart rate conditions resulted in greater self reports of discomfort and slide unpleasantness as compared to the noise conditions. These findings were explained as a function of a cyclic cognitive-visceral link. PMID- 1117402 TI - Influence of locus of control on interpersonal attraction and affective reactions in situations involving reward and punishment. AB - Ninety-six subjects with either high or low I-E Scale scores participated in individual discussions with an experimental who either (a) rewarded and then punished, (b) punished and then rewarded, or (c) gave no evaluative feedback after the subject's responses. Because previous research has suggested that internally controlled subjects attend primarily to rewards while externally controlled subjects attend primarily to punishments, it was hypothesized (a) that the internally controlled subjects, as compared to externally controlled subjects, would be more attracted to the experimenter in the conditions involving rewards and punishments regardless of the sequencing and (b) that the reverse would be true in the nonevaluative control condition. The prediction was consistently supported and subjects' feelings of anger and anxiety during the discussions generally complemented the attention and attraction hypotheses. The results indicate that individual differences influence attraction in situations involving rewards and punishments and they offer a prescription for developing interpersonal attraction and minimizing anger: Offer rewards to internally controlled persons and remain neutral with externally controlled persons. PMID- 1117403 TI - Conditioned autonomic responses as bidirectional indicators of racial attitude. AB - Present physiological techniques of attitude measurement tap attitude intensity but not attitude direction. An alternative physiological technique, based upon the phenomenon of semantic generalization of conditioned autonomic responses, was tested to determine whether it would provide a bidirectional indicator of attitude. Subjects with favorable or unfavorable self-reported attitudes toward blacks were conditioned to statements having no racial content which they had previously evaluated as "bad." Subsequently, they were presented with statements with racial content; the latter were sentences which would be differentially evaluated as "good" or "bad" by persons with dissimilar racial attitudes. It was hypothesized that racial attitude would predict conditioned autonomic responses elicited by the generalization statements. It was found that groups differing in racial attitude could be distinguished on the basis of their conditioned responses to the race-related generalization statements. Unresolved problems of interpretation are discussed. PMID- 1117404 TI - Effects of stress and commonality of fate on helping behavior. AB - An experiment was performed in order to examine the joint effects of stress and commonality of fate on helping behavior. In a 2 times 2 factorial design, subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in which (a) the subject and a confederate are both awaiting an experiment involving electric shock (high stress-common fate); (b) the subject is awaiting an experiment involving electric shock while the confederate is awaiting an innocuous word association experiment (high stress-dissimilar fate); (c) the subject is awaiting the word association experiment while the confederate awaits shock (low stress dissimilar fate); and (d) the subject and the confederate are both awaiting an innocuous word association experiment (low stress-common fate). As predicted, a significant interaction, p less than .01, was obtained, indicating that high stress, as compared to low stress, facilitates helping if the potential recipient is in the same stressful situation but inhibits helping if the potential recipient is in a dissimilar and less stressful situation. PMID- 1117405 TI - Escalation of aggression: experimental studies. AB - A finding commonly obtained in research using the Buss "aggression machine" is a main effect for trail blocks, indicating an escalation in shock intensity over trails. Theoretical explanations for this effect were tested in a modified verbal operant-conditioning situation. In Experiment 1, subjects could administer any of 10 levels of positive reinforcement to a "learner" for correct verbal responses or any of 10 levels of negative reinforcement to a learner for incorrect responses. Half of the subjects were required to begin with weak, half with strong, reinforcements. Results indicated that, regardless of condition, subjects gave more intense reinforcements as the learning trails progressed. Those who administered negative reinforcements devalued the learner relative to those who administered positive reinforcements. In Experiment 2, a role-playing procedure was used in which subjects administered either positive or negative reinforcements to a learner whose performance either did or did not improve over trials. Again, in all experimental groups, subjects administered increasingly intense reinforcements over trials. The results are interpreted as supporting a disinhibition theory of anti- and prosocial behavior. PMID- 1117406 TI - Childbirth as crisis: a test of Janis's theory of communication and stress resolution. AB - The relationship between expectation and subjective outcome in childbirth was investigated. Sixty primigravidae responded to a questionnaire before and after labor and delivery. The evaluation of childbirth as favorable or unfavorable was related to whether the experience was rated better or worse than expectation. Anticipation of labor and delivery was positively related to a woman's perception of her mother's experience in childbirth, but was not related to the woman's evaluation of her actual delivery experience. Women receiving extreme communications or no information from their mother reported poorer outcomes than women who received moderate communications. Anxiety, as measured by the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, and denial, as measured by the Self-Criticism Scale of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, were not related to anticipation or subjective outcome measures. Results were interpreted within Janis's theory of psychological stress. PMID- 1117407 TI - Effects of viewed violence and aggression: stimulation and catharsis. AB - Tests of the catharsis hypothesis involving viewed violence have led to conflicting results. It was suggested that the inconsistencies were due in part to the use of two different types of response measures, aggressive responses and hostile responses. This study involved a direct comparison of the two types of responses under conditions of instigation versus no instigation and aggressive versus neutral film. It was hypothesized that viewing an aggressive film would lead to a decrease in hostile responses (catharsis) and an increase in aggressive responses (stimulation) when compared with a neutral film condition. It was also hypothesized that both stimulation and catharsis effects would be enhanced under instigation conditions. A main effect of instigation was found with subjects in the instigation condition having higher scores than those in the noninstigated condition. A main effect of film was found with subjects having lower scores in the aggressive film condition than in the neutral film condition. A significant Film times Response Outlet interaction was found which offered support for the predicted catharsis effect on the hostility measure. There was no support for the predicted stimulation effect on the aggression measure. The results of the study offer support for the main thesis that in examining the effects of viewed violence, separation of hostile responses and aggressive responses is necessary for full understanding. PMID- 1117408 TI - Reactions to male and female success and failure in sex-linked occupations: impressions of personality, causal attributions, and perceived likelihood of different consequences. AB - Female subjects responded to three short verbal cues in which either a male or female character succeeded or failed in an examination qualifying the male (or female) for entry into an occupation. Three occupations were involved varying in masculine dominance (medicine, teaching, and nursing). In responding to each cue, subjects first rated the character in the cue on semantic differential scales to provide impressions of personality, then rated the importance of different possible causes of the outcome (causal attribution), and finally rated the likelihood that each of a set of possible consequences might follow the outcome. Results indicated a fairly pervasive tendency for the female subjects to upgrade successful males in relation to unsuccessful males but to downgrade successful females in relation to unsuccessful females. Results were discussed in relation to sex roles in society as they relate to permissible achievements for males and females. PMID- 1117409 TI - Time perception and stimulus preference as a function of stimulus complexity. AB - The present research joins previous efforts to define more clearly the phenomenon of perceived time as an important social-psychological dimension. In this study, time was considered a socially existential variable that can most meaningfully be measured by comparing two or more subjectively experienced durations, each with the other(s). Combining this view of time judgment with the adaptation level/optimal arousal principle, two hypotheses were tested: (a) that test stimuli differing in degree of complexity elicit from the individual differential degrees of affect, and (b) that intervals during which the individual is exposed to either overly simple or overly complex stimuli are judged as comparatively longer than objectively equal durations filled with moderately complex stimuli. Both hypotheses were affirmed. PMID- 1117410 TI - Differential self-concept in American Indian children as a function of language and examiner. AB - The hypothesis that minority self-concept may vary as a function of implicit ethnic and nonethnic evaluative criteria was investigated by testing 40 Mikasuki Seminole Indian children in their native language (Mikasuki) with Indian examiners and in English with Anglo examiners. Two reservation groups, matched for age and sex, received four administration of a personal (Piers-Harris) and an Indian self-concept scale, in a repeated measures counterbalanced design, varying language and order. Significant tes-retest correlations indicated response stability across languages and time. Results, homogeneous for all subgroups, showed significantly higher personal self-concept in Mikasuki, significantly higher Indian self-concept in English. It was suggested that minority testing may involve culturally patterned and context-bound response tendencies. PMID- 1117411 TI - Humorous laughter in children. AB - This experiment examines the notion that the sharing of humor enhances overt expressive responses (laughter and smiling) and humor ratings. Independent groups of seven- to eight-year-old children listened on headphones to amusing material. They were tested alone or in dyads or triads with confederates of the same sex. In triads, duration of laughter and smiling was inversely related to the amount that confederates looked at one another; this was the case whether confederates were thought to be listening to the same or different recordings. Laughter and smiling scores support the notion that sharing the social situation is crucial in the facilitation of "humorous laughter." A theory of socially facilitated laughter is proposed which draws upon social-facilitation drive theory and the tension-reduction aspects of humor theory. PMID- 1117412 TI - To comply or not comply: testing the self-perception explanation of the "foot-in the-door" phenomenon. AB - A field experiment was conducted to test the self-perception explanation of the "foot-in-the-door" phenomenon of increased compliance with a substantial request after prior compliance with a smaller demand. In this study, some subjects were first approached with a small request (answer 8 questions in a telephone survey) the size of which was virtually certain to guarantee compliance. Other subjects were first approached with a request sufficiently large to guarantee noncompliance (answer 50 questions). Subjects in both of these conditions were subsequently approached with a moderately sized request (30 questions sponsored by a different public service organization). As predicted by self-perception theory, subjects in the small-initial-request condition showed a higher rate of compliance to the second request (.519), whereas subjects in the large-initial request condition showed a lower rate of compliance (.219) than subjects in the no-initial-request control condition (.333). PMID- 1117413 TI - Effects of "mere exposure" on learning and affect. AB - The mediating role of learning in the relationship between repeated exposure and affect was explored and supported in three experiments involving a total of 229 undergraduate participants. It was found that both learning and affect measures behaved in essentially the same way as a function of exposure duration (Experiments 1 and 3), serial position (Experiments 1 and 2), rating delay (Experiment 1) and stimulus properties (Experiment 1). These results suggest learning may be intrinsically rewarding and clarify one of the mechanisms involved in the relationship between exposure frequency and affect, extending Berlyne's two-factor theory of the effects of stimulus familiarity. PMID- 1117414 TI - The treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis with pyrazole. AB - Rats and dogs were protected from the effects of lethal doses of ingested ethylene glycol (EG) with pyrazole (P), an inhibitor of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Rats given 1.35 ml/100 g of EG followed by 2.2 mmol/kg of P i.p. at 6 and 30 hours postingestion survived. Untreated control animals died. Dogs were given either 10.0 or 12.5 ml/kg of EG and treatment was begun 6 hours later. The control treatment consised of NaHC03 administered i.v. according to the calculated base deficit, B-complex vitamins with ascorbic acid, hydrocortisone, and 5 per cent glucose in water. The addition postexposure to this treatment of 0.9 mmol/kg of P and 0.5 mmol/kg of P at 6 and 30 hours, respectively, constituted the experimental therapy. In summary: with 10 ml/kg of EG, no P, 2 of 5 dogs survived; 12.5 ml/kg of EG, no P, 0/1; 10 ml/kg of EG plus P, 9/11; 12.5 ml/kg of EG plus P, 12/22. Dogs that succumbed had large numbers of oxalate crystals in their kidneys at necropsy. The surviving dogs had few oxalate crystals in their kidneys at the time of unilateral nephrectomy (2 weeks postexposure) or necropsy (30 days postexposure). Several clinical factors were identified as useful prognostic indicators in the treatment of EG poisoning. The results suggested that pyrazole, despite its marked toxicity, may be of clinically significant value in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning when therapy is initiated withing 6 hours of exposure. PMID- 1117415 TI - An extracorporeal complexing hemodialysis system for the treatment of methylmercury poisoning. I. In vitro studies of the effects of four complexing agents on the distribution and dialyzability of methylmercury in human blood. AB - Almost all of the methylmercury (MM) in human blood is protein bound, primarily to sulfhydryl ligands. Sulfhydryl agents such as penicillamine, N acetylpenicillamine, cysteine and N-acetyleysteine are capable of reversing the protein binding of MM when they are added to whole human blood. The magnitude of the protein binding reversal was similar for each compound as predicted by the determination of their relative affinities for MM in vitro. Concentration dependent reversals of protein binding of MM in blood was observed at increasing sulfhydryl concentrations from 10-4 to 10-2 M. At 10-2 M, a 55- to 60-fold increase in non-protein-bound plasma MM was observed, when compared to blood with no added sulfhydryl agent. Both the complexing agent and the MM complex formed in blood were readily dialyzable using a Travenol 145 twin coil hemodialyzer. At cysteine concentrations of 10-2 M in whole blood, up to 44 percent of whole blood MM was dialyzed on a single pass at a dialyzer blood flow rate of 55 ml/min. Under the same conditions, up 50 94 percent of plasma cysteine was dialyzed. A system is presented for use in vivo on experimental animals. The potential advantages of this method over existing therapeutic regimens for MM poisoning are discussed. PMID- 1117416 TI - Effect of narcotic drugs on ribonucleic acid and nucleotide metabolism in mouse brain. AB - Mice either were administered 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg of morphine sulfate acutely or were chronically implanted with pellets containing morphine, naloxone or pentazocine. They were then injected intraperitoneally or intracerebroventricularly with [5-3H] uridine or [5-3H] orotic acid either 30 minutes, 24 hours of 48 hours before sacrifice. The incorporation of the 3H into brain total homogenate, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and uridine nucleotides was measured. The RNA content of brain and liver was also assayed. When [3H] uridine was injected. i.p. 30 minutes before sacrifice, acute injection of 30 or 100 mg/kg of morphine sulfate or chronic implantation of morphine pellets decreased the incorporation of the [3H] uridine into brain RNA. However, neither the acute administration of 10 mg/kg of morphine sulfate, nor the chronic administration of naloxone or pentazocine, altered the amount of radioactivity incorporated into RNA. Chronic morphine treatment decreased the incorporation of 3H into uridine nucleotides and nucleotide sugars due partially to increased catabolism of the [3H] uridine. The brain and liver RNA concentration was unchanged by chronic morphine administration. Thus, chronic morphine treatment alters the metabolism of uridine nucleotides but does not appear to alter the net synthesis of the total brain RNA. PMID- 1117417 TI - Application of principles of steady-state kinetics to the in vivo estimation of acetylcholine turnover rate in mouse brain. AB - The rate of metabolism of acetylcholine (ACh) in mouse brain in vivo has been estimated utilizing a radio gas chromatographic approach and pulse labeling with radioactive phosphorylcholine. A kinetic model describing the change with time of the plasma choline (Ch), brain Ch and ACh specific radioactivities as interdependent variables is postulated. The experimental results are analyzed kinetically according to this model using two methods: the finite difference method described by Neff et al. (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 176: 701-710, 1971) and a simple graphic method based on the transformation of the data in terms of the decline of plasma Ch radioactivity described in this paper. The accuracy of the latter is evaluated by the classic method of the least mean squares. Calculations with the two methods yield comparable results. This method is simple and can be used to study drug effects on brain ACh turnover rate. ACh turnover rate in mouse brain has been calculated to be 0.36 mumol/g/hr with the latter method, whereas the finite difference method yields slightly lower values. Because of the compartmentalization of brain Ch and the inherent assumptions, the new method can be used only for data collected during the exponential decline of plasma radioactive choline. PMID- 1117418 TI - Structure-activity relationships between meta-substituted N-ethylamphetamines and locomotor activity in mice. AB - The effects of N-ethylamphetamines substituted at the meta position of the phenyl ring with H, F, Cl, Br, I, CF3, CH3O, NO2 or OH were examined on locomotor activity in mice. With the exception of meta-CF3-N-ethylamphetamine (fenfluramine), all compounds stimulated locomotor activity to varying amounts as determined in dose-activity curves that included doses which were ineffective through doses which either decreased activity relative to lower doses or were lethal. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the extent to which these compounds increased locomotor activity was inversely related to meta substituent steric effects (size, r equal to 0.90), whereas hydrophobic and electronic substituent effects did not contribute significantly to this relationship. In mice pretreated with pargyline (100 mg/kg, 4 hours), the stimulant effects of these compounds were potentiated and again were inversely related only to substituent size (r equal to 0.77). In reserpine-pretreated mice (5 mg/kg, 24 hours), no relationship was obtained with size, hydrophobic or electronic effects individually or together. Reserpine pretreatment eliminated the rate-increasing effects of the iodinated and hydroxylated derivatives but not those of the other compounds. Pretreatment with alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (100 or 320 mg/kg, 1 hour) caused a dose-related abolition of N-ethylamphetamine induced increases in acitivity. These data suggest that the amphetamine derivatives of the present study act indirectly, probably through release of catecholamines. PMID- 1117419 TI - Structure-activity relationships between meta-substituted N-ethylamphetamines and isolated guinea-pig atrial rate. AB - The effects of N-ethylamphetamines (NEAs) substituted at the meta position of the phenyl ring with H, F, Cl, Br, I, CF3, CH3O, NO2, or OH were examined on the rate of spontaneously beating isolated guinea-pig atria. All compounds, with the exception of meta-iodo NEA and meta-trifluoromethyl NEA (fenfluramine), increased atrial rate to varying degrees, as determined in cumulative concentration response curves that included concentrations which were ineffective through those which decreased rate. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the respective maximum increases in atrial rate produced by these compounds were inversely related to the meta-substituted steric factor (size); neither hydrophobic nor electronic substituent effects contributed significantly to the relationship. In atria obtained from guinea pigs pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline (100 mg/kg, 4 hours pretreatment), the stimulant effects of these compounds were markedly potentiated and were again inversely related only to substituent size. In addition, after pargyline, meta-iodo NEA and fenfluramine greatly stimulated the atria. In atria. In atria obtained from guinea pigs which had been administered reserpine (5 mg/kg, 24 hours pretreatment), none of the compounds except meta-hydroxy NEA increased atrial rate. The interactions of pargyline and reserpine pretreatment with the actions of these NEA congeners suggest that all are indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines, except the hydroxylated compound, which is mixed-acting. PMID- 1117420 TI - Brain concentration of propranolol in relation to hypotensive effect in the rabbit with observations on brain propranolol levels in man. AB - Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of propranolol in the dog, cat and rabbit produces a significant fall in arterial pressure. In the following experiments, regional brain propranolol concentrations and changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) have been measured in the rabbit after central and peripheral administration of the drug and the results compared to human brain/plasma levels. In the conscious rabbit, ICV injection of l-propranolol (500 mug) produced a prolonged fall in MAP, maximal at 105 minutes (16.8 plus or minus 5.9 mm Hg below base line). The regional brain propranolol concentrations after ICV injection of 14C-dl-propranolol (530 mug) were determined and the levels compared to those achieved following i.v. infusion of the unlabeled drug (1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg/hr). The propranolol concentrations in the hypothalamus, medulla pons and midbrain after i.v. infusion were similar to the propranolol content in these areas at 60 and 120 minutes after ICV injection. Intravenous infusion of propranolol also resulted in significant falls in MAP between 60 and 120 minutes. In control studies, infusions of d-propranolol (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg/hr), which is virtually devoid of beta adrenoceptor blocking activity, produced only slight reductions in MAP. Postmortem studies in patients treated with prolonged i.v. infusions of d-propranolol as part of the treatment of paraquat poisoning indicate that the brain/plasma concentration of propranolol in man is similar to that observed in the rabbit. Propranolol is therefore highly concentrated in human brain tissue and comparable brain levels in the rabbit result in a hypotensive response. PMID- 1117421 TI - Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system by 5,6-dihydroxy-2-dimethylamino tetralin (M-7), apomorphine and dopamine. AB - M-7, in doses of 1 mug/kg, reduces the resting heart rate of anesthetized dogs and cats. In similar dose ranges, M-7 blocks reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Experimental procedures included bilateral carotid occlusion in the dog and central stimulation of vagi and right sciatic nerves in the cat. M-7 inhibits the response to postganglionic stimulation of the right cardioaccelerator nerve if the frequency of stimulation is 2 Hz; no inhibition is observed with a frequency of 18Hz. The inhibitory action of M-7 is antagonized by haloperidol, 50 mug/kg, or chlorpromazine, 150 mug/kg. Similar inhibitory actions and frequency specificity were observed in vitro using the right atrium of the cat and nerve stimulation. In cats, nerve stimulation was inhibited by apomorphine. Dopamine, in the presence of cocaine, also inhibited low-frequency nerve stimulation. It is postulated that prejunctional sympathetic nerves innervating the heart have dopamine receptors that serve as inhibitory role in transmission. PMID- 1117422 TI - On the mechanism of release of norepinephrine from cat spleen slices by sodium deprivation and calcium pretreatment. AB - Endogenous norepinephrine (NE) content of cat spleen slices was markedly depleted by incubating them in a sodium-free solution for 2 hours at 37 degrees C. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was not changed by this treatment. During incubation of the slices in sodium-free solution for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, there was a marked release of NE into the medium without a concomitant release of DBH. Incubation of the slices in a potassium-rich solution (140 mM) resulted in the release of both NE and DBH into the medium. In control slices, the soluble form of DBH accounted for nearly 30 percent of the total DBH activity. The proportion of soluble DBH was not appreciably affected when slices were incubated in sodium-free medium for 2 hours at 37 degrees C. It is concluded that release of NE from sympathetic nerves by sodium deprivation probably occurs by a process other than exocytosis. Additional information is presented concerning the DBH levels in spleen slices which were depleted by their endogenous NE content by preincubation in calcium-rich solution and then in normal Krebs' solution or by a simultaneous inhibition of both glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. PMID- 1117423 TI - Effect of magnesium on isoproterenol-induced alpha and beta receptor responses of vascular smooth muscle. AB - The presence of 1.2 mM magnesium in normal Ringer's solution decreased the sensitivity (increased ED50) and increased the maximum tension of rabbit aortic strips developed in response to dl-isoproterenol. Magnesium in the medium enhanced the degree of reserpine-induced supersensitivity to isoproterenol in whole aortic strips. On the other hand, in adventitia-free aortae, supersensitivity to isoproterenol was absent in the presence of magnesium. Isoproterenol-induced relaxation responses mediated by beta receptors were not modified by magnesium. However, maximum contractile responses mediated by alpha receptors were increased in the presence of magnesium. The decrease in sensitivity to isoproterenol in the presence of magnesium might be the result of its effect on calcium movements at the membrane and/or at intracellular calcium binding sites. The potentiating effect on the contractile tension responses to isoproterenol by magnesium might be a result of an increase in the amount of available calcium or to conformational changes produced on the membrane leading to a change in the contractility of the cells. PMID- 1117424 TI - Altered resting membrane potential in the supersensitive vas deferens of the guinea pig. AB - Microelectrodes have been used to obtain evidence for cellular changes associated with postjunctional supersensitivity in the vas deferens. Chronic decentralization or denervation caused a partial depolarization. A study of the time course of this depolarization in decentralized vasa deferentia indicated that the phenomenon appeared and reached a plateau between the 2nd and 4th postoperative day, i. e., at the same time as postjunctional supersensitivity develops in this tissue. Junction potentials induced by transmural stimulation and measured in impaled cells were not significantly different in control and decentralized cells. The results are discussed in relation to existing theories of supersensitivity and information in the literature regarding other cellular changes, especially of calcium. It is hypothesized that postjunctional supersensitivity is due, at least in part, to a reduction in resting membrane potential associated with a decrease in calcium bound to the cell membrane. PMID- 1117425 TI - Antagonism of the uterotonic action of oxytocin in vitro. AB - Cumulative concentration-effect curves of oxytocin alone and with various antagonists were obtained in vitro on uteri from estrogen-treated rats. Graded concentrations of salbutamol, isoproterenol, papaverine, theophylline, thioglycollate, and MgCl2 produced a decrease in the maximal effect of oxytocin and a shift of the concentration-effect curves to the right. Salbutamol and isoproterenol appeared to act as functional antagonists of oxytocin in which agonist and antagonist each interacted with its own specific receptor to produce a decreased combined effect on a common effector. Antagonism by papaverine or theophylline was increased by prior or simultaneous treatment with salbutamol, isoproterenol, epinephrine, or norepinephrine. The potentiation had a rapid onset, was partially blocked by propranolol, persisted for at least 85 minutes following washout of salbutamol, and was not due to a residual effect of salbutamol. This interaction could result from phosphodiesterase inhibition by papaverine and the accumulation of higher levels of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate brought about by adenyl cyclase activation with the sympathomimetic amines. PMID- 1117426 TI - Interaction between halothane and propranolol on oxytocin-induced uterine contractions. AB - Halothane and other volatile anesthetics were found to relax uteri maximally contracted by oxytocin and to enhance the relaxant effect of propranolol and other agents (tetracaine, quinidine and chlorpromazine) with local anesthetic properties. Concentration-effect curves for inhibition by propranolol or tetracaine were shifted to the left by halothane. Methoxyflurane, chloroform and diethyl ether also increased the effect of propranolol. The tissue/medium ratio for propranolol was increased by halothane. The uptake of propranolol was saturable and was decreased at 2.5 degrees C, suggesting an active transport mechanism. The increased uptake of propranolol in the presence of halothane was probably insufficient to account for the synergism noted. Inhibition by propranolol and tetracaine was inversely related to the concentration of calcium in the medium. The inhibitory effect of propranolol, tetracaine, quinidine and chlorpromazine appeared to be related to their ability to inhibit calcium transport. PMID- 1117427 TI - Mechanism of morphine-induced miosis in the dog. AB - It was observed that dogs under 50 percent nitrous oxide and succinylcholine exhibited a moderately large pupil, maintained a good pupillary light reflex and had a relatively high sensitivity to the miotic effects of morphine. A cumulative dose of 1 mg/kg. i.v. of morphine caused marked and sustained miosis in these animals. Morphine, 1 mg, was found to have no pupillary effect by intraocular administration. Optic nerve section and cervical sympathectomy did not interfere with the miotic response in either acute or chronic preparations. Conversely, a cumulative i.v. dose of 30 mg/kg of morphine failed to cause pupillary constriction when oculomotor innervation had been interrupted. In addition, morphine, 0.2 to 0.6 mg/kg i.v., caused marked miosis in dogs whose occipital lobes or cerebral hemispheres had been removed. These findings suggest that morphine acts on a subcortical region causing constriction of the pupil. The possible location was ascertained by unit recording with microelectrodes. It was observed that pupilloconstrictor neurons in the visceral nuclei of the oculomotor nuclear complex responded to morphine, 0.2 mg/kg i.v., by increased frequency of discharge. Other neurons in the pupillary light reflex pathway showed depressed activity. Levallorphan, 0.05 mg/kg i.v., but not phenylephrine (locally applied to the conjunctival sac) antagonized all of the actions of morphine on the pupilloconstrictor neurons. The present findings demonstrate that the miosis induced by morphine is accomplished by an excitatory action of the narcotic on the visceral nuclei of the oculomotor nuclear complex. PMID- 1117428 TI - Imipramine-caused interference with levodopa absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in rats. AB - Rats treated for 3 or 30 days with imipramine (30 mg/kg) have impaired absorption of a single dose of 14C-levodopa. Treated animals retain larger amounts of radioactivity in their gastric lumen and this interfers with delivery of levodopa to intestinal absorptive sites. Tissues of treated animals have lower levels of radioactivity than controls and urinary excretion of radioactivity is also lessened. Imipramine does not interfere with uptake of levodopa by everted sacs of rat jejunum. Imipramine does, however, interfere with the transit of radioactivity through the gastrointestinal tract of rats, since treated animals have lower ileal radioactivity than controls. Lower relative concentration of levodopa metabolites in gastric fluid and tissue may reflect an interference of uptake of levodopa by gastric enterochromaffin-like cells. PMID- 1117429 TI - Inhibitory actions of laxatives on motility and water and electrolyte transport in the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Castor oil and magnesium sulfate were studied for their effects on gastrointestinal contractile activity in vivo. Ricinoleic acid, the active ingredient in castor oil, magnesium sulfate and mannitol were studied and compared for their effects on net water and electrolyte absorption in vitro. Extraluminal strain gauge transducers were implanted in dogs and used to monitor the circular smooth muscle activity of the antrum, duodenum, ileum and colon after water, castor oil or a 30 percent solution of magnesium sulfate. Substances were tested during the interdigestive (fasted) and digestive (fed) states. Decreases in total activity were found for both cathartics in the antrum and ileum. Further analysis revealed that decreases in the ileum occurred primarily by a decrease in contractile rate, whereas antral decreases could be attributed primarily to a decrease in force per contraction. Proximal colonic activity tended to decrease after laxatives and feeding. The effects of ricinoleic acid, isotonic and hypertonic solutions of magnesium sulfate and mannitol on net water and electrolyte absorption were tested on everted segments of hamster jejunum. Sodium ricinoleate (2.0 mM) reduced net water transport by 48 percent (P smaller than .01). Magnesium sulfate, like mannitol, only reduced net water absorption when present as a component of a hypertonic mucosal solution. The results suggest that both inhibition of water absorption and reduced circular smooth muscle activity may be important factors in castor oil- and magnesium sulfate-induced catharsis. PMID- 1117430 TI - Negative reinforcing properties of some psychotropic drugs in drug-naive rhesus monkeys. AB - Rhesus monkeys, previously trained to avoid electric shock, pressed a lever to extinguish a light associated with an intravenous drug infusion scheduled to occur 30 seconds after the onset of the light. Each response when the light was on terminated the light for a 1-minute time-out period (avoidance); a response during the infusion terminated the infusion (escape). Under these conditions the monkeys tolerated a high number of saline infusions. Saline was replaced by different doses of chlorpromazine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and pentobarbital each for six successive daily 2-hour sessions. Infusions of chlorpromazine (5.0-20 mug/kg/infusion) or LSD (1.0-2.5 mug/kg/infusion) generated and maintained avoidance/escape behavior, whereas most of the infusions of pentobarbital (10-100 mu/kg/infusion) were tolerated. In rhesus monkeys with no previous drug experience, chlorpromazine and LSD, but not pentobartital, have negative reinforcing properties. PMID- 1117431 TI - Cultivation of Acanthamoeba castellanii, Neff Strain, at high hydrostatic pressures. AB - Log-phase cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii, Neff strain, have been maintained at elevated hydrostatic pressures over periods of several days and the population has been recounted at the end of the experimental period. A pressure of 2,000 psi (136 atm) depressed growth of the population, but was quickly reversed on release. A pressure of 4,000 psi (272 atm) severly depressed population growth, and any increase was slight and short-lasting at 5,000 psi (340 atm). Growth of the population was resumed only after an interval of 1 or more days after release. PMID- 1117432 TI - Effects of thiamine deprivation and replacement on the mitochondrion of Polytomella agilis. AB - Late log-phase cells of Polytomella agilis, grown with or without thiamine, were examined by electron microscopy. The mitochondrial profiles of cells cultivated in the presence of thiamine are relatively few in number and irregular in shape. The inner membranes, randomly dispersed in a light matrix, are elongated, vesicular, or branched in appearance. In vitamin-deficient cells, numerous mitochondrial profiles are evident. They have a regular circular or ovoid appearance. The inner membranes are regularly arrayed in an electron-dense matrix and generally appear elongated. By means of partial 3-dimensional reconstruction of whole cells the appearance of mitochondrial profiles in vitamin deficient cells can be explained by the increased branching of a single structure. Following transfer of vitamin-deficient cells to complete medium, normal mitochondrial structure is attained by similar to 3 hr. Reduced-minus oxidized difference spectra of suspensions of normal and vitamin-deficient cells, grown with gentle aeration, were recorded. The concentrations of a- and b-type cytochromes are reduced by 80-90 per cent, and c-type cytochromes are reduced by 40 per cent in thiamine-deficient cells. PMID- 1117433 TI - Metabolic changes in Trichomonas gallinae resulting from growth in various carbohydrates. AB - The influence of the type of growth carbohydrate on the subsequent metabolic activity of Trichomonas gallinae was investigated. Washed suspensions of cells collected from CPL-glucose, CPL-maltose, CPL-galactose, and CPL-glucose-maltose media were examined in the warburg respirometer for their ability to utilize glucose, maltose, and galactose. Comparisons of the metabolic parameters of substrate consumption, changes in glycogen content, and CO2 and H2 production were made. The pattern of utilization of the sugars, both qualitatively and quantitatively, depended upon the type of carbohydrate in the CPL medium used to culture the cells and upon the time of exposure of the cells to a particular sugar in the medium. PMID- 1117434 TI - Eimeria taterae sp. n. and other intestinal parasites from the antelope rat, Tatera indica in Baghdad District. AB - Of 8 fecal specimens from the antelope rat, Tatera indica Hardwicke examined, 4 were found positive for intestinal parasites. Among these was Eimeria taterae sp. n., sporulated oocysts of which are described, their characteristics serving for the diagnosis of this species. Entamoeba coli cysts, as well as ova of Hymenolepis sp. and Trichuris sp., were also found. PMID- 1117435 TI - Fine structure of Bodo curvifilus Griessmann (Kinetoplastida: Bodonidae). AB - Bodo curvifilus Griessmann conforms in its fine structure to the criteria proposed for the genus Bodo, including the presence of subpellicular microtubules, a single large kinetoplast-mitochondrion, emergence of the 2 heterodynamic flagella from a subapical flagellar pocket, and the presence of a paraxial rod associated with the axoneme of each flagellum. B. curvifilus possesses cytoplasmic bodies which resemble endosymbiotic bacteria. These are similar to those found in Bodo saltans. Bodo curvifilus can be distinguished ultrastructurally from Bodo caudatus and B. saltans by the presence in B. curvifilus of a hitherto unreported structure, "the microtubular prism," consisting of a bundle of 19 microtubules. In cross section, 15 of these microtubules form a cross-linked prismatic array. This microtubular bundle originates near the flagellar pocket and extends for several micrometers into the body of the organism where it follows the periphery of the cell and the long finger-like projections of the kinetoplast-mitochondrion. PMID- 1117436 TI - Protein uptake and digestion in bloodstream and culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei. AB - The mechanisms of ferritin uptake and digestion differ in bloodstream and culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Ferritin enters bloodstream forms from the flagellar pocket by pinocytosis in large spiny-coated vesicles. These vesicles become continuous with straight tubular extensions of a complex, mostly tubular, collecting membrane membrane system where ferritin is concentrated. From the collecting membrane system the tracer enters large digestive vacuoles. Small spiny-coated vesicles, which never contain ferritin, are found in the Golgi region, fusing with the collecting membrane system, and around the flagellar pocket. Acid phosphatase activity is present in some small spiny-coated vesicles which may represent primary lysosomes. This enzymic activity is also found in the flagellar pocket, pinocytotic vesicles, the collecting membrane system, the Golgi (mature face), and digestive vacuoles of bloodstream forms. About 50 percent of the acid phosphatase activity of blood forms is latent. The remaining nonlatent activity is firmly cell-associated and probably represents activity in the flagellar pocket. The structures involved in ferritin uptake and digestion are larger and more active in the short stumpy than in the long slender bloodstream forms. The short stumpy forms also have more autophagic vacuoles. No pinocytotic large, spiny-coated vesicles or Golgi-derived, small spiny-coated vesicles are seen in culture forms. Ferritin leaves the flagellar pocket of these forms and enters small smooth cisternae located just beneath bulges in the pocket membrane. The tracer then passes through a cisternal collecting membrane network, where it is concentrated, and then into multivesicular bodies. In the culture forms, acid phosphatase activity is localized in the cisternal system, multivesicular bodies, the Golgi (mature face), and small vesicles in the Golgi and cisternal regions. The flagellar pocket has no acid phosphatase activity, and almost all the acitvity is latent in these forms. The culture forms do not release acid phosphatase into culture medium during 4 days growth. Uptake of ferritin by all forms is almost completely inhibited by low temperature. These differences among the long slender and short stumpy bloodstream forms and culture forms are undoubtedly adaptive and reflect different needs of the parasite in different life cycle stages. PMID- 1117437 TI - Fine structure of the endogenous stages of Eimeria labbeana. I. The first generation merozoites. AB - The fine structure of the 1st generation merozoites of Eimeria labbeana from the ileal mucosa of artificially infected pigeons (Columba livia) was investigated and described. The 1st generation merozoites which appeared between 36-48 hr after infection averaged 4.4 times 2.1 mum in size. The 3-membraned pellicle was irregular in texture and harbored a single micropore, and many micropore-like invaginations. Closely apposed to the inner pellicular membrane were seen 22 microtubules, each 22-25 nm in diameter. An apical vesicle, 50 nm in diameter, seen at the anterior extremity, was connected with the common duct of the micronemes. The conoid consisted of 9 spiral elements, each 30 times 25 nm. The paired organelle (rhoptries) varied in length (1.4-2.2 mum), and the ductules (23 nm diameter) were composed of 2 inner tubules, each 6 nm in diameter. A unit membrane enveloped the partially alveolar and differentially osmiophilic interior of the bulbous regions of the rhoptries. The "rod-like structure" was found to be tubular and represented the common duct of the micronemes. PMID- 1117438 TI - [Genesis of merozoites in the coccidia, Eimeria necatrix. Ultrastructural study]. AB - Second generation schizonts of Eimeria necatrix were studied with the aid of the electron microscope. Differentiation of daughter merozoites is associated with the last mitosis, which is not significantly different from the earlier ones. The merozoites develop at the periphery of the schizont. The conoid and 22 subpellicular microtubules, probably induced by centrioles, and the inner membranes complex and the rhoptry anlagen which seem to be produced by the Golgi apparatus, appear close to each nuclear pole, just near the schizont membrane. These organelles are the first to appear in the merozoite anlagen. Then, nucleus, dictyosome and multimembranous vescles enter the budding merozoites. Micronemes, probably originating from Golgi apparatus, and amylopectin granules are produced later, when daughter merozoites separate from the residuum. The genesis of these various organelles and the relation between the last mitosis and differentiation are discussed. PMID- 1117439 TI - Reproduction, structure and host specificity of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoms) tamiasi sp. n. from the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus. AB - Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) tamiasi sp. n. is described from blood and organs of the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus, and the least chipmunk, Eutamias minimus. In experimentally infected Tamias striatus and E. minimus, Trypanosoma tamiasi reproduced by equal binary fission in the trypo-, sphaero-, epi-, or amastigote form, mainly in lymphoid organs. Trypomastigotes developed from amastigotes through epimastigotes, or from sphaeromastigotes, mainly in the same organs. The mean lengths of body and flagellum of trypomastigotes increased linearly until the organisms reached a maximum length of similar to 37-39 mum. The distance between the nucleus and kinetoplast increased to a mean total length of similar to 33 mum, and thereafter remained constant. Parasitemias of up to 2.5 times 10 7 trypanosomes/ml were produced in Tamias striatus by inoculation with bloodstream, culture, or flea gut forms of Trypanosoma tamiasi; natural parasitemias in Tamias striatus peaked at up to 2.1 times 10-7 trypanosomes/ml. One E. minimus and 2 Spermophilus tridecemlineatus developed parasitemias of more than 1 times 10-6 trypanosomes/ml after inoculation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma tamiasi; other experimentally inoculated rodents, including mice, rats, and Spermophilus richardsonii, proved refractory. In chipmunk fleas, Megabothris acerbus, Megabothris quirini, and Tamiophila grandis, bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma tamiasi developed to metacyclic forms in 4-9 days; in rat fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis and Nosopsyllus fasciatus, they survived with little development for up to 2 days, and in kissing bugs, Rhodnius prolixus, up to 10 days. Apparently, the speciation of this trypanosome involved adaptation to certain species of both fleas and rodents. PMID- 1117440 TI - Influence of age of ewe and photoperiod on the intervals between parturition and first oestrus in lactating and non-lactating ewes at different nutritional levels. AB - A total of 131 2- to 6-year-old Mutton Merino ewes in two experiments were maintained in pens during the post-partum period and were exposed either to an artificial photoperiod of decreasing daylength, or to the naturally increasing photoperiod. After lambing in July, the ewes either were deprived of their lambs or they reared one lamb for 40 days. In both groups, the ewes were fed at one of four nutritional levels until the first post-partum oestrus had been recorded. The proportion of ewes showing first oestrus within 90 days of lambing was 44% for those subjected to the artificial photoperiod compared with 67% for those exposed to the natural photoperiod. First oestrus in the ewes which showed first oestrus more than 90 days after lambing was less delayed in those exposed to the artificial photoperiod. Nutritional level had no effect on the time of resumption of oestrus. In the natural photoperiod, 67% of lactating ewes and 68% of non lactating ewes showed oestrus in 56.3 and 42.1 days, respectively, and a similar effect was observed in those exposed to the artificial photoperiod. In the natural photoperiod, 33% of 2-year-old, 53% of 3-year-old and 84% of mature ewes showed first oestrus within 90 days of lambing. It was concluded that, in most periods of the year, many ewes of this breed can be remated within 2 to 3 months of lambing and may thus be able to lamb three times in 2 years. PMID- 1117441 TI - Effect of dietary protein on the biosynthesis of inositol in rat testes. AB - The presence of inositol in high concentrations in semen and the male reporductive organs of mammals suggests that it may have an important role in male reproduction. The present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of dietary protein restriction in the male rat on inositol synthesis in the testes and on the concentration of inositol in some of the accessory sex organs. The results show that marginal protein deficiency does not alter either the biosynthesis of inositol or inositol concentration in the testis, epididymis or seminal vesicles. PMID- 1117442 TI - Variations in peripheral levels of LH and testosterone in adult male rabbits. AB - Seasonal, diurnal and episodic patterns of LH and tests-sterone secretion in sexually mature male New Zealand rabbits were studied. Blood samples were obtained from the central ear artery by puncture or through an indwelling catheter, and were assayed for hormones using radioimmunoassay. Testosterone values appeared to be lower in the summer months while LH showed no seasonal cyclicity. There were no significant fluctuations when samples were taken at 10 min intervals, but specimens taken every hour for 24 or 36 hr revealed an episodic pattern of release. Peaks of both hormones occurred every 4 to 5 hr in most animals. Testosterone levels ranged from 0.5 to 10 ng/ml and LH from 15 to 200 ng/ml of WP360A standard. In general, a rise in LH preceded or coincided with an increase in testosterone. No specific diurnal rhythm could be demonstrated and the patterns appeared to be unrelated to external stimuli. PMID- 1117443 TI - Induction of incubation behaviour in male ring doves (Streptopelia risoria): a behavioural analysis. AB - Male ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) were treated with either progesterone or dexamethasone (a powerful ACTH inhibitor) and tested for incubation behaviour. Progesterone treatments shortened the latency of incubation response by facilitating nest-related pre-incubation behaviour patterns in the nest bowl and components of incubation behaviour. The accumulated rather than the daily dose level of progesterone injections appeared to be the determinant factor in mediating behavioural effects. Dexamethasone treatment at the dosage of 100 mug/day for 7 days inhibited the overall expression of male courtship behaviour. None of the dexamethasone-treated ring doves "sat" in 2 weeks. It is suggested that the hormonal and situational (non-hormonal) cues are not only important contributory factors but also complement one another in the induction of incubation behaviour. PMID- 1117444 TI - Preimplantation development in vivo and in vitro in bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus, treated with PMSG and HCG. AB - Ovulation can be induced in the bank vole by PMSG and HCG and takes place 9 1/2 to 11 1/2 hr after administration of HCG. The number of eggs obtained varied from 1 to 30 (average 9.3). The highest ovulation rates were observed when PMSG and HCG were administered 41 to 43 1/2 hr apart. The embryos attained the blastocyst stage 96 hr after HCG injection. Bank vole eggs can be cultured in chemically defined media beginning with the eight-cell stage; only 25% of four-cell eggs developed to blastocysts in vitro. PMID- 1117445 TI - Effect of indomethacin on blood plasma levels of LH and testosterone in male rats. AB - Treatment of adult male rats with indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, caused a significant decrease in LH and testosterone levels in the blood plasma and in the weight of the seminal vesicles, but the weight of the testes and ventral prostate, the levels of FSH in the plasma and fertility were not affected. The concentration of PGF in the blood plasma of the treated animals was reduced, even though measurable amounts of PGs were present in every group. The results of this study, together with the known effects of PG administration on LH release, suggest that the reduction of plasma LH levels in rats injected with indomethacin was due to decreased PG synthesis. It appears that PGs are normally involved in the regulation of LH release. PMID- 1117446 TI - The antifertility activity of 2-(isopropylamino) ethanol in the mouse. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of 2-(isopropylamino) ethanol on the 3rd day of pregnancy reduces the extent of the decidual cell reaction induced by the blastocyst and can cause the death of the conceptus by the 6th day of pregnancy. Evidence is presented to support the theory that the compound administered in this way has a direct effect on the conceptus. PMID- 1117447 TI - Plasma luteinizing hormone levels and testis diameters of ram lambs of different breeds. AB - Plasma LH levels were examined at 1 1/2-hr intervals in ram lambs of the Finnish Landrace, Border Leicester and Cheviot breeds on three occasions at 3-week intervals by radioimmunoassay. On each occasion, the mean plasma LH concentration was found to be significantly higher in the Finnish Landrace than the other two breeds, although big variations occurred between individual samples in the same animal. This form of hormonal pulsatile release was most marked in the Finnish Landrace lambs. Testis growth was also measured and was found to be correlated, independently of body weight, with LH concentration on the final sampling occasion. PMID- 1117448 TI - Induction of acrosome degeneration of mouse spermatozoa with blood serum collected from females in various hormonal states. AB - Blood serum collected from female mice treated with oestrogen and progesterone was assayed for its ability to induce acrosome degeneration. The maximum activity was found in serum obtained from females treated with 1.0 mug oestrogen/day for 5 days. Lower doses did not produce any significant difference from the control group. Blood serum from pregnant or ovariectomized females treated with progesterone did not significantly depress the incidence of acrosome degeneration. The possibility that removal of the acrosome may not be a morphological concomitant of capacitation in mice has been discussed. PMID- 1117449 TI - Effects of hormones on the maturation of rabbit oocytes recovered from follicles of various sizes. AB - Progesterone stimulated oocytes to develop more rapidly in culture. The time dependent effect was more pronounced on large preovulatory Graafian follicles than on small- and medium-sized follicles. Treatment with LH had no effect. PMID- 1117450 TI - Uptake in vivo of (3-H) testosterone by the interstitial compartment in testes of normal adult mice. PMID- 1117451 TI - The effect of mestranol and lynoestrenol on uterine histamine in the rat. PMID- 1117452 TI - Lipid composition of buffalo spermatozoa: a cytochemical and biochemical study. AB - Buffalo spermatozoa have been studied cytochemically and biochemically to investigate their phospholipids, which appear to be phosphatidyl choline, lysolecithin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl glycerol and monogalactosyl diglyceride. Most of them form lipoprotein complexes in the regions of the plasma membrane, the post-nuclear cap and the mid-piece. The lipid composition of buffalo spermatozoa has been compared to and contrasted with that of bull and ram spermatozoa and species differences are indicated. PMID- 1117453 TI - Luteinizing hormone concentrations in the plasma of laying hens exposed to a 27 hr cycle of light and darkness. AB - The time of peak concentration of LH in the peripheral plasma of ten laying hens kept on a 14 hr light/13 hr dark cycle was determined by radioimmunoassay. A single peak of LH occurred in each hen 3 1/2 hr before oviposition or 4 hr before ovulation. These are similar intervals to those reported for laying hens kept on a 14 hr light/10 hr dark cycle. The mean time of the observed peak in plasma LH was 2 hr 9 min after the beginning of the dark period. This is about 3 hr earlier than corresponding LH peaks reported for hens under normal lighting. PMID- 1117454 TI - Ultrastructural study of human sperm acrosome during acetic acid extraction of acrosin. AB - During acrosin extraction from human spermatozoa by acetic acid treatment, severe ultrastructural alterations are observed: loss of the plasma membrane and of parts of the outer acrosomal membrane, total depletion of the acrosomal content, disappearance of the equatorial segment. The inner acrosomal membrane and the nucleus appear unchanged. The alterations are reduced by glycerol pretreatment in spite of improved extraction of the enzyme. PMID- 1117455 TI - Effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the membrane permeability of bull spermatozoa to potassium. PMID- 1117456 TI - Different patterns of energy metabolism in the rat and mouse zygate. AB - The development of rat zygotes in vitro to the two-cell stage occurred if lactate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), pyruvate or oxaloacetate were present in the media. When rat and mouse zygotes were cultured in the same droplet of medium containing lactate or PEP, mouse zygotes did not develop to the two-cell stage but the rat zygotes cleaved. PMID- 1117457 TI - Duplication of DNA during the first cell cycle in the mouse embryo. PMID- 1117458 TI - The role of the pituitary in the reproduction of the male tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii. PMID- 1117459 TI - Neurosecretory system of the American Dog Tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). ii. Distribution of secretory cell types, axonal pathways and putative neurohemal-neuroendocrine associations; comparative histological and anatomical implications. AB - Histological observations using specialized techniques reveal neurosecretory cells in 18 centers throughout the rind (cortex) of the central nerve mass or synganglion of Dermacentor variabilis. Many cells contribute to complicated networks of neurosecretory pathways and tracts in pre- and post-esophageal portions of the synganglion. The four types of neurohemal-neuroendocrine associations found in Dermacentor resemble structures found in soft ticks (Argasidae) and in other Arachnida, but are more diverse than those described from any other single species. Neurosecretory terminals are distributed diffusely and in two concentrated associations within the perineurium of the synganglion and major peripheral nerves. Terminals are also distributed in the perineurial layers of lateral segmental organs which lie in the general hemocoel at the level of the pedal nerves. A retrocerebral organ complex surrounds the esophagus at its junction with the midgut. The complex includes dorsal and ventro-lateral lobes (containing neurosecretory terminals and intrinsic secretory cells1 and the proventricular (neurohemal) plexus. This plexus seems to be a modified (concentrated) cardioglial association. Cardioglial associations are also formed by the neurosecretory innervation of vascular walls of the dorsal aorta and circulatory sinuses which envelope the synganglion and major peripheral nerves. Inferential considerations of neurosecretory and endocrine interactions in the Acari are based on these anatomical and histological data which also provide the basis for evolutionary considerations of anatomical relationships and specializations in the neurosecretory systems of other Arachnida. PMID- 1117460 TI - Therapy of advanced colorectal cancer with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, methyl-1,3-cis(2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and vincristine. AB - In a randomized, controlled study of 80 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma, the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methyl-1, 3-cis(2 chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and vincristine produced an overall degree to toxicity comparable to that of 5-FU used alone. At 10 weeks, a positive objective response rate of 43.5% was observed with the three-drug combination compared to 19.5% with 5-FU alone (P less than 0.5). PMID- 1117461 TI - Serum levels of N2, N2-dimethylguanosine and pseudouridine as determined by radioimmunoassay for patients with malignancy. AB - A sensitive, rapid, and specific radioimmunoassay procedure was used to determine levels of N2,N2-dimethylguanosine and pseudouridine in sera of patients with acute leukemia and breast cancer. Elevated levels of both nucleosides were above standard deviations of the normal mean for patients in both disease categories. PMID- 1117462 TI - Parachuting injuries: a retrospective study of 83,718 jumps. AB - In a retrospective study of 83,718 consecutive parachuting jumps effected in the Israeli Defence Forces, an injury rate of 6.26/1,000 jumps was observed. About two-thirds of the injuries were light. Injury rates were calculated according to type of jump (free jumps, basic course, refresher jumps, and maneuvers jumps) and time of jump (day or night). A significant difference was found between the injury rate by day (4.62/1,000) and night (11.25/1,000). The lowest injury rate was observed among free jumpers (2.96/1,000) and highest during maneuvers jumps at night (25.75/1,000). The injury rate during the basic parachuting course was 4.04/1,000, and 8.24/1,000 in refresher jumps. Clinical data collected on 723 parachuting injuries included the site and type of injury. More than 90% of the injuries were caused during the landing impact. The most vulnerable sites were the ankle (35.6% of all injuries) and the spinal vertebrae (14.5% of all injuries). PMID- 1117463 TI - Seat belt injuries: the need for accuracy in reporting of cases. PMID- 1117464 TI - Accidental high-pressure injection-gun injuries of the hand; the role of the emergency radiologic examination. AB - High-pressure injection-gun injuries of the hand are serious accidents and constitute a surgical emergency. Radiography is an important part of the pre operative evaluation. Without adequate films, it is frequently impossible to estimate the extent of underlying trauma. It is imperative that physicians who initially care for injection-gun accident patients be aware of the unique features of these injuries. Delay in the institution of adequate therapy may result in needless and permanent disability. PMID- 1117465 TI - Extrication of the hand from a meat grinder. AB - A case is presented in which a patient arrived in the emergency room with his forearm firmly entrapped in a large commercial meat grinder. The arm was extricated without sacrificing additional forearm stump length by reversing the worm mechanism of the meat grinder. PMID- 1117466 TI - Wounding capacity of rotary lawn mowers. AB - The rotary lawn mower possesses a powerful wounding mechanism. A typical 26-inch rotary mower blade rotating at 3,000 revolutions per minute develops a kinetic energy of 2,100 ft lb. Wounds may be inflicted by direct strike or by missile action due to a broken blade or other mass. Other serious injuries due to crushing or upset are commonly seen with self-propelled mowers. Ways of reducing these risks are enumerated. PMID- 1117467 TI - Cerebral etiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome: diphenylhydantoin prophylaxis. AB - Beagles and rats were subjected to hemorrhage regimens that induced the pulmonary complex of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in 6:6 dogs and 7:8 rats. Pretreatment with diphenylhydantoin (DPH), 5 mg/kg 1-2 hours preceding hemorrhage, resulted in complete prevention of the lung lesions in 8:8 dogs. (P smaller than 0.005). It also provided significant (P smaller than 0.01) protection to 8:11 rats. We offer this as circumstantial evidence that the ARDS has a centrineurogenic etiology. PMID- 1117468 TI - The classification of trauma. Lessons leaned in classifying injuries of 1,797 patients from civil disturbances in Northern Ireland, 1969-1971. AB - The difficulties of applying the rules of the International Classification of Diseases to trauma cases are discussed on the basis of coding the injuries of 1,797 injured patients from civil disorders in Northern Ireland, 1969-1971. Certain inadequacies of the code are indicated and suggestions made about ways to modify it and make its applications more informative. PMID- 1117469 TI - Factitial mesenteric avulsion. AB - Colon exteriorization procedures were done in two patients who also were, or became, psychotic. Each patient pulled on the exteriorized loop, causing severe bowel injury. In known or potential psychotics some other form of colonic injury management--other than exteriorization--should be utilized, or extreme caution should be taken to prevent inadvertent self-injury by the patient. PMID- 1117470 TI - Hypercalcemia complicating fracture immobilization: a report of three cases. PMID- 1117472 TI - Editorial: Indiana emergency medical services take on a sense of immediacy. PMID- 1117471 TI - Fractures of the femoral neck after healed intertrochanteric fractures: a complication of too short a nail plate fixation. Report of three cases. AB - Three cases are described in which a femoral neck fracture developed at least 1 year after a healed intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. Trauma via osteoporotic bone is felt to be the cause. To prevent this complication, a nail extending just to the articular cartilage of the hip joint is needed. This can be accomplished by the displacement osteotomy technique or by the use of the sliding nail-plate into the more stable posterior inferior quadrant of the head. PMID- 1117473 TI - Two new kinds of retinal cells in the eye of a snail, Helix aspersa. PMID- 1117474 TI - Morphological changes of the surface of the egg of Xenopus laevis in the course of development. I. Fertilization and early cleavage. PMID- 1117475 TI - Freeze-etch studies of the granules of human mast cells and eosinophils. PMID- 1117476 TI - Ultrastructural study by immunoperoxidase of a rat membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 1117477 TI - The nature of rat "specific heart granules" with regard to catecholamines: an investigation by ultrastructural cytochemistry. PMID- 1117478 TI - The ultrastructure of nuclear differentiation during spermiogenesis in salmon. PMID- 1117479 TI - In vitro fertilization and early embryogenesis: a cytological analysis. PMID- 1117480 TI - Genesis, composition and fate of cortical granules in the eggs of Polycelis nigra (Turbellaria, Tricladida). PMID- 1117481 TI - Cellulose in Acetabularia cyst walls. PMID- 1117482 TI - Unusual structures associated with peripheral reticulum in chloroplasts of Myriophyllum spicatum L. PMID- 1117483 TI - Maturation of rabies virus by budding from neuronal cell membrane in suckling mouse brain. AB - Two strains of tissue culture-grown rabies virus developed in suckling mouse brain predominantly by the process of virus budding from the neuronal cell membrane. PMID- 1117484 TI - Novel rII duplications in bacteriophage T4. AB - The properties of two rII complementation heterozygotes (D5B and D7A) of bacteriophage T4 are described. These strains are characterized by their stability, each forming less than 10-3 r segregants among their viable progeny, and by their segregation of only one of the two parental types. No increase in r progeny was found on crossing D7A or D5B with T4r+, indicating that the duplications in these strains are not separated by an essential region of the phage genome. Both D5B and D7A from h-2+/h-4+ heterozygotes at frequencies similar to T4r+, suggesting that the duplicated regions in these strains are short. The progeny of these h-2+/h-4+ heterozygotes retain heterozygosity for rII but not for h: therefore, D5B and D7A are not stabilized terminal redundancy complementation heterozygotes. We conclude that D5B and D7A contain very short tandem duplications and we present structures consistent with the observed characteristics of these phages. PMID- 1117485 TI - Murine oncornavirus high-molecular-weight RNA structure thermal stepwise dissociation of 70S murine leukemia-sarcoma virus to subunits and low-molecular weight associated RNAs. AB - The thermal dissociation into subunits and low-molecular-weight (LMW) associated RNAs of the aggregate structure of 70S RNA of a murine leukemia sarcoma viral complex was studied. By polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis, it was found that at low temperature a fraction of the genome was converted into an intermediate population of RNA (Im.P) with an apparent molecular weight of 6.6 times 10-6. At higher temperature, the 70S RNA and the Im.P RNA were successively dissociated into two RNA subunits called "I" and "II" and 70S-associated LMW RNAs. The apparent molecular weight of subunit I was about 5 times 10-6 and that of subunit II was about 3.2 times 10-6. The release of 4S, 5S, 5.5S, and 8S RNAs from 70S RNA at various temperatures was studied by composite polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that the nature of hydrogen bonding to the 70S RNA was different for each LMW RNA species. A possible relationship of the association between the subunits and each 70S-associated LMW RNA, based on their T-m values, is discussed. PMID- 1117486 TI - Characterization of the inhomogeneous DNA in virions of bacteriophage Mu by DNA reannealing kinetics. AB - The DNA of bacteriophage Mu has been studied to characterize a region of inhomogeneous sequence that occurs at one end of the molecule. The kinetics of reassocation of tracer amounts of labeled host DNA in the presence of Mu DNA show that Mu DNA contains a complete selection of host sequences. These host sequences are shown to be covalently attached to phage-specific sequences and are present at a concentration that accounts for the inhomogeneity observed in the electron microscope. The significance and possible function of the host DNA attachment is discussed. PMID- 1117488 TI - Bacteriophage-associated spherical bodies in Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Unique spherical bodies with multilayered walls were observed by electron microscopy in cells of a single strain of Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis. Phage-like particles were present in the same cells, both free in the cytoplasm and within the spheres. The proportion of cells containing the phage-associated spherical structures ranged from less than 0.01% to about 7% depending on the culture conditions. Phage particles of morphological type B and spherical bodies were also found free in the medium surrounding the cells. Spherical bodies with discontinuities in their walls, through which phage-like particles sometimes appeared to be escaping, were also found both intra- and extracellularly. The biological significance of these distinctive spherical structures is a matter of conjecture. PMID- 1117487 TI - Adenovirus type 2 DNA replication. I. Evidence for discontinuous DNA synthesis. AB - Isolated nuclei from adenovirus type 2-infected HeLa cells catalyze the incorporation of all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates into viral DNA. The observed DNA synthesis occurs via a transient formation of DNA fragments with a sedimentation coefficient of 10S. The fragments are precursors to unit-length viral DNA, they are self-complementary to an extent of at least 70%, and they are distributed along most of the viral chromosome. In addition, accumulation of 10S DNA fragments is observed either in intact, virus-infected HeLa cells under conditions where viral DNA synthesis is inhibited by hydroxyurea or in isolated nuclei from virus-infected HeLa cells at low concentrations of deoxyribonucleotides. Under these suboptimal conditions for DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei, ribonucleoside triphosphates determine the size distribution of DNA intermediates. The evidence presented suggests that a ribonucleoside dependent initiation step as well at two DNA polymerase catalyzed reactions are involved in the discontinuous replication of adenovirus type 2 DNA. PMID- 1117489 TI - Hexon peptides of type 2, 3, and 5 adenoviruses and their relationship to hexon structure. AB - Peptides of hexons from type 2 and 5 (subgroup III) and type 3 (subgroup I) adenoviruses were produced by treatment with cyanogen bromide and were separated by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels containing 8 M urea. Peptides with identical isoelectric points, but from different hexon types, were considered to have structural similarities. According to this criterion for chemical relatedness, about two-thirds of the type 2 and 5 hexon peptides may be considered similar. In contrast, the majority of the type 3 hexon peptides differed chemically from peptides of type 2 and 5 hexons. Virions and free hexons were iodinated with 125-I in the presence of lactoperoxidase and H-2-O-2. When 125-I-labeled virions were disrupted and the hexon was purified, the highly labeled cyanogen bromide peptides were labeled. When purified hexons from the excess cellular pool were iodinated, peptides common to types 2, 3, and 5 (peptides 12 and 14) were most extensively labeled. Thus, hexons assembled in virions and those free in solution were iodinated differently. The data suggest that immunologically the hexons in viral capsids react differently from unassembled hexons because the polypeptide chains assume slightly different folding configurations in the two hexon forms and therefore expose different regions of the protein to antibodies. PMID- 1117490 TI - Complementation of defective reovirus by ts mutants. AB - Defective reovirions lacking the largest (L-1) of the normal 10 genomic segments grow only in association with helper reovirus. Because of the similarity in properties of defective and infectious virions, separation of the two populations by physical methods has been unseccessful. Controlled digestion of purified virus removes the outer capsomeres of the virions. The resulting core particles containing the viral genome have a buoyant density of 1.43/ml if derived from infectious virions and of 1.415g/ml if they originate in defectives, and this difference permits ready separation of the two types of cores. With the purpose of obtaining a pure population of defective virions, L cells were co-infected with defective cores and a class E temperature-sensitive mutant which has a mutation in an early function. After three serial passages at the permissive temperature (31 C) to build up the defective population, a fourth passage was made at 39 C, the nonpermissive temperature. The virus purified from this passage was predominantly defective; it contained practically no E mutant and had a low background of wild-type virus. Complementation was thus asymmetric; the L-1 function required for growth of defective virus was supplied by the E mutant and is thus a trans-function, while defective virus did not complement the E mutation which is thus in a cis-acting function. Defective virions were indistinguishable from infectious virions except for the absence of the L-1 genomic segment in the defectives. Such defective virions could be complemented at 39 C by class A and B temperature-sensitive mutants, both of which have lesions in late functions. PMID- 1117491 TI - An iatrogenic complication of nephrostomy. PMID- 1117492 TI - Renal medullary fibroma: report of a case presenting as a submucosal pelvic tumor. PMID- 1117493 TI - Bilateral nephrectomy: an analysis of 100 consecutive cases. PMID- 1117494 TI - Ligation of the renal vein in the solitary kidney: effects on renal function. AB - Three patients with right renal tumors extending into the inferior vena cava underwent ligation of the left renal vein coincident with right nephrectomy and en bloc resection of the vena cava. Two patients exhibited no postoperative renal dysfunction while the third demonstrated renal dysfunction which cleared by 9 days postoperatively. Features of the temporary renal dysfunction included proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine levels, oliguria, hypertension, elevated peripheral venous renin level, as well as radiographic evidence of swelling the kidney. The collateral venous drainage of the left kidney makes it possible to ligate the main vein of a solitary kidney with survival of the patient. However, postoperative temporary renal dysfunction may occur and a plan to deal with this problem should be fromulated. PMID- 1117495 TI - Colonic urinary diversion: 10 years of experience. AB - Experience with 46 colon urinary conduits is summarized. The transverse colon was used in 39 patients and the sigmoid in 7. Initially, we considered widened uretercolic anastomosis with free reflux desirable but later, upon realizing the dangers of reflux, antireflux procedures were incorporated into the operation. Among the advantages of the colon conduit are minimal stomal stenosis, little residuum, less electrolyte disturbance and availability for high and low diversions. PMID- 1117496 TI - Ureterosigmoidostomy: critical review of 173 cases. PMID- 1117497 TI - Primary obstructive megaureter in adults. AB - The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of 26 adults with primary obstructive megaureter have been reviewed. The histological features and the urodynamics of this disease are discussed. The clinical picture of primary obstructive megaureter in the adult may be deceivingly unimpressive. In this series 2 kidneys were destroyed because of progressive disease in the absence of clinical symptoms. We support Creevy's findings that the pathology involved is an obstructive segment of the ureter on the basis of a thickened muscularis and mild inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa. Urodynamic studies performed by one of us (M.K.H.) suggest that these ureters may remain in a balanced state indefinitely, owing to a low resting pressure. However, there may be relatively little reserve capacity and, with increased urine production rates, the pressure transmitted to the renal collecting system may produce renal atrophy. The radiologic features of the disease may reflect its clinical course, that is those showing a bulb and tail have a more benign course than ureters with a sharp cutoff. High dosage cine-pyelography is valuable in confirming the diagnosis and in studying the contractility of the ureter. Initially, we treated these cases conservatively. The presence of calculi and planned pregnancy are strong indication for surgical interference. Of the 26 patients 15 ultimatley required an operation. We recommend ureteral remodeling and reimplantation whenever possible since 11 of our cases had a most gratifying result from this procedure. PMID- 1117498 TI - Clinical experience with the Mentor bladder stimulator. III. Patients with urinary vesical hypotonia. AB - The Mentor bladder stimulator has been implanted in 5 patients with vesical hypotonia. Of these patients 3 empty the bladder with low residua and sterile urine postoperatively. Pain is the primary side effect in patients with incomplete lower motor neuron lesions or vesical hypotonia of unknown etiology. PMID- 1117499 TI - Clinical application of electronic bladder stimulation in paraplegics. AB - Ten patients have received bladder stimulators in a clinical trial to reduce urologic complications of neuropathic bladders. Preoperative evaluation and surgical techniques are discussed. Several patients void with the stimulator, and maintain low residual urine and a reduced incidence of infection. Two patients are total failures and 1 is in the early postoperative period. The physiological mechanisms involved are discussed. Additional investigation is needed for a means to deliver the stimulus to a more precise localization. Further clinical trials are warranted. PMID- 1117500 TI - Electronic stimulation of the human bladder: 9 years later. PMID- 1117501 TI - Scrotal skin recession phalloplasty. PMID- 1117502 TI - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy: experimental study and case reports with the stone disintegrator. AB - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy with the SD-1 for crushing bladder stones was performed experimentally, in vitro and in vivo. The results of this experiment in laboratory animals and in 19 patients revealed that the procedure is safe and superior to the conventional methods with blind or optical lithotriptors. The methods is easy to learn and application of the technique may be combined in the same session with other urological operations. This procedure was done more than 50 times in toto without any complication. PMID- 1117503 TI - Complete external sphincterotomy: correlation between endoscopic observation and the anatomic sphincter. AB - Longitudinal cuts of various lengths and depths were made in the area of the external urethral sphincter in 18 male cadavers. The Iglesias resectoscope and the Collings knife electrode were used. Histologic sections of the prostate and of the membranous and bulbous urethra demonstrated that a cut of 2 cm. in length beginning from the verumontanum and 6 mm. in depth was necessary to completely incise the external urethral fibers. This procedure, when performed according to these criteria, effectively decreases urethral resistance, permits adequate bladder emptying and probably eliminates the need for a catheter. PMID- 1117504 TI - Gonadoblastoma associated with embryonal carcinoma in an anatomically normal man. AB - A case of gonadoblastoma associated with embryonal carcinoma in a normally decended testis of an anatomically normal 20-year-old man is reported. The patient had enlargment of the supraclavicular lymph nodes, which contained metastatic yolk sac tumor. Pulmonary and abdominal metatases were present. Despite chemotherapy and radiotherapy the patient died 9 months after presentation. Review of the literature concerning gonadoblastoma in phenotypic male patients is presented. PMID- 1117505 TI - An evaluation of lymphangiography in staging carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Pedal lymphangiography was done on 38 patients with stages O, A and B carcinoma of the prostate. The lymphangiograms were positive in 19 cases and negative in 19. Of 18 patients who underwent lymphadenectomy (9 with positive and 9 with negative studies) operative findings confirmed the lymphangiogram in 15 (83 per cent). In the 6 patients with osseous metastases and/or enzyme elevation, the lymphangiogram was positive. Furthermore, 13 patients with positive lymphangiograms had negative osseous and enzyme survey, emphasizing that nodal involvement may be the earliest finding in disseminated carcinoma of the prostate. The value of lymphangiography in staging carcinoma of the prostate prior to radical prostatectomy or irradiation seems well established. PMID- 1117506 TI - Telecobalt Therapy for prostatic cancer: rationale, results and future considerations. PMID- 1117507 TI - A transvesical approach to total seminal vesiculectomy: a case report. PMID- 1117508 TI - Thrombectomy for neonatal renal vein thrombosis. PMID- 1117509 TI - Intrarenal reflux and its relationship to renal scarring. AB - Intrarenal reflux found during voiding cystourethrography in children has been suggested to be a significant factor in the production of renal damage. To investigate its incidence and effect on renal growth the records and roentgenograms of 150 children with known vesicoureteral reflux were reviewed. Of these children 15 had evidence of intrarenal reflux. Their IVPs were studied for signs of renal parenchymal damage at the time of the initial voiding cystogram as well as up to 4 years later. Evidence of renal damage was seen in 4 of the 15 patients with intrarenal reflux. These same 4 children had gross vesicoureteral reflux. PMID- 1117510 TI - 131I hippuran quantitative scintillation camera studies in the evaluation and management of vesicoureteral reflux. AB - A study was made of 136 patients with vesicoureteral reflux with the conventional radiologic modalities of voiding cystourethrography and IVP. In addition, a 30 minute quantitative scintillation camera study was used. Comparison of these studies indicates that most periodic re-evaluations with IVP can be eliminated in favor of the scintillation study with its markedly reduced radiation dosage and lack of allergic type reactions. Unfortunately, as the quantitative scintillation camera study has been performed in these patients, it has been impossible to diagnose the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. Therefore, voiding cystourethrography or direct radionuclide cystography must be repeated at some time to determine if conservative management has been successful. The benefit of the routine use of the quantitative scintillation camera study in the early postoperative period seems to be strongly supported even by the small group of patients studied. PMID- 1117511 TI - Anesthesia considerations during nephrolithotomy with slush. AB - A retrospective study was made of 113 patients who underwent nephrolithotomy between 1962 and 1973. Multiple parameters from a surgical and anesthesia viewpoint were tabulated. The main findings were a high incidence of pulmonary complications (37 per cent), a general lowering of body temperature during anesthesia and operation and initial decreases in blood pressure, apparently related to the use of d-tubocurarine. Currently, prospective studies are underway to more clearly delineate these problems and perhaps find ways to eliminate them. PMID- 1117512 TI - Indications for the use of intestinal segments in management nephrocalcinosis. PMID- 1117513 TI - Renal artery aneurysms. AB - The various types of renal artery aneurysms are described, the most common one being the congenital saccular aneurysm. Usually asymptomatic it may be associated with hypertension and generally undergoes atherosclerotic degeneration. An arteriovenous fistula may form and rupture into the renal pelvis or retroperitoneal space in some rare instances. Small, well calcified saccular aneurysms should be left alone and followed; larger, incompletely calcified or non-calcified aneurysms should be removed. Fusiform aneurysmal dilatation of the renal artery occurs distal to a focal fibromuscular dysplastic stenosis. This type is almost invariably found in hypertensive young people. Thrombosis of a branch may occur distal to the aneurysm. These aneurysms should be treated surgically, usually by excision of the stenotic area and its aneurysm, and anastomosis of branches back to the main renal artery. Dissecting aneurysms of the renal artery are the most damaging to the kidney. Complications are thrombosis of the branches, infarction of the kidney and a virulent form of hypertension. An operation should be done to correct the dissection and to remove part or all of the kidney when infarction is severe. Intrarenal arterial aneurysms are prone to hemorrhage and should be removed by local excision or partial nephrectomy. PMID- 1117514 TI - The Page kidney: a correctable form of arterial hypertension. AB - The Page kidney is a remediable form of renal hypertension. It is usually seen in young male patients with an antecedent history of blunt renal trauma, followed by a subcapsular or perirenal hematoma causing compression of the renal parenchyma and hypertension. Radiographic studies demonstrate the presence of an extrinsic mass compressing the kidney. Divided function studies and renal vein renin determinations confirm the functional significance of this process in the etiology of hypertension. Treatment may initially consist of observation. However, if hypertension persists then decortication and evacuation of the encysted fluid are indicated. In long-standing cases, although nephrectomy may be necessary, the chance of relieving hypertension is excellent. PMID- 1117515 TI - Ferromagnetic silicone necrosis of hypernephromas by selective vascular occlusion to the tumor: a new technique. AB - Arterial vascular occlusion of hypernephromas may be performed by obstructiing the tumor vascular tree with the injection of ferromagnetic silicone microspheres. The powerful superconducting electromagnet confines the embolized iron-silicone compound to the neoplastic target organ. Radioactive material may or may not be added to the iron-silicone compound to give local direct radioactive radiation therapy to the tumor area. In experimental dogs up to 70,000 rad of beta radiation from the P32 source had been delivered homogeneously within the kidney when mixed with the ferrosilicone. This technique may well be used in cases in which a major operation is contraindicated or when preoperative necrosis of the tumor is advisable. Since the entire procedure can be done with the patient under local anesthesia in a radiology department it may be a valuable new technique in the future management of urological tumors, unilateral renal hypertension, solitary kidney pathology and so forth. Ferrosilicone material has not been found to be toxic. The application of a powerful superconducting electromagnet to the technique provides a means of confining the embolized iron silicone compound to the target organ. PMID- 1117516 TI - Complications of transureteroureterostomy. PMID- 1117517 TI - Vesicoureteroplasty in the paraplegic: long-term followup in 77 patients. PMID- 1117518 TI - Treatment of multiple superficial papillary tumors of the bladder by intracavitary yttrium-90. AB - Intravesical Y-90 was used in 38 patients with multiple papillary T1 tumors considered beyond control by cystodiathermy. Of the 32 patients available for 3 year observation 19 (60 per cent) were alive after 3 years, 6 had died of progression of the tumor and 7 had died of other causes. Prolonged imporvement was noted in 23 patients (72 per cent). The complication rate was moderate and only 2 patients required cystectomy for symptoms caused by radiation damage alone. PMID- 1117519 TI - Failure of ascorbic acid to inhibit FANFT-induced bladder cancer. AB - L-ascorbic acid has been shown to reduce the elevated level of urinary chemiluminescence found in patients with bladder cancer. Thus, it has been suggested that vitamin C might be efficacious in bladder tumor prophylaxis. However, there is no clinical evidence to support this thesis. We evaluated whether L-ascorbic acid given concomitantly with the urinary carcinogen FANFT was capable of reducing the incidence of subsequent bladder tumors. No inhibitory effect was observed. Unless evidence is obtained demonstrating bladder tumor prevention by L-ascorbic acid its routine administration to patients with bladder cancer is not indicated. PMID- 1117520 TI - Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in human bladder cancer. AB - The lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymic patterns of normal, atypical and neoplastic urothelium were studied. In comparison to normal, the atypical urothelium had a significant increase in the LDH-V/I ratio. In neoplastic urothelium the LDH-I per cent was increased in low grade tumors, while the LDH-V per cent and LDH-V/I ratio was increased in high grade tumors. The findings in high grade tumors are thought to represent altered genetic expression with activation of the gene locus controlling M subunit synthesis. PMID- 1117521 TI - The corpus cavernosum intercommunicating venous drainage system. AB - A series of cavernosograms were used to study the corpus cavernosum superficial and deep dorsal venous system. Within this drainage system exists an intricate circumflex venous interconnective network of vessels. In addition, each corpus cavernosum intercommunicates with its opposite corpus cavernosum through median septal apertures. The cavernosum venous system, unlike the venous drainage from the glans penis, delays venous drainage and in doing so assists in maintaining erections. PMID- 1117522 TI - A cavernosogram study on the valvular competence of the human deep dorsal vein. PMID- 1117523 TI - Comparative responses of the isolated human testicular capsule to autonomic drugs. AB - The testicular capsule of the human has been prepared for the first time as an isolated tissue suitable for pharmacological investigation. Cholinergic and adrenergic agents caused a contraction of the isolated testicular capsule. In addition, periodic spontaneous contractions of the isolated testicular capsule had been observed in the absence of any added pharmacological agents. The present experiments have demonstrated that the testicular capsule contains smooth muscle, thereby offering a reasonable anatomical explanation for spontaneous and drug induced contractions of the testicular capsule. Therefore, it appears likely that the rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the testicular capsule provide a pumping action capable of explaining the transport of non-motile sperm out of the testes into the epididymis where they can attain their motility. PMID- 1117524 TI - Infertility and semen non-liquefaction. AB - Semen non-liquefaction is common and was present in 11.8 per cent of our patients. The diagnostic test is simple and treatment is not difficult. Thus, it appears that treatment of non-liquefaction of semen with alpha-amylase may be a useful aid in the treatment of infertility. PMID- 1117525 TI - Prostatic fluid lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns of prostatic cancer and hyperplasia. AB - LDH isoenzyme patterns were determined in prostatic fluid from 286 patients with a prostate gland judged to be normal, the site of benign hyperplasia on clinical evidence or the site of benign hyperplasia or carcinoma on the basis of histologic evidence. Fluid from 12 of 15 patients (80 per cent) with carcinoma representing all stages and grades of disease showed an LDH-V/I ratio of more than 3. This ratio was exceeded in only 6 of 57 (11.8 per cent) and 14 of 97 (14.4 per cent) patients in whom the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia without evidence of infection was established histologically or clinically, respectively. An LDH-V/I ratio exceeding 3 was seen commonly in patients with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia with a recent history suggesting infection and more than 10 WBCs per high power field on microscopic examination of the prostatic fluid. These observations suggest that an LDH-V/I ratio exceeding 3 in the prostatic fluid in the absence of a history of infection and more than 10 WBCs per high power field on microscopic examination should be regarded as an indication of a high risk of the presence or development of a malignancy of the prostate. The results obtained also support the concept that, in the presence of malignancy, expressed prostatic fluid provides an adequate sample of cells with altered metabolism. PMID- 1117526 TI - Urologic complications of ileal bypass operation for morbid obesity. AB - Preoperative, operative and postoperative data from a sampling group of 435 ileal bypass patients have been tabulated and computer-analyzed. Genitourinary disorders other than stone disease have been insignificant. Patients with stones and those without stones have been compared and the significant data tabulated. The incidence of stone disease is 6 per cent. All but 1 stone consisted of calcium oxalate. Oxalate levels were normal preoperatively and elevated in 60 per cent postoperatively. The stone formers are among the heaviest members of the studied population, they have the greatest amount of ileum bypassed and the greatest amount of 1 year weight loss. Correlations between these observations and possible pathways of metabolic stone disease are made. PMID- 1117527 TI - The usefulness of ultrasound in the evaluation of renal masses in adults. AB - The efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of renal masses in our own series and in the recent literature has been reviewed. Ultrasonography in combination with cyst puncture approaches 100 per cent accuracy in the diagnosis of lesions more than 3 cm. in diameter that can be adequately delineated. Complications appear to be minimal. PMID- 1117528 TI - The effect of hydron on latex urinary catheters. AB - Hydron, a polymeric gel which permits the passage of small molecules through its interstices, was used to coat latex urethral catheters. These catheters, as well as other catheters of varied composition, were exposed to a liquid environment from which struvite crystals could be precipitated. The deposition of struvite on a hydron coated latex catheter was significantly less than upon the other catheters. PMID- 1117529 TI - The objective assessment of urology specialty candidates-test construction and analysis-the problems and potentialities. PMID- 1117530 TI - Some clinical aspects of detrusor dysfunction. PMID- 1117531 TI - Pediatric nephrolithiasis. AB - The management of 78 children with upper urinary calculi is described. Boys outnumbered girls by a ratio of 2 to 1. Two-thirds of the patients had identifiable metabolic causes, while the remaining third had infected renal lithiasis. In this latter group, all patients had had multiple urologic procedures, urinary infection, and stasis with diversionary and indwelling drainage devices. Contrary to earlier views, idiopathic renal lithiasis with or without hypercalciuria was the most common metabolic form of nephrolithiasis in children. Sixty-seven patients (86 per cent) were followed for an average of 7 1/2 years. With appropriate therapy, stone disease became inactive in 70 per cent of the children. The remaining 30 per cent continued with active disease--5 died of renal failure and 1 has received a renal allograft. Stone formation may be regarded as a solitary complication or one of several manifestations of a large number of underlying disorders. Along with a thorough search for etiologic factors there must be an equally aggressive therapeutic effort. Because the disease is ofter sporadic, careful long-term followup of the patients with active as well as those with inactive stone disease is mandatory. PMID- 1117532 TI - Hypertension in infancy: the case for aggressive management. AB - We have reported on 10 infants less than 3 months old with hypertension. Renovascular hypertension was identified in 80 per cent of these patients. Spontaneous recovery with medical management occurred in 30 per cent of the patients and 57 per cent treated medically died. Of the 3 patients treated by nephrectomy normotensive survival resulted in 2. PMID- 1117534 TI - Segmental renal hypoplasia and hypertension. AB - The association of hypertension with congenital renal hypoplasia (Ask-Upmark kidney) has been well established. A case is presented that clearly demonstrates the distinctive clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic features. An abnormal production of renin by the affected kidney suggested that the renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis was involved in the genesis of the hypertension. Hypertension was cured by unilateral nephrectomy. PMID- 1117533 TI - Umbilical artery aortography in the newborn using power injection. PMID- 1117535 TI - Bilateral transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis with unilateral non functioning kidney. AB - A case is presented of bilateral transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis with extension of the tumor to involve the renal parenchyma bilaterally. Unilateral complete absence of function was demonstrated and pathological study correlated the absence of function with complete replacement and destruction of the renal parenchyma by transitional cell tumor. Segmental absence of function of the contralateral kidney is also correlated pathologically with complete replacement of the involved renal segment with tumor. Total replacement of renal parenchyma by transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis should be considered in the evaluation of renal non-function. PMID- 1117536 TI - Hemangioma of the penis with blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome. PMID- 1117538 TI - Left ventricular ejection time measured by finger-tip plethysmography in healthy young Japanese. Its correction for heart rate. AB - Finger-tip plethysmograms were recorded photoelectrically on 200 young males and females each. The relation between the left ventricular ejection time (ET) and the preceding heart rate (HR) and a method for correcting ET for the heart rate were studied. The values calculated by the formula ET/S-S or ET/square root S-S varied with the HR, so these formulae cannot be used for correcting the ET for HR. Thus from the relationship between ET and HR, a formula for converting the measured ET to the ET at an HR OF 70, I.E. ETc, was deduced. ETc equals ET + HR - 70. This formula can be used for both sexes of Japanese juveniles and the values obtained by it can be directly compared, irrespective of the HR. PMID- 1117537 TI - Intrarenal distribution of blood flow and renin in chronic congestive heart failure. AB - Intrarenal distribution of blood flow was measured by the 133xenon washout curve in 33 patients with heart disease. Plasma renin activity and sodium concentration were also measured on the day when the xenon study was performed. The patients were divided into three groups according to cardiac index: Group I whose cardiac index showed higher than 3.50 1/min/M2, BSA, group II whose index ranged from 2.50 to 3.50, and group III who had lower than 2.50. Total renal blood flow was significantly decreased in group II (p less than 0.001), as compared with normal controls. The percents of the total renal blood flow supplied to component I decreased significantly in group I, II (p less than 0.05) and group III (p less than 0.01). The flow rate in component I decreased significantly only in group II (p less than 0.05) and group III (p less than 0.01). There was a significant increase in the percent distribution of component II in group II (p less than 0.05) and in group III (p less than 0.01). The flow rate of component II showed a slight increase in group I and III. The study of autoradiographs done in dogs with heart failure demonstrated that component I corresponded to a cortical area having a relatively faster flow rate, whereas component II corresponded to the cortical area which was perfused more slowly. Accordingly, component III indicated outer medulla. There was no apparent relation between intrarenal distribution of blood flow and plasma renin activity although the latter tended to be elevated in patients treated with diuretics. In view of the data available it was concluded that outer cortical as well as outer medullary blood flow are decreased in chronic congestive heart failure and that there is no apparent correlation between outer cortical flow and plasma renin activity. PMID- 1117540 TI - Proceedings: Diagnosis of rheumatic fever. PMID- 1117539 TI - Blood flow of the superior and inferior venae cavae in cardiogenic shock: a study with an emphasis of the role of the stretch receptors in the low pressure system. AB - Blood flow of the superior (SVC) and inferior venae cavae (IVC) was simultaneously and separately measured with two cannulating type electromagnetic blood flow probes inserted into the SVC and IVC of thirty two dogs during hypotensive and low cardiac output states in hemorrhagic shock and cardiogenic shock. Blood flow ratio of teh IVC to total venous return was expressed by IVCF/CO (per cent). It was 66.3 per cent in normal condition, but was decreased to 54.3 per cent in hemorrhagic shock. In four cardiogenic shock models, however, IVCF/CO changes little from the control to the initial phase of shock state. At least in part, the marked decrease of venous return from the IVC region in hemorrhagic shock was considered due to the increase of sympathetic nerve activity in that region mediated by baro-receptors in the high pressure system. The unchanged blood flow ratio of the SVC and IVC in cardiogenic shock was assumed that the high atrial or high ventricular endodiastolic pressure was an inhibitory factor of the sympathetic nerve activity by activating the stretch receptors existing the low pressure system including left ventricle. This hypothesis was proved by the experiments in which the renal vascular resistance was suppressed by stretch of the left atrium by either extraatrial mechanical traction or intraatrial balloon inflation in hemorrhagic shock or intracardiac decompression during cardiopulmonary by pass. PMID- 1117541 TI - Proceedings: Problems in the clinical application of revised Jones diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever. PMID- 1117542 TI - Proceedings: Antihyaluronidase antibody in the patients with rheumatic fever. PMID- 1117543 TI - Proceedings: Outcomes of children with rheumatic fever not diagnosed by revised Jones criteria. PMID- 1117544 TI - Proceedings: Diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease in children, mass methods. PMID- 1117545 TI - Proceedings: Diagnosis of rheumatic fever. PMID- 1117546 TI - Proceedings: Type distribution of group A streptococcus in Japan with references to the international type distribution survey. PMID- 1117548 TI - Proceedings: Streptococcus surveys in Ryukyu Islands, Japan. PMID- 1117547 TI - Proceedings: The role of upper respiratory infections of group A streptococci to rheumatic fever. PMID- 1117549 TI - Proceedings: Serum antistreptococcal polysaccharide level in the diagnosis for rheumatic fever. PMID- 1117550 TI - Proceedings: Streptococcus surveys in Indonesia and India. PMID- 1117551 TI - Proceedings: Rheumatic fever and the health of populations. PMID- 1117552 TI - Proceedings: Treatment and long-term prognosis of -heumatic fever. PMID- 1117553 TI - Proceedings: Effect of steroid hormone on the rheumatic carditis. PMID- 1117554 TI - Proceedings: Treatment of rheumatic fever. PMID- 1117555 TI - Proceedings: Natural history of rheumatic heart disease seen in Kerala State. PMID- 1117556 TI - Proceedings: The epidemiology of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Korea. PMID- 1117557 TI - Proceedings: Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Singapore children. PMID- 1117558 TI - Proceedings: Epidemiology of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Thailand. PMID- 1117560 TI - Proceedings: Epidemiology of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Japan. PMID- 1117559 TI - Proceedings: Prevalence and pattern of rheumatic heart disease among Chinese in Hong Kong. PMID- 1117561 TI - Proceedings: Epidemiological features of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease among school children in Osaka. PMID- 1117562 TI - Proceedings: Prevalence of heart disease in a mass radiophotography survey in Oita Prefecture. PMID- 1117563 TI - Proceedings: Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in the young in northern Taiwan 1970-1971. PMID- 1117564 TI - Proceedings: Epidemiological study of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in India. PMID- 1117565 TI - Proceedings: Epidemiology of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Indonesia. PMID- 1117566 TI - Proceedings: Status of the cardiology in Korea. PMID- 1117567 TI - Proceedings: Prevention of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in school children. PMID- 1117568 TI - Prevention of rheumatic heart disease in school children. PMID- 1117569 TI - Proceedings: Secondary prevention of rheumatic heart disease in Pakistan. PMID- 1117570 TI - Proceedings: Prevention of rheumatic heart disease: follow-up studies of adult rheumatic fever under oral prophylaxis with penicillin. PMID- 1117571 TI - Proceedings: Penicillin prophylaxis in rheumatic fever prevention. PMID- 1117572 TI - Proceedings: Preventability of streptococcal infection by means of prophylactic medication of oral penicillin against rheumatic fever recurrence. PMID- 1117573 TI - Proceedings: Challenge of juvenile mitral stenosis in India. PMID- 1117574 TI - Proceedings: Juvenile mitral stenosis. PMID- 1117575 TI - Proceedings: Valvotomy in young patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. PMID- 1117576 TI - Proceedings: Results of mitral valve replacement in young patients with rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 1117577 TI - Proceedings: Decreasing incidence of JMS in Japan and postoperative history. PMID- 1117578 TI - Electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram in isolated complete right bundle branch block. Part II. Experimental studies. PMID- 1117579 TI - Studies on the notches of P waves in mitral stenosis by means of the high-speed and magnified electrocardiograms. PMID- 1117580 TI - Epidemiological evaluation of funduscopic findings in cerebrovascular diseases. I. Fundoscopic findings as risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases. AB - In order to epidemiologically clarify the relationships between the funduscopic findings and occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, an analysis of 68 cerebral hemorrhage, 47 cerebral thrombosis and 230 controls in two rural Akabane and Asahi towns in Japan was accomplished and the results were as follows: 1. Among the fundamental funduscopic findings, irregular constriction, narrowing and retinal bleeding were high risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage in due order. Arteriolar reflex lateral displacement, irregular constriction, tapering, vertical displacement, white plaque and retinal bleeding were high risk factors of cerebral thrombosis in the order listed. Sheathing of arteriole was significantly related to the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases. 2. Risk of cerebral hemorrhage was significant and highest in grade 3 of Scheie's hypertensive and Keith-Wagener's classifications. Grade 3 of Scheie's hypertensive and Keith-Wagener's classifications of cerebral thrombosis revealed the highest O/E ratio but was insignificant. 3. As is to be expected, the higher the grade of each funduscopic finding and the classifications of the retinal findings, the higher the risk of occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases. 4. Three or more, bright red color and large plaque shape of retinal bleeding in the upper and lower temporal areas were more indicative of future cerebrovascular diseases than in other area, and one or two, dark red color or smaller bleeding. 5. Arterial blood pressure was significantly related to the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis. Albuminuria was also significantly related to the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage, but glycosuria was not found to have an important relation to the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage. The relationship between serum cholesterol level and cerebrovascular diseases was insignificant. 6. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and albuminuria were more important than the funduscopic findings for prospecting the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage, and on the contrary, the funduscopic findings were more important than systolic and diastolic blood pressure and other findings for prospecting the occurrence of cerebral thrombosis. PMID- 1117581 TI - Epidemiological evaluation of funduscopic findings in cerebrovascular diseases. II. A multivariate analysis of funduscopic findings. AB - The interrelationship of the funduscopic, physical and laboratory findings, the additional information of each funduscopic finding when physical and laboratory findings were considered simultaneously, and the relative importance of each retinal finding in the funduscopic pictures were investigated by a series of multivariate analysis for 68 cerebral hemorrhage, 47 cerebral thrombosis and 230 controls in two rural towns, Akabane and Asahi, in Japan and the results were as follows: 1. For the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage, narrowing of arteriole and irregular constriction were especially important indicators, and retinal bleeding and lateral displacement were also valuable but less than narrowing and irregular constriction. On the other hand, for the occurrence of cerebral thrombosis, arteriolar reflex was considered as the most valuable indicator, and irregular constriction, lateral displacement and white plaque were also important but less than arteriolar reflex. 2. Narrowing of arteriole was most highly related with irregular constriction while the correlation between retinal bleeding and white plaque, and also the correlation between arteriolar reflex, vertical and lateral displacement and tapering were significant. 3. A significiant correlation among physical and laboratory findings was found only between systolic and diastolic blood pressure as far as analysed. Funduscopic findings by Scheie's hypertensive and Keith-Wagener's classifications were highly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. 4. Narrowing and irregular constriction were significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the relation between retinal bleeding and glycosuria was significant. 5. An analysis of the additional information of each funduscopic finding, when evaluated with the physical and laboratory findings simultaneously, revealed that irregular constriction, lateral displacement and narrowing gave prominent additional information for the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage, while arteriolar reflex, lateral and vertical displacement and white plaque gave valuable information for the occurrence of cerebral thrombosis. 6. It is noteworthy from these multivariate analyses that narrowing and irregular constriction may arise from a similar pathophysiological mechanism which brings out vasoconstriction and the resultant organic changes due to hypertension. It is also noticed that arteriolar reflex and A/V crossing phenomenon may come from the different pathophysiological mechanism related to arteriosclerosis. It was stressed that detailed analyses of observer variability and evolution of funduscopic findings would be necessary. PMID- 1117582 TI - The epidemiological study on the correlation between serum lipids and cerebro cardiovascular disease. AB - 1. There were significant correlation between hyperlipidemia and obesity, hypertension, abnormal ECG and abnormal eyeground. 2. The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was closely associated with hypertension but not with hyperlipidemia. 3. It was proved that hypertension with both hyper-Ch and hyper-TG was highly related to the development of cerebral infarction. 4. It seemed that the incidence of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris was related to hypertension with hyper-Ch. 5. Therefore, the present study suggested that the control of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was useful for the prevention of cerebro-cardiovascular disease. PMID- 1117583 TI - Prevalence of plasma lipoprotein abnormalities in the farming village of Tanushimaru and the fishing village of Ushibuka. From the epidemiological aspects. AB - A prospective survey was made on the population of two village in order to compare the frequency of plasma lipoprotein abnormalities in the two cohorts. The inhabitants of the farming village and those of the fishing village had different mode of life, especially eating habits, and different incidence rates of heart attack and brain stroke, but invariably had low serum cholesterol levels. The results of the study indicated that the nature and frequency of plasma lipoprotein abnormalities made vary with difference eating habits. However, the way in which this variance is related to the development into heart attack and brain stroke in the two populations remains to be settled by further follow-up study. PMID- 1117584 TI - Genetic control of fatty acid metabolism, especially study of genetic control of cholesterol. AB - The serum cholesterol of 1431 inhabitants over 10 years old in the general population was estimated by the method of Autoanalyzer. The correlation coefficients of the serum total cholesterol between parent and child and between siblings were obtained from other samples which completely excluded consanguinity. The genetic study of 41 pedigrees of familial hypercholesterolemia with xanthoma which described the cholesterol value of parent and child in Japan and other countries was done, and the following results were obtained. 1) Cholesterol is a quantitative character, therefore it will be controlled genetically by polygene. 2) It was presumed that the mode of inheritance of type II hypercholesterolemia (with or without xanthoma) was also controlled by polygene. 3) The correlation coefficients of cholesterol between parent and child and between siblings were found to be 0.26004, 0.27998, respectively. 4) The heritability of cholesterol was found to be 0.5995. PMID- 1117585 TI - Studies on pathophysiological effects of postalimentary lipemia in patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - The present studies were undertaken to elucidate the pathophysiological effects of postalimentary lipemia(PAL) induced by the intake of much animal fat in patients with ischemic heart disease(IHD) and the preventive measures against them. Results obtained were as follows: 1) Occurrence of augmentation of ischemic changes in ECG was demonstrated after fat intake. 2) After fat intake, lowering of arterial oxygen tension and heparin-induced increase in arterio-venous difference of oxygen tension in the forearm were observed. 3) PAL resulted in an acceleration of platelet adhesiveness as well as a shortening of plasms recalcification time and that of plasma prothrombin time. 4) It was revealed that red blood cells adsorbed fat on their membrane and then readily agglutinate together. 5) Removal of chylomicrons from the blood stream was accelerated by the intravenous injection of glucose. These results lead to the following conclusions: 1)PAL exerts a deleterious effect on the oxygen supply to the myocardium in patients with IHD and it is probably due to the disturbance of pulmonary function and that of oxygen diffusion and blood flow in the myocardium. 2) As one of preventive measures against the concurrent intake of carbohydrate in an appropriate quantity appears to be of use. PMID- 1117586 TI - Metabolism of triglyceride in hyperlipidemia. PMID- 1117587 TI - Dietary treatment of the cardiovascular patient with the hyperlipidemia and the long term dietary control of the hyperlipidemia. AB - The prudent reducing diets relatively low in fat and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids prepared with the intension of lowering lipid and applied to the cardiovascular patient with hyperlipemia and obesity. The diet is effective to the depress of serum lipid and the reducing body weight and I.R.I. in serum revert to normal levels and normal type. PMID- 1117588 TI - Dietary management of hyperlipidemia. PMID- 1117589 TI - Echocardiogram and phonocardiogram related to the movement of the pulmonary valve. AB - Pulmonary valve movement and the related acoustic phenomena were investigated using high speed strip-chart echo- and phonocardiographic recording. The opening of the pulmonary valve had no definite relationship to the acoustic phenomena, whereas the pulmonary ejection sound was closely related in time to the early systolic maximal opening of the valve. The concomitant pulmonary ejection systolic murmur faded away by the time of the mid-systolic semi-closure of the valve, where the tiny extrasound occurred in a half of cases. The pulmonary component of the second heart sound occurred after the valve closure, and the time lag maximally reached up to 50 msec. Pulmonary hypertension tended to minimize this delay, giving the so-called single loud second heart sound. Graham Steell murmur started with the pulmonary component of the second heart sound and reached up to the isometric contaction phase beyond the first heart sound. PMID- 1117590 TI - Comparison of a semi-automated sphygmomanometer with the clinical sphygmomanometer. AB - A semi-automated sphygmomanometer Stanley B-200 has been compared with the clinical sphygmomanometer in 500 college boys by using a blind simultaneous method. Stanley B-200 has shown significantly higher systolic blood pressure (14.8 mmHg, P smaller than 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (3.8 mmHg, P smaller than 0;05). This device also recorded 15 false positive systolic and 12 false negative diastolic results (P smaller than 0.05). PMID- 1117591 TI - Hemodynamic and clinical significances of atrial fibrillation, pulmonary vascular resistance and left ventricular function in rheumatic mitral stenosis. AB - Seventy-four patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis were catheterized and hemodynamic and clinical significances of atrial fibrillation, pulmonary vascular resistance and left ventricular function were studied. These data were also compared to those in the 6 control cases. In addition to the correlation of mitral valve area to the functional classification of patients, significance of atrial fibrillation was also demonstrated. Patients with this arrhythmia had lower cardiac index than those with regular sinus rhythm by approximately 20%, throughout the range of mitral valve area observed. The lower average cardiac index was associated with a higher average left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in cases with atrial fibrillation than in cases without the arrhythmia, in the face of similar average heart rate and average mitral valve area; Average pulmonary vascular resistance correlated to the functional classification, but its systematic influence on the relation between mitral valve area and cardiac index was not observed. Abnormalities of left ventricular function were suggested frequently by various combinations of abnormal values in end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic volume, ejection fraction, angiographically-measured circumferential fiber shortening velocity (Vcf), and pressure-derived maximal contractile element velocity (Vmax). Patients with enlarged left ventricle had significantly lower average cardiac index than those with normal ventricular size. PMID- 1117592 TI - Effect of apomorphine on the canine SA node. AB - A constant pressure perfusion of the sinus node artery was performed in 10 in situ and in 3 isolated SA node preparations. The selective administration of apomorphine caused a negative chronotropic effect which was not blocked by treatment with atropine. The sinus deceleration was usually produced by apomorphine, 10-300 mug, while sinus irregularity and finally atrioventricular nodal rhythm in the in situ preparation or sinus arrest in the isolated one resulted from doses above 1 mg. In the in situ preparation at a higher dose from 300 mug to 1 mg, a slight sinus acceleration was occasionally induced following sinus deceleration; In this time, a fall in blood pressure was usually observed; This acceleration response to apomorphine was inhibited by propranolol. From these results, it is concluded that apomorphine induces direct depressive action on the SA node and, in extremely high doses, a slight sinus acceleration may be induced by reflex mechanism. PMID- 1117593 TI - Pseudo-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome observed in a patient with Lutembacher's syndrome. AB - Pre- and post-operative vectorcardiograms (Frank system) and angiocardiograms in a patient with Lutembacher's syndrome, were correlated. Preoperative vectorcariogram showed the initial conduction delay, complete RBBB, increased QRS voltage, and open QRS loop, while left ventriculography and left atriography demonstrated the markedly posteriorly dislocated left ventricular major axis surrounded by the huge right ventricle and right atrium. Two months after operation, when the left ventricular major axis shifted from abnormally posteriorly directed to left and inferiorly, with the decreased right-sided heart chambers, the initial conduction delay disappeared with decreased QRS voltage. As these vectorcardiographic and angiocardiographic changes at the postoperative stage were parallel, we concluded that the initial conduction delay was a representation of "the pseudo-W-P-W syndrome" and due to the abnormally posteriorly dislocated left ventricular apex and the delayed excitation of the right ventricular free wall caused by the huge dilatation. PMID- 1117594 TI - A case of the omphalocele. The discussion about the frequent combination of the cardiac malformation, and the observation at the early non-cyanotic period of Fallot's tetralogy. AB - Even in the severe tetralogy of Fallot the performance of right ventricle is maintained normally without loaded pattern in ECG compensated by the blood flow derived through the ductus arteriosus at early neonatal period. Thereafter, stenotic murmur and reversed shunt appear, because the degree of right ventricular stenosis presumably increases gradually and right ventricular resistance11) become higher than systemic one. PMID- 1117595 TI - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: its natural course and management. AB - Two hundred and twenty-two patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were ascertained in Japan between 1961 and 1974 through two nationwide surveys, medical literature, and personal examinations. Genetic analysis was made of this group as well as 102 follow-up cases. The average age at diagnosis was 23 in males and 26 in females, with male to female ratio of 1:1.13. Presenting complaints of 170 patients included obstruction (42.8 per cent of patients), abdominal pain (23.4 per cent), rectal bleeding (13.5 per cent), extrusion of polyp (7.2 percent). Diagnosis of 52 patients was based on melanin pigmentation. Intussusception occurred in 46.9 per cent of the patients, most often in the small intestine. Polyps occurred in the stomach in 108 patients (48.6 per cent), small intestine, 142 patients (64 per cent), colon, 118 patients (53.2 per cent) and rectum, 71 patients (32 per cent). Among the 222 patients, cancer was histologically verified in 28. Fifteen early cancers occurred (3 gastric, 8 small intestine, 4 colon), and 11 advanced cancers (3 gastric, 1 small intestine, 6 colon, and 1 both colon and small intestine). Mortality was lower than in patients with familial polyposis coli but higher than in the general population. Conservative surgical management, planned medical follow-up, and the need for a national registration system are stressed. PMID- 1117596 TI - Carcinoma in the Gardner syndrome: a case report. AB - Carcinoma of the colon is commonly seen in the Gardner syndrome and familial polyposis of the colon. Therefore early detection of these symdromes in families and careful follow-up are important. During a study of families at high risk of developing colorectal cancer, an asymptomatic 19-year-old female was found to have the Gardner syndrome. Although barium enema examination was negative, colonoscopy revealed the presence of polyps; biopsy of one polyp revealed carcinoma-in-situ. PMID- 1117597 TI - The normal, eugenics and racial survival. PMID- 1117598 TI - Polycythemia produced by hemoglobin Osler (beta-145 (HC2) Tyr yields Asp). AB - Polycythemia in a black woman was associated with hemoglobin Osler. In this hemoglobin the tyrosine at the penultimate position of the beta chain is replaced by aspartic acid. As a result oxygen affinity of the hemoglobin is very high, heme-heme interaction is absent, and the influence of hydrogen ion and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate on oxygen affinity is attenuated. PMID- 1117599 TI - Clinical and pathological studies in a growth hormone-deficient dwarf. AB - Postmortem studies were performed in one of three closely related dwarfs. Repeated arginine infusions and insulin tolerance tests never resulted in plasma levels of human growth hormone (HGH) greater than 2.0 ng/ml in any of these three dwarfs. However, pituitary somatotropes in the autopsied subject were well granulated and were reduced in number to 20% of normal. In the absence of a second defect, there should have been substantially higher HGH levels in plasma after provocative stimulation. The clinical and pathological data appear most compatible with (a) deficiency of growth hormone releasing factor, or (b) insensitivity of somatotropes to this material. It seems reasonable to postulate that a major group of dwarfs clinically simulating HGH deficiency can be explained by one of these mechanisms rather than by an absolute deficiency of HGH. PMID- 1117600 TI - [Mobilization of patients following acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1117601 TI - [Left pulmonary artery hypoplasia associated with subclavian artery stenosis and aortic valve insufficiency]. PMID- 1117602 TI - [Postinfarction cardiac aneurysm with attacks of ventricular tachycardia treated surgically]. PMID- 1117603 TI - [Myocardial infarct diagnosis based on an abnormal QRS complex]. PMID- 1117604 TI - [Surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease and its complications]. PMID- 1117605 TI - [Assisted circulation by the intra-aortic balloon method using the Fluidix pump]. PMID- 1117606 TI - [The sympathico-adrenal system in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1117607 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients folling myocardial infarct in the light of modern views]. PMID- 1117608 TI - [Normal appearance of extreme right ECG in children]. PMID- 1117609 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysms and akinetic postinfarction scars of the left ventricle as based on 78 cases treated surgically]. PMID- 1117610 TI - [Observations on the sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 1117611 TI - [1st derivative of apex cardiography and its usefulness in the assessment of the functional state of the left ventricle]. PMID- 1117612 TI - [Phlebogram and mechanogram of the left parasternal area in the assessment of late results of mitral valve implantation]. PMID- 1117613 TI - [Changes in the biosynthesis of corticosteroids from progesterone-C14 under the effect of prostaglandin E2 in rabbits with vasorenal hypertension]. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E2 on the biosynthesis of corticosteroids was studied in intact rabbits and in the ones with vasorenal hypertension in different periods of its development (1st group) and in the animals subjected to a spurious operation (2nd group). Prostaglandin added to an incubation medium was found to produce in intact rabbits a significant depression of the 11 dehydrocorticosterone and cortisone biosynthesis from progesterone-C14. In rabbits operated upon (1st and 2nd groups) prostaglandin E2 brought changes in the production of corticosteroids no sooner than in 1 month after surgery. In rabbits with vasorenal hypertension brought about through unilateral constriction of the renal artery with an intact second kidney the content of the labeled 11 desoxycorticosterone and 11-desoxycorticosol materially decreased under the effect of prostaglandin E2, while the biosynthesis of the end fractions--11 desoxycorticosterone, aldosterone and cortisone, would gain in intensity. These changes preceded somewhat the most significant rise of the arterial pressure. In the rabbits spuriously operated upon prostaglandin E2 increased the production of corticosteroids and 11-dehydrocorticosterone, low at that time. It is presumed that prostaglandin E2 produces a regulating influence on the processes of the corticosteroids biosynthesis both in normalcy and in vasorenal hypertension. PMID- 1117614 TI - [Electrophysiological classification of myocardial infarct]. AB - The paper treats some questions concerning the electrophysiological diagnosis of myocardial infarction. An attempt has been made to work out an electrophysiological classification of myocardial infarction basing on 4 categories: localization, stage, volume, electrical instability. In new concept reversibility of changes at the very early stage of the disease has been developed. Great importance was given to the volume of the lesion, and to electrical instability. Three types of electrical instability were differentiated (the myocardium, automatic centers, atrioventricular system) and the "staircase phenomenon" has been described. All the categories were classified and coded and as a result a formula was proposed to express and asses in terms of codes and mathematical figures all the features of the process. The importance of this formula for the application of computers in electrocardiology was stressed. PMID- 1117615 TI - [Physical exertion tests in patients with acute myocardial infarct at the hospital stage of rehabilitation]. AB - The aim of the work is to clarify the part of physical exertion tests applied to patients early after myocardial infarction, i.e. on the 30--35th day of the affection and also to appraise the reserves of the coronary circulation with a definite threshold tolerance to physical efforts. Tests with a graded physical loading were set up in 50 patients with acute macrofocal (including 34 transmural) myocardial infarction at the time of completion of the intrahospital rehabilitation program that included the regimen of an early activation. A continually-rising type of loading with an initial rating of 150 kgm/min was used. At the instant of effort the ECG was being registered in 4 chest leads. The threshold load-rating was found to average 315 kgm/min and the sum-total of the work performed equaled 2190 kgm. Tests with graded physical loading are of great importance for elaboration of concrete recommendations for rehabilitation and prophylactic measures in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1117616 TI - [Determination of pressure in the pulmonary artery by indirect method in pregnant women with heart defects]. AB - The purpose of the work was to ascertain the degree of reliability achievable by an indirect measurement of pressure in the pulmonary artery in pregnant women with congenital and acquired heart diseases. To determine the pressure in the pulmonary artery by the indirect method electro-phonocardiograms and a phlebogram from the jugular vein were recorded simultaneously. The pressure in the pulmonary artery was measured with reference to the duration of the isometric relaxation period of the right ventricle, estimated from the distance between the pulmonary component of the II sound and the beginning of the diastolic fall on the phlebogram. By registering the duration of this period and the heart rate the systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery was found from the nomogram. A total of 55 patients, including 19 pregnant women, were examined. The pressure levels calculated by the indirect method were contrasted against the results obtained through catheterization of the cardiac cavities, or during surgery--by direct puncturing. Investigations have shown a high degree of reliability of the estimated pressure levels in the pulmonary artery of patients with congenital and acquired cardiac defects. The indirect method of measuring the pulmonary artery pressure is simple, quite safe and accurate. It allows one to ascertain the extent of pulmonary hypertension in pregnant women irrespective of the type of the defect, the age and the intensity of the pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 1117617 TI - [Certain problems of study of cardiohemodynamics by the method of ultrasonic Doppler-echolocation]. AB - Results obtained in experiments on 10 adult mongrel dogs are offered. A synchronous registration of ultrasonic doppler-cardiograms (USDC) and of the intraventricular pressure continued throughout the experiment helped establish the relation between the pressure range in the left ventricle and the acceleration on the USDC curve. On the ground of the dependence thus obtained 2 indexes are proposed, viz. for an indirect evaluation of the intraventricular pressure (the index of "rated acceleration") and for appraising the contractability or the muyo cardium (the index of "relaxation from acceleration"). The available data might in the future provide for the possibility of devising appliances supplementing and replacing the catheterization. PMID- 1117618 TI - [Intermittent block of the posterior left branch of the bundle of His in association with the stable block of the anterior branch]. PMID- 1117619 TI - [Activity of blood serum elastase in patients with acute myocardial infarct in the pre-hospital period]. PMID- 1117620 TI - [Indicators of central hemodynamics in patients with myocardial infarct in the process of restorative therapy]. PMID- 1117621 TI - [Disorders of atrio- and intraventricular conduction in acute myocardial infarct, their treatment and outcome]. PMID- 1117622 TI - [10-year experience with heart stimulation in atrioventricular heart block]. AB - Data covering 177 cases of the atrioventricular block where cardiostimulation was effected by using Soviet-made batch-produced electrocardiostimulators are analyzed. The largest group included patients 50 to 70 years old (71 per cent). In 47 per cent of the cases the atrioventricular block stemmed from ischemic heart disease. As indications for cardiostimulation served the Morgagni-Adams Stocks syndrome and a well-marked circulatory insufficiency. The hospital lethality comprised 15.8 per cent. The death was caused by acute cardio-pulmonary incompetence, thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery and myocardial infarction. Among complications secondary to cardiostimulation figure suppuration of the operating wound, disturbed integrity of the myocardial electrodes and a premature exhaustion of the cardiostimulators reserves. From among 130 patients kept under observation the duration of cardiostimulation comprised: up to 1-year--in 20.7, from 1 to 3 years--in 26.1, from 3 to 5 years--in 20.7, from 5 to 10 years--in 1m.7 and over 10 years--in 14.8 per cent. PMID- 1117623 TI - [Constant endocardiac stimulation of the heart ventricles controlled by atrial biopotential]. AB - The technique procedures and the first clinical experience of the atrial biopotential controlled endocardiac electric stimulation of the ventricles applied to 14 patients 17 to 72 years old with complete or intermittent atrio ventricular block and attacks of Morgagni-Adams-Stocks disease are described. An endocardial detector electrode designed by German scientists was used to take biopotentials of the atrium. The stimulation proved successful in all the patients who were kept under observations for a period from 1 to 30 months. Advantages of the method under review are set forth. PMID- 1117624 TI - [Role of the vagus nerve in the origination and cessation of atrial tachyarrhythmias]. AB - At the root of the mechanism of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias observed in an isolated atrium following electric stimulation of the vagus nerve lies circulation of the excitation wave or waves. The origination of this circulation is due to a normalized conduction in the regions inhibited by the vagus nerve, the existence of such regions having been shown in experiments. The trajectory of the circulating excitation wave was reproduced with the help of a mathematical model the properties of whose elements had been pre-set axiomatically. The forecasts and effects of the model were verified in tests involving the use of the microelectrode technique. The question as to the applicability of the proposed model for explaining the mechanism causing the development of disorders in the cardiac rhythm at the time of myocardial infarction is discussed. The inhibited regions develop not only on stimulation of the extracardiac vagus, but also after direct stimulation of the myocardium. Direct tests demonstrated that the activation of the intramural nerves is apt to suppress disturbances of the rhythm, occasioned by the circulating excitation and ectopic activity. It is suggested that the excitation of the intracardiac nerves during electric defibrillation may appear as an additional factor causing a positive antiarrhythmic effect of the condensator discharge. PMID- 1117625 TI - [Distribution of the density of defibrillating current in the chest and underneath the defibrillator's electrodes]. AB - Results of experiments carried out in animals and of measurements made on electrophysical and analogue models are presented. It has been found that with routinely employed manipulations in the electric impulse therapy of arrhythmias the denstiy of the current in the chest and directly underneath the defibrillator's electrodes is distributed in a non-uniform fashion. This results in high defibrillation thresholds, possible damages of the heart and body teguments. The causes responsible for this non-uniformity are analyzed, the non uniformity itself is assessed and ways of its elimination are indicated. PMID- 1117626 TI - [Classification and clinical-electrocardiographic evaluation of his bundle-branch block]. AB - Investigation covered 114 patients with ischemic heart disease exhibiting electrocardiographic signs of deranged intraventricular conduction. Major ECG changes with blocked left anterior and left posterior brances of the bundle of His and also in combined blocks of two and three branches are described. A quantitative spatial analysis of the ECG in corrected orthogonal leads after McFee with determination of the initial, terminal and median orientation of the QRS vector in the frontal plane, as well as of the azimuth and elevation was made. A classification of the His bundle-branch block is proposed. It includes single-, double- and triple-bundle branch blocks. Clinical and electrocardiographic comparisons showed that disrupted conduction in the ramification system of the bundle of His occurs with marked diffuse or focal alterations in the myocardium of the left ventricle observed in patients afflicted with different forms of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 1117627 TI - [Block of the main branches of the bundle of His]. AB - The author describes the contemporary data on the ECG picture of the main right branch, the main left branches of His' bundle block and hemiblock of the left anterior and posterior main branches and their combinations with the main right branch of His' bundle block. Pathohistological changes of the conductive system in different forms of the main branches of His' bundle block as well as their influence on cardieac function and circulation were demonstrated. Work capacity of patients with these blocks was noted. PMID- 1117628 TI - [Congenital complete atrio-ventricular block]. AB - Case-histories and ECG of 23 patients with congenital atrio-ventricular heart block were studied. Most of these were up to 14 years old. In 10 of these patients concomitant congenital cardiac defects were uncovered which in 7 cases were combined with a corrected transposition of the major vessels. A relationship between the localization of the ventricular pacemaker and the clinical picture of the disease. The attacks of the Morgagni-Adams-Stocks disease were, as a rule, observed in patients with the ventricular pacemaker located beneath the bundle of His bifurcation, which manifested itself on the ECG by deformation and broadening of the QRS complex in the form of a complete or incomplete block of one or both of the bundle of His crura. Most patients with circulatory insufficiency suffered from severe concomitant congential cardiac failures or from frequent attacks of the Morgagni-Adams-Stocks disease. PMID- 1117629 TI - [On the semiology and genetics of keratoglobus (author's transl)]. AB - A report on the pedigree in familial occurrence of keratoglobus in 3 offsprings probably having autosomal, recessive inheritance of this feature. A deviation from the normal axial length of the ball, the anterior chamber depth and the length of the vitreous space could be found by ultrasonography in 4 eyes with keratoglobus. PMID- 1117630 TI - [Contributions to the surgical technique of external dacryocystorhinostomy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe some modifications of the surgical technique of external dacryocystorhinostomy. The preliminary exploration methods and their evaluation are considered. An arched skin incision is used for a more anatomical dissection to approach the lacrimal sac. The following bone trepanation is then made with burrs designed by Burch Barraquer. It should be rather large (15-20 mm), backwards and downwards in the nose bone. A running suture, with three external skin stiches as pexia, is used to tie the anterior muco-mucosal flaps together. This suture is them removed after approximately 12 days. Management and procedures in special cases as well as in reoperations are also discussed.?Author PMID- 1117631 TI - [Follow-up of cases of suspected glaucoma (author's transl)]. AB - The authors analysed the findings in 280 patients suspected of glaucoma. These patients were controlled over a long period in the course of which 30 developed a glaucoma. The authors recommend the measurement of IOP in all patients in the office so far as there is no contraindication and a 1/2 yearly control of all suspected cases to begin with. They recommend further that after 4 year control the provocative tests should be repeated in case there is yet no manifestation of the disease. Finally they recommend that the pilocarpine-test should be done if the pressure level reaches 26 mm Hg in order to fish out cases of manifest glaucoma early enough. PMID- 1117632 TI - [Ophthalmological medals and coins (author's transl)]. AB - The author - a collector of ophthalmological medals - made a list of all ophthalmological medals and coins that he could find. In this cataloguq he does not only mention the memorial and prize medals of ophthalmologists but also those of physicists, physiologists, surgeons, opticians who have made a name in the field of ophthalmology. Further ophthalmological congress medals and badges are presented. PMID- 1117633 TI - [Fixation-test using the Heine-mini-ophthalmoscope with regulation of intensity of illumination (author's transl)]. AB - A report on experiences with the Heine-mini-ophthalmoscope with gliding regulation of intensity of illumination for fixation test in children employing a fixation object newly developed by K. Heilmann. PMID- 1117634 TI - [Phase-difference haploscope with a varioobjective for the measurement of aniseikonia (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports on a technical modification of Author's phase-difference haploscope. Through the employment of a varioobjective pictures of size variation ranging from +60 percent to -30 percent could be continually used for the measurement of aniseikonia. Through this the range of fusion of patients with aniseikonia could be measured under conditions of aniseikonia. The importance of the variation of the size of pictures for the measurement of range of fusion in strabismus is pointed out. PMID- 1117635 TI - [Scanning electrone microscopic investigations of synthetic suture material (author's transl)]. AB - Alterations of polyamide 6/6 sewing material after ophthalmologic micro-surgical operations were investigated by a scanning electrone microscope. On the basis of the typical transverse fissures of the nylon strings we succeeded in proving that these alterations were similar to those of a stick with circular cross-section after stress deflexion. Thus the fissures of the string cover can be reduced mainly to a mechanical permanent stress. PMID- 1117636 TI - [Improvement of visual acuity in lens opacities using an optic aperture (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports on improvement of visual acuity in cataract patients through placing a stenopacic opening before the eye. Recommendation is made as to the nature of such a visual aid. PMID- 1117637 TI - [Spontaneous healing of a malignoma? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. AB - The author reports on the following case: A 46-year-old female patient had an inflammatory lesion of the sclera, similar to an episcleritic nodule, which was treated with cortisone eye drops without success. Because of increasing pigment release in the conjunctiva a malignant neoplasma was suspected. There was no further treatment. After the patient started a treatment of her own in the form of a grape-diet without any other source of nourishment her symptoms disappeared. PMID- 1117638 TI - [Low tension glaucoma. Contribution to etiology (author's transl)]. AB - A report on a patient with pathological cupping of the disc and visual field defects similar to those found in glaucoma. In the sitting position the IOP was 18 and 21 mm Hg and in lying over 30 mm Hg. This abnormal positional effect was measured with the pneumotonograph which is based on a new principle of applanation independent of position. The classification of glaucoma simplex and low tension glaucoma as well as the differentiation from pseudoglaucoma are discussed. PMID- 1117639 TI - [An instrument for vitrectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The development of a new vitrectomy instrument has contributed to advancement in vitreous surgery to a large extent. The principle of this instrument is the suction of the vitreous into a needle and its simultaneous resection. In the meantime several constructions have been described. The resection apparatus, observation possibilities and illumination are discussed. PMID- 1117640 TI - [ERG and EOG results in X-chromosomal vitreo-retinal degeneration (author transl)]. AB - ERG and EOG were performed in three male patients deriving from two no related families and who had vitreo-retinal degeneration including macula area. The EOG was below normal and ERG-potentials particularly b-waves reduced. The finding although of interest are not pathognomically significant. Therefore the diagnosis is only proven by morphological fundus changes and genetics studies indicating a sex-linked transmission. PMID- 1117641 TI - [Orbita teratoma in a new-born (author's transl)]. AB - An orbital tumor of the size of an apple with a centrally placed optic vesicle was removed in a new-born baby girl 3 days after delivery. The histological examination revealed a mature teratoma with derivatives of all blastodermic layers. There has been no relapse up till now and the further growth of the girl has not been impaired. PMID- 1117642 TI - [The coats of the eyeball and the intraocular pressure (author's transl)]. AB - The coats of the eyeball influence the results of tonometry 1. by their response to changes of intraocular volume and pressure as expressed by the deltaP/deltaV ratio and 2. by the rigidity of the cornea. None of the clinical methods in use is able to measure the true deltaP/deltaV-ratio in vivo. Therefore this factor has to be either eliminated from tonometry or measured by a rather complicated new procedure as described in this paper. The rigidity of the cornea as measured on enucleated eyes, offers a resistance increasing significantly with the thickness of the cornea, the size of the applanation and the altitude of the intraocular pressure. It might be neglected in applanations up to 3 mm in diameter, in larger applanations however it becomes a remarkable source of error. PMID- 1117643 TI - [The effect of gamma rays on glutathion and ascorbic acid content in rabbit lenses (author's transl)]. AB - It is pointed out that the partner non radiated eye is also influenced after employment of high radiation on an eye. The authors radiated rabbit eyes with gamma rays employing Stallard-applicators and determined the glutathion and ascorbic acid content in the lenses. The lenses of the partner eye were also examined for comparison. In those eyes which were directly radiated there was a fall of concentration of the two substances indirectly proportional to the dose of rays employed. In the partner eyes which were not directly subjected to direct radiation there were changes of similar character which were however not so much pronounced. The role of glutathion and ascorbic acid in lens metabolism is pointed out. PMID- 1117644 TI - [Orthostatic cephalic hypotension and the eye (author's transl)]. AB - The pressure in the ophthalmic artery was measured during change of posture from the lying position to the sitting position by means of Muller's ophthalmodynamometer. In 210 healthy individuals there was a fall of average pressure between 0 and 21 percent. In 89 patients having a certainly pathological fluctuation of 25 percent or more which could not be found in the brachial pressure. Such patients did not only have general orthostatic symptoms but also various ocular symptoms. PMID- 1117645 TI - [Tonography test according to Leydhecker. Clinical comparison by tonography according to Grant (author's transl)]. AB - In our 1st series of examinations the Grant's 4-minutes-tonography, combined with waterdrinking (Becker), was compared with Leydhecker's modification of 7-minutes tonography. Out of 60 healthy eyes were 13,3% false-positive with the 4-minutes tonography, combined with waterdrinking, however with the 7-minutes-tonography none of these were glaucoma-suspicious. For 92 glaucoma-suspicious eyes, which were tested with both methods, the 7-minutes-tonography proved to be much more valuable. Leydhecker's value P3/CL3-7 offers 38,4% positive results at a starting pressure of 18-22 mm Hg, and 51,1% positive results at a starting pressure of 20 24 mmHg. Grant's 4-minutes-tonography, combined with waterdrinking (Becker), may show suspicious values at pressures of 18-22 mm Hg, however is not able to register with certainty existing pathological findings. In 2nd series of examinations 54 eyes with proven glaucoma chronicum simplex were tested with the 7-minutes-tonography. It showed a reliability of 83%. PMID- 1117646 TI - [A comment on siderosis bulbi (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a case of advanced siderosis bulbi. Besides the typical alterations in the anterior segment of the globe, siderotic changes of the retina could be revealed. The ERG showed a reduction of the b-wave. After removal of the foreign body, a partial regression of the siderotic changes took place. In addition, the ERG became normal within 8 weeks postoperatively. The indication for removal of metallic intraocular foreign bodies despite specific alterations of the ERG is emphasized. PMID- 1117647 TI - [A new possibility for the measurement of cyclophoria and cyclotropia with the glascyclometer (author's transl)]. AB - The glascyclometer is used for measuring cyclophoria and cyclotropia in free space with and without influencing the gained experience in the area of gaze for near and far as well as in head tilting. The apparatus is easy to handle. The reliability of results of measuring and their easy reproductability are of special advantage. PMID- 1117648 TI - [A case of unilateral endogenous intraocular mycosis through candida parapsilosis (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical course of a unilateral intraocular mycosis through candida parapsilosis is described. The fungus could be histologically verified from a whitish yellow thick deposits on the lens in the anterior chamber after enucleation of the eye. The ocular infection was endogenic probably through an infested cava-catheter. PMID- 1117649 TI - [A case of isolated bilateral microcoria and ectopic lens (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports on a patient having a congenital bilateral microcoria and ectopic lens. This is a not yet described combination of isolated abnormalities which are normally combined with other symptoms of Marfan-syndrome. This isolated ocular manifestation is to be regarded as a maldevelopment of ectoderm. PMID- 1117650 TI - [Vision disorders in mentally deficient children]. PMID- 1117651 TI - [Changes in the central nervous system in squinting children]. PMID- 1117653 TI - [Contribution to the study of myelinated nerve fibers]. PMID- 1117652 TI - [Examination of binocular vision on a cone stereometer in squinting children treated by the localization method]. PMID- 1117654 TI - [Partial peritomy associated with beta-therapy in the treatment of recurrent pterygium]. PMID- 1117655 TI - [Orbital sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1117656 TI - [Benign osteoblastoma of the ethmoid labyrinth, frontal sinus and orbit]. PMID- 1117657 TI - [Cerebral complications following orbital injury caused by a branch]. PMID- 1117658 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of subchoroidal hematoma]. PMID- 1117659 TI - [Fluorescent angiography in a case of a retinal tumor in a case of Bourneville's disease]. PMID- 1117660 TI - [Ocular form of brucellosis]. PMID- 1117661 TI - [Case of additional lacrymal caruncle]. PMID- 1117662 TI - [Case of spontaneous cure of amblyopia with excentric fixation in unilateral concomitant squint]. PMID- 1117663 TI - [Effect of fatigue on the visual system]. PMID- 1117664 TI - [Practical remarks concerning the testing, prescribing and follow-up control of fitted spectacles]. PMID- 1117665 TI - [Protein-forming and excretory function of the liver in blood transfusion complications]. PMID- 1117666 TI - [Electrolyte metabolism and the condition of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid functions of the adrenal cortex in different forms of Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 1117667 TI - [Mineral metabolism and the liver in obesity]. PMID- 1117668 TI - [Clinico-immunological parallels in erythema nodosum of pseudotuberculosis etiology]. PMID- 1117669 TI - [Clinico-morphological examination of the central nervous system in the remote period after spinal cord injury]. PMID- 1117670 TI - [Clinico-roentgenological diagnosis of pneumonia in patients with barbiturate poisoning]. PMID- 1117671 TI - [Clinical course of plasmacytoma of the kidney]. PMID- 1117672 TI - [Loeffler's syndrome]. PMID- 1117673 TI - [Nephrotuberculosis complicating polycystic kidney]. PMID- 1117674 TI - [Mesothelioma of the pericardium]. PMID- 1117675 TI - [Spindle-cell thymoma associated with partial red cell aplasia of the bone marrow]. PMID- 1117676 TI - [Case of Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 1117677 TI - [Van der Hoeve's syndrome]. PMID- 1117678 TI - [Clinical significance of mycoplasma in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1117679 TI - [Training of therapeutist-pulmonologist]. PMID- 1117680 TI - [Clinical importance of the radioactive methods of study of the effective renal plasma flow]. PMID- 1117681 TI - [State of cerebral hemodynamics in chronic kidney diseases]. PMID- 1117682 TI - [Study of the central and renal hemodynamics in hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 1117683 TI - [Blood coagulation and excretion of factors of coagulation and fibrinolysis with urine in patients with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1117684 TI - [Autoallergic reaction of neutrophils in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1117685 TI - [Dependence of the tempo of progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis on the degree of compensation of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1117686 TI - [Certain problems of psychosomatic adaptation of patients after surgery of stomach cancer]. PMID- 1117687 TI - [Primary mesothelioblastoma of the pericardium]. PMID- 1117688 TI - ["Pulmonary" variant of the course of stomach cancer]. PMID- 1117689 TI - [Thrombosis and embolism in oncological patients]. PMID- 1117690 TI - [Cytological method of examination in the diagnosis of certain diseases of the distal portion of the large intestine]. PMID- 1117691 TI - [Problems of classification and diagnosis of the forms of functional insufficiency of thrombocytes]. PMID- 1117692 TI - [Incidence of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 1117693 TI - Breeding nude (nu/nu) mice. AB - By using as sires homozygous nude males bearing thymus glands from their normal siblings, heterozygous females yield 50 per cent nu/nu offspring under conventional conditions. Most nu/nu females are fertile, but in our experience only 20 per cent of them rear nude litters to weaning age. PMID- 1117694 TI - Differences in blood values depending on age in laboratory-bred European hampsters (Cricetus cricetus L.). AB - No significant differences in blood parameters were found between males and females aged 13-900 days. A comparison of the various age groups showed significant differences in the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes and in the diameter of red blood cells. The number of erythrocytes and leucocytes was lowest, and the erythrocytes had the largest diameteres in young animals. The number of thrombocytes was lowest in older animals. PMID- 1117695 TI - Effect of litter size on milk yield in the rat. AB - The amount of milk removed from rats during 1 hour's suckling after a separation period of 8 hours was estimated by weighing their pups. In the 1st experiment litters of 9 pups were suckled by all rats. At test sucklings held daily on days 6-15 of lactation, pups were reallocated to give 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 pups per dam. The largest amount of milk was removed at suckling by groups of 12 pups. In a 2nd experiment, rats were constantly sucked by litters of either 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 pups from birth to slaughter at 15 days post partum. Rats with 12 and 15 pups yielded the most milk, nearly twice as much as those suckling only 6 or 9 pups. Litters of 3 pups consumed less than 1/3 of the amount consumed by litters of 6 or 9 pups. PMID- 1117696 TI - Some pathogenic aspects of murine sarcoma virus (Moloney) in rats. AB - The oncogenic effect of the murine sarcoma virus (Moloney) was tested in rats. Host-age and virus-dose dependent variations in the pathogenic spectrum were found. Four tumour "stages" were described: progressively lethal; lethal after long stationary period; complete tumour regression; tumour reoccurrence after complete regression. Virus recovery was highest from the progressively growing tumours and in the reoccurred neoplasms, while no virus was found in stationary tumours or in those sites where regression had occurred. Tumour onset and death was more rapid and frequent when inoculation of the virus was in muscle-rich tissues. When inoculation was into different visceral organs or intravenously, tumour development still occurred primary in muscle tissue. PMID- 1117697 TI - Influence of seed on thiocyanate content of radishes. PMID- 1117698 TI - Metabolism of glucose during ripening of detached tomato fruit. PMID- 1117699 TI - Effect of dietary variation, with respect to energy and crude protein levels, on the oxidative rancidity exhibited by frozen porcine muscles. PMID- 1117700 TI - Pre-slaughter injection of sodium ascorbate as a method of inhibiting metmyoglobin formation in fresh beef. PMID- 1117701 TI - Keeshonds: a genetic study of epilepsy and EEG readings. PMID- 1117702 TI - Craniomandibular osteopathy in Doberman Pinschers. PMID- 1117703 TI - Lag screw fixation of a patellar fracture. PMID- 1117704 TI - Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the racing Greyhound. PMID- 1117705 TI - Intraocular lead foreign bodies in four canine eyes. PMID- 1117706 TI - Experimental acute gastric dilation and torsion in the dog--1. Changes in biochemical and acid-base parameters. PMID- 1117707 TI - Experimental acute gastric dilatation and torsion in the dog--2. Venous angiographic alterations seen in gastric dilation. PMID- 1117708 TI - The radiological examination for osteoarthritis and instability of the canine stifle. PMID- 1117709 TI - Veterinary leisures--2. The opportunities of the stage. PMID- 1117710 TI - Rectal and rectosigmoid carcinoma: physician's prediction of local recurrence. PMID- 1117711 TI - Evaluation of various hypotensive agents in the control of experimental hemorrhage. PMID- 1117712 TI - Effect of pharmacological doses of methylprednisolone on preservation of renal function. PMID- 1117713 TI - Reflex responses of the isolated, in situ portal vein of the dog. PMID- 1117714 TI - Comparison of surgical and humoral methods of induction of cardiogenic shock in cats. PMID- 1117715 TI - The construction of individual leaflets for aortic valve replacement. PMID- 1117716 TI - Regional effects of hypovolemia and resuscitation with whole blood, saline, or plasma. PMID- 1117717 TI - ACS--NCI breast cancer detection demonstration projects--opening of the Nashville project. PMID- 1117718 TI - Radiation heart disease. PMID- 1117719 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid protein evaluation. PMID- 1117720 TI - X-ray of the month: A diagnosis of aortic dissection. PMID- 1117721 TI - Aortic aneurysm. PMID- 1117722 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 1117723 TI - Editorial: Oral hypoglycemic drugs. PMID- 1117724 TI - Oral diabetic drugs again held hazardous. PMID- 1117725 TI - Pulmonary artery sling. AB - Pulmonary artery sling is an uncommon and potentially lethal vascular anomaly that can produce airway obstruction. Despite the availability of a corrective operation, the mortality rate remains very high (50 per cent of surgically treated children) due to the high incidence of associated obstructive anormaliies of the tracheobronchial tree. The survivors of corrective operation have done well symptomatically. However, when restudied, most have been found to have no pulmonary blood flow to the left lung. Successful treatment requires early recognition of the anomaly, adequate preoperative investigation for associated anormalies (especially those of the tracheobronchial tree), a technically perfect vascular reconstruction, and meticulous postoperative respiratory therapy. PMID- 1117726 TI - Thoracic surgical problems associated with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Nine cases are presented that represent nearly all of the pleural, lung, and pericardial manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Three of the 9 had lung biopsies for various reasons to confirm the presence of the rheumatoid change. Six patients had complications of the disorder that required thoracic surgical intervention. The operations included emergency exploration of an empyema cavity for hemorrhage, decortication of the heart and lung, permanent open empyema drainage, and tube thoracostomy. The fact that all of the patients withstood the major complications and major surgery proves that patients with severe rheumatoid disease can withstand major thoracic surgery whenever there occurs a problem that will further increase their disability or threaten their lives. PMID- 1117727 TI - The association of carcinoma of the esophagus with achalasia. AB - Among 156 patients with achalasia who were treated during a 13 year period, two developed squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The first, a 33-year-old man, developed a carcinoma of the upper third of the esophagus 2 years after the onset of symptoms of achalasia. He was treated by a Heller myotomy and radiation therapy and survived 16.7 months. The second, a 60-year-old man, had had symptoms of achalasia for 15 years. He is alive with suspected recurrence 6 months after undergoing esophagogastrectomy for a carcinoma of the middle and lower thirds. A summary of the literature regarding carcinoma complicating achalasia is presented. This indicates that carcinoma arises in at least 1 to 7 per cent of patients with achalasia. Delay in diagnosis is common. The treatment need not differ from that of carcinoma without a chalasia, but the prognosis is dismal. Since there is evidence that retention esophagitis is a premalignant condition, it should be possible to prevent the development of carcinoma in achalasia by early cardiomyotomy in cases in which hydrostatic dilatation is not completely effective. A plea is made for closer surveillance of patients with achalasia so that, if carcinoma supervenes, it may be detected at an early stage. PMID- 1117728 TI - Total sequestration of the right lung. AB - A 2-day-old baby with severe respiratory distress and cyanosis was admitted to the hospital with a totally opacified right pleural cavity. Preoperative studies demonstrated absence of the right pulmonary artery, and a patent ductus arteriosus, and a left pulmonary artery pressure of 85/45 mm. Hg. The hypoplastic right lung received its entire blood supply from multiple vessels through the diaphragm. The infant's condition improved initially after a right pneumonectomy, but she died of progressive respiratory insufficiency at the age of 7 months. PMID- 1117729 TI - Runaway pacemaker in seven patients: a persisting problem. AB - Runaway pacemaker has been encountered in 7 patients during the past 7 years at the Texas Heart Institute. In this series, 4 patients with fixed-rate pacemakers experienced pacemaker arrhythmias because of battery depletion, and 3 had arrhythmias because of component failure. Battery deterioration was heralded by an increase in cardiac rate. Ventricular tachycardia, rapidly followed by ventricular fibrillation, occurred in 2 patients. Prompt surgical exteriorization of the failing pulse generator and connection to an external pacemaker resulted in prompt recovery in all patients. Elective generator change should be performed routinely after 24 to 30 months unless reliable serial observations of ventricular rates can be attained. This at least will reduce the lethal complications attributed to battery exhaustion. Increasing developments in the design of generators and sources of power, as well as data from pacemaker clinic follow-up and telephone pulse transmittal, are expected to decrease the frequency of this complication. PMID- 1117730 TI - Pulse duration variation and electrode size as factors in pacemaker longevity. AB - For the past 4 years, we have used highly efficient Medtronic electrodes (Nos. 6901 and 6907), with small surface areas, for cardiac pacemakers. We have found that chronic thresholds average 1.6 Ma. at a 1 msec. pulse duration, compared to 4.9 Ma. for the conventional Medtronic No. 5816 electrodes. These electrodes have been used in association with Medtronic Models 5961 and 5931, ventricular inhibited and asynchronous pulse generators in which output current and voltage are fixed and pulse duration is variable. Drain from the generator battery is directly related to impulse duration and is reduced at shorter durations. The strength-duration curve of cardiac stimulation suggests and actual long-term pacing has been achieved at an average of 0.2 to 0.3 msec., rather than the conventional 1.0 msec. Drain from the battery is one fourth that of pacemakers of 1970 and one half that of present day, conventional units. This fact suggests that a realistic average life of the pulse generator is 4 years or more. PMID- 1117731 TI - Effects of obstruction of cardiac lymphatics. AB - A study was undertaken in the dog to determine whether changes occurred in the lymphatics of the endocardium and myocardium of both ventricles after obstruction of the cardiac lymphatics. Other investigators have reported ventricular subendocardial hemorrhage, increased elastic and fibrous tissue in the left ventricle endocardium, and opacification of the mitral valve leaflets. In 14 experiments the ventricular walls were injected with India ink. The efferent cardiac lymphatics were followed to their termination in the cardiac lymph node or nodes. These nodes were excised, as were afferent and efferent lymphatic trunks. After 4 to 16 weeks, with the aid of extracorporeal circulation and oxygenation, biopsies were taken of the myocardium and endocardium of the ventricles of the beating heart. Six animals were used as control subjects. Grossly, there were no changes in the endocardium, myocardium, or valve leaflets. Light and electron microscopy demonstrated no fibrosis or elastosis, and no lymphatics were identifiable. We were unable to establish evidence of permanent changes as a result of obstruction of the lymphatics of the dog heart. PMID- 1117732 TI - Cavernous hemangioma of the heart: case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the heart discovered incidentally during life is reported. Resection of the tumor was impossible at operation. Two similar cases were found in the literature. Radation therapy is suggested, and the importance of a simple blood pool scan in the investigation of paracardiac masses is stressed. PMID- 1117733 TI - Neurogenic influences on the coronary vascular response to ischemia in the awake dog. AB - The influence of the nervous system on the response of the coronary vessels to ischemia was evaluated by observing the reactive hyperemia subsequent to a 10 second occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery in 19 awake dogs. Sympathectomy produced by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, chronic total surgical cardiac denervation, beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, and alpha blockade with phentolamine did not significantly after the reactive hyperemic response. Thus cardiac denervation did not impair the ability of the coronary vasculature to respond to a brief ischemic stimulus. PMID- 1117734 TI - Isolated, unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: serendipitous detection and correction. AB - Reaction of an isolated, unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is described. Detection was serendipitous in a patient with previous surgical resection and grafting of significant aortic coarctation. The philosophy and importance of proceeding with elective resection in these progressive lesions is emphasized. PMID- 1117735 TI - Partial anomalous systemic venous return: report of surgical treatment in two cases. AB - Two cases of anomalous systemic venous return were correctly diagnosed preoperatively and repaired by intracardiac baffle. These cases are of interest because of their anatomy, embryology, and the surgical method chosen to correct them. PMID- 1117736 TI - Aorto-pulmonary shunt in the premature infant: technical considerations. AB - In a 13-day-old, 1,300 gram premature infant with tricuspid atresia, a Potts Smith anastomosis was successfully performed. We used a neurosurgical vessel clip, smaller than the smallest available vascular clamp, to side-clamp the descending aorta. This report appears to be the first of the construction of a Potts-Smith shunt in an infant of this size. PMID- 1117737 TI - Extracorporeal perfusion for acute respiratory failure: recent experience with the spiral coil membrane lung. AB - Selection criteria, clinical data, and physiological measurements obtained during five extracorporeal membrane lung perfusions for acute respiratory insufficiency are presented. Four patients died and 1 survived. A new technique of femoral artery cannulation to allow aortic arch perfusion is described. When properly monitored, this route provides improved oxygen delivery to the brain during venoarterial (VA) perfusion. The importance of monitoring the equivalent of carotid artery Po2 during VA perfusion is emphasized. Recognition of the effects of high cardiac output in limiting the quality of extracorporeal perfusion, plus the use of hypothermia to reduce output, are stressed. We have confirmed that perfusion can be accomplished with small quantities of heparin, so that bleeding is reduced, but thrombocytopenia and occasional hemorrhage continue to be persistent problems. PMID- 1117738 TI - Interventricular septal defects from penetrating injuries of the heart: a report of 12 cases and review of the literature. AB - In the past 7 years, 1967 through 1973, 12 patients who had interventricular septal defects from penetrating stab wounds of the thorax were treated at Detroit General Hospital. In 10, the defects were confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Four of the 12 patients were symptomatic and required surgery. Two of these patients had pulmonary-to-system flow ratios less than 2:1. Both these patients had left ventricular dysfunction as a result of coronary artery and myocardial damage from the penetrating trauma to the left ventricle. One of the 4 patients had an injury to the tricuspid valve; this is the first reported case of a traumatic interventricular septal defect associated with a left ventricle-right atrium shunt and tricuspid valve insufficiency. Another patient had a laceration of the left anterior descending coronary artery, in addition to the interventricular septal defect. Ligation of the injured artery resulted in a left ventricular aneurysm. Three patients had "multiple defects" in the muscular septum which proved to be a single interventricular septal defect in which the left to right shunt was divided into multiple jets by the trabeculae carneae of the right ventricle. PMID- 1117739 TI - Distribution of oxygenated blood in experimental perfusion via the femoral and carotid arteries. AB - The efficiency of femoral and carotid artery perfusion was compared in 10 dogs. The purpose of our study was to determine under what conditions the femoral artery can be used to perfuse the upper body satisfactorily during prolonged perfusions. PMID- 1117740 TI - Treatment of intercostal neuralgia with 10 per cent ammonium sulfate. AB - Intercostal nerves were injected with 10 per cent annomium sulfate in 41 patients (52 total sets of injections) for management of intercostal neuralgia from radical mastectomy (six blocks), thoracotomy (20 blocks), or unknown etiology (26 blocks). Five patients failed to return for follow-up evaluation and could not be located. Sixty per cent (28/47) of the treatments produced complete or nearly complete (excellent) relief of pain. Excellent pain relief persisted for more than 20 days after 22 treatments and for more than 90 days after seven treatments. Postblock neuritis never occurred. We conclude that intercostal nerve block with 10 per cent ammonium sulfate effectively relieves intercostal neuralgia and is not associated with postblock neuritis. We therefore believe that ammonium sulfate nerve blocks should be administered for treatment of intercostal neuralgia before phenol or alcohol nerve blocks or a surgical procedure. PMID- 1117741 TI - Nature of deposits in a tubular membrane oxygenator after prolonged extracorporeal circulation: a scanning electron microscope study. AB - Although silicone fibers are among the most compatible with tissue and blood, numerous deposits are observed after their prolonged usage in a capillary membrane oxygenator, even when the blood has been properly heparinized. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) study shows that the morphology of these deposits varies greatly, depending upon the part of the unit from which the sample is taken. The area close to the inlet is the most severely affected. The outlet zone is affected to a lesser degree, and the areas in between are only slightly affected. PMID- 1117742 TI - The action of carbon dioxide on the collateral pathways of pulmonary ventilation. AB - The major collateral ventilatory pathways between the segments of the lobes of the dog are lined with smooth muscle and course from bronchiole to alveolus and from bronchiole to bronchiole. In previous studies, we showed that the channels constricted with metacholine and dilated with epinephrine. Carbon dioxide elevations in the inspired air, as noted in this study, greatly increased the collateral flow, whereas 100 per cent oxygen did not affect it. The greatest dilatation occurred when the inspired carbon dioxide increased from 2.5 to 6 per cent, with little if any further change when increased to 15 per cent. When perfusion of the in situ lung was blocked, or when the lung was excised, carbon dioxide still had a marked bronchodilating effect. This indicates its direct action on smooth muscle. The fact that carbon dioxide acts as a dilator of the collateral channels, independent of neural and humoral influences, confirms its important role in ensuring maximal pulmonary ventilation. PMID- 1117743 TI - Prolonged perfusion with a membrane oxygenator in awake ponies. AB - Prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (PEMO) was performed in 6 adult ponies with the membrane oxygenator in vein-to-artery bypass circuit. A flow rate equal to 46 per cent of control cardiac output was diverted through the PEMO circuit of 10 to 24 hours. Three of the 6 ponies were perfused for at least 20 hours and developed no complications. Immediately following initiation of PEMO, left ventricular output decreased; however, in the interval between 6 and 24 hours, left ventricular output was increased above control levels. Aortic pressure and left ventricular work were markedly elevated during PEMO. Pulmonary ventilation and oxygen uptake also decreased initially but were elevated during later stages of bypass. Pulmonary compliance did not change, except in those studies in which problems were encountered with perfusion techniques. Hepatic glycolysis and hyperglycemia occurred and were more severe in ponies with catheter-produced thrombi. Marked diuresis, which could be attributed only partially to the hyperglycemia, was present throughout PEMO. Based on the minimal morphologic changes observed in the ponies, extracorporeal circulation diverting one half of the cardiac output through a membrane oxygenator can be safely performed for up to 24 hours. PMID- 1117744 TI - Changes in arterial pressure, viscosity and resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Large changes in arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance are frequently observed at the onset of and during cardiopulmonary bypass, particularly when hemodilution is employed. In order to assess the extent to which these changes are induced by changes in blood viscosity, we measured viscosity, pressure, and flow in a series of 17 patients. Hemodilution was used in Group A (12 patients) but not in Group B (5 patients). At the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass, the arteriovenous pressure difference decreased an average of 53.8 per cent in the Group A patients, concomitant with a 41.7 per cent decrease in blood viscosity. The arteriovenous pressure difference in the Group B patients increased an average of 6.4 per cent, while the blood viscosity increased by 8 per cent. A nomogram was theoretically derived for the Group A patients, which allows rapid estimation of the extent of viscosity-induced hypotension for a given volume of priming fluid, initial patient hematocrit, and patient weight. After correction for viscosity changes due to hemodilution, the Group A patients were found to exhibit essentially normal values of systemic vascular resistance at the start of bypass, with a mean of 1,155 dynes-sec./cm.5. On the other hand, the Group B patients had elevated resistance values, with a mean of 1,611 dynes-sec./cm.5. During perfusion, the resistance of both groups tended to increase, sometimes by 100 per cent or more. In some cases, however, the resistance values changed in an erratic fashion. These effects were not due to changes in blood viscosity. PMID- 1117745 TI - Mitral valve replacement with a turtleneck-disc prosthesis. AB - A 5 year experience in 100 patients with a turtleneck-cuff (Magovern) disc valve (Harken) is presented. The prosthesis was inserted into the atrioventricular position by a continuous suture technique. The operative mortality rate was 7 per cent and the late mortality rate, 8 per cent. Age, functional classification, multiple valve replacement, pulmonary hypertension, and reoperation did not influence the operative mortality rate. However, the incidence of late death was much higher among patients in Class IV than in Class III and was also greater when more than one valve was replaced. The incidence of combined early and late thromboembolic complications was 7 per cent. Peribasilar leaks or valve dehiscences were not encountered. PMID- 1117746 TI - Transvenous atrial pacing with a new electrode. AB - The unique concept of an atrioventricular electrode is presented. This transvenous electrode is incorporated into one body and has the mechanical advantages of double fixation and atrial or ventricular sensing or pacing. With the "extension wire principle," it can be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, short- or long-term pacing. The optimal pacemaker setting can be adjusted according to the individual needs of the patient and can easily be converted to a permanent system. This atrioventricular electrode was used for long-term atrial pacing in 4 patients with tachyarrhythmia syndrome. There were no electrode-related complications. Atrial pacing was maintained in all patients. The longest follow-up period was 2 1/2 years. PMID- 1117747 TI - Tricuspid atresia with christmas disease (hemophilia B). Report of a case. AB - A case combining Christmas disease and tricuspid atresia is presented. A severe coagulation defect in a hypoxic, polycythemic patient poses an added grave risk to major surgery. In the presence of marked and worsening symptoms, however, major surgery can be performed in these difficult cases. Close liason with a skilled hematology department is essential. Minimal tissue dissection is advised, and the usefulness of a reversed saphenous vein conduit is described. PMID- 1117748 TI - Macroscopic enzyme-mapping verification of large, homogeneous, experimental myocardial infarcts of predictable size and location in dogs. AB - Difficulty is frequently experienced in producing a large homogeneous myocardial infarct in the dog heart because of the extensive network of coronary anastomoses. This problem may be overcome by combining the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery with agar injection into the distal coronary vasculature to obliterate anastomotic channels. All infarcts produced in this manner occupied a constant area in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. From our results in 25 dogs, the individual infarct averaged 12.3 Gm. in weight (range 9.4 to 13.5), representing 25 to 30 per cent of the total left ventricular muscle mass. The homogeneity of the infarct was verified by a simple, macroscopic enzyme mapping technique based on the inability of the ischemic (dehydrogenase deficient) myocardium to reduce triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and by detailed histologic studies. Apart from providing ample raw material for comprehensive morphologic, chemical, histochemical, and radioisotopic analyses, a large myocardial infarct also serves as a useful experimental model for various physiological and hemodynamic studies of cardiogenic shock and left ventricular akinesis. PMID- 1117749 TI - Internodal conduction. Immediate and long-term effects of transverse circular incision of right atrium including atrial septum. AB - Immediate and long-term effects of a transverse circular incision of the entire right atrium, including the atrial septum, on internodal conduction were studied in 7 dogs. Electrocardiograms were followed up to 35 weeks, and the atrial epicardial excitation sequence was evaluated in all 7 dogs. The findings were compared with data from 3 normal dogs and 3 other dogs which underwent total atrial transverse incisions. All dogs with total atrial separation developed complete atrioventricular (A-V) block immediately after the operation and died within 3 days. All dogs with right atrial interruption exhibited persistent sinus rhythm with slight extension of P-R intervals and a normal QRS immediately after the operation. The mean P-R interval reached its maximum at the fourth day (50 per cent increase), remained prolonged through the first week, but returned to near control valves after 12 weeks. Three days later developed transient arrhythmia; sinus arrhythmia; sinus arrhythmia in 2 dogs and second-degree block in 1 appeared between the tenth and fourteenth postoperative days. Postoperative P vectors migrated toward the left. Atrial excitation sequence studies demonstrated prolongation of atrial epicardial conduction intervals (2.3 times) between the sinus node and distal right atrial wall. The presence of an interatrial conduction mechanism (whether by specific pathways or not), through which sinus node excitation was transmitted to the A-V node was demonstrated. PMID- 1117750 TI - Surgical management for acute coronary insufficiency with three year's follow-up. AB - In this report, acute coronary sufficiency is defined as unstable angina requiring narcotics for relief and an unstable electrocardiogram with or without transient mild enzyme elevations. Forty-five consecutive patients with this syndrome underwent coronary artery grafting with the saphenous vein within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. They were followed for 3 years. There was an 8.8 per cent operative mortality rate. One long-term survivor sustained a fatal myocardial infarction 18 months postoperatively. One nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred 6 weeks postoperatively. Therefore, the 3 year cumulative mortality rate was 11 per cent and the 3 year myocardial infarction rate was 4 per cent. Thirty-eight patients are in Class I clinical status, 1 is in Class II, and 1 is in Class III. PMID- 1117751 TI - The profile and surgical management of mitral stenosis in young patients. AB - Mitral stenosis in the younger age groups in India is a unique condition characterized by a short duration and a rapid progression of symptoms. The majority of patients with this lesion develop pulmonary hypertension at an accelerated pace, and about one third have associated congestive failure and functional tricuspid regurgitation. Five hundred consecutive patients with this condition were treated surgically, 493 with a closed valvotomy. The over-all hospital mortality rate of 5.8 per cent was related to the severity of the preoperative functional status. In the last 150 cases, the figure dropped to 2 per cent. Assessment during the first 5 years after surgery revealed an excellent functional status in 85 per cent. The incidence of restenosis was only 3.4 per cent in the first 5 year period and 11 per cent in a subsequent 6 to 10 year follow-up period. Twenty of the 21 subjects with restenosis had an excellent functional result following closed transventricular valvotomy, and this status has been maintained during the follow-up period. To our knowledge, there are no other reports of long-term follow-up data in young patients undergoing surgical treatment for mitral stenosis. PMID- 1117752 TI - The effect of different methods of protecting the myocardium on lysosomal activation and acid phosphatase activity in the dog heart after one hour of cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the involvement of cardiac lyososomes in injury to the myocardium after cardiopulmonary bypass. Twenty conditioned mongrel dogs, weighing 15 to 18 kilograms, were fasted overnight, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg. per kilogram), intubated, and maintained on positive-pressure ventilation. The femoral artery and femoral vein were cannulated for pressure measurements. After median sternotomy, intravenous heparin was administered (3 mg. per kilogram) before the aorta and the superior and inferior venae cavae were cannulated for bypass. Bypass was instituted with a Travenol modular pump and a Bentley pediatric bubble oxygenator and heat exchanger. The ultrastructural effects on the myocardium and the acid phosphatase activity in the left ventricle were compared in dogs exposed to bypass for 1 hour with varying types of myocardial support: perfusion of the coronary arteries, normothermic ischemic arrest, or selective cardiac hypothermia. The morphology of control hearts and hearts fixed after 1 hour of coronary perfusion were similar. The distribution and structure of subcellular lysosomes were the same and showed identical patterns of acid phosphatase activity. Normothermic ischemic arrest was associated with a loss of glycogen stores, disrupted sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules, vacuolization and decrease in matrix density of mitochondria, and separation of the intercalated discs. Lysosomal activity was absent except for occasional residual bodies in the nuclear pole zone of the myocardial cells. Selective cardiac hypothermia produced results superior to those from normothermic ischemic arrest. Although these hearts showed proliferation of the lysosomal compartment, the organelles responsible for excitation-contraction coupling were spared. PMID- 1117753 TI - Editorial: Do prosthetic heart valves really make clots? PMID- 1117754 TI - Stimulation tests for diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - We compared the maximal calcitonin secretion produced by pentagastrin, calcium, and glucagon for preoperative detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma in four subjects with normal or slightly increased plasma immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) levels. In each case, pentagastrin administration produced higher peak iCT levels (5- to 36-fold increases over basal) than did calcium infusion (by 1.9- to 10.3 fold) and glucagon administration (by 3.6- to 27.4-fold). These preliminary studies suggest that pentagastrin is an effective agent for use in rapid stimulation tests designed to detectmedullary thyroid carcinoma in asymptomatic patients who have normal basal iCT concentrations. PMID- 1117755 TI - Summated auditory evoked potentials in the cerebellum and inferior colliculus in the young rat. AB - The summated auditory evoked responses recorded at the superior surface and depth of the cerebellum of the young rat had a similar latency and configuration as did summated auditory evoked potentials in the inferior colliculus. Electric stimulation of the inferior colliculus did not evoke a response (other than the shock-artifact response) at the cerebellum. Stimulation of the cerebellum did not modify the evoked responses to click in the inferior colliculus (unless current levels were large enough to cause current spread to the brain stem). There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the cerebellum has an auditory receiving area in the young rat. PMID- 1117756 TI - Fluttering of atrioventricular valves in patients with d-transposition of the great arteries after Mustard operation: an echographic observation. AB - Postoperative echocardiograms were obtained in conjunction with cardiac catheterization in 14 patients with d-transposition of the great arteries who had undergone the Mustard operation. All 14 patients had atrioventricular valve fluttering demonstrated echographically, although the degree and type of fluttering of both valves varied in each patient. Significant tricuspid valve fluttering was not demonstrated in two patients. Atrioventricular valve fluttering was not related to any one hemodynamic residual. The study suggests that atrioventricular valve fluttering was related to the relatively restrictive atrial tunnel, resulting in turbulent blood flow across these valves. Two patients with d-transposition of the great arteries who underwent repair by the Rastelli operation (without an intra-atrial baffle) did not have atrioventricular valve fluttering. PMID- 1117757 TI - Thyroid radioiodine uptakes and scans in euthyroid patients. AB - A substantial increase in the dietary iodide intake in many communities has caused a major increase in the total iodide pool in the body and a consequent decrease in the normal thyroid radioiodine uptake. Because of the pronounced regional variations in iodide supplementation of food, and because the effects of this additional dietary intake on radioiodine uptake are so large, a redefinition of the normal range of thyroid radioiodine uptake values in patients seen at this institution was thought to be indicated. The results of 6-hour and 24-hour thyroid radioiodine uptake studies in 44 euthyroid subjects, with scan data on the 20 who were studied with 123-I, are consistent with other reports indicating that the current normal thyroid radioiodine uptake values are lower than those accepted several years ago. PMID- 1117758 TI - Changes in plasma renin substrate, plasma and renal renin, and plasma osmolarity during glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rabbits. AB - Seven groups of rabbits were studied before or at various intervals after the subcutaneous administration of 50 percent glycerol in isotonic saline (14 ml/kg). A sharp increase in plasma crystalloid osmolarity, due to glycerol reabsorption from the subcutaneous tissue, was detected at 1.5 and 6 hours and was maximal between 12 and 20 hours. Plasma renin activity did not change at 1.5 hours, but it was significantly elevated at 6 hours and maximally increased between 12 and 20 hours. The increase of plasma crystalloid osmolarity might contribute to renin release in this experimental model. Changes in renal renin levels after the administration of glycerol were not significant, although lower renal renin values were consistently found in rabbits with more severe impairment of renal function. Plasma renin substrate increased later than plasma renin activity (20 hours) and remained high after plasma renin activity had returned to normal (48 hours). The increase of plasma renin substrate was interpreted as mainly due to the impairment of renal function, since a positive correlation was found between plasma creatinine and plasma renin substrate. PMID- 1117759 TI - Influence of primary bile acid feeding on cholesterol metabolism and hepatic function in the rhesus monkey. AB - In three healthy rhesus monkeys fed chenodeoxycholic (chenic) acid, there was no consistent increase in the total exchangeable cholesterol pool or input to the cholesterol pool. In three similar monkeys fed cholic acid, the total exchangeable pool increased in all animals and input to the cholesterol pool increased in two. Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increased transiently in two animals in each group. Morphologic abnormalities (triaditis with atypical ductular proliferation) were noted in one animal; this animal was ingesting chenic acid but had normal liver test results at the time of biopsy. Biliary bile acids contained 8 to 14 percent lithocholic acid in the chenic acid group and 48 to 72 percent deoxycholic acid in the cholic acid group. PMID- 1117760 TI - An unusual compressive syndrome of the cauda equina. AB - An unusual case of a capillary hemangioma of the filum terminale is presented. The successful removal returned the patient to an asymptomatic state. PMID- 1117761 TI - Nitrogen metabolism in bears: urea metabolism in summer starvation and in winter sleep and role of urinary bladder in water and nitrogen conservation. AB - Three bears were studied under conditions of (1) no food but access to water for 2 weeks and (2) no food or water for 3 weeks. During starvation in summer, the bears could not inhibit the net production of urea but used lean body mass; when denied access to water as well, the bears became dehydrated and azotemic. Urea was continuously formed and degraded in the winter. Arginase activity in liver increased in winter sleep; hepatic steatosis and inflammatory reactions were also noted. The urinary bladder readsorbed labeled urea and D20 in winter; the rate of absorption of urea was equal to the rate of excretion of it into the bladder. The ability to preserve lean body mass during winter sleep apparently is a special mechanism associated with the induction of winter sleep. Bears cannot duplicate this feat during summertime starvation. In winter sleep, urea is formed and degraded but the nitrogen produced is conserved in some manner that maintains the total nitrogen pool constant. The urinary bladder plays a central role in maintaining the state of winter sleep by absorbing water and solute at a rate equal to their entry into the urinary bladder. PMID- 1117762 TI - Pancreatography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - Until recently the pancreas was regarded as one of the most diagnostically unapproachable organs. Tests of function were for the most part indirect, and results tended to be misleading. Endoscopic pancreatography has proved useful in the investigation of diseases of the pancreas and the biliary tree, and has become routine in several gastroenterology centers around the world. Experience with the procedure in patients with suspected carcinoma of the pancreas is reviewed. PMID- 1117763 TI - Role of liver scanning in the diagnosis of hepatic metastases. AB - Liver scanning is quite useful in detecting metastases, particularly when none are suspected clinically, and obviates the need for more elaborate and expensive examinations in about half the cases in the series analyzed here. PMID- 1117764 TI - Diagnostic approaches in metastatic lung disease. AB - Procedures such as bronchoscopy, bronchial brushing, pleural needle biopsy, mediastinoscopy, and percutaneous aspiration and trephine needle biopsy afford the specialist in pulmonary medicine a wide diagnostic armamentarium and considerable flexibility in the diagnostic management of patients with metastatic lung disease. PMID- 1117765 TI - Current philosophy in treatment of primary cancer of the breast. AB - In response to widespread public and professional controversy over the treatment of primary carcinoma of the breast, an attempt is made to assemble a series of facts that most authorities will agree on, to evaluate the threads of consistency that run through most clinical studies, to develop an overall conceptualization of the disease process, and to place these in the context of contemporary medical management and societal attitudes. PMID- 1117766 TI - Changinc concepts in malignant melanoma. AB - Melanoma currently offers challenges to the medical profession. Opportunities for early detection, development of rational immunotherapy, and gains in curability are unparalled because of the recently defined aspects of early recognition, its cutaneous location, the long periods of superficial lateral growth, the increasing incidence, and the many fascinating immunologic aspects of melanoma. PMID- 1117767 TI - Changing epidemiology of lung cancer. Increasing incidence in women. AB - Recent worldwide reports show a large increase in the incidence of lung cancer in both men and women. To detail changes in the epidemiology of lung cancer relating to the incidence in men and women, we reviewed the patterns of diagnosis of 1145 patients with lung cancer seen at the Lahey Clinic between 1956 and 1972, during which time the proportion of all men and women seen was unchanged. The total number of women with lung cancer increased greatly and has almost doubled during this period. Lung cancer in women is now increasing at a faster rate than in men so that the male to female incidence has decreased from 6.8/1 (1957 to 1960) to 2.4/1 (1969 to 1972). We reviewed in detail the case histories and pathology of 231 women with lung cancer. No significant change was evident in cell type distribution during the study years. The most frequently seen tumors in women were adenocarcinoma (31 per cent), undifferentiated large cell cancer (22 per cent), epidermoid carcinoma (16 per cent), and undifferentiated small cell carcinoma (12 per cent). Among those women with known smoking histories, the group most responsible for the recent increase in women with lung cancer was comprised of smoking women in whom Kreyberg group 1 (smoking-related) tumors developed. PMID- 1117768 TI - Immunologic approach to cancer therapy. AB - The resistance that many cancer patients show to the progress of their disease, attested to by well documented cases of spontaneous regressions as in neuroblastoma, hypernephroma, choriocarcinoma and malignant melanoma, and the long-term dormancy of multiple metastases seen particularly after removal of a primary mass, can be explained only by host defense mechanisms. Attemps at immunotherapy over the years are reviewed and new directions are presented. PMID- 1117769 TI - Growth kinetics of solid tumors. Implications for chemotherapy. AB - More precise definition of the cytokinetic parameters of human tumor growth will clearly help both in predicting the outcome of disease in individual patients and in planning the dosage schedules of single chemotherapeutic agents and combinations of agents to achieve optimal results. PMID- 1117770 TI - Recent thoughts on the development of colorectal cancer. AB - Considerable evidence demonstrates that a relationship may exist between adenomatous polyps and carcinoma. While the evidence may be circumstantial, it is not unimpressive. A recently completed 18 year follow-up of patients with benign polyps initially fulgurated demonstrates a statistically significant higher incidence of the development in colorectal carcinoma in these patients than in the unaffected population. PMID- 1117771 TI - Management of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - These diseases of the lymphoreticular system with neoplastic alteration of the involved tissues represent different entities and show marked variability in their clinical manifestations, pathologic behavior, prognosis, and response to treatment. New diagnostic, histopathologic, and therapeutic concepts in the past decade have led to significant advances in the care and management of these patients, particularly those with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1117772 TI - Hypercalcemia and malignant disease. AB - Virtually any malignancy may lead to hypercalcemia, but carcinoma of the breast, myeloma, and carcinoma of the lung are especially frequent offenders. A more difficult diagnostic problem is posed by the "silent" tumor which secretes a substance causing hypercalcemia. Foremost in this category are bronchogenic carcimona and hypernephroma. PMID- 1117773 TI - Fluid and electrolyte problems in patients with advanced carcinoma. AB - Brief outlines of these problems serve to suggest some etiologic factors in their production. The patient seldom presents with a single or simple cause or solution. The body reacts with compensations or side effects, and suffers complications and mixed disorders -- all of which probabilities must be investigated and appreciated before rational therapy can be initiated. PMID- 1117774 TI - Cancer of the thyroid. AB - These relatively infrequent tumors intrigue both clinican and researcher. Each histologic type posesses its own distinctive natural history, controversy surrounds therapeutic programs, and prognosis is influenced by multiple factors, varying from a fatal outcome within a few months to a nearly normal life expectancy. Since fatalities do occur in patients with well differentiated cancers, a more aggressive approach to all thyroid nodules would improve current survival rates. PMID- 1117775 TI - Neurosurgical treatment of pain caused by cancer. AB - While pain can be a most useful symptom, it becomes a problem requiring attention when it causes or increases the patient's anxiety, prevents sleep, or starts the patient on a vicious cycle of increasing doses of narcotics with concomitant depression, anorexia, and lethargy. Various surgical modalities and their indications are discussed. PMID- 1117776 TI - Indications for neurosurgical intervention in metastatic lesions of the central nervous system. AB - The broad spectrum between highly malignant metastatic tumors and more favorable, slow-growing, even solitary lesions makes it impossible to establish rigid criteria for deciding whether to operate on a metastatic lesion. The major objective is to prolong life and function without adding to the patient's pain or discomfort. PMID- 1117777 TI - Infections in the immunosuppressed patient. AB - Infections in the immunosuppressed cancer patient are caused by a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa; many of these in the normal individual are saprophytes but will cause disease in the immunosuppressed patient, often with treatment failure. Patterns of infection are recognized, and this should enable the physician to plan a meaningful course of action when infection occurs in the compromised host. Obviously, it would be much better to prevent rather than have to treat infection in these immunosuppressed patients. Ideally, in the future, it is hoped that drugs which have less suppressive effect on defense mechanisms will provide a partial solution to the problem of infection in the immunosuppressed patient. PMID- 1117778 TI - [Effect of phenanthrolines and their derivatives on the growth of various pathogenic microorganisms]. PMID- 1117779 TI - [Effect of some iodopolymers on selected microbial strains]. PMID- 1117780 TI - [A modified dry TCBS medium for the diagnosis of cholera]. PMID- 1117782 TI - [Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic separation of cell proteins in the differentiation of Mycoplasma strins]. PMID- 1117781 TI - [Specificity of passive hemagglutination test in the serological diagnosis of urinary tract infections. II. the CA-Kunin component in Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from urine of children with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1117783 TI - [Role of lungs in the kinetics of intravenously transplanted lymphocytes in rats. I. Arrest and release of lymphocytes in the perfused lung]. PMID- 1117784 TI - [Role of lungs in the kinetics of intravenously transplanted lymphocytes in rat. II. Organ distribution in the living animal]. PMID- 1117785 TI - [Effect of antimitotic agents on guinea pig peripheral blood leukocytes]. PMID- 1117786 TI - [Reflections on certificates and other things]. PMID- 1117787 TI - [Child abuse]. PMID- 1117788 TI - [Abortion investigation--abortion information. Experiences of a simple method for abortion investigations in Umea]. PMID- 1117789 TI - [On call at regional hospitals during inconvenient working hours]. PMID- 1117790 TI - [Coronary vessel surgery in acute infarct--impressions from 7th world congress of cardiology]. PMID- 1117791 TI - [Pacemaker implantation in Skaraborg County 1968-74]. PMID- 1117792 TI - [Treatment requirements in an intensive care department]. PMID- 1117793 TI - [Control of color additives in food]. PMID- 1117794 TI - [Hygienic limits of exposure levels]. PMID- 1117795 TI - [Current problems in occupational safety in the USA]. PMID- 1117796 TI - [Kidney stone--a complication caused by intestinal shunt in treatment of obesity]. PMID- 1117797 TI - [Muscle metabolism during work in 11-16 years old boys]. PMID- 1117798 TI - [Girl swimmers then and later--a longitudinal study of young girls undergoing hard training]. PMID- 1117799 TI - [Interferon, a substance which does what you want it to do]. PMID- 1117800 TI - Effects of administration of hypolipidemic agent, 2,2'''- [ (1-methyl-4, 4 diphenylbutylidene) bis (p-phenyleneoxy)] bistriethylamine oxalate (SQ 10,591) upon cholesterol esterification by aorta, adrenal, and testes of cholesterol-fed rabbits]. AB - Administration of 2,2'''-([1-methyl-4, 4-diphenylbutylidene] bis(p-phenyl eneoxy]) bistriethylamine oxalate (SQ 10,591) at 20 mg/Kg daily for 5 days to cholesterol-fed rabbits resulted in no change in aortic microsomal cholesterol esterification with a palmitoyl coenzyme A substrate or of aortic mitochondrial cholesterol esterification with a palmitate substrate. Esterification by both reactions in the adrenal was much higher than in either aorta or testes. Adrenal and testicular mitochondrial esterification and testicular microsomal esterification were inhibited significantly after SQ 10,591 administration. In vitro addition of 0.0001 M SQ 10,591 significantly inhibited both microsomal and mitochondrial cholesterol esterification in aorta, adrenal, and testes. PMID- 1117801 TI - Lipid and fatty acid composition of testes of quaking mice. AB - Testes of quaking mice (sterile mutants) and of controls were analyzed for major lipid classes and fatty acid composition. Of the main lipid classes, only cholesterol esters differed significantly in concentration between the two groups (1.01 for quakers vs 0.69 mg/g wet wt of tissue for controls). The concentration of triglycerides was 4.5-5.0 that of total phosphatides 18-19 and that of free cholesterol 1.9-2.0 mg/g for mutants and controls. The concentrations of phosphatidyl ethanolmanine and of sphingomyelin were both lower in quaking than in normal mice, but only the change in the former was statistically significant. Phosphatidyl choline was the major phosphatide (43-45% of total phosphatides) followed by phosphatidyl ethanolamine (24-26%) and sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl inositol (all ca. 7% of total phosphatides). Minor differences between the mutants and controls were observed in concentrations of fatty acids of major lipid classes. The mutants, sterile because of faulty spermatid differentiation, had normal quantities of 22:6 w3 and 22:5 w6. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the 22-carbon polyenes are associated with the formation of spermatids, rather than with their final differentiation into spermatozoa. PMID- 1117802 TI - Separation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by argentation thin layer chromatography. AB - A single step, silver nitrate thin layer chromatographic procedure which separates a methyl ester mixture containing 0-6 double bonds is described. Purity of each ester recovered from the silver nitrate plate was 98-99%. Recovery of the esters ranged from 100% for saturates to 77% for pentaenes. PMID- 1117803 TI - Simple, rapid method for detecting phase transititons of lipids. AB - A simple rapid method was worked out for studying the physical and structural state of lipids by measuring the refractive indices of a layered lipid film. Melting processes of n-paraffins and phase transitions of phospholipids and the lecithin-cholesterol system also can be followed as a function of temperature. In accordance with data from the relevant literature, the measured refractive indices show that cholesterol lowers the phase transition temperature of lecithin. By isorefraction curves, the most ordered structure of the layers is indicated to occur at the equimolar ratio of cholesterol and lecithin. The method may be applied to study the effect of lipid-soluble agents upon lipid structure and is applicable for routine investigations and industrial purposes as well. PMID- 1117804 TI - Hydrocarbons from males, females, and larvae of pecan weevil: Curculio caryae (Horn). AB - As part of a program to identify as many as possible of the components of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), the hydrocarbons from males, females, and larvae were isolated by solvent extraction and column chromatography and subjected to gas lipuid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. n-Alkanes from C14-C32 in the larvae and unsaturated and branched chain hydrocarbons from C20 C32 in males and females were found. There are no significant differences between the hydrocarbons of the male and female pecan weevils. PMID- 1117805 TI - Effect of dietary linolenic and linoleic acids upon growth and lipid metabolism of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - Nine diets, each containing different levels of linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6) and linolenic (18:3 omega 3) were fed to duplicate groups of rainbow trout for 14 weeks. The growth rate, feed efficiency, accumulated mortality, and fatty acid composition of neutral fat and phospholipids of these groups of fish were determined. The growth was slow in the groups of fish receiving diets containing (A) low concentration of 18:3 omega 3and (B) high concentration (5%) of 18:2 omega 6. The accumulated mortality was high in these groups of fish. The diet containing 1% of 18:3 omega 3 alone supported rapid fish growth with low mortality . The feed efficiency of this diet was also high. The metabolism of 18:2 omega 6 and 18:3 omega 3 in fish and their conversion to more unsaturated fatty acids typical of fish lipids was investigated. PMID- 1117806 TI - Nature of alkanes in beef heart lipids. AB - n-Alkanes have been found to be the major saturated hydrocarbon components in the fatty tissues on beef heart. These alkanes consist of a homologous series C14 C35, with the C29 and C31 n-alkanes being most abundant. C16, C19, and C20 isoprenoid alkanes also were identified. A C17 isoprenoid alkane tentatively was identified. The fatty tissues on beef heart contained 32 mug/g saturated hydrocarbons. The distribution pattern of these saturated hydrocarbons is in marked contrast to the alkane distribution in beef liver where branched and cyclic alkanes are predominant. The enrichment and the similarity of the n-alkane distribution in the fatty tissues on heart and in pasture plants may have implications for the physiological aspects of hydrocarbons in the diet. PMID- 1117807 TI - Studies of lipid class and fatty acid profiles of rat mammary tumors induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. AB - The lipid class and fatty acid composition profiles of mammary glands of female rats fed a nutritionally adequate diet are compared to those of tumors induced in the mammary glands by intravenous injection of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene of animals fed the same diet. Ca. 95% of the lipids of the mammary glands of the control group of animals consisted of triglycerides; glycolipids and phospholipids were present in only minor amounts. In contrast, the lipids of the mammary tumors contained much lower amounts of neutral lipids and higher concentrations of phospholipids. The glycolipid fraction was a minor component of both tissues but differed greatly in composition. The composition of the phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions, particulary the latter, of the mammary tumors also differed from that of the mammary glands of the control animals. The neutral lipids of the tumor tissues contained elevated levels of free fatty acids and cholesterol and much lower concentrations of triglyceride compared to the mammary gland lipids. Differences also were observed in the fatty acid composition of tumor and mammary gland lipid. The greatest differences occurred in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids which were generally much higher in the tumor lipids. PMID- 1117808 TI - On methylating activity of L-(methyl-14C)-methionine in metabolism of phospholipids by insect Ceratitis capitata. AB - The methylating activity of L-(methyl-14C)-methionine in different stages of developmenent of the insect Ceratitis capitata was studied in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Larval and pharate adult homogenates of the insect were used in the in vitro conditions, and the utilization of the methyl group of methionine for the synthesis of different classes of phospholipids was evaluated. Incorporation of radioactivity in lipids by pharate adult homogenates was significantly higher than that by larval homogenates. In both cases, phosphatidyl ethanolamine showed the highest levels of radioactivity incorporation. Free bases from total lipid hydrolysates were resolved and identified by paper chromatography, and the labeling was investigated by radioactivity scanning of paper chromatograms. Significant differences were observed in the activity of both stages of development of the insect. Larval and pharate adult homogenates incorporated mainly the labeled methyl groups into ethanolamine. Monmethyl ethanolamine was the only methyl derivative that appeared in the hydrolysates of lipids synthesized by larval homogenates, whereas mono-,di-and trimethyl ethanolamine clearly were detected in those synthesized by pharate adult homogeneates. Administration of L-(methyl 14C)-methionine to larvae confirmed the existence of methylation reactions in the metabolic activity of the insect. PMID- 1117809 TI - Sterol metabolism: XXXIII. On derivation of cholesterol 7-alkoxyl ethers. AB - The facile acid-catalyzed conversion of cholest-5-ene-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol (but not of cholest-5-ene-3 beta, 7 beta-diol) in methanol or ethanol solution to the corresponding 7 alpha-methyl or 7 alpha-ethyl ethers and epimerization of the 7 alpha-alkyl ethers to the corresponding 7 beta-alkyl ethers were established. The epimeric cholest-5-ene-3 beta, 7-diols, their 7-methyl ethers, and their 7-ethyl ethers are readily interconverted in acidified solvents, the quasiequatorial 7 beta-epimer predominating in each case. Both 7 alpha- and 7 beta-alkyl ethers may be encountered as artifacts in analyses of sterol mixtures from mamalian tissues. PMID- 1117811 TI - When to suspect and what to do about hemochromatosis. PMID- 1117810 TI - Comparison of lipid composition of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus cells obtained from logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. AB - The total lipids, total neutral lipids, and total phospholipids from Aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus cells cultivated in vitro in a medium containing fetal calf serum were analyzed. The mosquito cells were harvested in the logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. The fatty acid profiles of the lipids showed differences during the aging of the cells but not betweeen species. There was an increase in chain elongation and unsaturation of the fatty acids in the stationary phase when compared with the logarithmic phase of growth. The major components of the fatty acid profiles of the cells were 16:0, 16:1, and 18:1 fatty acids. Few similarities were found between the lipid analysis of the mosquito cells and the growth medium. PMID- 1117812 TI - From the medical examiner's files. PMID- 1117814 TI - How we handle perforated ulcers. PMID- 1117813 TI - Just how good is amoxicillin? PMID- 1117815 TI - Is the worry worth it? PMID- 1117816 TI - Why suicide? PMID- 1117817 TI - Can you really trust your blood gas lab? PMID- 1117818 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 1117819 TI - An alternative to hospitalization for acute RA. PMID- 1117820 TI - Return of the pinworm. PMID- 1117821 TI - New hope in stage IV hepatic coma. PMID- 1117822 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedure. PMID- 1117823 TI - Dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. PMID- 1117824 TI - What to expect in cancer of the pancreas. PMID- 1117825 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 1117826 TI - How to recognize a suicidal patient. PMID- 1117827 TI - A surgeon's diary of his visit to China. PMID- 1117828 TI - From the medical examiner's files. PMID- 1117829 TI - Right to prescribe at issue in proposed "MAC" regulations. PMID- 1117830 TI - Malpractice decisions you should know about. PMID- 1117831 TI - Papillary muscle rupture. PMID- 1117832 TI - Ventricular septal defect. PMID- 1117833 TI - The anatomy of female gonorrhea. PMID- 1117834 TI - Wilson's disease. Clinical and laboratory maniestations in 40 patients. PMID- 1117835 TI - Aplastic anemia following viral hepatitis: report of two fatal cases and literature review. AB - Within recent years the combination of aplastic anemia following viral hepatitis has been reported with increasing frequency suggesting the existence of a causal relationship between the two conditions. Two case histories of aplastic anemia following hepatitis are presented in detail, and the information on 193 such patients reported in the literature through 1972 is summarized. A number of parameters were evaluated and extensive cross correlation carried out in order to define criteria which might have diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic value. Males were more likely to develop bone marrow failure following hepatitis (p congruent to 0.05), but females were less likely to survive the marrow depression (p smaller than 0.025). No other statistically identifiable criteria were detected. The hematologic changes commonly encountered in hepatitis are reviewed. These and other observations support the concept that subclinical hepatitis may be responsible for a significant percentage of so-called idiopathic aplastic anemia, for which, at present, no etiology can be determined in nearly half the cases. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed as they might relate to chromosomal abnormalities which were found in one of our patients. It is suggested that occasional fortuitious human infection with animal viruses known to be both hepato- and myelotoxic could relate the hepatitis and aplasia. PMID- 1117836 TI - Mucosal neuroma, pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3. AB - 1. Three members of a kindred and a fourth unrelated individual demonstrating the syndrome of mucosal neuroma, bumpy lips, marfanoid habitus, medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma are reported, and the literature pertaining to this syndrome has been reviewed. 2. There are currently 41 definite and 16 additional probable reported cases manifesting the syndrome of mucosal neuroma, bumpy lips, pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Mucosal neuroma was present in all patients. Medullary thyroid carcinoma was histologically proved in 38 cases. Pheochromocytoma was documented in 19 patients with a probable diagnois in another 4 patients. Only one patient was noted to have hypercalcemia associated with parathyroid adenoma. Associated abnormalities seen in this syndrome include hypertrophied corneal nerves, skeletal defects and gastrointestinal tract abnormalities. 3. The relationship of this syndrome to other types of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes and the phakomatoses is also discussed. This syndrome appears to be distinct from the entity of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. We suggest that this syndrome be called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3, following the classification originally proposed by Steiner et al. 4. MEN type 3 appears to be inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder. Many apparently non-familial cases have been reported, but due to inadequate information regarding family history it may be possible that some of these cases also had other affected family members. 5. This syndrome most likely results from a dysplasia of neuroectodermal tissue. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is discussed and evidence supporting the hypothesis is reviewed. 6. The importance of diagnosing the syndrome at an early stage and of investigating the relatives of a patient manifesting this potentially fatal syndrome are stressed. 7. Plasma calcitonin measurement following calcium infusion is extremely useful as a screening procedure for the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma, when the patients are completely asymptomatic and routine thyroid function tests are normal. Affected individuals should also be periodically screened for the development of pheochromocytoma. PMID- 1117837 TI - The starved kidney: a defect in renal concentrating ability. AB - The renal tubular responsiveness to antidiuretic hormone was assessed in seven obese patients during starvation and feeding by an overnight dehydration test followed by exogenous vasopressin. All seven subjects showed a mean reduction of one-third in their maximum urinary osmolality on day 4 of starvation. Thes- data show that the renal tubule is partially insensitive to antidiuretic hormone at a time when it is also insensitive to mineralocorticoids.?Author PMID- 1117838 TI - The metabolic balance technique: a critical reappraisal. AB - Twenty-six metabolic balance studies (MBS) of Ca, Mg, and P have been conducted in 11 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and in 4 patients suffering from Paget's disease of bone. Subjects were given a liquid formula diet (LFD) matched as closely as possible to the patient's home diet. Studies lasted for 25 days, separated into 5-day periods by a carmine marker combines with Cr2O3 as continuous fecal marker. The balance studies were combined with a tracer technique using 47Ca to detect a possible loss of Ca by perspiration. The reliability of analytical methods necessary for mineral balances was tested. In 22 of the 26 MBS a steady state (SS) reflecting the patient's regular living conditions was demonstrated, while a non-SS situation possibly due to changes of physical activity was seen in four instances. The overall precision and accuracy of this balance method for Ca and P was found to be better than plus or minus 50 mg/day after four periods and plus or minus 40 mg/day after five periods, as related to an average daily intake of 920 mg Ca and 1230 mg P. For Mg (intake 190 mg/day), a precision of plus or minus 10 mg/day was recorded. The dermal loss of Ca was found to be less than 20 mg/day. As shown for Ca, Mg and P, the precision of a balance study is only little enhanced when the investigation is continued for more than four periods. At the present time is not possible to predict non-SS situations before starting such a study but a simple formula is proposed to detect those which were not performed under SS conditions. PMID- 1117839 TI - Uric acid kinetic studies in the immediate post-myocardial-infarction period. AB - The etiology of hyperuricemia following myocardial infarction was investigated by uric acid kinetic studies carried out on seven male patients following myocardial infarction and on two control subjects. The patients selected had uncomplicated myocardial infarction and were maintained on a low-purine diet. Measurements of uric acid pool size and turnover rates using 2-C14 uric acid were made, commencing on days 2-5 following myocardial infarction. Initial concentration of serum uric acid ranged from 2.9 to 9.8 mg/100 ml. Uric acid pool size was elevated in six of seven patients. Five had a pool size of from 36.9 to 79.6 mg/kg, while the single gouty subject demonstrated 104 mg/kg compared with 12.6 and 16.8 mg/kg for the control subjects. Turnover rates were also increased, ranging from 1036 to 2772 mg/day (controls, 612 and 872 mg/day). Twenty-four-hour urine uric acid excretions ranged from 358 to 623 mg/24 hr. Serum lactic acid concentration was normal (1.03 plus or minus 0.17 muM/ml), and endogenous creatinine clearance in all cases was 77.9 ml/min or greater. These data suggest that following myocardial infarction there is an expansion of the uric acid pool with an increased uric acid turnover rate. Only the patient with a previous history of gout had uric acid excretion outside the normal range. PMID- 1117840 TI - Lipid metabolism in pregnancy. II. Postheparin lipolytic acitivity and hypertriglyceridemia in the pregnant rat. AB - Plasma postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) has been measured in rat pregnancy to qualitatively assess mechanisms of triglyceride removal from the circulation. This assessment can be made if the larger plasma volume of pregnancy is considered. A supramaximal dose of heparin avoids dilution of the heparin stimulus to PHLA release. Dilution of the released PHLA is corrected using measurements of plasma volume. In addition, no evidence of circulating inhibitors is present, and timing of PHLA appearance is unaffected by pregnancy. Prior studies of postheparin lipolytic activity in human pregnancy have not taken the effect of plasma volume into account and must therefore be reconsidered in light of the present results. We observed a biphasic pattern in PHLA over the course of gestation. Levels were increased in midgestation (day 12), declined to normal by day 19, and fell rapidly to one-half of control by day 21. Assuming a functional role for the triglyceride lipases represented in PHLA, the data suggest the following hypothesis: triglyceride removal is increased or normal for the greater part of gestation and is decreased only at term. If this hypothesis proves true, the hypertriglyceridemia of pregnancy should be due largely to overproduction, with decreased removal contributing only near term. PMID- 1117841 TI - Metabolic effects of increased caloric intake in man. AB - In order to determine if increased caloric intake could be responsible for the insulin resistance and elevated plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels commonly associated with obesity, hypercaloric diets were fed for 3 wk to eight normal subjects, and the metabolic consequences of this diet were assessed before significant weight gain had occurred. One wk of increased caloric intake led to statistically significant increases in fasting plasma insulin (22 per cent), glucose (5 per cent), and triglyceride (30 per cent) levels, as well as an increased insulin response (20 per cent) to oral glucose. Since the average weight gain during this period was only 1.6 kg, the observed changes appear to be secondary to increased caloric consumption, not obesity. Most of these changes returned toward baseline values during the succeeding 2 wk of increased caloric intake, but statistically significant elevations of fasting plasma glucose (10 per cent), insulin (8 per cent) and cholesterol (15 per cent) levels were still seen at the end of the hypercaloric dietary period. On the other hand, insulin resistance, as estimated by direct measurement of insulin responsiveness, did not change as a result of 3 wk of increased caloric intake. These results indicate that acute increases in caloric intake can lead to elevated plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. These changes occurred before significant weight gain had taken place, and raised the possibility that at least some of the abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism attributed to obesity may be due to increased caloric intake. However, this conclusion would not seem to apply to the insulin resistance associated with obesity, as 3 wk of increased caloric intake did not produce any change in the responsiveness of these subjects to insulin's action. PMID- 1117842 TI - The effects of acute and chronic dexamethasone administration on insulin binding to isolated rat hepatocytes and adipocytes. AB - In an effort to determine the possible relationship between changes in insulin receptor binding and the glucocorticoid-induced insulin-resistant state, we studied insulin binding to specific receptors located on isolated adipocytes and hepatocytes obtained from dexamethasone (D)-treated rats. Three groups of D treated rats were studied: (1) acute high-dose treatment (1.5 mg/kg/6 days), (2) acute low-dose treatment (0.125 mg/kg/6 days), and (3) chronic low-dose treatment (0.125 mg/kg/21 days). When insulin binding to isolated hepatocytes was studied, we found that binding to isolated hepatocytes was studied, we found that binding was only 30%-50% of control values when cells from the D-treated animals were used. This decrease in binding was greatest for cells from the acute high-dose group, indicating a dose-response effect, and least for cells from the chronic group, suggesting a tendency toward return of insulin-receptor binding during chronic treatment. When insulin binding to isolated adipocytes was studied, binding was 50%-60% of control values when cells from both acute D-treated groups were used. While the magnitude of the decrease in insulin binding was not as great as that seen with hepatocytes, the decrease was still greatest using cells from the acute high-dose group as compared to the acute low-dose group. Thus, a dose-response effect was suggested in both tissues. On the other hand, the effects of chronic D treatment on insulin binding were strikingly different in the two cell systems. After chronic D treatment, insulin binding to adipocytes returned to near-normal levels, while a 55% decrease in binding to hepatocytes persisted. Thus, the tendency toward return of insulin binding after chronic D treatment seen with hepatocytes was almost fully expressed by adipocytes. This might be related to the amelioration of the corticosteroid-induced insulin resistant state which has been reported after chronic corticosteroid administration to humans. In conclusion, (1) a decrease in insulin binding is associated with corticosteroid excess, and it is possible that this decreased binding is related to the insulin resistance which results from corticosteroid administration; (2) the return of insulin binding toward normal after chronic D treatment could well be related to the improvement in insulin resistance seen during chronic corticosteroid administration to humans; and (3) the difference in effects of chronic D treatment on insulin binding to hepatocytes versus adipocytes indicates that changes in insulin binding can be tissue specific. PMID- 1117843 TI - Colchicine: effects upon urinary hydroxyproline excretion in patients with scleroderma. AB - Three patients with scleroderma were given intravenous infusions of colchicine (2 4 mg/day) for 3 days. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were assayed for total hydroxyproline (HYPRO), an index of collagen resorption, and for nondialyzable polypeptide HYPRO, an index of collagen synthesis. During the colchicine infusions there was a fall in total urinary HYPRO and a slight increase in the per cent nondialyzalbe HYPRO in each patient. The hydroxylysyl-galactosyl-glucose (HGG) to hydroxylysyl-galactose (HG) ratios were not strikingly different in two samples, with the greastest differences in HYPRO excretion. Our results suggested that total body collagen catabolism had diminished without a concomitant decrease in synthesis. In contrast to provocative reports in the literature, these data do not support the hypothesis that administration of colchicine in doses tolerated in man can either inhibit synthesis of new collagen, increase degradation of mature collagen, or be of use in treatment of fibrotic states. PMID- 1117844 TI - Correlation of serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) with biologic effects of thyroid hormone replacement in propylthiouracil-treated rats. AB - To study the role of T4 to T3 conversion in the biologic action of T4, thyroidectomized, hypothyroid rats were given subcutaneous T4 (0.8 or 1.6 mug/100g/day) with or without intraperitoneal propylthiouracil (PTU) (1 mg/100g/day). Rats were killed after 5, 10, 12, or 15 days of treatment and serum T3 and T4 levels were correlated with serum TSH, liver mitochondrial alphaGPD activity and weight gain. In rats killed at 5 days, PTU treatment resulted in higher serum T4, lower serum T3, and a markedly elevated serum T4:T3 ratio, demonstrating that PTU inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in the rat. Despite higher T4 levels, mean serum TSH was higher in the two groups receiving PTU as well as T4. In rats receiving 0.8 mug T4, growth rate was also slower with concomitant PTU administration. In other groups of rats treated with 0.8 mug T4 for 10 and 15 days, PTU treatment resulted in similar differences in T3, T4, and T4:T3 ratios and serum TSH. At 15 days, rats treated with 0.8 mug T4 mptu had significantly lower alphaGPD activity than rats receiving 0.8 mug T4 alone. PTU treatment had no effect on alphaGPD activity in rats maintained on 0.1 mug T3/100g/day indicating that there was no inhibition of this biologic response to T3 by this agent. PTU without T4 had no significant effect on TSH, weight gain, or alphaGPD activity. In addition, the dialyzable fraction of T3 and T4 in serum was not altered by this agent. These data show that in animals treated with T4, with and without PTU, TSH suppression, alphaGPD activity and growth correlate better with serum T3 concentrations than with serum T4. This suggests that for maximum biologic activity, T4 must be converted to T3. PMID- 1117845 TI - A problem-oriented patient management scheme. PMID- 1117846 TI - General concepts for the creation of a national automated information system for policlinical services. PMID- 1117847 TI - Optical scanning for large-scale studies. PMID- 1117848 TI - Identification and retrieval of personal records from a statistical data bank. PMID- 1117849 TI - Macromolecular transport in the cat mesentery. PMID- 1117850 TI - Effect of isoproterenol on the blood vessels of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 1117851 TI - Effect of fibrinogen on aggregation of red cells and on apparent viscosity of artificial thrombi in haemophilia, myocardial infarction, thyroid disease, cancer and control systems: effect of ABO blood groups. PMID- 1117852 TI - An analog data processor for the dual-slit method of measuring blood flow velocity. PMID- 1117853 TI - Letter to the editor: Movement of protein across the capillary is by perfusion. PMID- 1117854 TI - Platelet aggregability and vessel contraction in microvascular haemostasis. PMID- 1117855 TI - Time course of albumin equilibration in interstitium and lymph of normal mouse lungs. PMID- 1117856 TI - Effect of pial arteriolar constriction on red cell velocity in pial venules and on venular diameter. PMID- 1117857 TI - A theoretical support for the transport of macromolecules by osmotic flow across a leaky membrane against a concentration gradient. PMID- 1117858 TI - Oxygen tension in a capillary-tissue system subject to periodic occlusion. PMID- 1117859 TI - Cutaneous microcirculatory responses to insulin administration in the fasted normal rabbit, with special regard to peripheral circulating leukocytes. PMID- 1117860 TI - The quantitative relationships between fenestrae in jejunal capillaries and connective tissue channels: proof of "tunnel-capillaries". PMID- 1117861 TI - The structure and quantitation of catecholamines covalently bound to glass beads. PMID- 1117862 TI - On the mechanism of release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves induced by depolarizing agents and sympathomimetic drugs. PMID- 1117863 TI - Inhibition of high-affinity choline transport in rat striatal synaptosomes by alkyl bisquaternary ammonium compounds. PMID- 1117864 TI - Some structural requirements for inhibition of type A and B forms of rabbit monoamine oxidase by tricyclic psychoactive drugs. PMID- 1117865 TI - [Drug therapy in newborns and young babies]. AB - Over the last twenty years drug therapy for the newborn and young infant has developed from its empirical origins to a state where the results of intensive research can be applied. As biochemical studies have shown, enzyme activities and the mechanisms of detoxification are dependent on age. These findings have prompted pharmacokinetic considerations with regard to dosage, especially in repetitive dosage regimens. Further aspects include interference and in particular the protein-binding of drugs in the newborn, side effects of drugs administered to the expectant mother, only seen later in their infants, and side effects characteristic for the newborn. Finally mention is made of some recent advances in pediatric antimicrobial therapy. The most frequent side effect is the inefficiency of drugs because of underdosage. PMID- 1117866 TI - [Drug metabolism in early life]. AB - For various reasons the dosage of drugs in early life is difficult and complicated. Besides differences in sensitivity of pharmacological receptors, in protein binding of drugs and in drug distribution the metabolic elimination of drugs has to be considered as playing an important role for the understanding of the pharmacotherapeutic peculiarities of the perinatal period. The most important means for chemical inactivation of drugs are oxidation and conjugation of these foreign compounds. Both pathways will be briefly outlined. Evidence for a decreased ability of infants to oxidize drugs can be found in the observation that the biological half lives of amobarbital and other drugs are about twice as long as those of the mother. Retarded conjugation in infants manifests itself especially with sulfonamides. The postnatal development of the drug oxidizing enzyme system is described with special emphasis on the development of cytochrome P450 in young pigs. In this context it is of interest that the apoenzyme of the mixed function hydroxylase seems to be present already before the iron containing haem moiety is fitted into the enzyme molecule. Furthermore it is described that the postnatal development of the glucuxonyl transferase is different for different substrates. PMID- 1117867 TI - [Special pharmacokinetic aspects in newborns and young infants]. AB - The safety of drug therapy in the newborn period and early infancy is endangered for two main reasons: 1. The relative distribution volume of drugs during maturation and in pathological states varies greatly and thus makes conventional dosage in short-term therapy ineffective. 2. During early childhood, the rate of elimination of many drugs is slow hence there is a risk of overdosage in long term therapy with doses considered safe in older children. The example of two drugs demonstrates, that the course of blood levels is not only dependent on the elimination half life and on the relative distribution volume, but may also be modified to a large extent by the process of invasion. This increases the risk of iron-dextrane but contributes to the safety of Cephalexine. If drug therapy is to be safe and effective in childhood at least the basic elements of a most simple pharmacokinetical model consisting of Invasion, Volume of Distribution and Elimination must be known as can be shown by the mathematical extrapolation of blood level curves gained from single applications for long-therm therapy. PMID- 1117868 TI - [The importance of the albumin bilirubin binding in drug therapy in the newborn]. AB - Bilirubin encephalopathy in the newborn is caused not so much by the level of total serum bilirubin but rather by the level of free bilirubin not bound to albumin. Compared to adults prematures and newborns show a higher tendency towards separation of bilirubin from the albumin bond which is statistically significant as could be demonstrated by measurements in serum and plasma. This might be due to a lower bilirubin binding capacity of the neonatal albumin or a competitive displacement of the bilirubin from the albumin bonds by unknown endogenous substances. The influence of several drugs, of blood exchange transfusion and of light in phototherapy on the cleavage of bilirubin from its albumin bond was examined. Some drugs, but not the phototherapylight, enhanced displacement. PMID- 1117869 TI - [Familial infantile achalasia in three siblings]. AB - Following the review of the literature "achalasia" in 3 brothers of a family with 5 children is reported. Inherited, acquired, constitutional and circumstantional factors may have a role in the manifestation of this rare illness. Surgical intervention (Heller's esophagocardial myotomy) was effective in the treatment for all three children. PMID- 1117870 TI - [Anoxic myocardial lesions in man, developed during extracorporeal circulation, studied by electron microscopy]. AB - Anoxemic changes of the myocardium were examined at 20 patients operated on in extracorporal circulation. At a mild degree hypothermia (30 degrees C) morphological changes appear after a 20 minutes period of anoxaemia. Damage to the myocard of irreversible character could be revealed after an anoxaemic period of 43--55 minutes. An intermitting perfusion of the coronary arteries delayes the formation of the lesions, although in cases of ligation of the aorta for 90 minutes severe mitochondrial changes and deformation of cells were seen. The best method for protecting the myocard is an isotherm perfusion of the coronary arteries. Clinical and laboratory findings show that necrosis of the myocard has a focal character and may play a part in formation of postoperative lesions. PMID- 1117871 TI - [Early ischemic lesion of the myocardium in a case of unusual developmental anomaly of the coronary vessels and coronary thrombosis]. AB - An uncommon form of anomaly of coronary arteries is reported, similar to which had not as yet been published. A single right arteria coronaria was found having an only left branch with a thin vena-like wall, descending on the anterior surface of the heart. The lumen of the sclerotic right arteria was occluded by a thrombus at the point of origin of ramus descendens posterior. The cause of death was an acute cardiac failure, in which authors prescribe an important part to the anomaly of coronary arteries. Areas of myocard getting blood supply from the occluded arteria were investigated by the method of fuchsinorrhagia. Authors believe, that this reaction is suitable for the demonstration of the acute, early ishaemic lesions of the myocard. PMID- 1117872 TI - [A new method for the study of flow of material into surviving blood vessel segments]. AB - One of the most important questions arising in experiment on surviving segments of vessels is the question of flow of material into the vessel wall through the intima or adventitia. To make a distinction is important for the interpretation of results of in vitro experiments. By using a "tissuephil" tested already in practical surgery wound-adhesive free of any noxious effect, authors could form segments of vessels, having an only intimal or adventitial surface. Using this technique the flow of blood into the wall through intima or adventitia could be investigated separtely. At in vitro experiments most part of the labelled material flows into the vessel wall through the adventitia. This fact can be explained by the presence of microinjuries of the adventitia caused by the removing of the surrounding fat tissue. It is believed that only the flow through the intima gives an information about the condition of the vessels. Flow through the adventitia is mostly artificial. PMID- 1117873 TI - [Relationship between the thickness of the aortic andventitia and cholesterol and lipid content of blood and aortic wall]. AB - Correlation between the changes of blood cholesterol and lipoid level, exerted by cholesterol feeding and changes of the thickness of the aortic wall was investigated. Changes have been found to be significant, but as it was revealed by investigation of regression no correlation exits between them. Authors believe that thickening of the adventitia in atherosclerosis is a consequence of the morphological changes of the vessel-wall. PMID- 1117874 TI - [Morphological studies on the hepatotoxic effect of Thiuram (tetramethylthiuram disulphide) in white rats]. AB - After a single per os or a single and repeated subcutan doses of Thiuram necrosis of the liver of different extension was revealed. Changes could be seen by 3--14 days after administration of Thiuram in different doses. In some cases animals died spontaneously. These investigations seems to evidence the fact that Thiuram, which is similar to Disulphiram (Antaethyl-Antabus) used in the therapy of chronic alkoholism in big doses exerts a noxious effect on the liver of white rats. PMID- 1117875 TI - Melosis as a source of spontaneous mutations in Schizophyllum commune. AB - Spontaneous mutation frequencies were determined for two loci in the fungus Schizophyllum commune, at meiosis and at mitosis. For both loci the meiotic frequency is significantly higher than the mitotic frequency. No correlation was found between meiotic mutagenesis and recombination of markers bracketing the mutant site. The meiotic temperature affected the spontaneous mutation frequency but not the recombination frequency in the cross examined. A number of suppressor mutations were detected for both loci examined. Almost all the suppressors are closely linked to the site they suppress. The distribution of mutations among the suppressor sites was different at meiosis and at mitosis. PMID- 1117876 TI - Radioresistance in natural populations of Drosophila nebulosa from a Brazilian area of high background radiation. AB - D. nebulosa, collected in two woods of a high background radiation area (both in Iron Hills, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil), were compared to and found to be more resistant than flies collected as controls in two other woods of an adjacent area. This was the second time that average differences in radioresistance between natural populations were established. Previous experiments were carried out with D. willistoni, in the same area and in comparable fashion. In spite of their higher radiation resistance the flies from the radiation area carried a higher expressed load than the controls. The following tests were performed to estimate the differences: (a) survival, after whole body exposure to 90 000 R of 60Co-gamma-rays on 120 strains set up from single inseminated females and (b) reproductive performance, in 240 duplicate croses, measured in terms of the difference between irradiated series (males received 3000 R of 60Co-gamma-rays) and their unirradiated counterparts. The data are based on an offspring of 293784 individuals. Futhermore, two diallel crosses between sensitive and resistant strains have shown that the differences probably are due mainly to additive genes. PMID- 1117877 TI - [Investigations on the mutagenic effect of triethylenemelamine (TEM) on early embryonic tissue and bone marrow of the rat by chromosome analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Female rats were treated with triethylenemelamine (Tretamine; TEM) with a dose of 0.4 mg/kg body weight and 0.6 mg/kg body weight respectively on days 1, 2, 3; 3, 4, 5 or 6, 7, 8 post coitum. The animals were slaughtered on day 9 or pregnancy. Corpora lutea and living and dead embryos were counted to estimate embryonic loss. Thereafter chromosome-analysis of bone marrow cells and embryonic tissue took place. Highter TEM dosage increased the rate of embryonic loss. It increased from 28.1% with a dose of 3 X 0.4 mg TEM to 75.7% with 3 X 0.6 mg TEM. The level of embryonic loss depends on the time of treatment during different stages of early gestation. It was highest on the first 3 days and lowest on days 6-8 of gestation (0.4 mg TEM on -ays 1, 2, 3 p.c., 71.8%; 0.4 mg TEM on days 6, 7, 8 p.c., 2.9%). By the chromosome analysis, early embryonic tissue seemed to be more sensitive to TEM than bone marrow cells. The highest rates of numerical (35.7%) and (3 X 0.4 mg TEM). A higher dose induced a negative dose-effect, the frequency of aberrations decreased (3 X 0.6 mg TEM, 29% NUMERICAL AND 1.2% STRUCTURal aberrations). With increased embryonic loss (from 28.1% to 75%) structural aberrations decreased (from 5.7% to 1.2%). The time of treatment p.c. was highly correlated with the frequency of aberrations. It was highest with TEM application on days 6, 7, 8 of pregnancy; at the same time the mortality rate was lowest. The same tendencies were noted in the investigation of the chromosomes from bone marrow cells. PMID- 1117878 TI - Cycloheximide resistance in Chinese hamster cells. I. Spontaneous mutagenesis. AB - Resistance to cycloheximide (CHM) was studied in cultured Chinese hamster cells. Concentrations of CHM above 5-10-7 M were toxic for the cells. At concentrations above 9-10-7 M no colonies were recovered in selective medium. 15 resistant clones of independent origin were isolated in selective medium containing 7-10-7 M CHM. Resistance was stable when the cells were cultured under non-selective conditions. The spontaneous mutation rate was determined by the fluctuation test. Mutations to CHM resistance arose spontaneously. The spontaneous mutation rate to CHM resistance was about 10-5. PMID- 1117879 TI - Human cells repair DNA damaged by nitrous acid. AB - Cultured fibroblasts from normal persons or persons afflicted by xeroderma pigmentosum were used as hosts for adenovirus 2 infection. With xeroderma cells as hosts, nitrous acid-treated virus showed less plaque-forming ability than when normal cells were used, indicating that DNA damaged by nitrous acid is at least partly repaired by normal human cells. PMID- 1117880 TI - Analysis of a chromosome specific genetic instability in the the silkworm, Bombyx mori. PMID- 1117881 TI - The comparative cytogenetic effects of aldrin and phosphamidon. AB - An organochlorinated pesticide (aldrin) and an organophosphorus one (phosphamidon) were administered in human lymphocyte cultures, and the cytogenetic effects were related to the compound concentration. The comparative estimation of the number and type of chromosome aberrations observed in the treatments with various doses of drugs permits the following statements. (a) The aldrin showed a narrow range of clastogenic doses, between 19.125 and 38.25 mug/ml. Since these doses are near the limit for cell survival, the observed chromosome lesions are probably not perpetuated in other abnormal cells. (b) Comparatively, the range of phosphamidon clastogenic doses is very large, scattered between 1.9 and 122 mug/ml. Since, in the phosphamidon treatments, the cellular death begins at a concentration above 244 mug/ml, the chromosome aberrations, induced especially by the low doses, could be maintained in other abnormal cells. In a smaller number of experiments, chromosome examinations were performed after intraperitoneal injections of the drugs into rats and mice, 24 h before harvesting of the bone marrow. The administered doses were low, as compared with those of the experiments in vitro: the minimal doses inducing chromosome aberrations in vivo were, in the aldrin treatments 9.56, and in the phosphamidon treatments, 0.07 mug/g body weight. In the experiments both in vitro and in vivo, the analysis of the frequencies of the abnormal cells and of the chromosome lesion types support the existence of a dose-response correlation. The genetic peril due to low doses of pesticides with a general weak toxic effect is discussed. PMID- 1117882 TI - Mutagenic studies of aziridine derivatives derived from various diamines. AB - Various aziridine derivatives derived from diamines were studied in several biological systems to evaluate their effects on reproduction and as potential mutagens. Considerable variations in the biological activities of these compounds were seen among animal species and among the varied chemical structures. In general, mutagenic responses paralleled the antifertility effects in mice and houseflies and the anticancer effects in mice. The lack of an antifertility effect by N,N'-bis(aziridinylacetyl)-1,8-octamethylenediamine in the rat was quite unexpected in view of its chemosterilant activity in houseflies and mice. PMID- 1117883 TI - Quantitative effects of incorporating rice residue on populations of soil microflora. PMID- 1117884 TI - Ultrastructure of ascus, ascospore and ascocarp in Neurospora lineolata. PMID- 1117885 TI - Inhibition of fungal growth by garlic extract. PMID- 1117886 TI - Recovery of Nannizzia grubyia from a stray Italian cat (Felis catus). PMID- 1117887 TI - [Candidiasis of adenoids in children]. PMID- 1117888 TI - [Antifungal action of Bay b 5097 in experimental coccidioidomycosis in mice]. PMID- 1117889 TI - Factors influencing to formation of tinea capitis profundus "kerion celsi". PMID- 1117890 TI - [Analysis of the occurrence of mycotic infections induced by Epidermophyton floccosum (Harz) Langeron et Milochevitch (1930) in the past 20 years]. PMID- 1117891 TI - Comments on the differentiation of a Gliomastix isolated from sputum versus Sporothrix schenckii. PMID- 1117892 TI - Folate-responsive homocystinuria and "schizophrenia". A defect in methylation due to deficient 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity. AB - Homocystinuria and homocystinemia without hypermthioninemia, but with reccurent episodes of folate responseive schizophrenic-like behavior, was documented in a mildly retarded adolescent girl who lacked the habitus associated with cystathionine synthase deficiency. Enzymes involved in homocysteine-methionine metabolism were demonstrated to be normal. A defect in the ability to reducte N-5 10--methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was demonstrated. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase was 18 per cent of control values. Methyltetrahydrofolate is used for the methylation of homocysteine to methionine, and a deficiency of this compound could explain the homocystinemia and homocystinuria. PMID- 1117894 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 10-1975. PMID- 1117893 TI - Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with parathyroid disorders. Effect of serum calcium on insulin release. AB - To evaluate the role of serum calcium in human insulin secretion, insulin responses after a 100-g oral glucose load were studied in nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, five with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, three with pseudohypoparathyroidism and one with normocalcemic secondary hyperparathyroidism. Glucose tolerance values in these disorders were almost normal. Insulin responses in primary hyperparathyroidism were increased, and those in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism were reduced significantly as compared to normal subjects. Isulin response in secondary hyperparathyroidism was normal. The calculated insulin area during an oral glucose load was significantly correlated with serum calcium (5.1 to 12.2 mg per deciliter), and a linear relation was obtained (y = 1.59x - 3.3, r = 0.81, p less than 0.001), although a relation with the glucose area was not found. These observations indicate that serum calcium has an important effect on insulin secretion in parathyroid disorders. PMID- 1117895 TI - Editorial: Metabolic hypotheses in schizophrenia. PMID- 1117896 TI - Editorial: The Emergency Medical Services Systems Act of 1973. PMID- 1117897 TI - Letter: Cell-mediated immunity during infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 1117898 TI - Letter: Rates of post-transfusion hepatitis. PMID- 1117899 TI - Letter: Determination of neutrophil half-life. PMID- 1117900 TI - Letter: Need for a heat-stable measles vaccine for use in West and Central Africa. PMID- 1117901 TI - Letter: Sickle-cell disease and bacterial bone-and-joint infection. PMID- 1117902 TI - Letter: Hypercalcemia during recovery from renal failure. PMID- 1117903 TI - Letter: Prevalence and management of hyperactive children. PMID- 1117904 TI - Letter: Possible treatment for inborn metabolic errors. PMID- 1117905 TI - Letter: Value of common medical procedures. PMID- 1117906 TI - Letter: "Fecogram" to find swallowed radiopaque objects. PMID- 1117908 TI - Letter: Psychoanalysis lambasted. PMID- 1117907 TI - Letter: "The bows of old age" are "arcus seniles". PMID- 1117909 TI - Letter: That "goody-goody" Christmas spirit. PMID- 1117910 TI - Letter: Yes, Virginia! You can drink water. PMID- 1117911 TI - Function of the male sex organs in heroin and methadone users. AB - The function of the secondary sex organs was found to be markedly impaired in 29 participants in a methadone maintenance program. The ejaculate volume and seminal vesicular and prostatic secretions were reduced by over 50 per cent in methadone clients, as compared to 16 heroin addicts and 43 narcotic-free controls. Serum testosterone levels were also approximately 43 per cent lower in methadone clients than in controls or heroin users. Although the sperm count of methadone clients was more than twice the control levels, reflecting a lack of sperm dilution by secondary-sex-organ secretions, the sperm motility of these subjects was markedly lower than normal. On all measures of secondary-sex-organ and testicular function, heroin addicts appeared to fall between the methadone and control subjects, but, with the exception of sperm motility, the deviation from control values did not reach statisitcal significance. PMID- 1117912 TI - Role of dietary iron and fat on vitamin E deficiency anemia of infancy. AB - Thirty-five infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth were fed four commercial formulas (A-D) varying in polyunsaturated fatty acid composition (32 per cent linoleic acid in A and B and 12 per cent linoleic acid in C and D) and in iron content (smaller than 1.0 in A and B; 12 to 12 mg per liter in B and D). Infants receiving formula B showed significantly lower hemoglobins (p smaller than 0.01) and higher reticulocyte counts (p smaller than 0.005) than infants fed the other three formulas. Infants receiving the two formulas with higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (A and B) showed significantly greater hydrogen-peroxide induced hemolysis (p smaller than 0.001) than those given diets containing lower amounts. Infants in groups A and B also had lower serum tocopherol concentrations. Infant red-cell membranes are altered by the increased amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids and iron in the diet. It appears that the development of vitamin E deficiency anemia occurs in infants receiving iron supplementation. PMID- 1117913 TI - Politics in the development of a migrant health center. A pilgrim's progress from idealism to pragmatism. AB - New methods of health-care delivery have been recommended to correct the inequities in the distribution of health services to rural and urban poor. A migrant health center developed in 1970 to accomplish this aim illustrated the many attendant problems. The award of the grant to an outside consumer group rather than to the country health department resulted in political pressures during the center's development. Other factors isolated the center. These included categorical funding specifically directed to a community's ethnic minority and the lack of a regional network of health care. Confusion was created when legitimate spokesmen of the target group, other segments of the local community or interested private and governmental agencies were not defined. Although a program for curative and preventive medicine was established for a minority, the center was less successful in becoming self-supporting and in affecting the social and economic determinants of health. PMID- 1117914 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 16-1975. PMID- 1117915 TI - Editorial: Dietary standards. PMID- 1117916 TI - Sounding board. Even more legal controls on the physician's hospital practice. PMID- 1117917 TI - Letter: Management of arrhythmia in myocardial infarction. PMID- 1117918 TI - Letter: Amylase-creatinine clearance ratio in pancreatitis. PMID- 1117919 TI - Letter: Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in galactosemia. PMID- 1117920 TI - Letter: Decrease of HB-s Ag titers after repeated freezing and thawing. PMID- 1117921 TI - Letter: Deanol for tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 1117922 TI - Letter: Changes in gut mucosa produced by endoscopic biopsy. PMID- 1117923 TI - Letter: Monocytopenia after prednisone. PMID- 1117924 TI - Letter: Ethylene glycol poisoning. PMID- 1117925 TI - Letter: Elisha's bedside manner. PMID- 1117926 TI - Letter: Hobbyists working with lead. PMID- 1117927 TI - Medicine and public affairs. Congress and science: a querulous spirit emerges. PMID- 1117928 TI - Abnormalities of serum cholecystokinin and gallbladder emptying in celiac disease. PMID- 1117929 TI - Committee on maternal welfare: Amniotic-fluid infusion. PMID- 1117930 TI - Letter: Factors that influence mammary carcinogenesis. PMID- 1117931 TI - Letter: Chromosomes in AILD. PMID- 1117932 TI - Letter: Cancer in the irradiated thyroid. PMID- 1117933 TI - Letter: Hazards of the endocrine rotation. PMID- 1117934 TI - Letter: Treatment of thrombosis of leg veins. PMID- 1117935 TI - Letter: Long-term effects of treatment for recurrent bacteriuria. PMID- 1117936 TI - Letter: Nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis and renal failure. PMID- 1117937 TI - Letter: Toxic potential of aldehyde in man. PMID- 1117938 TI - Letter: Nitrogen dioxide in smoke. PMID- 1117939 TI - Letter: Volume of distribution of quinidine. PMID- 1117940 TI - Letter: Diabetes and asthma in Eskimos. PMID- 1117942 TI - Letter: FMG's: licensure and competence. PMID- 1117941 TI - Letter: The condition of psychiatry. PMID- 1117943 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 18-1975. PMID- 1117944 TI - Editorial: Progressive rubella encephalitis. PMID- 1117945 TI - Sounding board: On white coats and other matters. PMID- 1117946 TI - Letter: Sibship size and Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1117947 TI - Letter: Neonatal jaundice: recent developments. PMID- 1117948 TI - Letter: Dubin-Johnson syndrome in a neonate. PMID- 1117949 TI - Letter: Behavioral disorders reflecting organic disease. PMID- 1117950 TI - Letter: Definition of viability. PMID- 1117952 TI - Letter: Joint lesions in diabetes. PMID- 1117951 TI - Letter: Treatment of cirrhosis with prednisone. PMID- 1117953 TI - Letter: Resistance to infection in sickle-cell disease. PMID- 1117954 TI - Letter: Views of medical ethics. PMID- 1117955 TI - Letter: Private health insurance defended. PMID- 1117956 TI - Letter: British health care. PMID- 1117958 TI - Letter: "Pro libbying porcorum". PMID- 1117959 TI - Letter: Protecting the MD from news-aware patients. PMID- 1117960 TI - Progressive rubella panencephalitis. Late onset after congenital rubella. AB - In children with congenital rubella infection the deficits remain stable; neurologic deterioration after the first few years of life is not believed to occur. We have encountered three patients with a definite or presumptive diagnosis of congenital rubella, in whom a progressive neurologic illness developed that began in the second decade and was characterized by spasticity, ataxia, intellectual deterioration, and seizures. High antibody titers to rubella virus in serum and spinal fluid were present in two, and all had increased cerebrospinal-fluid protein and gamma globulin. Extensive attempts to recover a virus from brain and body fluids were unsuccessful. The brains of two patients showed a widespread, progressive, subacute panencephalitis mainly affecting white matter. These data suggest that rubella virus may be a cause of progressive panencephalitis. PMID- 1117961 TI - Specificity of increased renal clearance of amylase in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 1117962 TI - Prenatal exposure to stilbestrol. A prospective comparison of exposed female offspring with unexposed controls. PMID- 1117963 TI - Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Unsuccessful therapy of neonatal hyperammonemia with N-carbamyl-L-glutamate and L-arginine. PMID- 1117964 TI - Amyloidosis and granulomatous ileocolitis. Regression after surgical removal of the involved bowel. PMID- 1117965 TI - Myths and mirths - women in medicine. PMID- 1117966 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 7-1975. PMID- 1117967 TI - Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Mercury and the hazards of vacuum cleaning. PMID- 1117968 TI - Letter: Potential hazards to obliteration of esophageal varices. PMID- 1117969 TI - Letter: Doubtful benefits of Tay-Sachs screening. PMID- 1117970 TI - Letter: "All that is asthma does not wheeze". PMID- 1117971 TI - Letter: Joint contracture in childhood diabetes. PMID- 1117972 TI - Letter: More aspirin-containing medicines. PMID- 1117973 TI - Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed. PMID- 1117974 TI - Letter: British health care defended. PMID- 1117975 TI - Integrated concentration of plasma aldosterone in normal subjects: correlation with cortisol. AB - The integrated concentration (I. C.) of plasma aldosterone and cortisol was determined every 30 min during a 24-h period, using a blood collection system composed of a nonthrombogenic catheter and a small, portable withdrawal pump. The experiments were carried out in 8 normal adult men during daily routine life, and repeated in 2 of the subjects while recumbent in bed most of the day. The following conclusions were made: a) The 30-min I. C. of aldosterone fluctuated widely throughout the day. b) Although peaks of increased concentration occurred after a change in posture from supine to erect, there were many peaks of concentration that occurred during the supine posture. The 24-h I.C. of aldosterone in 2 subjects that were studied a second time while staying in bed most of the day was lower than the I. C. observed during normal activity. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between 24-h I. C. and percentage of time spent in supine position. c) A weak, but significant correlation was found between the 30-min I. C. of aldosterone and cortisol in 4 out of the 7 subjects tested. The overall correlation for all experiments was also significant (R = 0.3. p smaller than 0.001). D) The 4-h I. C. of aldosterone and cortisol showed that the lowest mean values were between 4 PM and 4 AM and the highest values between 4 AM and 4 PM for both steroids. PMID- 1117976 TI - Erythropoiesis and erythropoietin in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. AB - Qualitative and quantitative studies of erythropoiesis in 23 patients with hypothyroidism and 21 patients with hyperthryoidism included routine hematologic evaluation, bone marrow morphology, status of serum iron, B12 and folate red blood cell mass and plasma volume by radioisotope methods, erythrokinetics and radiobioassay of plasma erythropoietin. A majority of patients with the hypothyroid state had significant reduction in red blood cell mas per kg of body weight. The presence of anemia in many of these patients was not evident from hemoglobin and hematocrit values due to concomitant reduction of plasma volume. The erythrokinetic data in hypothyroid patients provided evidence of significant decline of the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow. Erythroid cells in the marrow were depleted and also showed reduced proliferative activity as indicated by lower 3H-thymidine labeling index. Plasma erythropoietin levels were reduced, often being immeasurable by the polycythemic mouse bioassay technique. These changes in erythropoiesis in the hypothyroid state appear to be a part of physiological adjustment to the reduced oxygen requirement of the tissues due to diminished basal metabolic rate. Similar investigations revealed mild erythrocytosis in a significant proportion of patients with hyperthyroidism. Failure of erythrocytosis to occur in other patients of this group was associated with impaired erythropoiesis due to a deficiency of hemopoietic nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12 and folate. The mean plasma erythropoietin level of these patients was significantly elevated; in 4 patients the levels were in the upper normal range whereas in the rest, the values were above the normal range. The bone marrow showed erythyroid hyperplasia in all patients with hyperthyroidism. The mean 3H-thymidine labeling index of the erythroblasts was also significantly higher than normal in hyperthyroidism; in 8 patients the index was within the normal range whereas in the remaining 13 it was above the normal range. Erythrokinetic studies also provided evidences of increased erythropoietic activity in the bone marrow. It is postulated that thyroid hormones stimulate erythropoiesis, sometimes leading to erythrocytosis provided there is no deficiency of hemopoietic nutrients. Stimulation of erythropoiesis by thryoid hormones appears to be mediated through erythropoietin. PMID- 1117977 TI - Circadian variation of integrated concentration of growth hormone in children and adults. AB - A portable constant withdrawal pump was used to determine consecutive 30-min integrated concentrations of growth hormone (ICGH) for a 24-h period in 18 normal subjects, ages 5 to 28 yr. Seven prepubertal, 5 pubertal and 6 young adult subjects were studied under conditions of normal activity. Pubertal, prepubertal, and adult subjects had peaks during waking hours as well as during sleep, but peaks in the adults were usually lower than in the children. Using an analysis of variance, a significant (P smaller than 0.01) downward trend of ICGH was observed to occur during sleep. During waking hours a significant variation (P smaller than 0.01 by analysis of variance) was found with low levels in the first few hours after awakening and an upward trend as the evening approached. Food intake had no significant effect on ICGH nor did the introduction of the indwelling catheter. The mean apparent half-life values of growth hormone calculated on the basis of 87 episodes with 3 or more points on the downslope was 40.1 min. This is significantly higher than the known true half-life of the hormone, suggesting that complete secretory inactivity after a secretory episode is an infrequent event. PMID- 1117978 TI - Inhibition of L-dopa-induced growth hormone stimulation by pyridoxine and chlorpromazine. AB - One gram of L-dopa was administered orally to 12 male control subjects and induced an increase of growth hormone (GH) secretion. The L-dopa-induced GH response was inhibited by an intravenous infusion of pyridoxine, but pyridoxine did not inhibit the GH response to hypoglycemia. Chlorpromazine also inhibited L dopa-induced GH stimulation. Glucose concentrations were unaffected by L-dopa, chlorpromazine, and pyridoxine administration in these subjects. The mechanism of the suppressed L-dopa-induced GH response by pyridoxine appears to be mediated by peripheral accleration of the conversion of L-dopa to dopamine, while that of chlorpromazine appears to be mediated through hypothalamic centers. Pyridoxine and chlorpromazine should be added to the list of other factors affecting the response to L-dopa-induced GH stimulation PMID- 1117979 TI - Antiovulatory activity of synthetic corticoids. AB - A single dose of triamcinolone acetonide had antiovulatory properties in 7 of 11 women when injected on day 1 or 2 of the menstrual cycle. Daily blood studies in three subjects revealed that the FSH and LH surges were absent, and there was no rise in plasma progesterone. Follicular function, as manifested by estrogen levels, was maintained. PMID- 1117980 TI - High molecular weight glucagon-like immunoreactivity in plasma. AB - An "interference factor" has been shown to be present in human plasma, which can cause artifactual elevation of pancreatic glucagon values as conventionally determined by radioimmunoassay using antiserum 30K. A method of correcting for this problem was developed and used to measure glucagon levels in 60 diabetic and 30 nondiabetic subjects. No significant difference was found between the two groups. Twelve percent of the diabetic subjects had evidence of glucagon binding in their plasma which prevented valid measurement of their glucagon levels. Characterization of the "interference factor" was undertaken with G-200 sephadex column chromatography. Large amounts of glucagon-like immunoreactivity were found in fractions indicating an approximate molecular weight of 160,000. It was demonstrated that this "factor" was not an artifact of charcoal treatment of plasma. The original source of this material is unknown. PMID- 1117981 TI - Serum thyroid hormone and thyrotropin levels in subjects from endemic goiter regions of New Guinea. AB - We studied serum thyroid hormone and thyrotropin (TSH) levels in subjects from two regions (Nomane and KarKar) of New Guinea where endemic goiter and/or iodine deficiency are prevalent. The results of the studies in 285 patients from Nomane indicated subnormal serum T4 (mean plus or minus SD, 6.5 plus or minus 2.8 vs 8.4 plus or minus 2.0 mug/1ll ml, for normal Americans, P less than 0.001), supranormal serum T3 (161 plus or minus 51 vs 126 plus or minus 33, ng/100 ml, p less than 0.001), supranormal serum T3/T4 ratio (T3/T4 x 100, 3.1 plus or minus 2.4 vs 1.5 plus or minus 0.4, P less than 0.001) and supranormal serum TSH (16 plus or minus 40 vs 2.7 plus or minus 1.2 muU/ml, P less than 0.001). Serum free T4 and free T3 were measured in 42 subjects. Serum free T4 was subnormal (2.0 plus or minus 0.9 vs 2.8 plus or minus 0.5, ng/100 ml P less than 0.001) and free T3 was elevated (677 plus or minus 150 vs 375 plus or minus 105, pg/100 ml, P less than 0.001). Serum T4 in goitrous patients was significantly lower than that in non-goitrous patients (5.9 vs 6.9 mug/100 ml, P less than 0.005). However, serum T3 and TSH were no different in the presence or absence of goiter. The frequencies of elevated serum TSH or serum T3 in presence of goiter were also no different from those in its absence. The mean values of various thyroid function tests in 37 subjects from KarKar Island were similar to the corresponding values in Nomane subjects. Serum T4, T3 and TSH values in 8 of 13 deaf-mute patients were similar to the corresponding mean values of other inhabitants of the region. However, the remaining 5 patients had deaf-mutism with no appreciable abnormality in thyroid function. Serum TSH correlated inversely with serum T4 (r= -0.31, P less than 0.001). There was, however, no significant relationship between serum TSH and T3 levels. The data suggest that: 1) circulating T4 exerts a significant negative feedback effect on serum TSH level and that this effect of T4 may be even more important than that of circulating T3; 2) factors other than hypothyroidism may be important in the genesis of neurological defects in endemic goiter regions. PMID- 1117982 TI - Serum triiodothyronine concentration in thyroid storm. AB - Serum triiodothyronine levels were elevated in 6 patients with thyroid storm (769 plus or minus 181 ng/100 ml) but the values observed were not significantly different from those found in uncomplicated thyrotoxicosis (752 plus or minus 282 ng/100 ml). This observation suggests that the pathogenesis of thyroid storm resides in mechanisms other than a simple increase in serum triiodothyronine concentration. PMID- 1117983 TI - Urinary excretion of hydroxylysyl glycosides and thyroid function. AB - Urinary excretion of hydroxylysyl glycosides, two specific collagen metabolites, was measured in 18 patients with hyperthyroidism and 4 patients with hypothyroidism. As in the case of hydroxyproline, values were high in thyrotoxicosis and low in hypothyroidism. The glucosyl-galactosyl hydroxylysine/galactosyl-hydroxylysine urinary ratio which indicates the bone or skin origin of degraded collagen was found to be unchanged in hyperthyroidism, except in two cases complicated with hypercalcemia where it was very low. This finding provides a further argument in favour of the bone origin of hypercalcemia in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 1117984 TI - Arterio-venous transfer of testosterone in the spermatic cord of man. AB - A counter-current exchange mechanism for testosterone has been demonstrated between venous and arterial blood in the spermatic cord of man. PMID- 1117985 TI - Heteroantagonism observed in mixed algal cultures. PMID- 1117986 TI - Prostaglandins as haemostatic agents. PMID- 1117987 TI - Effects of temperature and pressure on short term storage of platelets. PMID- 1117988 TI - Ion movement across leukocyte plasma membrane and excitation of their metabolism. PMID- 1117989 TI - Light autoradiographic localisation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in rat brain by specific binding of a potent antagonist. PMID- 1117990 TI - Identification of novel high affinity opiate receptor binding in rat brain. PMID- 1117991 TI - Prevention of the effects of fentanyl by immunological means. PMID- 1117992 TI - Liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity and metabolism of brain 5-HT in rat. PMID- 1117993 TI - Effects of L-dopa metabolites at a dopamine receptor suggest a basis for 'on-off' effect in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 1117994 TI - Nuclear envelope permeability. AB - The permeability of the amphibian oocyte nuclear envelope in situ has been determined for three tritiated dextrans. The envelope is a sieve, restricting molecular movement between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The patent radius of its pores is about 45a. PMID- 1117995 TI - Sequence of the OR operator of phage lambda. AB - A sequence of 79 nucleotides from the lambda OR operator is obtained by primed transcription of repressor protected DNA fragments. The sequence contains the primary repressor binding site plus partial duplications which can be interpreted as secondary repressor binding sites. PMID- 1117996 TI - Sequence of the PR promoter of phage lambda. AB - The RNA polymerase binding site from the lambda PR promoter was isolated and sequenced. This DNA fragment contains the transcription initiation site and shares 25 nucleotides with OR. The sequence preceding the initiation site suggests that the promoter recognition site is not identical with the tight binding and initiation site. PMID- 1117997 TI - Spawning pheromone in crown-of-thorns starfish. PMID- 1117998 TI - Influence of menstrual cycle on volunteering behaviour. PMID- 1118000 TI - Nude mice with normal thymus. PMID- 1117999 TI - Differential rates of cerebral maturation between sexes. PMID- 1118001 TI - Sertoli cell secretory function after hypophysectomy. PMID- 1118002 TI - Occurrence of synapses in peripheral sensory nerves of arachnids. PMID- 1118003 TI - Neurological changes in fruit bats deficient in vitamin B12. PMID- 1118004 TI - Drugs blocking the muscle-damaging effects of 5-HT and noradrenaline in aorta ligatured rats. PMID- 1118005 TI - Fluorescence techniques for following interactions of microtubule subunits and membranes. PMID- 1118006 TI - Lateral compressibility and penetration into phospholipid monolayers and bilayer membranes. PMID- 1118007 TI - Amino acid transport defect in glutathione-deficient sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 1118008 TI - Dark-repair of ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers in the DNA of wild carrot protoplasts. PMID- 1118009 TI - Structure of leghaemoglobin from lupin root nodules at 5 angstrom resolution. PMID- 1118010 TI - Structural invariants in protein folding. AB - An analysis of 15 protein structures indicates: First, the loss of accessible surface area by monomeric proteins on folding-proportional to hydrophobic energy is a simple function of molecular weight; second, the proportion of polar groups forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds is constant; and third, protein interiors are closely packed, each residue occupying the same volume as it does in crystals of amino acids. PMID- 1118011 TI - Enzyme synergistic for insect viruses. PMID- 1118012 TI - Experimental viral labyrinthitis. PMID- 1118013 TI - Effect of electric fields on growth rate of embryonic chick tibiae in vitro. PMID- 1118014 TI - Left-handed to right-handed helix conversion in Salmonella flagella. PMID- 1118015 TI - Oxygen dissociation properties of human embryonic red cells. PMID- 1118016 TI - Evidence for neuronal control of ion transport in chironomid larvae. PMID- 1118017 TI - Biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid by isolated axons of cone horizontal cells in the goldfish retina. PMID- 1118018 TI - Influence of the pineal on wound healing. PMID- 1118019 TI - Membrane protein kinase alteration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 1118020 TI - Inhibitor(s) of prostaglandin synthesis in psoriatic plaque. PMID- 1118021 TI - Letter: Cooling velocity and cell recovery. PMID- 1118022 TI - Letter: Population stratification as an explanation of IQ and ABO association. PMID- 1118023 TI - Letter: Dantrolene sodium and "skinned" muscle fibres. PMID- 1118024 TI - Regulation of cell size in fish of tetraploid origin. PMID- 1118025 TI - Abnormal development of preimplantation rat eggs after three days of maternal dietary zinc deficiency. PMID- 1118026 TI - Carbohydrate binding proteins involved in phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba. PMID- 1118027 TI - Visual adaptation in butterflies. PMID- 1118028 TI - Evidence for hormonal control of integumentary water loss in cockroaches. PMID- 1118029 TI - Anaesthetisation of prefrontal cortex and response to noxious stimulation. PMID- 1118030 TI - Affinity partitioning of acetylcholine receptor enriched membranes and their purification. PMID- 1118031 TI - Uptake of noradrenaline by an adrenergic clone of neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 1118032 TI - Mode of action of an anti-inflammatory fraction from normal human plasma. PMID- 1118033 TI - Electrophoretic variation in allelozymes related to function or structure? PMID- 1118034 TI - Biosynthesis of alkyl sulphides by an ant. PMID- 1118035 TI - Subunit structure of chromatin is the same in plants and animals. PMID- 1118036 TI - Age-dependent excision repair of damaged thymine from gamma-irradiated DNA by isolated nuclei from human fibroblasts. PMID- 1118038 TI - Letter: Anti-Darwinism among the molecular biologists. PMID- 1118037 TI - Determination of recognition sites of T4 RNA ligase on the 3'-OH and 5' -P termini of polyribonucleotide chains. PMID- 1118039 TI - Localization of radioactive I25I-labelled botulinus toxin at the neuromuscular junction of mouse diaphragm. PMID- 1118040 TI - Effect of phenobarbital, spironolactone and pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile on bile formation in the rat. AB - The effects of pretreatment for 4 days with the hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers phenobarbital (8 mg/100 g body weight), spironolactone (20 mg/100 g body weight) and pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (7 mg/100 g body weight) on bile flow and bile pipid secretion have been compared in rats. Similar to phenobarbital, spironolactone and pregnenolone-16alph-carbonitrile increased bile flow but did not alter bile salt excretion, indicating that these agents increased bile salt independent bile formation. This finding could be substantiated for spironolactone by studies of the relationship between bile salt excretion and bile flow during bile salt infusions. Whereas phenobarbital decreased cholesterol and phospholipid secretion to 39 and 49 per cent, respectively, spironolactone and pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile more than doubled cholesterol excretion without influencing phospholipid output. As a consequence, marked differences in the effect on cholesterol saturation were observed: a decrease by phenobarbital and an increase following spironolactone and pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile. The present studies demonstrate that different types of enzyme inducers may share certain effects on bile formation and differ in others. PMID- 1118041 TI - Inhibition by oxotremorine of acetylcholine resting release from guinea pig-ileum longitudinal muscle strips. AB - 1. Longitudinal muscle strips of the guinea-pig ileum were incubated in Tyrode solution containing either DFP or physostigmine as cholinesterase inhibitor. After a 90 min preincubation period the acetylcholine resting release into the medium was determined. Acetylcholine was estimated by gas chromatography. 2. The resting release was 0.39 nmol/g times min irrespective of the cholinesterase inhibitor used. In the presence of hexamethonium, or after omission of external calcium, the resting release fell by 50 and 55 per cent, respectively. 3. Oxotremorine (10-5 and 10-4M) significantly inhibited the resting release of acetylcholine by 25 and 33 per cent, respectively. The inhibitory effect of oxotremorine was completely reversed by atropine (3 times 10-7 M). Oxotremorine did not reduce the spontaneous release of acetylcholine that occurred either in the presence of hexamethonium or in the absence of external calcium. 4. The acetylcholine content of the muscle strips was approximately doubled during the preincubation with a cholinesterase inhibitor. The subsequent incubation with oxotremorine did not lead to a further increase in the endogenous acetylcholine content. However, incubation of the muscle strips with oxotremorine in the absence of a cholinesterase inhibitor led to a rise in the endogenous acetycholine concentration. In in vivo experiments, oxotremorine also caused an increase in the acetylcholine content of the muscle strips. The possibility is discussed that the rise in the acetylcholine concentration following the administration of oxotremorine is a consequence of the decreased release. 5. It is concluded that oxotremorine inhibits the resting release of acetylcholine by activation of neuronal muscarinic receptors. The inhibitory effect of exotremorine is linked to that fraction of the acetylcholine resting release that is calcium-dependent and that arises from propagated activity in cholinergic neurones. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of a feed-back control of acetylcholine release mediated by inhibitory muscarinic receptors. PMID- 1118042 TI - Influence of temperature on the positive inotropic effects mediated by alpha-and beta-adrenoceptors in the isolated rabbit papillary muscle. AB - On the isolated rabbit papillary muscle experiments were carried out to determine whether the positive inotropic effects mediated by alpha- and by beta- adrenoceptors are brought about by different mechanisms or not.--For this reason the influence of temperature and the effect of the calcium antagonist D600 on the responses to phenylephrine and to isoprenaline were compared. 1. The maximal inotropic effects of phenylephrine, isoprenaline and calcium were not affected by raising the temperature of the organ bath from 37 degrees to 42 degrees C, wheras the basal developed tension of the muscle was significantly decreased. 2. The dose-response curve for phenylephrine was markedly shifted to the right by raising the temperature (pD2=0.89), while that for isoprenaline was also shifted to the right, but to a lesser extent (pD2=0.23). 3. In the presence of 1.5 times 10-8 M pindolol the shift of the dose-response curve for phenylephrine induced by elevation of temperature was more prominent (pD2=1,91), whereas phentolamine (3 times 10-6 M) inhibited the temperature-induced shift. 4. The positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine--mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors under blockade of beta adrenoceptors by 1.5 times 10-8 M pindolol--was markedly depressed by D600 (10-7 and 3 times 10-7 M): the dose-response curve was shifted to the right ant the maximal response was depressed. On the other hand, the positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline--mediated by beta-adrenoceptors--was affected to a lesser extent by D600 and the maximal response was not changed. It indicates that the stimulation of alpha- adrenoceptors in the rabbit papillary muscle induces a positive inotropic response through a biochemical process different from that caused via beta- adrenoceptors, i. e., stimulation of alpha- adrenoceptors may increase the intracellular calcium level mainly by changing the transmembrane calcium flux. PMID- 1118043 TI - Direct evidence for the specific fixation of Cl. botulinum A neurotoxin to brain matter. AB - Rat brain homogenate and synaptosomes from rat brain bind botulinum toxin. The binding is accompanied by partial inactivation. The binding decreases with increasing ionic strength. A considerable fixation of tetanus toxin can still be demonstrated under conditions which prevent the fixation of botulinum toxin. 2. Only the grey substance, not the white substance from bovine brain is able to bind the toxin. 3. Upon pretreatment with neuraminidase, synaptosomes lose nearly all of their binding capacity. However, neither gangliosides nor ganglioside cerebroside mixtures nor brain extracts could replace the synaptosomes. Thus botulinum A toxin closely resembles tetanus toxin in its ability to react with (a) neuraminidase-sensitive site(s) of the grey matter of the CNS. It differs from tetanus toxin by its stronger sensitivity against ionic forces and by its failure to react with certain gangliosides. PMID- 1118044 TI - [The squinting eye is not always lazy]. PMID- 1118045 TI - [Alcohol hepatitis]. PMID- 1118046 TI - [New views on the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma]. PMID- 1118047 TI - [Bradycardia in a patient with pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 1118048 TI - [The diagnosis of urinary tract infections, especially in children]. PMID- 1118049 TI - [Lassa fever]. PMID- 1118051 TI - [What is psychoanalytic therapy?]. PMID- 1118050 TI - [Psychoanalytically oriented brief and focal therapy]. PMID- 1118052 TI - [Group and sociotherapy in clinic and policlinic]. PMID- 1118053 TI - [Cerebral angiospasms and focal symptoms in subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 1118054 TI - [Analysis of the course of clinical symptoms in an intrasellar aneurysm]. PMID- 1118055 TI - Effect of sodium glutamate on the morphology and histochemistry of experimental gliopathy induced in vitro by ammonia and sodium malonate. PMID- 1118056 TI - [The process of aging of the spinal cord]. PMID- 1118057 TI - [Cytological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid in some cases of meningoencephalitis of viral origin]. PMID- 1118058 TI - [Megalencephaly with polymicrogyria. A case report]. PMID- 1118059 TI - [Activation and incorporation of amino acids during the ontogenetic development of rabbit brain]. PMID- 1118060 TI - Influence of "experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage" on the occurrence of glycogen in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of rabbits. PMID- 1118061 TI - [I. Prolegomena to experimental studies on hereditary disease of the nervous system on a "pt" rabbit model]. PMID- 1118062 TI - [Morphology and clinical aspects of abortive and severe courses of the disease in pt rabbit]. PMID- 1118063 TI - [Changes in the optic system of pt rabbit (preliminary report)]. PMID- 1118064 TI - [Formation of "onion bulbs" in Charcot-Marie-Tooth and Dejerine-Sottas hypertrophic neuropathies]. PMID- 1118065 TI - [Current views on the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 1118066 TI - [Surgical treatment of the post-phelibitis syndrome. I]. PMID- 1118067 TI - [Surgical treatment of the post-phlebitis syndrome. II]. PMID- 1118068 TI - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of papillo-odditis caused by cholelithiasis]. PMID- 1118069 TI - [4 cases of intestinal occlusion in infants]. PMID- 1118070 TI - [Surgical correction of the pectus excavatum and carinatum in the adult. Report of an unusual case of combination of the straight back and pectus excavatum]. AB - Surgical correction of pectus excavatum et carinatum in a series of adult patients is described. The relationship between deformity of the anterior chest wall and cardiac, respiratory and digestive disturbances is assessed. The indications for surgical management are explained. Reference is also made to the satisfactory morphological and respiratory function results observed on follow up. An unusual cases of pectus excavatum associated with straight back is separately described. Here again, successful surgical management was achieved, coupled with disappearance of functional disturbances and improvement of the heart picture. PMID- 1118071 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the gastric stump after resection for peptic ulcer]. AB - Seven cases of primary carcinoma of the gastric stump operated over the last five years are reported. Intervals of from 21 to 44 yr between surgery and the onset of carcinoma were noted. All patients were males and their ages ranged from 54 to 74 yr. Diagnosis was essentially radiographical, though gastroscopical and histological confirmation was obtained in 2 cases. Simple derivative anastomosis was employed in 2 cases. Total, extended gastrectomy was carried out in 3 cases (2 with interposition of the jejunal loop and 1 with direct oesophago-jejunal recanalisation. Gastric resection following degastroentero-anastomosis was performed in the remaining 2 cases. Survivals include 2 subjects apparently in good health 2 6/12 and 2 7/12 yr after surgery. Two patients died after 16 and 18 months. While the prognosis for stump cancer is very poor as far as long-term results are concerned, passive and entirely negative management would seem unjustified. PMID- 1118072 TI - [Bile secretion]. AB - The canaliculus is the primary site for the formation of bile. Here, active secretion of bile acids creates an osmotic gradient between bile and blood, crossed passively by water and solutes. Numerous experimental data point to the existence of a canalicular bile fraction that is independent of the active transport of bile acids and related to active sodium secretion. The bile ducts are not mere conduits for the passage of bile, but can also change its volume and composition by means of both absorption and secretion. Nervous, vascular, hormonal and pharmacological factors serve to modify bile secretion. In most cases, however, their mechanism of action is virtually unknown. PMID- 1118073 TI - [Serum enzyme picture in major burns]. AB - Serum GOT, GPT, LDH, CHE, MDH, SDH, PK, GLDM, LAP and amylase levels and serum ammonia were determined in 49 major burn cases with 2nd and 3rd degree lesions covering 25% to 80% of the body surface. GOT, GPT, LDH, CHE and gamma-GT have above normal in all cases. Limited and inconsistent movements were noted for the remaining enzymes. Blood ammonia was constantly increased and it is felt that the enzyme picture may be of considerable prognostic value in major burn cases. PMID- 1118074 TI - Report on a case of mild thromboasthenia. AB - A case of Glanzmann thrombo-asthenia has been studied and on the basis of personal history and tests carried out has been classified as being of slight degree. PMID- 1118075 TI - [Total and fractionized plasma phospholipids in chronic liver diseases]. AB - The literature data relating to the importance of the liver in fat metabolism, and the behaviour of plasma and red cell phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids and lipoproteins in acute and chronic liver disease is reviewed. The results of an investigation of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of total and single plasma phospholipid levels in a series of 70 cases (5 chronic aggressive hepatitis, 12 compensated cirrhosis, 41 uncompensated cirrhosis, and 12 controls) are presented. Quantitative assessment by means of thin-layer chromatography showed four features of marked prognostic interest: a) a significant decrease in total phospholipids; b) increased phosphatidyl choline; c) increased phosphatidyl ethanolamine; d) decreased sphingomyelin. In discussing the results, stress is laid on the fact that this method offers a sufficient close evaluation of the clinical picture with respect to both the evolution of cirrogenic liver diseases and the effectiveness of their treatment. It also enables an assessment to be made of liver cell mitochondria function. PMID- 1118076 TI - [Aspects of glycolipid metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency. Effects of intravenous glucose loading]. AB - The behaviour of blood sugar, insulin plasma free fatty acids and glycerol was studied at various times after intravenous glucose loading in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and normal subjects. Conard's K (glycide assimilation) coefficient was also determined. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in the case of the K values only. No difference was noted in the case of the other parameters. The existence of two distinct groups within the subjects with chronic insufficiency, one with normal and one with altered K values, was also noted. The main physiopathological mechanisms probably responsible for this are discussed. It is considered that glucose loading is less sensitive i.v. than per os in the study of glycolipid metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 1118077 TI - [Diabetes and tuberculosis. Current status]. PMID- 1118078 TI - [Interposition of the jejunal loop in the surgical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer, postprandial syndromes and gastric cancer]. AB - 50 cases of interposition of jejunal loop (32 for gastric cancer and 18 for ulcerous pathology) carried out over the last 3 years are reported. From a technical point of view and as an alternative to degastroenteroanastomosis, interposition of the loop is preferred in partial oral end-to-end on the stomach. In neoplastic lesions, Mouchet-Camey type reconstruction was adopted as a routine measure. After describing the complications of the operation and analyzing the causes, the long-term results are evaluated using absorption curves with 131-I labelled oleic acid. The excellent weight increase in the inflammatory forms, and the lack of reflow and dumping in patients subjected to total gastrectomy for cancer, confirm the value of the technique. PMID- 1118079 TI - [Diagnosis of intrathoracic goiter]. AB - The various aspects of the diagnosis of intrathoracic goitre are examined. Clinical, blood chemistry and radiological and radioisotope data are required before a firm decision can be made. Detailed recognition of goitre type and assessment of the site and extent of the intramediastinal portion, together with determination of the existence of intra- and extraparenchymal inflammation or degeneration or other signs of disease, are an essential differential overture to the choice of a surgical approach route (cervical, cervical-mediastinal with median sternotomy, transthoracic) and the appraisal of prognosis. In the absence of malignant degeneration, prognosis is good in all cases, since this type of goitre can be completely and finally eradicated. PMID- 1118080 TI - The touching of hands. PMID- 1118081 TI - Fibrin monomer as a test for intravascular coagulation. AB - Soluble fibrin monomer complexes have been determined in approximately 500 obstetric patients by protamine sulfate precipitation, as a test for intravascular coagulation. The incidence of positive fibrin monomer was less than 1% in 139 samples drawn during normal pregnancy. In confirmed abruptio placentae, 84% of samples were positive, but other sources of antepartum bleeding were negative. Positive results were obtained in 24% of samples from patients between 3 and 48 hours after injection of hypertonic saline for second trimester abortion, 33% were positive by only 3% were positive after administration of prostaglandins. The test for intravascular coagulation is simple and rapidly carried out. The results correlated well with the clinical condition of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, the test is usually negative in patients with thromboembolic phenomena. PMID- 1118082 TI - Urinary estrogen assays and maternal hyperbilirubinemia. AB - Urinary estrogen determinations have simplified the care of pregnant patients with certain metabolic disorders known to adversely affect the fetus. This report demonstrates that erroneously low values for urinary estrogens may be obtained if colorimetric assay methods are used for patients with congenital hemolytic anemias during an acute hemolytic crisis. This appears to be due to the interference of the large amounts of urobilin present in the urine of these patients. PMID- 1118083 TI - Maternal serum heat-stable alkaline phosphatase. In normal and high-risk pregnancies. AB - To evaluate its specificity as an indicator of placental function or fetal status, maternal serum heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) was measured serially in 76 normal and 161 high-risk pregnancies (1272 determinations). The previously reported curvilinear HSAP rise starting at about 28 gestational weeks was noted. No relation was seen between HSAP levels and milk or moderate hypertension, gestational diabetes, nontoxemic placental insufficiency, or maternal blood group. HSAP levels were mostly above normal in proteinuric hypertension and were low normal in pregnant insulin-dependent diabetics. Two neonatal deaths were associated with normal HSAP levels. Of 4 intrauterine deaths, 1 was associated with high, 1 with low, and 2 with rising values in the normal range. Serial maternal HSAP values are apparently not a specific indicator of placental function or fetal status. PMID- 1118084 TI - A study of fetal heart rate acceleration patterns. AB - Fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations have never been fully investigated. These accelerations are responses of the healthy fetus to various stimuli and stresses. Observations and proper evaluation of FHR acceleration patterns will give reassurance of fetal well-being. The fetal activity acceleration acceleration determination (FAD) is a method of antepartum evaluation of fetal well-being. The FAD can be used where the oxytocin challenge test is contraindicated. The physiologic bases of FHR accelerations are discussed. An attempt has been made to classify the FHR acceleration patterns. PMID- 1118085 TI - Comparison of the fetogram and L/S ratio for fetal maturity. AB - There were 254 cases studied in which two tests of fetal maturity were performed within 72 hours of each other. The two tests were an x-ray fetogram and an amniotic fluid L/S ratio determination. All fetograms were read by one author for the presence of distal femoral epiphysis (DFE). It was assumed that DFE permits estimation of fetal bone maturation and L/S ratio permits estimation of fetal lung maturity. The DFE results gave a 40% false-positive rate in predicting a mature L/S ratio (greater than 2.0) and a 38.7% false-negative rate. Of the 21 patients who delivered within 3 days of the performance of the two tests, all neonates did well when there were no visible DFE's but a mature L/S ratio. There is a significant lack of specificity and sensitivity of the fetogram DFE's in predicting a mature L/S ratio. Since infant lung maturation is a critical factor in predicting neonatal survival, these results suggest that the x-ray DFE is unacceptable as a single maturity test for use in a perinatal center managing complicated obstetric cases. PMID- 1118086 TI - Relation between glucose, insulin, and growth hormone in the fetus during labor and at delivery. AB - Maternal, fetal and umbilical blood glucose, insulin, and human growth hormone (HGH) levels were measured to determine their relation during labor and at delivery. There was a positive correlation between fetal glucose and HGH, as well as between the fetal insulin and HGH values. Higher birthweights were associated with lower umbilical venous HGH and higher insulin levels. Thus, the balance between insulin and growth hormone might be involved in the regulation of fetal growth. PMID- 1118087 TI - Relation of large birthweight to maternal diabetes mellitus. AB - The records of 517 pregnancies which terminated in the delivery of infants weighing 9 lb or more were reviewed. The obstetric patient most likely to deliver a large birthweight infant was characterized. Toxemia, prolonged labor, and puerperal morbidity occurred with increased frequency. Many of the deliveries were complicated by fetopelvic disproportion with resultant increase in mid forceps deliveries, cesarean sections, and perinatal morbidity. Five of the 517 patients delivering large birthweight infants were known to have diabetes mellitus prior to the pregnancy included in this study. An additional 369 patients were evaluated with intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Thirty-eight (10.3%) of the 369 tested proved to have diabetic glucose tolerance curves. The likelihood of finding maternal diabetes mellitus increased with the infant's birthweight. Multiple regression analysis of other clinical variables failed to predict which patients would prove to have diabetes. Identification of diabetic puerperas requires that glucose tolerance tests be performed in all who delivered large birthweight infants. PMID- 1118088 TI - Effects of diuril and dilantin on blood glucose and insulin levels in late pregnancy. AB - In order to evaluate the carbohydrate metabolic effects of certain drug therapies used in treating the toxemia syndrome, 75 term pregnant women were studied with two intravenous glucose tolerance tests performed 1 week apart. During the 2-hour tests, both blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured. The women were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, and during the week between tests they received:a) no drugs (control or C group);b) Diuril, 500 mg/day (Dgroup); or c)Dilantin, 100 mg, t.i.d. (DL group). Each group was of similar age, weight, and gestational age. There were no significant changes in any of the glucose curves. Both drug-treated groups demonstrated insulin changes. In contrast to the C group, the D group showed an elevation of the plasma insulin values during the second test, and the DL group had a lowering of plasma insulin levels in the second test. Thus, both drugs had minor effects on carbohydrate metabolism during short-term use. However, a more marked metabolic effect of these drugs must be considered when using them at higher dosages or for a longer duration. PMID- 1118089 TI - Advantages of local anesthesia for cesarean section. AB - A review was made of histories of 5010 patients delivered by the senior author over a period of 25 years. Of these deliveries, cesarean section was performed in 283 (5.6%). In 218 of these patients, only local field block of the abdominal wall was done prior to the birth of the baby. When local anesthesia was used, 92% of newborn babies cried spontaneously at once, There were 48 premature babies and 7 neonatal deaths, the latter caused primarily by pregnancy complications and secondarily by prematurity. Fetuses already at high risk are most benefited by the use of local anesthesia prior to birth. Many of the patients experiencing this method had second, third, and even fourth cesarean sections with the use of local anesthesia. PMID- 1118090 TI - Melanoma of the vulva. AB - Twenty-three cases of malignant melanoma of the vulva recorded at Roswell Park Memorial Institute over a 36-year period have been reviewed. The findings confirm those of earlier series that these lesions tend to occur in postmenopausal Caucasians and most commonly originate on the labia minora and clitoris. Twenty of 23 patients were treated with therapy more conservative than radical vulvectomy and regional node dissection, with a resultant 25% 5-year survival and 10% 10-year survival among eligible patients. The fact that 12 of 14 recurrences surgical removal of these structures; No patient in this series with a lesion greater than 2 cm or with clinically positive groin nodes survived 5 years. According to the literature, very few patients with groin node involvement have survived, even with radical surgical therapy, and a combination of therapeutic modalities in treating these patients is recommended. PMID- 1118092 TI - Effect of abdominal transplanted mammary tumor on peritoneal fluid cytology in mice. AB - In this study C3H/HeJ female mice received an intraperitoneal injection of mammary tumor suspended in saline; After 14 days, the presence of mammary neoplasm was detected by a significant change in the cytodifferential counts of aspirated peritoneal fluid. Previous studies suggest that ovarian cancer can be detected in mice and in women by the characteristic changes produced in abdominal cellular fluid distribution. PMID- 1118091 TI - Endodermal sinus tumor: a report of two sustained remissions treated postoperatively with a combination of actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide. AB - The literature reflects a poor prognosis for women with endodermal sinus tumor. Two women with this neoplasm, 1 having stage IA and the other stage IIB disease were treated for 1 year postoperatively with a combination of actinomycin-D, 5 fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide. Each had therapy discontinued after a negative second laparotomy and 15 and 21 months later are without recurrence. It is suggested that this drug regimen is a benficial adjunct to surgery in the treatment of endodermal sinus tumor. PMID- 1118093 TI - Endometrial dating correlated with progesterone levels. AB - The aim of this work was to document the validity and usefulness of progesterone determination instead of endometrial biopsies as evidence for ovulation within a menstrual cycle. The presence of progesterone in amounts greater than 2 ng/ml of plasma was always associated with a secretory endometrium, ie, the endometrium was matured beyond cycle day 14 as diagnosed by classical histologic dating. The remarkable simplicity of quantitating luteal phase progesterone levels by this radioimmunoassay warrants their extended use for evaluating the physiology and the pathology of the corpus luteum. PMID- 1118094 TI - Female genital coccidioidomycosis. AB - Three cases of coccidioidomycosis of the female genital tract are reviewed. The diagnosis was made by laparotomy in 2 patients who presented with tender adnexal masses, and by endometrical curettage in a third patient with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Hysterectomies were performed in all 3 patients; 1 had a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and the others a bilteral salpingectomy and unilateral oophorectomy. Two patients received chemotherapy with amphotericin B. One patient died 4 years after her operation from disseminated and meningeal coccidioidomycosis. In a female patient who has resided in an endemic region and who presents with pelvic pain of obscure origin, unexplained infertility, a menstrual disorder, or a chronic, refractory pelvic inflammatory disease, genital coccidioidomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 1118095 TI - Endometrial regeneration after voluntary abortion. AB - Endometrial biopsies were obtained on postabortal days 1 to 36 in 42 women without contraception, in 28 women using oral contraceptives, and in 12 women with intrauterine devices. Tissue samples were examined for day-to-day sequential changes, specifically: a)regenerative, repair, proliferative and secretory activity, b)involution of pregnancy changes, c)inflammation. In the absence of contraception, the endometrium promptly regenerated. The earliest evidence of ovulation was on day 9. One-third of the women ovulated before the first period. Incomplete placental and decidual involution was seen in 45% of patients, but its frequency progressively decreased toward the end of observation. Inflammation seen in 26% was limited to the retained decidua and was, therefore, thought to be a reactive rather than an infectious phenomenon. In women taking oral contraceptives, initial regeneration was also prompt. "On pill" changes resembled the nonpostabortal picture except for a few cases of cystic glandular dilation, or Arias-Stella-like phenomena. Retained decidua and inflammation were more frequent (75% and 68%) than in the noncontraceptive group, and the diminishing trend was not observed. In the intrauterine device group, inflammation was more frequent (83%) than in the other two groups and was not limited to the decidua. PMID- 1118096 TI - Tubal pregnancy: a report of a very early luminal form of imbedding. AB - A specimen of a very early ovum, 4 to 6 days old, shown in the luminal form of imbedding before any hemorrhage has taken place, confirms that the luminal form of imbedding does occur. This case probably represents the earliest tubal pregnancy reported. PMID- 1118097 TI - Fetus papyraceus: an unusual case with congenital anomaly of the surviving fetus. AB - Fetus papyraceus is a rare condition occurring in both monochorionic and dichorionic multiple gestations. Assocated with case presented were two interesting and uncommon findings: velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord of the blighted fetus and a congenital abonormality of the surviving fetus. This case is the first known intrauterine monitoring of a pregnancy involving a fetus papyraceus with serial plasma estriol and human placenta lactogen determination. PMID- 1118098 TI - Balanced translocation in fetal wastage. AB - A balanced reciprocal translocation involving the long arms of a No. 4 and a No. 11 chromosome, t(4;11) (q25;q13), was found in a mother who had one spontaneous first trimester abortion and 2 abnormal infants, as well as in her 2 phenotypically normal children. This translocation was not detectable by conventional karotyping since the two exchanged chromosome segments are almost identical in size; it was demonstrated by the new banding technic which allow us to recognize and to identify each chromosome and its segments accurately. PMID- 1118099 TI - Letter: Abortion. PMID- 1118100 TI - Letter: Embolism. PMID- 1118101 TI - Letter: Tubal ligation. PMID- 1118102 TI - Letter: Genetic counseling. PMID- 1118103 TI - Letter: Fetal monitoring. PMID- 1118104 TI - [Ophthalmological care of children in Donetsk oblast]. PMID- 1118105 TI - [Results of intraocular correction of unilateral aphakia using anterior chamber lenses]. PMID- 1118106 TI - [Selection of the method of treatment in traumatic retinal detachment in children]. PMID- 1118107 TI - [Study of the forms of normal elastic curves in experiment]. PMID- 1118108 TI - [Some indices of carbohydrate metabolism in the tissues of the eye under the influence of silicon-containing dust and radiant heat in experiment]. PMID- 1118109 TI - [State of the optic nerve disc in patients during the early stages of glaucoma]. PMID- 1118110 TI - [Tonographic indices in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1118111 TI - [Mabistin and its clinical use]. PMID- 1118112 TI - [Diagnosis of accommodation spasm]. PMID- 1118113 TI - [Effect of heliogeophysical factors on decompensation of the glaucomatous process and vascular permeability in patients with primary glaucoma]. PMID- 1118115 TI - [Socialist competition--an important lever for improvement of the medical care of workers]. PMID- 1118114 TI - [Calibration of the Filatov-Kalfa elastotonometer]. PMID- 1118116 TI - [Detection and treatment of accommodation spasm]. PMID- 1118117 TI - [Treatment of accommodation spasms by the method of divergent disaccommodation and microclouding]. PMID- 1118118 TI - [Diafilariasis of the eyelid]. PMID- 1118119 TI - [Eye injuries due to a bee sting]. PMID- 1118120 TI - [Device for inserting corneal contact lenses]. PMID- 1118121 TI - [Modification of an ocular algesimeter]. PMID- 1118122 TI - [Successive images in amblyopic eyes produced in 2 open eyes]. PMID- 1118123 TI - [Organization of the 1st office of iseikonic and telescopic correction]. PMID- 1118124 TI - [Ophthaloirrigator-73]. PMID- 1118125 TI - [Independent development of a method of fluorescent angiography of the anterior chamber of the eye]. PMID- 1118126 TI - [Comparative data on capillaroscopy of the skin and biomicroscopy of the conjunctiva of the eyeball in patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1118127 TI - [Eye pathology in diabetes]. PMID- 1118128 TI - [Valve of the cortisone test in the early diagnosis of glaucoma]. PMID- 1118129 TI - [Experience working in the eye office of a district oncological dispensary]. PMID- 1118130 TI - [Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1118131 TI - [The importance of scintigraphy in the diagnosis of sialolithiasis]. PMID- 1118132 TI - [The treatment of the underlying disease in follicular tonsillitis in the practice of regional district clinics in Hungary (the role of the district physician in the prevention of the first incidence of rheumatic fever)]. PMID- 1118133 TI - [Humoral and cellular immune reactions in acute and chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 1118134 TI - [The post-myocardial syndrome]. PMID- 1118135 TI - [19-trisomy and 22-monosomy associated with somatomental retardation]. PMID- 1118136 TI - [Hemangioma cavernosum in the omentum]. PMID- 1118137 TI - [Reflections on the 30th anniversary of the liberation of Hungary]. PMID- 1118138 TI - [Comparative study on the biodynthesis of placentotropin (PCTH) and Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in prolinged and normal pregnancy, and in premature labor]. PMID- 1118139 TI - [Relationship between fibrinogen level, blood pressure and plasma renin activity in hypertensive patients (preliminary reports)]. PMID- 1118140 TI - [Interdisciplinary problems in integrated patient care]. PMID- 1118141 TI - [Chromosome studies in fibroblast culture from hemihypertrophic patients]. PMID- 1118142 TI - [Peripheral reconstructive vascular surgery on the upper and lower extremities]. PMID- 1118143 TI - [Double pylorus]. PMID- 1118144 TI - [Mass screening of newborm infants for congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 1118145 TI - [Recommendations of the Hungarian National Orthopedic Institute for the treatment of congenital hip dysplasia]. PMID- 1118146 TI - [Organ specific structure of the cell nucleus]. PMID- 1118147 TI - [Interaction of cardiac glycosides and phenobarbital]. PMID- 1118148 TI - [Relationship between increased hematopoiesis and saturation of iron storage in polycythemia rubra vera]. PMID- 1118149 TI - [Palliative treatment of non-resectable cardia tumors by esophago-jejunal bypass]. PMID- 1118150 TI - [Care of patients with kidney diseases in the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 1118151 TI - [Principles in the care of chronic kidney diseases from early diagnosis to treatment with the mechanical kidney]. PMID- 1118153 TI - [Letter: XX/XXX mosaicism and the YY system]. PMID- 1118152 TI - [Medical instruments on plaques]. PMID- 1118154 TI - [Cell mediated and humoral immune response evoked by human valscular wall antigens]. PMID- 1118155 TI - [Acute total mammary necrosis]. PMID- 1118156 TI - [Letter: Leg ulcer and amyloidosis]. PMID- 1118157 TI - [Immunological aspects of the Wissler-Fanconi syndrome]. PMID- 1118158 TI - [Orchitis granulomatosa and its pathogenesis]. PMID- 1118159 TI - [Esophago-tracheal fistula, caused by tuberculosis]. PMID- 1118160 TI - [Letter; Protection of family and women, sexology]. PMID- 1118161 TI - Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. Foreword. PMID- 1118162 TI - Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. Early intervention through parent training. PMID- 1118163 TI - Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. Neeeds for the future: the role of the otorhinolaryngologist. PMID- 1118164 TI - Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. The audiologist's role. PMID- 1118165 TI - Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. Histopathology of sensorineural hearing loss in children. AB - It is important to determine clinically the etiology of any sensorineural hearing loss in a child, if this is at all possible. With continued examination of the pathologic changes in the temporal bone, one can correlate the clinical and histopathologic findings. By use of this combined knowledge, one can diagnose and evaluate more thoroughly a child with such a hearing loss and also better counsel the child's parents. PMID- 1118166 TI - Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. What it means to be the parent of a deaf child. PMID- 1118167 TI - Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. The rationale for early identification and intervention. AB - The normal hearing child utilizes auditory data to trigger his innate propensity for language learning and begins to use these stored auditory images long before he says his first word. The auditory modality appears to provide the input from which he abstracts and regularizes the rule of grammar both from outside sources and in an auditory feedback arrangement from his own utterances. The development of expressive language appears to occur rapidly once the first word is said, and by age three he appears to be using all the basic structures of speech. The child with severe hearing impairment, on the other hand, deprived of auditory input, either does not develop speech or may with some training develop very limited speech. Since most hearing impaired children can benefit from amplification, hearing aids can provide a means to maximize the auditory channel. Many such children, however, do not receive hearing aids until three to four years of age, and so have already been deprived of these key years in language development. They have already missed the critical periods in language learning and thus are apt to remain severely depressed in language skills at best. The results of one study reported in this discussion appear to substantiate the observation that a good program of early intervention, including effective parent training and early use of hearing aids to exploit auditory potential, can help hearing impaired children to generate spontaneous spoken language more comparable to that used by their normal hearing peers in both type and level of utterance. Although this language may be more immature or less syntactically and morphologically correct than that of their normal hearing peers, it compares in syntactical structure much more favorably than does the language of hearing impaired children who have not received such special help until about two years later. The study further demonstrates the importance of early intervention and illustrates the positive effects of a good early management program on the language and resulting educational achievement of hearing impaired children. PMID- 1118168 TI - Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. Behavioral audiometry with children. AB - Our purpose in this discussion has been to present practical information about behavioral audiometry with infants and young children as a critical part of the comprehensive audiologic assessment. The introductory discussion focused on eight critical audiometric variables and the application of operant conditioning. These variables and operant principles were related to behavior observation audiometry, threshold audiometry (including play, visually reinforced and tangibly reinforced), and speech audiometry (including the speech awareness threshold, the speech reception threshold, and word discrimination). It is concluded that through careful application of these principles and procedures, meaningful audiometric data can be obtained from any child regardless of age or developmental disability. PMID- 1118169 TI - [The Bezold-Brucke effect in the pattern of averaged auditory evoked responses]. PMID- 1118170 TI - [Condition of hearing and of the inner ear in animals exposed to high-intensity noise in fetal life]. PMID- 1118171 TI - [Partial laryngectomy with reconstruction of the thyroid cartilage]. PMID- 1118172 TI - [Malignant neoplasms in the records of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Medical Academy in Gdansk]. PMID- 1118173 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of congenital anomalies of the external auditory meatus and middle ear]. PMID- 1118174 TI - [Granulomatus inflammation of the external auditory meatus]. PMID- 1118176 TI - [Diagnosis of atopic syndromes (pollenoses)]. PMID- 1118175 TI - [Role of fungi in the etiology of allergic reactions of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 1118177 TI - [Carcinoma of the external ear]. PMID- 1118178 TI - [Sulcus glottidis]. PMID- 1118179 TI - [Case of multiple neoplasms]. PMID- 1118180 TI - [Mechanics of laryngeal trauma]. PMID- 1118181 TI - [Adaptation of Forreger's laryngoscope to laryngeal microsurgical interventions]. PMID- 1118182 TI - The effect of continuous doses of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae on the intestinal mucosa of sheep and on liver vitamin A concentration. AB - Eight 7-month-old sheep were dosed continuously with Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae and 4 sheep were killed at 5 and 10 weeks from the commencement of infection. Flattening of the mucosa and villous atrophy were commonly present at slaughter, and parasites were often found in superficial channels parallel with the luminal surface. At 10 weeks the mucosa was thickened and highly cellular. Leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and maltase activity were reduced in the proximal third of the small intestine. Liver vitamin A was reduced in 3 of 4 infected sheep at 10 weeks, but serum vitamin A levels were comparable with those of worm-free control sheep throughout the experiment. PMID- 1118183 TI - Seasonal variation in numbers of the rabbit flea on the wild rabbit. AB - Samples of rabbits were obtained throughout each month over the 4-year period 1967-70. All fleas were removed, sexed and counted and the reproductive condition of the rabbits recorded. Rabbit fleas Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) were present on both sexes of rabbit at all times of the year. In each year significantly high numbers of fleas were found on the rabbits in January, February, March and April and significantly low numbers in August, September and October. Mean flea counts were significantly higher on female rabbits than on males during April, May and June. During the rest of the year counts from each sex of host did not differ significantly. There were significant differences in flea numbers between years. More female than male fleas were found on both sexes of host throughout the year. The rabbit population sampled is shown to be typical of post-myxomatosis populations with regard to breeding performance and juvenile mortality. The relationship of the observed patterns of change in flea numbers to host and flea breeding and to host behavior, population size and structure is discussed. PMID- 1118184 TI - The fowl (Gallus domesticus) and a lepidopteran (Setomorpha rutella) as experimental hosts for Tetrameres mohtedai (Nematoda). AB - The life-cycle of Tetrameres mohtedai in the fowl involving a hitherto unknown intermediate host, Setomorpha rutella, is described and methods for laboratory demonstration are given. Development to infectivity in the intermediate host took less than 2 weeks under laboratory conditions. Infections could be established using infective larvae dissected from the intermediate host. The pre-patent period in the fowl averaged 36 days. Experimental evidence is given for infection of the final host by ingestion of either infected adult or infected larval Setomorpha. Development of the parasite to the infective stage does not depend on metamorphosis of the intermediate host. PMID- 1118185 TI - Genetic studies on Plasmodium chabaudi: recombination between enzyme markers. AB - Two lines of Plasmodium chabaudi differing in three characters have been crossed, using a technique previously described for P. yoelii. One line, termed 47AS, was characterized by an electrophoretic form of 6-hosphogluconate dehydrogenase, denoted 6PGD-2, a form of lactate dehydrogenase, denoted LDH-3, and was pyrimethanime-resistant. The second line, termed 10AJ, possessed enzyme forms of 6PGD-3 and LDH-2 and was pyrimethamine-sensitive. The cross was made by permitting mosquitoes to feed on a mixture of the two lines and infecting rodents with the resulting sporozoites. The products of the cross were cloned by dilution and examined for enzyme-type and drug-response. Results showed that recombination had occurred between each of the three characters. Clones characterized by 6PGD 2/LDH-2 and 6PGD-3/LDH-3 demonstrated recombination between the enzyme markers. The drug-resistance character segregated independently of either enzyme marker. PMID- 1118186 TI - Amino acids of Diclidophora merlangi (Monogenea). AB - The level of free amino acids in Diclidophora merlangi is high, comprising over 500 mu moles/g ethanol extracted dry weight. A single amino acid, proline, constitutes some 70% of the total pool. Analysis of parasite protein and host blood and mucus revealed low proline levels, suggesting that the high free pool content was not related to a requirement for protein systhesis or to its abundance in the diet of the worm. Experiments revealed that proline was not involved specifically in osmoregulation, and the reasons for the large amounts present in Diclidophora remain unknown. PMID- 1118187 TI - Robenidine-dependence in a strain of Eimeria maxima. AB - A robenidine-resistant strain of Eimeria maxima was found to be drug-dependent and developed satisfactorily only in birds which were receiving the drug in the diet. Normal parasite development occurred in the presence of 132 ppm of robenidine in the food. PMID- 1118188 TI - Cytology and kinetics of microgametogenesis and fertilization in Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. AB - The sexual development of the microgametocyte of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis may be subdivided into microgametogenesis which includes exflagellation, dispersal of the gametes and fertilization. Under our experimental conditions microgametogenesis takes about 8-15 min at 20 degrees C, the duration of this period being inversely related to temperature. Exflagellation takes less than 1 min, subsequent dispersal of gametes may continue for 40 min. We find that exflagellation is totally inhibited in vitro by temperatures of 30 degrees C and above, and by certain invertebrate tissue culture media. Exflagellation may occur within a persistent host cell plasmalemma, which seriously impedes the escape of the 8 microgametes. Microgametes move by sinusoidal or helical waves which may be rapid (10 waves/s), slow (smaller than 1 wave/s) or they may be immobile. Microgamete activity, which is alternately rapid/slow or slow/immobile, declines linearly with time. Fertilization which takes less than 1 min results from characteristic behavioural changes by the microgamete; vibratory waves are responsible for the penetration of the macrogamete by the microgamete. The microgamete completely enters the macrogamete and therein continues its cyclical activity. PMID- 1118189 TI - Acquisition of host antigens by young Schistosoma mansoni in mice: correlation with failure to bind antibody in vitro. AB - Young schistosomes collected after penetration through isolated mouse skin (3 h schistosomula) were cultured in medium containing immune rhesus monkey serum with a high titre of antibody known to kill schistosomula in the presence of complement. Morphological signs of damage in electron micrographs were confined to the surface tegument of the schistosomula. Antibodies in immune rhesus serum were shown to bind to the surface membrane of 3 h schistosomula using an antibody enzyme bridge technique involving labelling with horseradish peroxidase and histochemical localization of the enzyme at the ultrastructural level. Schistosomula recovered from the lungs of mice 4 days after infection did not bind monkey antibodies at the surface and these 4-day schistosomula are not susceptible to damage by immune serum in vitro. Mouse erythrocyte antigens were detected on the surface of 4-day schistosomula using an appropriate antibody enzyme bridge but these host antigens could not be found on 3 h schistosomula. This correlation between the presence of mouse host antigens on the surface of schistosomula and the inability of immune monkey antibodies to bind to the surface membrane is consistent with the hypothesis that host antigens are acquired by young schistosomes and serve to protect the surface membrane against antibody-mediated damage. PMID- 1118190 TI - Hatching in the monogenean parasite Dictyocotyle coeliaca from the body cavity of Raja naevus. AB - When eggs of the monogenean Dictyocotyle coeliaca, a parasite from the body cavity of Raja naevus, are incubated in alternating 12 h periods of light and darkness at 12 degrees C the marginal hooklets appear between 75 and 90 days after collecting the eggs from the host's body cavity and hatching begins after about 102 (96-109) days. Hatching occurs continuously throughout the light and dark periods so that there is no daily hatching rhythm, and host skin mucus and fluid from the host's body cavity (previously deep frozen and thawed before use) are ineffective as hatching stimulants. The significance of these observations in relation to host behavior is discussed. PMID- 1118191 TI - Acceleration of the median nerve distal latency time in preterm infants with intrauterine growth retardation. AB - The distal latency time (DLT) of the median nerve was measured in infants at various stages of in utero and ex utero maturation. The DLT measured at 36 degrees (DLT-36) during the first 3 days of life was inversely related to gestational age in normal preterm infants. However, the DLT-36 was significantly accelerated in infants with in utero growth retardation (IUGR). In normal infants the DLT-36 was significantly related to the nerve conduction velocity of the proximal segment of the median nerve. This relation was lost in infants with IUGR, since the DLT-36 was accelerated by not the nerve conduction velocity. In normal preterm infants the slope of change of DLT-36 in utero with maturation was similar to the change ex utero. Wigh IUGR the DLT-36 shortened sharply during the first 2 weeks of postnatal life, and thereafter the DLT-36 changed at the same rate as in normal infants. The DLT is sensitive to temperature change in the thenar muscle. The more immature the infant the greater the change of DLT with temperature. Apnea in preterm infants was not significantly related to the DLT 36. PMID- 1118192 TI - Amniotic fluid lecithin to sphingomyelin ration of 3.5 and fetal pulmonary maturity. AB - The clinical outcome of 118 pregnancies assessed by amniotic fluid lecithin to sphingomyelin concentration (L/S) ratio within 2 days of delivery is presented. It has been observed that the critical L/S ratio for pulmonary function is 3.5 in that no infant born with an L/ S ratio greater than 3.5 has had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Below an L/S ratio of 3.5, the risk and severity of RDS is inversely related to the L/S ratio. An L/S ratio smaller than 3.5 has the same prognostic value in infants born between 30 and 34 weeks gestation as it has in infants born between 35 and 38 weeks gestation. Under these conditions the relation between L/S ratio and RDS is independent of gestational age. PMID- 1118193 TI - The Dutch famine, 1944-1945, and the reproductive process. I. Effects on six indices at birth. AB - Prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine of 1944-1945 reduced postpartum maternal weight, birth weight, placental weight, length at birth, and head circumference at birth. These conclusions are based on maternities occurring in the famine area and exposed to famine during some part of gestation as compared both with maternities in nonfamine areas, and with maternities before and after the famine. Third trimester exposure accounted for the whole of the famine effects. Length of gestation was not affected by third trimester exposure, and did not mediate the effects on infant exposure, and did not mediate the effects on infant dimensions at birth. Effects were apparent only below a threshold value of official food rations of 1,500 cal daily average during the third trimester. (Calorie value for official food rations can be assumed to be lower than actual food intake.) Maternal weight declined 4.3% during the famine and rose 10.5% after the famine. Birth weight declined 9% during the famine, and rose 9% after the famine. Placental weight declined 15% during the famine, and rose 14% after the famine. Length at birth declined 2.5% during the famine, and rose 1.5% after the famine. Head circumference declined 2.7% during the famine, and rose 2.4% afterward. PMID- 1118194 TI - The Dutch famine, 1944-1945, and the reproductive process. II. Interrelations of caloric rations and six indices at birth. AB - Effects of maternal exposure to famine during the prenatal period were compared among six indices of reproduction by the use of Z scores. Maternal weight was affected soonest, then birthweight and placental weight. Length and head size at birth were affected relatively less and only after exposure to more severe nutritional deprivation. Path models were constructed of the interrelations of caloric rations, length of gestation, maternal weight, and fetal dimensions. Above a threshold value of 1,5000 Cal dialy average official food rations available to mothers in the third trimester, a model in whichthe placenta is treated as a fetal dimension (or organ) seemed most appropriate. Below the threshold value, a model in which the placenta is treated as a transmitter of nutrients seemed most appropirate. PMID- 1118195 TI - Dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta in man: an examination of collagen biosynthesis. AB - We have examined control subjects and patients in an effor to discover a metabolic basis for dominantly inherited osterogenesis imperfecta (OI). Studies were carried out in vitro with cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from OI patients, and in vivo on peptide-bound hydroxyproline excretion in urine. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion (milligrams/24 hr) adjusted for age is essentially normal in OI patients, although the mean excretion rate is below average. The latter finding is presumably a reflection of the smaller body mass of OI patients. The OI skin fibroblasts, matched for age of donor, site of biopsy, phase of growth, and generation number in culture, incorporated L-proline into hot trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble protein (collagen) at normal rates. The rate of conversion of proline to hydroxyproline in the nascent polypeptides is also normal in OI. Incorporation of L-lysine was also normal in OI. These findings indicate that peptide synthesis of collagen is not impaired in OI. Rates of galactose incorporation into collagen and the extractability of collagen into normal saline or 0.2 M citric acid were all normal both in OI cells and in the culture medium recovered from the monolayer. These findings, in combination with the urinary data on hydroxyproline excretion in vivo reveal that cross-linking and export of collagen in OI is essentially normal. The elution profile after ion exchange chromatography of fibroblast collagen on carboxymethyl (CM)--Sephadex was also examined. The normal 2/1 ratio of peak 1 (largely alpha 1(1) chains) to peak 2 ) largely alpha 2 chains) was found in OI fibroblast extracts, which implies that synthesis and initial aggregation of the two types of polypeptide to yield (alpha1(1))-2 alpha 2 collagen composition is not abnormal in OI. Despite the negative biochemical findings, a consistent defect in the morphology of OI cells was identified in the log phase and the confluent phase of monolayer cultures. The finding is characterized by irregular packing of the aggregated cells and by an irregular tessellated appearance of the individual OI fibroblast. This observation reassures us that the inherited defect is expressed in vitro. PMID- 1118196 TI - Some effects of postnatal zinc deficiency on developing rat brain. AB - A deficiency of dietary zinc during the suckling period of the rat results in a depression in normal growth, which is, in part, due to the inanition experienced by the dam. The pups from such zinc-deficient dams have smaller forebrains at all of the time intervals investigated in comparison with pups from both zinc adequate controls. The cell number of the forebrain of the zinc-deficient pup was also reduced in comparison with the zinc-adequate pups. RNA concentration did not appear to be affected, although the total RNA content was reduced because of the smaller brain size. The amount of protein per cell was reduced at 6 and 15 days in the zinc-deficient forebrain and polysomal profiles displayed abnormal distribution of material between monosomes and polysomes in the zinc-deficient brain. Zinc deficiency during the suckling period thus appears to disadvantage the animal in terms of body, brain growth, accretion of cells into the forebrain, and normal protein metabolism. PMID- 1118197 TI - Some effects of prenatal zinc deficiency on behavior of the adult rat. AB - The effect of zinc deficiency during the latter third of gestation on avoidance conditioning of young adult male rats was compared with the effect of intrauterine starvation and normal pregnancy. Animals which had experienced zinc deficiency avoided shock less well than the offspring of pair-fed control dams. The offspring of pair-fed dams avoided shock less well than animals which were the product of normal pregnancy. Response latencies were inferior in the zinc deficient group, whereas intertrial responses were less on both the previous zinc deficient and intrauterine starved animals. PMID- 1118198 TI - Appearance of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the developing human heart. AB - Highly significant (P smaller than 0.0025) increases in adenylate cyclase activity were seen at all fetal age periods (5-17 weeks) whenever sodium fluoride (5-10 mM) was added to the enzyme prepared from human myocardium. Norepinephrine (NE) at 10-4 M significantly elevated adenylate cyclase activity commencing at 6 7 weeks (P smaller than 0.01). Beginning at 8-9 fetal weeks, glucagon (6x10-6 M) effectively activated adenylate cyclase. Other hormonal agents, namely, histamine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol at 10-4 M, demonstrated an ability to activate the enzyme (P smaller than 0.025) by as early as 6-7 weeks and continued to act in this manner throughout the remainder of the developmental periods investigated. The beta blocking agents, propranolol, significantly inhibited (P smaller than 0.25) the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by NE throughout the 8-15 fetal week periods. PMID- 1118199 TI - [Some observations on the cytokinetics of acute leukemias in children in the light of electron microscopic studies]. PMID- 1118200 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin level during treatment of acute leukemias in children]. PMID- 1118201 TI - [Meningo-cerebral leukemia in children and the bone marrow phase in acute leukemia]. PMID- 1118202 TI - [Determination of serum transferrin level and the degree of iron saturation of transferrin helathy children]. PMID- 1118203 TI - [Iron-deficiency anemia in children with malabsorption syndrome]. PMID- 1118204 TI - [Secificity of passive hemagglutination tests in the seroloogical diagnosis of urinary tract infections. III. level of antibodies against the component of ca kunin antigens of entrobacteriaceae in the sera of affected children and adult blood donors]. PMID- 1118205 TI - [Analysis of speech development disorders in children with manifestations damage to other nervous system functions]. PMID- 1118206 TI - [Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic problems in newborn infants with perinatal injuries of the central nervous system]. PMID- 1118207 TI - Separation protest in day-care and home-reared infants. AB - Separation protest was measured by the onset and duration of fretting or crying in 24 day-care and 28 home-reared infants during a two-minute period of isolated separation from their mothers in an unfamiliar room. Separation episodes were repeated under similarly controlled circumstances at two-month intervals from 3 1/2 through 13 1/2 months and at 20 months of age. The composition of the day care and home-reared groups was similar for sex, ordinal position, and family background. Day-care and home-reared infants showed similar patterns in the manifestation of separation protest over age, with sharp reductions in latency to crying and marked increases in the occurrence of crying at 9 1/2 and 13 1/2 months. These results suggest that the psychological processes underlying separation protest are not materially altered by the continuing presence of the young infant in a day-care program designed to meet both his physical and psychological requirements. PMID- 1118208 TI - Clindamycin treatment of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children. AB - Forty-eight children, 1 month to 14 years of age, including 11 patients with untreated acute osteomyelitis, 8 with pretreated acute osteomyelitis, 12 with septic arthritis, and 11 with cellulitis or soft tissue abscess, were treated with clindamycin. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the blood, synovial fluid, bone, or soft tissues of 27 of these individuals while group A, beta hemolytic streptococci or Clostridia were isolated from 9 patients. Clindamycin was provided intravenously until patients were afebrile for three days followed by orally administered clindamycin for one week in patients with cellulitis to as long as six months in patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Clinical and bacteriologic responses to treatment generally were excellent, most likely reflecting the excellent serum and tissue concentrations of clindamycin which were achieved. Serum concentrations of clindamycin following intravenous infusion at 20 to 30 mg/kg/day in three divided doses were 8- to 32-fold in excess of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of all organisms isolated in this study. Bone and synovial fluid concentrations of clindamycin were 60% to 85% of the serum concentrations measured concomitantly. Clindamycin provides an effective alternative treatment of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children who are sensitive to penicillin. PMID- 1118209 TI - Transcutaneous determination of arterial oxygen tension. AB - Arterial oxygen tension measurements were performed simultaneously using two different techniques: (1) the conventional method of analyzing a blood sample obtained from the radial artery by means of a Clark electrode and (2) a new method of transcutaneous oxygen tension recording using a newly developed surface electrode containing a built-in heating device to ensure optimal cutaneous perfusion at the site of measurement. Two groups of newborn infants were used as subjects: (1) 70 clinically healthy babies who were tested during normoxia and hyperoxia (breathing 80% to 100% oxygen) and (2) 20 sick preterm and term infants receiving inspired oxygen concentrations of between 21% and 100% during the measurement. Our results indicate a satisfactory accuracy for the transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements in normoxia and hyperoxia (percentage coefficient of variation, 15.9% and 24.1%, respectively). In hypoxia agreement between the two methods varies depending on the degree of circulatory derangement. Overall correlation coefficients were greater than 0.85 in each group. PMID- 1118210 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica arthritis. AB - Human infections with Yersinia were first recognized and reported in upper New York State almost 40 years ago. Recently, there have been increasing numbers of reports from Scandinavia of episodes of polyarthritis associated with Yersinia infections. A 6-month-old girl from upstate New York had a fever of 40 C for two weeks and green watery diarrhea, and irritability was noted when she was handled. An evanescent rash was most apparent at times of temperature elevations. Her mother and father had had diarrhea during the month preceding the child's illness. Stool cultures were grown in an effort to identify Yersinia enterocolitica if it was present, and the organism was found. A rise in serum agglutination titer against polyvalent Y. enterocolitica was demonstrated from zero to 1:256 dilutions. Y. enterocolitica is probably a cause of arthritis, mesenteric adenitis, and erythema nodosum in the United States. PMID- 1118211 TI - Limb blood flow following umbilical arterial catheterization. AB - Stimulated blood flow was measured in the legs of 28 infants who had undergone umbilical arterial catheterization in the neonatal period. Catheter tips were positioned in the region of the aortic bifurcation, and only an isotonic saline/dextrose solution was continuously pumped through the catheter. The catheters were in place for an average of 58.3 hours (range, 4 to 144), and the infants were studied between 29 and 135 days of age (mean, 67 days). Blood flow in both legs was measured simultaneously by venous occlusion plethysmography using a mercury-in-rubber strain gauge. Analysis of peak stimulated blood flow in each leg and simultaneous flow in the opposite leg showed no difference between flow in the leg whose iliac artery had been catheterized in the neonatal period and flow in the opposite leg (paired t-test equal 0.17; P greater.50). No chronic, subclinical flow deficiencies of umbilical arterial catheterization were demonstrable. We see no new reason to curtail the judicious use of the umbilical artery catheter. PMID- 1118212 TI - Systematic utilization of data for analysis of a pediatric emergency-room experience. AB - This report describes the systematic use of emergency-room data to (1) define the experiences of a group of pediatric interns in their emergency-room rotation (especially as they relate to their role as future pediatric practitioners), (2) evaluate, supervise, and learn from their performance in this primary care setting, and (3) provide an ongoing weekly list of illnesses diagnosed in the emergency room as an epidemiological sentinel for the larger community. The future applications of this type of systematic approach, perhaps with computer technology, offer the opportunity for comparison of delivery, quality, and cost of health care between various sources of primary care (emergency-room facilities, private physicians' offices, neighborhood health centers, and health maintenance organizations. PMID- 1118213 TI - Compatible transfusion therapy for paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. AB - Two children with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) are described. Both cases were associated with cold-warm serum lysins having anti-Tja activity. Transfusion with compatible frozen-thawed red cells tided these children over the critical acute hemolytic phase of the syndrome. These are the first recorded examples of successful compatible transfusion therapy in PCH. PMID- 1118214 TI - Manpower training and child-development services. AB - Making quality child-development services available for children of mothers in one vocational training program significantly improved the mothers' performances. On the average, mothers with children receiving these services stayed in the Job Corps longer and more frequently completed their vocational training program. Since longer length of stay and program completion show a positive correlation with a better chance of placement and higher initial wage, the new Job Corps program improves a mother's potential for economic self-sufficiency. In addition, mothers in the program are able to learn how to better understand their children and provide for their needs. Nonresident mothers in the new mother-and-child program performed as well as resident mothers. This similarity points towards the widespread potential for initiating similar programs in many vocational training and educational settings. If, as in the Job Corps program, providing quality child-care arrangements for mothers in such settings as high schools, colleges, other manpower training programs, prisons, and places of employment can improve the mother's general motivation, enhance her earning capacity, and improve her ability to be a good mother, then dollars invested in these programs will show a high return. PMID- 1118215 TI - An interaction guide for a neonatal special-care unit. PMID- 1118216 TI - Teen-agers evaluate their own health care. PMID- 1118217 TI - Letter: Brachial palsy and television watching. PMID- 1118218 TI - Letter: Metric blood levels of diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 1118219 TI - Letter: Comment on dental articles. PMID- 1118220 TI - Letter: What about fluoride for infants? PMID- 1118221 TI - Letter: Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) in Athens, Greece. PMID- 1118222 TI - Letter: Questions regarding neonatal hepatitis. PMID- 1118223 TI - Letter: Not all children are magpies. PMID- 1118224 TI - Letter: Pedodontics. PMID- 1118225 TI - Letter: The older abused child. PMID- 1118226 TI - Letter: Winter baby--a late walker. PMID- 1118227 TI - Letter: Should all children with a positive blood culture have a lumbar puncture? PMID- 1118228 TI - Letter: Sacral agenesis. PMID- 1118229 TI - [Endoscopic studies of the stomach in children with chronic gastritis]. PMID- 1118230 TI - [Functional state of the pancreas in chronic gastritis of children]. PMID- 1118231 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of chronic enteritis in children]. PMID- 1118232 TI - [Condition of gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer in children]. PMID- 1118233 TI - [Further improvement of organization of child nutrition]. PMID- 1118234 TI - [Roentgenological detection of ulcer of the duodenal bulb in children]. PMID- 1118235 TI - [Certain biochemical indicators of bile composition in biliary tract diseases in children]. PMID- 1118236 TI - [Evaluation of the functional state of the hepato-biliary system in younger school children with chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 1118237 TI - [Intravenous cholegraphy in the evaluation of the condition of the bile-excretory system in cholepathies in children]. PMID- 1118238 TI - [Trace element content in chronic cholecystitis in children]. PMID- 1118239 TI - [Structural-functional studies of the liver and importance of the electron microscopic method in chronic hepatitis in children]. PMID- 1118240 TI - [Substantiation of the fat composition of the ration of children with chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 1118241 TI - [Endoscopic studies in certain gastroenterological diseases in children]. PMID- 1118242 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the content of serum iron in liver cirrhosis in children]. PMID- 1118243 TI - [Cyclic fluctuation of enzymatic status of lymphocytes during treatment with prednisolone in children with chronic liver disease]. PMID- 1118244 TI - [Methods of examination of the pancreas and their importance in a pediatric clinic]. PMID- 1118245 TI - [Radioisotope diagnosis in pediatrics]. PMID- 1118246 TI - [Exudative enteropathy in a 6-month-old child]. PMID- 1118247 TI - [Case of agenesis of the kidneys]. PMID- 1118248 TI - Bender-Gestalt test and background interference procedure in discernment of organic brain damage. AB - Although the Bender-Gestalt test has proven adequate in differentiating groups of organic from groups of nonorganic Ss, attempts at individual diagnosis have frequently met with failure. Canter's Background Interference Procedure was designed to increase the sensitivity of the Bender test to the discernment of organic brain damage. The purpose of this paper was to check the validity of the Canter procedure, and to investigate its applicability to Hain's scoring system for the Bender test. 20 brain-damaged patients, 20 schizophrenics and 20 nonorganic, non-brain-damaged patients were matched for age and intelligence. Each of these groups was further divided into outpatients and inpatients. All patients were administered the Bender test on the standard white paper, the WAIS vocabulary subtest, and again the Bender test, on paper for the Background Interference Procedure. Significant results were obtained with the Background Interference administration for both Pascal-Suttell's and Hain's scoring systems where the standard administration had failed to yield significance. The tentative criteria proposed by Canter for individual diagnosis, however, were adequate for Pascal-Suttell's scoring system but not for Hain's method. Possible explanations for this disagreement, as well as suggestions for further research, are offered. PMID- 1118249 TI - Development of praxis in children. AB - Praxis was defined as the ability to perform skilled movements on command or demonstration. The performances of 87 normal male children, ages 1 to 6 yr., were assessed on four measures of praxis: oral praxis command, oral praxis demonstration, limb praxis command, and limb praxis demonstration. These measures were also correlated with measures of language and articulation development for the entire group across ages and for yearly age intervals. Results showed an orderly emergence of praxis in all measures beginning about age 1 and reaching nearly perfect performance by age 6. Predictably, ability to follow demonstration emerged earlier than ability to follow spoken commands. Praxis correlated somewhat with articulation and language skills at age 2 but the magnitude of the correlations decreased with increasing age intervals. Normative data are provided for clinical researchers interested in studying "apraxic" children. PMID- 1118250 TI - Immediate recall fo semantically varied "sentences" by learning-disabled adolescents. AB - The immediate recall of 20 semantically and syntactically varied sentences was assessed and compared for 30 learning-disabled and 30 academically achieving adolescents. Learning-disabled adolescents repeated significantly fewer of the sentences verbatim than their achieving age peers. They exhibited significant reductions in the recall of sentences which violated semantic (selectional) rules, contained correctly and incorrectly sequenced modifier-strings, contained a random word-setting, or were syntactically complex. Perseveration errors occured more frequently among the learning-disabled adolescents than among the achievers and inter-sentence perseverative errors were exhibited only by those who were learning disabled. The rank order of difficulty for the sentences agreed for the two groups, suggesting primarily quantitative reductions in the immediate recall by the learning-disabled adolescents. The findings suggest that learning disabled adolescents depend heavily upon semantic aspects for language processing, experience immediate memory and sequencing problems for modifier strings, and exhibit a prevalence of interfering perseverative responses. PMID- 1118251 TI - Paradoxical effects of caffeine. PMID- 1118252 TI - Effects of post-hypnotic suggestions on muscular endurance. AB - This study examined the effects of post-hypnotic suggestions upon maximal endurance capacity, Borg ratings of perceived exertion, and heart rate. Experimental subjects were administered post-hypnotic suggestions to improve or decrease performance, and control subjects were given similar instructions during the awake state. Endurance time could be decreased significantly when the fatigue suggestion was given to experimental subjects, but performance could not be enhanced with the facilitating suggestion. Control subjects showed no significant changes across conditions. The Borg ratings indicated that experimental subjects experienced subjective changes as suggested by the hypnotist. In addition, analysis failed to find any significant differences for the heart-rate data. PMID- 1118253 TI - Prediction of perceptual defense from experimental stress and susceptibility to stress as indicated by thematic apperception. AB - The present investigation tested the hypothesis advanced by J. Inglis (1961) that perceptual defense and perceptual vigilance result from an interaction between personality differences and degrees of experimental stress. The design, which controlled for questionable procedures used in previous studies, utilized 32 introverts and 32 extraverts, half male and half female, in an experiment with a visual recognition-task. Results indicated that under low-stress conditions introverts and extraverts identified by their response to a thematic apperception task react to threatening stimuli with perceptual defense and perceptual vigilance, respectively. Under high-stress conditions, type of avoidance activity reverses; extraverts react with perceptual defense and introverts with perceptual vigilance. It was suggested that, when both personality and stress variables are controlled, results of the perceptual defense paradigm are predictable and consistent, in support of Inglis' hypothesis. PMID- 1118254 TI - Contrast effects in the response to art. AB - Slides of traditional and abstract paintings were rated for either preference or complexity by 120 Ss following their earlier exposure to a contrasting series of slides of another type of art. Traditional art was liked more when it followed abstract art than when it was viewed after its own type of art. Abstract art, on the other hand, was liked less when it followed traditional art than when it followed the same type of art. Complexity judgments for both types of art, compared to their ratings without an earlier contrasting series, increased after seeing another type of art, although traditional art increased more than abstract art did. These findings were related to several theoretical approaches to cognition, general psychology, aesthetics, and the practical problems of art education. The research also illustrated that the humanistic content of experimental psychology can be broadened by including aesthetics and that experimental aesthetics can be liberalized by using slides showing real art. PMID- 1118255 TI - Project Re-ed: increase in self-esteem as measured by the Coopersmith Inventory. AB - A group of boys and girls (9 to 15 yr. of age) who were identified as emotionally disturbed and in residential enrollment at a short-term (2 to 15 mo.) high-impact residential treatment center displayed a significant gain on the Coopersmith Self esteem Inventory. Of the 59 children 37 showed a gain; 19 showed a decrease. PMID- 1118256 TI - Effect of speed adaptation on performance in a self-paced tracking task. AB - 12 Ss were required to perform a self-paced tracking task designed to simulate 'hazardous' road conditions. Those 6 Ss who had previously been exposed to a simple, high-speed version of the task travelled faster and made more errors on the hazardous task than 6 control Ss who performed the hazardous task throughout the experiment. The findings supplement earlier studies of the effect of speed adaptation on the judgment of speed and suggest that, in addition to perceptual distortions, an acquired motivation for speed may be an important factor in the behaviour of drivers leaving high-speed roads. PMID- 1118257 TI - Relationship between auditory discrimination, articulation stimulability, and consistency of misarticulation. AB - A study was conducted to measure the relationship between auditory discrimination, articulation stimulability, and consistency of misarticulation. Data were based on the Carter-Buck Nonsense-Syllable Imitation Test for stimulability of /s/, the McDonald Deep Test of Articulation which measured consistency of misarticulation of /s/, and the Farquhar-Bankson In-depth Test of Auditory Discrimination which measured external and internal auditory discrimination of /s/. Ss were 25 kindergarten and first grade children with normal hearing and intelligence. No S had received any speech therapy. Each S misarticulated a minimum of three /s/ items on the McDonald Screening Test of Articulation. No more than one phoneme was misarticulated in addition to misarticulation of /s/. A significant correlation between the child's ability to discriminate his own production of /s/ (internal or self-monitoring) and the consistency of misarticulation of /s/ was obtained, as well as one between the consistency of misarticulation of /s/ and the stimulability of /s/. No statistically significant correlations were found between the other variables. A low nonsignificant correlation was found between the stimulability of /s/ and internal discrimination abilities. Different types of discrimination tasks were of varying difficulty. Performance on external discrimination items was better than for internal discrimination items. PMID- 1118258 TI - Pulse rate and sleeplessness in relation to nosological distinctions in schizophrenia. PMID- 1118259 TI - Arousal and preferences for complexity in infants. AB - To determine the effects of arousal on preference for complexity 9 infants (16 to 18 mo.) were exposed to different levels of complexity under low and high hunger drive. Low-hunger Ss showed longer fixation time than high-hunger Ss toward all stimuli and showed relatively greater preference for complexity than high-hunger Ss. The results were interpreted in terms of optimal-stimulation theory and information-processing theory. PMID- 1118260 TI - Visual imagery and religious ceremonial. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine whether visual imagery occurs more in 49 'high church' than in 40 'low church' individuals. Since visual imagery is positively related to need for stimulation, it might be expected that people with a preference for ceremonial would tend to image more vividly. In this study, imagery tended to be stronger among 'low church' individuals, however. PMID- 1118261 TI - Psychophysical preference for harmonized musical passages in the Just and Equal Tempered systems. AB - Preferences were obtained from both experienced and untrained Ss concerning musical passages presented in both Just (natural) and Equal Tempered (synthetic) tuning systems. While a significant preference for Just tonation was recorded for all Ss, no significant difference for preference was found between moderately experienced musicians and non-performers. Boys showed a greater, and significant, preference for Just tuning than did girls. PMID- 1118262 TI - Field dependence--independence, social--non-social play and sex differences in preschool children. AB - The present study investigated the hypothesis that preschool children who spend more time in social play than in non-social play would be more field-dependent than their field-independent counterparts. Over-all the hypothesis was supported by the results. Although the social-non-social dimension appeared to account for most of the findings, correlations between individual play activities and field dependence suggested that this single dimension could not adequately account for all of the findings. The dimension of perceptual-motor demand required in some of the activities may have been involved as well. Discussion focused on the complexity of the play preference, cognitive findings, and on sex differences as well. PMID- 1118263 TI - Organizational properties in a cutaneous memory-scanning task. AB - An experiment investigated the notion that organizational properties operate in a memory-scanning task using cutaneous stimuli. The results indicated that the open closed nature of the positive set is a significant factor in a cutaneous memory scanning task. Set-size was not a significant factor. The data suggest there are some organizational processes in a cutaneous memory-scanning task, however, these processes do not seem to be completely analogous to those used in visual and auditory memory-scanning tasks. PMID- 1118264 TI - Curved contours and the associative response. AB - 72 random polygons and their curvilinear transformations were exposed for 3 sec. to 40 subjects who produced written associations during a 10-sec. interval. The number of associations varied, in general, directly with the amount of curved contour as well as with the degree of contour dispersion. The amount of variance accounted for by these two variables was small, however. Differences in curvature produced much greater differences in the content of the associations, greater degrees of curvature evoking more associations that were curved, man-made objects or living things and fewer associations that were straight-edged, man-made objects. A significant and inverse relationship was also established between contour dispersion and associations that were non-living, natural objects. It is concluded that physical form dimensions, especially curvature, affect less the association value (connotative meaning) of visual forms and much more their denotative meaning. PMID- 1118265 TI - IES Arrow-Dot longitudinal study of personality development in preschool children. AB - Preschool children were administered the IES Arrow-Dot at the beginning and end of the school year and scores compared with those based on a prior study in a Montessori preschool. Developmental trends of declining Impulsivity and rising Ego scores were corroborated. Superego development remained almost stable in contrast to a significant rise for the Montessori sample. Results support effective use of the test with preschoolers to assess baselines and developmental patterns of personality integration. PMID- 1118266 TI - Apparent reversals for circular and elliptical stimuli. AB - Number of apparent reversals for various patterned ellipses and circles was investigated. Ellipses produced significantly more reversals than circles. Patterned stimuli produced a number of reversals dependent upon pattern orientation and corroborated predictions consistent with Power and Day's (1973) general constancy theory for apparent reversals. PMID- 1118267 TI - Arousal and learning, and noncontingency detection in one-year-old infants. AB - The relationship between arousal and learning was studied with 6 infants 1 yr. of age on a two-choice discrimination learning task. The behavioral indices of arousal (activity level) and learning (response rate and reinforcements) correlated significantly (r, .44). Affective state correlated positively with activity level (r, .47) during the learning phase of the experiment. Two control conditions were presented following the learning phase of the experiment. Noncontingent (response independent) reinforcement produced significantly faster response deceleration than nonreinforcement. Affective response did not differ between nonreinforcement and noncontingent reinforcement conditions. PMID- 1118268 TI - Receptive styles of implicit communication: a look at student actors and clinicians. PMID- 1118269 TI - Locus stabilization with parallel rectilinear dot-progressions. AB - Illusory displacement measures ("straight" or "crooked") were compared for single vs parallel rectilinear light progressions in 24 educable mental retardates and 24 normals of equal MA. For both groups, frequency of perceived "straight" responses was greater for the parallel- than for the single-line progressions. It was concluded that concurrent stimulation by two proximate visual stimuli rather than the presence of supplementary interstimulus mediatory referents is sufficient to facilitate veridical perception of successive light positions. Comparable performance by the normals and retardates substantiates previous findings. PMID- 1118270 TI - Effects of auditory and visual modalities in recall of words. AB - Ten experimental conditions were used to study the effects of auditory and visual (printed words, uncolored and colored pictures) modalities and their various combinations with college students. A recall paradigm was employed in which subjects responded in a written test. Analysis of data showed the auditory modality was superior to visual (pictures) ones but was not significantly different from visual (printed words) modality. In visual modalities, printed words were superior to colored pictures. Generally, conditions with multiple modes of representation of stimuli were significantly higher than for conditions with single modes. Multiple modalities, consisting of two or three modes, did not differ significantly from each other. It was concluded that any two modalities of the stimuli presented simultaneously were just as effective as three in recall of stimulus words. PMID- 1118271 TI - Speech remediation of children involved in two different physical education programs. AB - 25 children with severe speech defects and receiving specialized therapy in a camp were randomly assigned to either a physical education program with an emphasis on recreational games or perceptual-motor instruction. All children were administered 6 pre- and posttests of language and speech proficiency. The recreation games group achieved slightly more statistically significant improvements. PMID- 1118272 TI - Social desirability and self-reports of mood: a rejoinder. AB - Warehime and Jones found moderate correlations between social desirability and short-term mood level scores on the Wessman-Ricks Personal Feeling Scales. They suggested that it might be valuable to study patterns of dissimulation in self reports of immediate feeling states. In the present authors' studies involving long-term mood reports and multivariate methods, social desirability was shown to have a moderately weak relationship with measures of mood level and mood variability. Under conditions of confidentiality and good rapport, repeated self reports of mood appeared to share more variance with important personality characteristics and situational influences than with social desirability per se. PMID- 1118273 TI - Short-term motor memory in Korsakoff patients. AB - 10 amnesic alcoholic Korsakoff patients were compared with 10 chronic alcoholics for their ability to retain a simple motor movement over either a 10- or 20-sec. interval. During this interval the opportunity for rehearsal was minimized by having the patients engage in either a verbal or a motor distractor task. Under both conditions the Korsakoff patients were impaired relative to the control subjects, with very little difference between the two types of interference. It was concluded that Korsakoff patients have a short-term motor retention deficit that cannot be explained simply as an inability to mediate the task verbally. PMID- 1118274 TI - Perceptual style and fencing skill. PMID- 1118275 TI - Conditioning changes in differential skin temperature. AB - 8 male Ss were presented with visual and auditory analog feedback regarding the difference between forehead and finger temperature. 4 Ss were instructed to raise the temperature of their finger in comparison with the forehead, while a second group of 4 Ss was instructed to lower the temperature of their finger in comparison with the temperature of the forehead. After 12 15-min. training sessions all Ss were able to produce changes in differential skin temperature in the specified direction. Differential changes in skin temperature correlated highly with changes in absolute finger temperature. These results are discussed as relevant to the clinical application of skin temperature control. PMID- 1118276 TI - A note on illusions. AB - The crucial factor in illusion is not in perception but rather in the assumption that all two-dimensional drawings represent two-dimensional reality. This leads in some cases to making unwarranted comparisons between parts of the figures. PMID- 1118277 TI - Interviewer's role-playing and responses to sensory deprivation: a clinical demonstration. AB - 10 Ss with a history of intransigent hypochondriacal personality disorder were subjected to 2-1/2 hr. of sensory deprivation preceded and followed by planned interviewing procedures. Each interview was designed to prestructure the interpersonal meaning of the experience of sensory deprivation and selectively reinforce social roles antithetical to S's characteristic, maladaptive interpersonal behavior. As predicted, Ss showed a significant (p smaller than .01) shift from passively hostile to an actively warm social role. The changes in social role were also reflected in a significant (p smaller than .01) reduction in number of medical clinic visits. These effects were still operative 30 days following the procedure, whereas an equated baseline group of 10 Ss showed no significant change in behavior over the same period of time. PMID- 1118278 TI - Pleasingness vs interestingness of visual stimuli with controlled complexity: their relationship to looking time as a function of exposure time. AB - Ss take more time to perceive interesting/displeasing stimuli than uninteresting/pleasing ones. This is consistent with the results of former experiments. However we used a different operationalization of looking time, based on binocular rivalry. Each of six stimulus pairs was presented in a stereoscope. One member of each pair was interesting but displeasing in comparison to the other member. Stimulus complexity was under control. Due to binocular rivalry Ss perceived only one pattern a time. 20 Ss were asked to indicate which pattern they actually saw by pushing two buttons. For each stimulus pair was registered how long each button was pushed during each of six successive minutes. Unlike other operationalizations this one is less dependent on S's determination of what stimulus will be looked at or for how long. It has the advantage that it is bound up more exclusively with relations of similarity and dissimilarity between stimulus elements. It allows manipulation of exposure time in a systematic and continous way. There is no significant interaction between looking and exposure time. PMID- 1118279 TI - Effects of layout of workplace on pupillary diameter. PMID- 1118280 TI - Haptic-visual form identification in children aged 4 through 13. AB - Children 4 through 13 yr. of age performed on a haptic-to-visual form identification task. The obtained curves showed that for both sexes, rate of improvement slowed down at approximately 9 yr. of age. PMID- 1118281 TI - Children's constructions of their self-images. AB - In order to trace the normal development of the self-qua-body image during elementary school age, 250 public school children in that age range were tested. The test devised involved assembling self-replicas from a standard array of 37 jigsaw-like, prefashioned segments representing various body parts. A highly reliable and flexible quantitative scoring scheme was applied to the resulting protocols. Mean performance improved with age until age 10 yr., except for judgments of body proportions. Recurrent error patterns involved omission of arms, hands and feet, underestimation of body size relative to head size, and mislocation of upper and lower extremities. On the basis of the results, it was hypothesized that the arms and hands often are not as integral to the body image as are the head, trunk and legs. In most respects, qualitive performance was not affected by sex or IQ. Performance on the self-image construction test was compared with children's self-drawings and the implications of some commonalities as well as disparities in the two methods were discussed. PMID- 1118282 TI - Successive processing of color and form from brief visual displays. AB - Visual processing of multidimensional stimuli was explored with a task designed to determine the number of separable perceptual stages operating and the nature of their relationship. Displays containing 2 rows of 5 randomly selected letters were presented briefly. In half the displays, 1 of the 10 letters was red and the other 9 black; in the remaining displays, all 10 letters were black. Ss made two responses to each display; color detection, in which the presence or absence of a red letter was judged, and letter naming, in which Ss reported as many letters as they could. The findings suggested that the two tasks were performed by separate perceptual mechanisms and the selection of letters to be named could be influenced by the information acquired by the color-detection mechanism. PMID- 1118283 TI - Personality, emotional state, and perception of nonverbal communications. AB - The study investigated whether emotionally provoking disagreements between 36 marriage partners influenced their ability to identify each other's feelings from tone of voice cues. The results suggested that among the males the ability of stable introverts to identify increased after disagreements, while that of neurotic introverts decreased (p smaller than 0.01). PMID- 1118284 TI - Measurement of subvocal speech: correlations between two muscle leads and between two recording methods. AB - Electromyographical (EMG) activity was recorded from both the lip and the chin speech muscles of 46 preschool children while they silently memorized names of pictures in a memory task. Correlations between responses from the lip and chin muscle channels, performed for each trial, were high. A more sensitive measurement procedure of squaring and integrating voltages was used to quantify EMG activity. Correlations per each trial of squared, integrated voltages with amplitude of the single highest pen deflections (a commonly used measurement in studies of subvocal speech) were somewhat lower than desirable; correlations with amplitude of the five highest pen deflections were noticabley higher. PMID- 1118285 TI - Relationship of objective score, perceptual trace, and practice method in learning to balance. AB - The relationship of the perceptual trace to the objective score (raw score) under three practice conditions was the main concern of this study. Three groups of 14 Ss performed 35 trials on a stabilometer balancing task. Ss were asked to estimate how well they did after each trial. The difference between S's actual score and his guess was used as a measure of the perceptual trace. While performance and time estimations improved with practice, they correlated very low. The results were discussed in the context of Adams' closed-loop theory and gave mixed support for the theory. PMID- 1118286 TI - Effects of environmental noises on estimation of duration. PMID- 1118287 TI - Toward a modification of the indices of neonatal prematurity. AB - In a study of 233 infants, traditional indices of neonatal prematurity were excessively high for predicting developmental lag at 1 yr., and alternative cut off scores were suggested. Prematurity indices were especially important for infants with below-average development. PMID- 1118288 TI - Duration of stimulus presentation and screening for perceptual disabilities. AB - This study examined the effects of increasing the stimulus-presentation time of a motion picture test for identifying perceptual disabilities in the performance of Ss in regular first and fourth grade classrooms and on a sample of Ss in special education classes who had been identified as having varying degrees of perceptual deficiencies. The length of stimulus presentation increased the total performance of Ss on the motion picture test but did not add to the value of the instrument as a screening device. PMID- 1118289 TI - Integrational deficits in children with visual-perceptual-motor disabilities. AB - To assess the psycholinguistic and perceptual aspects of their differential performance, 12 normal and 12 learning disabled children in elementary school were tested on a visual-motor task, both with and without an added verbal component. No differences were found for motor performance in any condition, but significant differences were found for linguistic performance during the combined task. The power of linguistic performance during the combined task to serve as a means of diagnosis for learning disabilities was explained as an indication of delayed development of the ability to superimpose process upon process. PMID- 1118290 TI - Is construction reserved for the target during visual search? AB - This study was designed to examine the possibility, that where there is high similarity between irrelevant and target letters, the irrelevant letter will be constructed to sudents each attended a 1-hr. experimental session in which they searched 25 lists, followed by a recognition test. The lists were made up from the upper case letters of the alphabet, and during the recognition test each S was required to indicate how many times each of the irrelevant letters had appeared on the final list searched. Analysis of variance showed a significant recognition frequency effect. The results indicated Neisser's (1967) view, that during visual search construction is reserved for the target, may require modification. PMID- 1118291 TI - Relationship of acoustic parameters and perceptual ratings of esophageal speech. AB - For 10 male and 10 female esophageal speakers selected acoustic and perceptual dimensions of esophageal speech were investigated to determine the intercorrelations of the following measures: intelligibility, articulation, rate, fundamental frequency, mean relative intensity, and effectiveness. Results indicate that only articulation and effectiveness were significantly correlated with intelligibility, whereas measures of intelligibility, articulation, rate, fundamental frequency, and mean relative intensity were all significantly correlated with effectiveness ratings. PMID- 1118292 TI - A video-tape study on the relationship between wearing spectacles and judgments of intelligence. AB - Video-tapes were made of men and women students with and without spectacles. Judges rated 7 of the 8 Ss as being more intelligent when wearing spectacles. PMID- 1118293 TI - Simultaneous disappearances of both images during binocular rivalry of contours and effect on eye-blink rate. AB - Simultaneous disappearances of both rivalry images were reported by 28 women who reported on the rivalry 3.2 degree diagonal rivalry contours for 10 min. of continuous viewing. The data support the notion that suppression of images during binocular rivalry is independent in both eyes. In a second study, 48 women reported simultaneous disappearances during the rivalry of 3.2 degree vertical and horizontal contours for 10 min. of continuous viewing under one of two blink rate instruction conditions. Fewer simultaneous disappearances were reported by Ss instructed to blink every 5 sec. than by Ss instructed to blink every 15 sec. Blinking may reduce the probability of simultaneous disappearances in rivalry. In both studies, the fusion squares surrounding the rivalry stimuli were continuously perceived. PMID- 1118294 TI - Self-perceptions of creativity among academic inventors and non-inventors. PMID- 1118295 TI - On the psychophysical law: an information theory interpretation. AB - For more than a century Fechner's psychophysical law has been the subject of dispute and debate. Fechner based his law on Weber's indisputable observations and measurements. Yet, using these observations as a starting point, but measuring information instead of sensation, one may arrive at numerical laws quite different from Fechner's psychophysical law. PMID- 1118296 TI - Clinical and "actuarial" evaluation of organic brain damage by psychologists and non-psychologists using the Memory-for-Designs. AB - This study examined the effects of type of training and level of education on clinical judgment, as demonstrated in "clinical" and "actuarial" evaluation of the Graham-Kendall Memory-for-Designs (1960). Protocols of 6 organic and 6 non organic patients matched for age and IQ were evaluated by 18 judges. Nine of the judges were psychologists and nine had degrees in some field other than psychology. In each group 3 judges had PhDs, 3 had Master's degrees and 3 had Bachelor's degrees. There was no significant difference (p greater than .01) between the 2 groups in clinical or actuarial diagnoses of brain damage regardless of level of education, and inter-rater reliability was all but identical. Results were consistent with other research on clinical judgment. PMID- 1118297 TI - [Results of chemotherapy in patients with thymoma according to the records of the Institute of Oncology in Warsaw in the years 1958-1973]. PMID- 1118298 TI - [Granulomatous thymoma]. PMID- 1118299 TI - [Histopathology of thymic neoplasms]. PMID- 1118300 TI - [Morphology of thymic tumors in radiologic presentation]. PMID- 1118301 TI - [Radiological symptomatology of thymic tumors]. PMID- 1118302 TI - [Problems of thymus neoplasms. Introductory remarks]. PMID- 1118303 TI - [Contrast examinations in radiological diagnosis of thymic tumors]. PMID- 1118304 TI - [Immunologic disorders syndromes associated with thymomas. Mechanisms of their pathogenesis]. PMID- 1118305 TI - [Peculiarities of myasthenia gravis in patients with thymoma]. PMID- 1118306 TI - [Pathology of thymomas. Selected topics]. PMID- 1118307 TI - [Hematologic disorders associated with thymoma]. PMID- 1118308 TI - [Thymus neoplasms associated with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 1118309 TI - [Thymic cyst and thymoma: surgical treatment]. PMID- 1118310 TI - [Role of radiotherapy in the treatment of thymomas]. PMID- 1118311 TI - The nursing care plan as a basis for an information system based upon individualised patient care. PMID- 1118312 TI - Job performance review scheme. PMID- 1118313 TI - South East: accident services. PMID- 1118314 TI - South East Fonthill. PMID- 1118315 TI - South East: the care of psychogeriatric patients. PMID- 1118316 TI - South East: postmaturity. PMID- 1118317 TI - Incontinence - 4: the nursing component in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1118318 TI - Staff appraisal--a time to rethink. PMID- 1118320 TI - Nursing stress. PMID- 1118319 TI - Schizophrenia - 4: aggressives and natural isolates. PMID- 1118321 TI - The nursing care plan. 2. PMID- 1118322 TI - Planning the NHS. PMID- 1118323 TI - Phobia of bees and wasps. PMID- 1118324 TI - Nursing care study: chronic pyelonephritis with malignant hypertension. PMID- 1118325 TI - A need for reassurance. PMID- 1118326 TI - Attitudes of hospital patients. PMID- 1118327 TI - Incontinence. 5. Training and retraining for continence. PMID- 1118328 TI - Radiology in the investigation of strokes. PMID- 1118329 TI - [Blood serum serotonin in patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1118330 TI - [Comparative assessment of diagnostic value of determinations of effective thyroxine ratio in blood and urinary hydroxyproline excretion in patients with thyroid diseases]. PMID- 1118331 TI - [Modern causes of diagnostic difficulties and errors in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1118332 TI - [Early and late results of treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 1118333 TI - [Surgical treatment of inguinal hernia in children]. PMID- 1118334 TI - [Ophtalmological diagnostic methods in the evaluation of the efficiency of intracranial circulation]. PMID- 1118335 TI - [D-tubocurarine in the treatment of obliterative endarteritis]. PMID- 1118336 TI - [Determination of the correlation between epidemiologically syspected arterial coronary disease and the levels of neuroticism and extroversion in the population of Sochaczew]. PMID- 1118337 TI - [Case of primary duodenal cancer]. PMID- 1118338 TI - [Scleritis and generalized connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 1118339 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on the effects of anticogulant, fibrinolytic and antibacterial treatment of non-specific osteitis]. PMID- 1118340 TI - [Hemoglobin dissociation and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid level in patients with acute blood loss]. PMID- 1118341 TI - [24-hour cortisol profile in essential hypertension]. PMID- 1118342 TI - [Quantitative determination of free amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid by means of combined methods of ionophoresis and fractional chromatography]. PMID- 1118343 TI - [Anxiety states in patients with organic diseases of serious prognosis. A questionnaire study]. PMID- 1118344 TI - [Follow-up studies of patients following myocardial infarct. Effect of clinical features of acute diseases on long-term prognosis]. PMID- 1118345 TI - [Dextran 40,000 in the treatment of shock in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1118346 TI - [Benign (idiopathic) recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 1118347 TI - [Factors regulating free fatty acid blood levels during postprandial lipemia]. PMID- 1118348 TI - [Intoxication with Cicuta virosa]. PMID- 1118350 TI - [Indications for mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 1118349 TI - [Bronchospasmolytic and extrabronchial action of Berotec (Fenoterol, Th 1165) in patients with asthma or chronic bronchitis with bronchial spasm]. PMID- 1118351 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase activity in granulocytes of patients treated with x-rays for breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1118352 TI - [Inflammatory and tuberculous origin of solitary round shadows in the lungs]. PMID- 1118353 TI - [Radiological pulmonary changes in hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 1118354 TI - [Group E chromosome trisomy (Edward's syndrome) in a child with multiple developmental anomalies]. PMID- 1118355 TI - [Biseptol in urinary tract infections in children]. PMID- 1118356 TI - [Colonoscopy as a new diagnostic method in diseases of the large bowel]. PMID- 1118357 TI - [Mercury content of human milk]. PMID- 1118358 TI - [Effects of diet on 24-hour postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in patients following gastrectomy]. PMID- 1118359 TI - [Experimental studies on the effect of topical cooling on the histological changes in burned skin in rats]. PMID- 1118360 TI - [Results of electrical conversion under emergency conditions]. PMID- 1118361 TI - [Transverse myelitis caused by Coxsackie strain B virus infection]. PMID- 1118362 TI - [Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia in a case of renal cancer]. PMID- 1118363 TI - [Serotonin and the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 1118364 TI - [Health sequelae suffered as a result of technological advances and the mechanization of everyday life]. PMID- 1118366 TI - Stability evaluation of injection solutions of 7-beta methylthioethyltheophylline. PMID- 1118365 TI - The influence of cholinolytics on clonidine action. PMID- 1118367 TI - [Neoplasms of extrahepatic biliary tract]. PMID- 1118368 TI - [Segment resection in the treatment of injuries of the right hepatic lobe]. PMID- 1118369 TI - [Closure of large defects of duodenal wall with small intestine loop and tissue glue]. PMID- 1118370 TI - [Tissue glues in intestinal anastomosis in ileus]. PMID- 1118371 TI - [Multiple gastric and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 1118372 TI - [Coexistence of gastric and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 1118373 TI - [Chronic peptic ulcer in adolescents]. PMID- 1118374 TI - [Effect of vagotomy and pyloroplasty on changes in the activity of succinic dehydrogenase in gastric glands during long-term administration of hydrocortisone]. PMID- 1118375 TI - [Effect of venous stasis in intestinal loops on the development of peritoneal adhesions]. PMID- 1118376 TI - [Acute intestinal ischemia in surgical practice]. PMID- 1118377 TI - [Surgical problems connected with anatomical variations of the extrahepatic biliary tract]. PMID- 1118378 TI - [New method for the treatment of hepatic coma by way of total body wash-out]. PMID- 1118379 TI - [Omental cyst originating in the intestines]. PMID- 1118380 TI - [Accessory pancreas in gastric wall]. PMID- 1118381 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 1118382 TI - [Morphology and physiology of the autonomic nervous system of the liver]. PMID- 1118383 TI - [Metabolic response to 2-stage adrenalectomy in patients with Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 1118384 TI - [Extracorporeal circulation without thoracotomy in experimental pulmonary artery embolism]. PMID- 1118385 TI - [Studies of lymphocytes in direct lymphoctotoxicity test in surgical patients. I. Diagnostic value of the test]. PMID- 1118386 TI - [Anatomical basis of extracorporeal circulation without thoracotomy]. PMID- 1118387 TI - [Sphincterotomy and postoperative mortality following surgery of the common bile duct]. PMID- 1118388 TI - [Experimental studied on the degree of adaptation of the segment of the small intestine remaining following its extensive resection]. PMID- 1118389 TI - [Abdomino-perineal amputation of the rectum without suturing the peritoneum in small pelvis and without peritonization of the bed of the rectum]. PMID- 1118390 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in arteriosclerosis of the femoral and popliteal arteries]. PMID- 1118391 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 1118392 TI - [Surgical treatment of goiter in patients over 65 years of age]. PMID- 1118393 TI - [Treatment of osteitis by the Redon's aspiration-rinsing method with increased negative pressure]. PMID- 1118394 TI - [A device of our design for bone suturing of the sternum and ribs]. PMID- 1118395 TI - [Selectice denervation of the body and fundus of the stomach. Anatomical observations and surgical technic]. PMID- 1118396 TI - [Case of foreign body in the common bile duct]. PMID- 1118397 TI - [Giant primary liposarcoma of the omentum]. PMID- 1118398 TI - [Complete pancreatic rupture in multi-organ injuries]. PMID- 1118399 TI - [Highly selective vagotomy as a method of treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 1118400 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 1118401 TI - [Real and spurious possibilities of pharmacological dissolution of urinary calculi and preventing their recurrence]. PMID- 1118402 TI - [Penile carcinoma]. PMID- 1118403 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of the urogenital system in patients with tuberculosis]. PMID- 1118404 TI - [Results of treatment of prostatic carcinoma by means of transcystic prostatectomy combined with castration and hormonal therapy]. PMID- 1118405 TI - [Urinary tract bacterial flora in patients following urologic surgery and undergoing spa treatment]. PMID- 1118406 TI - [Treatment of malignant renal tumors]. PMID- 1118407 TI - [Delayed results of treatment of bladder papilloma]. PMID- 1118408 TI - [Examination of urine sedimentation in patients with bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 1118409 TI - [Differential diagnosis of diseases on the borderline of surgery and urology]. PMID- 1118410 TI - [Appendix used in bridging a gap in the ureter]. PMID- 1118411 TI - [Urinary tract infections]. PMID- 1118412 TI - [Bladder empyema]. PMID- 1118413 TI - [Cystectomy with complete ileocystoplasty in a case of a neoplasm (a 10-year follow-up study)]. PMID- 1118414 TI - [Retroperitoneal dermoid cyst as a cause of renal colic]. PMID- 1118415 TI - [Case of renal calculi with coexisting Schistosoma haematobium in the kidney]. PMID- 1118416 TI - [Simple and effective physico-chemical method of cleansing and sterilizing catheters]. PMID- 1118417 TI - [Blood level of calcium, lipids and cholesterol at early stages of experimental acute pancreatitis in untreated animals and those treated with parathyroid hormone]. PMID- 1118418 TI - [Rifampicin in the treatment of non-specific infections in thoracic surgery]. PMID- 1118419 TI - [Incidence of carcinoma in non-toxic nodular goiter]. PMID- 1118420 TI - [Evaluation of results of surgical treatment of intracapsular femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 1118421 TI - [Thoracic injuries in patients with multiorgan injuries]. PMID- 1118422 TI - [Esophageal stenosis caused by cicatricial inflammatory, tuberous mediastinal lesions following lymph node tuberculosis]. PMID- 1118423 TI - [Treatment by means of skeletal traction]. PMID- 1118424 TI - [Analysis of 29 cases of dens axis fractures]. PMID- 1118425 TI - [Silesian artificial heart-lung, type III]. PMID- 1118426 TI - [Peristaltic hand pump (type PP-148) with a rotation counter for rapid blood transfusion with particular reference to exchange transfusions in newborn infants]. PMID- 1118427 TI - [Incarcerated obturator hernia as a rare cause of acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 1118428 TI - [Case of traumatic splenic cyst]. PMID- 1118429 TI - Workup of the newly discovered hypertensive patient. PMID- 1118430 TI - Pediatric aspects of nuclear medicine. AB - During the last few years, the number, variety, and complexity of nuclear medical examinations that can be performed in children have increased impressively, due partly to recent accomplishments in radiopharmaceutical development and the availability of gamma scintillation cameras and computer systems for acquisition, storage, and analysis of data. The reduction in radiation exposure with the new radiopharmaceuticals has helped to expand the scope of nuclear medical examinations in children to include not only the study or evaluation of suspected malignant disease but also the evaluation of nonmalignant disease and organ function in a number of body systems. Specific applications of nuclear medical techniques in children are discussed, with relation to the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, thyroid, lungs, heart and great vessels, liver and spleen, kidneys and bladder, and bone. PMID- 1118431 TI - Family practice and problems of aging: biochemical basis of aging. PMID- 1118432 TI - Cholangitis. PMID- 1118433 TI - Update on problems of oral contraceptives. PMID- 1118434 TI - Spontaneous perforation of umbilical hernia with ascites. PMID- 1118435 TI - Letter: Drug excretion in breast milk. PMID- 1118436 TI - Letter: Regional plastic surgeons. PMID- 1118437 TI - Adolescent maturation. A clinical overview. PMID- 1118438 TI - Urinary tract infections in the adult. The Postgraduate Medicine Lecture. AB - Diagnosis of urinary tract infection should be made only on the basis of complete evidence. Examination and culture of the urine are necessary steps in correct diagnosis and treatment. Urinary obstruction is almost always present in recurrent infections. Contributory factors include sex practices conducive to entry of bacteria, poor perineal hygiene, occupations that require long periods of driving or riding, chronic constipation, and use of oral contraceptives, tampons, and douches. Many antibacterial drugs are effective in eliminating infection. Contributing factors should be modified or eliminated to prevent recurrence. PMID- 1118439 TI - Resuscitation of the newborn. AB - Resuscitation of the newborn is not different from resuscitation of any other patient, but in newborns, resuscitation requires special skills and considerations because of the size of the patient. If properly done, it can save many lives. If done incorrectly, however, it can save many lives. If done incorrectly, however, it can result in death or permanent neurologic damage to the infant. Because it is difficult to predict the status of the infant before birth, any delivery room must have experienced personnel and adequate equipment necessary for the resuscitation of the newborn. PMID- 1118440 TI - [The essentials of a modern campaign against tuberculosis with special emphasis on the general B.C.G. vaccination (author's transl)]. AB - 1. In the proposals for the reorganisation of the campaign against T.B., published in 1973, the german Central Committee focused its attention on the search for sources of infection and their elimination. Closely connected with this is the use of the tuberculin test as a means of verifying cases, and in the estimation of the epidemiological situation by determining the risk of infection. 2. Only the elucidation of epidemiological conditions can vouchsafe the definite use of the effective measures possible today. The indefinite vaccination of the new-born hinders this attempt considerably. In the main the immunal prophylaxis of those exposed to the disease can be continued. However, in certain cases chemical prophylaxis should be applied. Mass X-ray examinations must be increasingly assessed in the light of general precautional methods. 3. Criterion for the danger of tuberculosis is the risk of infection. This risk can be determined by representative tuberculin tests which can be carried out singly in each federal state in order to do justice to local peculiarities. A risk of infection of less than 1%o makes indefinite measures for the most part superfluous. Furthermore, in the long run, the further trend of tuberculosis can be kept under observation by continued determination of the risk of infection with random samples. 4. The main task of the Public Health Service in the campaign against T.B. is the search for the sources of infection. The more a measure helps to achieve this aim, the more important it is. The ensuing hierarchy of measures taken should form the basis of all planning and organization. PMID- 1118441 TI - [The essentials of a modern campaign against tuberculosis with special emphasis on the general B.C.G. vaccination]. AB - 1. In the proposals for the reorganisation of the campaign against T.B., published in 1973, the german Central Committee focused its attention on the search for sources of infection and their eleimination. Closely connected with this is the use of the tuberculin test as a means of verifying cases, and in the estimation of the epidemiological situation by determining the risk of infection. 2. Only the elucidation of epidemiological conditions can vouchsafe the definite use of the effective measures possible today. The indefinite vaccination of the new-born hinders this attempt considerably. In the main the immunal prophylaxis of those exposed to the disease can be continued. However, in certain cases chemical prophylaxis should be applied. Mass X-ray examinations must be increasingly assessed in the light of general precautional methods. 3. Criterion for the danger of tuberculosis is the risk of infection. This risk can be determined by representative tuberculin tests which can be carried out singly in each federal state in order to do justice to local peculiarities. A risk of infection of less than 1%o makes indefinite measures for the most part superfluous. Furthermore, in the long run, the further trend of tuberculosis can be kept under observation by continued determination of the risk of infection with random samples. 4. The main task of the Public Health Service in the campaign against T.B. is the search for the sources of infection. The more a measure helps to achieve this aim, the more important it is. The enxuing hierarchy of measures taken shozld form the basis of all planning and organisation. PMID- 1118442 TI - [Pulmonary manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118443 TI - [Functional deficiencies of the lung after miliary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1118444 TI - [An abnormal feature of the chest roentgenogram: an opacity superimposed on the heart shadow]. PMID- 1118445 TI - [Roentgen sympton: cavity filled with fluid superimposed on the heart shadow]. PMID- 1118446 TI - [The epidemiology of lung cancer in the German Federal Republic, with special reference to regional differences (author's transl)]. AB - 11 per cent more men and 23 per cent more women died of lung cancer in the German Federal Republic during 1960-1971 than would have been the case if the age structure had remained unchanged. This increase involves exclusively (men) or predominantly (women) the over-65 years age group. It is still showing an upward trend in men and is most pronounced in the 45-74 age group. Mortality from lung cancer differs significantly between the Lander of the Federal Republic. It is highest for both men and women in the City States and is lowest in the less industrialized areas, particularly South Germany. This difference is presumably not entirely population: the particularly marked increase (especially in men) in the Saarland and North-Rhine-Westphalia-Lander with a predominance of heavy industry-suggests that occupational noxae may play a part. PMID- 1118447 TI - [Current problems concerning bacterial pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118448 TI - Editorial: The teaching of preventive medicine in medical schools: a limited critique. PMID- 1118449 TI - The control of gonorrhea by obstetricians and gynecologists. PMID- 1118450 TI - Water constituents and trace elements in relation to cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 1118451 TI - Individual versus community orientation in the prevention of injuries. PMID- 1118452 TI - The cancer detection program in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 1118453 TI - Questions and answers. Sources of fat in the American diet. PMID- 1118454 TI - Editorial: Immunology: Its value in cancer research. PMID- 1118455 TI - [Concentration values of sodium, potassium and chlorine electrolytes and lactic acid concentrations in the sweat of healthy children, in children with chronic infections of the respiratory tract (perinasal sinusitis, recurrent bronchitis, sinal-and-bronchial syndroms) and in children with mucoviscidosis) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118456 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone acetate on the development of the stomach antrum of mouse foetuses (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118457 TI - [Observations on the reaction of the peritoneum in newborn guinea pigs to the introduction of meconium and bacterial infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118458 TI - [Determination of lastic acid concentration in the blood, sweat and faeces of children with mucoviscidosis and in healthy children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118459 TI - [Tumours of the sympathetic nervous system. Round table conference (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118460 TI - [Investigations into the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in diseases of the thyroid gland in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118461 TI - Phenylketonuria. Early diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1118462 TI - Studies on immunoglobulins in healthy children in various stages of development and in the chosen illnesses. PMID- 1118463 TI - [Cytohormonal picture of the vaginal epithelium in girls with idiopathic isosexual precocious puberty (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118464 TI - [Variability of head dimensions in 1 to 7 years old warsaw boys (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118465 TI - Correlation between gait speed and spasticity at the knee. AB - An automated system designed and developed at this laboratory was used to measure spasticity in the thigh musculature of fifteen patients with hemiplegia. In addition, each subject was timed during a gait trial over a measured distance at maximum speed. Analysis of the data revealed no statistically significant correlation between spasticity in the thigh musculature and the gait speed of the subjects studied. Factors which may have contributed to the findings are mentioned. PMID- 1118466 TI - Reading "physical therapy" from an ethics perspective. AB - Physical therapists have an increasing need to incorporate an ethics perspective into their professional outlook. One way a physical therapist can become more proficient in recognizing morally significant data is to identify such data in articles written by physical therapists and other health professionals. An article should be evaluated according to the facts included or omitted, the loyalties expressed by the author, the life-view implied by the author, and the norms of good and right directing the author's thinking. PMID- 1118467 TI - Placement of recording electrode in median and peroneal nerve conduction studies. AB - Motor nerve conduction examinations were performed on the median and peroneal nerves of thirteen normal women (mean age equals 20.4 years). The purpose in this study was to determine the difference and variation of latencies and amplitudes when measured from various recording sites over the abductor pollicis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis. Optimal areas of four square centimeters over the center of the abductor pollicis brevis and over the proximal portion of the extensor digitorum brevis were found to be the most favorable for recording maximum action potential amplitude and shortest latency. The muscle action potentials were found to be diphasic with a sharp onset in a negative direction from the oscilloscope base line when recorded within the optimal area of each muscle. The results of this study indicate that there is a margin for error in recording electrode placement (3 to 4 cm2) before the action potential amplitude or latency measurements are significantly affected. PMID- 1118468 TI - Comparison of opinions, attitudes, and interests of physical therapy students with other students at the University of Michigan. AB - Scores on the Opinion, Attitude, and Interest Survey made by freshmen who later successfully completed work in the Physical Therapy Curriculum at the University of Michigan were compared with scores of eighteen other freshmen groups at the university. Physical therapy students ranked highest on the Biological Science Interest, Social Adjustment, and Emotional Adjustment scales, and lowest on the Infrequent Response, Social Undesirability, and Creative Personality scales. The conclusion was that freshmen who later completed work in the Physical Therapy Curriculum exhibited different opinions, attitudes, and interests than did other freshmen at the university. PMID- 1118469 TI - Calcium iontophoresis in suspected myopathy. PMID- 1118471 TI - Letter: Strengthening the vastus medialis. PMID- 1118470 TI - Letter: From a member's perspective. PMID- 1118472 TI - Tumors of salivary glands. An analysis of 752 cases. PMID- 1118473 TI - A conservative program for managing cleft palates without the use of mucoperiosteal flaps. PMID- 1118474 TI - Orbito-cranio-facial surgery: the team approach. PMID- 1118475 TI - A mobile unit for the detection and care of craniofacial anomalies. PMID- 1118476 TI - Small, deep forearm lacerations. Differential diagnosis of muscle and nerve injuries. PMID- 1118477 TI - A study of the development of the orbicularis oris muscle. PMID- 1118478 TI - Letter: Another opinion on showing the average result. PMID- 1118479 TI - Letter: Strength of gel-bag prostheses after autoclaving. PMID- 1118480 TI - Biological basis for management of benign disease of the breast: the case against subcutaneous mastectomy. Commentary. PMID- 1118481 TI - Proximal interphalangeal joint flexion contracture secondary to injury of an anomalous ulnar lumbrical muscle insertion. Case report. PMID- 1118482 TI - The nevus of Ota. Case report. PMID- 1118483 TI - Replacement of a malformed fingernail with acrylic resin material. Case report. PMID- 1118484 TI - Method of studying the relationships between the finger joints and the flexor and extensor mechanisms. PMID- 1118485 TI - Abdominoplasty by the W technique. AB - The W abdominoplasty is an excellent esthetic operation (Figs. 7-12), based on several important principles. 1. The drawing of the W with its 3 angles gives 3 good landmarks for a symmetrical result. The mid-angle may be cut off by one to two cm at the time of closure, if it seems too sharp. 2. By making the incision inside the hairline, there is no increase in the height of the pubic hair. 3. By removing more tissues laterally than in the midline the traction on the flap is equalized, thus giving a nice draping on the hips. 4. The operation equalizes the wound edges and avoids producing skin folds. 5. Complete removal of the skin and fat between the umbilicus and the pubis is always possible if the operating table is put in a proper position for closure. No vertical scar has ever been necessary in our series. 6. The direction of the final scar, although different from the primary incision due to the traction, remains low-just above the inguinal fold and approximately in the same direction, in the area concealed by small bathing suits. 7. The maximum stretching of the abdominal skin favors a lasting result. PMID- 1118486 TI - Report on a series of 50 craniofacial operations. AB - We present a retrospective study of 50 patients who have undergone craniofacial surgery. The indications, types of osteotomies, complications, and other aspects are reported. PMID- 1118487 TI - Intralesional BCG, intravenous immune lymphocytes, and immunization with neuraminidase-treated tumor cells to manage melanoma; A clinical assessment. AB - An attempt was made to produce tumor immunity in 193 patients who had melanoma, 160 of whom had metastases and 33 of whom did not. Four stages of treatment are outlined. The patients whose disease was confined to the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and lymph nodes seemed to benefit most. The treatment was of no benefit to patients whose disease had progressed to the visceral, skeletal, or central nervous systems. PMID- 1118488 TI - First branchial cleft cysts and sinuses. AB - A brief review of the embryology and anatomy of first branchial cleft cysts and sinuses, with a resume of our experience, is presented. An illustrative case of each general type of this anomaly is given. The surgical treatment of these lesions, with special reference to technique and the precautions to be applied to minimize complications and recurrence, is discussed. PMID- 1118489 TI - Surgical treatment of Moebius syndrome by platsma and temporalis muscle transfers. AB - The essential features of Moebius syndrome are described. The etiology of the condition remains in doubt. The role of heredity and the possible familial incidence are noted. We present two cases of Moebius syndrome in which the facial paralysis was surgically corrected by means of dynamic muscle transfers. The use of an innervated platysma muscle flap in the first patient is believed to be the first surgical description of such a procedure. PMID- 1118490 TI - Reconstruction of ear, eyebrow, and sideburn in the burned patient. AB - Some new variations are described for partial and total ear reconstructions, eyebrow reconstructions, and sideburn reconstructions in burned patients. PMID- 1118491 TI - Further experiences with the arytenoid-epiglottic flap for chronic aspiration pneumonia. AB - We present our experiences with 7 patients in whom we did arytenoid-epiglottic flaps for the treatment of chronic aspiration pneumonia. The indications for the operation are outlined, and some technical suggestions are made. PMID- 1118492 TI - Tropical ulcers. AB - We review 230 cases of tropical ulcers, includied reports of 7 cases with squamous cell carcinoma. We think the etiology may be a combination of the hot, humid environment, trauma, local infection, and malnutrition. Agressive treatment of these ulcers is advocated, to heal the wounds and to prevent malignant transformation. PMID- 1118493 TI - A new technique for reduction mammaplasty. AB - We present a new technique of reduction mammaplasty which we have employed in 20 cases. We believe it has specific advantages, as outlined. PMID- 1118494 TI - Surgical correction of lesions of the temporomandibular joints. AB - The previous report of 140 cases of TM joint disorders from the University of Michigan experience has been updated by the addition of 25 recent cases of surgical management of TM joint pathology. The surgical correction pathology of the articular disc, the condyle head, the articular eminence of the glenoid fossa, ankylosis, and chronic dislocation is discussed. Our experiences in these 25 cases are summarized. PMID- 1118495 TI - Benign teratoid tumor of the parotid; Case report. AB - We present a patient who had a benign teratoid tumor of the parotid gland. We believe this is the first such case reported. PMID- 1118496 TI - Stress fracture of the clavicle after a radical neck dissection; Case report. AB - We report a case of a stress fracture occurring in the medial end of the clavicle, 15 months after a radical neck dissection. PMID- 1118497 TI - A modification in the face-lift incision to facilitate suturing around the earlobe. AB - We present a modification of the face-lift incision which avoids some of the problems we had in suturing around and behind the earlobe. PMID- 1118498 TI - Dynamic correction of unilateral paralysis of the lower lip. AB - We present a simple operation, performed under local anesthesia, to restore essential movement to the side of a lower lip paralyzed by injury to the mandibular branch of the facial nerve. The operation consists of a limited lateral resection of the paralyzed lower lip, plus transposition of the segment of orbicularis muscle from the paralyzed lower lip to the normal upper lip, through a subcutaneous tunnel. PMID- 1118499 TI - Tattoo removal by superficial dermabrasion. Five-year experience. AB - A 5-year clinical experience using superficial dermabrasion to remove tattoos is presented. This procedure can be done quickly in the office with low patient risk. Good pigment removal is obtained with little or no scar formation. Cases are presented which are typical of the 250 tattoos removed in the last 5 years. PMID- 1118500 TI - The constricted (cup and lop) ear. AB - The author classifies ear deformities into 3 major groups and two sub-groups. The surgical procedures used to correct the deformity in each group are described. PMID- 1118501 TI - Revisional surgery after reduction mammaplasty. AB - The occasional unsatisfactory results after reduction mammaplasty are classified and analyzed. Methods of revision in 4 illustrative cases are presented and discussed. PMID- 1118502 TI - W-epicanthoplasty. AB - A modified W-plasty technique is described for the correction of epicanthal folds. PMID- 1118503 TI - A new folded pharyngeal flap. Preliminary report. AB - In an attempt to minimize postoperative scar contracture and shrinkage after a pharyngeal flap operation, a folded flap operation was devised. This operation was performed on 14 patients with velopharyngeal inadequacy. A superiorly-based flap was elevated from the posterior pharyngeal wall and was folded with the mucosa outside. The flap-velum connection was made through raw surfaces produced on each lateral ridge of the flap and the two penetrating incisions on the sides of the soft palate. In none of the cases did detachment of the flap or any other complications occur. This rather simple technique which aims to prevent scar contracture of the flap will permit further elaboration of the flap design depending on the extent of velopharyngeal incompetence. PMID- 1118504 TI - Fiberoptic endoscopy in the head and neck region. AB - The potential use of fiberoptic endoscopy in the head and neck region was evaluated by the comparison with the findings we obtained from indirect, mirror endoscopy. Fiberoptic endoscopy confirmed our clinical staging and diagnosis in 39 percent, changed our diagnosis in 41 percent, and changed our clinical staging in 20 percent of this series of patients. These findings indicate that fiberoptic endoscopy is a valuable aid for clinical staging; in some instances it may be used in preference to indirect, mirror examination; frequently, it may enable one to avoid a direct laryngoscopy. The procedure is safe, well tolerated, and may be performed on an outpatient basis. With this instrument, routine examination of the head and neck in suitable patients may lead to improved clinical evaluations. PMID- 1118505 TI - Cancellous bone grafts from the distal radius for use in hand surgery. AB - A method of obtaining small autogenous cancellous grafts for hand surgery from the volar side of the distal radius is presented. PMID- 1118506 TI - Growth of homotransplanted ear cartilage in baby rabbits. AB - Our study verifies that homografted ear cartilage in baby rabbits does, indeed, grow in size. It showed an average increase of 75 percent in length and 211 percent in area. PMID- 1118507 TI - Letter: More on lid-loading in the management of lagophthalmos. PMID- 1118508 TI - Letter: Does the topical use of magnesium sulfate improve the results in microvascular anastomoses? PMID- 1118509 TI - Letter: Is late severance of a pharyngeal flap feasible? PMID- 1118510 TI - Commentary on surgical correction of lesions of the temporomandibular joints. PMID- 1118511 TI - Proboscis lateralis. Case report. AB - We present a case of proboscis lateralis, an uncommon malformation which gives the nose a snout shape. The surgical treatment is outlined. PMID- 1118512 TI - A bizarre nasal injury. Case report. PMID- 1118513 TI - Correction of the drooping lateral portion of the cleft lip following the LeMesurier repair. PMID- 1118514 TI - [Frequency of soliciting psychiatric care as related to environmental factors and the degree of adaptation]. PMID- 1118515 TI - [Correlation between some aspects of remission and differences in pigmentation in patients with paranoid schizophrenia]. PMID- 1118516 TI - [Chronic psychiatric disorders in patients with epileptic seizures]. PMID- 1118517 TI - [Hyperaminoaciduria in children with psychiatric disorders]. PMID- 1118518 TI - [Use of Sinequan in the treatment of different clinical forms of depression]. PMID- 1118519 TI - [Shortcomings attending the planning of psychiatric hospitals]. PMID- 1118520 TI - [Paranoid psychosis with oneiroid elements during in the course of Redlich Flattau disease]. PMID- 1118521 TI - [Dynamics of the psycho-organic process]. PMID- 1118522 TI - [Case of general paresis in an adolescent]. PMID- 1118523 TI - [Sculpture as an element of rehabilitation in psychiatric patients]. PMID- 1118524 TI - [Correlation between the somatotype as well as pigmentation and affetc disturbances in paranoid schizophrenia]. PMID- 1118525 TI - [Case of Moditene poisoning in a drug addict]. PMID- 1118526 TI - The diagnosis of 'hysteria'. AB - A study of 120 inpatients diagnosed as suffering from hysteria is presented and the validity of the diagnosis questioned. Clinical study showed that 13% showed only hysterical symptoms, 33% showed hysterical symptoms occuring with affective symptoms, 28% showed affective symptomatology only, and the remainder were either of other or uncertain diagnostic grouping. It is concluded that the 13% are suffering from a condition that can only be diagnosed as hysteria. PMID- 1118527 TI - Multiple personality. A single case study with a 15 year follow-up. AB - A review of the literature relating to multiple personality is presented together with a study of a single case of hysterical aetiology that demonstrates the development of multiple personality from a fugue amnesic state. A re-examination of this case after 15 years without significant psychotherapeutic intervention demonstrates a tendency towards remission. The view that multiple personality is a form of fugue, not necessarily hysterical, in which an alternative personality is adopted and that this behaviour is reinforced by the attention that it receives, is discussed. PMID- 1118528 TI - Hysteria and parental psychiatric illness. AB - A two-generation study of 46 families of convicted women felons showed that the daughters of sociopathic fathers had a significantly higher prevalence of hysteria than did the daughters of other fathers. The differences were significant both for daughters with hysteria plus sociopathy and for daughters with hysteria without sociopathy. The association was independent of assortative mating between sociopathic men and women with hysteria or sociopathy. PMID- 1118529 TI - Incidence of referred mental illness in Chichester and Salisbury. AB - The annual rates of referral to two differently organized comprehensive psychiatric services in separate but demographically similar areas are presented for various demographic social and clinical categories. In Part 1 the rates are examined for similarities both between the two areas and with findings from other studies in order to obtain pointers to factors affecting the inception of psychiatric disorders. In Part 2 an attempt is made to evaluate an aspect of the community service. Differences between the rates in the two areas are discussed with a view to identifying those variables that selectively affect referral to a community service. PMID- 1118530 TI - Editorial: Circadian rhythms and mental illness. PMID- 1118532 TI - Severity of symptoms of psychiatric outpatients: use of the General Health Questionnaire in hospital ang general practice patients. AB - A sample of 91 new referrals to a community based psychiatric outpatient service was compared with a cross-matched control sample of 107 patients attending the general practitioner's surgery. The subjects in both groups completed the General Health Questionnaire and there was a very marked difference between the scores of the two groups. Seventy-five of the psychiatric group had a high score on the questionnaire, and a large number of these were extremely high, while 74 of the general practice group had a low score. The 'false' positives and negatives are discussed. It is considered that the validity of this questionnaire as a screening device for demonstrating psychiatric morbidity and severity in general practice is further established in this study by showing that in matched samples the expected psychiatric morbidity in general practice can be compared with the much greater morbidity in psychiatric outpatient referrals. For the psychiatric sample more patients showed high scores and these tended to be much higher. PMID- 1118531 TI - Depression followed by suicide: a comparison of depressed suicides with living depressives. AB - The characteristics of 64 suicides with a retrospective diagnosis of depression and 128 depressives referred for psychiatric treatment were compared. The following items differentiated the suicide group: male sex, older age in females, single status, living alone, the symptoms of insomnia, impaired memory and self neglect, and a history of suicide attempts. The value of these items in assessing suicide risk in depressive illness is discussed. PMID- 1118533 TI - Factor analysis of subjectively reported sleep habits, and the nature of insomnia. AB - Factor analysis was performed on variables used to describe subjectively the sleep habits of three groups of subjects--male patients, female patients, and medical students. Similarities in the six factors from each analysis indicate the existence of dimensions of variation which are common to normal sleep habits and insomnia. PMID- 1118534 TI - Influence of psychiatric training, medical qualification, and paramedical training on the rating of abnormal behaviour. AB - The psychiatric ratings, using the In-Patient Multi-dimensional Psychiatric Scale, of (1) a group of over 200 psychiatrists from the British Isles, (2) third year psychology students, (3) trainee sister tutors, (4) general practitioners attending a postgraduate course in psychiatry, and (5) a group of new registrars at the Maudsley Hospital, were compared. The first hypothesis, that, whereas the non-psychiatrists would rate similar levels of symptoms, the psychiatrists would tend to rate lower than other professional groups, was upheld. The second, that the pattern or profile of symptoms as shown by the IMPS syndromes would differ little between the groups, was also upheld. The third hypothesis, that because of their special training in the recognition of synptoms, psychiatrists would tend to show greater intra-group agreement on the levels of symptoms that the other groups, was not upheld. Some possible reasons for the findings are discussed. The importance for a screening schedule, designed to be used by non-psychiatrists for the detection of psychiatric illness, of the finding that non-psychiatrists rate higher levels of symptoms than psychiatrists, is also discussed. PMID- 1118535 TI - The survival of hysteria. PMID- 1118537 TI - Energy deposition by heavy ions in a "tissue equivalent" gas. PMID- 1118536 TI - Social versus clinical prediction in minor psychiatric disorders. AB - Fifty new psychiatric outpatients, suffering from minor disorders, were assessed using standardized social and clinical interview schedules. Forty-six were successfully followed-up six months later and their condition was assessed using a specially constructed rating scale. Social dysfunction in the area of the patient's material circumstances was the single most important predictive variable. Clinical predictions of outcome were shown to be closely related to the proportion of time the patient had been ill over the five years before inception. PMID- 1118538 TI - Ontogenetic changes in the ultrastructure of rat hepatocyte organelles after prenatal x-irradiation. PMID- 1118539 TI - Biological alterations resulting from chronic lung irradiation. III. Effect of partial 30Co thoracic irradiation upon pulmonary collagen metabolism and fractionation in syrian hamsters. PMID- 1118540 TI - Letter: Radiosensitization of Micrococcus radiophilus. PMID- 1118541 TI - Letter: Exposure of rabbit erythrocytes to microwave radiation. PMID- 1118543 TI - Recovery rate and residual injury in monkeys exposed to large doses of radiation by fractionation. PMID- 1118542 TI - Effects of x-irradiation on estrogen-induced synthetic processes of the avian liver. PMID- 1118544 TI - Influence of radiation dose rate on somatic mutation induction in Tradescantia stamen hairs. PMID- 1118545 TI - Planning the new x-ray department. AB - Planning a radiology facility requires consideration of many aspects of the x-ray operation. Not only is the available space an important consideration, but concepts on how the radiology facility is used, such as teaching, research, diagnosis, type and frequency of examinations, viewing and filing, film handling, and processing, must also be considered. PMID- 1118546 TI - Technique charts: the key to radiographic quality. AB - The radiologic technologist has three professional obligations: to provide consistent quality radiographs, to use minimum exposures necessary for these radiographs, and to reduce unnecessary costs by maintaining good techniques. Through the development and routine use of standardized techniques, he can assure that the radiologist has radiographs of consistent quality to interpret, the patient receives minimum radiation exposure, and the administration maintains a non-wasteful budget in the radiology department. The technique chart is the key to maintaining radiographic quality from which the rest flow. PMID- 1118547 TI - Technique management. AB - Good technique management is an imperative in modern, efficient departmental routine and patient care. The control of processor efficiency and generator output, along with the production of comprehensive technique charts are factors that contribute to this effective management. They fall well within the responsibility area of the radiologic technologist and require minimal time in department routine. PMID- 1118548 TI - Professional priority about salary schedules. PMID- 1118549 TI - Intravenous cholangiography: optimum dosage and methodology. AB - Cholangiography was performed in 442 patients using four dosage regimens of Cholografin: (a) a single-dose, full-strength injection in 10 minutes (150 examinations), (b) two dilute (76 examinations) or very dilute single doses (71 examinations) infused in 30 minutes, and (c) one dilute double dose infused in 30 minutes (145 examinations). Results showed that the double-dose infusion gave maximum visualization, followed by the single-dose injection and the two single dose infusions. With the double-dose method, both the reaction rate and the incidence of SGOT elevation were twice that seen with any single-dose method, making the single-dose injection the procedure of choice despite slightly lower opacification. PMID- 1118550 TI - Intravenous cholangiography in normal and subsequently liver-damaged dogs. AB - When a 30-minute infusion is chosen for intravenous cholangiography, the optimal dose in subjects with normal and decreased hepatic function seems to be 0.6 ml/kg iodipamide. Delayed visualization of the ducts and gallbladder occurs in hepatic dysfunction, therefore, radiographs should be taken up to eight hours after the start of the examination if the cholangiogram is not diagnostic sooner. Prolonged infusion time, increased dosage, or both did not improve the radiographic results significantly when this method was not diagnostic. Contary to what is seen in obstructive jaundice, a markedly reduced gallbladder size, compared to its own baseline, was found in hepatic dysfunction. PMID- 1118551 TI - The value of the fatty meal in oral cholecystography. AB - A fatty meal was given to 231 patients who had a well-visualized gallbladder with no stones. The radiological diagnoses on fluoroscopic spot films made before and after the fatty meal were compared. Only one case was diagnosed differently after the fatty meal. In 4 patients the post-fat film was useful in confirming a suspected diagnosis. Indications for administration of a fatty meal include (a) overlying gas shadows, (b) differentiation of a stone from a polyp, (c) adenomyomatosis, (d) a distended gallbladder, and (e) suspected common bile duct obstruction. In the absence of these indications, the time, effort, and cost involved in making the post-fat film are not justified by the additional diagnostic information obtained. PMID- 1118552 TI - The fat embolism syndrome. AB - The "shock lung syndrome," whenever associated with trauma, is probably in part the consequence of fat emboli, though aspiration, disseminated intravascular coagulation, microatelectasis, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage due to other lung insults may be important in the etiology of many cases. When lung injury is due to fat emboli, there is an interval between the time of trauma and the onset of clinical symptoms and chest radiographic findings. The radiographic picture is that of a diffuse alveolar and interstitial lung density. In severe cases marked respiratory embarrassment requires the use of both oxygen therapy and mechanical respirators for survival. PMID- 1118553 TI - Intralobar pulmonary sequestration; with special emphasis on bronchial communication. AB - The radiologic and pathologic features of eight cases of intralobar pulmonary sequestration are reported. Special attention was given the communication between the cystic areas and the normal bronchial tree. In three of five surgical specimens, probing revealed such communications. Microscopically, the transition from the normal bronchus to the cysts revealed no inflammation to suggest fistulous communication secondary to infection. The possibility of preexisting congenital bronchocystic communications within the pulmonary sequestrations was therefore suggested. PMID- 1118554 TI - Selective bronchial arteriography in patients with cystic fibrosis and massive hemoptysis. AB - Massive hemoptysis is a potentially fatal complication of long-standing cystic fibrosis. Lobectomy may prevent a hemorrhagic death if the hemorrhage source can be identified and if involvement of the remaining lung tissue is mild. Selective bronchial arteriography was performed in six patients with cystic fibrosis to localize a lobar source of bleeding. Arteriographic findings correlated with bronchoscopic observations. Bronchial arteriography may be helpful when bronchoscopy cannot be done because of continuous hemorrhage or because the severity of the lung disease precludes general anesthesia, but it is not an adequate substitute for bronchoscopy in most patients. PMID- 1118555 TI - Clearing patterns of pulmonary infarction and slowly resolving pneumonia. AB - Previous authors have suggested that the radiographic clearing pattern of pulmonary infarction is specific and permits differentiation from pneumonitis. Pulmonary infarcts are said to "shrink" or "melt" and pneumonitis consolidations to clear diffusely. Chest radiographs of 4 patients with angiographically confirmed pulmonary infarction and 5 with slowly resolving pneumonitis were examined, in random case order, by three independent radiologists unaware of the diagnosis. All observers found the shrinking pattern in 3 of the 4 cases of pulmonary infarction and in 1 case of pneumonitis. The shrinking pattern is not specific for pulmonary infarction; it may be related to fibrotic organization of pulmonary consolidation. PMID- 1118556 TI - Likelihood ratios as a measure of the diagnostic usefulness of excretory urogram information. AB - The log likelihood ratio (LLR) method of assessing physicians' diagnostic judgments can be used to measure the diagnostic usefulness of radiologic information (urography in this study). The method requires collection of referring pbysicians' diagnosis prior to and after urography and their certainty in relation to receipt of the radiologic information. Physicians in daily practice are able to provide diagnoses and assign a percentage number to their certainty. The LLR method permits measurement of the diagnostic usefulness of both normal and abnormal urogram results. Retrospective chart review does not provide the same LLR results as those obtained from the prospective study. PMID- 1118557 TI - Vesiculographic findings in cysts of the seminal vesicle. AB - Vasoseminal vesiculography showed medial displacement and stretching of the ampulla of the vas deferens in 3 patients with cysts of the seminal vesicle. In 2 a nonopacified mass separated the ampulla from the ipsilateral seminal vesicle. All 3 patients were managed without surgical intervention. If such a vesiculographic pattern is seen in a patient with a paraprostatic mass, the contents of the mass should be aspirated and contrast material injected to document its cystic nature. PMID- 1118558 TI - Ureteral ectopia associated with seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral renal agenesis. AB - A case of an ectopic ureter entering a seminal vesicle cyst and associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis is presented. The differential diagnosis and the embryological explanation of the anomaly are considered. PMID- 1118559 TI - Holster accidents: self-inflicted gunshot injuries of the knee and leg. AB - A man accidentally shot himself in the knee while holstering his own revolver. Although the pain was minimal, the wound "clean", and the joint flexible, angiography revealed a false aneurysm of the popliteal artery, a short segment of minimal tears below it, and a popliteal arteriovenus fistula slightly distal to the false aneurysm. Any penetrating wound of the popliteal fossa whose trajectory points to the vascular structures should be investigated angiographically. PMID- 1118560 TI - Pyarthrosis complicating rheumatoid arthritis. Roentgenographic evaluation of 5 patients and review of the literature. AB - Five patients with pyarthrosis complicating rheumatoid arthritis are described. Only minimal clinical signs may be seen in such patients, making accurate diagnosis of this occasional complication difficult. Roentgenographic abnormalities include a rapidly enlarging joint effusion and progressive cartilage and bone destruction. Fistulas may develop. The principal differential diagnoses include exacerbtion of rheumatoid arthritis and alterations in the rheumatoid joint following trauma. PMID- 1118561 TI - Arthrography of the ankle joint: problems in diagnosis of acute lateral ligament injuries. AB - Arthrography of the ankle joint is a reasonably accurate and helpful method of delineating the extent of injuries to the lateral ligament. Forty-six arthrograms were obtained following acute injuries, with 26 patients having operative evaluation. Eight false negative results were encountered, all in combination with fairly massive capsular tears. Although ankle arthrography in acute injuries is useful, it is not infallible. An explanation for the large number of false negative results is offered and additional suggestions are made about the technique of examination. PMID- 1118562 TI - Mesentsery and colon injuries secondary to blunt trauma. AB - Three cases of colon lesions following blunt trauma are presented to illustrate their varied manifestations. Although these injuries are not as common as those to the small bowel and solid viscera, the radiologist's awareness of them and of their various presentations may be helpful in suggesting the correct diagnosis. The major types of colon injury include mesenteric laceration with blood loss, vascular injury with or without bowel ischemia, intramural hematoma, bowel wall laceration, and delayed cicatricial stenosis. PMID- 1118563 TI - Gas in the portal and inferior mesenteric veins caused by diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. Report of a case with survival. AB - Colonic diverticulitis can produce gas in the portal and inferior mesenteric veins. Such an occurrence is usually associated with massive bowel necrosis and carries a grave prognosis. The authors report a case in which the patient survived. PMID- 1118564 TI - The colitis of Behcet's disease: a clinical-radiographic correlation. AB - The radiographic, colonoscopic, and pathologic findings in this case of Behcet's colitis differ completely from ulcerative or granulomatous colitis as well as from other, less commonly seen inflammatory colitides. Discrete, peptic-type ulcers, with normal intervening mucosa and normal overall configuration of the colon, are seen on radiography and endoscopy. The angiographic features are not diagnostic but differ considerably from findings in other inflammatory colitides. No tortuous arterioles, mucosal hyperemia or early venous filling was encountered. PMID- 1118565 TI - Angiography vs. pancreatography in diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - Relative efficacy of angiography and pancreatography in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma was assessed in 13 patients. Pancreatography provided a correct preoperative diagnosis in 10 patients. In 3 patients the duct could not be cannulated. Twelve patients underwent angiography and a correct diagnosis was made in 10. Preoperative diagnosis was not made by either technique in 1 patient. Pancreatography did not detect carcinoma of the pancreas at an earlier stage than did angiography. These procedures should be considered complementary to each other. Angiography defines the size, extension and resectability of the tumor. Pancreatography outlines the internal architecture of the gland and duct system. PMID- 1118566 TI - Postmortem radiology of head neck injuries in fatal traffic accidents. AB - A series of 146 victims of fatal traffic accidents were subjected to postmortem radiographic examination prior to medicolegal autopsy. A total of 42% were found to have radiographically demonstrable head injuries ranging from relatively simple linear skull fractures to massive skull damage. Free intracranial or intravascular air was demonstrated in more than 60%. A total of 21% had demonstrable neck injuries, most of which were localized to a single level at the craniocervical junction or the upper two cervical vertebrae. Flexion and extension studies of this area are of major importance in demonstrating the injury and locating potentially occult lesions for the forensic pathologist. PMID- 1118567 TI - Angiographic features of hypervascular neurinomas of the head and neck. AB - Neurinomas of the head and neck are often hypervascular. The angiograms of 32 patients with neurinomas of the head or neck were reviewed. Twenty-two (68%) of these tumors displayed abnormal tumor vascularity. Complete selective angiography with direct magnification, subtraction technique, and special projections aided in the recognition of tumor vascularity. Although the angioarchitecture in some cases is indistinguishable from that of meningiomas, neurinomas can exhibit distinctive vascular patterns, such as intermixed areas of increased and decreased vascularity or tortuors, irregular tumor vessels. PMID- 1118568 TI - Ocular complications of orbital venography. AB - Three ocular complications directly related to orbital venography are described, one resulting in permanent loss of vision,. The patient had lymphangioma of the orbit which evidently had bled secondary to increased venous pressure and injection of contrast bolus. Both of the 2 patients with transient visual disturbances had diabetic retinopathy. The common factor is felt to be an imparied vascular bed which cannot meet the stress of increased venous pressure and contrast medium injection. Conditions which predispose to ocular-orbital stasis and/or hemorrhage are discussed. PMID- 1118569 TI - Vascularity of the femoral head: 18fluorine scintigraphy validated with tetracycline labeling. AB - Blood flow to the femoral head was assessed by 18F positron scintigraphy and tetracycline fluorescent labeling in 17 patients undergoing replacement of the femoral head with an endoprosthesis. Radioactivity was absent in the femoral head of 10 patients, normal in 5, and increased in 2. Normal or increased radioactivity indicated presence of blood flow to the femoral head; decreased or absent radioactivity indicated absence of blood flow. Results of 18F scintigraphy correlated with those of tetracycline labeling. PMID- 1118570 TI - Abnormal brain scans in adrenal leukodystrophy. A study of three cases. AB - Brain scintiphotography in three patients with the clinical characteristics of adrenal leukodystrophy demonstrated focal areas of increased uptake of the radionuclide. Histological examination of cerebral tissue corresponding to the abnormal foci on the scan revealed sudanophilic leukodystrophy. These findings suggest that areas of active demyelination, such as occur in adrenal leukodystrophy, accumulate radionuclide. Thus, brain scintiphotography may be useful in the evaluation of patients in whom the diagnosis of adrenal leukodystrophy is being considered. PMID- 1118571 TI - Neonatal septic "dislocation" of the hip: true dislocation or pathological epiphyseal separation? AB - The clinical and roentgenologic appearance of septic dislocation of the hip may be caused by either a true dislocation or a pathological epiphyseal separation due to osteomyelitis. Arthrography of the hip permits differentiation in the neonate. The significance of these two anatomical possibilites is discussed in terms of follow-up and results of neonatal infections about the hip, and a case of pathological epiphyseal separation at the hip diagnosed in the neonatal period by aspiration and arthrography and followed up for 3 years is presented. PMID- 1118572 TI - The cervical aortic arches. AB - Four cases of cervical aortic arch are described and correlated with the 21 previously reproted cases. Five distinct forms of cervical aortic arch were found and classified according to configuration of the aorta, sequence of brachiocephalic branching, and embryogenesis. In brief, Type A has separate external and internal carotid artery branches from the aortic arch. Tye B is similar but has dual common carotid arteries. Type C is a left cervical arch with a right-sided descending aorta and bicarotid trunk. Type D is a left cervical arch with a normal branching pattern, redundant transverse aorta and left-sided (often hypoplastic) descending aorta. Type E is a right cervical aortic arch with a right descending aorta and an aberrant left subclavian artery. PMID- 1118573 TI - Retention of small foreign objects in the stomach and duodenum. A sign of partial obstruction caused by duodenal anomalies. AB - Small round, oval, or cuboidal foreign objects nearly always pass through the gastrointestinal tract promptly, and stasis of such objects in the stomach or duodenum is extremely uncommon. The authors describe 3 cases of prolonged retention in children with no clinical or plain-film evidence of duodenal obstruction. In each case, a barium meal demonstrated a congenital anomaly of the duodenum producing partial obstruction: duodenal stenosis, prolapse of the duodenal diaphragm ("windsock duodenum"), and an annular pancreas. PMID- 1118574 TI - Acoustical holography: physical parameters and potential clinical applications. AB - Acoustical holography achieves real-time imaging of bodily structures through ultrasound. The fundamentals of acoustical holography and a description of a prototype unit undergoing trials at the authors' institution are presented. Physical parameters and means of calibrating the acoustic beam are discussed, and results of preliminary experimental and clinical studies reviewed. Acoustical holography has the potential for providing complementary diagnostic information which, after further technical developments, may furnish clinically useful information. PMID- 1118575 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of seminal vesicle cyst. AB - Seminal vesicle cysts are uncommon, particularly when associated with ipsilateral agenesis of the kidney, ureter, and/or trigone. This entity should be considered when a cystic pelvic mass is seen in a young male. B-scan ultrasound can be of considerable aid in making the diagnosis. PMID- 1118576 TI - Radiation therapy of cardiac and pericardial metastases. AB - Cardiac metastasis should be strongly suspected in the cancer patient with sudden onset of unexplained tachycardia, arrhythmia, or congestive heart failure. Conduction defects and low voltage on electrocardiographic examination and an enlarged heart shadow on the chest film are virtually confirmatory. Thirty-eight such patients were treated through anterior and posterior opposing portals and received 2,500-3,500 rads in 3-4 weeks, except for 6 lymphoma and leukemia patients who were controlled with lower doses (1,500-2,000 rads in 11/2-2 weeks). Primary sites and duration of improvement were as follows: breast (11/16 patients): 2-36 months; lung (2/7 patients): 1-9 months; lymphoma and leukemia (6/7 patients): 2-4 months; others (4/8 patients): 1-4 months. Overall, the clinical improvement rate was 60%, with durations of 12 to 36 months. PMID- 1118577 TI - Tumor and normal tissue response to irradiation in vivo: variation with decreasing dose rates. AB - Continuous irradiation in vivo at dose rates ranging form 0.54 to 274 rads per minute was performed in mice using the EMT6 tumor, the gut clone system, and the bone-marrow CFU system. A progressive increase in D0 and decrease in n were seen with decreasing dose rates in the EMT6 tumor and the gut clone system. The D0 showed little change in the bone-marrow CFU system. These findings are related to the D2-D1 values obtained from split-dose experiments at conventional dose rates. The results do not fit the various mathematical models proposed for correlating the effects of continuous low-dose-rate irradiation and acute exposure. PMID- 1118578 TI - The total biological dose. AB - The nominal standard dose concept is used to define the total biological dose or cumulative radiation effect at a point for treatment regimens employing two or more radiation modalities. Various clinical applications are illustrated. A convenient nomographic method for determining the total biological dose is presented. PMID- 1118579 TI - The adjuvant effect of lucanthone (miracil D) in clinical radiation therapy. AB - Clinical trials were undertaken to determine whether lucanthone (miracil D) affects radiation-induced regression in measurable pulmonary metastases and advanced squamous-cell oral and pharyngeal tumors. The time required for 50% tumor regression was decreased by approximately 50% in those patients who received lucanthone in addition to irradiation. These results indicate that lucanthone has a definite adjuvant effect when used together with irradiation. PMID- 1118580 TI - Preshaped catheters for percutaneous transaxillary selective coronary arteriography. AB - Percutaneous transaxillary selective coronary arteriography using preshaped catheters is useful in patients who have had aorto-iliac surgery or have clinical evidence of occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremities. For safety and ease of performance it compares favorably with the percutaneous transfemoral method and can be readily mastered by those experienced in the transfemoral approach. PMID- 1118581 TI - A drop-in treatment shell support. AB - An easily made, inexpensive drop-in support for the use with treatment shells fabricated by the direct (plaster of paris bandage) method is used to immobilize the patient and reproduce the treatment position. Its quick and easy method of attachment and removal requires a minimum of patient cooperation. PMID- 1118582 TI - Rapid treatment field light adjustment for linear accelerators. AB - A technique for rapid, accurate alignment of the light field to the radiation field is presented. When these two fields are coincident, a permanent template results which minimizes machine down time when this procedure is required during the treatment day. PMID- 1118583 TI - Device for lower extremity phlebography. AB - A simple device is described for lower extremity phlebography. With the patient standing or recumbent, simultaneous injection of contrast material can easily be achieved by one person. PMID- 1118584 TI - A simplified injection technique for shoulder arthrography. AB - An easy and reliable technique to inject the shoulder joint for arthrography is described. The technique utilizes a straight anteroposterior position of the patient and a directly vertical placement of the needle with the aid of fluoroscopy. PMID- 1118585 TI - A block and wedge holder for the Picker Series 8 cobalt-60 teletherapy machines. AB - A rigid, easily demountable, and versatile device combines the function of three separate accessories for the Picker Series 8 cobalt-60 teletherapy machine. Wedges and lead blocks are held simultaneously, and firmly so that the blocked field may be directed at any angle. PMID- 1118586 TI - The challenge of continuing medical education. AB - Continuing education is an important responsibility in the practice of radiology. The response to the growing demand for additional and new educational opportunities includes specialty societies and their programs of scientific paper presentations and refresher courses, audiovisual aids and seminars. Lacking, however, is organization of efforts leading toward programmed instruction, permitting renewal and expansion of knowledge on an organized and continuing basis. The Intersociety Educational Committee is attempting to coordinate educational efforts. A unified and effective educational process would eliminate much duplication of effort and increase efficiency. PMID- 1118587 TI - Some possible consequences of recertification. AB - In the absence of documented conclusions concerning the problems of recertification, the author suggests carrying out a few experiments prior to embarking on an elaborate program. Perhaps one or two specialities could conduct programs to investigate the consequences of training and the giving of examinations to various age groups, comparing the work of those with and those without recertification. After analysis of the results, it might be appropriate to embark in a step-wise fashion on rigorous and clearly defined methods of recertification. PMID- 1118588 TI - Will radiology participate? AB - Because of the ever increasing need for radiological services in disadvantaged and remote areas of the United States, it is proposed that there be more emphasis and encouragement of family practice radiology. Since most diagnostic work consists of "bread and butter" radiology rather than highly specialized procedures, and because much of radiation therapy is palliative and can be done outside major therapy centers, the author believes that competency in these areas can be obtained in a resonable training time. PMID- 1118589 TI - Hypotonic examination of the colon with glucagon. AB - The authors report their experience with glucagon in the barium enema examination. Two milligrams of glucagon given intramuscularly was found to be safe and effective in overcoming functional spasm, permitting more detailed evaluation of organic narrowing. The relatively infrequent side effects and few contraindications seen with glucagon make it the drug of choice when reduction in intestinal tone is indicated. PMID- 1118590 TI - Appraisal of the angiographic circulation time as an index of cerebral blood flow. AB - The relationship of the brain angiographic mode circulation time (AVCT) to the mean transit time of the vascular indicator C15O-labeled hemoglobin (tc15o) and the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as measured by the clearance of the diffusible tracer H2-15O was examined in 38 patients with selected cerebral diseases. The results demonstrate a predictable relationship does exist between the rCBF and tc15o. This relationship is linear when plotted as tc15o vs. 1/CBF. Further, tc150 can be estimated with sufficient accuracy from the AVCT to permit at least a qualitative assessment of rCBF from the cerebral angiogram. PMID- 1118591 TI - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis. AB - Nine cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis are reviewed. Eight patients had diabetes and 7 had symptoms related to the orbit. Roentgen analysis of focal bone destruction and uniform mucosal thickening will frequently suggest the diagnosis. Mucormycosis should be suspected in the diabetic patient with destruction of the walls of the bony sinuses, especially when multiple sinus involvement suggests an etiology other than neoplasm. PMID- 1118592 TI - The manifestations of diaphragmatic and juxtadiaphragmatic diseases in the liver spleen scintigraph. AB - Diaphragmatic and juxtadiaphragmatic abnormalities can be recognized on liver spleen scintigraphs by alteration of the normal disparity in height between the liver and the spleen and by flattening of the superior margins of the liver and spleen. A unilateral abnormality is manifested by exaggeration or reversal of the normal disparity in height between the superior margins of the liver and spleen by cephalad or caudad displacement of one of these organs. Bilateral peridiaphragmatic abnormalities are manifested by flattening of the superior margins of the liver and spleen by caudad displacement of both organs. PMID- 1118593 TI - Determination of cerebral death by radionuclide angiography. AB - A unique appearance was seen in 18 of more than 4,000 radionuclide cerebral angiographic studies performed over a period of 5 years in patients who had cerebral death. Absence of cerebral perfusion was indicated by a lack of intracerebral activity and nondelineation of the sagittal sinus during the first minutes after the appearance of scalp activity. This technique provides a sensitive, unambiguous means of identifying a lack of cerebral perfusion. PMID- 1118594 TI - Diagnosis of midgut malrotation with 99mTc-pertechnetate abdominal imaging. AB - In a six-year-old girl with recurrent abdominal pain, abdominal imaging with technetium-99m pertechnetate was performed to detect ectopic gastric mucosa in a Meckel's diverticulum but was negative in this respect. The pattern of radioactivity, moving from the stomach to the proximal small bowel, showed abnormal localization and high concentration of the radionuclide to the right of the midline, indicating midgut malrotation and obstruction. This was subsequently confirmed at exploratory laparotomy. PMID- 1118595 TI - Pulmonary lymphangiectasia demonstrated by lymphangiography in 2 patients with Noonan's syndrome. AB - Two cases of pulmonary lymphangiectasia associated with Noonan's syndrome are described. Chest films showed diffuse pulmonary intersitial infiltrates from infancy. Lymphangiograms demonstrated obstructive changes and collateral formation in the retroperitoneal, mediastinal, pulmonary, and cervical lymphatics and extensive opacification of the pulmonary and visceral pleural lymphatics. Possible mechanisms and causes of the lymphatic malformation are discussed. PMID- 1118596 TI - Delayed radiographic presentation of congenital right diaphragmatic hernia. AB - The diagnosis of right-sided Bochdalek hernias is diffucult. Problems encountered in diagnosis include delayed radiographic manifestations and stimulation of inflammatory disease. The case is presented of a neonate in whom a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia masqueraded as inflammatory disease of the chest. PMID- 1118597 TI - The modulus of elasticity of human cortical bone: an in vivo measurement and its clinical implications. AB - The modulus of elasticity was derived by combining the velocity of ultrasound measurements and photon absorption (Norland-Cameron method) in human cortical bone (proximal radius) in vivo. The results compare favorably with published values of the elasticity modulus obtained in vitro. Values obtained for a heterogeneous group of patients with bone and joint complaints differed from those of normal volunteers. PMID- 1118598 TI - Ultrasonic localization for renal biopsy. AB - B-scan ultrasound was used in 30 patients to localize the kidney prior to renal biopsy. The lower pole of the kidney was outlined in the longitudinal and transverase planes and the depth of the kidney was easily obtained from the ultrasonic tracings. The puncture site was marked on the skin and the angle of the needle pathway determined. Renal biopsy was performed successfully in 28 patients, which compares favorably with the results of other localization methods. PMID- 1118599 TI - Analytical approach for depth dose calculations (60Co beams with fixed source target distance). AB - A method is described to calculate depth dose distribution to a principal plane using analytical formulas for 60Co teletherapy units and constant source-to target distance. The formulas were derived from experimental measurements taking into consideration the obliquity of the beam. For the purposes of dose calculation the beam was divided into primary and scattered components. A computer program incorporating the formulas was developed for an IBM 360/67 computer. Dose distributions computed and obtained from experimental measurements were in good agreement. The computer program is now in use for treatment planning, including rotational techniques. PMID- 1118600 TI - A data acquisition system for three-dimensional treatment planning. AB - The authors describe a coordinate measuring device developed to simplify manual acquisition of the digital information required for computerized three dimensional treatment planning. This system has been used for two years and shown to be both fast and accurate. The time needed to digitize contour data is reduced to approximately one-tenth of that required for manual methods in most cases. PMID- 1118601 TI - Residual radiation damage in mouse skin 5 to 8 months after irradiation. AB - Residual injury from large doses of x-rays or neutrons given 5-8 months earlier was assessed by the response of the skin to further doses of 250 kV x-rays. The "dose remembered" was assessed by single test doses. Two doses separated by 24 hours or 7 days were given to assess the capacity for repair of sublethal injury and recovery by proliferation. About 10% of the pretreatment dose was "remembered" 5-8 months later. The capacity for repair of sublethal injury and proliferation was similar in controls and animals receiving 1000-3000 rads as pretreatment. These results apply to basal layer epidermal cells and may differ from those of more slowly dividing populations. PMID- 1118602 TI - Human CNS perfusion scanning with 123I-iodoantipyrine. AB - Regional perfusion scanning of the central nervous system requires lipophilic radionuclides that rapidly penetrate the intact blood brain barrier. The first compound of this type to be developed for human use is 123I-iodoantipyrine. 123I iodoantipyrine rapidly crosses the blood brain barrier and is flow-limited in its delivery to the brain. This makes possible the CNS perfusion scanning of the human brain, thereby showing regional distribution of microcirculatory blood flow. PMID- 1118603 TI - Cholescintigraphy with 99mTc-penicillamine. AB - D-pencillamine labeled with 99mTc (Tc-Pen) was used for cholescintigraphy in dogs and man. Satisfactory images of the gallbladder were obtained using a scintillation camera fitted with a pinhole collimator. The results of cholescintigraphy and contrast cholecystography compared favorably. The authors suggest that Tc-Pen is taken up by the hepatocytes and excreted into the bile canaliculi which enter the gallbladder. Tc-Pen may prove to be an ideal agent for evaluation of hepatocellular function. PMID- 1118604 TI - Peroneal tenography in previous calcaneal fractures. AB - The evaluation of persistent hindfoot pain in patients with previous calcaneal fractures should include contrast examination of the peroneal tendon sheaths. The identification of extrinsic compression or displacement of the peroneal tendons may indicate that source of pain, the diagnosis being substantiated by temporary relief of discomfort following Xylocaine injection. PMID- 1118605 TI - Instrumentation for salivary duct cannulation. AB - The use of lacrimal probes to locate and dilate the ducts of major salivary glands is described. This technique greatly facilitates cannulation for sialography. PMID- 1118606 TI - Visualization of the posterolateral elements of the upper cervical vertebrae in the anteroposterior projection. AB - A radiographic view in the anteroposterior projection through the open mouth for visualization of the laminae and articular processes of the upper cervical vertebrae is described. This view is adaptable to acutely injured patients. PMID- 1118607 TI - A simple device for measuring angles without marking the radiographic film. AB - Measurements of angles in radiology can be made without marking the radiographs when a simple modification of a standard goniometer is used. PMID- 1118608 TI - A pneumatically operated femoral artery compressor. AB - A readily assembled, inexpensive pneumatically operated femoral artery compressor for use in transfemoral arteriography is described. This device is effective in controlling post-procedure bleeding and oozing around the catheter during the procedure. PMID- 1118609 TI - An evaluation of an automated radiographic table. AB - Results of an official field trial of an automated radiographic film-handling system for horizontal Bucky radiography without cassettes, complete with vacuum exposure magazine are reported. An integral tube stand may limit usefulness of the equipment; a fast film/screen combination and delayed film transport protects the x-ray tube. No film transport problems were found. PMID- 1118610 TI - Light fog on radiographic films: how to measure it properly. AB - A single step wedge imaging technique is described for the proper evaluation of light fog in radiographic darkrooms. Tests indicate that this technique is a more sensitive indicator of light fog than the conventional technique utilizing unexposed film. It is recommended that fog tests be carried out in radiographic darkrooms annually to maintain optimum radiographic image contrast. PMID- 1118611 TI - Abdominal aorta catheterization via the left axillary artery. AB - A simple technique is described for catheterization of the abdominal aorta via the left axillary artery. A commercially available pigtail catheter is used to direct the guide wire toward the descending aorta, and the contrast material may be injected through this catheter. This method works well, even in elderly patients with elongated, tortuous aortas. PMID- 1118612 TI - Coronary angiographic nomenclature. Current status and a plea for standardization. AB - Currently, there is no universal agreement on coronary angiographic anatomic nomenclature. A standardized version is proposed with regional anatomy as the unifying concept. The suggested nomenclature adds no new names to the long list currently in use but rather utilizes those arterial branch names which denote regional perfusion. The goals are to simplify the learning process and to provide more meaningful clinical communication. PMID- 1118613 TI - Errors in applying the NSD concept. AB - An analysis of selected papers in which the Nominal Standard Dose (NSD) concept is used reveals that about 50% of them contain errors. These mistakes are both conceptual and mathematical in nature and average plus or minus 7%. Typical errors and methods to eliminate them are discussed. A table is provided for interconversion of NSDs, partial tolerances, and time, dose and fractionation (TDF) factors. PMID- 1118614 TI - The localization of abnormal mediastinal parathyroid glands. AB - The venous drainage of parathyroid glands ectopically located in the mediastinum is generally caraniad into the inferior thyroid veins. Parathyroid glands in the neck can cause elevated concentrations of parathyroid hormone in mediastinal veins because of thyroidalthymic anastomoses. Therefore venous sampling alone cannot distinguish cervical from mediastinal adenomas. Arteriography can localize mediastinal parathyroids and should be perfomred before any repeat exploration. PMID- 1118615 TI - Treatment of hyperparathyroidism by percutaneous embolization of a mediastinal adenoma. AB - Percutaneous embolization of parathyroid adenomas was attempted in three hypercalcemic patients with previously unsuccessful neck explorations. Two adenomas were in the mediastinum and the third was within the thyroid lobe. Autologous clot, Gelfoam, and silicone rubber were used to obstruct feeding arteries. The intrathyroidal adenoma failed to respond but both mediastinal adenomas were infarcted. Hyperparathyroidism recurred after 7 months in one patient but the other remains normocalcemic 8 months postembolization. PMID- 1118616 TI - The wandering gallbladder. AB - An unusual case of a hypermobile gallbladder and liver is presented. The liver and gallbladder, supported only by a long midline falciform ligament, rotated freely from the right to the left upper quadrant. Because of a long gastrohepatic ligament and mesocolon, intermittent volvulus of the stomach and colon were associated findings. PMID- 1118617 TI - Radiographic diagnosis and accuracy in knee joint effusions. AB - Anteroposterior and lateral knee radiographs were obtained prior to arthrography in 200 patients. Presence and quantity of joint effusion were recorded, and radiologic criteria for the presence or absence of knee effusion were evaluated. Only the lateral projection was of value in assessing joint fluid. The fat pad separation sign was the most accurate indicator of fluid and effusions as small as 1-2 ml were recognized. There were accuracies of 88% in the diagnosis and 90% in the exclusion of knee effusions. Satisfactory lateral knee radiographs required radiologic demonstration of the entire suprapatellar area. Minimal knee flexion and a 5degrees cephalad angulation of the x-ray tube help in adequately visualizing this area. PMID- 1118618 TI - Effects of inguinal hernias upon the bladder and ureters. AB - The presence of inguinal hernia may be associated with extrinsic defects upon the bladder and ureter in the absence of actual herniation of the urinary structures. The findings are characteristic unless associated with irregularity of the bladder wall or elevation of the bladder floor by prostatic enlargement. In some cases, the possibility of intrinsic bladder pathology is raised, requiring retrograde study for clarification. Ureteral displacements may be either ipsilateral or contralateral, depending upon the segment of bowel involved and the side of the hernia. The bladder findings are best demonstrated when the patient is prone or upright. PMID- 1118619 TI - Effects of metrizamide, a new nonionic contrast medium, on cardiac function during coronary angiography in the dog. AB - Metrizamide is a new non-ionic radiopaque agent with low osmolarity and low intravenous toxicity. Hyperosmolarity is one of the factors involved in the decrease of myocardial contracility, alterations of aortic pressure, and disturbances in the cardiac rhythm which contrast media induce during coronary angiography. Metrizamide has been compared to other commonly used contrast media and was shown to produce fewer changes on the cardiac functions recorded. PMID- 1118620 TI - Xeroradiography of axillary lymph node disease. AB - Xeroradiographic evaluation of the axillary lymph nodes permits differentiation of characteristic patterns, including normal nodes and those enlarged as the result of fatty infiltration, inflammation, metastases from a breast primary, or primary nodal disease such as lymphoma or hyperplasia. The author describes his experience with this technique in selected patients. PMID- 1118621 TI - Thermal evaluation of breast disease using local cooling. AB - A simple, inexpensive local cooling system for thermal evaluation of breast disease is described. Skin temperature measured during a 10-minute cooling process averaged 1.2degrees C higher over 31 proved cancers and 0.6degrees C lower over 18 benign masses. Forty-nine masses averaged 1.7 cm in diameter and were 1.5 cm deep; 23 of 31 malignancies (74%), 16 of 18 benign growths (88%), and 46 of 52 "normals" (88%) would have been correctly diagnosed, while results for 10 of 22 women (45%) with asymmetrical diffuse non-malignant disease would have been falsely classified positive. PMID- 1118622 TI - Hysterographic evidence of polypoid filling defects in the uterine cavity. AB - According to earlier studies, radiographic evidence of polypoid filling defects in the uterine cavity has a physiological background if hysterography is carried out during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, but if performed during the proliferative phase, the defects indicate endometrial hyperplasia. This view was not confirmed in the present investigation. Of 8,000 hysterograms reviewed, 200 (2.5%) showed filling defects. Of these, 162 hysterograms were from cases in which the coexisting histological appearance of the endometrium was available; 78% of the histological examinations showed no abnormalities. There was no difference between the secretory and proliferative phases in this respect, and no correlation between radiographic evidence of polypoid filling defects and abnormal uterine bleeding. PMID- 1118623 TI - Positive lymphangiography in gaucher's disease. Report of a case. AB - The author reports a case of Gaucher's disease in which lymphangiography was performed to evaluate cervical lymphadenopathy, later shown to be Hodgkin's disease. The 24-hour lymphangiogram showed fragmentation of the normal nodal architecture and foamy-appearing lymph nodes in the aortic bifurcation. Microscopic study of these nodes revealed abnormalities characteristic of Gaucher's disease. PMID- 1118624 TI - Calcification in pelvic lymph nodes containing Hodgkin's disease following radiotherapy. AB - The appearance of roentgenographically demonstrable calcification in intrathoracic lymph nodes containing Hodgkin's disease following radiotherapy is an unusual but recognized occurrence. This report describes two patients with Hodgkin's disease in whom similar lymph node calcifications developed in involved pelvic nodes following radiotherapy. Such calcification appears to be secondary to tumor degeneration which may result from a variety of postulated causes, including radiotherapy. PMID- 1118626 TI - Taxonomy of viruses, 1975. PMID- 1118625 TI - Lumbar radiculography with metrizamide. A nonionic water-soluble contrast medium. AB - Six hundred lumbar radiculographies were performed with metrizamide in 581 patients. Excellent radiographs were obtained in almost all cases. The adverse effects were minor and no serious complications occurred. The authors consider metrizamide superior to other water-soluble contrast media in present use from both toxicological and radiological points of view. PMID- 1118627 TI - [Rate of photosynthesis and metabolism of Acetabularia in relation to the stage of development (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118628 TI - 80 S ribosomes in Acetabularia major. Distribution and transportation within the cell. PMID- 1118629 TI - 80 S ribosomes in Acetabularia major. Redundancy of rRNA cistrons. PMID- 1118630 TI - [Measles]. PMID- 1118631 TI - [Rubella]. PMID- 1118632 TI - [Viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1118633 TI - [Epidemic parotitis]. PMID- 1118634 TI - [Poliomyelitis anterior acuta]. PMID- 1118635 TI - [Rabies]. PMID- 1118636 TI - [Trichinellosis]. PMID- 1118637 TI - [Epidemiology of epilepsy in Poland computed on the basis of doctor's office visits]. PMID- 1118638 TI - [Antiepidemic service in the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 1118639 TI - [Anaerobic bacteremia and septicemia]. PMID- 1118640 TI - [Mass bacterial food poisoning with Polish sausage infected with Salmonella bovis morbificans bacilli and occurrence of this serotype in the szczecin Province]. PMID- 1118641 TI - [Epidemic of trichinellosis at Zielona Gora in 1972]. PMID- 1118642 TI - [Case of ornithosis]. PMID- 1118643 TI - [Infectious diseases in Poland in 1973]. PMID- 1118644 TI - [Dysentery]. PMID- 1118645 TI - [Botulin poisoning]. PMID- 1118646 TI - [Diphtheria]. PMID- 1118647 TI - [Pertussis]. PMID- 1118648 TI - [Scarlet fever]. PMID- 1118649 TI - [Transplantation of the small intestine]. PMID- 1118650 TI - [Clinical significance of direct bilirubin of delayed reaction]. PMID- 1118651 TI - [Postvagotomy dysphagia]. PMID- 1118652 TI - [Unitary theory of nonhemolitic familial jaundice. Apropos of an atypical case of Dubin-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 1118653 TI - [Biological cycle of bilirubin and its physiopathology]. PMID- 1118654 TI - Major current trends in rehabilitation and education of the deaf and hard of hearing. PMID- 1118655 TI - The pattern of infection with gastro-intestinal nematodes in young fattening lambs at pasture. AB - The pattern of infection with gastrointestinal nematodes in young fattening lambs was determined during the period 1965-69 in 10 counties of the UK. On 25 farms with a history Nematodirus disease, 193 lambs were killed, mostly in pairs, at intervals of three weeks from the end of April to mid-July. In three of the seasons similar studies were extended to mid-September on 33 farms which had a history of parasitic gastroenteritis. Worms were counted 361 parasitic gastroenteritis. Worms were counted in 361 lambs killed at intervals of four weeks. The degree of infection and incidence of different genera covering the same period were identical in both series. The division into Nematodirus and parasitic gastroenteritis farms proved artificial and the results were combined to obtain an overall picture based on average worm burdens during weekly periods from the last week in April to the second week in September. An average total of 2500 worms was present in four-week-old lambs at the end of April and this rose steadily to a peak of 10, 000 during the first week in June. A gradual fall to 5500 in mid-July was followed by a rapid rise which had reached 22, 000 at the end of observations in mid-September. The first wave of infection up to mid-July consisted almost entirely of Nematodirus and Ostertagia in the approximate proportions 3;1, 2:1 and 1-5:1 midway through the months of May, June and July respectively. The second rise from mid-July onwards consisted principally of Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus. Nematodirus worm numbers remained at a lower level while a few Cooperia and Haemonchus had appeared. Unidentified third and fourth stage larvae in the abomasum and small intestine reflected the prevalence of Ostertagia and Nematodirus respectively. The significance of this infection pattern, which was common to all geopgraphical areas, in relation to the epidemiology of parasitic infections in lambs is discussed. PMID- 1118656 TI - The involvement of dietary fat and vitamins, stress, litter and starvation on the incidence of the fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks. AB - Dietary and environmental factors involved in the fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS) were studied. Addition of maize oil, tallow or olive oil isoenergetically at the expense of starch to the standard highmortality diet reduced mortality from 19 to 7 per cent. Supplementation of the standard diet with a mixture of vitamins reduced mortality to 1 per cent whereas supplementation with thiamin alone reduced it to 11 per cent. Mortality was 53 per cent higher among females than males. At 25 days of age mortality was 94 per cent higher among birds that had been subjected to repeated stressing. Withdrawal of food on day 36 resulted in a marked increase in mortality. PMID- 1118657 TI - The erythrokinetics of Zebu cattle chronically infected with Trypanosoma congolense. AB - The erythrokinetics of Ethiopian Zebu cattle infected with T congolense were studied at 12-16 weeks after infection using 59Fe and 51Cr-labelled red cells. The severe anaemia which developed as a result of the infectionw as found to be due principally to a massive loss of red cells from the circulation. PMID- 1118658 TI - The effect of bithionol sulphoxide on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs. AB - Trials with bithionol sulphoxide involving 130 dogs, infected with either Echinococcus granulosus or Taenia hydatigena, indicated that a single treatment at a dose rate of 400 mg/kg or two treatments at 50 mg/kg eliminated the former, but a single treatment at 50 mg/kg was sufficient to eliminate the latter. Dose rates 200 mg/kg or more were lethal to some dogs. With two doses of 50 mg/kg, there was only minor discomfort from vomiting or diarrhoea in some dogs. PMID- 1118659 TI - Functional recovery from spinal cord trauma following delayed incision of spinal meninges in dogs. AB - The spinal cords of 16 normal dogs were exposed via dorsal laminectomies and damaged with a known force. In eight dogs the spinal cord meninges were incised longitudinally after a delay of 2 h. The other eight dogs were kept as controls and their meninges were not incised. The spinal cord function of all dogs was monitored for up to 32 days. The results show that delayed incision of the spinal meninges is of little benefit to dogs following experimental trauma to the spinal cord. PMID- 1118660 TI - Epidemiology of equine streptococci. AB - Equine tonsillar tissue and the draining regional lymph nodes, as well as deep nasal swabs were examined bacteriologically. Group C streptococci, predominantly Streptococcus zooepidemicus, were shown to be present in all tissues. The most frequent site for isolation was the tonsil. Streptococcus equi was not located in any of the tissues sampled. PMID- 1118661 TI - The virulence of vaccine strains of Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides recovered from inoculated cattle. AB - The T1 and KH3J attenuated strains of M mycoides, well-known in Africa for immunisation against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, were recovered from the lymph nodes of cattle at intervals up to three months after vaccination. Virulence titrations in mice indicated that the organisms recovered from cattle were of no greater virulence than the strains used for inoculation. There was, therefore, no suggestion that the use of attenuated vaccines in the field might be associated with reversion to virulence after inoculation. PMID- 1118662 TI - Tissue lipid composition in fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks. AB - The lipid composition of the liver, kidneys, heart and adipose tissue of chicks affected by the fatty liver and kidney syndrome were analysed. Livers and kidneys showed 400 to 500 per cent increases in heart lipid levels. Liver and kidney triglycerides contained increased proportions of mono-unsaturated fatty acids, mainly palmitoleic acid, at the expense of the saturated fatty acids, mainly stearic acid. Phospholipid and adipose tissue fatty acid composition were not markedly altered. The abnormalities were regressing in birds recovering from the syndrome. PMID- 1118663 TI - Prophylaxis and treatment of experimental anaphylaxis in cattle by sodium meclofenamate. AB - Sodium meclofenamate was compared to saline for efficacy in preventing and treating experimentally induced, acute, systemic anaphylaxis in cattle. Respiratroy changes were shown to be reduced to the greatest extent. Lacrimation and collapse were not affected. The timing and routes of administration giving maximum efficacy were those which gave maximum plasma levels of the drug closest to the time of exposure of the animal to the specific antigen. PMID- 1118664 TI - Haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition with Mycoplasma synoviae. AB - A haemagglutinating antigen prepared from cultures of M synoviae WVU 1853 successfully detected homologous haemagglutination inhibition (HI) in sera of fowls and turkeys inoculated with M synoviae. Nonspecific HI was encountered with normal fowl sera but this was removed by treatment with receptor destroying enzyme. It is suggested that M synoviae. HA antigen will be a useful reagent for the diagnosis of M synoviae infection. PMID- 1118665 TI - Intestinal intubation in the unanaesthetised miniature pig: technique for sampling and measurement of gut length per fistulam. AB - Techniques have been developed and are described for the surgical preparation of long-term jejunal and ileal fistulas in miniature swine and for the management and restraint of the fistulated swine for laboratory investigation. An apparatus and procedure is described for per fistulam intubation which allows sampling of intestinal contents at any site in the jejuno-ileum of the unanaesthetised pig. A comparison between in vivo intestinal length, measured by intubation between jejunal and ileal fistulas, and post mortem intestinal length demonstrates that, as in the human, the intestine becomes remarkably elongated after death. PMID- 1118666 TI - Carbohydrate digestion and absorption studies in the horse. AB - The ability of the horse to digest and absorb soluble carbohydrates was assessed using a series of oral disaccharide tolerance tests followed in the same animals by tolerance tests with the constituent monosaccharides. In horses older than three years, lactose did not produce an increase in the plasma glucose levels but induced the passing of soft faeces, indicating that adult horses are lactose intolerant. Horses of all ages could absorb the glucose: galactose mixture without any change in the faeces. The tolerance is due to a failure to hydrolyse lactose and does not involve the monosaccharide transport systems. These findings correspond to the known development pattern of brush border lactase activity in the equine small intestine. Both sucrose and maltose were rapidly hydrolysed, the resulting tolerance curves closely approximating to those for the constituent monosaccharides. Galactose was absorbed at a similar rate to glucose, although a dose of 1g/kg was necessary to produce galactosaemia. An oral lactose tolerance test (1 g/kg as a 20 per cent solution) could be of clinical value to determine small intestinal mucosal damage in diarrhoeic foals when the continued ingestion of lactose might be detrimental. PMID- 1118667 TI - The effect of dietary fat and protein levels, form and cereal type on fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks. AB - A total of 4200 day-old Ross I broiler chicks were subjected to an ambient temperature 2 to 3C degrees higher than normal and were fed various diets to determine the effects of dietary factors and sex on mortality from fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS). In a first experiment mortality was not significantly influenced by cereal type (barley or wheat) but was influenced significantly by fat content of the diet. In a second experiment mortality was increased significantly with a low protein diet and with a pelleted one compared with a mash diet. In both experiments mortality was signigicantly higher in females than in males. High levels of protein and fat in the diet had a protective influence on mortality but the results, especially with pelleted diets, suggested that some other nutrient(s) might be involved in the syndrome. PMID- 1118668 TI - The pathogenesis of single experimental infections with Strongylus vulgaris in foals. AB - The clinical signs, pathology and clinical pathology associated with single experimental infections of Strongylus vulgaris in worm-free pony foals are described. The major clinical signs which became apparent in the infected foals during the first three weeks were pyrexia, anorexia, dullness and abdominal pain. Within the first two weeks of infection lesions were confined to the intestine and terminal branches of the intestinal arteries and consisted of mucosal, submucosal and serosal haemorrhage together with arteritis of submucosal and serosal arteries and also a marked inflammatory reaction. The main lesion seen three weeks after infection was gross thrombosis of the anterior mesenteric artery or one of its major branches. On section these affected arteries showed marked intimal thickening with infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Between one and four months after infection the gross lesions were predominantly in the arteries and consisted of fibrous thickening of the arterial wall and thrombosis associated with the presence of developing fourth stage larvae. Four months after infection the arterial lesions were still prominent and microscopically there was fibrosis of the wall of the affected artery with wide-spread disruption of the intima. In the adventitia organised thrombi were apparent in the vasa vasorum and resulted in the obliteration of their lumina. The typical lesion associated with the return of fifth stage larvae to the intestine was nodule formation in close proximity to thrombosed terminal intestinal arteries and sections of parasites were seen in the intestinal wall surrounded by neutrophils and necrotic debris. By nine months after infection the arterial lesion had healed, but histologically there was fibrosis of the intima and macrophages containing haemosiderin were seen in the arterial wall. The most significant haematological findings during the experimental period were a marked polymorphonuclear leucocytosis and an increase in the number of circulating eosinophils in the infected animals. Also marked was an increase in the serum globulin levels of the infected foals. PMID- 1118669 TI - Analysis of factors determining the resistance to diffusion in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - In 5 patients with liver cirrhosis the measured pulmonary diffusing capacity for oxygen (DLo2) was related to the diffusing capacity of the pulmonary membrane (DM) and to the volume of blood in the pulmonary capillary bed (Vc) as estimated from the measured pulmonary blood flow (Qc) and the value of the presumptive transit time. DL and DM were found to be diminished in 4 of the 5 cases, DM being only once 1,7 times greater than DL. The relationship between the resistance of the red blood cells to diffusion and the resistance of the pulmonary membrane to diffusion (see journal for formula) ranged between 5 and 35% indicating that the resistance of the pulmonary membrane to the uptake of O2 was of greater importance than the resistance of the red cells. A correlation was found to exist between D/Q and DM/ThetaVc (diffusing capacity/blood flow and membrane diffusing capacity/diffusing capacity of the red cells in the pulmonary capillary bed). The possible site and nature of the diffusion defect is discussed. PMID- 1118670 TI - Indications for lung scintigraphy. AB - Perfusion and ventilation lung scintigraphy are indicated: (1) for evaluating regional perfusion and ventilation, (2) for establishing a ratio between ventilation and perfusion in different areas of the lung, (3) when chest surgery is planned (especially for mapping out the extent of resection), (4) when surgery of the upper abdomen is to be performed, and (5) when global function studies are compromised. Regional ventilation and perfusion studies are invaluable in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism in which a perfusion defect is accompanied by well-preserved ventilation in the underperfused area. Regional function tests are indicated for evaluating the distribution of ventilation and pulmonary circulation in practically any chronic pulmonary disease, especially when global function studies, such as spirometry, show significant decreases. PMID- 1118672 TI - Transcendental meditation and asthma. AB - A 6-month study with crossover at 3 months was designed to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of transcendental meditation upon bronchial asthma. 21 patients kept daily diaries of symptoms and medications and answered questionnaires at the end of the study and 6 months later. Other measurements included physician evaluation, pulmonary function testing, and galvanic skin resistance. The results indicated that transcendental meditation is a useful adjunct in treating asthma. PMID- 1118671 TI - [The effect of metered aerosols on bronchospasm induced by acetylcholine inhalation comparison of ipratropiumbromide (Sch 1000) and fenoterol (Berotec) (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty patients with bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled acetylcholine were treated with Sch 1000 and Berotec comparatively. From the mean value diagrams a faster, stronger and more constant decrease of bronchial resistance due to Berotec inhalation can be recognized. The effect, however, is called in question by contrasting diagrams of single cases. PMID- 1118673 TI - Silo-Filler's disease. AB - The effects of oxides of nitrogen inhalation are reported in a 21-year-old gardener exposed to silage gas. Initial nausea, cough and fever remitted, but respiratory failure developed 3 weeks later. Roentgenograms and lung function studies revealed pulmonary edema, volume restriction, and severely impaired gas exchange. Needle biopsy showed a nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. With steroid therapy all functional parameters except diffusing capacity returned to normal. Failure to inquire about non-occupational activities led to delayed diagnosis. A brief review of toxic effects of nitrogen oxides is presented. PMID- 1118674 TI - Respiratory function in esophageal hiatus hernia. II. Regional lung function. AB - 64 subjects with hiatus hernia (34 sliding, 22 mixed, and 8 of paraesophageal variety) were divided into 3 groups according to the transverse diameter of the thoracic loculus and examined by 133Xe-radio-spirometry in the supine position. 48 subjects (22 sliding, 18 mixed, and 8 or paraesophageal variety) showed a significant reduction in the regional ventilation, perfusion or lung volume. Significant correlations were found between the diameter of the thoracic loculus and the reduction in these vairables of the affected lung. PMID- 1118675 TI - Evolution of spirographic patterns in pulmonary bilaterally denervated dogs. AB - One stage total bilateral pulmonary denervation produced in a group of 23 dogs an increase breathing frequency, an increase in the amplitude of respiration and a characteristic morphology of the spirographic pattern. Later in the evolution, these alterations returned to normal with the exeption of the amplitude of respiration which remained increased. This normalization was not accompanied by the reappearance of the Hering-Breuer reflux. Administration of an aerosol of acetylcholine after normalization of the spirographic pattern produced a temporary reappearance of the immediate postdenervation spirographic pattern. We postulate that in denervated lung a nervous plexus localized in the bronchi not related to the vagus might assume an important role in the regulation of respiration. One cannot exclude, however, the possibility that the reappearance of postdenervation pattern is due to stimulation of airways vagal receptors located in areas proximal to the level of the nervous section. PMID- 1118676 TI - Comparative measurements of airway resistance. AB - Three different ways to calculate airway resistance with the whole body plethysmograph during spontaneous breathing and the MBC maneuver were tested on normal subjects and patients with obstructive airway disease. The 'effective resistance values' calculated by applying periodic electric current theory correlate well with a linear interpolation of the various alveolar pressure-flow loops. These apparent linear airway resistance values are as good as the procedure described by Jaeger and Otis, based on the main assumption of sinusoidal flow, to calculate airway resistance. The difficulties in assessing the ventilated lung volume, e.g. in patients with obstructive airway disease, justifies use of the 'apparent resistance values' which are easy to calculate for clinical testing. PMID- 1118677 TI - [Mechanics of breathing and exertion dyspnea in silicosis (author's transl)]. AB - Mechanics of breathing as studied in patients with different stages of silicosis in rest and during exercise show the following: dynamic compliance and work against elastic and viscous resistances could not be found to be decisive indices of exertion dyspnea. Evidence of exertion dyspnea could only be achieved by means of the ration VT/PT (VT equals tidal volume, PT equals tidal esophageal pressure). Exertion dyspnea was observed at less than 0,081 VT per cm H20 PT. In accordance with Campbell and Howell, dyspnea is seen as an inappropriateness between ventilation and pressure needed. PMID- 1118678 TI - [Statistical study on correlations between spirometric data and arterial blood gas tensions. I. Under testing conditions]. AB - Spirometric data, resting Pao2 and Paco2 have been statistically evaluated in 152 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Spirographic studies show a restrictive and obstructive syndrome, associated with hypoxaemia and hypercapnia. Partial correlations show that Pao2 is positively correlated with age and negatively with VC (predicted percentage) and with FEV1 (predicted percentage); Paco2 is only correlated with FEV1 (predicted percentage). FEV1 (predicted percentage) divides the patients into two groups, the hypercapnic and normocapnic. These data show the interest of the FEV1 (predicted percentage) values. PMID- 1118679 TI - Respiratory function in esophageal hiatus hernia. I. Spirometry, gas distribution, and arterial blood gases. AB - As a part of a preoperative investigation, spirometry and blood gas tensions were studied in 64 subjects with X-ray-verified hiatus hernia (34 sliding, 22 mixed, and 8 of paraesophageal variety). According to the transverse diameter of the hernia. They were divided into 3 groups, small (2-5.9 cm), medium (6-9.9 cm), and large (10-17 cm) hernias. No correlation between the size of the hernia, reflux incidence, and spirometric findings could be demonstrated. A significant reduction of the arterial oxygen tension was found in small hernias and in vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in medium-sized hernias. Significant reduction in MVV was noted in the large hernia group. A common spirometric finding in all groups was a significant increase in residual volume and wash-out volume. The incidence of restrictive or obstructive pulmonary impairment was high in large (39%) and small (32%) hernias and relatively low in medium-sized hernias (8%). Roentgenological fibrosis was not found in any of the patients, while 4 showed emphysematous changes. PMID- 1118680 TI - Bronchial lability in children suffering from some diseases of the bronchi. AB - The authors studied bronchial reactivity in children with cystic fibrosis and with deformative bronchitis. The reaction of the bronchi was studied both by inhalatory and exercise provocation. Inhalatory tests were monitored by means of a whole body plethysmograph. Free-range run was used for the exercise test, and the peak expiratory flow rate was measured. The described technique of inhalatory tests was accurate, safe, and not tiring for the patient. No distinct difference in bronchial reaction between the two groups of patients could be stated. The bronchial reaction to the inhalatory and exercise tests was stronger in both groups than in normals but not as strong as in asthmatics. The nature of bronchial hyperreactivity in those patients is still unknown. The inhalatory test seems to be more sensitive than the exercise test in detecting that hyperreactivity. PMID- 1118681 TI - Functional evaluation of a corticosteroid molecule activity, dexamethasone isonicotinate, by aerosol dosage in obstructive lung disease. AB - The authors experimented with a corticosteroid molecule, dexamethasone isonicotinate, by pressurized aerosol, testing it on 15 subjects suffering from a bronchial obstructive syndrome (7 cases of asthmatic bronchitis, 6 of chronic bronchitis with pulmonary emphysema, 2 of bronchial asthma). In such patients clinical evolution, spirographic patterns, and airway resistance were studied by means of body plethysmograph before and after administration of 0.25 mg dexamethasone-isonicotinate four times a day. In four subjects daily variations of airway resistance before and after 10 days of treatment were evaluated: in three cases the resistance diminished noticeably at all times of the day after therapy. In eleven cases the functional parameters were recorded before and after 7 days therapy, and ten subjects were followed up by a monthly, check during 6 months of therapy. In both methods, the authors obtained good or very good results in more than half of the subjects and fair results in a fifth of the subjects; in the remaining patients poor results were obtained. Side-effects attributed to improper dosage were never observed. PMID- 1118682 TI - Influence of tuberculin on ventilatory parameters in patients with chronic bronchitis. AB - The influence of tuberculin administered in aerosol on the ventilatory parameters in patients suffering from chronic bronchitis has been studied. The diameter of the tuberculin skin reaction 1 day after inhalation of tuberculin was found to be related to a decrease in maximal 1-sec forced expiratory volume and maximal midexpiratory flow-rate. Significant decrease in the parameters of dynamic pulmonary ventilation occurred only in a certain proportion (24.6%) of tuberculin positive patients suffering from chronic bronchitis of the obstructive type. PMID- 1118683 TI - Crescent sign in pulmonary hematoma. AB - The pathophysiology of pulmonary hematoma is discussed. The presence of the air crescent sign in a coin lesion is nonspecific; however, it may direct the attention of the physician to consider a traumatic etiology. PMID- 1118684 TI - [Nucleolysis by papain in intervertebral disk herniation]. PMID- 1118685 TI - [Amino acid constitution of the urine in children with rheumatic fever]. PMID- 1118686 TI - [Peripheral blood flow disorders in lower extremities in patients with lumbar nucleus prolapse. Part II. Pathomechanism of peripheral blood flow disorders in lower extremities in the light of modern studies]. PMID- 1118687 TI - [Procedures mobilizing the hip joint in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1118688 TI - [Motor fiber conduction velocity of peripheral nerves in degenerative vertebral disease]. PMID- 1118689 TI - [Hemolysis as a pathogenic factor in anemia in adjuvant-induced polyarthritis]. PMID- 1118690 TI - [Hematologic changes in rats with adjuvant-induced disease. Intravascular clotting and fibrinolysis as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of anemia]. PMID- 1118691 TI - [Behcet's syndrome with polyarthritis]. PMID- 1118692 TI - [Engelmann's disease]. PMID- 1118693 TI - [Pathogenesis of amyloidosis in the light of our observations]. PMID- 1118694 TI - [Pseudocysts of the pancreas]. PMID- 1118695 TI - [Physical rehabilitation of coronary patients in social thermalism center]. PMID- 1118696 TI - [Necrotic and infected tubal cancer. Ileo-sigmoid fistula]. PMID- 1118697 TI - [Practical valve of respiratory function studies in children with an asthmatic syndrome]. PMID- 1118698 TI - [Inaugural lecture in a course of medical psychology and psychosomatic medicine]. PMID- 1118699 TI - [Importance of N-butylbiguanide in the treatment of diabetes of maturity]. PMID- 1118700 TI - [Action of Th 1165a (hydroxyphenylorciprenaline) on respiratory function of children with asthmatic syndromes, in the interval between crises or episodes of dyspnea]. PMID- 1118701 TI - [On commercialization in Belgium of a hyperattenuated measles vaccine]. PMID- 1118702 TI - [Immunological peculiarities of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1118703 TI - [Hematoderma]. PMID- 1118705 TI - [Normal delivery]. PMID- 1118704 TI - [Anti-influenza vaccines, 1974-1975]. PMID- 1118706 TI - [General mechanism of normal delivery]. PMID- 1118707 TI - [Surveillance and management during normal delivery]. PMID- 1118708 TI - [Normal delivery with head presentation]. PMID- 1118709 TI - [Normal delivery in deflected presentations. Presentation of the face, presentation of the forehead]. PMID- 1118710 TI - [Breech presentation]. PMID- 1118711 TI - [Normal twin delivery]. PMID- 1118712 TI - [Psychoprophylactic and analgesic preparation during normal delivery]. PMID- 1118713 TI - [Fetal repercussions of normal delivery and examination of the child at birth]. PMID- 1118714 TI - [Proper and improper use of oxytocic and antispasmotic drugs during normal delivery]. PMID- 1118715 TI - [Pathological anatomy of tumors of the testicle]. PMID- 1118716 TI - [How not to fail in recognizing a tumor of the testicle]. PMID- 1118717 TI - [Procedure to follow when confronted in suspected tumor of the testicle]. PMID- 1118718 TI - [Lymphography in tumors of the testicle]. PMID- 1118720 TI - [Pregnancy and parturition in Wilson's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118719 TI - [Pure seminoma and its treatment]. PMID- 1118721 TI - [Reconstruction operations in extensive and multiple obliterations of the arteries of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118722 TI - [Complications of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1118723 TI - Checkerspot butterflies: a historical perspective. PMID- 1118724 TI - Putting a face together. PMID- 1118725 TI - Interspecific competition: a new approach to the classical theory. AB - The biological consequences of the classical theory of competition are shown to be at least partly a function of a very special way of interpreting particular constants in simple equations. Ii is shown how altered consequences may be obtained by different, but equally plausible, interpretations of those constants. PMID- 1118726 TI - Thyroid allograft immunogenicity is reduced after a period in organ culture. AB - The survival time of mouse thyroid, transplanted under the kidney capsule of an H 2 incompatible recipient, is extended by holding the thyroid in organ culture for 12 days prior to transplantation. PMID- 1118727 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance of rotational mobility of mouse hemoglobin labeled with (2-13C)histidine. AB - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies were made on mouse hemoglobin specifically labeled at the C-2 histidine position. Measurement of the spin lattice relaxation times of the label before and after hemolysis of the erythrocytes provides information on the intracellular fluid viscosities. PMID- 1118728 TI - Inhibition of immune responses in vitro by specific antiserums to Ia antigens. AB - Mouse antiserums prepared against Ia antigens, which are products of I (immune response) region genes of the H-2 complex, can inhibit both primary (immunoglobulin M) and secondary (immunoglobulin G) immune responses in vitro by mouse spleen cultures to heterologous erythrocytes. Antiserums directed specifically at products of either the H-2K or H-2D loci have no effect on this response. PMID- 1118729 TI - Development of specific sensory-evoked synaptic networks in fetal mouse cord brainstem cultures. AB - Neurites of nerve growth factor-enhanced fetal mouse dorsal root ganglion cells can not only establish characteristic sensory synaptic network functions in dorsal regions of attached spinal cord explants, but some of the neurites may grow through the cord tissue in these cultures and make similar functional synaptic connections with specific types of "target" neurons in localized zones within nearby medulla explants. PMID- 1118730 TI - Vaterite: a mineralization product of the hard tissues of a marine organism (Ascidiacea). AB - X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectra show that the spicules of the common tropical ascidian, Herdmania momus, are mineralized with vaterite. These are the first strictly marine organisms known to normally precipitate vaterite. The biomineralization of vaterite may constitute another link between the urochordates and vertebrates. The vaterite of ascidian spicules immersed in natural seawater remains mineralogically unchanged for 1 year, which indicates that vaterite may be preserved transiently in marine sediments. PMID- 1118731 TI - Luminous and chromatic flickering patterns have opposite effects. AB - When stimulated in phase by a sinusoidally flickering, uniform field, the red and green cone systems tend to inhibit each other. This inhibition is minimized by (i) counterphase (luminance) patterns or (ii) red/green (chromaticity) flicker. However, when (i) and (ii) are combined, the usual flickering-pattern effect is reversed: instead of enhancing chromatic flicker, counterphase patterns tend to suppress it. PMID- 1118732 TI - Partition of gross peripheral nerve activity into single unit responses by correlation techniques. AB - The neural activity in the medial articular nerve is partitioned on the basis of conduction velocity by correlation techniques. Because of the small number of cat knee joint units (two to ten) responding under a prescribed set of rotational conditions, it is possible to partition and simultaneously study the units' responses to periodic joint articulation waveforms. PMID- 1118733 TI - HL-A linked antigen E immune response genes: an unproved hypothesis. PMID- 1118734 TI - Locus coeruleus lesions and learning. PMID- 1118735 TI - Studies of the erythron. AB - Radionuclide studies of the erythron are valuable to the physician in evaluating the clinical situation in a wide variety of hematologic disorders. A complete and accurate analysis of the life cycle of the red cell can be obtained with a full iron kinetic study, in conjunction with a DF32P red-cell survival study. However, a complete iron kinetic study is not always necessary. It may be abbreviated by deleting the in vitro phase of the iron kinetic procedure. The abbreviated iron kinetic study is also done in conjunction with a DF32P red-cell survival study. It can easily be performed by injecting 59Fe-labeled plasma and monitoring externally over the spleen, liver, and sacrum. Measurements of red-cell survival may be obtained with either 51Cr or DF32P. Although 51Cr provides a relatively uniform label of circulating red cells and is convenient to count in vitro, its highly variable elution rate precludes an accurate measurement of erythrocyte survival. The 51Cr method provides only a rough index of circulating red-cell half-times as a measure of red-cell survival. DF32P, HOWEVER, IS A PERMANENT LABEL OF CIRCULATING RED CELLS. It provides a direct measurement of erythrocyte survival and permits in vivo labeling of red cells simply by means of direct intravenous injection. Because it has an elution rate that is virtually zero after minimal elution on the day of injection, and because it is not reutilized, DF32P is unquestionably the best agent known for the determination of red-cell survival. In addition to these diagnostic data, the complete iron kinetic study can provide data on the deposition of iron in storage and the rate of iron storage exchange. It can also determine if erythropoiesis is quantitatively abnormal and if the abnormality is located in the bone marrow or in other organs such as the liver or spleen. Although the study of hematologic disorders is one of the most rapidly developing areas of medical research, techniques that are currently available can provide an understanding of the life cycle of the red cell and valuable data that can be applied directly to the clinical situation. When performed accurately, these studies provide a thorough analysis of the pathophysiology of the erythron and are valuable clinical tools that can be used successfully in the diagnosis and evaluation of a broad spectrum of hematological disorders. PMID- 1118736 TI - Technical considerations in labeling of blood elements. AB - The technical difficulties of labeling albumin, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are discussed with respect to the effect of procedual differences on the in vivo fate of the radiolabeled blood element. Albumin can be labeled with 99mTc by a variety of procedures that have not been proved clinically. The labeling of erythrocytes with 51Cr is well defined, but the demand for a better radionuclide has not led to a routine procedure for 99mTc labeled red blood cells. The procedure for labeling white blood cells and platelets with 51Cr has been established, but the in vivo viability of the cells remains in question. Labeling techniques with other isotopes such as 67Ga and 99mTc are still being developed. Blood elements labeled with 51Cr are by far the best defined species, but much remains to be done with isotopes having better physical properties. PMID- 1118737 TI - The spleen as a hematological organ. AB - The spleen has multiple roles in human physiology. Eitht major functions are discussed in this review (hematopoiesis, erythrocyte destruction, hormonal function in hematopoiesis, culling and pitting, platelet and leukocyte destruction, particulate removal, reservoir function, and immunologic function). Splenic trapping of red cells, and the concepts of hypersplenism, are major responsibilities of this organ. These aspects are placed in perspective for the reader. PMID- 1118739 TI - Pathology of bactericidal power of neutrophils. PMID- 1118738 TI - Antimicrobial mechanisms in neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Microorganisms ingested by PMNs are exposed to a variety of antimicrobial systems. Together they comprise a formidable armamentarium, and few organisms survive. The predominant antimicrobial system would be expected to vary with the species, the availability of oxygen and the type of microorganism ingested. There is considerable evidence that the MPO-mediated antimicrobial system plays an important role in the destruction of certain microorganisms in most species; chicken heterophils, however, do not contain MPO,40 and some microorganisms are resistant to this system due to the nature of their cell wall material.146 Further, microbial catalase may offer some protection. The granulocytes of some species (e.g., rabbit, chicken) are rich in cationic proteins and these agents may play a particularly important role in these cells. Granular cationic proteins are less plentiful in human cells.111 Organisms vary in their susceptibility to lysozyme and this enzyme is absent from bovine leukocytes.113 It is probable that the total microbicidal potential of the leukocyte is in excess of its needs under most circumstances. This "overkill" capacity is a reflection of both the level of activity of individual systems and their variety. Particular organisms are susceptible to more than one antimicrobial system and thus may be effectively handled by back-up systems when one is absent. Thus, an organism normally killed by the peroxidase system may be handled less efficiently but adequately when MPO is absent by other oxygen-dependent antimicrobial systems. When a defect in oxidative metabolixm is present as in CGD, both MPO-catalyzed and nonenzymatic oxygen-dependent systems are absent. The ingested organism can, in some instances, supply the needed product of oxidative metabolism (i.e., H2O2); in other instances, oxygen-independent antimicrobial systems are adequate to prevent microbial growth. However, in yet other instances, the organisms survive and multiply and severe infection results. PMID- 1118740 TI - Family homes for adults. PMID- 1118741 TI - NEPA compliance in SRS. PMID- 1118742 TI - Health benefits of family planning. PMID- 1118743 TI - Acute management of burns in children. PMID- 1118744 TI - Prurigo nodularis and uremia. AB - Patients with uremia frequently have generalized pruritus that is usually related to a disturbance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. This report describes three patients with uremia who had prurigo nodularis due to localized scratching and rubbing. The diagnosis of uremia in one case was made when the patient was hospitalized for evaluation of skin lesions. PMID- 1118745 TI - Vascular and adjacent soft tissue injuries associated with fractures of the pelvis. AB - One hundred fifty-one patients with fractures of the pelvis and associated injuries have been reviewed. Patients who have these injuries are likely to have uncontrollable, fatal hemorrhage. Of this group, nine died, 11 had exploratory laparotomies, ten had bladder injuries, and two had rectal damage. Blood gas determinations, arterial catheterization, and pulmonary wedge pressure determinations are valuable in making and early diagnosis of pathologic changes resulting from internal hemorrhage. PMID- 1118746 TI - A program for rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1118747 TI - Primary operative management: method of choice for stab wounds to the heart. AB - Experiences in managing patients suffering cardiac stab wounds and coming to the University of Alabama Hospital in Birmingham from January 1964 to July 1972 are reviewed. From 1964 through July 1971, conservative management was used primarily, but most patients ultimately required operation. Analysis of our experiences during this period convinced us of the advisability of primary operative management for these patients, and since July 1971, primary operative management has been used. In the years from January 1964 to July 1972, 34 patients with cardiac stab wounds were treated at our hospital. Ten were managed conservatively with three deaths among this group. The remaining 24 received operative management either primarily or secondarily, and all of these patients survived. A patient managment program is outlined. PMID- 1118748 TI - Cryosurgery in dermatologic office practice: special reference to dermatofibroma and mucous cyst of the lip. AB - The use of liquid nitrogen therapy by spray, probe, and direct application in benign skin conditions is described. Most dermatofibromas do not require treatment, but for various reasons some are objectionable to the patient. Forty five dermatofibromas were treated by cryospray, with five receiving a second treatment. Diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed in ten cases by shave biopsy of the elevated portion of the fibroma immediately after thawing. In all cases the resulting scar was minimal but sometimes hypopigmented. There was one depressed scar but no hypertrophic scars. Four mucous cysts of the lip were treated successfully by the cryoprobe without any visible or palpable scar. There was one recurrence. We know of no previous reports of cryosurgical treatment of mucous cysts of the lip. PMID- 1118749 TI - Carcinoma of the parathyroid. AB - The histologic diagnosis of carcinoma of the parathyroid is difficult to make, and invasion of contiguous structures or metastasis must be present before the diagnosis can be established. The serum calcium level is usually high, and the tumor is palpable in approximately one half of the patients. A case of parathyroid carcinoma is presented in which the patient had a high serum calcium level, a palpable tumor with invasion of the thyroid gland and metastasis to a local lymph node. Treatment consists of en bloc resection of the tumor and, if possiblethe metastasis. Usually an ipsilateral neck dissection is indicated. PMID- 1118750 TI - Managing depression in the '70s. AB - Depression is among the most common of clinical conditions. Like problems such as anemia, it is not one disease, but a constellation of signs and symptoms which may occur as the result of several psychopatho-physiologic processes. This paper summarizes the recent dramatic advances in research into the neurochemistry of the major affective diseases, provides a conceptual way of viewing depressions, and summarizes current fundamentals of managment. PMID- 1118751 TI - Villous tumors of the rectum: excision by the posterior approach. AB - Villous tumors of the rectum require complete excision for accurate histologic diagnosis. The posterior rectotomy approach of Kraske is presented and described in detail as an excellent method for use in the surgical managment of these lesions. The technic is simple and postoperative morbidity minimal. The procedure is curative for benign lesions and does not interfere with further radical resection of malignant lesions. PMID- 1118752 TI - The epidemiology of cancer in Oklahoma: examination of Cramer's hypothesis. AB - Cancer epidemiology was studied from mortality data using age-specific and age adjusted rates by sex and county of residence for 1956 to 1960 and 1961 to 1965. Geographic and time variations were examined as well as sex ratios and proportionate death rates. Age-adjusted rates for two time periods were used to examine Cramer's hypothesis which states that host susceptibility to cancer is predetermined and external factors determine the site of cancer occurrence. Elevation in total cancer mortality occurred in the urban northeast geographic area, reflecting perhaps the high rates for specific sites such as lung and cervix. Variations with time appeared for the different systems and the sex subgroups but not for total cancer. This finding is consistent with Cramer's hypothesis. Additional findings show an increase in susceptibility of men to cancer over women for most sites, and a proportionate death rate of about 33.4%, 23.2%, 16.1%, and 10.3% respectively for the gastrointestinal, reproductive, respiratory, and hematopoietic systems. Analysis of the data was limited to the white population. PMID- 1118753 TI - Metastatic melanoma of the brain presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Case reports of two patients with metastatic melanoma of the brain who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage are described. The importance of considering metastatic melanoma to the brain in the differential diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage is emphasized. PMID- 1118754 TI - Leptospirosis: an underdiagnosed cause of acute febrile illness. AB - Two cases of leptospirosis diagnosed at the Texas Medical Center in a two-week period are presented. Most cases of leptospirosis go undiagnosed because the symptoms and signs are nonspecific. Leptospirosis should enter the differential diagnosis when symptoms of influenzal illness, aseptic meningitis, and viral gastroenteritis occur, especially if abnormal hepatic and renal function are shown to be present. Many, but by no means all, patients will give history of exposure to livestock or rodents. Diagnosis is best made by serologic methods; Treatment is usually not required since the disease is self-limited, and even in the more severe form, antibiotics have not been conclusively shown to be of benefit. PMID- 1118755 TI - Bromism: recent perspectives. AB - The introduction of bromureides on a large scale in England and Australia has resulted in a major health hazard. Attention is directed to this problem so preventive measures may be taken in this country to discourage their marketing. We recommend that physicians acquaint themselves with the active ingredients of over-the-counter sedatives and cough medications and that they consider the potential risks involved before prescribing bromides in organic combination. We maintain that bromism is not a relic of the past but rather a serious problem in some countries and a potential one in ours. In addition to reviewing the present status of bromide intoxication in the United States and abroad, we report an atypical case of possible bromide intoxication from a water supply in a rural area of the Midwest United States. Because of reports of bromide intoxication in rural areas, we speculate that some of these cases may be secondary to contaminated water supplies. PMID- 1118756 TI - Postoperative hypoglycemia in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. AB - One infant with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis developed severe hypoglycemia with lethargy, irritability, cyanosis, and convulsions in the immediate postoperative period after Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromytomy. A likely hypothesis for this mechanism has been reported as hepatic glycogen depletion secondary to malnutrition. Any infant with malnutrition, from whatever cause, should be assumed to have glycogen depletion, and repletion should be started and continued with all intravenous fluids given during the preoperative period. Hypoglycemia should be suspected when an infant develops any unusual or unexplained symptoms or findings in the immediate postoperative period. Prompt and intensive treatment with intravenous hypertonic glucose infusion must be begun and continued until blood glucose determinations remain at a safe level with oral feedings alone. PMID- 1118757 TI - Management of the newborn with congenital heart disease. PMID- 1118758 TI - Role of the nitroblue tetrazolium dye test in diagnosis of infections. PMID- 1118759 TI - A practical approach to the patient with vertigo: an outline of diagnosis and management for the nonspecialist. AB - A careful history is the most important part of a medical examination for vertigo, especially to establish whether it is acute, chronic or recurrent. If the patient spontaneously volunteers ear complaints, such as fullness, tinnitus, or hearing loss, the cause is probably otologic and deserves immediate referral. If no otologic complaints are volunteered, the whole body becomes a source of investigation. All nonvital drugs should be withheld while the vertigo study is progressing. A complete physical examination and blood profile should be carried out. Roentgenograms of the skull and chest should be obtained. Accurate diagnosis and proper management are possible only with prolonged follow-up. Unnecessary expense, inconvenience, and discomfort for the patient can be avoided by a screening audiogram to identify unilateral hearing loss. All unilateral hearing loss should be investigated thoroughly in order to diagnose serious retrocochlear disease early. PMID- 1118760 TI - Megaloblastic anemia in a vegetarian taking oral contraceptives. AB - A case is reported of megaloblastic anemia resulting from folate deficiency in a vegetarian who had been taking oral contraceptives for eight years. A brief report of the pertinent literature is included, PMID- 1118761 TI - Editorials: Atherosclerosis--a pediatric problem. PMID- 1118762 TI - Editorial: Phototherapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 1118763 TI - Gram-negative bacillus pneumonia. AB - Our experience with gram-negativebacillus pneumonia (GNBP) was examined to assist us in the diagnosis and treatment of this serious condition. The patients were divided into three categories: those with primary GNBP, those with primary nosocomial GNBP, and those with superinfection GNBP. Mortality correlated highly with the severity of underlying disorders. Aspiration occurred or was suspected before most instances of primary GNBP. Tracheostomy, inhalation therapy, and aspiration were common events before development of primary nosocomial GNBP and superinfection GNBP. Half the patients survived the two primary varieties of GNBP. A striking leukocytosis developed at the onset of most cases of primary nosocomial GNBP and superinfection GNBP. PMID- 1118764 TI - Osteopoikilosis: possible association with dystocia and keloid. PMID- 1118765 TI - Massive orbital invasion by small malignant lesions. AB - In diagnosing and treating small malignant lesions of the eyelids, physicians should be alert for possible extension of the cancer into the orbit, endangering not only the patient's sight but his life as well. Important signs and symptoms include bone thickening, disturbances of ocular motility, intermittent epiphora, and positive results of radiologic studies. From histopathologic study of the resected carcinomatous tissues, it is apparent that the creeping, cicatrizing, ulcerated, and invasive patterns of basal cell carcinoma predominate in this group of eyelid tumors, all of which are aggressive lesions; however, the histologic type is quite variable and no definite trends can be established. PMID- 1118766 TI - Guidelines for blood pressure mass screening projects. AB - Community-wide blood pressure screening is one of many methods of detecting unknown or inadequately treated hypertension. The first mass blood pressure screeing in a major metropolitan area was conducted in New Orleans on Aril 28 and 29, 1973. The 43 public and parochial schools were used as screening sites. Medical volunteers screened 30,329 individuals, 8,953 of whom were referred to their physician for treatment of high blood pressure. This project has shown that with adequate volunteers and publicity, mass screening is feasible and may be the only realistic method of reaching the numerous undetected hypertensives. An added bonus has been the spin-off in public awareness of the problem and its sequelae. A follow-up program for those individuals referred for further evaluation is strongly recommended. Guidelines and suggestions for mass screeings are described for use by medical groups or agencies. The blood pressure data are studied in relation to demographic data to facilitate comprehension of the problem on a larger scale. PMID- 1118767 TI - Manpower and the future role of otolaryngology. AB - Much discussion has taken place in the past three years in the media and in Congress concerning the delivery of health care in the United States. Our concern is to supply manpower to deliver adequate health care, to train enough new specialists, and to encourage needed research. There is presently a debate among otolaryngologists as to the scope of their specialty. Some believe that family practitioners should receive some training in this specialty, be certified by our Board, and act as the primary otolaryngologists. The need for fully trained otolaryngologists would then be reduced radically. Otolaryngologists could be concentrated in the medical centers, where they would act as tertiary physicians. Others believe that better quality care would be delivered by fully trained otolaryngologists, and that many otolaryngologists prefer to be primary and secondary physicians. This debate must be settled quickly in order to plan our manpower pool for the future. Decisions involving future manpower needs in our specialty must be made by the otolaryngologists. PMID- 1118768 TI - Congenital posterior angulation of tibia and fibula. AB - Congenital posterior angulation of the tibia occurs less frequently than congenital anterior bowing. Concomitant deformities of the foot and contractures of the soft tissue usually exist. A review of the literature indicates that nonoperative treatment is usually successful in correcting the deformity. Tibial growth is frequently less than normal and epiphysiodesis of the opposite extermity may be necessary. Three patients are presented who have been followed up for 17 years, two years, and over one year. Improvement is occurring with nonoperative treatment. PMID- 1118769 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the gallbladder: A dilemma. AB - The prognosis for advanced carcinoma of the gallbladder is grave, but a reappraisal of the histologic and gross presentation of the disease may uncover a group of patients with significantly better prognosis. During any cholecystedtomy, the gallbladder should be opened by the surgeon and frozen sections should be obtained for suspicious lesions. Carcinoma in situ appears to be well treated by cholecstectomy alone. Microinvasive carcinomas of the gallbladder require wider surgical excision PMID- 1118770 TI - Loss of transferase enzyme activity of transfused erythrocytes in galactosemia. AB - Rapid loss of erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in hemolysates from an infant 26 days after transfusion led to investigation of the possiblity of an unstable enzyme or other variant of galactosemia. However, the child was found to have the classic type of galactosemia. The seeming transferase instability was attributable to loss of enzyme activity in hemolysates from blood containg aged, transfused cells, the source of the enzyme. Thus when transfusion is necessary, transferase assay for diagnosis of the enzyme deficiency before transfusion avoids confusion attributable to the enzyme supplied in the transfused cells. PMID- 1118771 TI - Carotid artery injury produced by blunt neck trauma. AB - Three patients with extracranial carotid artery injury are presented. The trauma to the neck was blunt and nonpenetrating. Two patients showed the progressive neurologic signs of an intracranial lesion three and seven days respectively after head injuries. Injury to the neck did not appear to be a factor in one and, at most, a minor factor in the other. The provisional diagnostic impression in each instance was subdural hematoma. The third case was found in a patient with brain contusion, fractured mandible, and severe neck contusion, who was investigated by contrast study when he failed to respond. All three patients showed compromise of the lumen of an extracranial internal carotid artery on arteriography and on exploration. Two reacted promptly and well to surgical intervention. The third recovered slowly from the brain contusion, but we believe that additional complications were averted by appropriate intervention. PMID- 1118772 TI - Aspirin allergy: a clinical study. AB - The following beliefs about aspirin sensitivity are widely held: (1) it usually is accompanied by nasal polyps. (2) It occurs primarily in nonallergic patients. (3) Its most common manifestation is asthma. (4) When it is combined with polyps and asthma (the so-called "aspirin triad"), the prognosis is unfavorable. (5) Polypectomy may precipitate asthma in aspirin sensitive patients. This paper, based on a study of 112 private patients, presents clinical evidence to refute these beliefs. It shows the following: (1) Aspirin allergy is accompanied by polyps in less than 5% of cases (13% of asthma patients). (2) In most cases, patients show well-defined allergy to an inhalant, food, or other drug. (3) Its most common manifestations are urticaria and angiodema, not asthma. (4) The prognosis is favorable, whether or not polyps are present. (5) Polypectomy does not precipitate asthma in aspirin-sensitive patients. PMID- 1118774 TI - Sebaceous carcinoma of the caruncle. AB - A rare case of sabaceous carcinoma of the caruncle with intraluminal shedding of tumour cells into the canaliculus is presented. The possibility of metastatic spread via this route and its clinical implications are discussed. Although the patient had tumor extending to the deep surgical section, he is alive 29 months after the initial surgical excision without subsequent treatment. PMID- 1118773 TI - The management of organophosphate intoxication. AB - This review attempts to reiterate the problem of organophosphate intoxication and the pathophysiologic problems created by these compounds. A discussion of management is included. The case reported of a two-year old child serves to illustrate the tremendously high doses of atropine which may be required to block the acetylcholine accumulated at cholinergic synapses as a result of phosphorylation of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphorus compounds. PMID- 1118775 TI - Fraudulent feculent fever in a female fabulist. PMID- 1118776 TI - [Modification of Welin's double contrast method in colon examination]. PMID- 1118777 TI - [Technic of transurethral brush biopsy]. PMID- 1118778 TI - [Possibilities of dosage saving in micturion cystourethrography]. PMID- 1118779 TI - [2 unusual cases of heart injuries]. PMID- 1118780 TI - [Problem of the thoracic drainage after thoracic surgery]. PMID- 1118781 TI - [Postperfusion lungs]. PMID- 1118782 TI - [Historical and physiological notes on vagotomy in the treatment of the ulcer disease]. PMID- 1118783 TI - [Some mesenteric neoplasms]. PMID- 1118784 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the male breast]. PMID- 1118785 TI - [Anatomic notes on Hill's surgery of sliding hiatal hernia with gastroesophagal reflux]. PMID- 1118786 TI - Editorial: Physiology and pharmacology today. PMID- 1118787 TI - Letter: Bone cement and antibiotics. PMID- 1118788 TI - Letter: Heel stamping as a sign of acute abdomen. PMID- 1118789 TI - Gastrins in human antrum, duodenum and peripheral circulation. AB - Previous studies have shown that arginine-stimulated gastrin release disappears after pyloric antrectomy in the human, while conflicting evidence indicates that gastrin is released by the human duodenum. The present study reconciles this conflict by showing that the major form of gastrin in the pyloric antrum is the heptadecpeptide form, while the duodenum contains mainly "big" and almost no heptadecapeptide gastrin. Fasting serum samples contain mostly "big" gastrins, while stimulated serum contains increased proportions of the heptadecapeptide and minigastrin species. It is suggested that local factors operative at the different G-cell sites determine the nature of gastrin released since "big" gastrins occur in most sites containing gastrin. PMID- 1118790 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pumping for low cardiac output syndromes. PMID- 1118791 TI - Biochemical monitoring of the surgical patient. AB - The need for prognostic and biochemical monitors of cellular function becomes increasingly evident with the further elucidation of the metabolic pattern secondary to disease. Thus far studies have shown that lactic acid may be one of these biochemical parameters. Investigations are now in the process of defining other biochemical indicators of cellular dysfunction. PMID- 1118792 TI - Intraoperative esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and endoscopy of the small bowel. AB - Intraoperative endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract is probably much more widely used than has been publicized in the recent literature. Application of this new tool to the surgical armamentarium depends only on the limits of the imagination of the operating surgeon and his endoscopist colleague, in most cases, the gastroenterologist. The operative maneuverability of current endoscopes make every portion of the gastrointestinal tract accessible to direct visualization without incision into it, both by the operating surgeon and by the endoscopist. For the full potential of this modality to be realized, the same sort of cooperation between gastrointestinal surgeon and gastroenterologist must be achieved as currently exists between cardiac surgeon and cardiologist and between transplant surgeon and nephrologist. Once this cooperation has been established, application of these tools to gastrointestinal diseases should become commonplace in gastrointestinal surgery. PMID- 1118793 TI - Lateral internal sphincterotomy: a new technique for treatment of chronic fissure in-ano. PMID- 1118794 TI - Dysplasia of the quadriceps mechanism: hypoplasia of the vastus medialis muscle as related to the hypermobile patella syndrome. AB - Disturbance of the patellofemoral mechanism is the most common cause of dysfunction in the knee, especially in athletes of all age groups. This is primarily a congenital familial abnormality due to poor development in the vastus medialis. The patella develops in the line of maximum pull of this muscle group; in this congenital condition it develops in line with the stronger antagonist to the vastus medialis, the vastus lateralis muscle. Therefore, the position in the extremity that the patella assumes is the result of abnormal muscle development. This brings about other changes in the lower extremity that increase the tendency of the patella to migrate laterally. This condition, hypoplasia of the vastus medialis muscle, exists in a large number of people (about 40% of my patient population) in an asymptomatic form that predisposes them to degenerative changes of the patellofemoral articulation later in life, even without symptoms related to dysfunction of the patellofemoral mechanism. These individuals are also predisposed to disturbances of the patellofemoral mechanism which may cause symptoms, that is, the painful knee for which they seek medical attention. The symptomatic types of dysplasia of the quadriceps mechanism are usually brought on by injury to the medical quadriceps retinaculum that stretches or tears it, allowing the lateral migration to increase and producing pain in the inner aspect of the knee. Disuse atrophy of the vastus medialis accentuates the clinical picture as the condition worsens. As the asymptomatic type may progress into the midly symptomatic variant and eacy may worsen into a more serious disabling variety as reinjury occurs, it is important to recognize each type and to treat them properly. PMID- 1118795 TI - Scope and limitations of stroma-free hemoglobin solution as an oxygen-carrying blood substitute. AB - One hundred years of study of stroma-free hemoglobin have generated much information regarding its scope and limitations as an oxygen-carrying blood substitute. The most important development in recent years is the development of a truly stroma-free hemoglobin solution. At this time, we know that SFH can readily bind, transport, and unload oxygen. It does not appear to be nephrotoxic or significantly antigenic. It may not be converted to methemoglobin in the body in significant amounts. Its short in vivo half-life may have important advantages. PMID- 1118796 TI - Newer Techniques in evaluation of injured patients. AB - Effective management of the severely injured requires an experienced, knowledgeable, and thoughtful physician who has a rational approach to both evaluation and treatment firmly in mind. When in doubt, access to a Trauma Registry (computerized) can be exceedingly valuable to assist in selecting the most effective treatment for a given clinical problem. The evaluation of the patient centers about general metabolic considerations, including acid-base disequilibrium, respiratory insufficiency, fluid volume monitoring, tissue perfusion (urine output), and osmolality. Diagnostic efforts to identify organ injury include infusion pyelography, paracentesis, radionuclide scanning, and angiography. The most critical diagnostic evaluation, however, remains frequent, careful examination of the injured patient, meticulously noting and interpreting all changes in physical findings. PMID- 1118797 TI - New insights in cardiac trauma. AB - Recent advances in cardiac surgery associated with newer diagnostic modalities have decreased the mortality from cardiac wounds. With decreasing operative mortality, previous nonoperative approaches have been abandoned while judicious total repair of valvular, septal, and coronary artery injuries at the initial operative procedure seems resonable and justified. PMID- 1118798 TI - Methods for evaluating myocardial contractility. PMID- 1118799 TI - Bilateral traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae. AB - The author reports a case of bilateral traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae successfully treated by cervical carotid surgery alone. The right fistula was presumably cured by the thrombotic process induced by muscle embolization and carotid ligation (Brooks method). The left shunt was selectively obliterated by controlled embolization with preservation of the carotid permeability (variant of Isamat technique). PMID- 1118800 TI - Combined subarachnoid and subdural spinal hematoma following spinal puncture. AB - A case of combined subarachnoid and subdural spinal hematomas secondary to lumbar puncture during myelography is described. Contributing factors to this particular syndrome are discussed and the separate clinical syndromes of epidural and subarachnoid spinal hematomas are described. The incidence of all spinal hematomas appears to be increasing, due to the combined factors of spinal trauma and anticoagulant therapy. Spinal hematomas typically present with severe and localized back pain, rapidly progressive myelopathy and a poor prognosis for functional recovery unless immediate decompression is performed. PMID- 1118801 TI - Editorial: Malpractice. Are we responsible? PMID- 1118802 TI - Letter: Caution against dexamethasone. PMID- 1118803 TI - Intraspinal enterogenous cyst: delayed appearance following mediastinal cyst resection. AB - A case of delayed appearance of a cervicothoracic extra-medullary intradural enterogenous cyst was disclosed in a boy at the age of four years and 9 months. The patient had had removal of an enterogenous mediastinal cyst without any demonstrable anatomical connection to the spinal cord at the age of three weeks. PMID- 1118804 TI - Effect of phenoxybenzamine on experimental cerebral arterial spasm in cats. AB - The effect of topical and intravenous administration of phenoxybenzamine, an alpha adrenergic blocking agent, on experimental vasospasm was studied in cats. Topical application of phenoxybenzamine prevented the occurence of vasospasm without noticeable systemic alpha adrenergic blocking effect. Intravenous use, however, was ineffective in the dosage with which total systemic alpha adrenergic blockade was obtained. Effects of intravenous administration in much larger dosage seemed to be largely due to the non-specific action of phenoxybenzamine on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 1118805 TI - Salmonella meningitis. AB - Three cases of salmonella meningitis in infants were successfully treated with a combination of intraventricular and systemic antibiotics after standard treatment had failed. The intraventricular antibiotics were administered through a subcutaneously implanted ventriculostomy reservoir. The ventricular fluid cultures were positive in all cases. The organisms in the ventricle may periodically reinoculate the subarachnoid space and add to the difficulty in curing salmonella meningitis. Details of the prolonged treatment (29-59 days) and the antibiotic levels obtained are presented. No local reservoir complications were encountered. All three patients were developing normally 10 to 18 months following treatment including two who required a shunt procedure for nonabsorptive hydrocephalus. PMID- 1118806 TI - Melanotic spinal schwannoma. PMID- 1118807 TI - Interhemispheric subdural empyema: angiographic diagnosis and surgical treatment. AB - Interhemispheric subdural empyema, secondary to frontal sinusitis in two girls is described. Headache, hemiparesis more marked in the lower extremity, fever, focal seizures, stupor and stiff neck were the principal features of the clinical course. The angiographic appearance of the lesion was the key to the preoperative diagnosis. Surgical evacuation of the purulent collection resulted in complete cure in both cases. PMID- 1118808 TI - Editorial: Beware of nail-guns! PMID- 1118809 TI - Cranio-cerebral injuries from nail-gun used in the construction industry. AB - The nail-gun has been used in the construction industry world-wide. An increasing number of injuries to the cranium and other parts of the body has been reported due to its careless use or mishandling. Some of these are reviewed with emphasis on craniocerebral and spinal cord involvement. Two cases are reported here. Both of these patients survived and have returned to gainful employment. PMID- 1118811 TI - Editorial: "Board eligible". PMID- 1118810 TI - Cerebellar abscesses: a review of seventeen cases. AB - Seventeen cases of cerebellar abscesses are reviewed. The incidence was 18% of all brain abscesses. Thirteen were males, and four were females. Headache was the most common presenting symptom. These abscesses have a better prognosis for survival and neurological function than supratentorial abscesses. They are less likely to be encapsulated. Continued neurological decline in the face of adequate surgical treatment of a single abscess should alert the physcian to the possibility of a second abscess. PMID- 1118812 TI - Traumatic pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula involving the middle meningeal artery. AB - Two cases of traumatic pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula involving the middle meningeal artery are reported with a review of the world literature on these specific entities. The two conditions appear to evolve through similar mechanisms and may lead to a confusing clinical picture. High quality angiography is important in making an early diagnosis, prior to performing a definitive surgical procedure. PMID- 1118813 TI - [Sociotherapeutic institutions--realities or plans for the future?]. PMID- 1118815 TI - and"nad. PMID- 1118814 TI - [Chronic prostatitis and prostatopathy]. PMID- 1118816 TI - [Mechanism of action of clofibrate]. PMID- 1118817 TI - [New therapeutic possibility in obstructive pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 1118818 TI - [Notices from the 26th German Therapy-week in Karlsruhe]. PMID- 1118819 TI - [Graphology from the medical viewpoint]. PMID- 1118820 TI - [Treatment of prostatic carcinoma with orally administered Estracyt]. PMID- 1118821 TI - [Importance of primary hyperthyroidism in urology]. PMID- 1118822 TI - [Surgery of endocrine hyperfunctional state of suprarenal glands]. PMID- 1118823 TI - [Emergencies in urology]. PMID- 1118824 TI - [Treatment of prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 1118825 TI - Heparin dosage in extracorporeal circulation and its neutralization. PMID- 1118826 TI - Heparin therapy of diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC). PMID- 1118827 TI - A case against heparin therapy of intravascular coagulation. AB - Administration of a potentially dangerous drug like heparin should not be based on theroretical considerations and innumerable case reports but 1) on a firm diagnosis and 2) on a critical evaluation of the clinical benefit. The validity of criteria for the diagnosis of intravascular coagulation (IC) is discussed. It is emphasized in particular that loss of fibrinogen into extravascular spaces can only be excluded by assays of the level and disappearance rate of serum proteins not subject to the proteolytic action of thrombin or plasmin. Even when the diagnosis can be reasonably established, heparin therapy in a particular condition should only be advocated if its clinical benefit has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trails. Our conviction that heparin has as yet a small if any place in the management of patients with so-called intravascular coagulations is based mainly on two sets of arguments, one stemming from a critique of the diagnosis of IC, the other from a general attitude in the evaluation of therapeutic procedures. PMID- 1118828 TI - Letter: Comparative evaluation of a platelet serotonin assay utilizing ortho phthaldialdehyde for fluorophore production. PMID- 1118829 TI - Letter: Platelet electrophoresis. Some comments. PMID- 1118830 TI - The physiological function of heparin. PMID- 1118831 TI - Small doses of heparin and a new concept of hypercoagulability. PMID- 1118832 TI - The influence of a new analgetic-antiphlogistic compound (2-(2-methyl-3'chloro) anilino-nicotinic acid) on platelet function and fibrinolytic activity in vitro. PMID- 1118833 TI - [Legal responsibility and special compulsory legal reactions. Comments to the penal law councils' proposition]. PMID- 1118834 TI - [Acrodermatitis enteropathica. A zinc deficiency syndrome?]. PMID- 1118835 TI - [Dermatomyositis in childhood]. PMID- 1118836 TI - [Lithium intoxication. A case with fatal outcome]. PMID- 1118837 TI - [A comparative study of drug addicts over and under 30 years of age]. PMID- 1118838 TI - [Young drug addicts--further development after treatment]. PMID- 1118839 TI - [Thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian vein]. PMID- 1118840 TI - [Intracutaneous testing in penicillin allergy]. PMID- 1118841 TI - [Occupation and fever]. PMID- 1118842 TI - [Solvent zinc "Draco". Report on a new drug]. PMID- 1118843 TI - [Broncholytica]. PMID- 1118844 TI - [Clindamycin-colitis]. PMID- 1118845 TI - [Zinc in medicin]. PMID- 1118846 TI - [Letter: Microstix and N-labstix "Ames"--unsafe for proving bacteriuria]. PMID- 1118847 TI - [Histological changes in liver biopsies in different forms of cholestasis. With speciell aspects on clinical-pathological correlations]. PMID- 1118848 TI - [The value of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of cholestasis]. PMID- 1118849 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography (ERCP)]. PMID- 1118850 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of GI endoscopy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography and sphincterotomy of the papilla of Vater]. PMID- 1118851 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis and medical treatment of cholestasis]. PMID- 1118852 TI - [Effect of ampicillin, chloramphenicol and penicillin + streptomycin in the treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 1118853 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis of unknown origin]. PMID- 1118854 TI - [Cholestasis after biliary tract operations]. PMID- 1118855 TI - [Letter: The need for eye glasses among children and youth]. PMID- 1118856 TI - Ultrastructure of mitosis in the amoeboflagellate Naegleria gruberi. AB - Naegleria gruberi is an amoeboflagellate found in soil; mitosis is restricted to the amoeboid phase of its life-cycle. Ultrastructural examination of mitotic stages has confirmed some aspects of karyokinesis reported in earlier light microscopic studies and expanded on other features of nuclear division described in electron-microscopic studies of Naegleria. The nuclear envelope remained intact throughout division, the nucleolus persisted, and centrioles were not found. Chromosomes were indistinguishable at the ultrastructural level, nor was any evidence detected of sites of microtubular attachment to possible chromosomes. An interzonal body, formed during separation in two of the nucleolus, was not an invariable feature of mitosis. The same was true of the polar caps, which appeared to be little more than the ends of the mitotic spindle. It is suggested that, in line with comparable situations in other protists, expansion of the nuclear envelope is chiefly responsible for separation of the nucleus into two daughter nuclei. PMID- 1118857 TI - The role of the Golgi complex in the isolation and digestion of organelles. AB - The origin of the membranes and lytic enzymes involved in autophagy has been studied in metamorphosing insect fat body. The Golgi complex has two functions in the organelle destruction which takes place when fat body cells change their activities. (1) It gives rise to envelopes which extermalize organelles scheduled for destruction. Microbodies, mitochodria and rough endoplasmic reticulum are sequentially removed from the cytoplasm by investment in isolation membranes. During the isolating phase, isolation membranes have the same osmiophilia as the outer saccular and microvesicular components of the Golgi complex, they do not contain lytic enzymes and they are specific in their adhesion to organelles scheduled for destruction. (2) The Golgi complex gives rist to lytic enzymes. Primary lysosomes which contain acid phosphatase fuse with the isolation bodies formed from invested organelles to become autophagic vacuoles. During this lytic phase, acid phosphatase is present in the inner saccules and microvesicular components of the Golgi complex, in the primary lysosomes seen fusing with isolation bodies and in autophagic vacuoles. PMID- 1118858 TI - Fenestrated endothelium of the adrenal gland: freeze-fracture studies. AB - Little is known of how adrenal hormones pass from the interstitial to the vascular space. We have begun to examine the adrenal endothelium as a barrier to hormone passage, by the freeze-fracturing technique. The endothelium of both cortex and medulla is fenestrated. Fractures from both regions show endothelial cells to be extremely thin in regions where fenestrations are abundant. En face fractures show fenestrae disposed in tracts; the fenestrae reaching a distribution of 35/mu2. In both cortex and medulla there are areas of continuous endothelium which contain caveolae. Structures believed to represent fenestra diaphragms contain randomly disposed particles and occasional pits. We have not identified in replicas the central ring and pore described in thin-sectioned material (Elfvin, 1965). The main differences between freeze-fractured aspects of cortical and medullary endothelium are the greater abundance of caveolae in the medulla and the size of the fenestrae (fenestra rims in the medulla are 525-780 A in diameter; in the cortex 570-1660 A). These differences may reflect the different embryological origins of the medulla and cortex. While caveolae may participate in hormone transport, there is no evidence for this. In the medulla the caveolae are more numerous and may have a function not necessarily related to transport. Possibly, caveolae play a role in processing hormones and related substances. For example, ATP and specific proteins are released as well as epinephrine during exocytosis from chromaffin cells. Epinephrine enters the vascular space but ATP does not. ATPase enzymes are a common feature of caveolae of other endothelia and may occur as well in adrenal endothelium. PMID- 1118859 TI - Some ultrastructural observations on the integument of a pentastomid. AB - The cuticle of the cephalobaenid pentastomid Reighardia sternae is described at various stages of the moult-intermoult cycle. The intermoult cuticle comprises four layers: an outer epicuticle; an underlying dense layer, the protein epicuticle; a fibrillar endocuticle; and a denser subcuticle. The overall similarity between the structure and composition of these layers and those of insects is discussed. However, the orientation of the chitin-protein fibres in the endocuticle does not show the rotating structure characteristic of many arthropod species, but this does appear in the sclerotized hooks. It is suggested that this comparatively loose, poorly oriented endocuticular structure produces a highly extensible cuticle which is precisely adapted to the specialize, endoparasitic habit of this species. Events at ecdysis, particularly the secretion of moulting fluid and the deposition of cuticulin, follow the insect pattern precisely. The phyletic significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 1118860 TI - The fine structure of the cockroach subgenual organ. AB - This paper describes the fine structure of the cockroach subgenual organ, a complex ciliated mechanoreceptor that detects vibrations in the substrate upon which the animal stands. Located beneath the knee in each walking leg, the cockroach subgenual organ is a thin, fan-shaped flap of tissue slung across the dorsal blood space of the tibia at right angles to the leg's long axis. It is innervated by approximately 50 chordotonal sensilla. The fine structure of the chordotonal sensilla is is described in detail; possible transducer sites are discussed. PMID- 1118861 TI - Effect of clomiphene on the ponderal, histological and biochemical changes induced by stilbestrol and testosterone in the uterus of rats. AB - A comparative study on the effects of clomiphene on the stilbestrol- and testosterone-induced changes in the weight, histology and biochemical constituents of the uterus was undertaken. Clomiphene counteracted the stilbestrol-induced increase in the weight, and the absolute contents of the glycogen, protein and RNA of the uterus, possibly by competitive inhibition. It failed to prevent such changes induced by testosterone: on the contrary, there were some additive effects. The results of the present study indicate that the binding sites for the estrogen and the androgen in the uterus are different. PMID- 1118862 TI - Steroid hormones in the ovarian blood of the laying turkey. AB - In the present study estrone, estradiol, progesterone, the two 20 dihydroprogesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and testosterone were isolated for the first time from the ovarian plasma of laying turkey hens. The isolated steroids were identified by comparing their chromatographic mobilities in thin layer, liquid, and gas-liquid chromatography and, when sufficient material was isolated, by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 1118863 TI - Adrenal and liver metabolites of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone in the rat. Identification of reduced compounds (18-OH-TH-DOC). AB - The presence of reduced metabolites of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone has been investigated in the adrenals of 23 day-old and adult rats and in the liver of adult rats. By thin-layer chromatography a fraction of the adrenal steroid extract migrating like tetrahydrocorticosterone has been isolated. By gas chromatography-mass spectrometry several isomers of 3,18,21-trihydroxy-pregnan-20 one (18-OH-TH-DOC) have been separated in this fraction and identified by comparison with authentic samples which have been chemically and enzymatically synthesized. The major tetrahydrogenated metabolite in the adult and prepuberal rat adrenals is 3beta,18,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (18-OH-TH-DOC II). The 3alpha,18,21-trihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one has been found only in the prepuberal rat adrenal. A third tetrahydrogenated isomer has been tentatively indentified as 3alpha,18,21-trihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one. Quantitative measurements by mass fragmentography show that adrenal reductase activity on 18 hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone is higher than on corticosterone. The 18-OH-TH-DOC II has been identified in the liver of adult male rat. PMID- 1118864 TI - Neural uptake and metabolism of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the guinea pig. AB - Neural tissues from adult, castrated male guinea pigs were examined for their capability to concentrate and metabolize [1,2-3H]testosterone (T) and [1,2 3H]dihydrotestosterone (DHT), both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro uptake of DHT and T was greater in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary than in the cerebral cortex. With DHT as the substrate, the 800 times g particulate concentration of this compound was highest in the hypothalamus, although in this tissue, particulate concentration was less than that of the cytoplasm. In the cerebral cortex 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione was the most abundant metabolite, whereas 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol, and 5alpha androstane-3beta,17beta-diol were all present in equivalent amounts in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Incubation with T resulted in the formation of DHT, 4 androstene-3,17-dione, and a compound with the mobility of 5alpha-(or 5beta )androstane-3,17-dione. The radioactivity associated with DHT was the most prevalent in the pituitary (1.3%), and least prevalent in the cerebral cortex (0.6%), and in all cases cytoplasmic concentration of this compound exceeded the concentration in the particulate fraction. Recrystallization failed to confirm the presence of estradiol-17beta. Although there were no apparent tissue differences in the uptake of DHT or T 1 hour after their injection, intracellular distribution varied. In all tissues examined, that percentage of total radioactivity attributable to DHT was greatest in the 800 times g particulate preparations, particularly in the hypothalamus. Thus neural tissues in the guinea pig, as in other species, exhibit differential uptake and metabolism of androgen through which physiological and behavioral effects may be mediated. PMID- 1118865 TI - Inhibition of 17,20(17-hydroxyprogesterone)-lyase by progesterone. AB - 14C-17-hydroxyprogesterone was incubated with 7000 times g times 20 min supernatants of rat testis homogenates in the presence of various concentrations of 3H-progesterone, both under conditions where metabolism would take place and where it would be prevented. When metabolism was prevented, the ratio of progesterone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the microsomal fraction was 3 times that which was added to the incubation medium. Progesterone competitively inhibited 17,20-lyase action on added 17-hydroxyprogesterone but not on 17 hydroxyprogesterone formed from the added progesterone. The rate of formation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone from progesterone, however, was inhibited by added 17 hydroxyprogesterone. The results indicate that there is no free exchange of an intermediate between progesterone and androstenedione with the soluble fraction, either inside or outside the microsomal vesicle. The limited exchange with 17 hydroxyprogesterone in solution probably represents exchange with an enzyme-bound intermediate. PMID- 1118866 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 25xi,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - 25xi,26-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (25xi,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3), a metabolite of vitamin D3 preferentially active on intestine has been synthesized. This compound was prepared by converting 3beta-hydroxy-27-norcholest-5-en-25-one to 25xi,26 epoxy-5-cholesten--3beta-ol and base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the latter to 5 cholestene-3beta,25xi,26-triol; allylic bromination of the corresponding triacetate, and dehydrobromination gave the required 5,7-diene which yielded the vitamin derivative upon photolysis (Figure 3). The synthetic product shows the same activity pattern as the natural metabolite: at dose levels of 0.25 mug, the compound stimulates intestinal calcium transport, but has no effect on bone calcium mobilization in rats maintained on a vitamin D-deficient, low calcium diet. Higher doses (2.5 mug) elicit a more pronounced intestinal calcium transport response, but also have no significant effect on the bone mobilization system. The compound exhibits no biologial activity in nephrectomized animals. PMID- 1118867 TI - Plasma estrogens, progesterone and chorionic gonadotropin in pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after ovariectomy. AB - Maternal peripheral plasma concentrations of estrone (E1), estradiol-17beta (E2), and progesterone (P) were determined in 4 rhesus monkeys ovariectomized in early pregnancy (22-24 days). After ovariectomy, plasma concentrations of E1 and E2 were basal for 1 to 2 weeks. In contrast, slightly higher estrogen levels, which may be attributed to the ovaries, were found in intact pregnant monkeys. E2 levels increased rapidly after this and exceeded those of E1 until the 5th month of gestation. From that time until parturition, E1 levels equaled or exceeded those of E2 in most instances. The pattern of P concentrations was similar to that observed in intact monkeys. Urinary chorionic gonadotropin (MCG) levels in ovariectomized monkeys were not significantly different from those found in normal pregnancies. Thus, the pattern for circulating E1, E2 and P, as well as for the excretion of MCG, after ovariectomy were remarkably similar to those found in intact, pregnant rhesus monkeys, indicating minimal ovarian influence. PMID- 1118868 TI - Effects of estrogen and progesterone on uterine sialic acid in ovariectomized rats. AB - The effects of estradiol-17beta and progesterone on uterine sialic acid of ovariectomized rats have been examined. In contrast to a previous report, progesterone was found in two of three experiments of different design to increase uterine sialic acid concentration above that produced by estradiol 17beta alone; in the third experiment, it had no significant effect. This effect of progesterone was independent of the duration of treatment with exogenous hormones or of whether or not uterine luminal fluid was removed by blotting before assaying sialic acid. In a factorially designed experiment with four levels of estradiol-17beta and three of progesterone, a dose-response relationship was found between estradiol-17beta, but not progesterone, and uterine sialic acid concentration. It is concluded that, in some circumstances, estrogen and progesterone can act synergistically to increase uterine sialic acid concentration. PMID- 1118869 TI - Assessment of national family planning programs in developing countries. AB - Today, 34 developing countries have policies and programs to lower fertility, and an additional 32 countries provide family planning services for health and humanitarian reasons. Specific causal relationships and linkages between social and economic development, family planning programs, and fertility levels and changes remain mostly unclear at this point. Based on percent acceptors, percent users, and changes in fertility rates (the most commonly used measures to evaluate family planning program accomplishments), however, the performance of programs on the whole has been moderately encouraging. PMID- 1118870 TI - Evaluating family planning program effectiveness and efficiency. AB - This article proposes an integrated in-house evaluation model for family planning programs. The model is designed to meet the need of program management for an operational and internal evaluation system suited to the ongoing character of program activities and focused on the feedback of information for program planning. The ideas presented are applied to the context of the Albany County Family Planning Service, Inc., Wyoming. PMID- 1118871 TI - The role of voluntary organizations in national family planning programs. AB - A meeting of an expert group was held on 7-12 August 1972 in Bangkok, Thailand, to discuss existing patterns of relationships between governments in Asian countries implementing national family planning programs and the private national family planning associations. The concept of a suitable working relationship and division of labor was explored. It was felt that a nationwide program can best be administered under government leadership but that voluntary organizations should be involved to the maximum extent possible. The need for communication and coordination at all levels of planning and operation was stressed. PMID- 1118872 TI - Screening oral contraceptive candidates and inconsequential pelvic examinations. AB - Among 1,201 women who requested oral contraceptives (OCs) at a large London family planning clinic between 1 January 1971 and 9 March 1971, 51 (5 percent) were initially denied this method because of contraindications discovered by medical histories and examinations. Twenty-four of the 51 women received OCs at subsequent visits, raising the overall proportion receiving OCs to 97.4 percent. Initial screening procedures detected 44 contraindications by medical history, six by blood pressure determination, one by breast examination, and none by pelvic examination. Examination by a physician did not appear to be essential in the screening process at this clinic. PMID- 1118873 TI - An economic framework for fertility analysis. AB - The standard formulation of the microeconomic theory of fertility, which emphasizes the demand for children and, to a lesser extent, the costs of fertility control, is too limited in its scope for use by most demographers and sociologists. The approach advanced in this paper adds to the usual theory a more explicit and formal treatment of the production of children, including the possibility of shifts in production independent of demand conditions. This more comprehensive framework is compared with the usual approach in the analysis of several empirical problems-non-marital fertility, premodern fertility fluctuations and differentials, and the secular fertility decline-and is shown to be better suited for incorporating the concepts and hypotheses of noneconomists along with those of economists. PMID- 1118874 TI - REALPOP: a mathematical model for resource allocation in population programs results from a test in the Dominican Republic. AB - The structure of a computerized mathematical model for resource allocation in population programs (REALPOP) and its application to the Dominican Republic's national family planning program are described. The model integrates demographic and management science approaches in the analysis of resource allocation, program planning, goal evaluation, and growth strategies of a family planning program. It is designed primarily to aid administrative decision-makers. The Dominican National Population and Family Council (NPFC) established a goal of reducing the crude birth rate from its 1968 level of 48 per thousand population to 28 per thousand in 15 years. Further, the program has established a clear set of program plans and alternatives. This study investigates the implication of these plans for the program's stated goals. PMID- 1118875 TI - The relationship between change in educational attainment and fertility rates in Taiwan. AB - Using vital statistics data for 1966 on age-education-specific marital fertility rates and comparable data drawn from a sample of Taiwanese women in 1971, the author computes the separate effects of changes in marital fertility, proportions married, age distribution, and educational distribution on changes in the crude birth rate and the fertility rate between 1966 and 1971. The changing educational distribution appears to have been fairly important, accounting for 24 percent of the 1966-1971 change in crude birth rate, holding other factors constant. For young women, the closely related factors of education and age at marriage seem to dominate fertility over the period, probably reflecting the widespread adoption of contraceptive practice by the lower educational strata. The effects of organized family planning program efforts are probably felt here. PMID- 1118876 TI - Washed hyperpacked frozen and shelf red blood cells. AB - In order to determine the maximum degree to which blood units could be packed and still be effective, shelf stored blood and previously frozen red blood cells were washed and hyperpacked to hematocrits of 90 to 98 per cent. These products had average volumes of 180 and 162 ml, respectively. When transfused into a group of patients with stable nonhemolytic anemias or with slow or intermittent blood loss, the hyperpacked shelf stored blood resulted in average hematocrit increments of 4.4 per cent; the hyperpacked frozen red blood cells resulted in average hematocrit increments of 3.4 per cent. Conventionally packed unwashed red blood cells had approximately 10 per cent more hemoglobin and volumes of 270 to 330 ml, but resulted in average hematocrit elevations of only 2.8 per cent. Unwashed blood hyperpacked to hematocrits of 90 per cent with removal of the visible buffy coat took much longer to administer. Thus, by washing and hyperpacking shelf stored blood or previously forzen red blood cells, transfusions with the minimal amount of extraneous material can be given. PMID- 1118877 TI - Identification of strong Sd(a+) and Sd(a++) red cells by hemagglutinins from Salvia horminum. AB - Anti-Sd-a is difficult to identify, unless a special technique and strongly reacting Sd(a+) red blood cells are used. Sd-a has a broad distribution of antigen strength. The strongest examples [Sd(a++) or "Super Sid" and strong Sd(a+)] may be readily identified by using an extract from the seeds of Salvia horminum. PMID- 1118878 TI - In vitro metabolism of packed erythrocytes stored in CPD-adenine. AB - In vitro metabolism of erythrocytes packed at 70 and 90 per cent hematocrits and stored in various CPD-adenine preservatives was studied. It was found that maintenance of acceptable levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for the full 42 days of storage could be accomplished only if glucose levels were doubled from the standard 138.7 mM concentration to 277.5 mM level. If glucose levels were doubled, the amount of adenine could be decreased from 4.07 mM (0.50 mM final concentration) to 2.04 mM (0.25 mM final concentration) with maintenance of ATP at greater than 2.0 mumoles/g Hb. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations were essentially absent by 21 days in the various media studies. Thus, in vitro levels of ATP appear to be maintained at acceptable levels in a CPD media modified to contain 2 times glucose and 2.04 mM adenine. PMID- 1118879 TI - The effect of agitation on in vitro metabolism of erythrocytes stored in CPD adenine. AB - Agitation of blood stored in plastic containers has been reported to lead to improved posttransfusion survival and it has been found that, in some media, agitation has improved erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels. Using CPD II media (CPD with 277.5 mM glucose and 2.04 mM adenine), we were not able to identify any improvement in levels of adenosine triphosphate, 2,3-DPG or glucose in whole blood under various agitation conditions when compared with nonagitated control. The 2,3-DPG level was moderately improved through 28 days in the 90 per cent hematocrit packed erythrocytes but the results were not considered to be significantly beneficial to warrant agitation. Thus, the application of agitation to the CPD II blood storage system was of no great benefit in improving metabolic intermediate levels. PMID- 1118880 TI - Potassium load in CPD-preserved whole blood and two types of packed red blood cells. AB - The potassium load of transfused blood must be minimized. We have compared the total plasma potassium content of units of CPD-preserved stored whole blood (SWB), stored packed cells (SPC), and packed cells prepared from stored whole blood (WB-PC). Plasma potassium concentrations, unit weights, and hematocrits of 20 units of SWB, 27 units of SPC, and 20 units of WB-PC of various ages were measured. During the 21-day storage period, total plasma potassium content per unit increased in units of SPC at the same rate as in units of SWB, because plasma potassium concentration increased in SPC at three times the rate of SWB. The values for total plasma potassium per unit at 14 and 21 days in mEq/unit were: SWB, 4.4, 5.8; SPC 3.1, 4.4; and WB-PC 1.9, 2.5. Thus, SPC units may contain substantial amounts of plasma potassium when stored for two to three weeks. However, removal of most of the remaining supernatant plasma from SPC units just prior to administration provides a readily available supply of low potassium blood while allowing maximum conservation of scarce blood resources. PMID- 1118881 TI - Two further examples of anti-Gy. AB - Two new patients with anti-Gy-a (Gregory) are reported. Both patients are from an area where consanguineous marriage is common. The two kindreds may be related. PMID- 1118882 TI - Blood banking as a professional discipline in medicine. AB - A closer orientation of blood banking toward optimal donor and patient care will depend upon an enlargement of the manpower pool of physicians with specific competence in this area. Toward this end, programs must be developed within medical school curricula, and comprehensive postgraduate training programs must be available for those interested in committing themselves fully to this specialty. Continuing education must be made available to part-time blood banking professionals in order that they remain abreast of newer developments. Recognition of their skills can now come about through competence testing and certification programs. Improvements in management of the blood resource may then be expected to occur in parallel with the increase in numbers and quality of the professionals within this unique specialty. PMID- 1118883 TI - Effects of donor recruitment methods on population responses. AB - It is important to know the preferences of blood donors and nondonors as to 1) the method of contact of the prospective donor by the recruiter, 2) the character of the relationship between the recruiter and the recruit, 3) the recruitment message used by the recruiter, and 4) the logistics of the collection. Interviews with almost 2,000 blood donors and nondonors in the Buffalo region were done to provide information on these preferences. Results of the studies include evidence that face-to-face recruiting is over three times as effective as is recruiting by the telephone. the relationship between recruiter and recruit is important primarily to first-time donors. The recruitment message should include all of the reasons for donating. Replacement donors are a good source of future volunteers, and the logistics of blood collection, particularly selection of donor sites and overall time required to donate, are crucial in determining donor responses. PMID- 1118884 TI - Donors and nondonors: communication and information. AB - Donors and nondonors from six states were surveyed to determine differences in: 1) socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, 2) knowledge about blood donation, 3) access to information about donating, and 4) motivation to donate. The findings indicate that the present donor pool consists largely of socioeconomically advancing young adults. There was little difference between donors' and nondonors' knowledge of the donating process and access to mass media disseminated information about blood donation. Nondonors receive more information about donating from friends than do donors and interpersonal influence is an effective means of donor recruitment. The use of motivators other than humanitarianism may also be useful for inducing volunteer donations. Nondonors do lack knowledge about the location of local collection facilities. The present sample is socioeconomically and demographically representative of the U.S. adult population. As such, it provides information useful for developing effective donor recruitment strategies. PMID- 1118885 TI - A computerized donor processing system for a regional blood collection center. AB - The initial phase of a computerized on-line donor processing system was developed and demonstrated at the American National Red Cross, Washington Regional Donor Center and at bloodmobile operations. It was used for entry of donor registration information and for screening donors early in the donation procedure against a list of deferred donors. This demonstration took place with the computerized donor processing system running in parallel with the present manual operations. Since volunteer staff usually assist in the operation of most blood collection facilities, it was necessary to demonstrate that nontechnical personnel could operate the computerized system. PMID- 1118886 TI - Granulocyte harvest for transfusion: donor response to repeated leukapheresis. AB - Leukapheresis of normal donors with the NCI-IBM Continuous Flow Blood Cell Separator was compared with the method of filtration leukapheresis. An average of 5.7 times 10-9 (range 1.4 to 10.9 times 10-9) granulocytes were collected on 25 occasions with the blood cell separator compared with an average of 36.6 times 10 9 (range 20.1 to 61.3 times 10-9) obtained by filtration leukapheresis on 85 occasions. Donor platelet counts decreased following donation by an average of 29,000/mul (14%) with continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) and an average of 40,000/mul (17%) with filtration leukapheresis (FL). Estimated donor packed red blood cell loss, including blood obtained for investigative purposes, was 80 ml per donation with CFC and 67 ml per donation when FL was used. FL resulted in at least a 25 per cent increase in the granulocyte count of donors by donation completion in 61 per cent of donors, although postdonation granulocytosis did not correlate with increased cell harvest. CFC donors generally displayed a postdonation decrease in granulocyte count. Normal numbers of granulocytes were maintained in donors undergoing frequent leukapheresis and no donor's health was compromised by the removal of large numbers of granulocytes. Repeated donations were possible with both systems. Although platelet counts dropped more with FL, the procedure was performed as frequently as eight times in a ten-day period without development of severe donor thrombocytopenia. Donor red blood cell loss appears to be the limiting factor in the repeated use of either system. Blood loss could be significantly decreased under routine conditions if fewer samples were obtained for investigational purposes. Filtration leukapheresis offers the advantage of significantly greater granulocyte yields than is possible with CFC unless modifications such as arterio-venous shunts or the use of steroids and/or rouleaux-inducing agents are employed. PMID- 1118887 TI - On the sparse seeding of bone marrow and thymus in radiation chimaeras. AB - The repopulation of the thymus was studied in mice after a potentially lethal dose of irradiation and injection of different numbers of syngeneic but chromosomally distinguishable bone marrow cells. The more bone marrow cells were injected, the earlier was the changeover from dividing host cells to dividing donor cells observed. At both 30 and 60 days after irradiation, the number of donor-derived T cells in the peripheral blood responding to phytohemagglutinin was directly proportional to the number of donor bone marrow cells injected, but the number of host-derived T cells was inversely proportional. Experiments in which mistures of two syngeneic chromosomally distinguishable haematopoietic cell populations were injected after irradiation suggested that relatively small numbers of haematopoietic cells can be responsible for repopulating a single femur. Analysis of the thymus showed that the dividing cell populations within the thymus can also derive from very few precursor cells, possibly as few as one or two. PMID- 1118888 TI - Heterotransplantation of invertebrate organs to congenitally athymic (nude) mice. PMID- 1118889 TI - Activated macrophages as cytotoxic effector cells. PMID- 1118890 TI - The therapeutic value of steroids in the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 1118891 TI - Side effects of steroids and their treatment. PMID- 1118892 TI - Effect of steroids on lysosomes. PMID- 1118893 TI - Effects of corticosteroids on complement and the neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte. PMID- 1118894 TI - Corticosteroids and immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 1118895 TI - Corticosteroids as immunosuppressive drugs: a brief perspective. PMID- 1118896 TI - [Device increasing the capabilities of the MUF-5 microspectrophotometer]. AB - Technical data for coordination of the device electric scheme and the MUPH-5 scheme (both with and without the integrator MIU-2) are presented together with a following computer analysis. The device enables to record discrete changes of optical density on the scanning pathway thus giving an advantage in application for quantitative analysis of histochemical enzymatic reaction as compared with the graphic registering. PMID- 1118897 TI - [Linear differentiation of the X-chromosomes of the field vole Microtus agrestis]. AB - Morphology of the fibroblasts X-chromosomes obtained from the female field vole Microtus agrestis and cultured for 4--5 hr before fixation in 5 bromodeoxyuridine, was studied. A clear differential condensation along the lenght of the whole X-chromosome was observed. A difference between homologues in the degree of uneven condensation was noted both in the short arm (facultative heterochromatin) and in the long arm (constitutive heterochromatin). PMID- 1118898 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the formation of pancreatic endocrine A-cells from acinar epithelium in normal and experimental conditions]. AB - Electron microscope studies in the pancreas of intact white rats and cats and after folliculin administration showed presence of acinar-islet cells with zymogen and endocrine A-granules. Different structure organellas, different amount of zymogen and incretory granules in these cells gave an idea of the process of acino-insular transformation. At later stages of the transformation, participation of the elements of laminar complex of the transitional cells in formation of secretory A-granules, was noted. Presence of the acinar-islet cells in normal and a high amount of them in the pancreas of experimental animals corroborated the essential role of the acinar-islet transformation in the genesis of A-cells of the Langerhans islets. PMID- 1118899 TI - [Role of cations and surface membrane proteins in the adhesion of rat liver parenchymal cells. I. Effect of dirrerent perfusion periods on the structure of cellular junctions]. AB - Electronmicroscopic study of the structure of the rat liver cell junctions in the normal conditions and after 90 min. perfusion by the physiological solution showed 4 kinds of specialized junctions between the hepatocytes with typical structure: tight junction, gap junction, intermediate junction, and desmosomes. The long perfusion does not cause visible changes in the contact structure or the sizes of the intercellular space. The preservation of the tight junction after the long perfusion is demonstrated by the lanthanum tracer: lanthanum is never found in the tight junction and in the bile capillary. Lanthanum reveales globular structure of the middle layer of the gap junction. PMID- 1118900 TI - [Nuclear apparatus of the oocyte and accessory cells in the oogenesis of 2 ant species]. AB - The accessory nuclei are present throughout vitellogenesis. They originate from the oocyte nucleus. Structurally they resembe nuclei and, besides, their inclusions contain RNA of nucleolar origin. But the inclusions of accessory nuclei are Feulgen-negative. PMID- 1118901 TI - [Mechanism of potentiation of contraction in glycerol-treated muscles]. AB - The glycerol was shown to lead to a considerable though transient increase in the contractile amplitude of the m. sartorius. Prolonged incubation of the muscle in the Ringer and Ca-free solutions in presence of glycerol led to a decrease in the response following potentiation. The potentiation due to glycerol seems to be caused by Ca2+ release which, in its turn, is due to the glycerol effect on membranes of SR and T-systems. PMID- 1118902 TI - [Increase in the time of conservation of contractility of glycerinated muscles exposed to subthreshhold concentrations of chemical agents]. AB - The response of glycerinized frog muscles to the action of chemical agents at subthreshold concentrations was the same as that of living muscles. Preservation of contractility (up to 50--200% over the control time) in response to ATP was achieved by incubation of the muscle models in solutions of chloral hydrate (0.0038--0.015M), urethan (0.09--0.35M), urea (0.5M) and sodium chloride (0.035- 0.070M). Concentrations of these agents were always about 15--45% of the toxicity threshold. The prolongation of the "survival time" is suggested to depend on changes in the contractile proteins of muscles. PMID- 1118903 TI - [Time dependence of the reaction rate constant of potassium permeability of Ranvier's node membrane]. AB - To describe the kinetics of potassium permeability (conductance) changes in the squid giant axon membrane the Hodgkin--Huxley formulation uses a single first order in time variable n with forward and backward rate constants, respectively alpha-n and beta-n, potential-dependent but time-independent. It has been shown by Frankenhaeuser that in the potassium-carrying system of the myelinated nerve fiber membrane of Xenopus laevis the rate constant beta-n is dependent on the duration of previous depolarization, i. e. the beta-n of this membrane is time dependent. Started from the FitzHugh--Cole--Moore translation principle for potassium current experimental data of Frankenhaeuser have been analysed to show that the rate constant alpha-n in the X. laevis nerve fiber membrane is also time dependent. To keep the conventional Hodgkin--Huxley formulation valid in case of the potassium-carrying system of the X. laevis nodal membrane involvement of an additional first--order in time component (n-II) has been postulated, which is compatible with Frankenhaeuser's experimental results. This component n-II appears to be identical to the n-II-component in the potassium-carrying system of the Rana ridibunda nerve fiber membrane. Both are rather slow and activated within the potential range more negative than the basic n-I-component (corresponding to Frankenhaeuser's variable n). The component n-I seems to be identical to the n-component of many other excitable membranes with fast action potentials. The existence of the third, very slow nIII-component is also possible. The independent components in question are believed to be associated with different independent potassium channels within the same membrane. It is likely that the existence of several independent components is a general feature of the potassium-carrying mechanism in the excitable membranes essential for a particular type of electrogenesis. PMID- 1118904 TI - [Grouping of neurons according to their RNA content during different functional states of the cerebral cortex]. AB - In the cat somatosensory cortex intact and after epileptiform activity induced by electric stimulation, neurons formed groups on the basis of similarity of their RNA contents. The highest degree of grouping was observed during the epileptiform cortical activity. Functional significance of these groupings is discussed. PMID- 1118906 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the mitochondrion of flagellates of suborder Bodonina]. AB - The presence of "free" mitochondria in addition to the single mitochondrion associated with kinetoplast, was observed in flagellates. Ultrastructure of the mitochondria was described. The presence of kinetoplast was observed in Pleuromonas jaculans. PMID- 1118905 TI - [Effect of light deprivation and light stimulation on the RNA content of neurons in the adult rat visual analyzer]. AB - By means of two-wavelength visual cytospectrophotometry, a content of nucleic acids per cell was determined in the gallocyanin chrome alum stained sections of the adult rat nervous system. Illumination of normal rats with constant or flashing light for 2 hr resulted in an accumulation of RNA in II--III layer neurons of the visual cortex and in the retina ganglionic neurons. After the rats had been kept for 30 days in a complete darkness the nucleic acid content in their visual cortex neurons was increased. Illumination of these animals with constant or flashing light for 2 hr gave rise to a return of the nucleic acid content in the cortex neurons to the normal. Under the effect of 30-day light deprivation, the nucleic acid content in the retina ganglionic neurons remained unchanged. Illumination of the light-deprived rats with flashing light for 2 hr also did not change RNA content in these retina neurons. The data obtained indicate the prolonged hypofunction in adult animals to induce marked changes in nucleic acid metabolism in the neurons of visual analyser. A relationship between the function and metabolism in adult neurons is emphasized; differences of the function-dependent metabolic responses in the cell structures of central and peripheral parts of the visual analyser are discussed. PMID- 1118907 TI - [Symbiotic bacteria of the macronucleus of Paramecium caudatum]. AB - Particles of a newly described endosymbiont of Paramecium caudatum, clone M-115, here referred to as iota--particles, are Gram--negative bacteria. The symbionts are only present within macronuclei and not in the cytoplasm or in the micronuclei. The cells of clone M-115 iota do not display any killer-effect when mixed with "clean" cultures of Paramecia. In life cycle of the symbiont, there is an alternation of two morphological forms: a spindle-shaped form 2.0--2.5 microns long and a rod-shaped form -- about 18 microns long. The data obtained revealed a high ability to infect cell of "clean" clones of P. caudatum with iota-particles. The antagonistic relationships between two different species of endonucleosymbionts: iota- and omega-particles, are detected. The revealed biological features of iota can be used for studying the mechanisms of nuclear differentiation in ciliates. PMID- 1118908 TI - [Legal euthanasia from a juridical point of view]. PMID- 1118909 TI - [Letter: Breakdown of medical education]. PMID- 1118910 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography]. PMID- 1118911 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (35 cases)]. PMID- 1118912 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography]. PMID- 1118913 TI - [Percutanous transhepatic cholangiography. A retrospective review of 49 cases in view of diagnostic value and complications]. PMID- 1118914 TI - [Oral steroid therapy of cavernous haemangioma in children]. PMID- 1118915 TI - [Letter: Accidental hypothermia]. PMID- 1118916 TI - [Letter: News from the podiatry]. PMID- 1118917 TI - [Cholestasis]. PMID- 1118918 TI - [Euthanasia. Remarks on the physician's legal responsibility in the death of patients]. PMID- 1118919 TI - [Operative intervention on patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 1118920 TI - [Relapsing polychondritis]. PMID- 1118921 TI - [Long-term prognosis of juvenile asthma]. PMID- 1118922 TI - [Osmotic laxatives and absorption of drugs from the intestine]. PMID- 1118923 TI - [The reproducibility of bone scintigraphy with 99mTechnetium polyphosphate]. PMID- 1118924 TI - [Simultaneous occurence of hiatus hernia and carcinoma of heart and esophagus]. PMID- 1118925 TI - [Medical treatment of congenital pyloric stenosis. A review of treatment in a central hospital]. PMID- 1118926 TI - [Letter: Human chorionic-somatomammotropin and estriol in the last trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 1118927 TI - [Editorial: General surgical intervention in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1118928 TI - [We are going to prove with corpse on the table]. PMID- 1118929 TI - [Strain-gauge measurement of the distal systolic blood pressure in occlusive arterial conditions]. PMID- 1118930 TI - [Idiopathic dysfunction of the venous pump in the leg--cruralgia orthostatica]. PMID- 1118931 TI - [Gastro-colic fistula]. PMID- 1118932 TI - [Incipient localised skin necroses ("pressure marks"). Their occurrence in a medico-legal postmortem material, particularly in cases of barbiturate poisoning]. PMID- 1118933 TI - [Ultrasonic equipment for gynecological and obstetric examinations]. PMID- 1118934 TI - [Lesions of the brachial plexus complicating percutaneous puncture of the axillary artery]. PMID- 1118935 TI - [Cerebral-hepato-renal syndrome. Zellweger's syndrome]. PMID- 1118936 TI - [Letter: Asthma exercises]. PMID- 1118937 TI - [Letter: Psychiatric classification of psychiatric patients]. PMID- 1118938 TI - [Letter: Thallium poisoning treated with berlin blue]. PMID- 1118939 TI - [Letter: Punch drunk syndrome]. PMID- 1118940 TI - [Letter: Risks with fluortreatment]. PMID- 1118941 TI - [Clozapinum (Leponex) an untraditional new tranquilizing agent]. PMID- 1118942 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 1118943 TI - [Do we use our economical resources correct? Figures for practitioners and their status in health services]. PMID- 1118944 TI - Diagnosis of neurologic disorders of micturition without evidence of the pathological process by measuring conduction velocity of sacral roots. AB - In cases of neurogenic bladder disturbances-especially if the pathological process cannot be clinically approved-useful information could be obtained by measuring conduction velocity between sacral roots and striated pelvic floor muscles. Measurements have been performed to determine normal conduction time. Technique and results are presented. PMID- 1118945 TI - Visco-elastic properties of the bladder wall. AB - Stepwise cystometry is a new method proposed to analyse the visco-elastic properties of the bladder. It is based on a mathematical analysis of the pressure decay after a stepwise filling. By assumption of a mechanical visco-elastic model of bladder tissue and a model of the geometry, the derived parameters are interpreted as elasticity and viscosity moduli. Static cystometry is involved in this new procedure. From analysis by stepwise cystometry it is concluded that static cystometry attained by following a slow-filling procedure is unacceptable in studying elastic behaviour. PMID- 1118946 TI - Proceedings: Fate of irrigating fluid during urethral pressure profile measurement. PMID- 1118947 TI - Bladder base insufficiency. AB - The normal female bladder base is defined. It is shown that the trigone does not always form part of a flat base. In 25% of all female patients referred for cystourethrography a specific defect of the anterior part of the base is seen caused by an insufficient upwards and backwards suspension of the bladder neck. 92% of these patients are stress incontinent. Urodynamically they have low protracted flows, but the most characteristic feature is a very low intravesical pressure and particularly a very low opening pressure. The low pressure is due to the fact that the internal orifice does not close correctly because of insufficient support. The protracted and low flows are due to an increased tone in the posterior urethra needed for continence when the bladder neck has lost its passive continence function. PMID- 1118948 TI - Tubular cystourethroneostomy after total prostatectomy. AB - After radical prostatectomy cystourethroneostomy is done as a tubular cystourethroplasty. In the last 13 months 14 patients have been operated on in this manner. In 12 patients continence was achieved; 2 patients had a temporary stress incontinence. The stress incontinence could be treated successfully by temporary electrostimulation of the pelvic floor by an anal plug stimulator. PMID- 1118949 TI - Lioresal in the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction. AB - Lioresal is a very effective compound in treatment of the neurogenic uninhibited bladder due to spinal cord lesions. It does not decrease, however, bladder spasms due to cerebral lesions. In detrusor-sphincter externus dyssynergia as frequently encountered in discreet spinal lesions Lioresal restores the normal reciprocal innervation of bladder and sphincter externus again. This effect is demonstrated electromyographically. Lioresal is of no effect on the normal bladder. Bladder capacity and micturition reflex before and after Lioresal therapy are unchanged. PMID- 1118950 TI - Urinary manometry in spinal cord injury patients. External urethral sphincter pressure recordings before and after sphincterotomy. AB - Recordings of local pressure within the membranous urethra were performed in 15 male spinal cord injury patients before and after external sphincterotomy. Transurethral division of the external sphincter reduced the intraurethral pressure by 55% in the upper part of the membranous urethra and by 66% in the lower part. The local pressure within the membranous urethra seems to diminish in proportion to the importance of the incision of the urethral wall. PMID- 1118951 TI - Twelve o'clock sphincterotomy: technique, indications, results. (Abbreviated report). AB - In contrast to other investigators, the authors regard a transurethral sphincterotomy at the 12 o'clock position alone as sufficient and preferable. The anatomy of the external sphincter and the blood supply in this area may explain the good results. PMID- 1118952 TI - Simultaneous cine-urographic and manoflowmetric evaluation of the neurogenic component in incontinence. AB - For diagnosis of incontinence the exact analysis of the dynamics of micturition is of great importance, primarily in order to evaluate the urethral flow resistance and detrusor activity. Extending already existing methods for the evaluation of urodynamics, we developed a complex method of cine/pressure/flow/cystourethrography. All data were recorded and simultaneously stored on videotape. Especially in cases of incontinence with a neurogenic component important information for a causative therapy was gained using this complex investigation. Thus in 20 patients with incontinence, studied for exclusion of a neurogenic component, we found two patients with a neurogenic bladder dysfunction that had been unknown prior to the examination. The neurogenic component in each case had remained unnoticed by usual routine diagnostic procedures. PMID- 1118953 TI - Electromyography of the perineal striated muscles during cystometry. AB - The electromyographic patterns of the external urethral sphincter, the anal sphincter, and the levator ani during cystometries have been analyzed. Synchronized activity changes occur during abdominal straining. Muscle fatigue is very pronounced. Activity may be less synchronized during bladder filling and micturition, even in normal cystometries. In neurogenic diseases, true dyssynergia between the striated muscles may be observed. PMID- 1118954 TI - [Kidney function during total blood substitution in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Urine production, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and Na+ transport of the kidney were studied in rats after complete substitution of the blood with a fluorocarbon emulsion. The urine production is found to be increased, the GFR lowered. The Na+ load as a function of the GFR is reduced while the relative Na+ reabsorption with values in the range of 98-99% of the load is normal. PMID- 1118955 TI - [Water and ionic variations in dog kidneys during hypothermic plasma perfusion(author's transl)]. AB - Dog kidneys have been perfused with homologous plasma at plus 6 degrees-C for 24 and 48 h and the water, K+ and Na+ variations in the cortex and medulla have been studied. After 24 h perfusion Na+-gain and K+-loss in the cortex are found while water content shows no changes. After 48 h perfusion additional increase of Na+ and gain of water are observed while the K+ content remains unchanged as compared with the cortex after 24 h perfusion time. In the medulla after 24 h perfusion K+ loss and water gain are registered while the Na+ content remains unchanged. In the following 24 h no additional changes of the K+, Na+ or water contents are observed. PMID- 1118956 TI - [Extracorporeal renal surgery using a new preservation method(author's transl)]. AB - Extracorporeal renal operations were performed in 12 dogs to determine the efficacy of a new renal preservation method. Serveral ex vivo surgical techniques are described, illustrated and the literature reviewed. A single perfusion of the totally ischemic kidney with a new hyperosmolar intracellular electrolyte solution provided sufficient protection from the otherwise lethal effect of 5 hours ambiothermic exposure. Pre- and postoperative serum creatinine levels were assessed to determine renal function. PMID- 1118957 TI - [Late effects of neurogenic bladder dysfunctions in paraplegics (authors's transl]. AB - The experience is based upon the care of paraplegic patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Centre Tobelbad, near Graz. Pathological changes in the urinary tract are reported as late effects in bladder dysfunctions of paraplegics. The study reviews the late complications of urethra and bladder and outlines the effects of chronic urinary infection, where particular attention is paid to the vesicoureteric reflux. Finally, the problem of urinary stones in paraplegic patients is discussed. PMID- 1118958 TI - [Late effects of neurogenic bladder dysfunctions in paraplegics]. AB - The experience is based upon the care of paraplegic patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Centre Tobelbad, near Graz. Pathological changes in the urinary tract are reported as late effects in bladder dysfunctions of paraplegics. The study reviews the late complications of urethra and bladder and outlines the effects of chronic urinary infection, where particular attention is paid to the vesicoureteric reflux. Finally, the problem of urinary stones in paraplegic patients is discussed. PMID- 1118959 TI - Double-layer needle cannula for percutaneous artery or vein catheterization in patients requiring hemodialysis. AB - In this paper the structure and use of the double cannula needle, designed to simplify percutaneous catheterization in hemodialysis, is introduced. The cannula needle is used mainly in cases with acute renal failure, and sometimes in cases of chronic renal insufficiency requiring weekly maintenance of hemodialysis. PMID- 1118960 TI - Treatment of organic impotence by implantation of silicone penile prosthesis. AB - To help bolster penile tension mechanically, we have tried implantation of silicone penile prostheses varying in type. Our simple and apparently successful procedures for organic impotence with the implantation of intrapenile silicone prostheses may well deserve recommendation in view of spinal impairment therapeutically categorized irreparable. PMID- 1118961 TI - Peripheral nerves controlling the closure of internal urethral orifice during ejaculation. AB - The peripheral nervous pathways controlling seminal emission and closure of the internal urethral orifice during ejaculation were examined experimentally using male adolescent dogs. The experimental methods were measurement of the contraction of the internal urethral orifice and measurement of the change of the posterior urethral pressure induced by selective stimulation of the nerves related to the hypogastric nerve. Further, the change of actual ejaculation caused by manual stimulation of the penis was observed after excision of the nerves. Results included the following: (1) The seminal emission and the closure of the internal urethral orifice on ejaculation were controlled by the hypogastric nerve. (2) The nerve fibers which controlled these two phenomena took different paths above the lower mesenteric plexus. (3) Seminal emission was controlled by the splanchnic nerves which originated from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, and the closure of the internal urethral orifice by those which originated from the lower lumbar ganglia of the trunk. PMID- 1118962 TI - An observation on the composition and recurrence of urinary calculi. AB - Seven hundred patients with 735 urinary calculi were studied for the compositions of calculi by infrared analysis and for stone recurrence. Of these 700 cases, 422 cases were possible to follow up, and 250 cases have had no further stone; 138 cases experience recurring stones, and 34 cases had multiple stones. The length of follow-up period was 1-19 years averaging 8 years, 8 months. 41.2% of patients with calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate calculi had stones recurrently, and although there was some variation of recurrence rates for patients with various proportions of oxalate to phosphate in the calculi, it was impossible to predict the tendency of recurrence by these proportions. The stone recurrence was noted in 38.6% of patients with magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi, in 38.9% with mixed magnesium ammonium phosphate-calcium oxalate calculi, in 55.6% with uric acid calculi, and in 50% with cystine calculi. PMID- 1118963 TI - Hemangioma of the Tunica albuginea testis. PMID- 1118964 TI - [Indications for surgical treatment of patients with vasorenal hypertension caused by bilateral lesions of the renal arteries]. PMID- 1118965 TI - [Analysis of cellular composition of the urinary sediment in kidney diseases]. PMID- 1118966 TI - [Effect of novocaine block of the splanchnic nerves on kidney function in certain urological diseases]. PMID- 1118967 TI - [Effect of intraportal infusion therapy on kidney function in acute experimental carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. PMID- 1118968 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of children with primary vesico-renal reflux by the Gregoir-Lich method]. PMID- 1118969 TI - [Optimal composition of the dialyzing solution in chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 1118970 TI - [Cystic formations in the kidneys and their classification]. PMID- 1118971 TI - [Effect of tap water on the level of plasma magnesium in patients with terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency treated by hemodialysis]. PMID- 1118972 TI - [Combined action of aminoderivatives of diphenyl, substances inducing neoplasms of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 1118973 TI - [Indications for certain methods of urinary diversion after cystectomy of exclusion of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 1118974 TI - [Multilocular cyst of the kidney associated with arterial hypertension in a 2 year-old child]. PMID- 1118975 TI - [Sapheno-cavernous anastomosis as a method of treatment of priapism]. PMID- 1118977 TI - [Roentgenotelescopy and urocinematography in the diagnosis of hydroureteronephrosis]. PMID- 1118976 TI - [Role of anomalies of the kidney structure in the genesis of certain urologic diseases]. PMID- 1118978 TI - [Remote results of ureterocalycoanastomosis]. PMID- 1118979 TI - [Allergic disorder of neutrophils as a test for differential diagnosis of pyelonephritis and renald renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 1118980 TI - [Diagnostic value of separate study of kidney urine in combination with provocative tests in specific and nonspecific pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1118981 TI - [Evaluation of renal blood flow by the method of rheonephrography in patients with renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 1118982 TI - [Surgical treatment of urinary incontinence in total epispadias]. PMID- 1118983 TI - [Testicular tumors in children]. PMID- 1118984 TI - [Use of cards with double marginal perforation for the study of urological morbidity of the rural population]. PMID- 1118985 TI - [Arteriovenous fistulas for chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 1118986 TI - [Congenital valve of the ureter in case of solitary kidney in a 7-month-old baby]. PMID- 1118987 TI - [Combined transabdominal-vaginal approach in surgical treatment of severe forms of urogenital fistulas in women]. PMID- 1118988 TI - [Use of dibunol in bladder neoplasms]. PMID- 1118989 TI - Acetohydroxamic acid. Potential use in urinary infection caused by urea-splitting bacteria. AB - Several lines of evidence suggest that bacterial urease is the primary cause of infection-induced urinary stones. The hydroxamate group of compounds are specific urease inhibitors. Of the cogeners studied, to dat, AHA (acetohydroxamic acid) appears to have the most pharmacologic potential. AHA is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is concentrated and excreted in the urine. In animals it appears to be relatively nontoxic. Although its toxicity in human beings has not been studied, its similarity to hydroxyurea suggests that reversible toxicity involving the gastrointestinal tract and the hematopoietic systems may result when high doses are administered. The only known metabolite of AHA is acetamide which is nontoxic and rapidly excreted in the urine. Pharmacologic use of AHA is expected to be practical and relatively safe. Use of AHA in patients with urinary infections caused by urea-splitting bacteria may reduce pathogenicity of the infecting organism and may lead to prevention and/or dissolution of stones commonly associated with such infections. PMID- 1118990 TI - Excretory urography in acute and chronic renal failure. Current concepts and technique. PMID- 1118991 TI - Cryosurgery for carcioma of prostate. PMID- 1118992 TI - Cryosensitivity. Factors influencing development of immunologic response following cyrosurgery of prostate. PMID- 1118993 TI - Urologic complications of renal papillary necrosis. AB - Fifty-six patients demonstrating roentgenographic evidence of renal papillary necrosis were reviewed. Seven patients had an acute fulminating form of the disease. Urologic complication incident to sloughed renal papillae required urgent surgical intervention. Management ranging from ureteral catheterization to nephrectomy in 3 of 7 patients is discussed, and associated disease states are scrutinized. PMID- 1118994 TI - Use of sequential Hg chlormerodrin delayed scans to evaluate individual renal function. Experimental renal artery stenosis and ureteral obstruction. PMID- 1118995 TI - Postoperative nephropathy. PMID- 1118996 TI - Perineal corporeal compression: technique to evaluate chordee. PMID- 1118997 TI - Sympathetic activity of internal urethral spincter. In empty and partially filled bladder. AB - The sympathetic activity was investigated by recording the fall of internal sphincter pressure produced by a dose of phentolamine (Regitine) which completely abolished all alpha adrenergic sympathetic activity. It was found that when the bladder was empty, the mean fall of internal sphincter pressure was 7.1 cm, water; but when the bladder was partially filled, the mean fall was 17.6 cm. water. After use of reserpine, which creates a "pharmacologic sympathectomy," no sympathetic activity was demonstrated. PMID- 1118998 TI - Bladder outlet obstruction. Functional evaluation by radioisotope method. PMID- 1118999 TI - Mechanism of hypertension produced by ureteral obstruction. PMID- 1119000 TI - Condyloma acuminata in a three-year-old boy. PMID- 1119001 TI - Cystitis glandularis with perivesical lipomatosis. Frequent association of two unusual proliferative conditions. PMID- 1119002 TI - Thompson's vesical forceps for removing growths in bladder. PMID- 1119003 TI - Spontaneous expulsion of intravesical bullet. AB - The first reported case of spontaneous expulsion per urethra of an intravesical bullet which initially entered through the left flank is presented. Recognition of the truc location of the millile might have been facilitated had lateral and/or oblique films have been obtained under emergency conditions as advocated by the authors. PMID- 1119004 TI - Neonatal urinary ascites. PMID- 1119005 TI - Paramedian extraperitoneal incision for total nephroureterectomy. PMID- 1119006 TI - Diagnostic criteria for histopathologic evaluation of prostatic tissue sections. PMID- 1119007 TI - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with seminoma. PMID- 1119008 TI - Pseudocyst of pancreas simulating a renal neoplasm. PMID- 1119009 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst simulating perinephric abscess. PMID- 1119010 TI - Cystometry. I. Introduction. PMID- 1119011 TI - Letter: "Immunostaging" patients with malignant disease. PMID- 1119012 TI - [Osteomyelitis of the femur and tibia after application of hydrocortisone]. PMID- 1119013 TI - [Technic of endarterectomy of femoral arteries]. PMID- 1119014 TI - [Modified portable vibroaspirator for continuous aspiration]. PMID- 1119015 TI - [Lobus azygos and hypoplasia of the upper lobe of the right lung]. PMID- 1119016 TI - [Congenital defect of the pericardium]. PMID- 1119017 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 1119018 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 1119019 TI - [Resection of the esophagointestinal anastomosis in cancer recurrence]. PMID- 1119020 TI - [Inflammation of Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 1119021 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the rectum with prolapse of the small intestine]. PMID- 1119022 TI - [Changes in nerve fibers of the synovial membrane in deforming arthrosis]. PMID- 1119023 TI - [Effect of contrast media on blood coagulation system]. PMID- 1119024 TI - [Work capacity of patients with dumping syndrome after stomach surgery]. AB - Of 528 patients subjected to radical operations on the stomach for cancer, polyposis and ulcerous disease the dumping-syndrome was revealed in 74 patients. Following resection of the distal gastric portion the latter was observed in 49 cases, after resection of the cardia--in 18, and after gastrectomy--in 7. In most patients with the dumping-syndrome an impairment of basic hepatic functions and motor-evacuative function of the gastric stump was observed. The study of the work capacity in patients with the dumping-syndrome has deomonstrated its reduction in most patients (in 74% of cases). 55 of 74 investigated patients proved to be invalids of the second and third group. The capacity for work was mostly impaired in patients showing the dumping-syndrome of average and severe gravity. PMID- 1119025 TI - [Disorders of the pancreas, liver and bile ducts in patients with ulcer disease]. AB - Data on the state of the pancreato-biliary system in 563 patients with ulcerous disease are analysed. The incidence of clinically pronounced lesions of the pancreatobiliary system in ulcerous disease was 26.7%. Some years following the Billroth-II gastrectomy diseases of the pancreato-biliary system were diagnosed in 35% of patients under investigation. PMID- 1119026 TI - [Indications for nephrectomy in vasorenal hypertension]. PMID- 1119027 TI - [In defense of cholecystostomy]. AB - In the paper, a question concerning indications to fistulization of the gallbladder for acute cholecystitis is discussed. A total of 165 cholecystostomies have been performed. In 121 patients (77.4%) late results were followed up from 2 to 15 years. Good and satisfactory results were noted in 83.4% of patients. The postoperative mortality after cholecystostomy was 6.2%. PMID- 1119028 TI - [Diagnosis of hemobilia]. PMID- 1119029 TI - [Diagnostic importance of surgical diskography]. AB - The author's experience with roentgenocontrast studies of intervertebral discs in 15 patients with osteochondrosis during an operative procedure is reported. The technic of operative discography and some possible complications are described. An importance of intraoperative discography, that is indicated in emotionally labile patients and in cases of failure of preoperative contrasting of discs, is discussed. A contrast roentgenological investigation allowed not only to reveal structural changes in a disc, but also to determine an extent and character of operative interventions. PMID- 1119030 TI - [Treatment of pseudarthrosis of the tibia by the method of traction]. AB - The report is based on the experience with treatment, using the method of dosaged distraction of 39 pseudarthroses and unhealing fractures of the tibia in 38 patients. Twenty three patients showed osteomyelitis, 32-shortening of crural bones and 27-their deformation. With the aim of distraction the G. A. Ilizarov apparatus was employed. Up to data, the treatment is termined in all 38 patients. Healing was gained after 36 operations in 35 patients. No union was obtained after 3 operations of distraction the osteosynthesis in avascular forms of pseudarthrosis. Some regularities in formation of the regenerate and its reoconstruction during the process of lasting fixation were studied in 25 patients. PMID- 1119031 TI - [Simultaneous surgical correction of deformities caused by tuberculous coxitis]. AB - A one-moment correction of associated defects of the lower extremities was performed in 45 patients. An analysis of treatment of such patients enabled us to elaborate indications to operative interventions concerned and surgical technic. The treatment was terminated in 38 patients. In 33 of them weight-bearing of the extremity was restored by means of ankylosis of the coxa with simultaneous lengthening of the extremity and correction of concomitant deformities. In 3 patients no ankylosis in the joint developed, in two-pseudarthrosis at the site of osteotomized femoral bone was formed. PMID- 1119032 TI - [Surgical treatment of post-thrombophlebitic disease]. AB - A compression-functional test is recommended to determine indications to the Ascar-Zelenin operation and in selecting the optimum compression of crural muscles. The suggested complex of operative procedures involves: radical operation in the oval fossa region, partial of total removal of the great saphenous vein trunk, and, if indicated, also small saphenous vein, the Kocher and Crokett operation, duplication of the crural aponeurosis in the authors' modification with production of an additional dosaged pressure in the crural aponeurotic sheath. Late results followed up to 2 years were good and satisfactory in 94.4%, and poor--in 5.6% of the operated objects. PMID- 1119033 TI - [Preoperative sanation of the bronchi]. AB - Among 255 patients with suppurative pulmonary diseases, aerosol therapy was performed preoperatively in 80 patients, complex sanation of bronchi--in 140, including 30--in association with visual sounding of segmental bronchi and intrapulmonary suppurative foci. As a result of complex sanation of bronchi, as compared with patients in whom no sanation was performed, or it was limited only by aerosol therapy, there was noted a reliable decrease in the number of postoperative pleural empyemas and bronchial fistulas, as well as an increase in the number of patients discharged with a recovery from 74.3% and 78.7% to 90%. PMID- 1119034 TI - [Results of treatment of postoperative bronchopleural complications in lung cancer]. AB - An analysis of the results of treatment in 138 patients with bronchopleural complications after 1400 operations on the lung for cancer is given. Conservative methods of therapy (punctures and drainage of the pleural cavity, instillation and of the fisula with 30% silver nitrite and intratracheal injections of antibiotics) were utilized in 105 patients with bronchial fistulas and pleural empyemas. Thirty there patients were treated surgically (tamponade, thoracoplasty, rethoracotomy with suturing of the bronchial fistula, transsternal suturing of the bronchial fistulas). The rate of mortality from bronchopleural complications was 4.8%, i.e. one third of all causes of death. However, recently it reduced more than twice in comparison with the initial period. The direct causes of lethal issues are complications on the part of other organs: pneumonia of the remained lung (24), septicopyemia (12), hemorrhage (10), and others (19). PMID- 1119035 TI - [Present-time problems of the treatment of burns]. AB - The author's experience with a large number of burnt patients enabled them to conclude that treatment of extensive deep burns is of most extreme difficulty. Many specialists should participate in treatment and rehabilitation of burnt patients. It is necessary to organize special centers of rehabilitation and dispensary control over such patients, and a further program in this respect is greatly warranted. PMID- 1119036 TI - [Closed intramedullar osteosynthesis of diaphyseal fractures of the crural bones]. AB - An experience with 137 operations of closed intramedullary osteosynthesis of tibial bones with Kuncher pins is analysed. Indications to surgery, technic of osteosynthesis and complications are described. Average terms of patients' incapacity were 130.7 plus or minus 14.4 days. Late results were studied in 118 patients. Good and satisfactory issues were gained in 117 patients, poor--in 1. It is the authors' opinion that closed osteosynthesis of crural diaphyseal fractures with Kuncher pins would provide solid fixation permitting to carry out functional therapy during the period of fracture consolidation. PMID- 1119037 TI - [Knife injury of the common carotid artery]. PMID- 1119038 TI - [Injury of the thoracic duct caused by compression of the chest]. PMID- 1119039 TI - [Preliminary preparation of the large-intestine transplant for esophagoplasty]. PMID- 1119040 TI - [Diagnosis of postoperative myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1119041 TI - [Experimental study of coronary-splenic arterial anastomosis with the aim of myocardial revascularization]. AB - In search of new sources for cardiac revascularization of the myocardium in ischemic heart disease the authors elaborated experimentally on dogs an operation of construction of retrograde arterial splenocoronary anastomosis. The results of the operation were estimated by means of EEG findings, vital and postmortem coronarography and histological studies of the myocardium and zone of the anastomosis. An analysis of the experimental data obtained has revealed a patency of the vascular anastomosis in most animals; electrocardiographic signs of acute myocardial infarction, developed in high ligation of the anterior intraventricular branch of the left coronary artery, would undergo a prompt reverse dynamics after constructing a splenocoronary anastomosis. Further studies of the mentioned method of revascularization of the myocardium seems to be rather perspective. PMID- 1119042 TI - [Disorders caused by early repeated operations and their correction]. PMID- 1119043 TI - Antimicrobial therapy in the dog and cat. PMID- 1119044 TI - Anti-infectives in ophthalmology. PMID- 1119045 TI - Pleural mesothelioma in a dog. PMID- 1119046 TI - Effect of weather on the quality of wool in Great Britain. PMID- 1119047 TI - Dermal application of levamisole to sheep and cattle. PMID- 1119048 TI - Letter: Bovine phosphorus deficiency. PMID- 1119049 TI - Letter: Fluke in cattle. PMID- 1119050 TI - Letter: Correction for haemolysis in the zinc sulphate turbidity test. PMID- 1119051 TI - Letter: Mercury poisoning. PMID- 1119052 TI - Letter: Sheep dipping in NZ. PMID- 1119054 TI - Letter: Assessing immune status in calves. PMID- 1119053 TI - Letter: Unexpected reaction to nalidixic acid. PMID- 1119055 TI - An assessment of a method of manual pregnancy diagnosis in the ewe. AB - The recto-abdominal palpation method of ovine pregnancy diagnosis described by Hulet (1972) was carried out on 167 ewes in three flocks. The results showed a virtual 100 per cent accuracy of diagnosis between pregnancy and non-pregnancy and approximately 70 per cent overall accuracy in differentiating single from multiple pregnancies. At least 34 ewes aborted and five died. It was concluded that the method as carried out was neither safe nor accurate enough to justify any savings consequent upon more efficient food usage. PMID- 1119056 TI - Naturally-occurring Tyzzer's disease (Bacillus piliformis infection) in horse foals. AB - Spontaneous Tyzzer's disease is described in quarter horse foals which died suddenly with no clinical history of apparent illness. Significant gross findings included icterus, focal paletan areas in the liver and catarrhal entercolitis. Focal dark red lesions were present in the small intestine of one foal, and the mesenteric lymph nodes of another were enlarged and hyperemic. Histopathologically, the liver showed multiple discrete and confluent foci of necrosis, fatty change, sinusoid congestion and haemorrhage. Bundles of intracytoplasmic bacilli were demonstrated in hepatocytes at the margin of liver lesions using special stains. Infiltration of the portal triads with inflammatory cells and biliary duct hyperplasia and degeneration were also observed. Lesions in the intestine were characterised by mucosal necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration, increased mucus production, submucosal lymphoid hyperplasia and, in one foal, submucosal haemorrhage. Necrosis of lymph follicles, congestion and haemorrhage were also present in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. PMID- 1119057 TI - Observations on the skin of striped piglets from Border disease injected sows. PMID- 1119058 TI - Immunising chicks against Newcastle disease by concurrent inactivated oil emulsion and live B1 vaccines. PMID- 1119059 TI - Atypical hypomagnesaemia in a calf. PMID- 1119060 TI - Letter: Transport of animals. PMID- 1119061 TI - Editorial: No more air-borne elephants on their heads. PMID- 1119062 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of sex in cattle by amniocentesis. AB - A method for the aspiration of amniotic fluid from pregnant cows at 70 to 1000 day gestation and the subsequent cultivation of amniotic cells in vitro is described. The unit for aspirating amniotic fluid includes a sterile Plexitron tubing fitted with a 60 ml syringe on one end and a 12 in needle ("18 gauge) partially encased in a 6 inch AI pipette on the other. Aspiration of fluid is accomplished through the vaginal route by piercing the dorsal fornix and chromosome analysis is performed on amniotic cells after cultivation in vitro for four to seven days. This method, which is simple and accurate, provides a safe diagnostic procedure for the prenatal detection of sex and cytogenetic defects in cattle. PMID- 1119063 TI - Vaccination against Vibrio (Campylobacter) fetus infection in sheep in late pregnancy. AB - A single injection of vaccine containing disrupted formol-killed Vibrio (campylobacter) fetus var intestinalis serotype V was shown to give good protection against abortion from an oral challenge of the same serotype administered simultaneously. Protection was also afforded by vaccination at the time of the first abortion in sheep infected orally one month previously. These results suggest that vaccination subsequent to an abortion might be of value in preventing a proportion of further abortions. PMID- 1119064 TI - Effectiveness of thiabendazole against inhibited larvae of sheep Ostertagia spp. PMID- 1119065 TI - Eradication of M meleagridis from a primary turkey breeding enterprise. PMID- 1119066 TI - Onset of oestrus after prostaglandin F-2alpha in cattle. PMID- 1119067 TI - Letter: Assistants' problem. PMID- 1119068 TI - Letter: Veterinary teaching in agriculture. PMID- 1119069 TI - Letter: Looking after overseas interests. PMID- 1119070 TI - Letter: Coloboma in Charolais. PMID- 1119071 TI - Letter: Unexpected reaction to nalidixic acid. PMID- 1119072 TI - Letter: Breeding for temperament. PMID- 1119073 TI - Editorial: Surgical treatment of hip dysplasia. PMID- 1119074 TI - Pectineus muscle resection as a treatment for hip dysplasia in dogs. AB - Pectineus muscle resection was performed on 100 dogs with hip dysplasia. The degree of dysplasia was estimated by radiography and by joint manipulation. The effects of the procedure on 81 dogs were determined by personal reinspection (34), or by means of owner-reports (47). Improvement was noted in 80 per cent but only 35 per cent reached a high level of recovery. The operation has a role in the treatment of hip dysplasia but it does not cure the condition and it will be several years before the long-term results are known. PMID- 1119076 TI - Characteristics of reovirus isolated from ruptured gastrocnemius tendons of chickens. PMID- 1119075 TI - An outbreak of arsenic and toxaphene poisoning in Kenyan cattle. AB - In a case of poisoning involving 70 cattle analysis of specimens obtained during post mortem examination showed that the toxic substances were arsenic and toxaphene. This was consistent with both the clinical and post mortem findings. Arsenic was detected in water from an abandoned cattle dip in the farm. Soil samples collected in the vicinity of the dip contained both arsenic and toxaphene. PMID- 1119077 TI - Use of plasma progesterone levels in an assessment of embryonic loss in dairy cattle. PMID- 1119079 TI - Letter: Royal college budget and fees. PMID- 1119078 TI - Isolation of a bovine parvovirus in the United Kingdom. PMID- 1119080 TI - Letter: Brucellosis: NFU and the MAFF. PMID- 1119081 TI - Letter: New forest disease. PMID- 1119082 TI - Editorial: News and reports. PMID- 1119083 TI - Salmonellosis: a bane not yet beaten. PMID- 1119084 TI - A case of polytetrafluoroethylene poisoning in cockatiels accompanied by polymer fume fever in the owner. AB - Five cocatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) died within 30 minutes following exposure to fumes from a frying pan coated with the "non-stick" plastic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that had accidentally overheated. Within an hour the owner developed symptoms of "polymer fume fever" but recovered in the next 24 hours. Clinical signs and post mortem lesions of the cockatiels are described and reference is made to the unusual susceptibility of parakeets to the pyrolysis products of frying pans coated with PTFE. PMID- 1119085 TI - A modified refractometer method as a practical aid to the epidemiological investigation of disease in the neonatal ruminant. AB - A refractometer method for use on the farm, by the practising veterinary surgeon, to allow estimation of immunoglobulin levels of neonatal calf and lamb plasma is described. The results show that a good correlation exists between values obtained by this method and those obtained by the standard zinc sulphate turbidity method. PMID- 1119086 TI - Angiostrongylus vasorum and other nematodes in British greyhounds. PMID- 1119087 TI - Letter: A plea for the badger. PMID- 1119088 TI - Letter: Practising in Canada. PMID- 1119090 TI - Letter: Toxicity of preserved timber. PMID- 1119089 TI - Letter: Breeding for temperament. PMID- 1119091 TI - Letter: Unexpected reaction to nalidixic acid. PMID- 1119092 TI - Editorial: Meat hygiene: need for a national service. PMID- 1119093 TI - Lymphoma in the Beagle dog. PMID- 1119094 TI - Effect of fenfluramine on overweight spayed bitches. PMID- 1119095 TI - Isolation of an apparently new species of Mycoplasma from cattle. PMID- 1119096 TI - Correspondence: Uterine prolapse in the mare. PMID- 1119097 TI - Letter: Capital transfer tax. PMID- 1119098 TI - Letter: Right-sided "splash". PMID- 1119099 TI - [Clinico-morphological relations of chronic glomerulonephritis with reference to long-term course and prognosis]. PMID- 1119100 TI - [Effect of fludrocortisone on the excretion of electrolytes by the kidney]. PMID- 1119101 TI - [Chronic arthritis and the heart]. PMID- 1119102 TI - [Joint lesions in hemophilia: clinical-x-ray study]. PMID- 1119103 TI - [Influence of thyroid gland function on various parameters of glucose tolerance in triamcinolone glucose tolerance test. I. Changes of blood sugar, insulin and free fatty acids in the blood]. PMID- 1119104 TI - [Involvement of the thyroid gland in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1119105 TI - [Course of immunoreactive insulin, glycemia and fatty acid levels after stimulation with glucose and aminophylline]. PMID- 1119106 TI - [Myeloma with IgD paraproteinemia]. PMID- 1119107 TI - [Factor IX inhibitor (antihemophilic factor B, PTC) in a woman]. PMID- 1119108 TI - [Current problems in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1119109 TI - [Use of x-ray spectral microanalysis for studying mineralized tissues]. AB - In microanalysis of mineralized tissues an x-ray spectral method possessed an absolute limit of sensitivity about 5-10 minus 15 g. A relative limit of the method sensitivity constituted hundredth parts of a per cent and locality of the analysis--several cubic microns. The x-ray spectral microanalysis permitted to carry out qualitative and quantitative estimations of content of elements in different structures of biological tissues. The data were obtained on content of calcium and phosphorus in compact part of human tubular bone. PMID- 1119110 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the myocardium and liver of rabbits with thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Isoenzyme spectra of lactate and malate dehydrogenases were studied by means of polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis in heart muscle and liver tissue of rabbits with thyreoidin toxicosis. Under conditions of thyreotoxicosis in liver tissue content of isoenzymes LDH4 and LDH5, which slowly moved to anode, was decreased; in heart muscle content of LDH2-LDH5 was also decreased. In liver tissue the relative predominance of LDH1-LDH2 was observed, in heart muscle of LDH1. Activity and isoenzyme pattern of MDH were shown to be unaltered in homogenates of the tissues in thyreotoxicosis. An aerobisation of the LDH isoenzyme spectrum together with normal content of MDH suggested that intensive aerobic oxidation of substrates of glycolytic pathway occurred in heart muscle and liver tissue of rabbits with thyreoidin toxicosis. PMID- 1119111 TI - [Purification and some properties of the thymidine kinase from the rat thymus]. AB - Preparation of thymidine kinase, purified 500-fold, was isolated from rat thymus by means of fractionation with ammonium sulphate, gel filtration on Sephadex G 200, treatment with calcium phosphate gel and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme was shown to be stabilized by 0.12 mM of thymidine, activated by Mg2 (optimum concentration 12 mM) and inhibited by Mn2+ATP served as donor of phosphate groups in reactions, catalyzed by thymidine kinase. In respect to the phosphate acceptor the enzyme showed sharp specificity: it used as a substrate only thymidine, deoxyuridine and its derivatives, substituted at the 5-th position by haloid group. In study of affinity of the enzyme for the substrate Km equals 2.5-10 minus 5 M (Vmax equals 0.09) was determined. PMID- 1119112 TI - [Oxidation of succinic acid in the liver mitochondria in chronic enterocolitis and after resection of the small intestine]. AB - In liver tissue of dogs with experimental chronic enterocolitis rate of phosphorylation and P/O coefficient were decreased, when succinic acid was used as a substrate of oxidation. Within 10-40 days after resection of 1/2 part of small intestine in rats oxidation of succinate was increased with simultaneous decrease in P/O coefficient in liver tissue. In mitochondria of liver tissue on 20th and 30th day after the operation the succinate dehydrogenase activity was increased. In remote period after resection of small intestine (90 days) rates of succinate oxidation and P/3 coefficient approached the normal values, found in liver tissue. PMID- 1119113 TI - [Formation of a secondary adrenaline-heparin-fibrinogen complex and its properties]. AB - An effect of increase in fibrinolytic activity of adrenaline-heparin (ADH) complex was studied under its incubation in a mixture with pure fibrinogen on unstablized plates of fibrin in presence of xi-aminocapronic acid, By means of spectrophotometry in UV-light an increase in lytic activity of the incubated mixture of adrenaline-heparin complex with fibrinogen was shown to be due to formation of a secondary complex, which included adrenaline, heparin and fibrinogen. After intravenous administration of a mixture of ADH complex with fibrinogen, containing products of interaction of adrenaline, heparin and fibrinogen, not only an increase in non-enzymic fibrinolytic activity of plasma occurred, but also an increase in duration of an effect of adrenaline--heparin- fibrinogen complex was observed in vivo as compared with the equivalent dose of the ADH complex PMID- 1119114 TI - [Citrate content in the myocardium and liver of rabbits in starvation and thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Under starvation in rabbit blood plasma an increase in content of free fatty acids was accompanied by accumulation of citrate in myocardium and by maintenance of glycogen content in the organ. Contents of glycogen and citrate were decreased in liver tissue. In blood plasma under thyreotoxicosis an increase in concentration of free fatty acids was followed by decrease in contents of glycogen and citrate both in myocardium and in liver tissue. Under thyreotoxicosis the absence of the glycogenolysis block was associated with non accumulation of citrate in myocardium. Difference in metabolic patterns of fatty acids in heart and liver tissues under starvation and thyreotoxycosis are discussed. PMID- 1119115 TI - [Synthesis and study of the properties of water-insoluble products of the interaction of urease and cellulose derivatives]. AB - As a result of reaction of urease with graft copolymer of cellulose and polyglycidyle methacrylate or with carboxymethyl cellulose, products were synthesized, containing about 2% of chemically bound urease. Binding with the cellulose derivatives was accompanied by about two-fold decrease in urease activity. Carboxymethyl cellulose-urease and polyglycidile methacrylate-cellulose urease might be repeatedly (for 30 cycles) used for hydrolysis of urea; the enzymatic activity of the first compound did not change, but of the second one- was decreased by 30%. Activity of the compounds was not changed after storage within 2 months in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 at 4 degrees C. PMID- 1119116 TI - [Insulin activity of the blood, the action on it of various loads and the effect of blood serum on the effect of insulin relative to fatty tissue in chronic pancreatitis]. AB - In patients with chronic pancreatitis a decrease in insulin activity of blood was observed. The activity was tested using preparations of diaphragm and epididymal fat of rats. Reaction of the insulin activity of blood, after loading with glucose, secretine and pancreosimine, was also decreased. The phenomenon was probably important for development of decreased tolerance to carbohydrates, which was observed in patients with chronic pancreatitis. In blood serum of the patients no effect of inhibition of the insulin activity could be observed by means of influence of insulin on lipolysis in epididymal rat adipose tissue. The data obtained suggest that in chronic pancreatitis the leading role in development of carbohydrate metabolism impairements belonged to the quantitative insufficiency of insulin, but not to the qualitative alterations in blood serum, where the ability to inhibite the insulin activity appeared. PMID- 1119117 TI - [Activity of the kallikrein-kinin system in experimental myocardial infarct in dogs and the effect of catecholamines]. AB - In experimental myocardial infarction in dogs even within first minutes after occlusion of coronary artery content of bradikinine was distinctly decreassed in blood plasma, content of kallikrein was increased and the activity of kininase was decreased in blood. These phenomena reflected the activation of kallikrein kinin system. An increase in content of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase was observed only within 6 hrs after ligation of the coronary artery. Content of adrenaline and noradrenaline was increased in the zone of myocardial infarction within 2 days after the onset of the disease; content of the catecholamines was significantly increased (3-17-fold) in adrenal glands. In acute period of myocardial infarction intravenous administration of adrenaline into animals caused a promt, distinct kininogenolytic effect and increased the content of kallikrein in blood. These findings demonstrate a significant effect of adrenaline on kallikrein-kinin system. PMID- 1119118 TI - [Effect of sodium ribonucleate on amino acid acceptance by transport RNA in the rabbit liver and muscles]. AB - Both single or repeated (during 14 days) administration of sodium ribonucleate (10 mg/kg) into rabbits, caused an increased formation of lysine-RNA, leucine-t RNA and alanine-t-RNA; At the same time, the acceptive capacity of t-RNA and aminoacylating activity of amino acyl-t-RNA-synthetases were increased. In sceletal muscles these processes were unaltered after single administration of sodium ribonucleate, but were stimulated after the repeated injections. PMID- 1119119 TI - [ Change in the protein spectrum of the erythrocytic membranes in certain anemias]. AB - Proteins of human erythrocyte membranes were studied in normal state and in different anaemias. After solubilization of cell "shadows" in phenol-urea-acetic acid-water system in membranes there were found, by means of polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis, 20 protein fractions with molecular weight from 48000 to 225000; seven of them glycoproteins. In 9 cases out of 36 a complete or partial disappearance of a glycoprotein component with molecular weight of 170000 was observed in erythrocyte membranes from patients with inherited spherocytosis and Markiafava--Mikely disease. PMID- 1119120 TI - [ Serotonin and monoamine oxidase activity in the dynamics of experimental neuroallergy]. AB - A phasic type of alterations was observed in concentration of serotonin and in the monoamine oxidase activity (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4) in blood, spinal fluid and other tissues of dog in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In the preparalytic period a decrease in content of the amine was observed in the brain part studied and in blood; in spinal fluid content of the amine was increased. During the period of clinical manifestations of encephalomylitis reduction in content of serotonin was found in hypothalamus and brain cortex; in white substance, spinal fluid and blood content of the amine was decreased. Content of serotonin was decreased in blood and other tissues of animals without clinical manifestations of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In dynamics of the process the MAO activity was increased only in cortex of big hemispheres; distinct alterations were not shown in hypothalamus and white substance. The MAO activity was increased only in white substance of animals without clinical manifestations of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. A possible mechanism and function of alterations in content of monoamines in brain under experimental allergic encephalomyelitis are discussed. PMID- 1119121 TI - [Radiotherapeutic effect of naphthidon-3H in combined action on Harding-Passey melanoma]. PMID- 1119122 TI - [Electron microscope study of the innervation of the large arteries of the base of the brain subsequent to subarachnoid hemorrhage, following aneurysmal rupture (a pathomorphologic and experimental study)]. AB - The ultrastructure of the intraadventitial and paravasal nerve trunks of the superficial adventitial plexus in major vessels of the basis cerebri in man and in dogs under normal conditions and with a subarachnoidal hemorrhagic effusion was studied at the submucroscopic level. Unlike the ultrastructure of the intra adventitial nerve trunks the paravasal ones, lying in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have an endothelial sheath that substitutes the epineurium and also has a perineurium endowed with an abundantly developed system of basal membranes containing aplanated cells and bands of collagen fibrils. With a subarachnoidal hemorrhagic effusion was in evidence the disruption of the "CSF-neural barrier". The endothelial cells break" away and fall into the CSF, the basal membrane undergoes lysis, which, apparently, contributes to the penetration of various components of the subarachuoidally effused blood deep into the nerve trunks. This results in changes occurring in the ultrastructure of axones of the pulpous and, to a lesser extent,pulpousless nerve fibers. PMID- 1119123 TI - [Vascular reactions in patients with hypothalamic lesions]. PMID- 1119124 TI - [The blood clotting system following surgical treatment of a hemorrhagic stroke]. PMID- 1119125 TI - [Temporary occlusion of afferent arteries in the treatment of arterial aneurysms]. PMID- 1119126 TI - [Complex medical and surgical treatment of hepatolenticular degeneration]. PMID- 1119127 TI - [The diagnostic value of stimulation electromyography in brain tumors]. PMID- 1119128 TI - [Use of ultrasound encephalography in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the brain]. PMID- 1119129 TI - [The strength and elasticity of the dura mater]. AB - The strength and extensibility of human dura mater cold-preserved at--30 degrees- 50 degrees and stored for up to 2 years were investigated. A total of 38 preserved and 5 fresh specimens were tested. The test-trials were made by using standard tensile-testing machines; The strength of preserved dura mater specimens was found to vary from 0.4 to 2 kg/mm2 and of the fresh ones--from 0.4 to 1.1 kg/mm2. The extensibility of the speciments equalled 10--30 per cent without any marked difference between the fresh and preserved ones. The duration of storage of the preserved dura mater does not affect adversely its strength. PMID- 1119130 TI - [Microsurgical technic for intracranial aneurysms]. PMID- 1119131 TI - Morphology of stored, rejuvenated human erythrocytes. AB - Whole blood was stored at 4 degrees C for 42 days. At 7-day intervals, starting with day 21, aliquots were rejuvenated with a phosphate, inosine, glucose pyruvate, and adenine solution. Samples were taken for ATP assays and red cell morphology (by SEM) both before and after rejuvenation. Rejuvenation elevated all ATP levels in excess of 100% of the starting values and significantly increased the percent of cells in the discoid shape as measured by their morphological index, showing that rejuvenation not only raises the cell's metabolic level but causes partial reversion to fresh cell morphology. PMID- 1119132 TI - Dissociation of MNSs antigens using sodium deoxycholate fraction of erythrocyte membranes. AB - A dissociation of the MNSs blood group system has been demonstrated by sodium deoxycholate fractionation of erythrocyte membrane preparations. The MN antigens were localized in a fraction that sedimented at 30,000 g while the Ss antigens remained soluble after 100,000 g centrifugation for donors who were heterozygous at the MN locus. In contrast, fractions derived from erythrocytes of 'homozygous' M or N donors showed M or N activity in both the 30,000 g pellet and 100,000 g supernatant and Ss remained in the 100,000 g supernatant. PMID- 1119133 TI - Plasmapheresis: the in vitro distribution of heparin in plasma and red cell fractions following centrifugation. AB - A modified activated partial thromboplastin time (activated PTT) technique was employed in determining heparin concentration in plasma following centrifugation of whole blood. In reference to previous studies reporting heparin to be found essentially in the plasma, it was shown in the present study that following centrifugation of each bag of whole blood in a double-pheresis procedure, the approximate heparin distribution was 39.9 and 45.7% recovery in plasma for bags 1 and 2, respectively. It is suggested that heparin binding to cellular components may account for the low recovery in plasma. Activated PTTs conducted following reinfusion of red cell concentrates into donors were within normal values, and were consistent with the suggestion that heparin is bound to cellular components in vivo. The safety of the weekly injection of approximately 3,120 USP units of heparin into donors on a long-term basis is considered in the light of extensive data avilable from widespread systemic use. PMID- 1119134 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and blood transfusion. AB - Seven White American male blood donors with Italian surnames were found to have red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency among 1,285 with Greek or Italian surnames screened. Five different genetic variants were found; G 6-PDs Mediterranean (2), "Athens-like" (2), San Juan, Columbus and "Canton-like". Clinical evaluation of 23 patients who received 24 units of G-6-PD-deficient blood (G-6-PD A-) failed to reveal any deleterious effects. Screening of Black donors for G-6-PD deficiency is believed unnecessary; further data are needed before a recommendation can be made concerning screening for non-Black donors. PMID- 1119135 TI - Titration of antibodies to tetanus toxoid by agglutination of purified tetanus toxoid sensitized latex particles. AB - The method of sensitized latex particle agglutination which we have devised allows the selection of samples of plasma for the preparation of immunoglobulins. The population of thus selected samples is the same as is selected by the in vivo test, having a titer greater than or equeal to 6 IU/ml. The test gives a clear cut difference between the positive and negative results and does not give any prozone phenomenon. It can be used extensively, as the batches of sensitized latex particles may be stored for quite a long time. PMID- 1119136 TI - The effect of a single or double dose of dexamethasone on granulocyte collection with the continuous flow centrifuge. AB - A total of 33 leukaphereses were performed with the IBM continuous flow centrifuge on 28 normal healthy donors for the purpose of obtaining increased yields of granulocytes for infusion into leukopenic recipients. The pretreatment of donors within a 10- to 12-hour period prior to pheresis with a double dose of dexamethasone and the addition of hydroxyethyl starch to the input line of the continuous flow centrifuge, significantly increased the total quantity and efficiency of granulocyte collected as compared to a donor group receiving a single dose of dexamethasone in addition to hydroxyethyl starch. A mean of 25.5 times 10-9 total granulocytes were collected in addition to an efficiency of 2.11 times 10-9 granulocytes harvested per liter of blood processed in the double-dose treated donors, in contrast to 19.6 times 10-9 total granulocytes collected and an efficiency of 1.82 times 10-9 granulocytes harvested per liter of blood processed in the single dose donor group. The results of the present study demonstrate that elevated quantities of granulocytes can be collected from normal donors by scheduling a double dose of dexamethasone prior to the pheresis procedure. PMID- 1119137 TI - Studies on glycoproteins and glycopeptides from Tn-polyagglutinable erythrocytes. AB - Direct evidence for the theory that Tn-polyagglutinable erythrocytes have a deficiency of alkali-labile sialic acid and galactose is gained by analysing the carbohydrate moiety of the tryptic glycopeptides with spectrophotometric methods and gas-liquid chromatography. Alkaline borohydride treatment of these glycopeptides specifically releases N-acetylgalactosaminitol. In addition it is shown that mainly the third and the first membrane glycoprotein are affected by the defect. PMID- 1119138 TI - Anti-Kell (K1) in ascitic fluid. AB - The presence of anti-Kell (K1) in the ascitic fluid of a patient with adenocarcinoma is described. The antibody has persisted for over 3 years. The anit-K1 together with the anti-A and anti-B also present in the fluid, is compared with antibodies present in the patient's serum. PMID- 1119139 TI - [Blood levels of iron and transferrin in cases of chronic cor pulmonale and circulatory failure of other etiology]. PMID- 1119140 TI - [Cold pressor test in early stages of hypertension]. PMID- 1119141 TI - [Acquired failure of the hematopietic system in children]. PMID- 1119142 TI - [Diseases associated with chronic peptic ulcer and their pathongenic importance]. PMID- 1119143 TI - [Therapeutic results in cystoureteral reflux in infants and small children]. PMID- 1119144 TI - [Some psychotoxicological problems exemplified by lysergic acid diethylamide]. PMID- 1119145 TI - [Biochemical laboratory tests for the assessment of iron metabolism in the body]. PMID- 1119146 TI - [Congenital absence of gallbladder]. PMID- 1119147 TI - [Gastric phlegmon during corticosteroid treatment for psoriasis]. PMID- 1119148 TI - [Non-specific cecal ulceration]. PMID- 1119149 TI - [Congenital cyst of uterine corpus]. PMID- 1119150 TI - [Monoclonal proteins preceding clinical signs of myelomatosis]. PMID- 1119151 TI - [Results of gasometric studies in infected newborn infants during diarrhea]. PMID- 1119152 TI - [Evaluation of exposure of patients to x-rays during examinations of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 1119153 TI - [Hydrocortisone bathing of the facial nerve]. PMID- 1119154 TI - [Effect of therapeutic doses of propranolol on blood glucose level]. PMID- 1119155 TI - [Syndrome of benign (idiopathic) recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 1119156 TI - [Liver abscess]. PMID- 1119157 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of atelectasis caused by a foreign body in the bronchi]. PMID- 1119158 TI - [Thymo-lymphatic status as a cause of cardiac arrest]. PMID- 1119159 TI - [Case of Quincke's edema]. PMID- 1119160 TI - [Combined treatment with Alkeran and dexamethasone of dysproteinemia and paraproteinemia in plasmacytoma]. PMID- 1119161 TI - [Mollusca contagiosa--review and critical evaluation of a new form of therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The present state of knowledge of the clinical features and therapy of molluscum contagiosum is reviewed. Treatment with retinoic acid, applied topically, is evaluated on the basis of 15 cases. In the majority of patients the lesions cleared up within an average of 8.9 days. This therapy is contraindicated only in patients with a disposition to develop eczema. This form of therapy appears to be superior to all those in common use up to the present date, especially in children with multiple or recurrent lesions. PMID- 1119162 TI - [Lipoatrophia semicircularis (author's transl)]. AB - 11 young women were seen in the span of 2 years at the Department of Dermatology, University of Innsbruck, with dents of a very similar appearance on the extensor aspect of their thighs. These dents are characterized by their band-like circular localization and isolated atrophy of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. These changes are considered to be a distinct disease, termed lipoatrophia semicircularis. A differentiation from other diseases with atrophy of the subcutaneous fat, especially lipoatrophia annularis may be obtained on the basis of the clinical symptoms, histology and the course of disease. Possible causes and the pathogenesis of this disease are discussed. PMID- 1119163 TI - [Giant melanosomes in moles and in normal human epidermis (author's transl)]. AB - This is the first report on the occurrence of giant melanosomes in normal human epidermis and in moles. Due to their characteristic ultrastructural features these large pigment organelles are of special interest for the research in melanin pigmentation. The diferentiation of giant malanosomes from other types of large melanin granules is discussed. PMID- 1119164 TI - [Trophic phenomena in dermatology (author's transl)]. AB - After a description of trophic disorders in 2 patients the great variety of trophic disorders and their diagnostic problems are discussed. Neurovascular dysfunction may be the main cause of trophic phenomena. The general opinion ist that so-called "trophic" nerve fibres do not exist, but there is evidence of the production of "trophic" substances by the nerve endings. So long as these problems remain unresolved, the term "trophic" should be avoided in favour of "neurovascular disorder". PMID- 1119165 TI - [Acute abdomen from the point of view of the gynecologist]. PMID- 1119166 TI - [Neurophysiologic bases of the action of microelements]. PMID- 1119167 TI - [Effect of interoceptive stimuli on the bioelectric activity of skeletal muscles]. PMID- 1119168 TI - [Structural integration factor in brain activity]. PMID- 1119169 TI - The surgical treatment of thoracoabdominal aneurysms and aneurysms of the upper abdominal aorta. PMID- 1119170 TI - Transpubic repair of proximal urethral strictures. PMID- 1119171 TI - Depression in medical practice. PMID- 1119172 TI - Operative treatment of malignant melanoma of the limb (a point of view). PMID- 1119173 TI - Operations for duodenal ulcer: the emerging hard facts. PMID- 1119174 TI - [Chronometric signal equal loudness curves as a test of the functional state of the receptor apparatus of the cochlea]. PMID- 1119175 TI - [Case of keloid in the region of the concha auriculae]. PMID- 1119176 TI - [Supernumerary tooth in the nasal cavity]. PMID- 1119177 TI - [Case of congenital hereditary anosmia]. PMID- 1119179 TI - [Pneumatic cervical cyst]. PMID- 1119180 TI - [Scarred tracheal membrane simulating an asthmatic state]. PMID- 1119178 TI - [Intubational granuloma of the trachea removed by endotracheal route]. PMID- 1119181 TI - [Alternative modification of play audiometry]. PMID- 1119182 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of punctures of Highmore's sinus with a dual needle]. PMID- 1119183 TI - [Illuminator]. PMID- 1119184 TI - [Educational preparations on the paranasal sinuses with a lighting system]. PMID- 1119185 TI - [Complex lateralization test in the determination of the state of the sound conduction and perception apparatuses of the ear hearing less in otosclerosis]. PMID- 1119186 TI - [Effect of some chemical teratogens on the embryogenesis of the hearing organ]. PMID- 1119187 TI - [Combined effects of infrasound and stable noise on the hearing function of workers in compressor shops]. PMID- 1119188 TI - [Dynamics of the hearing function in patients with acute otitis media]. PMID- 1119189 TI - [Changes in hearing in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1119190 TI - [Hearing and the sense of smell]. PMID- 1119191 TI - [Some aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment of lingering forms of acute otitis media in children]. PMID- 1119192 TI - [Preserving and forming the posterior wall of the external auditory canal in mastoidoplasty]. PMID- 1119193 TI - [Method of fastening matched auditory ossicles in incus interposition (experimental study. Report II)]. PMID- 1119194 TI - [Objective audiometry by the rheography method]. PMID- 1119195 TI - [Regional occipital-cervical pains in otitis media, its complications and some extra-ear diseases]. PMID- 1119196 TI - [Role of chronic tonsillitis in the autoimmunization of the body of the child]. PMID- 1119197 TI - [Use of unidimensional echography in the diagnosis of some ORL diseases]. PMID- 1119198 TI - [Pathogenetic treatment of patients with scleroma]. PMID- 1119200 TI - [Replies to critical observations expressed in the course of discussions of our proposal for the clinical classification of acute tonsillitis]. PMID- 1119199 TI - [Organization of the work of otorhinolaryngologists in the ORL departments of regional hospitals]. PMID- 1119201 TI - [Some indices of speech audiometry in various disorders of the peripheral stages of the auditory analyzer]. PMID- 1119202 TI - [Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy in children under general anesthesia]. PMID- 1119203 TI - [Vestibulometry in the work of the practitioner]. PMID- 1119204 TI - [Method of typanoscopy]. PMID- 1119205 TI - [Experience in treatment of exudative acute otitis]. PMID- 1119206 TI - [Treatment of disseminated inflammation of the external auditory canal with the alcoholic extract propolis]. PMID- 1119207 TI - [Use of a rapid acting narcotic agent (sombrevin) in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 1119208 TI - [Cysts of the naris]. PMID- 1119209 TI - [Rare anomaly of development of the ear and the lateral wall of the pharynx]. PMID- 1119210 TI - [Critical period in the formation of radioresistance of seeds during cultivation of barley at high altitudes]. PMID- 1119211 TI - [Statistical analysis of the movements of paramecia]. PMID- 1119212 TI - [Role of homeostasis in animal radiosensitivity]. PMID- 1119213 TI - [Content of microelements in the body of the common role]. PMID- 1119214 TI - [Morphofunctional variations in the course of rat growth]. PMID- 1119215 TI - [Concept of an archaeo-relation of amino acids. Origin of life and the genetic code]. PMID- 1119216 TI - [Ecological factors of evolution]. PMID- 1119217 TI - [Information organization and behavior mechanisms in insects]. PMID- 1119218 TI - [Astral orientation in the beetle Lethrus apterus Laxm. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)]. PMID- 1119219 TI - [Evaluation of the role of the feeding regime on the population dynamics of insects from the viewpoint of general system theory]. PMID- 1119220 TI - [Protective reactions of algae in response to unfavorable environmental conditions]. PMID- 1119221 TI - [Alkan yeasts in poultry nutrition. 5. On the optimal methionine supplementation of alkan yeast protein in broiler- and quail chicks]. PMID- 1119222 TI - [The effectiveness of a single oral administration of iron depot tablets in iron deficiency anemia of baby pigs]. PMID- 1119224 TI - [Continuing education of industrial physician]. PMID- 1119223 TI - [Renal clearance in pigs aged 12-16 weeks]. PMID- 1119225 TI - [Traces of mercury in airborne dust]. PMID- 1119226 TI - [Paragraph 14 of the maternity protection law. The requirement of contribution to maternity benefits is compatible with statute]. PMID- 1119227 TI - [Spontaneous excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids and total 17 hydroxycorticosteroids in the 24-hour urine of patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 1119228 TI - [Psychic infantilism in patients with juvenile schizophrenia]. PMID- 1119229 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of a group of schizophrenic patients working at a large machine building plant]. PMID- 1119230 TI - [Clinical features of neurotic and psychotic stages of reactive psychosis development]. PMID- 1119231 TI - [The symptomatology of speech disorders in schizophrenia in light of modern research (III)]. PMID- 1119232 TI - [The nosology of mental disorders]. PMID- 1119233 TI - [The hematologic syndrome in cerebral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 1119234 TI - [The functional state of blood platelets in patients with cerebral infarcts and hemorrhagic strokes]. PMID- 1119235 TI - [Bioenergetic processes in acute cerebral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 1119236 TI - [Reticular formation nuclei and bioelectric activity in patients with ischemic brain stem strokes]. AB - The study pertains to new approaches in the study of corrlations between the EEG data and the degree of lesions in the nuclei of the reticular formation in ischemic strokes due to occlusive processes in the vertebrobasillar system. In all cases, because of disorders of vital functions, the authors convened artificial lung ventilation which permitted to prolong the life of the patient and to study the dynamics of the EEG. In 10 lethal cases the brain stem was studied on a series of continuous preparations to determine the degree of lesions in the nuclei of the reticular formation in the pons Varoli and medulla oblongata in ischemic foci. It was not possible to establish significant differences in the indices of bioelectric brain activity in lesions of reticular nuclei of pons Varoli and medulla oblongata. The authors stress the necessitity of reconsidering the existing concepts of a dependence of EEG changed parameters upon the localization of the focus in the brain stem. PMID- 1119237 TI - [Autoimmune factors in cerebral circulatory disorders associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels]. AB - In 160 patients with disorders of brain circulation in cerebral atherosclerosis, 68 normals and 38 patients with different neurological diseases (a control group), a special study was undertaken to study the antibrain antibodies with the aid of a complement fixation test (CFT), and a test of complement utilization (CUT). Positive results in the CFT and CUT were seen in patients with ischemic strokes and transient disorders of brain circulation. The formation of antibodies to brain tissues depends upon their type, duration of the disease and is more characteristic of the rehabilitation period. In studying autoimmune processes in patients with disordered brain circulation previous diseases should be taken into consideration (brain trauma, epilepsy, strokes). The existence of antibrain antibodies correlates with the intensity of the process. PMID- 1119238 TI - [The condition of the retinal vessels and intraocular and retinal pressure in patients with incipient forms of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis]. AB - The authors examined 350 patients with initial forms of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. Among the studied group 98 had discirculatory disorders. All patients were studied for the eye ground, intraocular and retinal pressure. The following clinical symptoms characterized this group of patients: antigiospasms, organic changes in the arterial vessels of the retina, changes in the peripapillar zones, in a normal eye retraction, a drop in the diastolic retinal pressure. Glaucoma was depicted in 27%. In patients with a tendency to cerebral paroxysms and transient disorders of cerebral circulation there were more distinct and more frequent symptoms of angiospasms, as well as signs of organic changes in the retinal arteries. The authors mark an increase in the systolic and retinal pressure and an asymmetry of it. Glaucoma was depicted in 3% of the cases. PMID- 1119239 TI - [The syndromology of lesions of limbic-reticular structures in transient cerebral circulatory disorders in the vertebro-basilar basin]. PMID- 1119240 TI - [Combined thrombosis of the basilar and vertebral arteries]. PMID- 1119241 TI - [Survival of patients with basilar artery occlusions]. PMID- 1119242 TI - [Thrombosis of the Rolandic vein]. PMID- 1119243 TI - [The dynamics of autonomic vascular disorders in patients with the scalenus syndrome before and after surgery]. PMID- 1119244 TI - [Rheopolyglucine treatment of patients with brain infarct in the acute period]. PMID- 1119245 TI - [A clinico-anthropometric study of patients with schizophrenia]. PMID- 1119246 TI - [The ridge count in schizophrenia]. PMID- 1119247 TI - [A comparative study of the complement fixation test and the hemagglutination test for detecting anti-brain antibodies in the sera of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 1119248 TI - [Activation of protein synthesis in the lymphocytes of schizophrenic patients under the influence of brain antigens]. PMID- 1119249 TI - [Acute paraphrenia]. PMID- 1119250 TI - [The clinical picture of remissions and features of the course of attack-like schizophrenia with a depressive-paranoid course]. PMID- 1119251 TI - [The clinical picture and classification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 1119252 TI - [Circulating antibrain autoantibodies in cerebral leptomeningitis and chorioependymitis]. PMID- 1119253 TI - [Rhombencephalitis and myelitis in epidemic parotitis]. PMID- 1119254 TI - [Duality in the neurophysiologic mechanisms of the pyramidal syndrome in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 1119255 TI - [Cytochemical indices of peripheral blood neutrophilic leukocytes in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 1119256 TI - [Clinical variants of chorea minor]. PMID- 1119258 TI - [Differences in the clinical manifestations of experimental tick-borne encephalitis in sheep infected with viruses isolated in the western and eastern regions of the USSR]. PMID- 1119257 TI - [Clinico-morphologic characteristics of patients dying of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 1119259 TI - [The edematous-dystrophic syndrome in patients with hypothalamic disorders]. PMID- 1119260 TI - [The clinical picture and therapy of patients with Adie's syndrome]. PMID- 1119261 TI - [Evaluation of motor responses in studying the reflexes of oral automatism]. PMID- 1119262 TI - [Disorders of the functional system subserving respiration in stroke (loss of voluntary respiration syndrome)]. PMID- 1119263 TI - [Overall patterns and features of the responses of different neuronal formations of the brain developing under the influence of single lethal and non-lethal doses of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves]. PMID- 1119264 TI - [Several neurophysiologic mechanisms of human mental and higher nervous activity]. PMID- 1119265 TI - [The liver scan picture in chronic alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 1119266 TI - [Changes in erythrocytes and external respiration in alcoholism]. PMID- 1119267 TI - [The dynamics of organic personality decline during chronic poisoning (on the model of alcoholism)]. PMID- 1119268 TI - [A positive variant of the Kandinskii-Clerambault syndrome of psychic automatism]. PMID- 1119269 TI - [A therapeutic study of sidnocarb tablets]. PMID- 1119270 TI - [Experience with the use of sidnocarb in child psychiatry]. PMID- 1119271 TI - [Clinical manifestations of brain dislocation in the acute period of cranio cerebral trauma]. PMID- 1119272 TI - [Clinical signs of contusion of the temporal lobe of the brain complicated by intracranial hematoma in the acute period of cranio-cerebral trauma]. PMID- 1119273 TI - [Changes in renal function in severe cranio-cerebral trauma]. PMID- 1119274 TI - [The diagnosis and course of mild cranio-cerebral trauma in advanced and old age]. PMID- 1119275 TI - [17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion in post-commotional hypotension]. PMID- 1119276 TI - [Several pathomorphologic changes in the motor analyzer system following femoral amputation]. PMID- 1119277 TI - [The value of studying higher brain functions following acute artificial occulusion of the afferent vessels of arteriovenous aneurysms]. PMID- 1119278 TI - [The role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy]. PMID- 1119279 TI - [Tegretol psyschoses in epileptic patients]. PMID- 1119280 TI - [Dagnosis of different forms of somnambulism]. PMID- 1119281 TI - [The dynamics and structure of psychopathologic syndromes in exogenous orgainic psychoses of traumatic origin]. PMID- 1119282 TI - [Alterations in the peripheral blood lymphocyte lactate dehydrogenase activity of schizophrenia patients]. PMID- 1119283 TI - [Lymphocyte DNA-complex heat denaturation in peripheral blood smears of schizophrenic patients and healthy donors]. PMID- 1119284 TI - [A comparative clinico-genetic study of attack-like schizophrenia with late and early manifestation with regard to age]. AB - The author studied the genetical traits in 2 groups of probands with attack-like schizophrenia with corresponding sex and age. The 1st group (62 probands) consisted of cases where the average age of the manifest psychoses was 59.5. The second group consisted of cases with an average of the manifest psychoses of 30.9. It appeared that the morbidity risk for schizophrenia for all the relatives of the first degree of relationship in the families of patients with late attack like schizophrenia is significantly lower than the morbidity risk in familiies with an onset in young age. At the same time the frequency of schizophrenia among the relatives of patients with late attack-like schizophrenia significantly exceeds the frequency of schizophrenia in the general population. An accumulation of psychoses of a different nozology was not observed. The frequency of schizophrenia among the parents and sibs in a late manifestation of the disease in the probands is lower than in early schizophrenia. These differences were not seen in the children. Among the relatives of patients with late and early attack like schizophrenia there is a large amount of schizoid personality anomalies. PMID- 1119285 TI - [The role of dopamine in the mechanism of the sedative action of lithium salts]. PMID- 1119286 TI - [Several general problems in psychiatry and related sciences (referring to the article by B. Ia. Pervomaiskii and the statement of P. S. Prave)]. PMID- 1119287 TI - [Artrography of the hip joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119288 TI - [Larsen's syndrome, inborn articular and osseous dysplasia connected with a characteristic face (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119289 TI - [Indications for surgical treatment of congenital dysplasia of the hip joint in children under 3 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119290 TI - [New knowledge of ochronosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119291 TI - [Release of total endoprosthesis of the hip joint--causes and diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119292 TI - [Static and dynamic disorders of walking in degenerative affections of the hip joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119293 TI - [Fractures in the area of acetabulum. The question of classification and x-ray diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119294 TI - [Fractures of long bones from fatigue in sportsmen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119295 TI - [Traumatic panus and its forms (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119296 TI - [The problems of therapy of luxation fractures of femur head (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119297 TI - Editorial: Harzards of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography. PMID- 1119298 TI - Clinico-pathological studies of the liver in asymptomatic carriers of Australia antigen. AB - In an attempt to clinico-pathologically examine asymptomatic HBs AG carriers, follow-up studies were made on 57 HBAg-positive blood donors with the S-GPT within normal range and the following conclusions were arrived at: 1) The results of liver function tests made in the present studies revealed the following rates of abnormalities: the S-GPT was abnormal in 14.5% of the subjects, the S-GOT was abnormal in 9%, the serum total bilirubins were abnormal in 12.2%, the serum alkaline phosphatase level was abnormal in 24.5%, the TTT was abnormal in 4.4%, the ZTT was abnormal in 2.2%, the gamma-globulin was abnormal in 21.2%, and the ICG retention was abnormal in 25.6%. It was thus necessary to make a follow-up study of the results of liver function test. 2) Anti-HBs was negative in all subjects, the rate of lymphocytic blastogenesis in the peripheral blood (tested by the addition of PHA) was low in 7 (36.8%) of 19 patients, and the MIF test by the addition of the purified HBs Ag revealed that 17 subjects, excluding one subject with a histologic picture of acute hepatitis, were not susceptible to HBs Ag. It was, therefore, surmised that immunological insufficiency would be involved in the development of asymptomatic carriers. 3) Histologic examinations, made on 20 subjects, revealed A.V.H. in one subject, N.S.R.H. in seven, N.S.R. in ten and fatty liver in two, and further revealed mild, diffuse inflammations in 8 subjects in the first two group (40% in total). Further, pleomorphism was noted in the hepatocytes of 8 (40%) of these 20 subjects, and a study is under way of the significance of the pleomorphism. PMID- 1119299 TI - Bioptical liver changes in florid hyperthyreosis. AB - In 42 non-selected patients with a clinically, biochemically and radio-iodine proved hyperthyreosis, previously untreated, a Menghini liver needle biopsy was carried out for evaluation of histomorphologic changes of the liver. As a result, "reactive hepatitis" was found in 8 patients. Moreover, in about 40% of the cases vacuolated nuclei of hepatocytes were observed in such a great number, as has been found so far only in diabetes mellitus. The microscopic findings, however, are in general unspecific and without particular pathologic value, showing no positive correlation to the biochemical findings. PMID- 1119300 TI - The effect of phenobarbital on the serum bilirubin level in normal and CCI-4 liver-damaged rats. Biochemical and histologic study. AB - The present study was designed to determine the effect of phenobarbital on bilirubin metabolism in rats, following intraperitoneal injection of blood incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hr to produce hyperbilirubinaemia. Blood was taken from the rats to determine the total serum bilirubin before and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the intraperitoneal transfusion. Comparison of the bilirubin curves shows that the serum bilirubin levels were always significantly lower in the phenobarbital pretreated animals. It is proposed that several mechanisms may be responsible for the favorable effect of the phenobarbital on the bilirubin metabolism. PMID- 1119301 TI - Galactosamine- "hepatitis" in rats with different phagocytic activity of liver RES. AB - Morphological investigations by lightmicroscopy were performed to evaluate the influence of an altered liver RES-function state on the course of Gal-N hepatitis. There was a good correlation between the biochemical data and the morphological alterations. The simultaneous infusion of Gal-N 1 g/kg b.w. and carbon particles (2.6 mg/100 g b.w) into the portal vein was followed by subtotal necrosis of the liver and Sanarelli-Shwartzmann-phenomenon. Signs of RES-activity were nearly absent. 8 days after pretreatment with carbon, Gal-N application did not produce Gal-N hepatitis; 21 days after carbon infusion the morphological changes normally found after Gal-N application were present. The morphological studies confirm the concept that an altered RES-function state is a very important factor for the development of liver cell necrosis. PMID- 1119302 TI - Subcutaneous secretin in dogs: influence of solvent and volume of solvent. AB - Pancreatic secretion in response to subcutaneously injected secretin was studied in three dogs with chronic pancreatic and gastric fistulas. Three solvents: saline, gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC); two volumes of solvent: 2 and 6 ml; and two doses of secretin: 75 and 150 clinical units were tested. Gelatin was more effective than CMC in prolonging the action of secretin; the duration of the plateau of secretion was about twice as long with gelatin as with saline. Increasing the volume of solvent from 2 to 6 ml also increased the total duration of secretion and total HCO-3 output. It is concluded that gelatin is a suitable vehicle for prolonging the action of secretin. PMID- 1119303 TI - Cell renewal of gastric mucosa in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - In Zollinger-Ellison patients the gastric mucosa is characterized histologically by hyperplasia both of the glands and the gastric pits. The fundic gastric mucosa is thickened with a marked increase of the specific glandular cells. In-vitro autoradiographic examination shows a significant increase in proliferation of the stomach epithelial cells in three patients with hypergastrinaemia. The mean generation time was diminished from 72 plus or minus 2 in controls to 45 plus or minus 4 hours in the Zollinger-Ellison patients owing to a reduction of the G-1 phase from 62-63 to 36-37 hours. The labelling index (3-H-index) was increased from 10.0 plus or minus 0.2 to 15.7 plus or minus 1.8%. The DNA synthesis phase, the G-2 phase, and the mitotic time were not altered compared to the controls. PMID- 1119304 TI - ABO blood groups and serum gastrin. AB - Serum gastrin concentrations were measured in 75 subjects of blood group O and in 75 subjects of other blood groups. Gastrinaemia both basally and following stimulation by glycine drink or by insulin hypoglycaemia did not show any statistically significant differenc in blood group O people as compared to subjects of other blood groups. It is concluded that the claimed relationship between blood group O and parietal cell hyperplasia cannot be considered as secondary to a relationship between blood group O and increased gastrin producting G cell mass. PMID- 1119305 TI - Proceedings: Immunoreactive gastrin components in cat serum and cat pyloric antral mucosa. PMID- 1119306 TI - Proceedings: Inhibition of acid and gastrin response to feeding by atropine in cats. PMID- 1119307 TI - Proceedings: Mucosa of the resected stomach -- histotopographic and functional investigations. PMID- 1119308 TI - Proceedings: Hyperplasia of Brunner's glands. PMID- 1119309 TI - Proceedings: Prevalence of atrophic fundal and antral gastritis in randomly selected Estonians (Preliminary report). PMID- 1119310 TI - Proceedings: Gastric emptying of organic acids in the dog. PMID- 1119311 TI - Proceedings: The significance of the appearance of gastrin in antral perfusates from dogs. PMID- 1119312 TI - Proceedings: Preliminary report on the effects of vagotomy on the ultrastructure of rat parietal cells. PMID- 1119313 TI - Proceedings: Symposium on endoscopic papillotomy held at Erlangen-Herzogenaurach, on September 12, 1974. PMID- 1119314 TI - Bulk flow in the cerebrospinal fluid system of the dog. AB - Ventriculo-cisternal, intracranial subarachnoid-to-subarachnoid space and spinal subarachnoid space perfusions were carried out on dogs. The perfusate contained inulin as a tracer and the design of these experiments was based upon the concept that inulin leaves cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments only by means of bulk absorption, and that actual diffusion and active transport of inulin is negligibly small. Inulin was removed from different CSF spaces by bulk absorption at rates which varied linearly with hydrostatic pressure. The rate of formation of CSF is equal to inulin clearance plus the difference between outflow and inflow rates. The total CSF formation in dogs weighing 12 to 17 kg was measured as 0.065 ml/min, and 58.5 per cent of this amount was found to come from extraventricular CSF space. The rates are independent of hydrostatic pressure in the range studied. PMID- 1119315 TI - Peripheral nerve injury as a complication of axillary arteriography. AB - Five patients with peripheral nerve injury after axillary arteriography are presented. The clinical and electromyographic pictures of this complication are described. In 4 patients the brachial plexus was damaged due to haematoma or pseudoaneurysm-formation at the site of the arterial puncture. The grave prognosis for this complication is illustrated on the basis of the literature and our cases. Since it is concluded that the prognosis is better if rapid surgical correction of the complication is performed, certain steps to prevent the disabling outcome are proposed. PMID- 1119316 TI - Myopathy and neuropathy associated with osteomalacia. AB - Thirty unselected females with proven osteomalacia were evaluated clinically, electromyographically and histopathologically for muscle dysfunction. Clinical evidence of myopathy was found in all the patients except one; the electromyograms were abnormal in 25 of them, and histopathological abnormalities, although slight and nonspecific, were seen in all the 17 patients who underwent muscle biopsy. Electromyographic findings revealed a myopathic pattern as evidenced by a significant reduction in motor unit potential duration and amplitude, and an increased percentage polyphasicity as compared to the controls. There was a complete absence of denervation potentials. The histopathological abnormalities were nonspecific and slight, and consisted of fatty infiltration, interstitial fibrosis, sarcolemmal nuclear proliferation and variation in muscle fibre thickness. A statistically significant reduction in motor nerve conduction velocities of the ulnar and peroneal nerves was found. It was considered that this reduction in the velocities was due to subclinical neuropathy. Our data suggest that myopathy, neuropathy and osteomalacia in our patients are due to nutritional deficiencies of multiple vitamins. PMID- 1119317 TI - Intestinal absorption in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Forty-four patients with myotonic dystrophy were subjected to various tests for intestinal absorption. A varying number of patients were subjected to the various tests. In one patient (of altogether 11 patients) a pathological vitamin A absorption test was found together with increased faecal excretion of fat and nitrogen. Two of 12 patients showed pathological D-xylose tests. The reason for this may possibly be deficient urine collection. Schilling tests were on the whole normal. Glucose tolerance tests were pathological in 26 of 35 patients. The following pathological findings were made: elevated fasting blood sugar, elevated peak level, delayed return to pretest level, biphasic response and reduced increment in blood glucose levels following loading. The biphasic response seems to be a rather characteristic finding in myotonic dystrophy. The peak concentration was in all except one case reached within 15-60 minutes. Intravenous glucose loading gave normal response curves. The pathological response on oral loading was probably often caused by intestinal motility disturbances and not by malabsorption. Malabsorption seems to be a rare feature of myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 1119318 TI - The concepts: Disturbed state of consciousness and psychosis. AB - A theoretical analysis is made of the two concepts: "disturbed state of consciousness" (DSC) and "psychosis", and these concepts are defined in ways which are consistent with actual clinical psychiatric work on the Continent. Concerning DSC's two points are emphasized: Whether we, as psychiatrists, are conscious of it or not--one of our premisses for classifying a state as a pathological DSC is an evaluation of the client's ability to change the state voluntarily. Furthermore, stating that a DSC was present in the time interval tl0tn implies stating that all experiences were abnormal in some way during the interval--when the word "experience" is taken in the broad sense, including William James' "fringe" and "embeddedness" in the stream of consciousness. Reality testing may remain the cardinal point in the definition of "psychosis"- if we make the distinction between theoretical, "fullblown", syndromes and concrete syndromes with fewer symptoms clear to ourselves. PMID- 1119319 TI - Prognosis of paranoid states in relation to the clinical features. AB - Scandinavian psychiatrists acknowledge endogenous psychoses which are neither schizophrenic nor manic-depressive, i.e., above all the "reactive psychoses" and the "schizophreniform psychoses", both of which differ from schizophrenia in their features as well as in their good prognoses. These Scandinavian diagnoses bear relationships to psychoses, which I separate from schizophrenia. In the present paper, paranoid states are discussed with regard to their clinical pictures and their good prognoses. Among these are the "cycloid psychoses". Patients suffering from these diseases recover from every phase, though most of the German psychiatrists consider them schizophrenic. Among the cycloid psychoses, the "ansiety happiness psychosis" shows ideas of reference on the one hand and ecstatic ideas on the other. In "inhibited confusion psychosis", the patients are suffering from ideas of reference and ideas of significance; in "excited confusion psychosis", from misidentifications of persons. The other symptoms which occur--anxiety, happiness, stupor, incoherent pressure of speech- confirm the cycloid psychoses and disprove schizophrenias. Besides the already mentioned psychoses, there is a monopolar psychosis, "suspicious depression", in which ideas of reference and ideas of guilt mix. It is extremely important, not only for theoretical but also practical reasons, to separate from schizophrenia paranoid states which terminate in complete recovery from every phase. PMID- 1119320 TI - Predisposition for mental syndromes: A study comparing predisposition for depression, neurasthenia and anxiety state. AB - A hypothesis of selective predisposition for drepression, neurasthenic syndrome and anxiety states has been tested in a prospective study. The primary material for the investigation consisted of 4,000 city inhabitants who had registered a private car. Almost all of these could be invited to a group investigation by questionnaire in the autumn of 1959. Out of those invited, 83% participated, and out of these, 3,019 were males (the secondary material). Six years later, the registers of public psychiatric out- and in-patient units in the city were examined as to the appearance in 1960 or later of the men in the secondary material. One hundred and fourteen of these men were found in the registers. For each of these men ten controls, matched for age, were chosen from the rest of the secondary material. Thirty-seven of the patients had had a depression and 17 a neurasthenic syndrome as the main diagnosis, and 17 had an anxiety state as the main or secondary diagnosis. As independent factors were chosen the Sjobring personality factors sub-validity (psychasthenic traits), sub-stability (syntonia) and sub-solidity (hysteroid habitual attitude), as well as subclinical phenomena related to the neurasthenic, depressive and anxiety syndromes. It was not possible to show a specific predisposing power of the background factors investigated. Psychasthenic premorbid personality, however, was significantly related to depression, and also showed a strong tendency to an association with neurasthenic syndrome and anxiety states. PMID- 1119321 TI - Depression: Predisposing factors. AB - Factors predisposing to a depressive state had been investigated in a prospective study on a stratified population, accounted for in the preceding article (Nystrom & Lindegard (1975a) ). Of the 114 persons seeking psychiatric care during the period of observation, 37 had a depression as the main diagnosis. As compared to their 370 matched controls, these patients showed a significant overrepresentation of psychasthenic traits (subvalidity according to Sjobring), a tendency to ruminate, shyness in company and lack of endurance, certain asthenic subclinical symptoms such as habitual fatigue and irritability, certain depressive subclinical phenomena, various expressions of anxiousness, all kinds of insomnia, and certain forms of medical care and examinations. The findings can be used for mental hygienic purposes. It can be recommended that the environmental pressure within occupational as well as within private life, should be kept as low as possible, expecially for persons with characteristics shown to indicate mental vulnerability. PMID- 1119322 TI - Sex chromatin anomaly among Chinese psychiatric inpatients compared to schoolchildren. AB - In a study of sex chromatin abnormality among Chinese psychiatric inpatients, buccal smears were examined from a total of 1,253 psychiatric inpatients (639 males and 614 females). One male psychiatric inpatient (1.6/1000) was chromatin positive (plus ve); two female psychiatric inpatients (3.3/1000) were found to have two sex chromatin bodies (less than e). The lower rate for male inpatients in comparison to Chinese schoolboys (i.3/1000) is thought to reflect a higher rate of mental subnormality in the primary schoolchildren. This is considered attributable to the special nature of the school system and psychiatric patient facilities in Taiwan. The higher rate for female inpatients in comparison with the schoolgirls (0.5/1000) tends to indicate a predisposition to mental disorder in favor of psychosis associated with double sex chromatin abnormality in the female. PMID- 1119323 TI - Survival after myocardial infarction in diabetic patients. Part I. Hospital mortality. PMID- 1119324 TI - The effect of chemical sympathectomy of central nervous system on the duration of barbital-induced sleep in rats. PMID- 1119325 TI - The histochemical nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test in children with haemophilia. PMID- 1119326 TI - Effect of long-term increase in the frequence and/or prolongation of dialysis duration on certain clinical manifestations and results of laboratory investigations in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 1119327 TI - Survival after myocardial infarction in diabetic patients. Part II. Hospital mortality in relation to the kind of hypoglycaemic treatment. PMID- 1119328 TI - Studies on substrates of leucocyte proteases. PMID- 1119329 TI - The development of the visual system of the albino rat. PMID- 1119330 TI - Cell ageing: chairman's introduction. PMID- 1119332 TI - Cell surface alterations and "in vitro" aging of animal cells. PMID- 1119331 TI - Alterations in chromatin functions during aging in vitro. AB - Age-associated alterations in the chromatin functions of human diploid cells have been observed. These alterations include: (1) a decline in the rate of histone acetylation; (2) a reduction in the rate of RNA synthesis as measured by (a) the rate of 3H-uridine incorporated into the RNA of young and old cells; (b) comparison of the template activity of isolated chromatin from young and old cells using E. coli RNA polymerase and (c) measurement of chromatin template activity using the endogenous RNA polymerase of young and old cells. It is suggested that the nondividing state of old cells may be the result of the inability to synthesize specific RNA molecules (and perhaps specific proteins) necessary for the cell to continue through the cell cycle. PMID- 1119333 TI - Creatinephosphokinase in human diploid cell lines. AB - The activity of CPK was proved in cultivated cells from amniotic fluid cells, thymus, spleen, pericardium, umbilical cord, skin and muscle. The activity in these strains did not significantly differ. The average value is 224 plus or minus 68 i.u. CPK/mg N. No differences of activity were disclosed between embryonal, foetal and children cultures. The activity of CPK in post mortem cultures was not altered. The relationship between collagen synthesis and CPK activity is suggested. The evidence of CPK activity in amniotic fluid cells corresponding to the activity in other foetal cultures and the whole sample under investigation opens the way to the prenatal investigation of pathophysiology and inborn errors of the metabolism of this enzyme. PMID- 1119334 TI - CELL AGEING IN THE INTESTINAL TRACT. PMID- 1119335 TI - Studies on the proliferative capacity of mouse spleen cells in serial transplantation. AB - The ageing of mouse spleen cells in vivo was investigated by determining the size distribution of cell volumes. It was found that ageing is accompained by an increase in cell volume which is in agreement with published data on ageing for a number of cell types both in vivo and in vitro. After the first transplantation into irradiated hosts the size distribution of spleen cells proves to be more heterogeneous which may affect the proliferative capacity. After the fifth transplantation, when the cell population is three years old, the parameters of the volume distributions of spleen cells agree better with the data from middle aged mice than with the data from old-aged mice. Further it was found that at least six serial transplantations are possible if the interval between passages is long. Therefore our data do not show an intrinsic limited proliferative capacity of these cells. PMID- 1119336 TI - On the ageing of intermitotic cells -- investigations on enterocytes and hepatocytes. PMID- 1119337 TI - Fat cells in ontogenesis. PMID- 1119338 TI - Ageing and the loss of auditory neuroepithelium in the guinea pig. AB - By microscopic evulation of the cellular pattern of the organ of Corti in 3 age groups of guinea pigs (6 weeks, 7 months and 3 yr) the linear dependence of the loss of sensory cells on the age of animals was found. The linearity of the decrease in number of sensory cells supports the idea that the effect observed was induced by the ageing of the organism in normal conditions of living. PMID- 1119339 TI - The role of retinol in, and the action of anti-inflammatory drugs on, hereditary retinal degeneration. AB - Light deprivation retarded retinal degeneration in albino dystrophic rats. In pigmented dystrophic rats the presence of pigment in the eye retarded the degenerative process. Retinol labilized rat retinal lysosomes in vitro. Acetylsalicylic acid stabilized retinal lysosomes even in the presence of the concentration of retinol which produced the maximum labilization. The effect of acetylsalicyclic acid was concentration dependent, maximum stabilization being produced by 0.25-0.50 mM. The results provide further evidence for the hypothesis that hereditary retinal degeneration in rats is mediated by an increased amount of retinol (produced by the action of light on an unusually labile type of visual pigment) causing a premature release of lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 1119340 TI - Effect of age on kidney hyperplasia in the rat after unilateral nephrectomy. AB - The absolute weight of the rat's kidney increases from 3 weeks to 3 months and from 3 months to 12 months. The relative weight decreases. The number of cells freed from the kidney by trypsinization increases. (2) After nephrectomy, the kidney weight increases in all age groups. The increase is mery high in the youngest rats, lower but still significant in the 3 month old rats and still lower in the 12 month old rats. The number of cells freed from the kidney after nephrectomy is again very high in the young and 3 month old rats, but very low in the 12 month old rats. In these animals, the cell number is lower after nephrectomy than before, and a greater vulnerability of the cells is suggested as the cause of this phenomenon. PMID- 1119341 TI - Effect of age on kidney hyperplasia in the rat during cold acclimation. AB - In adult rats acclimated to 5 degrees C, the kidney weight increases with the length of the exposure. Kidney cells of younger rats survive explantation better than the cells of control rats of the same age. Kidney cells of older rats after cold acclimation and after unilateral nephrectomy have a lower vitality in vitro than corresponding control cells. Unilateral nephrectomy performed in rats aged 3 and 6 months, exposed previously to low temperature, leads to a better survival of explanted kidney cells than nephrectomy or cold only. Old rats do not survive exposure to 5 degrees C for more than 18 hr. PMID- 1119342 TI - Fidelity in the collagen synthesized and modified by aging fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 1119343 TI - Biosynthesis of collagen during the life cycle of human diploid cell lines. AB - In the course of the active phase of growth collagen synthesis appears relatively stable and decreases when the culture passes into the degenerative phase III. The increase of cell nitrogen indicates the increasing accumulation of cell proteins with their aging in vitro. The ratio of soluble to insoluble collagen is relatively constant in fibroblast cultures from different tissues, periods of development during the active phase of growth. The increase of insoluble collagen in long term cultivated Marfan syndrome fibroblasts indicates the possible relationship between increasing stability of collagen and ageing of fibroblasts in vitro. Further studies confirmed the significant differences between control fibroblast and fibroblast derived from tissues of patients affected by Marfan syndrome. No differences were found in collagen synthesis and in the ratio of soluble to insoluble collagen in fibroblast strains from embryos, foetuses, children and young adults. The collagen synthesis and the ratio of soluble to insoluble collagen does not differ in fibroblast cultures derived from or post natal period of life. The collagen synthesis in amniotic fluid cells was confirmed by analysis of cell proteins and proteins produced into the cultivation medium. The ultrastructural analysis of these cells reveals formation of intracellular fibrills and their growth in the extracellular space. The possibility of prenatal investigation of inborn errors of collagen metabolism is pointed out. PMID- 1119344 TI - Ageing processes in collagens from different tissues of rats. AB - It has been demonstrated by solubility data, that the differences in cross linking and degree of polymerisation in connective tissue from different organs of a single animal are much more pronounced than the increase which occurs with advancing age. Judged from the cross-linking analysis one can therefore conclude that in a single animal there are connective tissues which differ in their degree of maturity. It is therefore conceivable to suggest that the level of cross linking should not be taken as the measure of the biological age of the animal. PMID- 1119345 TI - The effect of nutritional regimes upon collagen concentration and survival of rats. AB - It has been demonstrated that food restriction put upon animals at any stage of the individual's life, if chronic, produces a distinct increase in the lifespan. This can be effected in youth and still have a distinct effect in old age even if the food restriction is cut down and for the rest of the life the animal is allowed food ad libitum. Since the effect upon the aging of the animal is delayed on the time scale, it is obviously an effect which is stored somewhere and it is suggested that this storage occurred somewhere along the DNA-RNA pathway. Also the effect of under nutrition is not identical with that of oxidizing free radical blocking agents and therefore it is concluded that the food deprivation does not minimize the attack of the free radicals on the long chain macromolecules and as a matter of fact it seems that the proportion by which free radicals contribute to the changes in the average lifespan in undernourished and fully nourished animals is small. It has been also demonstrated that the addition of reducing agents to normal diet and to the diet of food restricted animals increases the average and maximum lifespan in both cases practically to the same extent, which supports the idea expressed before. This feeding effect has been observed in three different species of rodents and no extrapolation has been done to other types of mammals. Due to the data published on this topic and dealing with rotifers and some insects (2) it is conceivable to conclude that the effect of undernutrition is general and is not limited to the food restriction in the early stages of development only. Collagen starts to accumulate in the kidneys and liver of experimental animals roughly ten months before 90 percent of the population dies out. Tus an increase in collagen concentration can be indicative of involutional changes in the organ (and perhaps organism). These data are i- good agreement with previously published results on the relation between collagen accumulation and chronic food deprivation in rats (6). It can be also concluded that food deprivation induced in the adult, though not so effective in life prolongation as the food restriction during early development, still can increase survival in experimental animals to a high degree. PMID- 1119346 TI - Bone aging. PMID- 1119347 TI - Relations between development of the capillary wall and myoarchitecture of the rat heart. AB - The type of the blood supply to the myocardium appears to be closely related to its structural arrangement. The heart of adult poikilotherm animals is either entirely spongious, supplied from the ventricular cavity or its spongious musculature is covered by an outer compact layer with vascular supply. The size of the compact layer increases with increasing heart weight. The changes in the heart size during the ontogenetic development of honoiotherms are accompanied by the gradual transformation of the vascularless spongious musculature into a compact myocardium supplied thrugh coronary vessels. Up to the development of coronary arteries (in the rat up to the 17th day of embryonic life - ed) the myocardium is entirely spongious and supplied from mentricular cavity. Two types of primitive vascular bed are characteristic for this period: a) intertrabecular spaces, which penetrate deep into the ventricular wall as direct continuation of the endocardium, and b) intramyocardial clefts without endothelial lining. During further development of the terminal mascular bed, the outgrowth of endothelial cells into the myocardial clefts is important. The first capillaries with closed endothelial wall can be observed on the 18th ed. At this time various developmental stages o the terminal blood bed can be observed simultaneously. Within the following period (20-21 ed) the thick capillary walls become narrow and pericytes occur. The process of differentiation spreads in both ventricles and in septum from the base to the cardiac apex and is practically finished by the 14th day of postnatal life. The longitudinal orientations of myofibres starts between the 20th and 22nd ed. The final arrangement of muscle cells and capillaries into three layers (outer and inner longitudinal, central circular) is terminated during the second postnatal week. PMID- 1119348 TI - The use of arrested populations of human diploid fibroblasts for the study of senescence in vitro. AB - It has been shown that human diploid cells from various donor ages can be arrested in an essentially nonmitotic state by reducing the serum concentration of the incubation medium from 10 to 0.5 percent. Cells incubated at this serum level maintained the population distribution that was present when the cells reached confluency. The population, which has 90 percent of the cells in the G1 phase of the division cycle, was not static and exhibited a low level of mitotic activity with prolonged interdivision times. These cells also exhibited a greatly reduced (30 percent) protein content which occurred within the first 7 days of cultivation with 0.5 percent serum. Cells arrested by incubation with low serum medium and subsequently recovered to a proliferative state underwent an equivalent or greater number of population doublings with a concomitant extension of in vitro calendar time when compared to growth controls. This indicated that the number of mitotic events and not the length of time in culture was the primary determinant of in vitro lifespan. The ultimate passage level achieved by experimental cells as compared to controls was different in the three cell strains studied. A gradient of attained passage number according to donor age was established with cells from younger donors reaching a significantly greater number than those from older donors. The use of arrested cell populations for the study of cellular senescence offers a unique opportunity to have an in vitro system which may more closely approximate those in vivo tissues which normally do not exhibit a rapid rate of proliferation. By the use of this system numerous biochemical parameters can be investigated at various cell ages without the interference of proliferative processes. PMID- 1119349 TI - Ultrastructural changes in senile muscle. PMID- 1119350 TI - Morphometrical and mathematical analysis of the ageing changes of the muscle connective-tissue-relation in smooth muscles. AB - The rate of the process of ageing studied in this work as well as of other ageing processes observed by us constantly decreases with increasing age. By an adaptation of exponential functions to series of measurements it is possible to estimate the theoretically possible end stage of histological ageing processes for extremely long lifetimes. The histological biomorphosis is much slower in female persons during their generative phase than in males. Results of planimetric measurements made on sections suggest that, so far as the shift in muscle-connective tissue relation in favour of the connective tissue is concerned, primary significance should be attached to muscular atrophy, while the connective-tissue proliferation may be considered to the secondary in this respect. PMID- 1119351 TI - Effect of lysolecithin on the transport of plasma cholesterol to tissues: developmental aspects. PMID- 1119352 TI - Time-lapse cinemicrophotographic studies of cell division patterns of human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38) during their in vitro lifespan. AB - Genealogies of human diploid embryonic lung fibroblasts, WI-38 were prepare from analysis of filmed sequences of clones at passages 20, 28 and 53. The results indicate heterogeneity in cell division patterns, interdivision time and migration activity. The relationship of the cell division patterns to age of culture is difficult to assess at this time because of the heterogeneity of the clones, however, the late passage culture appeared to be more variable in terms of sister-sister, and mother-daughter relationships. The passage 28 culture was representative of a highly proliferating clone, exhibiting short interdivision times and a synchronous division pattern. The passage 20 and 53 clones exhibited longer interdivision times and less synchronous division pattern than the passage 28 clone. A gradual lengthening of average interdivision time with successive generations has been observed in all genealogies regardless of passage level of the donor culture. A portion of daughter cells in the fifth and sixth generation exhibited lower interdivision time than the mother cell. The effects of nutrients, space, and mitotic inhibitors or stimulators on interdivision time of the cells within the clones is discussed. PMID- 1119353 TI - Surgery of temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 1119354 TI - Surgery of frontal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 1119355 TI - Surgery for epilepsy arising in regions other than the temporal and frontal lobes. PMID- 1119356 TI - Neurosurgical management of the epilepsies. Postoperative management and criteria for evaluation. PMID- 1119357 TI - Factors contributing to the success or failure of surgical intervention for epilepsy. PMID- 1119358 TI - Psychosocial aspects of neurosurgical management of epilepsy. PMID- 1119359 TI - Postoperative pulmonary complications. PMID- 1119360 TI - Antacids. PMID- 1119361 TI - Foreign body ingestions. PMID- 1119362 TI - Psychogenic symptoms: criteria for diagnosis. PMID- 1119363 TI - Iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 1119364 TI - Dopamine: new uses for an old drug. PMID- 1119365 TI - Editorial: Ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 1119366 TI - The angiotensin infusion test as a method of evaluating left ventricular function. AB - Fifteen patients had left ventricular function measured by the angiotensin infusion method. Seven patients had no evidence of heart disease, and eight patients had angina pectoris and coronary arteriographic evidence of coronary disease without congestive heart failure. During angiotensin infusion, those patients without heart disease had a decrease in cardiac index (average, 0.63 L. per minute per square meter) and a decrease in heart rate (average, 12 beats per minute.) The ventricular function curve had a poor SWI response in four of the seven subjects. The patients with coronary artery disease also had a reduction in cardiac index during angiotensin (average, 0.44 L. per minute per square meter) and the heart rate was unchanged in four subjects, increased in two subjects, and decreased in two subjects. Six of the subjects had flat or descending slopes on the function curve, and in one subject there was only a very gradual ascending slope. Many of the curves of both groups looked similar so that the function curves did not differentiate between those patients with or without heart disease. The mechanism for production of bradycardia, reduction of cardiac output, and depressed function curves with angiotensin is multifactorial, but is probably due to the baroreceptor reflex response, the increase in coronary artery resistance, and possible to the direct effect of increased left ventricular afterload itself. The ventricular response to angiotensin is so variable that the angiotensin infusion method of evaluating ventricular function is not reliable. PMID- 1119367 TI - Permanent pacing in disorders of sinus node function. AB - Thirty-three patients with disorders of sinus node function treated with permanent endocardial pacemakers were evaluated. Study of the underlying heart rate and rhythm was accomplished by external inhibition of pacemakers. The development of stable atrial fibrillation was documented in 7 out of 29 patients studied and effectively terminated the syndrome of sinus node dysfunction. Embolic complications appeared to be an important factor in the morbidity and mortality in patients with changing supraventricular rhythms. Pacemaker therapy effectively controlled syncopal episodes due to bradycardia, but recurrent episodes of tachycardia and problems associated with this remained unaffected. PMID- 1119368 TI - Effect of ventricular aberrancy on fibrillation threshold. AB - VFT's were determined in 12 open-chest dogs at epicardial sites in the right and left ventricles (RV and LV) following normally or aberrantly conducted beats. The normal beats were produced by right atrial pacing, and the aberrant beats by surgical RBBB or ventricular pacing at an RV or LV site. The mean VFT following normal beats was 21.2 plus or minus 1.8 ma. in RV and 23.0 plus or minus 2.7 ma. in LV. The mean VFT following aberrant beats of RBBB was 21.3 plus or minus 2.6 ma. in RV and 25.0 plus or minus 2.8 ma. in LV. The difference between the mean VFT of normal beats and that of aberrant beats was not statistically significant. The mean values of VFT's determined in RV or LV following aberrant beats produced by pacing of the contralateral ventricle were not significantly different from those of the normal beats. The mean VFT was 22.9 plus or minus 3.1 ma. in RV and 20.1 plus or minus 2.1 ma. in LV. These results indicate that the aberrancy of ventricular beats per se is not associated with decreased VFT or increased ventricular vulnerability to fibrillation. The most predictable observation was that the mean VFT's were significantly lower in both ventricles when they were determined at the site of application of pacing stimuli. The mean values were 12.4 plus or minus 1.2 ma. in RV and 13.6 plus or minus 1.6 ma. in LV. This decrease in VFT may be due to slow conduction and increased asynchrony of recovery of excitability at or near the site of application of pacing stimuli. PMID- 1119369 TI - Effects of dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid on platelet functions in patients with aortic ball-valve prostheses. AB - The effects of dipyridamole and ASA on platelet functions were studied in patients with aortic ball-valve prostheses. Before ingestion, platelet adhesiveness was markedly reduced and platelet survival time slightly, but insignificantly shortened. ASA prolonged the bleeding time, reduced collagen induced platelet aggregation, and inhibited secondary aggregation initiated by adrenalin. Similar effects were obtained with 2 Gm. of ASA alone as with 1 Gm. daily in combination with 225 mg. of dipyridamole. Platelet adhesiveness remained low. Depyridamole alone, 375 mg. daily, did not influence any of these parameters. The mean platelet half-life was prolonged from 3.52 to 3.72 days by each drug and to 4 days by the combined treatment. None of the differences was, however, statistically significant. A clinical study with ASA has been started in a larger series of patients to evaluate the effect on arterial thromboembolism. PMID- 1119370 TI - Frequency response of fluid-filled catheter-micromanometer systems used for measurement of left ventricular pressure. AB - The resonant frequencies of five commonly used fluid-filled catheters connected to a solidstate microdisplacement pressure gauge were 18 to 33 per cent higher than those obtained with a conventional manometer. Four catheters had a flat amplitude response to 26 Hz. or more at the 20 per cent amplitude distortion level. The dynamic response characteristic of certain fluid-filled catheters used with microdisplacement pressure gauges allows one to record high fidelity left ventricular pressure curves. PMID- 1119371 TI - A new method for determination of postmortem left ventricular volumes: clinico pathologic correlations. AB - A description is presented of a new and simple procedure for ventricular volume determination by means of pressure fixation of the heart and preparation of plastic molds of the ventricles which can be used to displace water in a graduated cylinder to determine the volume of the mold. Correlations between postmortem ventricular volume as measured by this method and antemortem stroke volume or clinical cardiac status indicate that a large left ventricular volume is often correlated with a low cardiac output and cardiogenic shock. PMID- 1119372 TI - Bacteroides pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in a patient with chronic renal failure. AB - A 31-year-old woman with chronic renal insufficiency and recurrent pericarditis developed an enlarging cardiac silhouette and physical signs of cardiac tamponade. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated pericardial effusion with hemodynamic evidence of cardiac compression. At pericardial exploration, 1.5 L. of foul-smelling purulent material was removed from a distended pericardial sac. Cultures of both the exudate and pericardium revealed pure growth of Bacteroides fragiles. The patient was subsequently treated with intravenous chloramphenicol and has had an uncomplicated clinical course since that time. This represents the first reported case of cardiac tamponade secondary to culturally proved Bacteroides pericarditis in the setting of chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 1119373 TI - Dietary sucrose in relation to the development of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 1119374 TI - A retrospective case-control study of diseases associated with oral contraceptive use. PMID- 1119375 TI - Keep legs up. PMID- 1119376 TI - Letter: Cardiac tamponade. PMID- 1119377 TI - Letter: A method to ensure a normal distal pulse after brachial arteriotomy. PMID- 1119378 TI - Atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction in hyperkalemia. AB - Twelve patients exhibited electrocardiographic evidence of fascicular block during hyperkalemia. Isolated left posterior hemiblock occurred in four, isolated left anterior hemiblock in two, right bundle branch block with left anterior hemiblock in two, right bundle branch block with left posterior hemiblock in one, left bundle branch block with abnormal left axis deviation in two and advanced atrioventricular block in one. In all seven patients with sinus rhythm the P-R interval shortened after correction of hyperkalemia. Electrophysiologic studies using His bundle recording and atrial pacing in one patient revealed intraatrial conduction delay and marked prolongation of conduction time in the His-Purkinje system. It is concluded that conduction defects in the specialized intraventricular conduction system are common in hyperkalemia and result in electrocardiographic patterns of fascicular block. PMID- 1119379 TI - Blood platelet response to plasma from patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - Blood platelets change shape (from small round spheres to larger spread forms) as they participate in thrombosis. Using an electron microscopic technique, we surveyed 14 patients with both acute and chronic ischemic heart disease; each had increased spread platelet forms (69 plus and minus 22.2 [standard deviation] percent) when compared with 14 asymptomatic control subjects (P less than 0.001). When platelets from these 14 control subjects were exposed to plasma from the patients with ischemic heart disease, spread forms increased from 13.4 plus and minus 9.1 to 44.5 plus and minus 15.5 percent (P less than 0.001). There was no significant increase in spread platelets in these control subjects when their blood was mixed with plasma from another control group. Similar studies were performed in seriously ill noncardiac patients: 9 of 13 had increased spread platelet forms when compared with control subjects, but plasma from only 5 of these 9 subjects caused increased spread forms when mixed with platelets from normal subjects (P less than 0.05). Thus a factor existed in the plasma of these patients with ischemic heart disease that caused normal platelets to become spread. Similarly the plasma of some patients with serious noncardiac disease had a comparable effect on normal platelets. Although the identity of this factor is unknown, it is probably unrelated to hormonal or therapeutic influences occurring either during acute infarction or during the stress of serious illness because (1) the effect of the plasma from patients with acute ischemic heart disease was identical to that of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, and (2) the effect was not present in all patients with serious noncardiac disease. PMID- 1119380 TI - Radiation-related pericarditis. AB - To determine the incidence of pericardial effusion in patients undergoing upper mantle radiation therapy, 81 patients with Hodgkin's disease, stages I to IIIB, were selected from a protocol series of 98 patients. Twenty-four patients (29.6 percent) met X-ray criteria for the presence of pericardial effusion. Eleven of the 24 also underwent right heart catheterization to confirm the presence of pericardial effusion and to define any hemodynamic abnormality. Fourteen patients were found to have transient effusion. Five of the 11 patients have had partial pericardiectomy for symptoms and signs of cardiac tamponade. There has been no evidence of recurrent Hodgkin's disease in these surgically treated patients. Ninety-two percent of the pericardial effusions occurred in the first 12 months after the end of radiation therapy. Therapeutic implications depend on elucidation of the natural history of this process. At present close follow-up is necessary with surgical intervention for signs or symptoms of cardiac tamponade. PMID- 1119381 TI - Natural history of aortic and mitral valve disease. AB - An appreciation of the natural history of acquired valvular heart disease is a prerequisite to an understanding of how surgical intervention has altered the natural outlook. The prognosis for a patient with valvular heart disease treated medically is dependent on the stage of the disease at which he is first seen. Therefore, assessment for surgery requires evaluation of the pathophysiologic consequences that have resulted from the hemodynamic alterations. Survival statistics for patients seen at the University of California Medical Center at San Francisco are presented and compared with the data of others. Stenotic lesions appear to have a poorer prognosis than chronic regurgitant lesions and generally warrant surgical intervention at an earlier functional stage of the disease. However, valvular insufficiency produced acutely is poorly tolerated and many constitute a surgical emergency. PMID- 1119382 TI - Long-term follow-up of isolated replacement of the aortic or mitral valve with the Starr-Edwards prosthesis. AB - Review of 1,684 cases of isolated aortic or mitral valve replacement with a Starr Edwards prosthesis demonstrated that the procedure provides improved life expectancy over that found in the natural history of valvular heart disease. Further improvement in results depends on continued reduction in operative and late mortality and in the incidence of thromboembolism. Advanced preoperative functional class, atrial or ventricular enlargement, a history of prior heart surgery, advanced age at operation and untreated valvular disease were among the factors related to increased early or late mortality. The data suggest that adequate anticoagulation, earlier performance of valve replacement and more complete repair of valvular dysfunction may increase survival rates. PMID- 1119383 TI - Influence of surgery on the natural history of rheumatic mitral and aortic valve disease. AB - The rate of survival, the evolution of functional cardiac status and the incidence of major complications during a 5 year period were studied in 410 patients with rheumatic mitral or aortic valve disease, of whom 200 were treated medically and 210 by surgery. The 5 year survival rates in patients with various types of rheumatic mitral valve disease were similar (45 percent for those with mitral stenosis and 46 percent for those with mitral insufficiency or mixed mitral insufficiency and stenosis). The survival rate in patients with aortic valve disease was somewhat more favorable (64 percent). Mitral valvulotomy had the most positive influence on mortality. The 85 percent 5 year survival rate of patients who underwent this procedure was significantly higher than that of patients with medically treated mitral stenosis. In patients submitted to mitral and aortic valve replacement, the survival rate was also improved in comparison with data in the corresponding medically treated group, but to a lesser degree (70 percent for aortic valve replacement and 60 percent for mitral valve replacement). In all surgically treated groups, initial operative mortality was the primary determinant of the rate of survival at the end of 5 years. Survivors of all surgical groups had appreciable improvement in cardiac functional classification and a remarkable reduction in the incidence of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The incidence of infectious endocarditis was significantly reduced after mitral valvulotomy, as compared with the incidence in patients with medically treated mitral stenosis. Mitral and aortic valve replacement did not reduce the incidence of infectious endocarditis. The incidence of thromboembolic phenomena was favorably influenced by mitral valvulotomy and aortic valve replacement, but not by mitral valve replacement. PMID- 1119384 TI - Effects of alcohol on cardiovascular performance after experimental nonpenetrating chest trauma. AB - Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic correlates were recorded before and after a standardized nonpenetrating blow to the chest in 9 anesthetized control dogs (Group I), 5 dogs, pretreated with alcohol, 0.4 g/kg intravenously (Group II), and 12 dogs undergoing chest trauma after alcohol infusions (Group III). In animals in Group I, transient major arrhythmias, including complete heart block and ventricular tachycardia, occurred immediately after impact. One animal died with ventricular fibrillation. In the eight survivors these disturbances were accompanied by acute reductions in aortic pressure and cardiac index; values for both variables gradually increased after restoration of sinus mechanism. Alcohol alone (Group II) produced no significant alterations in either hemodynamic performance or electrical activity, but when combined with nonpenetrating chest injury (Group III) it caused a mortality rate of 92 percent, the majority of animals dying with electromechanical dissociation. Mean survival time in Group III was 23.1 plus and minus 6.5 (standard error of the mean) minutes compared with 80.3 plus and minus 9.6 minutes in Group I. At autopsy, minor cardiac lesions of either the pericardium or myocardium were observed in all animals in Groups I and III, but none were considered lethal. It is concluded that administration of alcohol, even in small doses, can effect catastrophic reductions in mechanical performance in the presence of otherwise nonfatal cardiac injury secondary to nonpenetrating chest trauma. The clinical implications of this association are discussed. PMID- 1119385 TI - Effects of myocardial hypoxia and ischemia on myocardial scintigraphy. AB - The effect of regional myocardial ischemia and hypoxia on myocardial scintigraphy was studied in patients and dogs after intravenous administration of cesium-129. Seven men with angiographically proved ischemic heart disease underwent exercise testing and 129Cs was given immediately when ischemia was manifested in the electrocardiogram. Defects were not evident in the scintigrams of any patient. Failure to visualize a defect might be related to delayed uptake of 129Cs by the myocardium (maximal uptake in 45 minutes). The ischemic state was dissipated before the disparity in uptake between normal and ischemic myocardium could be visualized. Cesium-129 is useful for identifying acute myocardial infarcts but should not be used to visualize transient exercise-induced regional ischemia. Six dogs were given 129Cs after induction of regional myocardial hypoxia by perfusion of the anterior descending coronary artery with venous blood. In each, scintigraphy revealed a defect that resolved after reperfusion with arterial blood. Two other dogs were given 129Cs before perfusion with hypoxemic blood; neither dog manifested a defect. Since perfusion was maintained by a pump these results suggest that the major cause of the scintigraphically observed defect was inadequate cellular uptake of 129Cs rather than excessive cellular loss. Since regional myocardial hypoxia produced a reversible defect, scintigraphic studies might overestimate the size of an acute myocardial infarct in man by including the ischemic zone surrounding the infarct. PMID- 1119386 TI - Ventricular performance in patients based upon rate of change of power during isovolumic contraction. AB - Energy is expended by the ventricle during isovolumic contraction as the blood within the ventricle is compressed. This isovolumic energy of compression, as well as the isovolumic rate of energy transfer (power) and acceleration of energy transfer (rate of change of power), was calculated in 17 patients with angina pectoris who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The peak isovolumic rate of change of power in patients with normal left ventricular performance (based upon the ejection fraction, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and end-diastolic volume index) was 31,000 plus or minus 3,000 dynes cm sec-2 (mean plus or minus standard error), whereas in those with poor ventricular performance it was 18,000 plus or minus 2,000 dynes cm sec-2 (P less than 0.01). None of the patients with poor ventricular performance had a peak isovolumic rate of change of power that exceeded 25,000 dynes cm sec-2. Overlap between patients with normal performance and those with reduced performance was less with the peak rate of change of power than with peak power, peak rate of change of intraventricular pressure (dp/dt), maximal (dp/dt)/p or Vmax. The derivation of these isovolumic energy transfer rates requires no assumptions related to ventricular geometry or characteristics of muscle fibers. Peak isovolumic rate of change of power may be a useful and sensitive indicator of ventricular performance in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 1119387 TI - Isovolumic fractional rate of change of power: its applicability to assessment of ventricular performance in patients. AB - The ratio of the instantaneous isovolumic rate of change of power, normalized to instantaneous isovolumic power, appears to be an expression of physiologic and practical significance. This ratio, termed the isovolumic fractional rate of change of power, describes the capability of the ventricle to sustain, during isovolumic contraction, an acceleration of energy production relative to instantaneous rates of energy production. The expression is independent of assumptions of ventricular geometry, fiber orientation, symmetry of contraction or elasticity of muscle fibers. It was derived upon the basis of established principles of fluid dynamics. The expression serves in an integrative fashion by demonstrating a simple relation between characteristics of performance derived on the basis of fluid dynamics and those derived on the basis of muscle mechanics. In this study, the isovolumic fractional rate of change of power permitted distinction between patients with normal and abnormal ventricular performance (as characterized by the ejection fraction, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and end-diastolic volume index) (P less than 0.01). The firm theoretical basis of the isovolumic fractional rate of change of power, and its demonstrated capability to permit identification of patients with normal or abnormal left ventricular performance, recommends it as a meaningful and useful hemodynamic expression. PMID- 1119388 TI - Solitary interruption of the arch of the aorta. Clinicopathologic review of eight cases. AB - Patients with isolated total interruption of the arch of the aorta not accompanied by other cardiovascular anomalies may survive to advanced age. Their symptoms and course resemble those of patients with postductal coarctation of the aorta. However, there are basic differences in the pathologic findings in these two types of anomalies that may be of aid in the radiographic diagnosis. PMID- 1119389 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of the antiarrhythmic agent disopyramide phosphate. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of the antiarrhythmic agent disopyramide phosphate given intravenously were studied in 10 patients with cardiac disease. Studies included determinations of sinus recovery time and refractoriness of the atria, the atrioventricular (A-V) node and the His-Purkinje system. Measurements were performed at rest and 15 and 30 minutes after administration of disopyramide. Serum drug levels were measured at these times. Sinus recovery time was shortened at both 15 and 30 minutes, with an average decrease of 39.5 and 146.2 msec, respectively (P less than 0.01). Atrial refractoriness was not altered significantly, but tended to be reduced; the mean effective refractory period was 289.5 msec before administration of disopyramide and 259 and 270 msec 15 and 30 minutes, respectively, after administration. The functional refractory period of the atrioventricular (A-V) node was definitely prolonged in seven patients 15 minutes after administration of disopyramide. The relative refractory period of the His-Purkinje System was not altered. Although this study does not elucidate the mechanism by which disopyramide acheives its antiarrhythmic effects, animal work has shown that it is similar to that of quinidine. In the doses used the drug does not seem to cause first, second or third degree A-V block or fascicular or bundle branch block; it did not increase the severity of first degree A-V block in the three patients with this disturbance. The drug may be particularly useful when arrhythmias are associated with slow sinus rates. PMID- 1119390 TI - Electrocardiographic manifestations of dual pathways of retrograde impulse conduction in the human heart. AB - Three cases are presented in which the electrocardiogram provided evidence for the functioning of two separate pathways of retrograde impulse conduction. In the first case, distinct points of entry of the impulses into the atria are inferred. In the second case, the origin of the retrograde impulses was created by the stimuli of an artificial pacemaker. In the third case, the operation of two pathways of retrograde conduction was evidenced by the demonstrated differences of the refractory periods and the conduction velocities. Each of the three cases reflects a particular aspect of the phenomenon. PMID- 1119391 TI - Conduction system in systemic lupus erythematosus with atrioventricular block. AB - We describe the clinical course and the postmortem cardiac findings in a 12 year old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus, complete heart block, renal failure and hyperkalemia. The conduction system was examined by serial section. The sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes were found to be almost completely replaced by granulation tissue; we believe that this finding is related to the systemic lupus. The hyperkalemia is not considered to be the cause of the block, since the block persisted despite the lowering of the blood potassium level and the morphologic findings in this case are not found in hyperkalemia. PMID- 1119392 TI - Myocardial infarction due to coronary atherosclerosis in three young adults with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Three patients, 24, 24 and 25 years of age, with systemic lupus erythematosus had signs of myocardial infarction. Two had serial electrocardiographic changes indicative of infarction without any cardiac symptoms. The third patient had clinical evidence of an acute massive myocardial infarction, which was proved at autopsy to be due to coronary atherosclerosis. This case is presented in detail and the association between systemic lupus erythematosus and myocardial infarction is reviewed. It is postulated that the relation between lupus erythematosus and coronary atherosclerosis is more than coincidental. PMID- 1119393 TI - Aortic orgin of the left pulmonary artery. Variant of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - A case of tetralogy of Fallot with aortic origin of the left pulmonary artery is presented. This rare malformation should be suspected in a child with stunted growth, cyanosis, a continuous murmur over the pulmonary area and a hypervascular left lung on chest roentgenogram. Final diagnosis depends upon cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. During surgical correction of the tetralogy, the left pulmonary artery can be divided from the aorta and anastomosed to the main pulmonary artery. PMID- 1119394 TI - Editorial: Prevention of heart disease by control of risk factors: the time has come to face the facts. PMID- 1119395 TI - Variability of hemodynamic responses to acute digitalization in chronic cardiac failure due to cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease. AB - Eight patients with chronic congestive heart failure (four with cardiomyopathy and four with ischemic heart disease) underwent hemodynamic studies during acute administration of digoxin, given intravenously in two 0-5 mg doses 2 hours apart. Observations were made before administration of digitalis (control period) and serially therafter for 4 hours after the first dose. Resting mean cardiac index and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure were as follows: 2.0 liters/min per m2 and 23 mm Hg (control period); 2.1 and 24 (at 1 hour); 2.0 and 23 (at 2 hours); 2.7 and 19 (at 3 hours); and 2.3 and 20 (at 4 hours). Exercise responses of mean cardiac index and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure in five patients were: 3.1 liters/min per m2 and 36 mm Hg (control period); 3.2 and 33 (at 1 hour); 3.2 and 28 (at 2 hours); 3.1 and 27 (at.3 hours); and 3.4 and 31 (at 4 hours). The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure remained elevated during exercise in all cases. Arrhythmias were seen in five patients after administration of 0.5 mg of digoxin. Hemodynamic improvement at 4 hours involving both reduced filling pressure and increased blood flow was observed in only two patients at rest and in one additional patient during exercise. Acute deterioration of cardiac function (elevated pulmonary arterial wedge pressure of decreased cardiac index) occurred 30 minutes after administration of digoxin in four patients, concomitantly with increased systemic resistance. In six patients, a peak hemodynamic effect appeared 1 to 1 1/2 hours after administration of digoxin, with partial or total loss of initial benefit by 2 and 4 hours. In previously performed studies observations have seldom exceeded 1 hour; the results of this 4 hour study suggest that, in patients with cardiomyopathy or coronary artery disease and chronic congestive heart failure, acute digitalization does not necessarily lead to consistent, marked or lasting hemodynamic improvement. Thus, current concepts of the use of digitalis is such patients may require revision. PMID- 1119396 TI - Dose-response relation between therapeutic levels of serum digoxin and systolic time intervals. AB - A dose-response relation between cardiac glycosides and systolic time intervals has previously been established in short-term studies in which the glycoside was administered intravenously in these studies there was uncertainty regarding the steady state kinetics, and maintenance of the early serum levels would have resulted in toxicity. Accordingly, we studied the effect on systolic time intervals of small increments of serum digoxin within the therapeutic range. Serum digoxin concentration and systolic time intervals were measured in 21 patients receiving 0.25 mg of the glycoside daily. The daily dose was increased to 0.5 mg and measurements were repeated 5 to 7 days later. Serum digoxin concentration with the smaller dose was 0.56 plus or minus (standard error) 0.06 ng/ml and increased to 1.18 plus or minus 0.11 ng/ml with the larger dose. Associated with the increased serum digoxin was a mean decrease in duration of total electromechanical events of 6.3 plus or minus 2.9 msec (P smaller than 0.025), which resulted from a mean shortening of left ventricular ejection time of 5.6 plus or minus 3.0 msec (P smaller than 0.05). The mean decrease in preejection phase of 1.1 plus or minus 2.1 msec was insignificant (P larger than 0.2). Repeated measurements in control patients showed no change in serum digoxin concentration or systolic time intervals. In nine patients the digoxin dose was randomly varied between 0 and 0.75 mg and measurements were made 4 to 5 days after drug administration at each dose level. The correlation coefficient between changes in serum digoxin and changes in left ventricular ejection time was minus 0.55 (P smaller than 0.01) the data indicated that increasing the maintenance dose of digoxin while keeping the serum level within therapeutic range will result in improved ventricular function as assessed by determination of systolic time intervals. PMID- 1119397 TI - Echocardiographic studies of left ventricular wall motion and dimensions after valvular heart surgery. AB - Echocardiograms obtained from 50 patients after valvular heart surgery (in 33 cases within 2 months of the procedure) were examined to study patterns of interventricular septal motion and left ventricular dimensional changes. Preoperative echograms were available in 28 cases. Before and after mitral commissurotomy septal motion and left ventricular diameters as well as the percent systolic shortening of the echocardiographic transverse axis were within normal limits. Before operation, aortic and mitral regurgitation were associated with increases in end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, septal motion and percent systolic shortening of the left ventricular diameter. Septal dyssynergy, defined as paradoxical motion or marked hypokinesia, was seen within 2 months of operation in 91 percent of patients after aortic valve replacement and in 42 percent after mitral valve replacement. Of subjects studied more than 2 months postoperatively, none with mitral valve replacement and only 33 percent with aortic valve replacement manifested septal dyssynergy. After valve replacement for aortic or mitral regurgitation there were significant decreases in end diastolic diameter, septal excursion and total and percent left ventricular systolic shortening. Two subjects not having valve replacement also demonstrated paradoxical septal motion postoperatively. The cause of septal dyssynergy after valvular surgery was not apparent although the use of cardiopulmonary bypass was an esential condition. We conclude that echocardiography can be utilized to follow up changes in left ventricular wall motion and dimensions after surgery for valvular heart disease, and that it may be of value in assessing the early and late postoperative results. PMID- 1119398 TI - Hemodynamic consequences of total removal of the tricuspid valve without prosthetic replacement. AB - Tricuspid valvulectomy without prosthetic replacement has been advocated as a life-saving measure in the treatment of Pseudomonas endocarditis of the tricuspid valve. This report describes the hemodynamic data obtained in 10 patients before and after removal of the tricuspid valve. Seven patients remained free of carciac decompensation, but right heart failure developed in three. Analysis of the preoperative data did not permit differentiation of these two groups of patients. PMID- 1119399 TI - Altered refractory periods in patients with short P-R intervals and normal QRS complex. AB - To evaluate the refractory periods of the atrioventricular (A-V) conducting system in patients with a short P-R interval and normal QRS complex, 57 patients with a P-R interval of 110 to 280 msec were studied with His bundle recording and premature atrial stimulation at similar cycle lengths of 660 to 720 msec. In 13 patients with a short P-R interval (120 msec or less) the mean value for the functional refractory period of the A-V node was 368 plus or minus 36 msec (standard deviation), which was significantly lower (P smaller than 0.01) than the mean value of 415 plus or minus 50 msec in 36 patients with a normal P-R interval (between 120 and 200 msec) and the mean value of 492 plus or minus 57 msec in 8 patients with an increased P-R interval (200 msec or greater). Patients with a short P-R interval had a mean value for the effective refractory period of the A-V conducting system of 247 plus or minus 26 msec, which was significantly lower (P smaller than 0.01) than the mean values of 297 plus or minus 51 msec in patients with a normal P-R interval and 369 plus or minus 87 msec in patients with an increased P-R interval. The results identify a characteristic conduction abnormality that is compatible with a partial A-V nodal bypass or dual A-V nodal conduction pathways. The relation between the duration of the P-R interval and the regractory period may aid understanding of the clinical significance of the scalar electrocardiogram. PMID- 1119400 TI - Sinus nodal function in the intact dog heart evaluated by premature atrial stimulation and atrial pacing. AB - Sinus nodal function was analyzed in 25 dogs by premature stimulation of the right atrium. The return (AT-AR) and post-return (AR-A) cycles were plotted as a function of the premature cycle, and four zones were identified. Zone I (compensatory zone) was observed during the last 4.8 percent (mean value) of the sinus cycle (A-A). Zone II was observed during 43.6 to 95.2 percent (mean value) of the sinus cycle. During the latter part of zone II, AT-AR was nearly constant and AR-A remained nearly equal to A-A during the last 29 percent (mean value) of the cycle. Earlier in zone II three distinct patterns of return cycle responses were observed whereas post-return cycles either remained nearly equal to A-A or showed progressive lengthening. Zone III (interpolation) was observed in 10 animals during 39.5 to 46.2 percent (mean value) of the sinus cycle. AR-A was nearly equal to A-A in zone III. Interpolation was incomplete late and complete early in the zone. Zone IV (echo zone) was seen in another 10 animals during 40.9 to 45.3 percent (mean value) of the sinus cycle and in this zone AR-A was greater than A-A. No significant difference in these zones was seen among the animals anesthetized with pentobarbital or alpha-chloralose, or given 6-OH-dopamine. The AR-A was important in the analysis of these zones and appears to be essential to the interpretation of data derived from premature atrial stimulation. Responses to premature atrial stimulation through a catheter electrode positioned against the sinus nodal region compared favorably with responses to direct epicardial stimulation. After periods of continuous right atrial pacing a vairety of patterns of sinus nodal depression were observed at different rates and durations of stimulation. The frequent occurrence of a short sinus escape cycle followed by the maximal pause observed during rapid pacing rates suggests sinus nodal entrance block. This may be an important factor to consider in determining an optimal pacing rate for assessing sinus nodal function. PMID- 1119401 TI - Ischemic heart failure: sustained inotropic response to small doses of I epinephrine without toxicity. AB - As a prelude to a study of severe ischemic heart failure, the therapeutic response of the ischemic ventricle to epinephrine and acetylstrophanthidin in nontoxic doses was determined in 24 intact anesthetized dogs undergoing a first episode of acute regional ischemia. A thrombotic obstruction was produced in the left ventricular dysfunction. The elevation of end-diastolic pressure and reduced stroke volume in control dogs were not significantly altered by administration of strophanthidin. Epinephrine (0.05 mug/kg per min) elicited a significant reduction in end-diastolic pressure and increase in stroke volume. The latter was not attended by an increased incidence of ventricular fibrillation, whereas fibrillation occurred in half of the group given strophantihidin. Thus, the catecholamine was selected to study pump failure. Severe ischemic heart failure was assessed in two groups with scar from previous infarction for up to 4 hours. By 60 minutes of ischemia the increase in end-diastolic pressure and volume and decrease in stroke volume and ejection fraction were comparable in both groups. Thereafter, alternate animals received small doses of epinephrine (0.05 to 0.15 mug/kg per min) with graded increments at 60 minute intervals to counter tachyphylaxis and findings were compared with those in control dogs. Over the subsequent 3 hours, there was progressive deterioration of left anterior descending coronary artery, affecting ventricular function in the untreated group with an increase in end-diastolic pressure from 10 plus or minus 1 to 33 plus or minus 2.4 mm Hg. End-diastolic volume increased by 63 percent; stroke volume and ejection fraction decreased by 48 and 66 percent, respectively. The infusion of epinephrine was attended by a significantly lower end-diastolic pressure of 20 plus or minus 2.5 mm Hg, whereas end-diastolic volume, stroke volume and ejection fraction were restored to control levels after 4 hours of ischemia. Mortality in the untreated group was 62 percent by 4 hours; all seven animals in the treated group survived. PMID- 1119402 TI - Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death due to ischemic heart disease and other causes. AB - As part of a study of the male population in an industrial city in Sweden, one third of all male inhabitants of Goteborg born in 1913 were invited to an examination in 1963. Of those invited, 855 (88 percent) accepted. This report examines the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and death from ischemic heart disease and other causes in this group of men during the ensuing 10 years. There were 6l deaths; autopsy was performed in 56 cases. Nineteen men died of ischemic heart disease and 18 of cancer; 12 men died violently. Thirty-one men survived an acute myocardial infarction. Cigarette smoking and registration with the Temperance Board at the time of the initial examination were more common in men who later had a nonfatal myocardial infarction or died of ischemic heart disease or other causes than in surviving subjects and men who did not have an infarction. Dyspnea was more common in men who died of ischemic heart disease but was less common in those who died of other causes than in the remaining subjects. Values for systolic blood presure were higher and those for peak expiratory flow lower in men who died of ischemic heart disease. Serum cholesterol values were higher and those for serum triglycerides tended to be higher in men who died of ischemic heart disease than in other subjects. Heart size tended to be greater in those who had nonfatal or fatal ischemic heart disease. Obesity, the level of physical activity, fasting blood glucose levels, doffee consumption, hematocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate as determined at age 50 years had no predictive value for assissing the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal ischemic heart disease or death from other causes before age 60. The results indicate that many so-called risk factors have a different relation to fatal than to nonfatal ischemic heart disease. PMID- 1119403 TI - Influence of race, sex and weight on blood pressure behavior in young adults. AB - This study is concerned with blood pressure behavior in young adults (aged 15 to 29 years) in the biracial community of Evans County, Ga., on two occasions 7 years apart. On the basis of casual blood pressure recordings the prevalence of systolic pressure equal to or greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure equal to or greater than 90 mm Hg, or both, showed race/sex differences as follows: white males 19.0 percent, white females 12.7 percent. black males 34.0 percent, black females 31.6 percent. Similar differences were noted in the incidence during the 7 year interval. The problem presented by the variability of the casual blood pressure recording is apparent in this interval study. Of particular interest is the association of weight with blood pressure in this youthful group, particularly among white males and females and black females, in relation to both initial and subsequent pressure levels. The data suggest that in this population under 30 years, weight is a risk factor for hypertension, and that maintenance of ideal weight, instituted in youth, may be a preventive measure. PMID- 1119404 TI - The omnicardiogram: new approach to detection of heart disease in patients with a normal resting electrocardiogram. AB - The omnicardiogram is a new technique in which various leads of the standard electrocardiogram are digitized and subjected to a nonlinear mathematical transformation so as to detect subtle degrees of abnormality not apparent in the original electrocardiogram. Its usefulness in the detection of heart disease was studied in 121 male patients with a normal resting 12 lead electrocardiogram who underwent selective coronary cineangiography for a chest pain syndrome. In normotensive patients with a normal resting electrocardiogram, an abnormal omnicardiogram was recorded in 81 percent of those with three vessel disease, 67 percent of those with two vessel disease and 41 percent of those with one vessel disease. Nineteen percent of patients with normal coronary arteries or nonobstructive coronary artery disease had false positive tracings. The omnicardiogram was abnormal in 81 percent of patients with hypertension whether or not cornary artery disease was present. A double Master exercise test was performed by 109 of the 121 patients. In normotensive patients results of the test were positive in 67 percent of those with three vessel disease, 31 percent of those with two vessel disease and 14 percent of those with one vessel disease. There was a 4 percent rate of false positive tracings. Thus in our study, the omnicardiogram appeared to be superior to the Master test and to provide a useful new approach to detection of coronary artery disease in male patients with a normal resting electrocardiogram. PMID- 1119405 TI - Effect of transducer placement on echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular dimensions. AB - An echocardiogram from the left ventricle may be used to estimate left ventricular volume and rate of circumferential fiber shortening, to measure posterior wall and interventricular septal thickness and to evaluate the normality of septal motion. Extended application of this technique in this laboratory has emphasized the need for a more standardized means of transducer location and direction. The effect of placing the ultrasonic transducer in several intercostal spaces along the left sternal border was tested in 14 patients. Variability in the left ventricular dimension and the difference in this dimension from end-diastole to end-systole were greater than for duplicate measurements from the same interspace. A system has been developed for more consistent placement of the transducer in each patient, using intracardiac landmarks and observation of transducer orientation to record specific cardiac structures. PMID- 1119406 TI - Symposium on atherosclerosis and metabolism of the arterial wall. Introduction. PMID- 1119408 TI - Letter: Posterior wall velocity. PMID- 1119407 TI - Turnover of phospholipids in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - Smooth muscle cells derived from rat aortic media were explanted and grown in culture for 14 to 60 days. During that time they formed a confluent multilayer and depostied extracellular material resembling newly formed elastin. The lipid composition of the cells in culture differed slightly from the parent cells in the intact aorta with respect to a higher phospholipid/DNA ratio and a higher lecithin content. The cholesterol content resembled that of parent cells. After incubation with labeled precursor the cultured cells show an active lipid synthesis; choline is incorporated mainly into lecithin, whereas glycerol and palmitate appear in phospholipids and to a lesser extent in neutral lipids. After a 2 hour pulse and up to 96 hour chase there is a linear fall in the specific acitivty of lecithin with a half-time of 28 to 30 hours. The rate of fall in specific activity of glycerol- or choline-labeled lecithin was found to be similar, indicating that choline does not turn over by an exchange reaction and is a suitable marker for studying phospholipid turnover in cultured cells. The results provide a basis for investigation of the effect of increasing cellular cholesterol content on phospholipid turnover. PMID- 1119409 TI - Letter: Ventricular fibrillation due to passage of a Swan-Ganz catheter. PMID- 1119410 TI - Letter: Multiple coronary arteriosystemic fistulas. PMID- 1119411 TI - Letter: External counterpulsation and aortic balloon pumping. PMID- 1119412 TI - Developmental morphology of the subarachnoid space and contiguous structures in the mouse. AB - Development of pia-arachnoidal membranes in the mouse occurs in four stages: the first (prenatal days 10-13) follows closure of the neural tube and is a period of initial vascularization of the developing telencephalon; the second (prenatal days 14-16) is a period of delineation during which the limits of the subarachnoid space are defined; the third (prenatal day 17 to birth) is a period of ensheathment of pia-arachnoidal blood vessels; and the fourth (birth to postnatal day 21) includes addition of smooth muscle to larger vessels, the appearance of macrophages in the subarachnoid space, and a general increase in extracellular collagenous and elastic fibers. The mesenchyme over the telencephalic surface in the 10-day fetus has a typically large extracellular space. By the 13th fetal day cerebrospinal fluid begins to seep into and replace it. The mesenchymal extracellular compartment is reduced peripherally, resulting in a compacted pia-arachnoidal tissue which limits the peripheral extent of the subarachnoid space. By the 21st postnatal day a subarachnoid space typical of the adult animal has been established. PMID- 1119413 TI - Permeability of ovarian follicles and capillaries in mice. AB - The permeability of ovarian capillaries and follicles in prepubertal and sexually mature (proestrus and metestrus) randomly bred Swiss Albino female mice (SCH:ARS HA ICR strain) was studied by intravenous injection of either ferritin or horseradish peroxidase (HRP), followed by examination with light and electron microscopes. The study revealed that capillaries in the interstitial and perifollicular regions were provided with a continuous endothelium that had constant permeability characteristics irrespective of sexual maturity or phase of the estrous cycle. Horseradish peroxidase left the capillaries primarily through interendothelial cell junctions and was present in all follicles within 30 seconds after administration of the tracer. Ferritin, on the other hand, was absent from endothelial cell junctions, and left the capillaries, at a slower rate than HRP, via cytoplasmic vesicular transport. Both tracers were found in the granulosa cells but rarely in the oocytes. The tracers reached the oocyte through the intercellular spaces between granulosa cells. These findings demonstrate that the follicular apparatus of the mouse is permeable to ferritin and HRP, and that follicular regions such as the basal lamina of the follicle and the zona pellucida do not stop or retard the passage of either tracer. PMID- 1119414 TI - Tubules and filaments in satellite cells and axons of sensory neurons. AB - Satellite cells covering the axon hillock region and initial axon process of the neurons of rat and mouse trigeminal ganglia contained numerous parallel microtubules and microfilaments. These were oriented circumferentially to axonal neurofilaments and neurotubules. The latter were sometimes grouped in fascicles. The results suggest a specialized role for the supporting cell in this region and that fascicles of neurotubules are not related to action potential initiation. PMID- 1119415 TI - Effect of gonadotropins on ovulation and ovarian histology in the immature Mongolian gerbil. AB - The present study is an analysis of the effects of superovulatory doses of gonadotropins on the rate and time of ovulation and ovarian histology in immature gerbils. Groups were treated with various combinations of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The maximum superovulatory response followed treatment with 10 IU PMSG and 20 IU HCG. High dosages of PMSG inhibited superovulation, as did some combinations involving the highest dose of HCG. Entrapment of ova within corpora lutes was common in groups receiving high doses of either gonadotropin. Luteal regression, appearing by day 3, occurred often in groups receiving high doses of HCG. A dose of 10 IU PMSG and 5 IU HCG resulted in both a near maximal superovulatory response and the least abnormal ovarian alteration. PMID- 1119416 TI - Sucrose, hypertension, and heart disease. PMID- 1119417 TI - Letter: Carbohydrate-induced hyperlipemia. PMID- 1119418 TI - Letter: Blindness in the nine states of Norteast Brazil. PMID- 1119419 TI - The quipu in measuring malnutrition. PMID- 1119420 TI - Depressed cell-mediated immunity in megaloblastic anemia due to folic acid deficiency. AB - Cell-mediated immunity has been studied in patients with 1) megaloblastic anemia of folic acid deficiency, 2)megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy, or 3) iron deficiency anemia. Using dinitrochlorobenzene skin tests, phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocyte transformation, and rosette inhibition by antilymphocyte globulin, we have shown that cell-mediated immunity is depressed in megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency; this depression was reversed by folate treatment. Cell-mediated immunity was not impaired by iron-deficiency anemia. Suggested interactions between iron deficiency and folate metabolism were not clarified by these studies. PMID- 1119421 TI - Effect of dietary lactose on the absorption of protein, fat and calcium in the postweaning rat. AB - To assess the effect of dietary lactose on the intestinal absorption of protein, fat and calcium in lactose intolerance due to low levels of intestinal lactase, balance studies were carried out on postweaning rats (initial weight 164 g) for a period of 10 days. The experimental diets contained either 10% or 30% lactose, while in the control diets the lactose was replaced with equivalent amounts of sucrose. The excretions of fecal and urinary nitrogen, calcium and fat are expressed as precent of intake over the 10-day period. The fecal excretion of nitrogen and fat was significantly higher in the lactose groups (P less than 0.05). The fecal calcium excretion, however, was lower in the lactose groups, the difference being significantly only in the case of the 30% lactose diet (P less than 0.001). There was no difference in urinary nitrogen excretion between the lactose and sucrose groups, but urinary calcium excretion was significantly higher in the rats fed the 30% lactose diet (P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that dietary lactose may reduce the absorption of protein and fat, but not of calcium, in individuals with low levels of intestinal lactase activity. PMID- 1119422 TI - Utilization of different quantities of fat at high altitude. AB - Investigations on utilization of fats have been carried out at altitudes of 3,500, 3,800, and 4,700 m, respectively, on 27, 7, and 12 soldiers staying at these altitudes for over 4 months in tentage accommodation. At 3,500 m the fat utilization was 95.9, 96.2, and 96.6% on intakes of 128, 168, and 198 g fat/day. At 3,800 m on maximum fat intake of 364 g/day, the fecal fat content was 11.48 g and percentage digestibility 96.9. At 4,700 m the digestibility was 97.5% on a fat intake of 232 g/day. Urine examination did not reveal ketone bodies on any of these fat intakes. Neither was there any incidence of constipation nor diarrhea. While 364 g of fat/day could not be fully consumed, digestibilty was not affected up to an intake of 324 g/day though, at this intake there was feeling of thirst at night. Thus, digestibility and utilization of dietary fats up to 324 g at 3,800 m and 232 g at 4,700 m are not distrubed. PMID- 1119423 TI - Increased rate of alcohol removal from blood with oral fructose and sucrose. AB - The effect of oral glucose, fructose and sucrose on the disappearance rate for intravenously administered alcohol was studied in eight abstinent alcoholic subjects. The three sugars were ingested on separate days in random sequence. alcohol levels were determined at hourly intervals. During sugar ingestion, the mean rates of alcohol disappearance were: 19 plus or minus 1.4 mg/100 ml per hour (plus or minus SE), with glucose, 23.9 or minus 1.4 mg/100 ml per hour with sucrose, and 25.4 plus or minus 1.4 mg/100 ml per hour with fructose. Compared to glucose both fructose and sucrose increased the rate of alcohol from the blood. The blood levels of fructose were similar after the oral dose of 2 g/kg of fructose or 4 g/kg of sucrose. PMID- 1119424 TI - Nutritional status and mortality: a prospective validation of the QUAC stick. AB - In December 1970, 8,292 rural Bengali children the ages of 1 and 9 had their height and arm circumference measured. Eighteen months later the fate of 98.8% of these children was ascertained. Overall, 2.3% of the children had died. Those the 9th and between the 10th and 50th percentiles of arm circumference for height were at 3.4 1.5 times greater risk of dying, respectively, than those above the 5oth percentiles. A gradient was present at every age, although it was greatest for the bulnerable 1- to 4-year age group, for whom the relative risks were 4.5, 1.6, and 1.0, respectively. The discriminant efficiency of these categories was greatest immediately following measurement and decreased with time. During the first postmeasurement month the risk of dying the poorest nutritional category was 19.8 times that of the best, and for the first 3 months, 12.2 times. By the last 3 months of followup it was only twice that of the best. Females in all three categories fared slightly worse than males, being at 1.1 times the risk of dying. This same vulnerable group of 1. to 4-year olds could be identified without knowing their age. Limiting the analysis to children whose heights were between 65 and 89 cm resulted in relative risks, for the three categories, of 4.1, 1.6, and 1.0, respectively. These arm circumference to height categories and the QUAC stick survey technique for which they were devised appear to be valid tools for identifying nutritionally disadvantaged individuals and populations at high risk of death. PMID- 1119425 TI - Fiber deficiency and colonic disorders. PMID- 1119426 TI - Letters to the editor: Relative weights in different populations. PMID- 1119427 TI - Letter: In vitro binding of bile acids and bile salts. PMID- 1119428 TI - Letter: Role of Land-Grant Institutions in applied human nutrition. PMID- 1119429 TI - Nitrogen retention and plasma amino acids of men who consumed isonitrogenous diets containing egg albumen or mixtures of amino acids. AB - Experimental diets that furnished approximately 6.0 g of nitrogen per day were consumed by young men. Nitrogen retention was not altered significantly when egg albumen was replaced by its constituent essential and nonessential amino acids or by the essential amino acids (including cystine, tyrosine and histidine) plus a source of nonspecific nitrogen. Concentrations of essential amino acids in fasting or postprandial plasma were not influenced significantly by source of amino acids or by replacement of nonessential amino acids by nonspecific nitrogen; but concentrations of certain nonessential amino acids were altered by treatment. Responses to an elemental diet or to a similar diet in which egg albumen replaced the amino acid mixture did not differ significantly. PMID- 1119430 TI - Plasma amino acid pattern in pellagra. AB - Plasma free amino acid levels were determined in subjects suffering from pellagra and compared with levels observed in normal subjects of both low and high socioeconomic groups. In pellagrins, a wide variation was seen in the plasma levels of tryptophan and these levels overlapped considerably with those in the low socioeconomic group controls. Administration of 5 g L-leucine daily for 5 days to normal subjects belonging to the low socioeconomic group did not affect the plasma tryptophan levels. These data suggest that the pellagragenic action of leucine is not mediated through changes in circulating levels of tryptophan. They also indicate that a low level of plasma tryptophan per se may not be a reliable biochemical indicator in the diagnosis of pellagra. PMID- 1119431 TI - Effect of ethynodiol diacetate and mestranol on serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels and on tryptophan metabolism in baboons. AB - The effect of an oral contraceptive agent on serum folate and vitamin B12 levels and on some aspects of tryptophan metabolism in the baboon has been investigated. Folate levels were not affected by this treatment. Vitamin B12 levels were lowered during oral contraceptive treatment (P smaller than 0.1) and increased during a 30-day period of pyridoxine supplementation (P smaller than 0.01). Trends indicating deterioration of glucose tolerance and abnormal tryptophan metabolism were also observed. Definite conclusions concerning the effect of oral contraceptive agents on nutritive parameters could not be made. This is in keeping with the vast volume of literature published on the effects of oral contraceptive agents in humans and other species. It is concluded that perhaps, due to the biologically variable responses to oral contraceptive agents by individuals of any species, studies of serum levels of vitamins and other superficial biochemical parameters. Further, we conclude that the baboon could be a useful model for the study of endocrine influences on nutritive parameters, first because endocrine parameters resemble those of humans and second, because experimental protocols can be rigidly adhered to. PMID- 1119432 TI - Dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of folate in healthy adolescents. AB - Dietary intakes of folate and concentrations of plasma folate were obtained from healthy adolescents of families having low or high income. Results were tested statistically in relation to ages and to sex maturity ratings of the subjects. Maturity was a significant factor and age was not. Boys had higher dietary intakes of folate than girls, and family income was not significant. Low folate intakes are in general attributed to incomplete tables of folate content of foods and suggest a need for revision of existing standards. Plasma folate concentrations were higher in girls than in boys at all maturity ratings but both sexes showed decreasing concentrations as they became more mature. The paradox of increased dietary intake associated with decreased plasma folate concentration reflects increased need of folate for cellular manufacture associated with adolescent growth, particularly in boys. Plasma folate concentrations were subnormal in 9.4 percent of boys and 4.7 percent of girls from low-income families. Girls of higher income families had higher plasma folate due to their taking nonprescribed vitamin preparations containing folic acid. Family income did not affect dietary intakes but, either income or cultural pattern indirectly affected plasma folate concentrations. The study demonstrates the value of relating nutritional investigations to maturity ratings. PMID- 1119433 TI - Effects of oral contraceptive steroids on vitamin and lipid levels in serum. AB - The results of a comprehensive study to determine the effects of oral contraceptive agents on nutrient metabolism have been reported. The group of women using oral contraceptive agents was found to have significantly higher levels of hemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum vitamin A, total lipids, triglycerides, vitamin E, and alpha1-protein and significantly lower levels of serum and red cell folacin, vitamin B12 and albumin. The biological significance of many of these differences has not been elucidated satisfactorily. PMID- 1119434 TI - Effect of oral contraceptive agents on nutrients: I. Minerals. AB - The epidemiological aspects of oral contraceptive agents on nutrient metabolism were studied in a large population of women. Incidence of clinical abnormalities, related to malnutrition, were more frequently observed in the lower (B) as compared to the higher (A) socioeconomic groups. In the A groups some clinical signs were more common in the nonsupplemented groups of subjects. In general, the intake of oral contraceptive agent subjects for calories, protein, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc did not differ from the controls. The intake of the above nutrients in group A subjects were higher than those of group B except for calories. The subjects who took supplements had higher intakes of calcium, iron, magnesium and copper. No effect of oral contraceptive agents was seen on hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte count. Serum iron was increased due to "Norinyl." Total iron binding capacity was increased as a result of oral contraceptive agent administration. Total iron binding capacity values were higher in group B as compared to group A and in the nonsupplemented as compared to the supplemented groups. Plasma copper was increased and plasma zinc was decreased as a result of oral contraceptive agent administration. An increase in erythrocyte zinc was observed due to "Norinyl." No effect of oral contraceptive agents on plasma calcium, magnesium and erythrocyte magnesium was observed. Although no effect of oral contraceptive agents on plasma total protein was found, serum albumin was decreased. PMID- 1119435 TI - Effect of oral contraceptive agents on the metabolism of some trace minerals. AB - Biochemical and metabolic alterations noted in women taking the oral contraceptive agents have included changes in blood levels of some trace minerals. Only a few of these, namely, iron, copper and zinc, have been studied. This paper intends to review the changes reported and outline the beginning of a series of studies to attempt to determine whether there is any metabolic significance to these alterations. The alterations reported in blood levels are generally believed to be related in large measure to alterations in levels of specific "transport" proteins induced primarily by estrogen. The significance of these changes is generally unknown, however, they involve slight elevations in serum iron and copper and possibly a reduction in serum zinc, although these are not as clear-cut as those of the other two trace minerals. In an attempt to determine whether any metabolic significance could be attributed to these changes, several studies have been instituted. The first, reported in this paper, consisted of a metabolic study on a group of seven women aged 18-32 who had been taking oral contraceptives for at least 3 years. The subjects were studied over four metabolic periods for a total length of 116 days. They were studied in a random fashion, generally 2 months on and 2 months off the pill, although this varied slightly. The subjects were fed a controlled formula diet throughout this study and vitamins and trace minerals, other than copper, iron and zinc, were given orally in capsules. A trace mineral solution was administered so that the total daily iron, copper and zinc could be fed in four equal feedings per day with the formula. Measurements consisted of studies of the blood levels of the trace minerals as well as their binding proteins, various indices of blood chemistry to assess health, hematological indices and total balance studies for each of the trace minerals and nitrogen. The balance studies included not only urine and fecal loss but also skin, menstrual and hair losers. Preliminary results are discussed as well as the formidable problems involved in trace mineral studies in humans. These problems are not only related to contamination but also are analytic in nature. PMID- 1119436 TI - Relationship between levels of blood lipids, vitamins C, A, and E, serum copper compounds, and urinary excretions of tryptophan metabolites in women taking oral contraceptive therapy. AB - To evaluate which women using oral contraceptive agents might be at risk, biochemical indices known to be affected by the estrogens and progestogens were studied in women who take oral contraceptive agents, in women who do not use oral contraceptive agents, in women in third trimester of pregnancy and 6 weeks after parturition, and in men with normal and high blood lipid levels. The most consistent changes due to oral contraceptive agents were in serum levels of copper, triglycerides, and vitamin A and in the urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid and niacin derivatives before and after a tryptophan load test. There was only a slight suggestion, with no statistical significance, that serum vitamin C levels decreased when the serum levels of ceruloplasmin were high. The highest blood pressures and serum triglycerides and vitamin A levels were obtained in those women who ingested the highest level of estrogens. Pregnant women had the lowest levels of serum vitamin A. The oral contraceptive agents users had the lowest average levels of carotenoids corresponding to the highest average levels of vitamin A in the serum. Thus, estrogens not only increase the rate of change of tryptophan to niacin but may also increase the rate of conversion of carotene to vitamin A. Relative reactivity to oral contraceptive agents and possible risk to a patient might be evaluated by a profile of blood pressure and serum triglycerides, copper, and vitamin A. PMID- 1119437 TI - Telemetric ECG data (biorhythms) in operations with acupuncture analgesia in the People's Republic of China. AB - During seven operations with acupuncture analgesia in the People's Republic of China, recordings were made with a self-developed device for telemetric transmittance of the ECG. Among others, the amplitude of the QRS complex as well as the period of time between two cardiac cycles were electronically measured and registered for evaluation. Through comparison of the values from China with our own material, the following statements can be made: (1) All patients were in conditions ranging from restlessness and slight excitation to weariness and drowsiness. A condition similar to narcosis must be excluded. (2) In a large number of cases a preoperatively performed strong psychological sedation through pharmacological agents can be excluded with certainty. (3) The massive reaction to events such as the cleansing of the operative field refutes-at least partly our concept of "Asiatic indifference". (4) Acupuncture cannot depress reflexes. (5) Finally, the hypothesis that acupuncture has a stabilizing effect on the circulation is invalid. PMID- 1119438 TI - Ryodoraku therapy for migraine headache. AB - The authors discuss Ryodoraku electric acupuncture therapy in detail in Part I. The results of the treatment of migraine headache (20 cases) by Ryodoraku therapy were investigated in part II. In the present study 15 out of 20 patients achieved good to excellent responses to this type of therapy. PMID- 1119440 TI - Massage therapy in classical Chinese physical medicine. PMID- 1119439 TI - Acupuncture for chronic pain--a small pilot project. AB - A prelminiary report is presented on the results of a small pilot project utilizing acupuncture in the management of chronic painful conditions. Problems associated with patient selection and evaluation are outlined along with a suggested future mechanism for triage and assessment. A description is given of the early clinical results of this pilot project. PMID- 1119441 TI - Effects of procedural variations on the activity of aminoglycosides in vitro. AB - Am J Clin Pathol 63:438-445, 1975. The effects of procedural variations on the activities of gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, kanamycin, and amikacin in vitro were evaluated using 134 clinical isolates. In broth dilution studies, a change in assay medium from brain-heart infusion broth to Mueller-Hinton broth resulted in significant changes in minimal inhibitory concentrations in 36% (242 of 670) of assays. A change in the bacterial population size utilized in broth dilution studies resulted in significant changes in minimal inhibitory concentrations in 34% (155 of 456) of assays. These variations in activities appeared to depend more on the organism tested than on the particular aminoglycoside used; with strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, and Providenica being most affected. For all five aminoglycosides, minimal inhibitory concentrations determined by broth dilution, regardless of medium, showed poor correlation with zone sizes obtained by the Bauer-Kirby technic. These results suggest that unless some standard assay procedure for activity of aminoglycosides is adopted, meaningful comparison of results within and among laboratories will not be possible. PMID- 1119442 TI - A case of hartmannellid amebic meningoencephalitis in Zambia. AB - A case of amebic meningoencephalitis recognized in an adult Zambian is described. This is the first authenticated case from Africa. The morphologic features of the organism, its ability to form cysts in tissue, and the granulomatous tissue response denote that the ameba is an hartmannellid rather than a Naegleria. Free living amebas of the family Hartmannellidae have not been incriminated before as a cause of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in man. To our knowledge this is the only case where such an ameba was responsible for fulminating meningoencephalitis. The presence of the amebas in a cellulocutaneous abdominal lesion suggests hematogenous dissemination. PMID- 1119443 TI - Spinal fluid cytology during chemotherapy of leukemia of the central nervous system in children. AB - During a two-year period 170 children were treated for leukemia. Forty-seven per cent had clinical and cytologic evidence of central nervous system involvement. Of these, 38 patients had repeated cytologic examinations of the spinal fluid and were suitable for a study of changes that occurred during the course of their disease and treatment. A total of 112 cytologyc specimens from the 38 patients over a period of 8 to 60 months was reviewed. There was accurate correlation between cytologic evidence of leukemia in the spinal fluid, clinical signs and symptoms of central nervous system disease, and autopsy evidence of meningeal leukemia, though the number of cells present did not predict the severity of clinical disease or extent of meningeal infiltrate. Almost every patient with leukemic cells in the spinal fluid had a corresponding leukemia infiltrate in the bone marrow, but not in peripheral blood. The differential diagnosis of leukemia in spinal fluid cytology is discussed and the clinical response to intrathecal chemotherapy correlated with cytologic findings. Serial cytologic observations during treatment, and the phenomenon of autonomous CNS leukemia, are discussed in terms of cell cycle physiology and chemotherapy. The results stress the usefulness of spinal fluid cytology as a screening procedure in asymptomatic patients with leukemia and are of interest in regard to the pathophysiology of leukemia of the central nervous system. PMID- 1119444 TI - Results of the 1972 CAP/NBS study of radionuclide measurements. AB - In 1972 a pilot study was carried out to evaluate radioactivity assay procedures for in-vivo administration in nuclear medicine. The plan was to determine the accuracy with which a measured quantity of radioactivity can be administered to a patient. Delivered samples were returned to the National Bureau of Standards by 33 participants. The activity values of 47% of the participants were within plus or minus 10% and 81% were within plus or minus 20% of the activity value of the samples subsequently measured by the National Bureau of Standards. The analysis of the variability indicated that many of the difficulties encountered by the participants were due to two factors outside their control: differences in assay values of chromium-51 between radiopharmaceutical companies and poor calibration or instruction by the manufacturers of dose calibrators. PMID- 1119445 TI - Hemoglobin A2 level. A proposed test for confirming the diagnosis of iron deficiency. AB - The absolute hemoglobin A2 concentration in mg. per 100 ml. of blood was calculated from the hemoglobin level in Gm. per 100 ml. and hemoglobin A2 percentage for 38 patients with documented iron deficiency, 37 patients with proven beta-thalassemia minor, 26 patients with simple chronic anemia and 40 normal control laboratory workers. The mean hemoglobin A2 concentration (mg. per 100 ml.) in the control group was 459 plus or minus 60 (2 S.D.) and that in the beta-thalassemia group, 766 plus or minus 99. However, in the iron deficiency group it was 229 plus or minus 58, while in the simple chronic anemia group it was 315 plus or minus 39. The mean corpuscular volume (M.C.V.) in cu. mu was 90 plus or minus 8 (2 S.D.) in the normal controls, 68 plus or minus 10 in beta thalassemia, 69 plus or minus 9 in iron deficiency, and 90 plus or minus 15 in secondary anemia. It is proposed that the absolute hemoglobin A2 level in mg. per 100 ml. of blood taken in conjunction with the M.C.V. is of value in establishing the diagnosis of iron deficiency. PMID- 1119446 TI - Platelet morphology after aspirin. AB - Previous studies have revealed morphologic platelet abnormalities, particularly inclusions, in patients who have acute malarial infections. To determine the possible role of aspirin (ASA) in the etiology of these abnormalities, the thrombocytes of 14 normal men were examined before and after ingestion of 2 Gm. of ASA. A significant decrease in platelet size was noticed after ASA: however, no ultrastructural alteration of these circulating platelets was found, although functional impairment was manifested in vivo (bleeding time) and in vitro (aggregation). It is concluded that inclusions and other morphologic abnormalities in thrombocytes of malaria patients are not caused by aspirin ingestion. PMID- 1119447 TI - Spontaneous platelet aggregation. Occurrence in an asymptomatic individual. AB - Spontaneous platelet aggregation in an asymptomatic individual is described. The platelet-poor plasma of the subject greatly enhanced the response of normal platelet-rich plasma to adenosine diphosphate. The spontaneous platelet aggregation was easily inhibited by aspirin. PMID- 1119448 TI - Evaluation of hepatitis B antigen testing in federally licensed blood banks in the United States. AB - Between August 1972 and January 1974, the Burear of Biologics distributed four panels of 20 coded serum samples to all federally licensed blood banks for hepatitis B antigen testing. Initially, all but six blood banks reported results by counterelectrophoresis (CEP) only, but by January 1974, 152 of 247 banks reported results by radioimmunoassay (RIA). On the four panels distributed, correct results were reported for 63 to 83% of all potentially detectable samples by CEP and for 98 to 100% of all samples potentially detectable by RIA. Perfect scores were obtained by only 5 to 25% of blood banks using CEP but by 77 to 100% using RIA. Nonreproducible results on duplicate reactive samples, included to evaluate internal consistency, ranged from 0.5 to 25% by CEP and from zero to 5% by RIA. These results demonstrate greater reliability in addition to greater sensitivity of "third generation" RIA testing in comparison with "second generation" CEP testing. PMID- 1119449 TI - Letter: Rheumatoid arthritis latex kits. PMID- 1119450 TI - Letter: Error in electronic volume measurement of injured cells. PMID- 1119451 TI - Letter: Haemophilus parahaemolyticus and acute pharyngitis. PMID- 1119452 TI - Letter: Inhibitor to blood coagulation elicited by thrombin. PMID- 1119453 TI - Iron deficiency and infection: fact or fable? PMID- 1119454 TI - Optic nerve hypoplasia with hypopituitarism. Septo-optic dysplasia with hypopituitarism. AB - Four children had optic nerve hypoplasia with hypopituitarism, and their clinical picture varied with age. The newborn had apnea, hypotonia, seizures, hyopglycemia, and prolong jaundice. The young infant had defective vision, behavioral delay, hypotonia, and seizures. Except for a mildly receding lower jaw and a high-arched palate, the appearance of the patients was not unusual. The fasting blood glucose level was mildly depressed. In two cases the liver was palpable and results of liver function tests were abnormal. The older child, who was blind and mentally retarded, had growth failure. The extent of the pituitary hormone deficiencies was variable, including diabetes insipidus. The septum pellucidum was not invariably absent. Clinical and pathological findings indicate that the brain lesion might be more diffuse than hitherto recognized. Early recognition of this syndrome and timely intervention might diminish serious sequels. PMID- 1119455 TI - Bacterial endocarditis in children under 2 years of age. AB - The risk of bacterial endocarditis in infants with bacterial sepsis was assessed by review of clinical and autopsy records (1930 to 1972). There were 12 cases of bacterial endocarditis among 847 patients (1.4%) dying with bacterial sepis; a single survivor was noted during the entire period. Of the 12 autopsy patients, six had underlying congenital heart disease (CHD). Among 61 patients with bacterial sepsis associated with CHD, six acquired bacterial endocarditis (10%), whereas in 786 infants with sepsis but without underlying heart disease, only six developed bacterial endocarditis (0.8%) (P less than .01). There is a high mortality in infants with bacterial endocarditis, and an increased risk of it in infants with sepsis and CHD. PMID- 1119456 TI - The school health team and school health physician: new role and operation. AB - A new concept of school health redefines the school physician's role as dealing primarily with behavior and learning disorders in children. It is an on-site operation, using a multidisciplinary team of professionals. We outlined internal team operations, as well as modes of remediation. Many types of behavior and learning problems were seen by our school health team during the first year of operation. It is important to recognize the multiplicity of diagnoses on individual elementary school children, as well as the differentiation of early organics from late functional primary causes. We need to reassess the delivery of school health care. The expansion of school health to include the multidisciplinary team approach to behavior and learning problem is a primary priority. We suggest using outside medical agencies for periodic physical illness. PMID- 1119457 TI - Absence of intravascular coagulation in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. AB - Four patients had clinical manifestations of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. No evidence of active intravascular coagulation was found during the acute phase of the illness, using a sensitive assay to measure soluble circulating fibrin in the plasma of these patients, three of whom developed the clinical syndrome while hospitalized for gastro-enteritis. These findings, coupled with the findings of others, suggest that either the episode of intravascular coagulation precedes the development of the clinical manifestations, or that platelet thrombosis is occurring in the absence of activation of plasma clotting factors. In any case, heparin anticoagulant therapy does not seem indicated. PMID- 1119458 TI - Picture of the month. Acrocephalosyndactyly type Saethre-Chotzen (Saethre-Chotzen syndrome). PMID- 1119459 TI - Recurrent hyperosmolar nonketotic episodes in a young diabetic. AB - A 15-month-old girl was successfully treated for substantial hyperosmolarity in the absence of ketosis at the onset of permanent insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus. Hypotonic solutions containing small amounts of glucose and subcutaneous administration of low doses of insulin were empolyed. Potassium was added to the hydrating solutions during the second hour of treatment. In the next three months, two recurrences of this syndrome were verified and successfully treated in a similar manner. PMID- 1119460 TI - Pneumatosis coli in cystic fibrosis: clinical, radiological, and pathological features. PMID- 1119461 TI - Lack of abnormalities in a newborn exposed to amphetamine during gestation. PMID- 1119463 TI - Letter: Changes in attitude toward family planning. PMID- 1119462 TI - Heel cord shortening with ganglioneuroblastoma. PMID- 1119464 TI - Letter: Critical weight at menarche. PMID- 1119465 TI - Letter: Cause of respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 1119466 TI - An endoscopic method for recording DC potentials in the upper gastrointestinal tract. AB - An endoscopic sensing electrode for measuiring mucosal potential differences along the duodenum, stomach and esophagus is described. Potential profiles were plotted for 31 humans. The profiles of 11 patients with documented carcinoma differed in shape from the profiles of 20 reference subjects with no such documentiation. The profiles of all the reference subjects demonstrated a distinct concave shape with a single pronounced dip. On the other hand, carcinoma profiles did not manifest such a dip but were flattened out and/or manifested an undulatory trend. PMID- 1119467 TI - Dispersion analysis of prognostic and relapsing factors of duodenal ulcer by use of electron computer. AB - Among 192 cases of duodenal ulcers and ulcer scars, which were endoscopically observed in the last three years, complete healing was observed in 109 cases. Study of the data in these cases by computer indicates that the healing tendency of duodenal ulcer is poorer with advancing age. It is less in a linear ulcer than in a round or irregularly shaped one and worse in an ulcer without marginal swelling than in one with it. Shape, number, distribution of lesions and degree of radiological deformity of duodenal cap are of no use in prognosis. Ulcer scars with redness or converged folds, however, are apt to relapse. PMID- 1119468 TI - Atropine and exocrine pancreatic secretion in alcohol-fed dogs. AB - In dogs provided with chroinic pancreatic and gastric fistulas (Thomas canula), one of them vagotomized and alcohol-fed for 17 months with 50% (v/v) intragastric ethanol (0.2gm./kg.), an atropine perfusion (1.0 mg./hr.) superimposed on a continuous i.v. injection of secretion (GIH, 1.0 CU./kg./hr.) and CCK (GIH, Crick, Harper 3.0 U./kg./hr) prevents the excitatory effects on pancreatic secretion of an acute i.v. ethanol infusion (1.3 gm./kg.). In alcohol-fed dogs, the i.v. ehtanol-induced excitatory effect on 'pancreon' is exerted through a cholinergic mechanism, elicited at the hypothalamic bulbar centers and/or the intrapancreatic ganglia. PMID- 1119469 TI - Tuberculous enteritis. Review of a protean disease. AB - Prior to the advent of antituberculosis drugs, at least 70% of patients with far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis had tuberculous enteritis. Despite the effectiveness of drug therapy, overt cases of tuberculous enteritis occur in the United States and particularly among immigrants from endemic areas. Clinicians often forget to consider this entity. The patient may have no or minimal abdominal complaints. Vague abdominal distress, anorexia and weight loss can be overlooked because of the extensive pulmonary exudative or cavitary disease. Even after an enteric lesion is identified, often it is mistaken for other entities, particularly neoplasm or Crohn's disease. Obviously, the diagnosis is difficult but certain radiological criteria can be indicative of the disease. This report demonstrates the protean manifestations of this entity, the complications which occur despite drug therapy and the need for continued awareness of its existence. PMID- 1119470 TI - Ileocecal tuberculosis. AB - Three cases of ileocecal tuberculosis are presented with a review of pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. Emphasis is placed upon preoperative suspicion and the indications for resectional surgery in combination with antituberculous drugs in the management of the patients. PMID- 1119471 TI - Malignant tumors associated with granulomatous enterocolitis. AB - Three cases of malignant tumor associated with Crohn's disease of the large intestine are reported. The reasons for a low incidence of carcinoma associated with Crohn's disease have been postulated. PMID- 1119472 TI - Intrahepatic choledochal cyst. PMID- 1119473 TI - Silent acute pancreatitis with encephalomalacia mimicking hepatic coma. AB - A very rare case of acute pancreatitis with concurrent encephalomalacia and ascites mimicking hepatic coma is described. The possibliity that the pancreatitis was caused by the administration of chlorothiazide in a diabetic patient is suggested as possible etiology. It is emphasized that when a cirrhotic patient develops coma, the possibility of painless,silent pancreatitis with encephalomalacia as well as hepatic coma should be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 1119474 TI - The radiology corner. Anorectal melanoma. AB - A case of malignant anorectal melanoma is presented together with a short review of the literature. The lesion arises from the melanocytes normally present within the squamous epithelium of the anal canal. It presents as a small polypoid tumor and spreads rapidly into rectum, perirectal tissues, pelvic and inguinal nodes. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sessile lesions located or involving the anal canal. PMID- 1119475 TI - The radiologic diagnosis of spontaneous mesenteric venous thrombosis. AB - Spontaneous mesenteric venous thrombosis is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that typically presents as abdominal pain of obscure origin. Pathologically, thrombosis of multiple small tributaries of the superior mesenteric vein causes segmental congestion, edema, hemorrhage and ultimately mucosal necrosis. Characteristic radiologic changes were found in 10 of 12 cases. PMID- 1119476 TI - The double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examination in the Japanese style. AB - An experience with over 2,000 Japanese-style double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examinations is presented. Results indicate that, in combination with the conventional single-contrast films, the double-contrast examination of the stomach greatly increased the yield and accuracy of the radiographic procedure. The double-contrast study appears to have particular applicability in detecting lesions which do not greatly elevate or depress the surface of the stomach, such as early carcinomas, shallow ulcers, ulcer scars, small polyps and other similar mucosal abnormalities. PMID- 1119477 TI - Electromyography of the sphincter of Oddi. Technic and experimental results in the rabbit: Effect of certain drugs. AB - Electromyographic activity of the sphincter of Oddi was recorded by means of bipolar suction electrodes applied to the rabbit, in which the sphincter of Oddi is easily identifiable and independent of the duodenal musculature. Seventy animals were investigated (20 in vitro and 50 in vivo). The bile duct was catheterized so that the pressure could be recorded. The sphincteric traces show basal activity consisting of bursts of 1-8 spike potentials which recur every 3-5 seconds on average and are accompanied by a transient rise in biliary pressure. The patterns are different from those recorded for the duodenum, the activity of which does not affect biliary pressure. On the basis of these findings, it can be asserted that the sphincter of Oddi plays a part in biliary flow apart from any duodenal muscular action. This method has made it possible to study the behavior of the sphincter of Oddi under the influence of certain physical agents or drugs. Within certain limits, the frequency and amplitude of the spike potentials increase with temperature and the rise in biliary perfusion pressure. Acetylcholine, prostigmin and morphine hydrochloride increase the frequency and amplitude of the spike potentials and shorten the resting intervals. Inhaled amyl nitrite and intravenous hexamethonium reduce electrical activity. The depressant effect of atropine is much less marked in the rabbit. Intravenous administration of alcohol results in a substantial increase in the electrical activity of the sphincter and in biliary pressure. This effect is reduced by vagotomy and suppressed by hexamethonium. PMID- 1119478 TI - Gastrointestinal leiomyomas. AB - An exogastric asymptomatic leiomyoma and a ileal leiomyoma presenting as an intussusception are reported on account of rarity. The diagnostic problem involved are discussed with a short review of the literature. PMID- 1119479 TI - Constipation of prolonged duration. AB - A case is reported of a 19-year old man who went periods of four and a half and four months without a bowel movement and who experienced no distress throughout these periods except for late appearing abdominal cramps. PMID- 1119480 TI - The Radiology Corner. Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis, roentgenographic, clinical and pathological correlation. AB - Five cases with gastrointestinal histoplasmosis are presented. Gastrointestinal involvement is moderately frequent during the hematogenous dissemination of histoplasmosis. Depending on the underlying pathological changes, six roentgenographic patterns can be identified: 1. malabsorptive; 2. ulcerative; 3. polypoid; 4. granulomatous; 5. tumefactive and 6. compressive. Perforation, hemorrhage, obstruction and erroneous diagnosis for ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or carcinoma are the major complications. Histoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases presenting with a malabsorption pattern, gastrointestinal polyposis, ulcerative and granulomatous gastrointestinal diseases and carcinoma, particularly if pulmonary lesions co exist. PMID- 1119481 TI - Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in North America in 1971: vertebrate field studies. AB - Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in North America in 1971: vertebrate field studies. Am J Epidemiol 101:36-50, 1975.-In June 1971, epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) invaded the lower Rio Grande Valley in south Texas. The Boca Chica area of Cameron County was selected as a study site to investigate vertebrate involvement in the natural cycle of epidemic VEE on the basis of considerable evidence of VEE virus activity there in equines, humans, and mosquito vectors. Only one VEE virus isolation was made from 4739 wild and domestic non-equine vertebrates, although numerous equine and human VEE virus isolations were made in concurrent studies. Serologic studies indicated that VEE virus activity was far greater in large domestic animals than in wild birds, wild mammals, or reptiles. Apparently epidemic VEE virus failed to establish itself in a wild vertebrate cycle in south Texas, since VEE antibody was found only in rabbits in 1972. Eventual cessation of VEE transmission in south Texas has been attributed 1) to the elimination of equines as a source of VEE virus by death, naturally acquired antibodies, or vaccination, 2) to quarantines, 3) to mosquito control, and 4) to the failure of epidemic VEE virus to become established in the wild vertebrate population. Equines emerge as the most important vertebrate host in the amplification and spread of virus during an epidemic of VEE. PMID- 1119483 TI - Interviewer effect on responses to a questionnaire relating to mood. AB - A community mental health assessment questionnaire relating largely to depressed mood was administered during 1972 to 1,212 respondents in Washington County, MD, by six interviewers. Analysis of 15 psycho-social tests showed that responses obtained by one interviewer differed significantly from responses obtained the other five. Suggestions for minimizing interviewer effects include 1) selection of interviewers with similar characteristics and backgrounds; 2) adequate training and periodic field assessment of interviewer performance; 3) simplification of questions and reduction in the number of possible responses per question; and 4) allocation of various types of subjects to interviewers as uniformly as possible. PMID- 1119482 TI - Epidemiology of hepatitis B in hospital personnel. AB - To identify occupational categories and work areas of possible risk for acquisition of nosocomial hepatitis B by hospital personnel, serologic sampling for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (anti-HBS) by radioimmunoassay was carried out in 513 employees of a large metropolitan hospital serving predominantly indigent patients. HBSAg was detected in 0.7%, HBSAg and anti-HBS in 0.4%, and anti-HBS in 13.3% of the study population. No significant difference in seropositivity was noted between sexes. Furthermore, neither exposure to patients with hapatitis nor previous blood transfusion correlated with serologic evidence of hepatitis B infection. However, frequency and intensity of exposure to blood products was associated with serologic evidence of infection: 18.9% of those with frequent blood contact were positive for HBSAg or anti-HBS, compared with 11.4% of those without blood product exposure (p less than .05). Direct patient contact, apart from blood exposure, did not appear operative as a major factor in hepatitis B transmission in this population. Accordingly, occupational categories and work areas with highest risk for acquisition of nosocomial hepatitis B were those with greatest blood exposure. PMID- 1119484 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency with onset of symptoms after one spontaneous pregnancy. AB - A case of adrenogenital syndrome due to 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency is described in a mother, 25 years of age, who had experienced a successful pregnancy 5 years previously. At that time no abnormality had been suspected and pregnancy was achieved without therapy. Subsequently the patient was examined because of secondary sterility. The menstrual cycles were anovulatory. Only slight virilization was observed and blood pressure was normal. Diagnosis was based on the observation of highly increased urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-ketogenic steroids, with especially high excretion of tetrahydro-11 deoxycortisol. Following suppression with dexamethasone and adequate maintenance treatment, the patient conceived and had an uneventful pregnancy. This is apparently the first report of pregnancy in adrenogenital syndrome due to 11beta hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 1119485 TI - Latent period, time to reach maximum effect, and disappearance of uterine contractility induced by desamino-oxytocin. AB - The effect of buccal desamino-oxytocin (CAO) upon uterine contractility was studied in pregnant women at term by recording the amniotic pressure. The DAO increased uterine activity and the intensity and frequency of the contractions; basal pressure did not vary. The time required to reach the maximum effect ranged between 57 and 106 minutes, whereas the time elapsed between the administration of the first tablet and the beginning of the increase of uterine activity ranged between 13 and 96 minutes. An inverse linear correlation between the percentage increase of uterine activity and the spontaneous uterine activity was observed. Ninety minutes after the suppression of DAO uterine activity remained above basal levels; uterine activity after DAO was found to be in direct linear correlation with stabilized utertine activity during DAO. PMID- 1119486 TI - The greatest show on earth. Presidential address. PMID- 1119487 TI - A conceptual model for regionalization and consolidation of obstetric-gynecologic services. AB - The regionalization and consolidation of obstetric-gynecologic services, especially maternity services, is a significant current trend in our specialty. The concepts of consolidation and regional organization are interdependent and interrelated, and the movement has received impetus from economic considerations as well as the needs for organizational efficiency. Regionalization and consolidation of services are also consistent with the stated goals of The American College of Obstetricans and Gynecologists which call for the assurance that adequate obstetric-gynecologic care is available to all women, through (1) solutions to the problems of maldistribution of personnel and facilities, and (2) reductions in health-care costs by the more efficient utilization of personnel and facilities. Activities in this field have been enhanced by the interests of such health-related entities as the National Foundation-March of Dimes and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in these studies. It is mandatory that progress in this activity be dictated by practical as well as theoretical considerations. A conceptual model for the organization of these developments will be presented with considerations of patient care and services, medical education (both continuing and residency), and research (including basic and clinical) as they apply to the model. PMID- 1119488 TI - Blood flow to the human uterus during maternal metabolic acidosis. AB - Uterine blood flow and metabolism were estimated at cesarean section under general anesthesia in pregnant women at term with the use of the Fick principle with nitrous oxide as the test material. Observations were made without superimposed maternal metabolic acidosis and during the infusion of ammonium chloride. Increasing maternal metabolic acidosis was accompanied by a decreasing rate of blood flow in the uterine circulation. There were no statistically significant differences in the metabolic rate of the uterus and its contents during maternal metabolic acidosis induced by the infusion of ammonium chloride. PMID- 1119489 TI - Is the obstetrician-gynecologist a specialist or primary physician to women? AB - In an attempt to answer the question, "Is the practicing obstetrician gynecologist a specialist or a primary physician to women?" 1,008 patients of 51 Michigan obstetrician-gynecologists were asked a series of questions concerning their health care. Forty-four per cent have no primary-care physician and 86 per cent see only their obstetrician-gynecologists for regular periodic examinations. Forty-one per cent reported that their obstetrician-gynecologists either had treated them for nongynecologic conditions or had decided that no treatment was necessary. The training and practice of obstetrician-gynecologists must be altered in view of the role they are assuming--that of primary physician to women. PMID- 1119490 TI - The effects of danazol on gonadotropins and steroid blood levels in normal and anovulatory women. AB - The effect of Danazol, a new gonadotropin inhibitor, was examined in four categories of patients. (1) Ten normal women medicated orally with Danazol, 800 mg. daily for 91 days, showed no depression of serum LH, estrone, estradiol, or progesterone below control, second-day levels. The serum FSH was slightly depressed; (2) Two anovulatory patients having elevated serum LH values were treated with Danazol, 400 to 800 mg. daily, for 1 to 3 days at midcycle. One patient repeatedly showed a temperature rise and LH flood within 24 hours of initial medication. Both had menstrual periods 7 to 9 days later. (3) Two normal midcycle ovulators were treated with 400 and 800 mg; of Danazol, respectively, for 1 day in the midfollicular phase and one apparently ovulated promptly prematurely. (4) Two patients having severe hot flushes following surgical menopause were treated with Danazol, 800 mg; daily, without reducing FSH or LH but with disappearance of hot flushes. PMID- 1119491 TI - Continuing education of obstetricians and gynecologists in fertility management. AB - One of the current fundamental problems in medicine is the massive quantity of new information that continues to develop and the requirement for the application of these data to good patient care. New techniques of merit need to be placed rapidly in the patient-care arena and the time lag between the steps from laboratory to clinic minimized. One approach to the achievement of the goal in fertility management is described in the following report; namely, a summary of the results of an education program in fertility management established in November, 1972, for the continued education of obstetricians and gynecologists from "developing countries". This report reviews the experience and data derived from the first 95 physicians completing a course in population dynamics. An estimate of the factual knowledge that these individual physicians possessed at the beginning of the course is compared with an estimate of the knowledge acquired within the 4 week training program. In a similar manner, an important part of this survey was a study of the attitudes of the clinical fellows in the areas of sex education, contraception, sterilization, and abortion. The results of this study suggest that newly developed techniques in clinical medicine may be taught to a specific and highly motivated group in an effective and efficient manner. The initial interest and response of physicians for admission to this program have demonstrated the need for the development of more similar educational programs. PMID- 1119492 TI - Angiogenesis of cervical neoplasia. AB - Recent studies concerning the role of an angiogenic factor in cancer have produced a renewed interest in vascular studies of the cervix. Colposcopic and histochemical vascular studies demonstrate changes in the vascular pattern of cervical neoplasia which progress from early dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. There is a restructuring of the terminal vascular network of the pre-existing columnar epithelium in noninvasive cervical neoplasia which is caused by compression of the capillaries by the epithelial proliferation. In contrast, neovascularization is observed in those cases of carcinoma in situ which will progress to invasive cancer. The position is taken that this process of neovascularization, which is recognized by the development of horizontal vessels, may be the direct effect of an angiogenic factor. Evidence is also presented that the initial vascular changes may precede the histopathologic criteria of cervical neoplasia. PMID- 1119493 TI - The surgical management of invasive cancer of the cervix in pregnancy. AB - During a 13 year period ending in July, 1974, 42 obstetric patients with a diagnosis of invasive carcinoma of the cervix were seen. Nine patients were treated with primary radiation therapy; 33 patients were treated with primary surgery. Total hysterectomy with partial vaginectomy was performed in seven patients with Stage I-A, and extensive abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 26 patients (14 with Stage I-A, nine with Stage I-B, and three with Stage II-A). Thirty-eight patients are alive and well from three months to 13 years following treatment. Extensive abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy can be done in selected obstetric patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix with an acceptable morbidity and cure rate. Normal ovaries left in place will continue to function normally. Seven patients with a conization diagnosis of Stage I-A had a planned delay in definitive treatment until delivery at term. PMID- 1119494 TI - Synthesis and use of affinity-labeling steroids for interceptive purposes. AB - Synthesis of 17 beta-bromoacetoxy-19-nortestosterone was carried out by reaction of 19-nortestosterone with bromoacetic acid in the presence of dicyclohexycarbodiimide. The steroid was capable of alkylating cysteine, methionine, and histidine under physiologic conditions, indicating its potential as an affinity-labeling steroid. 17beta-Bromoacetoxy-19-nortestosterone interrupted postimplantation pregnancy in the rat when administered into the lumen of the uterus at low doses or subcutaneously at higher doses. Exogenous gonadotropins or steroids in dosages sufficient to maintain pregnancy do not prevent the interceptive action of this steroid. Animals whose first pregnancies were interrupted by this steroid had a subsequent normal pregnancy. The mode of action may be via covalent bonding to the progesterone receptor resulting in exclusion of endogenous progesterone. PMID- 1119495 TI - Use of serum lutenizing hormone in the clinical management of short-term amenorrhea. AB - Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) values determined by radioimmunoassay can be of aid in evaluating patients with short-term amenorrhea. These values have proved useful in ruling out pregnancy in cases of hypothalamic amenorrhea and amenorrhea occuring during treatment with contraceptive pills and also in diagnosing early pregnancy after clomiphene therapy. PMID- 1119496 TI - The Pap smear: take two. AB - The results of two "pancervical" Pap smears taken sequentially at the same sitting were evaluated on 2,823 patients in a Family Planning Program as part of a national sample to evaluate abnormal cervical cytology and method of contraception. It was found that obtaining two smears increased the detection of abnormal cytology in these patients by 86 per cent. Every group participating in this national study found a large increase in sensitivity, though not to the degree noted in our population. The importance of this result for case-finding and subsequent rescreening procedures is evident, and emphasizes that the single "pancervical" Pap smear is an insensitive procedure for detecting abnormal cervical cytology. PMID- 1119498 TI - A computerized aid to Ball pelvimetry. AB - A computer program is presented that will generate a table of capacities and volumes for use with the Ball technique for cephalopelvimetry. The technique of Ball pelvimetry is reviewed and directions for use are described. This table may be produced on any medium or large-scale digital computer equipped with a FORTRAN compiler and a standard page printer. Its use eliminates many errors inherent in previous methods of volume computation. Physician acceptance has been excellent. PMID- 1119497 TI - A functional analysis of the myogenic control systems of the human Fallopian tube. AB - Electrical and mechanical activity of segments of isolated human Fallopian tubes was recorded with the use of extracellular pore electrodes and a transducer recording tension in the longitudinal axis. Electrical activity was regularly recorded in ampullar segments of tubes from premenopausal women and consisted usually of one spike apparently preceded by prepotentials associated with each contraction. These spikes were propagated at 2 to 9 mm. per second in either direction with equal velocity. The direction or velocity of propagation was not influenced by the hormonal status of the woman from whom the tube was derived. It was concluded that the myogenic system of the human Fallopian tube was organized on a symmetrical principle, any directionality being imposed by hormonal, neuronal, or other modulating systems in vivo. Stretch was able to enhance the excitability of this system. PMID- 1119499 TI - The safety of lincomycin in pregnancy. AB - The progeny of mothers treated with lincomycin during the first, second, or third trimester of their pregnancy were extensively evaluated at various periods extending to 7 years after birth. As compared to a control group (mothers not receiving lincomycin), the study group did not show any more developmental anomalies of the teeth, specific physical defects, general developmental anomalties, or late developing abnormalities in speech, emotional and mental make up, or ability to adjust to schooling, than would occur in the normal population. The relationship to clindamycin, a closely related derivative, and to antibiotic therapy during pregnancy is discussed. PMID- 1119500 TI - Pyridoxal phosphate and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. AB - Pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) concentrations in peripheral and cord blood obtained at the time of delivery were measured in 30 women. The average plasma concentration in nine women with normal pregnancy was 4.3 ng. per milliliter; in 10 women with pre-eclampsia, 3.3 ng. per milliliter; and in nonpregnant women, 17 ng. per milliliter. The average cord blood plasma concentration of normal infants was 28.4 ng. per milliliter, whereas that of infants of pre-eclamptic mothers was 12.2 ng. per milliliter. This twofold difference in the cord plasma concentrations was statistically significant (p smaller than 0.001). Pyridoxal phosphate concentrations in the infants' cord plasma were increased in all pregnancies studied by administration of pyridoxine either orally or intravenously. These findings together with other data, demonstrating (1) that B6 deficiency during pregnancy may lead to abnormal neurologic development in experimental animals and (2) that brain development in infants of toxemic mothers may be retarded, suggest that dietary supplementation with vitamin B6 should be instituted in women at high risk for development of toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 1119501 TI - Effect of regional analgesia on maternal oxygen consumption during the first stage of labor. AB - Oxygen consumption, tidal volume, and minute volume decreased in 20 patients during the first stage of labor after either epidural or paracervical block. The elimination of pain with optimum regional analgesia is associated with a decrease in tidal and minute volumes, apprehension, and consequently a decreased oxygen consumption. These factors may contribute to a decrease in maternal lactic acidosis during labor. PMID- 1119502 TI - Ultrasonography: its usefulness and reliability in early pregnancy. A review of 210 cases. AB - A total of 210 women who had ultrasonic examination done during early pregnancy, and whose final pregnancy outcome was known, were reviewed to assess the usefulness and reliability of the procedure. Ultrasonography was found to be diagnostic in 96.2 per cent of these cases, with the primary indication for its use being "assessment of pregnancy wellbeing." Multiple gestations, hydatidiform moles, and pelvic tumors associated with pregnancy were readily diagnosed and assessed in their early stages and the gestational age was correctly determined when dates were uncertain. PMID- 1119503 TI - Rubella vaccination: fertility control in a large-scale vaccination program for postpubertal women. AB - Despite nationwide immunization programs, rubella infections during pregnancy continue. To solve this serious health problem direct immunization of women of reproductive age may be required. On a clinic basis, using nonphysician personnel, we vaccinated 404 susceptible women, ages 18 to 33; half were sexually active. Since pregnancy is proscribed for 2 to 3 months following rubella vaccination, a full range of family-planning services and a variety of contraceptive methods were used to ensure sustained fertility control. Sixteen vaccinees presented with possible conceptions in a 3 month follow-up. Of these, only five required treatment: two received diethylstilbestrol, two had menstrual inductions, and one an abortion. Administration of vaccine during a menstrual period was effective in preventing inadvertent vaccination of pregnant women. It was concluded that contraceptive counseling with adequate pregnancy termination backup makes it feasible to give rubella vaccine to highly motivated women. PMID- 1119504 TI - Failure of insulin hypoglycemia to produce rise in serum prolactin. AB - Serum prolactin and growth hormone responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were measured in 5 normal individuals. While growth hormone rose appropriately in all subjects studied, serum prolactin levels did not significantly change despite the production of symptomatic hypoglycemia during testing. Prolactin response to insulin hypoglycemia is not a useful diagnostic test for prolactin secretion and cannot be used as such for assessment of pituitary reserve. PMID- 1119505 TI - Serum prolactin patterns in early human gestation. AB - The relation between levels of human prolactin (HPRL), other protein hromones, and estradiol in serum immediately prior to and for the first weeks after conception was determined. HPRL was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum samples obtained daily from these women during the menstrual cycle in which conception took place and for several weeks therafter. It was found that the concentration of HPRL initally increased above nonpregnant levels 32 to 36 days after the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak. The patterns of estradiol and HPRL were similar in early gestation, while there was no similarity between the patterns of HPRL and human placental lactogen. These results are in aggreement with other studies showing that high levels of estrogen influence HPRL secretion in the human subject. PMID- 1119506 TI - Tubal electrocoagulation under hysteroscopic control (three hundred and fifty cases). AB - Three hundred and fifty patients of the Family Planning Service of the Hospital De Gineco Obstetricia of the Medical Center at the Mexican Social Security Institute were treated by tubal electrocoagulation under hysteroscopic control. Our results in these patients are presented, with a follow-up period of between nine and 30 months after electrocoagulation. PMID- 1119507 TI - Twin breech delivery at term with hyperextension of the second fetus: a case report. PMID- 1119508 TI - Mesenteric and pancreatic lymphangioma presenting as a right adnexal mass. PMID- 1119509 TI - A hazard associated with the use of spiral fetal scalp electrodes. PMID- 1119511 TI - Hydatidiform mole and disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 1119510 TI - Acute hydrothorax as the only symptom of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. PMID- 1119512 TI - Letter: Correlation of human menstruation and lunar phase. PMID- 1119513 TI - Letter: Serum testosterone in the polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID- 1119514 TI - Letter: Lunar influence on human menstruation. PMID- 1119515 TI - Pressure gradient changes on the trabecular meshwork of monkeys. AB - The cellular lining of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal was anatomically different at different pressure levels. When the anterior chamber pressure rose above that of the canal, there was a marked increase in the number and size of the vacuoles present. At the same time the canal became smaller. When Schlemm's canal pressure exceeded that of the anterior chamber, the vacuoles decreased in size and number, and the canal enlarged. These findings were independent of postmortem artifacts. PMID- 1119516 TI - Bilateral recurrent acute retinal pigment epitheliitis. AB - Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis appears to be a specific discrete process of unknown etiology. It is generally unilateral but can be recurrent and can affect both eyes. Eyes in which the disease has run its course exhibit little or no unusual ophthalmoscopic or visual function abnormalities. The actue phase of the disease is localized to the macular area. The lesions are localized in the retinal pigment epithelium as shown by slit-lamp and contact-lens examination, the small lesions more or less surrounding the fovea. They vary from tiny grayish to black spots, which may become surrounded by a lighter halo. Fluroescein angiography is normal in acute phases but the halo-like areas may represent "window defects" with hyperfluorescence in later stages. PMID- 1119517 TI - Retinal pigment epithelium in incontinentia pigmenti. AB - An 18-month-old white girl with incontinentia pigmenti presented clinically with leukokoria of the right eye. B-scan ultrasound demonstrated a retrolental mass consistent with a detached retina. Histologic examination of the skin revealed changes compatible with the intermediate verrucous phase of the disease. Microscopic examination of the right eye showed retinal detachment and nodular proliferation of the retinal pigment epithelium. The nodules contained macrophages laden with melanin and lipofuscin. An unusually large amount of lipofuscin was present for a child of this age. The basic pigmentary abnormality may affect the retinal pigment epithelium, resulting in changes in the overlying neurosensory retina that may lead to the retinal dysplasia or retinal detachemnt often associated with this condition. PMID- 1119518 TI - Optic nerve glioma in an 18-month-old child. AB - An optic nerve glioma in an 18-month-old child was examined by both light and electron microscopy. The tumor revealed the characteristic features of uniform benign and fibrillary astrocytoma. Rosenthal fibers and calcium depostis were found within numerous intracellular glial processes. The above features indicated a slow-growing tumor of long duration, confirming the generally supported assumption of the congenital nature of optic nerve glioma. One unsuspected feature was the presence of fenestrated blood vessels. PMID- 1119519 TI - The survival and growth of microorganisms in mascara during use. AB - Over 150 mascaras representing eight popular brands were examined for their susceptibility to microbial contamination during their use by study group members. Additional mascaras from patients with symptoms and clinical findings of long-term blepharitis also were investigated. Early in the study, two brands without preservatives supported reproducing populations of microorganisms, including potential eye pathogens. These products, as currently manufactured, were recalcitrant to microbial attack. Microbes associated with the facial skin and fingers of the study group users were typically isolated from mascaras after use. Initial microorganisms isolated from mascaras were usually transients. Establishment of reproducing populations within the cosmetics appeared related to the number of uses, personal habits of the user, and the formulation of the product. Four patients with staphylococcal blepharitis and cosmetics heavily laden with Staphylococcus epidermidis showed marked clinical improvement when they stopped using the contaminated cosmetics. The application of used eye area makeup prior to and following ocular surgery should be avoided. PMID- 1119520 TI - Corneal alkali burns arising from accidental instillation of a hair straightener. AB - A patient sustained mild bilateral alkali burns of the cornea following ocular exposure to a commercial hair straightening preparation. This compound and three other products all had an alkaline pH which was not reduced to neutrality by the neutralizer provided. Corneal alkali burns similar to those seen in our patient were produced in experimental animals after brief exposure. Histologic changes were primarily limited to the cornea. The warning against ocular exposure printed on the containers or package insert is not sufficiently emphatic to protect the consumer. PMID- 1119521 TI - Ocular findings in patients with arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck. AB - The hospital charts of 71 patients with congenital arteriovenous malformation of the head or neck, excluding carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas, yiedled 25 patients, referred to the ophthalmology service for examination. Of these, 22 patients had ocular findings; additionally, 12 patients with visual complaints or ocular findings were not referred for ocular examination. Forty-seven percent of all patients had ocular signs and symptoms including subjective visual complaints, visual field loss, ophthalmic artery pressure changes, nystagmus and motility findings, orbital and ocular vascular abnormalities, and fundus changes including optic atrophy, hypoxic retinopathy, and papilledema. Every patient with known or suspected arteriovenous malformation of the head or neck should have a thorough ocular examination. The findings can generally be correlated with the anatomic location and size of the lesion. PMID- 1119522 TI - Nonfluorescent malignant melanoma of the choroid diagnosed with the radioactive phosphorus uptake test. AB - A 57-year-old white woman presented with a small malignant melanoma of the choroid in the macular area of the right eye. The lesion failed to produce a visual field defect or to show fluorescence with angiography, but the radioactive phosphorus uptake(P) test was positive. Histologically, the retinal pigment epithelium was intact over the tumor and the sensory retina was normal. This unusual finding was the most likely explanation for the normal visual field. The intact retinal pigment epithelium over this nonfluroescent melanoma suggests that the destruction of the retinal pigment epithelium occurring with most choroidal melanomas may partially explain why these tumors usually demonstrate fluorescence. This case emphasizes the great accuracy of the P test for diagnosing small malignant tumors of the choroid, even before other popular diagnostic modalities indicate the malignancy of the lesion. PMID- 1119523 TI - Effect of immunization with attenuated Mycobacterium bovis on experimental toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. AB - Administration of attenuated Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or BCG) provides nonspecific resistance to a variety of microbial infections and tumors. This is associated with a state of augmented immunologic responsiveness. Mustering defenses against intracellular parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, presents a special problem that can be met only by measures that alter the intracellular environment. Our study was designed to evaluate the effect of prior immunization of rabbits with BCG on experimental toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. One group of rabbits was immunized by the intravenous administration of BCG, another group by the retrobulbar injection of BCG, and a third group, unvaccinated, served as a control. Intravenous immunization provided significant protection against Toxoplasma organisms injected into the suprachoroidal space. In the immunized rabbits, the onset of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis was delayed and the severity of the disease reduced. Although Toxoplasma was isolated from the chorioretinal tissues of both BCG-immunized and control rabbits, Toxoplasma antibody was not (with one exception) detected in the sera of BCG-immunized rabbits. While vaccination by the retrobulbar route produced little or no effect, intravenous administration of BCG provided nonspecific resistance to Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in rabbits. PMID- 1119524 TI - Subretinal cysticercosis. AB - Subretinal cysticercosis was discovered in two South African Bantu-speaking blacks. A 50-year-old man had a live, mobile, subretinal cyst, 0.3 mm in diameter, at the macular of his only eye, causing retinal edema and superficial and deep hemorrhage. A 25-year-old woman had a 6-mm wide, live, mobile cyst at the posterior pole of her right eye, surrounded by retinal edema, hemorrhage, and vasculitis involving the disk. This cyst was removed intact, after division of the lateral rectus muscle and maximum rotation of the eye. Massive vitreous hemorrhage occurred despite diathermy application, and vision was lost. Localization and incision of the sclera were difficult; in retrospect, a lateral orbitotomy would have been advisable. Histology of the cyst showed typical features of the larva of Taenia solium-a single scolex with suckers and hooks gland-shaped folds in the neck and membrane of the cyst wall. PMID- 1119525 TI - A disposable vitreous cutter-aspirator with electronic vacuum control. AB - A sophisticated instrument system for performing vitreous surgery includes a disposable surgical tool, with all connecting tubing incorporated in a sterile template that is easy to assemble prior to surgery. The instrument console and foot switches provide all necessary surgical options, with a maximum degree of safety, for precise vitreous suction and infusion control with the disposable vitreophage or other available vitreous cutters. PMID- 1119526 TI - A coaxial electrode for intraocular diathermy. AB - A bipolar electrode was used in intraocular coagulation of vessels. This device was a useful adjunct for the coagulation of vessels in diabetic eyes undergoing vitrectomy. No surgical complications due to the diathermy occurred in the first six patients on whom the device was used. PMID- 1119527 TI - Iris retractor forceps for round pupil cryoextraction of cataracts. PMID- 1119528 TI - Letter: Expulsive hemorrhage. PMID- 1119529 TI - Letter: Aqueous humor lactic acid dehydrogenase in retinoblastoma. PMID- 1119530 TI - An accountability model for occupational therapy. AB - Clark recently challenged OTRs to investigate accountability theory. It is a topic which deserves attention. This paper describes briefly the nature of accountability theory and suggests how theory can be applied to occupational therapy practice. An accountability model based upon an education model is presented for occupational therapists who wish to design their own accountability plans. Examples are included to show how the model can be translated into operational terms. PMID- 1119531 TI - A pilot community program: training adult retardates for private enterprise. AB - This paper describes a community-based program for placing low-level retardates with no prior work experience or job training into work positions in private business and industry compatible with their needs and abilities. This paper also reports on the various problems and solutions encountered in the attempt to match the needs of employers, who experience rapid turnover and motivation problems of employees in routine work tasks, with the needs of low-level, nonworking, adult retardates who show potential for these types of jobs. PMID- 1119532 TI - Computers and occupational therapy. AB - The benefits and applications of computer science for occupational therapy are explored and a basic, functional description of the computer and computer programming is presented. Potential problems and advantages of computer utilization are compared and examples of existing computer systems in health fields are cited. Methods for successfully introducing computers are discussed. PMID- 1119533 TI - Model occupational therapy practice act. AB - The Model Occupational Therapy Practice Act has been assembled by the Government Affairs Department, American Occupational Therapy Association, for use as a guide by affilitate organizations concerned with developing legislation to regulate the practice of occupational therapy. The Model Act must be reviewed and carefully adapted to comply with state legislative requirements and practices. It must also be adapted to reflect the structure of state government of the particular state, and its particular administrative arrangements. The Model Ace leaves blanks,--, or indicates alternatives in brackets-[ ] in instances where further detail needs to be considered or where adaptations are especially necessary. PMID- 1119534 TI - Of children's games. PMID- 1119535 TI - Metabolic bone disease in chronic renal failure. I. Dialyzed uremics. AB - Garner and ball's point counting technic was used to compare metabolic bone disease in dialyzed and nondialyzed uremic patients. Histologic measurements of bone from dialyzed and nondialyzed uremic patients dying between 1966 and 1971 showed that dialyzed patients have quantitatively more severe bone resorption, distortion of trabecular architecture and mineralization defects. Mineralization defects become more severe as the duration of dialysis increases but are not related to serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Bone volume in both groups is normal or increased and in dialysis patients increases in proportion to the elevation of serum phosphorus. Mean serum phosphorus and calcium levels, bone volume, and volume: surface ratios all decreased in dialysis patients between 1966 and 1971, while bone resorption and mineralization defects did not change. These results suggest that lowering of serum phosphorus without increasing serum calcium may aggrevate the uremic bone disease by reducing bone volume without improvement of mineralization and resorption defects. PMID- 1119536 TI - Acute newcastle viral infection of the upper respiratory tract of the chicken. II. The effect of diets deficient in vitamin A on the pathogenesis of the infection. AB - Keratotic and squamous changes characteristic of vitamin A deficiency were minimal even in chicks which were malnourished and growth stunted and had no vitamin A in their diet. However, when these chicks were infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), keratotic changes appeared, most markedly in areas regenerating after infection. In chicks raised on full nutrient diets lacking only vitamin A, keratotic changes appeared in several areas of nasal mucosa but were absent from the mucosa of the inner (under) surface of the maxillary turbinate. Following NDV infection, such changes did appear in the inner lining epithelia. It is suggested that depletion of vitamin A causes regenerating epithelial cells to keratinize. Other effects of combined lack of vitamin A plus NDV infection were exhaustion of lymphoid cells from cranial bone marrow and exhaustion of lymphoid cell systems locally from the nose and paranasal glands. PMID- 1119537 TI - Adaptive changes in muscle fibers infected with Trichinella spiralis. AB - Ultrastructural changes which occurred in infected skeletal muscle fibers after infection with larvae of Trichinella spiralis were followed on a daily basis utilizing synchronous infections. No changes were observed in muscle fiber architecture during the first 2 days of intracellular infection. However, on Day 3, a space containing various sarcoplasmic elements developed between the plasma membrane and myofilaments. Widening near the regions of triads was also observed at this time. On Day 4 the space at the outer edge had increased, as did the ones at the triads. In addition, the myofilaments throughout the infected fiber were in a state of partial disarray. Finally, the nuclei were enlarged and had migrated to the central portion of the infected cytoplasm. On Day 5 day, sarcomeres were highly disorganized, and an increase in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was noted. By Day 8, only the extreme periphery of the infected fiber contained Z bands with actin filaments attached. Proliferation of the t tuble system was also evident. At Day 10, myofilaments were completely replaced with SR. Further, the plasma membrane became hyperinvoluted and was associated with a 36-fold increase in the thickness of the glycocalyx. No further enlargement of nuclei occurred after Day 10. Finally, a host-derived double membrane completely surrounded the larva. PMID- 1119538 TI - Lipid accumulation in smooth muscle cell lysosomes im primate atherosclerosis. AB - Cytochemical and ultrastructural examination of the developing atherosclerotic lesion in hypercholesterolemic rhesus monkeys reveals that lipid is sequestered within lysosomes of aortic smooth muscle cells. A common pathway in the development of sclerotic arterial disease appears to be overloading of vascular smooth muscle cell lysosomes with a variety of metabolites. This may occur as a consequence of an excess of substrate or because of a congenital deficiency of a lysosomal hydrolase. PMID- 1119539 TI - An ultrastructural study of nutritionally induced and reversed retinal degeneration in cats. AB - Kittens and adult cats fed a semipurified diet containing casein developed a retinal degeneration that initially involved photoreceptor outer segments in the area centralis. By electron microscopy, cone and rod outer segment lamellar discs could be seen to become vesiculated, frayed, disoriented and twisted. Shortening and subsequent disappearance of outer segments was followed by loss of photoreceptor nuclei, primarily in the area centralis but also in the midperipheral retina. The electroretinogram (ERG) indicated progressive reduction in cone and rod amplitudes and a delay in the temporal aspects of the cone response. When dietary casein was replaced by egg albumin in the diets of cats with minimal to moderately advanced degeneration, the degeneration was reversed; rod ERG function and structure returned essentially to normal, whereas some abnormalities of cone outer segment structure and a delay in the temporal aspects of the cone ERG persisted. The data provide strong evidence that dietary casein is a factor in this retinopathy and suggest that an alteration in protein metabolism of the photoreceptor may result from the dietary protein inadequacy. PMID- 1119540 TI - The dermatoglyphics of American Negroes. AB - Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics of 184 male and 224 female normal American Negroes were evaluated for digital patterns, digital ridge counts, palmar patterns, palmar main line terminations, accessory triradii and palmar creases. All subjects were seven year olds examined and found free of chronic or other genetic diseases. The results were presented for the left and right hand separately as well as in terms of bilateral symmetry. The present results were for the most part comparable to those of the African and other American Negro groups reported earlier. The distributions of the various dermatoglyphic features among the Negroes taken as a group were compared to those of the other racial groups and their differences were discussed. PMID- 1119541 TI - The dermatoglyphics of American Caucasians. AB - Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics were collected from 360 male and 360 female seven year old Caucasians from the greater Boston area. All participants were screened and found to be free of minor anomalies or chronic diseases. All individuals with I. Q. scores below 70 were also excluded. The results were presented in such a way as to give information on bilateral symmetry as well as overall frequencies of the various dermatoglyphic features. The results were compared with those of the corresponding sample of seven year old normal male and female Negroes of the accompanying report. A review of the distribution of the dermatoglyphic features in different Caucasian populations has also been presented and the overall dermatoglyphics of the Caucasians were discussed in reference to the distribution of the same features in the other major "racial" groups. The method of collection and selection of the subjects, described in the text, makes this set of data unique and one of the most suitable for use as controls in studying the dermatoglyphics of the individuals with diseases or congenital anomalies. PMID- 1119542 TI - The hypothenar radial arch, a genetically determined epidermal ridge configuration. AB - A radial arch in the hypothenar area of the human palm is an uncommon ridge arrangement. It is associated with an ulnar triradius and no axial triradius is present. The configuration generally occurs on right hands but is sometimes found on both hands. The frequency in the few European populations studied and in one Canadian sample varies from 0.2 per cent to over 2 per cent of persons. Hypothenar radial arches have also been reported in patients with abnormal sex chromosomes but are not specific to any karyotype. Two families are described in which nearly related persons have hypothenar radial arches. They provide the first evidence that the pattern is inherited. In one family three out of six sibs have radial arches in the hypothenar area and so have two out of three children of one of them. In the other family a pair of identical twins and their mother have hypothenar radial arches. It is suggested that, from the information available, inheritance is probably due to a recessive gene. PMID- 1119543 TI - Population variation in asymmetry and diversity from finger to finger for digital ridge-count. AB - Population variation in ridge-count asymmetry and diversity from finger to finger has received scant attention in dermatoglyphic studies. Asymmetry, in particular, has generally been attributed to environmental effects operating during the formation of dermal ridges. Examination of samples from several groups of diverse racial background revealed the existence of considerable population variation with respect to finger ridge-count asymmetry and diversity from finger to finger. Patterning along population lines suggests a genetic rather than environmental basis for such variation. The genetic mechanisms responsible for ridge-counts may also mediate asymmetry and diversity, or the degree of developmental stabiltiy in different populations may itself be under genetic control. PMID- 1119544 TI - Finger dermatoglyphics of the Bagathas of Araku Valley (A. P.), India. AB - Finger prints of the Bagathas, a dominant endogamous tribal population of Araku Valley in Andhra Pradesh (India) were analysed. They are distributed in Araku, Paderu and Chintapalli agency areas of Visakhapatnam district of A. P. Investigations on finger prints of 235 males and 235 females reveal that loops are higher in females (57.58 per cent) than in males (49.19 per cent). Sex differences in the distribution of the patterns are statistically significant (chi2 equal to 27.8277; d. f. equal to 2; 0.001 greater than P). The index of pattern intensity shows a higher value in males (14.17) than the females (12.84). It isevident from the mean ridge counts that there is a clear sexual dimorphism, males showing higher mean ridge counts than females. Bagathas show greater affinity with the Valmikis in the frequency distribution of pattern types and in the pattern intensity index. However, a more detailed dermatoglyphic study of all the tribes of Andhra Pradesh yields information of great value in disclosing the pattern distributions among these Dravidian or proto-Australoid tribal populations. PMID- 1119545 TI - Dermatoglyphics of three Hungarian populations. AB - The dermatoglyphics of 709 individuals from three Hungarian populations living near each other but of different origin were analyzed. In dermatoglyphic traits the three populations present but slight differences from one another. PMID- 1119546 TI - The ridge-counts of the interdigital a-b, b-c, and c-d areas in a normal sample and in cerebrally damaged patients of Thuringia, G. D. R. (East Germany). AB - We determined the ridge-counts and their correlations of interdigital area a-b, b c, and c-d among 300 boys and 300 girls from Jena and 95 male and 79 female cerebrally damaged children from the Mental Hospital of Stadtroda, both in Thuringia, G. D. R. (East Germany). The mean values of the normals and the patients differ significantly only on the right hand of males in the b-c area (p smaller than or equal to 5 per cent). Bimanuar comparisons showed significant correlations in the three areas in both sexes in the normal and the abnormal children. Inter-area comparisons revealed no significant correlation between a-b and b-c areas; correlations were significant between a-b and c-d areas in both sexes in the normal group, but significant for the right hand only in cerebrally damaged children. Highly significant correlation was found between the b-c and c d areas only in the right hand of female cerebrally damaged children. Comparative data from Bavaria and North-Rhine-Westfalia are also presented. PMID- 1119547 TI - The dermatoglyphics of the Elema people from the Gulf District of Papua New Guinea. AB - The present report deals with the digital and palmar dermatoglyphics of the Elema peoples from the Gulf District of Papua New Guinea. The samples involved 91 males and 134 females from the areas of Iokea, Sepoe and Karama. The Elema dermatoglyphics, compared to those of other peoples in New Guinea, were found to have a high pattern intensity index and frequency of whorls, and the highest frequency of ulnar type C line, complete simian creases and patterns in the IV interdigital areas of the palms. On the other hand, their 11/7 ratio of the D line, the main line index, and the frequencies of patterns in the hypothenar, thenar/I and II interdigital areas were lower than most other groups on the island; they also have the lowest R/U ratio. All dermatoglyphic features considered, the frequencies in the Elema group were for the most part found to be near the extremes of the range of the dermatoglyphic frequency distributions in New Guinea populations. The dermatoglyphic distributions of New Guinea as a whole are discussed in terms of those of the other Australian populations with comments on the dermatoglyphic comparisons between the Australasians and the other major human groups, Amerindians, Orientals, Asian Indian, Caucasians and Negroes. PMID- 1119548 TI - High pattern intensity indices and ridge counts from the Milne Bay district of Papua-New Guinea and their bearing on the origin of the Australian Aborigines. AB - A population sample from the Milne Bay district of Papua-New Guinea was found to have extremely high pattern intensity indices and total ridge-counts. These fell into the range of certain Australian Aboriginal tribes, and so argue for a possible connection between this region of Melanesia and the Australian Aborigines, although equally strong connections with other regions of Melanesia are known. PMID- 1119549 TI - Epidermal patterns of the hands and feet of the pygmy Chimpanzee (Pan paniscus). AB - The characteristics of the epidermal ridge system were studied in a series of eighteen lesser or pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus). The general ridge alignments are very similar to those of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes); Biegert ('61). On the average the pattern intensity (P. I.) of the palm configurations is considerably higher in the pygmy chimpanzee than in the chimpanzee, thus representating the highest total palm pattern intensity of all species of the hominoidea. The sole configurations show parallel main results to those of the palm; however, the decreased sole pattern frequency of the pygmy chimpanzee is of a smaller predominance only as compared to the values of the other species of this superfamily. The preliminary data on the finger tip patterns, translated into P. I. values, are much higher than in chimpanzees and within the range of the mean values of gorillas (Brehme, '73), while those of the toes of pygmy chimpanzees seem to possess the lowest P. I. values of the African apes. PMID- 1119550 TI - Ridge course of the whorls: classification and methods. AB - In dermatoglyphic methodology the system of gross classification of digital pattern types needs modifications. More attention should be focussed on the study of minute morphological variations among pattern types in order to understand fully the genetic mechanisms involved in pattern variations. A systematic classification to record many of the morphological peculiarities is lacking. The paper proposes a classification and methods of identification of the direction of the course of the ridges inside the pattern area of true whorls. In all, nine ridge course types are identified, named and described. Data analysed on the basis of the above methods and classification reveal significant bilateral differences for clockwise and counter-clockwise types of ridge directions. Mode of inheritance, bisexual differences, etc., of the polymorphic course of these ridges should be studied. Its usefulness in the field of personal identification, population genetics and medicine should also be evaluated. PMID- 1119551 TI - Dermatoglyphics of Easter Islanders analyzed by pattern type, admixture effect, and ridge count variation. AB - The adult Easter Island population was fingerprinted in 1965 as part of an overall study of their human biology. Major findings of the dermatoglyphic analysis are as follows. Digit and bimanuar percentages of patterns (arches, loops, and whorls) were similar to those observed in Europeans. However, in terms of total pattern type distributions, the Islanders had many more whorls and a correspondingly much higher Pattern Intensity Index than those found in European groups. This difference was even present, although in lesser magnitude, in Easter Islanders known to be admixed with Europeans. Corresponding to a high occurrence of whorls, Mean Total Ridge Count (TRC) was also notably high. An association between TRC as a measure of pattern size and incidence of patterns was clearly evident in several groups available for comparison. PMID- 1119552 TI - Sex and side differences and correlations between quantitative palmar characteristics in a sample Sardinian population. AB - Defferences between the sexes and between the sides and the correlations between four quantitative characteristics of palmar dermatoglyphics in a sample population of 809 individuals (418 males and 391 females) from the city of Cagliari, Sardinia, are tested. Males have a greater number of ridges than females, shown by a greater a-b ridge count and A-d ridge count, and a more transverse slope of the main lines, shown by a greater main line index and papillary number. The left palm shows a greater number of ridges than the right palm between the A line and the triradius d and between the triradii a and b, with a lower main line index and papillary number. The a-b ridge count has a negative correlation with the main line index and with the papillary number and a positive one with the A-d ridge count; these correlations are greater in the left palms, especially in the males. PMID- 1119553 TI - Dermatoglyphic traits in patients with cardiovascular disorders. AB - Dermatoglyphic studies were carried out on 800 Japanese subjects. Digital dermal pattern types were classified into true whorls, double loops, ulnar loops, radial loops and arches. Both total and absolute ridge count were recorded. Subjects with hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction were compared with the remaining group of others who had not yet developed any of these disorders. Individuals with myocardial infarction had a significantly higher frequency of true whorls and a correspondingly lower frequency of ulnar loops than the control group. Total and absolute ridge counts were also significantly higher in myocardial infarction. Individuals with hypertension and angina pectoris were not significantly different in most dermatoglyphic traits from the controls. These observations suggest that antenatal factors may contribute to the etiology of myocardial infarction in man. PMID- 1119554 TI - Clinical patterns of abdominal tuberculosis. PMID- 1119555 TI - Localization of rapidly exchangeable calcium in mammalian heart muscle. AB - Two new methods were used to calculate net labeled Ca++ compartmental influx into rabbit myocardium: 1) continuous measurements of arteriovenous differences in 45Ca levels are corrected for longitudinal mixing and for varying transit times by a double-isotope technique with the relatively impermeant 131I-labeled albumin as the referent substance; 21 tritiated sucrose and 45Ca contents were measured in ventricular muscle after perfusion with the doubly labeled perfusate and washout of aqueous perfusate with fluorocarbon 80. Both methods yielded similar results. Only 52% of the Ca++ efflux from the vascular bed during the rapid flux period can be accounted for as Ca++ in interstitial water under control perfusion conditions. Contracture induced by substituting K+ for Na+ in the perfusate brings the fraction not accounted for as Ca++ in interstitial water from 48 to 60% of the total in 5 min. When irreversible contracture is induced by return to normal [Ca++] after short periods of excitation-contraction uncoupling due to zero [Ca++] perfusion, the fraction not accounted for as Ca++ in interstitial water is 68% in 5 min. PMID- 1119556 TI - Rat brain regional uptake and decarboxylation of L-DOPA following carotid injection. AB - Using the carotid injection technique, the regional uptake and decarboxylation of L-DOPA at the blood-brain barrier in the rat was studied. After a single intracarotid injection in the rat followed by decapitation 15 S later, the uptake of L-DOPA was measured relative to tritiated water injected simultaneously as a diffusible internal standard. Decarboxylation was investigated with an injection mixture of L-[carboxy-14C]DOPA and L-[2,3-3H]DOPA. Uptake of L-DOPA studied over the range of 15-5,076 nmol/ml appeared to be a composite of two separate mechanisms. The saturable component had a half-maximal velocity transport value, K-t, of 336 muG. A diffusional, nonsaturable component had a diffusion constant of 0.018. A regional study showed that uptake operated at approximately the same rate in the various brain areas despite marked regional variation in catecholamine concentration. The decarboxylation of L-DOPA also occurred at a similar rate in all regions. Even when L-DOPA was injected at a concentration of 3 mM, 33-51% was decarboxylated within the 15-S period. These results support the hypothesis that L-DOPA movement into the brain occures via a neutral amino acid transport mechanism common to cerebral capillaries of different regions of the brain. PMID- 1119557 TI - Positive staircase effect in the rat heart. AB - The apparent lack of a positive staircase effect in ray myocardium may reflect inadequate metabolic support. Isolated rat hearts (n equals 10) were perfused at 37 degrees C with Krebs buffer containing 5 mM glucose. In 10 preparations increases in heart rate from 240 to 480/min resulted in twofold increases in left ventricular pressure and dP/dt. Pacing at a rate of 480/min resulted in mechanical deterioration of the preparation and in 50% decreases of myocardial ATP concentration within a 10-min period. Hearts of open-chest rats driven at the same rate for the same period maintained normal ATP stores. In isolated papillary muscles contracting isometrically at a rate of 30/min, peak stress 15g/mm2 (mean plus or minus SE, n equals 8) and was not changed by increasing the concentration of glucose from 5 to 30 mM. When frequency was raised from 30 to 300/min, stress declined to 5.0 plus or minus .15 g/mm2 in the presence of 5mM glucose (P smaller than .001) but increased to 8.8 plus or minus .21 g/mm2 (P smaller than 0.001) in the presence of 30 mM glucose. Thus, rat ventricular myocardium exhibits a positive staircase effect at physiological heart rates when metabolic support is adequate. PMID- 1119558 TI - Effects of coronary hypotension on myocardial substrate utilization. AB - Changes in myocardial substrate utilization were studied after experimental coronary hypotension in the isolated dog heart perfused with the blood of a large donor animal. After a control period (100 mmHg) the afterload of the isolated heart was adjusted to 50 mmHg and kept at that level for 4 h. After this period, a second control observation was made at a 100-mmHg afterload. Coronary sinus blood flow and oxygen consumption decreased during hypotension and returned to normal during the second control period. Myocardial free fatty acid (FFA) uptake and oxidation did not change significantly. Lactate uptake and the percentage of CO2 derived from myocardial lactate utilization were both diminished during hypotension. These changes were not present during the second control period. Glucose uptake and myocardial respiratory quotient were decreased during the hypotensive period. Half the hearts exhibited elevated end-diastolic pressure after hypotension, but no metabolic differences were detectable between the failing and nonfailing hearts. Thus, prolonged severe hypotension caused a relative preference of FFA oxidation and diminished lactate and glucose uptakes by the myocardium. These changes were quite different from those obtained during experimental hemorrhagic or endotoxic shock. PMID- 1119559 TI - Methods for serial study of renin-angiotensin system in the unanesthetized rat. AB - Micromethods for measurement of plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma renin substrate concentration (PSC) have been developed for rat plasma with radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I. An improved technique for aortic implantation of plastic cannulas was developed for use in experiments 1-2 wk in duration. The effects on components of renin system of anesthesia and tail cutting were studied. Arterial blood was sampled through cannulas without animal manipulation. PRC varied little in unanesthetized rats, was moderately and variably increased during pentobarbital anesthesia, and was markedly and consistently elevated during ether anesthesia. PSC was unchanged during anesthesia. PRC was increased in blood obtained by tail cutting within 1-2 min after cutting. With the use of the methods and techniques described here serial studies of the renin system in plasma of unanesthetized rats are shown to be feasible. A role for the sympathetic nervous system in the mediation of renin secretion by ether is proposed. PMID- 1119560 TI - Plasma hormone and renal function changes in unrestrained dogs exposed to cold. AB - Renal clearances and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 17-hydroxycorticoids, and norepinephrine were measured in unrestrained dogs before and during exposure to ambient cold (minus 4 to + 4 degrees C). Some dogs were treated with an inhibitor of cortisol biosynthesis, Metopirone, either alone or combined with dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid suppressing ACTH release. Plasma ADH increased in the Metopirone-treated group (P smaller than 0.02) but changed little in other dogs. Plasma 17-hydroxycorticoids in untreated dogs rose from a control value of 14.4 plus or minus 1.9 (SE) to 1.82 plus or minus 1.2 mug/100 ml after 20 min of exposure (P smaller than 0.01), an increase comparable with that previously observed in restrained dogs. Plasma norepinephrine increased from 0.98 plus or minus 0.07 to 1.15 plus or minus 0.08 mug/liter (P smaller than 0.01) after 20 min of exposure. Urine flow, C-Cr, and C-PAH tended to increase spontaneously in nonexposed control dogs. Exposure to cold abolished or reversed this tendency, most distinctly in the Metopirone-dexamethasone group. The urine concentration, measured as T-c-H2O/C-Cr, did not change in cold, in contrast to a decrease previously observed in restrained dogs. The data do not support the key role of plasma cortisol elevation in the mechanism of urine-concentration defect in cold and demonstrate important differences between responses of restrained and unrestrained animals. PMID- 1119561 TI - Regulation of arterial blood pressure in the common green iguana. AB - Arterial blood pressure (ABP) responses to graded hemorrhage and passive head-up tilt were studied in restrained, anesthetized, and unanesthetized iguanas. The ABP fell slowly in response to hemorrhage up to a critical deficit of 35 plus or minus 19% of the estimated blood volume; the rate of ABP fall then increased nearly 40-fold to continued hemorrhage. Increased heart rate and decreased femoral arterial blood flow accompanied progressive hemorrhage. Propranolol (2-3 mug/kg) did not appreciably alter arterial pressure-hemorrhage curves but hemorrhage-induced increases in heart rate were diminished nearly 50%. Atropine had little effect on either the blood pressure or heart rate changes induced by hemorrhage. During passive tilts of 0-90 degrees carotid arterial pressure fell 33% before returning to control levels (2 min). Heart rate increased and femoral arterial blood flow and central venous pressure fell in response to head-up tilts. It is concluded that hemorrhage and passive head-up tilting can induce reflex cardiovascular changes that assist ABP regulation in iguanas. PMID- 1119562 TI - Neuroendocrine conditioning: conditioned feeding after alterations in glucose utilization. AB - We have demonstrated that it is possible to condition the feeding behavior induced by either 2-deoxy-D-glucose (a chemical that induces glucopenia) or tolbutamide (an oral hypoglycemic agent). Such behavioral conditioning is also accompanied by a conditioning of neuroendocrine responses. A model for both overt and covert conditioned responses is proposed. PMID- 1119563 TI - Central nervous system control of cardiorespiratory nasopharyngeal reflexes in the rabbit. AB - The role of different central nervous regions in the reflex apnea, bradycardia, and mesenteric vasoconstriction evoked by nasopharyngeal stimulation with cigarette smoke was examined in unanesthetized shamoperated, thalamic, and pontine rabbits with intact and sectioned carotid sinus and aortic nerves (CS and AN). Apnea occurred in all preparations. In pontine animals with intact CS and AN, the heart rate response was reduced but not the mesenteric vasoconstriction. The role of suprabulbar and bulbospinal regions became more apparent when individual components of the input profile were examined in animals with controlled ventilation. The bradycardia and mesenteric vasoconstriction evoked by apnea without smoke, but not by smoke without apnea, were reduced in pontine animals. Prior section of the CS and AN attenuated the response in all neural preparations but to the least extent when cerebral hemispheres were intact. The data indicate that the respiratory reflex is predominantly integrated at bulbospinal sites, but the cardiovascular reflex is integrated at both bulbospinal and suprabulbar sites, or is integrated at bulbospinal and modulated from suprabulbar sites. PMID- 1119564 TI - Endotoxin-induced prostaglandin E and F release in dogs. AB - Prostaglandin E and F (PGE and PGF) levels in sequential blood samples obtained simultaneously from the renal and portal veins and aorta during endotoxin shock in dogs were determined by radioimmunoassay. Four groups of dogs were studied. In five control dogs in which no endotoxin was given, PGE and PGF levels did not change significantly at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min. In eight dogs given endotoxin alone, PGE and PGF levels did not change in the aorta. In samples taken from the portal vein there was a significant rise in PGE and PGF 15 min after endotoxin, whereas renal vein PGE and PGF did not become significantly elevated until 60 and 90 min after endotoxin. In six dogs pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid and six dogs pretreated with indomethacin, PGE and PGF levels did not change after endotoxin. Indomethacin modified the delayed hemodynamic effects of endotoxin whereas acetylsalicylic acid did not. Neither drug blocked the immediate hemodynamic effects of endotoxin. Endotoxin-induced PGE and PGF release is probably due to increased synthesis. The mechanism whereby synthesis is stimulated and the extent to which vasomotor tone is influenced by PGE and PGF during endotoxin shock cannot be determined from our data. PMID- 1119565 TI - Creatinine, potassium, and calcium flux from chicken cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Brains of methoxyflurane-anesthetized chickens were perfused from a lateral cerebral ventricle to cisterna magna with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing trace quantities of radioiodinated human serum albumin (RIHSA) or inulin (1.0 mg/ml) to measure CSF bulk absorption. In addition, it contained either trace quantities of 22Na, 42K, 45Ca or [14C]creatinine; the concentrations of the latter three were varied to determine permeability coefficients (K-D's) as a function of concentration. A mass balance for the tracer molecules was calculated to determine their movement into brain or blood. K-D's for 45Ca, 42K, 22Na, and creatinine (Cr) were unaffected by perfusion time and the latter two were larger than previously reported (3). The lack of effect of time on K-D and the large values for K-D22Na and K-D-Cr are attributed to anesthetic effects on brain blood flow. K-D-Cr and K-D42K were larger than K-D22Na or K-D45Ca and K-D's for 45Ca, Cr, and 42K were independent of their inflow concentrations. An active transport process is suggested for potassium and creatinine, but one that is located at sites other than the ependymal wall. Bulk flow clearance accounted for RIHSA movement from CSF, whereas nonbulk clearance accounted for 50% of 22Na and 45Ca movement and 90% of 42K clearance. Fifty percent of 42K and 25% of 22Na and 45Ca were found in brain. The large recovery of 42K in brain supports the hypothesis that intracellular potassium serves as an exchangeable pool for the tracer. PMID- 1119566 TI - Kidney function of the American eel Anguilla rostrata. AB - Urine formation in the eel, acclimated to freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) was studied. SW eels maintained higher plasma and urine osmotic and ionic concentrations than FW eels. Polyethylene-1,2-glycol-14C (PEG-14C) clearance was 29% greater than methoxy-inulin-3H clearance. PEG-14C clearance was considered to be the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The GFR of SW and FW eels did not differ. Urine flow rate in SW eels was one-third of that in FW eels. The primary urinary solutes in both groups were Na and Cl. Apparently, tubular fluid secretion occurred in FW and, to a lesser degree, in SW eels. With the assumption that water reabsorption was secondary to Na reabsorption in the kidney, the clearance data were used to evaluate all possible explanations for what appeared to be fluid secretion. The data were inconsistent with the possibility that GFR had been underestimated due to glomerular sieving of PEG or active or passive reabsorption of the marker, but consistent with tubular fluid secretion. Furosemide caused diuresis in both groups of eels apparently by inhibition of Na reabsorption in the distal tubule, but it had no effect on the apparent tubular fluid secretion. Tubular ion secretion could not be conclusively implicated as a driving force for fluid secretion. However, the possibility of K, Ca, or Mg secretion in a proximal segment followed by reabsorption in a more distal part of the nephron was not ruled out. PMID- 1119567 TI - Modulation of leucine transaminase activity by dietary means. AB - The specific activity of leucine transaminase was measured in supernatants of liver, skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius), and kidney homogenates obtained from fed, starved, and protein-deprived rats. After 12 h of starvation, there were slight reductions in leucine transaminase activity of both muscle and kidney tissues. When starvation was prolonged to 1 full day, the activity of this enzyme increased by approximately twofold in both muscle and kidney. Prolongation of fasting to 5 days resulted in an additional increase in specific activity of leucine transaminase in muscle. During the entire 5 days of starvation, leucine transaminase activity remained unaltered in liver of starved rats. Protein deprivation for 1 or 5 days resulted in significant reductions in specific activity of leucine transaminase in skeletal muscle. Protein deprivation did not produce a remarkable effect on the activity of this enzyme in kidney or liver tissue. The results of this study, together with those previously obtained, indicate that within our experimental conditions increased oxidation of leucine in skeletal muscle of starved rats is not initially related to an alteration in activity of leucine transaminase. When caloric deficiency is prolonged, the potential for transamination is also increased. These adaptive changes increase the ability of skeletal muscle to use leucine as a metabolic fuel. PMID- 1119568 TI - Uremic inhibition of purine uptake by rat hepatic slices. AB - Measurements were made of the production of allantoin by liver slices prepared either from bilaterally nephrectomized rats or from normal, control rats in flasks containing either a) no added substrate, b) hypoxanthine, or c) xanthine. Uremic liver slices showed a 72.3% inhibition of augmented allantoin production with hypoxanthine as substrate and a 68.3% inhibition with xanthine as substrate. Next, uremic rat serum was added to liver slices prepared from normal rats along with either a) no added substrate, b) hypoxanthine, or c) xanthine. Normal rat serum replaced uremic rat serum in control experiments. In these paired experiments, uremic serum exerted an inhibitory effect on allantoin production of 78.0% when hypoxanthine was the substrate and of 83.6% when xanthine was the substrate. Studies on possible underlying mechanisms showed that the observed uremic inhibition of allantoin production by hepatic slices, in the presence of substrate (e.g., hypoxanthine), represents a decreased production of uric acid, secondary to the decreased hepatic uptake of substrate. PMID- 1119569 TI - Branchial effects of epinephrine in the seawater-adapted mullet. II. Na+ and Cl- extrusion. AB - Injection of epinephrine into Mugil capito adapted to seawater is followed by a 40-60% inhibition of the Na and Cl effluxes. Simultaneously the Na influx is decreased by 30%, the overall result being a reduction of the net sodium extrusion rate by the gill. The change in Na influx is in part explained by a 75 80% decrease of the oral ingestion of seawater. This branchial adrenergic response is sensitive to alpha-blockade by phentolamine and tolazoline and insensitive to beta-blockade by propranolol. Both alpha-blockers are ineffective when injected alone. Propranolol injected alone mimics epinephrine while simultaneous injection of phentolamine blocks the response to propranolol. Rapid transfer experiments suggest that epinephrine inhibits the branchial Cl pump and its associated Na/K exchange mechanism. The leak pathway for these ions remains insensitive to epinephrine. PMID- 1119570 TI - Placental diffusing capacity in unanesthetized rabbits. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the placental diffusing capacity of CO in unanesthetized rabbits. A standard dose of CO was administered to 18 near-term rabbits, and at time intervals varying from 5 min to 4 h maternal and fetal blood samples were analyzed for carboxyhemoglobin saturation (HbCO). Following administration of CO, the maternal HbCO rose rapidly within the 1st min and remained nearly constant for the remainder of the experiment. The fetal HbCO after CO introduction to the mother rose as CO crossed the placenta from maternal to fetal blood. After 15 min the fetal HbCO rose to equal the maternal HbCO averaging 18.5%. The fetal HbCO after 1 h averaged 33% saturation, 1.7-fold greater than the maternal HbCO at 1 h. Thereafter there was little further fetal rise and apparently equilibrium was reached. The average placental diffusing capacity for CO was 2.3 ml/(min times mmHg times kg), a value fourfold higher than has previously been reported in anesthetized sheep and dogs. Possible reasons are species difference, effects of posture, influence of anesthesia and surgery, and effects of an open versus intact uterus. PMID- 1119571 TI - Intestinal transport of tryptophan and its analogs. AB - A comparative study of the intestinal transport of DL-tryptophan and its 1 methylindole (tryptophan-l-Me) and benzo[b]thiophene (tryptophan-S) analogs has been carried out in vitro, using the everted intestinal sac of the rat and hamster. Both tryptophan and tryptophan-S are actively transported across the intestine, while tryptophan-l-Me is not actively transported. The active transport of tryptophan is competitively inhibited by tryptophan-S, suggesting a similar carrier, while tryptophan-l-Me is not an inhibitor of tryptophan transport, suggesting little or no interaction with the carrier. The transport of tryptophan and tryptophan-S is depressed at concentrations (10 mM), and all three amino acids produce subtle alterations in the barrier properties of the sacs, as evidenced by increased tetraethylammonium bromide-14C diffusion. PMID- 1119572 TI - A proposed mechanism of zinc absorption in the rat. AB - Studies were conducted at the cellular level in an attempt to describe the processes involved in zinc absorption from the intestine. A low-molecular-weight zinc-binding ligand was identified in the pancreas of rats and pancreatic secretions from a dog. The whole-body absorption of 65Zn in rats in which the common bile duct was ligated was significantly less than the absorption of 65Zn in rats in which the hepatic bile duct was ligated. The uptake of 65Zn by epithelial cells from everted intestinal segments was markedly increased in the presence of the zinc-binding ligand fraction from pancreatic secretions. Following in vivo labeling, 30% of the 65Zn in the epithelial cell was associated with the partially purified basolateral plasma membrane. When labeled basolateral plasma membranes were incubated in a medium that contained zinc-free albumin, approximately 96% of the 65Zn was transferred to the medium while less than 30% of the isotope was released to media that contained either no albumin or a 3:1 zinc: albumin complex. In rats fed a zinc-deficient diet, 65Zn absorption was inversely proportional to the serum zinc concentration, and both zinc and copper injections produced a marked decrease in 65Zn absorption. These results suggest that zinc absorption consists of interactions among a low-molecular-weight ligand, recpetor sites on the basolateral membrane, and metal-free albumin. PMID- 1119573 TI - Comparative evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of isometric indices of contractility. AB - It is generally held that a useful mechanical index of contractility is one that is unchanged by changes in initial muscle length, but that changes in appropriate direction and magnitude with a change in contractile state. A number of isometric indices were measured in vitro in isolated cat papillary muscles to quantitate their relative dependence on initial muscle length and contractile state. Results indicate that no one isometric index completely fulfills the definition of an ideal index of contractile state. In particular, indices that change considerably with alterations in contractile state (e.g., maximum dF/dt) are also moderately dependent on preload. Conversely, indices that are moderately insensitive to changes in contractile state (e.g., time-to-peak force) are also insensitive to changes in contractile state. Changes in extrapolated maximum velocity and peak VCE were similar and were less sensitive to changes in contractile state than maximum dF/dt. The most sensitive in vitro index of contractility appears to be maximum dF/dt at a constant preload. PMID- 1119574 TI - Nature of aortic smooth muscle responses to changes in venous return in intact dogs. AB - A response of the aortic smooth muscle to reduction in venous return was demonstrated previously. The present experiments were performed to determine whether these responses were of a reflex origin rather than being attributable to viscoelastic mechanisms. Viscoelastic mechanisms could not account for changes seen in the aortic pressure diameter relationship curve. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that the response was abolished by eliminating sympathetic input to the aorta via spinal cord transection. This and other evidence demonstrate beyond doubt that the aortic response to reduction in venous return is of neurogenic origin and constitutes a well-integrated reflex. However, experimental evidence is presented which clearly indicates that the receptors for the aortic smooth muscle response are not located in either the carotid sinus or aortic arch but must be located elsewhere in the system. PMID- 1119575 TI - Modification of vagal depressor reflex by CO2 in spontaneously breathing rabbits. AB - The control of hindlimb and renal vascular beds by vagal afferents was studied, in anesthetized spontaneously breathing rabbits in which the carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves were cut, by measuring the increase in vascular resistance (constant-flow perfusion with autologous blood) during bilateral vagal cold block (VCB). The effect of hypercapnia was studied with both increased ventilation (caused by inspiration of mixtures of CO2 in O2) and decreased ventilation (caused by infusion of gallamine during O2 breathing). The increase in hindlimb resistance with VCB was correlated with respiratory minute volume but not with PCO2; the reverse was true for the increase in renal resistance. Without VCB the renal vessel constriction caused by the hypercapnia was markedly attenuated, provided that there were minimal respiratory movements; the resistance increased dramatically when these movements were abolished or with VCB. Thus, the powerful central effect of CO2 on the renal vessels can be counteracted by vagal afferents activated by lung movement; even minimal respiratory activity can cause this effect. PMID- 1119576 TI - Intratubular hydrostatic pressure in testis and epididymis before and after vasectomy. AB - A method is described for the measurement of intratubular hydrostatic pressure in the testis, caput epididymidis, and cauda epididymidis of the golden hamster. Pressures in these locations in normal animals ranged from 3 to 6 cmH2O. Mean pressure in the tubules of the caput was significantly higher than that in the seminiferous tubules (P smaller than 0.05) and in the proximal caudal tubules (P smaller than 0.02). There was a small, significant increase in pressure from the proximal cauda to the distal cauda (P smaller than 0.04). Two weeks after vasectomy, the mean pressure in the seminiferous tubules of 3.3 cmH2O was significantly lower (P smaller than 0.004) than the mean pressure in the normal seminiferous tubules of 4.4 cmH2O. Pressures in the cauda at 2 wk of 10-18 cmH2O were significantly greater than normal (P smaller than 0.0005) and reflected the accumulation of sperm and fluid. The high incidence of spermatic granuloma formation and/or rupture of the epididymis observed after vasectomy emphasized that there are definite limits to both distensibility and reabsorptive capacity of the epididymis in some species. Pressures at 1 mo after vasectomy were similar to those at 2 wk in animals that were still obstructed and comparable to normal in animals with granulomas and/or large epididymal leaks. Testicular weight was slightly but significantly decreased 2 wk after vasectomy. At 4 wk, there was no detectable effect of vasectomy on the weights of the testes. PMID- 1119577 TI - Secretion of salt and water into the medullary collecting duct of Ringer-infused rats. AB - Using a microcatheterization technique, the contribution of the collecting duct to the renal response to extracellular fluid volume expansion was studied in anesthetized rats. During intravenous infusion of Ringer solution (0.25 ml/min per 100 g body wt), urinary excretion of fluid, sodium, and potassium was 365 mul/min per g kidney wt (V), 52.6 mueq/min per g kidney wt (UNaV), and 3.86 mueq/min per g kidney wt (UKV), representing 23, 24, and 65% of filtered load, respectively. Analysis of collecting duct fluid from cortex and outer medulla indicated continued net reabsorption of ions and water in these nephron segments; in contrast, in inner medulla net secretion of Na, K, and fluid into the collecting duct was demonstrated. Addition of sodium and water was equivalent to approximately 10% of filtered load. It is concluded that under the stress of extreme intravenous fluid loading tubular secretion of salt and water into the inner medullary collecting duct contributes importantly to diuresis and natriuresis. The mechanism of such secretion remains undetermined. PMID- 1119578 TI - Metabolic responses of unanesthetized rats to manipulation of skin temperature. AB - Body temperatures of albino rats are highly variable compared to those of larger mammals. This paper demonstrates that much of that variability can be attributed to shifts of body temperature thresholds for metabolic response accompanying disturbance or arousal. It also shows that the open-loop gain (OLG) of the metabolic temperature-regulating system is as high as that in larger mammals, ruling out low gain as the source of the variability. Skin temperature (T-sk) of shaved rats was controlled by immersion to the neck in a water bath. Metabolic rate (M), measured during step changes of T-sk and during more gradual changes of colonic (T-c) and hypothalamic (T-hy) temperature, was proportional to deviations of both T-c and T-sk below their respective thresholds. The absolute values of the coupling function (alpha) relating M to T-c were proportional to T-sk; the absolute values of the coupling function (beta) relating M to T-sk were proportional to T-c. Thus, the gain of the system changed systematically with body temperatures. The thresholds of T-sk and T-c below which M increased were inversely proportional to T-c and T-sk, respectively, as well as shifting in response to some unknown variable designated arousal. PMID- 1119579 TI - Nonelectrolyte permeability of the paracellular pathway in Necturus proximal tubule. AB - Micropuncture experiments were performed on Necturus proximal tubule using stationary microperfusion and microrecollection techniques. The transepithelial movement of the extracellular marker, sucrose, was used to investigate the passive permeability of the paracellular shunt pathway under steady-state conditions, during spontaneous reabsorption and water flow induced by an external osmotic gradient. Measurements were made of the sucrose permeability (P-s) efflux, net flux, and of net volume flow. True P-s determined in the absence of net volume flow and transepithelial gradient was 0.96 10-6 cm s-1. Both ouabain and isotonic volume expansion decreased shunt P-s. During reabsorption, solute coupled water flow increased apparent P-s and net sucrose flux equalled efflux. Osmotic water flow from lumen to plasma decreased apparent P-s, with net sucrose flux equal to efflux; whereas osmotic flow from plasma to lumen increased apparent P-s but no net flux was observed. It is concluded that changes in P-s can be interpreted as relative alterations of the tight junction and the lateral spaces and that a portion of the volume flow from lumen to plasma proceeds via the tight junction. PMID- 1119580 TI - Effect of hypothalamic lesions on immediate hypersensitivity. AB - Bilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the anterior basal hypothalamus of male Hartley-strain guinea pigs. The animals with anterior hypothalamic lesions and a group of sham-operated controls were sensitized 5-10 days postoperatively with ovalbumin in modified Freund's adjuvant. At 18-22 days following sensitization both groups were randomly divided into three subgroups and challenged by intrajugular injections of three different antigen doses. Anaphylactic death and the severity of anaphylaxis in the survivors were recorded. Antibody titers were determined prior to challenge with use of the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis technique. Serial sections of each brain were made for lesion localization. Significant protection against anaphylaxis was found in guina pigs with symmetrical lesions in the anterior hypothalamus. No significant differences in antibody titers were observed between the lesion and sham-operated groups. There were no significant differences in the response of isolated muscle strips from anterior-lesioned and sham-operated guinea pigs to exogenous histamine. Anterior hypothalamic lesions of size and location comparable to those that provided protection against lethal anaphylaxis did not modify the anaphylactic response of isolated ileum from actively sensitized animals or following passive sensitization in vitro. PMID- 1119581 TI - Renal function in the hibernating, and hypothermic hamster Mesocricetus auratus. AB - Plasma and urine concentrations of Na+, K+, and urea were examined in hibernating, hypothermic, and normothermic hamsters. Plasma Na+ and K+ appear unaffected by 48 h of hypothermia (T-re 7 degrees C); however, plasma Na+ increased (P smaller than 0.05) from control values of 125.8 plus or minus 10.2 to 173 plus or minus 9.2 meg/liter in hibernators. Plasma K+ of the hibernator increased to 9.6 plus or minus 3.2 meq/liter from control values of 5.5 plus or minus 0.8 meq/liter (P smaller than 0.05). Plasma urea concentrations were increased (P smaller than 0.05) in both metabolically depressed groups from a control value of 0.5 plus or minus .05 to 0.8 plus or minus .16 and 7.2 plus or minus 2.8 mM in hypothermic and hibernating groups, respectively. Urine concentrations of solute for the hypothermic animals showed no detactable change from control values for Na+ and a decrease for both K+ and urea. Concentrations from hibernators showed a decrease from control values for both Na+ and K+ with no detectable change in urea. Renal tissue slice analysis demonstrated a marked corticomedullary solute gradient for Na+ and urea in normothermic control animals which is eliminated in hamsters hypothermic for 48 h and reduced in animals hypothermic for 15 min. Rewarming animals did not show a return of the solute gradient at T-re 18 degrees C. However, animals that had rewarmed to T-re 37 degrees C demonstrated a complete return with no difference (P greater than 0.05) from control values. Hibernators showed a slight (P smaller than 0.05) gradient for Na+ and no gradient for urea. Animals in all instances demonstrated a decrease in K+ concentration from cortex to papilla. A greater concentration of K+ was found in the renal cortex of animals hypothermic for 15 min and in hibernators (P smaller than 0.05). PMID- 1119582 TI - Effects of catecholamines on myocardial endogenous substrates and contractility. AB - The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on triglyceride and glycogen metabolism and contractility were studied in isolated perfused working rat hearts. Hearts with lipids prelabeled in vivo with [1-14C]palmitate were perfused with bicarbonate buffer containing 5.5 mM glucose, with or without 0.6 mM palmitate (3% albumin), and varying concentrations of catecholamines. Direct evidence for catecholamine-stimulated myocardial triglyceride lipolysis was obtained and, for the first time, was shown to be concentration-dependent. Also, catecholamines enhanced heart triglyceride fatty acid oxidation in concentration dependent fashion. Stimulation of lipolysis and oxidation was observed only in hearts perfused with buffer containing glucose as the sole substrate, and was inhibited in the presence of 0.6 mM palmitate. Palmitate inhibited net glycogenolysis in the absence of catecholamines, but had little effect on epinephrine-stimulated glycogenolysis. Therefore, with free fatty acids present, mobilization of endogenous triglycerides to meet the increased metabolic demands of catecholamine stimulation is minimized; this is due, possibly, to enhanced utilization of exogenous free fatty acids and to inhibition of net lipolysis. PMID- 1119583 TI - Effect of tetraethylammonium on tonic airway smooth muscle: initiation of phasic electrical activity. AB - We have previously shown that in the presence of tetraethylammonium (TEA, 6.7-67 mM) phasic mechanical activity and a myogenic response (MR) to quick stretch are produced in normally multi-unit tracheal smooth muscle. The present studies were designed to investigate the electrophysiological basis for these changes in the mechanical properties of the muscle. Intracellular recordings showed that in the presence of TEA the membrane was partially depolarized and trains of small (8-20 mV), decrementally conducted action potentials were produced spontaneously at a frequency of 15-20/min. Action potentials could also be stimulated by external electrodes, and the conduction velocity over short distances was 0.84 plus or minus 0.2 cm/s. Membrane conductance and rectification, as measured by the magnitude of electrotonic potentials in response to external stimulation, were reduced in the presence of TEA. The length constant was increased from 1.6 plus or minus 0.1 to 2.8 plus or minus 0.2 mm. These results are consistent with the notion that TEA produces phasic membrane electrical activity by reducing P-K. PMID- 1119584 TI - The kidney in regulation of plasma choline in the chicken. AB - Exogenous choline was administered into the wing vein of chickens until steady state plasma choline levels were achieved. Both plasma and urine were analyzed for free choline by a choline kinase, radiochemical microassay that did not require prior extraction of choline from the biological fluids. Choline was infused at rates from 0.5 to 20.0 mumol/kg-min. Total and urinary clearance were assessed at the steady state reached in each experiment. At the endogenous level of plasma choline of 0.019 mM, total clearance of choline from the plasma was about 50 ml/kg-min and urinary clearance was 0.06 ml/kg-min. There was no significant increase in urinary clearance of choline produced by infusion loads from 0.5 to 1.0 mumol/kg-min. However, as the infusion of choline was increased further, extraurinary clearance decreased while the contribution of the kidneys to total clearance of choline from the plasma increased. At the choline infusion rate of 12.5 mumol/kg-min, plasma choline was 0.5 mM and urinary choline clearance had reached a maximum value of 18.5 ml/kg-min for two kidneys, removing more than 70% of the infused choline. PMID- 1119585 TI - Effect of vagotomy on electrical activity of the small intestine of the dog. AB - The effect of bilateral thoracic vagotomy on the myoelectric activity of the small intestine was determined in conscious dogs. Animals were implanted with electrodes spaced 25 cm apart along the serosal surface of the small intestine, and a cannula was placed in the most dependent portion of the stomach. Recordings were made with dogs in the fasted and fed states. Two distinct patterns of myoelectric activity were recorded: one typical of the fasted state (the interdigestive myoelectric complex) and one typical of the fed state. After completion of the control recording periods, a truncal vagotomy was performed on each animal. Completeness of vagotomy was confirmed by lack of a gastric secretory response to insulin. Gastric stasis occurred after vagotomy; therefore, the animals' stomachs were emptied via the gastric cannula to obtain a fasted condition. Vagotomy had little to no effect on the fasted pattern of myoelectric activity. The fed pattern was significantly altered in two of the three animals. This alteration could be due to the effect of vagotomy on gastrin release. We conclude that nervous pathways within the vagus may exert some influence on intestinal myoelectric activity but that other neural-humoral pathways are probably involved. PMID- 1119586 TI - Metabolic responses to varying restrictions of coronary blood flow in swine. AB - An in situ working swine heart preparation is described in which total coronary perfusion was controlled. At normal rates of coronary flow, oxygen, glucose, and fatty acid utilization were stable for at least a 60-min perfusion period. With a 50% reduction in coronary flow, oxygen and glucose consumption were reduced during 30 min of perfusion and fatty acid extraction was lower at the end of 30 min. Glycogen utilization was increased, but tissue levels of creatine phosphate, ATP, and lactate were similar to those in hearts receiving normal flow. With a 60% reduction in coronary flow, uptake of oxygen, glucose, and fatty acids were further decreased. Tissue levels of high-energy phosphates and glycogen were decreased and ADP, AMP, and lactate increased. Mechanical performance progressively deteriorated in these hearts, and ventricular fibrillation developed after about 20 min (19.8 plus or minus 3.0 min). The data indicate that this preparation is suitable for the study of myocardial metabolism during mild and severe ischemia and may be useful for the evaluation of pharmacological interventions designed for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 1119587 TI - Some characteristics of psychiatric residency training programs. AB - The author summarizes responses to a major questionnaire survey of psychiatric residency training programs. In addition to providing objective data on residents, training staff, and on the training institution and its related facilities, the author presents information drawn from the narrative responses to questions on major issues facing psychiatry. These include training for dealing with critical social problems, recruitment of minority group trainees and faculty, and training in interdisciplinary collaboration and preparation for work with paraprofessionals. It is hoped that these data will facilitate answers to questions about the training psychiatrists should receive in the future by providing information about training programs in the immediate past. PMID- 1119588 TI - Short-term analytically oriented psychotherapy versus behavior therapy. AB - Ninety-four outpatients with anxiety neurosis or personality disorder were randomly assigned for four months to a waiting list, behavior therapy, or psychoanalytically oriented therapy. The target symptoms of all three groups improved significantly, but the two treated groups improved equally well and significantly more than those on the waiting list. There were no significant differences among the groups in work or social adjustment; however, the patients who received behavior therapy had a significant overall improvement at four months. One year and two years after the initial assessment, all groups were found to be equally and significantly improved. PMID- 1119589 TI - Short versus long hospitalization: a prospective controlled study. II. Results for schizophrenic inpatients. AB - The authors compared treatment results for 141 schizophrenic patients randomly assigned to short-term or long-term hospitalization. The patients received intensive treatment and were on partially fixed drug dosage schedules. Test results indicated that the short-term group was functioning better at four weeks. However, at discharge (21 to 28 days for short-term patients; 90 to 120 days for long-term) the long-term group showed significantly better functioning. There were no significant differences between the groups on symptomatology at discharge. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for decisions regarding length and type of hospitalization for schizophrenic patients. PMID- 1119590 TI - Intellectual and neuropsychological functions in young men with heavy and long term patterns of drug abuse. AB - The authors attempted to determine the long-term effects of heavy drug abuse in 87 male prisoners. The sample was divided into the following groups: 1) nondrug users; 2) users of cannabis and hallucinogens; 3) users of cannabis, hallucinogens, and amphetamines; and 4) users of cannabis, hallucinogens, amphetamines, and opiates. Intellectual and neuropsychological tests sensitive to brain dysfunction revealed no intergroup differences. This finding casts some doubt on other reports suggesting that long-term drug abuse results in neuropsychological disorders. However, the authors caution that one should not conclude that no organic changes occurred in their sample. PMID- 1119591 TI - Psychiatric resident suicide: an analysis of five cases. AB - The authors present case histories of five psychiatric residents in a large metropolitan area who committed suicide during an 11-year period. Although they found no single precipitant or predictor, they noted striking similarities in the cases, including a high incidence of psychopathology manifested in marital problems, absence of close personal relationships, previous psychotherapy, drug and/or alcohol abuse, etc. The authors suggest an interaction of personal, peer, and institutional factors as casual in all of these suicides and recommend such improvements in residency programs as providing individual faculty preceptors for each resident and facilitating psychotherapy for troubled residents. PMID- 1119592 TI - Outpatient alcohol detoxification: initial findings on 564 patients. AB - The authors report on a large-scale outpatient alcohol detoxification program, presenting a clinical rationale for outpatient detoxification, describing the program method, and giving initial evaluation data on the first 564 patients. Only 47 percent of the patients required detoxification, and only 19 percent of these required inpatient care. The majority of the patients successfully completed outpatient detoxification; half of these continued in the related rehabilitation program. There were no fatalities. The authors believe the results support the utility of outpatient detoxification as a cost-effective alternative to inpatient detoxification for the majority of acute alcoholics. PMID- 1119593 TI - The pregnant psychotherapist in training: some preliminary findings and impressions. AB - With more women entering general medical and psychiatric training, the more that supervisors and staff can understand the impact of the resident's pregnancy on the resident and others, the more helpful they can be to her and she to herself. The authors' work was done at what was formerly the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, which has had a larger percent of women in psychiatric training than most programs. This report is derived from a pilot study on the pregnant therapist. PMID- 1119595 TI - Editorial: Identifying trends in residency training: a basis for improving the profession. PMID- 1119594 TI - Psychological dimensions of internation dependency. AB - The author analyzes the psychological consequences of international dependency, advancing 13 propositions as clues for a heuristic understanding of the dynamics of dependent relationships between nations. He believes that these relationships must be understood before they can be improved. The author proposes coequal alliances and multinational aid as desirable alternatives to existing political economic-military strategies. PMID- 1119596 TI - Childhood chemotherapy and later drug abuse and growth curve: a follow-up study of 30 adolescents. AB - The authors studies the correlation of methylphenidate medication in childhood with later drug abuse and growth in height. Thirty adolescents with histories of minimal brain dysfunction who had been treated for at least six months with chemotherapy were compared with 30 adolescents who had not been so treated. The findings do not indicate that methylphenidate prescribed in childhood contributed to later drug abuse or seriously interfered with growth in height. PMID- 1119597 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in acute schizophrenia. AB - The authors found normal monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in 40 acute schizophrenic patients, in contrast to previous reports of a genetically linked platelet MAO deficit in chronic schizophrenia. Variations in MAO activity were not significantly associated with the 65 clinical variables analyzed, although there was a tendency for patients in the low-MAO group to have more severely impaired reality testing, more paranoid and grandiose delusions, better prognostic scores, and less restlessness. PMID- 1119598 TI - The postdivorce clinic. AB - The authors describe a clinic that evaluates court-referred families who have child custody or visitation problems in the postdivorce period. A multidisciplinary staff uses interviews, auxiliary sources of information, and psychological testing to arrive at recommendations that often address issues not specifically mentioned in the legal proceedings, particularly regarding treatment for disturbed children. The authors suggest that the clinic is an example of an appropriate interaction between law and psychiatry. PMID- 1119599 TI - Alcoholism and forcible rape. AB - Data collected from detailed autobiographies of 77 convicted rapists revealed that 50 percent of them were drinking at the time of the rape and that 35 percent were alcoholics. This strong association between alcoholism and forcible rape highlights the importance of follow-up treatment programs for the alcoholic sex offender; such programs should focus on adequate control of his drinking behavior as well as on his sexual adjustment. PMID- 1119600 TI - Similarities between parents and offspring on a personality inventory. AB - The authors administered a personality inventory that has been used as a psychiatric screening test to 28 children and their natural parents. By intercorrelations between the tests of parents and offspring they attempted to find out whether the offspring resembled the parent of same sex, the parent of the opposite sex, or a composite of both parents. They found that the offspring resembled their peer group more often than either parent or a composite of both parents. PMID- 1119601 TI - Indian children and tribal group homes: new interpretations of the Whipper Man. AB - The authors describe a community-based children's home and child welfare program among a tribe of Plateau Indians. The program has been effective because it is compatible with this Indian culture, which accepts extended family and community responsibility for child care. The authors feel that the program demonstrates principles of primary prevention in community mental health. PMID- 1119602 TI - Letter: Electroconvulsive therapy in patients with parkinsonism. PMID- 1119603 TI - Letter: Accuracy of diagnosis and genetic factors in schizophrenia. PMID- 1119604 TI - Letter: Accuracy of diagnosis and genetic factors in schizophrenia. PMID- 1119605 TI - Letter: Electroconvulsive therapy and language. PMID- 1119606 TI - Letter: On reporting data statistically. PMID- 1119607 TI - Letter: On reporting data statistically. PMID- 1119608 TI - Letter: Suggestions for psychiatric record audit. PMID- 1119609 TI - Dangerousness and civil commitment of the mentally ill: some public policy considerations. AB - The author discusses "dangerousness to others" as a ground for involuntary civil commitment of the mentally ill, suggesting that there is often a confounding of legal/public-policy concerns and mental health concerns in issues related to this concept. The questionable nature of the presumption of dangerousness in mental patients and the overprediction of dangerous behavior for this group indicate that such commitment processes may circumvent legal safeguards designed to ensure due process. The author recommends that psychiatrists and other mental health professionals assume greater responsibility for the ways in which their services are used in these proceedings. PMID- 1119610 TI - Milieu process during the residency turnover: the human cost of psychiatric education. PMID- 1119611 TI - Token programs in an acute psychiatric hospital. AB - The author has used individually prescribed token economies with about 5 percent of his acute psychiatric inpatients. Previous reports have dealt primarily with chronic patients. Case reviews indicated that patients chosen for these programs fell into four categories (which are illustrated by case histories): depressed complainers, apathetic and withdrawn patients, agitated psychotics, and impulsive, acting-out nonpsychotics. The author recommends techniques for patient selection, goal setting, and determination of reinforcers, and suggests that use of token programs may forestall the social breakdown syndrome in very disturbed patients. PMID- 1119612 TI - Cardiovascular malformations with lithium use during pregnancy. AB - The 143 cases of lithium use during pregnancy collected by the Register of Lithium Babies show that infants exposed to lithium appear to have a higher than expected ratio of cardiovascular anomalies to all anomalies and may have an increased risk of congenital heart disease. The authors believe that these findings justify a conservative policy on the use of lithium with fertile and pregnant women. PMID- 1119614 TI - Atypical tardive dyskinesia. AB - The author reports an atypical case of tardive dyskinesia in a 19-year-old male who had been given relatively low dosages of neuroleptic medication for less than 6 months. The symptoms cleared within 3 months after the medication was discontinued. The author reviews the literature regarding similar atypical cases and suggests that increased reporting and careful description of such cases might be useful in furthering our understanding of this syndrome. PMID- 1119613 TI - Drug-induced dystonia. AB - Among 1,152 psychiatric inpatients who received a phenothiazine, a butyrophenone, or a thioxanthene, 116 developed dystonia attributed to one or more of these drugs. The highest frequencies of dystonia occurred among recipients of haloperidol and the long-acting injectable fluphenazines. For all patients at risk, dystonia was more common in men and in younger patients. For chlorpromazine, high doses, male sex, and low age were each positively associated with dystonia. PMID- 1119615 TI - Electrocardiographic monitoring of enuretic children receiving therapeutic doses of imipramine. AB - The authors studied the monthly electrocardiographic tracings of 27 children with normal cardiovascular function receiving imipramine therapy for enuresis. They found no substantial EKG changes in any of these children, who were receiving doses of 25 to 75 mg of the drug. They conclude that electrocardiographic monitoring may be essential only when more than 25 to 75 mg of imipramine is given and that it should be established that the patient's cardiovascular function is normal before the drug is administered. PMID- 1119616 TI - Imipramine and electrocardiographic abnormalities in hyperactive children. AB - The authors report seven cases of electrocardiographic abnormalities occurring in 7- to 10-year-old children receiving imipramine pharmacotherapy for behavior disorders. Three of the children evidenced a first-degree atrioventricular block. The abnormalities were less pronounced in the other four children. Imipramine plasma levels during steady state were not found to be directly related to the extent of the electrocardiographic changes within the obtained plasma values. The authors emphasize the necessity of careful clinical surveillance of children receiving imipramine pharmacotherapy. PMID- 1119617 TI - Imipramine dosage in children: a comment on "imipramine and electrocardiographic abnormalities in hyperactive children". AB - The authors asked that this paper be published as a comment on the preceding article by Dr. Winsberg and associates, who approved the suggestion. PMID- 1119619 TI - The impact of the psychiatric intensive care unit on patients and staff. AB - Inpatient crisis intervention units have many of the characteristics of medical/surgical intensive care units. The author believes that the environment of these psychiatric intensive care units serves as an important source of stress and may increase the patient's symptomatology and impair the therapeutic effectiveness of the staff. He suggests some modifications in the environment that may ameliorate these effects. PMID- 1119618 TI - Allergic conjunctivitis due to diazepam. AB - The author reports on four patients, all women, who developed conjunctival hypersensitivity during diazepam treatment. This hypersensitivity is self-limited after diazepam treatment is discontinued. The author suggests that conjunctival hypersensitivity could be mistakenly attributed to contact lens irritation rather than to diazepam. PMID- 1119620 TI - Depression in thyrotoxicosis. AB - The author describes the case of a middle-aged man who was admitted twice to a psychiatric hospital with depression. On the second admission, his mental state improved following treatment for thyrotoxicosis. The author emphasizes the importance of recognizing such atypical presentations of thyrotoxicosis and postulates a possible depression-producing mechanism in predisposed individuals. PMID- 1119621 TI - Suicide attempted by self-immolation. AB - The authors found that 14 individuals who had attempted suicide by self immolation all had psychiatric illness (most were psychotic), and many had religious preoccupations. There was a reversal of the usual male to female ratios for burn injury and for successful suicide--all 5 completed suicides were women. Although self-immolation as social protest was widely publicized during the years surveyed, the authors note that these individuals all attempted suicide for personal and irrational rather than morally idealistic reasons. PMID- 1119622 TI - An investigation of calendar calculating by an idiot savant. AB - Three mechanisms (eidetic imagery, high-speed calculation, and substitute compensation for normal learning) were investigated and rejected as possible explanations for the calendar-calculating ability of a particular idiot savant. Reaction times for calendar calculations indicated that he used neither an idiosyncratic nor a calendar-based system. Rote memory and a special ability to concentrate for extended periods of time were postulated to explain this individual's performance. PMID- 1119623 TI - Letter: The "wizards" speak out. PMID- 1119624 TI - Letter: The "wizards" speak out. PMID- 1119626 TI - Letter: The "wizards" speak out. PMID- 1119625 TI - Letter: The "wizards" speak out. PMID- 1119627 TI - Letter: A physical symptom in bipolar episodes. PMID- 1119628 TI - Letter: Prevention of iatrogenic epidemics. PMID- 1119629 TI - Letter: More on dominance, Freud, and sex. PMID- 1119630 TI - Letter: More on dominance, Freud, and sex. PMID- 1119631 TI - Letter: Phentermine addiction and thyroxine abuse associated with hypothyroidism. PMID- 1119632 TI - Shifting age-parity distribution of births and the decrease in infant mortality. PMID- 1119633 TI - The Denver Development Screening Test. A normative study. PMID- 1119634 TI - A comparison of the health of index and subsequent babies born to school age mothers. PMID- 1119635 TI - The practice of family health care. A descriptive study. PMID- 1119636 TI - Factors promoting success in infant education. PMID- 1119637 TI - Evaluation of a school health program directed to children with history of high absence. PMID- 1119638 TI - Who should administer school nursing services? PMID- 1119639 TI - Quality assessment of restorations in a population of school children. AB - An index to measure quality of dental restorative care was devised and utilized on a population of 838 Caucasian school children in a large midwestern city. Quality was measured using a four-point scale. All restorations present were considered as part of the entire mouth. Quality was tested in relation to socioeconomic status. Based on this index the problem of poor quality dental restorations is significant and not necessarily related to socioeconomic status as represented by income or education. Evidence of high quality dentistry as evidenced by stainless steel crowns, space maintainers, and orthodontic appliances was limited to children whose families reported incomes over $6,000. Further use of this quality index is recommended to improve and refine measurements in the area of dental care. PMID- 1119640 TI - The costs of detection and treatment programs for infectious kidney disease. PMID- 1119641 TI - Modern roles of APHA in housing. PMID- 1119642 TI - Editorial: Mother and child and all of us. PMID- 1119643 TI - Letter: Foresight vs. 20/20 hindsight. PMID- 1119644 TI - Lymphangiography in ovarian cancer. AB - Lymphangiography can be of assistance in pre-treatment staging and thereby influence management of patients with ovarian cancer. The distribution of lymph node metastases was related to the histologic type of ovarian neoplasm. Tumors of germ cell origin more frequently spread to para-aortic lymph nodes, while epithelial neoplasms of the ovary metastasized to the pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, apparently in continuity. In this series, lymph node metastasis from ovarian cancer was seldom associated with ascites. PMID- 1119645 TI - Preoperative irradiation in renal cancer. Evaluation of radiation treatment plans. AB - 1. Analysis of radiation treatment plans of a preoperative irradiation study of the kidney indicates that the primary cancer has been treated to levels of 4,500 rads plus or minus 10 per cent in 90 per cent of the instances. 2. The major problem, from the point of view of the radiation therapist's treatment planning, is the delivery of adequate doses to the regional nodal volume. Only 25 per cent received the prescribed dose. Special booster fields are required. 3. Surgical resection of regional lymph nodes and renal vein thrombus, if present, is recommended, since the deliverance of full radiation doses is not likely without exceeding tolerance of vital normal tissues. PMID- 1119646 TI - Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas in adults. AB - A retrospective review of 100 selected patients with soft tissue sarcomas treated by conservative excision and postoperative radiation therapy shows the following: 1. In extremity lesions, a functional limb can be preserved. The 5 year survival rate free of disease is 62 per cent (23/37). 2. The control rate of the soft tissue sarcomas is related to the anatomic site of origin rather than histologic type of the tumor except rhabdomyosarcomas. In lesions of the extremities, the control rate is 82 per cent (51/62). 3. The first manifestation of spread is usually distant metastasis rather than regional lymph node metastasis. 4. The complications can be minimized if sufficient attention is given to the placement of the surgical scar and the radiotherapeutic technique. PMID- 1119647 TI - Selective intra-arterial embolization of bone tumors. A useful adjunct in the management of selected lesions. AB - Our initial experience with therapeutic selective arterial embolization of 3 highly vascular bone tumors is discussed. In 2 benign lesions embolization of Gelfoam particles through a large bore selective catheter facilitated complete resection by limiting hemorrhage at the time of surgery. Embolization of a vascular malignant tumor provided temporary palliation. PMID- 1119648 TI - The tumbling bullet sign in a post-traumatic bone cyst. AB - Various hypotheses for the etiology of unicameral bone cysts are discussed. The unique documentation of a lesion which developed as a result of a bullet wound appears to lend credence to trauma as an inciting agent. PMID- 1119649 TI - Irradiation of stage I and II Hodgkin's disease. AB - One must conclude on the basis of the above analysis that tumor doses in excess of 3,600 or 4,000 rads add only to morbidity, and not to local control. Secondly, the technique of irradiating involved lymph node groups only, leaving other areas to be treated "later," apparently denies the possibility of cure to a significant number of patients with early stage Hodgkin's disease. Recurrence or extension almost uniformly leads to eventual death from disease despite retreatment. No case of second primary cancer has been documented in the patient population included in this report. However, the number at risk is relatively small and chemotherapy was reserved only for generalized recurrence. Since the reported 20 times expected incidence occurred with the combination of total-nodal and multple agent chemotherapy, one would not expect an increased incidence of second primary lesions in this series. PMID- 1119650 TI - Iodine 125 source in interstitial tumor therapy. Clinical and biological considerations. AB - Our clinical experience with interstitial tumor therapy is presented in 2 groups of patients: 98 patients with metastatic carcinoma in neck lymph nodes implanted with iodine 125, iridium 192 or radon 222 encapsulated sources, and 105 patients with primary unresectable lung tumors, which were implanted either with radon 222 or iodine 125 seeds. The local tumor control rates with iodine 125, radon 222 and iridium 192 were 78 per cent (38/49), 65 per cent (15/23) and 58 per cent (7/12), while the local complication rates were 17 per cent, 35 per cent and 43 per cent, respectively. An analysis of the tumor control rate as a function of the implanted tumor dose shows that the iodine 125 implants with a delivery of the minimal effective tumor dose of 16,000 rads have a higher therapeutic effect than either radon 222 or iridium 192. The results of the patients with unresectable lung tumors similarly show that the implants with iodine 125 sources are superior to those with radon 222. The advantages could stem from the better spatial dose distribution, and from radiobiologic considerations associated with low dose rates, continous irradiation, and possibly gains in RBE. There present clinical data clearly demonstrate that iodine 125 seeds have a higher therapeutic ratio than radon 222 seeds. There are, in addition, distinct physical advantages making iodine 125 an attractive substitute for radon 222 for the interstitial implantation of malignant tumors. PMID- 1119651 TI - The therapeutic use of fractionated subtotal body irradiation. AB - A technique is presented for the treatment of generalized radiosensitive malignancies. The results of fractionated STBI (subtotal body irradiation) in a group of 41 patients are at least as satisfactory as those achieved by any other therapeutic modality. Eight of 9 patients with generalized Stage III and IV nodular lymphocytic lymphoma, both well and poorly differentiated, are living without evidence of disease, from 15 to 82 months since treatment. PMID- 1119652 TI - The radius-dose relationship in linear source therapy. AB - The rationale and physical data are presented which support the hypothesis that the tolerance dose on the surface of a cylindrical applicator containing a central linear source is inversely proportional to the cube root of its radius. PMID- 1119653 TI - An "instantaneous" display linear accelerator field flatness monitor. AB - A beam flatness monitor is described which consists of 16 iron chambers and amplifiers, the outputs of which are sequentially sampled and displayed as a series of dots or lines on a conventional CRO, giving an instantaneous display of beam flatness variations. The device is used routinely for checking the beam flatness of our Linacs. The device involves no new principles, but represents a radical change in approach to the checking of Linac beam uniformity. PMID- 1119654 TI - Basal ganglia calcification as a late radiation effect. AB - Basal ganglia calcification following radiation therapy has rarely been documented in the literature. A case of diffuse bilateral basal ganglia calcification developing 6 years after irridiation of a hypothalamic glioma is presented. Review of previous reports and other causes of basal ganglia calcification are discussed. PMID- 1119655 TI - The network concept in the cancer center. Presidential address, 1974. PMID- 1119656 TI - Magnification angiography. Identifying the capsular vasculature of acoustic neuromas. AB - Five cases of acoustic neuromas studied angiographically are presented. Magnification techniques enhance the visualization of the fine capsular vessels of these tumors. When shown, these abnormal vessels are probably pathognomonic of a neuroma. PMID- 1119657 TI - Dosimetry of spherical Sr-90-Y-90 beta ray eye applicators. AB - A modification of the conventional extrapolation chamber to perform absolute dose measurements from surfaces of spherical beta applicators (type SIA.I, SIA.3, SIA.6) is described. A stack of Ilford N 550 films has been used in a spherical geometry to obtain the variation of surface dose, the depth dose data and the isodose curves. The results obtained are compared with data available in the literature. PMID- 1119658 TI - Control by irradiation alone of nonfixed clinically positive lymph nodes from squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic larynx, and hypopharynx. AB - The records from 1948 through 1967 of 344 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic larynx and hypopharynx who had clinically positive cervical lymph node metastases staged N1, N2A, or N2B, and whose initial neck treatment consisted of external radiation therapy alone were reviewed. After appropriate exclusions the study group consists of 183 patients. The dose to the lymph node(s) was calculated retrospectively. The control rates for N1 lymph nodes are 91.5 per cent (76/83) and for N2 lymph nodes 78.5 per cent (55/70) in the patients whose lymph node(s) were well included in the irradiated volume and received a known dose. A dose response analysis shows that doses in the range of 6,500 rads to a single lymph node, 3 cm. or less in diameter, produce 90 per cent control. When a nonfixed metastatic lymph node of 3 cm. or more in diameter of multiple lymph nodes are present or there is questionable coverage, external irradiation alone cannot be relied upon for control and a neck dissection should follow. PMID- 1119659 TI - Hyperuricemia in cancer of the larynx. Preliminary report. AB - Serum uric acid values were obtained in 94 patients with cancer, prior to and upon completion of radiation therapy. Hyperuricemia was persistent in all of the patients with carcinoma of the larynx. Explanation for this finding is uncertain. Serum uric acid levels for all other cancers, in this series, were not impressive. PMID- 1119660 TI - Computer-assisted thyroidal technetium uptake measurement using a short pinhole to-surface distance. AB - The close pinhole view of the thyroid presents some important measurement problems. Possible errors due to gland, neck and set-up geometry are accentuated due to the effects of the inverse square law, and care is needed to control these. The nonuniform response inherent in the use of the pinhole collimator has a significant effect, but with computer processing this is readily eliminated. ENR subtraction may become difficult in certain circumstances, as insufficient "background areas" may be viewed, but it has been shown that the use of a "universal" (for the particular system) ENR subtraction may give, if anything, more accurate results. With these precautions in use, important errors will be of the same order of magnitude as those involved in more distant views, and may thus be kept within the realms of clinical significance. On the other hand, considerable improvements in both resolution and sensitivity make the use of the closer view an asset to both the research laboratory and the small department involved mainly in routine service work. PMID- 1119661 TI - Late recurrence in medulloblastoma. AB - The authors present 3 cases of recurrence of medulloblastoma at 6 years, 6 years 7 months, and 7 years 4 months disease-free intervals from the time of diagnosis. Two of these cases have violated Collins' rule of survivorship; i.e., an interval longer than the patient's age plus 9 months being equivalent to cure. Two of the cases were biopsy proven recurrences of medulloblastoma and in the third, the recurrence was diagnosed on the basis of clinical and roentgenographic data. Other than for these late recurrences, our series is similar to other series reported in the literature. PMID- 1119662 TI - Metastatic carcinoma simulating inflammatory colitis. AB - Metastatic carcinoma to the colon may be mistaken for inflammatory colitis, particulary Crohn's disease, both clinically and roentgenologically. Characteristic changes include mucosal thickening, nodular masses, multiple and eccentric strictures, asymmetric involvement, pseudosacculations, and spiculations of contour. This report, based upon experience with 12 cases, establishes the distinctive roentgen features of metastatic disease to the colon from a variety of primary sites. It is shown that these changes are dependent upon pathways of spread, growth characteristics, and local tissue response. The clinical importance of making this differential diagnosis is two-fold. A patient with an occult or a known primary malignancy may present clinically with metastatic disease to the colon masquerading as inflammatory colitis. Recognition of the characteristic roentgenologic changes immediately either leads to a search for the primary neoplasm or establishes the diagnosis of widespread disease. PMID- 1119663 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix: a time dose analysis of control and complications. AB - The use of 3 dose assessment systems is compared. The Manchester approach which measures a dose to Point A and Point B; the Paris approach using rads and mgh; and Ellis's NSD approach appear to have equal value in predicting probability of pelvic control and the likelihood of complication over the dose range employed at this hospital. Control increases with higher dose schemes, but complications appear to be influenced by other variables not accounted for in the 3 systems. PMID- 1119664 TI - Indications for adjunctive conservative extrafascial hysterectomy in selected cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - The survival rates for a selected group of patients with large central lesions, either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma and managed by combining irradiation and a conservative extrafascial hysterectomy, are comparable to those of carcinoma of the cervix in general. Death is caused much more often by distant metastases and intercurrent disease than by failure within the irradiated volume. PMID- 1119665 TI - Numbers of Giardia in the feces of infected children. AB - Estimates were made of the number of Giardia in 1,090 stools from 15 infected children over periods of 1 to 3 months. Three patterns of excretion were observed: 1) high, with the parasite abundant in nearly all stools; 2) low, with the parasite detectable in only 40% of the stools and scanty when present; and 3) mixed, with periods of 1 to 3 weeks of high excretion alternating with generally shorter periods of low excretion, and an overall average of about 60% of stools positive. The presence and relative numbers of Giardia in the feces apparently were unrelated to either the consistency of the stools or frequency of defecation. Attempts to increase parasite excretion with purgatives were, on the whole, unsuccessful. PMID- 1119666 TI - Evaluation of the skin test for hookworm as an epidemiological tool. AB - The usefulness of a skin test with larval Necator americanus antigen for assessment of hookworm prevalence was evaluated in an endemic area of Costa Rica. In comparison with standard coprologic techniques employed to survey the population, the skin test detected 83% of infections, showing a fairly satisfactory sensitivity. The overall specificity of the test was 50%, i.e., random. No correlation was found between skin reactivity and hookworm burden. The sensitivity of the test increased moderately with age, but its specificity decreased significantly at the same time. False positive reactions were more numerous among persons formerly infected with hookworm who had been negative for as long as 5 years. There was an indication of cross reactivity with intestinal nematodes other than hookworm. The test was used to detect hookworm infected persons in the community for selective treatment, in comparison with mass treatment of all the people in another village. The selective administration of an anthelminthic drug to only skin test positive persons did not achieve the same drop in community hookworm prevalence as did the indiscriminate treatment of the whole population. PMID- 1119667 TI - Infection of the mastoid bone with a Paragonimus-like trematode. AB - Three unusual cases of mastoid abscess are described. Case histories and the clinical, laboratory, radiological, surgical, and histopathological findings in the patients are reported. Operculated eggs measuring about 60 mu times 40 mu were seen in pus obtained from two cases, but no adult worm was recovered. The findings suggest that the infections could have been caused by either Paragonimus species or Poikilorchis (Achillurbania) species. PMID- 1119668 TI - Renographic studies in vesical schistosomiasis in children. AB - Renal function in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium and in uninfected controls has been studied with the I131 hippuran renogram. The results suggest that renographic abnormalities which persist after a water-load are more common in infected children who have heavy egg-output in their urine, and abnormal pyelograms. Specific chemotherapy restored the renogram to normal within 3 weeks in several cases. It is suggested that the renogram is useful for the assessment and followup of patients with vesical schistosomiasis, and further work should be done to more clearly define the renal function of such patients. PMID- 1119669 TI - Studies on schistosomiasis in Somalia. AB - A survey was made on the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis in 14 localities in 4 areas in Somalia has revealed the presence of urinary bilharziasis among the inhabitants of all these localities, this being much higher in the two areas where water development has been accomplished. The mean prevalence of infection was found to be 27.2% and 58.1% in the two areas where water development has only been planned, while it was 58.7% and 75.6% in the two areas where the extension of irrigation was achieved years ago. Snails were collected from the habitats visited and these were identified. The role of Bulinus abyssinicus in the transmission of infection was proven. PMID- 1119670 TI - The relation of worm burden to passage of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in the urine of infected patients. AB - Patients scheduled for cystectomy for bladder carcinoma or exstrophy of the bladder were studied. The number of eggs per day passed in the urine preoperatively was compared with the number of worms recovered from the cystectomy specimen by dissection. A mean of 203 embryonated Schistosoma haematobium eggs per day per worm pair were recovered from the urine of active, untreated cases. The relation between the number of S. haematobium females recovered and the number of living eggs passed in the urine was questionably significant. The correlation between S. haematobium females and all eggs (living and dead) passed in the urine was somewhat better. Several S. mansoni females were recovered from one specimen. This patient passed 139 embryonated S. mansoni eggs per day in the urine for each female worm recovered. Only one active case, treated 6 weeks before operation, might have been missed on routine parasitological examination of the urine. PMID- 1119671 TI - Chiropteran rabies in Florida: a twenty-year analysis, 1954 to 1973. AB - Chiropteran rabies in Florida is analyzed for the 20-year period 1954 to 1973. The examination of 6,447 bats between 1954 and 1961 yielded 55 (0.85%) positive animals. From 1962 to 1973 however, 2,293 bats examined yielded 236 (10.3%) positive. The yellow bat, Lasiurus intermedius floridanus, accounted for 183 (63.1%) of all cases of chiropteran rabies. Sporadic cases occurred throughout the state with more being reported from the central portion of the state. Cases have been reported every month of the year, peaking in July and August. There were no significant differences in the distribution of rabies in colonial or noncolonial bats by sex or age. There were also no significant differences in the number of reported human and dog contacts made by rabid and non-rabid bats. Clinically ill bats found negative for rabies had a significantly higher contact rate with cats than did rabid bats. PMID- 1119672 TI - Liver abscess due to ascarid in Iran. AB - A deep 3-cm liver abscess with resulting exogenous cholecystitis, pericholecystitis and adhesions caused by an adult Ascaris was discovered by laparotomy in a 63-year-old man in northwest Iran. Though Ascaris infection rates are high in most major areas of the country, this apparently is the first case of liver abscess caused by Ascaris to be reported from Iran. PMID- 1119674 TI - Clinical spectrum of the Budd-Chiari syndrome and its surgical management. PMID- 1119673 TI - Exchange transfusion in hepatic coma: factors affecting results, with long-term follow-up data. AB - 1. Exchange transfusion in our experience has produced a response in 42 per cent of the patients. 2. Complicating factors, primarily sepsis, have been responsible for a 50 per cent mortality in those patients who initially respond, yielding a survival rate of 21 per cent. 3. In a select group of patients with infectious hepatitis under the age of twenty-five years, the survival rate was 37.5 per cent. 4. Excess bilirubin and ammonia rebound after exchange transfusions indicates a grave prognosis. 5. All survivors have normal results on liver function studies. PMID- 1119675 TI - An electron microscopic study of the effects of portacaval shunts on the ultrastructure of the rat liver after partial hepatectomy. AB - The normally quiescent stable adult liver has a generous capacity for reparative hypertrophy and hyperplasia after loss of functional tissue. The large reserve of the liver's functional capacity permits survival of the animal even if over 70 per cent of its liver is removed. It retains an inherent capacity for regenerative growth which subsides once the original organ deficit is restored. This study attempted to resolve the question of whether alteration in hepatic hemodynamics affects the regenerative stimulus of the liver after partial (70 per cent) hepatectomy. It has shown that the liver remnant regenerates after reduction of portal blood flow by construction of a portacaval anastomosis. The diversion of blood from the liver exerts its own histologic and electron microscopic effects on the liver. Reduction of portal blood flow affects the temporal patterns of regeneration after partial hepatectomy but does not prevent completion of the regenerative process. Correlation of this study with the biochemical data available in the literature indicates that the structural changes in the cellular organelles during the process of regeneration reflect dynamic biochemical events that are based on a predetermined genetic code representing the key to life that is uniquely found in the liver. PMID- 1119676 TI - Analysis of gallbladder bile in morbid obesity. AB - Thirty-seven per cent of our grossly obese patients selected for gastric bypass had cholesterol gallstones. To document the composition of the biliary lipids prior to weight loss, the bile taken from eleven obese patients at the time of gastric bypass was analyzed and the results compared with those in eleven nonobese patients undergoing elective surgery. There was extreme supersaturation of both gallbladder and hepatic bile in all obese patients. The gallbladder bile of all obese patients fell well outside the micellar zone whereas the bile from all but one of the controls fell within the micellar zone. These data provide biochemical support for the clinical association of obesity and cholesterol gallstone formation and are evidence against the possibility that gastric bypass is a lithogenic operation. PMID- 1119677 TI - Prognostic evaluation of regional lymph node morphology colorectal cancer. AB - Histologic sections from 143 patients treated with surgery for infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the distal large bowel were studied with emphasis on the morphologic characteristics of the regional lymph nodes. Lymph nodes were classified into four groups designated lymphocyte predominance, germinal center predominance, lymphocyte depletion, and unstimulated. Results were correlated with the extent of disease and five year survival data. There was no significant association between the histologic pattern of the lymph nodes and the extent of the primary lesion. There was a higher survival rate in patients whose nodes showed germinal center predominance (71 per cent) compared with those whose nodes showed lymphocyte predominance or the unstimulated pattern (both 54 per cent), but these results were not statistically significant. PMID- 1119678 TI - Comparison of colonoscopy and the contrast enema in five hundred patients with colorectal disease. AB - Endoscopic examination of the entire colon (colonoscopy) is an important new method of diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the colon and rectum, particularly cancer. The records of 500 patients who had one or more contrast enemas and subsequent colonoscopy were analyzed in an attempt to evaluate the competitive and complementary features of the two methods. The endoscopists had the advantage of having a radiologic report or radiographs available to them. In general, when the level of abnormality could be reached, colonoscopy had a higher degree of accuracy, particularly since observation could be combined with biopsy. This was particularly true in the case of polyps in which colonoscopy confirmed 166 radiologically described growths plus an additional 118 lesion, twenty-one of which were over 1 cm in diameter. By endoscopic excision of these polyps via the colonoscope, malignant changes can be identified, a conclusion rarely reached by radiographic means alone. With respect to cancer, exclusive of polyps, only twenty-four of thirty-two cases were diagnosed by x-ray study alone. Another nine, interpreted aa demonstrating malignancy from the radiographs, had cancer excluded when subjected to endoscopic confirmation. Colonoscopy has also proved valuable in identifying lesions of the cecum, notoriously a problem for the radiologist, and in identifying milder degrees of inflammatory change which are undetectable by radiographic means. Colonoscopy and the contrast enema are best reported as completmentary rather than competitive approaches, and by their combined use, diagnostic accuracy is greatly enhanced. PMID- 1119679 TI - The injured colon: therapeutic considerations. AB - A prospective randomized study was carried out at the Detroit General Hospital over a two year period to evaluate methods of management in 165 patients with colonic injuries. Results of the study show that primary closure is a safe and reiable method of management when rigid criteria are incorporated in an ongoing protocol. Moreover, the technic of exteriorization is a safe adjunct to management and is recommended in any patient with a colonic injury above 18 cm in which one suture line is required and in which the additional operating time of twenty minutes will not compromise the management of secondary injuries. Patients not fulfilling these criteria should have primary colostomy. These principles make it possible to reduce the need for primary colostomy to approximately 50 per cent in a large ongoing group of patients with colonic injury. PMID- 1119680 TI - Absorption of carbohydrates and vitamins in the preserved and transplanted small intestine. AB - A significant impairment in the intestinal absorption of D-xylose and vitamin A was observed in the first weeks after preservation and transplantation of the whole small bowel. Functional recovery was only observed in long-term survivors, usually transplanted dogs that lived more than five weeks. There was no impairment in the absorption of vitamin B12. Only prolonged survivors showed low normal limits of vitamin B12. PMID- 1119681 TI - Jejunal mucosal graft: a sutureless technic for repair of high bile duct strictures. AB - A simplified sutureless technic for the repair of high bile duct strictures is described. The technic combines the principle of a transhepatic tube together with a mucosal graft formed by removing a seromuscular patch near the end of a Roux-en-Y loop of jejunum creating a mucosal outpouching. The biliary tree is entered at the hilum of the liver and a latex rubber tube is drawn through the liver and anchored to the Roux-en-Y loop through the previously created mucosal diverticulum. The tube is pulled back into the liver carrying with it the sleeve of jejunal mucosa into the duct system in contact with the epithelium of the intrahepatic ducts. The technic is simple, easy, and quick. There is no difficult and tedious duct dissection of hepaticodochojejunal anastomosis to perform. It provides mucosa to mucosa approximation and eliminates the need for sutures through or near the mucosa to compromise the blood supply and prevent primary healing. The stent tube is easily removed without reoperation when desired. Finally, there is access to the biliary tree for daily irrigation, radiography, and cultures. From 1969 to 1972, sixty-one repairs were performed in fifty seriously ill patients utilizing the principles of this sutureless technic. All had had failure of previous attempts at repair with an average of 2.86 previous biliary tract operations per patient. Eight-five per cent of the patients have had an ultimately successful result. The mean postoperative hospital stay was only 19.6 days. Although the follow-up period is still short, these preliminary results are most encouraging. PMID- 1119682 TI - Pathophysiology of stress ulcer and its prevention. II. Prostaglandin E1 and microcirculatory responses in stress ulcer. AB - PGE1 completely prevented the formation of stress ulcers when administered in doses of 4 to 5 mg/kg or more. However, at this dose, complications and mortality were significant. PMID- 1119683 TI - Editorial: Precision choledochotomy. PMID- 1119684 TI - Pre- and postoperative care of the patient with intestinal bypass for obesity. PMID- 1119685 TI - Mechanical cleansing of contaminated wounds with a surfactant. AB - Mechanical cleansing of a wound with a sponge soaked in a surfactant has prevented the development of experimental wound infection. The surfactant utilized for wound cleansing is Pluronic F-68, a member of a family of block copolymers called Pluronic polyols. Long-term toxicity studies and clinical trials suggest that this surfactant is safe for human use. Pluronic F-68 is a nonionic detergent that does not have any intrinsic antibacterial activity. Although mechanical cleansing with saline-soaked sponges effectively removes bacteria, it damages the wound and impairs its resistance to infection. The severity of the damage to the skin exerted by the sponge can be correlated with its porosity. Sponges with a low porosity are abrasive and exert more damage to skin than do sponges with a higher porosity. The addition of Pluronic F-68 to even the most abrasive sponges ensures that the bacterial removal efficiency of the sponge scrub is maintained, while tissue trauma is minimized. This dual effect of the surfactant results in a dramatic reduction in the infection rate of contaminated wounds. On the basis of these results, a clinical trial with surfactant-soaked sponges would appear to be indicated. PMID- 1119686 TI - Pathophysiology of stress ulcer and its prevention. I. Pharmacologic doses of steroid. AB - The efficacy of a large dose of Decadron on stress ulcer formation in restrained rats has been studied using microangiohistologic technics. When a pharmacologic dose of Decadron was administered twenty-four hours prior to the procedure, Dacadron prevented ulcer formation. PMID- 1119687 TI - Tracking respiratory therapy in the trauma patient. AB - The respiratory index (RI), P(AaDO2)/PaO2, was investigated in a retrospective study of 177 intubated patients treated at the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medicine. An RI of 0.1 to 0.37 is normal. Patients with an RI of 2 or greater were intubated. Those patients who reached an RI of 6 or more had an associated 12 per cent probability of survival. The RI reflects the presence of pulmonary shunting in a variety of circumstances including atelectasis, pulmonary contusion, and pulmonary emboli. A nomogram that allows the course of the patient with respiratory problems to be followed is described. Movement along the same isobars or between isobars can be followed by plotting the PaO2 against the FI0 2. Thus, the rationale and effect of respiratory therapeutic manipulations may be recorded graphically. PMID- 1119688 TI - Bochdalek's hernia. A review of twenty-one cases. PMID- 1119689 TI - Development of a plastic surgical teaching service in a women's correctional institution. AB - A plastic surgical teaching service has been organized at a women's correctional institution to provide a previously unrecognized medical need and to serve a valuable educational function for our residents in training. A total of 177 surgical candidates demonstrating a wide range of reconstructive problems including tattoos, scars, keloids, neoplasms of the skin and hands, deformities of the face and breasts, and numerous disabilities of the hands were identified among 241 inmates requesting examination. Thus far, 116 operative procedures have been performed on 101 patients. Patient acceptance has been high, and the support of prison authorities has been enthusiastic. Persistent efforts to convince legislators of the wisdom of supporting this program financially have only been partially successful and will require further accumulation of sociologic data bearing on the rehabilitative potential of the detained patient with a correctable deformity. Meanwhile, residents in training gain maturity as they provide a very "private" type of service for what has traditionally been considered a very "public" population of patients. PMID- 1119690 TI - Head and neck cancer manpower study. AB - 1. Approximately 40,000 cases of cancer of the head and neck (excluding skin) are diagnosed each year. 2. Approximately 20,000 of these cases and 30,000 cases of skin cancer are treated by 366 head and neck cancer surgeons. 3. Ninety per cent of the cases are treated by 63 per cent of the surgeons. 4. Fifty-eight per cent of the surgeons care for between 50 and 300 cases per year. 5. While 2,759 new board-certified surgeons of all specialties are recruited annually to maintain a work force of 46,000 board-certified surgeons (3), apparently 730 potential head and neck cancer surgeons are being prepared to maintain a work force of approximately 450 head and neck cancer surgeons. 6. These findings indicate the need for in-depth study of the manpower needs in head and neck cancer surgery by all who are responsible for the training of surgeons in this field. PMID- 1119691 TI - Immediate oophorectomy and adrenalectomy in the treatment of stage III breast carcinoma. A ten year follow-up study. AB - One hundred twenty-two patients with state III breast carcinoma had radical mastectomy with or without adjunctive radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or steroids. Thirteen randomly selected persons in the group had immediate bilateral oophoroadrenalectomy. Survival ranged from 10 to 147 months (median, 68.0) with seven of thirteen patients (53.8 per cent) alive five years and three of thirteen (23.0 per cent) alive ten year or longer. No statistical difference in survival or disease-free intervals with respect to menopausal status was observed in the nine patients of this group who died. One hundred and nine patients treated by conventional therapy without endocrine ablation had shorter five year (37.6 per cent) and ten year (15.6 per cent) survival intervals. The difference in survival intervals was statistically significant at p smaller than 0.01. This study suggests that immediate endocrine ablation may prolong survival in patients with stage III breast carcinoma. PMID- 1119692 TI - Lymphedema of the upper limb after surgery for breast cancer. AB - Radical mastectomy is followed by swelling of the arm, and although the number of surgeons employing the operation is decreasing, postmastectomy lymphedema continues to be a serious complication. In the present report based on 158 women who underwent modified radical (126) or simple (32) mastectomy and occasionally radiation for histologically proved adenocarcinoma of the breast, the pathogenesis and treatment of postmastectomy lymphedema are discussed. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The occurrence of postmastectomy lymphedema diminishes the less extensive the operation. (2) Mild lymphedema that develops early postoperatively tends to subside. (3) Conservative treatment in the majority of cases is effective in controlling postmastectomy lymphedema of a mild to moderate degree. (4) Modified radical mastectomy, which is as radical as Halsted's operation, is rarely followed by lymphedema. PMID- 1119693 TI - Experience with pancreatoduodenectomy in a cancer hospital. AB - Records of twenty-nine patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, ampulla of Vater, common bile duct, and colon who were treated with pancreatoduodenectomy were reviewed. Operative mortality was 24 per cent. Survival was adversely affected by incomplete excision of the primary lesion, the presence of metastases in lymph nodes, and severe biliary obstruction. Twenty-two patients (76 per cent) died from the operation or were not cured. Pancreatoduodenectomy was of dubious value in the treatment of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. PMID- 1119694 TI - Pancreatic collection in the awake dog. PMID- 1119695 TI - Pathogenesis of gallstone pancreatitis. PMID- 1119696 TI - Ischemic lesions of the distended colon: a complication of obstructive colorectal cancer. PMID- 1119697 TI - A study of experimental colovesical fistula. AB - An experimental study of colovesical fistulas in dogs was undertaken to gain insight into the clinical implications of such a fistula. The fistula itself was well tolerated by the animals. However, distal urinary tract or gastrointestinal obstruction led to sepsis and death. PMID- 1119698 TI - Thyroid hemangioma. AB - A case is presented of a fifty-six year old man with a thyroid hemangioma presenting as a neck mass with tracheal deviation and unilateral vocal cord paralysis. A standard thyroid scan yielded equivocal findings. The diagnosis was determined preoperatively by the use of a 99m-technetium angiogram that disclosed the vascular nature of the lesion. Subsequent arteriography demonstrated the main arterial supply of the mass to be from both inferior thyroid arteries. Operative removal of the mass was accomplished through a standard transverse cervical incision. Pathologic study revealed that the vascular tumor involved both the surrounding normal thyroid parenchyma and also a microfollicular adenoma. This case points out the value of utilizing all available diagnostic means in atypical cases of thyroid disease. PMID- 1119699 TI - Hyperoxaluria and urinary tract calculi after jejunoileal bypass. AB - Five patients with jejunoileal shunt for morbid obesity in whom postshunt hyperoxaluria and recurrent urinary tract calculi developed are presented. All the stones were composed of calcium oxalate. The twenty-four hour urinary oxalic acid levels were also elevated in twenty of twenty-six patients who had had jejunoileal shunt for six months or longer. No correlation was present between urolithiasis and the degree of hyperoxaluria. PMID- 1119700 TI - Acute ischemia of the limb in a newborn treated successfully by thrombectomy. AB - A seven day old dehydrated male infant was found to have acute ischemia of the leg due to acute thrombotic occlusion of an external iliac, common and superficial femoral, and popliteal arteries. Early thrombectomy and arterioplasty resulted in complete remission of ischemia. Our success with direct vascular surgery prompts us to recommend this form of treatment in preventing neonatal gangrene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful thrombectomy in a newborn infant. PMID- 1119701 TI - Saphenous vein-popliteal artery fistula for chornic hemodialysis. AB - A saphenous vein arteriovenous fistula for chronic hemodialysis can be formed in the thigh by tunneling the vein subcutaneously, anastomosing the distal end to the popliteal artery, and leaving the proximal end attached to the femoral vein. Of seven fistulas, only one has thrombosed spontaneously. There were no instances of infection, vascular insufficiency, or high output cardiac failure. A saphenous vein-popliteal artery fistula can be a satisfactory method of maintaining vascular access in those patients who require chronic hemodialysis but who have no available sites in the upper extremities for construction of a fistula. PMID- 1119702 TI - Spatial distribution of mitosis in mouse epidermis. AB - The cells of the upper strata of mammalian epidermis are flattened and aligned to form regular columnar units. It has been suggested that the position of the smaller underlying basal cells is related to the overlying cell columns. Examination of the position of metaphase figures in sheets of mouse epidermis indicated that mitosis occurs principally in cells lying just within the periphery of the cell columns but that there is no alignment of interphase basal cells within the columnar peripheries which could account for this position of mitosis. PMID- 1119703 TI - A comparison of secondary palate development with different in vitro techniques. AB - Palatal processes from 14-day fetal C57BL mice were cultured under varying conditions for 48 hours and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Disruption of the epithelium along the medial border occurred when single palatal processes were explanted onto Millipore filters, plasma clots, or lens paper in subjacent contact with nutrient medium. Paired processes under the same culture conditions demonstrated typical midline epithelial disruption and mesenchymal fusion. Regions of mesenchymal necrosis occurred in processes grown on nutrient agar in a dish or submerged in nutrient medium. In similar cultures medial epithelial disruption did not occur in single processes and mesenchymal fusion of paired processes was either delayed or did not occur. Disruption of the epithelium along the medial border in single palatal processes, and mesenchymal fusion in paired palatal processes, occurred when palates were grown on nutrient agar supported above but in contact with nutrient medium. The results indicated that responses of palatal epithelium and mesenchyme may be altered by different in vitro procedures. These observations emphasize that many factors must be considered in interpreting developmental changes in palatal processes grown in vitro. PMID- 1119704 TI - On the development of the lymphoid follicles of the bursa of Fabricius. AB - The structural features of the development of the bursa of Fabricius in white Leghorn chick embryos are depicted at carefully timed intervals during embryogenesis, with emphasis on the sequence of events between the ninth and twelfth days of incubation. The direction and character of the migration of lymphoid cell precursors and granulocytes from the intravascular space to intraepithelial sites, where the formation of the primitive lymphoepithelial nodule takes place, is demonstrated. The mechanism of the mode of migration of these cells through the stromal epithelial interface is described and illustrated with electron micrographs and their role in the development of the primitive lymphoid follicles is described and discussed. PMID- 1119705 TI - A simple, single-injection method for inducing long-term paralysis in embryonic chicks, and preliminary observations on growth of the tibia. AB - A method for inducing paralysis in embryonic chicks is described. This involves single injections of the neuromuscular blocking agents, D-tubocurrarine Chloride or decamethonium iodide, into 10-day embryos. The dose which optimises survival and paralysis is determined along with the effect of the drugs on embryonic growth. Decamethonium iodide at a dose of 1 mg per embryo gave maximum survival and paralysis to 18 days of incubation. Paralysis was assessed by observation of treated embryos in ovo and by examination of embryos removed from their shells between 11 and 18 days of incubation. Embryos were completely paralysed 24 hours post-injection and remained paralysed until 18 days of incubation. Paralysed embryos failed to hatch. Development of the leg musculature was severely retarded in paralysed embryos. This method of inducing paralysis has considerable advantages over previous continuous infusion methods. The growth and collagen content of the tibia in the paralysed embryos was reduced and these results, and other applications of the method, are discussed. PMID- 1119706 TI - Cyclicity in tumescence of the perineal labia of female lowland gorillas. AB - The first group norms on the periodic occurrence of tumescence in the perineal labia of female lowland gorillas were obtained in 9 captive subjects. Individual mean cycle lengths for 8 adult females in 2 experiments ranged from 25.9-36.3 days with overall means of 31.1 and 32.5 days. The one subadult female had a mean cycle length of 40.7 days. The median and modal duration of maximal labial tumescence were 1.8 and 1 day, respectively. Data from 3 animals on which menses were recorded during 6 cycles yielded relatively consistent postswelling phase durations of 8-11 days and durations of menstruation of 1-2 days. The data from 2 conceptions of 1 female suggested that time of ovulation was closely associated with the day of detumescence. These data are discussed in terms of certain differences as well as similarities which exist between the gorilla and its closest relative, the chimpanzee. The contribution of these data to the area of comparative reproduction is enhanced because of the significant taxonomic affiliations of the gorilla species. PMID- 1119707 TI - Cardiovascular responses to calcium administered intravenously to man during halothane anesthesia. AB - Calcium chloride (7 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to six healthy volunteers anesthetized with halothane. Cardiovascular changes were measured during constant ventilation and anesthetic depth under three conditions: 1) respiratory alkalosis, 2) normocarbia, and 3) respiratory acidosis. At each Paco2, calcium infusion significantly increased cardiac index, left ventricular minute work index, and stroke index. Heart rate, total peripheral resistance, and cardiac pre-ejection period decreased. No significant change in mean arterial blood pressure or central venous pressure followed calcium administration, and no arrhythmias occurred. It is concluded that calcium administration increases myocardial performance, presumably by increasing the availability of intracellular calcium ion for actomyosin interaction. PMID- 1119708 TI - Comparative toxicities of halothane, isoflurane, and diethyl ether at subanesthetic concentrations in laboratory animals. AB - Effects of 35-day exposures to subanesthetic concentrations of halothane, isoflurane, and diethyl ether were measured in mice, rats, and guinea pigs which were in a phase of rapid body growth. Halothane produced a greater decrement in weight gain and a greater incidence of hepatic degenerative changes than isoflurane or diethyl ether despite its administration at lower anesthetic concentrations. Isoflurane results were intermediate between those of halothane and diethyl ether. No consistent injury to any organ other than the liver was found. PMID- 1119709 TI - Metabolism in vitro of enflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane. AB - Specific activities of enflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane defluorinases were measured in microsomes prepared from the livers of Fischer 344 rats; the ratio of these activities was 23:3:1. Pretreatment with phenobarbital significantly increased the defluorinase activities of all three agents. Factors that influence anesthetic drug metabolism are discussed; tissue solubility is considered to be the most important. PMID- 1119710 TI - Intracranial pressure during hypotension and subsequent vasopressor therapy in anesthetized cats. AB - The effects of vasopressor therapy on intracranial pressure (ICP) during hypotension were evaluated in 45 adult cats anesthetized with pentobarbital and hyperventilated via an endotracheal tube with nitrous oxide, 70 per cent, and oxygen, 30 per cent, to maintain Paco2 25 plus or minus 5 torr. Hypotension was induced by intravenous administration of trimethaphan camsylate or sodium nitroferricyanide and by hemorrhage. Vasopressor (norepinephrine, ephedrine, or isoproterenol) administration in the absence of hypotension caused slight transient increases in ICP. Trimethaphan produced increases in ICP averaging 4.3 mm Hg, while sodium nitroferricyanide caused no change and hemorrhage decreased ICP by 3.9 mm Hg. After hypotension was established, vasopressors caused increases in ICP of 1-21 mm Hg. The greatest increase was seen with norepinephrine administration during sodium nitroferricyanide-induced hypotension. Increases in ICP were pronounced in absolute magnitude and rapidity of rise but were of short duration (2 to 5 minutes). The elevation of pressure might be of clinical significance in patients who have pre-existing intracranial hypertension or space-occupying lesions. PMID- 1119711 TI - Anesthetic biotransformation and renal function in obese patients during and after methoxyflurane or halothane anesthesia. AB - Anesthetic biotransformation and renal function were studied in obese adult patients (148 plus or minus 8 kg; mean plus or minus SE) anesthetized for three hours with 60 per cent nitrous oxide plus either methoxyflurane or halothane for elective jejunoileal small-bowel-bypass operations. There was no evidence of persistent renal dysfunction in any patient postoperatively, but serum osmolality was elevated 72 hours after methoxyflurane anesthesia. Urine concentrating ability was not determined. Peak serum ionic fluoride concentration was 55.8 plus or minus 5.8 muM/1 two hours after discontinuation of methoxyflurane. Urinary ionic fluoride and oxalate excretions increased postoperatively. Compared with previously reported data from nonobese patients, serum ionic fluoride concentrations in obese patients increased more rapidly during methoxyflurane anesthesia and peaked higher and sooner after discontinuation of methoxyflurane. The peak serum ionic fluoride concentration was 10.4 plus or minus 1.5 muM/1 at the conclusion of halothane anesthesia, significantly more than the corresponding value in nonobese patients. Intraoperative liver biopsies from 23 of 27 patients showed moderate to severe fatty metamorphosis. Fatty liver infiltration may have increased hepatic anesthetic uptake and exposed more methoxyflurane or halothane to hepatic microsomal enzymes. The more rapid elevation and higher peak levels of serum ionic fluoride following methoxyflurane, and to a lesser extent following halothane, may reflect increased anesthetic biotransformation in obese compared with nonobese patients. To avoid excessive serum ionic fluoride elevations the authors recommended limiting low-dose methoxyflurane anesthesia delivered to obese patients with potential fatty liver infiltration to no more than three hours. PMID- 1119712 TI - Halothane and isometric contractions of isolated pregnant rat myometrium. AB - The effects of halothane on isometirc contractions of isolated pregnant uterine muscle strips were evaluated in tissue obtained from 13 midpregnant rats. Peak developed tension was depressed in a dose-related manner at halothane concentrations above 0.8 vol per cent, but was not affected at lower halothane concentrations. Time to peak tension was reduced 10-20 per cent, and relaxation time, 10 per cent, by halothane concentrations ranging up to 2.2 per cent. Total resting tension consisted of a passive component and a calcium-dependent component. In concentrations above 0.8 per cent, halothane rapidly removed 100 per cent of the calcium-dependent resting tension. At lower concentrations, halothane reduced it 50 per cent. The passive component of resting tension was unaffected by halothane. These actions of halothane can prevent postpartum hemostasis. They occur even with very low anesthetic concentrations and can be detected soon after introduction of anesthetic into the muscle bath. This indicates that the hemostatic hazards associated with the use of halothane for delivery may not be prevented by limiting the concentration of halothane or the duration of anesthetic exposure. PMID- 1119713 TI - Myocardial metabolism during pentobarbital anesthesia in dogs. AB - Myocardial substrate utilization and hemodynamics were determined in dogs before and one hour and two hours after intravenous administration of sodium pentobarbital. Although total body O2 consumption decreased, along with arterial O2 concentration, there was no significant change in mean arterial pressure or cardiac output. Arterial free fatty acid (FFA) concentration and myocardial FFA remained the major energy source for the heart. Arterial glucose concentrations decreased significantly after pentobarbital, but myocardial uptake of glucose remained unchanged. Neither arterial lactic acid concentration nor myocardial lactate uptake was affected. Mocardial pyruvate uptake, by contrast, while remaining quantitatively the least of the contributors of energy measured, was more than double one hour after pentobarbital injection despite the fact that arterial pyruvate concentration did not increase. It is concluded that pentobarbital reduces the FFA utilization of both the whole animal and of its myocardium. The energy consumption of the whole animal is similarly diminished, whereas the energy used by myocardium is unchanged, other substrates evidently being substituted for FFA as energy sources. PMID- 1119714 TI - Etidocaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine seizure thresholds in monkeys. AB - The central nervous system toxicities of etidocaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine were studied during constant-rate intravenous infusions in rhesus monkeys. Comparison of drug effects was achieved by determining the drug dosages and arterial plasma concentrations that induced electrical seizure activity. The central nervous system toxicity of etidocaine was similar to that of bupivacaine. The toxicity of each was four times greater than that of lidocaine. Since the drug infusion rates were proportional to anesthetic potencies in clinical usage, the therapeutic-toxic ratios of these three drugs are similar. PMID- 1119715 TI - Air embolism through a ventriculoatrial shunt during pneumoencephalography. PMID- 1119716 TI - Anesthetic management of emergency tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 1119717 TI - Bilateral hypertrophy of the coronoid processes. PMID- 1119718 TI - Extracorporeal oxygenation for induction of anesthesia in a patient with an intrathoracic tumor. PMID- 1119719 TI - Use of enflurane for pheochromocytoma removal. PMID- 1119720 TI - Determinants of etidocaine concentration in the blood. PMID- 1119721 TI - The effect of ketamine on the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 1119722 TI - Lymphocyte transformation during operations with spinal anesthesia. PMID- 1119723 TI - Letter: The "mild myasthenic state". PMID- 1119724 TI - Letter: Birth defects among infants of nurse anesthetists. PMID- 1119725 TI - Letter: Intratracheal lidocaine--local anesthesia or direct cardiac effect? PMID- 1119726 TI - Letter: Epidural blood patch for post-lumbar-puncture headache. PMID- 1119727 TI - [Acute occlusion caused by embolism of the aortic bifurcation. Apropos of 20 cases]. PMID- 1119728 TI - [Acute arterial obstructions]. PMID- 1119729 TI - [The tumoral steal syndrome in physiopathology of unilateral optic atrophy and in the Foster-Kennedy syndrome]. PMID- 1119730 TI - [Echotomography as a method of evaluation of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 1119731 TI - [Epidemiology of peripheral vascular diseases]. PMID- 1119732 TI - Serial His bundle electrograms in a catheter induced complete heart block. PMID- 1119733 TI - Study of daily caloric intake of patients in the coronary intensive care unit. AB - A retrospective analysis of the caloric intake of patients in the coronary intensive care unit was undertaken after discovery of two cases of severe hypoglycemia. An unsuspected number of extremely low daily caloric intakes were found after careful analyses. The surviving group (50 patients) had less than 600 calories on 19.5% of the patient days and under 800 calories on 28.8% of patient days. In the nonsurviving group (29 patients) caloric intake was under 600 calories on 48.8% of patient days and under 200 calories on 22.7% of patient days. This study indicates the importance of monitoring actual caloric intake to avoid unrecognized extreme caloric deprivation and its possible complications. PMID- 1119734 TI - Effect of beta adrenergic blocking agents (alprenolol and propranolol) in essential hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive effect of two adrenergic blocking agents (Alprenolol and Propranolol) have been studied in a group of 107 patients with essential hypertension. A significant reduction of 20 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure was recorded for the group using Alprenolol and 25 mmHg in the group using Propranolol. The corresponding decrease of 7-10 mmHg in the diastolic blood pressure for the entire group was also significant. These two drugs may be of therapeutic value in essential hypertension, independently or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 1119735 TI - A simplified technique for making complicated catheter curves. PMID- 1119736 TI - Comparison of strokes in women of childbearing age in Rochester, Minnesota and Bakersfield, California. PMID- 1119737 TI - An experimental model for the in-vivo study of coronary arterial thrombosis. PMID- 1119738 TI - An enormous intrahepatic shunt between portal vein and hepatic one. AB - An autopsy case of an enormous shunt between intrahepatic portal vein and hepatic vein in a 57-year-old man who showed an Inose's type of hepatocerebral disorder for 6 years is described. The shunt measuring up to more than 1 cm in diameter was located in the right-upper angle of the right liver lobe. The wall of the shunt lacked both the muscular layer and the elastic lamellae. Based upon the histopathology and the clinical history, this shunt was considered not to be a congenital malformation but a vascular disorder resulted from the parenchymal collapse of the liver. PMID- 1119739 TI - A canine model for comparative study of respiratory and systemic immunologic reactions. AB - A canine model for the comparative study of lower respiratory and systemic immunologic reactions is described. The techniques of bronchopulmonary lavage and percutaneous splenic aspiration were employed to obtain serial samples of pulmonary and systemic lymphocytes. The morphologic features and the yield of cells obtained by these procedures were characterized. The presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells among the cell populations obtained by pulmonary lavage was confirmed by electron microscopy. The effect of serial bronchopulmonary lavage per se on the yield, composition, and functional properties of bronchoalveolar lymphocytes and macrophages was found to be minor. By contrast, the effect of immununization on these parameters was marked and easily detected. Evidence is presented that at least 2 anatomically and functionally different populatons of immunocytes subserve the lower respiratory tract, namely, the hilar lymph node cells and the bronchoalveolar lymphocytes. It is concluded that the canine model is well suited for the investigation of respiratory and systemic immunity and is useful for the study of bronchoalveolar lymphocyte and alveolar macrophage function, either independently or in concert with the study of pulmonary host defense and the pathogenesis of lung disease. PMID- 1119740 TI - Lung growth after unilateral pneumonectomy: quantitation of collagen synthesis and content. AB - Unilateral pneumonectomy in the adult rabbit causes the mass of the remaining lung to double within one month. The content and synthesis of lung collagen were compared in 113 rabbits with pneumonectomy, thoracotomy without pneumonectomy, or pneumonectomy with subsequent wax plombage. By the twenty eighth day after left pneumonectomy, total lung collagen and cell number were nearly 100 per cent greater than matched control values, but the density of both collagen and cell number remained constant and unchanged from control. This collagen accumlation was preceded by an increase in the rate of collagen synthesis per cell and in the per cent of lung total protein synthesis represented by collagen synthesis. In normal neonatal lung growth, total lung mass, collagen, and cell number increase. During this same period there is also an increase in the per cent of collagen synthesis represented by lung total protein synthesis; however, in contrast to postpneumonectomy adult lung growth, the density of collagen increases. Obliteration of the empty hemithorax with wax after pneumonectomy resulted in suppression of the increases in right lung cell number, collagen synthesis, and collagen accumlation seen with pneumonectomy alone. This could have generalized implications relating to the control of lung gene expression in that lung cell replication and/or lung cell differentiation may, in part, be controlled by the available space into which the lung may grow. PMID- 1119741 TI - The philadelphia pulmonary neoplasm research project. Thwarting factors in periodic screening for lung cancer. AB - This report describes the problems of the Philadelphia Pulmonary Neoplasms Research Project, begun in 1951, when 6,027 male volunteers 45 years of age and older were enrolled in a study designed to screen them every 6 months for 10 years with questionnaires and chest photofluorograms. These volunteers tended to be slightly younger and to include fewer nonwhites that the corresponding Philadelphia population. The volunteers included more smokers than older American urban men in general, but among smokers the distribution by smoking habits was similar. The average probability of having 2 consecutive semiannual screening examinations was 57 per cent. The risk of lung cancer was higher among noncompliant men than among compliant ones. During the 10-year period of observation, 121 men developed lung cancer; only 8 per cent survived 5 years. Aside from the screening method, the factors that thwarted early detection and surgery among the men with lung cancer were (1) the interval between a negative roentgenogram and detection of cancer, which exceeded 6 months in 45 per cent; (2) an interval of 6 months or less between a negative roentgenogram and detection of cancer in 20 per cent, with a delay of 3 months or more before appropriate action was taken; (3) advanced age (70+ years) in 25 per cent at the time of detection of cancer; (4) nonmalignant disease contraindicating surgery in 31 per cent. One or more of these factors was present in 84 per cent of the men with lung cancer, leaving only a small segment for whom improvements in the screening method would be expected to be of value. PMID- 1119742 TI - Dose response of patients with asthma to inhaled isoproterenol. AB - In 12 patients with asthma, inhalation of approximately 0.02 mg of isoproternol produced as much increase in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) as had a previous inhalation of approximately 0.16 mg of isoproternol at a time when the pre treatment PEFRwas similar. A group or patients recorded measurements of their PEFR before and after inhalation of varying doses of isoproterenol, ranging from 0 to 0.08 mg. In each patient, only data obtained when control PEFRs were similar were utilized. A maximal effect was noted after inhalation of 0.02 mg of isoproterenol, and no further increase of PEFR was noted after inhalation of larger doses. Inhalation of 0.02 mg or less of isoproterenol produces a maximal effect on PEFR of patients with asthma. PMID- 1119743 TI - Mycobacterium simiae infection in the United States. A case report and discussion of the organism. AB - The clinical and bacteriologic features of a case of mycobacteriosis in which Mycobacterium simiae was thought to be the causative agent are presented. The unique features of this organism, includeing its positive niacin reaction and photochromogenicity, which may lead to confusion with other mycobacterial species, are duscussed. PMID- 1119744 TI - Advances in the treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. AB - Our currecnt technique for lung lavage is described. This technique can be safely and effectively applied to patients with pulmonary alvelar proteinosis who require therapy. Normal saline alone is as effective a solution as one containing heparin and acetylcysteine. Chest percussion during lung lavage considerably enhances the yeild of each lavage and thus shortens the time required for the procedure. Lung lavage results in remarkable clearing of the chest roentgenogram and reversal of the physiologic defects and symptoms of the patient by the following day. In our experience this improvement lasts for at least one year. PMID- 1119745 TI - The prevalence of mycoplasmal complement-fixing antibodies in sarcoidosis. AB - Complement-fixing antibody titers to Mycoplasama pnuemoniae were measured in the sera of 31 patients with sarcoidosis and 31 control subjects matched by age, sex, and race. Data indicated a binomial distribution and a geometric mean titer of 1:32 in patients with sarcoidosis. In contrast, the control data were skewed,with a geometric mean titer of less than 1:8. Possible explanations include generalized increase in antibody formation, unusual susceptibility to infection with M.pneumoniae, and sarcoidosis as one consquence of infection with M.pneumoniae. PMID- 1119746 TI - Letter: In vitro lymphoblastoid transformation in the presence of tuberculin as a diagnostic aid in tuberculous meningoencephalitis. PMID- 1119747 TI - Letter: Intermittent chemotherapy for adults with tuberculosis. PMID- 1119748 TI - Letter: Intermittent chemotherapy for adults with tuberculosis. PMID- 1119749 TI - Letter: Tuberculin skin test. PMID- 1119750 TI - Letter: Bilateral recurrent pneumothoraces. PMID- 1119751 TI - Importance of histologic classification of carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - In summary, we have reviewed 914 patients who underwent primary biliary procedures at the University of Kentucky between 1962-1970. Twenty-one (2.5%) of these patients were found to have carcinoma of the gallbladder. There were differences in histological evidence of invasion and in survival between invasive, microinvasive and in situ carcinomas. The changing age of the population and the increasing incidence of cholelithiasis make it likely that the incidence of carcinoma of the gallbladder will also increase. Today, aggressive surgical therapy will probably not change the prognosis for invasive carcinoma. PMID- 1119752 TI - Transduodenal sphincteroplasty for biliary tract disease. AB - Transduodenal sphincteroplasty is an efficient and easy method for dealing with benign biliary tract disease. With it a permanent wide-open stoma is created between the common bile duct and the duodenum, which is established only by complete division of the muscular sphinteric mechanism. Specific indications for sphincteroplasty include multiple common duct stones or "sludge", primary biliary calculi, unremovable intrahepatic stones, impacted ampullary stones, or stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi. Conditions unrelieved by sphincteroplasty include biliary dyskinesia "post-cholecystectomy syndrome", and relapsing pancreatitis with biliary disease. Sixty-five patients are presented who underwent transduodenal sphincteroplasty for benign biliary tract disease in various categories. Satisfactory results were obtained in 53 patients. Coincident pancreatic disease was associated with the least satisfactory results. PMID- 1119753 TI - Surgical treatment of esophageal stricture in patients with scleroderma. AB - Two patients with dense distal esophageal strictures associated with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) are discussed. Both were treated with a Thal Nissen procedure. Both patients now can eat without difficulty and have experienced no dysphagia. Although the peristalsis in the esophagus is markedly depressed or absent, food still can pass through the Nissen wrap into the stomach. The Thal-Nissen patch and fundoplication is an effective and well tolerated operative procedure for the unusual patient with distal esophageal stricture and scleroderma. PMID- 1119754 TI - Current concepts in the surgical management of esophageal hiatal hernia. PMID- 1119755 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism in a referral hospital. AB - A series of 46 patients had a tissue diagnosis of primary hyperparthyrodism. Forty (88%) had a single adenoma, one had multiple adenomas; four exhibited parathyroid hyperplasia and one had carcinoma of the parathyroid. The incidence establishing the diagnosis has increased in recent years because of routine multichemistry screening for calcium. The most reliable "diagnostic" laboratory finding was an elevated serum calcium: 96 per cent of our patients had serum calcium above the upper limit of normal. Forty-one patients had lesions removed; parathyroid carcinoma (1), hyperplasia (3), and adenomas (37). Only two patients have presistent disease postoperatively: one with hyperplasia who apparently had an inadequate resection of her involved glands and one who had biopsy of an adenoma without further surgical management. PMID- 1119756 TI - Preoperative evaluation of renal functions as a guide to postoperative fluid replacement. PMID- 1119757 TI - Endometriosis causing acute small bowel obstruction: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Endometriosis causing acute small bowel obstruction is a clinical complex which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. Theories as to etiology and pathogenesis are discussed. The best clue to preoperative diagnosis of the lesion is a careful history with regard to previous episodes of ileus having menstrual periodicity. The lesion itself usually causes obstruction by kinking or volvulus secondary to serosal adhesion formation, and more rarely by stenosis or intussusception. The treatment of total small bowel obstruction secondary to endometriosis is surgical, with resection of the involved bowel and end-to-end anastomosis. PMID- 1119758 TI - Isolated tuberculosis of appendix. AB - Two patients with acute appendicitis are discussed. On histologic examination both were found to have tuberculosis associated with pyogenic infection. Subsequent investigations failed to reveal tuberculous lesions elsewhere in the body. Both patients have responded well to appendectomy and antituberculous drug therapy. PMID- 1119759 TI - Gunshot wound of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 1119760 TI - Gardner's syndrome and villous adenoma of jejunum. AB - A case of Gardner's syndrome in association with villous adenoma of the jejunum is presented. The discussion stresses that the presence of small intestinal neoplasia in Gardner's syndrome, especially of duodenal sweep and pancreas, is not an infrequent occurrence. Life-long follow-up after total colectomy is indicated for these patients. PMID- 1119761 TI - Lymphoid polyposis of the terminal ileum and colon: a source of clinical error. AB - A case of lymphoid polyposis of the terminal ileum is presented. The clinical errors arising from confusion of this disorder with adenomatous polyposis are discussed. PMID- 1119762 TI - Chronic interstitial nephritis: etiologic factors. AB - Whether chronic interstitial nephritis (pyelonephritis) mainly results from kidney infection is widely debated. We studies 101 patients with interstitial nephritis, selected from 320 patients with newly diagnosed chronic renal disease, for frequency of etiological factors. Eleven had no etiologic factor(s) identified; 89 had clearcut factor(s): anatomic abnormalities 31, analgesic abuse 20, hyperuricemia 11, nephrosclerosis 10, stones 9, sickle cell disease1, tuberculosis 1, multiple causes7. Bacterial infection (present in 27%) was found only with another preceding primary cause of renal damage. Analgesic abusers frequently denied drug ingestion; 15% had urinary tract infection and 20% classical papillary necrosis. Two had family histories of analgesic abuse with nephropathy. We conclude that interstitial nephritis is a common form of chronic renal disease, is seldom idiopathic, rarely results from bacterial infection alone in adults, and frequently results from analgesic abuse in the United States. PMID- 1119763 TI - Oxidative injury to erythrocytes, cell rigidity, and splenic hemolysis in hemodialyzed uremic patients. AB - In 23 hemodialyzed patients the metabolic defect of erythrocytes related to uremia and potentiated by dialysis was studied to establish a possible link with the shortened erythrocyte survival. A highly significant correlation was found between sulfhemoglobin provoked by oxidative stress and erythrocyte rigidity measured by filterability. Impaired filterability also correlated with the degree of splenic sequestration. Both sulfhemoglobin and impaired filterability correlated with the degree of hemolysis. Finally, erythrocyte survival showed a highly significant correlation with the degree of anemia. From osmotic fragility, plasma trapping, erythrocyte ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), and serum phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium measurements it seems unlikely that either spheric transformation or sol-gel transformation of the membrane is causing the increased erythrocyte rigidity. In view of the impaired erythrocyte defense capacity against oxidative injury, cell content rigidity as mediated by reduced hemoglobin solubility is a more likely explanation. Our results give a rational basis for a trial of splenectomy in severely anemia hemodialyzed patients. PMID- 1119764 TI - Resolution of primary amyloidosis during chemotherapy. Studies in a patient with nephrotic syndrome. AB - A patient with primary amyloidosis with evidence for a plasma cell dyscrasia but no abnormal immunoglobulin components had nephrotic syndrome with severe renal impairment. Kidney and bone marrow had extensive amyloid infiltration. She was treated with penicillamine, malphalan, prednisone, and fluoxymesterone; through 6 months renal function gradually improved; urine protein excretion dropped dramatically, serum albumin rose; liver size decreased; the bone marrow returned towards normal. During the next 4 1/2 years melphalan, prednisone, and fluoxymesterone treatment was continued with further improvement in renal function to normal levels. The morphologic characteristics and cellular relations of amyloid fibrils in the bone marrow were studied before, during, and after successful chemotherapy; the findings are evidence for a dual role for the reticuloendothelial cell in the formation and destruction of primary amyloidosis. This patient's response suggests that a multi-agent chemotherapy approach should be further studied. PMID- 1119765 TI - Effects of hyaluronidase administration on myocardial ischemic injury in acute infarction. A preliminary study in 24 patients. AB - The effect of hyaluronidase on myocardial ischemic injury was examined in 13 patients with acute myocardial infarction, and the results were compared with 11 patients who did not receive hyaluronidase. A 35-electrode precordial mapping method was used to assess the rate of resolution of ST segment elevations. In the 11 control patients, the sum of ST segment elevations (sigmaST) fell after 2 hours to an average of 93.5% plus or minus 17.3% (SEM) and after 24 hours to 89.6% plus or minus 7.6% of the initial values, while the number of electrodes exhibiting ST segment elevations exceeding 0.1 mV (NST) fell to 98.0% plus or minus 12.3% and 94.3% plus or minus 10.4% of the initial values respectively. In the hyaluronidase-treated group, at the same time sigmaST fell significantly more (P less than 0.05), to 54.1% plus or minus 5.0% and 51.3% plus or minus 11.8% and NST was also more markedly reduced (P less than 0.05) to 50.7% plus or minus 7.8% and 50.1% plus or minus 12.4%, thus indicating that hyaluronidase can accelerate the reduction of myocardial ischemic injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1119766 TI - Comparative left ventricular dimensions in trained athletes. AB - Little is known about the structure of athletes' hearts of anatomic variations associated with training. Echocardiograms of 56 active athletes were obtained. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass were increased in athletes involved in isotonic exercise, such as swimming (181 ml, 308 g) and running (160 ml, 302 g), compared with controls (101 ml, 211 g); wall thickness was normal (less than or equal to 12 mm). Athletes involved in isometric exercise, such as werstling and shot putting, had normal mean left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (110 ml, 122 ml), but increased wall thickness (13 to 14 mm) and mass (330 g, 348 g). Thus, athletes participating in isotonic exercise had increased left ventricular mass with cardiac changes similar to those in chronic volume overloads. Athletes participating in isometric exercise had increased left ventricular mass with cardiac changes similar to those in chronic pressure loads, recognizing greater left ventricular mass and volume in well-trained athletes aids in interpreting values deviating from "normal" limits. PMID- 1119767 TI - Disappearance of vascular calcifications during treatment of renal osteodystrophy. Two patients treated with high doses of vitamin D and aluminum hydroxide. AB - In two patients with chronic renal failure, extensive renal osteodystrophy, and vascular calcifications, treatment with high doses of vitamin D3 and aluminum hydroxide was followed by healing of the osteodystrophy and marked resolution of the vascular calcifications. The importance of adequate serum phosphate control during this treatment is stressed. It is postulated that the presence of pathologic bone that was rendered more avid for mineral by the action of vitamin D contributed to the disposal of calcium and phosphorus derived from the calcified vessels and from a positive external balance. PMID- 1119768 TI - Methyl iodide intoxication. A case report. AB - A 41-year-old chemist developed methyl iodide intoxication. His case is presented with a review of pertinent literature. Characteristics of the poisoning include a delay between exposure and onset of symptoms; early systemic toxicity with congestive changes in the lungs and oliguric renal failure; prominent cerebellar and Parkinsonian neurologic symptoms as well as seizures and coma in severe cases; and psychiatric disturbances that can last from months to years. Although methyl iodide is a rare form of intoxicant, its manifestations are similar to that of poisoning with the other monohalomethanes that are not uncommon. PMID- 1119769 TI - Letter: Hypercarboxyhemoglobinemia from inhalation of cigar smoke. PMID- 1119770 TI - Letter: Propranolol reversal of bulbar dysfunction and proximal myopathy in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 1119771 TI - Hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma and carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 1119772 TI - Letter: Acromegaly and primary hypogonadism. PMID- 1119773 TI - Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Physiologic evaluation and experimental approaches to therapy. AB - The plasma concentration of unconjugated bilirubin is determined by the rate at which newly synthesized bilirubin enters the plasma (bilirubin turnover) and the rate of irreversible bilirubin removal by the liver (hepatic bilirubin clearance). Measurement of each of these variables by kinetic studies with radiolabeled bilirubin permits a precise classification of cases of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia into those due to increased bilirubin turnover (for example, hemolysis), those due to decreased bilirubin clearance (for example, Gilbert's syndrome), and those in which both mechanisms operate. The ability to quantitate hepatic bilirubin clearance makes it possible to detect gilbert's syndrome even in the presence of concomitant hemolysis. Of the hereditary disorders of bilirubin metabolism, Gilbert's syndrome is common but innocuous, whereas Crigler Najjar syndrome is rare but devastating. An unusual case of Crigler-Najjar syndrome is described in which bilirubin encephalopathy developed at age 10. Various modalities used in an attempt to reduce her plasma bilirubin concentration by either increasing bilirubin clearance or reducing bilirubin turnover are described. PMID- 1119774 TI - The American Board of Internal Medicine recertification examination: process and results. AB - On 26 October 1974, 3356 diplomates of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) took a 1-day written examination for recertification consisting of multiple-choice, matching, and true-false questions derived from the American College of Physicians' Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program III and the ABIM Certifying Examination pool. The passing score was set by using a normative standard applied to a reference group of internists practicing general internal medicine who had had 2 or more years of residency training completed between the years 1949 and 1958. The passing score represented approximately 63% correct answers. The failure rate for the total number of examinees was 4.3%. Mean score of examinees showed an inverse relation with age but relatively slight differences when analyzed according to the degree of subspecialization, practice setting, hospital affiliation, or size of patient community. PMID- 1119775 TI - Editorial: Recertification: a good beginning. PMID- 1119776 TI - Editorial notes: Molecular defects in collagen. PMID- 1119777 TI - Editorial Notes: Drug spotlight on antacids and anticholinergics. PMID- 1119778 TI - South Africa: research worker's paradise. PMID- 1119779 TI - Letter: Risks of repeated immunization. PMID- 1119780 TI - Letter: Giardial infection from water. PMID- 1119781 TI - Letter: Inflammatory bowel disease and pericarditis. PMID- 1119782 TI - Letter: Aspirin hepatotoxicity. PMID- 1119783 TI - Letter: "Munchausen" coronary artery disease. PMID- 1119784 TI - Letter: Brain scanning in lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1119785 TI - Porphyria in relation to surgery and anaesthesia. AB - A review is presented of the more recent biochemical findings in the hepatic porphyrias. The clinical aspects of acute porphyria are re-emphasized and illustrated with a case history. In particular the differentiation between porphyria and surgical causes of abdominal pain is stressed. The anaesthetic management is discussed and details of diagnostic and screening tests are given. PMID- 1119786 TI - Liver biopsy. AB - An account is given of the findings obtained with open liver biopsy in 111 patients with various diseases, including 78 with cholecystitis and colelithiasis where unsuspected liver pathology, including biliary cirrhosis, was found in 37 patients. An exact diagnosis of hepatic metastasis by biopsy has therapeutic importance in malignant diseases, and in some patients, particularly those with argent-affinoma, liver involvement is compatible with normal life for many years. PMID- 1119787 TI - Split ileostomy in the treatment of Crohn's disease of the colon. AB - Because of the problems associated with surgical resection of Crohn's disease of the colon a more conservative approach has been used in Oxford since 1960. The inflamed large bowel has been defunctioned by an external diversionary ileostomy and subsequently the disease has been treated with topical and oral corticosteroids. The technique of the split ileostomy used for this purpose is described and the indications for the operation and early results of its use in 69 patients are recorded. In carefully chosen cases the method has two advantages over primary resection. In some patients the inflammation improved sufficiently for continuity of the bowel to be restored without resection being necessary and without medical treatment being required. In others the ileostomy resulted in a marked improvement in general health which has made the subsequent major resection a safer procedure. As an extension of the technique the use of an external faecal diversion by ileostomy is recorded in a further 11 patients who had a synchronous resection of a segment of bowel affected by Crohn's disease. PMID- 1119788 TI - Gynaecology and general surgery. AB - The gynaecological disorders most likely to be met by the general surgeon are those that present with acute abdominal symptoms and those unexpectedly encountered at laparotomy. The former group includes ectopic pregnancy, acute salpingitis, and complications of ovarian cysts and abortion and the latter endometriosis, ovarian tumours, and myomatosis. The characteristics and treatment of these various conditions are described and principles outlined for the guidance of the general surgeon in dealing with gynaecological problem. PMID- 1119789 TI - How should the common bile duct be explored? AB - An attempt has been made to find which of 3 operations currently in use for exploring the bile ducts gave the best clinical results. For this purpose 3 series of consecutive patients treated at The London Hospital over a 12-year period have been studied retrospectively. The operations used were as follows: (1) conventional supraduodenal choledochotomy; (2) transduodenal biliary sphincterotomy; and (3) a combined approach. The mortality in the supraduodenal series was 4 (4%) of 101 patients and in the transduodenal series 2 (2.4%) of 82 patients. Both routes were used in 26 patients, of whom 2 (7.7%) died. Early complications were commoner after choledochotomy than after biliary sphincterotomy, but when both procedures were combined the incidence was higher still. Late complications were also more frequent after both the supraduodenal and the combined approach, residual or recurrent stones and cholangitis being 6 times more common than after sphincterotomy alone. Postexploratory cholangiography, however, was not used routinly in the supraduodenal series and might conceivably have reduced this factor further, but not below 3. Stenosis occurred in one patient after choledochotomy and in one patient after the combined operation but not after sphincterotomy alone. In this study, therefore, transduodenal biliary sphincterotomy gave the lowest mortality and morbidity. With the combined procedure, however, the mortality and morbidity were much higher than after either method alone. PMID- 1119790 TI - Assessment and treatment of recurrent peptic ulceration. AB - From the experience of treating 91 patients with a proven recurrent ulcer we consider that if a proven ulcer is shown to be present and a gastrin-secreting tumour is excluded an appropriate reoperation will almost always produce a successful result (94 per cent). Before subjecting patients to reoperation all attempts must be made to secure a precise diagnosis. The following investigations should be performed: barium meal, panendoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, determination of maximum acid output (with insulin test and gastrin analysis if appropriate), and cholecystography. Before accepting a diagnosis of recurrent ulcer at least 2 of the first 3 tests should be postive. If the primary operation was a resection we advocate vagotomy alone as the second operation, provided there are no local complications such as stenosis, bleeding, or fistula. If the primary operation was a vagotomy and the recurrence is associated with a positive response to the insulin test we advocate revagotomy and antrectomy. If the insulin test is negative we normally repeat the test; if it is still negative then we use antrectomy alone. PMID- 1119791 TI - [Determination of neomycin in the film-forming aerosol preparation "Neotizol'"]. AB - A colorimetric method for guantitative determination of neomycin in the aerozol preparation "Neotizol" was developed. The determination was performed after neomycin isolation from the film-forming composition with the carboxylic ion exchange resins IRC-50 and KB-2 containing 2.5-3 per cent of divinylbenzol. The results of the colorimetric determination were compared with the data of the microbiological assay. The results of neomycin determination in the aerozol preparation "Neotizol" were treated statistically. PMID- 1119792 TI - [Effect of carbenicillin and its combination with prodigiozan and lysozyme on the course of an experimental inflammatory process of Proteus etiology]. AB - Biological properties of 142 Proteus strains isolated from patients were studied. Sensitivity of Proteus to II antibiotics was tested. The isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics. The highest number of the isolates was sensitive to ampicillin (77.1 minus or plus 7.16) and especially to carbenicillin (82.6 plus or minus 6.16). This provided the use of carbenicillin for the treatment of experimental septicemia in albino mice and wound processes in rabbits with Proteus complications. The high therapeutic effect of the antibiotic was shown in experiments with 210 albino mice and 44 rabbits. The therapeutic effect of carbenicillin increased when it was used in combination with prodigiozan and especially in combination with prodigiozan and lysozyme. PMID- 1119793 TI - [Effect of repeated cycles of tetraolean and oleandomycin administration on the indices of nonspecific resistence of the body in experimental staphylococcal sepsis]. AB - The effect of repeated cycles of tetracycline and oleandomycin administration on the complement titer, content of lysozyme and bactericidal properties of the serum in rabbits with experimental staphylococcal sepsis was studied. It was shown that the septic process induced by intravenous inoculation of staphylococci was accompanied by stimulation of the host nonspecific resistance. However, repeated inoculations of the animals resulted in exhaustion of the host protective forces and decreased non-specific resistance. The use of tetracycline in experimental staphylococcal sepsis was accompanied by an increase in the complement titer, lysozyme content and bactericidal properties of the serum after both the 1st and 2nd cycles of the drug administration. The use of oleaudomycin induced an increase in the contents of the complement, lysozyme and bactericidal properties of the serum at the background of staphylococcal sepsis only after the 1st cycle. The repeated cycle of oleandomycin administration was accompanied by a decrease in the above indices. Such conditions should be taken into account in choosing the antibiotic for treatment of septic cases especially when repeated cycles of the drug administration are used. PMID- 1119794 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agent of glanders]. AB - Sensitivity of the glanders causative agent to 20 antibiotics representing different groups is described. The results of the in vitro studies showed that most of the antibiotics were not active against the glanders causative agent, except for polymyxin M, levomycetin and their combination. Some relative activity was observed with neomycin. The "indicators" method used by the authors for determination of the M. mallei sensitivity to the antibiotics allowed the shortening of the time of the test by 8 to 10 hours. PMID- 1119795 TI - [Effect of the antibiotic sibiromycin on the bioelectrical activity of the heart and the serum transaminase activity in dogs]. AB - Experiments with dogs showed that daily intravenous administrations of sibiromycin in doses of 1.5 or 1 gamma/kg resulted in significant changes in the ECG: delayed heart rythm, narrowed R peak amplitude, lower P peak or its absence, presence of coronary T peak and location of S-T segment above the isoline, which corresponded to the increase in the transminase activity of the blood serum. When sibiromycin was used in a dose of 0.75 gamma/kg 30 times a day and in a dose of 1.5 gamma/kg 2 times a weak for 13 times T, P R peaks on the ECG changed. The cardiotoxic effect of sibiromycin depended on the dose. When used in a single dose of 5 gamma/kg, in a dose of 0.37 gamma/kg 30 times a day or in a dose of 2 or 1.5 gamma/kg once a weak for 7 times, sibiromycin had no toxic effect on the heart. PMID- 1119796 TI - [Effect of antibiotic therapy on the experimental production of antiviral antibodies]. AB - Because of the practical value of the study of peculiar properties of antinfluenza immunity under conditions of the use of tetracycline, streptomycin and penicillin, the experiments were performed on albino mice and rats. The studies showed that the antibiotics inhibited the intensity of production of specific antibodies, i.e. antihemagglutinines and virus neutralizing antibodies in the process of antiinfluenza immunization of the animals which must be connected with changes in the cells of the immunoreactive system, suppression of the activity of the metabolic processes. PMID- 1119797 TI - [Toxic action of morphocycline on pregnant rats]. AB - Morphocycline was administered intravenously to rats of Wistar line in doses of 100, 50 and 20 mg/kg at various periods of pregnancy. It was found that a single administration of morphocycline in the above doses to the rats on the 9th day of their pregnancy resulted in abortus in some female rats. Death and resorption of the fetus were more frequent after the antibiotic use in doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg. Repeated administrations of morphocycline in doses of 20 mg/kg resulted in abortus and postimplantation death of the fetus most pronounced in the animal groups treated with the antibiotic during the periods of the 7th to the 10th and from the 11th to the 14th days of pregnancy. The teratogenic activity of morphocycline was slightly pronounced. It was observed in some fetus after both single and repeated administrations of the antibiotic. PMID- 1119798 TI - Synthetic inhibitors of glucocerebroside beta-glucosidase. PMID- 1119799 TI - On the mechanism of the PMA-effected quenching of chloroplast fluorescence. PMID- 1119800 TI - DNA biosynthesis in rat liver mitochondria. Inhibition by sulfhydryl compounds and stimulation by cytoplasmic proteins. PMID- 1119801 TI - Preparation and properties of Fe 3+-amino acid complexes; Crystalline complexes with aliphatic amino acids. PMID- 1119802 TI - Chloroplast biogenesis. Biosynthesis and accumulation of Mg-protoprophyrin IX monoester and longer wavelength metalloporphyrins by greening cotyledons. PMID- 1119803 TI - The action of proteolytic enzymes on human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. PMID- 1119804 TI - Oxidation of compounds metabolized through folate coenzyme pathways in vitamin B12-deficient rats. PMID- 1119805 TI - Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in the rat central nervous system: intracellular and regional distribution. PMID- 1119806 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex from rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 1119807 TI - Multiple isoelectric and recognition forms of human beta-glucuronidase activity. PMID- 1119808 TI - Characteristics of the induction of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat liver. PMID- 1119809 TI - Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. Distinction between the "responsive" homozygote and heterozygote at the Ah locus. PMID- 1119810 TI - Dissociation of pyruvate dehydrogenase from the glucagon stimulation of pyruvate carboxylation in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 1119811 TI - Location and primary structure of the substrate binding site peptide of aldolase C. PMID- 1119812 TI - Differential effects of acetate on palmitate and octanoate oxidation: segregation of acetyl CoA pools. PMID- 1119813 TI - Quantitative relationship between photosystem I electron transport and ATP foramtion. PMID- 1119814 TI - Subunit constitution of proteins: a table. PMID- 1119816 TI - Letter: Myokymia. PMID- 1119815 TI - Multiple forms of elongation factor 1 in various rat tissues. PMID- 1119817 TI - Letter: Complications during methotrexate therapy for psoriasis. PMID- 1119818 TI - Letter: Fixed skin eruption caused by oxyphenbutazone with cross-reactivity to phenylbutazone. PMID- 1119819 TI - Letter: Toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 1119820 TI - Topical colchicine therapy for recalcitrant psoriasis. AB - Once daily applications of 1.0% colchicine in hydrophilic ointment for 6 to 12 weeks produced substantial resolution of recalcitrant psoriatic plaques, especially those on the trunk. With occlusion, lower concentrations of the drug (0.25% and 0.50%) were usually effective. A thick viscous base (hydrophilic petrolatum) was more effective than a hydrophilic cream base (hydrophilic ointment), presumably because of greater occlusivity. Treatment with topically applied colchicine may be valuable when other measures fail to control localized thick plaques of psoriasis. Its use is still experimental and should be restricted to small areas until more is known about its percutaneous absorption. PMID- 1119821 TI - Scabies: histological study of inflammatory lesions. AB - Histological findings of the inflammatory lesions of scabies are distinctive enough to guide the pathologist in the direction of this diagnosis. It is characterized by a combination of an acute, vesicular, eczematous type of epidermal change and an erythema multiforme type of dermal reaction. When this combination is present, a search should be made to expose the organism in tissue sections or in scrapings of the cutaneous lesions. PMID- 1119822 TI - A new formula for depigmenting human skin. AB - Complete depigmentation of the noraml skin of adult male blacks was procured by the daily application for five to seven weeks of a formula consisting of 0.1% tretinoin, 5.0% hydroquinone, 0.1% dexamethasone, and hydrophilic ointment. Depigmentation was not attainable when any one of the components was omitted. The formula was therapeutically effective in treatment of melasma, ephelides, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Senile lentigines were resistant to this therapy. PMID- 1119823 TI - Electron microscopical and biochemical analysis of colloid milium. AB - Two new cases of colloid millium were studied by several methods to examine if collagen is the source of colloid. Wound-healing experiments in the lesion revealed that colloid is reproduced de novo with possible interaction with epidermal cells. Unfixed, native colloid did not contain collagen and salt extraction did not alter the ultrastructure of colloid. Tissue culture of colloid fibroblasts produced colloid-like substance. These results suggest that colloid is not a degeneration product of collagen. Disc electrophoresis of extracted colloid produced a distinct band, which is absent in the normal skin control. Amino acid analysis of colloid suggests that colloid may contain the recently described class of glycoprotein, called "structural glycoprotein" that is not related to collagen because it does not contain hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine and contains only a small amount of glucose. These biochemical data support the conclusion reached in electron microscopical studies. PMID- 1119824 TI - Alteration of hypertrophic scars induced by mechanical pressure. AB - Hypertrophic scars and contractures may be rapidly resolved through application of pressure and forced extension. Examination of pressure-treated scars by scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrates a reduction in intercollagen cohesiveness and increasing numbers of vesicular fibroblasts. Assays of chrondroitin sulfate A show a decrease from the excessive levels found in untreated hypertrophic scars. It is suggested that the application of pressure increases an already present condition of hypoxia, which results in degeneration of many fibroblasts. The ratio of collagen synthesis to degradation would, then, be altered in favor of the latter, resulting in resolution of the scar. PMID- 1119825 TI - Precocious noduloulcerative cutaneous syphilis. AB - A man had widespread, noduloulcerative syphilitic lesions that appeared, chronologically, during the "secondary" stage of syphilis. There were no systemic manifestations of the disease, except for possible periostitis. The darkfield examination and spinal fluid examinations were negative for syphilis. It is suggested that the term "malignant" syphilis should be discarded in favor of nonduloulcerative cutaneous syphilis. PMID- 1119826 TI - Raynaud disease with oral manifestations. AB - A young women with a history of Raynaud phenomenon, without underlying disease, manifested spasms of the tongue at times when the episodes of the hands were most severe. Striking changes in the appearance of the tongue occurred. PMID- 1119827 TI - Familial progressive systemic scleroderma. AB - Three patients seen with similar findings of progressive systemic scleroderma. Two of the patients, a father and son, had very similar skin changes, sclerodactyly, Raynaud phenomenon, gastrointestinal involvement, and pulmonary symptoms. The three patients were from the highly inbred Brandywine triracial isolate. This isolate is a group of families who have been inbreeding since 1660 and now have the highest gene frequencies for sickle cell anemia and oculocutaneous albinism in the United States. There have been only a few reported cases of familial scleroderma and the hereditary aspect of the disease has not been well established. This report shows that the mortality for scleroderma in this isolate is at least 250 times the mortality of the general population, thus suggesting a probable genetic predisposition for the disease. PMID- 1119828 TI - Lymphangiosarcoma arising in congenital lymphedema. AB - An 85-year-old woman with congenital lymphedema of the right upper extremity developed a small purplish papule on the forearm, which was the first clinical evidence of lymphangiosarcoma. The lesion grew rapidly and became necrotic and ulcerated. The patient experienced severe pain. A mid-arm amputation was performed. Microscopical examination of the amputated limb showed widespread histological involvement of skin, muscle, and subcutaneous tissue by lymphangiosarcoma. The need for continuous monitoring of patients with both primary and secondary lymphedema is emphasized, since early diagnosis of the developing lymphangiosarcoma and rapid surgical intervention provide the best prognosis for survival. PMID- 1119829 TI - Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with fibrous dysplasia. AB - Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism have been thought to represent variants of the same disease process, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. A 31-year-old woman with the characteristic features of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, such as shortened metacarpals and metatarsals, round facies, and normal serum calcium values, was studied. Underdeveloped metacarpal and metatarsal heads produced an important diagnostic sign, Albright dimpling sign, which dermatologists can use to make the correct diagnosis. The presence of this sign, together with roentgenographic evidence, will usually exclude other diagnostic possibilities. Our patient had a normal response to parathyroid hormone infusion, including increased urinary adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate excretion. Radiological, light microscopic, and electron microscopic studies of the mandible showed fibrous dysplasia, a disease commonly reported to be present with hyperparathyroidism, but, to our knowledge, never before reported in association with any variant of hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 1119830 TI - Chronic urticaria from isophane insulin therapy; sensitivity associated with noninsulin components in commercial preparations. AB - A young woman with diabetes mellitus developed chronic urticaria after changing from isophane been insulin suspension to isophane beef-pork insulin suspension. She reverted to treatment with her original insulin preparation, but urticaria failed to terminate. While in the hospital, her eruption began each afternoon at the site of insulin injection. Zinc single-peak beef insulin suspension, a purer preparation with different additives than isophane beef insulin, was substituted, and urticaria terminated rapidly. Intradermal skin testing using single-peak (purified) preparations indicated that the patient was sensitive to beef and pork forms of isophane insulin but not to beef and pork forms of zinc insulin. The patient later had a brief recurrence of urticaria following oral erythromycin and tetracycline therapy but did not develop lesions at sites of insulin injection. PMID- 1119831 TI - Localized scleroderma. AB - Familial scleroderma is rare; only seven documented instances of the disease have been reported, to our knowledge. This report adds two more families to the literature. Three children in one family and two in the other had clinically and histiologically established localized scleroderma. PMID- 1119832 TI - Orally given indomethacin and blood flow response to UVL. AB - Blood flow in normal skin and skin treated with ultraviolet light (UVL) has been determined by measuring the clearance of epicutaneously applied xenon 133 gas. Mean blood flow in UVL-irradiated skin was 25.7 ml/100 gm/min, which is about twice that found in normal skin (12.2 ml/100 gm/min). Orally administered indomethacin reduced by one third the increase in blood flow produced by UVL irradiation. PMID- 1119833 TI - Granulomatous panniculitis in erythema nodosum. AB - A group of ten patients with granulomatous panniculitis was studied; five had erythema induratum of the tuberculous or the nontuberculous type and five had erythema nodosum. In both groups, histiocytic giant cells and lymphocytic inflammation of the fat were seen microscopically. Massive caseation was seen in the patients who had erythema induratum, but this was not a distinguishing feature between the tuberculous and the nontuberculous type. The clinical history in all instances was a reliable guide to diagnosis. No specific cause was found, and treatment was not specific. tin granulomatous panniculitis, the clinical pattern of disease is confusing in view of the histologic findings, and the diagnosis can be made with confidence only if the clinical findings are carefully correlated to the course of the disease. PMID- 1119834 TI - Soft-tissue calcification in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Calcification of soft tissues is known to occur frequently in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and dermatomyositis. To our knowledge, only seven case reports have appeared concerning this abnormality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe four patients with well-documented SLE who developed calcification in subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or periarticular structures. The pattern and localization of the calcification can mimic those seen in other disorders. PMID- 1119836 TI - Letter: Hypochromic nevus: the inheritance question. PMID- 1119835 TI - Pruritic maculopapular skin lesions in sarcoidosis. An unusual clinical presentation. AB - Pruritic maculopapular rash occurred in a 23-year-old black man. The lesion remained undiagnosed and required frequent hospital admissions. Twenty years after the onset of symptoms, the skin and lymph node biopsy specimens showed noncaseating granulomas. Sarcoidosis should always be included in the differential diagnosis of pruritic skin lesion. PMID- 1119837 TI - Letter: Limited usefulness of artificial light sources. PMID- 1119838 TI - Letter: Post-herpes zoster neuralgia: response to vitamin E therapy. PMID- 1119839 TI - Letter: Ultraviolet light therapy for psoriasis. PMID- 1119840 TI - Letter: Generalized granuloma annulare. PMID- 1119841 TI - Letter: Two unusual complications of topical fluorouracil therapy. PMID- 1119842 TI - Lymphocyte transformation in mycosis fungoides. AB - Lymphocyte transformation tests with PHA were carried out in 26 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) in different stages of the disease. In premycotic and infiltrative stages of MF there were no significant disturbances in the lymphocyte response to PHA. Inhibition of DNA synthesis and blastic transformation was observed only in the tumorous stage. The results are in favour of the nosological distinctiveness of mycosis fungoides within the lymphoma group. PMID- 1119843 TI - [A case of histiocytic medullary reticulosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119844 TI - [The effect of salicylic acid on epidermal cell proliferation kinetics in psoriasis. Autoradiographic in vitro-investigations(author's transl)]. AB - Salicylic acid in the therapeutic concentrations from 0.5 to 10% does not affect the rate of proliferation of psoriatic epidermal cells. In 18 patients suffering from psoriasis the H3-I (H3-thymidine labelling index) was determined using autoradiographic in vitro labelling techniques. In 12 of these patients double labelling with C14-and H3-thymidine was used to determine the H3-I, the DNA synthesis time (ts) and the duration of the cell-cycle (tc). No significant changes were observed following external application of salicyclic acid in white Vaseline in concentrations of 0.5, 2 and 10% for one week. PMID- 1119845 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity in xeroderma pigmentosum. PMID- 1119846 TI - [Hydrotherapy in cauterization wounds. A histologic study (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations have have been carried out in guinea pigs to test the usefullness of hydrotherapy. Concentrated sulfuric acid was applied to the skin for a period of 30 sec and 5 min. After this the skin was washed with tap water for 1 hr. The treated area was then subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examination. When the acid was applied for 30 sec, followed by rinsing, an almost complete restitution of the skin was found on the test area macroscopically and microscopically. Significant differences were also observed after an exposition of 5 min in comparison with untreated control animals. PMID- 1119847 TI - [The effect of fumaric acid monoethylester on the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins of PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes (author's transl)]. AB - Fumaric acid monoethylester (FAME) inhibits the incorporation of 14C-Thymidin, 14C-Uridin, 14C-Alanin and 14C-Leucin into acid-insoluble biopolymers of cultivated PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes. At high concentrations of FAME (500 mug/ml culture medium) the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis is 6 times higher on the average than the inhibition of protein synthesis. However, the application of the cis-isomer, maleic acid monoethylester (MAME), results in an increase of the incorporation rate of the labelled precursors into the RNA and DNA. This is 3.5--9.3 times higher than after application of FAME. The results demonstrate the specific inhibition by FAME. The rate of labelling of nucleic acids is decreased above 10 mug FAME/ml culture medium and in the case of MAME above 50 mug/ml medium. As an explanation of the specific action of FAME its influence on the enzymes of the nucleic acid synthesis, the citric acid cycle or a faulty synthesis of enzymes are discussed. PMID- 1119848 TI - [Effect of arsenic on the incorporation of 14C-thymidine into DNAP of phytohaemagglutinin-treated lymphocytes (author's transl)]. AB - In lymphocyte cultures stimulated with PHA Na2HAsO4 is able, independent of the arsenic doses used (10 mug, 30 mug, 50 mug/ml culture medium), to increase the 14C-thymidine incorporation in acid precipitable biopolymers. The increase was 17 plus or minus 4% at 1 hr exposure to arsenic, compared with control cultures which were not exposed to arsenic. The administration of 30 mug and 50 mug Na2HAsO4/ml medium at incubation periods between 2 and 18 hrs resulted in a decrease in the radioactive incorporation rate into the DNA which was dependent on dose and time. Using 10 mug Na2HAsO4 per ml medium, the 1 hr stimulation is followed by an inhibition (up to approximately 35%, control equals 100%), which lasts for approximately 3 hrs. This is followed by an increase in the 14C thymidine incorporation into the DNA for a further 2 hrs. The course of the inhibition curve with 10 mug Na2HAsO4 and with exposure times between 6 and 18 hrs the decreases again dependent on dose and time. As an explanation of the stimulation of the 14C-thymidine utilisation by arsenic, we suppose an increased repair activity. This may lead to a situation where (labelled) bases which are added outside the synthesis phase are incorporated into the DNA. The inhibition of 14C-thymidine incorporation which is dependent on dosage and time, with larger doses of arsenic can be explained by a prevailing influence of enzymes of the synthesis system (e.g. polymer arsenic), while the unusual course of the inhibition curve under the influence of 10 mug Na2HAsO4 shows that an activation and inhibition of enzyme systems (synthesis and repair) which is displaced in time is taking place. Apart from this, disturbances of regulation processes of the DNA replication and the initiation overlap can also be suspected as a cause of the phenomena observed. PMID- 1119849 TI - Immune response to primary immunization with brucella antigen in mycosis fungoides. AB - The immune response to primary immunization with brucella antigen was studied in 8 patients with mycosis fungoides and 11 controls. The development of as well cellular as humoral hypersensitivity to brucella antigen was followed by in vitro techniques. Both, patients with mycosis fungoides and controls were studied for previously acquired delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin by skin test. The distribution of B and T cells was encountered among the patients. Previously acquired cellular immunity was found equal in the two groups, however, induction of cellular hypersensitivity to brucella antigen was found depressed in mycosis fungoides patients compared with the controls. Also the humoral response to brucella antigen could seem depressed, only one of seven patients with mycosis fungoides had a positive titer, while seven of eleven controls had positive titres following vaccination; but the difference between the two groups was not significant. PMID- 1119850 TI - [Excision repair in lymphocytes of psoriasis (author's transl)]. AB - Psoriasis is a autosomal hereditary disease of the skin, which has been treated with a great number of possibly carcinogenic substances. No increase of maligonomies has been observed except for the tumors induced by arsenic. The question may be asked whether the psoriatic cell has additional or more effective mechanisms to eliminate onocogenic somatic mutations. In this study the capacity of the excision repair of circulating blood lymphocytes from 12 psoriatic patients has been investigated and compared to a control group of equal size. After irradiation with ultraviolet light, the lymphocytes are incubated with 3 H thymidine and at various intervals the radioactivity in the cell material precipitated with perchloric acid is measured. It appears, that the excision reapir in lymphocytes from patients with psoriasis and normal persons is equal. In addition, the influence of hydroxyurea on the thymidine incorporation in lymphocytes has been studied. PMID- 1119851 TI - Dermal irritancy of metal compounds. Studies with palladium, platinum, lead, and manganese compounds. AB - Dermal irritancy of 14 materials, including several compounds of palladium, platinum and lead, and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, plus deionized water (negative control) and glacial acetic acid (positive control), was tested on male albino rabbits weighing 2 to 3 kg. Procedures and evaluation criteria were adopted from those in use by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Five materials were evaluated as unsafe for intact or abraded skin contact as judged by severity of responses: glacial acetic acid (C3H5PDCl)2, (NH4)2PdCl4, (NH4)2PdCl6, and PtCl4; one as safe for intact, but not for abraded, skin: K2PdCl6; and two as safe for intact skin but not for abraded skin unless protected: K2PdCl4 and PdCl2. The remainder were evaluated as safe for intact or abraded skin contact (irritancy grade less than 1 on a scale of 4): H2O, Pd(NH3)2Cl2, PdO, PtO2, PtCl2, PbCl2, PbO, MMT. PMID- 1119852 TI - Development of occupational standards. AB - Criteria and recommended occupational safety and health standards have been developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health as a basic adversary review and comment process. Several changes in the process designed to alleviate problem areas include the preparation of work practice standards and the addition of supplementary requirements to the existing promulgated standards. PMID- 1119853 TI - Carboxyhemoglobin in nonsmokers: a mathematical model. AB - A study was made of existing mathematical models for both carbon monoxide (CO) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) buildup. From these models a combined model was derived for calculating delta%COHb in nonsmokers in an enclosed space in which excess concentrations of CO may occur. For simplicity the model was restricted to those occasions where CO concentration was at equillibrium or came to equillibrium in a time-short compared with exposure time. The equation derived was for delta%COHb calculated from CO, ventilation, respiration, persons, smokers, height, weight, cigarettes, and exposure time. Comparisons with published data show excellent agreement of calculated and observed values. PMID- 1119854 TI - Utensil swab test: its effectiveness in food service sanitation programs. AB - The effectiveness of the utensil swab test as part of the periodic inspection of food establishments was studied both as an indicator of cleanliness during the period between inspections and as an educational tool. Two to seven samplings were taken at intervals of two to three months at 95 food establishments in rural areas in the northern part of Israel. A statistical analysis showed a high variation and almost no correlation between repeated samplings of the same establishment. Also, no trend to suggest an educational effect was found. We concluded that, though the swab test had proved to be useful in special projects, it had no value as part of the periodic sanitary inspections. PMID- 1119855 TI - Mandatory vs voluntary medical examinations in industry. PMID- 1119856 TI - Sequential changes in cerebral blood flow and distribution of flow within the brain during hemorrhagic shock. AB - Sequential changes in cerebral blood flow as well as in regional blood flow to the brain (brain stem, cerebellum, hypothalamus, white matter and grey matter) were measured in unanesthetized dogs subjected to gradual prolonged hemorrhage according to a protocol which stimulates the most commonly encountered type of clinical hemorrhagic shock. Microspheres labeled with five different radioactive isotopes were injected into a left atrial catheter at five different times: control, early hypotension (immediately after hemorrhage), late hypotension (just before reinfusion of the shed blood), as well as one and eight hours after reinfusion of the shed blood. Immediately after hemorrhage, the total cerebral blood flow decreased slightly, but increased when calculated as a percent of the cardiac output. In the late hypotensive, hypovolemic stage, there was decreased flow calculated both as percentages of cardiac output and absolute flow as compared with the initial response to hemorrhage. Immediately after reinfusion of the shed blood, there were further reductions of flow. Eight hours subsequently, flow rose to values slightly above control. The patterns of each region was almost identical to that of the total cerebral flow. Since each of the major regions of the brain are approximately equally affected, changes in the level of consciousness and other cerebral functions occurring with hypovolemic shock may reflect circulation of the white matter as well as that of the whole brain. PMID- 1119857 TI - Physiologic effects of transfusing red blood cells with high or low affinity for oxygen to passively hyperventilated, anemic baboons: systemic and cerebral oxygen extraction. AB - Anemic, passively hyperventilated baboons were given preserved red blood cells either with increased or with slightly reduced affinity for oxygen to restore the red cell volume. In the high affinity group there was a 50% increase in cerebral blood flow immediately after the transfusion, but there was no significant change in the low affinity group. The cardiac output decreased slightly in the low affinity group, and increased slightly but insignificantly in the high affinity group. Two hours after transfusion the cerebral blood flow had returned to normal in the high affinity group. In both groups there was a decrease in arterial blood pH and an increase in Po2 in blood from the pulmonary artery and the jugular vein after transfusion. A 40% restoration of the 2,3 DPG level occurred within 4 hours of the transfusion of red cells with high affinity for oxygen, and this rapid increase was associated with increases in blood pH and inorganic phosphorus levels. Preserved red cells with high affinity for oxygen and low 2, 3 DPG levels significantly increased the cerebral circulation during the 2-hour posttransfusion period. These findings lend support to the recommendation that preserved red cells with normal or elevated 2,3 DPG levels be administered to patients in hemorrhagic or septic shock, and to patients subjected to extracorporeal circulation during cardiac surgery in order to lessen the demand for increased blood flow and to ensure adequate tissue oxygenation during the postoperative period. PMID- 1119858 TI - Comparison of filtering efficiency of four new in-line blood transfusion filters. AB - Efficient removal of debris from stored human blood prior to transfusion has become increasingly important. The debris, consisting largely of microaggregates of platelets and fibrin, is not effectively removed by passage through a standard transfusion filter. This study evaluated the performance of four of the currently available small pore in-line blood transfusion filters. Filters tested included the Bentley PF-127, the Pall Ultipor SQ-40, the Swank In-Line IL-200 and the Fenwal Microaggregate Blood Filter. A standard blood administration filter was also tested, the McGraw V-2950. The rate of blood flow through the filters was recorded using single and multiple units of blood. The screen filtration pressure and debris weight of the filtered blood were studied to compare effectiveness of filtration. The Swank filter was effective in debris removal and maintained good flow rates. The Bentley and Fenwall filters removed debris nearly as well, but had reduction of flow rates after smaller infusions. The Pall filter maintained high flow rates but did not remove debris as effectively, particularly with pressure infusion. The standard 170 mu pore blood transfusion filter does not remove microaggregates. PMID- 1119859 TI - The association of parathyroid adenoma and non-medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Thyroid carcinoma was discovered in five of 56 (8.9%) patients operated upon for hyperparathyroidism. In only one instance was a mass palpated preoperatively. An additional 26% of the 56 patients had either multinodular goiter or follicular adenomas. It is thus important to biopsy the thyroid nodules which may represent malignancy. PMID- 1119860 TI - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation: potential for therapy in hemorrhagic shock with associated myocardial failure. AB - After attaching appropriate monitoring devices enabling the measurement of the slope of the left ventricular function curve, left atrial pressure, mean aortic pressure, peak left ventricular pressure, and tension time index, three groups of ten dogs were subjected to varying periods of hemorrhagic shock until a slope of their ventricular function curve was reduced to either 75% (Group I), 50% (Group II), or 25% (Group III) of their baseline value. Resuscitation was attempted in all dogs by the intravenous infusion of shed blood plus additional balanced salt solution. This infusate was administered to maintain either the mean aortic pressure within 15 mm Hg of the baseline value or a left atrial pressure of 15 mm Hg, whichever occurred forst. One half of the dogs received, in addition, intra aortic balloon counterpulsation. All dogs not receiving counterpulsation expired within two hours. There was no apparent effect of counterpulsation on Group I animals. Three of five animals (Group II) and four of five animals (Group III) receiving counterpulsation survived to the end of the experiment with significant (p smaller than .01) improvement in the parameters monitored. The utilization of counterpulsation as an adjunct to treatment in hemorrhagic shock is suggested. PMID- 1119861 TI - Mesenteric thrombosis following splenectomy. AB - Three cases of postsplenectomy mesenteric thrombosis, two associated with thrombocytosis, are presented. Experience has shown that persistent thrombocytosis, accompanied by abnormal platelet function, is not a benign condition and may be associated with thrombosis. When encountered, postsplenectomy thrombocytosis of greater than 800,000 per mm-3 must be evaluated by platelet function studies and anticoagulation begun. Post-prandial cramping abdominal pain may be an early symptom of thrombosis, demanding immediate anticoagulation. Low-dose heparin, ASA, and dipyridamole are three of the more commonly used treatment modalities. Small bowel resection is indicated if thrombosis occurs. PMID- 1119862 TI - Fecal impaction following methadone ingestion simulating acute intestinal obstruction,. AB - A hitherto unreported clinical entity, namely fecal impaction following methadone ingestion simulating acute intestinal obstruction, is described. Five cases admitted to the Surgical Service of the Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City are discussed. The nature and pathogenesis of the obstruction are analyzed and a suggested method of managing these cases is presented. It is emphasized that with expansion and increasing acceptance of Methadone Maintenance Treatment Programs, the number of such cases will increase. It is thus important that physicians become aware of the existence of this syndrome since involvement in methadone maintenance may be a life-long commitment for persons involved, thus increasing the incidence of the complication. It is also imperative to avoid unnecessary, and possibly harmful surgical intervention in such cases. PMID- 1119863 TI - Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma: case report and review of literature. AB - A case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung is added to the literature. Previously, 66 cases were documented. This is a case of a 55-year-old male, a pulmonary cripple for many years, with a collapsed left lower lobe found by roentgenogram, verified by bronchoscopy and bronchograms. Biopsy of lesion was reported as low grade leiomyosarcoma. Despite pulmonary function studies showing a vital capacity of 37% of predicted normal, a left pneumonectomy was preformed. Postoperatively, the patient had a tachycardia which gradually decreased in the next several months. Two months following operation pulmonary function studies were essentially unchanged from those made preoperatively. Arterial gas studies are presented pre and postoperatively. PMID- 1119864 TI - Results of conservative treatment of breast cancer at ten and 15 years. AB - The ten-year survival of patients at the Cleveland Clinic treated by operations less than radical mastectomy was 45% compared with 43% in identically staged patients of the "National Cancer Registry" treated predominantly by radical mastectomy. The five and ten-year survival rates of patients treated by simple operations was higher than that of a similar group of patients treated by radical operations, but at 15 years there was no difference. The late deaths from cancer in the patients treated conservatively occurred in patients with favorably staged cancers who never had local recurrences and most of whom had no involvement of nodes. The incidence of local recurrence was no higher after simple operations than after the radical procedure. The ten-year incidences of local recurrence and of death from cancer were the same after partial mastectomy as after total mastectomy. It is pointed out that differences in staging the cancers and in reporting the survival rates invalidate comparisons of results from different institutions. The figures presented suggest that conservative operations and radical operations give the same survival rates at ten and at 15 years. PMID- 1119865 TI - Diabetes insipidus secondary to penetrating thoracic trauma. AB - Three cases of diabetes insipidus following non-cranial trauma are presented. They are believed to be the first of their kind reported. The etiology, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus are discussed. The literature if briefly reviewed and similarities between patients with DI due to long bone trauma with fat embolism, post open heart surgery hypotension, Sheehan's syndrome following postpartum hemorrhage, DI and our own patients are discussed. It is concluded that the diabetes insipidus is caused by selective disruption of posterior pituitary circulation due to fat globules, thrombi and hypovolemia resulting in hypoxia and tissue necrosis. PMID- 1119866 TI - Vagotomy and double pyloroplasty for peptic ulcer. AB - Seventy patients with peptic ulcers (55 duodenal and 15 gastric) were treated by truncal vagotomy and doulbe pyloroplasty during the past four years. Clinical and experimental data as presented lead us to believe that transecting the pylorus twice produces an incontinent pyloric sphincter and a larger gastric outlet than is found in other methods of pyloroplasty. This decreases gastric stasis and has led to a lower ulcer recurrence rate (1.5%). In addition the untoward postoperative sequelae are minimal. The 70 patients treated (for the most pare consecutive cases) exhibited the usual complications of peptic ulcer disease. Thirty-three had intractable pain, 23 bleeding (15 massive), 13 obstruction, and one acute perforation. There were no operative or postoperative deaths and the only serious postoperative complication was unrelated to the double pyloroplasty. During the followup period four patients have died of unrelated diseases. Of the remaining 66 patients one developed a probable recurrent peptic ulcer which has responded to medical management. Four patients have intermittent dumping, three have mild diarrhea and one has failed to gain weight, Constipation and weight gain are more common complaints. It would appear that vagotomy with double pyloroplasty is a safe and effective operation for peptic ulcers and that further clinical trials are warranted. PMID- 1119867 TI - Pancreatic exocrine secretion during and after pregnancy. AB - Pancreatitis occurring in late pregnancy and in the puerperium has been documented as an entity unrelated to cholelithiasis or hyperlipidemia. Canine pancreatic exocrine function has been studied during pregnancy and the puerperium. Pancreatic secretion was evaluated in eight pregnant female mongrel dogs prepared with Thomas duodenal and gastric fistulae, during pregnancy (corresponding to the third trimester in humans), during the puerperium, and several months after whelping. Basal secretion (volume and HCO3) was increased during pregnancy and the puerperium. The response to exogenous secretin (submaximal and maximal) was unchanged during pregnancy but decreased in the puerperium. Resting enzyme output was increased during pregnancy and the puerperium; the responses to cholecystokinin-pancreozymin during pregnancy were even more profoundly increased. Although the mechanism is speculative, these alterations in pancreatic function might contribute to the development of pancreatitis in pregnancy and the puerperium. PMID- 1119868 TI - Hepaticogastrostomy: ulcerogenic preparation or therapeutic alternative. AB - Recent laboratory and clinical studies have implicated bile salts in the patogenesis of gastric ulceration. Common hepatic duct to stomach anastomosis results in total diversion of bile to the stomach and has been utilized at the Lahey Clinic occasionally for bypass of the obstructed common bile duct in difficult technical situations where conventional procedures were deemed prohibitively difficult. Of seven patients undergoing hepaticogastrostomy, two had upper gastrointestinal bleeding in followup. One of these patients had documented esophageal varices and stopped bleeding after splenorenal shunt. The other had massive sepsis which predisposed him to gastric ulceration. From this small series it is clear that the entire biliary output of the liver can be shunted into the stomach without greatly increased risk of clinically significant gastric ulceration. Hepaticogastrostomy provided relief from jaundice in all but one of the seven patients in the series and remains an occasionally useful procedure. These data indicate that diversion of the entire flow of bile from the liver into stomach does not cause gastric ulcers. PMID- 1119869 TI - Effects of cortisone acetate, methylprednisolone and medroxyprogesterone on wound contracture and epithelization in rabbits. AB - Standardized flank wounds were made on 20 rabbits divided into the following five groups: Group 1 served as controls, Group 2 were given cortisone acetate 6.25 mg/kg/day (I.M.), Group 3--methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 1 mg/kg/day, Group 4- medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) 35 mg/kg/day, Group 5--methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg/day and medroxyprogresterone 35 mg/kg/day. Wound contracture and epithelization was measured by planimetry of photographs taken twice weekly; weekly weights were recorded, and the maturation phase of wound healing followed in the control and methylprednisolone groups. All three steroids prolonged the latent phase of wound healing, slowed the rate and decreased the total amount of contracture. Cortisone showed the most inhibition of wound contracture and was the only steroid to inhibit epithelization suggesting it may have a slightly different or more potent mode of action. When the methylprednisolone group was followed for seven weeks on daily injections, the maturation phase of wound healing was inhibited, and this inhibition persisted during the next nine weeks after the drug was withdrawn. Only the control and the medroxyprogesterone group gained weight. Combining medroxyprogesterona and methylprednisolone resulted in the severest weight loss of 20% with a 60% mortality. PMID- 1119870 TI - Laser surgery in exsanguinating liver injury. AB - Thirty-two conditioned 15-18 kg dogs underwent laparotomy, heparinization, left lateral hepatic lobe injury and subsequent partial left lateral hepatic lobectomy. The hemostatic capabilities of the surgical scalpel combined with suture ligatures and stay sutures, the Bovie, and the CO2 laser were compared. The CO2 laser proved significantly more effective in achieving hemostasis both in comparison to the Bovine and the surgical scalpel combined with classical methods. The postoperative mortality utilizing the Bovie was 11%, the scalpel 30% and the laser 23%. Two of the three laser deaths were related to a bulky laser delivery system which can be redesigned. Postoperative laboratory evaluation revealed that SGOT, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin and hemoglobin levels were altered in the postoperative period but returned to normal levels in uniform fashion in all groups. There was no statistical difference between various surgical modalities with regard to these parameters. The white blood count was significantly lower in laser dogs when compared to the other two groups. Other laboratory parameters were unchanged. Damage to liver tissue may be less extensive when the laser is utilized as opposed to the Bovie or stay suture methods of hemostasis and healing is equally good. The CO-2 laser is considered a valuable ancillary tool in hepatic resection and clinical evaluation is warranted. PMID- 1119871 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and prognosis in patients with colon cancer. AB - One-hundred and fifty patients with non-metastatic colo-rectal cancer were followed for a period of 24 to 36 months postoperatively. Preoperative CEA values have been shown to correlate with the extent of the disease and the patient's prognosis. The prognosis for recurrences is greater in patients with elevated pre operative CEA values regardless of the stage of their disease. This tendency to have recurrences is 1.8 times higher in individuals with increased pre-operative CEA levels. This same relationship occurs to a greater or lesser extent at each stage of the disease. PMID- 1119872 TI - Management of umbilical hernias associated with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites. AB - A series of 35 umbilical herniorraphies in patients with cirrhosis of the liver is reported. In this group there were eight significant complications (22%) and six deaths (16%). There was no evidence in this study of increased likelihood of esophageal variceal bleeding secondary to the interruption of portosystemic collaterals in the umbilical region. An aggressive surgical approach is indicated in cirrhotic patients, with umbilical herniae complicated by incarceration, strangulation, rupture, ulceration, and leakage of ascitic fluid. On the other hand it is recommended, that repair of non-complicated umbilical herniae be delayed until the cirrhosis is stabilized, ascites has diminished and nutrition has been improved. In many instances herniorrhaphy may not be necessary after disappearance of ascites. PMID- 1119873 TI - Management of ileal perforation due to typhoid fever. AB - The results of the surgical management of 161 cases of ileal perforation due to typhoid fever are presented. Most were seen after an illness of 2-4 weeks, and because of delays in seeking hospital admission, more than half were explored more than 24 hours after their perforation occurred. All patients were prepared for operation with nasogastric suction, intravenous fluids, and antibiotics. At laparotomy, 80% had considerable quantities of pus and small bowel contents in the peritoneal cavity and the remainder had localized abscesses; there were no instances of localization of the perforation. One hundred three of these patients underwent simple closure of their perforations, while 43 underwent small bowel resection, usually because of multiple perforations. Exteriorization or drainage were performed only in patients too sick to tolerate a more appropriate procedure. The overall mortality was 9.9%. The authors believe that typhoid perforations can best be dealt with at operation. Delay in operative intervention adversely affects the survival rate after surgery. Chloramphenicol is used as the drug of choice. PMID- 1119874 TI - The surgeon, the surgery, the patient, and the disease: factors complicating colonic surgery. AB - A review of 231 cases of colonic operations performed during the year 1971 by, or under the supervision of, 32 attending surgeons in an 850 bed private community medical center was undertaken. The overall mortality rate was 5.6% while a 35.5% overall complication rate was also noted. Factors significantly associated with increased overall complication rate were: emergency operations, preoperative anemia (hemoglobin less than 10 gm%), preoperative hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin less than 3 gm%), preoperative obstruction, malignant lesions of the colon and ulcerative colitis, prolonged operation, operations requireing a large quantity of packed cell transfusion, coexisting hepatic disease and operations performed by surgical attending staff under 50 years of age in this institution. Each of these factors is discussed individually. Several factors that were expected to be associated with increased complication rate failed to show significant statistical correlation in this series. These are: age of the patient, coexisting diseases other than hepatic disease, absence of prophylactic parenteral antibiotics, preoperative perforations and operations involving resection of the colon. Hypotheses are offered to explain a number of unexpected poor correlations. PMID- 1119875 TI - Traumatic injuries to the duodenum: a report of 98 patients. AB - Data of 98 patients who had sustained traumatic injuries to the duodenum during a recent 7-year period is reviewed. The overall mortality was 23.5%; that of the blunt injury group was 35%, that of the penetrating injury group was 20%. However, after the establishment of a trauma unit, the mortality for duodenal injuries fell from 32% to 12%. Death from duodenal wounds may be reduced by earlier hospitalization, earlier diagnosis and consequently earlier surgical repair. Vigorous treatment of shock is essential. A specialized trauma unit with personnel experienced in the management of shock and trauma problems provides a better environment to carry out the preoperative and postoperative care of the acutely injured patient. Adequate surgical treatment of the blunt injury and missile injury of the duodenum should consist of the following procedures: 1) repair of the duodenal wall utilizing conventional techniques; 2) internal decompression of the repair by afferent jejunostomy; 3) efferent jejunostomy for postoperative feeding; 4) temporary gastrostomy; and 5) external drainage of the repair. In certain selected instances, the simple stab wound of the duodenum may be treated by conventional repair without decompression, but a loop of jujunum should be sutured over the repair to prevent delayed disruption. The majority of patients with injuries to the duodenum have associated organs injured which also require considered surgical judgment and action. PMID- 1119876 TI - Physiologic effects of hyperventilation and phlebotomy in baboons: systemic and cerebral oxygen extraction. AB - Eighteen anesthetized baboons were studied to determine the effects of passive hyperventilation and phlebotomy on oxygen transport. After 1 hour of hyperventilation a significant increase in the red cell affinity for oxygen occurred in vivo. This was not associated with any significant changes in cardiac output, oxygen consumption, or in lactic acid production. There was a 40% decrease in cerebral blood flow, a 10 mm Hg decrease in the pulmonary artery Po2 level, and a 17 mm Hg decrease in the jugular venous Po2 level. After 1 hour of hyperventilation, the plasma inorganic phosphorus level decreased significantly, the red cell ATP level decreased slightly, and the red cell 2. 3 DPG level increased significantly, indicating that inorganic phosphorus had been removed from the blood during hyperventilation. Passive hyperventilation was maintained, and the baboons were bled 32% of their red cell volume. The blood volume was partially restored with nonbuffered isotonic saline. One hour after the phlebotomy and volume restoration (2 hours of hyperventilation) there were no changes in oxygen consumption, cardiac output, cerebral blood flow, or blood lactate levels, but the pulmonary artery Po2 level was decreased by 15 mm Hg, and the jugular venous Po2 level was decreased by 20 mm Hg. Systemic oxygen consumption was not affected by the significant decrease in pulmonary artery Po2. PMID- 1119877 TI - Esophageal perforation: an increasing challenge. AB - Esophageal perforation continues to be a challenge. The overall incidence is rising even though iatrogenic perforations are decreasing. With early diagnosis followed by prompt surgical treatment, most patients can be expected to survive. Roentgenographic contrast studies demonstrated a perforation in all but 1 of our patients who had this examination and should be used early in patients suspected of having an esophageal perforation. The mortality rate is directly related to the interval between perforation and initiation of treatment. Nonoperative treatment, even for cervical esophageal perforations, is not advocated. An aggressive approach, consisting of closure of the perforation and adequate drainage, is indicated for both diagnosis and surgical treatment. PMID- 1119878 TI - Use of intercostal muscle in primary repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. AB - Forty-one patients with esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula underwent primary repair. Results are compared among patients in whom an intercostal muscle graft was interposed between the trachea and esophagus and those without the graft. Patients with muscle interposition had lower morbidity and mortality and better long-term results. PMID- 1119879 TI - Anesthesia for prolonged bronchoscopy. AB - At the Mayo Clinic, experience with 22 patients undergoing bronchoscopy on 29 occasions has shown that prolonged operative manipulation in the airway can be carried out safely and satisfactorily using general anesthesia. Requisites for this procedure include a period of apneic oxygenation, an adequate-sized endotracheal tube, hyperventilation of the patient during operative manipulation, and careful attention to management of postoperative bronchospasm. Prolonged bronchoscopy under general anesthesia has permitted localization of occult bronchogenic carcinoma at an earlier stage than has been possible up to this point. PMID- 1119880 TI - Transbronchial catheterization of pulmonary abscesses. AB - A major indication for bronchoscopy in patients with pulmonary abscess is the need to establish adequate drainage. Often, associated bronchial swelling precludes direct entry into the cavity with standard suctioning devices. Satisfactory drainage may require numerous bronchoscopic procedures, prolonging hospitalization and subjecting the patient to the complications of pyogenic pulmonary abscess. We have recently adopted the technique of passing angiography catheters through the rigid bronchoscope into the abscess cavity, thereby facilitating the bacteriological diagnosis and drainage of the cavity. PMID- 1119881 TI - Current concepts in thoracic drainage systems. AB - Thoracic drainage systems are currently marketed in many varieties, resulting in significant cost and complicating patient management. Realistic needs have been identified from a survey of thoracic surgeons. These are: (1) clear plastic chest catheters with multiple drainage holes in sizes 28, 32, and 36F for adults and 16, 20, and 24F for infants and children; (2) serrated plastic connectors that can be sized at operation; (3) connecting tubes of clear plastic 6 feet long with a diameter of 1/2 inch; (4) a single graduated volume-collecting bottle of 1- to 2-liter capacity that can be emptied and marked, with a separate waterseal component and an associated manometer; and (5) a highflow vacuum source. A drainage system with these characteristics should be safe, effective, simple, and less costly. PMID- 1119882 TI - Subdural hematoma following open-heart operations. AB - Six patients who died following open-heart operations were found at postmortem examination to have acute subdural hematomas. On the basis of the clinical and postmortem findings, two factors in the pathogenesis of the hemorrhage are postulated. In the presence of intraoperative heparin administration, significant hematoma formation may result from damage to the bridging dural veins from minor, inadvertent head trauma or alterations in cerebral volume from fluid shifts. Manipulation of the head in patients who have been given heparin should be undertaken with extreme care, particularly in infants. In any patient with neurological dysfunction who has also had an open-heart operation, the possibility of an expanding subdural hematoma must be considered. PMID- 1119883 TI - Late complications of aortic valve replacement with cloth-covered, composite-seat prostheses. A six-year appraisal. AB - Advanced actuarial techniques are used to analyze early and late results in a closely followed series of 396 patients who received a cloth-covered, composite seat aortic prosthesis. Late mortality and various complications are carefully assessed, and most late deaths are seen to be unrelated to the prosthesis. One hundred sixteen patients with Model 2310-2320 prostheses who received warfarin postoperatively had no thromboembolic complications in 360 patient-years of follow-up (average, 3.1 years per patient); 134 patients who had the same prosthesis but did not receive warfarin had 9 emboli per 100 patient-years (average follow-up, 1.7 years per patient; total, 228 patient-years). By comparison, in 9 years' experience with non-cloth-covered Model 1200-1260 valves, 132 patients had 4.0 emboli per 100 patient-years (average follow-up, 5.1 years; total, 673 patient-years). The safety of cloth-covered valves is clearly enhanced by concomitant use of anticoagulants; the possibility that antiplatelet drugs may suffice has not yet been demonstrated. Strut cloth wear was found at reoperation in 10 patients. The Model 2400 composite strut ("track") valve with a narrow metal track on the inner surface of each strut prevents this complication. PMID- 1119884 TI - Effects of an abdominal left ventricular assist device on myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratios in normally perfused and ischemic bovine myocardium. AB - The effects of an abdominal left ventricular assist device (ALVAD) on subendocardial oxygen supply/demand ratios as reflected by diastolic pressure time index/tension-time index (DPTI/TTI) were investigated in calves. Control DPTI/TTI ratios were 1.09 plus or minus 0.12 (mean plus or minus SD). With ALVAD actuation the ratios increased to 5.73 plus or minus 3.2. Following circumflex coronary artery occlusion, control ratios decreased to 0.04 plus or minus 0.05 in the ischemic area and 0.97 plus or minus 0.20 in the nonischemic areas. With ALVAD actuation in the presence of circumflex occlusion, the depressed ratios were increased to 1.37 plus or minus 0.39 in the ischemic zone and 9.71 plus or minus 2.5 in the nonoccluded segments. Subendocardial oxygen supply/demand ratios were significantly improved by ALVAD assistance following induced subendocardial ischemia. PMID- 1119885 TI - A simple model of the hemodynamic effects of a proximal coronary artery narrowing. AB - A simple mathematical model of the hemodynamic effects of a discrete proximal coronary artery obstruction is presented. The model demonstrates that resting myocardial flow demands fail to be met when the vessel diameter is decreased by 75% or greater. More strikingly, it shows that the maximum flow obtainable for increased myocardial oxygen demand begins to fall significantly with a lesion causing a 40 to 50% obstruction. The implications of these findings in relation to stress-induced angina are discussed. PMID- 1119886 TI - Primary amyloidosis of the respiratory tract. AB - Two patients with solitary amyloidosis of the respiratory tract are discussed. Bronchial obstruction caused by amyloid deposits led to the death of our first patient. Diagnosis in the second patient was made after removal of a localized amyloid deposit within the lung parenchyma. PMID- 1119887 TI - Coronary venous retroperfusion for myocardial revascularization. AB - Although the use of retrograde arteriovenous bypass perfusion may seem appealing in those patients with diffuse occlusive coronary artery disease in whom arterial bypasses are not possible, the likelihood of success seems small. Experimental evidence indicates that such retroperfusion in opposition to antegrade perfusion causes the myocardium to become hemorrhagic. Further experimental evidence indicates that this damaging effect on the myocardium may be prevented by a second bypass which vents the arterial side to a low-pressure system. PMID- 1119888 TI - Editorial: Esophageal perforation. PMID- 1119889 TI - Editorial: The future of porous-fabric arterial prostheses. A subject for continued research. PMID- 1119890 TI - Letter: Dual bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 1119891 TI - Microbodies in methanol-assimilating yeasts. AB - Cells of 3 yeast species capable of assimilating methanol have been examined by electron microscopy. When grown on methanol as the sole source of carbon and energy they contained many microbodies. Cells grown on glucose or ethanol either did not contain such bodies at all, or only to a limited extent. PMID- 1119892 TI - Amino sugar and amino acid constituents of the cell walls of the extremely halophilic cocci. AB - Cell wall hydrolysates of nine strains of extremely halophilic cocci all contained gylcine, glucosamine, galactosamine, and gulosaminuronic acid. Muramic acid was not present in any of the strains. PMID- 1119893 TI - Utilization of mental health services. I. Patienthood and the prevalence of symptomatology in the community. AB - We explored the association between patienthood and prevalence of symptomatology in the community. Base line data on prevalence were obtained through the use of a household survey. Characteristics of survey respondents (N equals 938) and patients admitted from the surveyed area to a Connecticut Mental Health Center during a 12-month period (N equals 808) were compared. High utilization of facilities was associated with the prevalence of symptoms in the community, particularly where defining characteristics were descriptors of disadvantaged social status. A second set of variables correlated with mental health center use but not with the prevalence of symptoms in the community. By and large, these characteristics describe a lack of social supports not necessarily related to social status. Finally, certain groups were underrepresented as patients even though comprising polulations-at-risk in terms of levels of symptom impairment in the community. PMID- 1119894 TI - Utilization of mental health services. II. Mediators of service allocation. AB - Data were obtained from a mental health survey of a representative sample of 938 adults from a defined geographic area and 808 patients from the same area who were admitted to a community mental health center. Multivariate techniques were used to isolate factors that best predicted mental health center use. The existence of "patienthood" as a dimension of residence-related behavior was confirmed. Although psychological impairment was predictive of patienthood, other factors including age and familial and social disorganization also acted as mediators of patienthood. Indexes of social status, such as race and social class, did not emerge as major allocative mediators. PMID- 1119895 TI - Natural history of male psychological health. III. Empirical dimensions of mental health. AB - In a nonpatient polulation, the concept of mental health was operationally defined both in terms of behavior and of abstract psychological functioning. Ninety-five college sophomores, selected for psychological health, were prospectively followed up for 30 years. They were assessed by independent raters on a scale reflecting objectively defined healthy adult adjustment; on a scale of clinically defined psychiatric illness; and on a scale of maturity of ego defenses. These three scales were highly correlated. It seemed likely that relatively objective items like length of vacation, divorce, heavy use of mood altering drugs, career dissatisfaction, and visits to medical physicians can--as a cluster--statistically identify the abstract concept of mental health. PMID- 1119896 TI - Developmental aspects of aging in women. A comparative study of dreams. AB - Changes with age in the nature of women's inner experience were investigated through a comparison of the manifest dreams of a group of older women (ages 40 to 85 years) with the dreams from two groups of younger women (ages 18 to 26 and 16 to 17 years). The major comparative findings include a narrowing down of internal personal investments, a decrease in concerns about aggression, a decrease in the dreamer's sense of herself as pivotal, and, strikingly, an augmented amount of internally represented robust and locomotor activity for the older women. These results seem to correspond with other reports in the literature on the experience of aging women. PMID- 1119897 TI - Depression in bereavement and divorce. Relationship to primary depressive illness: a study of 128 subjects. PMID- 1119898 TI - Reactive psychoses. A family study. AB - Reactive, or psychogenic, psychoses have been given the most attention in the literature by Scandinavian investigators. We defined diagnostic criteria for reactive psychoses emphasizing differences with manic-depressive psychoses and schizophrenia. Forty Danish probands were selected and family history data was obtained by personal interview and record review. In order to compare our results with other investigations, we age corrected family history data. Siblings of reactive probands were found to have significantly more reactive psychoses than siblings of manic-depressives or schizophrenics, and significantly less schizophrenia than siblings of schizophrenics. Although there was some genetic overlap with manic-depressive psychosis, we believe that the findings are sufficiently distinct to warrant the separate diagnostic category of reactive psychoses. PMID- 1119899 TI - A longitudinal study of three brain damaged children. Infancy to adolescence. AB - The developmental course of three children with brain damage (now 14 to 16 years of age) was followed since early infancy in the New York Longitudinal Study. Data on behavioral characteristics, patterns of parental attitudes and practices, clinical neurological, and psychiatric evaluation, and psychometric findings at different age periods are available. Each child has shown a different behavioral course that could not be explained only in terms of motor dysfunction, intellectual deficit, patterns of parental management and attitudes, or more general features of environmental demand alone, but also required a consideration of the constellation of temperamental organization. Patterns of adaptation and levels of functioning were the complex product of the interaction of all these factors. One child developed the clinical syndrome of childhood schizophrenia. PMID- 1119900 TI - Parent-child relationships and psychopathological disorder in the child. AB - This report uses naturally occurring adoptions to tease apart the effects of heredity and rearing on the development of psychopathological disorder in the child. The quality of relationship between the child and his adoptive parents was assessed in four groups of subjects, and the degree of illness in the child was correlated with the quality of parent-child relationship. Quality of rearing and hereditary input both affect the development of psychopathological disorder, but the amount of variance explained by rearing tends to be low. PMID- 1119901 TI - Human growth hormone response to levodopa. Relation to menopause, depression, and plasma dopa concentration. AB - After ingestion of 500 mg of levodopa, postmenopausal women had significantly diminished human growth hormone (HGH) responses (mean, 4.6 ng/ml), as compared with those of age-matched men (mean, 9.1 ng/ml; P smaller than .05). The differences between the groups were not related to plasma dopa concentrations. The HGH responses to levodopa of age-matched unipolar and bipolar depressed men, and of unipolar depressed postmenopausal women, did not differ significantly from their respective normal control groups. Depressive illness of these types does not appear to affect the HGH response to levodopa, once the effect of the menopause is taken into account. PMID- 1119902 TI - Dimensional diagnosis and the medical student's grasp of psychiatry. AB - Two problems that interfere with the student's understanding and acceptance of psychiatric knowledge result largely from the use of a categorical model for psychiatric diagnosis. These two problems are: (1) the apparent inapplicability of the standard system of psychiatric diagnosis to real patients; and (2) the apparent irrelevance for general medical practice of psychiatric diagnosis and theory. Both problems may be avoided by presenting psychiatry in the framework of a multidimensional diagnostic schema that used familiar terms but treats them as dimensions with severe, moderate, and mild degrees of impairment rather than as categories of mutually exclusive psychiatric diseases. A teaching program is described in which detailed review of student interviews with psychiatric and especially nonpsychiatric patients is employed to demonstrate the usefulness of multidimensional psychiatric diagnosis. PMID- 1119903 TI - [The structure of salts of pilocarpine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119904 TI - [On the objective measuring of the cooling effects of cooling topics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119905 TI - [1-methyl-3-aminoalkyl-piperidines II (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119906 TI - [Potential acetylcholinesterase reactivators. 7. Esters of pyridine-N-oxide carbaldehyde oximes and their quaternary derivatives]. PMID- 1119907 TI - [The behaviour of unsaturated ketoximes in the conditions of the Beckmann rearrangement (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119908 TI - [A polymer of cyclohexa-1,3-diene and dichloroacetic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1119909 TI - [5-Nitrochromono (3',2'-3,4)cinnoline]. PMID- 1119910 TI - [Oxidative determination of dipyridamole using amperometry and potentiometry]. PMID- 1119911 TI - [Syntheses of imidazoles with liquid ammonia. 6. Preparation of N-substituted imidazoles]. PMID- 1119912 TI - [Structure-activity relationship in histamine analogs. 10. 3-(2 aminoethyl)isoxazole, a ring analog of histamine]. PMID- 1119913 TI - [Azoxyflavones]. PMID- 1119914 TI - An alternative frame of reference for rehabilitation: the helping process versus the medical model. AB - In rehabilitation the frame of reference of the helping professions is significantly different from the standard medical model in the following areas: the dynamics of the relationship, basis for client's trust of the professional, activity versus passivity of both the client and the professional, and the approach to identification and solution of client problems. "The helping process" as practiced in the helping professions is not doing the task, but assisting the client to do it himself, for himself. In this process the needs, values and feelings of both the helper and the helpee must be recognized and dealt with. For the helping process to be successful, three basic conditions are required: development of mutual trust, joint exploration of the problem(s) and listening by both sides. Also involved in attaining success in the helping process is an awareness of not only the barriers in receiving help but also the difficulties in giving help. PMID- 1119915 TI - Effectiveness of aides in a perceptual motor training program for children with learning disabilities. AB - A program for children with learning disabilities associated with perceptual deficits was designed that included elements of gross and fine motor coordination, visual and somatosensory perceptual training, dance, art, music and language. The effectiveness of nonprofessional "perceptual-aides," who were trained in this program, was evaluated. Twenty-eight children with learning disabilities associated with perceptual deficits were treated by occupational, physical, recreational and language therapists; and 27 similarly involved children were treated by two aides, under supervision, after training by therapists. Treatment in both groups was for four hours weekly over a four to seven month period. There was significant improvement in motor skills, visual and somatosensory perception, language and educational skills in the two programs. Although there was no significant difference between the two groups, there was a slight advantage to the aide program. The cost of the aide program was 10 percent higher than the therapist program during the first year, but 22 percent lower than the therapist program during the second year. PMID- 1119916 TI - Time care profile: an evaluation of a new method of assessing ADL dependence. AB - Valid and reliable measures of dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) remain a critical area in rehabilitation medicine for determining the patient's progress and assessing program effectiveness. This paper describes a new approach to ADL evaluation which utilizes a diary method to record the amount of time the patient receives assistance during the course of a normal day as an index of dependency. Results from a validity study using this approach on hospitalized patients in which staff members made on-the-spot time recordings of assistance provided suggest the following conclusions: (1) a diary-type record of information indicating the length of time (time measurements) an activity lasted is relatively inaccurate; and (2) the same kind of diary approach provides a highly accurate record of the number of times (frequency measurements) an activity occurred and the distribution of assistance throughout the day. In five of six activities studied, frequency measurements recorded by staff members agreed with those of an independent observer 84 percent or more of the time. Frequency measurements in a diary format appear to represent a feasible and useful method for quantifying and evaluating patient performance in nontest situations. PMID- 1119917 TI - Excitation overflow: an electromyographic investigation. AB - The amount of excitation overflow into a nonactive upper limb can be predicted when the active limb is isometrically contracted during a standardized exercise. Bilateral electromyographic recordings from the biceps brachii and brachialis demonstrated that the amount of excitation overflow in the nonactive limb is between 10 percent and 20 percent of the maximal intensity of activity measured in the exercised limb. This amount appears to be independent of the position of the active limb (supination, neutral, or pronation) and the amount of force used during the isometric contraction exercise. Excitation overflow, using the exercise described, should be considered as a reliable rehabilitation technique for maintaining a degree of muscle tone and tissue turgor in a limb that is temporarily immobilized. PMID- 1119918 TI - Verlo orthosis: experience with different developmental levels in normal children. AB - Fifty-three normal children ranging in age from 11 to 36 months were trained to ambulate 3 meters in the Verlo brace using a walkerette. The children were divided into five age groups: 11 to 15 months, 17 to 21 months, 22 to 27 months, 29 to 34 months, and 35 to 36 months. The age groups were compared with respect to the percentage in each group that completed the training protocol and the average number of minutes required by those subjects to do so. Results ranged from a low 36 percent completion with an average training time of 366 minutes in the youngest age group to a high of 100 percent completion with an average training time of 70 minutes in the oldest age group. There was an increasing tendency in the three older groups to resist getting into the brace. PMID- 1119919 TI - Rehabilitation care course for paraprofessional personnel. AB - A survey of training activities was conducted at Mass Rehabilitation Hospital by Research and Training Center No. 8 (RT-8), Temple University, Philadelphia. The findings revealed that primary teaching consideration was being given to trainees from affiliated institutions and professional employees rather than allied health professional personnel (occupational and physical therapy aides, nursing assistants and hospital corpsmen). This personnel group is the largest group of employees who spend the most time with patients, but have the least amount of formal education or training. A second survey of this group revealed they were interested in a continuing education course designed for them. As a result of the surveys, a course entitled, "Aspects of Rehabilitation Care," was designed for paraprofessional employees. The nine-month course was designed so that the material and language was kept at an appropriate level, with supplemental material and audiotapes of the course available for review. The lectures were evaluated each week by the students and this data was analyzed by RT-8. Results indicated that attendance was good, averaging 54 (73%) persons per week, and the course was a success as a learning experience. This paper presents the need, organization, content and evaluation of a rehabilitation care course designed for paraprofessional personnel. PMID- 1119920 TI - Fabrication of a polysar, temporary prosthesis in a hospital setting. AB - The Physical Therapy Department at Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation has been fabricating temporary prostheses since 1967. Initially, these below-knee limbs were constructed with a plaster socket attached to a modular type prosthesis. Early in 1970, we began to use polysar, a thermoplastic compound. It is nonirritating to the skin, light, durable, easily moldable, relatively inexpensive, retains suspension mechanisms adequately, and allows the production of a cosmetically acceptable training limb. Because we had difficulty with the direct forming method as described by Staros and Gardner, the indirect method was adopted. PMID- 1119921 TI - Therapeutic groups for patients with spinal cord injuries. AB - A preliminary study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of therapeutic patient groups in a rehabilitation setting. A spinal cord knowledge "Inventory" test was designed to evaluate the success of the group method in disseminating information to patients. The first part of this test assesses the patient's knowledge about body physiology and functioning, health care, and community resources. The second part attempts to evaluate the patient's feelings regarding his body image, sexual attractiveness, and family relationships. The test was administered to 31 spinal cord injured patients upon admission and again just prior to discharge. Eighteen patients participated in a therapeutic patient group, which met twice a week for a month. The other group did not participate in such sessions. The purpose of the meetings was to help the patient adjust to his disability by exchanging commonly needed information and discussing experiences and feelings. Initial results suggest that therapeutic groups can provide an effective means for imparting information to patients. The test also indicates that many patients experience changes in their attitudes and feelings around such sensitive areas as personal worth and self-esteem. PMID- 1119922 TI - Frequency of training as a determinant for improvement in cardiovascular function and body composition of middle-aged men. AB - Frequency, duration and intensity of training have been shown to be important determinants for improving various physiological functions. This report represents a series of six training investigations conducted by the investigators over the past seven years. Within the six investigations ten separate groups were studied. These data were combined and tabulated to look at frequency of training as a determinant for improving cardiovascular function and body composition of middle-aged men. The subjects included 148 healthy, sedentary, volunteer men ranging from 28 to 64 years of age (x equal to 41). The experiments were carefully controlled and included running 30 to 45 minutes for two (four groups), three (three groups) or four (three groups) days each week for 20 weeks. The results show that all frequencies had a significant effect on cardiovascular function, but only three and four days/week regimens showed reduction in total body weight and fat. Changes in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) were similar for two and three days/week programs, and significantly greater for four days. The data support the notion of frequency of training being an important criterion for improving cardiovascular function and body composition. PMID- 1119923 TI - Temperature distribution produced in models by three microwave applicators at 433.92 megahertz. AB - Temperature distributions produced in phantom models by diathermy applicators operating at a frequency of 433.92 MHz, a frequency not approved for diathermy by Federal Communication Commission regulations, and an experimental cooled contact applicator operating at an assigned frequency of 915 MHz were compared. The specially designed direct contact applicator with surface cooling elevated deep muscle temperatures as effectively as the "Rundfeldstrahler" operating at the lower frequency in spite of the better penetration of the energy at the lower frequency. The "Pyrodor" and the "Langfeldstrahler," the largest of the applicators operating at 433.92 MHz, do not appear to offer any advantage over existing diathermy equipment. The highest temperatures produced with these applicators were at the fat-muscle-interface. PMID- 1119924 TI - Optimal isokinetic loads and velocities producing muscular power in human subjects. AB - The torque values of the quadriceps muscles of 16 college football players were tested by means of an isokinetic dynamometer in order to determine the optimal loads and velocities producing muscular power. The men were tested at velocities ranging from 5 to 25 rpm and throughout a range of knee extension between the positions of 85 degrees to 50 degrees of knee flexion. Isometric measures were also recorded at corresponding angles. The muscular torque values recorded isokinetically at the various velocities were then compared to the isometric forces at the corresponding angles of knee extension to ascertain the arithemtic proportion of isokinetic to isometric torque which produced maximum muscular power. The results indicated that the proportionate values of isokinetic to isometric torque and isokinetic velocities which produced maximum power were not directly comparable to similar loads and velocities found in vitro. The weight of the leg may have contributed to submaximal isometric recordings, thus resulting in higher proportionate values of isokinetic to isometric force. Changes in these values as the knee was extended were deemed to be a result of variance in the isometric torque since the isokinetic torque stayed relatively constant throughout the range of movement. The data suggested that a plateau of isokinetic torque may have been reached in the production of maximum power. Maximum isokinetic torque values tended to shift to more extended joint positions as the speed of knee extension increased. This shift may have been due to the momentum of the leg during the faster isokinetic speeds overcoming some of the inertia of the weight of the leg as it was extended. PMID- 1119925 TI - American Indian sign: a gestural communication system for the speechless. AB - American Indian sign, used as a gestural communication system for the speechless, served the daily life needs of patients with a variety of deficits, many with unfavorable prognosis for oral speech rehabilitation. The project included total glassectomees, laryngectomees, dysphonics, dysarthrics and apraxics. Many of the last named were hemiplegics. The sign was effectively interpreted by hospital personnel, patients and visitors, none of whom had received any instruction in interpreting the sign. This system may be a desirable new tool from an old culture for the professional repertoire of the speech clinician. An illustrated manual and instructional videotapes are in preparation. PMID- 1119926 TI - Pressure sores: an operant conditioning approach to prevention. AB - A training system for the prevention of pressure sores has been designed to teach the paralytic person to relieve pressure intermittently from his ischium while sitting in a wheelchair. The system automates the training of wheelchair pushups, and conditions the person into exercising, based upon modified avoidance learning procedures. Results indicate that the paralytic person can be trained to pushup intermittently and efficiently using this system, thus reducing the incidence of pressure sore formation. Further long-term study is needed to assess the effectiveness of the training system as a preventative program for pressure sores. PMID- 1119927 TI - The reality of restorative care in Harlem's municipal hospital: the patient as a therapeutic agent. AB - Motor-oriented rehabilitation programs are of limited value in attaining the goals of the physically impaired poor in the cities. The location and the physical and social structure of the ghetto municipal hospital and the population served necessitate modification of rehabilitation methods. Patients must participate in decision-making. Staff must assist the patient in attempts to change the environment. In the process of working closely with patients towards non-motor goals, professionals learn to play the role of the advocate. PMID- 1119928 TI - The child amputee: summary of a forum. PMID- 1119929 TI - Laryngectomy, aphasia, and oral verbal apraxia: report of three cases. PMID- 1119930 TI - Below-knee weight-bearing brace for the arthritic foot. PMID- 1119931 TI - Hydraulic swing and stance phase control for above-knee amputees. PMID- 1119932 TI - Ileostomy bag anti-twist device. PMID- 1119933 TI - Mate swapping: Perceptions, value orientations, and participation in a midwestern community. AB - This article attempts to illuminate the understanding of swinging, or mate swapping, an increasingly common form of extramarital sexual activity. A theoretical formulation argues that swinging is a form of extramarital sexual activity which serves to define as good and acceptable a behavior that in other forms and in the past has been considered deviant or immoral. A stratified area probability sample of 579 married adults was drawn from a Midwestern community of 40,000. Areas investigated included community knowledge and perception of swinging, values of respondents with regard to participation in and acceptance of swinging, and the incidence of swinging in the community. Most respondents dispproved of mate swapping as well as other forms of extramarital sex. Over half of the respondents knew about mate swapping, although less than 7% of the sample would consider participating. Swinging was found to exist in the community, but less than 2% of the respondents had ever participted. The data analysis is descriptive and exploratory, focusing on social correlates and characterisitics. PMID- 1119934 TI - Volunteer bias and personality traits in sexual standards research. AB - The effects of personality traits and volunteer bias in sexual standards research were studied. Two hundred and fifty-four subjects completed Jackson's Personality Research Form (PRF) and were subsequently sent either a sex or a control questionnaire. Return rates for the two groups were comparable. Also, the analyses of the PRF scores failed to show sex volunteers as having unique personality characteristics. These results are interpreted as grounds for rejecting the widely held stereotype that volunteers for sexual standards surveys are inevitably an atypical, deviant group. The possible limiting effects of age and method of soliciting information are discussed. PMID- 1119935 TI - Male to female: the role transformation of transsexuals. AB - Twelve male transsexuals were found to have acquired a successtion of gender roles from childhood to adulthood-ambivalent, homosexual, drag queen, and transsexual. Thse roles constituted different stages of their livers during which they were clarifying their psychosocial gender role as transsexuals. Their transition through these roles suggests that these individuals are a subset of the transsexual phenomenon, for many--probably most--other transsexuals do not adopt these roles prior to becoming adult transsexuals. The social interaction of these transsexuals with significant others differed from the ways in which sociological role theories view this process: the significant others in their lives (apart from their mothers) primarily influenced their role changes by withdrawing from and/or rejecting these individuals--not by inducing them to conform to their role expectations. As permanently cross-dressed transsexuals, these individuals continued to associate with the institutions of the gay world, which alone was tolerant of them and where they could draw on the emotional support of other transsexuals in this last presurgery role. At this point they had become their own reference group. PMID- 1119936 TI - Families of seven male-to-female transexuals after 5-7 years: Sociological sexology. AB - Four black and three whilte families have a male-to-female transexual member surgically reassigned more than 5 years ag. The black families were more open than the white in declaring the reassignment within the family and community. Thereby they relieved themselves and the transexual member of a need for deception, defiance, or defensiveness, and they were less scheming and manipulative. Without the anxiety of concealment, they could feel more positive about sex reassignment as a form of rehabilitation. A formal public declaration of sex reassignment, analogous to a declared change of citizenship, would be advantageous in transexual rehabilitation. PMID- 1119937 TI - Heterosexual copulatory patterns in stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) and in other macaque species. AB - A comparison of the mating behavior patterns of several macaque species reveals that the mating behavior of Macaca arctoides exhibits several unique features. The laboratory groups of stumptail monkeys observed had exceptionally long single mount copulations characterized by a large number of pelvic thrusts, a slow thrusting rate, and an unusually salient male orgasmic pattern (characterized by body rigidity followed by body spasms and a typical facial expression and vocalization). The frequency with which the copulation culminates in ejaculation is unusually high, and copulating stumptails generally manifest "tieing" in a genital lock after ejaculation. PMID- 1119938 TI - Spasm and operative cholangiography. AB - Operative cholangiography is a commonly employed adjunct to biliary operation and is useful in identifying unsuspected common duct calculi. Spasm of the sphincter of Oddi from administration of anesthetic agents like fentanyl citrate (Sublimaze) and morphine sulfate and from operative manipulation may lead to misinterpretation of the cholangiograms and unnecessary surgical procedures that increase morbidity and mortality. Six case reports illustrate these hazards, and the influence of medications that exacerbate spasm of the sphincter of Oddi is emphasized. Recognition of the factors that cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi will prevent unnecessary common duct explorations and reduce morbidity and mortality in biliary tract operations. PMID- 1119939 TI - An attenuated variant of Eastern encephalitis virus: biological properties and protection induced in mice. AB - Wild type Eastern equine encephalitis virus (E) was compared with a mutant (Em) derived from it. The latter was tested as an attenuated vaccine in mice. They differed in the following properties: Em formed smaller plaques on chick embryo (CE) cell monolayers and, unlike E, did not plaque on mouse embryo (ME) monolayers. Futher, Em had a longer latent period and attained a lower peak titer than E after infection of CE cells, was more senssitive than E to chick interferon, and was less virulent for mice (SC and IP routes) and hamsters (IP route) than E. Both viruses were similar in several other properties tested. The mutant was found to induce a gradient in the specificity of protection in mice against challenge by selected viruses after a single subcutaneous injection of living virus. The protection was best against autologous (Em) challenge, was next best against challenge by the virulent parent (E) virus, but was not demonstrable against cross challenge by Venezuelan encephalitis (V) virus. Conventional hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI), complement-fixing (F), and neutralizing (N) antibodies could not be detected in Em-immunized mice even when fresh monkey or guinea pig serum was included in Ntests to provide complement and/or accessory factor(s). However, N antibodies were detected in protected mice by an indirect antiglobulin test. Passive protection by serum or ascites fluids (a.f.) was characterized by a lower but otherwise similar protection gradient like that found after active immunization with virus as described above. Interferon was not detected in the a.f. used for passive protection, nor was heterologous interference evident in Em immunized mice challenged 18 days later with vaccinia or vesicular stomatitis virus. Immunized mice that survived autologous (Em) challenge showed broadened protection against a second challenge by parent E virus, and cross protection against V virus. This typical protection was associated with the presence of HI and conventional N antibodies, except for V which showed no detectable neutralizing antibodies by either a standard or antiglobulin technique. PMID- 1119940 TI - Humoral and secretory antibody responses to immunization with low and high dosage split influenza virus vaccine. AB - Tri (n-butyl) phosphate (TNBP)-split vaccine containing 6400 CCA units of influenza virus A/Aichi/68 (H3N2) was given intramuscularly to a group of volunteers. The changes in serum haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) and nasal wash neutralizing antibody were measured, and the results compared with that of volunteers given a TNBP-split vaccine containing 400 CCA of the same virus. More volunteers given the high-dose vaccine developed a fourfold rise in serum HI antibody, and there was a greater increase in geometric mean titre in this group. In addition, more volunteers given the high-dose vaccine developed detectable nasal wash neutralizing and anti-neuraminidase antibodies. Following low-dose vaccine, the production of nasal wash antibody was not related to the serum antibody response. For both groups given vaccine, antibody was detected most frequently in nasal washings with relatively high levels of protein and IgA; the concentration of IgA was also directly related to the protein concentration. PMID- 1119941 TI - Replication of a strain of feline calicivirus in organ culture. AB - The zwitterionic buffer HEPES was used successfully to maintain organ cultures of kitten tongue and trachea for 10--15 days in vitro. A strain of feline calicivirus grew to high titres in both tongue and tracheal explants but it was not possible to ascribe specific histological changes to virus infection in either tongue or tracheal organ cultures. Cells in tongue explants retained specific virus receptors for at least six days in vitro and virus grew to high levels in the cultures infected six days postinitiation of explants. These results suggest that at least some strains of feline caliciviruses have tropism for lingual epithelium as well as respiratory tract tissues. PMID- 1119942 TI - The role of hemagglutinin in the inhibition of neuraminidase activity of influenza virus by concanavalin A. Brief Report. PMID- 1119943 TI - Study of the antigenic and immunogenic properties of neurovaccinia virus TS mutants. AB - The antigenic and immunogenic properties of five ts mutants of neurovaccinia virus with markedly reduced pathogenicity for laboratory animals as compared with "wild" type virus were studied. The antigenic and immunogenic activities of the mutants correlated with their capacity to reproduce in the skin of the inoculated animals. When similar doses of UV-inactivated mutants were used for immunization of rabbits, significant differences (more than 100-fold) in their antigenic activity were found. When rabbits were immunized with active virus, neutralizing antibody in titer of 1:800 protected all the immunized animals against intracerebral challenge with log 4.0 LD50 of neurovaccinia virus. On the other hand, the neutralizing antibody formed in response to inoculation of UV inactivated virus did not protect the immunized animals in titers exceeding 1:2560. A correlation between the antibody titer for "extracellular" virus and immunity in vaccinated rabbits has been demonstrated. PMID- 1119944 TI - Isolation, characterization, and pathogenicity studies of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus. AB - The isolation and characterization of a bovine respiratory syncytial (RS) virus is described. Serological studies indicate that bovine RS virus is widespread in Iowa cattle and that it is involved in some outbreaks of respiratory disease. Experimental infection in calves indicates that the virus can cause illness in calves, particularly those with serum neutralizing antibody. PMID- 1119945 TI - The ribonucleic acid of infectious bronchitis virus. AB - Analysis of the nucleic acid of infectious bronchitis virus by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an RNA of molecular weight 9.0 times 10-6 Daltons. The RNA was shown to have a sedimentation coefficient of 50. PMID- 1119946 TI - Clinical applications of echocardiography. PMID- 1119947 TI - Echocardiography in the diagnosis of pericardial disorders. PMID- 1119948 TI - Hemarthrosis as the presenting manifestation of myeloproliferative disease. PMID- 1119949 TI - Symposium on breast carcinoma. PMID- 1119950 TI - Radiographic diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 1119951 TI - Current surgical management of operable breast cancer. PMID- 1119952 TI - On the non-cardiac toxicity of digitalis. PMID- 1119953 TI - Hyperlipidemia: to treat or not to treat. PMID- 1119954 TI - Public law 93-641, National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974. PMID- 1119955 TI - Preparation for clinical medicine at the University of Arizona college of Medicine. PMID- 1119956 TI - Endocrine assays in obstetrics and gynecology. Part I. PMID- 1119957 TI - Therapeutics: recent suggestions for the treatment of hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1119958 TI - Two cases of acute pandysautonomia. AB - Two men had acute nonprogressive pandysautonomia. Both of them showed orthostatic hypotension, fainting in upright position, pupillary disturbances, diminished sweating, anacidity, and impotence. Case 1 showed considerable but inadequate improvement within 31 months. Case 2 recovered completely after 11 months. Clinical and pharmacodynamic investigations suggested that the main lesion was located in postganglionic fibers in case 1 and in preganglionic fibers in case 2. The cause of this disorder is unknown, although both patients had undergone substantial weight loss. PMID- 1119959 TI - Glue-sniffing neuropathy. AB - Although industrial exposure to n-hexane is known to cause neuropathy, it is less well recognized that inhalation of n-hexane present in the vapors of some commercial contact cements is also neurotoxic to peripheral nerves. A young man with a long history of addictive glue-sniffing developed severe distal symmetrical polyneuropathy several months after switching to a cement containing n-hexane and gradually improved several months after switching to another cement containing no n-hexane. Fascicular biopsy of radial cutaneous nerve showed striking segmental distention of axons by neurofilamentous masses with secondary thinning of myelin sheath, paranodal myelin retraction, and widening velocities were correspondingly slow. We conclude that n-hexane used as a solvent in some contact cements may be neurotoxic when inhaled to excess and, further, that the neuropathy has characteristic electrophysiological and pathological features. PMID- 1119960 TI - Myotonia. An evaluation of the chloride hypothesis. AB - The muscle membrane in myotonia congenita is characterized by a normal resting potential with a greatly increased resting resistance usually attributed to a decrease in membrane chloride permeability (PC1). In this report, the hypothesis that decreased PC1 alone can account for the repetitive action potentials of myotonia is tested with a mathematical model of the muscle membrane and is shown to be valid. Reduction of Pc1 to 20% of control values will produce myotonic activity in response to a single stimulus. Membrane resistance and potential approximate those found experimentally. The model predicts that increasing external K+ will aggravate myotonia due to a reduction of PC15 while decreasing Kout will prevent repetitive spiking. Further, myotonia can be prevented by reducing peak membrane sodium permeability or by shifting the voltage dependency of the membrane rate constants for sodium in a depolarizing direction. These results are shown to correlate well with clinical observtonia. PMID- 1119961 TI - Ocular skew deviation. Analysis of 100 cases. AB - In 100 patients with ocular skew deviation, the lesion was usually on the side of the lower eye, particularly when patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia were excluded, but exceptions were sufficiently frequent to diminish the clinical lateralizing value of skew. Pontine damage was most commonly encountered, but midbrain-pretectal and medullary lesions were frequent. The onset of skew frequently coincided with acute brain stem damage, and while a wide variety of diseases produced skew deviation, stem strokes were present in more than two thirds of the patients. The hypothesis that skew results from damage to tonic otolith-ocular pathways is generally compatible with both the known anatomy of otolith pathways and the clinical presentation of skew. Otolith function testing in patients with skew, further anatomical definition of otolith-ocular pathways, and clinicopathological study of discrete lesions associated with skew should help resolve the causative role of the otolith organs in skew deviation. PMID- 1119962 TI - Convergence-evoked nystagmus. Congenital and acquired forms. AB - Pendular nystagmus occurring during binocualr fixation and pursuit of near objects is true convergence-evoked nystagmus. Two forms of this nystagmus are described, one congenital and the other acquired in the course of multiple sclerosis. The congenital form was conjugate and the acquired form disjunctive. Neuropathological examination provided no morphological explanation for the congenital pattern. These two unique forms of nystagmus are induced by one of the visuomotor subsystems controlling convergence. PMID- 1119963 TI - Letter: Electroscope-electron microscope. PMID- 1119964 TI - Letter: Third nerve palsy. PMID- 1119965 TI - Aphakic retinal detachment. Management of the fellow eye. AB - One hundred eighty-five patients with unilateral aphakic retinal detachment were studied to determine the frequency of retinal detachment in the fellow eyes undergoing cataract surgery. It was found to be four times higher than the frequency in those eyes that remained phakic (26% vs 7%). Despite the high incidence of detachment, 94% of the aphakic group had a final visual acuity of 20/60 or better in the second eye. At the time of surgery, the macula was still attached in only 17% of the 185 first eyes as compared to 57% of the 21 second eyes that developed an aphakic retinal detachment. PMID- 1119966 TI - Occipital lobe arteriovenous malformations. Clinical and radiologic features in 26 cases with comments on differentiation from migraine. AB - The differentiation of migraine headache, preceded by visual aura, from cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is often regarded as difficult. A study of 26 patients with occipital lobe AVM revealed two distinct syndromes in 18 patients- occipital epilepsy and occipital apoplexy. Occipital epilepsy is characterized either by elementary visual phenomena, such as brief flashes of light, or by dimming of a homonymous field. Occipital apoplexy results from hemorrhage and hematoma formation within the occipital lobe and is characterized by sudden headache and homonymous visual field loss. We conclude that patients harboring occipital AVMs may, indeed, have visual phenomena and headache that should not be confused with migraine because either a history of generalized seizure or bruits on examination will probably be present. PMID- 1119967 TI - Microwave lens effects in humans. II. Results of five-year survey. AB - Individuals selected on the basis of likelihood of occupational exposure to microwaves were subjected to a biomicroscopic examination of the lens. Control personnel were also examined along with them, the examiners having no knowledge of the exposure history of any examinee prior to or during the examination. Objective evidence of lens abnormality (opacities, vacuoles, or posterior subcapsular iridescence) was recorded and a comparison made between the two groups on the basis of that evidence. The comparison showed the two groups to be essentially the same and did not support the hypothesis that human lens damage is occurring in the military environment in this country. Instead, it tended to support the assumption that the existing safety level of 10 MW/sq cm is adequate. PMID- 1119968 TI - Combined technique for a 355 degree traumatic giant retinal break. A case report. PMID- 1119969 TI - Ultrastructure of human organ-cultured cornea. II. Stroma and epithelium. AB - The stroma and epithelium of human corneas that had been stored in organ culture medium for 10 to 22 days at 37 C were examined by light and electron microscopy. Total corneal thickness was found to be doubled at ten days and there was no further increase even at 22 days. The posterior portion of the stroma was more hydrated than the anterior region. Stromal cells were reduced in number and normal-appearing cells were present only in superficial stroma. The epithelial basement membrane was irregular and thickened. Although the epithelium was reduced to three or four cells in thickness and the intercellular spaces were dilated, the epithelial cells contained normal subcellular organelles and appeared to be viable. PMID- 1119970 TI - Fungal invasion of a soft (Griffin Bionite) contact lens. PMID- 1119971 TI - Is the lacrimal gland dispensable? Keratoconjunctivitis sicca after lacrimal gland removal. AB - A persistent, unilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed immediately after palpebral dacryoadenectomy in a healthy 43-year-old woman with normal eyes and tear function before the operation. The unoperated on fellow eye remained normal during a ten-year period. Eight similar cases are collected from the literature. On the basis of the presented cases, we believe that the main lacrimal gland is an indispensable element of the tear system, and the accessory lacrimal glands are unable normally to prevent tear insufficiency. PMID- 1119972 TI - Letter: Ocular penetration in rabbits of topically applied dexamethasone. PMID- 1119973 TI - Letter: Complication of the use of Ocuserts. PMID- 1119974 TI - Lens fringe in homocystinuria. PMID- 1119975 TI - Relationship between morphologic features and hardness of the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle in the normal state and in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis the hardness of the subchondral bone of the medial tibial plateau is lower than in normals. In order to further analyse this study of the morphologic characteristics in bone from the mentioned region was carried out in 22 normals, 14 osteoarthritis and 12 rheumatoid arthritis. Specimens from these groups were subjected to a radiologic assay, a light microscopic investigation and an evaluation of the occurrence of intraosseous lipids. The normals showed a remarkable integrity of the subchondral trabecular network with advancing age only with slight osteoporosis and occasional sclerosis. In osteoarthritis there were osteoporosis, osteolysis, sclerosis and osteophytes all in good correlation to the grade of osteoarthritis present. In rheumatoid arthritis there were areas of rarefaction, fractures of the trabeculae, sclerosis and invasion of granulation tissue. The radiologic appearance corresponded well with the morphologic observation. No abnormal presence of lipids was encountered. This investigation supports the concept that the hardness of the subchondral bone of the medial tibial plateau much depends on the morphologic structure of the bone. PMID- 1119977 TI - [Volume changes of bone cements]. AB - The volume changes of hardening cements are measured with the buoyancy method. During hardening the polymerisation shrinkage runs through distinguished phases, totaling from setting in the bone to the final state 2 to 4 volume percents. Expansion and contraction because of temperature changes superimpose the measurements by a rate of 0, 21%/10 degrees C. - Factors influencing the volume changes are discussed. PMID- 1119976 TI - [Whiplash injuries of the cervical spine. A catamnestic study]. AB - Whiplash injuries of the cervical spine are due to the rapid sequence of movements in opposite direction. They are mainly following rear-end collisions where the trunk is pushed rapidly forward. Very important forces act therefore on the different segments of the cervical spine and lead to lesions of the perispinal soft tissues, of the ligaments, of the disks and the bony structures. In 24 tables, the signs and symptoms in 104 personal cases observed for a period which lasted more than 4 years are described. Amongst the clinical signs there are cervical strain, cervico brachial pain, headaches, radicular signs as well as symptoms of concussion and cercial medullar lesion. Radiological findings are discrete; functional X-rays sometimes show local diminution of motility in a single segment. The treatments, amongst these immobilisation and local heat, are discussed. The unusually long duration of local disturbance is stressed. Signs of neurasthenia are part of the typical findings and do not at all mean a secondary neurotic development. PMID- 1119978 TI - [Microstructural examinations of the behavior of human cortical bone after compression osteosynthesis]. AB - 20 samples of human cortical bone removed from the subtrochanteric region after introchanteric femoral osteotomies with subsequent fixation by a blade plate were examined for studies of the phenomenon of cancellous transformation. Previous experiments with animals can be confirmed. A dilatation of Haver's canals in the direction from endosteum peripherally becomes apparent. This quantitative loss of cortical density is associated with a loss of mineral density. Under polarisation and scanning microscopy a derangement of collagen fibrils usually arranged in an oriented fashion can be shown. The loss of mechanical properties is discussed in connection with the derangement of orientation of collagen fibrils. PMID- 1119979 TI - [Internal compression arthrodesis of the ankle joint (with examination of stability for comparison]. AB - A new technique of arthrodesis of the ankle joint by internal fixation with self compression blade-plates is presented. The both possible techniques of inserting the plate lateraly or medialy are described. We prefer the lateral approach. After resection of the ankle joint we also resect the tibiofibular syndesmosis putting than in a transfixion screw. We than compare under biomechanical aspects the new techniques with Charnley's external fixation with compression clamps. The osteosynthesis with blade-plates gives a higher stability in which external splintage with plaster becomes unnecessary. Following our experiences consolidation occurs after 8 tp 12 weeks. PMID- 1119980 TI - [The cartilage-damage after fracture of the patella]. AB - At least 16 cases of posttraumatic chondromalacia of the patella out of a total of 79 patients operated between 1968 and 1971 were diagnosed on the basis of a questionnaire and follow-up examination. The clinical findings and delineation of this complaint from femoro-patellar osteoarthritis are discussed. The diagnosis was confirmed by arthroscopy in 2 patients. The significance of cartilagenous damage due to direct contusion is pointed out. The mechanisms which result in a degradation of the cartilagenous layer in the weeks following the accident are mentioned. The therapeutic consequences for the treatment of fractures of the patella are as follows: One must aim at exact bony reduction. Macroscopically damaged parts of the cartilage should be removed. Indication to partial patellectomy should be on a broad basis. A long term treatment with salicylic acid or Chloroquin-both of which are said to prevent enzymatic degradation of cartilage-should be considered. PMID- 1119981 TI - [The surgical treatment of distal humeral fractures]. AB - The treatment of this kind of fractures, especially involving the elbow-joint still is difficult and needs a thoroughly preoperative planning as well as an exact operative technique. Even in spite of optimal therapy failures are not avoidable in some cases, as our statistic shows. PMID- 1119982 TI - Surgical treatment of orbital floor fractures. AB - Ninety patients with orbital floor fractures were treated by the Otolaryngology Service of the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. Of these 90 patients, 58 were classified as coexisting and 32 as isolated. All fractures with clinical symptoms and demonstrable x-ray evidence should be explored. Despite negative findings by routine techniques, laminography may confirm fractures in all clinically suspicious cases. In this series, 100% of the patients explored had definitive fractures. A direct infraorbital approach adequately exposes the floor of the orbit. An effective and cosmetic subtarsal incision was utilized. Implants were employed when the floor could not be anatomically reapproximated or the periorbita was destroyed. PMID- 1119983 TI - Temporal bone resection. Review of 100 cases. AB - One hundred cases of temporal bone resection for cancer of the ear were reviewed retrospectively, allowing for a survival five-year follow-up period in all cases. Operative technique previously described varied from case to case but essentially involved subtotal resection of the mastoid, petrous pyramid and squamosa of the temporal bone, temporomandibular joint, base of zygoma, and attached adjacent soft tissues. The procedure sacrifices the facial nerve and hearing in the involved ear. Preoperative radiation or a sandwich technique of preoperative and postoperative radiation was used. Many complications were encountered, but with hypotensive agents, high-speed air drills, and adequate coverage of the defect, the death rate was reduced from 10% in 1954 to 5% in recent years. The overall five-year cure rate was 27%, with a 25% cure rate for squamous carcinoma. PMID- 1119984 TI - Pain control in recurrent head and neck cancer. Retrolabyrinthine section of the fifth and ninth cranial nerves. AB - The present-day otolaryngologist who is amply trained in the area of head and neck cancer surgery has the additional otologic surgical skills that can be applied to the control of head and neck cancer pain, utilizing the retrolabyrinthine route to the preganglionic pain fibers. Patients who can benefit from this surgical procedure have pain in the distribution of the fifth, seventh, ninth, and tenth cranial nerves that requires administration of narcotics for control. The complications of meningitis, bleeding, facial paralysis, and hearing loss are possible and must be appropriately treated, if present. PMID- 1119985 TI - The short arm deletion syndrome of chromosome 4 (4p- syndrome). AB - Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p-) represents another (rare) cause of cleft lip and cleft palate. Further characteristic manifestations of the syndrome (also called Wolf or Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome) are growth failure, microcephaly, prominent glabella, hypertelorism, beaked nose, poorly differentiated and low set ears, cardiac and renal malformation and hypospadias. Life expectancy is often shortened. The 4p- syndrome has many features in common with another deletion syndrome, the cri-du-chat syndrome, and also with the Smith Lemli-Opitz syndrome. The latter is a hereditary condition with normal karyotype. The cri-du-chat syndrome is characterized by a peculiar high-pitched, mewing cry and can be differentiated from the Wolf syndrome by the different staining characteristics (banding) of chromosomes 4 and 5. PMID- 1119986 TI - Medial orbital wall fracture with rectus entrapment. AB - Two cases of medial orbital fracture with medial rectus muscle entrapment are reported, one a bona fide blowout fracture. Review of the literature reveals six previous cases. Clinically, patients complain of diplopia with lateral gaze and forced duction tests confirm medial rectus entrapment. Radiographic confirmation is best obtained with hypocycloidal tomography. Surgical therapy is indicated for diplopia or enophthalmus. PMID- 1119987 TI - Misdiagnosis complicating acupuncture. AB - A 33-year-old man, profoundly deaf since the age of 5 from meningitis, received 25 acupuncture treatments at a center in western Massachusetts. Subsequent hearing evaluation at the Yale New Haven Medical Center again confirmed his profound deafness. He also was found to have cerumen (rock-hard and long standing) in both ear canals. Final removal of the cerumen one week later permitted inspection of a normal eardrum on the right and a debris-filled retraction pocket on the left. The diagnosis of cholesteatoma was confirmed at surgery. Representatives of the medical profession should accept responsibility for adequate examination and diagnosis before starting treatment. PMID- 1119988 TI - Eversion of the laryngeal ventricle. AB - Eversion of the laryngeal ventricle is a rare lesion that presents with cough and/or voice changes. Laryngoscopy reveals a polypoid mass arising from the ventricle. Microscopically a polyp covered with ventricular mucosa and containing normal laryngeal mucous glands is seen. Chronic inflammation is usually present. Treatment in symptomatic cases consists of surgical removal endoscopically or by laryngofissure. The management of one patient is reported with a discussion of the cause, symptoms, and treatment of this condition. PMID- 1119989 TI - Cricoid arch replacement in dogs. Further studies. AB - Published reports by Delahunty et al and Alonso et al described the feasibility of correcting subglottic defects with cricoid arch transplantation. Using normal dogs, satisfactory results, including airway patency and vocal cord function, were reported. This report describes a second series of dogs in which subglottic stenosis was first induced by an open procedure and was subsequently repaired with an allotransplanted cricoid arch. The resulting subglottic defect in the donor dogs was repaired by autogenous hyoid arch transposition. No immunosuppressive measures or stents were used in either group. The animals were followed for periods up to one year prior to histologic study. Satisfactory results were obtained in both groups. PMID- 1119990 TI - Technique for closure of the floor of the mouth in monobloc resection. AB - Closure of the floor of the mouth after resection with or without partial mandibulectomy is often unsatisfactory. The wound may fail to heal per primum and transient orocutaneous fistulas are not uncommon. A technique of closure of the floor of the mouth, based on a series of 68 patients treated by monobloc or "three-dimensional" resection, uses the hyoglossal muscle as a new muscular sling to close the surgical defect. The overlying hypoglossal nerve is mobilized in a neuromuscular transplant that preserves tongue function and speech. Such a procedure facilitates the successful surgical management of stages I and II carcinomas of the floor of the mouth. PMID- 1119991 TI - Diagnosis and management of tuberculous cervical adenitis. AB - In a series of 133 patients with a primary diagnosis of tuberculosis admitted to the Naval Regional Medical Center, San Diego, Calif, during a four-year period from July 1967 to July 1971, 29 (16.7%) had extrapulmonary lymphadenitis. The cervical region was involved in 20 (68.7%) of these cases. This report reviews the history of scrofula and deals with specific diagnostic tests which are helpful in separating tuberculous adenitis from other masses found commonly in the neck. Excisional biopsy and methods of handling these specimens are stressed. The higher incidence of tuberculous lymphadenitis in dark-skinned individuals, especially Orientals, when compared with a similar population group with pulmonary tuberculosis is noted and theories for this stated. PMID- 1119992 TI - Carotid body tumors. AB - The anatomy, physiology, embryology, and pathology of the carotid body are reviewed, stressing the capability of the normal and neoplastic structure to produce pressor amines. Nine new cases of carotid body tumors are reported including a patient with a malignant tumor with a facial nerve paralysis and regional node metastases. The clinical presentation and management emphasize the preoperative catecholamine determinations and angiographic studies. PMID- 1119993 TI - Auditory evoked frequency following responses in man. AB - A sound-evoked sinusoidal response was recorded from the temporal scalp area in six humans. This evoked signal is similar in its characteristics to (and may correspond with) the "frequency-following response" of Worden and Marsh recorded on the scalp in man by Moushegian and colleagues. The site of origin of the response recorded in these subjects is not known, but it is of interest that the aspect of the scalp, and that the influence of arousal state on response amplitude paralleled the described effects of changes in arousal state on the primary auditory cortical evoked response. This technique may allow for the direct measurement of auditory thresholds across the frequency domain. This is possible because measured responses can be obtained at sound levels of the order of 15 to 20 dB across the frequency range from 300 to 2,500 Hz. PMID- 1119994 TI - Spindle cell carcinoma (pseudosarcoma) of the larynx. AB - "Pseudosarcoma", initially considered a benign response of connective tissue to an adjacent squamous carcinoma, is now regarded as a spindle cell variant of epidermoid carcinoma. Nine cases of spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx are presented. Characteristically, the lesion appears as a large, gray, polypoid tumor. In contrast to other reports, a correlation between gross morphology and prognosis could not be made. The prognosis is more closely related to the size and location of the tumor. Biopsy specimens of the tumors in seven of the nine cases showed only the spindle cell pattern. This may be confused with granulation tissue. Spindle cell carcinoma was metastatic to the neck and lungs in three patients. Our average follow-up time was 3.8 years with two of the nine patients dying of recurrent disease. Most of our patients were successfully treated with conservation surgery. PMID- 1119996 TI - Necrotizing sialometaplasia. Pathologic quiz case 1. PMID- 1119995 TI - Management of traumatic tracheoesophageal fistula. AB - Traumatic injury to the trachea most commonly results in separation of the trachea from the cricoid cartillage. In severe cases, this injury is complicated by an esophageal injury that is seriously complicated by a tracheoesophageal fistula. The repair of such a fistula is a prime priority. Surgical repair of the tracheal injury must be associated with esophageal repair and this is best accomplished by the interposition of the sternothyroid muscles between the trachea and the esophagus to strengthen the esophageal repair. The use of a laryngeal drop will also be of value in relieving the tension on the esophageal suture. PMID- 1119997 TI - Sebaceous carcinoma. Pathologic quiz case 2. PMID- 1119998 TI - Treatment of the fractured larynx. Use of a new grafting technique. AB - Laryngeal fractures are best handled early by the meticulous apposition of mucous membrane and reconstitution of the laryngeal skeleton. Postoperative dilatations may deal successfully with any stenosis that occurs. However, the loss of critical supporting structures such as the cricoid ring or large amounts of mucosa may result in stenosis that requires the addition of structural elements from elsewhere in the body. This is a five-year follow-up on such a patient in whom ultimate reconstruction was accomplished by the use of mucous membrane from the maxillary sinus as a lining for the reconstructed larynx while costal cartilage provided additional supportive structural material for the compromised cricoid and thyroid cartilages. PMID- 1119999 TI - Tongue flap reconstruction in cancer of the oral cavity. AB - The mobility, size, and composition of the tongue make it ideal for oral cavity reconstruction following resection for carcinoma. The tongue flap provides a ready means of primary closure without increased morbidity, especially in patients who have had extensive therapeutic or preoperative irradiation treatment. The position of the tongue adjacent to the surgical defect and its excellent blood supply allow its nondelayed utilization. In most cases, use of the tongue flap precludes the necessity for multiple-staged reconstruction with regional pedicle flaps, with an improvement in functional results in terms of immediate healing, swallowing, and articulation over previous methods of reconstruction. PMID- 1120000 TI - Reconstructive procedures for congenital aural atresia. AB - The three surgical methods currently in use to improve hearing for patients with congenital aural atresia are fenestration of the lateral semicircular canal, canal plasty, and type III tympanoplasty. Because the surgery is difficult and the functional rewards are modest, it should ordinarily be reserved for patients with bilateral atresia. Of the 12 ears operated by the technique of type III tympanoplasty, the average gain in hearing was 22 dB, with seven attaining a 30 dB or better air-conduction threshold. When aural rehabilitative and cosmetic surgery are contemplated, coordinated planning by the surgeons is necessary to acquire the best end result. PMID- 1120001 TI - Voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy. Results with the use of a hypopharyngeal prosthesis. AB - The Northwestern voice prosthesis for laryngectomees is described. The prosthesis contains no vibrator but activates vibration of the patient's pharyngeal or upper esophageal tissue by transporting air from the tracheostoma to a fistula in the upper neck, well away from major blood vessels. The prosthesis fits directly onto the laryngectomy tube and allows the patient to breathe, speak, and cough without any manual adjustments. The important advantage of this prosthesis is the fistula location. It can be placed at the time of original surgery and is also workable in patients who have had radiation and extensive radical surgery with total reconstruction of their gullet. The prosthesis can be used by primary total laryngectomees while learning esophageal speech or installed in those who are unable to use the electronic larynx or to learn esophageal speech. Four case studies are presented. PMID- 1120002 TI - Protection against malpractice litigation. AB - Malpractice insurance costs are based on loss experience and defenses of expenses. Physicians in the high-risk category are in that position because, as a group, they have a high frequency of claims, a high average cost, or both. True, "defensive medicine" is the best way to minimize the risks. This does not mean ordering unnecessary tests or refusal of essential treatment. Rather, it is the habit of exercising extra care and foresight to avoid medical hazards and to apply prompt remedial measures when they occur. It means being aware of the patient's personality and needs. It means taking time to talk to the patient about proposed procedures and their risks. This kind of "defensive medicine" offers the best hope for reducing the frequency and cost of claims that result in the present critical malpractice problems. PMID- 1120003 TI - Distribution of labeled chloroquine in the inner ear. AB - Autoradiography of the inner ear was performed at varying intervals following intravenous injection of either chloroquine tagged with carbon 14 (14C), or an iodine 125 (125l)-labeled analogue of chloroquine, in rats. In pigmented rats a strong accumulation and retention was noted in the melanin-bearing tissues. In the inner ear there was a very high concentration in the melanin-containing tissues, eg, the stria vascularis and the planum semilunatum. A strong retention was found in these structures 13 days after injection. Accumulation was not observed in the endolymph nor in the perilymph. No accumulation was found in the inner ear of an albino rat. The ototoxic effects of chloroquine may be caused by an accumulation of the drug in the melanin-containing structures in the inner ear, leading to pathological changes in these tissues and secondary lesions in the receptor cells. PMID- 1120004 TI - Stroboscopic microsurgery of the larynx. AB - An attempt was made to develop a new method of microsurgery of the larynx. A newly designed laryngostroboscope suitable for our purpose was employed in our new method. The vibratory pattern was stroboscopically examined through the operating microscope throughout the operative procedure while the patients who were able to phonate due to neuroleptanalgesia were asked to do so. Thus, the determination of the completion time of the operation was obtained mainly by the observation of stroboscopic vibratory patterns of the vocal cords. Since the beginning of 1972, this stroboscopic microsurgery of the larynx has been satisfactorily employed in more than 200 cases of various kinds of laryngeal lesions. As a result, a remarkable improvement of the postoperative voice was observed by phonatory examinations as well as by audible estimation. PMID- 1120006 TI - Regional plastic surgery. PMID- 1120005 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1. Squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 1120007 TI - Chin reduction in profileplasty. AB - An intraoral method of reduction mentoplasty by subapical horizontal osteotomy of the mandibular symphysis is used in the profileplasty of patients with a protuberant chin who have a normal or functionally satisfactory occlusion. Dental and cephalometric evaluation are necessary to determine if resection of the mandible or orthodontic surgery is necessary for correction of the facial deformity. Because of the tendency toward postoperative osteoneogenesis and fibrosis, overcompensation in the amount of bone removed is important in gaining the maximum aesthetic improvement. PMID- 1120008 TI - Staged surgery in ears with excessive disease of tympanum. AB - Results regarding tympanic healing and hearing improvement are reported in a series of 84 one-stage operations on the middle ear, using thin silicone elastomer sheeting, and of 76 two-stage operations using temporary filling of the middle ear with paraffin wax, and of ten with silicone elastomer sponge. All epithelium was removed from the tympanic cleft at the primary operation. Staging of the operation gave better hearing results and resulted in fewer adhesive middle ears. Middle ear mucosal biopsies from ears with mucus production around the paraffin showed an increased number of glands and secreting epithelial cells, much as in glue ears. Residual or recurrent cholesteatoma appeared in only 2.4%, which is attributed to resection of the posterior canal wall in cases of cholesteatoma, as contrasted with the intact canal wall technique. PMID- 1120009 TI - Stenting in experimental laryngeal injuries. AB - This experimental pilot project studies acute laryngeal injuries in 20 dogs and compares the use of three types of stenting materials with using no stent at all following the production of a "controlled airway deforming injury." Each injury was repaired meticulously using stainless steel wire to immobilize the cartilage separations, and fine catgut to close the mucosal lacerations. Animals were killed after observation for periods of two to six weeks postoperatively. Marked infection, ulceration, and granulation tissue formation were observed in most of the stented animals, with the nonstented animals showing the most complete and uncomplicated healing. In this experimental model, acute laryngeal "fractures" were adequately stabilized by suturing and a stable cartilaginous framework supported the healing intralaryngeal soft tissues. Avoidance of stenting in this animal series appears to decrease infection, ulceration, and granulation tissue formation resulting in improved healing. PMID- 1120010 TI - Animal model acoustic neuroma. AB - As part of an effort to develop a longterm animal model simulating the effects of acoustic neuromas, a series of shortterm electrophysiological experiments were performed in the cat. The eighth nerve, as it exits the internal auditory meatus, was exposed and a silicone baloon catheter secured over the nerve. Pure tones and clicks were introduced ipsilaterally and primary evoked potentials were recorded from the contralateral auditory cortex. Alterations in the evoked potentials were examined as the baloons were inflated and deflated. Several reproducible phenomena were recorded: (1) contact between the silicone balloons and eight nerves resulted in substantial reductions in the evoked potential; (2) there was a further reduction in the evoked potential with inflation of the indwelling balloons; and (3) there was a prolongation of the latency period between auditory stimulation and the onset of the evoked potential with balloon inflation. All of these phenomena were reversed when either the contact was broken or balloons deflated. PMID- 1120011 TI - Maximum compliance and the symptom of fullness in Meniere disease. AB - The symptom of fullness in Meniere disease was investigated in relation to measurements of maximum compliance (Cm) at the eardrum. The symptom of fullness is considered to be related to an increase in inner ear fluid pressure in Meniere disease. The Cms between ears were measured and compared for 36 patients with Meniere disease and the symptom of fullness in only one ear (full ear). A comparison of the Cm between the full ear and nonfull ear showed that the Cm was reduced for 32 of the patients. The data were interpreted as indicating that the Cm can be affected by pathological mechanical changes in the inner ear. PMID- 1120012 TI - Heterograft Myringoplasty. AB - Heterograft myringoplasty on dogs was performed. Serosa of the cecum of the calf was used in eight middle ears and cadaver tympanic membrane of the calf with the malleus attached in four. All canine eardrums were healed 10 to 12 weeks postoperatively. The heterografts were then unidentifiable. In only two middle ears did a mild inflammatory reaction occur with serosa grafts, but in three of the four middle ears with cadaver eardrum grafts, severe inflammation and scarring appeared. The attached denatured calf malleus was being remodeled into a canine ossicle by new bone deposits. The results with calf serosa graft indicate that tolerance and survival might be expected using it in the human ear. However, the experiences with the calf cadaver tympanic membrane suggest a need for great caution in expanding the present information to surgical use in the human. PMID- 1120013 TI - Radiologic diagnosis of chondroma and chondrosarcoma of the larynx. AB - The radiographic findings in chondroma and chondrosarcoma of the larynx basically comprise a discreet soft tissue mass on plain lateral and anteroposterior film, a smooth mucosal outline to the lesion, calcification, with either peripheral or central stippling and ossification. Secondary signs are also noted. Definition of these criteria are illustrated in order to apply these findings to the radiographic diagnosis of chondroma and chondrosarcoma of the larynx. PMID- 1120014 TI - Rerouting the external auditory canal. A method of correcting congenital stenosis. AB - An hourglass or funnel-shaped, stenosed, external auditory meatus with a normal tympanic membrane, middle and inner ear is one of the congenital anomalies that occasionally occurs. Such abnormality was present in both ears of a woman and caused chromic otitis externa and deafness. A routine meatoplasty on the right ear failed because of an unusual cephalad position of the drumhead in relation to a "downhill" position of the stenosed outer meatus. Rerouting the ear canal to a horizontal position by removing bone of the canal superiorly, posteriorly, and inferiorly, and grafting the now horizontal canal with skin taken from the postauricular fold produced a good result. This is a satisfactory procedure for a woman, but would be cosmetically unacceptable for a man. PMID- 1120015 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease). An electron microscopic study of the vascular lesions before and after therapy with hormones. AB - Eight patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and severe epistaxis were treated with norethynodrel with mestranol (Enovid). Biopsy specimens of typical lesions from two patients were taken for electron microscopy before and after several months of therapy. Characteristic endothelial cell damage and nectosis were noted in the dilated venules of patients before treatment but not after. Unlined channels of blood were found in connective tissue before treatment but not after. These are thought to arise from leaks in the affected venules, and it is suggested that later indothelial ingrowth gives rise to the propagation of lesions that are known to develop with age. Reduplicated basal laminae and regenerating endothelial cells were found both before and after treatment. PMID- 1120017 TI - Gnathostomiasis. A case of otological interest. AB - A young Thai man was afflicted with neurognathostomiasis. The symptomatology was distinct from that of eosinophillic myeloencephalitis. In view of its neurootological flavor, it is proposed that this newly described symptomatology of neurognathostomiasis should be referred to as the neurootological gnathostomiatic syndrome(NOGS). PMID- 1120016 TI - Fish bone fistulae. AB - This is a communication of a fish bone in the cervical esophagus of an adult causing a common carotid false aneurysm with fistula to the esophagus (not reported previously). PMID- 1120018 TI - Fatal bronchopulmonary hemorrhage due to unrecognized amyloidosis. AB - Amyloidosis of the larynx and tracheobronchial tree is usually described as a nonbleeding lesion. However, severe hemorrhage, often fatal, is reported in other organs involved by this disease. A fatal bronchopulmonary hemorrhage was found in a 23-year-old woman unsuspected of having amyloidosis. The possible causes of hemorrhage in this disease are a vessel wall involvement or disturbances of the blood clotting mechanism. PMID- 1120019 TI - Polytef granuloma clinically simulating carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - A case of a foreign body granuloma to polytef (Teflon) appeared as a mass on the left side of the neck and clinically simulated carcinoma of the thyroid. Autopsy results demonstrated that the intracordal polytef extended through the cricothyroid membrane via a fistulous tract forming a suprathyroid nodule. PMID- 1120020 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1. Osteoma of the tongue. PMID- 1120021 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. Mixed fibrous xanthoma. PMID- 1120022 TI - Ischemic carotid endothelium. Scanning electron microscopical studies. AB - The normal luminal surface and the effect of ischemia on the endothelium of the common carotid arteries of rhesus monkeys were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Clamps were placed proximally and distally on the right common carotid arteries, totally occluding the vessels for periods ranging from five minutes to four hours. The clamps were then removed and fixation carried out by intravascular perfusion. The contralateral sham-operated carotids, as well as those from unoperated animals were used as control specimens. The most obvious effect of ischemia was the appearance of conical, crater-like defects in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. Such "craters" were observed following as little as 15 minutes of ischemia, were much less frequent in sham-operated vessels, and were not seen in the unoperated control specimens. PMID- 1120023 TI - A key to identify heart valve prostheses. AB - A system for the identification of heart valve prostheses has been developed. A series of observations is made on the structure of a prosthesis. Following each the most appropriate choice of two or three alternative findings is made. One is then directed to the next observation until a genus of prostheses is found with structural characteristics like the unknown one. Positive identification is aided by a brief description of each prosthesis in the genus. PMID- 1120024 TI - Primary sarcoma of the aorta. AB - A 70-year-old man had an obstruction of the aortic bifurcation by a primary aortic sarcoma. The tumor was not fibrosarcomatous, as are the majority of primary aortic tumors. To our knowledge, this is the third occurrence of this type of primary aortic malignant neoplasm to be reported in the literature. A possible endotheliomatous origin is suggested. PMID- 1120025 TI - Single coronary artery with myocardial infarction and AV block. AB - A case of single coronary artery with myocardial infarction was found in a 77 year-old woman. Study of the conductive system in this case did not show any abnormalities that could be correlated with the terminal clinical episode of heart block. In seven anatomically proven cases reported, the single coronary artery arose from the right aortic sinus, which suggests a possible causal relationship to infarction. PMID- 1120026 TI - Glomerular lesions of diabetes mellitus in Mystromys albicaudatus. AB - The kidneys of 175 nondiabetic and diabetic Mystromys albicaudatus were evaluated histologically by light microscopy. The degree of capillary basement membrane thickening and the predominant glomerular histologic pattern were recorded. Statistical analyses indicated that glomerulosclerosis is associated with diabetes in this species. In addition, a granular capillary basement membrane lesion occurred more frequently in diabetic than in nondiabetic animals. PMID- 1120027 TI - Nodal angiomatosis. AB - Four patients with nodal angiomatosis were examined. Nodal angiomatosis consisted of a bengin vascular proliferation coincidentally encountered in lymph nodes that were removed for other reasons. Although the lesion is uncommon, it is important to distinguish nodal angiomatosis from primary Kaposi sarcoma of the lymph node. PMID- 1120028 TI - Anticoccidial activity of Lasalocid in control of moderate and severe coccidiosis. AB - The fermentation product lasalocid ("Antibiotic X-537A," Hoffmann-LaRoche) showed good anticoccidial activity when administered via feed at 50 or 75 ppm in a replicated floor-pen experiment. Lasalocid was compared with monensin (121 ppm) ("positive control") and also with unmedicated ("negative") controls in pens heavily seeded or indirectly seeded with eight species of coccidia (Eimeria acervulina, E. brunetti, E. hagani, E. maxima, E. mitati, E. necatrix, E. praecox, and E. tenella). Under severe coccidiosis exposure (litter seeded by infected birds) both anticoccidials permitted significantly increased weights, improved feed conversions, and reduced lesion scores. Shank depigmentation was numerically less in anticoccidial-treated birds than in unmedicated controls, though not significantly. Coccidiosis mortality (lesions or parasites demonstrated) was 10% in unmedicated controls. Lasaloic reduced this mortality significantly to 0.8% at 50 ppm and 0.4% at 75 ppm. No coccidiosis mortality occurred with monensin-fed birds. With moderate exposure (indirect seeding) both anticoccidials permitted significantly greater weight gains and less shank depigmentation than in unmedicated controls. In unmedicated pens severity of coccidiosis was significantly greater in the intentionally seeded pens than in indirectly seeded pens with all parameters except depigmentation. This design provided a practical procedure for testing anticoccidials in a single experiment against severe and moderate exposures to coccidiosis as are normal in broiler production. PMID- 1120029 TI - Influence of strain of Mycoplasma synoviae and route of infection on development of synovitis or airsacculitis in broilers. AB - Two strains of Mycoplasma synoviae (WVU 1853 and F10-2AS) were compared for their relative pathogenicity in terms of airsacculitis and synovitis. Both strains produced air-sac lesions after aerosol exposure of chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis; both produced synovitis when inoculated into the foot pad. The WVU 1853 strain was more likely to result in synovitis, whereas the F10-2AS strain was more apt to produce air-sac lesions. PMID- 1120030 TI - Characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from migratory waterfowl in the Atlantic flyway. AB - Four isolants of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) obtained from free-flying Canada geese in the Atlantic flyway were characterized and compared with the B1, LaSota, Roakin, and Texas-GB strains of NDV. The 4 isolants were identified as lentogenic strains on the basis of embryo mean death times of greater than 100 hours and relative lack of pathogenicity for 1-day-old and 3-week-old chickens. The hemagglutinin of 2 of the isolants was stable at 56 C for 15 minutes, 1 for 30 minutes, and the other for at least 2 hours. When held at 4 C for 24 hours, none of the 4 isolants could be eluted from chicken erythrocytes. All 4 of the isolants produced plaques in chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures without additives, whereas the B1 and LaSota strains did not. The 4 lentogenic NDV isolants from Canada geese differed in many respects from currently used commerical vaccine strains (B1 and LaSota). PMID- 1120031 TI - Viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in turkeys: immune response following vaccination with either viable B1 strain or inactivated vaccine. AB - When used as a vaccine, live letogenic B1 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) protects turkeys against challenge-exposure to viscerotropic velogenic NDV (VVNDV). Low level passively-immune poults were vaccinated one, two, or three times at various intervals and their immunity challenged at various times from 1 to 10 months of age. Newcastle disease virus was isolated readily from either the blood, trachea, or vent of turkeys in all challenge groups (through 5 months of age) on the 3rd to 6th days postchallenge (PC) but after 14 days PC was isolated rarely. Virus was isolated from turkeys that had high titers of serum hemagglutination inhibition antibodies at the time of challenge. The anamnestic antibody response appeared to be stronger in poults that had low antibody titers prior to challenge exposure to VVNDV. In a small-scale study with an inactivated VVNDV vaccine, vaccinated poults were protected against challenge with the homologous viscerotropic virus. Parallel control studies on the infectivity of viscerotropic NDV for turkeys indicated that resistance to VVNDV increased with age. PMID- 1120032 TI - Inclusion body hepatitis in Mexico. AB - Inclusion body hepatitis is recorded for the first time in Mexico. Clinical signs, gross lesions, and histopathology in chickens are described, as well as chicken embryo lesions. PMID- 1120033 TI - In vitro incorporation of 1-14C acetate by blood cells of normal ducks and ducks infected with Plasmodium lophurae. AB - Several investigations have been made, on a qualitative basis, of in vitro incorporation of 1-14C acetate into the lipids of whole blood from normal ducks and ducks infected with Plasmodium lophurae (1,3,4). It was found generally that the percent labeling in blood cells and plasma was higher for infected ducks than for normal ducks. The present study was concerned with quantitative determination of the incorporation of 1-14 C acetate into the lipids of purified erythrocytes (RBC) and leukocytes (WBC) of normal and infected ducks. PMID- 1120034 TI - Borrelia anserina in chickens previously exposed to Borrelia theileri. AB - Exposure of 10-week-old White Leghorn chickens to sheep blood containing Borrelia theileri neither resulted in infection nor conferred protection against B. anserina. PMID- 1120035 TI - Viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in Turkeys: virus shedding and persistence of infection in susceptible and vaccinated poults. AB - Susceptible turkeys and turkeys vaccinated with live lentogenic B1 strain Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were inoculated intracularly with viscerotropic velogenic (VV) Fontana strain NDV and studied for virus shedding and persistence of infection. Susceptible poults that survived infection (15%) continued to shed NDV from the intestinal tract up to 46 days postinoculation. Turkeys that were vaccinated with B1 strain NDV did not develop clinical signs when their immunity was challenged with VV Fontana strain virus. Virus was covered up to 53 days postchallenge (PC) from the cloaca of poults that were vaccinated once at 4 days of age and challenged at 1 month of age. Older turkeys that had been vaccinated one to three times did not generally shed virus after 4 days PC. Newcastle disease virus was recovered later in convalescence by the organ-culture method when swabs of trachea and cloaca were negative for virus. Persistent infection was detected as long as 88 days PC in organ cultures of cecal tonsil. Five of seven NDV isolants from organ cultures or from swabs caused fatal disease in chickens. PMID- 1120036 TI - Viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in turkeys: isolation of Newcastle disease virus from tracheal and cecal tonsil organ cultures. AB - Tracheal and cecal-tonsil organ cultures were made from vaccinated turkeys that had survived challenge of immunity with viscerotropic velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Culture fluids were tested to show that latent infections did exist in the vaccinated and challenged turkeys, thus indicating a possible carrier state. NDV was recovered from 6 of 159 turkeys examined. Preliminary tests indicate that 4 isolants are velogenic and 2 are lentogenic. PMID- 1120037 TI - Viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in turkeys: vaccination against loss of egg production. AB - Live B1 Newcastle disease virus was administered to young turkeys either intraocularly or by driniking water, or by both methods. Protection against egg production loss was evaluated by challenge-exposure to viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus in drinking water. During 22 days postchallenge (PC), none of the vaccinated hens had morbidity, whereas 44% of the unvaccinated controls died 6-13 days PC. Percent egg production (PEP) of all groups 1-5 and 6 22 days PC were compared with their levels 1-5 days before challenge. For days 1 5 PC, changes were not significant. For days 6-22 PC, changes for all groups were siginficant lower. The controls had 0 production. Hens vaccinated only at 4 days or at 4 days and again at 4 weeks averaged one-third or less of prechallenge levels but were recovering. Those revaccinated at 4 months maintained 84-91% of their prechallenge levels and were considered satisfactory. Broodiness was a detracting factor in one group of hens vaccinated at 4 days, 4 weeks, and 51/2 months. They averaged two-thirds of prechallenge levels but were in decline. PMID- 1120038 TI - Characterization of a new infectious bronchitis virus isolate. III. Cell-culture adaptation of Clark 333. AB - The Clark 333 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was substantially resistant to primary chicken cell-culture adaptation. More than 40 serial embryo passages were required before the virus would produce cytopathic alterations upon cell-culture inoculation. The cytopathic effect was characteristic of the effect of reported for IBV. Adaptation was not accomplished by alternating serial passages in embryo and cell-cultured systems. A careful monitoring of cell culture fluid infectivity by embryo inoculation was found to be essential because absence of adaptation is accompanied by a loss in virus titer (3 to 5 serial passages). Helpful additional aids were immunofluorescence and cytopathology. PMID- 1120039 TI - Viremic responses of genetically susceptible and resistant chickens to experimental infection with acute, mild, or both strains of Marek's disease herpesvirus. AB - The development and persistence of viremia were followed in two lines of Single Comb White Leghorns: one experimental line (WSU-VS) highly susceptible, and one commercial line (C-WL) relatively resistant to Marek's disease(MD). In the resistant C-WL chicken, viremia with a mild strain of MD herpesvirus (MDHV) persisted in all viremic birds through 8 weeks postinoculation (PI), while viremia with an acute strain of MDHV did not, resulting in a decrease in number of viremic birds after 2 weeks PI. In the susceptible WSU-VS chicken, viremia with acute MDHV persisted in all viremic birds whereas viremia with mild MDHV was detected in a decreasing number of birds after 6 weeks PI. The pattern of viremia observed in the dually infected groups simulated a combination of the responses of the two groups respectively inoculated with mild and acute MDHV. Whether inoculation was with acute MDHV alone, or together with mild MDHV, levels of viremia with acute MDHV were appreciably higher in the WSU-VS than in the C-WL chicken. In both lines, levels of viremia were higher with acute MDHV than with mild MDHV but viremia with acute MDHV could not be demonstrated in the C-WL bird at 6-8 weeks PI. Levels of viremia with mild MDHV were consistently and similarly low in both WSU-VS and C-WL chickens. PMID- 1120040 TI - The neutralizing characteristics of strains of infectious bronchitis virus as measured by the constant-virus variable-serum method in chicken tracheal cultures. AB - The constant-virus variable-serum neutralization test in chicken tracheal organ cultures was employed in cross-neutralization tests with the following infectious bronchitis viruses: Massachusetts 41, Connecticut, Iowa 97, Iowa 609, Holte, JMK, Clark 333, SE 17, Florida, and Arkansas 99. These viruses all proved serologically distinct by this method. Chickens immunized with the Connecticut strain and later challenged with Arkansas 99 were not protected against it. PMID- 1120041 TI - Adenoviruses of chickens: serologic groups. AB - By literature review and experimental studies, 57 adenovirus isolants from chickens were grouped into 10 distinct serotypes. In plaque-reduction tests, 20 antibody units were reacted with 32-320 plaque-forming units of virus. Viruses that were neutralized (80% or greater reduction in titer) by a given serum were considered to belong to that serotype. Used to distinguish among serotypes were their antisera. One-way neutralization occurred in only two instances; in both cases it was traced to contamination of the virus inocula used to induce specific antiserum. Recloning corrected the problem. Of the 10 serotypes described, all are known to exist in the United States, 7 were found in Northern Ireland, and at least 6 have been shown to occur in Japan. PMID- 1120042 TI - Passive avoidance in rats and gerbils as a function of species-specific exploratory tendencies. PMID- 1120043 TI - Regulatory defense of the exercise-induced weight elevation in hamsters. PMID- 1120044 TI - Differential effects of US intensity and flooding on the acquisition and extinction of one-way active avoidance responding in female rats with septal lesions. PMID- 1120045 TI - Operant responding for water in rats with septal lesions: effect of deprivation level. PMID- 1120046 TI - Effects of electrical stimulation of amygdala upon neophobia and taste aversion. PMID- 1120047 TI - Gustatory memory: incubation and interference. PMID- 1120048 TI - Taste aversion learning is impaired by interpolated amygdaloid stimulation but not by posttraining amygdaloid stimulation. PMID- 1120049 TI - Retention of active-avoidance behavior after intermediate retention interval in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized rats. PMID- 1120050 TI - Postnatal androgenization influences social behavior of adult rats tested in standard male and female sexual paradigms. PMID- 1120051 TI - Masculine sexual behavior and morphology: paradoxical effects of perinatal androgen treatment in male and female rats. PMID- 1120052 TI - The response to selection for altered conduction velocity in mice. PMID- 1120053 TI - Does hypovolemia plus cellular dehydration equal water deprivation? PMID- 1120054 TI - Modification of feeding patterns by glucodynamic hormones. PMID- 1120055 TI - Cholinergic seizure kindling in the rat: comparison of caudate, amygdala and hippocampus. PMID- 1120056 TI - Decreased temporal variability in hippocampal theta rhythms of cats administered methylphenidate. PMID- 1120057 TI - Handling rat pups after early weaning. PMID- 1120058 TI - Effects of neophobia sensitization on the rat's preference for earned food. PMID- 1120059 TI - Are there circadian rhythms in learning by Octopus? PMID- 1120060 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cerebellar and spinal ataxia in horse. A case of cerebellar ataxia in a foal]. PMID- 1120061 TI - [Outbreak of vibrio abortion in sheep in Iraq]. PMID- 1120062 TI - [Experience with care and control contracts in herd-book and pig-breeding farms in Middle Franconia 1973/74]. PMID- 1120063 TI - [Experience on breeding, rearing and keeping of cats for experimental purposes under conventional conditions]. PMID- 1120064 TI - [Experience on breeding, rearing, and keeping of cats for experimental purposes under conventional conditions]. PMID- 1120065 TI - [Direct colorimetric determination of thallium in the urine]. PMID- 1120066 TI - The mechanism of the human intestinal sucrase action. PMID- 1120067 TI - Enhancement of immune response by the proteinaceous crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis var thuringiensis. PMID- 1120068 TI - Mechanism for the autoxidation of hemoglobin by phenols, nitrite and "oxidant" drugs. Peroxide formation by one electron donation to bound dioxygen. PMID- 1120069 TI - A proposed mechanism of thermophily in facultative thermophiles. PMID- 1120070 TI - The modifying effect of manganese on the enzymic profiles and pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver and adipose tissue during development. PMID- 1120071 TI - Evidence for the existence of a structural RNA component in the nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles containing heterogeneous RNA. PMID- 1120072 TI - Decrease in glutathione levels of kidney and liver after injection of methionine sulfoximine into rats. PMID- 1120073 TI - Failure of duplexes based on polylaurusin (poly(L), "Polyformycin B") to induce interferon. PMID- 1120074 TI - Stimulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase on administration of ATP. PMID- 1120075 TI - Modification of ribosomal proteins during liver regeneration. PMID- 1120076 TI - Regulation of cyclopropane fatty acid biosynthesis by variations in enzyme activities. PMID- 1120077 TI - A comparison of lac repressor binding to operator and to nonoperator DNA. PMID- 1120078 TI - In vitro inhibition of cholesterol uptake in human and animal arteries by 7 ketocholesterol. PMID- 1120079 TI - Fluorine chemical shifts in complexes of sodium trifluoralkysulfates with reduced proteins. PMID- 1120080 TI - Reversible oxygenation of protoheme-imidazole complex in aqueous solution (1, 2) PMID- 1120081 TI - Isolation of pure and stable renin from hog kidney. PMID- 1120082 TI - Endogenous proteinkinase-dependent phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 1120083 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hydrogen bonded complexes of oligonucleotides in aqueous solution. I. pdG-dC and pdG-dT. PMID- 1120084 TI - Relative enantiomer binding and reaction rates with propanediol dehydrase. PMID- 1120085 TI - Study of calf thymus deoxyribonucleoproteins by means of gel electrophoresis. Effect of ionic composition on the mode of chromatin fragmentation. PMID- 1120086 TI - Changes of substrate configuration during trypsin hydrolysis of arginine and lysine 2-phenyl-thiazol-5-ones. PMID- 1120087 TI - Synthesis and proof of structure of the new amino acid in prothrombin. PMID- 1120088 TI - Interspersion of repetitive sequences in rat liver DNA. PMID- 1120089 TI - The use of subunit exchange chromatography for the group specific fractionation of histones. PMID- 1120090 TI - Intercellular adhesiveness and neuraminidase effect following release from density inhibition of cell growth. PMID- 1120091 TI - An in vitro study of the interaction of heart mitochondria with troponin-bound Ca2+. PMID- 1120092 TI - Inhibition of CO2 fixation in intact spinach chloroplasts by 3-phosphoglyceric acid. PMID- 1120093 TI - Rate of synthesis of beta L-lipovitellin in the liver of immature chicks treated with 17beta estradiol. PMID- 1120094 TI - Mossbauer studies of anhydrous hemoglobin and its subunits. PMID- 1120095 TI - Personality characteristics of syllabus-bound and syllabus-free sixth-formers. PMID- 1120096 TI - The significance of stimuli on conservation of number with educable mentally retarded children. PMID- 1120097 TI - Music and test anxiety: further evidence for an interaction. PMID- 1120098 TI - The other observer in a perspectives task. PMID- 1120099 TI - Properties of the highly reactive SH groups of phosphorylase b. AB - The reaction of rabbit muscle phosphorylase b with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2) has been studied with stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Two highly reactive sulfhydryl groups per dimer reacted with Nbs2 within a few seconds, while the remaining SH groups needed several minutes and hours. Decomposition of the time curve revealed that the highly reactive SH groups can be divided into two subclasses: a fast type which reacted with a rate constant of 3 x 10-3 M-1 sec-1 and a more slowly reacting type disappearing with a rate constant of 0.3 x 10-3 M-1 sec-1. The reactivity of the slowly reacting type increased by a factor of about 2 in the presence of 1 mM AMP. Concurrently, the ratio between the fast reacting and the more slowly reacting subclasses decreased from 5.3 to 1.0. The AMP effect was greatly enhanced by glucose 1-phosphate. This enhancement was abolished in the presence of ATP. The finding that the ratio between the number of SH groups in the two subclasses of the highly reactive SH groups changed upon addition of ligand molecules indicates that the two subclasses reflect the different reactivities of the SH groups when the enzyme is present in different conformational states. It is suggested that the highly reactive SH group measured belong to the peptide: Gly-Cys-Arg-Asp. PMID- 1120100 TI - Photosensitized inactivation of stem bromelain. Oxidation of histidine, methionine, and tryptophan residues. AB - Pineapple stem bromelain was photooxidized in the presence of Methylene Blue used as a sensitizer. The essential sulfhydryl group of the enzyme protein rapidly became inaccessible to react with 5,5'-dithiobis(nitrobenzoic acid), but the reactivity was readily regained to the original level upon treatment with dithiothreitol. Even after such reduction, the photooxidized enzyme showed a markedly decreased hydrolytic activity on casein. Spectral examination revealed that the oxidized enzyme had tyrosine residues intact. Amino acid analysis showed significant decreases in histidine, ethionine, and tryptophan residues. Photoinactivation occurred in a similar manner also in the presence of tetrathionate which reversibly blocked the essential sulfhydryl group. It is concluded that the irreversible photoinactivation of stem bromelain must be related to the oxidation of histidine, methionine, and tryptophan residues. When the photooxidation was carried out a different pH values ranging from 4.0 to 8.3, the inactivation and the decrease in histidine content were found to be markedly pH dependent. Thus, the photooxidation experiment provided a method for directly measuring the apparent pKa of the ionization of the single histidine residue in stem bromelain. Apparent pKa values of 6.4 and 7.1 were obtained for the histidine imidazole in the absence and in presence of tetrathionate, respectively. In view of these normal pKa values for an imidazole, a mechanism of ionization of the active-site group in a plant thiol proteinase is proposed, in which the validity of mechanism involving a close electronic interaction between histidine and cysteine residues is seriously questioned. PMID- 1120101 TI - Iron-donating properties of transferrin. AB - The transferrin molecule has two specific metal-binding sites, each of which may provide iron for the biosynthesis of hemoglobin by reticulocytes. Diferric human transferrin was shown to be a better iron donor, per iron atom, for rabbit reticulocytes, than was monoferric transferrin obtained by isoelectric focusing. The difference in binding of 125I-labeled monoferric and differic transferrin to reticulocytes may be sufficient to account for the difference in iron uptake. In contrast, diferric and monoferric rabbit transferrin both donated iron to reticulocytes at the same rate, per iron atom. In an experiment using 55Fe/59Fe doubly labeled transferrin, one iron binding site of human transferrin was a better iron donor than the other. In rabbit transferrin, the two sites appeared to function equivalently. Care was taken in these experiments to demonstrate that labeled iron added to dilute solutions of transferrin was indeed specifically bound to the protein. A liquid scintillation counting procedure, simpler than existing methods, was developed to quantitate 55Fe and 59Fe in blood. PMID- 1120102 TI - The alpha and beta subunits of Cyanidium caldarium phycocyanin: properties and amino acid sequences at the amino terminus. AB - Phycocyanin was isolated and purified from the unicellular alga, Cyanidium caldarium. Subunits were prepared on a Bio-Rex-70 column developed stepwise with urea solutions (pH 1.9). The alpha subunit eluted in 8 M urea and the beta subunit eluted in 9 M urea. The alpha and beta subunits displayed absorption maxima at 660, 354, and 277 nm in 8 M and 9 M urea. The alpha:beta ratio of total absorbance under the 660-nm peak was 0.56 suggesting an alpha:beta phycocyanobilin chromophore ration of 1:2. On calibrated sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the alphs subunit had an estimated molecular weight of 15,500 plus or minus 1100 and the beta subunit has an estimated molecular weight of 18,300 plus or minus 300. Minimum molecular weights based on one histidine residue per subunit were 16,300 for the alpha subunit and 18,750 for the beta subunit. Phycocyanin displayed a single visible absorption maximum at 625 nm and two positive circular dichroic bands at 632 and 610 nm. The alpha and beta subunits displayed single visible absorption maxima at 618 and 600 nm and single positive circular dichroic peaks at 620 and 585 nm, respectively. Two-dimensional maps of tryptic digests of the alpha and beta subunits revealed distinct patterns of peptides each of which was consistent with the lysine and arginine composition of these polypeptides. Maps of tryptic digests of phycocyanin contained 25 major peptides (a total of 27 lysine and arginine residues). Automated sequence analysis of separated subunits revealed a 70% homology within the first 27 residues at the amino terminus of the alpha and beta subunits of C. caldarium phycocyanin. PMID- 1120103 TI - Negative cooperativity in the binding of thyroxine to human serum prealbumin. Preparation of tritium-labeled 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid. AB - The binding of thyroxine (T4) and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) to human serum prealbumin was measured by equilibrium dialysis at pH 7.4 in 0.05 M phosphate-0.10 M NaCl at 25 degrees. The data were analyzed for the binding constants based on equations for (1) two independent sites and (2) two identical sites with negative interaction. Evaluation by the independent site model gave the following association constants: for T4 binding, KT1 = 1.0 x 10-8 M-1, KT2 = 9.5 x 10-5 M-1; for ANS binding, KA1 = 9.5 x 10-5 M-1, KA2 = 2.1 x 10-5 M-1. The interactive model gave constants kT = 5.5 x 10-7 M-1 and kA = 5.5 x 10-5 M-1. Interaction factors, alpha, defined such that -RT in alpha is the energy of interaction, were: alpha T = 0.041 AND ALPHA A = 0.62 for T4 and ANS, respectively. The "best fit" values for the number of sites were 2.0 and 1.6 for T4 and ANS, respectively. The binding of T4 to human prealbumin was competitive with ANS, and the binding constants evaluated from competition experiments were in agreement with those found for each ligand when studied separately. On the basis of analysis of X-ray data of human prealbumin (Blake et al.) there appear to be two identical T4 sites. It is therefore evident that the binding of T4 represents a case of negative cooperativity which is presumably due to interaction between ligands. PMID- 1120104 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Pseudomonas BAL-31. I. Purification and properties of the enzyme. AB - The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Pseudomonas BAL-31, the host for bacteriophage PM2, has been purified 154-fold using differential centrifugation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and sucrose gradient centrifugations at low and high ionic strength. The resulting enzyme is free of enzyme activities which could interfere with transcription studies and is greater than 85% pure as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Like other bacterial RNA polymerases, its subunit structure is beta'beta sigma alpha2. From gel electrophoresis the beta', beta, and alpha subunits have approximately the same molecular weights as those from Escherichia coli, whereas the sigma subunit is 5% larger (89,000 vs. 85,000). A summation of the subunits yields a molecular weight of 485,000 for the holoenzyme. Like other bacterial RNA polymerases, it sediments as a monomer (15 S) at low ionic strength (0.065) and as a dimer (22 S) at high ionic strength (0.75). Its activity is stimulated three-fold by monovalent cations (K+,NH4+, NA+) with additional stimulation provided by divalent cations (Mg2plus, Mn2plus). The transcription of phage PM2 form I (supercoiled) DNA has an ionic strength optimum of 0.26 for continuous long-term synthesis, and over an ionic strength range of 0.09-0.46 "plateau-type" kinetics are not observed. The sigma subunit is required for optimal PM2 transcription. The enzyme is sensitive to the same inhibitors of transcription as the RNA polymerase from E. coli, it has a temperature optimum of 28 degrees, and it is 50% inactivated by heating 10 min at 41 degrees. It has template preference similar to E. coli polymerase and shows little preference for homologous templates. With various DNAs the order of template activities is T7 greater than PM2 I congruent to T4 greater than PM2 II (relaxed circular form) greater than lambda-c greater than calf thymus greater than BAL-31 DNA. Phage PM2 form I DNA is transcribed at a twofold greater rate than PM2 form II DNA by this enzyme. PMID- 1120105 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Pseudomonas BAL-31. II. Transcription of the allomorphic forms of bacteriophage PM2 DNA. AB - Transcription of the supercoiled form (I) and the relaxed circular form (II) of bacteriophage PM2 DNA was studied utilizing the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from its host, Pseudomonas BAL-31. Transcription of both templates is continuous for up to 2 hr, but proceeds at a two-fold higher rate on I than on II. This difference is mainly due to a 2.2-fold higher rate of chain initiation on I. When rifampicin (Rif) is added ater 10 min of synthesis, (1) transcription of II ceases by 30 min with a maximum product length of 7000 nucleotides (number average) being produced; (2) transcription of I continues with little rate reduction and with the product reaching 16,000 nucleotides (number average) by 2 hr. Sucrose gradient analysis shows that the product of II achieves maximum size 20 min after Rif addition and sediments in three peaks of 24, 33, and 39 S (approximately one-third, two-thirds, and one genome lengths). The product of I has a heterogeneous distribution and grows continuously with a large fraction reacting greater than 3 genome lengths by 90 min. The same differences in synthesis kinetics, Rif inhibition, and product size distribution are observed when I and II are transcribed by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. These experiments show that (i) PM2 form I DNA is transcribed mainly by a process of continuous chain elongation, with little chain termination occurring; (ii) PM2 form II is transcribed by a process of continuous chain initiation, elongation, and termination of yield discrete products. Thus, the tertiary structure of circular DNA influences chain termination by RNA polymerase. PMID- 1120106 TI - DNA binding proteins in the cytoplasm and in a nuclear membrane complex isolated from uninfected and adenovirus 2 infected cells. AB - The DNA binding proteins in a nuclear membrane fraction that can synthesize DNA in vitro (referred to as "nuclear membrane complex") and in the cytoplasm of adenovirus infected and uninfected cells were isolated and characterized. Suspension cultures of human KB cells infected with human adenovirus 2 were treated with 25 mu-g/ml of arabinosylcytosine starting at 2 hr to block the synthesis of viral structural proteins, and then labeled with (3H)leucine from 6 to 24 hr after infection. Uninfected cells were treated similarly and labeled with (14C)leucine. The 3H-labeled proteins (infected cells) and 14C-labeled proteins (uninfected cells) isolated from the cytoplasm were mixed, as were the corresponding proteins isolated from the membrane complex, and each mixture was fractionated by stepwise elution from single-stranded DNA-cellulose columns. From 50 to 60% of the labeled protein in the membrane complex from infected cells and 40 to 50% of that from uninfected cells bound to DNA-cellulose in 0.05 M NaCl. Much less protein from the cytoplasm was bound to DNA cellulose, 20% from infected cells and 11% from uninfected cells. Gel electrophoresis of the mixture of 3H- and 14C-labeled proteins eluted from DNA-cellulose by different concentrations of NaCl revealed the following. (1) The 0.15 and 0.40 M NaCl eluates from the membrane complex of infected and uninfected cells contained a heterogenous mixture of similar polypeptides. (2) The 0.6 M NaCl eluate from the membrane complex derived from infected cells contained two major DNA binding proteins with molecular weights of 75,000 and 45,000 that were absent from uninfected cells. Large quantities of these two proteins were present in highly purified form in the 0.6 M NaCl eluate from the cytoplasm of infected cells. The DNA binding proteins of molecular weight 75,000 and 45,000 that are present in the cytoplasm are identical with those present in the membrane complex, as established by coelectrophoresis. (3) Two major cell-specific proteins of molecular weight 40,000 and 15,000-17,000 were present in the 2 M NaCl eluate of the membrane complex from uninfected and infected cells. A major cell-specific protein of molecular weight 33,000 was present in the 0.15 and 0.4 M NaCl eluates of the uninfected and infected cell cytoplasmic fractions. Aanalysis of cells labeled at 2-6 hr after infection in the absence of arabinosyl cytosine indicated that the synthesis of the DNA binding proteins of molecular weight 75,000 and 45,000 begins early after infection prior to the onset of viral DNA replication. PMID- 1120107 TI - Isolation, characterization, and stability of the 30S ribosomal RNA complex from HeLa cells. AB - The HeLa 30S rRNA molecule (historically designated 28S rRNA) can be dissociated into two components, a 7S rRNA and a large rRNA component which we call 29S rRNA. To evaluate conformational differences between the 30S rRNA complex and the isolated 29S rRNA component of the complex, viscosity, sedimentation velocity, circular dichroism, and ultraviolet absorption measurements with the two species were performed. Sedimentation equilibrium studies were also carried out with the 30S rRNA complex. In addition, the kinetics of the reaction which dissociates the 30S rRNA complex were characterized. The removal of glycogen-like molecules by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide prescipitation of the rRNA and the preequilibration of rRNA with solvent by Sephadex column chromatography were found to be essential for reproducibility. The s20,2o values for the 30S rRNA complex and the isolated 29S rRNA were determined from the experimental data obtained at various rRNA concentrations as 29.89 plus or minus 0.40 and 29.09 plus or minus 0.14, respectively. The corresponding intrinsic viscosity values were 74 plus or minus 5 and 67 plus or minus 5 cm3/g, respectively. The optical properties of the 30S rRNA and 29S rRNA were not significantly different. These results indicate that there is no significant conformational difference between 30S rRNA and 29S rRNA under the conditions studied. We conclude from the sedimentation equilibrium data that the molecular weight of 30S rRNA is 2.1 x 10 6. From the kinetic data, the 30S rRNA dissociation appears to be an irreversible, cooperative, and ionic strength dependent reaction which at an ionic strength of 0.051 has an activation enthalpy of 123.5 kcal/mol and an activation entropy of 0.21 kcal/(mol deg). PMID- 1120108 TI - The binding of deoxycholate, Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and phosphatidylcholine vesicles to cytochrome b5. AB - Cytochrome b5 is composed of two domains that can be isolated after tryptic cleavage as two polypeptide fragments. One fragment is globular and hydrophilic and contains the heme; the other fragment is rich in hydrophobic amino acids and is essential for recombination of cytochrome b5 with microsomal membranes (Ito, A., and Sato, R. (1968), J. Biol. Chem. 243, 4922; Spatz, L., and Strittmatter, P. (1971), Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 68, 1042). Equilibrium dialysis and sedimentation equilibrium measurements of the binding of deoxycholate, Triton X 100 and dodecyl sulfate show that neither intact cytochrome b5 nor its proteolytic fragments possess high affinity binding sites for any of these amphiphiles. However, each detergent binds to the protein in a highly cooperative manner at concentrations near the critical micelle concentration. Binding measurements using the separated tryptic fragments show that deoxycholate and Triton X-100 (both nondenaturing detergents) bind to the hydrophobic fragment to the same extent as to intact cytochrome b5, and not at all to the polar fragment. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (a denaturing detergent) is bound to both tryptic fragments, but 70% of the detergent is bound to the hydrophobic fragment although it comprises only 30% of the protein mass. Less detailed measurements were made with synthetic and natural phosphatidylcholines, and show that the intact protein is quantitatively incorporated into phosphatidylcholine vesicles, but that no interaction with the polar fragment occurs. These results are interpreted in terms of the hydrophobic domain of cytochrome b5 having a diffuse hydrophobic surface that can act as a nonspecific nucleus for the formation of a micelle with a variety of amphiphilic substances. This domain of the molecule will insert into any available hydrophobic environment, whether it be detergent micelles, synthetic phospholipid vesicles, or the microsomal membrane. The incorporation of cytochrome b5 into the microsomal membrane is only a specialized case of the general property. PMID- 1120109 TI - Comparison of the resonance Raman spectra of carbon monoxy and oxy hemoglobin and myoglobin: similarities and differences in heme electron distribution. AB - With 441.6-nm excitation, which is near the Soret band, we observe that the resonance Raman spectra of hemoproteins contain not only the bands between 650 and 1700 cm-1 which arise from vibrations of the conjugated macrocycle, but also bands below 650 cm-1, some of which involve vibrations of the iron pyrrole nitrogen bonds. The spectra of the oxygen and carbon monoxide complexes of both myoglobin and hemoglobin are sufficiently similar to those of low spin met derivatives, that the electronic distribution on the heme for both ligands can be interpreted as that of a low spin ferriheme. This agrees with an earlier interpretation, by others, of comparative optical absorption spectra and, as pointed out previously, would imply that in the complex the ligands are bound as O2- and CO-. However, band frequencies and relative intensities differ somewhat between the carbon monoxide and oxygen complexes of the same protein, which indicates differences between the details of the pi-electron distributions in the corresponding complexes. PMID- 1120110 TI - Studies of individual amino acid residues of the decapeptide tyrocidine A by proton double-resonance difference spectroscopy in the correlation mode. AB - The cyclic decapeptide antibiotic tyrocidine A was studied by two relatively new methods, viz., correlation proton magnetic resonance (pmr) spectroscopy and double-resonance difference pmr spectroscopy. The correlation method of spectral accumulation provided pmr spectra of good resolution, and in addition the signal to-noise ratio achieved per unit time of accumulation was much higher than that achieved by use of the conventional continuous wave (cw) method. Furthermore, when protonated solvents are used, the correlation mode of accumulation has a distinct advantage over pulse and fast Fourier transform (fft) methods currently in use. Double-resonance difference (drd) spectra of individual amino acid residues in tyrocidine A were obtained by the correlation method when the decoupling frequency was maintained at the center frequency of the appropriate C alpha proton multiplet and at a level of power that totally decoupled vicinal C alpha and C-beta protons; the resolution of these spectra was good, and the signal-to-noise ratio was high. The distinct patterns and spectral positions of the drd spectra were characteristic of the particular type of amino acid residue and, therefore, could be used as the basis for making assignments. Furthermore, the drd spectra revealed the spectral positions of individual C-alpha and C-beta proton transitions and therefore, upon spectral analysis, could provide the chemical shifts and coupling constants of these protons. Positions of transitions were revealed even though they were hidden by overlap in the corresponding conventional single- or double-resonance spectra. PMID- 1120111 TI - Properties of hydroxylase systems in the human fetal liver active on free and sulfoconjugated steroids. AB - The substrate specificity of the steroid sulfate-hydroxylating activity in microsomes from human fetal liver has been investigated. Twelve different C18, C19, C21, and C27 steroid sulfates and the corresponding free steroids were used as substrates. The introduction of a sulfate group on the steroid substrate was found to have two principal effects. (1) The hydrophilic sulfate group directs the steroid molecule so that it only interacts with the active site of cytochrome P-450 with its non-sulfurylated, hydrophobic end. (2) The sulfate group interacts with the enzyme surface resulting in exposure of a slightly different part of the hydrophobic end of the substrate to the active site of cytochrome P-450 than when the same end of the free steroid is exposed to the active site of the enzyme. As a consequence of these two effects of the sulfate group, the "steroid sulfate pathway" of steroid hydroxylations generally differs considerably from the "free steroid pathway," both from a qualitative and a quantitative aspect. This difference was found to be most pronounced with estrogens: whereas estradiol was not hydroxylated by human fetal liver microsomal preparations, estradiol 3 sulfate was both 15-alpha- and 16-alpha-hydroxylated. Thus, for certain steroids, sulfurylation is a prerequisite for further metabolism by microsomal hydroxylase systems. These results indicate the presence in human fetal liver microsomes of a multipotent, highly unspecific, hydrophobic "bulk" of cytochrome P-450. The existence of this hydroxylase system which efficiently hydroxylates steroid sulfates is probably of great physiological importance as a detoxifying mechansim in the human fetus. PMID- 1120112 TI - Cholesterol in aqueous solution: hydrophobicity and self-association. AB - Free energies of transfer of cholesterol monomer from water to organic solvents show that the hydrophibicity of this sterol molecule is significantly less than predicted from hydrophobic surface area considerations. It is suggested that this phenomenon may arise from unusual orientation of water molecules at the surface of the solute. From the direct measruemtn of the hydrophobic free energy of transfer and comparison with thermodynamic data on micelle formation reported previously we calcuate specific attractive interactions between cholesterol monomers in the micelle of 2-4 kcal/mol, which suggests the possiblity of self association (phase separation) in mixed micellar systems such as sterol-lipid complexes. PMID- 1120113 TI - The right to know: public education for health. PMID- 1120114 TI - The role of regulation in educating the public about health. PMID- 1120115 TI - The role of the state governments in educating the public about health. AB - Fifty years ago health care was a private matter between a physician and his patient. Doctors practiced medicine; people could and did pay for their own health care; and legislators did not need to concern themselves much with health problems. In the meantime, instigated by a massive scientific knowledge explosion, we have spent billions on monstrous complexes to house ultramodern equipment and technology to fight acute, dreaded diseases. Doctors, who once treated human body as an entity, are so specialized that none seems to know any more that the head bone is still indirectly connected to the great toe. People, who incidentally are plagued with essentially the same chronic maladies that visited their predecessors five decades ago, are in real trouble if their complaint is simply a boil on the backside. First they must determine who specializes in this particular area. Next they are lucky if they can obtain an appointment before the boil bursts. Finally, they probably cannot afford to pay for the services rendered. The lawmaker steps in and pours more money into erecting more buildings and providing more specialists. We will not solve the dissonance between the mutually dependent group if we isolate ourselves, forgetting to listen, forgetting to educate, forgetting to communicate. Let me close with Sir William Osler's metaphor: How common the experience to enter a cold cheerless room in which the fire in the grate has died down, not from lack of coal, not because the coal was not alight, but the bits, large and small, falling away from each other have gradually become dark and cold. Break them with a poker, get them together, and what a change in a few minutes. PMID- 1120116 TI - The role of the Federal Government in educating the public about health. PMID- 1120117 TI - Encouraging better health through television. PMID- 1120118 TI - The Dr. Fox effect: a study of lecturer effectiveness and ratings of instruction. AB - Students viewed one of six lectures which varied only in substantive teaching points (content) covered and seductiveness. These 207 students then rated the effectiveness of the presentation (satisfaction ratings) and completed a 26-item achievement test. Students who viewed high seduction lectures performed better on the achievement test than did students who viewed low seduction lectures. Similarly, students who viewed lectures high in content performed better on the cognitive test than did students who viewed low-content lectures. The relationship between staisfaction ratings and student achievement was not perfect. Students gave higher ratings to seductive lectures. However, ratings reflected differences in content-coverage only under low seduction conditions. The ratings were not sensitive to variations in content-coverage when lectures were highly seductive. The "Doctor Fox Effect" appears to be more than an illusion. Seductiveness affects both student ratings of instruction and achievement. PMID- 1120119 TI - The development of views of specialties during four years of medical school. AB - A total of 141 medical students at one medical school participated in a longitudinal study of medical specialty choice. Students indicated their choices in the freshman, sophomore, and senior years. They ranked specialties with respect to status and completed an adjective checklist for self and practitioners of five specialties. Measures of social attractiveness and similarity to self were applied for each specialty. Increasing numbers of students chose internal medicine over the four years. Pediatrics and psychiatry lost students, while family practice and surgery changed little between the first and fourth years. Surgery and medicine were ranked highest and family practice and psychiatry lowest as to status. Family practice was ranked highest and surgery lowest as to social attractiveness. In examining similarity to self, medical students regardless of specialty interest rated themselves as having traits similar to those they assigned to the family practitioner. PMID- 1120120 TI - Foreign medical graduates who return home after U.S. residency training: the Peruvian case. AB - With few exceptions, reports on foreign medical graduates (FMGs) are concerned with their academic, clinical, and adaptational problems during their training at American hospitals and universities. This report, part of a study of FMGs from Peru who have completed postgraduate training in the United States in the past 10 years, is concerned with the psychosocial and professional stresses of adaptation experienced by a group of 21 Peruvian doctors who have returned home to practice. The authors discuss the "push" factors and "pull" factors that motivated these physicians to return to Peru to pursue careers in academic medicine, private practice, and government service in contrast to many of their colleagues who have remained in the United States. PMID- 1120121 TI - The effects of an information specialist on patient care and medical education. AB - A medical librarian joined the pulmonary medicine health care team at Cook County Hospital in order to provide a quick response to information needs regarding patient care, graduate medical education, continuing education, and research. Regular attendance at rounds and conferences enabled the librarian to initiate immediately literature searches in response to both clinical problems and educational requirements. A basic reference supplied to the medical librarian/information specialist by a physician frequently expedited literature research. It was found that patient care and education were enhanced by the rapid access to recent information and that team members used the library more. Close cooperation between the information specialist and physicians significantly facilitated the searches and saved time for health care team members. PMID- 1120122 TI - Medical student change during a psychiatry clerkship: evaluation of a program. AB - The psychiatry clerkship at the University of British Columbia (U.B.C.) emphasizes the teaching model of the student as primary therapist. In the adult program this takes the form of a ward in which clinical clerks are the primary medical agents. In the child program each clerk assesses and treats a new family referral. While the student-ward model has been described previously, this is the first report which attempts to evaluate some aspects of this innovative approach to teaching clinical psychiatry. Student knowledge, attitudes, personality attributes, and expectations were assessed at the beginning and end of the eight week rotation, and the changes are described. Principal findings included significant differences in the following: psychiatric knowledge, attitudes about psychiatric illness, ratings of the students by the psychiatrist-supervisor, and some student personality characteristics. Most students had rotation experiences which went beyond prior expectations. The changes which occurred were thought to be important, although modest. The implications of the changes are discussed. The level of the patient care in the programs described compared favorably with similar situations in which residents are the primary therapists. PMID- 1120123 TI - Interviewing, motivation, and clinical judgment. PMID- 1120124 TI - Some determinants of career choice in the second year of medical school. PMID- 1120125 TI - Effect of previous clerkship experience on readiness for basic medicine clerkship. PMID- 1120126 TI - A computerized student evaluation information retrieval system. PMID- 1120127 TI - Structural changes in departmental organization? PMID- 1120128 TI - COTRANS: after five years. PMID- 1120130 TI - Letter: Podiatrist: a specialist? PMID- 1120129 TI - Letter: MCAT scores and GPAs and meeting social needs. PMID- 1120131 TI - Relationship between the mutagenic and base-stacking properties of halogenated uracil derivatives. The crystal structures of 5-chloro- and 5-bromouracil. AB - Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the crystal structures of 5-chlorouracil and 5-bromouracil, two mutagenic pyrimidine analogs that can substitute for thymine in DNA. Crystals of the two compounds are nearly isostructural. The space group is P21/c, with a equals 8.450(6), b equals 6.842(3), c equals 11.072(16) angstrom, beta equals 123.53(19) degrees for 5 chlorouracil, and a equals 8.598(3), b equals 6.886(1), c equals 11.417(5) angstrom, beta equals 123.93(3) degrees for 5-bromouracil. Intensity data were collected with an automated diffractometer. The structures were refined by full matrix least-squares to R equals 0.058 for 5-chlorouracil and R equals 0.027 for 5-bromouracil. The analogs from planar, hydrogen-bonded ribbons that are nearly identical to those found in the crystal structure of thymine monohydrate. As in many other structures of 5-halogenated uracil derivatives, the bases assume a stacking pattern that permits intimate contacts between the halogen substituents and the pyrimidine rings of adjacent bases. This stacking pattern involves halogen contacts that are significantly shorter than normal van der Waals interactions. The crystallographic results provide additional evidence that halogen substituents influence the stacking patterns of uracil derivatives, while exerting little direct effect on the hydrogen-bonding properties. The observed stacking patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that altered stacking interactions may account for the mis-pairing between 5-halogenated uracil bases and guanine residues within double-helical nucleic acids. PMID- 1120132 TI - Free and membrane-bound ribosomes. II. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins from free and membrane-bound rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. AB - Free and membrane-bound polysomes were isolated from rabbit reticulocytes. The membrane-bound polysomes were liberated form the membrane with deoxycholate. Monosomes were prepared from the two types of polysomes by incubation with puromycin. The ribosomal proteins were extracted and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Two proteins of the large subunit, L11 and L17 present in the free monosomes were not found in the membrane-bound monosomes. On the other hand, four additional spots were found in the protein pattern of the membrane bound monosomes. PMID- 1120133 TI - Factors affecting incorporation of (14C) leucine into albumin and transferrin by the liver in the postnatal rat. AB - The mechanisms responsible for the increase in incorporation of radioactive amino acid into albumin, transferrin and total soluble liver protein which occurs in the immediate postnatal period in the rat was investigated in rats delivered surgically in the last 2 days of gestation. The in vivo incorporation of [14C]leucine into the proteins in the liver was low at birth, but increased rapidly during the first half hour after delivery and then more gradually during the subsequent 4.5 h. Neonatal adrenalectomy had no effect on this pattern of results. Intraperitoneal administration of an amino acid supplement had little effect on [14C]leucine incorporation immediately after birth but increased incorporation at 0.5 h and eliminated the second phase of rising incorporation values between 0.5 and 5 h. The in vitro incorporation of 14C into albumin, transferrin and total protein by slices of the liver from animals immediately after delivery was as great as with slices from animals 5 h after delivery. It is concluded that the initial increase in synthesis of proteins in the liver in the first 0.5 h after delivery is probably due to an increase in the supply of metabolic energy due to improved oxygenation of the rats and that the slower increase in protein synthesis between 0.5-5.0 h results from an improved supply of amino acids to liver cells. It is unlikely that changes in the secretion of adrenal hormones in involved. PMID- 1120134 TI - Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. IV. Polypeptides of the chloroplast envelope. AB - Envelope membranes were isolated from washed chloroplasts of pea seedlings. As judged by the protein-to-chlorophyll ratio, average preparations contain less than 8 percent contamination with internal lamellar membranes. Electrophoresis on sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gels shows that the envelope membranes contain at least 25 polypeptides. The molecular weight distribution of the envelope polypeptides is different from that of the lamellar polypeptides, there being more polypeptides of molecular weights above 50 000 in the envelopes. Two envelope polypeptides become labelled when isolated intact chloroplasts are incubated in the light with (35S) methionine. One of these is similar in molecular weight to the main polypeptide labelled in lamellae, but the other is unique to the envelope fraction. Incorporation of label into both polypeptides is totally light-dependent and is inhibited by chloramphenicol. When (35S) methionine is fed to detached pea shoots with and without cycloheximide, the labelling of other envelope polypeptides is inhibited. We conclude that two polypeptides of the chloroplast envelop are synthesised by chloroplast ribosomes. PMID- 1120135 TI - Transition metal-ion photosensitized monomerization of pyrimidine dimers. PMID- 1120136 TI - Globin mRNA from rabbit reticulocyte membrane-bound ribosomes. AB - Messenger RNA has been isolated from both free and membrane-bound rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. Membrane-bound ribosomes, which constitute less than 10% of total cellular ribosomes, are released from the membrane by deoxycholate but remain associated with the membrane fraction following treatment with 0.5 M KC1. The major messenger RNA species isolated from either free or bound ribosomes is globin messenger. Both alpha- and beta-globin chains are synthesized when the isolated messenger RNA from either free or membrane-bound reticulocyte ribosomes is added to a Krebs ascites cell-free system. PMID- 1120137 TI - Neutral lipids from the skin of the rhino mutant mouse. AB - The neutral lipids of the skin of the Rhino mutant mouse consist mainly of fatty acid esters of sterols, fatty alcohols and 1,2-alkane diols, with strikingly low amounts of triacylglycerols. Fatty acids of wax and sterol esters were predominantly even chain monounsaturates (63 per cent) between C16 and C36 with a surprisingly high proportion of long chain lengths: the principal peaks corresponded to C32, C34, C18, C30, and C22 monoenes. The fatty alcohols showed a somewhat similar pattern, but with an even greater preponderance of long chain lengths and only small proportions shorter than C24. sterols included cholesterol, as expected, but only to the extent of about 28 per cent; the larger fraction was shown to be lathosterol (5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol). The largest single fraction (35.6 per cent) of cutaneous lipids consisted of fatty acid esters of 1.2-alkane diols. The 1,2-alkane diols were completely saturated and included odd and even chain lengths, both straight and branched, in the C16-C24 range: predominant peaks were C20, C22(iso), C16, and C22. Fatty acids of diol esters ranged between C14-C36 with major concentrations of C18, C22, C32, and C34 monounsaturates and C20 and C16 saturates. PMID- 1120138 TI - Changes in the activities of de novo fatty acid synthesis and palmitoyl-CoA synthetase in relation to myelination in rabbit brain. AB - 1. Age-related changes in the activities of fatty acid synthetase and palmitoyl CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.3) have been determined in rabbit brain from the foetal stage through to maturity. 2. Fatty acid synthetase was most active in the soluble fraction of brain homogenates at 5 days of age, prior to the active phase of myelination. Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid synthesised throughout development. 3. Palmitoyl-CoA synthetase had a constant specific activity in the full homogenate, but in the microsomal fraction reached a maximum specific activity at 15-20 days of age. The specific activity was higher than in the mitochondrial fraction which declined from birth. Most of the palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activity was present in the fraction containing cell membranes plus nuclei. 4. From a comparison of the total activities of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids in the brain, de novo fatty acid synthesis may be rate limiting compared with esterification of synthesised fatty acids, but not in the further transformations of the synthesised fatty acids. PMID- 1120139 TI - Fatty acid metabolism in the microsomal fraction of developing rabbit brain. AB - 1. Incorporation of [14C]malonyl-CoA into fatty acid and lipid by the microsomal fraction from developing rabbit brain has been determined. 2. The specific activity for malonyl-CoA incorporation into preformed fatty acid reached a maximum at 15-20 days of age and the increase in enzyme activity paralleled that of palmitoyl-CoA synthesis in the microsomal fraction. 3. Most of the preformed fatty acid was derived from microsomal membrane lipid, and added acyl-CoA only slightly increased the incorporation. Inhibition occurred at concentrations in excess of 2 muM acyl-CoA. Endogenous acyl-CoA may be formed by acyl-group turnover through the action of phospholipase A and acyl-CoA synthetase. 4. Added 14C-labelled acyl-CoA was elongated to a longer chain-length product than endogenous fatty acid elongated with [14C]malonyl-CoA. 5. Both ATP and acyl-CoA influence the incorporation of elongated fatty acids into complex lipids, possibly through their effect on acyl-CoA synthetase. PMID- 1120140 TI - Effect of halofenate and clofibrate on lipid synthesis in rat adipocytes. AB - The free acids of the plasma lipid-lowering agents, halofenate and clofibrate inhibited the incorporation of radioactive glucose and pyruvate into fatty acids of isolated adipocytes prepared from rat epididymal fat pads. The concentration which inhibited fatty acid synthesis was dependent on the bovine serum albumin concentration in the incubation. The 50 per cent inhibitory concentration of the free acid of halofenate in 1 per cent, 2 percent and 4 per cent albumin was 0.9 mM, 2.3 MM and 4.4 mM, respectively. The potency of clofibrate was also lowered by increasing the albumin concentration. These compounds inhibited the uptake of both [14C]glucose and [14C]pyruvate to the same degree as the incorporation of these substrates into fatty acids. However, the drugs either had no effect on , or stimulated the uptake of palmitate by the cells. Leucine accumulation by the adipocytes was unaffected by halofenate (free acid) and inhibited by clofibrate (free acid). A comparison of these agents with (minus)-hydroxycitrate, kynurenate and cerulenin (inhibitors of ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, respectively) on the oxidation of pyruvate suggested that they inhibited pyruvate metabolism at or near the enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 1120141 TI - Substrate-selectivity of rat liver microsomal 1,2-diacylglycerol: CDP choline(ethanolamine) choline(ethanolamine)phosphotransferase in utilizing endogenous substrates. AB - Rat liver microsomes containing 1,2-diacylglycerols formed from the endogenous phosphatidycholines by the action of 1,2-diacylglycerol: CDPcholine cholinephosphotransferase (E.C. 2.7.8.2.) were used as a source of enzymes and substrates. A marked selectivity of 1,2-diacylglycerol: CDPethanolamine ethanolaminephosphotransferase (E.C. 2.7.8.1.) was revealed for utilizing endogenous hexaenoic diaglycerol, while cholinephosphotransferase utilized without marked selectivity the endogenous 1,2-diacylglycerol species differing in the degree of unsaturation. By using microsomes prepared after injecting the animals with 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholines labeled with radioactive myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids, the selectivity of the transferases towards the saturated fatty acids in the 1-position of the endogenous substrates was studied. In incubation of the labeled microsomes with CMP, cholinephosphotransferase appeared to utilize 1-myristyl phosphatidylcholine most rapidly and, in decreasing order, the 1-palmityl and 1-stearyl species. Ethanolaminephosphotransferase utilized the endogenous 1-stearyl diacylglycerol in preference to 1-palmityl type. PMID- 1120142 TI - Biosynthesis of galactosyl diglycerides by non-green fractions from chloroplasts. AB - When either mitochondria, chloroplast stroma lamellae, or osmotically shocked chloroplasts were centrifuged through sucrose gradients, zones were always obtained at the 0.6 M-0.9 M boundary which were highly active in galactosyltransferase. These activities did not coincide with maxima for chlorophyll or cytochrome c oxidase activity. A second chlorophyll-free fraction was obtained at lower density, showing high galactosyltransferase activity when incubated after isolation. The results indicate that the highly active fractions originate from chloroplast envelopes. PMID- 1120143 TI - Distribution of fatty acids incorporated into triacylglycerols by microsome/cytosol preparations from adipose tissue. AB - Microsome/cytosol preparations from adipose tissue of the mouse, pig, rat and chicken and from pig liver synthesize triacylglycerols containing a fatty acid distribution consistent with that in their respective fats. Since the incorporation of fatty acids depends on the presence of glycerol phospahte and no loss of tritium occurs during the incorporation of sn-[2-3 H]glycerol 3-phosphate into triacylglycerols, it would appear that the specific distribution is a property of the transacylases of the glycerophosphate pathway. The apparent Michaelis constant for sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, measured either by sn-glycerol 3 phosphate or palmitate incorporation, averaged 1.4-10-4 M both the mouse and pig adipose tissue enzyme systems. PMID- 1120144 TI - Electron diffraction study of the hexagonal polymorphic form of some choline containing phosphpolipids. AB - Since the kinematical diffraction assumption has been found to be applicable to the analysis of electron diffraction patterns from thin organic crystals, single crystal electron diffraction patterns were obtained from thin anhydrous microcrystals of a lecithin, a lysolecithin and a beef brain sphingomyelin. Crystal structure analysis using the hk0 intensity data affirms the correctness of a free methylene rotor model for this projection of the aliphatic chain packing. Because the aliphatic chains are affixed to the polar moiety of a phospholipid molecule, it is proposed that there is helical twisting along the polymethylene chains, rather than the rigid body chain rotation proposed for the hexagonal packing of long chain paraffins. Lack of upper layer diffraction from the lecithin crystals which would be indicative of repeats along the chains leads to a speculation of translational disorders along the chain axes. PMID- 1120145 TI - Biosynthesis of retinol in bovine corpus luteum tissue. AB - The bovine corpus luteum was found to contain retinol, as analyzed by fluorometry and the formation of anhydroretinol. After the incubation of beta-[15,15 foot-3H] carotene with slices of corpus luteum tissue the biosynthesis of radioactive retinol was demonstrated. Alumina column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and high speed liquid chromatography were used to isolate and identify radioactive vitamin A. Retinol was also found to form a polar complex, from which could be released by acid hydrolysis. PMID- 1120147 TI - Identification of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and their contents in human milk. AB - Human milk was found to contain naturally occuring beta-, gamma- and delta tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol in addition to alpha-tocopherol on thin-layer chromatography. Some of the tocopherols were also identified by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The mean content of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol was 319.3, 7.6, 23.9 and 4.9 mug/g lipid in twelve human colostra 52.5, 1.8, 10.2 and 2.3 mug/g lipid in three transitional milks and 61.7, 2.0, 9.2 and 1.1 mug/g lipid in three normal milks, respectively. A markedly high concentration of alpha-tocopherol was found in colostrum compared with transitional and normal human milk. Gamma-Tocotrienol was detected in colostrum as only one tocotrienol derivative on thin-layer chromatography. The importance of colostrum as the source of vitamin E for the newborn is suggested. PMID- 1120146 TI - Effect of trans-1,4-bis(2-chlorobenzylaminomethyl) cyclohexane dihydrochloride and carbon monoxide on hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis from 4,4,-dimethyl sterols in vitro. AB - The drug trans-1,4-bis(2-chlorobenzylaminomethyl)cyclohexane dihydrochloride (AY 9944) almost completely inhibited the conversion of [2-14C] mevalonic acid, dihydro[14C]lanosterol, 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-[2-3H2]cholesta-8,14-dien-3beta-ol and 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-[2-3H2]cholest-8(14)-en-3beta-ol to 5alpha-cholest-7-en 3beta-ol and cholesterol by cell-free systems of rat liver. With the first three precursors, the inhibition was accompanied by an accumulation of radioactive 5alpha-cholesta-8,14-dien-3beta-ol, but this material could not be detected during inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis from 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-[2-3H2] cholest-8(14)-en-3beta-ol. Regardless of the nature of the precursor, trans-1,4 bis(2-chlorobenzylaminomethyl)cyclohexane dihydrochloride did not result in the accumulation of any delta5,7 sterols. Non-radioactive 5alpha-cholest-8(14)-en 3beta-ol inhibited the conversion of dihydro[14C]lanosterol to 4,4-dimethyl 5alpha-cholesta-8,14-dien-3beta-ol. Carbon monoxide resulted in a decrease in the rate of conversion of dihydro[14C]lanosterol to 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14 dien-3beta-ol but had no effect on the rate of conversion of 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha [2-3H2]cholesta-8,14-dien-3beta-ol to 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol and cholesterol suggesting that cytochrome P-450 is involved neither in the oxidative removal of the 4-methyl groups nor in the oxidative introduction of the delta5 bond during cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition, the process of cholesterol and 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol biosynthesis from 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-[2-3H2]cholest 8(14)-en-3beta-ol was inhibited by carbon monoxide at a stage after the formation of 5alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3beta-ol. PMID- 1120148 TI - 3-Ketosphingolipids: application to the determination of sphingolipids which contain 4-sphingenine. AB - 1. Ceramides and cerebrosides, both with 2-hydroxy or non-hydroxy fatty acids, and sphingomyelins were converted quantitatively to the corresponding 3-keto derivatives with the oxidative reagent 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone. Sulfatides were converted to 3-ketocerebrosides. 2. The conversion of these sphingolipids to the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone permits three methods of quantitation: in Method I, the absorption of the reaction product is measured at 230 nm; Method II utilizes high performance liquid chromatography and an ultraviolet light detector; in Method III, the product is reduced with NaB3H4 and the radioactivity of the reduced products is determined. All three methods can be used to measure sphingolipids in nanomole quantities. 3. Methods I and II have been applied to the determination of cerebroside and sulfatide content of normal and metachromatic leukodystrophy brains. In the white matter of the pathological brains, there was a greater accumulation of sulfatides containing non-hydroxy fatty acids than of those containing 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The ceramide levels of the cerebellum in a Farber's disease patient and a control were determined by Method II. Method III was used to determine the content of free ceramides in human sera. PMID- 1120149 TI - 9-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in the adult rat kidney. Regional distribution and sub-fractionation. AB - 1. Catabolism of prostaglandin F2alpha in the adult rat kidney takes place by the following sequence of enzymatic steps: (1) 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase; (2) prostaglandin delta13-reductase; and (3) 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. 2. 9-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity was highest in the cortex with lesser amounts in the medulla and negligible activity detected in the papilla. A similar distribution was observed for 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and prostaglandin delta13-reductase. 3. Most of the 9 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in the homogenate was found in the high-speed supernatant as also observed for 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and prostaglandin delta13-reductase. 4. These observations indicate that the rat kidney contains an abundance of prostaglandin-catabolising enzymes which favour formation of metabolites of the E-type. PMID- 1120150 TI - Photoreactions of phosphorothioate and cysteamine-S-phosphate. Photosubstitution and photophosphoryl transfer. AB - The photoreactions of phosphorothioate and cysteamine-S-phosphate were investigated. On irradiation of phosphorothioate a marked change in absorption spectrum was observed. The product migrated in high voltage electrophoresis, with different mobility from that of phosphorothioate and its dimer, or inorganic orthophosphate. It contained phosphate and sulfur in a ratio of 2: 1, without reducing properties. Therefore it was suggested that the product is either pyrothiophosphate, or a cyclic compound, with similar composition. On irradiation of phosphorothioate in the presence of potential phosphoryl group acceptor, such as glucose or galactose, 25-40% of the phosphoryl group was transferred. The formation of glucose 6-phosphate, or galactose 6-phosphate was observed. The photolysis of cysteamine-S-phosphate gave cysteamine, inorganic orthophospate and taurine. Under the same conditions of irradiation, inorganic orthophosphate or aminoethanol-O-phosphate were found to be stable. PMID- 1120151 TI - Biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, 3-(3-carbocyphenyl) alanine and 3-(3 carbocy-4-hydroxyphenyl) alanine in higher plants. Examples of the transformation possibilities for chorismic acid. AB - 14C-labelled shikimic acid and double labelled shikimic acid tritiated stereospicifically at C-6 are incorporated into 3-(3-carboxyphenyl) alanine, 3-(3 carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in Reseda lutea L., Reseda odorata L., Iris x Hollandica cv. Prof. Blauw, and Iris x hollandica cv. Wedgwood. The experiments with 14C-labelled shikimic acid confirm that the aromatic carboxyl groups and rings in 3-(3-carboxyphenyl) alanine and 3-(3 carbocy-4-hydroxyphenyl) alanine derive from the carbocyl group and ring in shikimic acid whereas the experiments with double labelled shikimic acid demonstrate that the pro-6S-hydrogen atom is retained and the pro-6R-hydrogen atom lost in the biosynthesis of 3-(3-carboxyphenyl) alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in the plants used. 3H was located in the ortho-position in the aromatic rings of phenylalanine and tyrosine but in a position para to the alanine side chain of 3- (3-carboxyphenly) alanine. No 3H was found in 3- (3-carboxy-4 hydroxyphenyl) alanine. This supports a derivation of the last two compounds from chorismic acid via isochorismic acid, isoprephenic acid, and 3' carboxyphenylpyruvic acid and 3'-carbocy-4'-hydroxyphenylphruvic acid. The 3H/14C ratio in 3-(3-carboxyphenyl) alanine was found higher than in the precursor used. This isotope effect must operate by competition between the pathways from isoprephenic acid to 3'-carbocyphenylpyruvic acid and to 3'-carbocy-4'- hydroxyphenylpyruvic acic. The proposed biosynthetic pathways for the two carboxy substituted amino acids are in agreement with their distribution patterns in the plant kingdom and suggest that they may derive from minor changes of enzymes involved in the general pathways of aromatic biosynthesis. PMID- 1120152 TI - Intermediates in the metabolism of m-carboxy-substituted aromatic amino acids in plants. Phenylpyruvic acids, mandelic acids, and phenylglyoxylic acids. AB - Tracer experiments with 14C-labelled precursors in Iris times hollandica cv. Wedgwood, Reseda Iutea L. And Keseda Odorata L. have demonstrated that 3-(3 carboxyphenyl) alanine and 3-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) alanine can be derived from the corresponding pyruvic acids, presumably by unspecific transaminations, and that (3-carboxyphenyl) glycine and (3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) glycine can be derived from the corresponding phenylglyoxylic acids. The glycine derivatives are derived from the alanine derivatives, and the corresponding mandelic acids are intermediates in these transformations. The corresponding phenylacetic acids are incorporated only slightly into the glycine derivatives, indicating that oxidation at the benzylic position in the C6-C3 compounds takes place early in the transformation. The corresponding cinamic acids are not metabolized at all in the plants. PMID- 1120153 TI - Biosynthesis of p-aminophenylalanine: part of a general scheme for the biosynthesis of chorisimic acid derivatives. AB - p-Aminophenylalanine is biosynthesized in Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. from shikimic acid through a pathway different from that giving phenylalanine and tyrosine. Experiments with 1,6-14C-labelled shikimic acid demonstrate that the C3 side chain in p-aminophenylalanine is attached to the original C-1 in shikimic acid. The biosynthesis of p-aminophenylalanine in Vigna vexillata probably follows the same pathway as the biosynthesis of this amino acid in Streptomyces species where it is known to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of chloramphenicol. It is proposed that the biosynthesis takes place through chorismic acid, 4-amino-3-enolpyruvylcyclohexa-1,5-dienecarboxylic acid, 3-(4 amino-1-carboxycyclohexa-2,5-dienyl) pyruvic acid, and 4'-aminophenyl-yruvic acid. It is proposed that chorismic acid can gave rise to 4-amino-3 enolpyruvylcyclohexa-1,5-dienecarboxylic acid, 2-amino-3-enolpyruvylcyclohexa-4,6 dienecarboxylic acid, and isochorismic acid, and that these three compounds and chorismic acid itself by simple rearrangements and elimination reactions can give rise to most known chorismic acid derivatives, i. e.p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4 dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrobenzoic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminophenylalanine, anthranilic acid, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid, 3-(3-carobxyphenyl) alanine, 3-(3-carbocy-4-hydrocyphenyl) alanine, salicylic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxy2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid. PMID- 1120154 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of two minor glycoproteins from human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Two minor glycoproteins GP-II and GP-III, were isolated from human erythrocyte membranes and characterized chemically and immunologically. The chemical composition of GP-II and GP-III was similar: GP-II consisted of 81% protein and 19% carbohydrate of which 4.9% was hexose, 5.4% hexosamine and 7.8% sialic acid. GP-III consisted of 76% protein and 24% carbohydrate of which 7.6% was hexose, 7.2% hexosamine and 8.1% sialic acid. The amino acid composition of GP-II and GP III was also similar. GP-II and GP-III, however, differed in chemical composition from the MN glycoprotein. GP-II and GP-III were associated with the blood group activities Ss, I and A, but not with the MN antigens. GP-III had higher blood group activities per mug of protein than did GP-II. The specific activities for the Ss blood group antigens were increased 3-10-fold by purificantion of GP-III from the aqueous phase of chloroform methanol extracts. PMID- 1120155 TI - Species variability in the modification of erythrocyte surface proteins by enzymatic probes. AB - Bovine and equine erythrocytes have been studied by three different surface modification techniques to investigate the accessibility of the surface components to the external medium. Lactoperoxidase labeling of equine erythrocytes results in a significant labeling of only one membrane component, a 100 000-mol.wt polypeptide corresponding to the membrane-spanning Component III of human erythrocytes. The major sialoglycoprotein of the equine erythrocyte is not labeled. This is in contradistinction to the situation for human and bovine cells, where both components are labeled. The equine membrane sialoglycoprotein is also not markedly affected by pronase, chymotrypsin or trypsin treatment of whole cells under the treatment conditions used, although it can be cleaved by pronase in isolated membranes. Experiments with the isolated glycoprotein show that its cleavage by trypsin is quite selective, whereas cleavage by pronase and chymotrypsin is much more extensive. Labelling of bovine red cells by galactose oxidase treatment followed by reduction with 3H-labeled borohydride yields radioactivity in only one major peak, that corresponding increase in labeling. Equine erythrocytes don not show significant labeling by this technique unless a neuraminidase pretreatment has been performed. Then only the major glycoprotein is labeled. Thus the equine glycoprotein is apparently inaccessible to the cell surface by standard surface modification methods, although it is clearly a surface component. These experiments point out some of the limitations of surface labeling and proteolysis methods in probing the accessibility of membrane components. The results suggest that apparent inaccessibility of the equine glycoprotein is due partially to its structure and partially to its localization in the membrane. PMID- 1120156 TI - Active secretion of calcium, sodium and chloride by adult rat duodenum in vitro. AB - Active secretion of Ca2+ is observed from the serosal to the mucosal surface across adult rat duodenum in vitro when absorptive Ca2+ flux is saturated by a high [Ca2+]. Sodium and chloride are spontaneously secreted by this tissue with Cl secretion apparently accounting for about one-third of the short-circuit current when there is no absorptive co-transport of Na+. PMID- 1120157 TI - Galactose transport across the serosal border of rabbit ileum and its role in intracellular accumulation. AB - Unidirectional fluxes of D-galactose across the brush and serosal border of rabbit ileum were determined using the method described previously (Naftalin, R. J. and Curran, P.F. (1974) J. Membrane Biol. 16, 257-278). With ringer [Na] equals 75 meguiv., the Km for galactose influx across the brush-border is 5mM, with 0.1 mM ouabain present K-m equals 50 mM, the V (2.0 munol - CM-2-H-1) remains unaltered. The Michaelis parameters for galactose influx across the serosal border are K-m equals 59 plus or minus 9 mM and V equals 4.7 plus or minus 0.24 mumol-cm-2-h-1 and for efflux K-m equals 85 plus or minus 10 mM and V equals 6.8 plus or minus 0.7 mumol-CM-2-H-1. 2. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose and methyl beta D-glucopyranoside inhibit galactose entry exclusively at the serosal and mucosal borders respectively, while 3-O-methyl-D-glucose inhibits galactose influx at both borders. 0.1 mM ouabain increases the K1 of 3-O-methylglucose for the serosal transport system (100 mM) is unaffected by ouabain. Inhibition of mucosal galactose transport by ouabain or by competition with other sugars results in a reciprocal increase in exit permeability and decrease in entry permeability. Inhibition of serosal galactose transport results in inhibition of both the entry and exit permeability, entry is more affected. 3. There is a small degree of permeability asymetry at the serosal border to galactose which is reduced by ouabain or removel of Na+ from the Ringer. Uptake of 14C-labelled galactose from the serosal solution into the tissue is also inhibited by addition of ouabain or Na+ removal. It is therefore considered that there is a weak active transport system for galactose at the serosal border. 4. Net transepithelial galactose flux is sufficiently high and serosal permeability to galactose sufficiently low to be consistent with the view that galactose is concentrated within the tissue fluid, after conviction (Naftalin, R.J. and Holman, G.D. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 373, 453-470) across the mucosal border because it is reflected at the serosal boundary. PMID- 1120158 TI - The effect of diamide and glutathione on the uptake of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside by slices of rat kidney cortex. AB - The uptake of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside was stimulated in slices of rat kidney cortex by pretreatment with reduced glutathione. Diamide, an oxidizind agent with high specificity for GSH, caused an inhibition of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside uptake. These effects appeared to be related specifically to GSH, since dithiothreitol and mercaptoethanol did not increase alpha-methyl-D-glucoside uptake, and were not as effective as GSH in reversing the effects of diamide. GSH and diamide had no effect on the uptake of another sugar analog, 3-O methylglucose, which is not actively transported. Kinetic studies indicated that GSH increased the apparent V without affecting K-m. The results are discussed in terms of the possible role of GSH in the process of sugar transport. PMID- 1120159 TI - A comparison of a spin-label and a fluorescent cell membrane probe using pure and mixed monomolecular films. AB - Monocular films studies of 12-nitroxide stearic acid and 12-(9-anthroyl) stearic acid reveal that deviations from the behavior of the parent molecule (stearic acid) are as much dictated by the polar, or nonpolar, nature of the probe group as by its size. In mixed films under membrane-like conditions, the spin label probe, 12-nitroxide stearic acid, exhibits positive deviations from ideality and should read too high a fluidity. The picture is, however, complicated by a tendency of this probe molecule to adopt a bent conformation, a tendency apparently enhanced by specific interactions with the lecithin zwitterion. 12-(9 anthroyl) stearic acid, in contrast, shows only negative deviations from ideality in mixed dipalmitoyl lecithin films and should read too low a fluidity. PMID- 1120160 TI - Demonstration of a class of proteins loosely associated with secretory granule membranes. AB - It is shown, in this study, that rat secretory granule membrane preparations, as prepared by the method of Amsterdam et al. [(1971) J. Cell Biol. 50, 187-200], contain a protein fraction which is removed by washing in isotonic medium. This fraction contains unusually high levels of Pro, Gly and Glx, and appears to label rapidly if the rats are pulsed with [14-c] amino acids prior to removal of the glands. The fraction, which may represent specifically adsorbed secretory protein(s) or peripheral membrane protein, is significant to investigators using this model system to study secretory phenomena. PMID- 1120161 TI - RNA - DNA hybridization on membrane filters with fragmented mammalian DNA. AB - The possibilities of using fragmented mammalian DNA for hybridization on membrane filters were investigated. The adsorption and release of fragmented DNA were studied as influenced by various factors of the hybridization procedure. It was found that working with preparations sufficiently homogeneous in molecular weight with fragment size 4.8-6.5 S, dissolved in 6 times SSC at neutral pH, the adsorption on filters was almost 100%. After incubation of filters for 18 h in 2 times SSC at 65 degrees C about 50% of the fragmented DNA and 20% of the high molecular weight DNA were released. The degree of release differed for the different families of repeated DNA sequences. Lowest release was obtained with the highly repeated DNA (20%) and highest with the unique DNA (63%), i.e. the release was inversely proportional to the renaturation rate of DNA. In the course of release of fragmented total DNA the material remaining on the filters became enriched in highly repeated sequences, due to selective release of the slowly reassociating fractions. As a result, the percentage of fragmented DNA which hybridized with heterogeneous nuclear RNA was higher than that of high molecular weight DNA. The thermal stabilities of the hybrids with fragmented and high molecular weight DNA were identical. The conditions are defined which permit application of the membrane filter hybridization technique to fragmented mammalian DNA. PMID- 1120162 TI - Molecular weights of maize mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs under denaturing conditions. AB - The molecular weights of maize cytoplasmic and mitochondrial rRNAs were determined by gel acrylamide electrophoresis under non-denaturing and denaturing conditions. The molecular weights of mitochondrial rRNAs (0.76-10-6 and 1.25-10 6) exceeded those of cytoplasmic rRNAs (0.67-10-6 and 1.19-10-6) when electrophoresed in 8 M urea at 60 degrees C. Electrophoresis in 1.1 M formaldehyde resulted in similar values except for heavy mitochondrial rRNA, which exhibited a higher molecular weight than observed in 8 M urea. The observed values for cytoplasmic rRNAs, especially the heavy component, represent a decrease from estimates obtained under non-denaturing conditions. This is the first report of the electrophoretic examination of higher plant rRNAs under denaturing conditions. PMID- 1120163 TI - On the interaction of ribonuclease U-2 and substrate analogues. AB - 1. The interaction of ribonuclease U-2 (RNAase U-2) with its substrate analogues has been investigated by a gel filtration method. At pH 4.5 and 30 degrees C, the apparent binding strength of the substrate analogues was in the following order; adenylate greater than guanylate greater than inosylate greater than cytidylate among 2'-nucleotides and 2'- greater than 3'- greater than 5'- among adenylate isomers. The formation of an equimolar complex of RNAase U-2 and 2'-nucleotide was indicated from the Scatchard plot. 2. The interaction of RNAase U-2 with 2' adenylate or 2'-guanylate was observed spectrophotometrically. The complex of RNAase U-2 and 2'-adenylate yielded not only an absorption difference spectrum having a broad positive peak at 280 to 285 nm and a negative trough at 256 nm but also a circular dichroic difference spectrum having a positive peak at around 250 nm and a negative trough at around 290 nm. The complex of RNAase U-2 and 2' guanylate gave a similar difference spectrum to that of the RNAase T-1 - 3' guanylate complex, in absorption as well as in circular dichroism. PMID- 1120164 TI - The cell-free translation of Rauscher leukemia virus RNA into high molecular weight polypeptides. AB - Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) 65-S RNA, 35-S mengovirus RNA and reticulocyte A rich RNA each stimulated cell-free protein synthesis in a JLS-V5 cell derived S 30 system. rRNA, however, was not stimulatory in this system. Of the stimulated protein products only those synthesized in response to added RLV RNA were immune precipitable with anti-RLV rabbit serum. Furthermore, cell-free incubations with pactamycin at a concentration which specifically inhibits initiation and not elongation prevented the stimulation of amino acid incorporation in response to added RLV RNA. Analysis of the polypeptides synthesized by the cell-free system in response to reticulocyte A-rich RNA, showed them to be globin-like and, therefore, also mRNA specific. The RLV RNA-directed product included at least two classes of polypeptides (mol. wts of 140 000-185 000 and 50 000-75 000) both of which were larger than the group specific polypeptides of mature virions. None of the internal structural polypeptides of mature virions were synthesized in response to RLV RNA. The large molecular weight, viral-specific polypeptides are candidate precursor polyproteins which may represent the translational products of a polycistronic mRNA with a single initiation site. PMID- 1120165 TI - Mechanism of inhbition of protein systhesis initiation by diacetoxyscirpenol and fusarenon X in the reticulocyte lysate system. AB - The mechanism of inhibition of peptide chain initiation by diacetoxyscirpenol and fusarenon X, (trichotecene mycotoxins), was studied in the reticulocyte lysate protein-synthesizing system. The mycotoxins did not inhibit formation of the complex between Met-tRNA-f and the 40S ribosomal subunit nor the initiation codon AUG-promoted combination of the complex with 60S ribosomal subunit. Formyl methionyl-valine accumulated when the system was incubated with the mycotoxins and fMet-tRNA-f. This suggests that the inhibition occurs after the formation of the first peptide bond. PMID- 1120166 TI - [Stochastic models and the optimization of the basic characteristics of biodiagnostic systems]. PMID- 1120167 TI - [Automatic methods of analysis in quantitative autoradiography]. PMID- 1120168 TI - [Functional changes in the kidneys under conditions of craniocerebral hypothermia]. PMID- 1120169 TI - [Morphological and kinetic characteristics of the crypta-villus system in the mucosa of the rat jejunum and ileum]. PMID- 1120170 TI - [Effect of isoflavones on lipid metabolism in experimental hypercholesterinemia. I]. PMID- 1120171 TI - Editorial: Behavior therapy, etc. PMID- 1120172 TI - Intracerebral current levels in man during electrosleep therapy. PMID- 1120173 TI - Visual hallucinations and propranolol. PMID- 1120174 TI - Schizophrenia and organic brain syndrome with trisomy 8 (group-C trisomy 8 [47, XX, 8+]). AB - A supernumerary autosomal syndrome in the C group of submetacentric autosomes has not yet been delineated phenotypically, although cases of an extra C-group autosome have been reported. Recent technical advances (fluorescence and Giemsa banding) now permit positive identification of each autosome. The present case reports the presence of schizophrenia and organic brain syndrome in association with trisomy 8. It is the sixth case of trisomy 8 reported to date. A stress diathesis model is used to explain the development of the psychiatric disturbances. The patient's autosomal aberration is regarded as diathetic, and the multiple congenital anomalies, surgical interventions, infections, familial, and other environmental responses as stress. This report provides further data for the phenotypic delineation of a trisomy 8 syndrome. PMID- 1120175 TI - Dopamine antagonism by thioridazine in schizophrenia. AB - One of the leading current theories of the etiology of schizophrenia is excessive activity of some brain dopaminergic tracts. One of the major objections to the theory is that thioridazine is clinically as effective a treatment of schizophrenia as other neuroleptic drugs but appears to have much less dopamine blocking properties than these agents in man and laboratory animals. Serum prolactin levels are increased by dopamine receptor-blocking drugs. We have found that thioridazine is as effective as chlorpromazine, trifluperazine, and prolixin enanthate in increasing serum prolactin levels in unmediated schizophrenic patients, indicating it is an effective dopamine-blocking agent. PMID- 1120176 TI - Alpha enhancement research: a review. PMID- 1120177 TI - The nonoccurrence of hemo- and kryptopyrrole in urine of schizophrenics. PMID- 1120178 TI - Changes in verbal and nonverbal learning following a single left or right unilateral electroconvulsive treatment. PMID- 1120179 TI - The origin of land plants: a matter of mycotrophism. AB - It is hypothesized that terrestrial plants are the product of an ancient and continuing symbiosis of a semi-aquatic ancestral green alga and an aquatic fungus an oomycete. The Siluro-Devonian "explosive" colonization of land, and indeed the very evolution of plants, was possible only through such mutualistic partnerships partnerships that were equipped to cope with the problems of desiccation and starvation associated with terrestrial existence. PMID- 1120180 TI - Looking forward to the present. PMID- 1120181 TI - Sodium dodecyl sulfate in protein chemistry. AB - This review summarizes in a brief manner the main aspects of the application of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to protein chemistry. The principal problems of SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are described, as well as the anomalous behavior of protein-SDS complexes and the inactivation of enzymes due to variable binding of SDS to the polypeptides studied. The particular value of SDS in elucidating the protein composition of biological membranes and in membrane reconstitution experiments is discussed. PMID- 1120182 TI - Circadian rhythms and molecular biology. PMID- 1120183 TI - [The effect of methyluracil on protein and amino acid concentration in HEp-2 cells]. AB - Methyluracil doses from 1 to 50 mg/ml induced an increase of total nucleinic acids in the nuclei and the protein in the cytoplasm of the HEp-2 cells. 20 mg/ml of methyluracil gave a progressive increase in the nucleinic acid concentration in the cells--from 122 to 197 %. A relatively stable increase of protein at all the time intervals was induced by a dose of 30 mg/ml (132--145%). This is in favour of an increase in cell metabolic processes under the influence of methyluracil. PMID- 1120184 TI - Peroxidase-H2O2-halide system: Cytotoxic effect on mammalian tumor cells. AB - Myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and a halide constitute a potent antimicrobial system. A cytotoxic effect of this system on a line of mouse ascitic lymphoma cells (LSTRA) is demonstrated here using four different assay systems: 51Cr release, trypan blue exclusion, inhibition of glucose C-1 oxidation, and loss of oncogenicity for mice. Deletion of each component of the system, preheating the peroxidase, or addition of azide, cyanide, or catalase abolished the cytotoxicity. Myeloperoxidase was effective with either chloride or iodide as the halide, while lastoperoxidase was effective with iodide but not chloride. The iodinated thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, could substitute for the halide, and H2O2 could be replaced by a peroxide-generating enzyme system such as glucose and glucose oxidase or by H2O2 producing bacteria such as pneumococci or streptococci. The possibility is raised that the peroxidases of inflammatory cells and certain biologic fluids may affect tumor initiation or growth in vivo. PMID- 1120185 TI - Arsenic intoxication as a cause of megaloblastic anemia. AB - We have described a case of chronic arsenic intoxication associated with pancytopenia and megaloblastic erythropoiesis. The patient had the typical laboratory manifestations of effective erythorpoiesis due to a megaloblastic process, including macroovalocytes, mild pancytopenia, low reticulocyte index, increased marrow cellularity with erythroid hyperplasia, and morphologic evidence of megaloblastic maturation in the marrow. The patient's serum folate and vitamin B12 were normal, and the anemia regressed without therapy. Our case suggests that the combination of megaloblastosis with normoblastic or megaloblastic karyorrhexis,should raise the suspicion of arsenic intoxication in the mind of the observer. In addition, arsenic should be added to the list of agents causing a reversible megaloblastic anemia. PMID- 1120186 TI - Red cell life span in sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease with a note about sickle cell-hemoglobin O ARAB. AB - Red cell survival was measured in ten subjects with S-C disease and one with S-O Arab (alpha 2 beta 2-121 glu yields lys) disease using both DF32p and 51Cr as tags. Red cell volume was slightly reduced in most patients (87% plus or minus 20% of predicted normal). In nine SC patients, mean red cell life (DF32p) was 28.9 plus or minus 4.0 days. For one SC subject it was significantly longer (47.9 days), as it was for the one with S-O Arab. The S-O Arab subject had irreversibly sickled cells in the peripheral blood, shereas those with SC had few (less than 1/1000 red cells) or none. The S-O Arab hemolysate gelled at a hemmoglobin concentration (16.2 g/100ml) near that for sickle cell anemia hemolysates (15.9 plus or minus 1.0 g/100 ml; n equals 8) but significantly lower than that for SC hemolysates (21.6 plus or minus 1.9 g/100 ml; n equals 5). It seems likely that properties of S-C red cells other than their relative ease of sickling contribute significantly to their rate of hemolysis. PMID- 1120187 TI - Measurement of vitamin B12-binding proteins of plasma. I. Technique. AB - The unsaturated binding capacities (UBBC) of individual vitamin B12-binding proteins in plasma were measured by a two-step procedure. Transcobalamin II (TC II) was separated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate; the "R"-type binders remaining soluble were then divided into two components by bath separation with anion exchange on DEAE-cellulose. The two R components were designated alpha1-R (TC 1) and alpha2-R (third binder, fetal binder, PV binder, TC III). Ten normal sera were studied by this technique giving a separation into TC III and total plasma R identical to that obtained simultaneously by gel filtration. The mean UBBC of TC II was 969 plus or minus 204 pg of 57 Co B12 per ml of serum. The mean contamination of the precipitated TC III with plasma R was 3%. The UBBCs of alpha 2-R and alpha 1-R were 127 plus or minus 42 and 40 plus or minus 12 pg/ml, respectively. The mean contamination of the R fraction by TC II was 14% as evaluated by gel filtration. By isoelectric focusing it was found that the alpha1 R contained principally those components isoelectric at pH isoelectric at pH of 2.9-3.2, while alpha2-R was made up of those components isoelectric at pH of 3.6 or greater. PMID- 1120188 TI - Some factors affecting fibrinogen precipitation by ristocetin: ultrastructure of precipitates. AB - Fibrinogen in aqueous solution is precipitated by the antibiotic ristocetin. This reaction is inhibited by albumin and facilitated by low temperature. Resolubilized fibrinogen clots in the presence of thrombin. Ristocetin precipitated fibrinogen takes the form of fibrils or clumps, composed of irregularly spaced, structure-less particles. The addition of ristocetin to washed platelets suspended in fibrinogen-containing media produces fibrinogen clumps in both the media and in the surface cannalicular system of the platelets. The changes in light transmission (aggregation curves) are due to both platelet aggregation and fibrinogen clumping. The role of the latter is confirmed by the observation that the addition of ristocetin to inert latex particles suspended in fibrinogen solution produces typical aggregation curves. This phenomenon is prevented by the addition of albumin to the media. We conclude that (1) if fibrinogen is present in any artificial system, albumin should be included in the media to prevent fibrinogen precipitation; and (2) statements about aggregation of any particulated materials by ristocetin should not be based solely on light transmission changes, but should also include a description of the morphologic appearance. PMID- 1120189 TI - Direct effects of thyroid hormones on bone marrow erythroid cells of rats. AB - A stimulatory effect on bone marrow cellularity was observed in normal and nephrectomized rats continuously infused with T3 and T4. Results of bone marrow studies are expressed in absolute numbers of total nucleated erythroid cells per milligram of femoral marrow at the beginning and after 8 hr of continuous intravenous infusions. Administration of T3 and T4 to nephrectomized rats produced a marked and significant increase in total erythroid cells counted. After differential analyses of the nucleated erythroid elements, a significant increase in all erythroid cell types was also observed. Similar results were seen in a control group of rats in which both ureters have been previously ligated and in groups of nephrectomized rats receiving rabbit antiserum against erythropoietin before starting the intravenous infusions of T3 and T4. These results indicate that stimulation of marrow erythropoiesis produced by thyroid hormones in our system is not dependent on renal or extra-renal production of erythropoietin. The progressive introduction of T3 and T4 into the circulation of rats with bilateral nephrectomy or ureter-ligated normal rats, may overload the mechanism of transport of these hormones in plasma. As a consequence, a progressive increase in free active forms of T3 and T4 in plasma may occur. Our interpretation of the present findings is that thyroid hormones stimulate directly bone marrow erythropoiesis. This stimulation is clearly evident when high levels of free active forms of thyroid hormones are present in plasma. PMID- 1120190 TI - Ferritin iron absorption in man. AB - The iron absorption from ferritin and hemosiderin biosynthetically labeled with radioiron was studied in 108 subjects. The geometric mean absorption of ferritin iron in both normal and iron-deficient subjects was 1.9 percent. Its mean absorption ranged from 0.9 percent in normal subjects to 2.5 percent in subjects with moderate iron deficiency and 5.7 percent in subjects with marked iron deficiency. The administration of this iron compound with vegetals in a meal showed distinctly lower absorption values than the absorption from either maize, wheat, or soybean. Ferritin iron absorption was also different from that of ferric chloride when they were administered together as a drink or mixed with maize or liver. The iron absorption from ferritin was markedly increased when it was administered with either meat or liver, but it did not reach the absorption level of these foods. It is still to be elucidated whether the difference in iron absorption between ferritin and vegetable foods administered together reflect that this iron is incompletely miscible with a nonheme iron pool or that it really forms a third iron pool. PMID- 1120191 TI - Pressure-volume characteristics of foot veins in normal cases and patients with venous insufficiency. AB - In order to evaluate pressure-volume characteristics of foot veins in patients with venous insufficiency compared with a control group, the foot-volumetric method was utilized, combined with intravenous pressure measurements. Calculations of compliance and elastance were preformed within a fixed pressure interval, where the veins were filled or almost filled. The investigation demonstrates a lower compliance and a higher elastance in the varicose veins compared with the control cases. This is contrary to most previous investigations, in which the veins have not been fully distended, as the measurements were preformed in the lying position with rather low venous pressure. Changes of compliance and elastance were most marked in cases with advanced venous disease and skin changes of the ankle region. The observed changes of a 'greater stiffness' of the foot-vascular system can be explained by fibrotic or phlebosclerotic changes. In addition to the observations of slightly altered elasticity factors, we observed volume changes after exercise which seem to be related to capillary filtration. PMID- 1120192 TI - Inhibition of in vivo Neural Vasoconstriction by exogenous catecholamines. AB - Intaarterial infusions of norepinephrine and dopamine markedly attenuated the mesenteric vasoconstrictor response to periarterial nerve stimulation in anesthetized cats, but did not attenuate the response to intravenous norepinephrine. The degree of attenuation was independent of stimulation voltage, but inversely related to frequency. The results are compatible with previous in vitro evidence that NE and DA decrease adrenergic transmitter release during nerve stimulation. PMID- 1120193 TI - Differentiation of calcium activation mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle by selective suppression with verapamil and D 600-1. AB - Mechanical activity of the isolated portal vein and thoracic aorta of the guinea pig was recorded and the effects of verapamil and D 600 (methoxy-verapamil) on the dose-response curves to noradrenaline were measured. Extracellular electrical activity in portal vein was also sometimes recorded. Two calcium activation mechanisms could be differentiated: a "spike activation mechanism" (SAM) inhibited by verapamil and D 600, and a "spike-free activation mechanism" (SFAM) resistant to these antagonists in their specific concentration range (up to 10 minus 5 mol/1). In portal vein, both mechanisms were similarly dependent on extracellular calcium, indicating a D 600-resistant system for transmembrane calcium fluxes. The response of portal vein to increased potassium concentration was also tested. Species differences and differences in the specificity of various calcium antagonistic drugs complicate the picture of calcium antagonism in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 1120194 TI - Vibration-induced inhibition of vascular smooth muscle contraction. AB - Vascular smooth muscle is known to be exposed to an oscillating strain under physiological and patho-physiological conditions as well as in different occupational and environmental situations. The effect of vibrations of smooth muscle seems to be largly unknown. In the present experiments on isolated preparations of the rat portal vein and the rabbit thoracic aorta, imposed sinusoidal changes in length were found to cause prompt reduction in active force, the extent of which was dependent on amplitude (1-10% of tissue length, peak to peak, i.e. approximately plus or minus 50-500 mum) and frequency of vibration (1-400 Hz) as well as on the prevailing level of active and passive forces. Vibration caused only small and inconsistant reductions of passive force of vascular smooth muscle. The results are in accordance with the hypothesis that vibrations exert a direct action on the contractile process by causing an increased rate of detachment of actin-myosin cross-links. It is suggested that, in vivo, vibrations may affect the diameter of conduit arteries locally in the case of turbulent blood flow as seen in post-stenotic dilation and arterio-venous anastomosis. Possibly, even the normal pulse pressure oscillations may sometimes tend to inhibit the smooth muscle activity in such arteries and thereby influence their diameters. PMID- 1120195 TI - Ajamline-induced changes in mechanical and electrical activity of vascular smooth muscle. AB - The effects of ajmaline on vascular smooth muscle were studied using helical aortic strips and portal veins of male rats. This report is based on the results of 104 mechanical experiments. In 30 additional experiments electrical activity was recorded simultaneously at different points of the preparation using extracellular methods (liquid paraffine or pressure electrodes technique). Ajmaline induces relaxation of aortic helical strips (activated by 2.0 mug/l norepinephrine) to 75 percent of initial tension in a dose of 0.6 mg/l, to 50 percent by 2.0 mg/l, and to 25 percent by 4-5 mg/l. The relaxation slope is shifted to the right by increasing the [Ca++]o from 2.0 to 4.0 mM, by increasing the initial norepinephrine concentration to 4.0-10 mug/l, or by KCl depolarization, [K+]o ranging from 15 to 60 mM. The relaxing effect of ajmaline on aortic strips can partly be attributed to a change in electrical activity with a dose-dependent conduction impairment or block and, at high concentrations, also a decrease in the frequency of pacemaker excitations. Experiments on aortic strips in K+ contracture show relaxation independent of changes in phasic electrical events. Ajmaline ranging from 0.2 to 80-100 mg/l causes on the portal vein a marked increase in amplitude and a small decrease in frequency of rhythmical contractions. Integrated isometric force reaches 300 percent of initial values. The increasing amplitude of contractions is related to a prolongation of excitation trains, while the frequency and amplitude of the individual spike are reduced. Our results suggest that the effects of ajmaline on the mechanical and electrical activity of vascular smooth muscle may be partly related to a reduction in Ca++ and probably Na+ conductance. PMID- 1120196 TI - [Existence of parametric resonances in transformation systems of biological interest]. PMID- 1120197 TI - A three stage population model with cannibalism. PMID- 1120198 TI - Dynamic optimization of in-series cardiac assistance by means of intra-aortic balloon pumping. PMID- 1120199 TI - [Comparison of random, sib and half-sib matings by the coefficient of depression]. PMID- 1120200 TI - A model of a physico-chemical coupling of biological interest. PMID- 1120201 TI - Self-assembly and differentiation as models of computability. PMID- 1120202 TI - Bounds on the total population for species governed by reaction-diffusion equations in arbitrary two-dimensional regions. PMID- 1120203 TI - Kinetics of light emission by photosynthetic systems: second order light decay kinetics means Elovich kinetics in a solid state reaction; 1.5 order light decay kinetics means second order reaction kinetics. PMID- 1120204 TI - Flow and diffusion in the vitreous body of the eye. PMID- 1120205 TI - A standard form for the Kermack-McKendrick epidemic equations. PMID- 1120206 TI - Letter: Treatment of singularity for spatial transfer properties of human visual system at threshold. PMID- 1120207 TI - On preaching old virtues while practicing old vices: a psychoanalytic perspective on morality. PMID- 1120208 TI - Perspectives on psychoanalytic education. PMID- 1120209 TI - Psychopathology and politics reconsidered. PMID- 1120210 TI - The biological strangers: an attempted sucide of a seven-and-a-half-year-old girl. PMID- 1120211 TI - Childlessness from the psychological point of view. PMID- 1120212 TI - A developmental model for inpatient management. PMID- 1120213 TI - Drug defect reporting program. PMID- 1120214 TI - Electropolish finishing of stainless steel in pharmaceutical processing equipment. PMID- 1120215 TI - Determination of particulate matter in intravenous solutions using the Coulter counter. PMID- 1120216 TI - Measurement of fiber size distribution in parenteral solutions. PMID- 1120217 TI - Hyperglucagonaemia in the surgical patient. AB - Twenty-one patients had serial samples of blood taken before, during, and after operation for the measurement of plasma glucagon, plasma insulin, and blood glucose concentrations. A significant rise in plasma glucagon level was noted during the operation. In contrast the plasma insulin concentration fell during the operation and rose in the postoperative period despite hyperglycaemia during and after the operation. These findings show that hyperglucagonaemia is a physiological consequence of a surgical operation and that the relationship of plasms glucagon to plasma insulin is complex. PMID- 1120218 TI - I alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol: a treatment of renal bone disease. AB - Three patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis have been treated with 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHCC), a synthetic vitamin D analogue. A daily dose of 2 mug by mouth produced a significant increase in both calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and calcium content of bone. Treatment with 1 alpha-OHCC appears to be effective in cases of metabolic bone disease associated with chronic renal failure. PMID- 1120219 TI - Editorial: Osteotomy for arthritis of the knee. PMID- 1120220 TI - Prostaglandin E2 tablets compared with intravenous oxytocin in induction of labour. AB - Stimulation of uterine activity after amniotomy has been carried out with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) tablets in two dosage regimens and with intravenous oxytocin. Oxytocin stimulation was the most successful. The difference in success rate was most marked in nulliparous patients and those with low Bishop score. PMID- 1120221 TI - Ventricular septal defect in a battered child. PMID- 1120222 TI - Delay in diagnosis of optic nerve and chiasmal compression presenting with unilateral failing vision. AB - Out of 29 patients who presented with failing vision in one eye due to optic nerve or chiasmal compression, compression was initially diagnosed in only five. The errors in diagnosis and lack of ophthalmological follow-up led to delays of up to many years with serious deterioration in acuity before referral for intracranial investigation. The chief causes of error were lack of charting of the visual fields, too ready acceptance of the diagnosis of the neuritis in the absence of essential features, and the infrequent use of skull radiographs. PMID- 1120223 TI - Thyroid function after subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism. AB - Among 76 patients who had had a subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism from one to seven years previously recurrent hyperthyroidism was found in three and hypothyroidism in 13. The remaining 60 subjects were clinically euthyroid but a raised level of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; greater than 5-0 mu U/ml) was found in 39. Analysis of the data showed that their serum thyroxine was significantly lower than in the subjects with a normal TSH. The serum triiodothyronine (T-3) was similar in both groups. It is concluded that subjects with a raised TSH remain clinically euthyroid by maintaining a normal serum T-3 concentration. There was no evidence of any long-term progressive deterioration of thyroid function after subtotal thyroidectomy. PMID- 1120224 TI - Editorial: Lumbar puncture. PMID- 1120225 TI - Letter: Screening for hyperlipidaemia in childhood. PMID- 1120226 TI - Letter: Medical graduates in clinical chemistry. PMID- 1120227 TI - Letter: Chronic diuretic therapy and potassium. PMID- 1120228 TI - Letter: New causes of malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 1120229 TI - Letter: Combination chemotherapy for breast cancer. PMID- 1120230 TI - Letter: Geriatric policies. PMID- 1120231 TI - Letter: Order contraceptives and the liver. PMID- 1120232 TI - Letter: Biofeedback therapy for disturbed patients. PMID- 1120233 TI - Letter: Ethics and halothane. PMID- 1120234 TI - Letter: Psychiatric manifestations of giardiasis. PMID- 1120235 TI - Letter: Volume of feeds for infants of low birth weight. PMID- 1120236 TI - Letter: Oral cholecystography: a sign of gall-bladder disease. PMID- 1120237 TI - Letter: Confidentiality of medical records. PMID- 1120238 TI - Letter: Who says was it a drug? PMID- 1120239 TI - Letter: Urethral strictures in women with cystitis. PMID- 1120240 TI - Editorial: Grave threat to N.H.S. PMID- 1120241 TI - Letter: Agoraphobia. PMID- 1120242 TI - Letter: Economies in the N.H.S. PMID- 1120243 TI - Letter: Screening for sickle-cell disease. PMID- 1120244 TI - Letter: Treatment of herpes simplex with co-trimoxazole. PMID- 1120245 TI - Letter: Doctor's pay. PMID- 1120246 TI - Letter: Closed shop. PMID- 1120247 TI - Letter: Trade Union tactics. PMID- 1120248 TI - Use of charcoal haemoperfusion in the management of severely poisoned patients. AB - The clinical use of uncoated charcoal haemoperfusion systems, despite their efficacy, has hitherto been prevented by the occurrence of a number of adverse effects including charcoal embolism and marked thrombocytopenia. Charcoal coated with a synthetic hydrogel overcomes many of the disadvantages associated with the use of uncoated material in that there is a much reduced thrombocytopenia and no evidence of charcoal embolism. Six patients, severely poisoned as a result of overdoses of either a barbiturate or glutethimide, were haemoperfused using such a system. Four made complete recoveries, and the two patients who died had both suffered cardiorespiratory arrests before perfusion. In contrast to haemodialysis charcoal haemoperfusion is simple to initiate, less expensive in terms of manpower and equipment, and gives superior clearance data for all barbiturates and glutethimide. We believe that this technique may have a significant role to play in the management of the severely poisoned patient. PMID- 1120249 TI - A novel tremorigen antagonized by D-amphetamine. PMID- 1120250 TI - A long lasting hyperpolarization evoked in an identified neurone of Helix aspersa. PMID- 1120251 TI - Catechol O-methyltransferase and indolethylamine N-methyltransferase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of dog, cat and human. PMID- 1120252 TI - Localization of the cockroach optic lobe circadian pacemaker with microlesions. AB - Electrolytic microlesions were made at various sites in optic lobes of cockroaches Leucophaea maderae, and animals were assayed for circadian locomotor rhythms. Lesions placed in the lamina or medulla disrupted rhythmicity in only a few animals (3 out of 55). Lesions placed in or near the lobula produced a greater fraction of arrhythmic roaches (18 out of 45). Over half of these lesions either included or were centered in the cell body regions bordering the second optic chiasm and the lobula. The results suggest that the cell bodies and not the neuropile areas of the lobe are the crucial elements of the clock driving the cockroach's circadian activity rhythm. PMID- 1120253 TI - Experimentally induced myelination of amyelinated axons in dystrophic mice. PMID- 1120254 TI - The morphometry of the branching pattern in dendrites of the visual cortex pyramidal cells. AB - An analysis has been made of the three-dimensional branching structure for the basal and apical dendrites of cortical neurons in an adult rabbit. The real branching angles of basal dendrites and apical oblique branches are in the same range, but differ from those of the apical main shaft. Therefore, several different parts of the apical dendrite have to be distinguished on anatomical grounds, coincident with the presynaptic areas distinguished in the literature. The bifurcations of basal dendrites are essentially symmetrical. The mode of outgrowth, however, is non-symmetrical. Redirection of dendrites will, therefore, occur. This redirection is often not complete, so that a large variability of branching angles results. The possible significance of the observed symmetry is discussed. PMID- 1120255 TI - Three-dimensional branching structure of pyramidal cell dendrites. PMID- 1120256 TI - Developmental characteristics of receptive organization in the isolated retina eyecup of the rabbit. PMID- 1120257 TI - Anodal blocking of A-delta tooth pulp afferents. PMID- 1120258 TI - Convergence from Lb, cutaneous and joint afferents in reflex pathways to motoneurones. PMID- 1120259 TI - Mesencephalic dopaminergic afferents to the lateral septal nucleus of the rat. PMID- 1120260 TI - [Obstetrical operations in premature delivers (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120261 TI - [Extrahepatic portal hypertension with pulmonary hypertension in a 22-year-old woman (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120262 TI - [Pelvic arteriography in diagnosis of relapsing gynecological tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120263 TI - [Notes on artificial climacteric in women (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120264 TI - [Tonolytic effect of beta-mimetics in in vitro experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120265 TI - [Coelioscopy in diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120266 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of surgical treatment in imminent abortions and premature delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120267 TI - [Relation between early complications after cesarean section and hemogram values (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120268 TI - [Changes in heart rate and blood pressure at repeated tilting (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120269 TI - [Experiences with hormonal treatment of imminent abortuses and premature deliveries (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120270 TI - [Trichomoniasis in delinquent women (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120271 TI - [Ten years of experiences with the treatment of cervix uteri insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120272 TI - [Convenient employment of lymphography in cancer of the endometrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120273 TI - [Osteomyelitis in children with low birth weight (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120274 TI - [Postpartum hematomas of the genitals (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120275 TI - [Heart diseases in pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120276 TI - [Experimental study on the dermatotropic effect of some derivates of petroleum. III. (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120277 TI - [Dynamics of changes in the mycoflora in the East Slovakia Region during the period of time from July 1, 1954 through March 31, 1973 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120278 TI - [Information concerning the current effort to overcome occupational trichophytosis in the Slovak Socialist Republic (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120279 TI - [Atmospheric microflora of the department of dermatology (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120280 TI - [Hyperhistaminemia on experimental extracorporeal circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120281 TI - [The significance of aldacton for intravenous administration in clinical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120282 TI - ["Hormonal" concentration test of kidney in outpatient practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120283 TI - [Changes in blood clotting in the course of regular labour determined by thrombelastography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120284 TI - [On the problem of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120285 TI - [Penetration and resorption of substances through the skin from the clinical and experimental viewpoints]. PMID- 1120286 TI - [Various genetic aspects of psoriasis]. PMID- 1120287 TI - Synthesis and some biological properties of 1-deamino-4-glu-oxytocin (1-beta mercaptopropionic acid-4-glutamic acid-oxytocin) and its use in preparing a hormone-agarose complex. AB - 1-Deamino-4-glu-oxytocin (1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid-4-glutamic acid - oxytocin) was synthesized by sequential reduction by sodium in liquid ammonia and oxidation by hydrogen peroxide of the octapeptide derivative, S-benzyl-beta mercaptopropionyl-tyrosyl-isoleucyl-gamma-O-benzyl-glutamyl-asparaginyl-S-benzyl cysteinyl-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide. The oxidation analogue was isolated and purified by partition chromatography in two different solvent systems followed by exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-25. It was found to possess approximately 13 I.U. of uterotonic activity, 34 I.U. of milk ejection activity, and 83 I.U. of milk ejection-like activity per milligram, measured on an isolated strip of lactating mouse mammary gland. 1-Deamino-4-Glu-oxytocin was coupled to AH Sepharose 4B by the way of the free gamma-carboxyl group of its residue of glutamic acid. The water soluble 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride caused the coupling with approximately 70% effectiveness. The resultant peptide-agarose complex had low biological potency in the assay of milk ejection-like activity. PMID- 1120288 TI - Insulin control of hepatic glucose production. AB - Insluin injected intravenously caused a rapid, marked decrease in hepatic glucose secretion in the rabbit, as determined by an isotope-dilution procedure. This was associated with a decrease in the concentrations of gluconeogenic intermediates from phosphoenolpyruvate to triose phosphates, inclusive, compatible with inhibition of gluconeogenesis at phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The concentration of glucose 6-phosphate was unaltered but that of hepatic glucose was reduced. The specific activities of the hexose phosphates, relative to that of liver glucose, were the same in control and insulin-treated animals. These observations can be explained by a decrease in the activity of glucose-6 phosphatase. It is concluded that this enzyme is a control point for hepatic glucose production and is inhibited by insulin. In the rat, insulin produced a rapid fall in blood sugar. The hepatic glucose output remained normal despite a fall in hepatic glucose 6-phosphate concentration during the initial period of insulin action. This suggests that glucose-6-phosphate returned to normal with no change in the rate of glucose production. The data suggest that in the rat, insulin produces a transient increase in glucose-6-phosphatase activity. PMID- 1120289 TI - 3-Methyl-2-butenal: an enzymatic degradation product of the cytokinin, N-6-(delta 2 isopentenyl)adenine. AB - An enzyme preparation from immature corn kernels catalyzed cleavage of N-6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenine to give the aldehyde, 3-methyl-2-butenal, as the major side chain derived product. This product, in the form of the semicarbazone, was identical with an authentic product by several criteria: chromatographic behavior, mass and ultraviolet spectra. PMID- 1120290 TI - Metabolism distribution, and disappearance of injected beta-phenylethylamine in the rat. AB - In the absence of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, the bulk of intravenously injected radioactively labelled beta-phenylethylamine was oxidized to phenylacetic acid. In the presence of pargyline, most of the label in tissues remained as unchanged phenylethylamine; small amounts of labelled phenylethanolamine, tyramine and octopamine were also identified. After intravenous injection of [14-C]phenylalanine, only very small amounts of [14-C] phenylethylamine could be located in urine and faeces. Beta-Phenylethylamine became concentrated in all tissues, including brain, following intravenous introduction both in the presence and absence of pargyline. Its clearance from these tissues and from brain regions was very fast. PMID- 1120291 TI - Changes in metabolism of ethanolamine and its derivatives in liver during fasting. AB - The time course of incorporation of radioactivity into liver phosphatidylethanolamine and its precursors was studied following intraportal injection of [1,2-14C]ethanolamine into rats that had been fasted for 24 h and into nonfasted rats. Marked diminution in the labelling of liver phosphatidylethanolamine and CDP-ethanolamine was present in the fasted groups while the radioactivity contained in the ethanolamine and phosphorylethanolamine pools of these livers was increased. The livers of the fasted rats contained significantly higher levels of ethanolamine, phosphorylethanolamine and CDP ethanolamine while choline and phosphorylcholine were decreased. These changes are identical to those which we have described earlier in the livers of nonfasted rats fed a choline deficient diet. In a further experiment, the duration of the fasting period necessary to bring about these changes was studied. Incorporation of radioactivity into liver phosphatidylethanolamine at 2.5 min following intraportal injection of [1,2-14]ethanolamine declined progressively up to 7.5 h of fasting and did not decrease further after that time. There was a concomitant decrease in labelling of CDP-ethanolamine with retention of radioactivity in ethanolamine and phosphorylethanolamine. These results show that the liver metabolism of ethanolamine is altered quite early in the fasting period and suggest that it may be related in some way to the metabolic response to fasting. PMID- 1120292 TI - Identification and distribution of m-tyramine in the rat. AB - A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of m-tyramine in mammalian tissues is described. It involves isolation of the amine by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by conversion to the dansyl derivative, chromatographic separation, and quantitation by the mass spectrometric integrated ion current technique using an isotopically labelled internal standard. The concentrations of m-tyramine in some tissues of male Wistar rats were (mean plus or minus S.D., nanograms per gram): brain 0.32 plus or minus 0.03, heart 0.44 plus or minus 0.13, kidney 12.6 plus or minus 3.4, liver 0.27 plus or minus 0.04, lung 0.33 plus or minus 0.11, spleen 0.25 plus or minus 0.07, and blood 0.15 plus or minus 0.04. PMID- 1120293 TI - RNA polymerase stimulation: effect of aldosterone and other adrenocorticoids on RNA turnover in rat kidney. AB - The results of steroid hormone stimulation of aggregate RNA polymerase ?activity in kidney can be interpreted in terms of either template or enzyme alterations. In order to discover the effect of aldosterone on enzyme or DNA template, the RNA polymerases were purified from kidney nuclei of normal, adrenalectomized or adrenalectomized plus aldosterone treated rats and the activity was determined using different sources of DNA. It was found that the DNA from aldosterone treated rats was transcribed more efficiently than from other sources. Aldosterone does not seem to have a direct effect on the RNA polymerase. Fractionation of ([14-C]aldosterone injected) kidney chromatin revealed the presence of radioactivity in the non-histone acidic proteins and DNA, suggesting the possible binding of aldosterone or aldosterone-receptor complex to these chromatin fractions which may result in enhanced template activity. Turnover of RNA was also studied in various subcellular fractions: nuclei, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, ribosomes and sRNA, in normal, adrenalectomized, and adrenalectomized plus adrenocortical hormone treated rat kidney, by following the loss of radioactivity after a single injection of [14-C]-orotic acid. Daily administration of aldosterone or deoxycorticosterone reversed the effects of adrenalectomy. Daily administration of corticosterone was without effect. PMID- 1120294 TI - Isolation and tissue specificity of chromatin-associated proteins in Vicia faba. AB - A method is described that permits extraction of one class of non-histones in 8 M urea minus 0.14 M mercaptoethanol prior to acid extraction of histones and a second class in 0.05 M Tris -1% sodium dodecyl sulfate following acid extraction of histones. Comparisons of histones and non-histones extracted by this method with those obtained by other procedures demonstrate two important advantages of the method; (1) histones obtained by this method are not contaminated by acid soluble non-histones, and (2) non-histones are not subjected to acid or phenol during extraction. Changes in the distributions of chromatin-associated proteins in different tissues suggest that some species represent regulators of gene action. PMID- 1120295 TI - Exploration of the neck for hyperparathyroidism. AB - A step-by-step plan for exploration of the neck for hyperparathyroidism has evolved during a 15-year experience with 148 patients at the Toronto General Hospital. Selective catheterization of the veins of the neck with parathormone immunoassay has been a valuable aid in preoperative localization and is particularly helpful in those patients who have had a previous neck dissection. The success of the exploration is based on a practical knowledge of the embryology and anatomy of the parathyroid glands, meticulous dissection and the identification of all glands. The "angle of identification", as described, has been helpful in operative localization. The parathyroid gland or glands that are grossly abnormal are excised, and the remaining glands biopsied and examined by an experienced pathologist, expert in quick-section techniques. PMID- 1120296 TI - Hyperparathyroidism-an unusual case. AB - A case of primary hyperparathyroidism is described that presented unusual features. The patient had been treated previously for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and therefore it was necessary to exclude ectopic hyperparathyroidism. The results of the tests generally used to distinguish primary from ectopic hyperparathyroidism-the serum chloride level, the serum calcium response to cortisone suppression and the absence of residual or recurrent tumour-suggested that the patient did have the primary form of the disorder. Exploration of the neck revealed no parathyroid tumour or hyperplasia, and the mediastinal parathyroid adenoma was localized only by determination of parathyroid hormone in the venous drainage from the neck and mediastinum. PMID- 1120297 TI - Comparison of provincial surgical rates in 1968. AB - Studies have been made of age- and sex-adjusted 1968 provincial rates for individual surgical procedures. For elective and discretionary operations, such as tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, hysterectomy, vein stripping and lens extraction, provincial rates varied by approximately 100 percent. Newfoundland, with few surgeons and hospital beds, had the lowest discretionary rates, and Alberta, which ranked hgih both for surgeons and hospital beds, the highest. Interprovincial differences were of smaller magnitude for non-discretionary surgery (radical mastectomy, cesarean section, colectomy., lobectomy, etc.). Ther were statistically significant correlations between numbers of surgeons and elective and discretionary surgical rates and between numbers of hospital beds and bed use in the provinces. The effect of disease prevalence on discretionary surgical rates was minimized because the rates were age- and sex-adjusted. Provincial organization of, and payment for, medical services has been similar. Hence, the ratio of surgical personnel to population in each province is postulated as a major determinant of the differing interprovincial rates. PMID- 1120298 TI - Experimental left gastric vein diversion. AB - Six years' laboratory work resulted in devising a satisfactory experimental technique of direct left gastric-left renal diversion for esophagogastric venous decompression. The procedure was accomplished by interposing an autogenous vein graft between the distal transected left gastric and left renal veins, employing mechanical stapling for the venous anastomoses. A refined technique of left gastric caval diversion provided uniform late patency in a suitable animal model. PMID- 1120299 TI - Effect of intracranial pressure on cavernous sinus flow: a cadaver model. AB - Through an artificially created carotid-cavernous fistula, the cavernous sinus of four suitable cadavers was perfused at a constant input pressure of 50 cm H20 at various levels of intracranial pressure. The flow rate fell 25% at an intracranial pressure of 50 mm Hg but could not be totally arrested even at the extremes of intracranial hypertension. The authors conclude that the cavernous sinus in man is not collapsible. PMID- 1120300 TI - The surgeon and statistics. PMID- 1120301 TI - Repair of radiation damage in Lewis lung carcinoma cells following in situ treatment with fast neutrons and gamma-rays. AB - Lewis lung tumor cells were irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays or cyclotron-produced neutrons in situ as solid s.c. tumors or in vitro as single cell suspensions. Cell survival was assayed by colony formation both in vitro in soft agar and in the lungs of isogeneic recipient mice. Survival curve characteristics measured in vitro were: Do = 111 rads, Dq = 342 rads, n = 22 for gamma-rays, and Do = 61 rads, Dq = 46 rads, n = 2 for neutrons. In situ, the hypoxic fraction was 0.36. Irradiation in situ gave, for the hypoxic subpopulation, Do = 315 rads for gamma rays and Do = 91 rads for neutrons. The oxygen-enhancement ratio for gamma-rays was 2.8 and for neutrons was 1.5. Using the split-dose technique, in which two equal doses were administered, separated by 4 hr chronically hypoxic tumor cells repaired sublethal damage, assayed by leaving tumor cells in situ up to 24 hr posttreatment, could not be detected after neutrons, but after gamma-rays it was observed as a 3- to 6-fold increase in survival. The repair of potentially lethal damage increased the relative biological effectiveness of neutrons from 3.7 at a survival level of 5% when assayed immediately after treatment to 4.7 when assayed 6 to 24 hr after treatment. These observations, primarily limited to the chronically hypoxic subpopulation of tumor cells, suggest that decreased repair of potentially lethal damage as well as sublethal damage may be an important radiobiological difference between the effects of high and low linear energy transfer radiation. PMID- 1120302 TI - Funding: grants or contracts? A survey of cancer scientists. AB - The members of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) were polled for their reactions to the current controversy of funding by research grant versus that by the research contract and to the nature of the scientific review appropriate for the evaluation of both types of applications. About 50% of the members responded; 97% of these felt that additional basic knowledge was absolutely essential or probably essential for the successful pursuit of the goals of the National Cancer Program. Eighty % of the respondents concluded that the funding of such research programs should be derived largely from grants rather than contracts. Most of the participants agreed that there should be a major rather than a minor redistribution of funds toward grants and away from contracts. About 50% of the respondent AACR members currently are being supported by research grants, about 10% receive contracts only, and another 25% of the members have both types of funds at their disposal. The group of contract supported scientists felt less critical of contracts, but about one-half of that group also wished to see more funds going into the grant rather than into the contract programs for the additional support of basic research. There was considerable agreement among all groups of respondents that the review process for contracts should make much more active use of extramural peer evaluation to eliminate scientific inequities now existing between the two instruments for funding of work in cancer research. PMID- 1120303 TI - Pharmacological studies with vinblastine in the dog. AB - Tritiated vinblastine was prepared by catalytic exchange and its metabolism was studied in dogs. Plasma levels of drug fell in biphasic mode with initial and secondary phase half-lives of 17 to 38 min and 3 to 5 hr, respectively. Between 28.6 and 79.1% of plasma tritium was precipitable with cold trichloroacetic acid and thus was presumably protein bound. Blood leukocytes had levels of intracellular tritium between 2.4 and 11.8 times those of the coincident plasma samples. Over a 9-day period, urinary excretion accounted for 12.1 to 16.8% and fecal excretion accounted for 30.1 to 36.1% of the administered radioactivity. Ratios of biliary to plasma radioactivity varied between 7.3 and 56.9, with unchanged vinblastine being the mamor component (46.8 to 80.7%) in the bile. PMID- 1120304 TI - The response of hypoxic B16 melanoma cells to in vivo treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. AB - Survival curves are presented for the treatment of B16 melanomas with a range of single doses of cyclophosphamide (CY), 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), or 1-(2-chloroethyl) 3-trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitro-sourea (MeCCNU). When these four drugs are assessed in terms of the tumor cell kill at the lethal dose to 10% of the mice, MeCCNU is found to be much the most effective, followed by CCNU, and then CY and BCNU together. The superiority of MeCCNU is possibly related to the fact that it seems to be longer lived in the mice than are the other drugs. Combined drug and irradiation experiments have indicated that CY kills both oxygenated and hypoxic cells in the tumor, leaving proportions equal to those in the tumor prior to treatment, whereas BCNU preferentially spares the hypoxic cells. Since hypoxic cells constitute a population of cells that is at a distance from blood vessels, this result suggests that CY treatment of B16 melanomas is not limited by an inability of the drug to diffuse to cells away from blood vessels. PMID- 1120305 TI - Uptake of 67Ga in the regenerating rat liver and its relationship to lysosomal enzyme activity. AB - The uptake of 67Ga citrate has been studied in the regenerating rat liver over a period up to 72 hr after partial hepatectomy. The concentration of 67Ga was found to be maximal (four times that of controls) 42 hr after hepatectomy. This was shown to be related to lysosomal enzyme activity rather than to specific phases of the cell cycle, there being a highly significant correlation (p smaller than 0.001) with aryl sulfatase activity. In both regenerating and normal rat livers, it was shown that 67Ga uptake is reduced when protein synthesis is inhibited by cycloheximide but is unaffected by inhibition of DNA synthesis by cytosine arabinoside. PMID- 1120306 TI - Tissue water content and nuclear magnetic resonance in normal and tumor tissues. AB - Pulsed proton nuclear magnetic resonance was used to differentiate between normal and malignant tissues. When the tissue water content varied from 80 to 93%, the tumors exhibited spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) from 0.9 to 1.8 sec. We report also the results obtained on 9-day-old embryos and on liver, brain, and heart from 2-day-old rats. A good correlation between the spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times and the tissue water content was found for all tissues studied. The relaxation times T1 and T2 and water content in Walker 256 carcinoma and its lymph node metastasis were quite similar. PMID- 1120307 TI - Chemotherapy of the transplantable acute leukemia L5222 in rats. AB - This study presents results of single-drug and combination chemotherapy of the transplantable acute leukemia L5222 in BD IX rats. In leukemia L5222 there is a direct relationship between the number of transplanted cells and mean life expectancy. After single-drug therapy with L-asparaginase, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl) 1-nitrosourea (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, daunomycin, 6 mercaptopurine, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) dihydrochloride, prednisolone, or vincristine, the best therapeutic effect was observed with BCNU and cyclophosphamide. A massive-dose therapy with BCNU repeated twice or a conbination of vincristine with cyclophosphamide or BCNU with cyclophosphamide yielded a high percentage of cures. Morever, leukemia L5222 seems to be suitable for studying the influence of drugs on the proliferation kinetics of leukemia cells. PMID- 1120308 TI - Combination therapy of mouse leukemia L1210 by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and 6-[(4-nitrobenzyl)thio]-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. AB - Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), an inhibitor of nucleoside transport, was tested in combination with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) for therapeutic activity against mouse leukemia L1210. NBMPR alone had no activity, whereas therapy with NBMPR and ara-C in combination was significantly better than with ara-C alone. The therapeutic potentiation resulting from the combination of NBMPR and ara-C appeared to be host mediated since NBMPR alone was not toxic to cultured L1210 cells. NBMPR treatment of normal mice increased the plasma half time of ara-C and decreased rates of urinary excretion of ara-C and 2' deoxycytidine; however, these effects were not large enough to explain the therapeutic potentiation. Because the drug combination appeared to be no more effective than ara-C alone in therapy of mouse leukemia L1210/TG (a thiopurine resistant L1210 subline lacking hyposanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase), the host-mediated therapeutic potentiation was attributed in in vivo breakdown of NBMPR to 6-mercaptopurine. PMID- 1120309 TI - Detection of antibody and complement complexed in vivo on membranes of human cancer cells by mixed hemadsorption techniques. AB - The mixed hemadsorption (MHA) techniques demonstrated antibody and complement fixed in vivo to the surface of human cancer cells. Tumors from 12 cancer patients and normal tissues from 5 cancer patients and 8 patients with cerebrovascular or cardiac diseases were collected from biopsy and autopsy for in vitro testing. Antiserum to human whole immunoglobulins and antiserum to human C3 were used in the MHA techniques. Positive MHA patterns were demonstrated on the surface of cancer cells by both methods. Positive reactions ranged from 12 to 32% in mixed hemadsorption for anitbody detection and from 10 to 34% in mixed hemadsorption for complement component 3 detection. Normal tissues obtained from cancer patients or from patients who died of causes other than cancer rarely exhibited distinct MHA reactivity. Collectively, the data suggest that most human cancers are antigenic in the autologous host and that tumor-associated antigens of cancer cells react in vivo with their humoral antibody to fix complement. PMID- 1120310 TI - Early and late changes in nonhistone chromatin proteins accompanying rat liver regeneration. AB - Chromatin was isolated from 0.025 M citric acid nuclei of regenerating rat liver at 1,5,18,24, and 48 hr posthepatectomy. The total protein to DNA ratios did not change significantly during this time period. However, 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of nonhistone proteins of "Chromatin Fraction II" revealed changes in the amounts of some protein spots. As early as 1 hr after hepatectomy, decreases in size and intensity were detected for protein spots Bp, B24, C18, and CQ, and increases were detected for protein spots CBL and C13. Late changes in size and intensity were found for protein spots BA and CN, which decreased in size and intensity 5 hr after hepatectomy. The spot densities and sizes for most of the nonhistone proteins underwent no significant changes in the course of liver regeneration. The increases and decreases observed in specific protein spots represent an ordered series of changes in a limited number of nonhistone proteins. PMID- 1120311 TI - Thyroid cell proliferation in rats and induction of tumors by X-rays. AB - There are very few proliferating cells in the thyroid gland of normal adult rats, as measured by the labeling and mitotic index. One-tenth % 4-methyl-2-thiouracil in drinking water induced an exponential increase of thyroid weight after a lag phase of 2 days; the increase continued for 8 days and was followed by a plateau phase. The following sequence of events was found for the number of dividing follicular and stroma cells as well as for DNA synthesis: no significant changes during the 1st 2 days, a sharp increase between the 2nd and 8th days, a decrease between the 8th and 14th days, and an almost constant flow until the 24th day. Three-hundred rads of X-rays given to a nonproliferating thyroid gland induced tumor growth in 25% of the animals 18 months after irradiation. The same dose of irradiation, applied to a proliferating thyroid gland, increased the tumor incidence to 30% when administered in the lag phase, to 75% when administered at the peak of the proliferating phase, and to 62.5% when administered at the plateau phase. Subsequent treatment of irradiated animals with 4-methyl-2 thiouracil enhanced the number and the size of the thyroid tumors and lead to the occurrence of more carcinomas than appeared in animals treated with X-rays only or 4-methyl-2-thiouracil only. PMID- 1120312 TI - The benzo(alpha)pyrene deoxyribonucleoside products isolated from DNA after metabolism of benzo(alpha)pyrene by rat liver microsomes in the presence of DNA. AB - Rat liver microsomes (induced by 3-methylcholanthrene) were used to catalyze the binding of tritium-labeled benzo(alpha)pyrene to DNA. Enzymic degradation of this DNA to deoxyribonucleosides, followed by separation of the products by Sephadex LH20 column chromatography, revealed two major products. One of these was shown to be the same as that obtained from DNA with benzo(alpha)pyrene bound following treatment of mouse embryo cells in culture with the carcinogen. Neither product resembled those obtained from DNA that had been caused to react with benzo(alpha)pyrene 4,5-oxide (K-region eposide). The aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity of the microsome preparations was determined and related to the extent of microsome-catalyzed hydrocarbon binding. Inhibitors of the enzyme epoxide hydrase increased this binding but caused the loss of one of the two major products. On the basis of the results obtained, a model is proposed of the mechanism of benzo(alpha)pyrene metabolism and DNA binding. PMID- 1120313 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to 5-fluorouracil following topical chemotherapy of cutaneous cancers. AB - Skin tests to various common antigens, dinitrochlorobenzene, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were performed on patients being treated for cutaneous neoplasms with topical 5-FU cream. Eleven of 15 patients tested both before and after therapy converted from skin test negative to positive with respect to 5-FU. This conversion correlated with positive dinitrochlorobenzene skin tests and therapeutic cure. The relation between the induction of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to 5-FU following treatment with topical 5-FU and the cure rate for cutaneous neoplasms showed a trend toward correlation. PMID- 1120314 TI - Evaluation of a cooperative group human myeloma protocol using the MOPC 104E myeloma model. AB - Data are presented on the response rates, maximum rate of cell kill, and survival rates for individual and groups of mice with MOPC 104E myeloma treated with a variety of chemotherapeutic agents and combination regimens used in clinical human myeloma. The tumor immunoglobulin M measurements are used to evalutae the therapeutic effects of drugs. Prednisolone and mescaline, when given as single drugs, showed no therapeutic action and the animals died of tumor as in the controls. The immunoglobulin M values are very similar and ranged between 8,125 and 13,410 mug/mouse. Prednisolone and melphalan given in combination indicated therapeutic effect. 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-cyclophosphamide prednisolone combination caused tumor regression but was toxic as shown by the immunoglobulin M values and percentage of survival. The complications and potential uses of this system, which utilized only 40 animals in 64 days, are discussed. PMID- 1120315 TI - Metabolism of deoxycytidine, thymine, and deoxythymidine in the hamster. AB - The ability of growing and of mature Syrian hamsters to anabolize (to liver DNA) or catabolize (to 14CO2) graded amounts of [2-14C]deoxythymidine (TdR), thymine, or deoxycytidine (CdR) was measured in vivo. Of the three precursors, CdR labeled DNA most efficiently and, as expected, incorporation of all three into DNA was greater in younger animals. The catabolism of [2-14C]CdR to respired 14CO2 was dose dependent and showed no signs whatsoever of saturation, even with the highest dose (greater than 20 mumoles/g liver). In contrast, TdR and thymine were catabolized more slowly and saturation was approached with modest doses. The excretion of CdR in the urine was low and independent of dose, while excretion of TdR and thymine was greater and was dose dependent. Rats tested with an intermediate dose of CdR did not catabolize significant quantities to 14CO2, but did excrete considerably more [C]CdR into the urine than did hamsters. These and other findings suggest that, while the rat and the hamster metabolize thymine (and TdR as well) in a similar fashion, they metabolize CdR quite differently, probably because the hamster has a much higher level of nucleoside aminohydrolase which deaminates CdR and related compounds. Because the human also has a very high level of this enzyme, the hamster appears to be a superior animal model for the study of cytosine-containing compounds intended for human use. PMID- 1120316 TI - Physiological disposition of pentobarbital in tumor-bearing mice. AB - Pentobarbital depressed macromolecular synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cells in vitro, and this depression was proportional to a decrease in oxygen consumption. However, survival time of animals bearing Ehrlich ascites cells was unaffected by pentobarbital. The acute toxicity of the drug was greatly enhanced by the presence of the tumor. Sleeping time was prolonged in mice carrying the following tumors: Ehrlich ascites, Sarcoma 180 ascites, and Yancy plasma cell solid. Seven day Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing animals treated with pentobarbital slept about three times longer than normal mice, but both groups awoke at the same plasma levels of the unbound drug. The plasma half-life of unchanged pentobarbital was about four times as long in tumor-bearing mice as it was in controls. No qualitative difference in catabolism other than rate was detected. Renal excretion of unchanged pentobarbital in tumor-bearing animals was 50% of control animals during the first 4 hr. In tumor-bearing mice the sleeping time of the nonmetabo ble barbiturate, barbital, was identical with that in normal animals. These data suggest that the tumor affected mainly pentobarbital metabolism. Tumor bearing mice still responded to the pharmacological challenge of phenobarbital with the apparent induction of drug metabolizing enzymes. The prolonged pentobarbital sleeping time in tumor-bearing mice required the development of some type of tumor-host relationship. PMID- 1120317 TI - Importance of the fecal stream on the induction of colon tumors by azoxymethane in rats. AB - The effect of the fecal stream on intestinal carcinogenesis with azoxymethane was studied in male rats. Colostomies were performed approximately 2 cm distal to the cecum in 50 Sprague-Dawley rats to produce a 20-cm segment of nonfunctional large bowel; an additional 50 animals were left intact. Each of these groups was divided equally and was fed a normal diet or a diet containing 2% cholestyramine by weight. All animals were given azoxymethan s.c. At the end of 7 months all rats were sacrificed. The animals with colostomies developed significantly fewer tumors in the defunctionalized bowel than did intact animals in the same bowel segment. Cholestyramine appeared to increase the tumor yield in the large bowel of the intact animals but had no effect on the number of tumors in the defunctionalized bowel. Further, the intact animals on both dietary regimens developed a greater number of large tumors in the distal 20 cm of bowel. The results show that the fecal stream alters the carcinogenic activity of azoxymethane in the large bowel of the rat. It also appears that the carcinogen can reach its target tissue by a route other than the fecal stream. PMID- 1120318 TI - Autoxidation of phorbol esters under normal storage conditions. PMID- 1120319 TI - [Achievements of infectology during the past 30 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120320 TI - [Medical genetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120321 TI - [Vegetable equilibrium in patients with diabetes, with reference to the method of treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120322 TI - [Reumatoid factor in the synovial fluid in reumatoid arthritis. Relations to serum findings, age, sex, duration and stage of the disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120323 TI - [Separation of venous blood erythrocytes in uranium works miners by centrifuging in dextran solution into metabolically young and old mature erythrocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120324 TI - [Various data on blood transfusion in the GDR (German Democratic Republic)]. PMID- 1120325 TI - [Complex care for the workers, a way to social planning]. PMID- 1120326 TI - [Simple model of test line for the study of baloon-counterpulsation effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120327 TI - [Q fever laboratory infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120328 TI - [Calcium balance after stomach surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120329 TI - [Clinical methods for the localization of infection site in patients with bacteriuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120330 TI - [Differences between diabetic patients detected through screening in diabetic families and diabetic patients detected outside the screening. Changes after 1 1/2 years of treatment]. PMID- 1120331 TI - [The immunosuppressive effect of Cytembena in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120332 TI - [Clinical biochemistry in Great Britain]. PMID- 1120333 TI - Immunocytochemical analysis of cells in the pars tuberalis of the rat hypophysis with antisera to hormones of the pars distalis. AB - The objective was to acquire evidence regarding the secretory capacity of cells in the pars tuberalis of the rat pituitary by the application of immunocytochemical staining. For this purpose the conjugated antibody and immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge techniques were utilized with antisera to the following hormones of the pars distalis: human somatotropin, human thyrotropin, human beta-melanotropin, ovine luteinizing hormone (LH), porcine beta17-39 corticotropin, and beta1-24-corticotropin. Only LH-containing cells were demonstrated. They were exceedingly rare in the cephalic pars tuberalis beneath the median eminence. The frequency of LH-cells was greater in the pars tuberalis associated with the infundibulum and increased distally. LH-cells were most common ventrolateral to the infundibular stem and occurred singly and in clusters. These results indicate that following hypophysectomy the portion of the pars tuberalis that remains in situ has the capacity to secrete only LH of all the pars distalis hormones. PMID- 1120334 TI - Aspects of furrow membrane formation in the cleaving Drosophila embryo. AB - During blastoderm formation, the Drosophila embryo produces a large area of new membrane to accommodate the simultaneous demands of approximately four thousand newly cleaved cells. The embryo was examined with the electron microscope at various stages during cleavage in order to investigate the high membrane forming capacity of these cells. Embryos were subjected to the histochemical procedure for the demonstration of thiamine pyrophosphatase. The enzyme was present in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies and the nuclear envelope. No activity could be demonstrated on the furrow surface or at the furrow tip despite closely adjacent reactive cisternae. It is concluded that the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies are not major contributors to the new surface. Lamellar bodies were frequently observed in the cytoplasm of all stages examined. The bodies showed a lamellar periodicity of approximately 3.5 nm, and were ultrastructurally similar in appearance after a variety of fixation procedures. The distribution of these bodies was markedly related to the stage of blastoderm formation. Before the commencement of cleavage, lamellar bodies were very prominent within a region 4--5 mum below the cell surface. As cleavage progressed, the bodies became sparse or absent from this region but were apparent at the base of the blastoderm cells or in the sub-blastoderm region, where they were not previously present. Lamellar bodies with leaflets closely associated with, or in apparent continuity with, the cleavage furrow membrane were frequently observed. In these regions the lamellar periodicity was the same as the thickness of the membrane laminae. It is suggested that these bodies play a role in the synthesis of new membrane in the furrow. Intercellular contact specializations between the developing membranes of the furrow were restricted to incipient desmosones and point contacts where the intercellular gap was reduced to 3 nm or less. PMID- 1120335 TI - Movement of neurosecretory product through the anatomical compartments of the neural lobe of the pituitary gland. An electron microscopic autoradiographic study. AB - Electron-microscope autoradiographs have been prepared from the neural lobes of the pituitary glands of rats which had received intracisternal injections of [35S] cysteine at various times before gland removal. The rate of appearance and disappearance of autoradiographically demonstrable radioactivity in the neural lobe closely paralleled that previously determined, biochemically, for radioactive hormones and neurophysins. Radioactivity was appreciably associated with the undilated parts of neurosecretory axons only during the first few hours after injection of the label. The axonal dilations were subdivided into those in which small vesicles could be seen ("endings") and those in which no small vesicles could be seen ("swellings"). Radioactivity appeared first in "endings" and then in progressively larger and larger profiles of "swellings". It appeared that newly arrived granules were found close to the limiting membrane of the nerve swelling and that as time progressed they moved deeper and deeper into the swelling. On the basis of the results, suggestions were made for an anatomical explanation of the readily-releasable pool of hormone which has been demonstrated pharmacologically. PMID- 1120337 TI - Chloride cells of larval Notonecta glauca and Naucoris cimicoides (Hemiptera, Hydrocorisae). Fine structure and cell counts at different salinities. AB - The chloride cells of the larval waterbugs, Notonecta glauca L. and Naucoris cimicoides L., ultrastructurally resemble the caviform chloride cells of other aquatic insects as well as those of teleost fish. The predominant features are abundant mitochondria, basolateral plasma membrane infoldings and an apical cavity possessing numerous microvilli. After histochemical precipitation of chloride, dense deposits of silver chloride are present in the apical region. The cuticular area overlying the chloride cells is extremely reduced in thickness and differentiated into a plug-like structure. The 1st instars of Notonecta glauca raised from the eggs at various hypo-osmotic salt concentrations have identical numbers of thoracal chloride cells regardless of the external salinity. The number of cells progressively increases with each moult. However, in corresponding larval stages, there is a significant decrease in the number of thoracal chloride cells relative to increases in the external salinity. These results are consistent with the presumptive involvement of the chloride cells in osmotic hyperregulation. PMID- 1120336 TI - Chicken gonadotrophins: their effects on the testes of immature and hypophysectomized japanese quail. AB - Five-week old Japanese quail held under short daylengths (8L/16D) were injected daily for two weeks with 20 mug/day of purified chicken luteinizing hormone (LH) or with one of two chicken follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) fractions. Both intact and hypophysectomized birds were used. After killing, the testes were weighed and fixed for light- and electron-microscopy. Following hypophysectomy testicular weights fell significantly below those of saline-injected controls, indicating that short day conditions are not equivalent to "physiological hypophysectomy", the pituitary-gonadal axis continuing to function at a low level. Chicken LH stimulated differentiation of the interstitium, producing mature Leydig cells containing the full complement of organelles typical of steroid-secretion. In addition it induced some testicular growth caused by spermatogonial division and partial differentiation of the Sertoli cells. This effect was assumed to be a secondary response to androgen secretion but a direct action of chicken LH on the tubules is not dismissed. LH given to intact quail caused greater testicular growth, presumably due to synergism with endogenous hormones. Both chicken FSH fractions induced testicular growth and development; in intact birds the effects were similar to those observed in intact LH-treated birds. In hypohysectomized quail given FSH the testicular weights were greater than in hypophysectomized LH-treated birds and the seminiferous tubules were larger. Sertoli cells were stimulated and pachytene spermatocytes were numerous. Leydig cell differentiation was minimal in all FSH-treated birds, being less pronounced in hypophysectomized than in intact birds. PMID- 1120339 TI - [Immunoglobulins in allergic nasal polyps]. PMID- 1120338 TI - The effect of oestradiol on the DNA synthesis in neonatal mouse uterus and cervix. AB - (3H)-Thymidine autoradiography was used to study the DNA synthesis in the stroma and epithelium in the uterus proper and the uterine cervix of neonatal mice treated with oestradiol. It was found that in the epithelium of the uterus proper the DNA synthesis is stimulated between 6 and 12 h after injection of oestradiol and decreases again at 18 h. In the stroma of the uterus proper the DNA synthesis is increased 18 h after oestradiol injection. In the epithelium and stroma of the uterine cervix the DNA synthesis decreases from 5 h and is strongly depressed 18 h after oestradiol treatment. PMID- 1120340 TI - [Prognosis of postinfluenza small disorders]. PMID- 1120341 TI - [Clinical importance of Staphylococci in tonsillar smears]. PMID- 1120342 TI - [Levels of penicillin in the blood serum and tonsillar tissue after intramuscular administration of penicillin G, procaine]. PMID- 1120343 TI - [Types of butterfly-vestibulometry in Meniere's disease]. PMID- 1120344 TI - [Diagnostic value of Fukuda's test]. PMID- 1120345 TI - [Complex examination of the vocal function]. PMID- 1120346 TI - [Esophagoscopy in modified neuroleptoanalgesia]. PMID- 1120347 TI - [Our experience with the osteoplastic approach in frontal-sinus surgery]. PMID- 1120348 TI - [Calibration of eyes in experimental animals for electronystagmography]. PMID- 1120349 TI - [Age factor in auditory fatigue in occupational hearing disorders due to noise]. PMID- 1120350 TI - [A case of congenital bilateral choanal atresia treated surgically using the transpalatinal approach]. PMID- 1120351 TI - [Primary melanoblastoma of the nasal passage]. PMID- 1120352 TI - [Nasal autoinoculation with Vaccinia virus]. PMID- 1120353 TI - [Long-term follow-up of workers exposed to the hazards of styrene]. PMID- 1120354 TI - [Functional cerebral asymmetry]. PMID- 1120355 TI - [Subclinical paroxysmal activity of exogenous origin]. PMID- 1120356 TI - [Localization of the zero zone and its importance for the development of cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 1120357 TI - [Current knowledge on cerebellar disturbances in childhood]. PMID- 1120358 TI - [Semi-automated determination of urinary 17-oxosteroids in a continuous flow system (author's transl)]. AB - A semi-automated determination of 17-oxosteroids in urinary extracts is described using a modified Zimmerman reaction in aqueous phase according to Epstein. In order to eliminate the interfering chromogens a double manifold and a double-beam colorimeter are used in continuous flow. The spectra and the chromogenecity of seven different 17-oxosteroids are presented. The specificity and the reproducibility of this technique are good and the comparison with gas-liquid chromatography and manual Zimmerman reaction shows a good correlation. PMID- 1120359 TI - An improved benzophenone procedure for the micro-determination of 5,5 diphenylhydantoin in blood. AB - A micro-modification of the benzophenone procedure proposed by Wallace for the determination of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin in blood is described which does not require specialised glassware and avoids the interferance caused by chloroform. In the new procedure 5,5-diphenylhydantoin is extracted from blood with 1,2 dichloroethane, returned to alkali, washed with n-heptane, and oxidised with permanganate in small teflon lined screw capped test tubes containing a layer of n-heptane. The absorbance of the oxidation product (benzophenone) is measured spectrophotometrically on an expanded scale using semi micro cuvettes. The method requires 100-200 mul sample and has a detection threshold of less than 0.1 mg/100 ml. PMID- 1120360 TI - Putrescine, spermidine, N-acetylspermidine and spermine in the urine of patients with leukaemias and tumors. AB - 1. N-Monoacetylspermidine A and B were isolated from human urine. Structures of the isolated compounds were assigned to monoacetylspermidines by analyses of the products of acid hydrolysis and elementary analyses. The identification was confirmed by comparison of the chromatographic and electrophoretic properties and infrared spectra of the isolated compounds with those of the authentic compounds. 2. The concentrations of urinary polyamines were determined by the combination of ion-exchange chromatography and high-voltage paper electrophoresis. The amount of putrescine fell in the range of 1--6;spermidine, 1--3;spermine, 3--15 and N acetylspermidines, 2--10 nmoles/mg creatinine for both sexes and different ages. 3. The amounts of urinary polyamines were measured in patients with cancers. The remarkable increase of urinary spermine was observed in blood cancer, while in the other solid cancers the increase of urinary polyamines was not observed. PMID- 1120361 TI - Modification of an assay for trypsin and its application for the estimation of enteropeptidase. AB - A sensitive method for the estimation of trypsin and enteropeptidase is described. The use of alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide as substrate in combination with the Bratton-Marshall reaction increased the sensitivity of an established method to a degree which permits the determination of enteropeptidase at considerably lower activity levels than heretofore such as those expected in brush border membrane preparations from peroral biopsies of human small intestine. PMID- 1120362 TI - A comparison of results using three commercially available vitamin B-12 radioassay kits. PMID- 1120363 TI - A study of the renal handling and intestinal absorption of dibasic amino acids in a patient with genotype +/11 heterozygous cystinuria and idiopathic hypercalcuria. AB - A case is reported of a patient with idiopathic hypercalcuria who was referred for investigation of renal calculi. Studies of urinary amino acid excretion in the patient and all living members of his family, as well as studies of endogenous renal clearances of dibasic amino acids and cystine in the patient and his daughter, indicated that the patient had genotype +/11 heterozygous cystinuria. Intestinal perfusion studies showed however that the patient was able to absorb L-lysine, L-arginine normally from the jejunum and ileum. This suggests that a difference exists between renal and intestinal handling of lysine and arginine in cystinuria. PMID- 1120364 TI - The determination of beta-aminoisobutyric acid in human serum by ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 1120365 TI - Conversion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and the subcellular localisation of the converting enzyme. PMID- 1120366 TI - The Jaffe reaction. Identification of the coloured species. PMID- 1120367 TI - Copper analysis of nail clippings. An attempt to differentiate between normal children and patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. AB - From 39 normal children and 36 patients, suffering from cystic fibrosis (C/F), the copper content of finger nail clippings and toe nail clippings were determined. From this study it can be concluded that, although the patients with cystic fibrosis (C/F) have a higher copper content, the determination of copper in nail samples cannot be used in order to differentiate between normal children and patients. Also higher mean copper concentrations were found in finger nail clippings in comparison with toe nails. This difference was significant for patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1120368 TI - ATP and muscle enzyme efflux after physical exertion. PMID- 1120369 TI - Isovalerylglycine detection by thin-layer chromatography: additional observations. PMID- 1120370 TI - Specific gas chromatographic measurement of urinary 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. PMID- 1120371 TI - Improved resolution using capillary columns. PMID- 1120372 TI - Ultra-micromethods for the biochemical analysis of cutaneous capillary blood. I. Critical evaluation and application of the Roth fluorimetric determination of plasma or serum bilirubin. PMID- 1120373 TI - Ultra-micromethod for the biochemical analysis of cutaneous capillary blood. II. Elimination of bilirubin and hemoglobin interference in the glucose oxidase colorimetric method for measuring blood glucose. PMID- 1120374 TI - On the specificity of a phosphomolybdic acid spray used in the thin-layer chromatography of amniotic fluid phosphatides. PMID- 1120375 TI - The control of rheumatic fever. PMID- 1120376 TI - Less measles--really down this time? PMID- 1120377 TI - The reading Miscue Inventory. A promising approach to diagnosis of the reading disabled. AB - Reading Miscue Inventory--RMI--opens avenues of dealing with the reading process in a scientific and process-oriented fashion which can lead to further refining of the theoretical base upon which reading is founded as well as providing diagnostic information for use by reading specialists. From such information, reading specialists are able to develop remediation on an individualized basis. Appropriate materials, procedures, and practices are developed from the qualitative analysis of miscues rather than from the information provided by standardized achievement or diagnostic reading tests. In sights are gained regarding a child's ability to use the complex process of reading. Remediation of disability, at the appropriate place in the process, is based on assumptions regarding the interrelationship of thought and language. Reading specialists are looking to psycholinguists for theoretical bases upon which to build models of the reading process. Qualitative miscue analysis is based upon recently proposed notions of the psycholinguistic nature of reading. Common concepts and understanding regarding reading and assessment of reading disability may facilitate learning disability teams in their diagnostic and remedial procedures. Until recently, these discussions have occurred mainly in reading-related research and in education circles, but learing disabilities teams are beginning to participate in the refining and clarifying of these notions of assessment and remediation. Regardless of the eventual outcome, the necessity for considering these views is basic to a fuller understanding of ways in which learning-disabled children may be helped. PMID- 1120378 TI - Complete heart block mimicking seizure disorder. AB - Two patients are described who presented with seizures. Electrocardiogram revealed complete heart block with ventricular asystole lasting four to 10 seconds in each case. These Stokes-Adams episodes were controlled with temporary transvenous pacing. Although there was full clinical recovery in each case, both patients continue to have right bundle branch block (RBBB) and left anterior hemiblock (LAH) 1-1/2 years after their initial presentation. PMID- 1120379 TI - Observations on methadone withdrawal in 16 neonates. AB - The recent extensive use of methadone for treatment of heroin addiction has taught that, in adults, withdrawal of methadone can produce a withdrawal syndrome similar to heroin. After considerable experience with heroin withdrawal in neonates and in view of controversy and limited studies regarding methadone withdrawal, the study herein reported was undertaken to compare the experiences with both heroin and methadone withdrawal symptoms in newborns. A number of methadone-treated pregnant women deliver their infants at Freedmen's Hospital, affording the opportunity to observe neonates born to methadone-addicted mothers. PMID- 1120380 TI - A view of Danish pediatric care. AB - The Danish social system provides competent, accessible, continuous, and coordinated medical care to the pediatric population. The pediatrician does not deal with the routine aspects of well-infant and child care but is rather hospital based and acts on consultant to the generalists in his district. The generalist has the primary role in providing health care to the population in a program where everyone is obliged to participate and no one is excluded or ineligible for any reason. The American obsession with frequent, periodic examinations for infants, children, and young adults does not exist under the Danish pediatric health system. Hospital emergency rooms are used for truly emergent circumstances and not for episodic care. PMID- 1120381 TI - Clinical assessment of liver size in normal children. PMID- 1120382 TI - Naloxone therapy in a seven-month-old with methadone poisoning. PMID- 1120383 TI - Medical services at outdoor music festivals. Risks and recommendations. AB - Those planning provision of medical services should consider the type of music, the anticipated size of the crowd, the locale, the available local resources, the length of the festival, the numbers and types of patients to be treated, and especially the potential criminal and civil liability. PMID- 1120384 TI - Toy safety in hospitals--or beware of parents bearing gifts. AB - Toys are an indispensable component of play therapy for hospitalized children. They can also be dangerous and may result in catastrophic accidents. Extreme care should be exercised in the purchase of "safe toys" for all infants and children in and out of the hospital. The guidelines of the Bureau of Product Safety of the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) dealing with toy safely can be very helpful for child card professionals as well as parents who purchase toys. An explanation of the additional environmental hazards of toys in hospital settings should be an important part of the total in-service training of all personnel who care for infants and children in hospitals. In addition, it might be well for the Division of Product Safety of the FDA to consider criteria for toy safety in hospitals as a separate category in future Bulletins dealing with this problem. PMID- 1120385 TI - The young child who does not talk: observations on causes and management. PMID- 1120386 TI - Postcircumcision phimosis and its management. PMID- 1120387 TI - Imperforate hymen causing pyocolpos in an infant. PMID- 1120388 TI - Letter: Acetaminophen. PMID- 1120389 TI - Letter: Nuance of breast feeding. PMID- 1120390 TI - Letter: Scorpion stings. PMID- 1120391 TI - Fever and hepatosplenomegaly of three month's duration. PMID- 1120392 TI - Disposition of methadone in methadone maintenance. AB - Six detoxified opiate addicts housed in a closed metabolic ward received methadone in stepwise increasing doses of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/day during 1 month. Four were given 14C-methadone at the lowest dose and again at the highest dose. Of the subjects receiving radiomethadone, 2 excreted the major part of the radioactivity in urine and 2 about equally in urine and feces. In addition to methadone, 7 metabolites were isolated and identified in urine and 3 metabolites in feces. About 75% of the urinary and fecal radioactive metabolites were unconjugated. Urinary excretion of methadone and its major N-monomethylated metabolite accounted for 17% to 57% of the given dose. The ratio of metabolite to parent drug increased in 5 of 6 subjects, and the urinary recovery of unchanged methadone decreased during the period. The results indicate that enhanced demethylation of methadone may occur during oral administration to man. PMID- 1120393 TI - Etrophine in man. II. Detectability in urine by common screening methods. AB - A single highly euphorogenic dose of etorphine, 100 mug, was administered subcutaneously to 7 nontolerant subjects, and all urine samples were collected for 1 day prior to and 3 days following drug administration. Samples were analyzed for the presence of opiates by radioimmunoassay (Abuscreen) and homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT), with cutoffs for "ositives" of 40 and 500 ng/ml, respectively. Samples were analyzed for etorphine by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with iodoplatinate preceded by XAD-2 resin extraction (sensitivity = 0.2 mug etorphine/ml of urine) and by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) preceded by organic solvent extraction and trimethylsilyl derivatization (sensitivity = 0.1 mug etorphine/ml of urine). The last pre-drug and first two post-drug samples were also analyzed after acid hydrolysis by TLC and after glucuronidase hydrolysis by TLC and GLC. No sample gave a "positive" opiate result in either immunoassay, and no etorphine was detected in the TLC and GLC analyses of any urine sample. Thus, it is unlikely that the abuse of etorphine could be diagnosed by urinalysis using the common screening methods of radioimmunoassay, EMIT, TLC preceded by XAD-2 resin extraction, or GLC preceded by organic solvent extraction and trimethylsilyl derivatization. PMID- 1120394 TI - Cardiac rate and rhythm changes with atropine and methscopolamine. AB - The effects of methscopolamine bromide (MSB) and atropine were compared in patients prior to elective surgery. After administration of the second dose of MSB (total dose 1.5 mug/kg) all patients exhibited at least 20% increase in heart rate. In contrast, three doses of atropine (total dose 5.3 mug/kg) were required for most patients to attain a 20% increase in heart rate while 2 patients did not attain this heart rate with a dose of 10.6 mug/kg of atropine. Comparison if single injections of MSB and atropine in normal subjects also demonstrated a more reliable dose-response relationship with MSB. Electrocardiographic changes recorded were typical of those reported with anticholinergic agents. Sinus and atrial arrhythmias were more common with atropine and nodal arrhythmias and conduction disturbances were more common with MSB. This study demonstrated that MSB can be reliably substituted for atropine when an anticholinergic drug is needed to increase heart rate. Since MSB has a limited ability to cross the blood brain barrier, it may be the more desirable drug in patients in whom the central nervous system effects of atropine may be deleterious. PMID- 1120395 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of digoxin- and beta-methyl-digoxin-12aplha-3 H in patients with acute hepatitis. AB - Pharmocokinetics and metabolism of digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin have been studied in patients with acute hepatits after intravenous administration of both H-labeled glycosides. In contrast to digoxin, the rate of decline of radioactivity after administration of beta-methyldigoxin was significantly retarded in patients with acute hepatitis. The increase in plasma concentration after beta-methyldigoxin to patients with acute hepatitis is probably related to decreased demethylation. PMID- 1120396 TI - Relationship between digoxin concentrations in serum and saliva. AB - The concentration of digoxin in serum and saliva was determined in 18 patients receiving digoxin. Unlike serum, it was necessary to extract saliva with chloroform in order to quantitate digoxin levels accurately. An excellent linear correlation (r = +0.988, p less than 0.001) was observed between the saliva and serum digoxin concentrations. This indicates that saliva digoxin concentrations can be used to monitor digoxin therapy, particularly in patients in whom blood sampling is inconvenient or difficult. The saliva/serum ratio for digoxin concentration was 0.78 plus or minus 0.07 (SD). Since the digoxin binding to plasma proteins is 23%, it is the free drug that is in equilibrium between serum and saliva. PMID- 1120397 TI - Studies on digitalis. III. Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of digitoxin and its cardioactive metabolites. AB - Simultaneous serum, urine, and bile measurements of digitoxin and its cardioactive metabolites were preformed in 5 cholecystectomized patients with T tube drainage. A 86Rb method was used for serum and urine analysis. The recovery of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites in two extractions with dichloromethane was 93%; 7% was left in bile. Peak bile concentrations had a mean value of 41.6 ng/ml and were seen after 15 to 60 min. Bile concentration was higher than serum and urine concentration after 24 hr. Mean T/2 of serum elimination was 4.3 days and 8.1 days in 5 control subjects (p less than 0.01). Mean urine concentration T/2 was 10.4 days and 7.2 days in the control subjects (not significant). Mean bile concentration T/2 was 3.5 days. Urinary excretion of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites was the same in the two groups. The biliary fistula group excreted 22.5% in urine and bile of a dose after 8 days, whereas it was 15.8% in the control subjects. The ratio between the cumulative excretion in urine and bile varied between 1.6 and 2.2. These findings demonstrate that direct interruption of the enterohepatic circulation leads to a marked reduction in serum half-time of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites, but T/2 is still longer than for other glycosides, indicating that factors other than the enterohepatic circulation are of importance in the slow elimination of digitoxin. PMID- 1120398 TI - Elimination of procainamide in end stage renal failure. AB - To investigate the effect of end stage renal insufficiency and hemodialysis on the serum half-life of procainamide, 500 mg of procainamide was given orally to control subjects and dialysis patients on interdialysis days. Procainamide was assayed by spectrophotometry and spectrophotofluorometry. Mean half-life in normal subjects was 3.2 hr by spectrophotometry and 3.5 hr by spectrophotofluorometry. Mean half-life in patients was 11.3 hr by spectrophotometry and 16.0 hr by spectrophotofluorometry (p less than 0.001 compared to control subjects). Half-life of procainamide during dialysis in patients given 500 mg of procainamide 1 hr before dialysis was 4.3 hr and 9.6 hr on a nondialysis day (p less than 0.001). Both methods of assay gave higher levels of procainamide when the metabolite, N-acetylprocainamide, was present in serum and the extract allowed to stand in 1 N HCl, but spectrophotometry was less affected. Thus, end stage renal insufficiency greatly prolongs the half-life of procainamide, procainamide is readily dialyzable, and N-acetylprocainamide is hydrolyzed in 1 N HCl to procainamide during routine serum determinations. PMID- 1120399 TI - Morphology of gastrointestinal effects of aspirin. AB - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on the ultrastructure of gastric and jejunal mucosa was investigated in patients undergoing gastric surgery and in guinea pigs. The drug caused various degrees of damage to the surface mucous cells in both species perceptible as general signs of cytolysis in situ or as desquanmation. In patients pretreated with aspirin, an increase of secondary lysosomes was noted in the gastric parietal cells but not in the animals. In the intestinal epithelial cells of both species there was a marked increase of multivesicular bodies and the occurrence of transitional stages between the two organoids suggest a functional interrelationship. Since no specific alteration of any cellular organoid was detected, the drug-induced injury is assumed to occur on a molecular level in the cytoplasm. It is concluded that the intracellular concentrations of aspirin in gastrointestinal mucosal cells mechanims but that high drug concentrations may lead to irreversible cell damage. PMID- 1120400 TI - Pharmacokinetics of sulbenicillin, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin. AB - In a pharmacolinetic study on a new semisynthetic penicillin, alpha sulfobenzylpenicillin, sulbenicillin, serum level, serum half-life, apparent distribution volume, renal clearance, urinary excretion, and metabolism were determined after a 4-gm intravenous dose and compared to that of carbenicillin in 5 patients with normal renal function. In the case of sulbenicillin, the mean serum concentration at 1 hr was 157 plus or minus 25 mug/ml, the mean serum half life was 70 plus or minus 10 min, the renal clearance was 95 plus or minus 25 ml/min, and the total urinary recovery after 24 hr was about 80% of the dose. The only metabolite detected in the urine was the penicilloic acid derivative, in an amount usually less than 5% of the dose. Serum values, serum half-live, renal clearances, and excretion pattern did not differ significantly from that of carbenicillin. In 8 patients with decreased renal function (creatinine clearance less than 50 ml/min) there was an inverse correlation between creatinine clearance and serum half-life. PMID- 1120401 TI - Pharmacokinetics of bethanidine in hypertensive patients. AB - The pharmacolinetics of bethanidine-14C was studied in three hypertensive patients. A 25-MG DOSE OF BETHANIDINE-14 C hemisulfate was administered intravenously. Plasma levels of drug were measured over the first 6 hr. In 3 to 4 days, 89% to 94% of the dose was excreted in the urine. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and isotope dilution analysis of the urine samples indicated that only intact bethanidine was excreted. Plasma level and urinary excretion rate profiles had miltiphasic characteristics. Estimated half-lives of the terminal phase ranged from 7 to 11 hr. Average renal clearance over the initial 6 hr approached renal plasma flow. In 2 of the patients, renal clearance between 2 and 4 hr after administration was reduced to one-helf that observed during the initial 2-hr period. After single oral administration of a 25-mg dose of bethanidine-14C hemisulfate, 48% of 61% was excreted in urine and 15% to 48% in feces. Peak urinary excretion rates were reached 6 hr following administration. The urinary excretion kinetics of bethanidine during and after repetive oral dosing was also studied. A 25-mg dose was dividied into 12 to 16 equal doses and administered avery 6 hr. A larger fraction of the cumulative dose was recovered in the urine (72% to 74%) than after the single dose, suggesting higher availability at the lower dose. Steady-state urinary excretion rates were achieved in 4 to 7 doses. The steady-state urinary excretion levels were consistent with pharmacolinetic predictions based on single oral dose data. When 2 of the patients were given imipramine for 2 days prior to an oral 25-mg dose of bethanidine-14C hemisulfate, the terminal half-lives of the urinary excretion rate profiles were shorter than those in the same patients not given imipramine. PMID- 1120402 TI - [Traumatic mitral insufficiency]. PMID- 1120403 TI - [Recording of the potential of the bundle of His in isolated congenital atrio ventricular blocks]. PMID- 1120404 TI - [Electrocardiogram of repetitive infarctions. Apropos of 50 anatomo-clinical cases]. PMID- 1120405 TI - [Myxedema caused by amiodarone; a further case]. PMID- 1120406 TI - [Paroxysmal left posterior hemiblock during an anginal attack. Apropos of 2 cases of transitory Q waves]. PMID- 1120407 TI - [Is the normal electrocardiogram of the black African different from the electrocardiogram of the normal white?]. PMID- 1120408 TI - [Restrictive myocardiopathy: clinical and hemodynamic study]. PMID- 1120409 TI - [Hyperkalemia revealed by Stokes-Adams syndrome]. PMID- 1120410 TI - [Sodium and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1120411 TI - [Late complications, monitoring, treatment of patients with valve prostheses]. PMID- 1120412 TI - The Iowa 500: heterogeneity and course in manic-depressive illness (bipolar). PMID- 1120413 TI - Manifest psychological needs of heroin addicts. PMID- 1120414 TI - Relationships between psychological factors and cardiac rhythm and electrical disturbances. PMID- 1120415 TI - The ontogenesis of intelligence: evaluating the Piaget theory. PMID- 1120416 TI - Diagnosis of schizophrenia: pathognomonic signs or symptom clusters. PMID- 1120417 TI - Rapid intake: a method for increasing retention rate of heroin addicts seeking methadone treatment. PMID- 1120418 TI - Residents' perceptions of inpatient psychiatric care. PMID- 1120419 TI - Why do patients with manic-depressive illness stop their lithium? PMID- 1120420 TI - Nitrous oxide: a psychotogenic agent. PMID- 1120421 TI - A legal-questionnaire study of psychiatric inpatients and medical surgical outpatients. PMID- 1120423 TI - Reflections from the dean's office. PMID- 1120422 TI - Respiratory failure after tracheal reconstruction: a hopeful note. PMID- 1120424 TI - The president's page. PMID- 1120425 TI - Medicine in China. PMID- 1120426 TI - Continuing competence of physicians: progress report. PMID- 1120427 TI - Out of the licensure jungle at last? PMID- 1120428 TI - National Health Service Corps. PMID- 1120429 TI - Congenital and traumatic diaphragmatic hernias exclusive of the hiatus. PMID- 1120430 TI - [Mechanical ileus]. PMID- 1120431 TI - [Value of Child's and Phillips' mesenteric plication in the treatment and prevention of small intestine ileus]. PMID- 1120432 TI - [Infusion therapy of ileus]. PMID- 1120433 TI - [Early gastric carcinoma]. AB - The early gastric cancer can now be diagnosed more frequently by improved methods of roentgenology and endoscopy. At present 16.7 percent of the gastric resections for cancer in our clinic are for early gastric cancers. Indicative clinical symptoms were demonstrable in 25 of our own 27 cases described here. Infiltration of the gastric wall (mucosa- and submucosatype) and lymph-node metastases are important to the prognosis. Intraoperatively, it is essential to localize the tumor unobjectionably and to perform a sufficiently radical resection (generally subtotal gastrectomy and excision of the lymph-nodes). The 5-year-survival-rate totals 70 to nearly 100 percent. Postoperatively controls are necessary for the diagnosis and eventually the treatment of possible recurrence. PMID- 1120434 TI - [Pyloric stenosis caused by gallstone diseases]. AB - During the 15 year period between 1958 and 1973 the authors operated on 21 cases of pyloric stenosis caused by biliary calculi, occuring in 12 percent of their patients suffering from pyloric stenosis. They call attention to the fact that cholecystectomy made in good time can prevent pyloric stenosis being a complication of neglected cases. PMID- 1120435 TI - [Head endoprostheses in femoral neck fractures]. AB - By clinical, radiographic and scintigraphic means we attempted to examine, whether the implantation of a simple head-endoprosthesis after fractures of the femoral neck still has to be considered as an appropriate operating method or whether on principle, primary endoprosthesis should be used. The results prove that in suitable cases and with correct technique the head-endoprosthesis still has justification, especially as the "protrusio acetabuli", known only as complication of pure head-endoprosthesis, is mostly avoidable. Reference to the choice of cases, operating conditions and appropriate methods of examination are given. PMID- 1120437 TI - [Traumatic detachment of the subclavian artery and vein]. PMID- 1120436 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm with damage to median nerve]. AB - A case of iatrogenic dissecting aneurysm in the cubital region causing secondary damage to the median nerve is reported. This aneurysm was caused by an attempted venipuncture, in what can be considered a minor procedure. Such a severe complication is very remarkable, for it has not been observed so far even in much more potentially hazardous procedures as, for instance, in the numerous arterial punctures in the cubital region being daily performed for retrograde angiography of the cerebral vessels. In this case the reduced blood coagulation is discussed as a causing factor of this unusual complication. PMID- 1120438 TI - [Endometriosis of the small intestine simulating recurring appendicitis. Case contribution to the differential diagnosis]. PMID- 1120439 TI - Immunity in colonic tumor patients after operation: determination by leukocyte migration inhibition. AB - Tumor immunity in 31 colonic tumor patients was studied by determining in vitro leukocyte-migration inhibition. In tissue culture 30 per cent inhibition of patient leukocyte migration by tumor antigen could be demonstrated in half of the patients, suggesting that they were immune. This immunity was not related to the clinical or pathologic stage of the disease and varied in different patients. It was transient in some and persistent in others. In addition, a positive response at a fixed time after operation was not found. PMID- 1120440 TI - Ileostomy in the elderly. PMID- 1120441 TI - Pediatric proctology. PMID- 1120442 TI - Gardner's syndrome and fibromatosis: review of the problem and report of a case. PMID- 1120443 TI - Parenteral iron in treating surgical patients and the importance of routine evaluation of serum iron-binding capacity: report of three cases. AB - We have endeavored to show the importance of iron deficiency and to cite a few examples of the systemic effects of such deficiency without anemia. We have shown the need for large-scale screening of patients for iron deficiency and suggest that serum iron and total iron-binding capacity determinations will adequately furnish the vehicle for this purpose. The modes of iron therapy are discussed with the belief that for the surgeon parenteral iron is the best vehicle to replace the deficiency with the least risk. PMID- 1120444 TI - Bowen's disease of the anus: report of two cases. PMID- 1120445 TI - Squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus arising in a giant condyloma acuminatum: report of a case. PMID- 1120446 TI - Clindamycin colitis following clindamycin therapy: report of a case. PMID- 1120447 TI - Stenosis of the colon secondary to pancreatitis: report of a case. PMID- 1120448 TI - Levator syndrome: an analysis of 316 cases. PMID- 1120449 TI - Presidential address: flight from chauvinism. PMID- 1120450 TI - [Effect of metabolites in the water on the endogenous metabolism and sensitivity to hypoxia of tadpoles in relation to the age and conditions of development of donor and recipient]. PMID- 1120451 TI - [Permeability of the sodium channel of biomembranes in the presence of a fixed anion center]. PMID- 1120452 TI - [Effect of the dipeptides carnosine and anserine on the accumulation of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments]. PMID- 1120453 TI - [Electrical activity of hippocampal neurons in tissue culture and its change under the action of serotonin]. PMID- 1120454 TI - [Role of nonlinear optical effects in the process of photoreception of laser radiation]. PMID- 1120455 TI - [Allosteric inhibition of nuclear endoribonuclease activity by a natural inhibitor]. PMID- 1120456 TI - [Determination of the molecular weight of tail sheaths of bacteriophage T2L by the method of sedimentation equilibrium]. PMID- 1120457 TI - [Elaboration of the passive avoidance conditioned reflex and turnover of 14-3-2 and S-100 proteins in the rat hippocampus]. PMID- 1120458 TI - [Effect of adaptation to altitude hypoxia on the growth and indices of higher nervous activity in the progeny of adapted animals]. PMID- 1120459 TI - [Slow spreading depression during cortical punctures]. PMID- 1120460 TI - [Spectral characteristics of halophilic bacteria cultures]. PMID- 1120461 TI - [Structure of steroid glycosides from the roots of Yucca filamentosa L]. PMID- 1120462 TI - [X-organ of lowly organized crustacea]. PMID- 1120463 TI - [Mutations caused by diazomethane derivatives in the gas phase]. PMID- 1120464 TI - [Effect of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on the synthesis and processing of RNA in Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and leukemia L1210 cells]. PMID- 1120465 TI - [Structure of steroid glycosides from Allium norcissiflorum Wills]. PMID- 1120466 TI - [Change in the SH-group content of myelinated nerves with different stimulation conditions]. PMID- 1120467 TI - Effect of thyrocalcitonin on calcium concentration in liver of intact and thyroparathyroidectomized rats. AB - Thyrocalcitonin (TCT; 80 MRC mU/100g) administered SC to intact and thyroparathyroidectomized rats, caused a significant decrease in serum calcium, while increasing the liver calcium concentration. The accumulation of calcium in the liver, induced by TCT, was potentiated by the injection of calcium in both intact and thyroparathyroidectomized rats. In thyroparathyroidectomized rats, the administration of imidazole (30 mg/100 g) produced a significant increase in liver calcium and a corresponding fall in serum calcium. The rise in liver calcium produced by TCT was slightly potentiated by prior administration of imidazole, but was not enhanced by prior administration of theophylline (12 mg/100 g) which caused a significant elevation of serum calcium. These results suggest that the action of TCT on liver calcium does not involve cyclic AMP. PMID- 1120468 TI - Cycloleucine transport in isolated rat thymocytes: in vitro effects of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. AB - Thymocytes obtained from suckling or young adult rats were used as a model system to study the action of thyroid hormones in vitro. In this tissue, L triiodothyronine (T3) increased the uptake of the non-metabolizable amino acids, alpha-aminoisobutyrate and cycloleucine. A detectable effect of T3 on the uptake of cycloleucine was seen at a concentration of 0.1 muM and maximum effects were seen at 20 muM. Thyroxine (T4) also increased cycloleucine uptake with about one third the potency of T3, and this effect could not be ascribed to conversion of T4 to T3. In contrast, L-monoidotyrosine and L-diiodotyrosine were without effects on transport. Kinetic studies indicated that T3 enhanced uptake by inhibiting amino acid efflux; no effect was seen on influx. The effect of T3 on amino acid uptake was evident within 1 min, and was not inhibited by either prior treatment of the cells with cycloheximide or by lowering the incubation temperature from 37 to 24 C. In other studies, when T3 was injected into rats in vivo at a dose of 20 mug/100 g, the uptake of cycloleucine was enhanced in thymocytes obtained 1 h later. These data suggest that thyroid hormones can directly influence amino acid transport in rat thymocytes. This effect is prompt, is independent of new protein synthesis, and may reflect a direct interaction with specific components of the cell membrane. PMID- 1120469 TI - Arginine vasotocin in the rabbit subcommissural organ. AB - Subcommissural organs of young and mature rabbits were analyzed for their content of arginine vasotocin by radioimmunoassay. Younger animals had significantly greater quantities of this peptide. There was no detectable arginine vasopressin or oxytocin in subcommissural organ extracts. It is concluded that the subcommissural organ represents, in addition to the pineal and the fetal neurohypophysis, another significant source of arginine vasotocin in the mammalian central nervous system. PMID- 1120470 TI - Thyrocalcitonin injection to rats increases the liver inorganic phosphate. AB - The mechanism of the hypophosphatemic effect of thyrocalcitonin (TCT) is uncertain and may involve removal of inorganic phosphate (P1) from the plasma by heretofore unidentified organs. Rats, 192 g. thyroparathyroidectomized 16-24 h earlier, received 100 MRC mU TCT or vehicle (V) SC and 100 muCi 32PO4 iv. One h later plasma and tissue samples were collected. Compared to rats which received V, TCT-treated rats had lower plasma P1 (-0.36 plus or minus 0.08 mumol/ml, P smaller than 0.001) and Ca, higher liver P1 (+0.66 plus or minus 0.19 mumol/g, P smaller than 0.01) and unchanged red blood cell and rectus abdominus P1. TCT had no significant effect on the amount of perchloric acid soluble phosphate in any of the tissues. TCT-treated rats had lower plasma 32P1 (cpm/ml) and higher liver 32P1 (cpm/g) with no significant changes in specific activity (SA). TCT caused a small decrease in muscle 32P1 SA. There were no significant changes in the 32P (cpm/g) or 32P SA of the acid soluble phosphate fraction of any of the tissues. The results suggest that a portion of the hypophosphatemic effect of TCT can be accounted for by the increased P1 level in the liver. PMID- 1120471 TI - Catechol estrogen formation in the central nervous system of the rat. AB - Conversion of estradiol and estrone to catechol estrogens by rat hypothalamic tissue but not by the cerebral cortex was demonstrated from the incubation of these tissues with estradiol-2-3H and estrone-2-3H and monitoring the incorporation of tritium into water. Direct evidence for this transformation was obtained by isolating the labelled phenazine derivative of 2-hydroxyestrone after hypothalamic incubation with estrone-4-14C. PMID- 1120472 TI - The effect of fetal hypophysectomy on placental biosynthesis of progesterone in rhesus. AB - Placental slices from intact rhesus fetuses were incubated without added substrate. The incubated tissue levels of progesterone (P4) differed according to the sex of the fetus. Slices from female placentas contained significantly more P4 than did those of males. The addition of pregnenolone (P5) to the incubation media caused tissue levels of P4 to increase 1.5 to 3 times control tissue levels for both female and male placentas. Moreover, the sex difference in P4 biosynthesis was eliminated by adding P5 to the incubations. Since control incubations of male placental tissue produced less P4 than those of females, the net increase in P4 synthesis with added P5 was greater for male than female placental tissue. These observations indicated that the step(s) in P4 biosynthesis which were affected by the fetal genotype lay between cholestrol and P5. Incubation of placental slices derived from decapitated fetuses secreted significantly less P4 into the incubation medium than those of intact fetuses. Moreover, the sex difference in the media content of P4 was eliminated. However, decapitation did not eliminate the sex difference in the tissue content of P4 during control incubations. When P5 was added to the incubations, media and tissue levels of P4 increased significantly over control levels for placentas from both sexes. However, the addition of P5 to the incubations from decapitated males did not restore P4 production in the tissue or the medium to levels observed for intact males. However, this did occur when P5 was added to incubations from decapitated females. It appears that fetal decapitation decreased cholesterol side chain cleaving activity and delta5-3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase content of the placenta. These data indicate that hormones of fetal origin may control P4 production by the placenta. PMID- 1120473 TI - Regulation of pineal rhythms in chickens: refractory period and nonvisual light perception. AB - Pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content exhibit marked daily rhythms in chickens; peak values occur during the period of low locomotor activity which coincides with dark in a 24-h light-dark regime. We studied the regulation of these daily rhythms by measuring pineal serotonin N acetyltransferase activity, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activity, and melatonin content in experiments in which birds were exposed to light-to-dark and dark-to-light transitions at atypical times. We observed that there is a refractory period for dark-initiation of the increase in pineal N acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content. We also learned that a dark-to light transition causes a rapid decrease in dark-elevated pineal N acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content. The rapid decrease occurs in blinded chickens as well as sighted ones. HIOMT activity did not change consistently in any of the experimental treatments. PMID- 1120474 TI - The interaction of castration and photoperiod in the regulation of hypophyseal and serum gonadotropin levels in male golden hamsters. AB - Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in intact and castrate adult male hamsters maintained on photostimulatory (LD 14:10) and non-photostimulatory (LD 6:18) light:dark cycles to assess the interaction of photic stimuli and gonadal hormones on pituitary gonadotropin release. Immunoreactive serum LH and FSH levels increased 1.6- and 8-fold respectively, within 3 days after photostimulated hamsters were castrated. In contrast, castration failed to alter serum LH concentration and had only a slight, if any, effect on FSH concentration in hamsters exposed to nonstimulatory photoperiods that induced testicular atrophy. In a second experiment, male hamsters previously maintained on LD 14:10 were castrated, transferred with intact animals to LD 6:18, and killed periodically over 60 days. In intact animals, pituitary content and serum levels of LH and FSH declined substantially during exposure to the non stimulatory LD 6:18 cycle. In castrated animals, serum LH and FSH levels which had increased 2- and 8-fold in response to the castration eventually declined to about the levels found in the intact initial control animals. In contrast to serum gonadotropins, the increased hypophyseal content of LH and FSH following castration was not reduced during exposure to LD 6:18. Exposure to nonstimulatory photoperiods does not alter the increased hypophyseal LH and FSH content observed after castration. However, our results indicate that exposure to short days renders the hypothalamic-hypophyseal neuroendocrine system governing gonadotropin release relatively insensitive to gonadal steroid hormone feedback. PMID- 1120475 TI - Differential responses of prelactating and lactating mammary gland to similar tissue concentrations of progesterone. AB - Serum and mammary tissue concentrations of progesterone and 20alpha-hydroxy-4 pregnen-3-one (20alpha-OHP) were measured by competitive protein-binding assays and gas-liquid chromatography, respectively, in pregnant and lactating rats. The concentration of progesterone in mammary tissue of pregnant rats closely paralleled the serum concentration, particularly when tissue concentration was expressed as ng/mg DNA. The variability in tissue progesterone on the last day of pregnancy was relatively great, but there was a good inverse relation between the appearance of lactose and the progesterone concentration. Serum progesterone levels declined to their lowest values at 1-3 days of lactation (10 plus or minus 1 ng/ml); the tissue concentration declined even more rapidly after parturition. The tissue 20alpha-OHP concentration, which was more closely related to serum progesterone among animals than to serum 20alpha-OHP, remained high after parturition suggesting that the presence of 20alpha-OHP has no effect on lactogenesis and that progesterone is decreased in the tissue by 20alpha reduction. Following postpartum ovulation, serum progesterone increased to 74 plus or minus 6 ng/ml at 6-9 days of lactation; tissue progesterone also increased to levels found in rats pregnant 14-19 days, yet no change in lactose content of the glands of suckled rats occurred, and the biosynthetic capacity in terms of the RNA/DNA ratio increased. Serum 20alpha-OHP also rose, but the tissue concentration was unchanged, suggesting that saturating levels were present throughout pregnancy and lactation. Since no rapid increase in DNA was associated with lactogenesis, differentiation of nonsecretory parenchymal cells into daughter cells with the secretory capacity must occur earlier in pregnancy. Progesterone, therefore, must inhibit lactogenesis by preventing expression of the genetic potential of daughter cells. Once differentiation has been completed, however, the presence of progesterone in the tissue has no effect on the biosynthesis of milk constituents. PMID- 1120476 TI - Time course of the effect of adrenalectomy on transcortin binding characteristics: appraisal of different methods of calculation. AB - The time course effect of adrenalectomy on the transcortin-corticosterone association constant (KT), its concentration of binding sites (ST) and the corresponding binding constant (SAKA) of albumin has been investigated by equilibrium dialysis at 37 C on plasma samples collected 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 144 h after adrenalectomy in male adult rats. The data have been analyzed by 3 different methods: a graphical Scatchard analysis using bound over unbound versus bound as representation axes and 2 least squares minimization methods in which axes were, respectively, bound over total versus mass of corticosterone added and total versus unbound. Confidence regions can be computed in the last two methods allowing the statistical comparison of the different dialysis experiments. Results obtained by the three methods are quite similar and led to the conclusions that following adrenalectomy KT was constant while ST varied. The observed pattern was a decrease until the first 24 h followed by a rise reaching almost twice the control value at 144 h. It would also appear that SAKA decreases slightly within 24 h following adrenalectomy. PMID- 1120477 TI - Hormonal regulation of isoenzymes of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta galactosidase during spermatogenesis in the rat. AB - Isoenzymes of beta-galactosidase and of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were assayed during development of rat testis and as a function of hormonal treatments. Isoenzyme 1 of beta-galactosidase was highest in specific activity in the 4-day-old testis, at a point when Sertoli cells and gonocytes were the predominant cell type. Beta-galactosidase II, previously shown to be associated with the sperm acrosome, was undetectable through the spermatocyte stage of development, but increased in specific activity during the formation of spermatids. The specific activities of isoenzymes I and II of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase increased markedly in association with the formation of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, and then declined with the appearance of spermatids. Following hypophysectomy of rats at 26 days of age or in adulthood the specific activities of the lysosomal enzymes beta-galactosidase I and N acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase I and II increased markedly, while the acrosomal beta galactosidase II was undetectable. The normal patterns of isoenzyme distributed were restored completely by administration of LH and FSH or testosterone to hypophysectomized animals. These results thus demonstrate specific patterns of isoenzyme concentration during spermatogenesis. Formation of the acrosome in developing spermatids is associated with the induction of new forms of beta galactosidase (isoenzyme II) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (sperm isoenzyme). These molecules appear to be specialized forms which may participate in fertilization, and their induction is dependent upon the actions of gonadotropins or testosterone. PMID- 1120478 TI - Cellular localization of 5alpha-reductase and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the seminiferous tubule of the rat testis. AB - Seminiferous tubules isolated from normal adult rats converted (14C) testosterone to (14C) androstanediol and (14C) androstenedione as the major metabolites; (14C) dihydrotestosterone and (14C) androsterone were produced in lesser amounts. Tubules from immature rats (26-28 days of age) converted a higher proportion of (14C) testosterone to 5alpha-reduced products than did tubules from adult rats. Spermatocyte-enriched preparations contain 5alpha-reductase. The lower level of 5alpha-reductase activity in spermatid-spermatocyte preparations indicates that this enzyme is low or absent in spermatids. Sertoli cell-enriched preparations contain 5 alpha-reductase and a high level of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The results show that spermatocytes and Sertoli cells have the capacity to metabolise (14C) testosterone to 5alpha-reduced products; dihydrotesterone is the major product formed by spermatocytes, whereas in Sertoli cells further metabolism to 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol occurs. PMID- 1120479 TI - Glucocorticoid inhibition of sulfate incorporation by cartilage of normal rats. AB - The effects of dexamethasone, cortisol, and deoxycorticosterone on sulfate incorporation by cartilage of normal rats were determined. In vivo dexamethasone was a more potent inhibitor than cortisol, and deoxycorticosterone in the dose tested was ineffective. In vitro dexamethasone and cortisol were inhibitory in concentrations of 10-8 and 10-7M, respectively, when sulfate incorporation was measured after 24 h of incubation. Dexamethasone was at least 10 times as potent as cortisol. Deoxycorticosterone was inhibitory in a concentration of 10-4M. It is concluded that inhibition of mucopolysaccharide synthesis in cartilage of normal rats by adrenal cortical steroids or their analogs, both in vivo and in vitro, is correlated with glucocorticoid activity. PMID- 1120480 TI - Microtubules and the intracellular conversion of proparathyroid hormone to parathyroid hormone. AB - The effects of several compounds which interfere with cellular microfilaments and microtubules on the conversion of proparathyroid hormone (ProPTH) to parathyroid hormone (PTH) were examined in slices of bovine parathyroid slices incubated in vitro with 3H-leucine. Inhibitors of microtubular function, vinblastine and colchicine, increased the ratio of 3H-labeled ProPTH to PTH in the tissue by 2- to 3-fold. Cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of microfilaments, was without effect. Concentrations of colchicine as low as 10-6M maximally increased the ratio of ProPTH to PTH, whereas lumicolchicine, an analogue of colchicine which does not affect the function of microtubules, had no effect at concentrations as high as 10-4M. The increased ratio of ProPTH to PTH was due partly to a stimulation by vinblastine and colchicine of the incorporation of 3H-leucine into ProPTH but not into general protein. However, after short incubations of parathyroid tissue with 3-H-leucine, the amount of 3H-labeled PTH was less in colchine-treated incubations than in control incubations. In the presence of vinblastine, after a 20-min incubation of parathyroid slices with 3H-leucine and vinblastine, ProPTH was not completely converted to PTH by an additional 90-min "chase" incubation with unlabeled leucine while a 20-min "chase" incubations is sufficient to convert essentially all the ProPTH to PTH in control incubations. These data suggest that the increased ratio of ProPTH to PTH is also due to a partial inhibition of the conversion ProPTH to PTH by vinblastine and colchicine. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that microtubules facilitate the transport of newly synthesized ProPTH to its intracellular site of cleavage to PTH. PMID- 1120481 TI - An inhibitory influence of granulosa cells and follicular fluid upon porcine oocyte meiosis in vitro. AB - Isolated oocytes will resume meiosis spontaneously in vitro whereas follicle enclosed oocytes will remain in the dictyate stage when cultured unless they have been exposed to gonadotropins in vivo or in vitro. To examine the source of the follicular inhibitory influence, porcine oocytes have been cultured alone, with hemisections of follicle wall, granulosa cells, or with follicular fluid. Oocytes isolated from medium-sized (3-5 min) follicles resumed meiosis when cultured; 77.5 plus or minus 3.4 percent matured beyond the dictyate stage. When oocytes were cultured in the presence of follicle wall hemisections of medium and large (6-12 mm) follicles, the percentage of maturing oocytes was significantly reduced. The maturation of oocytes cultured in a medium containing 50 percent follicular fluid from small or large follicles was significantly inhibited. Resumption of meiosis was completely inhibited by co-culture of isolated oocytes with 10-7 granulosa cells from small, medium or large follicles. Addition of serially diminishing amounts of granulosa cells from 10-7 to 10-4 cells reduced the inhibitory influence. It is concluded that the granulosa cells are responsible for the maintenance of the oocytes in the dictyate stage within the follicle. The granulosa cells appear to exert their inhibitory influence upon meiosis by secretion of a chemical message into follicular fluid. PMID- 1120482 TI - Hypothalamic 24-hour rhythms in histamine, histidine, decarboxylase and histamine N-methyltransferase. AB - Twenty-four hour rhythms of histamine (H), its biosynthetic enzyme, L-histidine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.22, HD) and its inactivation enzyme, histamine N methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8, HMT) were assayed in the 63-day-old male rat hypothalamus using a modified single isotopeenzyme microassay. H was found to have a 24-h rhythm with a maximum concentration at 11:00 h (lights on 10:00-22:00 h) and a minimum at 23:00 h. In vitro HD and HMT activities were also found to have 24-h rhythms with peak activites in both occurring at 04:00 h. HMT also had a broad secondary peak throughout the day, whereas HD activity during the day was dominated by a mid-light trough at 16:00 h. These rhythms are considered significant for evaluation of the control and physiological role of histamine in the mammalian hypothalamus. PMID- 1120483 TI - Steroid hormone-responsive, isolated endometrial cells. AB - Addition of estradiol-17beta in vitro to suspensions of isolated endometrial cells resulted in significant effects on glucose, water and electrolyte metabolism. Cells were prepared from uterine tissues of ovariectomized rats. In part, the procedures involved incubation with collagenase in Ca2+-, Mg2+-free, phosphate-buffered mammalian Ringer's solution, followed by restoration of divalent cations before gentle scraping of the endometrium from the underlying smoothmuscle. Cells were then disaggregated, washed, separated from coarse and fine debris, and incubated in an enriched medium for 2 h before the start of all experiments. Cellular integrity was established by measurement of electrolyte contents and by dye exclusion methods. Substantial production of 14CO2 from glucose-U-14C by the cell suspensions provided further evidence of cell viability. Estradiol-17beta, 10-9M, elicited significant increments in sodium and water contents within 2 h. Addition of estradiol-17beta, but not the alpha epimer, also resulted in a significant increase in the yield of 14CO2 as early as 1.5 h, peaking at 2 h. The responses were dose-dependent between 10-10M through 10-8M. The stimulatory effect of estradiol-17beta at 10-9M was abolished in the presence of 3 times 10-6M cortisol or by cellular homogenization. Epithelial cells isolated from rat urinary bladder responded significantly to 6 times 10-9M aldosterone but not to estradiol-17beta, demonstrating specificity of the target site. These data lend further support to the suggestion that a primary action of estrogen in its target cell involves specific changes in the ionic and biochemical profile of the cytoplasm which may ultimately be communicated to the nucleus. PMID- 1120484 TI - Steroid levels in follicles and the plasma of hens during the ovulatory cycle. AB - Laying hens were killed at hourly intervals during the 26-h laying cycle. The 3 largest follicles of the size hierarchy were removed and plasma samples were obtained from the same hens. The follicle walls and the plasma were assayed by RIA for estrogen (E), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T). The data show that for E and T there is an inverse relationship between follicle size and hormone concentration. There is no such difference for P4. Both E and T show a significant drop immediately after ovulation; P4 does not. Both T and E concentrations rise significantly and synchronously at about 4 and at 8 h after ovulation. The OAAD assay of plasma shows a peak of LH about that time. P4 does not show such a rise in concentration. About 8 to 10 h prior to the next ovulation T concentration in all 3 follicles begins to rise, P4 rises only in the largest follicle and E only in the smallest. All three steroids reach highly significant peaks about 4 to 6 h prior to the next ovulation. Both OAAD and RIA detect plasma LH peaks at about that time. Plasma E and follicle E peak synchronously at 4 to 8 h; T peaks occur at 10 to 12 h after ovulation and are asynchronous with the T follicle peaks. All 3 steroids begin to rise in the plasma about 10 h prior to the next ovulation and all 3 peak together about 4 to 5 h prior to ovulation. The present data do not allow to distinguish between rates of steroid synthesis and their release into the plasma. Whether the steroid peaks occurring in both follicles and plasma shortly before the next ovulation are caused by LH or are the cause of its release remains to be determined. PMID- 1120485 TI - Effect of LH injection on plasma and follicular steroids in the chicken. AB - During the 26-h laying cycle of the hen the three sex steroids, progesterone (P4), estrogen (E), and testosterone (T), show peaks and valleys in both the follicle wall and the peripheral plasma. Furthermore, for E and T (but not for P4) at comparable times, there is an inverse relationship between the size of the follicle and the concentration of these hormones. Shortly before ovulation all three steroids peak in synchrony, at other times only E and T rise and fall together while P4 shows no change. The question arose whether similar changes in steroid synthesis can be produced by exogenous LH. A single injection of 25 mug of ovine LH was given to laying hens at a time of the laying cycle when no natural peaks of the steroids are seen. The hens were killed at 5, 30, or 90 min after injection and the walls of the three largest follicles as well as the plasma of these hens were assayed by RIA for P4, T, and E. Both the follicle walls and the plasma showed highly significant (P smaller than 0.005) increases in T and P4 but not in E, even though E does show significant changes during the normal cycle. The reason for this difference in response of the steroids is being investigated. The 3 largest follicles respond to exogenous LH in the same size order as do untreated hens during the cycle. The conclusion is drawn that peaks of T and P4 normally seen are due to endogenous releases of LH while E seems to be controlled differently. PMID- 1120486 TI - Optimal statistical design of radioimmunoassays and competitive protein-binding assays. AB - The statistical analysis of radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding assay data is complex. Because the response variable (percent counts) is not lineraly related to log dose, a logit transformation of the response variable usually is performed to permit linear regression analysis. This transformation induces marked heterogeneity of variance, so that iterative weighted regression programs have been used to achieve the best standard curve and the most precise dose estimates of unknowns. In this study several parameters of assay design are investigated in order to establish those designs yielding antigen concentration estimates of highest precision as well as estimates of comparable precision by either simple linear regression analysis or by the more complex weighted regression technique. Unknown estimates of highest precision are obtained when 1) the present counts of the standard doses covers a range of approximately 80 percent to 20 percent, 2) the number of standard dose levels is eight or more, 3) the number of replicates at each dose level is two or more, and 4) the percent counts of the unknowns also are within the range 80 percent ot 20 percent. Under these conditions, also, simple linear regression yields unknown estimates of comparable precision to weighted regression and therefore may be safely used. PMID- 1120488 TI - Placement in regular programs: procedures and results. PMID- 1120487 TI - Research implications for communication deficiencies. PMID- 1120489 TI - Testing those in the top percentiles. PMID- 1120490 TI - Placement of black and white children in educable mentally handicapped classes and learning disability classes. PMID- 1120491 TI - "I wouldn't have seen it if I hadn't believed it". PMID- 1120492 TI - Locus of control: implications for special education. PMID- 1120493 TI - Structure of uperolein, a physalaemin-like endecapeptide occurring in the skin of Uperoleia rugosa and Uperoleia marmorata. PMID- 1120494 TI - Effect of nucleoside di-and triphosphates and MgCl2 on the activity of 5' nucleotidase from bull seminal plasma. PMID- 1120495 TI - Synthesis of nuclear proteins in ram spermatids. PMID- 1120496 TI - Regional distribution of adenine nucleotides, glycogen, glucose and lactate in the adult rat brain. PMID- 1120497 TI - Metabolism in Porifera IV. Biosynthesis of the 3 beta-hydroxymethyl-A-nor-5 alpha steranes from cholesterol by Axinella verrucosa. PMID- 1120498 TI - Inhibition of liver aldehyde dehydrogenase by pyrogallol and related compounds. PMID- 1120499 TI - Metabolism of norethynodrel in thrombophlebitic-thromboembolic subjects. PMID- 1120500 TI - Zygotic mortality in Ellobius lutescens (Rodentia: Microtinae). PMID- 1120501 TI - Genetic control of erythrocyte esterase (Es-1) in the Pinon mouse, Peromyscus truei (Shufeldt). PMID- 1120502 TI - Maturation divisions with double the somatic chromosome number in the privet mite Brevipalpus obovatus. PMID- 1120503 TI - Effects of high gravity on Amoebae, II. Organelle distribution and division inhibition in Pelomyxa carolinensis. PMID- 1120504 TI - An electron microscope autoradiographic investigation of the accumulation of zinc 65 by a species of Eutreptia. PMID- 1120505 TI - Boron tolerance and enhancement of boron toxicity by chloride ions in alkali sacaton during germination of Sporobolus airoides Torr. PMID- 1120506 TI - [Panorpa communis L. and Panorpa vulgaris Imhoff and Labram, two types]. PMID- 1120507 TI - Presence of neurosecretory cells in the vegetative nervous system of Dendrobaena atheca Cernosvitov. PMID- 1120508 TI - The influence of proteolytic enzymes on the phosphorylation of rat liver histones. PMID- 1120509 TI - Cytotoxicity of new cytochalasans from Chaetomium globosum. PMID- 1120510 TI - [Influence of the type of growth medium on steroid reduction in Actinomycetales]. PMID- 1120511 TI - Thiabenzazonium, a new 1,5-benzodiazepine derivative with antimicrobial activity. PMID- 1120512 TI - Paracrystallization of actomyosin. PMID- 1120513 TI - Simultaneous recording of heat and fluorescence following contraction of isolated cardiac muscle. PMID- 1120514 TI - Temperature sensitivity of bromosulphophthalein clearance by the liver. PMID- 1120515 TI - [Rhythmical changes in the reaction to various olfactory stimulants in the frog (Xenopus laevis)]. PMID- 1120516 TI - [Demonstration of Reflex-bleeding in fire-flies (Coleoptera) by help of radioactive tracers (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120517 TI - Hydrolysis of sex pheromone by the antennae of Trichoplusia ni. PMID- 1120518 TI - Lizard lungs: CO2-sensitive receptors in Tupinambis nigropunctatus. PMID- 1120519 TI - [Action of parathormone on arterial pressure and on contraction of isolated aorta in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120520 TI - Mammalian pineal gland: 7-day rhythmic activity? PMID- 1120521 TI - Uncoupling of heart cells produced by intracellular sodium injection. PMID- 1120522 TI - A comparison of the composition of epididymal plasma from the cauda epididymidis of the rat, hamster and guinea-pig. PMID- 1120523 TI - Methyl 6-methyl salicylate: identification and function in a ponerine ant (Gnamptogenys pleurodon). PMID- 1120524 TI - DNA repair synthesis following exposure of guinea-pig pancreatic slices to methyl N-nitrosourethane in vitro. PMID- 1120525 TI - Identification of crystals of the rimino-phenazine compound B663 (Lamprene: clofazimine) in mouse spleen macrophages by thin layer chromatography and mass spectrum analysis. PMID- 1120526 TI - Teratogenicity study in rats given high doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) during organogenesis. PMID- 1120527 TI - Destruction of triplet nitrenium ion by ascorbic acid. PMID- 1120528 TI - Pentobarbital anaesthesia. Effects on blood sugar, serum immunoreactive insulin and free fatty acid responses to glucose. PMID- 1120529 TI - Temperature dependent aqueos solubility of actinomycin D. PMID- 1120530 TI - Vesiculation of the nuclear envelope of the liver and kidney of the mouse. PMID- 1120531 TI - Nicotine and placental iron transport. PMID- 1120532 TI - [The significance of the cis-aconitic acid for the biological inactivation of the 3,4-benzopyrene cancerogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120533 TI - Inhibition of mucous metaplasia in the skin tumor keratoacanthoma by continual applications or puromycin. PMID- 1120534 TI - Inhibition of tumorigenesis by topical application of low doses of vitamin A acid and fluorouracil. PMID- 1120535 TI - Lymphocyte transformation studies of sea mammal blood. PMID- 1120536 TI - Defective ristocetin and bovine factor VIII-induced platelet aggregation in normal rats. PMID- 1120537 TI - A simple fluorometric assay for ampicillin serum. PMID- 1120538 TI - Polymorphism of centromeric heterochromatin and its relationship to chiasma formation in the paracentromeric regions of murine chromosomes. AB - A hypothesis suggesting an evolutionary significance of centromeric heterochromatin polymorphism, which presumed the suppression of genetic crossing over in the paracentromeric chromosome regions, was experimentally tested. The data obtained do not support the hypothesis; the frequency of paracentromeric chiasmata in two inbred mouse strains (differing in centromeric heterochromatin pattern) is not higher than in their F-1 hybrids. C-bands staining of centromeric heterochromatin allowed the distinction of two types of paracentromeric chiasmata. One of them--pseudochiasmata--is probably the consequence of centromeric heterochromatin affinity rather than the result of the preceding crossing-over. PMID- 1120539 TI - Identification of human male meiotic chromosomes. AB - The study is based on examinations of surgical testicular biopsies performed in eleven men aged from 19-79 years (300 cells at leptotent stage, 19 at zygotene, 300 cells at pachytene, 490 spermatocytes at diakinesis/first metaphase and 23 cells at the second metaphase of meiotic division), as well as post-mortem necropsies taken from six men aged from 19-51 years (6,000 cells at the first meiotic prophage). Identification of chromosomes at leptotene and zygotene stages is limited to the determination of X and Y chromosomes enclosed in the sex vesicle. At the pachytene stage, identification of chromosomes can make use of the differences in their length and number of chromomeres, but is feasible only in figures with good chromosome spreading. Identification of chromosomes at diakinesis/first metaphase in preparations stained by classical methods rests on the size and shape of the bivalents. Application of centromeric heterochromatin staining technique enables us to differentiate among bivalents Nos. 1, 2, and 3, to recognize bivalents belonging to the B group, to identify bivalents Nos. 9, 16, 17-18, and to distinguish between bivalent No. 21 and 22. It further permits the modality of pairing of the X and Y chromosomes to be determined by their short arms. Chromosomes of secondary spermatocytes at metaphase show typical morphological characteristics essential for karyotyping, so that it is possible to arrange them into the haploid karyotype, analogous to the karyotype of somatic cells. Male germinal cells undergo very rapid autolytic changes. No spermatocytes at diakinesis/first metaphase stage could be detected in specimens taken as early as 2 hours after death. The morphology of chromosomes of cells at earlier stages of the first meiotic prophase was markedly altered. Post-mortem testicular material was found unsuitable for an analysis of meiotic chromosomes. PMID- 1120540 TI - Onset and progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis; a prospective study based on serial renal biopsies. AB - Clinical factors related to the development and progression of renal lesions were studied in twenty-three diabetics by the use of serial renal biopsies or autopsy. The results were as follows: Most of the juvenile and intermediate type diabetics were poorly controlled, with the glomerular lesion progressing rather rapidly. In contrast, many cases of the adult type were able to be maintained under good control and the renal lesion neither developed nor progressed. Two of the adult type diabetics with poor control showed slowly and slightly progressing renal lesions. The progression of glomerular lesions was significantly related to the control of blood glucose, type of diabetes, age at onset, type of treatment, and degree of obesity, but not to the duration of diabetes or the length of the follow-up period. There was a significant correlation between the type of diabetes and the control of blood glucose over the years. Arteriolar lesions developed concurrently with the progression of the glomerular lesion. Retinopathy also had a tendency to develop in proportion to the progress of glomerular lesions although it was not statistically significant. We have discussed the clinical factors responsible for the progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis and have suggested that the type of diabetes rather than the degree of control of blood glucose might be more important in determining the development and progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Nevertheless, the possibility remains that successful control of blood glucose may prevent or retard the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 1120541 TI - Physiologic mechanisms in the development of starvation ketosis in man. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine whether alterations in ketone body utilization and hepatic production, independent of the FFA load, were also involved in the development of fasting ketosis. Plasma Beta-OH butyric acid (Beta OHB) increased to 2.5-4.5 mM and plasma FFA to 1,000-1,400 muEq/L. in normal weight individuals after five to seven days' starvation and in obese subjects after ten to fourteen days' fasting. Acute elevations fo the plasma FFA greater than 1,500 muEq/L. for sixty minutes in fed normal weight and obese subjects with a fat meal-heparin regimen resulted in peak elevations of plasma Beta-OHB (0.25 0.45mM), only 10 percent of that seen during fasting. When plasma FFA were lowered acutely during fasting with the antilipolytic agent Pyrazole to control levels (400-600 muEq/L.), plasma Beta-OHB decreased 35 plus or minus 5 per cent. Comparable lowering of plasma FFA in normal weight or obese starved subjects given dexamethasone to maintain elevated fasting plasma insulin levels resulted in an 87 plus or minus 3 per cent decrease in plasma Beta-OHB. Similar studies in obese fasted subjects pretreated with an intravenous infusion of insulin (1.0 U/hr. for eight hours) before receiving Pyrazole resulted in a 65 plus or minus 5 per cent decrease in plasma Beta-OHB. Plasma Beta-OHB half-life, determined after injections of 12 gm. Beta-OHB, increased significantly during fasting (110 plus or minus 15 minutes) and was decreased when the fasting subjects were maintained on dexamethasone (65 plus or minus 7 minutes). These studies indicate that accelerated hepatic ketogenesis during starvation is a result of both enhanced activity of the enzymatic system(s) involved in ketone body production as well as an increased FFA load. The increase in plasma Beta-OHB during fasting reflects not only an accelerated rate of hepatic ketogenesis but also an impairment of peripheral utilization, both processes apparently being sensitive to insulin. Diabetes 24:10-16, January, 1975. PMID- 1120542 TI - Confirmation of impaired early insulin response to glycemic stimulus in nonobese mild diabetics. AB - The initial insulin responses of nonobese normal subjects and mild diabetics were analyzed during and after five-minute and two-minute infusions of 0.5 gm. per kilogram of glucose by vein. It was found that the two-minute injection elicited faster and significantly higher absolute hormonal output in both normals and diabetics, and that on both tests the normal subjects secreted significantly more insulin than did the mild diabetics. Comparison of respective "insulinogenic indexes" (net insulin output per unit of glycemic stimulus) showed that the corrected early insulin responses were in fact the same on both the five-minute and two-minute tests in normal subjects, and also in mild diabetics; but that the corrected insulin output was still twice as great in control subjects on both tests. It was also found that obese mild diabetics had significantly greater absolute insulin responses to both the five-minute and two-minute glucose injections than did their nonobese counterparts. These findings reconfirm that the earliest clinically recognizable state of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an impaired initial insulin secretory response to glycemic stimulus. They also indicate that valid interpretations of the influence of mild diabetes per se on the early insulin response can only be drawn from data obtained in nonobese individuals. Diabetes 24:17-24, January, 1975. PMID- 1120543 TI - Insulin therapy in phenformin-associated lactic acidosis; a case report, biochemical considerations and review of the literature. AB - A patient with phenformin-associated lactic acidosis was treated with insulin and showed marked improvement coincident with the expected onset of action of the insulin administered. Relative insulin deficiency was demonstrated although several phenomena characteristic of phenformin-associated lactic acidosis obscured its reflection in the usual indices. From data presented and a review of the literature the following pathogenesis is proposed for the observed metabolic derangement. A background of relative insulin deficiency would permit enhanced pyruvate (and hence lactate) formation from protein sources. Insulin deficiency would also lead to inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase which slows pyruvate removal. Phenformin accumulation (cf impaired renal function) further reduces pyruvate removal by decreasing its conversion to glucose, but in addition alters the redox state. For the lactic acidosis which results, insulin administration may thus constitute specific therapy. Diabetes 24:28-35, January, 1975. PMID- 1120545 TI - The pathology of the pulmonary vasculature in various forms of pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 1120544 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in diabetes mellitus; lymphocyte transformation by insulin and insulin fragments in insulin-treated and newly-diagnosed diabetes. AB - Using a radioisotope labeling technic, the ability of bovine and porcine insulin antigens to induce lymphocyte transformation was tested with cells from the peripheral blood of thirty nondiabetic controls, fifty established insulin dependent diabetics with no evidence of insulin allergy, and ten newly diagnosed diabetics (five untreated, five insulin-treated for less than three weeks). Lymphocytes from twenty-six (42 per cent) of the diabetics showed significant blastogenesis to bovine or porcine insulin, as compared with two (7 per cent) of controls; the phenomenon was shown by both established and newly diagnosed patients including four who had never recieved insulin. The results indicate that cellular hypersensitivity to insulin, as judged by an in vitro test, is relatively common in insulin-treated diabetics without in vivo evidence of allergy, and suggest that hypersensitivity may also be present in untreated diabetics. Lymphocytes from twenty-one of the twenty-six diabetics who responded to intact insulin were further tested using bovine and porcine insulin A chain bovine B chain as antigens. The A chain of either insulin induced significant blastogenesis in only one diabetic but bovine B chain induced significant blastogenesis in fourteen (67 per cent) of the patients tested. These results suggest that B chain is the major antigenic site determining cellular hypersensitivity to insulin. Diabetes 24:36-43, January, 1975. PMID- 1120546 TI - An automated ECG-system in a large hospital: coding, storage and retrieval of tracings. AB - This paper describes an automated ECG-system as it is used in the 1000-bed University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. The system involves a "hybride" approach, combining computer analysis of the ECG by means of the Pipberger program with the reading by a cardiologist via a specially developed coding system. Up until now (since January 1, 1972) 35,000 ECGs have been handled systematically at a rate of approximately 100 ECGs per working day. All the ECGs, together with the ECG-diagnoses and other relevant data of the patient are stored and can be retrieved whenever wanted. The system enables comparison of computer analysis and cardiologist's reading of the ECG. The boundary between reliable computer analysis and the necessity of human reading and verification lies with the normal ECGs. This apparently meagre result of the computer ECG-analysis for hospital use is, however, a great achievement for its use in epidemiological studies. PMID- 1120548 TI - [Acid-base and blood gas analysis parameters, cardiovascular apparatus and acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1120547 TI - [Automatic teleprocessing of ECG problems and prospectives of a service center (author's transl)]. AB - The different alternative for an ECG's computer interpretative service are described and analyzed. The important factors which can be used as measures of effectiveness for each alternative are identified as: 1) waiting time before sending ECG; 2) waiting time before receiving the report; 3) capability of satisfying emergency calls; 4) cost per ECG. Three major alternatives are compared on the basis of these measures of effectiveness. The utility of a computer center serving more hospitals is evaluated against the utility of having an in-house computer in the hospital, on the basis of cost and convenience of service considerations. PMID- 1120549 TI - [Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in intensive cardiac care]. PMID- 1120550 TI - [Letter: Consideration of time for rehabilitation in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1120551 TI - [Multivalvular replacement: short and long term results in 367 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Early and late results of 273 mitro-aortic, 66 mitro-tricuspid, 28 mitro-aortic tricuspid valvular replacements performed between 1964-1973, were evaluated. The hospital mortality rate was 17, 5 percent for mitro-aortic, 30, 5 percent for mitro-tricuspid, 10, 7 percent for mitro-aortic-tricuspid replacement. The best results obtained in patients with mitro-aortic replacement, the worse one in patients with mitro-tricuspid replacement, that present also a poor functional rehabilitation. The actuarial curves were calculated: 9 years after operation the probability of survival was of 67 percent for patients operated of mitro-aortic valvular replacement and 47 percent for patients operated of mitro-tricuspid replacement. PMID- 1120552 TI - [The vectorcardiogram in A-V canal in the first three years of life: qualitative and quantitative analysis (author's transl)]. AB - The electrocardiograms and the vectocardiograms of 26 childrens, up to 3 years of age, affected by A-V canal, were been analyzed. The pattern of QRS loop in the 3 planes, the voltage of right maximum spatial vector (RMSV) and left maximum spatial vector (LMSV), their projection onto the horizontal (azimuth) and frontal plane (elevation) were related to right ventricular systolic pressure. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of VCG Showed a better correlation with the haemodynamic data than the electrocardiogram. In all but 3 cases, the high frequency of superior orientation and counterclockwise rotation of QRS loop in the frontal plane was found; moreover the good correlation of right ventricular systolic pressure to the rotation of QRS loop on the horizontal plane was also confirmed. In fact, the latter was counterclockwise in the cases with a low pressure, whereas it became clockwise in those with higher pressure. Moreover a good direct correlation of the right ventricular pressure with forward orientation of LMSV on the horizontal plane was found. In differential diagnoses with other congenital heart diseases with superior orientation and anticlockwise rotation on the frontal plane, useful results were obtained by using the calculation of elevation time (the interval between point 0 and intersection of the QRS loop with the axis) which is significantly lower in the A-V canal. Terminal forces directed posteriorly and to the right and with a delay no longer than 0,03 inches do not warrant the diagnosis of left anterior hemiblock with a right bundle branch block associated. On the contrary, on the basis of anatomical and electrophysiologic studies we believe that in this disease there is an asinchrony in the activation i.e. the postero-inferior region, then the left lateral wall and finally the tree high part of right ventricle wall are sequentially activated. PMID- 1120553 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties of isolated left posterior hemiblock(author's transl)]. AB - Out of 4000 vectorcardiograms, 23 of them showed the most tipical pattern of left posterior hemiblock (BFP). According to the vectorial characteristics, they were divided into 5 groups; only two groups (for a total of 8 cases) showed, according to the Authors' opinion, the characteristics of the isolated BFP. The diagnostic difficulties of such a conduction disturbance are discussed since, it simulates, the vectorial pattern of the vertical heart. Moroever there is an underlining possibility that conduction disturbances in the right heart coexist in many cases of supposed isolated BFP with marked axis rotation to the right. The Authors agree with the hypothesis already expressed by Polu on the vectorial progress of the isolated BFP which should have an AQRS of about 70 degrees; an exact electrocardiographic diagnosis might be therefore impossible. PMID- 1120554 TI - [Junctional bradycardia and junctional non-paroxysmal tachycardia. A study with atrial and His electrogram and influence of neurovegetative system (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of unusual A-V nodal rythms, very slow junctional bradycardia and junctional non paroxysmal tachycardia, are described. The Authors emphasize the study of the His bundle electrograms, the atrial electrograms and the time of the intrinsecoid deflection for correct diagnosis of these dysrrhythmias. From the results of the clinical and electrofisiological study and neurovegetative responses some conclusions about the mechanism and clinical significance of these arrhythmias are drawn. PMID- 1120555 TI - [Transitory transesophageal atrial electric stimulation. Preliminary report on 19 cases and considerations on the method, indications and results (author's transl)]. AB - Literature provides sufficient evidence that transitory electric stimulation via esophagus (SATE) - after the first positive experimental attempts on dogs - can be applied to man with a simple, rapid and harmless method. The study covers 19 patients subjected to high frequency transesophageal atrial stimulation by way of a bipolar electrode inserted through a nasogastric tube and connected to an external generator capable of producing tension impulses. Said impulses are variable up to 150 volts, lasting 2.5 microsec. with a frequency of up to 450/min. The 19 patients can be divided into 2 groups. The first including 15 patients on which SATE was effected for diagnostic purposes: in coronary deficiency (8 patients), in the disease of sinus node (3 patients), and lastly in the research for the A-V-block latent in 4 patients with acute post-infarctual A V-block which regressed during the immediate clinical course of the illness. The other group includes 4 patients in which the atrial stimulation indication was the treatment of rapid, paroxysmic atrial rhythms, inaffected by drugs. By using impulses of 25-30 volts, the AA. have obtained a stable stimulation. PMID- 1120557 TI - Experimental bases for diagnosis of left bifascicular and trifascicular block. AB - It seems to be justified to establish the diagnosis of fascicular blocks, in clinical tracings, on the basis of experimental findings. For this, we produced left bifascicular block as well as trifascicular block in the heart of 20 mongrel dogs. Because of left bifascicular block, the activation process is unequally delayed in high lateral and in posterior aspects of the free left ventricular wall. Nevertheless, it begins at normal time in middle left septal mass via intermediate strands of the left bundle. Consequently, left bifascicular block which resembles intermediate degree left truncular block, is recognizable by unequally delayed onset of intrinsicoid deflection in aVL, aVF and V6 and often by the manifestation of the first septal vector. Vectorcardiographic curves are diphasic and show initial and terminal slurrings. Trifascicular block delays the activation process in both ventricles. For this, the asynchronism between the electromotive forces of ventricles is lessened. The said conduction disturbance can be diagnosed by electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic features suggesting intermediate degree RBBB as well as left bifascicular block. PMID- 1120556 TI - [Clinical trial by perexiline maleate in treatment of angina pectoris (author's transl)]. AB - A controlled double blind clinical trial has been conducted in 16 patients with "angina pectoris" in order to investigate the effect of Perexiline maleate as compared with prenilamine. Perexiline at the dose of 400 mg/die and prenilamine at the dose of 120 mg/die have been administered over a period of 4 weeks each. Between these periods placebo has been administered for two weeks. The number of attacks of angina and the number of tablets of nitroglycerine used per week by the patient during each period has been used for the evaluation. Furthermore ECG at rest and after exercise has been performed every two weeks. Our results statistically evaluated show a definite antianginal effect of Perexiline. According to our experience Perexiline should be considered the drug of choise in the treatment of angina complicated by bradicardia, left ventricular failure, bronchospasm, and in angina unresponsive to other drugs. PMID- 1120558 TI - [The automated ECG laboratory: equipment and operational problems (author's transl)]. AB - In the light of recent advances in technology, the basic equipment of an automated ECG laboratory is described. The main features of data acquisition terminals, data receiver/controller units, A/D converters, computers, visual displays and systems for storage and retrieval of tracings, are briefly discussed. Three major alternatives are open for computer-aided ECG interpretation today: 1) complete, dedicated system in the hospital; 2) ECG data collection system with offline analysis by hospital business computer; 3) ECG service center outside of the hospital. Advantages and possible limitations of these methods are discussed. At the Ospedale Civile Regionale of Udine we have choosen the first method. An HP 1530 ECG interpretative system and the 12-lead ECG analysis program developed by Caceres-USPHS are used. Analog tracing and interpretative printout are available in the laboratory and/or at the patient location in about one minute. Our system has been working for less than one year. At present, 150-200 ECG are processed daily. Such an ECG processing system has proven to yield considerable savings in time and manpower. Some operational problems related to shifting from manual to computer work have been gradually overcome and will be discussed. PMID- 1120559 TI - [Productivity versus hunger. Economical and social analysis of productivity]. PMID- 1120560 TI - [The subculture of hunger. Conditioning and conditioned phenomena surrounding man]. PMID- 1120561 TI - [Study of maternal mortality in Mexico. Medicosocial aspects]. PMID- 1120562 TI - [Hunger. I. Introduction]. PMID- 1120563 TI - Neural organization of esophageal peristalsis: role of vagus nerve. AB - The purpose of this investigation was 2-fold: first, to determine the velocity of peristalsis in the smooth muscle area of opossum esophagus before and after administration of atropine; second, to evaluate the role of the vagus nerves in the control of the propagative nature of esophageal peristalsis. Intraluminal pressures were measured through a pressure transducer recorder system attached to continuously perfused catheters. The velocity of peristalsis in the lower third of the esophagus progressively decreased from 3.25 plus or minus 0.20 (SE) cm per sec at the 70 to 80% level to 2.17 plus or minus 0.14 (SE) at the 80 to 90%level to 1.83 plus or minus 0.10 (SE) at the 90 to 100% level. After administration of intraperitoneal atropine (100 mug per kg), the velocities were 3.1 plus or minus 0.26 (SE) cm per sec, 2.38 plus or minus 0.22 (SE), and 1.74 plus or minus 0.10 (SE), respectively, at the 70 to 80%, 80 to 90%, and 90 to 100% levels. The changes were not statistically significant. Electrical stimulation of the distal cut end of the vagus nerve induced peristaltic contractions. The velocities of peristalsis after electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve were 3.24 plus or minus 0.72 (SE) cm per sec, 2.81 plus or minus 0.64 (SE), and 1.84 plus or minus 0.34 (SE), respectively, at the 70 to 80%, 80 to 90%, and 90 to 100% levels. Results of this study indicate that the velocity of peristalsis in the smooth muscle area of the opossum esophagus has a caudally decreasing gradient. Bilateral cervical vagotomy and stimulation of the distal cut end initiates peristaltic contraction indicating that the propagative nature of peristalsis in the smooth musurrent, does not alter mucosal cyclic AMP. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP decreased net sodium absorption and increased short circuit current; findings which were qualitatively identical to those produced by taurochenodeoxycholic acid. These studies support the proposal that bile salts stimulate colonic electrolyte secretion by increasing mucosal cyclic AMP. PMID- 1120564 TI - Myoelectric control of the colon. PMID- 1120565 TI - Effects of purified chicken gonadotropins on the chick testis. PMID- 1120566 TI - [Effects of ecdysterone upon the development of the imaginal leg analags of Tenebrio molitor in the prenymphal stage cultured in vitro]. PMID- 1120567 TI - [Action of androgens on the epididymis of the lizard, Lacerta vivipara Jacquin. Effects of testosterone and its principle metabolites in organ culture]. PMID- 1120568 TI - Histochemistry and ultrastructure of adrenal cortical development in the golden hamster. PMID- 1120569 TI - Relation of thyroid hormone secretion rate (TSR) in rats and fowl to hormone content of their thyroid glands. PMID- 1120570 TI - Effects of L-thyroxine on the intermediary metabolism of the Spotted Munia, Lonchura punctulata. PMID- 1120571 TI - Testicular development and testosterone concentrations in the testis and plasma of young male shrews (Suncus Murinus). PMID- 1120572 TI - Effect of partial ultimobranchialectomy on plasma calcium concentration and on some related parameters in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) during acute transfer from fresh water to 30 per cent sea water. PMID- 1120573 TI - The nature of thyroidal secretions in reptiles. PMID- 1120574 TI - Iodine metabolism in the ascidian, Molgula manhattensis. PMID- 1120575 TI - Ovary-inhibiting hormone activity in shrimp (Crangon crangon) eyestalks during the annual reproductive cycle. PMID- 1120576 TI - In vitro stimulation of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase activity by epinephrine and glucagon in the brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus. PMID- 1120577 TI - Mobile medical care to the elderly: an evaluation. PMID- 1120578 TI - The post-transfer fate of relocated mental patients in New York. PMID- 1120579 TI - The development of a community-based program for evaluating the impaired older adult. PMID- 1120580 TI - Psychiatric consultation in a nursing home: a two-year experience. PMID- 1120581 TI - Continued growth and life satisfaction. PMID- 1120582 TI - Treatment of depression in persons residing in homes for the aged. PMID- 1120583 TI - The reluctant therapist 1975. PMID- 1120584 TI - Milieu therapy with psychiatric-medically infirm patients. PMID- 1120585 TI - On multiple realities and reality orientation. PMID- 1120586 TI - A patient-determined approach to geriatric activity programming within a state hospital. PMID- 1120587 TI - Spatial proximity, interpersonal conflict, and friendship formation in the intermediate-care facility. PMID- 1120588 TI - Transportation and changes in life satisfaction. PMID- 1120589 TI - Life disruption, independence, satisfaction, and the consideration of moving. PMID- 1120590 TI - Undergraduate nursing students and their experience in gerontology. PMID- 1120591 TI - Needs felt by the clergy for ministries to the aging. PMID- 1120592 TI - Dimensions of widowhood in later life. PMID- 1120593 TI - Pre-retirement counseling: characteristics of programs and preferences of retirees. PMID- 1120594 TI - Too young, too old--age in the world of television. PMID- 1120595 TI - Editorial: Continuing education for older Americans by colleges. PMID- 1120596 TI - Editorial: Discontent with contentment scales. PMID- 1120597 TI - [Induced abortion]. PMID- 1120598 TI - [Treatment of vaginal candidiasis with 5-fluorocytosine]. PMID- 1120599 TI - [Endometrial cancer]. PMID- 1120600 TI - [Structural and metabolic changes of the fertile spermatozoid. I. Maturation and capacitation]. PMID- 1120601 TI - Effects of dihydrotestosterone and estradiol benzoate pretreatment upon testosterone-induced sexual behavior in the castrated male rat. PMID- 1120602 TI - The reversible inhibition of steroid-induced sexual behavior by intracranial cycloheximide. PMID- 1120603 TI - Lordosis after cerebellar damage in female rats. PMID- 1120604 TI - Androgen- and estrogen-induced copulatory behavior and inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in the male rat. PMID- 1120605 TI - Effects of septal lesions on behavioral sensitivity of female rats to gonadal hormones. PMID- 1120606 TI - Brain uptake and metabolism of estradiol benzoate and estrous behavior in ovariectomized guinea pigs. PMID- 1120607 TI - Unit management: separating myth from reality. PMID- 1120608 TI - Biological characterization of Fusobacterium necrophorum. Cell fractions in preparation for toxin and immunization studies. AB - Fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from bovine liver abscesses was grown in bulk at 37 C for 24 h under a strict anaerobic atmosphere. Harvested washed cells were disrupted ultrasonically and fractionated by differential centrifugation into the intracellular (cytoplasm) and cell wall fractions. Both intact cells and cell fractions induced generalized cytopathic effect on primary pig kidney cultures and caused a variety of signs of illness and/or death of intraperitoneally injected mice. The intact cells, disrupted cells, and cell walls produced necrotic lesions and erythema on intradermally injected guinea pigs and rabbits, whereas the cytoplasm mainly erythema. By contrast, the used culture medium (culture filtrate) of F. necrophorum did not show any detectable toxicity. The toxic component of the cytoplasm appears to be associated with nondialyzable, hemolytic, high-molecular-weight proteins and its toxicity is reduced by trypsin and pronase. Heating at 60 C for 10 min decreased markedly its erythemal and cytotoxic ability, wheras the toxicity of the cell walls appeared to be only slightly affected even when heated at 100 C for 1 h. These results suggest that at leasttwo distinct cell-bound toxic factors are present in F. necrophorum cells. PMID- 1120609 TI - Interaction of cultured mammalian cells with [125I] diphtheria toxin. AB - The characteristics of cell adsorption and pinocytotic uptake of diphtheria toxin by several mammalian cell types were studied. Purified toxin iodinated by a solid state lactoperoxidase method provided preparations of high specific activity and unaltered biological activity. Dephtheria toxin-sensitive HEp-2 cells and guinea pig macrophage cultures were compared with resistant mouse L-929 cells. At 37 C the resistant cells in monolayer adsorbed and internalized [125I] toxin to a greater extent than did the HEp-2 cell cultures; no significant differences were observed at 5 C. Ammonium chloride protection levels did not alter uptake of toxin by either L-929 OR HEp-2 cells. Biological activity of the iodinated toxin, however, was negated provided the presence of ammonium chloride was maintained. The ammonium salt appears to maintain toxin in a state amenable to antitoxin neutralization. Guinea pig macrophages internalized iodinated toxin to a level 10 times greater than the established cell lines. In spite of the increased uptake of toxin by the endocytic cells, ammonium chloride prevented expression of toxicity. In an artificial system, toxin adsorbed to polystyrene latex spheres and internalized by guinea pig macrophages during phagocytosis did express biological activity. Ammonium chloride afforded some but not total protection against toxin present in the phagocytic vacuoles. The data suggest that two mechanisms of toxin uptake by susceptible cells may be operative. Toxin taken into the cell by a pinocytotic process probably is not ordinarily of physiological significance since it is usually degraded by lysosomal enzymes before it can reach cytoplasmic constituents on which it acts. When large quantities of toxin are pinocytized, toxicity may be expressed before enzymatic degradation is complete. A more specific uptake involving direct passage of the toxin through the plasma membrane may be the mechanism leading to cell death in the majority of instances. PMID- 1120610 TI - Alterations in the metabolism of hamster tracheas in organ culture after infection by virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - Exposure of hamster tracheal rings in organ culture to virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae organisms leads to alterations in macromolecular biosynthesis and metabolic activity of the respiratory epithelial cells. Avirulent organisms derived from the same parent strain do not produce these effects. During the course of infection by virulent mycoplasmas, tracheal rings show an initial increase in [14C]galactose uptake followed by a significant decline as infection progresses which is also accompanied by abnormal processing of galactose as evidenced by amounts of 14CO2 released. Parallel decreases in the rate of [3H]orotic acid and [3H]amino acid uptake are observed. Within 24 h after infection of tracheal rings by virulent mycoplasmas, inhibition of host cell ribonucleic acid and protien synthesis is evident. Ribonucleic acid synthesis in infected cells, analyzed by gel electrophoresis, is reduced by 80% at 48 h and is negligible by 96 h. The course of mycoplasma infection can be interrupted or reversed by erythromycin after the initial mycoplasma-host cell interaction since addition of erythromycin 24 h or earlier after infection prevents the onset of abnormal orotic acid uptake. However, 48 h after infection, rescue of host cells by erythromycin cannot occur and cytopathology becomes evident. These data suggest that mediation of host cell injury requires continued protein synthesis by attached mycoplasmas, and the primary effect of mycoplasma infection on tracheal organ culture may be at a transcriptional or translational level. PMID- 1120611 TI - Prevalance of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in various populations. AB - Sera from individuals with different degrees of exposure to the agent of hepatitis B were tested for antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HB-s) by passive hemagglutination and for hepatitis B surface antigen (HB-s Ag) by radioimmunoassay and immunoelectroosmophoresis. In a plasma fractionation plant, anti-HB-s was detected in 82 percent of workers processing human plasma and 3.3 percent were healthy carriers of the antigen. Fifty-six percent of the workers having only casual contact with plasma processing exhibited anti-HB-s and 24 percent of workers with no contact had anti-HB-s, yet HB-s Ag was not found in either of these two groups of workers. A similar correlation was shown in hospital personnel; 31 percent of employees with direct contact to serum specimens and only 8 percent without direct contact had anti-HB-s. The frequency of HB-s Ag (0.8 percent in patients with disorders not involving the liver; 49.8 percent in patients tentatively diagnosed as viral hepatitis) and anti-HB-s (14.5 percent to 28.5 percent, respectively) in selected groups of hospitalized patients varied greatly. In 508 paid blood donors, anti-HB-s was present in 19.9 percent, whereas it was present in only 6.6 percent of 1,146 volunteer donors. These data demonstrate a correlation between frequency of exposure to human blood or blood products and the prevalence of anti-HB-s. PMID- 1120612 TI - Multiple sclerosis-induced reduction in the yield of a mouse cell line. AB - Cultures of a mouse cell line (PAM) were treated with 71 multiple sclerosis (MS) and 45 non-MS samples. Of the cultures treated with MS material, 80 percent (58) showed a reduction in cell yield (compared to untreated controls) of at least 20 percent by the third passage after inoculation. The MS samples were from 40 MS cases, and a total of 36 cases yielded at least one positive sample. The agent responsible for the decrease was not limited to nervous tissue, but was also found in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, spleen, kidney, and lymph node of MS patients. Positive samples were present at every stage of the disease. None of the non-MS samples yielded cell counts significantly different from untreated controls. The non-MS category included 12 samples from healthy individuals, 13 assorted non-central nervous system disease samples, and the following central nervous system disease samples: six subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, three Huntington's chorea, two Parkinsonism, six amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, one stroke, one encephalopathy, and one epilepsy. Brain homogenates from mice inoculated with MS tissues elicited the decrease, whereas brain homogenates from mice inoculated with non-MS samples did not. PMID- 1120613 TI - Lymphocyte responses to rubella antigen and phytohemagglutinin after administration of the RA 27/3 strain of live attenuated rubella vaccine. AB - Lymphocyte phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness was found suppressed in both rubella sero-negative and sero-positive recipients of RA 27/3 strain of live attenuated rubella vaccine; the suppression was readily demonstrable only when a suboptimal dose of PHA was applied in the test. Lymphocytes from sero-negative vaccinees, which initially showed little or no in vitro response to concentrated rubella virus, became responsive after vaccination by day 21, when the highest sensitization to rubella antigen was seen. In the sero-positive vaccinees. lymphocytes responded to rubella antigen in vitro before vaccination, and in most cases vaccination did not result in significant changes in lymphocyte response. These results suggest that rubella vaccination leads to temporarily increased lymphocyte reactivity to rubella antigen, and the increased lymphocyte response to specific antigen may occur at the time of mild suppression of PHA response. PMID- 1120614 TI - Preparation and chemical composition of the cell walls of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Purified cell walls from Streptococcus mutans strain BHT were prepared without the use of proteolytic enzymes in order to retain all cell wall constituents for chemical analysis. Of four methods employed, the Ribi cell fractionator produced disrupted cell suspensions which could be most thoroughly purified on sucrose gradients. Results of chemical analyses on purified cell walls prepared in this 8.9% glycerol teichoic acid, 33.6% non-peptidoglycan polysaccharide, and 49.9% peptidoglycan. PMID- 1120616 TI - Immunogenicity of aryl esters of salicylic or acetylsalicylic acid in guinea pigs. AB - A variety of derivatives of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acid have been investigated for their immunogenic properties in guinea pigs including salicylsalicylic acid (SSA), acetylsalicylsalicylic acid (ASSA), disalicylide (DI), trisalicylide (TRI), acetylsalicylic acid paracetamol ester (ASPE) and acetylsalicylic acid guajacol ester (ASGE). Contact sensitivity could be elicited by the sensitizing agent, however, with acetylsalicylic acid anhydride (ASAN) a more pronounced contact reaction could consistently be observed. Systemic anaphylactic reactions elicited by intravenous injection of N-salicyloyl bovine serum albumin could only be induced by ASAN, DI, TRI and ASSA, whereas SSA, ASPE and ASGE did not induce an anaphylactic state at a comparable dose level. From these results it is anticipated that all aryl esters of acetylsalicylic or salicylic acid are immunogenic when applied intradermally, leading to a N salicyloyl specific immune response. PMID- 1120615 TI - Interactions between Toxoplasma gondii and its host cells: function of the penetration-enhancing factor of toxoplasma. AB - A protein with a molecular weight of 70,000 to 150,000 which was extracted from merozoites of Toxoplasma gondii enhanced the host cell penetration of the merozoites. The optimal pH and temperature for penetration of merozoites coincided with those favoring the action of the penetration-enhancing protein. In addition, a dependence on Ca and Mg existed for penetration of merozoites, either in the presence or absence of this protein. No evidence was found that indicated that the enhancing effect on penetration elicited by the protein was due to increased phagocytic capacity of host cells (HeLa) or improved motility of the merozoites. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the protein, in high concentration, caused disruption of cytoplasmic membranes. In a 100-fold-lower concentration, which still caused a marked enhancement of penetration, no such effect was observed. However, the vacuoles surrounding the penetrated parasites seemed smaller than for merozoites penetrating in cultures to which no penetration-enhancing factor was given, and the membranes limiting the vacuoles demonstrated discontinuities more often. The penetration-enchancing effect of some known enzymes was studies. However, none of these enzymes seemed to correspond to the penetration-enhancing protein of toxoplasma. The mode of entry of toxoplasma merozoites into host cells is discussed. It is concluded that phagocytosis must play a less important role and that merozoites actively penetrate the cytoplasmic membranes of the host cells. The penetration is proposed to be a result of combined mechanical and chemical actions. It is suggested that an enzymatic function of the penetration-enhancing factor released by the merozoites is of importance. The membrane limiting the vacuole of a penetrated merozoite seems to be newly formed in the cell after penetration is completed. PMID- 1120617 TI - Effect of substitution on reactivity of B 512 dextran fractions with anti-B 512 dextran in heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. AB - The influence of type and degree of substitution of B 512 dextran fractions on reactivity with rabbit antibodies against unmodified B 512 dextran was studied on heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Low degrees of substitution, i.e. 1 substituent group per 7-30 glucose residues, affected reactivity with anti-dextran only slightly or not at all. This was shown for the following substituents: sulphate, carboxymethyl, phosphate, diethylaminoethyl, hydroxypropyl, butyryl, caprylyl, stearoyl, and fluoresceinoyl groups. With high degress of substitution, i.e. 1-3 substituents per 2 glucose residues, reactivity with anti-B-512-dextran is completely abolished for some substituents, and a new immunological identity conferred on the substituted dextran. Stongly charged groups like sulphate, carboxymethyl and diethylaminoethyl abolish reactivity with anti-B-512-dextran at relatively lower degrees of substitution than more neutral groups like methyl and acetyl. The anti-B-512-dextran represents a specific reagent for alpha-1,6-linked polyglucose, as evidenced by complete cross reactivity with synthetic linear dextran; its specificity is emphasized by non reactivity with alpha-1,6-linked synthetic manna, the monomeric residues of the two polymers differing only in position of the C-2 hydroxyl groups. PMID- 1120618 TI - Molecular evidence for complex (cross-reacting) antibodies. PMID- 1120619 TI - Technetium-99m-tetracycline: preparation, biological dynamics and uptake in damaged and normal skeletal muscle. PMID- 1120620 TI - Back-scatter and building-up effects on the thermoluminescence sensitivity of a thermal neutron monitor. PMID- 1120622 TI - The use of real time procedures in the semi-automatic analysis of Ascaris lumbricoides var. suis. PMID- 1120621 TI - Investigation of 68Ga-tripolyphosphate as a potential bone-scanning agent. PMID- 1120623 TI - Quantitative microspectrophotometric studies on the nucleic acid contents of neural cells of irradiated and with reserpine pretreated rats. PMID- 1120624 TI - Letter: Intrinsic plane sensitivity: still most suitable for comparing moving and/or stationary scanners. PMID- 1120625 TI - Hypnotic exploration of amnesia after cerebral injuries. PMID- 1120626 TI - A case study of hypnotically induced tubular vision. PMID- 1120627 TI - A posthypnotically released emotion as a modifier of behavior. PMID- 1120628 TI - The role played by ego permissiveness and imagery in hypnotic responsivity. PMID- 1120629 TI - A novel test of hypnotic anesthesia. PMID- 1120630 TI - Response to the Ponzo illusion as a reflection of hypnotic susceptibility. PMID- 1120631 TI - Fluorescamine as a terminating agent in solid phase peptide synthesis. AB - Fluorescamine was shown to be an excellent terminating agent for blocking unreacted amino groups during solid phase peptide synthesis. A comparison of the termination efficiency of fluorescamine versus that of acetylation revealed that the former method gave superior products as assessed by peptide analysis, dansyl amino end group determination and biological assay. In addition, fluorescamine terminated fragments were converted to non-fluorescent spirolactones during the deprotection stage. These spirolactones were stable to subsequent solid phase reaction conditions and were readily removed from the target peptide. PMID- 1120632 TI - Conformational analysis of circular dichroism spectra of insulin, proinsulin and c-peptides by non-linear regression. AB - A method of resolving CD spectra in alpha-helix, beta-structure and random coil conformations is described. The residue ellipticites for alpha-helix and beta structure given by Greenfield & Fasman or by Chen,, Yang & Martinez are used together with CD spectra from at least two similar peptides to determine, by an iterative least-squares method, the number of amino acids in the three reference conformations as well as a set of residue ellipticities characteristic of the random coils of the family of peptides in question, but not necessarily of other peptides. The fits between computed and experimental spectra improve significantly and systematic deviations disappear by allowing the random coil coefficients to vary from one family of proteins to another, a liberty justified by the different types of random coils that have been encountered. The method of analysis showed that 5 M urea did not change the conformations of C-peptides of proinsulin from ox, pig and duck, all being mainly in the random coil conformation and all having 3-4 amino acids in beta-structure. Bovine insulin and proinsulin showed a transfer of amino acids from alpha-helix to beta-structure with increasing concentrations of urea, the latter at a higher concentration, indicating a stabilizing effect of the connecting peptide. The numbers of amino acids found in the alpha-helical conformation in insulin and proinsulin were equal and in agreement with the X-ray crystallographic data for insulin when the Greenfield & Fasman coefficients for alpha-helix and beta-structure were employed, whereas the Chen, Yang & Martinez coefficients yielded too few amino acids in alpha-helix in proinsulin. Both sets of coefficients estimate more beta structure in proinsulin than in insulin. PMID- 1120633 TI - A general method of purification of adenosine deaminase by affinity chromatography. AB - Affinity chromatography has been used to purify adenosine deaminase from various sources: calf spleen, calf intestinal mucosa, chicken duodena and human erythrocytes. For this purpose a specific inhibitor, 9-(p-aminobenzyl) adenine, was synthesized and covalently joined to agarose. Adenosine deaminase is selectively retained by such an inhibitor-resin when highly impure solutions are chromatographed through it. After elution from the resin with guanylurea, a competitive inhibitor, the enzyme is homogeneous and can be recovered in yields of 80 percent or more and the same number of multiple forms of the enzyme is present in the purified preparation and in the crude extract. PMID- 1120634 TI - A supplementary list of amino-acid derivatives which are useful in peptide synthesis. PMID- 1120635 TI - Renal stone formation. The inhibitory effect of urine on calcium oxalate precipitation. AB - The mechanism of renal stone formation is not fully understood. This report describes an investigation into the effect of urine on the precipitation of calcium oxalate from dilute solution. Over 33 min a 5 per cent solution of urine caused considerable inhibition of precipitation. The degree of this inhibition was related to the concentration of the original urine. An "artificial urine" composed of 12 solutes present in normal urine had some inhibitory effect, but less than that of equiosmolar true urines. Inhibition was also related to the percentage of urine present. This inhibitory effect may be important in the prevention of renal stone formation in normal people by delaying crystallization until urine reaches the lower urinary tract. PMID- 1120636 TI - Effect of shape on contraction of abdominal stoma. AB - We compared the contraction of round, square, and triangular abdominal stomas of isolated ileal segments. Twelve stomas of each of these three different shapes were observed in six dogs for periods ranging from 1 to 4 months. Our observations indicate that the square shaped enterocutaneous stoma is preferable to the more conventional circular one. The square shape provides the longest perimeter for a given surface area with minimum contraction, whereas the circle has the shortest perimeter and results in maximum contraction. PMID- 1120637 TI - Epsilon-aminocaproic acid in traumatic renal hematuria in the rabbit. AB - Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) was intravenously administered to rabbits subjected to bilateral renal crushing trauma. Posttraumatic hematuria in 10 control rabbits lasted a mean of 5.5 days (range 5 to 7 days). Rabbits treated with 1250 mg 5 min before renal trauma and with repeat EACA injections 1 hr (500 mg) and 24 hr (500 mg) after the injury had significantly less hematuria. Only eight of 20 EACA-treated rabbits had any hematuria, and this bleeding terminated by the 2nd posttrauma day in all. EACA may have an important role in the management of trauma-induced renal bleeding. PMID- 1120638 TI - Effects of pressoreceptor stimulation on micturition relfex and urethral pressure profile in rabbits. AB - The influence of pressoreceptor stimulation on the micturition reflex and urethral pressure profile was studied. Stimulation of pressoreceptors of the aortic arch and carotid sinus causes an increase of parasympathetic tone and a decrease of sympathetic tone. Striated muscular tone was also decreased. Pressoreceptor stimulation was simulated by electrical stimulation of the depressor nerve in the rabbit. Our studies show that with pressoreceptor stimulation micturition occurred with 24 per cent less bladder filling and 32 per cent less intravesical pressure than before stimulation, and urethral pressure profile showed a 17 per cent decrease of the maximum and mean urethral pressure. The interpretation of the action of parasympathicomimetic and sympathicomimetic drugs on bladder and bladder neck must take into consideration the cardiovascular effects of these drugs and therefore the effect on the pressoreceptors. PMID- 1120639 TI - Theory of hydrokinetic clearance of bacteria from the urinary bladder. I. Effect of variations in bacterial growth rate. AB - If the bladder is regularly emptied in appropriate circumstances the concentration of bacteria in successively voided samples progressively falls. By making a number of assumptions about conditions of bacterial growth in the bladder the way in which this washout of bacteria will occur can be predicted. Such predictions give a form of washout curve which differs significantly from that commonly encountered in patients. The shape of the predicted washout curve is affected by the form of the bacterial growth curve but this influence is not sufficient to account for the observed difference between patients and predictions. PMID- 1120640 TI - Theory of hydrokinetic clearance of bacteria from the urinary bladder. II. Effects of "bound" organisms and diuresis. AB - When patients with urinary infection drink large volumes of water and empty the bladder at frequent regular intervals, the concentration of bacteria in the voided samples commonly falls rapidly at first and then remains almost constant. The present theoretical analysis leads to the conclusion that the rapid initial fall in concentration is a function of diuresis and that the subsequent constant output originates from bacteria bound to multiplication sites on the uroepithelium from which their progeny are shed into the urine. PMID- 1120641 TI - Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into rat ventral prostate in organ culture. Influence of hormone-cytostatic complexes. AB - The effects of hormones, hormone-cytostatic complexes, and their derivatives on 3H-thymidine incorporation in explants of rat ventral prostate and rat uterus have been studied. The histologic appearance has also been used as a parameter of investigation and the results were in good agreement with 3H-thymidine incorporation. The results showed that when a nitrogen mustard was linked in position 3 to estradiol-17beta-phosphate (Estracyt), this complex had a profound inhibitory effect on growth of rat ventral prostate explants, far more pronounced than that seen by estradiol-17beta. The active nor-nitrogen mustard (LEO72a) alone also had a profound inhibitory effect, while a complex consisting of the nitrogen mustard linked in position 17 to dihydrotestosterone (DHT-17cyt) showed no inhibition. The possible intracellular mechanisms of action of the hormone cytostatic complexes are discussed. PMID- 1120642 TI - The physical properties of polyglycolic acid sutures (Dexon) in sterile and infected urine. AB - In a series of in vitro tests the time-dependent alteration of the resistance to breaking and of the extensibility of catgut and of polyglycolic acid sutures (Dexon) was examined. The threads were incubated in sterile and infected urine up to 10 days at 36 C. In the sterile urine environment Dexon dissolved on the 6th day and in the infected urine on the 3rd day. Catgut did not dissolve at all in the sterile urine and in the infected urine it dissolved only on the 8th day. In view of these results the use of Dexon in the urine environment may cause some concern, especially in an infection exists. PMID- 1120643 TI - The response of smooth muscle cells in the rabbit urinary bladder to outflow obstruction. AB - The morphologic response of smooth muscle cells in the urinary bladder to a standardized bladder neck obstruction and the cell changes subsequent to release of that obstruction were studied in both growing and adult rabbits. The bladder reacted first by gross dilation and then by concentric thickening of the wall at the expense of the lumen. Microscopically, thickening of the bladder wall was due to temporary submucosal edema, then to the increased fibrocollagenous connective tissue, and finally to the increased muscle mass which in part replaced the connective tissue. Hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells and their nuclei was apparent and this preceded cellular hyperplasia, which did not occur until 30 days after the obstruction was induced in the adult rabbits. In contrast, there was early hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells in the growing rabbits, followed by hypertrophy of the cells and their nuclei. In no instance could mitosis of smooth muscle cells be found in either young or adult rabbits. Quantitation showed that the degree of cellular hypertrophy was proportional to the duration of the obstruction. In the adult animal, the muscular thickening was mainly due to an initial 5 fold increase of the muscle cell volume together with a later 3 fold increase of muscle cell number. In the growing rabbits, the muscle cells first doubled in number and then after 8 weeks a 6 fold enlargement of cell volume contributed to the total muscular thickening. Upon release of obstruction in the adult rabbits, both enlarged cell and nuclear sizes regressed to normal values and the cell numbers gradually decreased to near normal values over periods up to 4 months after release. PMID- 1120644 TI - A quantitative study of smooth muscle cells in reflux, obstructed, and triad bladders. A preliminary report;. AB - This quantitative study has shown that the average size of the vesical smooth muscle cells of humans increases with age, whereas the average nuclear size remains constant. In the bladders of six babies with proven outflow obstruction, the cell size was signigicantly increased. In 23 of 25 bladders of infants and children with vesicoureteral reflux there was no apparent hypertrophy, but in two the cells were larger than normal and the micturition cystourethrograms exhibited features which may signify impairment of outflow. In two autopsy bladder specimens of two newborn, triad syndrome babies, there was no hypertrophy of muscle cells, indicating absence of obstruction in fetal life. Three giant bladders associated with rectovesical fistula deformities (two newborn specimens) and dyskinesia of the small and large bowel showed no hypertrophy of muscle cells, indicating that the enlargement was unlikely to be obstructive and appeared to be developmental in origin. Hypertrophy of muscle cells of the bladder indicated obstruction to the outflow, even when the degree of obstruction was mild. Muscle cell size can be measured on full thickness small surgical biopsy specimens prepared as paraffin sections and hence the method can be useful in clinical practice. PMID- 1120645 TI - Health effects of air pollution in Dublin. PMID- 1120646 TI - Preliminary observations on the technique of monitoring platelet aggregation in whole blood using a rotor system. PMID- 1120647 TI - Case report. Naevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis of Hoffman and Zurhele. PMID- 1120648 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 1120649 TI - Arterial portography in the management of portal hypertension. PMID- 1120650 TI - Attempted suicide, suicide and communal violence. PMID- 1120651 TI - Community medicine and our society. PMID- 1120652 TI - Parasuicide by self-poisoning. What do we do now? PMID- 1120653 TI - Some characteristics of drug abusers attending a drug treatment centre in Dublin. PMID- 1120654 TI - The hospital--community axis for the elderly. PMID- 1120655 TI - Surgical induction of labour with simultaneous Syntocinom infusion. PMID- 1120656 TI - Management of missed abortion, intrauterine death and hydatidiform mole using prostaglandin E2. PMID- 1120657 TI - Comparative study of labour induced by oral prostaglandin E2 and intravenous syntocinon. PMID- 1120658 TI - A comparative analysis of the basic obstetrical statistics in a temperate zone centre and a tropical centre. PMID- 1120659 TI - Medical and social characteristics of Irish residents whose pregnancies were terminated under the 1967 Abortion Act in 1971 and 1972. PMID- 1120660 TI - Dark shadow at the door. PMID- 1120661 TI - Bromelain as a skin cancer preventive in hairless mice. PMID- 1120662 TI - Cross-validation of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery: application in Hawaii. PMID- 1120663 TI - Loss of 137Cs and 60Co from the oyster Crassostrea gigas. PMID- 1120664 TI - Variation of the ratio of cesium-137 to strontium-90 in the atmosphere. PMID- 1120665 TI - Radiocesium in birds of the Savannah River Plant. PMID- 1120666 TI - Soil monitoring for plutonium at the Savannah River Plant. PMID- 1120667 TI - Concentrations of the medically useful radionuclides, technetium-99m and iodine 131 at a large metropolitan waste water treatment plant. PMID- 1120668 TI - The technologically enhanced natural radiation environment. PMID- 1120669 TI - In vivo dose estimates for A-bomb survivors shielded by typical Japanese houses. PMID- 1120670 TI - Dose distribution and neoplasia in the lung following intratracheal instillation of 239PuO2 and asbestos. PMID- 1120671 TI - Translocation kinetics of plutonium oxide from the popliteal lymph nodes of beagles. PMID- 1120672 TI - Effect of flow rate of lavage fluid on the removal of radioactive particles from the lung by bronchopulmonary lavage. PMID- 1120673 TI - The response of the 59Fe uptake system in rat femoral marrow exposed to various x ray energies. PMID- 1120674 TI - Dosimetric model for the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1120676 TI - Measurement of radioactive gases in ducts with a simple scintillation detector. PMID- 1120675 TI - An investigation of a composite neutron activation dosimeter. PMID- 1120677 TI - Energy spectra and fractional absorbed dose distributions in LET for 14-MeV neutrons. PMID- 1120678 TI - Particle current to fluence conversion for instruments of detection and for Monte Carlo simulated radiation transport. PMID- 1120679 TI - Timing device used at radiation dosimeter calibration. PMID- 1120680 TI - A study of the low energy background of a phoswich detector. PMID- 1120681 TI - Tritium contamination from fallout. PMID- 1120682 TI - High intrinsic TL of CaF2: Dy to U.V. Light. PMID- 1120683 TI - Rapid measurement of radon, decay products, unattached fractions, and working level values of mine atmospheres. PMID- 1120684 TI - A passive environmental neutron dosimeter. PMID- 1120685 TI - Changes in 137Cs concentration in fish flesh during preparation for human consumption. PMID- 1120686 TI - Method for calibrating 32P radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 1120687 TI - Counting shield for Ge (Li) detector. PMID- 1120688 TI - Letter: Note on "Isotropic incident flux in Monte Carlo calculations". PMID- 1120689 TI - [Fractures of the tibial head]. PMID- 1120690 TI - [Late results of 160 surgically treated head fractures]. PMID- 1120691 TI - [Late results of surgically treated tibial head fractures]. PMID- 1120692 TI - [Treatment of tibial head fractures. Comparative results (surgical - conservative treatment)]. PMID- 1120693 TI - [Results in 112 surgically treated distal femoral fractures]. PMID- 1120694 TI - [Distal femoral fracture. Results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 1120695 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of distal femoral fractures]. PMID- 1120696 TI - [Results of the treatment of distal femoral fractures]. PMID- 1120697 TI - [Distal femoral fractures. Discussion and recommendations]. PMID- 1120698 TI - [Patello-femoral joint. Causes, forms and concomittant injuries of the patella fracture]. PMID- 1120699 TI - [Late results in operated patella fractures]. PMID- 1120700 TI - [New principle of traction]. PMID- 1120701 TI - [Resection of the patella pole (indication, technics and results)]. PMID- 1120702 TI - [Total patellectomy (indication, technics and results)]. PMID- 1120703 TI - [Aseptic partial necrosis of the ligamentum patellae after patellectomy and previous knee injuries]. PMID- 1120704 TI - [Causes, forms and concomitant injuries of the tibial head fractures]. PMID- 1120705 TI - [Automatic determination of serum triglycerides using the Technicon autoanalyzer]. PMID- 1120706 TI - ["Methods for kidney biopsy"]. PMID- 1120707 TI - [Cholestasis-lipoprotein LP-X]. PMID- 1120708 TI - [HBAg-antibodies as therapeutic agent]. PMID- 1120709 TI - [Reye's syndrome: acute fatty liver with encephalopathy in childhood]. PMID- 1120710 TI - [Aspirin-intolerance or aspirin-allergy?]. PMID- 1120711 TI - [Biochemical diagnosis of schizophrenia]. PMID- 1120712 TI - [Serogenetic differentiation of presenile dementias]. PMID- 1120713 TI - [Natural radiation exposure of the earth population]. PMID- 1120714 TI - [Glucocorticoids in pulmonology]. PMID- 1120715 TI - [Letter: Comment on the contribution by H. Glatzel: Dietary fats--a comparison. Hippokrates 45 (1974) 291ff. G. Robbelen]. PMID- 1120716 TI - [Letter: Answer by H. Glatzel to the preceding letter by G. Robbelen]. PMID- 1120717 TI - [Abnormalities caused by the "pill"?]. PMID- 1120718 TI - [Malformation syndrome in trisomy of chromosome No. 8]. PMID- 1120719 TI - [Malformation syndrome in 4p trisomy]. PMID- 1120720 TI - [Malformation syndrome in triploidy of genome]. PMID- 1120721 TI - [Combined autogenous cartilage and fascia grafting of the tympanic membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120722 TI - [Histochemical studies on chronic palatine tonsillitis and hypertrophied pharyngeal tonsils in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120723 TI - [Olfactometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120724 TI - [Comparative measurement of nasal airway resistance by means of posterior rhinometry, body plethysmography and a modified interruption technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120725 TI - [Formation of granuloma in the oval window as a complication after stapedectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120726 TI - [Healing of fractures of the nasal bones in children: a radiological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 1120727 TI - A mucocutaneous disease in the dog, resembling pemphigus vulgaris in man. AB - A chronic mucocutaneous disease was diagnosed in 3 dogs. Clinically, the disease was characterized by erosions and ulcerations of the oral mucosa, various mucocutaneous junctions, and the skin. Histologically, there was acantholysis or a separation of the epithelial cells from one another, resulting in the formation of clefts and bullae. Based on clinical and laboratory findings, the disease seemed to be the canine equivalent of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) in man. PMID- 1120728 TI - Transport tetany (Hypocalcemia) in a band of western ewes. PMID- 1120729 TI - Brucella canis isolated from the eye of a dog. PMID- 1120730 TI - Hydronephrosis secondary to focal papillary hyperplasia of the urinary bladder of cattle. AB - Focal papillary hyperplasia in the trigone of the urinary bladder caused partial urethral and ureteral obstruction in 4 Holstein-Friesian cows. Secondary chronic hydronephrosis resulted in clinical and laboratory evidence of chronic renal failure. PMID- 1120731 TI - Left displacement of the abomasum in a clinically normal cow. AB - A cow with left displacement of the abomasum (lda) was found to be clinically normal for 1 1/2 years. During this period, the cow calved twice and ate and produced milk normally. Auscultation and percussion at approximately weekly intervals revealed the continuing abomasal displacement, which was confirmed at necropsy. PMID- 1120732 TI - Experiences with a veterinary preceptorial program. AB - An off-campus, practitioner-supervised training (preceptorial) program for veterinary students at Michigan State University was developed and introduced in the fall of 1972. The program was designed to meet the needs of students concentrating on food animal medicine. It has enabled senior students to receive degeee credit for on-the-job experience with practitioners. Students opting for the program gain experience and knowledge in segments of clinical veterinary medicine that are most available with off-campus practitioners. Exposure of students to the clinical abilities of private practitioners, the case method of study, and diagnostics in a realistic environment are the goals of the program. The program has afforded faculty members and private practitioners meaningful insights into the changing face of veterinary education. Indeed, the consensus of the faculty in the Department of Large Animal Surgery and Medicine at Michigan State University is that an off-campus curriculum. Participating students and practitioners report that the program has been successful and is worthy of expansion and continuation. Both groups rate the program favorably and believe it has been a worthwhile teaching-learning experience. PMID- 1120733 TI - Letter: Flea collars. PMID- 1120734 TI - Letter: The military veterinarian. PMID- 1120735 TI - Experimentally induced vitamin E-selenium deficiency in the growing dog. AB - Eight 5-to 8-week-old Beagle pups were allotted to 4 groups of 2 dogs each. For 55 to 70 days, they were fed either a semisynthetic basal diet (BD) deficient in vitamin E and selenium (Se) (group 1) or the BD supplemented with either 30 IU alpha-tocopherol/kg (group 2), 0.5 ppm Se as selenite (group 3), or 1.0 ppm Se as selenite (group 4). In the dogs fed the BD, clinical signs of vitamin E-Se deficiency developed after 40 to 60 days. These signs were accompanied by increased plasma activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT). The dogs were euthanatized after 10 to 15 days of progressive clinical signs, including muscular weakness, subcutaneous edema, anorexia, depression, dyspnea, and eventual coma. Gross lesions seen at necropsy included ventral subcutaneous edema, generalized skeletal muscular pallor and edema with scattered white longitudinal streaking, prominent brownish yellow discoloration of the intestinal musculature, and a layer of white chalky material at the renal corticomedullary junction. Microscopically, there was evidence of extensive skeletal muscular degeneration and regeneration, focal subendocardial necrosis in the ventricular myocardium, intestinal lipofuscinosis, and renal mineralization. Mean hepatic Se content in the dogs fed the BD was 0.10 ppm (wet weight basis) at necropsy. In the dogs fed the 3 supplemented diets, clinical signs of deficiency did not develop. At necropsy, mild skeletal myopathy was evident histologically in the dogs fed BD and 0.5 ppm Se (group 3) but not in the dogs fed the other supplemented diets. Intestinal lipofuscinosis was found in the dogs fed the 3 supplemented diets but was less severe in the dogs fed the diet supplemented with vitamin E than in those fed diets supplemented with Se. PMID- 1120736 TI - Cervical abscess and pharyngeal fistula in a horse. AB - A weanling Quarter Horse filly developed ventral swelling of the lower cervical area after difficult passage of a stomach tube for deworming. Intermittent bilateral nasal discharge developed. Radiography revealed fluid and gas density dorsal to the trachea and esophagus. Surgical incision with drainage and debridement of the abscess and fistulous tract, facilitated by use of drains, led to complete recovery. Contrast medium injected after surgery demonstrated a communication between the abscess and the pharyngeal region. PMID- 1120737 TI - Osteopetrosis in two Hereford calves. PMID- 1120738 TI - Cerebrospinal nematodiasis in sheep. PMID- 1120739 TI - The challenge of aquaculture for veterinarians. PMID- 1120740 TI - Coagulation studies during experimental hemoglobinemia in humans. AB - Infusion of autologous hemolyzed blood in humans has served as a model for various experimental investigations for many years. Numerous studies have shown this model to be unattended by any adverse clinical reactions. In this study evidence of subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was sought in normal humans infused with autologous hemolyzed blood. Hemoglobinemia was induced in 10 experiments by a single injection of frozen-thawed blood and in 4 experiments by such an injection of hemolysate followed by a 5-h maintenance infusion. Mean peak plasma hemoglobin following single dose injections was 540 mg/100 ml, while levels during continuous infusion averaged 240 mg/100 ml. The induction of hemoglobinemia was asymptomatic. Coagulation studies showed no significant alteration in prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, clottable fibrinogen, or WBC. Fibrin degradation products were not found. Platelet counts fell slightly in the 5-min postinfusion sample but returned to preinfusion levels within 30 min, suggesting a temporary sequestration of platelets rather than consumption. The induction of moderate brief experimental hemoglobinemia in normal subjects did not result in the development of demonstrable DIC. PMID- 1120741 TI - Flow and age dependence of airway closure and dynamic compliance. AB - The influence of expiratory flow rate and age on the results of measurement of closing volume (CV) of the lung have been studied by a nitrogen single-breath method in 66 asymptomatic lifetime nonsmoking normal subjects between 20 and 82 yr of age. Normal was defined as having values for spirometric measurements within a 95% tolerance interval of reported predicted normal mean values. For the CV determination, inspiratory flow rate was held constant at 0.51/s and studies were carried out at expiratory flow rates of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 1/s. Our results show that CV expressed as a percentage of vital capacity (VC) and the slope of the alveolar plateau increases with increasing flow rate and age. Dynamic compliance (Cdyn) at frequencies corresponding to peak flow rates of 0.5 and 1.5 1/s was also measured and correlated well with the CV results. Frequency dependence of compliance with aging was demonstrated. Nine smokers with normal spirometric measurements and abnormal CV %VC were also studied. Since the results of Cdyn measurement differentiated only two-thirds of the smokers from the normal population, we suggest that the CV method is probably more sensitive than the Cdyn method for the detection of small airway obstruction. PMID- 1120742 TI - Effect of physical training on the metabolism of thyroid hormones in man. AB - The effect of a 6-wk program of physical training (track running) on the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) was evaluated in a group of 11 men. Measurements were made of hormone turnover, urinay and fecal clearances, plasma hormone concentrations, and hormone binding by plasma proteins in all subjects before and after training, After training, metabolic clearance of T3 was increased 8.5% above the pretraining level due to an increased deiodinative clearance of this hormone. No significant change was observed in plasma T3 concentration. The absolute degradation of T3 increased 10.3% after training. In contrast, no significant change in the metabolic clearance of T4 was detected. Significantly decreased plasma concentration of total T4 after 4 and 6 wk of training was apparently not due to decreased hormone binding by plasma protein since no significant alteration in the dialyzable fraction of T4 was detected. The absolute degradation rate of T4 was decreased 8.8% after training. Possible implications of the observed differential impact of training on the degradation of T4 and T3 regarding thyroid hormone economy are discussed. PMID- 1120743 TI - Assessment of the degradation of thyroid hormones in man during bed rest. AB - The effect of bed rest on the absolute turnover rates of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), was evaluated in man. Bed rest resulted in physical deconditioning, measured by a decreased rate of maximal oxygen consumption; physical deconditioning was associated with no significant alterations in the metabolic clearance of T4 and T3. Plasma concentrations of these iodothyronines were not changed as a result of bed rest. Absolute hormone turnover rates were similar in control and bed-rest subjects. The data suggest that the degradation of thyroid hormones is not influenced by physical deconditioning or hypodynamia. PMID- 1120744 TI - Inflection point on transpulmonary pressure-volume curves and closing volume. AB - In 20 healthy subjects and 18 patients with bronchial obstruction, closing volume (CV) on single-breath nitrogen washout curves and inflection point (IP) on transpulmonary pressure-volume curves were recorded simultaneously during slow expiratory vital capacity maneuvers. IP and CV did not occur at identical lung volumes, IP being systematically larger than CV for small CV values. This discrepancy could not be attributed to an esophageal or mediastinal artifact. It is suggested that, though CV and IP both express "airway closure," their sensitivity to closure may differ: CV underestimates closure because of a dead space effect; the latter may vary individually. On the other hand, IP may not reflect the true beginning of closure, particularly when it occurs at higher lung volumes. PMID- 1120745 TI - Glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized and normal dogs during rest and acute cold exposure. AB - Uniformly labeled (14C)glucose was infused iv at a constant rate into unanesthetized surgically thyroidectomized (THY) and normal dogs during the basal state at 22 degrees C and during cold exposure at 4-5 degrees C. 02 uptake, CO2 output, and plasma glucose levels were determined; from these rates of glucose turnover and oxidation were calculated. Comparison of THY with normal dogs shows that at a mean plasma glucose level of 103 mg/100 ml, a significantly lower glucose turnover rate was observed in THY dogs on the basis of a kg body weight, body surface area (m-2), but not per cal BMR. The same percentage of glucose turnover was immediately oxidized in THY and normal dogs, accounting for 16 and 15% of the total caloric expenditure, respectively. Acute cold exposure increased energy expenditure in both THY and normal dogs without a change in glucose level or turnover rate. However, the percentage of glucose turnover which was immediately oxidized as well as the amount of glucose oxidized increased significantly and proportionally to the increase in energy expenditure so that the percent of calories derived from plasma glucose oxidation remained the same as that observed during the control period. PMID- 1120746 TI - A test of time invariance in models of ferrokinetics. AB - Application of a particular mathematical property of time-invariant systems to experimental data obtained from injection and infusion of radioactive tracer iron in normal subjects is used to show that the generally applied assumption of time invariance to ferrokinetic systems is unjustified and may lead to substantial errors in analysis. PMID- 1120748 TI - Sleep metabolism and age. AB - Continuous recordings were made of oxygen consumption (VO2) and EEG, EMG, and EOG during two nights of sleep for 20 men who were between 19 and 63 yr. old. There was a linear decrease in overnight oxygen consumption with age, even though the older men slept less and woke more often than the younger ones. On the first night, VO2 was higher, and sleep stages less like normal than on the second. In the second night data, individual oxygen consumptions averaged over the whole night ranged from 138 to 482 ml/min (61-247 ml/m2timesmin). No relationship appeared between stage of sleep and VO2 level, but there was usually a decline in VO2 in the first hour of sleep, and a slow rise in the 2-3 h before awaking. Periodic breathing was observed in the men older than 45 yr. PMID- 1120747 TI - Nature of induction of tryptophan pyrrolase in cold exposure. AB - The activity of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase in rats exposed to cold increased rapidly and reached a maximum of three-fold at 8 h. On continued exposure up to 48 h stress, the activity partly decreased but remained at a level higher than the initial. Withdrawal from the cold stress reversed the change. Adrenalectomy or treatment with inhibitors of protein synthesis abolished the increase in the enzyme activity during cold stress indicating a possible involvement of corticosteroids and de novo protein synthesis. Treatment with drugs known to block autonomic nervous system failed to inhibit the cold-mediated increase in enzyme activity. The results suggest that the increase in enzyme activity obtained on cold exposure is mediated by corticosteroids and not by either indoleaklylamines or autonomic nervous system. The changes in the enzyme obtained under cold stress with respect to the overshoot phenomenon, relationship to the degree of stress and reversibility on withdrawal from the stress indicate the "adaptate" nature of the response. PMID- 1120749 TI - Longitudinal studies of aging in 37 men. AB - The physiological adjustments of the men to both aerobic (5.6 km/h, up 9% grade), and maximal treadmill work were first determined when they were healthy college students, ages 18-22 yr. They were restudied at ages 40-44, and again at ages 49 53 yr. In the aerobic walk VO2 increased in proportion to weight gain, but efficiency did not change with age. The men who had gained most weight showed the greatest elevations of heart rate, blood lactate and "ventilatory equivalent," and reductions of the "O2 pulse" in the walk. At age 50 mean "O2 pulse" in exhausting work had declined 13%, even though mean maximal heart rate had declined 15 beats/min from values observed in youth. At ages 40-44 yr mean VO2 max had declined 25% to values 12% lower than mean values reported in 1938 for men of this age. Eight of the men imporved an average of 11% in VO2 max between ages 40-44 and 49-53 yr; mean VO2 max of the others continued to decline with age. The five men who improved most had increased their participation in vigorous activities (tennis, squash, skiing, jogging, etc.) and had quit or reduced their smoking. PMID- 1120750 TI - Brain temperature during reversible upper respiratory bypass. AB - Seven male New Zealand white rabbits were trained to run in an exercise wheel. At least 5 days prior to experimentation, each rabbit had a reversible tracheal bypass canula and a hypothalamic thermocouple guide tube chronically implanted. The reversible tracheal bypass enabled the rabbit to breathe normally (through its upper respiratory pathways) or to be placed on bypass (breathe through its neck). Prior to and following exercise, hypothalamic temperature in rabbits breathing normally was lower than rectal temperature. This difference was greatest following a mild heat stress induced by exercise. When the rabbits breathed through the bypass, there were no differences between hypothalamic and rectal temperature. These data suggest that even in a species such as the rabbit, which lacks a carotid rate, hypothalamic temperature is influenced by upper respiratory cooking of venous blood and that the ensuing transfer of heat from the warmer internal carotid artery to the cooler venous sinuses can effectively cool the brain. PMID- 1120751 TI - Cardiac acceleration in man elicited by a muscle-heart reflex. AB - The shortening of the R-R interval in response to voluntary and electrically induced isometric muscle contractions of short duration was investigated in 15 volunteers. In some of those experiments the effect of vagal blockade was also studied. The results show: 1) a lag time between the start of the contraction and the following decrease in R-R interval duration of 550 milliseconds; 2) a similar R-R interval response due to voluntary and electrically induced contractions of the same force; 3) no shortening of the R-R interval when the skin is stimulated without ensuing muscular contraction; 4) a complete disappearance of the response to isometric contractions during vagal blockade. A difference in lag time between the onset of arm contraction and cardiac acceleration could not be demonstrated. Most of the results give strong evidence to the existence of a muscle-heart reflex in man, involved in the instantaneous cardiac acceleration at the onset of exercise, that has its origin in the muscles and the vagal nerves as its efferent pathway. PMID- 1120752 TI - Relative susceptibility of altitude-acclimatized mice to acute oxygen toxicity. AB - The influence of hypoxic acclimatization at altitudes of 0, 5,000, or 15,000 ft on the relative susceptibility to acute oxygen poisoning was determined in 288 adult female mice. After acclimatization periods of 1, 2, 4, or 8 wk, the mice were exposed to oxygen at high pressures (OHP) of 4, 6, or 9 ATA and the times to convulsion and death recorded. A factorial analysis of variance indicated that altitude and OHP level had inverse, log-linear effects on both parameters. The duration of acclimatization progressively decreased the time to death. The onset of convulsions and death was independent of body weight. There were significant interactions on the measured parameters between various combinations of altitude, OHP level, and duration of acclimatization. While alterations in the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid and high-energy compounds are common to both hypoxia and hyperoxia, the most plausible explanation of the results relates to the decrease in buffer base induced by hypoxic acclimatization which might have caused CO2 potentiation of OHP symptoms. PMID- 1120753 TI - Excretion of retained fluoride in man. AB - In fluoride studies performed in man the excess fluoride excretions in urine and stool over and above the base-line excretions were determined following the discontinuation of fluoride supplements. The fluoride supplements contained either 9.1 mg fluoride as sodium fluoride, given daily for 32 days, or 7.6 mg fluoride as fish protein concentrate (FPC), given daily for 26 days. Following discontinuation of these fluoride supplements the excess fluoride excretions were low and of short duration, in most cases for 6-12 days. Since the fluoride supplements were given for a known period of time, the fluoride retention could be calculated from the fluoride balances, and the excess fluoride excretion corresponded to 9.1% of the retained fluoride given as NaF and to 14.1% of the retained fluoride given as FPC. The excess fluoride was predominantly excreted via the kidney, i.e., 87% of the total excess fluoride excretion was passed in urine and only 13% in stool. PMID- 1120754 TI - Changes of thermal balance induced by passive heating in resting man. AB - Heat acclimatization has been induced in 12 resting healthy men by 90-min exposure to 45C dry bulb and 24% relative humidity for 9 successive days. The most significant results ovserved were 1) increased sensitivity of sweating with marked quickening of sweat measured, 2) decreased rate of body heat storage associated with a lower rectal temperature at end of exposure, as follows: 14.07 plus or minus 1.58 Wtimeshtimeskg-1 before and 9.39 plus or minus 1.69 afterward for body heat storage; 37.55 plus or minus 0.15C before and 36.99 plus or minus 0.24C afterward for rectal temperature. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the final sweat rates, mean skin temperatures, or the heat conductance between the body interior and skin surface. The quickness of the heat dissipation process caused by both increased sensitivity of sweating and lower internal body temperature is the major factor in achieving a thermal balance and a decreased body heat content after acclimatization. PMID- 1120755 TI - Maximal aerobic capacity at different levels of carboxyhemoglobin. AB - Previous studies had indicated that maximum aerobic power (VO2 max) would be seriously impaired when HbCO levels were above 7% but was not altered if HbCO was around 2.7%. The present studies indicated that the critical level at which HbCO influenced VO2 max was approximately 4.3%. This was accompanied as in the above noted studied with a reduction in total work time to the attainment of VO2 max. Two procedures to raise HbCO to appropriate levels were employed, i.e., a buildup wherin HbCO was incrementally increased by breathing ambient air containing 75 or 100 ppm CO and a bolus plus maintenance procedure. In the latter, HbCO was raised to the level attained in the buildup test by giving a "bolus" of CO followed by the continued inhalation of CO at a level to just maintain this level of HbCO regardless of the magnitude of the ventilation. Regardless of the mode of presentation, the decrement in VO2 max occurred at the same level of HbCO. These observations are of considerable significance, since it indicated that even low ambient levels of CO (23.7 ppm) would result in lowering maximum aerobic power if the individual had been previously exposed to CO such that the level was raised to this critical point. PMID- 1120756 TI - Pulmonary venous waterfall and perivenous pressure in the living dog. AB - Evidence has been obtained that a waterfall effect occurs in the pulmonary veins of the living dog. Anesthetized open-chest dogs were used. Small catheters were passed from the left atrium retrogradely up the pulmonary veins and venous tributaries until they finally pierced the venous walls. They were then pulled out through the surface of the lung until their bellshaped inner ends wedged in small side branches of the vein. They were used to measure upstream venous pressures via the occluded tributary without occlusion of the vein. The pulmonary lymphatics and bronchial circulation were untouched. Alveolar pressure (transpulmonary pressure, Ptp) was held constant during the periods of measurement. We found that intrapulmonary (upstream) venous pressures did not rise with elevation of left atrial (downstream) pressures at any Ptp until a pressure of at least 7 cmH2O above the base of the lung was exceeded. This left atrial pressure (below which a venous waterfall or flow-limiting segment effect was present) increased with Ptp when Ptp exceeded about 15 cmH2O. The waterfall occurs in the larger veins at the lung surface. Its presence and location suggest that intrapulmonary veins in the living animal are held open by the surrounding lung tissue and that neither the flow through them nor their contained volume is influenced by left atrial pressure when this is low. PMID- 1120757 TI - A new method for the measurement of percent oxyhemoglobin. AB - A new method is presented for the spectrophotometric determination of percent oxyhemoglobin (percent saturation) in whole blood. The method is based on a theory of light absorption and scattering by particulate suspensions and requires the measurement of optical densities (D) of blood at three closely spaced wavelengths. The contribution of scattering to the optical density at each wavelength is determined from optical density values at two isosbestic wavelengths (546 and 520 nm) and the optical density at the third wavelength (555 nm) is related to the extent of oxygenation of the hemoglobin. The wavelength independence of the scattering contribution (B) induced by red cells was established from 510 and 575 nm. The optical density of red blood cell suspensions was measured with a spectrophotometer and a linear relationship was found between percent saturation and the corrected optical density ratio, (D555 B)/(D546 B). For a given saturation, this ratio was independent of optical path length (0.1-2 mm) and hematocrit (3-50%). PMID- 1120758 TI - Measurement of percent oxyhemoglobin in the microvasculature. AB - A new method is applied to the determination of percent oxyhemoglobin (percent saturation) in whole blood. The method is based on a theoretical treatment of light absorption and scattering by particulate suspensions and requires the measurement of optical densities (D) of blood at three closely spaced wavelengths. The optical density of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions was measured with a video microdensitometer and a linear relationship was found between percent saturation and the corrected optical density ratio, (D555 B)/(D546 B). For a given saturation, this ratio was independent of optical path length (12 mum 2 mm), hematocrit (3-50%), and RBC velocity (1.5-17 mm/s). The applicability to microvascular measurements has been assessed through the use of TV microdensitometry on micropipettes with flowing RBCs and on microvessels in the hamster cheek pouch. PMID- 1120759 TI - Moment analysis of multibreath lung washout. AB - A moment analysis of multibreath nitrogen washout has been developed to provide a sensitive, quantitative measure that characterizes the inhomogeneity of pulmonary ventilation. To test the analysis scheme, we studied 5 normal subjects and 16 subjects with obstructive lung disease who performed each washout test at constant tidal volume and frequency. Subjects executed the wahout test 3-4 times at different tidal volumes (0.5-1.5 liters) and frequencies (10-30/min). Plotting washout data as dimensionless end-tidal nitrogen concentration versus the cumulative expired volume normalized by the functional residual capacity (CEV/FRC) renders the washout curves of each individual almost superposab le despite changes in breathing frequency and tidal volume from test to test. The dimensionless washout curve is treated as a distribution from which the normalized first (M1/Mo) and second (M2/Mo) moments are obtained. These parameters clearly display diagnostic clustering for various disease states. With respect to the normal subjects, the magnitude of M1/Mo was 26% greater for asthmatics, 38% greater for bronchitics, and 52% greater for emphysematics. This moment analysis provides an objective, quantitative assessment of the extent of ventilation inhomogeneities without specification of a lung model. PMID- 1120760 TI - A method for the assessment of phasic vagal influence on tidal volume. AB - Vagal influence related to lung volume changes results in reduction in tidal volume during spontaneous breathing due primarily to premature termination of inspiration. The strength of this vagal influence was traditionally assessed by the duration of apnea following lung inflation, a method recently shown to be inadequate and potentially misleading. An alternate method is described utilizing analysis of the volume tracing of spontaneous breaths and the tracheal pressure tracing during the first breath following airway occlusion at FRC. A formula was devised which, on the basis of previous observations, should predict the tidal volume to be obtained in the absence of phasic vagal influence. The formula was tested in four pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits using a technique of vagal cooling which rapidly eliminated the vagal influence under study. It was found that the tidal volume obtained following vagal block could be accurately predicted provided allowances were made for the vagally mediated terminal inhibition during spontaneous breathing and the relative stiffness of the respiratory system at high lung volumes. PMID- 1120761 TI - A microindentation technique to measure rheological properties of the vascular intima. AB - A microindentor was developed to measure the depth of indentation of the intimal surface of arterial tissue loaded by flat-ended, cylindrical probes. The depth of indentation depended on the initial stretch of the tissue which required a rigid support (plaster of Paris) beneath the adventitial surface. Probe tips used ranged from 550-mum down to 65-mum diameter while loads ranged from 800 to 15 mg. The depth of indentation was markedly time dependent; that obtained 30 s after loading (variation of 30) was reproducible and served as a useful parameter of viscoelasticity of the aortic intima and supporting tissues of dog and man. The mean variation of 30 (0.19-mm diam tip, 120-mg load), obtained from longitudinal series of indentations of nine dog aortas, ranged from 40.8 to 68.8 mum while coefficient of variation in these series ranged from 4.8 to 15.9%. Intimal pads were found to have greater resistance to identation than adjacent tissue; likewise the tissue on the dorsal, intimal surface of the aorta had lower variation of 30 values compared with the rest of the intima. Lipid-filled intimal regions were about twice as complaint as macroscopically spared areas. The technique should prove useful in understanding the microrheological response of the blood vascular interface to hydrodynamic stresses. PMID- 1120762 TI - A simple relation between performance in running and maximal aerobic power. AB - As the cost of running amounts to about 1 cal per m covered and per kg of body weight, when the aerobic power (VO2, ml/min kg) is known and the energy from glycolysis assumed to be about equal to the energy from oxidations in 1 min, the time employed to cover a given distance can be predicted: a nomogram is given to facilitate the calculation. Conversely from the time employed to cover a given distance the aerobic power in VO2, ml/kg times min can be calculated. PMID- 1120763 TI - Apparatus for intracellular electrophysiological measurements at 200 ATA. AB - An apparatus has been constructed and tested at pressures to 200 ATA which meets the basic requirements for intracellular microelectrode work. Standard microelectrodes, unaffected by pressure in this range, were used with lobster axon and frog sartorius fibers and action potentials have been recorded at pressure up to 151 ATA. The chamber itself has a simple roll-in door and a modular design that recommends it as a highly convenient multipurpose vessel for work at moderately high pressures. PMID- 1120764 TI - A system to regulate aortic pressure in the rat. AB - A servo-controlled aortic clamp has been designed and used for the first time in the anesthetized rat to control femoral arterial pressure. An electrical schematic is given and details of the mechanical clamp used to compress the abdominal aorta are shown. The system has a long-term (30 min) mean pressure control of plus or minus 2 mmHg although some 1-2 s transients of plus or minus 3 mm may occur. It responds to a desired step change in pressure in less than 2 s. The system allows accurate and convenient control of aortic pressure and minimizes the technical difficulties encountered when one attempts similar control by manual means. It therefore facilitates investigation of the effect of transient or steady-state changes in arterial pressure on organ function, e.g., autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 1120765 TI - Permanent cannulation of the hepatic portal vein in rats. AB - A technique is described for chronic cannulation of the hepatic portal vein in rats. The T-shaped cannula is made in the laboratory from polyethylene tubing. Implantation of the cannula allows injection or blood withdrawal in a small laboratory animal which is unanesthetized and unrestrained. Simultaneous implantation of intracardotid and intraportal cannulas permits comparisons of blood composition in order to study the role of the liver or intestinal absorption. PMID- 1120766 TI - A bidirectional respiratory flowmeter using the hot-wire principle. AB - We have devised a bidirectional respiratory flowmeter using the hot-wire principle. The flow-direction sensor consists of a pair of tungsten wires strung parallel to the platinum hot-wire one on each side of the platinum wire. When the gas stream passes through the transducer, the upstream wire is cooled and the downstream wire is heated by the gas stream producing a temperature difference between the two tungsten wires. The difference in resistance thus produced between them is detected and amplified by a differential amplifier whose output serves as a triggering signal of flow inversion. The switching times of the flow inversion of the present instrument are 3 ms during panting and 10 ms during quiet breathing, when the distances from the platinum wire to the tungsten wires are 1.6 mm. Artifacts produced by the delay in switching are practically negligible. The flowmeter can be adapted for many kinds of respiratory flow measurement, except under the condition when inflammable gases are used. PMID- 1120767 TI - Technique for accurately producing desired carboxyhemoglobin levels during rest and exercise. AB - A method is described for accurately adjusting a subject's blood carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) level and then maintaining this level during either rest or exercise. The data presented describe the constancy with which HbCO levels (between 3 and 5% HbCO)were maintained despite varying the inspired ventilatory volumes from 5 to 120 1/min (BTPS). After an initial bolus inhalation of CO to bring the blood HbCO to a desired level, the concentration of CO in the inspired air to maintain this level of HbCO can be predicted from the following equation: COI (ppm) = desired %HbCO divided by 0.180. PMID- 1120768 TI - Nonrebreathing valve for respiratory measurements in unsedated small mammals. AB - A nonrebreathing valve for measuring the respiratory volumes and gas exchange of unsedated, trained small mammals is described. The valve was easily fabricated from Plexiglas and latex flaps cut from a surgical glove. It has a low dead space and airflow restance and can be scaled to fit a variety of small mammal species. Ten hamsters were trained to breathe through the valve while expirate was collected. Respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute volume, O2 uptake, CO2 output, respiratory exchange ratio, and ventilatory equivalent were measured. PMID- 1120769 TI - The reciprocal nature of influence between leader and subordinate. PMID- 1120770 TI - Leader structure and subordinate satisfaction for two hospital administrative levels: a path analysis approach. PMID- 1120771 TI - Relation between peer perception of leader behavior and instructor-pilot performance. PMID- 1120772 TI - Relationships of cessation of smoking with job stress, personality, and social support. PMID- 1120773 TI - Relationship between organizational climate and the situational favorableness dimension of Fiedler's contingency model. PMID- 1120774 TI - Guanosine triphosphate binding sites in solubilized myocardium. Relation to adenylate cyclase activity. AB - Binding of (3H)GTP to solubilized preparations of myocardial adenylate cyclase, partially purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, as been studied in an attempt to gain further insight into the mechanisms by which guanine nucleotides regulate adenylate cyclase activity. Although several peaks of (3H)GTP-binding activity were present in crude preparations of solubilized myocardium, one peak was associated with the adenylate cyclase peak. Binding of (3H)GTP to this material was rapid (equilibrium within 3 min at 37 degrees) and reversible and not associated with nucleotide hydrolysis. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of (3H)GTP binding sites with KA = 3 x 10-6 M-1 and total binding capacity of 50 pmol per mg of protein. The GTP analog Gpp(NH)p competed for the sites with an affinity somewhat lower than GTP, although its ability to activate the adenylate cyclase was far greater. GTP and other guanine nucleotides activated the soluble cyclase only weakly, although they antagonized competitively enzyme stimulation by Gpp(NH)p. Ability of GTP and other nucleotides to compete with (3H)GTP for binding sites and to antagonize competitively adenylate cyclase activation by Gpp(NH)p were directly parallel. The potency series was GTP = GDP = dGTP greater than GMP greater than ITP greater than UTP, CTP. Dissociation constants of nucleotides for the sites determined by inhibition of (3H)GTP binding and inhibition of Gpp(NH)p activation of cyclase agreed closely. Gpp(NH)p dose-response curves for activation of adenylate cyclase and inhibition of (3H)GTP binding were superimposable. PMID- 1120775 TI - Enzyme deletions and essential fatty acid metabolism in cultured cells. AB - Conversion of 14C-labeled linoleic acid to dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acids, precursors of the PG1 and PG2 series of prostaglandins, was examined in a number of mammalian cell lines in tissue culture. Diploid cells converted linoleate to arachidonate in good yield. Heteroploid or transformed cells did not desaturate linoleic acid but readily converted dihomo-gamma-[14C]linolenate to arachidonate. These observations demonstrate that separate delta6 and delta5 desaturases are involved in the conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid in mammals. The results indicate that loss or modification of the delta6 desaturase system is a frequent occurrence in transformed cells. PMID- 1120776 TI - Activation of pigeon erythrocyte membrane adenylate cyclase by guanylnucleotide analogues and separation of a nucleotide binding protein. AB - Metabolically stable GTP analogues were 10 to 40 times more potent activators of DL-isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) from pigeon erythrocyte membranes that GTP. The order of effectiveness was guanosine-5'-O-(3 thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) greater than guanylyl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) greater than guanylyl methylenediphosphonate (Gpp(CH2)p greater than GTP. In contrast to activation with GTP, activation by analogues was independent of ATP concentration. The analogues seem to bind, however, to the same regulatory sites in membrane preparations to which GTP is bound but with higher affinity; Kdiss for (14C)Gpp-(nh)p and (3H)Gpp(CH2)p and membranes was 0.7 and 2.4 x 10-7 M, respectively. DL-Isoproterenol did not increase the amount of guanylnucleotide bound, it merely accelerated and potentiated activation. Bound radioactive GTP analogues were recovered unchanged from the membrane pellet. This and mutual displacement of analogues and GTP ruled out covalent attachment of the whole or of part of the nonphosphorylating GTP analogues. Treatment of the membrane preparation with Gpp(NH)p effectively (greater than 80%) protected DL isoproterenol-activated adenylate cyclase against the action of Filipin or Lubrol PX. Activation of membrane-bound adenylate cyclase with GTP analogues resulted in a stable enzyme which could be nearly completely resolved from membranes with Lubrol PX and stripped of lipids and detergent without loss of activity. This effect was synergistically amplified by DL-isoproterenol. A protein fraction with an apparent molecular weight of 230,000, containing about 90% of (14C)Gpp(NH)p originally bound to membranes, could be solubilized and separated from adenylate cyclase activity by chromatography on Sepharose 4B. The binding protein was purified about 40- to 80-fold from activated membranes. Removal of the nucleotide binding protein was also achieved by affinity chromatography with GTP gamma S coupled to Sepharose via a spacer. When membranes which were not or only weakly and reversibly activated (with GMP) were used as source of the soluble preparation, removal of the binding protein resulted in 75% loss of Gpp(NH)p activation without change in basal and Mg2+/F-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. It is assumed that the GTP analogues cause an unphysiological, irreversible activation of membrane-bound adenylate cyclase, because, in contrast to the natural guanylnucleotides whose action they mimic, they are metabolically inert and bound quasi-irreversibly to regulatory sites. PMID- 1120777 TI - Alteration of human erythrocyte membrane properties by complement fixation. AB - Erythrocyte survival studies of complement-coated radiolabeled erythrocytes have shown rapid removal of these cells from the peripheral blood with a return of these cells into the circulation within a few hours. We studied complement-coated human erythrocytes and measured surface charge and deformability, two parameters believed to be important in erythrocyte survival. Erythrocytes were coated with complement by two in vitro techniques: the addition of (a) low ionic strength sucrose, and (b) IgM cold agglutinins. Erythrocytes obtained from three patients with cold agglutinin disease were used as a source of in vivo complement-coated cells. No difference was found in surface charge as measured by electrophoretic mobility between erythrocytes from normal subjects and complement-coated erythrocytes from any of the three sources. When deformability was measured by filtration through 3-mum polycarbonate sieves, marked decreases in deformability were found in complement-coated erythrocytes. The filtration returned toward control levels by incubating the complement-coated erythrocytes in serum for 1 h and correlated with decreases in immune adherence. Using screen filtration pressure as a measure of deformability, a positive correlation between number of C3 molecules per erythrocyte and decreased deformability was found. C3b appeared responsible for the decreased deformability of the erythrocytes, since conversion of C3b to C3d resulted in a return of deformability toward normal. The data suggested that the sequestration of complement-coated human erythrocytes in the microvasculature can be explained in part by decreased deformability and changes in immune adherence. PMID- 1120778 TI - Hormonal characteristics of the human menstrual cycle throughout reproductive life. AB - The changes in serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FHS), estradiol, and progesterone that occur both early and late in reproductive life were characterized and compared with findings in young, normal women and in patients with certain menstrual disorders. A total of 50 complete menstrual cycles in 37 were examined. Five distinct patterns of hormonal regulation were found, three of which are reported here: (a) A long follicular phase and delayed follicular maturation in young women with long, unpredictable intermenstrual intervals from menarche; (b) a short follicular phase with increasing age and in short cycles in perimenopausal women; and (c) true anovulatory vaginal bleeding in long cycles in perimenopausal women. The short cycles before and during the menopausal transition were found to have lower E2 levels and high FSH concentrations throughout, while LH remained in the normal range. During long cycles in perimenopausal women, concentrations of LH and FSH were in the menopausal range. However, follicular maturation was observed months after high levels of gonadotropins were attained. These studies permit the characterization of the menstrual history of the normal woman in terms of the hormonal changes that occur and provide a basis for the definition of several disorders of follicular maturation. PMID- 1120779 TI - Evidence for physiological importance of calcitonin in the regulation of plasma calcium in rats. AB - To determine the physiological importance of calcitonin in the regulation of plasma calcium, studies were carried out in fasting animals to (a) assess the acute effects of thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) and thyroidectomy (TX) on plasma and urinary calcium; (b) investigate whether the changes in plasma calcium produced by removal of the glands were dependent on the presence of the kidney; and (c) determine if the effect of TPTX on plasma calcium is affected by age. Except where otherwise indicated, all studies were carried out on fasting male Wistar rats weighing over 300 g. The following observations were made. (a) TPTX and TX caused an increase in plasma calcium in nephrectomized animals. (b) This increase was not dependent on nephrectomy since in intact animals bearing autoparathyroid transplants TX also caused a significant rise in the mean plasma calcium level (0.37 mg/100 ml at 1 1/2 h). (c) Urinary calcium increased twofold in the 3-h period immediately after TX. (d) In unnephrectomized immature (50-g) rats, TPTX caused a progressive decrease in plasma calcium in contrast to old (360-g) rats, where a significant fall observed at 6 h was preceded by an increase in plasma calcium (0.5 mg/100 ml at 1 1/2 h). From these observations we conclude that: (a) calcitonin must play an important physiological role in the regulation of plasma calcium since the termination of its basal secretion caused an immediate but transient increase in plasma calcium in old unfed rats; (b) the relative importance of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in the acute regulation of plasma calcium is age-related; and (c) the action of parathyroid hormone on bone may be modified by changes in ambient calcitonin concentration. PMID- 1120780 TI - Stimulation of active and passive sodium absorption by sugars in the human jejunum. AB - The effects of glucose and fructose on water and sodium absorption in the human jejunum were compared to assess the relative contribution of active and passive sugar stimulation of sodium transport. The effect of fructose is assumed to be entirely passive, and the difference between the effects of fructose and glucose is assumed to be a measure of sugar-stimulated, active sodium absorption. Water and sodium movement with mannitol was the base line. Three sets of test solutions with differing sugar concentrations were studied. Fructose stimulated 66-100 per cent as much net sodium and water absorption as glucose. Fructose stimulated potassium absorption, whereas glucose stimulated potassium secretion. Urea absorption was stimulated by both sugars. Glucose and fructose stimulated sodium absorption when chloride was the major anion, but they had relatively little effect on net sodium movement when chloride was replaced by bicarbonate or sulfate. It is concluded that glucose stimulates passive and active sodium transport in the human jejunum. Stimulated active sodium absorption generates an electrical potential across the mucosa that causes sodium (and potassium) secretion and partly or completely nullifies the effect of active sodium transport on net sodium movement. Net sodium absorption sitmulated by glucose is mainly (66-100 per cent) the passive consequence of solvent flow. The accompanying anion determines the degree to which sugars stimulate sodium absorption (C1 greater than SO-4 greater than HCO3). The effects of bicarbonate and sugars on jejunal sodium absorption are not additive. PMID- 1120781 TI - Urinary prostaglandins. Identification and origin. AB - Human urine was analyzed by mass spectrometry for the presence of prostaglandins. Prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha were detected in urine from females by selected ion monitoring of the prostaglandin E2-methylester-methoxime bis-acetate and the prostaglandin F2alpha-methyl ester-Tris-trimethylsilylether derivative. Additional evidence for the presence of prostaglandin F2alpha was obtained by isolating from female urine an amount of this prostaglandin sufficient to yield a complete mass spectrum. The methods utilized permitted quantitative analysis. The origin of urinary prostaglandin was determined by stimulating renal prostaglandin synthesis by arachidonic acid or angiotensin infusion. Arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandin E2, when infused into one renal artery of a dog led to a significant increase in the excretion rate of this prostaglandin. Similarly, infusion of angiotensin II amide led to a significantly increased ipsilateral excretion rate of prostaglandin E2 and F2a in spite of a simultaneous decrease in the creatinine clearance. In man, i.v. infusion of angiotensin also led to an increased urinary eliminiation of prostaglandin E. These results show that urinary prostaglandins may originate from the kidney, indicating that renally synthesized prostaglandins diffuse or are excreted into the tubule. Thus, urinary prostaglandins are a reflection of renal prostaglandin synthesis and have potential as a tool to delineate renal prostaglandin physiology and pathology. PMID- 1120782 TI - Ozone interaction with rodent lung. III. Oxidation of reduced glutathione and formation of mixed disulfides between protein and nonprotein sulfhydryls. AB - Nonprotein sulfhydryls (NPSH), a major source of cellular reducing substances, were examined in lung tissue after short-term exposure of rats to O3. While the NPSH level was unaffected by low-level exposures (e.g., 0.8 ppm for up to 24 h or 1.5 ppm for up to 8 h), it was significantly lowered by higher exposure regimens (e.g., 25 per cent after 2 ppm for 8 h and 49 per cent after 4 ppm for 6 h). After exposure to 4 ppm O3 for 6 h the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), which accounted for approximately 90 per cent of NPSH in the lung, decreased 40 per cent but without a rise in the level of oxidized gluathione (GSSG). Treatment of lung homogenate with borohydride led to recovery of NPSH in exposed lungs to control values, suggesting that NPSH or GSH oxidation during in vivo O3 exposure resulted in formation of mixed disulfides with other sulfhydryl (SH) groups of lung tissue. Extracts of borohydride-treated particulate and supernatant fractions of lung homogenate were analyzed for NPSH by paper chromatography. From this analysis GSH appeared to be the only NPSH bound to lung tissue proteins via mixed disulfide linkage. The formation of mixed disulfides appeared to be a transient phenomenon. Immediately after a 4-h exposure to 3 ppm O3 the level of mixed disulfides was small (15 per cent of the total NPSH) but attained a peak (equivalent to 0.6 mumol NPSH/lung) after a recovery for 24 h. However, the level diminished considerably within 48 h of recovery. PMID- 1120783 TI - Intestinal metabolism of plasma free fatty acids. Intracellular compartmentation and mechanisms of control. AB - Fatty acid metabolism in intestinal mucosa has been examined primarily in regard to lipid absorption. Since earlier studies suggested intestinal utilization of plasma free fatty acids (FFA), we investigated mucosal metabolism of plasma FFA in rats. Mucosal radioactivity (1 per cent of administered) was maximal 2 min after i.v. [14C]palmitate. Of mucosal 14C, 42 percent was in water-soluble metabolites, including CO2 and ketoacids, 28 percent in phospholipids, and only 16 per cent in triglycerides. The specific activity of mucosal triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) was 11 times that of serum TGFA, confirming in situ synthesis. Double isotope experiments showed marked differences in the metabolism of fatty acids entering mucosa simultaneously from lumen and plasma. Whereas luminal fatty acids were chiefly esterified to triglyceride, plasma FFA were preferentially oxidized and incorporated into phospholipids. Crypts did not differ from villi, indicating that intestinal metabolism of plasma FFA is related to their site of entry into epithelial cells. Mucosal metabolism of i.v. [14C]palmitate was minimally affected by glucose administration. However, intraduodenal isocaloric ethanol inhibited mucosal oxidation of FFA by 60 per cent, and increased incorporation into triglycerides nearly twofold. During lipid absorption, mucosal uptake of plasma FFA doubled and incorporation into intestinal lymph triglycerides was increased sixfold. These studies demonstrate an intracellular compartmentation of fatty acids in the intestinal epithelium. In contrast to absorbed luminal fatty acids, plasma FFA in the fasting state are both an energy source and a substrate for the synthesis of tissue phospholipid. The fasting contribution of plasma FFA to mucosal and lymph triglyceride is minimal, but it increases during ethanol administration and fat absorption. PMID- 1120784 TI - Marrow erythroid and neutrophil cellularity in the dog. AB - This paper describes a method for determining the number of marrow erythroid and neutrophil cells in which the cellularity of marrow sections was related to that of the total marrow by radioiron dilution. Tissue sections were prepared from methacrylate-embedded dog marrow biopsies, and neutrophils were identified by staining of their primary granules. After correction of direct section counts for multiple counting error, accurate neutrophil-erythroid ratios were established with a coefficient of variation of less than 10 percent when 10-4 cells were examined. An average neutrophil-erythroid ratio of 1.2 was found in six normal dogs. The total number of nucleated red cells in the dog was 5.48 plus or minus 0.78 times 10-9/kg (plus or minus 1 SD), and the corresponding erythron iron turnover was 0.90 plus or minus 0.11 mg Fe/100 ml whole blood/day. The total number of marrow neutrophils, derived from the neutrophil-erythroid ratio, was 6.6 plus or minus 0.59 times 10-9 cells/kg, of which 1.4 were promyelocytes and myelocytes, 2.3 were metamyelocytes and bands, and 3.0 were segmented neutrophils. Leukopheresis studies were carried out in six dogs to confirm the accuracy of these cellular measurements. Marrow counts showed a mean decrease of 22.7 times 10-9 cells or 35 percent of the postmitotic neutrophil pool, and it was calculated that 10.2 times 10-9 additional cells had been taken from already circulating blood. This estimated deficit of 32.9 times 10-9 was almost identical to the 33 times 10-9 cells actually counted in the removed blood. PMID- 1120785 TI - Neutrophil kinetics in the dog. AB - The production of neutrophils in dogs has been estimated from the number of postmitotic neutrophils in the marrow and the transit time of a [3H]-thymidine pulse. The number of postmitotic neutrophils was derived from the erythron iron turnover measurement of erythroid number and the neutrophil-erythroid ratio in bone marrow sections. The mean value for marrow postmitotic neutrophils in dogs was 5.61 plus or minus 0.56 times 10-9 cells/kg. The mean transit time of these neutrophils was calculated to be 82.1 h. A marrow production of 1.65 times 10-9 neutrophils/kg/day was calculated from these data. The turnover of circulating neutrophils was measured by [3H]thymidine and [32P]diisopropylphospho-fluoridate (DF32P) labeling of blood neutrophils. [3H]-Thymidine labeling gave a calculated recovery of 65 per cent, a t1/2 disappearance time of 6.7 h, and a calculated turnover of 1.66 times 10-9 cells/kg/day. Corresponding results with DF32P tagging were 51 per cent, 5.4 h, and 2.89 times 10-9 cells/kg/day. The discrepancy between these two tags persisted in doubly tagged cells and was considered to be due to elution of DF32P. PMID- 1120787 TI - Hearing in the parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus): absolute thresholds, critical ratios, frequency difference limens, and vocalizations. AB - Avoidance conditioning and the method of limits were used to measure absolute auditory thresholds, masked thresholds, and critical ratios in 4 parakeets. The same procedure was then used to study frequency difference limens in 6 additional animals. The power spectrum and "constancy of intonation" of the parakeet call were also measured and related to the absolute and differential frequency sensitivity. The mechanism of frequency analysis in the parakeet ear was considered in relation to the present results and to the anatomical and functional differences between the avian and mammalian auditory systems. PMID- 1120786 TI - The effect of insulin on renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in man. AB - The effects of insulin on the renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate were studied in man while maintaining the blood glucose concentration at the fasting level by negative feedback servocontrol of a variable glucose infusion. In studies on six water-loaded normal subjects in a steady state of water diuresis, insulin was administered i.v. to raise the plasma insulin concentration to between 98 and 193 muU/ml and infused at a constant rate of 2 mU/kg body weight per min over a total period of 120 min. The blood glucose concentration was not significantly altered, and there was no change in the filtered load of glucose; glomerular filtration rate (CIN) and renal plasma flow (CPAH) were unchanged. Urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) decreased from 401 plus or minus 46 (SEM) to 213 plus or minus 18 mueq/min during insulin administration, the change becoming significant (P smaller than 0.02) within the 30-60 min collection period. Free water clearance (CH2O) increased from 10.6 plus or minus 0.6 to 13 plus or minus 0.5 ml/min (P smaller than 0.025); osmolar clearance decreased and urine flow was unchanged. There was no change in plasma aldosterone concentration, which was low throughout the studies, and a slight reduction was observed in plasma glucagon concentration. Urinary potassium (UKV) and phosphate (UPV) excretion were also both decreased during insulin administration; UKV decreased from 66 plus or minus 9 to 21 plus or minus 1 mueq/min (P smaller than 0.005), and tupv decreased from 504 plus or minus 93 to 230 plus or minus 43 mug/min (P smaller than 0.01). The change in UKV was associated with a significant reduction in plasma potassium concentration. There was also a statistically significant but small reduction in plasma phosphate concentration which was not considered sufficient alone to account for the large reduction in UPV. Urinary calcium excretion (UCaV) increased from 126 plus or minus 24 to 200 plus or minus 17 mug/min (P smaller than 0.01). These studies demonstrate a reduction in UNaV associated with insulin administration that occurs in the absence of changes in the filtered load of glucose, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, and plasma aldosterone concentration. The effect of insulin on CH2O suggests that insulin's effect on sodium excretion is due to enhancement of sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment of the distal nephron. PMID- 1120788 TI - Discriminability and the contrafreeloading phenomenon. AB - According to previous reports of the "contrafreeloading phenomenon," animals will work for a reward, and sometimes work quite hard, in the presence of the same reward available freely. With rats as the subjects two experiments are presented which suggest that the contrafreeloading data are explainable with a basic learning principle, discriminability and its accompanying response decrement. For some animals the change in stimulus conditions with introduction of free water was made more highly discriminable by a change in earned reinforcement conditions. The other animals remained on the same earned reinforcement conditions under which all the animals had been trained. The results demonstrated that the discriminability between the conditions of working and freeloading is a most important factor contributing to the continued responding in the presence of free rewards. PMID- 1120789 TI - Relative similarity of rotated and reversed figures to the original figures as a function of children's age. AB - Four rotated and 2 (left-right and up-down) reversed replicas of 11 random figures and a capital letter, F, were ranked for similarity to the originals by 7 age groups, 5-19 yr. in mean age, each consisting of 23-39 normal boys and girls. For both the random figures and the letter, the left-right reversals were judged as the most similar to the originals at ages 5-7, while the 45 degrees rotations were judged so at ages 12-19. The age of 10 was the boundary between these 2 tendencies. These results indicate that young children have already differentiated spatial orientations and directions to a considerable degree, but differently from older children and adults. PMID- 1120790 TI - Electrophysiological and behavioral reactivity to photic stimuli following septal lesions and pharmacological treatments in rats. AB - Analysis of behavioral reactivity and cortical visual evoked response (VER) to photic stimulation revealed 2 patterns of lesion-induced changes. One pattern of VERs reflected a hypoarousal electrophysiological condition. This pattern, present initially under all conditions, could be simulated with administration of scopolamine. A second pattern of VERs developed gradually and appeared to reflect a hyperaroused electrophysiological condition. This pattern could be simulated with d-amphetamine. While both lesion-induced electrophysiological patterns were associated with augmented behavioral reactivity to flashes, the hyperarousal pattern related to more intense conditions of stimulation and more sustained behavioral reactivity. Scopolamine, as opposed to d-amphetamine, reproduced the heightened behavioral reactivity to the flashes. These results were interpreted in terms of a "hypoarousal hypothesis" of sensory hyperreactivity. PMID- 1120791 TI - Classical differential and operant conditioning in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with septal lesions. AB - Normal rabbits and rabbits with septal lesions received classical differential conditioning of the nictitating membrane response (NMR), followed by auditory generalization tests run in extinction. Although rate of acquisition and asymptotic responding to positive conditioned stimuli did not differ, septals responded more than normals to nonreinforced stimuli. Resultant decrements in differential conditioning could not be attributed to changes in auditory or shock thresholds or to increased spontaneous NMRs. Septals also responded at higher rates in both operant conditioning (bar presses reinforced with food pellets on a variable interval schedule) and extinction sessions. No difference in suppression in a passive avoidance task was found. Results are discussed in relation to McCleary's response disinhibition analysis of septal function, and an habituation hypothesis is considered. PMID- 1120792 TI - Hypoglycemic conditioned reflex in rats: preliminary study of its mechanism. AB - It was found that a nervous mechanism is involved in eliciting a hypoglycemic response in rats. A conditioned reflex was established after a series of reinforcements in which an insulin injection (unconditioned stimulus) was associated with the sound of a bell (conditioning stimulus). The hypoglycemic conditioned response was statistically similar to that of insulin. The latency of the beginning of the hypoglycemic response to insulin was between 4 and 6 min. The latency of the conditioned hypoglycemic response to the conditioning stimulus was about 1 min. Blood extracted from a conditioned rat during the test of conditioning produced a hypoglycemic effect when injected into a nonconditioned receptor rat. PMID- 1120793 TI - Osmosensitive neurons in the rat's preoptic area: medial-lateral comparison. AB - For the first time, brain-recording data were brought to bear directly on the question of a critical osmosensitive zone in the lateral preoptic area as specifically delimited in the rat by Blass and Epstein, and in the rabbit by Peck and Novin. Our data clearly showed that this critical zone in the lateral preoptic area of the rat contains cells that are osmosensitive. Simultaneous recording from cell populations (a) inside the critical zone and (b) in a zone medial to it showed that the net acceleratory response to challenge for the former was much greater than it was for the latter. These findings constitute new evidence for the critical importance of the lateral preoptic area in cellular dehydration thirst. PMID- 1120794 TI - Neurochemical coding for feeding in sheep and steers. AB - Feeding responses of sheep and steers were compared following intraventricular injection of alpha-adrenergic agonists and antagonists in 2-hr. tests. In sheep, injection of the alpha-agonist 1-norepinephrine (1-NE) (140-1,120 nmoles) increased feed intakes 288% and 388% compared with intakes following synthetic cerebrospinal fluid. This response was blocked by the alpha-antagonist phenoxybenzamine, whereas the antagonist alone decreased feed intake. The beta adrenergic antagonist propranolol did not modify the 1-NE response. A purer but weaker alpha-agonist, 1-phenylephrine, also resulted in increased feed intake that was blocked by phenoxybenzamine. In contrast to the feeding responses of sheep, 1-NE caused hypophagia in steers, reducing intakes as much as 58% in 2-hr. tests over doses ranging 42-27,800 nmoles. Phenoxybenzamine blocked the 1-NE induced hypophagia in steers; when injected alone, it increased feed intakes 181% of control values. Changes in feeding following 1-NE injections are probably not attributable to changes in temperature, fat mobilization, or stupor. The data support the hypothesis of an alpha-adrenergic-coded system for feeding in sheep and for satiety in steers. PMID- 1120795 TI - Some effects of ovarian hormones on food intake and body weight in female rats. AB - Ovarian steroids affect the food intake and body weight of rats. These effects are probably mediated by estradiol and progesterone, since these 2 hormones are more effective than their principal metabolites (estrone and 5alpha-pregnane-3,20 dione, respectively) in altering the food intake and body weight of ovariectomized rats. Estradiol seems to affect food intake by lowering the set point about which body weight is regulated in a dose-dependent fashion. These actions of estradiol can be attenuated or completely blocked by concurrent injections of progesterone. Estradiol-treated ovariectomized rats are far more responsive to the weight- and appetite-promoting actions of progesterone than are ovariectomized-adrenalectomized rats, suggesting that the principal action of progesterone on energy balance may be to interfere with the effects of estradiol. PMID- 1120796 TI - Influence of ovarian hormones on the recovery period following lateral hypothalamic lesions. AB - The effects of ovariectomy and its interaction with body weight on the recovery period following lateral hypothalamic lesions were examined. The results of the experiments indicated that body weight set point prior to lesioning, liable to be influenced by hormonal and metabolic factors, is a more important variable in modifying the recovery process after lateral hypothalamic lesions than is absolute body weight, while absolute body weight determines the amount of weight loss that follows lesions of the lateral hypothalamus. PMID- 1120797 TI - Chronically reduced body weight in rats sustaining lesions of the lateral hypothalamus and maintained on palatable diets and drinking solutions. AB - Male rats sustaining lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions regulated their body weight at a reduced level when maintained for 1 mo. postlesion upon a wet mash diet. Thereafter, for a period of 84 days, half of these animals were offered a high fat dies whereas the remaining animals continued to receive wet mash. A series of palatable drinking solutions were also offered. Body weight remained at reduced levels relative to intact control animals regardless of the diet offered, even under conditions of high fluid intake generated by the palatable drinking solutions. These results contradict the interpretation of Mufson and Wampler that the lower body weight observed in LH-lesioned animals is secondary to lesion produced "finickiness" and/or dehydration resulting from hypodipsia. Rather, a primary shift in the set point for body weight appears to underlie the reduced levels of weight maintenance in LH-lesioned animals. PMID- 1120798 TI - Differential effects of amphetamine and food deprivation of self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and medial frontal cortex. AB - Intracranial self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus of the rat was markedly increased by d-amphetamine administration and by food deprivation. In contrast, similar self-stimulation response rates obtained in the same animals from the medial frontal cortex were unaffected by food deprivation and only slightly increased by d-amphetamine administration. Furthermore, a large difference between d- vs. l-amphetamine on response rate was obtained for lateral hypothalamic but not for medial frontal cortex self-stimulation. The results of this study were consistent with a noradrenergic self-stimulation system for the lateral hypothalamus. Medial frontal cortex self-stimulation, however, appears to be mediated by a neuroanatomical and neurochemical system different from that of the lateral hypothalamus. PMID- 1120799 TI - Production of satiety with small intraduodenal infusions in the rat. AB - Rats equipped with chronic intragastric and intraduodenal catheters received small infusions of various solutions through one catheter during spontaneous meals. Regardless of which compartment or which solution was infused, the animals maintained a constant daily nutrient intake. However, all hypertonic solutions reduced mean meal size and increased the frequency of feeding when injected intraduodenally, while only nutritive solutions reduced mean meal size when infused intragastically. Water ingestion varied with the effective osmotic pressure of the injected solutions, but there were no differences in water ingestion as a function of the compartment infused. These data suggest both the presence of a duodenal satiety mechanism and the validity of interpreting the meal patterns of vagotomized rats eating a liquid diet as resulting from the rapid emptying of the diet into the duodenum. PMID- 1120800 TI - Neonatal androstenedione and adult sexual behavior in golden hamsters. AB - Male rats castrated and given androstenedione neonatally can show high levels of both masculine and femine copulatory behavior in adulthood. In the present study, intact female and male hamsters castrated at birth were treated for their first 20 days with oil, free testosterone, or androstenedione. All neonatal androgen treatments mimicked the naturally occurring developmental process of the male in that all androgenized groups were capable of high levels of male behavior (males but not females showing ejaculation patterns) as well as moderate levels of lordotic receptivity. There were no significant differences in effect among neonatal androgen treatments. The results were discussed as they relate to species differences, sex differences, hamster "bisexuality," and posthormone copulatory performance. PMID- 1120801 TI - Influence of testosterone propionate administered neonatally on puberty and bisexual behavior in female hamsters. AB - Female hamsters were treated with oil, 3-mug., 30-mug., or 300-mug. testosterone propionate (TP) as neonates. Neonatal TP treatment delayed the onset of puberty by 4.5 days to an age near that previously reported for the male hamster. In addition, neonatal TP altered genital morphology, induced the capacity for mounting behavior, and at the highest dosage, disrupted the ability to bear and rear young. Vaginal and behavioral estrous cycles, however, were not influenced by neonatal TP. In a second experiment, 600-mug. TP administered neonatally blocked estrous cyclicity, but did not eliminate the capacity to display feminine sexual behavior. These results imply that "masculinization" and "defeminization" are separate aspects of neurobehavioral sexual differentiation, and the "defeminization" includes several independent physiological processes. PMID- 1120802 TI - Estrogen-progesterone regulation of nest-building and incubation behavior in ovariectomized ring doves (Streptopelia risoria). AB - The role of ovarian hormones in the induction of nest-building (tucking) and incubation behavior in female doves (Streptopelia risoria) was determined by systemic injections of estrogen, or progesterione, or estrogen combined with progesterone, or oil in reproductively experienced ovariectomized females. Combined estrogen and progesterone treatment was the most effective hormone regimen for eliciting both behavior patterns in females and also facilitated these behaviors in their untreated mates. Differences in role of the gonadal progesterone in male and female doves were discussed. PMID- 1120803 TI - Androgens and the organization of sex differences in active avoidance behavior in the rat. AB - A series of experiments was performed to clarify the role of androgens in the development of sex differences in the acquisition of active avoidance behavior. Gonadectomy in adulthood did not affect the performance of either sex regardless of the length of the postoperative recovery interval. Neonatal castration also failed to improve the avoidance performance of males, but prenatal exposure to the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate combined with neonatal gonadectomy produced males whose avoidance acquisition and open field activity scores were indistinguishable from those of control females. Prenatal exposure to endogenous of normal males, but there is no compelling evidence that exposure to androgens during the prenatal period is critical to this effect. PMID- 1120804 TI - Effects of hippocampal microinjections of D-amphetamine and scopolamine on active avoidance behavior in rats. AB - Rats received bilateral injections of 20 or 40 mug. of d-amphetamine or scopolamine into the dorsal or ventral hippocampus prior to each of 8 daily training sessions in a discriminated Y-maze active avoidance task. Scopolamine, but not d-amphetamine, facilitated avoidance responding in both sites, with the effect being greatest following administration of 20 mug. into the dorsal hippocampus. On Days 9 and 10, all animals received saline injections and were tested for transfer of responding to the nondrug state. A decrement of performance occurred irrespective of whether the drug had facilitated avoidance responding. The performance changes were greater following termination of scopolamine than d-amphetamine injections, and in no case were so great as those previously reported following peripheral injections of the drugs. PMID- 1120805 TI - Relationship between hippocampal theta activity and running speed in the rat. AB - The frequency of occurrence and amplitude of hippocampal theta waves induced by forced locomotion is proportional to speed of movement on a treadmill. Although induction of hippocampal theta waves is related to the initiation of movement, it is not dependent upon proprioceptive feedback because it persists in the resting animal after a bout of running. It is possible to obtain cortical theta waves in the absence of hippocampal theta activity. PMID- 1120806 TI - Hippocampal ablation prolongs immobility response in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). AB - The present study was performed to test the hypothesis that damage to the hippocampus reduces tonic immobility in rabbits. Two measures were used: the number of successful inductions of tonic immobility in a test session and the duration of each successful immobilization. Both of these measures were found to increase in rabbits with hippocampal lesions rather than to decrease as expected. It is suggested that the hippocampus may act to suppress any ongoing dominant or prepotent response, whether the response involves movement or cessation of movement. PMID- 1120807 TI - Attenuation of "acute" habituation by scopolamine in the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). AB - The hypothesis after scopolamine attenuates habituation occurring within a training session as well as that occurring between training sessions was tested and confirmed. Scopolamine injections (.5 mg/kg) reduced spontaneous wheel running in the prairie dog. The same dosage did not affect the threshold for wheen running induced by electrical brain stimulation (EBS). Another experiment demonstrated that EBS-induced running declined during a 10-min. stimulation period and indicated that the decline was habituative since the response was repeatedly dishabituated. In a final experiment .5 mg/kg of scopolamine reduced habituation of EBS-induced wheel running during 10-min. sessions. PMID- 1120808 TI - Delayed alternation learning under electrical (blocking) stimulation of the caudate nucleus in the cat. AB - Of 9 cats with electrodes implanted in the dorsolateral caudate nucleus, 4 had previously reached criterion on a delayed alternation task. Tested under alternating conditions of stimulation and nonstimulation, these 4 animals showed a significant performance decline with stimulation. When a marker was placed on one response panel, performance under stimulation did not decline. Stimulation did not affect the learning of a visual discrimination. The remaining 5 cats were trained on delayed alternation with alternating stimulation and nonstimulation conditions. Under stimulation, performance remained near chance levels. These animals were tested on position learning and reversal, and under unilateral stimulation. The results support the view that the caudate nucleus and prefrontal cortex mediate separate aspects of delayed response behavior. PMID- 1120809 TI - Time-dependent changes in amphetamine self-administration following frontal cortex ablations in rats. AB - Rats were trained to intravenously self-administer d-amphetamine (.01 mg/kg/reward infusion) during daily 1-hr. testing sessions. Following removal of frontal cortex, rates of d-amphetamine self-administration were higher at early (3-5 days) postoperative intervals but lower at later (2-4 wk.) postoperative intervals. These and other results indicated that, as a function of time after surgery, frontal rats are first hyposensitive and then become increasingly hypersensitive to the rewarding effect of d-amphetamine. PMID- 1120810 TI - Emotional behavior in feral cats with ablations of prefrontal cortex and subsequent lesions in amygdala. AB - Bilateral ablations of gyrus proreus in 6 feral cats did not significantly alter either the intensity or the pattern of flight behavior during confrontation with a human. The scores for defense behavior were reduced in only 2 animals. Subsequent lesions in the rostral part of the basolateral nuclei of amygdala reduced flight and transiently decreased defense scores in all cats. The prefrontal cortex does not seem necessary for the flight and defense responding observed in feral cats. The role of amygdala in the regulation of these behaviors was confirmed. PMID- 1120811 TI - Direct contact with enriched environment is required to alter cerebral weights in rats. AB - To test the relative effectiveness of direct vs. indirect interaction with an enriched environment, some rats were housed in groups of 12 in large enriched condition (EC) cages while littermate "observer" (OC) rats were placed singly in small wire-mesh cages within EC. A third group was housed singly in an impoverished condition (IC) where stimulation was minimal. After 30 days, the animals were killed and the brains dissected. In both experiments the usual pattern of EC-IC differences in brain weights appeared, whereas OC showed no significant differences from IC. On measures of exploratory behavior taken during the last 2 days of the second experiment, IC fell significantly below EC, and OC was somewhat below IC. Thus EC differen from both IC and OC in brain and in behavior. Active contact with an enriched environment appears necessary for development of EC effects. PMID- 1120812 TI - Interocular transfer of lateral mirror-image discriminations by cats: evidence of species differences. AB - Interocular transfer of mirror-image discriminations has been shown to be paradoxical in split-chiasm monkeys tested in a lighted Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA) with 3-dimensional forms, but veridical in split-chiasm cats tested in a darkened 2-choice discrimination box with transilluminated patterns. In the present study, 8 split-chiasm cats showed veridical interocular transfer of a mirror-image and a non-mirror-image discrimination in a WGTA or a 2-choice discrimination box. On the basis of the testing parameters used, it is argued that the discrepancy in the literature arises from a species difference (having a behavioral rather than a gross neurological basis), and not from differences in behavioral testing apparatus or mode of stimulus presentation. PMID- 1120813 TI - Color pecking preferences in White Leghorn chicks. AB - Studies of color pecking preferences in newly hatched chicks (Gallus domesticus) have shown unimodal preference in the orange region of the spectrum or bimodal preferences at blue and orange. In the present study, dark-harched White Leghorn chicks were tested in darkness with targets illuminated at 1 or 3 radiant intensity levels. Results showed the least amount of pecking at green (541 nm.) and peak preferences in blue-violet and orange-red regions. Findings were similar when other dark-hatched chicks were tested in the light (Experiment 2). Overall, findings suggest unlearned pecking preferences for short and long wavelengths, with minimums at green. Possible evolutionary and photochemical bases for such a bimodal wavelength preference function were discussed. Since bimodality was unaffected by target intensity and background, these variables probably do not account for the unimodal function reported by others. PMID- 1120814 TI - Early experience in domestication. AB - Two experiments using domestic and wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) were conducted to assess the ontogenetic as well as phylogenetic influences of early experience on domestication. Experiment 1 was a factorial, reciprocal cross-foster study. Experiment 2 was a factorial assessment of the combined effects of preweaning handling and postweaning enriched environments. These experiments on rat domesticatoin showed that preweaning handling has a strong influence on the ontogenetic development of the rat in terms of reduced emotionality. Handled wild rats became much more like domestic rats in their behavior. This finding for handling contrasted with minimal effects for cross fostering and enriched environments. PMID- 1120815 TI - Disinhibition and spontaneous recovery of response decrements produced by free reinforcement in rats. AB - Spontaneous recovery and disinhibition were studied in 3 experiments in which, after rats had been trained to bar press on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement, response rates were reduced by the introduction either of extinction or of a response-independent (free) reinforcement schedule. Spontaneous recovery was consistently obtained in extinction, especially when session durations were long. Under free reinforcement conditions there was little sign of spontaneous recovery, even when with high reinforcement rates response reduction was almost as rapid as in extinction. In disinhibition tests the introduction of noise produced increased responding under free reinforcement conditions, but not in extinction. The results are interpreted as demonstrating a dissociation between spontaneous recovery and disinhibition. PMID- 1120816 TI - Second-order conditioning with food unconditioned stimulus. AB - Three experiments investigating second-order conditioning were conducted with rat subjects. An appetitive Pavlovian conditioning situation was employed in which the response measure was the amount of general activity. Experiment 1 provided a well-controlled demonstration of substantial second-order conditioning. In Experiment 2 extinction of the first-order conditioned stimulus (CS) has no effect upon the response to the second-order CS. Experiment 3 examined the relationship of the second-order conditioning paradigm to that of conditioned inhibition. Both phenomena could be observed simultaneously in the same setting. Implications for second-order conditioning and related conditioning phenomena are discussed. PMID- 1120817 TI - Functional decortication by cortical spreading depression does not prevent forced extinction of conditioned saccharin aversion in rats. AB - Conditioned taste aversion established in rats by association of saccharin drinking with subsequent lithium chloride intoxication decreased saccharin intake to 22% of normal consumption. Force-feeding saccharin to intact and functionally decorticate trained rats returned saccharin consumption on the next day to 62% (n equals 18) and 77% (n equals 19), respectively. Over-trained conditioned saccharin aversion was affected by forced extinction in a similar way (saccharin intake increased from 28% to 50% and 63%, respectively). Intact brain rats refused to swallow saccharin during forced feeding. while functionally decorticate animals showed no signs of aversion; but extinction was almost equal in both cases. Application of lithium chloride after forced feeding of saccharin in functionally decorticate rats neither prevented extinction of conditioned taste aversion nor reestablished the aversion habit extinguished earlier with intact brain. It is concluded that acquisition of the conditioned taste aversion requires cortical input to a short-term memory file, whereas decorticate extinction can be induced by subcortical gustatory processing analogous to the mechanism controlling feeding behavior during the preweaning period. PMID- 1120818 TI - Conditioned drinking as avoidance learning. AB - Blocking the robust conditioned drinking response following conditioning eliminates the isotonic procaine conditioned response (CR) but not the hypertonic procaine CR. Rats allowed to drink in the box during conditioning form a larger CR than rats merely injected with hypertonic or isotonic procain who are prevented from drinking in the box: response blocking during extinction eliminated if no experience of drinking water in the box occurs either during baseline or during conditioning. Blocking the drinking response, like blocking shock avoidance, markedly reduces its high resistance to extinction. This suggests that rats overdrink to avoid anticipated illness, and fail to extinguish partially because they are never exposed to the fact that no illness will occur even if no drinking occurs. PMID- 1120819 TI - Stimulus control of defensive reactions in the albino rat. AB - A series of studies are reported, examining the characteristics of stimuli that produce unconditioned defensive reactions in the rat. These studies show that neither the sound nor the smell of a cat, or the sight or a dead cat, will produce freezing, but either a moving cat or dog, or the abrupt and rapid movement of an inanimate card, will result in freezing and failure to approach the stimulus object. It is suggested that movement is a major factor in the initiation of defensive responses and that movement of a neutral stimulus may enhance the acquistion of defensive responses to that stimulus. PMID- 1120820 TI - Effort as a dimension of spontaneous activity in rats. AB - The relationship between effort and voluntary activity was studied in a braked running wheel and a voluntary treadmill. Effort was manipulated by varying the torque required to turn the wheel and by changing the angle of inclination of the treadmill. In both situations distance run was a linear decreasing function of effort, and work accomplished was a nonmonotonic increasing function of effort. These findings are discussed in relation to responsivity and regulatory views of the genesis of spontaneous activity. PMID- 1120821 TI - Methionine hydroxy analog supplementation of low protein calf rations. AB - Thirty-six Holstein calves were randomly assigned at 3 days of age to one of three complete calf rations: ration A, B, C containing 0, .25, or .50% methionine hydroxy analog. All three rations were isonitrogenous at 13.5% crude protein (dry basis) and were offered adlibitum until calves were 12 wk of age. Calves were fed 3.64 kg whole milk oncedaily for 4 wk. Average daily gains (kg) and dry matter intakes (kg) from 4 to 12 wk were .88, 2.49; .77, 2.50; and .56, 1.98 for calves fed A, B, and C. Weight gains differed between all rations while intake was higher for A and B than for C. Dry matter intakes (kg per kg gain) from 4 to 12 wk were 2.85, 3.32, and 3.54. Serum amino acids for five calves on each treatment were similar for A and B. Calves fed C had lower serum values for all individual essential amino acids compared to A and B and 28% lower circulating total essential amino acids. Serum cysteine increased as dietary methionine hydroxy analog increased. Anamino acid imbalance or toxicity may have been produced which severely reduced gain, intake, and serum amino acids on ration C but only reduced gain on ration B. PMID- 1120822 TI - Relationship between eating rates and obesity. PMID- 1120823 TI - Test anxiety and the self-disclosing coping model. PMID- 1120824 TI - Psychometric correlates of defensive style in process and reactive schizophrenics. PMID- 1120825 TI - Reducation of pain in childbirth by the alleviation of anxiety during pregnancy. PMID- 1120826 TI - Positive adjustment and involvement during aging and expectancy for internal control. PMID- 1120827 TI - Who's crazy in Manhattan: a reexamination of "treatment of psychological disorders among urban children". PMID- 1120828 TI - Social class, psychological disorder, and the nature of the psychopathologic indicator. PMID- 1120829 TI - Psychophysiological correlates of responsiveness in schizophrenia. PMID- 1120830 TI - Stability and change in strategies of psychiatric patients and normal interviewees. PMID- 1120831 TI - Extrapolated WISC-R IQs for gifted and mentally retarded children. PMID- 1120832 TI - Relationship between formal thought disorder and retardation in schizophrenia. PMID- 1120833 TI - Effects of brief psychotherapy during the hospitalization period on the recovery process in heart attacks. PMID- 1120834 TI - Integrated behavior change techniques for alcoholics. PMID- 1120835 TI - Use of videotaped feedback in altering interpersonal perceptions of married couples: a therapy analogue. PMID- 1120836 TI - Reduction of children's fear of the dark by competence-related and situational threat-related verbal cues. PMID- 1120837 TI - Evaluation of three dating-specific treatment approaches for heterosexual dating anxiety. PMID- 1120839 TI - Cognitive and behavioral correlates to overt behavior change within a token economy. PMID- 1120838 TI - Characteristics of institutionalized delinquents in conflict about their release. PMID- 1120840 TI - Sex-role stereotypes for internal-external control and interpersonal trust. PMID- 1120841 TI - Electromyographically induced relaxation in the treatment of chronic alcohol abuse. PMID- 1120842 TI - Intrapsychic and environmental variables as predictors of length of hospitalization. PMID- 1120843 TI - Association of childhood parental loss with attempted suicide and depression. PMID- 1120844 TI - Sex differences and placebo effects: motivation as an intervening variable. PMID- 1120845 TI - Do psychiatric patients and normals see the same solutions as effective in solving interpersonal problems? PMID- 1120846 TI - Expectancies and characteristics of outpatient clients applying for services at a community mental health facility. PMID- 1120847 TI - Classroom seating and functional brain asymmetry. PMID- 1120848 TI - Photochemical oxidants: sources, sinks and strategies. PMID- 1120849 TI - Evaluation of oxidant results at CAMP sites in the United States. PMID- 1120850 TI - Source emission odor measurement by a dynamic forced-choice triangle olfactometer. PMID- 1120851 TI - Atmospheric sulfur dioxide in the United States: can the standards be justified or afforded? PMID- 1120852 TI - Intravenous isoproterenol: rationale for bronchial asthma. AB - Intravenous isoproterenol was infused into 7 adult asthmatic patients with refractory bronchial obstruction. Over a dose range of 0.0375 to 0.225 mug per kilogram per minute, maximal bronchodilator effect (or reversal of effect) occurred within 2 to 5 minutes of starting (or stopping) the infusion. Obstruction to airflow improved with each increment of dose. Average heart rate reached a maximum at 0.075 mug per kilogram per minute. Over the lower dose range alveolar to arterial oxygen gradients widened and heart rate increased; over the higher dose range, as heart rate plateaued, bronchodilator effect continued and oxygen gradient narrowed. When combined with adequate oxygenation and continual monitoring of cardiac rhythm and blood pressure, intravenous isoproterenol appears safe for asthmatic patients. Major advantages are (1) administration of bronchodilator to airways not reached by inhalation, (2) prompt onset and offset of effects, and (3) reversal of undesirable side effects. The use of intravenous isoproterenol may obviate the need for intubation and ventilatory assist. PMID- 1120853 TI - Measurement of IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test. II. Analyses of quantitative relationships in the test. AB - IgE antibodies have been measured by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the relative amounts present in serum determined by comparison with reference standards. In this study we analyzed the quantitative aspects of the binding of IgE antibody to solid-phase ragweed antigens. With the volumes of allergic serum usually tested, IgE antibodies are in excess in the first step of the RAST. The inability of solid-phase antigens to remove IgE antibody appeared to be due to an insufficient quantity of antigen on the particles rather than steric interference with binding of IgE antibody. Dose-response curves with serums from several ragweed-sensitive subjects were not parallel when plotted on a semilog scale. In contrast, log-log plots of dose-response curves with serums from ragweed sensitive subjects were nearly parallel. Log-log plots of dose-response curves with serums from subjects with ragweed and grass sensitivity and tested with the appropriate solid-phase antigens also were nearly parallel. Because of the latter finding, RAST could be standardized using a reference serum in every assay and plotting the results on a log-log scale. Finally, because IgE antibody is in excess in the RAST as it is usually performed, the final result reflects both the quantity and the affinity of the IgE antibody. PMID- 1120855 TI - On the development of the capacity to use transitional objects. A case study of an autistic child. PMID- 1120854 TI - The administration of radiographic contrast media to patients with a history of a previous reaction. AB - Ninety-five patients were seen in consultation for previous reactions which their physicians considered as possible contraindications for the use of radiographic contrast media (RCM). Twenty-seven patients received no further studies because of a lack of sufficient indication to do them. The previous incidents in 26 were such that they were not classified as immediate generalized reactions (IGRs). Two of these patients had IGRs with repeat RCM (7.7%). Forty-two patients had previous reactions considered to be IGRs and medical problems such that repeat administration of RCM appeared essential for diagnosis. After pretreatment with diphenhydramine, 43 repeat procedures were performed in these patients followed by reactions, generally mild, in 7 (16%). Five of these were classified as IGRs (11.8%). The data on 264 similar patients in the literature were also reviewed. There appeared to be a higher incidence of IGRs to RCM in patients with a good history of a previous reaction than in the general population, but no severe reactions or fatalitics occurred in this entire series. The results showed that repeat studies in patients with previous reactions to RCM may be done, provided that there is careful evaluation of the initial reaction, the need for the diagnostic study, and provided appropriate precautions are taken prior to the procedure. PMID- 1120856 TI - Introduction of the problem-oriented record into a child psychiatric hospital. PMID- 1120857 TI - The night/day imagery paradox of selected psychotic children. PMID- 1120858 TI - Use of tandem teams in child mental health training of medical students and pediatric house staff. PMID- 1120859 TI - Infants and children at risk for schizophrenia. Environmental and developmental observations. PMID- 1120860 TI - Children and paraservices of the community mental health centers. PMID- 1120861 TI - The impact of community mental health centers on child psychiatry training. PMID- 1120862 TI - The impact of a community mental health program on the operation of a university child guidance center. PMID- 1120863 TI - Community Mental Health Centers and the criteria of quantity and universality of services for children. PMID- 1120864 TI - The child psychiatrist attempts to introduce community psychiatry into a state mental health program. PMID- 1120866 TI - The intent of the regulations; Pharmaceutical services in skilled nursing facilities. PMID- 1120865 TI - Some models for reversing the myth of child treatment in community mental health centers. PMID- 1120867 TI - Monitoring patient drug therapy. The pharmacist's involvement in the long-term care facility. PMID- 1120868 TI - Interpreting laboratory data. Monitoring the geriatric patient. PMID- 1120869 TI - A seven-nursing home study. Frequency of potential drug-drug interactions. PMID- 1120870 TI - Drug information alert list. A system for drug-drug interaction detection. PMID- 1120871 TI - Contributions of a pharmacist; Promoting appropriate therapy in a long-term care facility. PMID- 1120872 TI - Digoxin. PMID- 1120873 TI - Editorial: The thinking pharmacist. PMID- 1120874 TI - Primary considerations for the surgical pharmacist. PMID- 1120875 TI - Development and use of an emergency kit for the hospital. PMID- 1120876 TI - Patient-oriented pharmaceutical services in community pharmacies. PMID- 1120877 TI - Editorial: The colleges of podiatric medicine and continuing competence. PMID- 1120878 TI - Editorial: Federal role in podiatric medical education. PMID- 1120880 TI - The branches of the superficial peroneal nerve and their clinical significance. PMID- 1120879 TI - Hansen's disease: a podiatrist's experience. PMID- 1120881 TI - Morton's neuralgia: a possible contributing etiology. PMID- 1120882 TI - Nerve compression syndromes of the foot and ankle: a comprehensive review of symptoms, etiology and diagnosis utilizing nerve conduction testing. PMID- 1120883 TI - Compartment syndromes in the lower extremities. PMID- 1120884 TI - Posterior column diseases as they affect the foot; a review. PMID- 1120885 TI - Surgical management of neurotrophic ulcers in the diabetic foot. PMID- 1120886 TI - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a case report. PMID- 1120887 TI - Life-span and the inheritance of longevity of inbred mice. AB - Measures of life-span were obtained for male and female A/J, BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains and the six possible hybrid combinations (N equals 500, 10 groups, 25 male and 25 female per group). C57BL/6J mice were long lived, while A/J, BALB/cJ and DBA/2J mice were short lived, with the exception of female BALB/cJ mice, which lived as long as C57BL/6J mice. Female BALB/cJ and two female hybrid mouse groups with a BALB/cJ parent lived longer than males, but significant sex differences were not obtained for other groups. In general, the mode of inheritance of longevity was overdominant. For a second study (N equals 400) of the longevity of A/J and C57BL/6J strains and F1 and F2 hybrids it was estimated that one genetic factor was associated with longevity and the coefficient of genetic determination for longevity was estimated as between .48 and .79. PMID- 1120888 TI - The effect of estrogen on protein and RNA concentration and on de novo synthesis of RNA in the uterus of aging ovariectomized mice. AB - A study was made of RNA concentration and de novo synthesis and protein concentration in the uterus of ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice with and without estrogen treatment. Young adult animals (4 to 7 mo.) were compared with mice during the age period of reproductive decline (11 and 15 mo.). Concentration of RNA was significantly lower in 15-mo.-old mice than in 4- to 7- and 11-mo.-old animals. De novo RNA synthesis, as indicated by incorporation of 3H-uridine, was also lower in 15-mo.-old mice than in young adults. Estradiol -17beta increased RNA concentration at all ages studied and the percentage increase did not decline with age. De novo synthesis of RNA was also increased in response to estrogen treatment, but the response was less in 15-mo.-old mice. Protein concentration did not change with age, but the concentration decreased in the estrogen treated mice. The biochemical changes in the uterus may be associated with the declining ability of this organ to support pregnancy as it grows older. PMID- 1120889 TI - Norepinephrine uptake by the mycoardium of the senescent mouse in vitro. AB - Age-related delays in the uptake of norepinephrine (NE) by the rat myocardium were observed after subcutaneous injection of NE (Gey, Burkard, and Pletscher, 1965). We report here that in vitro uptake of 3H-NE by myocardial slices from healthy C57BL/6J male mice is not impaired by aging (8-28 mo.) at 0.1 ng/ml, 2.0 ng/ml, 1000 ng/ml of NE. Additionally, no age-related changes of inulin space in myocardial slices were observed. Hence, the delayed uptake observed in vivo by Gey et al. may be attributed to age-related changes in the absorption from the subcutaneous site. PMID- 1120890 TI - A study of the effect of diet on the life-span of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). AB - The effect of diet on the life-span of female Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) has been investigated. Life-tables were constructed for these insects fed on dipteran puparia and on 10% sucrose; Further experiments were performed involving the transfer of females from the sucrose diet to puparia at different ages. The converse experiment was also carried out. From this work it was shown that the insect is capable of a greatly extended life if fed sucrose for all, or part of its life-span. However, transfer from puparia to sucrose after 15 days allows an increased survival for only a small percentage of the population. The results are discussed with regard for the age at transfer and to the reproductive physiology of the insect. PMID- 1120891 TI - Comparison of speech and swallowing function in patients with tremor disorders and in normal geriatric patients: a cinefluorographic study. AB - In a study of vocal tract and esophageal function during speech and swallowing, unmedicated Parkinson patients were found to have specific disorders in oral and esophageal stages of deglutition and a predictable sequence of deterioration in speech. To determine whether these disorders are exclusive to parkinsonism or are typical of all patients with tremor or of geriatric patients in general, a cinefluoroscopic study was initiated to examine the physiology of speech and swallowing in these other patients. Subjects were 10 normal geriatric patients and 10 patients with essential tremor. Results of the studies for these two groups were compared with data from earlier studies on unmedicated Parkinson patients. Parkinson patients showed most severely disordered swallowing and speech function. Patients with essential tremor showed only slight slowing in esophageal transit during swallowing and vocal tremor during speech, but no progressive deterioration. Normal geriatric patients revealed no swallowing or speech disturbances. PMID- 1120892 TI - Albumin metabolism in elderly patients. AB - Hypoalbuminemia, without any apparent cause, is occasionally seen in elderly patients. Eleven patients (6 with plasma albumin of over 3 gm% and 5 with plasma albumin of 3 gm% or less), who had no evidence of liver disease or nephrosis and whose dietic history suggested that they were taking adequate amounts of protein were investigated, using 131I human serum albumin. None were acutely ill and their age ranged from 70 to 86 years. It was found that elderly subjects with plasma albumin level of 3 gm% or less had significantly reduced albumin pools and an increased fractional catabolic rate. It is suggested that this may be due to an impairment of the control of degradation in these patients. There was no increased gut loss of albumin in 3 hypoalbuminemic patients investigated with 131I-PVP. PMID- 1120893 TI - Age differences in backward monoptic visual noise masking. AB - An investigation of age differences in backward monoptic visual noise masking was carried out with young and old adult subjects. It was found that the older subjects were susceptible to the backward masking effect over significantly longer delays between the target and masking stimulus. The masking effect seems to be, at least in part, attributable to age changes in the central mechanisms concerned with perceptual processing which limit the rate at which stimuli can be "cleared" through the nervous system. Backward masking studies of different types seem to hold considerable promise for assessment of the peripheral and central components of age change in visual perceptual processing. PMID- 1120894 TI - Age, word imagery, and delay interval: effects on short-term and long-term retention. AB - Effects of word imagery and delay interval (0 or 20 sec.) on short-term and long term retention were explored in subjects 18-27, 65-79, and 80-94 years old. Four high or low imagery words presented visually were recalled after either 0 or 20 sec. delay. Free recall and recognition for all words were also tested after 24 hours. Age group, imagery, and delay were all significant effects on immediate recall, while age group and imagery level affected 24-hour recall and recognition. The proportion of those words recalled in immediate memory which were also recalled by the same subject after 24 hours varied strongly as a function of age. This finding was discussed in relation to age group differences in susceptibility to interference. PMID- 1120895 TI - Aging and interference with memory. AB - Input and output interference in both short-term and long-term memory were measured in three age groups (aged 20-39, 40-59, 60-80 years). A paired-associate probe technique was used, which, by factorially combining the positions of the pairs at presentation and recall, allowed an examination of output interference for all positions in the input list. No differential output interference or input interference due to age was found for items assumed to be recalled from long-term memory. Evidence, however, did indicate that adult aging primarily affects long term memory, since no differences between groups were found for items assumed to be recalled from short-term memory. PMID- 1120896 TI - Temporal information processing by young and senior adults and patients with senile dementia. AB - Temporal discrimination by healthy young and senior adults and patients with senile dementia was studied using the measure of transmitted information and two psychophysical methods (single-stimulus-ranking and pair-comparison). The patients with senile dementia showed very severe impairment on both methods and performed much less efficiently than the healthy adults of the same age; thus the former revealed a deficit in both memory and discrimination. The healthy seniors showed less alteration of temporal judgment with significant loss only with the single-stimulus method, which reflects memory deficit alone. Temporal cognition is very sensitive to changes in brain function. PMID- 1120897 TI - Developing a system for assigning individuals into an appropriate residential setting. AB - With the goal of maximizing the most suitable placement of elderly persons into different types of residential settings, a mathematical system is being developed, using discriminant function analysis, for replicating interdisciplinary clinical team judgments concerning case specific appropriateness for (1) an institutional setting; (2) an apartment in sheltered housing (providing at least the major meal of the day plus housekeeping services); and (3) an apartment in more traditional housing for the elderly. Two discriminant function systems are being developed--the first for separating elderly persons into those needing institutionalization and those requiring a less supervised setting and the second for separting persons judged not to be in need of institutionalization into those requiring either sheltered housing or some other more independent residency situation. While the first function is considered more fully developed at this time, the second is nevertheless useful in that is suggests forces (variables) predictive of such judgments. PMID- 1120898 TI - A multi-dimensional, multiple method analysis of attitudes toward the elderly. AB - An attitude questionnaire was employed to assess youths' attitudes toward a "representative" 25-year-old and a "representative" 70-year-old along various dimensions, which resulted in their rating the elderly in a more negative fashion. A sample of these subjects judged specific target persons on the basis of autobiographical sketches which were equated for social desirability value but differed with respect to age of target (either 25 or 70 years old). On this measure college students judged the 70-year-old more favorably than the 25-year old. A comparison of prejudicial responding among the various attitude dimensions and across differing measurement methods was made. PMID- 1120899 TI - Longitudinal study of age and cohort influences on dietary patterns. AB - Dietary data from weighed food intake records were obtained from 35 women 29 years old and older during 4 studies from 1948 to 1966. Longitudinal data were analyzed by the use of a multiple linear-regression model with year of birth and age as independent variables. With increasing age, mean intakes declined significantly for fat, saturated fatty acids, and oleic acid, and increased significantly for calcium. After accounting for cohort effects, no significant changes occurred in mean intakes of food energy, carbohydrate, protein, phosphorus, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, preformed niacin, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid. For successive year of birth, mean intakes increased significantly for protein, calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin, preformed niacin, and linoleic acid. The regression model used explained approximately 20% of the variability in intakes of food energy and most nutrients examined. PMID- 1120900 TI - Community complexity and knowledge of facilities. AB - This research examines the relationships among three sets of variables: the amount of differentiation (or complexity) of a community, individual characteristics of its residents, and residents' knowledge of available facilities. A sample of 144 communities in upstate New York was drawn. Community differentiation was measured by means of the Medical Specialties Scale. A subsample of 32 communities was drawn, and in each of these a random sample of 40 noninstitutionalized men and women was interviewed. Multiple regression analysis was the statistical procedure used to test the hypothesis of the study. The findings uncovered an interaction effect, i.e., the relationship between community complexity and knowledge is different within different categories of communities. There is a negative relationship between community complexity and knowledge of facilities for rural communities, but for large cities the relationship is positive. The findings are interpreted as resulting from different sources of knowledge in different types of communities. PMID- 1120901 TI - Allergic encephalomyelitis in the reputedly resistant Brown Norway strain of rats. AB - Brown Norway (BN) rats are much less susceptible to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) than Lewis rats. Nevertheless, BN rats developed severe EAE, even paralysis, when immunized with rat spinal cord and carbonyl iron adjuvant. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was much less effective. The use of both CFA and pertussis vaccine with rat cord was moderately, but not consistently, effective. Guinea pig spinal cord was weakly encephalitogenic to BN rats with all adjuvant combinations. We were not able to produce EAE in BN rats with purified myelin basic protein from either rat or guinea pig. Inoculations directly into lymph nodes or into the blood stream proved that the low susceptibility of BN rats was not due to lack of absorption from the site of inoculation, but may be related to peculiarities of processing antigen in draining lymph nodes. The severity of EAE in F1 hybrids was intermediate between the BN and Lewis parental strains when tested with an immunizing procedure of appropriate strength. The fact that F1 hybrids were less reactive than Lewis mandates modification of the theory that susceptibility to EAE is inherited through a single autosomal dominant gene. PMID- 1120902 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte trapping by cell-free ascitic fluids cultivated in syngeneic mice. AB - Several cellfree ascitic fluids were tested for their influence on the trapping of lymphocytes in peripheral lymph nodes after subcutaneous antigen administration. Fluid from three ascitic tumors cultivated in syngeneic mice diminished the trapping response significantly. Fluid from one of these ascitic tumors cultivated in allogeneic mice showed no inhibition of trapping. Syngeneic normal mouse serum did not significantly affect the trapping phenomenon. It was concluded that syngeneic ascitic fluids contain a substance capable of inhibiting lymphocyte trapping. PMID- 1120903 TI - Lymphoid cell adenylate cyclase activity after x-irradiation and cortisone treatment. AB - Cortisone injection and x-irradiation of normal mice lead to extensive destruction of thymus and spleen lymphocytes. The lymphocytes resistant to these treatments have basal adenylate cyclase activities that are the same as or slightly lower than the cells of untreated animals. On the other hand, the ability of the cyclase of the cortisone-resistant and radioresistant lymphocytes to respond to stimulation by epinephrine is greatly diminished. The results provide an explanation for the previously observed lack of epinephrine sensitivity of the cyclase of lymphoid cells of immunodeficient pituitary dwarf mice and suggest that the depressed lymphoid cell population of the dwarf is the result of an inability to recover from stress-related lymphoid involution. It is also suggested that the more mature population of lymphoid cells of normal mice is less responsive to hormonal influences. PMID- 1120904 TI - Antibody response by cells cultured on dialysis membrane in disposable plastic vessels. AB - Plastic vessels were used to culture mouse spleen cells by the technique of Marbrook (1967) and good primary antibody responses were obtained. These vessels some advantages over glassware, which may allow a wider use of this technique. PMID- 1120905 TI - Quantitative immunoautoradiography at the cellular level. I. Design of a microphotometric method to quantitate membrane antigens on single cells using 125I-labeled antibodies. AB - Iodine-125 has become a commonly-used radioisotope, especially for immunoautoradiographic investigations. Microphotometry of grain density, a well established method in autoradiography with tritium and carbon-14, was applied to nucleated cells with 125I-labeled membranes. Geometric and absorption factors of radiation were investigated in order to find suitable conditions for quantitative evaluation. A preparatory device is given and a set-up of appropriate measuring conditions is presented. With these prerequisites the reflected-light bright field photometry of immunoautoradiographs permits to determine automatically the content of surface antigens of single cells. Measurement examples were demonstrated. PMID- 1120906 TI - Effect of ecdysterone and juvenoid on the developmental involution of flight muscles in Acheta domestica. PMID- 1120907 TI - [In vivo action of ecdysone on the imago morphogenesis of Aeshna cyanea (Odonata)]. PMID- 1120909 TI - Biochemical evidence of DNA transport from the silk gland to the fat body of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. PMID- 1120908 TI - Time-dosage studies of juvenile hormone action on the development of Plodia interpunctella. PMID- 1120910 TI - Factors promoting vitellogenic competence and yolk deposition in the cockroach ovary: larval-adult transition. PMID- 1120911 TI - Metabolism of 3beta,14alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-(3alpha-3H)-cholest-7-en-6-one in Calliphora stygia. PMID- 1120912 TI - [In vitro culture of the ovaries of Tenebrio molitor. Juvenile hormone, vitellogenesis, and survival of young oocytes]. PMID- 1120913 TI - RNA synthesis in imaginal disks of Galleria mellonella: effects of alpha- and beta- ecdysone and fat body in vitro. PMID- 1120914 TI - Isolation and characterization of a glycoprotein from the stonefly, Pteronarcys californica, which binds cadmium. PMID- 1120915 TI - Excretion of juvenile hormone and its metabolites in the locust, Locusta migratoria. PMID- 1120916 TI - Sexual excitation by pheromones of the confused flour beetle. PMID- 1120917 TI - CO2-induced changes in the ERG of the fly. Sarcophaga bullata. A component analysis. PMID- 1120918 TI - NADPH-cytodhrome-c-reductase: changes in specific activity in gypsy moth larvae. PMID- 1120919 TI - A polypeptide sperm activator from male saturnid moths. PMID- 1120920 TI - The Dean's letter--1975. The University of Kansas Medical Center. PMID- 1120921 TI - Development of a concept: regional gynecologic cancer service at KUMC. PMID- 1120922 TI - Emergency medical services in Kansas: emergency mobile intensive care technician. PMID- 1120923 TI - Heart surgery: advances in cardiac surgery. PMID- 1120925 TI - Editorial: The aqua regia of ecumenicalism. PMID- 1120924 TI - Fasting HGH in diabetes: regulation of ambulatory diabetics. PMID- 1120926 TI - Hemoglobin E, an oxidatively unstable mutation. AB - When bloods from 3,159 individuals from the United States, Iran, Ethiopia, and South Vietnam were examined for erythrocytic enzyme deficiencies with a new test utilizing the visible reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol by glutathione, gross turbidity was observed in 81 samples. All were from Southeast Asia and 78 contained hemoglobin E. The precipitation rates of various hemoglogins in hemolysates incubated with dichlorophenolindophenol were: Hb EE greater than Hb AE greater than other hemoglobins (A, S, C, D, A2, F, O-Arabia, Rush). Hemoglobin E is an oxidatively unstable hemoglobin, possibly with weakened alpha 1 beta 1 contact; it may result in increased susceptibility to oxidative hemolysis and can be simply detected and differentiated from both Hb C and Hb O-Arabia. PMID- 1120927 TI - Investigation of small bowel transit time in man utilizing pulmonary hydrogen (H2) measurements. AB - Pulmonary H2 excretion was used to quantitate the small bowel transit time in man. This technique is based on the observation that H2 is produced when carbohydrate is fermented by colonic bacteria and that this H2 production is reflected by a concomitant increase in breath H2 excretion. The time, therefore, between ingestion of the unabsorbable disaccharide, lactulose, and the rise in breath H2 represents the small intestinal transit time of the head of the lactulose load as it passes through the gut. Following ingestion of a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lactulose by 9 subjects, transit time measured by H2 excretion correlated closely with the simultaneously determined time for PEG to reach the distal ileum (r equals 0.97). The ileal appearance of PEG preceded the rise in H2 excretion by a mean of 7.6 minutes. Transit time of 19 Gm. of lactulose in 40 healthy subjects averaged 72 minutes (range 25 to 118). Studies repeated 3 to 5 times in 6 subjects showed good individual reproducibility with subsequent measurements differing from initial by a mean of plus or minus 14 per cent. There was an inverse relation between transit time and dose of lactulose ingested by 9 subjects with 5, 10 and 20 Gm. of lactulose having mean transit times of 128 plus or minus 19, 94 plus or minus 15, and 40 plus or minus 8 (S$M.) minutes, respectively. This technique appears to provide a simple, safe, and noninvasive means of studying small bowel transit time in man. PMID- 1120928 TI - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in parents and children. AB - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), an enxyme catalyzing the final step in the synthesis of norepinephrine, is released with norepinephrine on stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. In this study an enzymatic colorimetric method was used to assay serum DBH activity in 196 individuals of whom 169 were either the parents or children in 29 families. We examined the association of DBH with age and with hypertension and the faamilial pattern of distribution of serum DBH activity. Serum DBH activity was highest in te groups 10 to 14, 40 to 49, and over 60 years. There was no significant difference in serum DBH activity between normal subjects and individuals with hypertension in any age group. tfurthermore, there was no significant correlation of mean blood pressure with serum DBH activity with or without correction of DBH for age differences; Highly significant correlations of serum DBH activity were found in sibling-sibling pairs and in mean parent-child pairs. No significant correlations were found for father-mother pairs. These observations suggest that the contribution of heredity is more important that shared environment in determining the familial pattern of distribution of serum DBH activity. Serum DBH activity did not have a bimodal distribution in the population. Noevidence was found for a maternal influence or for sex linkage in the transmission of this trait. Our data, derived from this study restricted to families with only two generations, are not adequate to specify with confidence the mode of inheritance of DBH activity in the general population. PMID- 1120929 TI - Defective regulation of chemotaxis in cirrhosis. AB - The presence of a severe leukotactic defect in cirrhotic patients has been confirmed. This defect is due to the presence of abnormally high levels of the chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) in serums of patients with hepatic cirrhosis. This inactivator inhibits each of three different chemotactic factors tested and does so in an irreversible manner. As would be predicted by these results, generation of chemotactic activity in cirrhotic serums by a complement activating agent is markedly impaired. Physicochemical features of CFI in cirrhotic serum differ slightly from that found in normal human serum. These results indicate the nature of the chemotactic defect in cirrhotic patients and may explain the increased susceptibility of these patients to bacterial infections and some of their reported defected in expression of cellular immunity. PMID- 1120930 TI - Studies on crystal-induced chemotactic factor. II. Role of phagocytosis. AB - The interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) and urate crystal leads to the formation of a chemotactic factor. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for ingestion of crystals by the cells in the generation of the chemotactic factor. Our studies showed that when PMN's were incubated with cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of phagocytosis, and urate crystals, no chemotactic activity appeared in the lysosomal extract of the cells. Likewise, no chemotactic activity was present in the media of PMN's incubated with crystals although lysosomal enzyme activity was increased. These findings indicate that phagocytosis is required for chemotactic activity to appear. Our studies also show that cytochalasin B increases the release of lysosomal enzyme B glucuronidase but not of cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase from PMN's when the cell encounters urate crystals. PMID- 1120931 TI - Control of plasma renin activity in chronic stable renal disease. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined on 70 subjects in clinical salt and water balance with stable glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ranging from 4 to 189 ml. per minute. Average 24-hour urine sodium excretion was obtained for 3 to 5 days prior to the study. The relationship between PRA and daily sodium excretion present in the low GFR group (GFR less than 80 ml. per minute) was similar to that obtained in the high GFR group (GFR greater than 80 ml. per minute). Hypertensive and normotensive subjects also demonstrated a relationship between PRA and daily sodium excretion although the values for PRA tended to be lower in the hypertensive subjects. In 32 subjects, following water hydration, a hypotonic saline load was administered. PRA values fell in 26 subjects, remained unchanged in 5, and increased in 1 subject. The decrease in PRA was not related to the level of GFR and was similar in the normotensive and hypertensive low GFR group. The level of PRA before or after the saline load did not relate to the level of distal sodium supply as estimated by CH2O/GFR + CNA/GFR. In subjects with chronic stable renal disease PRA responds appropriately to variations in daily salt intake and acute volume expansion with saline. Hypertensive subjects with impaired renal function appear to be able to vary PRA levels as do normotensive subjects with impaired renal function. PMID- 1120932 TI - Pseudohyperkalemia and extreme leukocytosis. AB - Two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and pseudolhyperkalemia are described. Both patients had white blood cell counts exceeding 600,000 per cubic millimeter. Routine determinations of serum potassium were elevated while normal values were obtained when plasma and serum were separated within 30 minutes of venipuncture. Incubation of clotted and heparinized specimens for 6 hours was accompanied by a marked increase of potassium levels. This study indicates that extreme leukocytosis alone can give rise to apparent hyperkalemiamtrue values can be obtained if the determinations are performed quickly after venipuncture. PMID- 1120933 TI - Placental acid hydrolase purification on concanavalin A-sepharose. AB - Crude human placental extract was chromatographed on concanavalin A-Sepharose. Using a single procedure, 20- to over 300-fold purification of six acid glycohydrolases was achieved, in most cases with a good yield. Improved yield of individual enzymes could be achieved by modifications of the method of elution. The capacity of concanavalin A-Sepharose to bind glycohydrolases from placenta was very large, and will provice a useful procedure for the large-scale purification of the human enzymes. PMID- 1120934 TI - A precise catecholamine assay for small plasma samples. AB - The time, temperature, and pH of the trihydroxyindole reaction were controlled to minimize interference between norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) so that, in plasma catecholamine assay within normal human physiologic range, NE contributes less than 1 per cent to the fluorescence produced from E, and E contributes only 0.5 to 10 per cent to NE fluorescence; assay and blank measurements show superior stability. Elution from alumina and instrumental factors, such as optical filters, were optimized so that a single 5 ml. plasma sample sufficed for triplicate analyses of both NE and E, with duplicate blanks for each. This triplicate fluorescence assay was combined with duplicate recovery measurements of radioactive catecholamines added in tracer quantities to the plasma so as to make possible reliable estimates of the precision of measurement of each individual sample. The mean levels found for men aged 40 to 60 years from antecubital vein blood drawn during the subject's working hours (but after a brief rest) were, for NE 0.38 ng. per milliliter, range 0.15 to 0.54 ng. per millilter, and for E 0.09 ng./ml, range 0.01 to 0.27 ng. per millilter. The high precision and small amounts of blood required by this method made possible the measurement of basal plasma levels of E and NE in rats under two-stage phenobarbital anesthesia. The mean levels for 13 male and 4 female Long-Evans stain rats weighing 250 to 350 grams were, for NE 0.26 ng. per millilter, range 0.16 to 0.37 ng. per millilter, and for E 0.36 ng. per millilter, range 0.14 to ng. per millilter. These rat values are called basal because they are only 1/5 to 1/10 as large as values obtained on plasma secured by single-stage pentobarbital anesthesia or from unanesthetized rats. Eight to 11 ml. of whole blood obtained from each rat were sufficient for individual analyses, an improvement over most other reported methods which require blood from a number of animals to be pooled. The average precision of an individual determination of NE was plus or minus 10 per cent in the range of 0.20 to 0.40 ng. per millilter. The average recovery for NE was 65 per cent and for E it was 55 per cent. Major factors influencing recovery were quantitatively investigated and discussed. PMID- 1120935 TI - Enzymatic determination of carbamyl phosphate in blood. AB - A specific assay for determination of carbamyl phosphate (carbamyl P) in blood has been developed using the enzymatic conversion of carbamyl P to citrulline by ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT). This assay, for evaluation of bioavailability of carbamyl P, is necessary for study of the in vivo and in vitro effects of carbamyl P as an antisickling agent. The recovery of carbamyl P as citrulline was 88 to 92 per cent. Carbamyl P in whole dog blood in vitro decomposed with first-order kinetics with a t-1/2 of 42 minutes, the same as the t-1/2 reported for decomposition of carbamyl P to cyanate in buffers at physiologic temperature and pH. When carbamyl P (190 mg. per kilogram) was injected intraperitoneally into mice, it appeared in the blood, with a maximum concentration of 0.2 mM observed between 1 and 5 minutes after injection, followed by a rapid decrease within 10 minutes. The clearance of carbamyl P from dog blood after intravenous injection was first-order, with a t-1/2 of approximately 2.2 minutes. The rapid disappearance of carbamyl P in vivo may possibly by explained by the action of tissue acyl phosphatases which have been reported to hydrolyze carbamyl P. PMID- 1120936 TI - An automatic device for the isolated rabbit heart preparation for testing cardioactive drugs. AB - An automatic device for the isolated rabbit heart is described. Test solutions are perfused from reservoirs via valves, the sequence and time of opening of which is controlled by a programmable unit. The perfusate was pushed through the heart at a constant flow-rate, with pressure measurement serving as an indicator of preparation stability. The system worked well giving reproducible results without tedious, repetitive manual work. The results obtained with caffeine were in line with those reported in the literature, there being a dose-dependent increase in rate and force of contraction. PMID- 1120937 TI - The uncoating of native and reconstituted TMV by dimethylsulphoxide: the polarity of stripping. AB - The effect of increasing concentrations of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) on the stability of native and reconstituted tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been investigated by means of electron microscopy and infectivity assay. The removal of protein subunits from TMV by DMSO was found to be a stepwise process. Subunits are first removed from the 3'OH end of the rod but at about 72% DMSO the site at which uncoating occurs shifts to the 5' end. Studies with reconstituted and partially reconstituted TMV confirm the stepwise nature of the uncoating process. Complete uncoating of reconstituted TMV was found to occur at smaller DMSO concentrations than that of native TMV. PMID- 1120938 TI - Radioactive labelling of borme mosaic virus. AB - Brome mosaic virus (BMV) can be radioactively labelled by allowing virus synthesis to take place in barley leaves whose cut ends are placed in solutions of radio active precursors of BMV. When barley plants are infected by inoculation of the first emerging leaf, the rate of incorporation of both [14C]-leucine and [32P]-ortho-phosphate into virus particles was found to be maximal in the second leaf, cut and labelled 4 to 5 days after inoculation. The rate of incorporation declined when the labelling or the cutting and labelling were delayed, even though assembly of particles still took place from pre-formed components. An exposure of 72 h to an appropriate amount of 32P yielded highly radioactive BMV RNA for possible sequencing studies. A specific radioactivity (32P) of the order of 1 mCi/mg RNA can be obtained readily. PMID- 1120939 TI - The Tantalus Ration--a scaffolding for some personality-core vectors. AB - The two opposing vectors which are the core of our personality theory are "participation" and "separation." By participation we mean one's identification of his ego with a person(s), an object, or a symbolic construct outside himself, and his striving to lose his separate identity by fusion with this other object or symbol. Separation, of course, is the opposite vector. We use these opposing vectors of unification--fusion nad separation--isolation as the main axis of our theory in conjunction with three major developmental phages. The first is the process of birth. The second is the crystallization of an individual ego by the molding of the "ego boundary." The third phase of separation is a corollary of socialization when one reaches one's "ego identity" (12). The strain to overcome the separating and dividing pressures never leaves the human individual. The striving to partake in a pantheistic whole is ever present and it takes many forms; if one avenue towards its realization is blocked, it surges out from another channel. An illustrative case is the achievement motive which is a participation surrogate. Actual participation is unattainable by definition. The objective impossibility of participation is augmented by the countering separating vectors, both instinctual and interactive. At any given moment of our lives there would be a disjuncture, a gap between our desires for participation and our subjectively defined distance from our participatory aims. We have denoted this gap the Tantalus Ratio which is the relationship between the longed for participatory goal and the distance from it as perceived by ego. The Tantalus Ratio is dependent on, interalia, the strength of the participatory vectors, as determined by the age distances from the developmental stages of birth, ego boundary, and ego identity. PMID- 1120940 TI - Replications and refinements. PMID- 1120941 TI - A twofold failure to replicate the results of O'Connor and Hermelin in discriminative learning with reversal in the case of mentally retarded children. PMID- 1120942 TI - Differential transfer in poor and normal readers. AB - It has been suggested that children who sustain specific reading disability experience difficulty in abstracting and generalizing the invariant components of words containing redundant elements because of basic dysfunction in categorical processing. This hypothesis was assessed by comparing independent samples of poor and normal readers on transfer of training tasks of two different types: a visual verbal association task which simulated the reading process, and a visual-visual association task unlike reading. It was predicted that poor readers would perform significantly below normal readers on both initial learning and transfer under the visual-verbal association conditions. In contrast, it was expected that the performance of similar groups of poor and normal readers would be comparable under the visual-visual training and transfer conditions. The results supported these predictions, and it was concluded that the generalization problems observed in poor readers in early word learning are, most likely, attributable to transfer difficulties associated with specific disorder in visual-verbal integration, rather than primary or basic disorder in categorization ability. PMID- 1120943 TI - Children's evaluations of temporally distant outcomes. AB - Forty 4th grade boys indicated their perceptions of value and of excitement at the expected receipt, either immediately or a week later, of good- and bad tasting foods. They also chose between receiving immediately either the food originally expected immediately, or the one expected in a week's time. Delayed bad-tasting foods were judged less aversive and chosen more often than immediately expected ones. Evaluations and choices of good-tasting foods revealed similar, although weaker, trends. These findings are interpreted as reflecting the 10-year-old's confusion of subjective excitement and objective value, which arises from inadequate attention to the effects of delay. The findings are compared with results obtained in a similar study with 7th grade boys. PMID- 1120944 TI - The relation of reflection-impulsivity to field dependence-independence and internal-external control in children. AB - First- and third-grade black children were administered Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test, Karp and Konstadt's Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT), and Shore, Milgram, and Malasky's Locus of Control Interview (LCI). It was hypothesized that reflective children would be (a) more field-independent and (b) more internal than their impulsive counterparts. The first hypothesis was supported and discussed in terms of the task demands of the CEFT. The failure to find strong support for the second hypothesis was attributed to the generalized nature of the LCI. PMID- 1120945 TI - Reflection-impulsivity and locus of conflict in emotionally disturbed children. AB - Forty-four emotionally disturbed children were administered the Matching Familiar Figures Test by one examiner, and the 13 most impulsive and 13 most reflective children were chosen. The teachers of these 26 children were asked to fill out a Locus of Conflict Rating Scale by which each child was designated as either an internalizer or externalizer. Impulsive children were found to be externalizers, while reflective children were internalizers. The implications of these results for the etiology and treatment of maladaptive behaviors of emotionally disturbed children were discussed. PMID- 1120946 TI - Academic achievement, situational stress, and problem-solving flexibility. AB - Academic overachieving (n equals 12) and underachieving (n equals 10) tenth grade boys were randomly assigned, with their parents, to either a success or a failure treatment in a problem solving task to determine the effects of induced stress on problem solving flexibility. For the underachievers, Ss in the success treatment were the most flexible, while for the overachievers, Ss in the failure treatment were the most flexible. A curvilinear proposition, consistent with Hebb's cue arousal postulate was proposed to explain the results and also to explain the apparent discrepancies in the literature as to whether situational stress increases or decreases flexibility in problem solving. An implication of the proposition is that for persons with feelings of personal inadequacy, increases in situation stress result in decreased problem solving flexibility, but for persons with feelings of personal adequacy such increases enhance their problem solving flexibility. PMID- 1120947 TI - Catecholamine histofluorescence in the median eminence of female rabbits activated by mating. AB - Mating was used in the rabbit as a physiological trigger, easily definable in time, for the activation of gonadotropic hypothalamic structures. Using the histochemical fluorescence technique of Falck and Hillarp, it has been attempted to determine whether, in relation to mating, clearly distinuishable and reproducible changes in histofluorescence occur in the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic system in combination with hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormone release. Between 20-30 min post-coitum an increase in DA turnover was noted in the external layer of the median eminence. The characteristics of this reaction were studied by administration of reserpine and alpha-methyl-paratyrosine. Immediately after coitus, a paradoxical fluorescence reactivation was observed in the median eminence in female rabbits in which tyrosine-hydroxylase activity was inhibited for 5 hours. PMID- 1120948 TI - Influence of stress on regional brain serotonin metabolism after progesterone treatment and upon plasma progesterone in the rat. AB - The effect of progesterone upon stress altered serotonin (5-HT) metabolism in various regions of the rat brain was investigated with regard to a possible connection with premenstrual and post-partum depression. When electric footshock was administered to ovariectomized rats pretreated with progesterone or its vehicle, there were generally higher 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations after progesterone. 5-HT levels were significantly higher in thalamus, hippocampus, raphe, and frontal cortex, 5-HIAA rose significantly in hippocampus, raphe, and frontal cortex. Whereas after electric footshock alone the septum showed highest increases of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and hippocampus ranged last, after pretreatment with progesterone increases of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were least pronounced in septum but rather high in hippocampus. Electric footshock administered to ovariectomized rats also resulted in an increase of plasma progesterone concentration. PMID- 1120949 TI - Antagonism by haloperidol of the L-DOPA-induced disruption of a successive discrimination in the rat. AB - Male rats were trained to perform a conditioned avoidance response combined with a successive discrimination in a shuttle-box. The administration of L-DOPA, 100 mg/kg i.p., after inhibition of peripheral dopa decarboxylase, disrupts the discrimination but not the acoidance behaviour, whereas the administration of the antipsychotic agent haloperidol (HPD), 0.125 mg/kg i.p., disrupts the avoidance behaviour but not the discrimination. The L-DOPA-induced disruption of the successive discrimination was completely antagonized by 0.25 mg/kg of HPD. The present data show that administration of the antipsychotic agent HPD not only inhibits behaviour but also can improve the behaviour in animals with a disturbed function. PMID- 1120950 TI - Hydroxyindole-O-methyl-transferase activity in the pineal gland of the rabbit. AB - Rabbit pineal HIOMT activity shows a diurnal rhythm. The highest values are observed at night and the lowest during the daytime. Animals kept in permanent darkness show higher values than those in constant light. Bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy results in a tenfold decrease in pineal HIOMT activity. PMID- 1120951 TI - Separation of pineal extracts by gelfiltration. II. Identification and isolation of two indoles from sheep pineal glands. AB - After separation of aqueous extracts of sheep pineal bodies and sheep cerebral cortex on Sephadex G-25, a high fluorescence peak showing an excitation maximum at 305 leads to 310 nm and a fluorescence maximum at 350 leads to 355 nm was observed in pineal extracts, which could not be detected in cerebral cortex extracts. Separation of this pineal fluorescence peak on Sephadix G-10 with water elution, followed by gradient elution of water and NaOH, gave rise to several highly fluorescent peaks. From one of these it was possible to isolate a substance with Rf-values, using thinlayer chromatographic, fluorescence and mass spectra studies, identical with synthetic 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. From another peak a substance, idential with synthetic 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid, could be isolated. The results are compared with those obtained in previous studies. PMID- 1120952 TI - The effect of porphyrin precursors on monosynaptic reflex activity in the isolated hemisected frog spinal cord. AB - The porphyrin precursors beta-aminolevulinic acid (beta-ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) which accumulate, and are excreted in the urine in increased amounts during acute attacks of porphyria, were tested for their effects on reflex activity in the isolated hemisected spinal cords of Xenopus laevis. The two compounds were found to exert an inhibitory effect on monosynaptic ventral root responses, as well as on dorsal root responses (DRR) and dorsal root potentials (DRP). The latent period for inhibition of the monosynaptic response was longer than that for the DRR and DRP. The sensitivity of the preparations to the effect of the porphyrin precursors was subject to some seasonal variation. BETA-ALA and PBG did not effect conduction in isolated sciatic nerves at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. PMID- 1120953 TI - Development of a "blood-brain barrier" to methadone in the newborn rat. AB - The chronic administration of dl-methadone to female rats during gestation results in the simultaneous administration of the drug to the unborn fetus. The tissue concentration of methadone in fetal brain is several-fold greater than in maternal brain. Methadone concentration in other maternal tissues studied was higher than in their fetal counterpart. Similar brain concentrations of methadone were seen in 19- to 21-day fetal rats, taken from mothers who had been treated with methadone, as was found in 1-day-old pups which were given an i.p. injection of methadone directly. The amount of methadone concentrating in the brain from a single 5 mg/kg dose increased with increasing postnatal age until about day 15 and then decreased to near adult levels by days 30 to 35. The blood concentration of methadone was more or less constant with all age groups and was significantly lower than brain concentrated at all time periods studied prior to day 30. The data presented would suggest that there is no true blood-brain barrier to methadone in either the young or the adult rat. However, there is some process which limits the brain content of methadone in the adult which is absent in the young animal. This process appears to be developed by about 30 to 35 days after birth. The apparent delay in the developmental processes seen in the pups born to and nursed by mothers chronically treated with methadone is not statistically significant. PMID- 1120954 TI - Uptake into brain proteins of 35S-methionine during morphine tolerance. AB - Effect of morphine sulfate on protein synthesis in rat brain was evaluated in tolerant and nontolerant rats. Male Wistar-Lewis rats were randomly distributed to control, tolerant and nontolerant groups. The rats were made tolerant by giving morphine sulfate (25 mg/kg b.i.d.) for either 42 or 84 days. An aqueous solution of 35S-methionine (0.5 muc/g b.w.t.) was administered i.v. Rats from each group were then sacrificed at 20 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after 35S methionine. The 35S-activity in trichloroacetic acid-precipitated proteins and supernatant fractions from cortex, hypothalamus, putamen, corpus callosum, thalamus, cerebellum, kidney and liver was determined. In addition the amounts of label in lipid, saline-soluble and insoluble proteins of whole brain for tolerant and control rats were determined. The 35S-activity in brain proteins of non tolerant rats did not differ from those of controls. The six brain areas in tolerant rats 1 and 2 hours after injection of 35S-methionine showed a 15 percent, then 30 percent increase in radioactivity (disintegrations per minute per milligram of protein). Proteins from putamen and corpus callosum had w/w 60 percent of the 35S-activity found in hypothalamus and cortex. There was no difference in 35S-activity in kidney and liver between control and tolerant rats. The radioactivity of the brain lipids was 2 percent of that found in proteins in both tolerant and control groups. Protein synthesis in morphine tolerant rat brain is significantly (P smaller than .01) increased as judged by incorporation of 35S-methionine. PMID- 1120955 TI - Antagonism of the convulsant effects of heroin, d-propoxyphene, meperidine, normeperidine and thebaine by naloxone in mice. AB - Naloxone antagonized convulsions produced by tail vein infusions of d propoxyphene, heroin, meperidine, normeperidine and thebaine in mice in a dose related manner. Pretreatment with naloxone (60 mg/kg i.p.) produced a 200 percent increase of the dose of d-propoxyphene or heroin needed to produce a seizure. A 40 percent increase in the convulsant dose of meperidine was observed after naloxone pretreatment (30 mg/kg i.p.). Naloxone (15 mg/kg i.p.) produced a 30 percent increase in the convulsant dose of normeperidine; however, larger doses of naloxone did not produce any further increase in the convulsant dose of either normeperidine or meperidine. Larger doses of naloxone were needed to antagonize convulsions produced by thebaine. Heroin, d-propoxyphene and meperidine produced nonlethal clonic seizures, whereas normeperidine and thebaine produced tonic clonic seizures which were followed by death. These data suggest that there may be two mechanisms by which narcotic analgesics and their congeners produce convulsions. PMID- 1120956 TI - Tolerance characteristics produced during the maximally tolerable chronic pentobarbital dosing in the cat. AB - The method of "maximally tolerable" dosing technique for establishing a reproducible state of barbiturate dependence in cats was used for the study. The development of tolerance in animals treated by this method has been quantitatively assessed. Sodium pentobarbital was administered morning and evening for 35 days via a plastic tube implanted into the stomach through the abdominal wall. A range of neurological signs of intoxication was scored before and after each dose and during the day at certain preset intervals. Based on the scoring of neurological impairment, each cat was given the maximally tolerable anesthetic dose of sodium pentobarbital. All of the animals treated by this method exhibited severe withdrawal signs upon abrupt withdrawal of the drug. For each cat, blood pentobarbital concentrations were determined every day before and 1 to 11/4 hours after the morning dose. Also, a complete blood pentobarbital elimination study was made on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of the regimen. These results distinguished between dispositional and functional tolerance. The dispositional tolerance developed maximally within a week and was maintained at that level as long as the treatment was continued. The functional tolerance, on the other hand, developed more gradually and progressed with continued treatment. PMID- 1120957 TI - Effects of chronic ethanol treatment and thyroxine administration on ethanol metabolism and liver oxidative capacity. AB - Chronic administration of ethanol to rats leads to an increase in the rate of ethanol metabolism in vivo and in vitro. In vitro studies in liver slices showed that ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na++K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase, can completely block the extra ethanol metabolism in the livers of the treated animals only in the presence of ouabain. Administration of thyroxine led to an increase in the rate of ethanol metabolism when measured both in vitro and in vivo. This effect was biphasic; an activation occurred only with low doses of thyroxine but disappeared after administration of larger doses. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the liver of the animals treated with large doses of thyroxine was found to be significantly reduced. With the doses used (50-1000 mug/kg), thyroxine also increased the rate of oxygen consumption as measured in liver slices. However, a biphasic effect did not occur; a near maximum activation on the rate of oxygen consumption occurred with low doses of thyroxine (100 mug/kg). Oxygen consumption was also found to be increased in the liver of animals chronically treated with ethanol. A maximal effect was produced after 18 to 21 days of treatment. For both ethanol and thyroxine-treated animals, an increased rate of oxygen consumption occurred with a concomitant loss of dinitrophenol effect. Mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase was found to be increased in the liver of animals treated with ethanol or with thyroxine. In these two groups, this enzymatic activity appeared to be less affected by the treatment than the dinitrophenol-activated respiration. PMID- 1120958 TI - Biliary excretion of colchicine. AB - After intravenous administration of 3H-colchicine (0.2 mg/kg) to rats, 68 percent was excreted in the feces in 48 hours suggesting bile might be the major route of excretion for colchicine. Rats with cannulated bile ducts excreted 50 percent of a 2 mg/kg dose into the bile within 2 hours; half of this was colchicine, and the rest was desmethylcolchicine and more polar metabolites. Colchicine was excreted into the bile of the rat against a bile/plasma concentration gradient of 800 which resulted from a liver/plasma ratio of 15 and a bile/liver ratio of 60. The biliary excretion of colchicine varied widely among the hamster, dog and rabbit. Of the administered colchicine, 32, 20 and 16 percent were excreted by the hamster, dog and rabbit, respectively, within 2 hours. There was also a species difference in the percentage of the radioactivity present in bile as the parent drug. In the hamster, dog and rabbit, the percentage of radioactivity excreted into the bile as colchicine was 45, 34 and 72 percent, respectively. These species excreted colchicine into the bile against a bile/plasma gradient ranging from 19 to 870. Partition of these gradients between liver/plasma and bile/liver ratios demonstrated that both ratios were greater than one, suggesting that colchicine is excreted by an active process. The liver/bile gradient was always the larger of the two ratios. PMID- 1120959 TI - Effect of biliary stasis and hepatotoxins on the excretion of iopanoate in the rat. AB - In rats, hepatic dysfunction was induced with CCl4, SKF 525-A, taurolithocholic acid and alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate and by acute and chronic surgical ligation of the bile duct. Biliary and urinary excretion of 125I-labeled iopanoate was measured after a standard i.v. dose. In the absence of normal biliary excretion, the amount excreted in the urine varied over a wide range (0.25-11.2 percent of the dose), with highest rates of urinary excretion occurring after alpha naphthylisothiocyanate and chronic stasis. Drug disposition was further determined by tissue analysis of liver and kidney. The results indicate that, for a drug that is normally almost exclusively excreted by the bile, in the presence of hepatic dysfunction the amount excreted by the alternate urinary route depends on the type of the induced hepatic disorder. The intrarenal distribution of 125I radioactivity is strongly influenced by its plasma concentration rather than just by the rate of excretion in the urine. PMID- 1120960 TI - Inhibition of chondromucoprotein synthesis: an extraneuronal effect of nerve growth factor. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is probably made by many extraneural tissues and some mesenchymal tumors. The present study investigated the effects of NGF on the in vitro synthesis of macromolecules by embryonic chicken cartilage. Cartilage deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid synthesis as estimated by radioactive thymidine and uridine incorporation were unaltered by NGF. Chondromucoprotein synthesis as determined by 35SO4 incorporation into cartilage proteins was significantly inhibited by as little as 2 mug/ml of NGF and markedly inhibited (65-82 percent) by 20 mug/ml. Total cartilage protein synthesis as indicated by the incorporation of radioactive leucine was slightly (14 percent) but significantly inhibited by NGF. Fractionation of cartilage proteins into collagen rich and chondromucoprotein-rich fractions and further purification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that all of the inhibition of leucine incorporation was due to the inhibition of chondromucoprotein synthesis. Thus NGF causes a selective and unique inhibition of cartilage chondromucoprotein synthesis. PMID- 1120961 TI - The effect of caffeine on barbiturate sleeping time and brain level. AB - The effect of caffeine and coffee on the sleeping time induced by barbital was tested in rats. It was found that caffeine pretreatment shortened barbital induced sleeping time and that coffee had an effect in direct proportion to its caffeine content; decaffeinated coffee was without effect. It was hypothesized that the shortening was due to an interaction at the brain level. This hypothesis was tested using hexobarbital which is metabolized by the liver whereas barbital is only negligibly so metabolized. Pretreatment with caffeine was found to shorten the hexobarbital sleeping time even though the brain concentration of the latter was actually elevated. It was also shown that caffeine pretreatment was much less effective than phenobarbital pretreatment in stimulating the enzyme systems in the liver which metabolize hexobarbital, aminopyrine and ethylmorphine (in vitro). Consequently, it is concluded that caffeine stimulation of liver metabolism is a relatively minor factor in the shortening of barbiturate sleeping time by caffeine in comparison to the brain interaction of these two drugs. PMID- 1120962 TI - D-amphetamine-induced release of "newly synthesized" and "stored" dopamine from the caudate nucleus in vivo. AB - The lateral and third ventricles of anesthetized cats were perfused continuously with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing 3H-tyrosine and the perfusate was analyzed for 3H-catecholamines. The addition of d-amphetamine sulfate to the perfusing CSF for 2 hours, beginning 2 hours after the start of the 3H-tyrosine perfusion, caused an immediate increase in the efflux of 3H dopamine. The efflux of this amine declined subsequently despite the continued presence of amphetamine in the CSF. The addition of alpha-methyltyrosine to the CSF concurrently with the d-amphetamine did not markedly alter the immediate increase but accelerated the subsequent decline in the efflux of 3H-dopamine. This suggests that ampetamine initially releases dopamine from a "strong pool," but continuous release is dependent upon ongoing amine synthesis. The addition of d-amphetamine to the 3H-tyrosine containing CSF at the start of perfusion immediately increased the efflux of 3H-dopamine. This response was completely blocked by the presence of alpha-methyltyrosine in the CSF. Pretreatment of cats with reserpine effectively depleted the caudate nucleus of endogenous and 3H dopamine, but did not alter the ability of d-amphetamine to increase the efflux of 3H-dopamine. Indeed, the amount of 3H-dopamine released during each collection period by either intraventricular or intravenous administration of d-amphetamine was higher than the content of the labeled amine remaining in the whole caudate nucleus. These results suggest that damphetamine can release both "stored" and "newly synthesized" 3H-dopamine from the caudate nucleus, but that the maintenance of the amphetamine-induced release of dopamine is dependent upon the newly synthetized pool. PMID- 1120963 TI - Central site of the hypertensive action of bradykinin. AB - The intraventricular injection of 1 mug of bradykinin (BK) in rats anesthetized with urethane (1.5 g/kg i.p.) caused an increase in mean arterial blood pressure with little or no change in pulse pressure or heart rate. A similar hypertensive response followed the local administration of 0.5 mug of BK at the pars ventralis of the lateral septal area, whereas local application at other subcortical regions, known to be involved in cardiovascular regulation, caused no effect. Injections of 0.5 or 1 mug of synthetic substance P or 1 mug of 9-desarginine bradykinin at the pars ventralis of the lateral septal area caused no change in blood pressure. In addition, bilateral electrolytical lesions placed in the lateral septal area either markedly reduced or completely blocked the pressor response to intraventricular BK. These results suggest that the pars ventralis of the lateral septal area is involved in the pressor action of BK in the central nervous system. They also indicate that this brain region responds fairly specifically to BK and that local vascular changes are unlikely to be involved in the mediation of the central action of BK. PMID- 1120964 TI - The cardiovascular actions of dopamine and the effects of central and peripheral catecholaminergic receptor blocking drugs. AB - The cardiovascular effects of dopamine (DA) were studied in anesthetized dogs with special attention to the susceptibility of these effects to inhibition by catecholaminergic receptor blocking drugs. Dopamine given by rapid i.v. injection at 1 and 3 mug/kg produced depressor responses whereas doses from 9 to 81 mug/kg produced pressor resposes and increases in cardiac contractile force. Propranolol inhibited the increases in cardiac contractility whereas phenoxybenzamine potentiated the depressor effect of low doses of DA and reversed the pressor effect of high doses. Bulbocapnine blocked the depressor effect of DA in both phenoxybenzamine and propranolol-treated dogs. Pimozide, however, had no effect on the depressor response to DA. In hemodynamic studies, DA reduced blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and renal vascular resistance. Cardiac output and renal blood flow were increased. Bulbocapnine, but not pimozide, abolished the effects of DA on blood pressure, vascular resistance and renal blood flow. In conscious dogs, pimozide abolished apomorphine-induced emesis (an effect mediated by DA receptors in the central nervous system) whereas bulbocapnine had no effect. Therefore, the peripheral vascular and central dopamine receptors may be pharmacologically distinct. PMID- 1120965 TI - Studies concerning the mechanism of suppression of renin secretion by clonidine. AB - Two series of experiments were performed in anesthetized dogs to test the hypothesis that the suppression of renin secretion by clonidine results from a centrally mediated decrease in the activity in the renal sympathetic nerves. In the first series, clonidine (1 mug/kg) was administered directly into the third ventricle of a group of dogs in which renal perfusion pressure was controlled by adjusting an aortic clamp. In these animals, clonidine produced hypotension and bradycardia and suppressed plasma renin activity to 39 percent of the control value. These changes in blood pressure and plasma renin activity were closely correlated. Intraventricular clonidine produced similar alterations in blood pressure and heart rate in another group of dogs in which renal perfusion pressure was not controlled, but failed to suppress plasma renin activity. In the second series of experiments, clonidine was administered intravenously in a dose of 30 mug/kg. Intravenous clonidine produced a transient hypertension followed by hypotension, decreased heart rate and suppressed plasma renin activity to 49 percent of the control value. Renal denervation reduced renin secretion and prevented the suppression of renin secretion produced by intravenous clonidine. Thus, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that the suppression of renin secretion by clonidine results from a centrally mediated decrease in renal sympathetic neural tone. This suppression may be overcome by large falls in renal perfusion pressure. PMID- 1120966 TI - The diagnostic value of ultrasound in hepatomegaly and upper abdominal masses. PMID- 1120967 TI - Primary closure of the common bile duct. PMID- 1120968 TI - Torsion of the fatty appendage of the ligamentum teres of the liver. PMID- 1120969 TI - Abdominal aortic surgery and horse shoe kidney. PMID- 1120970 TI - Trichobezoar presenting as an unusual abdominal mass. PMID- 1120971 TI - Subacute intestinal obstruction due to an enterolith. PMID- 1120972 TI - Strangulated hernias in Uganda and Manchester. PMID- 1120973 TI - Ureter-holding forceps. PMID- 1120974 TI - Wounds and their problems. PMID- 1120975 TI - Organ transplantation--retrospect and prospect. PMID- 1120976 TI - Immunoglobulin and the bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 1120977 TI - Distal conformation of thyroid hormones. Crystal and molecular structure of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine methyl ester. AB - In the crystal structure of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine methyl ester, the 3' iodine is distal, i.e., away from the alanine bearing ring, and the overall conformation is cisoid, that is, the alanine moiety and the outer phenyl ring lie on the same side of the inner phenyl ring plane. This conformation, reported here, for the first time, is in contrast to the transoid conformation previously observed for thyroid hormone structures. The torsional angles between the diphenyl either linkages (theta and theta') are -108 and 33 degrees, respectively, while the C-O-C angle is 117 degrees. The value of chi1, which describes the amino acid backbone conformation, is 308 degrees. The structure crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P41 with a = 8.225 (5) and c = 28.42 (1) A. The final R index is 0.06. PMID- 1120978 TI - Synthesis and properties of new bradykinin potentiating peptides. AB - In a study of the relationship between structure and activity of bradykinin potentiating peptides (BPP), six analogs and homologs of peptides occurring in the venoms of Bothrops jararaca and Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii were synthesized and assayed in the isolated guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. None of the peptides had bradykinin-like activity and their bradykinin potentiating activity was much greater in the guinea pig ileum than in the uterus. The following observations were made with the guinea pig ileum. The introduction of Gln as the eigth residue in potentiator B (pGlu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Lys-Ile-Pro-Pro) and potentiator C (pGlu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Pro-Gly-Pro-Pro-Ile-Pro-Pro) produced a small increase in their bradykinin potentiating activity. Removal of the two N-terminal residues of [Gln8]-potentiator B and [Gln8]-potentiator C led to alterations in activity that paralleled those described earlier for the parent compounds (potentiators B and C). The peptide with the sequence pGlu-Trp-Pro-Ary-Pro-Lys-Trp-Ala-Pro was seven times as active as BPP5a, while the most potent natural BPP, a nonapeptide from B. jararaca venom, is reported to be only four times as active as BPP5a. An analog of the above-mentioned nonapeptide containing Pro8 instead of Ala8 was only as active as BPPa. For all of the peptides, as well as for potentiatrs B and C and BPP5a, the concentration vs. potentiating activity curves had similar shapes, with a plateau at twofold potentiation and a maximum potentiation of 10- to 11-fold. A direct action on the bradykinin receptors may be responsible for the effects observed at lower BPP concentration while the effects at higher concentrations may be due to kininase inhibition. The potentiating activities of potentiator B and its Gln8 analog persisted after the peptides were removed from the medium. This "sensitizing activity" was not observed with any of the other peptides. PMID- 1120979 TI - Norepinephrine uptake sites in cardiac tissue. Lack of affinity of 6 hydroxynorepinephrine and related compounds. AB - The effects of a series of phenethylamines and the corresponding phenethanolamines on (i) rate of uptake of radioactive norepinephrine into cardiac tissue in vivo and (ii) the rate of efflux of radioactive norepinephrine from prelabeled cardiac storage sites have been determined. The results indicate that m- and p-hydroxuphenethylamines and the corresponding phenethanolamines have high affinities for uptake into cytoplasm and storage vesicles of noradrenergic terminals in the heart. o-Hydroxyphenethylamines such as 2-hydroxyphenethylamine and 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine (6-hydroxydopamine) also have moderate to high activity as inhibitors of norepinephrine uptake and as releasing agents for norepinephrine, but o-hydroxyphenethanolamines such as 2-hydroxyphenethanolamine, 2,5-dihydroxyphenethanolamine, and 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethanolamine (6 hyproxynorepinephrine) have little or no activity as inhibitors of uptake or as releasing agents. 2,6-Dihydroxyphenethylamines have little or no activity as inhibitors of uptake or as releasing agents. The results are consonant with significant binding of the gauche conformers of 2-hydroxyphenethylamines to uptake sites. Such conformers would be preferred because of stabilization by hydrogen bonding between nitrogen and phenolic oxygen. Apparently a hydrophobic region of the site prevents binding of such stabilized gauche conformers of 2 hydroxyphenethanolamines and 2,6-dihydroxyphenetylamines. PMID- 1120980 TI - Antiarrhythmic agents. 2-, 3-, And 4-substituted benzylamines. AB - The synthesis of a series of 2-, 3-, and 4-substituted benzylamine derivatives is described. These compounds were studied for their effect on experimental cardiac arrhythmias. Many of the derivatives, but in particular 2-(p methoxyphenylethynyl)benzylamine (3d), alpha,alpha-dimethyl 4y(phenylethynyl)benzylamine (7a), and alpha,alpha-dimethyl-4 phenethylbenzylamine (12g), showed good antiarrhythmic activity. PMID- 1120981 TI - Catechol O-methyltransferase. 6. Affinity labeling with N-haloacetyl-3,5 dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylalkylamines. AB - Several N-acyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylalkylamines have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inactive catechol 9-methyltransferase (COMT). N iodoacetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine was found to rapidly and irreversibly inactivate this enzyme. The corresponding N-bromoacetyl derivative also produced inactivation of COMT but at a slower rate than the N-iodoacetyl derivative. The N-acetyl and N-fumaryl derivatives were completely inactive. The inactivation of COMT by these reagents appears to proceed by a unimolecular reaction within a dissociable complex rather than by a nonspecific bimolecular reaction. The proximity of the amino acid residue being modified relative to the site which binds the aromatic portion of these inhibitors was determined using N iodoacetylphenylakylamines of varying chain length. The number of methylene carbons separating the aromatic ring and the iodoacetamide moiety in these inhibitors did not greatly influence the binding to COMT nor did it affect how rapidly the enzyme was inactivated. From these observations it was concluded that the amino acid moiety being modified by this class of affinity labeling reagents must be relatively close to or part of the site which binds the aromatic region of these inhibitors. PMID- 1120982 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Pyrazolo(3,4 d)pyrimidines and pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridines. AB - 1-, 3-, and 5-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines related to allopurinol were synthesized and evaluated as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Among these compounds, 4-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acids 12 were found to possess potency in the same order of allopurinol. The influence of the substitutions on the enzyme inhibitory effect and the bulk tolerance of the enzyme-inhibitor complex are discussed. PMID- 1120983 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of some ethers of testosterone. Implications concerning the biological activity of esters of testosterone. AB - The benzyl (2), allyl (4), propyl (10), 3-hydroxypropyl (12), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (11), 4 pentenyl (7), and pentyl (8) ethers of testosterone were synthesized. Compounds 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, and 12 were found to be almost devoid of anabolic or androgenic activity in a modified Hershberger Assay, but 2,4,10, and 12 were found to be effective inhibitors of testosterone 5alpha-reductase from human skin. These findings suggest that esters of testosterone and of 19 nortestosterone must hydrolyze before interacting with the hormonal receptors, but that the esters may competitively compete with the parent alchohols for interaction with enzymes. The latter effect may shift the distribution of metabolites of the esters relative to the alchohols and thus influence the pharmacological effect of these compounds. PMID- 1120984 TI - Substituted pyrazolo corticoids as topical antiinflammatory agents. AB - The synthesis of a series of substituted pyrazolo corticoids is described. Of these 11beta,17alpha,21-trihydroxy-6,16alpha-dimethyl-4,6-pregnadieno[3,2-c]-2' (4-pyridly)pyrazole (21) shows an excellent separation of systemic to local activity in the model animal test. Compound 21 exhibits high vasoconstriction activity in human volunteers and is clinically effective in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 1120985 TI - Chemistry and antiinflammatory activities of prodolic-acid and related 1,3,4,9 tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole-1-alkanoic acids. 1. AB - The synthesis and antiinflammatory activities of a series of 23 novel 1,3,4,9 tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole-1-alkanoic acids are described and some relationships between structure and activity are discussed. One of these compounds, 1,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1-propylpyrano[3,4-b]indole-1-acetic acid (prodolic acid, USAN), has been selected for further studies. PMID- 1120986 TI - Synthesis of thieno[2,3-b]azepin-4-ones as potential antineoplastic agents. AB - In view of the antitumor activity reported for 7,8-dimethylbenzo[b]azepine-2,5 dione, new isosteric thieno[2,3-b]-azepin-4-ones have been prepared by a Dieckmann ring closure reaction. Substituted 2-amino-3-carbethoxythiophenes were tosylated, or benzoylated, and the corresponding sodium salt was alkylated with ethyl 4-bromobutyrate. The resulting product was cyclized in the presence of sodium hydride, and the azepinones were detosylated with 40% sulfuric acid-acetic acid solution. Preliminary biological data do not indicate any siginificant antineoplastic activity. PMID- 1120987 TI - Synthfsis of bis(aziridinyl)phosphinyl-N-hydroxyurethane derivatives as antineoplastic agents. AB - Several new "dual antagonists" were synthesized in which the 2,2-dimethyl (or ring C unsubstituted) aziridine phosphinyl function is linked to N hydroxyurethane rather than the urethane moiety. Three of the new compounds showed very high activities against leukemia L1210 in mice. PMID- 1120988 TI - Vulpinic acids as potential antiinflammatory agents. 1. Vulpinic acids with substituents in the aromatic rings. AB - The preparation of a series of vulpinic acids, substituted in either or both of the aromatic rings, is described. The compounds were found to be active in the adjuvant arthritis test in rats. High activity combined with an acceptable therapeutic ratio was confined to analogs with electron-withdrawing substituents in the meta positions of the rings. PMID- 1120989 TI - 1,5-ethano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines. AB - 1,5-Ethano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine, from the LiA1H4 reduction of 2 benzyloxy-1,5-ethano-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine, was converted to N-alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, and alkenyl derivatives which were inactive as morphine type analgetics in mice. The LiA1H4 reduction of 2-benzyloxy-1,5-etheno 4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine gave unstable products from which only the skeletally rearranged dihydro- and tetrahydrobenzo[e]isoindolines, were isolated. PMID- 1120990 TI - Correlation of psychotomimetic activity of phenethylamines and amphetamines with 1-octanol-water partition coefficients. AB - In an attempt to relate the hallucinogenic potencies in man of some biologically important amphetamines and phenethylamines, the 1-octanol-water partition coefficients for 11 amphetamines were determined. Using these values and published Hansch pi constants, the log P for 17 additional amines was estimated. It was found that lipophilicity, as measured by the log of the partition coefficient, may be a significant determinant of the level of hallucinogenic potency. The study also suggests that an ideal log P value for psychotomimetric activity in man may be from 2.89 to 3.72. PMID- 1120991 TI - Hashish. Importance of the phenolic hydroxyl group in tetrahydrocannabinols. AB - Optically active delta-3- and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinols (THC's), cannabidiol and racemic delta-9-cis-THC, and their corresponding analogs (1b yields 4b) in which the positions of the phenolic hydroxyl group and the n-C5 side chain have been interchanged are compared in selected pharmacological tests in mice. the results indicate that the phenolic hydroxyl group in the 1 position in THC's is very important for eliciting activity and that cannabidiol and delta-9-cis-THC possess weak CNS depressant properties. PMID- 1120992 TI - A stereoselective synthetic route to (R)-zearalanone. PMID- 1120993 TI - Synthesis and biological properties of 17 alpha-furylestradiol and dihydroequilin derivatives. AB - A series of 17alpha-furylestradiol and dihydroequilin derivatives was synthesized by reacting the appropriate 3-substituted estrone and equilin with 2- or 3 furyllithium. The oral estrogenic activity of the compounds was compared with that of mestranol. In the Allen-Doisy test, the 17alpha-(3-furyl) analogs were 4 19 times as potent orally as the standard in rats but they were less active in mice. Acetylation of the 17-alcohol or replacement of the 3-furyl by a 2-furyl group produced a decrease in activity. In the mouse uterotrophic assay in mice the compounds were less effective than mestranol and exhibited very shallow dose response curves. PMID- 1120994 TI - Synthesis and estrogenic properties of 7 alpha,8 alpha-epoxy- and 7 alpha, 8 alpha-methyleneestradiols. AB - A series of 7alpha,8alpha-expoxyestradiol derivatives with ethynyl, 2- or 3 furyl, or 2-thienyl substituents in the 17alpha position was prepared. The products were highly active orally in the Allen-Doisy test in rats, but most of them were only weakly active in the uterotrophic assay in the mouse. A 7alpha,8alpha-methylene analog and a 7alpha,8alpha-difluormethylene analog were less active than the corresponding epoxides. PMID- 1120995 TI - Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. 67. 5-Ferrocenyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones. PMID- 1120996 TI - 6-methyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo(2,1-b)quinazolin-2-one, a potent inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 1120997 TI - (1-oxo-2-substituted-5-indanyloxy)acetic acids, a new class of potent renal agents possessing both uricosuric and saluretic activity. A reexamination of the role of sulfhydryl binding in the mode of action of acylphenoxyacetic acidsaluretics. PMID- 1120998 TI - A radioprotective stereostructure-activity study of cis- and trans-2 mercaptocyclobutylamine analogs and homologs of 2-mercaptoethylamine. AB - For purposes of studying stereostructure-activity relationships at the molecular, cellular, and animal levels and probing the mechanism of 2-mercaptoethylamine (MEA) radioprotection we synthesized several conformationally constrained cyclobutyl analogs. The comparative radioprotective properties for MEA, cis- and trans-2-mercaptocyclobutylamine (2), cis- and trans-2 mercaptocyclobutylmethylamine (3), and trans-2-mercaptomethylcyclobutylamine (4) are discussed in terms of their ability to chemically reduce transient free radicals, the formation of single strand breaks in DNA, and protect Chinese hamster cells (in vitro) and mice against the lethal effects of ionizing radiation. The results are interpreted in light of current proposed mechanisms of action for MEA. No correlation exists between ability of these analogs to enhance mice survival times and their ability to protect against the induction of DNA single strand breaks and the inactivation of proliferative capacity of hamster cells growing in vitro. Analysis of two isomers (cis- and trans-3) on the repair of single strand breaks showed both isomers only marginally influenced the rate and did not influence of extent of single strand break rejoining. The results are consistent with a mode of action involving chemical repair of transient radicals and protection against DNA and critical enzymatic sites. PMID- 1120999 TI - ara-Cytidine acylates. Use of drug design predictors in structure-activity relationship correlation. AB - This manuscript if one of a series of investigations into modifying the pharmacologic properties of the antitumor, antiviral, and immunosuppressive nucleoside ara-cytidine (cytarabine, Cytosar). The present paper summarizes our studies on depot ester derivatives of the nucleoside. We are able to predict with reasonable accuracy the biological activity as measured by increased life span in the L1210 leukemic mouse from a combination of two predictor variables: (1) the solubility of the ester in water and (2) its rate of hydrolysis by the mixed esterase system of animal plasma. We have tried unsuccessfully to correlate enzymatic hydrolysis rates with an alkaline hydrolysis model. Calculated Hansch partition (p) values had a correlation of r equal to 0.86 with water solubility. These p values had no additional predictive value. Based on our results, two esters were selected for clinical trial in cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1121000 TI - Linear regression analysis of inhibitory potency of organic disulfides against Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - The Free-Wilson equations are derived for the case of symmetrical substitution and are applied, in four modifications, to in vitro inhibitory activity of 77 organic disulfides against Histoplasma capsulatum. Substituent constants are listed to aid in the design of new inhibitory agents against this human pathogen (and perhaps other fungal organisms). PMID- 1121001 TI - Prostaglandins and congeners. Synthesis of simplified prostaglandins. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by 2-(omega-carboxyalkyl)-3-alkylcycloalkanones. AB - Simplified prostaglandin analogs were prepared and tested for inhibition of gastric acid secretion. An alkyl moiety of 1-8 carbon atoms was substituted for the C-13 to C-20 chain of the PG's. Analog variations included shortened and lengthened acid side chains, beta-oxidation blockage, beta-ketol, Falpha hydroxyl, and cyclohexanone substitution. Maximal inhibitory activity was obtained with the shorter alkyl moieties. PMID- 1121002 TI - Potential antitumor agents. 12. 2-Formyl-4-aminophenylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. AB - The antitumor agent 2-formyl-4-(m-amino)phenylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (4-APPT) has been synthesized by a new route to give significantly better overall yields than previously reported. 4-Phenyl-2-picoline was formed by methylation o4 phenylpyridine with CH3Li which upon nitration produced a mixture of o-, m-, and p-nitro-substituted derivatives. These isomers were separated by the solubility differences of their hydrochloride or nitrate salts in 10, 27, and 40% yields, respectively. Identification and confirmation of the structure of these isomers were carried out by mmr. Each isomer was individually subjected to a series of reactions to oxidize the 2-CH3 group to the corresponding carboxaldehyde and to reduce the NO2 function to an amino group. These agents were tested for antineoplastic activity in mice bearing Sarcoma 180 ascites cells; while the o- and p-amino-substituted derivatives were inactive, the m-amino-substituted agent (4-APPT) approved to be an extremely potent antineoplastic agent. PMID- 1121003 TI - Synthesis and tumor-uptake study of phosphate esters of polyhedral hydroxyboranes. AB - The phosphorylations of B12H11OH2-,B12H10(OH)2-2-, and B20H17OH4-with POCl3 and (C6H5O)2POCl were investigated and the following derivatives were isolated: B12H11OPO3H3-,B12H11OPO3H2-2-,B12H11OPO(OC6H5)-2-2 minus, B12H11OPO(OC6H5)OH2 minus, b12h10(op2o6h2)2-4 minus, B12H10(OPO3H2)2-2 minus, B12Br10(OPO3H)2-4 minus, B12H10[O-PO(OC6H5)2]2-2 minus, B20H18OP2O6H2-4 minus, B20H18OPO3H2-3 minus. The B-O-P bonds proved very resistant to hydrolysis and the phosphates were administered in the for of Na+ salts at pH 7.2 to rats bearing subcutaneous glioma. The boron concentrations in tumors and the tumor/blood concentration ratios were compared with those of parent hydroxy derivatives. Except when the POH function was blocked by phenyl groups the phosphorylation invariably resulted in a greatly enhanced uptake of the borane into tumors and improved the tumor/blood boron ratio. The phopshate function appears to be one of the most effective handles for the incorporation of boron into brain tumors and the compounds show considerable promise for use in the neutron capture therapy of brain tumors. PMID- 1121004 TI - Studies on cyclophosphamide metabolites and their related compounds. 2. Preparation of an active species of cyclophosphamide and related compounds. AB - A synthetic study was made on the active metabolite of cyclophosphamide. Ozonolysis of O-(3 butenyl)-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidate, prepared by reaction of POC13 with 3-buten-1-ol followed by treatment with N,N-bis(2 chloroethyl)amine (nor mustard) and NH3, afforded 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-4 hydroperoxytetrahydro-2H-1, 3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide (4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide). Deoxygenation of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide by triphenylphosphine yielded 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide in a pure crystalline state. These products exhibited high cytostatic activity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results give confirmatory evidence for the hypothesis that C4 hydroxylation on the 1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane ring of cyclophosphamide is necessary for its activation. PMID- 1121006 TI - Antiinflammatory fluoroalkanesulfonanilides. 3. Other fluoroalkanesulfonamido diaryl systems. AB - A series of isosteres of 3-benzoyltrifluoromethanesulfonanilide involving alternatives to the carbonyl linking group was synthesized and screened for antiinflammatory activity in the carrageenan rat paw edema test. The systems examined were of the type m-CF3SO2NH-C6H4-X-C6H5, where X was -CROH-, -CHR-, CH(OH)CH2-, -COCH2-, -CH2CO-, greater than C equal to CR2, -CR equal to CH, -C identical to C-, -CH2CH2-, CONH-, -NR-, -O-, -S(O)n- (n equal to 0,1,2), and carbon-carbon single bond. Many ortho and para derivatives were also tested. Several of these new trifluoromethanesulfonanilides proved equipotent with phenylbutazone. The effects on the anticarrageenan activity of both the nature and ring position of X are discussed. PMID- 1121005 TI - Anticonvulsants. 5. Derivatives of 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin and 5,5 diphenylhydantoin. AB - Alkoxymethyl, acyloxymethyl, and mixed alkylalkoxymethyl or alkylacyloxymethyl derivatives of 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin exhibit anticonvulsant activity. Also effective are bis(alkoxymethyl) and mixed alkylalkoxymethyl derivatives of 5,5 diphenylhydantoin. Of particular interest are 1,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-5,5 diphenylhydantoin and 3-acetoxymethyl-5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin, which show good activity against maximal electroshock seizures, and 3-methoxymethyl-5-ethyl-5 phenylhydantoin, which is effective against both maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole. None of the above compounds show greater activity against maximal electroshock seizures than the parent compounds, however. PMID- 1121007 TI - Antiallergic activity of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrocoumarins. AB - Twenty-four substituted 4-hydroxy-3-nitrocoumarins have been prepared for nitration of the corresponding 4-hydroxycoumarins. All were found to possess antiallergic activity as measured by the homocytotropic antibody-antigen induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in the rat. PMID- 1121008 TI - Cyclopenta[f]isoquinoline derivatives designed to bind specifically to native deoxyribonucleic acid. 1. Synthesis of 3-ethoxy-8-methyl-7(5)H cyclopenta[f]isoquinoline. AB - By the use of space-filling models, a novel compound, 6-carbamylmethyl-8-methyl 7(5)H-cyclopenta[f]isoquinolin-3-(2H)-one was devised which would be expected to hydrogen bond specifically to GC pairs in the major groove of the double helix such that (i) the amino group of the cytosine molecule donates a hydrogen bond to the C-3 carbonyl of the isoquinoline moiety and (ii) the amide proton of the side chain donates a hydrogen bond to the N-7 of guanine. 3-Ethoxy-8-methyl-7(5)H cyclopenta[f]isoquinoline (4) which constitutes the basic ring system of 1 was synthesized in a multistep procedure starting from m-methyl-N-acetylbenzylamine (5). Friedel-Crafts reaction of 5 led to 2,4-bis(chloromethyl)-5-methyl-N acetylbenzylamine (6) which on treatment with KCN, hydrolysis of the resultant nitrile, and subsequent esterification afforded 6-carbethoxymethyl-7-methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-one (9). Treatment of 9 with triethyloxonium fluoborate followed by dehydrogenation of the product gave 6-carbethoxy-methyl-3 ethoxy-7-methylisoquinoline (14). Chain extension of 14 followed by cyclization led to 3-ethoxy-8-methyl-5,6-dihydro-7H-cyclopenta[f]isoquinolin-5-one (19) which on reduction and subsequent dehydration yielded 3-ethoxy-8-methyl-7(5)H cyclopenta[f]isoquinoline (4). PMID- 1121009 TI - Electronic structures of cephalosporins and penicillins. 4. Modeling acylation by the beta-lactam ring. AB - Molecular orbital calculations by the CNDO/2 method are used to study the molecular and electronic details involved in the initial phases of the opening of the beta-lactam ring of a model cephalosporin structure, 7-amino-3-acetoxymethyl 3-cephem. The effect of a simple nucleophile, OH-, approaching the carbonyl carbon center of the beta-lactam ring is monitored by following the charge redistributions that occur in the bicyclic system and in the 3 side chain. A migration of electron density to the ester oxygen of the CH2OAc group is observed with concomitant weakening of the CH2-OAc bond. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of acylation of bacterial cell wall enzymes by beta lactam antibiotics and in relation to the hydrolysis of these molecules. The results indicate that the ability of the 3' substituent of cephalosporins to stabilize electron density transferred to it, i.e., the leavability of the 3' moiety, can be an important factor in activating the beta-lactam toward nucleophilic attack. PMID- 1121010 TI - Isotope effects in enzymatic N-demethylation of tertiary amines. AB - The N-demethylation of 1-(N-methyl-N-trideuteriomethylamino)-3-phenylpropane (1) by rodent liver homogenates was studied. The ratio of 1-trideuteriomethylamino-3 phenylpropane (2)/1-methylamino-3-phenylpropane (3) was determined by gc-ms. The ratio of 2/3 in the product of N-demethylation of 1 by liver homogenate from phenobarbital-treated rats was 1.31 and from untreated rats was 1.32, and the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. The ratio of 2/3 in the product obtained from N-demethylation of 1 by liver homogenates from mice was 1.45. The ratio of 2/3 of greater than unity indicates the presence of a kinetic primary isotopes effect in the enzymatic N-demethylation reaction. This effect is exclusive of the secondary isotope effects on the amino nitrogen. The presence of this primary isotope effect indicates that the cleavage of the C H bond of the N-methyl group is a rate-limiting step in the N-demethylation of tertiary amines by rodent microsomal enzymes. PMID- 1121011 TI - Cycloalkanones. 6. Separation of hypocholesterolemic and antifertility activities in derivatives of 2,8-dibenzylcyclooctanone. AB - Fluoro and hydroxy derivatives of 2,8-dibenzylcyclooctanone were prepared. Separation of antifertility activity from hypolipidemic and uterotropic effects was achieved with 2,8-bis(4-acetoxybenzyl)cyclooctanone. Some enhancement of the hypolipidemic effect in relation to the uterotropic and antifertility activities was seen in 2,8-bis(4-fluorobenzyl)cyclooctanone. Synthetic methods for the hydroxy compounds are presented. PMID- 1121012 TI - Synthesis of 8-(3'-deoxy-alpha-D-threo-pentofuranosyl) adenine and 9-(3'-deoxy alpha-D-threo-pentofuranosyl) adenine. AB - 3-Deoxy-2,5-di-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-alpha-D-threo-entofuranosyl bromide (1) reacted with mercuric cyanide to give 2,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-lyxo-hexononitrile (2) which upon acid hydrolysis of the CN group gave acid 3. Saponification of the protecting groups gave 2,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-lyxo-hexonic acid (4) which reacted with 4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine forming an amide (5) that was pyrolized to give 8 (3'-deoxy-alpha-D-threo-pentofuranosyl) adenine (6). Reaction of bromide 1 with 6 (benzamido) chloromercuriopurine followed by saponification yielded 9-(3'-deoxy alpha-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)adenine(8). 8-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)adenine, 8-(beta D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine, and 8-(3'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro pentofuranosyl)adenine, as well as compound 6, showed no antimalarial activity. PMID- 1121013 TI - Beta-aminocinnamonitriles as potential antiinflammatory agents. AB - A number of beta-aminocinnamonitriles have been prepared by the reaction of salts of acetonitrile and propionitrile with benzonitrile. These materials were evaluated in the carrageenan antiinflammatory screen in Royal Hart, Wistar strain rats. Despite good weight gains in the parent molecule, beta-aminocinnamonitrile (1), only marginal activity was found in related compounds and some possible "metabolites." PMID- 1121014 TI - Oesophageal atresia in the South West of England. AB - A retrospective anatomical and family study was made of 345 patients with oesophageal atresia who were born in the South West of England between 1942 and 1973. There were 186 males and 159 females. Twenty-one cases were stillborn. Eighty-five percent of the patients had a combination of oesophageal atresia with a tracheo-oesophageal fistula to the distal oesophageal segment, and 9 percent had atresia without a fistula. Fifty-five per cent of the patients had other congenital malformations and these tended to be multiple rather than single. Thirty-six per cent of singletons had unequivocal fetal growth retardation, and there is some evidence that nearly all cases have poor fetal growth. There appeared to be a maternal age effect, with an excess of mothers under 20 and over 35, and there was an unexplained excess of fathers employed in the Armed Forces. Ten per cent of the cases were illegitimate. There were 21 twins which is nearly three times the expected number; there were two pairs of twins concordant for oesophageal atresia, one being monozygotic and the other dizygotic. In one case there were two sibs with oesophageal atresia. Five out of 365 sibs had anencephaly. The blood group distributions of the patients and their mothers did not significantly differ from the expected distribution. Oesophageal atresia is aetiologically heterogenous. In this series there were at least five, and probably 10 cases of trisomy 18 and four cases of trisomy 21. Five mothers had overt diabetes, and there is some suggestion from other work that maternal diabetes or its treatment may be aetiologically important. Oesophageal atresia was part of a possibly recessively inherited malformation syndrome in two cases. A sibship with a case of rectal atresia, a case of Hirschprung's disease and a case of oesophageal atresia may represent the action of another recessive gene. It seems likely that oesophageal atresia is a rather non-specific consequence of several teratological processes. PMID- 1121015 TI - Trisomy 13 and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. AB - Initial diagnosis of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome was made in an infant with a prominent nose and broad thumbs and first toes. However, due to the presence of other anomalies such as low-set, malformed ears, anti-mongoloid slant of the eyes, colobomata of the iris, and cleft palate, cytogenetic studies were carried out and the diagnosis of trisomy 13 was confirmed. Since, occasionally, trisomy 13 syndrome may mimic the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, cytogenetic studies should be considered in all patients with clinical diagnosis of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. PMID- 1121016 TI - Partial 12p deletion: a cause for a mental retardation, multiple congenital abnormality syndrome. AB - A severely mentally retarded man displayed the following main symptoms: short stature, microcephaly, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, big ears with hyperplastic helices, imperfect dental enamel, short and webbed neck, short arms, short hands, brachymetaphalangy, short second fingers, broad thumbs, short metatarsal bones, and unusually big first toes. It seems almost certain that the syndrome was caused by a chromosome deletion involving about half of 12p which was present in all of the lymphocytes examined. PMID- 1121017 TI - Neonatal testicular torsion in two brothers. AB - Two brothers presenting neonatal testicular torsion are reported. The findings suggest an autosomal or X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance for the anatomical underlying anomaly. PMID- 1121018 TI - Letter: Klinefelter's syndrome and maternal XX/XXX mosaicism. PMID- 1121019 TI - Letter: Hirschsprung's disease and congenital deafness. PMID- 1121020 TI - A genetic study of torsion dystonia. AB - A family study of 32 patients with torsion dystonia has shown at least two forms of generalized dystonia with onset in childhood. These two forms, an autosomal dominant and an autosomal recessive, are clinically indistinguishable. There were at least three families and probably about six to eight patients with the autosomal recessive variety. The remaining nine to 11 patients with generalized childhood dystonia are thought, because of a probable paternal age effect, to be examples of new dominant mutations. Since fitness with childhood onset is 1/20 of normal, most childhood dominant cases appear sporadically. Most of the other 15 patients (12 with onset in adult life) appear to have a non-genetic torsion dystonia, although an example of a benign adult-onset dominant form associated with a tremor has been observed. It is concluded that there are at least two forms of genetic torsion dystonia, an autosomal recessive form with onset in childhood, which, on evidence from America, is particularly common in Ashkenazi Jews, and one or more dominant forms, with onset in childhood or adult life. The majority of adult-onset isolated cases of idiopathic torsion dystonia seem to be due to exogenous but unidentified causes. PMID- 1121021 TI - Thalassaemia in northern Liberia. A survey in the Mount Nimba area. AB - A population survey in northern Liberia showed an average incidence of 9 percent of beta-thalassaemia trait. There was considerable tribal variation, the highest rates being mainly found in tribes having a low incidence of Hb S. A single example of deltabeta-thalassaemia trait was also found; the incidence of delta chain variants was 1.8 percent. The effect of malaria on Hb A2 levels was investigated but appeared to be negligible. The problems of beta-thalassaemia and Hb S occurring in the same population are discussed. It is considered that, although made on a local sample, the results of this survey indicate a high incidence of beta-thalassaemia trait elsewhere in Liberia and that this is a suitable are for investigations of linkage at beta- and delta-chain loci. No conclusion is at present possible from the data on the presence of alpha thalassaemia although 10 percent of neonates were found to have increased levels of Hb Barts. PMID- 1121022 TI - The occurrence of gonadal dysgenesis in association with monozygotic twinning. AB - A case is presented of a monozygotic twin pair, discordant for phenotypic sex, in which the female member showed gonadal dysgenesis and chromosomal mosaicism. Review of the pertinent literature reveals that in monozygotic twin pairs, phenotypic and karyotypic concordance is the usual occurrence for Down's and Klinefelter's syndromes, whereas discordance often accompanies gonadal dysgenesis. Mosaicism is a frequent concomitant of gonadal dysgenesis in monozygotic twins. Our case strengthens the probability of a real association between mosaicism and monozygotic twinning in gonadal dysgenesis. PMID- 1121023 TI - A family study of coeliac disease. AB - Thirteen of 141 cases (9 percent) of overt, biopsy proven coeliac disease had a definitely affected relative. The pattern of inheritance in these families is compatible with an incompletely penetrant autosomal dominant gene. There was a female preponderance in the adults and the sporadic cases, but not in the children or the familial cases. The series included a pair of concordant and probably monozygotic twins. The authors believe that coeliac disease, as defined at present, is a heterogeneous condition. PMID- 1121024 TI - Haemoglobin Lepore Boston and elliptocytosis in a family of Indonesian-German ancestry. AB - A family is presented in which Hb Lepore Boston was found in six individuals over three generations. The gene must have had its origin either in Java (Indonesia) or in what is now the Federal Republic of Germany. The haemoglobin was characterized by amino-acid analysis of the six tryptic peptides that have a different composition in the beta- and the delta-chain. The ratio of glycine to alanine in position 136 of the fetal haemoglobin, which was somewhat raised in the Hb Lepore carriers, averaged 31:39. In addition an elliptocytosis gene was found, which was inherited independently from Hb Lepore; the simultaneous presence of elliptocytosis in three family members did not seem to aggravate the mild anaemia caused by Hb Lepore. PMID- 1121025 TI - Aglossia-adactylia syndrome. AB - Aglossia-adactylia is described in two male patients, aged 31 and 21 years old. Including a previous reported case (Nevin, Dodge, and Kernohan, 1970) there are three patients with this syndrome in Northern Ireland. The aetiology is unknown but in spite of the extreme variability of the clinical manifestation, a dominant mutant gene cannot be ruled out. PMID- 1121026 TI - Ultraviolet photoalteration of ion channels in voltage-clamped lobster giant axons. AB - An analysis of the ultraviolet light-induced changes in ionic conductances of lobster giant axon membranes has been carried out using the double sucrose gap voltage-clamp technique. The predominant effect of monochromatic light from a xenon arc source in the 255 to 305 nm region is an irreversible reduction in the magnitude of sodium conductance, without change in sodium channel activation or inactivation kinetics. A considerably smaller reduction in the magnitude of potassium conductance occurs, with some slowing of potassium channel activation kinetics. Leakage conductance is essentially not altered. The fall in sodium conductance follows an exponential time course toward a zero asymptote. The rate constant for conductance decrease was used as an assay for the wavelength dependence. The sodium conductance was maximally sensitive at 290 nm. It is suggested that individual sodium channels are closed upon absorption of single photons by aromatic amino acid residues in membrane proteins. PMID- 1121027 TI - The density of cholinergic receptors at the endplate postsynaptic membrane: ultrastructural studies in two mammalian species. AB - Electron-microscope autoradiography of diaphragm endplates of the American brown bat, labeled to saturation with tritiated alpha-bungarotoxin, has been used as a means to localize and quantitate the acetylcholine receptor there. Analysis of the grain distribution in these autoradiographs reveals that the receptor sites in this endplate are located on the postsynaptic membrane at an average density of 8,800/mu2. The sites are distributed asymmetrically along that membrane, being concentrated at the crests of the postjunctional folds--that portion nearest to the presynaptic membrane. The receptor site density at these regions of the postsynaptic membrane is estimated to be 20,000--25,000/mu2 of membrane surface. A comparison of these membrane site densities with those of endplates of red and white fibers of the mouse reveals a close similarity. On this basis, it is suggested that the receptor site density at the crests of the folds may be a characteristic feature of endplates of vertebrates. In contrast to the acetylcholine receptor sites, cholinesterase sites (determined autoradiographically in 3H-diisopropylfluorophosphate-labeled endplates) are largely distributed in a uniform manner over the postjunctional folds. The function of the secondary folds is, therefore, reassessed. Ultrastructural evidence available from other laboratories on the spatial characteristics of transmitter release and of postsynaptic dense particles is in accord with a model drawn for this molecular architecture at the vertebrate endplate. PMID- 1121028 TI - Cation permeability and ouabain-insensitive cation flux in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell. AB - The components of Na and K flux across the plasma membrane have been investigated in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell. At intracellular K levels of approximately 100 mM, unidirectional K influx is composed of a ouabain-sensitive component, a ouabain-insensitive, nondiffusional component and a diffusional component. Unidirectional K efflux is composed of an external K-dependent component and a diffusional component. Upon reduction of intracellular K to approximately 50 mM, the external K-dependent component becomes maximal and diminishes upon further reduction of intracellular K. Unidirectional Na efflux is composed of a ouabain sensitive component, a diffusional component and a saturable, external Na dependent, ouabain-insensitive component. Unidirectional Na influx may be accounted for by a diffusional component, based on estimates of membrane permeability to Na, membrane potential and Na distribution. This would suggest that the ouabain-insensitive, external Na-dependent Na efflux is not Na--Na exchange. The origin of the cell membrane potential has not been previously established in the Ehrlich ascites cell. From the diffusional components of Na and K flux determined in these experiments, the membrane permeabilities to Na and K have been estimated. These permeabilities, in conjunction with the Na and K distributions across the plasma membrane, predict a cell membrane potential of - 18mV (inside negative). Passive Cl distributions in these cells predict a cell membrane potential of - 21 mV, which is in agreement with previous microelectrode measurements and dibenzyldimethylammonium distributions. The results are therefore consistent with the conclusion that the magnitude and polarity of the cell membrane potential in the Ehrlich ascites cell is dictated primarily by Na and K. PMID- 1121029 TI - Electrophysiologic correlates of the inotropic effects of isoproterenol in canine myocardium. PMID- 1121030 TI - Subcellular distribution and incorporation of palmitate-U-14C into myocardial lipids: role of endogenous and exogenous catecholamines. PMID- 1121031 TI - Catecholamine stimulated myocardial adenylate cyclase: effects of phospholipase digestion and the role of membrane lipids. PMID- 1121032 TI - The effects of hypertrophy, hypobaric conditions and diet on myocardial ornithine decarboxylase activity. PMID- 1121033 TI - Letters to the editor: Are free fatty acids arrhythmogenic? Effects on cellular cardiac action potentials. PMID- 1121034 TI - Letter: Are free fatty acids arrhythmogenic? PMID- 1121035 TI - Structural and functional changes associated with failure and recovery of hearts after perfusion with Ca2+-free medium. PMID- 1121036 TI - Editorial: Tropical sprue in Africa. PMID- 1121037 TI - Some blood indices in three groups of Nigerians and in very severe but ambulatory cases of anaemia. AB - This study determined the haemoglobin concentrations, packed cell volumes and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations of healthy students and soldiers as well as "non-anaemic" outpatients. The same indices were also determined in small groups of moderately and severely anaemic but fully ambulatory outpatients. On the basis of the haemoglobin values most commonly observed in healthy male subjects it is suggested that the usual or "normal" haemoglobin concentration of a healthy male adult averages 14-7 gm. per cent; the packed cell volume averages 44 per cent and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration averages 32-6 per cent. It is further suggested that subjects with haemoglobin values less than 11 0 gm. per cent (75 per cent of normal average) should probably be sent for further haematological investigations because such persons are probably anaemic. This study also reports some startlingly low haemoglobin values in fully ambulatory outpatients. There tended to be a compensatory rise in pulse rates as the degree of severity of anaemia increased. PMID- 1121038 TI - Endemic tropical sprue in Africa. AB - Twenty-four patients have been found who appear to have endemic tropical sprue, with malabsorption on biochemical, radiological and histological grounds. Patients with the tropical sprue syndrome responded equally well clinically and biochemically to folate and tetracycline. Jejunal histology responded least well to treatment. It is suggested that as more Gastrointestinal Units are opened, especially in humid sea level areas in Africa, more cases of endemic tropical sprue will be found. PMID- 1121039 TI - A field survey on child health in a rural community in Egypt. AB - A field survey in a village was carried out to study child health in a rural area. The vaccination scheme was found to be inadequate and the value of health education is stressed. Parasitic infestation was found to be higher than urban areas but significantly lower than 1959 and the latter is attributed to a safer water supply. Growth and development lagged behing the whole national standards particularly during the 1 - 6 years age period. Health care for the pre-school age, taking advantage of co-operation from medical faculties and local health authorities, is recommended. PMID- 1121040 TI - Smallpox eradication-a reality? PMID- 1121041 TI - Attendance at a child health clinic in Malaysia. AB - One hundred and ninety-nine children brought by 181 adults to a child health clinic based in a rural health sub-centre in Peninsular Malaysia are studied. It is noted that the families from which they come are relatively poor, with a large number of children, and that they are fairly highly motivated. Forty-four per cent of children attending the clinic at the time of the study are symptomatic indicating the need to organise the child health clinic on a "preventive curative" basis. It is also noted that the young child is initially seen in early infancy but is lost to the clinic when he is older making it judicious to formulate immunization schedules that take this into account. PMID- 1121043 TI - Low-temperature biological denitrification of wastewater. PMID- 1121042 TI - Anaerobic filter treatment of pharmaceutical waste. PMID- 1121044 TI - Kinetics of mercury methylation in aerobic and anaerobic aquatic environments. PMID- 1121045 TI - Algae removal using dissolved air flotation. PMID- 1121046 TI - Microbiology of combined chemical-biological treatment. PMID- 1121047 TI - Land application of liquid municipal wastewater sludges. PMID- 1121048 TI - Anaerobic acidogenesis of wastewater sludge. PMID- 1121049 TI - Safe drinking water: a resolution for the U.S. PMID- 1121050 TI - Removal of wastewater organics by reverse osmosis. PMID- 1121051 TI - Physicochemical treatment of wastewater-seawater mixture by electrolysis. PMID- 1121052 TI - Water quality monitoring and aquatic organisms: the importance of species identification. PMID- 1121053 TI - Effect of particulates on virus survival in seawater. PMID- 1121054 TI - The mean circulatory pressure, reproducibility of its measurements and the effect of phenylephrine with a note on the effect of pentobarbital. AB - With 7 repeated measurements of the mean circulatory pressure (MCP) over a course of 35 minutes in one and the same dog, and also with paired measurements of MCP 10 minutes apart in 6 other dogs, the MCP was shown to be stable and reproducible in anesthetized, open-chest and vagus-intact dogs. Administered to 7 dogs with initial mean arterial blood pressure as low as 64 mmHg in dose of 20 mug/kg intravenously, phenylephrine nearly doubled the mean arterial blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and the MCP, indicating a marked vasoconstrictor effect on the resistance and capacitance blood vessels of the systemic circulation. The effect was transient and there were signs of tachyphylaxis. Influence of a cardiotoxic dose of pentobarbital on the peripheal circulation was discussed. PMID- 1121055 TI - The stroke volume in juvenile borderline hypertension. AB - Hemodynamic changes in supine and upright position and during exercise were studied in 144 men including 37 normal subjects and 107 patients with borderline hypertension. Borderline hypertensives were classified in 4 groups, according to the basal level of heart rate and stroke index. In the first two groups, stroke index was normal, but heart rate was either decreased (Group I) or elevated (Group II): supine total peripheral resistance was superior (Group I; p less than 0.02) or equal (Group II) to normal values; plasma volume was normal or slightly decreased; hemodynamic response to tilt test closely approximated the normal; impaired adaptation of cardiac index and stroke index to exercise was observed in Group II (p less than 0.001). In the other two groups, stroke index was significantly elevated (p less than 0.0001) but heart rate was either decreased (Group III) or increased (Group IV); supine total peripheral resistance values were decreased (p less than 0.001); plasma volume was equally reduced (p less than 0.001); abnormal percentile increase in diastolic arterial pressure (p less than 0.02; p less than 0.001) and total peripheral resistance during tilt test were observed; during exercise, only the patients of Group IV had an impaired adaptation of cardiac index (p less than 0.001) and total peripheral resistance (p less than 0.02). The study provide evidence that in boderline hypertension i) a high basal level of stroke volume is associated with a reduced plasma volume and an imparied adaptation of total peripheral resistance during tilt, ii) a high basal level of heart rate is associated with an impaired adapatation of cardiac output during exercise, and iii) only patients having an increase in both heart rate and stroke volume exhibited a specific hemodynamic pattern including: reduction of plasma volume, impaired adaptation of cardiac output during exercise, impaired adaptation of total peripheral resistance during tilt and exercise. PMID- 1121056 TI - Proceeding: Cardiovascular disease and immunity; introductory results. PMID- 1121057 TI - Regulatory factors on immunocytolysis of cardiac cells and mesenchymal cells. AB - The mode and degree of tissue specific immunocytolysis closely depend on the nature of cell-surface antigens and on the competition or balance of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The modification of cell surface membrane by neuraminidase-treatment induced the higher susceptibility to complement-dependent cytolysis, probably on account of exposure of cryptic sites or aggregation (clustering) of sites which may be tissue specific and/or histocompatibility antigen determinants. Under the existence of large amount of antisera, complement dependent cytolysis was dominant. On the contrary, under the situation of low dose anti-sera, normal adherent-cell-mediated cytolysis was more effective. This kind of cytolysis was inhibited easily by serum factor(s), which could be IgG, and block Fc receptor of adherent cells in competition with anti-Ig14. Although the role of serum-factor(s) is still unknown, it may act an important role in the process of establishment of autoimmune diseases. PMID- 1121058 TI - Immunological aspects of aortitis syndrome. AB - 1. Anti-aortic antibodies were frequently detected from the sera of patients with aortitis syndrome. 2. Aortic antigens were demonstrated to exist mainly in the media. The antigenicity was inactivated by collagenase, trypsin and pepsin, but not by DNase-I. Analyses of aortic antigens were also made by ultracentrifugation and column chromatography. 3. Experimental arteritis could be produced in animals by isologous active immunization and heterologous passive immunization. 4. From these results, participation of antigen-antibody reaction in the development of the disease has been speculated. Possible role of streptococcal infection as one of the trigger mechanisms in antibody production has been suggested in combination with evidence indicating hypersensitivity of the patients to infections. PMID- 1121060 TI - [Proceedings: Low serum DBH (dopamine-beta-hydroxylase) activity in pericarditis]. PMID- 1121059 TI - Anti-heart antibodies in patients with chronic cor pulmonale. AB - In patients with chronic cor pulmonale caused by pulmonary emphysema, circulating autoantibodies against the heart tissue were investigated by the HA and HI techniques using the myocardium as antigen. Quantitative analysis of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were carried out by use of the radial immunodiffusion method. These results were compared with clinical findings, especially cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and pulmonary function tests and with the prognosis. Circulating anti-heart antibodies were found in 15 of 29 (51.7 per cent) patients with chronic cor pulmonale. The titers of circulating anti-heart antibodies indicated a good correlation with pulmonary hypertension, hypoxia and respiratory impairment. Furthermore, a good correlation was noted between anti-heart antibody titers and the serum IgG level. Five of 15 (33.3 per cent) patients with positive results for anti-heart antibodies died, while one of 13 (7.7 per cent) with negative results died. In this investigation, circulating anti-lung antibodies were also searched in sera from patients with chronic cor pulmonale, but they showed no cross reaction with anti-heart antibodies, of which the specificity was found in the patients. These data could be utilized in evaluation and discussion of the pathophysiological findings of the patients with chronic cor pulmonale. PMID- 1121061 TI - [Proceedings: Prolonged retention of pericardial effusion with symptoms of sick sinus syndrome-- a case study]. PMID- 1121062 TI - [Proceedings: Rare case of ventricular parasystole-- (II)a case with post-ectopic contour alterations]. PMID- 1121063 TI - [Proceedings: Complex heart anomalies in a case with congenital heart disease]. PMID- 1121064 TI - [Proceedings: Case of left renal artery obstruction caused by an extensive dissecting aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 1121065 TI - [Proceedings: Family with primary myocardial disease]. PMID- 1121066 TI - [Proceedings: Intracardiac phonocardiography (11). Diagnosis of atrial septal defects (3)]. PMID- 1121067 TI - [Proceedings: Function of the right heart in hypertension--with special emphasis on radiographic observation of the pulmonary artery--2]. PMID- 1121068 TI - [Proceedings: Mitral valve diseases and lung scintiscan]. PMID- 1121069 TI - [Proceedings: Phonocardiographic follow-up after heart valve replacement with prosthesis]. PMID- 1121070 TI - [Proceedings: Pulmonary circulation in various heart diseases--with special emphasis on radiographic observation of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 1121071 TI - [Proceedings: Pulmonary valve insufficiency]. PMID- 1121072 TI - [Proceedings: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return: a case study]. PMID- 1121073 TI - [Proceedings: Total anomalous pulmonary/venous return in infants; with special emphasis on the supracardiac type]. PMID- 1121074 TI - [Proceedings: Surgical removal of the scar tissue formed by myocardial infarct in a patient with aortic valve insufficiency]. PMID- 1121075 TI - [Proceedings: Successful emergency open heart surgery in a case of myxoma of the left atrium]. PMID- 1121076 TI - [Proceedings: Surgical correction of the so-called congenital prolapse of the heart]. PMID- 1121077 TI - [Proceedings: Ventricular septal defects associated with aortic valve insufficiency-- 17 surgical cases]. PMID- 1121078 TI - [Proceedings: Follow-up over a year of heart valve replacement using Bjork Shiley prosthesis]. PMID- 1121079 TI - [Proceedings: Post-surgical complications of tetralogy of Fallot--a follow-up study]. PMID- 1121080 TI - [Proceedings: Problems with surgery of mitral valve stenosis---our experiences with 200 cases]. PMID- 1121081 TI - [Proceedings: Computer analysis of P loop]. PMID- 1121082 TI - [Proceedings: Bipolar esophageal lead]. PMID- 1121083 TI - [Proceedings: Body surface isopotential maps--correlation between vectorcardiographic and electrocardiography]. PMID- 1121084 TI - [Proceedings: Evalution of electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic lead systems using torso models of men, women, and children]. PMID- 1121085 TI - [Proceedings: Simulation of heart ventricle excitation sequence in WPW type electrocardiography]. PMID- 1121086 TI - [Proceedings: ST-T vector before and after the exerice test in patients with complete right bundle-branch block]. PMID- 1121087 TI - [Proceedings: Vectorcardiographic study of right bundle-branch block with left axis deviation]. PMID- 1121088 TI - [Proceedings: Vectorcardiography study of exercise test]. PMID- 1121089 TI - [Proceedings: Continuous recording of electrocardiography over an extended period]. PMID- 1121091 TI - [Proceedings: Clinical and statistical study of arrhythmia at our hospital]. PMID- 1121090 TI - [Proceedings: Anti-arrhythmic action of disopyramide]. PMID- 1121092 TI - [Proceedings: His bundle electrocardiography in ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 1121093 TI - [Proceedings: Myocardial adenyl cyclase (5). Effects of propranolol on the ventricular fibrillation threshold in acute myocardial ischemia and the myocardial adenyl cyclase system]. PMID- 1121094 TI - [Proceedings: Experimental study on surgical correction of acute myocardial infarct, with special emphasis on the effect of high pressure oxygen]. PMID- 1121095 TI - [Proceedings: Electrocardiographic observation of ischemic patterns in young people]. PMID- 1121096 TI - [Proceedings: Case of a variant type of angina pectoris with stenosis of the right coronary artery]. PMID- 1121097 TI - [Proceedings: Fibrinolysis in ischemic heart diseases (I)]. PMID- 1121098 TI - [Proceedings: P wave in electrocardiography and the pulse wave in ischemic heart diseases]. PMID- 1121099 TI - [Proceedings: Sequential changes of serum enzymes in intermediate coronary syndrome]. PMID- 1121100 TI - [Proceedings: Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity in the organs of spontaneously hypertensive rats]. PMID- 1121101 TI - [Proceedings: Biochemical and electrophysiological study of heart excitation abnormality]. PMID- 1121102 TI - [Proceedings: Experimental study on intra-atrial conduction of excitation from the ectopic origin]. PMID- 1121103 TI - [Proceedings: A long-term observation of hypertension by kinetocardiography]. PMID- 1121104 TI - [Proceedings: Evaluation of cardiac contraction--comparison between simultaneously recorded left ventricular pressure and aortic pressure curve]. PMID- 1121105 TI - [Proceedings: Heart function in hypertension--evaluation by kinetocardiography]. PMID- 1121106 TI - [Proceedings: Blood pressure determination by ultrasonics]. PMID- 1121108 TI - [Proceedings: Case of postpartum heart disease]. PMID- 1121107 TI - [Proceedings: Effects of calcium salts on hemodynamics]. PMID- 1121109 TI - [Proceedings: Complete atrial block in a young person]. PMID- 1121110 TI - [Proceedings: Determination of digitalis concentration by radioimmunoassay. (4). Hemodynamic changes after digitalis]. PMID- 1121111 TI - [Proceedings: Surgical case of atrial septal defect associated with minor axis volvulus of the stomach and relaxation of the left diaphragm]. PMID- 1121112 TI - [Proceedings: Case of heart atrial septal defect associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 1121113 TI - [Proceedings: 2 cases of atrial septal defects in the aged]. PMID- 1121114 TI - [Proceedings: Sinus venosus defect--recently observations on 2 cases]. PMID- 1121115 TI - [Proceedings: Case of ostium secundum type atrium septal defect with left axial deviation but without murmur]. PMID- 1121116 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of cold water on fingers before plethysmographic measurement in the users of vibrating tools]. PMID- 1121117 TI - [Proceedings: Exercise plethysmography in patients with ischemic heart diseases- the effect of propranolol]. PMID- 1121118 TI - [Proceedings: Plethysmographic changes caused by a rise in body temperature]. PMID- 1121119 TI - [Proceedings: Plethysmographic changes in induced hypothermia]. PMID- 1121120 TI - [Proceedings: Autopsy case of myocardial sarcoidosis]. PMID- 1121121 TI - [Proceedings: Autopsy case of asplenia associated with levocardia]. PMID- 1121122 TI - [Proceedings: Primary myocardial diseases. (1). Chronic pericardial effusion--an autopsy case]. PMID- 1121123 TI - [Proceedings: The heart and malignant neoplasms: an autopsy case of constrictive pericarditis caused by metastatic lung neoplasm]. PMID- 1121124 TI - [Proceedings: Primary myocardial diseases: an autopsy case with extensive, localized myocardial fibrosis]. PMID- 1121125 TI - [Proceedings: Case of persistent atrial standstill]. PMID- 1121126 TI - [Proceedings: Echocardiography of pericardial effusion in 3 cases]. PMID- 1121127 TI - [Proceedings: Home dialysis with DIFAK (dialysate free artificial kidney)--a case study]. PMID- 1121128 TI - [Proceedings: Phonocardiographic (examination of healthy subjects in a local community]. PMID- 1121129 TI - [Proceedings: Evaluation of results of the tests conducted for hypertenstive patients at an outpatient clinic (20). Changes of GTT values before and after long-term administration of antihypertensive drugs]. PMID- 1121130 TI - [Proceedings: Screening for heart diseases in a factory in Gifu]. PMID- 1121131 TI - [Proceedings: Simplication of simultaneously recorded multi-filter system phonocardiography for mass screening and automated diagnosis]. PMID- 1121132 TI - [Proceedings: Open heart surgery for infants under the age of 2. Simple hypothermia in heart surgery]. PMID- 1121133 TI - [Proceedings: Open heart surgery for infants under the age of 2]. PMID- 1121134 TI - [Proceedings: Open heart surgery for infants under 2 years of age with serious heart diseases]. PMID- 1121135 TI - [Proceedings: Open heart surgery for infants normal temperature using extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 1121136 TI - Proceedings: Clinical and laboratory study of arrhythmia treatment. (1). Effect of isoproterenol, dl-propranolol and d-propranolol on atrial conduction. PMID- 1121137 TI - [Proceedings: Transient cerebral ischemia and bradycardia]. PMID- 1121138 TI - [Proceedings: Analysis and treatment of arrhythmia by using artificial pacing and his bundle electrocardiography]. PMID- 1121139 TI - [Proceedings: Treatment of arrhythmia with pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 1121140 TI - [Proceedings: Some clinical problems in permanently installed pacemakers]. PMID- 1121141 TI - [Proceedings: Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome and pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 1121142 TI - [Proceedings: Electrocardiographic examination of demand pacing inaccuracy of the demand system]. PMID- 1121143 TI - Sympathetic nervous activity in renal and DOC hypertensive rats. AB - The sympathetic tone of the splanchnic nerve was quantified in renal and deoxycorticosterone (DOC) hypertensive rats under pentobarbital anesthesia by measuring equivalent stimulation frequency (ESF). ESF is the frequency of stimulus to the peripheral cut end of the nerve required to restore the preseverance level of arterial pressure. It is assumed to represent the average discharge rate of the nerve before severance. ESF was markedly increased in DOC hypertension 2 weeks after initiation of the DOC-salt treatment. It was relatively decreased after 10 weeks, but was still higher than in the controls. In renal hypertension (clipping of the left renal artery), ESF was decreased considerably 2 weeks and slightly 10 weeks after clipping. When the contralateral kidney had been removed simultaneously with clipping (clip plus uninephrectomy, ESF was not significantly changed. It is suggested that the sympathetic nervous system participates greatly in the pathogenesis of DOC hypertension but not of renal hypertension. PMID- 1121145 TI - [Problems of glaucoma cybernetics]. PMID- 1121144 TI - A case of a traumatic systemic-pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. AB - A case of systemic-pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is described. Chest trauma with multiple bone fractures 9 years prior to this admission was the suspected cause. Three years after the trauma, chest X-rays revealed abnormal vessels in the right lung. Eight years after the trauma, the patient developed congestive heart failure. This has been well controlled with digitalis and occasional diuretics. PMID- 1121146 TI - [Experimental studies on the effect of propranolol on the intraocular pressure in rabbits]. PMID- 1121147 TI - [Propranolol in the treatment of simple glaucoma. Preliminary communication]. PMID- 1121148 TI - [Effect of dehydration on recession of corneal edema following experimental endothelial lesion (histological and histochemical studies)]. PMID- 1121149 TI - [Differential diagnosis of papilledema by means of fluorescein angiography]. PMID- 1121150 TI - [Role of reticular system in the pathogenesis and therapy of squint]. PMID- 1121151 TI - [Use of cryotherapy in vitreous body opacities]. PMID- 1121152 TI - [Involvement of the visual system in trichinosis]. PMID- 1121153 TI - [Color vision in persons over 70]. PMID- 1121154 TI - [Acute eye injury in the course of chromic acid salt coating]. PMID- 1121155 TI - [Crouzon's disease (craniofacial dysostosis)]. PMID- 1121156 TI - [Marginal corneal degeneration of the Fuchs type]. PMID- 1121157 TI - [Rubeosis iridis]. PMID- 1121158 TI - Motorized exercise wheel for exposure of small animals to environmental pollutants. AB - For environmental inhalation studies a motorized exercise wheel was designed for small laboratory animals. Mice or hamsters were separated in individual enclosures, and each animal was required to perform the same exercise. The wheel was driven by a common barbecue spit motor, the speed of which may be varied by a standard variable transformer, from 1-6 revolutions per min. This unit can be adapted for a variety of laboratory applications. PMID- 1121159 TI - Pericutaneous phlebotomy and intravenous injection in the guinea pig. AB - Rapid and repetitious blood collections or intravenous injection were accomplished in the guinea pig via the lateral metatarsal vein. One person could perform the procedure by using an abdominal hold on the animal. There was no morbidity or mortality. PMID- 1121160 TI - Letter: Identification of substrains of mice from the University of Missouri Columbia, School of Medicine. PMID- 1121161 TI - Letter: Outbreak of gastric trichobezoars in New Zealand white rabbits. PMID- 1121162 TI - Lymphocyte cultures of Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. AB - Lymphocytes of Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis were cultured using a microculture technic. The use of RPMI-1640 with fetal calf serum as a culture medium and an extra dose of phytohemagglutinin produced excellent results. Staining of the chromosomes by the Gemsa banding technic did not reveal any differences between the karyotypes of the Macaca species. PMID- 1121163 TI - A normobaric hypoxia facility for preparing polycythemic mice for assay of erythropoietin. AB - A normobaric hypoxia chamber was designed in which large numbers of mice (up to 250) were made polycythemic, after which they were used in an erythropoietin assay. The hypoxic atmosphere was composed of air diluted with N2 gas generated from liquid N2. Continuous exposure of mice to 8% O2 for 11 da resulted in a polycythemia of sufficient magnitude and duration to provide appropriate erythropoietic conditions for the erythropoietin assay. The chamber, which has been in almost continuous operation for 3 yr, requires little attention and maintenance and has proved to be reliable, safe, and economical. PMID- 1121164 TI - The collared lemming (Dicrostonyx stevensoni Nelson) in biomedical research. AB - The collared lemming, Dicrostonyx stevensoni Nelson, possesses special characteristics which make it a useful animal model for the study of hypercholesteremia, atherosclerosis, breast cancer, kidney disease, and other biomedical research problems. Hematologic values for the lemming were similar to those for the laboratory white mouse except for smaller erythrocytes and fewer leukocytes. Organ weights, when compared as a percent of total body parts, differed only slightly from those of white mice. The basal metabolic rate, measured between 25-30 degrees C, was 40% higher than the standard metabolic rate for a mammal of similar size. Litter size at birth averaged 2.8 in captivity. The mean life span of 254 colony-reared lemmings dying from natural causes was 189 da. Growth rate was rapid during the first 2 mo of life, with moderate increases thereafter to an adult weight of approximately 70 g. Husbandry requirements included the use of shavings as litter and facial tissue as nesting material, all of which was changed weekly. Oats, wheat germ, rabbit pellets, carrots, and lettuse were offered as food. PMID- 1121165 TI - Impairment of metabolic capability in feral house mice by Klossiella muris invection. AB - Kidney infection by Klossiella muris in highland house mice from Peru was associated with lowered metabolic capability (57%) and endurance time (25%) at maximum metabolic rate. Administration of coccidiostatic preparations improved the metabolic capability from 7.8 to 10.5 cc 0-2 g hr and the endurance from 2.8 to longer than 10 min. Their colony-reared offspring, which were free from parasites, sustained maximum metabolic rates of 13.8 cc 0-2/g hr also for longer than 10 min. This rate was slightly higher than the values found in both healthy lowland controls: feral house mice from Arkansas and laboratory white mice [lab: HA(ICR)]. Although clinically inapparent under oridinary conditions, the effects of K muris infection were easily demonstrated at high metabolic loads stimulated by cold. Thus emphasizing the importance of such performance tests in assessing the status of experimental subjects. PMID- 1121167 TI - Fatal intussusception associated with intestinal coccidiosis (Eimeria perforans) in a rabbit. AB - Fatal intussusception was observed to be the proximate cause of death in a young (14 wk old) pet male New Zealand white rabbit. The intussusception was ileo ileal, and this region was shown to be extensively parasitized by Eimeria perforans. It was concluded that the intussusception was consequent to hyperperistalsis induced by the coccidial infection of the intestines. PMID- 1121166 TI - An epizootic of cerebral nematodiasis in rabbits due to Ascaris columnarus. AB - An epizootic of cerebral nematodiasis due to ascaris columnaris occurred in a commercial rabbitry, and 80 diseased rabbits died or were killed. The morbidity was high in groups of recently purchased rabbits and in the offspring of 12 breeder rabbits. The breeder rabbits which had been on the farm for more than a yr survived the outbreaks. Wild animals and birds had access to the facilities, but raccoons and skunks were never observed. A columnaris larvae were found on histopathologic examination. and live larvae were recovered from brains of 2 diseased rabbits. PMID- 1121168 TI - An improved technic for thyroidectomy in guinea pigs. AB - A technic for thyroidectomy in the guinea pig was presented. After anesthetizing the guinea pig with methoxyflurane, the thyroid was removed by electric cautery. The step-by-step procedure was described. Possible complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve damage and the stimulation of aberrant thyroid tissue were discussed. PMID- 1121169 TI - Localized nocardiosis due to Nocardia caviae in a baboon (Papio cynocephalus). AB - Nocardia caviae was identified as the causative agent of draining, multinodular swelling of the hand of a 16-yr-old female baboon (Papio cynocephalus). The baboon's general physical condition was poor and menstrual cycles had ceased. The baboon improved after systemic and topical antibiotic therapy, but the lesion recurred after antibiotic treatment was discontinued. Since excision of the mass, the baboon's physical condition has improved to the extent that regular menstrual cycles have resumed and she has been returned to the assigned investigative program. Radiographs of the lungs, hand, and arm failed to disclose evidence of dissemination of the infection. PMID- 1121170 TI - The distribution of selected sexual attitudes and behaviors among the adult population of the United States. PMID- 1121171 TI - The Coordinating Council on Medical Education: a progress report in the pursuit of acceptance of responsibility. PMID- 1121172 TI - Toward a common language. PMID- 1121174 TI - Quality control in the physician's laboratory. PMID- 1121173 TI - Hypertension in chronic renal failure. PMID- 1121175 TI - X-ray of the month. Radiolucent defect at radial tuberostiy--normal variant. PMID- 1121176 TI - Immunization. PMID- 1121177 TI - Primary care clinics. PMID- 1121178 TI - Another health care crisis. PMID- 1121179 TI - Orientation distribution of globular protein molecules in a two-dimensional lattice: II. Thermal effect. PMID- 1121180 TI - A model of kin selection not invoking coefficients of relationship. PMID- 1121181 TI - Analytical solutions to the initial-value problem for traveling bands of chemotactic bacteria. PMID- 1121182 TI - Thermodynamic coupling in chemical reactions. PMID- 1121183 TI - A model for estimating metabolic rate of active or resting mammals. PMID- 1121184 TI - The informon in classical conditioning. PMID- 1121185 TI - On the electronic structure and odours of esters of the isothiocyanic acid. PMID- 1121186 TI - Transitivity, pattern-reversal, engulfment and duality in exchange-type cell aggregation kinetics. PMID- 1121187 TI - A stochastic model of the remote recognition of preferred conformation in a drug receptor interaction. PMID- 1121188 TI - Adhesion and spreading of cells on charged surfaces. PMID- 1121189 TI - Local stability in metabolic networks with conserved moieties and steady state subnetworks. PMID- 1121190 TI - Simulation of differential effects on rates in membrane transport. PMID- 1121191 TI - Letter: A molecular explanation of the role of actin in acceleration of the myosin-catalysed ATP hydrolysis in vertebrate striated muscles. PMID- 1121192 TI - [Human meiotic chromosomes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121193 TI - [Spontaneous repeated early abortions and familial t(5; 9) (p11; q33) translocation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121194 TI - Task analysis in National Health Service Corps field stations: a methodological evaluation. AB - An occupational survey using a task inventory as survey instrument was conducted at four National Health Service Corps clinics providing primary ambulatory care. The prime objective of the study was to determine whether the methodology of task analysis could validly be applied to obtain data of potential value in improving personnel management in clinics. It is concluded that the taskinventory could generate such data. A first level analysis provides some interpretations of task interrelationships and role definition among clinic staff. In the clinics studied, no staff member's role was sufficiently well defined for efficient utilization of his capabilities. In particular, many tasks performed by the physicians and nurses could also be performed by less well-trained personnel. A number of steps are suggested for examining the task profiles of clinic staff and identifying areas of potential task redistribution. Also discussed are ways of improving the presentation of data obtained through task analysis to enhance the data's usefulness to local clinic management. PMID- 1121195 TI - Evaluating an information system for medical care evaluation studies. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate a computerized information system, the Professional Activity Study-Medical Audit Program (PAS-MAP), when used by the medical staff of a hospital to conduct medical care evaluation studies. PAS-MAP was compared to a manual system for collecting data not contained on the face sheets of medical records. The results indicated that, compared to the manual system, PAS-MAP: was less costly if more than 41 per cent of hospitalized patients were included in medical care evaluation studies; was as timely as the manual system for data it could provide but provided fewer clinical data elements than physicians requested; and was less protective against human error. Three decision makers assigned weights indicating the relative importance of these results. The weights were combined in an additive model to arrive at a score for each system. Based on these scores, the manual system was recommended for implementation. PMID- 1121196 TI - Antibiotic use and abuse among physicians in private practice in Shiraz, Iran. AB - From 120 practicing physicians in Shiraz, Iran, 40 were selected to identify their attitude toward the use of antibiotics. A young, healthy man who complained of mild fever and cold symptoms was referred to them and 37 of them prescribed inappropriate doses of antibiotics. It is assumed that the behavior of the physicians is based on pressure by the patient to receive more medicine, particularly antibiotics. PMID- 1121197 TI - A patient and family number assignment and chart filing system for family physicians. AB - The Department of Family Medicine and Practice at the University of Wisconsin Madison has devised and implemented an alpha-numeric system of identifying patient records together with a system of chart filing based on a variation of terminal digit filing. The system provides each patient with a unique identification number. This permanently assigned number is used as part of the medical record (chart) information, as the basis for assigning an account number, as the basis for determining the storage location of the chart in the record room, and as the basis for a family identification number. The number defines the patient's sex and position within the family, and its permanency ensures a capability for conducting both short- and long-term ambulatory care research in the family context. PMID- 1121198 TI - [Recruitment of scientist to faculties of medicine]. PMID- 1121199 TI - [Decentralization of neurosurgery and care of patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 1121200 TI - [Patients with acute brain injuries need equal access to therapy regardless of residence]. PMID- 1121201 TI - [We are unable to preserve a sober society]. PMID- 1121202 TI - [Venngarn--last link in a long alienation process]. PMID- 1121203 TI - [Seat belts and the physicians]. PMID- 1121204 TI - [Reserpine and breast neoplasms]. PMID- 1121205 TI - [Treatment of cerebrovascular disorders at central hospitals]. PMID- 1121206 TI - [Structural changes in a district in Gothenburg: 1968-1973]. PMID- 1121207 TI - [Serum alkaline phosphatase following fractures in geriatric hospitalized patients]. PMID- 1121208 TI - [Science, knowledge and education in psychiatry (II): scientific testing of psychodynamic therories]. PMID- 1121209 TI - [Give us patient-oriented regulations on prescription for orthopedic shoes]. PMID- 1121210 TI - [A case of chyloperitoneum]. PMID- 1121211 TI - [Should relatives be informed about a planned autopsy]. PMID- 1121213 TI - [Risks in physical training]. PMID- 1121212 TI - [Popular sports--a therapeutic alternative]. PMID- 1121214 TI - [Cardiovascular diseases and sudden myocardial death in connection with physical exercise and sport competitions]. PMID- 1121215 TI - [Follow-up examination of athletes with arrhythmia]. PMID- 1121216 TI - [Physical activity and the risk of heart infarct]. PMID- 1121217 TI - [Predictive value of the work test in men born in 1913]. PMID- 1121218 TI - [Attitudes to and cause of physical inactivity in middle aged men]. PMID- 1121219 TI - [Smoking, dyspnea and attitude to physical activity]. PMID- 1121220 TI - [Jogging by middle aged men]. PMID- 1121221 TI - [A physical training program for physically inactive middle aged men]. PMID- 1121222 TI - [Heart-lung function and blood lipids in middle aged cross-country runners]. PMID- 1121223 TI - The nature of the immunological interaction between the host and the tumor. PMID- 1121224 TI - Early diagnostic signs and symptoms of laryngeal disease. AB - A compilation of late and early symptoms of patients who ultimately were found to have laryngeal disease was carried out. Notation of even minor changes in the indirect laryngoscopic appearance of the same patients was made routinely. Correlation of symptoms with signs has made possible a better understanding of the natural history of certain laryngeal lesions such as contact ulcer, polyps, nodes, dysphonia plica ventricularis as well as some of the pareses, paralyses and fixations. Identical early symptoms and numerous signs have apparently been ignored in subsequently proven cases of cancer of the larynx. The expanded list of symptoms (33 in number) and the detailed list of signs (54 in number) may now assist the Otolaryngologist in earlier diagnosis. Although the reported findings are not specifically diagnostic of cancer of the larynx, they should draw earlier attention to the larynx as the etiological site of such symptoms. Earlier recognition of minor laryngeal changes, as detailed in the text, should lead to earlier biopsy and tissue diagnosis, earlier and more enlightened public awareness, and earlier and, therefore, more effective utilization of present day day modalities in the management of carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 1121225 TI - The enigma of post-radiation edema and recurrent or residual carcinoma of the larynx. AB - Persistence of significant edema of the larynx beyond six months after completion of radiotherapy presents the laryngologist with a diagnostic dilemma. Review of the results of 43 cases demonstrated a high incidence of residual or recurrent carcinoma. Based upon this experience earlier and frequent laryngeal biopsies are recommended for these cases. PMID- 1121226 TI - State of the patient after successful irradiation for laryngeal cancer. PMID- 1121227 TI - The conservative management of the Negro nose. AB - The difficulties in obtaining an adequate result in the Negroid nose have been elucidated by other authors. Paucity of lobular cartilage; the flat dorsum; short columella; wide flaring nares; and skin that tends to keloid formation have led many surgeons to attempt radical surgical techniques to obtain rather limited results. To circumvent the complications in the more radical procedures, a more conservative concept of an entirely intranasal operation without external skin incisions is outlined. This technique consists of tip rotation andlobular cartilage trimming; the use of a non-absorbable basal bunching suture, and the placement of a dorsal implant without performing osteotomies. A comparison with other techniques is made, as well as surgical aims, limitations and a discussion of results. Pertinent illustrations and photographs are presented. PMID- 1121228 TI - Description of a team approach to the rehabilitation of the laryngectomized speaker. AB - This article describes the multi-disciplinary approach to rehabilitation of the laryngectomee followed by the Michigan Cancer Foundation-Wayne State University Laryngectomee Clinic. The program serves a patient population in excess of 100 each year in a total rehabilitation paradigm. The rehabilitation effort centers around an intensive speech rehabilitation program encompassing as much as 10 hours of speech therapy per week. This effort is supplemented by a professional staff including a psychologist, social work staff, audiologist, public health nurse, vocational rehabilitation specialist, and atrained laryngectomized esophageal speech teacher. The contribution of each member of the team and the benefits of a unified approach are described. PMID- 1121229 TI - The Pickwickian syndrome with hypertrophy of tonsils: a re-appraisal. AB - Pronounced tonsilar hypertrophy was found in two obese patients suffering from hypersomnolence, periodic attacks of apnea and disturbing snoring at night. Both patients underwent tonsillectomy. Immediately after the operation the hypersomnolence disappeared, the breathing became normal, and the disturbing snoring at night ceased. Follow-up over a period of three years did not reveal any recurrence of these symptoms, even though the patients had not lost any weight during this period. PMID- 1121230 TI - Truamatic ophthalmoplegia: a complication of fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex. Review of etiology with report of an unusual case. AB - Ocular muscle imbalance is a common complication in fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex. Involvement can be direct; caused by entrapment of either the muscle or tendon in the fracture; or indirect, produced by central or peripheral damage to the cranial nerves supplying the muscles, massive orbital edema or hemorrhage. A case of complete paralysis of the extraocular muscles caused by a critical reduction of the size of the orbit as a result of fracture of the zygomaticomaxillary complex is described. PMID- 1121232 TI - Voice problems following limited surgical excision. AB - The published literature contains relatively few references to vocal rehabilitation for persons with partial laryngectomy. Articles on various types of surgery indicate that many individuals develop satisfactory voice following limited surgery, particularly supraglottic procedures. An informal questionnaire completed by 10 larngologists who had had substantial experience with sub-total laryngectomy revealed that an average of 25 percent of their patients with laryngeal cancer receive partial laryngectomy. Lesions limited to the epiglottis, supraglottic areas or one vocal cord are regularly treated by limited excision. Half of the questionnaires indicated that partial laryngectomy can be used for bilateral vocal cord lesions under certain circumstances. The questionnaire confirmed the published reports that most of the subsequent voices were satisfactory or good and many recover without special vocal retraining. Non reported employment of partial laryngectomy for sub-glottal cancer. Hemilaryngectomy and cordectomy frequently resulted in some impairment of voice. Speech therapy is often recommended when possible. Therapy applicable to voice following partial laryngectomy combines five emphases: 1. strengthening glottic closure and loudness of the voice; 2. improving the efficiency of breath expenditure; 3. increasing the articulatory skill and intelligibility of speech; 4. recognizing and compensating for hearing loss; and 5. aiding the patient to reduce detrimental environmental influences and to adjust to his environmental requirements. PMID- 1121231 TI - Voice following radiotherapy. AB - This study was undertaken to provide information on the voice of patients following radiotherapy for glottic cancer. Part I presents findings from questionnaires returned by 227 of 235 patients successfully irradiated for glottic cancer from 1960 through 1971. Part II presents preliminary findings on the speaking fundamental frequencies of 22 irradiated patients. Normal to near normal voice was reported by 83 percent of the 227 patients; however, 80 percent did indicate persisting vocal difficulties such as fatiguing of voice with much usage, inability to sing, reduced loudness, hoarse voice quality and inability to shout. Amount of talking during treatments appeared to affect length of time for voice to recover following treatments in those cases where it took from nine to 26 weeks; also, with increasing years since treatment, patients rated their voices more favorably. Smoking habits following treatments improved significantly with only 27 percent smoking heavily as compared with 65 percent prior to radiation therapy. No correlation was found between smoking (during or after treatments) and vocal ratings or between smoking and length of time for voice to recover. There was no relationship found between reported vocal ratings and stage of the disease. Data on mean speaking fundamental frequency seem to indicate a trend toward lower frequencies in irradiated patients as compared with normals. A trend was also noted in both irradidated and control groups for lower speaking fundamental frequencies in heavy smokers compared with non-smokers or previous smokers. These trends would indicate some vocal cord thickening or edema in irradiated patients and in heavy smokers. It is suggested that the study of irradiated patients' voices before, during and following treatments by means of audio, aerodynamic and acoustic instrumentation would yield additional information of diagnostic value on recovery of laryngeal function. It is also suggested that the voice pathologist could assist in evaluating and guiding patients in vocal usages during and following treatments. PMID- 1121233 TI - Functional evaluation after partial resection in patients with carcinoma of the larynx. AB - This paper presents the results of conservative operations on patients with laryngeal carcinoma in the ENT Department of the University Hospital "Dr. Mladen Stoianovic," Zagreb, Yugoslavia, during the last 20 years. The authors have evaluated the functional results after partial vertical and horizontal surgical interventions on the larynx and after the reconstruction of the larynx following these operations. Functional analysis of the voice was performed by stroboscopic, indirect microlaryngostroboscopic and sonagraphic examinations of the laryngeal function, as well as by the spirometric analysis of the respiratory potential of these patients, especially the degree of obstruction of the upper respiratory tract and changes on the cardiovascular system. Attention has been given likewise to the examination of the act of swallowing, especially after horizontal partial resections of the larynx. Radiography and radiocinematography was used for these examinations. Based on this research the authors have formulated new conceptions and opinions about the voice generator. PMID- 1121234 TI - Some scientific foundations for voice restoration. AB - Laryngeal cancer, though not high in incidence, may have a devastating effect on the affected individuals' total adjustment. Esophageal speech, while a desirable form of substitute speech, cannot be learned by all, thus requiring a re evaluation of the artificial larynx and consideration of such special operations as that of Dr. Ryoso Asai. The acoustical characteristics and deficiencies of all pseudo voices are stated and discussed. The female voice is generally identified as such. Methods for the prognosis of learning speech include a systemic questionnaire for pre-evaluation which was based on behavior patterns of the laryngectomee. PMID- 1121235 TI - Restoration of voice after laryngeal surgeries. AB - Some aspects of speech deficiency in Japanese-speaking patients who had undergone surgeries for laryngeal malignancy were studied. Surgical procedures included reconstructive surgeries after total laryngectomy and conservation surgeries. A series of listener-judgments and some acoustic analyses of speech were made. The recorded voices of the patients were more or less hoarse. The median speaking pitch varied greatly from patient to patient, and often assumed an unusual value. The average articulation score for five Japanese vowels was computed for each subject. The score varied from patient to patient, and was thought to be useful in quantitatively evaluating speech quality. It was shown that certain glottal consonants such as /h/ can be affected by laryngeal surgeries. It was emphasized that the larynx should be regarded not only as a generator or a vibrator, but also as an articulator which produces consonants. The listening tests also revealed that the intonation pattern of Japanese two-syllable nouns can be influenced by laryngeal surgeries, and that distinction among certain words may become impossible as a result. This type of speech problem may require serious consideration in some language environments. PMID- 1121236 TI - Fiber-optic video study of the post-laryngectomized voice. AB - Simultaneous video-fluoroscopy and fiber-optic video laryngoscopy was carried out on a series of eight laryngectomees. Previous concepts supported by an earlier report1 indicated that the folds of the rebuilt cricopharyngeal sphincter were seen to represent the primary source of sound vibration for voice production. Fold vibration was envisioned as an essential for sound production. Present findings present a challenge to the older concept. The fluoroscopic studies showed a considerable variation in the vertical thickness of the sphincteric area -from several millimeters to as many as 10 centimeters. Mucus bubbles in rapid motion were easily visible immediately above the narrowest portion of the reconstructed cervical esophagus. Ingestion of barium only enhanced the visualization of this bubbling. Vibration of a long vertical area of the thin anterior and thicker posterior esophageal walls well above and well below this point was regularly noted. Fiber-optic visualization failed to show actual fold vibration at any time. Momentary opening of the food tract during air injection or intake, immediately prior to the onset of phonation, was seen on many occasions. During phonation, routinely, the anticipated pseudoglottic opening was obscured by bubbles of mucus or barium. These findings suggest that the air, when accumulated below the narrowest spot in the hypopharyngeal-esophageal tract and when forced upward through a narrow opening, sets the accumulated mucus, not the mucous membrane, into vibration; further, that this vibration is of sufficient amplitude to transmit itself to both the anterior wall and the posterior wall of an extensive vertical portion of the neck. PMID- 1121237 TI - Total rehabilitation of laryngectomees. PMID- 1121238 TI - Artificial laryngeal devices in post-laryngectomy rehabilitation. PMID- 1121239 TI - Laryngeal microcirculation and pathways of cancer spread. AB - The microcirculation of the human larynx was studied in cleared anatomic specimens. The distribution of the endolaryngeal blood supply was constant enough to permit naming of the subdivisions of the superior and inferior laryngeal arteries. There was a remarkable correlation between arteriolar and capillary distribution and the laryngeal routes of cancer spread within the larynx. Compartmentalization of the larynx was not apparent. The paraglottic space was filled with blood vessels. PMID- 1121240 TI - The vascular supply of the cervical skin with reference to incision planning. AB - Wound breakdown, especially following preoperative radiotherapy, is a complication following neck surgery. The anatomy of the blood supply of the neck skin, which is an important factor in neck incision planning, was determined by silicone rubber injection studies. Some of the more common incisions interrupt the cervical blood supply, which descends from the facial and occipital arteries and ascends from the transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries, and this is discussed in relation to wound breakdown. PMID- 1121241 TI - Use of thermography to evaluate the optimum time for surgery after preoperative radiation. AB - At the University of Virginia Hospital, patients undergoing preoperative irradiation for carcinoma in the head and neck region are usually scheduled for surgery four to six weeks after completion of therapy. Since preoperative irradiation produces no significant difference in the operative difficulty or postoperative morbidity, it is assumed that the vascularity of the area has returned to the pre-treatemtn level. Thermography is being used to quantitatively gauge the amount of vascularity and thus, help predict the optimum time for surgery. Thermography is obtained at two-week intervals after a pre-treatment baseline and is carried out for eight weeks after completion of therapy. During therapy the vascularity as determined by thermography is noted to increase to a maximum at approximately three to four weeks or 3 to 4,000 rads. Following completion of treatment, the vascularity subsides gradually and returns to the pre-treatment level at four to six weeks after completion of therapy. PMID- 1121242 TI - The bifid uvula in ear, nose and throat practice. AB - Out of 2,000 consecutive ear, nose and throat patients, 44 were found with bifid uvulas. Five of the cleft uvulas were associated with submucous cleft palate, and eight were associated with short palates; however, dyslalia was evident in only one case. Compensation for the wide palato-pharyngeal space can occur by hyperplasia of the nasopharyngeal tonsil and hypertrophy and increased mobility of the pharyngeal constrictors and Passavant's ridge. On the other hand, otologic manifestations were complained of in 13 cases. The asymptomatic cases were examined under magnification and audiometrically and a further three cases were, then, diagnosed as secretory otitis media. Hypoplasia of the tensor palati is the probable explanation of otologic manifestations in bifid uvula. PMID- 1121244 TI - [Diagnosis of appendicitis and indication for surgery in general practice]. PMID- 1121243 TI - Allergic secretory otitis media: an approach to management. AB - An allergic etiology should always be suspected in those children having recurrent secretory otitis media. These children often have a seasonal recurrence of middle ear effusion, a history of allergic disease in infancy or early childhood, and a family history of allergy. An approach to allergic management is presented. Inhalants are tested by the serial dilution titration technique and treated at optimum dose levels. Several food tests are used to detect offending foods. They are used in progressive fashion which utilized each technique to best advantage. Fifty allergic children with recurrent secretory otitis media, despite conventional surgical therapy, were treated for inhalant and food allergy for one year. There was a significant reduction in the recurrence of secretory otitis media and need for myringotomy. PMID- 1121245 TI - [Change of panorams in the varicose symptom complex and phlebothrombosis]. PMID- 1121246 TI - [Evaluation of laboratory findings in general practice]. PMID- 1121247 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of acupuncture]. PMID- 1121248 TI - [New results in the field of hormonal contraceptives]. PMID- 1121249 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of epilepsy in childhood]. PMID- 1121250 TI - [Therapeutic problems in complicated epilepsies of adults]. PMID- 1121251 TI - [EEG in the diagnosis of seizures in childhood]. PMID- 1121252 TI - [EEG in the diagnosis of epilepsy in adults]. PMID- 1121253 TI - [Overweight as risk factor in heart infarct]. PMID- 1121254 TI - [Practice in narcotic addicts' world. Illusions--motivation--risks]. PMID- 1121255 TI - [Astonin H in the treatment of hypotonic circulatory disorders caused by psychopharmacologic drugs]. PMID- 1121256 TI - [Drug therapy in the rehabilitation of precocious geriatric complaints]. PMID- 1121257 TI - Procedures for assessment of cognitive, affective and psychomotor performance of junior clerks in a paediatric clinic,. PMID- 1121258 TI - [Tissue ischemia and microcirculation]. PMID- 1121259 TI - [Schedule for surgical interventions in newborn infants and young children]. PMID- 1121260 TI - [Practice in the narcotic world. Illusions--motivation--risks. (II)]. PMID- 1121261 TI - [Infectious complications following cardiac surgery in childhood]. PMID- 1121262 TI - [Gastroscopy and controlled gastrobiopsy in the operated stomach]. PMID- 1121263 TI - [Current status of epilepsy therapy in Germany]. PMID- 1121264 TI - [Differential diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures]. PMID- 1121265 TI - [Differential diagnosis of symptomatic and idiopathic epilepsies]. PMID- 1121266 TI - [Influence of weather on ulcer patients]. PMID- 1121267 TI - [Methods and evaluation of radiologic studies in the diagnosis of infertility]. PMID- 1121268 TI - [Normal ranges of alpha-HBDH, LDH, AP, and LAP as measured with substrate optimated test charges]. PMID- 1121269 TI - [Comparative determination of blood sugar using Dextrostix and reflectoric measurement]. PMID- 1121270 TI - [Alkaptonuric ochronosis]. PMID- 1121271 TI - [Rectal therapy with analgesics]. PMID- 1121272 TI - Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase from rat liver microsomes. EC 6.2.1.3 fatty acyl-CoA ligase (ATP). PMID- 1121273 TI - L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase from pig heart muscle. EC 1.1.1.35 L-3 hydroxyacyl-CoA: NAD oxidoreductase. PMID- 1121274 TI - 3-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolases of mammalian tissues. PMID- 1121275 TI - Bovine liver crotonase (enoyl coenzyme A hydratase). EC 4.2.1.17 L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydrolyase. PMID- 1121276 TI - Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase from chicken liver. PMID- 1121277 TI - Carboxylesterases from pig and ox liver. PMID- 1121278 TI - Carboxylesterases from chicken, sheep, and horse liver. PMID- 1121279 TI - Phospholipase D from peanut seeds. EC 3.1.4.4 phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase. PMID- 1121280 TI - Acetyl coenzyme A: long-chain base acetyltransferase from the microsomes of Hansenula ciferri. PMID- 1121281 TI - Desaturation of long-chain fatty acids by animal liver. PMID- 1121282 TI - Enzymatic determination of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA. PMID- 1121283 TI - Measurement of rates of lipogenesis with deuterated and tritiated water. PMID- 1121284 TI - Enzymatic determination of microquantities of acetate. PMID- 1121285 TI - Determination of acetate by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 1121286 TI - Measurement of malonyl coenzyme A. PMID- 1121287 TI - Microdetermination of stereoisomers of 2-hydroxy and 3-hydroxy fatty acids. PMID- 1121288 TI - Measurement of protein in lipid extracts. PMID- 1121289 TI - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of esters of perdeuterated fatty acids. PMID- 1121290 TI - Mass spectrometry of triglycerides. PMID- 1121291 TI - Fatty-acid synthase from rat liver. PMID- 1121292 TI - Fatty acid synthase from pigeon liver. PMID- 1121293 TI - The preparation of Tay-Sachs ganglioside specifically labeled in either the N acetylneuraminosyl or N-acetylgalactosaminyl portion of the molecule. PMID- 1121294 TI - Isolation of specific brain cells. PMID- 1121295 TI - Perifused fat cells. PMID- 1121296 TI - Fatty acid synthases from Mycobacterium phlei. PMID- 1121297 TI - Methylated polysaccharide activators of fatty acid synthase from Mycobacterium phlei. PMID- 1121298 TI - [Drug use leading to death (author's transl)]. AB - 23 cases are demonstrated, in which the connection between drug use and sudden death is to be accepted. The victims are only males and juveniles. It is demonstrated by the cases reported, that upon the sudden death of a juvenile increased consideration must also be given to a possible connection between death and drug use. First and foremost the drug used is susceptible of leading to death by way of an intoxication due to too large a dosage or owing to oversensitiveness. Far advanced putrefaction, the combined effects of several drugs including alcohol, the difficulty in furnishing chemical proof of the presence of hashish and LSD in body-fluids and organs can make it nearly impossible to clarify the cause of death. Only what has been related in respect of the manner of living and drug use by members of the family, mates and friends makes the connection between death and drug use appear quite likely. The indirect connection between drug use and the juvenile's death is to be accepted if it comes to the accident under the influence of drugs - be it under the impression of invulnerability or omnipotence or in a state of hallucinations. Depressions under the influence of drugs are also susceptible of resulting in real suicidal actions. In case of inexplicable accidents or entirely unexpected suicide drug effects must, therefore, nowadays be thought of. PMID- 1121299 TI - [Syndrome of Touraine, Solente and Gole: report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Report of two patients with pachydermia, clubbing of the fingers and hyperostosis. This clinical syndrome corresponds to the pachydermal periostosis. Etiologic factors, clinical and radiologic symptoms, differential diagnosis, histological alterations, prognosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 1121300 TI - [Surgical therapy of thyroid malignoma]. PMID- 1121301 TI - Breast carcinoma metastatic to the temporal bone. PMID- 1121302 TI - Management of metacarpal shaft fractures. PMID- 1121303 TI - Enteroviruses and the heart (with special emphasis on the probable role of coxsackieviruses, group B, types 1-5). I. Epidemiological and experimental studies. PMID- 1121304 TI - [The pycnodysostosis (author's transl)]. AB - Two own observations of pycnodysostosis initiated our description of this disease. Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait the syndrome is characterized by a medium degree generalized osteosclerosis, open craniial sutures and fontanels until adult lige, hypoplastic mandibles with deficiency of the angle, prominence of the forehead and occiput, hypoplasia of the paranasal sinuses, commonly observed dysproportionate dwarfism, acro-osteolysis and increased bone fragility. Contrary to osteopetrosis the prognosis is good. PMID- 1121305 TI - [Trichotillomania as a phenomenon of unexplained loss of hair in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - As a contribution to the differential diagnosis of ambiguoug "loss of hair" we forward a report on 24 children and 2 adolescents with trichotillomania. Patients with this pathological habit tear out hair from their own head -- sometimes eyelashes or eyebrows as well -- mostly in unobserved moments. Therefore the diagnosis is frequently delayed for months or even years. Most of these patients have normal intelligence are motorically overactive, and sensitive. They suffer from a lack of selfne assurance, and an inhibition to establish initial social contacts or to give expression to their aggressive tendencies. The manipulation of their own body serves as an outlet for the inner and outer strain resulting form the pressures of a permanent conflict-situation. The calming effect, combined with the apparently highly satisfying physical experience, induced repetition and the development of a fixed habit. In early childhood the factors contributing to the emotional strain are almost always found in a conflicting mother-child relationship, very often against the background of a general deficiency in family interaction. Moreover at school level the symptom occurs most frequently as a result of pressure on the child to achieve more. Trichotillomania has to be considered in children with focal or diffuse alopecia in areas of normal scalp, where almost no hair is lost by combing or gentle pulling. The trichogram gives specific results. Diagnosis must be based on a behaviour analysis and psychodiagnosis of the child. In addition, personal interactions within the family must be investigated. The first goal of therapy is the elimination of the emediate causes through counselling the parents. The improvement of the child's ability to communicate is essential. Depending on the age of the child the approach to the treatment of the social disturbances through psychotherapy or medical pedagogy should be combined with a symptom--centered treatment through behaviour therapeutical techniques with the aim of eliminating this fixed habit. PMID- 1121306 TI - [A further example of chromosome 18q-associated with IgA deficiency in serum and saliva (author's transl)]. AB - In a 3 1/2 years old boy with congenital malformations, statomotoric and mental retardation and immunological defects the chromosomal aberation 46,XY, 18q- was found. The result of the G-band analysis was 46,XY, del (18) (pter yields q11::q21 leads q ter) or 46,XY, del (18) (pter leads q21). The structural genes for the systems Gm, PGM-1 and HL-A presumably are not localized on the deleted chromosomal segment. PMID- 1121307 TI - [Minimal brain dysfunction and social class (author's transl)]. AB - The dependence of early occuring minimal brain dysfunction on the standard of living was tested. 1355 6-15 year old patients with psychosomatic and psychiatric disorders were examined and divided into the 3 groups: "no brain dysfunction", "suspected brain dysfunction" and "brain dysfunction" (diagnosed medically). A highly significant correlation between brain dysfunction and a low socio-economic status--evaluated in terms of living conditions and the fathers occupation--was found. A similar dependence of both, early mortality and morbidity on the living standard of different groups of the population is described in the literature. PMID- 1121308 TI - [Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease) (author's transl)]. AB - The characteristic neuropathological features of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh), their histology and distribution are described. Clinical findings are unspecific. Impairment of feeding. vomitus, respiratory abnormality, retardation of psychomotor development, familial incidence and onset in early childhood are prominent symptoms. Atactic and athetoid movements, optic atrophy, oculomotor abnormalities are observed in most cases. An enzyme inhibitor excreted in the urine seems to be related to an inborn error of thiamine dependent metabolism in brain tissue. Treatment with thiamine derivatives may have a beneficial effect on the clinical course. PMID- 1121309 TI - [Ollier's disease in a dizygotic twin (author's transl)]. AB - Bone alterations in Ollier's disease are mainly unilateral. The etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown. Hereditary factors probably do not play any rolle in this disease. The authors discribe Ollier's disease in a maly dizygotic twin. Investigations of the family members do not discover any hereditary factors. PMID- 1121310 TI - The effect of higher structures of macromolecules on the genetic consequences of the action of mutagens. AB - An explanation of some discrepancies between the known chemical data and the genetic consequences of chemical mutagenesis is proposed, based on the functional role of the higher structure of macromolecules. In a single-stranded DNA- or RNA- containing genome, some primary (induced) point mutations, even if not manifested phenotypically, can result in local disturbances of the double-helical regions. Secondary (spontaneous) mutations at the complementary site of a polynucleotide can restore the higher structure. If a certain higher structure is more significant as a selection factor than the base substitution, the secondary, phenotypically detectable, mutants can accumulate during reproduction of a mutangenized phage. The higher structure of some nucleoprotein complexes and proteins could also serve as a selection factor causing accumulation of secondary mutants. PMID- 1121311 TI - Chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes after irradiation with 15.0-MeV neutrons in vitro. I. Dose-response relation and RBE. AB - Human peripheral lymphocytes were irradiated with different doses of 15.0-MeV neutrons. The frequency of different aberration types was determined and the dose response relation was calculated. The data were fitted by least-squares regression analysis to different models. The dicentric, dicentric plus centric ring, and different acentric data gave the best fit to the linear quadratic model. The RBE of 15.0-MeV neutrons versus 220 kV X-rays decreased significantly with increasing dose. PMID- 1121312 TI - Chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes after irradiation with 15.0-MeV neutrons in vitro. II. Analysis of the number of absorption events and the interaction distance in the formation of dicentric chromosomes. AB - The rejoining distance for the formation of dicentric chromosomes in human lymphocytes after irradiation with 15.0-MeV neutrons has been derived on the basis of microdosimetric concepts. For the formation of a dicentric chromosome, primary lesions produced by absorption events can interact within the nucleus over a distance of at least I.8 mum. The mean number of absorption events within this range is lower than for sparsely ionizing radiation. The intercellular distribution of dicentric chromosomes is consistent with a negative binomial distribution. PMID- 1121313 TI - Recovery of high frequency of dikaryotic cells following ultraviolet irradiation of dikaryons of Schizophyllum commune. PMID- 1121314 TI - The effect of calf serum on the toxicity of 8-azaguanine. PMID- 1121315 TI - Combined effects of heat and radiation on the frequency of eye colour mutations and malformations in Dahlbominus. PMID- 1121316 TI - Effects of p-fluorophenylalanine on the induction of mutations in bacteriophage T4. II. Nitrous acid mutagenesis. AB - The effects of rho-fluorophenyalanine (PFPA), an analogue of phenylalanine (PHE), on the potency and the specificity of nitrous acid (NA) mutagenesis in the gamma system of bacteriophage T4 were measured. (a) Forward mutation. THE frequencies of NA-induced gamma mutants were approximately doubled when mutagenized phage infected E. coli B in the presence of the analogue compared to controls where PHE was substituted for PFPA, or where no amino acid was added. The spontaneous forward mutation frequency was not affected by the analogue, nor was the specificity of the NA mutagenesis. (b) Reverse mutation. The frequency of spontaneous and NA-induced reversion of an gammaII transition mutant was unaffected by PFPA if the phage were plated direct on the restrictive growth in the presence of PFPA the induced reversion frequency was increased about 3-fold compared to the control. PMID- 1121317 TI - Safety packaging for iron containing preparations. PMID- 1121318 TI - Pesticide Episode Review System. PMID- 1121319 TI - CHEMTREC and PSTN. PMID- 1121320 TI - Adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue and their relation to adrenergic innervation. PMID- 1121321 TI - Elimination of mycoplasmas from cell cultures with sodium polyanethol sulphonate. PMID- 1121322 TI - Immunological and bacteriological basis for vaccination against dental caries in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 1121323 TI - Photopigment conversions expressed in receptor potential and membrane resistance of blowfly visual sense cells. PMID- 1121324 TI - Axonal wiring and polarisation sensitivity in eye of the rock lobster. PMID- 1121325 TI - Membrane proteins related to water transport in human erythrocytes. PMID- 1121326 TI - Abnormalities in membrane microviscosity and ion transport in genetic muscular dystrophy. PMID- 1121327 TI - Association of actin and myosin with secretory granule membranes. PMID- 1121328 TI - Thiamine increases the specific activity of human liver branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase. PMID- 1121329 TI - Enhancement of interferon production by poly(rI)-poly(rC) in mouse cell cultures by ascorbic acid. PMID- 1121330 TI - Development of an attenuated strain for Japanese encephalitis live virus vaccine for porcine use. AB - To develop Japanese encephalitis live virus vaccine for the prevention of stillbirth in swine, an attempt was made to produce an attenuated virus. Primary bovine kidney cell culture was used to carry out serial passages of a field strain at 30 degrees C for a long time. During these passages cloning was repeated with the character of reproductive capacity at given temperature (rct) and plaque sizes as markers. As a result, an attenuated S- strain was produced successfully. It was rct/37- and rct/40- and formed small-sized plaques. In this strain a marked attenuation was seen in peripheral infectivity to suckling mice and in intracerebral infectivity to adult mice. When inoculated with this strain, newborn piglets manifested no abnormal clinical signs or pathological changes of the brain tissue at all. A minute amount of virus was rarely recovered from some lymph nodes and blood. Little virus was recovered from various organs. No viremia was detected from any piglet more than one month of age inoculated with recovered virus. No infection of the placenta or fetus was recognized in any pregnant sow inoculated with recovered virus. Inoculated sows gave birth to normal young. Furthermore, when mosquitoes of Culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus were allowed to suck infected blood by the membrane feeding technique, the virus recovered from them showed an infectivity more reduced than the field strain. From these results, it was presumed that the S- strain might be safe enough to be used as live virus vaccine for swine. PMID- 1121331 TI - Histopathological changes of the brain in swine fetuses naturally infected with procine parvovirus. AB - During a period from 1971 to 1972, some cases of stillbirth and abortion associated with porcine parvovirus infection were recognized in swine herds in Japan. The brain was examined histopathologically in five stillborn piglets and four dead fetuses from which the parvoviruses had been isolated. Similar histological changes were observed in all the piglets and fetuses, except one piglet which was free from recognizable lesions. The brain lesions were considered to belong to the category of meningoencephalitis consisting of perivascular cuffing of proliferating adventitial cells and a few plasma cells. They were localized in the cerebral gray and white matter and leptomeninges, but not in the cerebellum. These histological lesions were thought to be pathognomonic to porcine parvovirus infection. The difference in brain lesions between porcine parvovirus infection and Japanese encephalitis virus infection was discussed. PMID- 1121332 TI - Effects of diethylstilbestrol and testosterone propionate implanted in the hypothalamus on spermatogenesis in rats. AB - Small quantities of diethylstilbestrol and testosterone proprionate were implanted into the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of male rats of the Wistar Imamichi strain at 43 days of age. The animals were sacrificed at 64 or 76 days of age. Diethylstilbestrol suppressed the development of all genital organs and disturbed spermatogenesis. The damage was found to have recovered slightly in rats sacrificed at 76 days of age. Testosterone propionate was also effective for the atrophy of some genital organs. Its influence was not so severe as that of diethylstilbestrol. It extinguished almost completely 33 days after implantation. On the contrary, the numbers of spermatogonia and spermatocytes per cross section of the seminiferous tubule were smaller at 76 days than at 64 days of age. The diameter of the seminiferous tubule in the rat implanted with testosterone propionate was longer at 76 days than at 64 days of age. Therefore, the tubular diameter did not always represent the quantity or quality of spermatogenesis. The results also suggested that spermatogenesis might have been disturbed in some of the rats in which androgen was considered to be secreted almost normally. PMID- 1121333 TI - Changes of adrenal hormones in goats with experimentally induced arthritis. AB - An experiment was carried out to clarify the mechanism of occurrence of arthritis in goats. In it changes of the adrenal hormones in blood and urine were examined in goats with experimentally induced arthritis. Four groups of goats were used. A goat of group B was inoculated with anaerobic Corynebacterium organisms isolated from a joint of a field case. Group H was treated with hormones (deoxycorticosterone acetate and adrenalin). Group BH was inoculated with those organisms and treated with these hormones. The other group served as an untreated control. Arthirits was induced to three of the four goats of group BH. The blood level of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids and the urine level of 17 hydroxycorticosteroids were higher in group BH than in any other group at the time of appearance of clinical signs. The hypofunction of the adrenal cortex was seen in two of three goats with induced arthritis. Serotonin increased transitorily in group BH around the time of appearance of clinical signs, but there was finally no difference in its level among goats with or without induced arthritis. There was no definite tendency in the fluctuation of level of adrenalin or noadrenalin. PMID- 1121334 TI - Congenital abnormality of calves with arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in Japan in 1972-1973. PMID- 1121335 TI - [Letter: Discussion comment on the work by H. Kruger "Education of specialists in psychiatry" (this J. 45, 422-427 (1974))]. PMID- 1121336 TI - [Letter: Comment on the reply by Dr. Fritz Hengge to my article "Education of specialists in psychiatry" (this J. 45, 422-427 (1974))]. PMID- 1121337 TI - [Schizophrenia and brain tumor. Case contribution to differential diagnosis]. PMID- 1121338 TI - [Ulnar paresis in syringomyelia]. PMID- 1121339 TI - [Mental problems and mental vulnerability in university students]. PMID- 1121340 TI - [Differentiation of psychiatric diagnoses]. PMID- 1121341 TI - [Case reports on the problem of inaccuracy in the exterior psychiatric anamnesis]. PMID- 1121342 TI - [Intensive care in neurology]. PMID- 1121343 TI - [Unilateral and alternating internal ophthalmoplegia in alternating hemicrania]. PMID- 1121345 TI - [Angiographic patterns erroneously suggesting aneurysm of the anterior part of circulus arteriosus]. AB - In the light of a material including 600 cerebral angiographies the authors analyse the incidence of diagnostic difficulties in cases of pseudoaneurysms of the brain resulting from superposition of vascular loops and kinks in the anterior portion of the circulus arteriosus. Methods of prevention of diagnostic errors by additional head positions during angiography are discussed. PMID- 1121344 TI - [Serum enzymatic activity in neuromuscular diseases]. AB - In 200 patients with neuromuscular diseases the author studied malonic dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase activity comparing it with the activity of serum creatine kinase and aldolase. A significant rise in the values of all these enzymes was found only in the Duchenne type of muscular dystrophy, in polymyositis, and less frequently in the limb-girdle type of muscular dystrophy. Raised activity of creatine kinase and sidolase was observed in mothers and sisters of patients with Duchenne type of dystrophy, in patients with non progressive myopathy, periodic paralysis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and polyneuropathy. With progression of dystrophy the activity of these enzymes decreases. PMID- 1121346 TI - [Favorable result of carbamazepine treatment of compulsive drinking]. AB - A case of refractory compulsive drinking in a 37-year-old female is reported. Administration of carbamazepine in doses of 2 tablets daily resulted in disappearance of excessive thirst and polyuria. PMID- 1121347 TI - [Case of postpregnancy diencephalosis with manifestations of psudotumor cerebri]. AB - The authors report a female patient with postpregnancy diencephalosis in whom in close correlation with premenstrual tension syndrome acute cerebral oedema developed repeatedly with signs of tentorial herniation. Owing to treatment with substitutive cyclopeptide hormones stimulating secondarily the failing hypophysis complete disappearance of these signs was obtained. PMID- 1121348 TI - [Rare case of left vertebral artery agenesia in man]. AB - At the post-mortem examination of 74 years old male subject it was found that his left vertebral artery was missing. A circle of Willis was formed by two carotid internal arteries and the right vertebral artery. Both cerebellar inferior posterior arteries as well as posterior spinal arteries were also missing. The vessels network of the medulla oblongata and medulla spinalis was composed of multiple cervical ramifications of the right vertebral artery. The latter one passed into the basal cerebral artery and divided in its distal segment into two posterior cerebral arteries. The other arteries of the circle of Willis were normal. There was no history of any CNS disturbances in the patient during his life. PMID- 1121349 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome in a 4-year-old girl with numerous developmental anomalies]. AB - The authors report carpal tunnel syndrome in a 4-year-old girl with multiple developmental anomalies particularly of the cervical spine. The diagnosis was difficult to establish on the basis of muscle atrophy alone since lesions of cervical nerve roots coexisted. PMID- 1121350 TI - [Effect of trihexphenidyl on the excitability of alpha motor neurons of the foot plantar flexor in chemically induced parkinsoniam rigidity]. AB - For assessment of the effect of trihexiphenidil on the excitability state of the alpha-motoneurons of the plantar flexor of the foot in patients with drug-induced parkinsonian rigidity curves of the excitability of motoneurons of the soleus muscle were plotted in two variants of experiments: I. with afferent stimulation of the Ia fibres of the soleus muscle as the conditioning and testing stimulus (tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa), II. with afferent stimulation of Ia fibres of the anterior tibial muscle (peroneal nerve behind the fibular capitulum) used as the conditioning stimulus and stimulation of the tibial nerve as the testing stimulus. These investigations were carried out on 12 psychiatric patients who received no drugs at the time of these investigations (control group), 13 similar patients treated with chlorpromazine, 12 treated with phenothiazine compounds with piperazine ring in the side chain. The investigations were repeated 30-50 min. after oral administration of trihexiphenidil 5 mg. In variant I typical excitability curves were obtained and 5 phases could be discerned in them. In patients treated with piperazine-containing phenothiazine derivatives inducting more significant parkinsonian effects phase III - depression - was significantly shortened, and the excitability was raised in phase IV. In variant II phases III and IV were reversed and in phase IV a rise in excitability was observed in place of depression. In variant II in the group of drug-induced parkinsonism as compared with controls the rise in exictability was greater in phase III and depression in phase IV was smaller. The effect of trihexiphenidil in variant I depended on the initial state. In controls and in patients treated with chlorpromazine trihexiphenidil reduced the duration of phase III of depression and decreased its intensity. In atients treated with phenothiazines containing the piperazine ring depression in phase III was weak but increased after trihexiphenidil administration and increased excitability in phase IV was decreased. The curves became similar to those obtained in controls. In variant II in the control group excitability in phase III increased after trihexiphenidil administration. PMID- 1121351 TI - [Excitability curve of alpha motor neurons of the foot dorsal flexor in chemically induced parkinsonian rigidity prior to and following ethylbenzatropine administration]. AB - For evaluation of the state of excitability of motoneurons in the dorsal flexor of the foot in patients with drug-induced muscle rigidity curves of excitability of motoneurons in the anterior tibial muscle were plotted in 10 patients not receiving psychotropic agents (controls) and 10 patients treated with chlorpromazine. Two variants of experiment wase used: in the 1st variant stimulation of the peroneal nerve behind the fibular capitulum served as the conditioning and testing stimulus, in the 2nd variant stimulation of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa was the conditioning stimulus and stimulation of the peroneal nerve in the above way was the testing stimulus. The investigations were carried out before and 30-50 min after intramuscular injection of ethylbenzatropine 5 mg. In the 1st variant the curve of excitability of the motoneurons of the anterior tibial muscle showed the same configuration as the curve of excitability of motoneurons of the soleus muscle in the control group as well as in the treated group. Similarly as in the excitability curve of the soleus muscle five phases could be differentiated in it. Phase III of depression was, however, deeper and phase IV of returning excitability was more evident. In variant II in phase III depression was observed lasting only 40 msec., then in place of return of excitability its decrease was observed. These results were similar to these obtained in the case of conditioning stimulation of afferent fibres of the anterior tibialis muscle, and testing stimulation of the afferent fibres of the soleus muscle. After ethylbenzatropine injection no changes were found in variant I, on the other hand, in variant II a rise of excitability was present in phase III in the control group and in phases III and IV in treated patients. Ethylbenzatropine seemed, thus, to have no effect on the excitability of motoneurons in the dorsal flexor of the foot in the case of conditioning afferent stimulation of the dorsae flexor of the foot. PMID- 1121352 TI - [Electromyographic studies of plantar-mental reflex]. AB - The authors investigated the electromyographic response to mechanical stimulation of the palmar skin (palmo-mental reflex) and plantar skin (planto-mental reflex) in the mentalis muscle. The palmo-mental reflex was present in EMG in all 22 healthy subjects an in 51 cases of 51 cases of limited cerebral lesions. The planto-mental reflex was absent in healthy subjects, but it was found in 14 out of 31 cases of focal brain injury and in 2 out of 20 cases with diffuse lesions. The planto-mental reflex is a pathological reflex appearing mainly in severe focal cerebral lesions. No description of this reflex was found in the available literature. PMID- 1121353 TI - [Neuromuscular excitability and conduction in cases of hypoparathyroidism]. AB - The patients with hypoparathyroidism were studied carrying out: a) tetanic test (PT) for assessment of the degree of neuromuscular excitability and b) double stimulus test (PBP) for assessment of the efficiency of neuromuscular conduction. In six patients low values of calcium, high values of phosphorus and normal values of magnesium were found. In the remaining patients calcium level was decreased also but the phosphorus level was normal, while that of magnesium was low. In all patients the PT was normal while the PBP showed in the first group reduced efficiency of conduction and in the remaining cases increased neuromuscular conductivility. The possible interpretation of obtained results is discussed. PMID- 1121354 TI - [Further studies of the state of knowledge and attitudes of the rural population toward epilepsy]. AB - Inquiry investigations were carried out covering 657 individuals from two counties: Plock and Nowy Targ. The inquiry contained 21 questions concerning the knowledge of epilepsy and the attitudes of those questioned to epileptics. The responses were correlated with the sex, age, educational level and occupation of the questioned. Statistical significance was assessed at the confidence level 0.05. The fear of epilepsy was in the 5th place after neoplasms, tuberculosis, cardiac diseases and mental diseases. As the most shameful diseases were regarded venereal diseases, tuberculosis and epilepsy ex aequo with mental diseases. About 1/3 of the respondents answered that epilepsy is a hereditary disease; nearly half of them considered that epileptics may marry and have children. 60% of those questioned regard that they would let their children play with epileptic children, they were usually respondents with medium and higher educational level and representatives of non-agricultural workers. Most respondents stressed the significance of sudden fright in the aetiology of epilepsy and thought that observation of an epileptic seizure may cause epilepsy; the observing subject, especially a child, may be frightened. About 50% of respondents knew nothing of the causes of epilepsy. Over 1/3 of respondents regarded that epileptic children can attend normal schools. Nearly 60% of respondents regard that epileptics can work in certain occupations. The latter view is expressed by younger people below 40 years with high school and college education and representatives of non agricultural occupations. PMID- 1121355 TI - [Epidemiology of epilepsy in school children at Pruszkow and Ursus]. AB - The purpose of the study was calculation of the prevalence rate of epilepsy in school-children (7-15 years) in Pruskow and Ursus on the basis of cases recorded in specialistic medical sources and determination and description of elementary clinical and social features in the studied group of children. The calculated prevalence rate of epilepsy in the studied population is 6.73/1000. It is higher in boys (7.45) than girls (5.96) and higher in older children - above 10 years (7.52) than in younger children (5.81). Approximate evaluation of the number of epileptic children at school-age on the basis of this rate shows that in the year 1970 there were about 34000 epileptic children registered in medical institutions in Poland. The analysis of all clinical and social data and certain differences in comparison with data in the literature may show that in childhood epilepsy recorded groups of children are formed by the process of selection. Of a significant role in the formation of these groups may be clinical as well as non clinical factors. It may be expected, thus, that the actual prevalence rate of epilepsy in children population is higher than that calculated from registered cases. PMID- 1121356 TI - [Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH) in the serum of patients with progressive muscular dystrophy]. AB - Using agar-gel electrophoresis a highly statistically significant decrease in the fractions LDH-4 and LDH-5 and a rise in the LDH-1 and LDH-2 fractions were demonstrated in the serum of patients with dystrophy. Analogous shifts in LDH isoenzyme pattern were found in the serum of 80% of mothers confirmed carriers of the dystrophy gene. PMID- 1121358 TI - [Effect of low-molecular dextran on leukergy and thrombergy in cases of cerebral infarct]. AB - In cases of thrombotic cerebral infarction the leucergic and thrombergic tests were done on the 2nd and 3d days of the disease and after 48 hours from the first dextran loading. Fleck's test tube method was used in the leucergy test. The proportion of agglutinated platelets was calculated from a smear stained by Papanicolau method. The results were processed statistically. An inhibitory effect of dextran on aggregation of white blood cells and platelets was observed in the blood of patients with cerebral infarction. The inhibitory effects of dextran was greater in relation to aggregation of platelets than white blood cells. However, in our investigations the effect of this agent on both processes was transient. PMID- 1121357 TI - [Morphological studies of the brain in rats receiving meta bromophenylsuccinimide]. AB - Morphological evaluation of changes in the brain of rats receiving orally metabromophenylsuccinimid (4-m) - original Polish antiepileptic drug - 1/20 of DL50 per day during a period of one month, has been performed. The dose of the preparation per one kg of the body weight was approximately nine times higher than the therapeutic dose applied at present in human. Neuropathologic changes were found only occasionally; they were not specific, degenerative in character. Both parenchymal and mesenchymal components of the nervous tissue were involved. In neurones the lesions characteristic of chronic disease could be seen; they were more conspiecuous in the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres and in the cerebellum. The damage of the neurones was accompanied by a marked glial cells reaction, progressive in character. Morphological changes of the vessels with consecutive oedema of the white matter were limited to endothelium. Sporadic and not extensive character of the changes as well as their mild intensity seem to provide an evidence that the neurotoxic effect of the tested preparation m-4 is relatively small. PMID- 1121359 TI - [Epidemiology and medico-social problems of epilepsy in a large city population]. PMID- 1121360 TI - The effect of testosterone and other adrenal steroids on PMS-induced ovulation in the immature rat. AB - 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (up to 200 mug/day) and 11 beta hydroxyandrostenedione (up to 500 mug) had no effect on PMS-induced ovulation in intact immature rats. 10 mug/day of testosterone propoinate (TP) on days 28-30 of life decreased the percent of animals ovulating and the number of ova produced; this effect persisted in adrenalectomized animals with or without corticosterone replacement. Three daily doses of 10 mug TP increased the electrical threshold of the medial preoptic area in pentobarbital-blocked, PMS-stimulated animals. And TP decreased the rate of release and synthesis of FSH during the ovulatory surge, and the storage and rate of release of LH; it also inhibited the response to HCG in the PMS-primed animal, suggesting a direct target-organ effect. PMID- 1121361 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for adrenergic innervation of the interstitial gland in the guinea pig ovary. AB - Fluorescence microscopy has shown that the guinea pig ovary contains not only vasomotor adrenergic nerves but also many nerve terminals running within endocrine structures. Electron microscopy of the interstitial gland confirmed the presence of adrenergic nerves distinguished by administration of the false transmitter, 5-hydroxydropamine. Axon varicosities, denuded of their Schwann cell ensheathing, innervated the endocrine cells in the interstitial gland, with a synaptic distance of approximately 400 A. This suggests that the interstitial gland participates in a neuroendocrine transducer mechanism. PMID- 1121363 TI - [Hypoxia of high altitudes as a theoretical method of treatment of angina pectoris. Influence on cardiac metabolism]. AB - The stages of myocardial metabolism under normal conditions and in hypoxia are examined. Reference is made to changes in heart metabolism induced in the experimental animal by hypoxia and to the results of a study of such metabolism in persons living permanently at high altitudes (Moret et al.). Hypoxia in decompression chambers is proposed as a hypothetical means of treating angina, since it is capable of causing changes in myocardial metabolism. Note is taken on the fact that hypobarism is not comparable to other techniques on account of its multiple and complex action; this acts at various levels and primarily influences the cardiovascular apparatus. PMID- 1121362 TI - Effect of intraventricular neonatal 6-OH dopamine or 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine adminisration on the circadian periodicity of plasma corticosteroid levels in the rat. AB - The extent of circadian variation in plasma corticosteroid levels at 30 days of age was normal in rats who received either intraventricular 6-OH dopamine or 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine on day 3 of life. A 4-h advance in the time of peaking was present in this latter group. At the time of study the depletion of 8.00 a.m. and 8.00 p.m. levels of norepinephrine was significant in the cortex (--49%), hypothalamus (--58%), hippocampus (--65%), and amygdala (--44%) of the 6-OH dopamine-treated animals, as was a similar depletion of serotonin in these areas in the 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine-treated animals. There was no difference between 8.00 a.m. and 8.00 p.m. levels of either amine in any of these areas, in contrast to the variation seen in uninjected animals in whom 8.00 a.m. levels of both amines were higher in all areas than 8.00 p.m. levels. The female 6 hydroxydopamine-treated animals had significantly increased adrenal weights. No other significant changes were noted in the adrenals or gonads of either treated group. Body weights were not significantly altered in any of the animals. These data demonstrate that the circadian variation in plasma corticosteroid levels can develop in the presence of either marked norepinephrine or serotonin depletion in CNS areas that have been implicated in the regulation of such periodicity. PMID- 1121364 TI - [Transport of patients by airlines]. AB - The problems of transporting patients on normal flights are examined. The first section describes the conditions of the plan's microclimate which might affect the health of passengers conditions which are obsolute contraindications for flying are also listed. More detailed analysis is applied to problems regarding the air transport of pregnant women, immature children and heart cases. The effect of hyperventilation and the anxiety state on flight passengers is then studied. To conclude, statistics on patients transported on airline flights and on the influence of flying on the course of diseases are reported. PMID- 1121365 TI - [Aeromedical problems in cranio-vertebral injuries]. AB - Impact between the brain and the cristae of the base normally results as a consequence of inertia when an obstacle is hit, followed by contusion, or intra-, sub- or extradural haematoma. The skull itself may be briken (usually at the interpilasters or the weak points of the pilasters) or dented. Denting resulted in the depression of a circular fragments or fragments, with compression of the dura mater or brain; this, in turn, may be contused, lacerated or even crushed. Spinal crash fractures usually involve the lumbar region. Neck fractures are rare. The picture may be one of clinical silence (local pain) or marked neurological involvement. Damage to the cord is expressed in the form of shock, complete flaccid para- or tetraplegia, complete loss of sensation below the lesion, loss of deep and superficial reflexes, urinary retention and rectal incontinence. Treatment is rendered complicated by profuse scalp haemorrhages, respiratory insufficiency requiring orotracheal intubation and assisted respiration, convulsions, which should be handled with care, since ordinary anti epilepsy products may mask the onset of hypertension and haematoma. Swelling should be reduced with cortisones. Diuretics may be too brusque and lead to intracerebral haematoma. In the case of spinal injuries, particular care should be excercised in shifting the patient and conveying him to hospital. Where high neck lesions are suspected, the possibility of damage to the originating segments of the phrenic nerve must be borne in mind. PMID- 1121366 TI - [Transport of patients with otorhinolaryngologic diseases on air lines]. PMID- 1121367 TI - [Organization of medical and surgical emergency services in large hospitals. Problems and proposals]. PMID- 1121368 TI - [Medico-social aspects of the post-infarct state. Clinical, functional, psychological and return-to-work studies of 100 patients with myocardial infarct treated in the coronary unit]. AB - To determine whether intensive care unit are able to improve long term as well as immediate prognosis of acute myocardial infarction, one hundred patients, aged 40 to 60 years, six months to three years after discharge have been studied. All patients were examined with ergometric test, psychological assessment and medico social survey. Comparison was made with patients treated in general medical wards. Correlations between clinical picture, psychological pattern, functional capacity and return to work prove that treatment in a coronary care unit positively affects the future of these patients. The importance of a rehabilitation program and its principles are also discussed. PMID- 1121369 TI - Treatment of clear cell adenocarcinoma in young females. AB - Eight cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma treated at The M. D. Anderson Hospital are reviewed. Six such lesions were primarily vaginal carcinomas and 2 involved the cervix. Five patients with early carcinomas were treated entirely with a transvaginal cone or interstitial irradiation and 4 are living and well, 2 to 8 years after completion of therapy. We believe that this experience justifies further treatment of early clear cell carcinomas with conservative radiation. This form of therapy is particularly important since the DEX-exposed patients represent an identifiable high-risk group which should augment the chances for early diagnosis. PMID- 1121370 TI - Cancer metastatic to the ovary: factors influencing survival. AB - In the period 1950 through 1966, 357 patients with cancer metastatic to the ovaries were treated at the Mayo Clinic. The majority of primary tumors arose in the gastrointestinal tract. Factors influencing survival included the site of the primary cancer, histologic grade of the neoplasm, menstrual status, and the type of treatment. Patients whose cancers originated in the genital tract had the lowest mean death rate. Although analyses of survival confirm the observation that cancer metastatic to the ovaries has a poor overall prognosis, 21 of the 357 patients were still living at 10 years and 7 of these patients survived for at least 20 years. The continued development of improved technics of radiation therapy and of more effective chemotherapeutic agents should facilitate intensive therapy for patients with metastatic cancer of the ovaries and result in improved survival. PMID- 1121371 TI - Appendicitis complicating pregnancy. AB - Thirty-four pregnant women with acute appendicitis presented at Parkland Memorial Hospital during a 15-year period. Abdominal pain, usually accompanied by nausea with or without vomiting, was the most common presenting symptom. Anorexia was less constant, and its occurrence decreased with advancing gestation. Physical findings usually included direct abdominal tenderness and, less often, rebound tenderness. Leukocytosis and/or a "left shift" were common laboratory findings, and the urinalysis was normal in most cases. Diagnosis was increasingly difficult as gestation progressed. This was reflected both by the increasing severity of the disease process found at surgery and by increasing fetal loss. If the diagnosis of appendicitis is suspected in the gravid patient, immediate surgical intervention is indicated to prevent the catastrophic complications associated with procrastination in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1121372 TI - Gestational variation of fatty acid composition of human amniotic fluid lipids. AB - The amount of total lipids of the amniotic fluid of normal human subjects increases progressively with gestational age and is found to be maximum in labor at term. The lecithin/sphingomeylin ratio, which invariably increased with gestational age, is 2:1 or greater beyong 34 weeks of pregnancy and becomes maximum at term labor. No definite correlation exists between the palmitic acid content of total lipids and gestational age; but the palmitic acid content of the lecithin fraction increases with gestational age and this increase is markedly accelerated near the 34th week of pregnancy. Also it is observed that the arachidonic acid of cholesterol esters increases with gestational age. Therefore, it is suggested that both the palmitic acid level of lecithin and the arachidonic acid level of cholesterol esters might serve as more reliable indices that current methods being employed for the assessment of fetal lung maturity. PMID- 1121373 TI - Contraction stress test for antepartum fetal evaluation. AB - The contraction stress test (CST) was used to attempt determination of fetal reserve prior to labor by evaluating the response of the fetal heart rate to spontaneous or induced uterine contractions. Testing was performed by using an external fetal heart rate monitor and tocograph. The CST was employed 189 times in 120 high-risk patients who either had hypertensive disorder of pregnancy or had completed at least 42 weeks of gestation. Testing was begun as early as 34 weeks' gestation and repeated at weekly intervals; it was not used in the clinical management of the patient. The maximum number of tests performed on one patient was 8. A negative CST appears to be a most reliable guide to the ability of the fetus to tolerate labor if it ensues within 1 week. A positive test suggests that the fetus is at increased risk, but death is not necessarily imminent. Results of the present study warrant use of the CST in controlled studies to determine its effect in improving perinatal outcome. PMID- 1121374 TI - Luteinizing hormone, adrenal androgenesis, and polycystic ovarian disease. AB - Seven oophorectomized patients were administered a total of 60,000 units of human chorionic gonadotropin over a 3-day period, and plasma testosterone levels were obtained. One of the 7 patients demonstrated a definitive response to the hormone but repeat testing proved to be negative. The potential role of luteinizing hormone in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome is discussed and current evidence linking LH to adrenal androgenesis is reviewed. Modifications that may be employed for future study are suggested. PMID- 1121375 TI - Aging and X chromosome loss in the human ovary. AB - A study of the incidence of X chromosome loss from the mitotic complement of human ovary has demonstrated a small loss beginning between ages 36 and 45 years and increasing additively to age 75. This was earlier and less than has been shown for blood. In ovarian tissue, autosomal chromosomal loss declined with age while X loss increased. Though no correlation of X loss could be demonstrated with the clinical state of the menstrual cycle, there was a greater loss of all chromosomes in normally cycling subjects than in perimenopausal and postmenopausal subjects. The possibility that the menopause is initiated in the ovary is raised by findings of these correlates of aging. PMID- 1121376 TI - Renal carcinoma in pregnancy. AB - A gravid patient presented with gross hematuria in the last trimester of pregnancy but did not permit diagnostic measures. After delivery a large abdominal mass, which proved to be renal cell carcinoma, was found. Previously reported cases are reviewed, and the importance of adequate workup of hematuria during pregnancy is emphasized. PMID- 1121377 TI - Intravascular hemolysis: a complication of midtrimester abortion: a report of two cases. AB - Intravascular hemolysis occurred twice in a series of 1582 consecutive intraamniotic midtrimester saline abortions. The hemolysis was associated with consumption coagulopathy and acute renal failure. Both patients made a complete recovery after a prolonged hospital stay; one required peritoneal dialysis. The pathogenesis of this serious complication of saline abortion is discussed but no satisfactory explanation has been reached. PMID- 1121378 TI - Manometric evaluation of labor. AB - A practical method of monitoring uterine contractility during labor is described utilizing a water manometer technic. Comparison of manometric measurements of uterine activity with electronic monitor values reveals that the manometric technic provides an accurate assessment of pathologic intrauterine pressures. PMID- 1121379 TI - A safer uterine curette. AB - A new uterine curette is described, with features designed to help eliminate some of the instrumentation hazards in the operation of uterine curettage. An analysis of the disadvantages of the traditional curette is presented together with a description of how these have been minimized or eliminated in the new instrument. The fundamental difference in the new instrument is its tip. It has features to minimize the likelihood of perforation, deep gouging, and unnecessary injury to the basilar endometrium. Prototypes of the new instrument have gone through an evolutionary and testing period of 25 years, during which the instrument has been used by many operators. There have been no serious accidents or complications reported, and there has been no need for repeat curettage. PMID- 1121380 TI - Letter: Acupuncture. PMID- 1121381 TI - Letter: Fetal monitoring. PMID- 1121382 TI - Blind-ending branch of a bifid ureter diagnosed by intravenous pyelogram. The sixth reported case. PMID- 1121383 TI - Jefferson fracture of the atlas. A case report. PMID- 1121384 TI - Editorial: The attack on oral diabetes drugs. PMID- 1121385 TI - [Drug use in high school students]. PMID- 1121386 TI - [Experience with surgery in patients over 70 years of age]. PMID- 1121387 TI - [Late results of thoracic sympathectomy in various diseases]. PMID- 1121388 TI - [Spontaneous choledocho-ventricular fistula, corrected by surgery]. PMID- 1121389 TI - [Association of chronic lymphoid leukemia with other tumors]. PMID- 1121390 TI - [The position of the Professional College of the National Institute of Surgery on drainage]. PMID- 1121391 TI - [Letter: Is it advisable to interrupt pregnancy by vacuum aspiration?]. PMID- 1121392 TI - Editorial: Beware the bountyhunter (hunter of gifts liberally bestowed). PMID- 1121393 TI - Three ideas to improve your office procedure. PMID- 1121394 TI - Practicing physicians fill void in medical school curriculum. PMID- 1121396 TI - Diuretic therapy in hypertension. PMID- 1121395 TI - Gallstone ileus. PMID- 1121397 TI - Trends in mortality due to cirrhosis of the liver in Allegheny County -- comparison with Baltimore, Maryland. PMID- 1121398 TI - Inhalation injury in burned patients. PMID- 1121400 TI - Malpractice crisis. PMID- 1121399 TI - Cutaneous sporotrichosis--a case report. PMID- 1121401 TI - The importance of paediatrics in developing countries. PMID- 1121402 TI - Nutritional status as an important factor in the health status of the adult. PMID- 1121403 TI - Gastrointestinal disease in malnourished children. PMID- 1121404 TI - Iron deficiency in children in Sydney. PMID- 1121405 TI - What the pediatrician should know about congenital heart disease. PMID- 1121406 TI - Why package child care? PMID- 1121407 TI - Child health problems in Indonesia. PMID- 1121408 TI - Medicine and the law. AB - 1. Public and private benefits offering security for life if the need is of sufficient magnitude inhibits optimum restoration of the patient. 2. The physician frequently does not recognise nor is concerned with the premorbid attitude, goals or life-style of the patient and does not effectively deal with the future temporal needs of the patient, thereby contributing to less than satisfactory levels of restoration. 3. The law and its objectives as practised by the lawyers often develop into an intense adversary posture, threatening the security of the patient and jeopardising a satisfactory level of restoration. 4. Administration of the law by judicial and quasi-judicial judges and juries is manipulated to give the highest award possible, therefore the plaintiff will not be restored to the satisfactory level of which he is capable. 5. There is hostility and little communication between physician and lawyer again contributing to the patient's failure in restoration. 6. The adversary system is accused of creating conditions contributing to unsatisfactory restoration but can be utilised as a motivational force with innovative and creative thinking on the part of the professions to meet the real needs and goals for security of the patient and motivate his restoration. 7. Communication and role-playing exchange between the professions and the patient as his condition will require, promote a successful and acceptable restoration. 8. The counsel involved develop the process for prompt financial disposition without involving the patient in the adversary process or in trial. PMID- 1121409 TI - Ethical considerations in treatment and research in spinal injuries. PMID- 1121410 TI - The resettlement process. PMID- 1121411 TI - Home care of the spinal injury patient. PMID- 1121412 TI - The management of patients with spinal cord injury by a hospital-based home care programme. PMID- 1121413 TI - The urological treatment of paraplegic patients at home. PMID- 1121414 TI - An evaluation of home care after spinal cord injury. PMID- 1121415 TI - The experimental contusion injury of the spinal cord in sheep. AB - The validity of reproduction of the controlled contusion injury to the spinal cord in the experimental animal is questioned. The dynamic pathology involving the microvasculature within the first two hours is illustrated using light microscopy. After 15-30 minutes swelling of axons and disruption of myelin sheaths become evident in most areas of white matter. After four hours microcysts have formed in the columns of white matter and are evidence of irreversible damage. Swelling of the cord following injury results from congestion, extravasation and intracellular swelling of neurones, rather than from any demonstrable increase in extracellular fluid. Oedema was only demonstrated with perfusion fixation. Isotope and contrast myelography were compared in the identification of the degree and extent of spinal cord swelling. Significant improvement in motor power was found in a group of paraplegic sheep treated with alpha-methyl paratyrosine. There was no significant improvement in the degree of recovery of motor power or sensation in those animals treated with intrathecal methyl prednisolone (Depo-Medrol). The histopathology in the crushed spinal cord tissue of the treated and untreated animals at various intervals of time was compared. Some possible explanations for the different patterns of clinical recovery in the treated animals are discussed. PMID- 1121416 TI - Modular designed, wheelchair based orthotic system for upper extremities. PMID- 1121417 TI - Ferritin turnover in plasma: an opportunistic use of blood removed during exchange transfusion. AB - The concentration of plasma ferritin was measured in serial samples of blood removed from six preterm neonates undergoing exchange transfusion for hyperbilirubinemia. The average plasma ferritin concentration in the infants was 218 ng/ml compared with 47 ng/ml in the donors. The mean concentration of ferritin decreased an average of 62 ng/ml during the exchange transfusions. The plasma ferritin half-life was computed to be 2.5 and 5.5 min in the two infants weighing 2,000 and 2,500 g compared with a half-life of 4 min in the rat. In four infants weighing between 1,000 and 1,180 g, the half-life ranged from 9.1 to 34 min. These data support the concept of a rapid plasma ferritin turnover and indicate that ferritin may transport a large amount of iron through the plasma compartment in spite of its low concentration. PMID- 1121418 TI - In vivo D-glucose absorption in the developing rat small intestine. AB - Solutions containing D-glucose (1--20 mg/ml) were perfused in situ through the jejunum + ileum of anesthetized rats 7-8 and 14-15 (suckling), 21-23 (weanling), 35-36, and 70-73 days old. The amounts of glucose absorbed, expressed as percentage of load perfused (normalized for intestinal weight, milligrams per hour per gram wet weight), were greater in the weanling than in the suckling pups. Rate of glucose absorption increased with increase in glucose concentration in the perfused solutions and reached a plateau when concentration exceeded 3 mg/ml in the suckling and 10 mg/ml in the weanling rats. Based on intestinal weight, absorption rates (milligrams per hour per gram wet weight) from solutions containing 10 mg/ml glucose were 2 times greater in the 21-23 than in the 7-8-day old pups (64 versus 30; P less than 0.01). Glucose absorption rates (milligrams per hour per gram wet weight of the perfused intestine) from the 20 mg/ml solution were similar in the 21-23 (64), 35-36 (60), and 70-73 (58)-day-old rats. The above results suggested that under the experimental conditions in rats the ability of the small intestine to absorp glucose per unit weight about doubles at the time of weaning as compared with the suckling period with no further enhancement thereafter. PMID- 1121419 TI - Production of the features of Reye's syndrome in rats with 4-pentenoic acid. AB - 4-Pentenoic acid, an analog of hypoglycin which is believed to cause Jamaican vomiting sickness, was administered intraperitoneally to rats in an attempt to produce the features of Reye's syndrome in rats. Mean ammonia levels in plasma were found to be elevated approximately four-fold after injection of 200 mg/kg pentenoic acid in fed rats. Pentenoic acid caused hypoglycemia in fasted rats and hyperglycemia in fed rats. In chronic experiments rats were injected intraperitoneally every 4 hr with 50 mg/kg body weight of pentenoic acid for 10 doses, followed by a single dose of 200 mg/kg. The livers of the treated group were enlarged and yellow and showed extensive fatty degeneration. The blood-urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly higher and the free fatty acids (FFA's) significantly lower in these rats. This study shows that pentenoic acid administered to rats produces findings similar to those of Reye's syndrome and Jamaican vomiting sickness. PMID- 1121420 TI - In vitro studies of effects of light and riboflavin on DNA and HeLa cells. AB - The widespread use of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has caused some concern since substances other than bilirubin may be photoactivated. The toxic properties of these photoactivated substances might prove to be more harmful to the neonatal infant than bilirubin. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of photoactivated riboflavin in low concentration, on purified DNA. The results demonstrate extensive changes in the structure of DNA (see Table 1) manifested by (1) a change in the peak absorbance in the ultraviolet, (2) a decrease in the temperature of the thermal helix-coil transition, (3) a slight decrease in the sedimentation coefficient, and (4) an increase in the buoyant density values (1.704-1.709). These observations are consistent with the interpretation that there has been an alteration of one of the base moieties with minimal cleavage of the phosphodiester linkages. Results with human cells in tissue culture indicate that a similar photodynamic effect of riboflavin on the DNA occurs in living cells. PMID- 1121421 TI - Detection by electron microscopy of photo-induced denaturation in lambda DNA. AB - We have used an electron microscope to study localized denatured regions in ultraviolet-irradiated DNA. DNA from bacteriophage lambda was UV-irradiated and then prepared for electron microscopy after fixing in buffered (pH 9.5) formaldehyde solutions at 25 degrees C. The denatured regions observed corresponded to those described by Inman and Schnos (1) who used alkaline denaturation to preferentially destroy thymine-adenine base pairing. In UV irradiated DNA, pairs of neighboring thymine residues are converted into photodimers; hence, loss of hydrogen bonding most likely occurs in thymine-rich regions and denaturation results. Conceivably, photo-induced denaturation may under some circumstances represent a more convenient method than alkaline denaturation for mapping thymine-rich regions in DNA. PMID- 1121422 TI - Further characterization of the polynucleotide phosphorylase of Micrococcus luteus. AB - The purification of polynucleotide phosphorylase from Micrococcus luteus by chromatography on phosphocellulose colums is described. This procedure offers several advantages over previous procedures. Previously determined molecular weights for Form-I enzyme and Form-T enzyme derived from Form-I by limited tryptic hydrolysis were confirmed as 2.7 and 2.3 times 10-5, respectively. Form-I appears homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge, but multiple active protein species are separable by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The multiple species are probably the result of proteolysis. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, Form-T yielded a single size of subunit of 71,000 daltons, and Form-I yielded several bands of different molecular sizes. These results differ from earlier determinations. The amino acid compositions of Form-I and Form-T are reported. Form-I contains only between 8 and 10 cysteine residues per molecule and Form-T half that many. PMID- 1121423 TI - Absence of mRNA for casein in free polysomes of lactating ewe mammary gland. AB - Total polysomal RNA or poly A- containing RNA extracted from free polysomes of lactating ewe mammary gland was unable to direct a significant synthesis of alpha s- and beta-casein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of poly A- containing RNA revealed that the two major peaks of mRNA isolated from membrane-bound polysomes were not observed in mRNA isolated from free polysomes. Purified 125-I anti-alpha s-casein could bind significantly to membrane-bound polysomes only. These data suggest that casein synthesis occurs almost exclusively on membrane-bound polysomes and that this specificity may be attributed to the presence of casein mRNAs on these polysomes and their absence from free polysomes. PMID- 1121425 TI - Editorial: Into the community. PMID- 1121424 TI - Heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Denaturation mapping by electron microscopy. AB - Electronmicroscopic observation of the denaturation pattern of 130 partially denaturated linear mitochondrial DNA molecules from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was used to investigate the distribution of AT-rich sequences within the mitochondrial genome. The molecules were observed after heating to 43 degrees C in the presence of 12% formaldehyde. These conditions resulted in an average denaturation per molecule of 21%. The average length of the molecules was 10 mum, and a few molecules had a length corresponding to the size of the complete genome. The undenaturated regions varied in length from 0.1 to 5.0 mum with denaturated regions of length 0.02 to 0.1 mum in between. A denaturation map was constructed by use of one of the long molecules (28.7 mum) as a master molecule for positioning of all other molecules. This map shows distinct regions corresponding to the position of easily denaturated sequences in the mitochondrial DNA. These sequences which presumably correspond to the very AT rich regions, known to exist in the yeast mitochondrial DNA, were found at intervals of about 0.5 - 3 mum on the map. PMID- 1121427 TI - Facing the food crisis. PMID- 1121426 TI - New hope for the handicapped. PMID- 1121428 TI - A food programme for drought stricken Niger. PMID- 1121429 TI - Carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 1121430 TI - Nursing care study: training a severely subnormal person. PMID- 1121431 TI - Lumbar sympathectomy. PMID- 1121433 TI - Concealed accidental ante-partum haemorrhage. PMID- 1121432 TI - Incontinence. 2. Problems in the aetiology of urinary incontinence. PMID- 1121434 TI - Schizophrenia. 2. Psycho-analytical and other opinions. PMID- 1121435 TI - Naylands---families in a therapeutic community. PMID- 1121437 TI - Smallpox: end of an era. PMID- 1121436 TI - Nursing the epileptic child. PMID- 1121438 TI - Reorganization. Consensus management - an RNO's (Regional Nursing Officer) view. PMID- 1121439 TI - Reorganization. Working for democracy - an ANO's (Area Nursing Officer) view. PMID- 1121440 TI - Reorganization. A more sensitive service - a DNO's (District Nursing Officer) view. PMID- 1121441 TI - Reorganisation. 'A lack of confidence in the consultative machinery'. PMID- 1121442 TI - Trampoline on cottonwool. PMID- 1121443 TI - White elephant land. PMID- 1121444 TI - Nursing care study: use of Dunlop traction. PMID- 1121445 TI - Schizophrenia. 6. Acute schizophrenia. PMID- 1121447 TI - A new approach to education. PMID- 1121446 TI - Incontinence. 6. The prevention of soiling. PMID- 1121448 TI - Nurse tutor students' experiences in teaching practice. 1. PMID- 1121449 TI - Norman Barry. The new chairman of the General Nursing Council for England and Wales talks to Nursing Times. PMID- 1121450 TI - Making a medical documentary. PMID- 1121451 TI - Teachers of nurses are there enough? PMID- 1121452 TI - The degree nurse---advanced nursing students, views. PMID- 1121453 TI - Chest injuries. 2. Specific injuries. PMID- 1121454 TI - New teaching methods in training clinical teachers. PMID- 1121455 TI - A planned programme with Briggs in mind. PMID- 1121456 TI - Letter: An unbridgeable gap? PMID- 1121457 TI - DREAMS. 3. Therapy by dream analysis. PMID- 1121458 TI - Outpatient cervical cryosurgery. PMID- 1121459 TI - Educational technology in the school of nursing. PMID- 1121460 TI - Nurse tutor students' experiences in teaching practice. 2. PMID- 1121462 TI - Schizophrenia. 1. Diagnosis and prognosis. PMID- 1121461 TI - Too many cooks? PMID- 1121463 TI - Pernicious anaemia. PMID- 1121464 TI - Incontinence. 1. Significance of incompetence of personal sanitary habits. PMID- 1121465 TI - Cancer pain in relation to nursing care. PMID- 1121466 TI - Hospital-based psychiatric nurse in the community. PMID- 1121467 TI - [Serological cross reactions of Enterobacteriaceae antigens in sera of children with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 1121468 TI - [Registration of myocardial infarct in Warsaw and Lublin. General data concerning incidence]. PMID- 1121469 TI - [Side effects of rifampicin in the treatment of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis by the intermittent method]. PMID- 1121470 TI - [Dust concentration in a cement-producing plant and chain smoking as related to the incidence of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 1121471 TI - [Subdural intracranial empyemas]. PMID- 1121472 TI - [Rectal carcinoid]. PMID- 1121473 TI - [Familial colonic polyposis]. PMID- 1121474 TI - [Pulmonary function tests: methodology]. PMID- 1121475 TI - [The role of lung function tests in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121476 TI - [Lung function tests in the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121477 TI - [Peripheral airway obstruction and closing volume (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121478 TI - [Lung function tests in epidemiological studies of bronchopulmonary disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121479 TI - Correlation of anti-inflammatory activity with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis activity of nonsteroidal anti-estrogens and estrogens (38532). AB - Diethylstilbestrol, clomiphene, ethamoxytriphetol and triparanol were 0.18, 1.0, 0.02 and 0.01 times as potent in the in vitro inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase, respectively as was indomethacin. In the in vivo carrageenan-induced rat paw edema studies, diethylstilbestrol was more potent as an anti-inflammatory agent than was clomiphene, and ethamoxytriphetol and triparanol were only marginally effective. The most potent of the compounds tested was indomethacin. The results reported demonstrate that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and the nonsteroidal estrogens and anti-estrogens share the property of inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 1121480 TI - Effects of metyrapone on reproductive organs of house mice (38533). AB - The effects of chronic administration of metyrapone, a specific adrenal 11beta hydroxylase inhibitor, were examined on the reproductive organs of house mice. In one experiment, immature (30 days old) mice of both sexes received daily injections of either metyrapone (100 mg/kg) or saline ip for 30 days. In a second experiment, mature mice (90 days old) were treated in like manner either with metyrapone (100 mg/kg) or saline for 21 days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, mice were killed, fixed in formalin, and organs were weighed and examined by light microscopy. There was significant impairment of ovarian and uterine development in the young female metyrapone-treated mice with the incidence of corpora lutea being reduced 82%. Seminal vesicle and body weights were significantly reduced in juvenile males. Among mature animals, a 14% decrease in adrenal gland weight from adult females was the only signigicant effect of prolonged treatment with metyrapone. These data support the hypothesis that increases in pituitary-adrenocortical function may impair development of reproductive organs in small rodents. PMID- 1121481 TI - Effect of pinealectomy on rat brain myelin (38534). AB - Analysis of purified myelin from the respective brains of both sexes of 40-day old rats revealed that neonatal pinealectomy results in decreased myelin formation. PMID- 1121482 TI - Ferritin in formed blood elements (38539). AB - The ferritin concentration of the formed elements of the blood has been measured. Nearly equal amounts were found in plasma, red cells, granulocytes, and in the mononuclear (monocyte and lymphocyte) cell fraction. Platelets contained a negligible amount. Concentrations of ferritin were greatest in blood leukocytes, amounting to approximately 24 mug/ml. Changes occurring with iron depletion and iron overload were consistent with those expected in body tissues in general. With infection, increased levels of ferritin were observed in the mononuclear cell fraction, consistent with that which occurs in RE cells. PMID- 1121483 TI - Host resistance mechanisms to Newcastle disease virus in immunodeficient chickens (38540). AB - In order to assess the mechanisms of host resistance to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the susceptibility of young adult normal, T cell deficient and agammaglobulinemic chickens to an avirulent live vaccine (Bl) and a mesogenic strain of NDV was studied. All animals, regardless of immunological status resisted the vaccine strain. Most normal birds resisted mesogenic NDV, HOWEVER T cell deficient birds were much more susceptible and agammaglobulinemic chickens were extremely susceptible. There was no difference in the kinetics and levels of hemmagglutination-inhibition activity of plasma between normal, control irradiated and T cell deficient birds nor between dying and surviving birds. Agammaglobulinemic chickens could be partially protected against an otherwise lethal challenge following immunization with avirulent NDV, low doses of mesogenic NDV inoculated intranasally or im injection of beta-propriolactone inactivated NDV mixed in complete Freund's adjuvant. The possible mechanisms for this protection together with the relative roles of humoral, cell mediated and non-specific immunity are discussed. PMID- 1121484 TI - Cirrhosis of choline deficiency in the Rhesus Monkey. Possible role of dietary cholesterol (38541). AB - One of five rhesus monkeys fed a diet deficient in choline and protein for 31 mo developed signs of cirrhosis at 26 mo. Five other monkeys were fed the same diet for 14 mo, at which time cholesterol comprising 2% of the diet was added. Three followed a sharp rise in hepatic lipids. One monkey developed marked hypercholesterolemia and showed signs of cirrhosis 2 mo after cholesterol supplementation. The findings indicate that the rhesus monkey is susceptible to choline-deficiency cirrhosis. They suggest that cholestrol supplementation accelerates this process. PMID- 1121485 TI - Experimental manipulation of preleukemic change in whole-body irradiated RFM/Up mice (38542). AB - Radiation which induces leukemogenesis in the unirradiated mouse, inhibits leukemogenesis if given again to the previously irradiated, but not yet leukemic mouse. The objective of this experiment was to identiry nonmalignant late radiation in jury in the bone marrow, the modification of which by a second exposure may account for postponement of radiogenic leukemia. To this end, leukemogenically irradiated RFM/Up mice were reirradiated under conditions known to bring about postponement of the leukemias due to the first radiation exposure. Quantitative analysis of the femoral pone marrow of these mice shows that leukemia incidence is positively correlated with the number of immature myeloid cells, and negatively correlated with the percentage of the mature myeloid cells in the entire myeloid series. The implications of this for the understanding of preleukemic change are discussed. PMID- 1121486 TI - Subcellular location of human parathyroid hormone immunoreactive peptides and preliminary evidence for a precursor to human PTH-1 (38545). PMID- 1121487 TI - Effect of cholestyramine on tissue pools of cholesterol a preliminary report. AB - Four Type II Hyperlipoproteinemic subjects were investigated before and after treatment with cholestyramine. Plasma cholesterol was significantly reduced (365 plus or minus 23 vs 273 plus or minus 34 mg/100 ml) and triglycerides significantly increased (149 plus or minus 55 vs 181 plus or minus 59 mg/100 ml) on cholestyramine treatment. The daily turnover of cholesterol, as determined by the method of Goodman and Nobel, was nearly doubled by the treatment (0.813 plus or minus 0.11 vs 1.595 plus or minus 0.176 g). Although previous workers have already suggested that cholestyramine does not decrease tissue cholesterol pools, we observed a significant increase in tissue pools in each of the three subjects given cholestyramine alone (10.1 plus or minus 1.4 vs 16.2 plus or minus 6.9 g) for Pool A - EXCLUDING PLASMA; AND 27.2 PLUS OR MINUS 4.6 VS 43.7 PLUS OR MINUS 6.4 G FOR Pool B). Treatment for the fourth subject consisted of a combination of cholestyramine and clofibrate. This combination appeared to prevent increases in the size of Pool B and in the size and production rate of Pool A. These preliminary observations suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect of cholestyramine may be enhanced and its effects on tissue cholesterol prevented by giving it in combination with other agents such as clofibrate. PMID- 1121488 TI - Effect of mirex on induced ovulation in immature rats (38550). AB - PMS-induced ovulation was significantly inhibited in 28-day-old immature rats by acute administration of the chlorinated pesticide Mirex. Numbers of ova recovered were reduced by 40-80% from controls with dose levels of Mirex ranging from 0.4 to 50 mg per animal. When injections of Mirex 48 hr after PMS were followed by HCG the inhibitory effect of the insecticide was overcome, suggesting that the ovary is not the primary site of action. Injections of Mirex at intervals preceding the PMS-induced LH surge resulted in an inhibition of ovulation. Administration of the insecticide after the expected release of LH was ineffective. There was no indication of a premature or delayed release of LH due to injection of Mirex. TPHE DATA SUGGEST THAT Mirex inhibits PMS-induced ovulation by an unknown effect upon neural mechanisms controlling the release of LH. PMID- 1121489 TI - Inability of angiotensin to stimulate RNA SYNTHESIS IN ISOLATED RAT ATRIA (38551). AB - Contrary to a previous report by other investigators, angiotensin was shown not to increase the incorporation of (3H)uridine into RNA of rat atria in culture. PMID- 1121490 TI - The effect of vasectomy and oviduct section on mouse behavior (38554). AB - The spontaneous movement of vasectomized adult Swiss Webster male mice was 60% less than sham-operated controls 45 days after the operation. A similar trend was recorded for tubectomized frmales. Exploratory behavior as measured by the open field test was not significantly influenced by either surgical proceedure. PMID- 1121491 TI - Degradation of particulate lipid by the large-granule fraction of rat liver (38555). AB - Radiolabeled particulate lipid administered intravenously was cleared from the circulation and localized primarily with in the liver. The phagocytized 131I triglyceride was degraded with the subsequent release of free 131I-triglyceride emulsion in vitro with different hepatic subcellular fractions revealed that the lysosome rich large-granule fraction contained the highest specific deiodinative activity. This observation coupled with the findings on latency of activation and an acid findings on latency of activation and an acid pH optimum, support the concept that the lysosomes are critically involved in the degradation of the particulate phagocytized lipid in the liver. PMID- 1121492 TI - Capillary density of skeletal muscle in dogs exposed to simulated altitude (38556). PMID- 1121493 TI - Effect of corynebacterium parvum on bone marrow cell cultures (38557). AB - The effect of C. parvum on in vitro colony-forming cell was evaluated. A single ip injection of the vaccine had no effect during the first 4 hr either on colony stimulating factor or on colony-forming cells. The enhancement of the colony forming capacity of the bone marrow by C.parvum occurred after two injections of the vaccine within 48 hr. The stimulation of colony formation by C. parvum was time related function and occured 5 days after the initiation of the cultures. The results of this study indicate that C. parvum appears to be stimulant of bone marrow cells capable of proliferation and may be used as a valuable adjuvant against myelosuppressive agents. PMID- 1121494 TI - Ability of several cations to promote secretion of thyrocalcitonin in the pig-1-2 (38559). AB - Various ions were tested to see whether or not at pharmacological plasma levels they affected TCT secretion from the pig thyroid gland in vivo. Test solutions were infused either systemically (femoral vein) or directly into the thyroid artery for brief (10-12 min) periods. Infusions of large doses of magnesium, potassium, strontium and barium, as well as calcium, produced increases in TCT in thyroid venous plasma ranging from two- to tenfold. Blood analyses reveled that levels of these stimulatory cations produced in plasma during the infusions indeed were high. In contrast, infusions of sodium and phosphate suggested that neither hypernatermia nor hyperhosphatemia directly altered TCT secretion. The findings are in accord with previous suggstions that although cations other than calcium are capable of increasing TCT secretion, probably only calcium plays an important role in the physical regulation of TCT secretion. Neverthless, other effective agents, such as those reported here, may consitute useful pharmacological tools for studying the mechanisms involved in secretion of TCT. PMID- 1121495 TI - Effect of diftalone and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on synthesis of prostaglandins (38560). AB - Diftalone and its metabolites 7, 14-Dihydroxyphthalzino (2,3-b)phthalazine-5, 12 (7H, 14H)-dione, 7-Hydroxyphthalazino (2, 3-b)phthalzine-5,12 (7H, 14H)=DIONE, AND 12 (1(2H)-oxo-2-phthalazinyl)methylbenzoic acid inhibited prostaglandin synthesis in bovine seminal vesicle microsome preparations. Diftalone was the most active of these compounds but less active than indomethacin although more active than phenylbutazone or asprin. The magnitude of the concentration of arachidonic acid influenced the velocity of the reaction in the synthesis of prostaglandins; the highest concentrations inhibited the rate of reaction. The results of the in vitro inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase studies correlated well with those obtained in the in vivo carrageenan edema inhibition studies in the rat. The relative potencies for Diftalone, indomethacin and phenylbutazone were similar with both experimental procedures. PMID- 1121496 TI - The dependence of the hemoglobin (beta plus gamma)/alpha chain synthetic ratio on the degree of anemia in beta-thalassemia (38561). AB - The peripheral blood hemoglobin (beta plus gamma)/alpha chain synthetic ratio in three homozygous beta-thalassemic subjects was shown to increase towards unity as their hematocrits were raised by stepwise transfusion. The observation that the chain synthetic ratio can vary in a given individual is discussed in relation to current understanding about the regulation of hemoglobin synthesis. PMID- 1121497 TI - Release of cholecystokinin by acid (38562). AB - In dogs with pancreatic fistulas, the amount of CCK released by acid in the intestine was estimated by determining how much exogenous CCK had to be fiven to mimic the pancreatic protein response. Duodenal infusion of 16 mmole/hr of HCl with a high background dose of intravenous secretin stimulated pancreatic protein secretion to about the same degree as 0.5 unit/kg-hr of exogenous CCK; the same acid load without secretin background gave a response equivalent to about 0.7 unit/kg-hr of CCK. Expressed as fractions of their respective doses for half maximal response, acid releases almost five times more secretin than CCK. PMID- 1121498 TI - Safety assessment of poly I:C in NZB/NZW mice (38565). AB - The present report confirms the findings by Steinberg et al. (9) that repeated intraperitoneal injections of poly I:C (3 mug/g, three times per wk, 40-52 doses) enhanced the incidence and severity of glomerular lesions that occur spontaneously in NZG/NZW mice and also increased the development of circulating antibody against nucleic acids. This effect was minimal when only six intraperitoneal doses were given in 1 mug/g amount at weekly intervals. Intranasal administration of poly I:C (0.2 mug/g, three times per wk, 40 doses) or six doses of the drug (1 mug/g weekly) caused no apparent potentiation of glomerular response. ICR/Ha mice, which do not suffer from the spontaneously occurring disease, were uneffected by poly I:C treatment except for occasional development of antibody against poly I:C or DNA. PMID- 1121499 TI - Tolerance of isolated cardiac muscle to hypoxia: force-frequency interrelationships (38566). AB - The preformance of isolated left ventricular muscle preparations during 60 min of hypoxia (95 percent N-2, 5% CO-2) and 30 min of reoxygenation (95% O-2, 5% CO2) was examined at differing stimulation rates (1, 12 and 60 stimuli/min). Since a change in inotropic state accompanies a change in cardiac rate, studies were carried out in two species with different force-frequency relationships over the heart rate range examined the rat and the guinea pig. Preparations were studied at the apices of their length tension curves while contracting isometrically 12 times a min at 28 degrees. At increasing stimulation rates, under oxygenated conditions, isometric tension fell in rat ventricular muscle while the reverse is true in the guinea pig. Despite the differing force frequency responses, both species demonstrated progressively poor performance during hypoxia at increasing stimulation rates. This was manifested by a more rapid and greater decline in mechanical activity, more severe contracture during hypoxia and and slower recovery upon reoxygenation. PMID- 1121500 TI - Migration of peripheral leukocytes in the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen. Studies in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine and carcinoma of the colon and pancreas (32568). AB - The leukocyte migration technique was employed to study in vitro cell-mediated immune responses to purified CEA in patients with Crohn's disease and active ulcerative colitis and in those with colonic and pancreatic carcinoma. No significant inhibition of leukocyte migration was demonstrated by CEA, with the exception of one patient with pancreatic carcinoma. Thus, with the leukocyte migration technique, no consistent in vitro cell-mediated immunity to CEA was demonstrated supporting the hypothesis that CEA is not the antigen toward which cell-mediated host response phenomena are directed. PMID- 1121501 TI - Efficiency of energy utilization by the Zucker hereditarily obese rat "fatty" (38569). AB - The hereditarily obese rat "fatty", with food intake restricted to approximately normal, laid down excessive fat at the rate of 0.56 g rat per day for up to 74 days on experiment, producing an energy denser, but lighter weight, carcass than the normal control. The "fatty" retained over 20% of the energy supplied, in its carcass, the control less than 10%. PMID- 1121502 TI - Failure to demonstrate circulating endotoxin in malaria (38572). AB - The possibility that endotoxin or an endotoxin-like substance plays a role in malaria has been suggested by the clinical similarity between human malaria and the febrile reaction to endotoxins, as well as the occurrence of endotoxin tolerance in humans infected with malaria. However, endotoxin or endotoxin-like activity was not demonstrable, using the Limulus test, in the plasma of humans or monkeys infected with plasmodia. The data indicate that the febrile paroxysm of malarial infection is not associated with detectable levels of endotoxin in the blood. PMID- 1121503 TI - Effect of hemoglobin and hematin on plasma clearance of hemopexin, photo inactivated hemopexin and albumin (38575). AB - The plasma half clearance time (T1/2) of isotope-labeled rabbit hemopexin was 35.5 plus or minus 1.9 hr in rabbits. After intra-and extra-vascular equilibration of 125I-hemopexin and 131I-albumin, injection of either hematin, hemoglobin or methemoglobin (12.5 mg of heme/kg body wt) resulted in the rapid removal of 60-80% of circulating hemopexin (T1/2 = 7.2 plus or minus 0.6 hr) but did not affect albumin catabolism. After selective photo-inactivation of hemopexin, the T1/2 of this hemopexin was comparable to that of the native molecule. However, its plasma disappearance curve was not appreciably affected by administration of hematin. These findings demonstrate that hemopexin is cleared and catabolized at an enhanced rate during states of plasma heme load, and that modification of critical histidine residues of hemopexin eliminates its biological function in plasma heme disposal. PMID- 1121504 TI - Transplacental passage of methylmercury and its uptake by primate fetal tissues (38576). AB - Radioactive methylmercury given to rhesus monkeys in late pregnancy crossed the placenta slowly from mother to fetus. The maternal-fetal ratio in both plasma and erythrocytes was as low as 10:1 serveral hours after maternal administration. Transfer from fetus to mother was even slower with the concentration gradient remaining above 25:1. Organic mercury was generally distributed throughout fetal tissues in a similar manner regardless of the routine of administration. The placenta and blood-brain barrier each appear to represent partial impediments to acute transfer of organic mercury, probably because of extensive erythrocyte binding. While the hemochorial placenta, by virtue of its limited permeability to organic mercury, appears to afford the fetus some degree of protection of acute mercury poisoning the fact that mercury moves out of the fetel circulation even more slowly than into it probably accounts for the fetal hazard with chronic exposure. PMID- 1121505 TI - In vivo hemolytic potency and binding of chlorpromazine to plasma protein and erythrocytes of rat and dog (38579). AB - It was demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis that dog red cells have a greater ability to bind chlorpromazine than rat red cells. Dog plasma was shown to have a greater ability to bind chlopromazine than rat plasma although this difference was not statistically significant. In the presence of CPZ (10-3M), the 50% hemolysis time of dog red cells suspended in homologous plasma or in 0.9% buffered NaCl solution was much greater than that of rat red cells treated in the same manner. The 50% hemolysis time of dog red cells suspended in homologous plasma was considerably shortened when they were suspended in rat plasma. Conversely, an increase in the 50% hemolysis time was obtained when rat red cells were suspended in dog plasma. Several possibilities for the slower rate of CPZ induced hemolysis of dog red cells as compared to rat has been discussed in the present report. PMID- 1121506 TI - The synthesis of tautine from sulfate VIII. The effect of potassium (38580). AB - The in vitro and in vivo influence of K+ on the activity of rat heart and liver PAPS-sulfotransferase (P1) was tested. The P1 activity was optimal with 0.5 mumoles K+ per mug protein. The P1 activity was decreased by mild dialysis and lost by extended dialysis. The enzyme was stable when dialyzed with K+ and tests with other ions indicated K+ specificity. Rats fed purified diets with low, normal or high levels of K+ had significantly different heart taurine concentrations and P1 specific activities. These P1 specific activities became comparable to those from the rats receiving the normal K+ diet by the addition of KCl to the assay mixture. PMID- 1121507 TI - Acute and chronic effects of sulpride on serum prolactin and gonadotropin levels in castrated male rats (38581). AB - The effect of the acute or chronic administration of sulpiride on serum prolactin and gonadotropin levels was studied in castrated male rats. Sulpiride administered in acute intravenous injections induced a quick increase in serum prolactin levels and no significant changes in serum gonadotropins. The peak in serum prolactin was observed 30 min after the injection of sulpiride, with a decrease of serum prolactin levels at 60 and 120 min. The subcutaneous administration of sulpiride for 13 days induced a significant increase in serum prolactin levels at the end of the treatment, and no significant changes in serum FSH and LH levels. PMID- 1121508 TI - Tongue lesions specific for diagnosis of myopathy in inbred Syrian hamsters (38586). PMID- 1121509 TI - Direct effects of hypoosmolality on vascular resistance and myocardial contractile force (38587). AB - Hemodialysis was used to study the direct effects of acute hypoosmolality upon the resistance to blood flow through the gracilis and coronary vascular beds and upon left ventricular contractile force in the dog. When sodium chloride was removed from the blood perfusing the gracilis vascular bed, resistance increased linearly over the range 300-225 mOsm/kg. A 10% decrease in osmolality produces a 20% increase in resistance. When the removed sodium dhloride was replaced with mannitol such that plasma osmolality did not change, resistance rose slightly but failed to regularly return to the control value. Hypoosmolality also raised coronary vascular resistance and this was associated with an increase in left ventricular force. Thus direct effects of hypoosmolality on peripheral vascular beds and perhaps myocardium may participate in the compensatory mechanisms that tend to stabilize blood pressure during hypoosmotic states such as acute salt depletion. PMID- 1121510 TI - The effects of prostaglandin E on fetal pulmonary vascular resistance (38588). AB - The effects of PGE on pulmonary vascular resistance were investigated in fetal goats using an isolated perfusion technique on otherwise intact unventilated lobes. PGE decreased perfusion pressure in the left pulmonary artery under conditions of monary vascular resistance by vasodilatation of tonically contracted vascular smooth muscle. In our preparation, intrapulmonary PGE infusion did not alter femoral arterial pressure which suggests that PGE is inactivated in the fetal lung. Implications for PGE in the newborn with respiratory distress and increased pulmonary vascular resistance are discussed. PMID- 1121511 TI - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in hibernating, hypothermic, and rewarming hamsters (38589). AB - Hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte 2,3-DPG concentrations were examined in normothermic control, hibernating, and helium-cold hypothermic hamsters. Hematocrit was not signigicantly different (P greater than 0.05) between groups, but did reflect alterations reported for hemoglobin. Hemoglobin concentration did not change from control values during 12 hr at Tre 7 degrees; however, approximately a 20% decrease occurred in hibernators (48 hrs) and animals hypothermic (24 hr). 2,3-DPG concentrations declined 39.1 and 33.9% from control values in the hibernating and 24 hr hypothermic groups, respectively. No change was observed in animals hypothermic for 12 hr. Both parameters were studied in the aroused animal. Hemoglobin returns to control values immediately after the animals reached a stable Tre approximately equal to 37 degrees. Although 2,3-DPG levels increased during arousal, they were still 10% lower than control values in both metabolically depressed groups. 2,3-DPG remained approximately 10% less than controls in rewarmed hypothermic animals studied 2 hr after reaching stable Tre approximately equal to 37 degrees. The data are discussed in terms of cold depression of erythrocyte glycolysis. PMID- 1121512 TI - Oxygen consumption in fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus (38590). AB - Oxygen consumption in fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus and descending aorta was studied after human umbilical artery tissue was used to standardize the technique. A steady state of oxygen consjmption persisted for 90-100 min after dissection, and a tissue dry weight of greater than 15 mg was necessary to obtain reliable data, necessitating pooling of rabbit fetal tissue from 25.75-26.5 day gestation had an oxygen consumption of 2.05 plus or minus 0.22 (4) mul oxygen/10 mg dry wt/hr, and at 27.5-29.5 it was 5.69 plus or minus 0.28 (7) (P less than 0.001). There was no change with gestational age in the oxygen consumption in the descending aorta (2.15 plus or minus 0.23 mul oxygen/10 mg dry wt/hr). PMID- 1121513 TI - Gelatin capsules in the pharmacopoeiae. PMID- 1121514 TI - [Hydrophilic cotton and the French pharmacopoeia]. PMID- 1121515 TI - Oxidative degradation of phenothiazines. Part I Identification of some degradation products of phenothiazine. PMID- 1121516 TI - The effect of particle size upon mixture homogeneity. PMID- 1121517 TI - Oxidative degradation of phenothiazines. II. Quantitative determination of phenothiazine and some degradation products. PMID- 1121518 TI - Rapid spectrophotometric determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in eye drops in presence of other drugs. PMID- 1121519 TI - Dissolution rate of commercial dosage form of quinidine sulfate. PMID- 1121520 TI - The role of physiology in human affairs. PMID- 1121521 TI - Women in the biosciences--a brief primer. PMID- 1121522 TI - Leaf alkaloids of Rauwolfia obscura. PMID- 1121523 TI - Pharmacochemical investigations of the raw materials from passiflora genus. 2. The pharmacochemical estimation of juices from the fruits of Passiflora edulis and Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa. PMID- 1121524 TI - The antibacterial properties of the buffer extracts of chewing sticks used in Nigeria. PMID- 1121525 TI - The isolation and characterisation of emetine alkaloid from Hedera helix. PMID- 1121526 TI - [Valepotriates in the leaves of Valeriana jatamansii (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121527 TI - An extractive-spectrophotometric method for the determination of nicotine. PMID- 1121528 TI - [The volatile oil of tissue cultures of Ruta graveolens L. I. The composition of the coil (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121529 TI - Constituents of local plants. XVIII. 28-hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, a new triterpenoid isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra. PMID- 1121530 TI - Psychopharmacological investigations of the 4-methoxyindole alkaloids of Alstonia venenata. PMID- 1121531 TI - A survey of ferns of Trinidad for antibacterial activity. PMID- 1121532 TI - A new method of preparation of deacetyl-lanatosides. PMID- 1121533 TI - Studies on the neutral consituents of Aragoa lucidula. PMID- 1121534 TI - Contribution to the knowledge of Nigerian medicinal plants. VI. Studies on the effect of precipitating reagents on some alkaloids. PMID- 1121535 TI - [Study of certain esters of the root of Centranthus ruber and the pharmacodynamic action of some galenic preparations thereout (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121536 TI - Student authoritarian attitudes and perspectives on university power structures. PMID- 1121537 TI - A-B type therapists and the authoritarian personality. PMID- 1121538 TI - Step-mother's model of identification in relation to mourning in the child. PMID- 1121539 TI - Susceptibility to boredom of jailers and law enforcement officers. PMID- 1121540 TI - Attitudes toward others and components of intenal-external locus of control. PMID- 1121541 TI - Relationship between psychosocial maturity and fear of appearing incompetent. PMID- 1121542 TI - Social anxiety and self-evaluation of interpersonal performance. PMID- 1121543 TI - Professional Machiavellian orientation, academic rank, and tenure. PMID- 1121544 TI - Latency to leave an elevated platform, activity in a dark chamber, and weight in aging Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 1121545 TI - Neuroticism and extraversion in responses to Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory. PMID- 1121546 TI - What are the relationships of quality patient care to nurses' performance, biographical and personality variables? PMID- 1121547 TI - Self-concept and suicide intent. PMID- 1121548 TI - Patients who schedule meetings with a state hospital review board. PMID- 1121549 TI - Credibility of sources of information about drugs. PMID- 1121550 TI - Diagnostic implications of WISC Digit Span scores. PMID- 1121551 TI - Suppression of headbanging on the ward. PMID- 1121552 TI - Alcoholism among parents of male and female alcoholics. PMID- 1121553 TI - Specific self-esteem and sexual permissiveness. PMID- 1121554 TI - Suicide and national holidays. PMID- 1121555 TI - Note on increase of social interaction of mental patients during a camp trip. PMID- 1121556 TI - Self-disclosure: an elaboration of its basic dimensions. PMID- 1121557 TI - Self-reports of group cohesion under high and low cooperation. PMID- 1121558 TI - I-E locus of control, selected Edwards Personal Preference Scales and task persistence. PMID- 1121559 TI - Clozapine--a potential antipsychotic agent without extrapyramidal manifestations. PMID- 1121560 TI - Rating session. Video taped interviews and BPRS ratings. PMID- 1121561 TI - Cardiac effects of imipramine hydrochloride in the elderly. PMID- 1121562 TI - Cardiac side effects and sudden death among psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 1121563 TI - EKG recordings and plasma potassium levels in patients treated with tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 1121564 TI - Ethical issues and subject protection in psychopharmacology research. PMID- 1121565 TI - Treatment for masked depression. PMID- 1121566 TI - Papers on psychopharmacology from the Norwegian literature--1956-1973. PMID- 1121568 TI - Swiss papers on psychopharmacology, 1973. PMID- 1121567 TI - Annotated bibliography from the Italian literature. PMID- 1121569 TI - CNS consequences of psychotropic drug withdrawal in autistic children: a follow up report. PMID- 1121570 TI - ECDEU (BPRS) and AMP (PAS) studies compared transculturally. PMID- 1121571 TI - The at risk quotient (ARQ). PMID- 1121572 TI - The frontiers of community medicine. PMID- 1121573 TI - Community medicine and geriatrics. PMID- 1121574 TI - Differences in dental attitudes and behaviour between West Midland mothers of various ethnic origins. PMID- 1121575 TI - Lifting injuries in ambulance crews. PMID- 1121576 TI - [Our experience with prognostic value of Peel et al index in patients with myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121577 TI - [Acute renal failure following incompatible blood transfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121578 TI - [Direct changes in duodenal papilla and cholangiography results in patients after sphincterotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121579 TI - [Effect of body weight reduction in obesity on insulin secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121580 TI - [Effect of giberelins on blastic transformation of lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121581 TI - [Effect of exocrine pancreas stimulation of haemostasis in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121582 TI - [Gastrin and histamine in the regulation of gastric secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121583 TI - [Pathophysiology of the immune system in kidney diseases]. PMID- 1121584 TI - [A case of retroperitoneal tumour treated surgically several times (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121585 TI - Letter: Nowa nomenklatura antygenu Australia. PMID- 1121586 TI - [Interference in fluorimetry of plasma 11-hydrocorticoids by carbamazepine]. PMID- 1121587 TI - [Kinetics of bromsulphalein in the non congujate hyperbilirubinemias]. PMID- 1121588 TI - [Metabolic capacity of the liver for drugs in hepatobiliary patients]. PMID- 1121589 TI - [Arthropathy of scleroderma]. PMID- 1121590 TI - [Value of hemodialysis in the treatment of acute poisoning by barbiturates]. PMID- 1121591 TI - [Deliberations on hemochromatosis. Apropos of 3 cases of idiopatic hemochromatosis]. PMID- 1121592 TI - [Treatment of peptic ulcer using sulpiride]. PMID- 1121593 TI - [Hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 1121594 TI - [Hereditary brachydactyly]. PMID- 1121595 TI - [Scimitar syndrome. Contribution of 2 cases]. PMID- 1121596 TI - [Treatment of hypercalciurias]. PMID- 1121597 TI - Angina pectoris and risk factors in the urban male population in the 6th decade. PMID- 1121598 TI - Incidence of acute ischaemic heart disease in Plzen. PMID- 1121599 TI - Renal potassium excretion in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. PMID- 1121601 TI - [Prostoperative tenosing esophagitis]. PMID- 1121600 TI - [Prevention of endemic goiter. Notes on current methods]. PMID- 1121602 TI - [Favorable effect of chloroquine on chronic refractory subaggressive hepatitis]. PMID- 1121603 TI - [On the so-called transpyloric prolapse of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 1121604 TI - [Differential clinical diagnosis of a tumor of the right hypochondrium associated with fistulized axillar adenitis]. PMID- 1121605 TI - [Migraine and the digestive system (clinical note)]. PMID- 1121606 TI - [Predisposed subjects and precursery lesions of gastric cancer]. PMID- 1121608 TI - [Chronic appendicitis. Diagnosis and clinical criteria]. PMID- 1121607 TI - [Leiomyomas of the small intestine. Considerations apropos of 3 observations]. PMID- 1121609 TI - [Postoperative gastritis, edema of the anastomosed opening]. PMID- 1121610 TI - [The value of clinical history in gastrointestinal pathology. Probable amebic pancreatic granuloma]. PMID- 1121611 TI - [Porcelain gallbladder. Personal experience]. PMID- 1121612 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia and acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 1121613 TI - [Choleperitoneum and biliary peritonitis]. PMID- 1121614 TI - [Giant intestinal leiomyoma]. PMID- 1121615 TI - [Metabolism of bilirubin. I. Origin of bilirubin. Circulation of bilirubin in the plasma]. PMID- 1121616 TI - [Distribution of physicians and medical education in Brazil: problems and solutions]. PMID- 1121617 TI - [Editorial: The present status of hyperosmolar coma]. PMID- 1121618 TI - [Accurate evaluation of renal plasma flow (rpf) with 2 samples of plasma after a single injection of hippuran I-131]. PMID- 1121619 TI - [Urinary tract infection after nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 1121620 TI - [Standardization of the leukocyte migration technic in dogs]. PMID- 1121621 TI - [Anemia in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 1121622 TI - [The eligibility of surgical treatment in cerebral palsy and causes for inelegibility. Critical study of 900 cases]. PMID- 1121623 TI - [Instructions on the aspects of scimitar syndrome and its variation forms]. PMID- 1121624 TI - [Temporary hepatic care. 3. Technic of hepatetectomy and lavage through isolation perfusion of the swine liver]. PMID- 1121625 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophageal stenosis caused by progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 1121626 TI - [Editorial: The Hospital das Clinicas: present and future]. PMID- 1121627 TI - [Integral health care in the Hospital das Clinicas of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 1121628 TI - [Data processing in the Hospital das Clinicas]. PMID- 1121629 TI - [Psychiatric clinic of the Hospital das Clinicas: future and present expansions]. PMID- 1121630 TI - [The heart institute]. PMID- 1121631 TI - [The Institute of Ambulatory Care at the Hospital das clinicas]. PMID- 1121632 TI - [The Hospital das Clinicas complex in the seventies--diagnosis and prognosis]. PMID- 1121633 TI - Blood and urine gold levels during chrysotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In this study the value of undertaking routine blood and urine estimations was assessed in relation to achieving maximum efficacy and safety in chrysotherapy. It was found that a favourable response to gold was forthcoming in approximately two-thirds of patients and occurred irrespective of the patients' disease duration or severity, or the mean serum gold level or the mean urinary gold excretion, estimated immediately before the next gold injection was due. The presence of rheumatoid nodules and the patients' advancing age were associated with a less favourable clinical response to gold. Those patients who derived a marked benefit from chrysotherapy did so significantly earlier in their course than those who derived only moderate benefit. A frequent correlation was seen in individual patients between serum gold levels and urinary gold excretion. This was most marked in those patients showing a favourable response to gold. PMID- 1121634 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in rheumatic diseases. AB - In an earlier study, the mean plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was found to be significantly higher than that of normal, control subjects. Levels of CEA in patients with seronegative RA and ankylosing spondylitis, however, did not differ from normal. In this study it was shown that the mean CEA level of 16 patients with Sjogren's syndrome was also significantly higher than normal (P equals 0.001), whereas in a group of 23 children with Still's disease the mean level fell within the normal adult range. Despite the apparent association between rheumatoid factor and raised plasma CEA, no correlation was found between titre of rheumatoid factor and CEA levels. Gel filtration studies indicated that the CEA in rheumatoid arthritis was of a similar molecular weight to that found in cancer of the colon and that there was minimal contribution by the known cross reacting antigen CCEA2. The mean CEA level in rheumatoid synovial fluids was found to be significantly higher than in osteoarthrotic fluids. A preliminary study has also shown that CEA can be extracted from rheumatoid synovial membranes but was not detected in a normal synovium, further indicating that the source of this antigen in RA may be the inflamed synovium. PMID- 1121635 TI - Ankylosing rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The study concerns the clinical, haematological, serological, radiological and histocompatibility antigenic status of eleven in-patients suffering from long standing sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis at the Royal Hospital and Home for Incurables in London. The study revealed a striking degree of widespread bony ankylosis affecting the peripheral joints and cervical spine. In large part, this bony ankylosis accounted for the disability but it is considered that the cervical spine ankylosis may protect the spinal cord from damage. The absence of the histocompatability antigen HLA 27 is a useful pointer in the exclusion of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Despite the clinical impression that the disease was inactive, the elevated sedimentation rate (23-66, mean 41 mm) suggests that the rheumatoid process remains active. PMID- 1121636 TI - Vertical atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In a prospective survey of 476 hospital in-patients with rheumatoid arthritis, vertical atlanto-axial subluxation (AAL) was found in 13 patients (3.7 per cent). All were women with severe rheumatoid arthritis. Neurological signs were found in ten patients, and in seven they appeared to be due to vertical AAL. The signs caused by vertical AAL were diminished pain and temperature sensation in the upper divisions of the trigeminal nerve, sensory loss in the areas supplied by C2, nystagmus and pyramidal lesions. Disabling involvement due to vertical AAL was not found although it may occur and the lesion may be fatal. The lower cervical spine was involved in all patients and severe lesions were seen in nine. The most severe neurological lesions appeared to be due to subaxial subluxation. Corticosteroid therapy may have been a contributing factor in four patients. PMID- 1121637 TI - Preliminary studies in measuring range of motion in normal and painful stiff shoulders. AB - This study has been prompted by the need to provide basic data for prospective studies in the management of the painful stiff shoulder. We have used a hydrogoniometric technique of proven accuracy to measure passive movement at the gleno-humeral joint in a normal population, patients currently attending with a painful stiff shoulder, and a retrospective group. We have shown that there are significant age and sex differences in the range of motion of normal and affected groups. A significant number (42 per cent) of patients had persisting limitation of range of the gleno-humeral joint six years after the onset of the disability. The study indicates the importance of matching patients for age and sex, and the need for long-term follow-up for meaningful results. PMID- 1121638 TI - N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase activity in synovial fluid. AB - N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in the synovial fluid of different articular diseases was studied and statistical investigations were carried out after logarithmic transformation of the data. The enzyme activity in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis is increased when compared with osteoarthrosis and traumatic effusions. The enzyme activity in traumatic effusions is also increased in comparison with osteoarthrosis. A linear relation was found between the enzyme activity in cell-free fluid and the polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) count in rheumatoid arthritis osteoarthrosis and in miscellaneous synovitis. The activity per PMN cell was determined and found to be relatively constant in the synovial fluid of inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, chondrocalcinosis, miscellaneous synovitis). The N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity per PMN cell in serum was found to be significantly lower than in synovial fluid. PMID- 1121639 TI - Chromosomal damage after intra-articular injection of different colloids of yttrium 90. AB - Chromosomal damage to circulating lymphocytes occurs following injection of intra articular radio-isotopes. Differences in the degree of chromosomal damage have been shown with various colloidal forms of yttrium 90, and the severity of these changes has been shown to correlate with the degree of leakage of radio-isotope to the draining lymph node rather than with whole-body irradiation. The long-term significance of these changes is not yet known, but it is clearly prudent to use the colloidal form least associated with chromosomal damage. PMID- 1121640 TI - [Increase of volume of the adenohypophysis in chick embryos (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121641 TI - [Effect of age, potassium and calcium in the medium on the oxygen consumption in different compartments of the CNS of the rat during development (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121642 TI - [Change in the survival half-time of erythrocyte during acute radiation sickness (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121643 TI - [Qualitative changes of haemoglobin in rats subjected to whole-body irradiation with 600 R (authors transl)]. PMID- 1121644 TI - On the fate of DNA synthesizing lymphoid blood cells in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Autotransfusions of the DNA synthesizing blood cells from 2-2.5 liters of blood, labelled in vitro with 3H-thymidine, were performed in 2 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The fate of the labelled lymphoid cells was followed up for 5 min to 60 h in the circulating blood and occasionally in the lymph node tissue. The data indicate that 1) circulating DNA synthesizing large lymphoid cells leave the blood in less than 2 h; 2) they produce by mitosis large and medium sized lymphocytes, which mainly appear in blood and lymph nodes and 3) their generation time, in agreement with other estimates, is about 25 h. PMID- 1121645 TI - Heterogeneous nuclear rna from lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: adenylate-rich and double-stranded regions. AB - Rapidly labelled high molecular weight nuclear RNA from lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was analysed for ribonuclease-stable adenylate-rich and double-stranded regions. The polyadenylate content corresponds to 0.4-0.5 percent and the content of double-stranded sequences to 2-4 percent of the total nucleotides. Partial association of polyadenylate segments with double-stranded regions was found by comparative analysis of (3H)-adenosine and (3H)-uridine labelled ribonuclease-stable RNA before and after thermal denaturation. Comparison with normal lymphocytes shows lower proportions of polyadenylate containing RNA binding to poly(U)-Sepharose in leukaemia cells than in normals. Partial degradation of rapidly labelled high molecular weight RNA was found in leukaemia cases with low white cell counts. PMID- 1121646 TI - The effect of adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline and salbutamol on the resting levels of white blood cells in man. AB - Adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline and salbutamol were infused at the rate of 7 mug/min for 30 min into 5 healthy subjects. Pulse rates showed a marked increase after isoprenaline, a moderate increase after adrenaline and salbutamol, and a consistent decrease after noradrenaline. The total leucocyte counts increased in response to adrenaline and noradrenaline but remained unchanged after isoprenaline and salbutamol. The absolute lymphocyte counts showed significant increases after all the four agonists. Neutrophils increased in response to adrenaline and noradrenaline but remained unchanged after isoprenaline and salbutamol. 'Stress' lymphocyte counts rose in response to adrenaline, isoprenaline and salbutamol but not to noradrenaline. From these and other reported observations it is suggested that both alpha- and beta-receptors are involved in the mobolization of lymphocytes, while neither has any specific role in the mobilization of neutrophils. PMID- 1121647 TI - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of stomach. AB - A single case of gastric plasmacytoma showing unusual clinical and pathological features is described. The patient had gluten sensitive enteropathy, and showed increased circulating IgA levels prior to gastrectomy. Progression of the disease was associated with both K and L light chain proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, and vasopressin resistant polyuria. Pathological investigation revealed the coexistence of IgA secreting soft tissue plasmacytoma, with IgG secreting myeloma. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 1121648 TI - The interaction of the protein and phospholipid components of tissue thromboplastin (factor III) with the factors VII and X. AB - The protein and phospholipid components of tissue thromboplastin have been isolated and their interactions with factor VII and factor Xa have been studied by gel filtration, centrifugation and heat inactivation. As expected, the phospholipid fraction bound both factors in the presence of Ca2+. No evidence for an interaction of apoprotein III with factor VII or Xa was obtained. PMID- 1121649 TI - Folic acid deficiency in sickle cell anaemia. AB - Megaloblastic anaemia responding to folic acid has been reported in a number fo patients with sickle cell anaemia. The incidence of reduced serum and erythrocyte folate levels in such patients remains unclear, however. Serum and erythrocyte folate contents were measured microbiologically in patients with sickle cell anaemia as well as in two control groups with sickle cell trait or normal haemoglobin pattern. Low serum and erythrocyte folate values were significantly more common in 61 sickle-cell patients than in each of the two socio-economically matched control groups including 61 subjects with Hb AS and 69 blacks with Hb AA. There was no correlation between serum folate and haematocrit or reticulocyte count. The erythrocyte folate, measured before and after removal of reticulocytes, remains a reliable indicator of deficiency of folic acid in sickle cell patients despite variable degrees of reticulocytes. Folate therapy resulted in higher haematocrits in three of four sickle-cell patients with low serum and low erythrocyte folate values, but in only one of 12 patients with low serum folate and normal erythrocyte folate. These findings are consistent with other observations that folate requirement may be increased in chronic haemolytic disorders and suggest that erythrocyte folate values should be obtained in sickle cell patients suspected of having folate deficiency. PMID- 1121650 TI - [Diagnosis of pyloro-duodenal ulcer by means of radiology and endoscopy]. AB - Study of 100 cases of duodenal ulcer has revealed disagreement between radiologic and endoscopic findings. In 20 percent of cases the disagreement was minor (e.g. deformed duodenum - ulcer, deformed duodenum - scar, etc.). In 5 percent of cases they were major (e.g. normal - ulcer). The percentage of discrepancies, which were to the advantage of endoscopy, was lower than in the reports of JENNI and KAWAI, probably because our heterogeneous radiologic material was reviewed beforehand by two radiologists. The specific merit of endoscopy is that it makes it possible to observe superficial and sub-radiologic lesions of the mucosa, localize the ulcer with greater precision and detect deformation of the pylorus. Radiology affords better evidence of certain deformations. PMID- 1121651 TI - [Treatment of early syphilis under conditions of penicillin intolerance]. AB - In the presence of penicillin allergy early syphilis can be treated with tetracyclines, erythromycin and thiamphenicol. Treatment with semisynthetic penicillins or cephalosporins should not be attempted in view of possible cross sensitivity. From comparison of different antibiotic treatment schedules in the literature a time-dose relationship seems evident: within therapeutic limits, treatment with a high daily dose of antibiotic requires a relatively short duration, and vice versa. Results of various treatment schedules with different antibiotics suggest that preference should be given to doxycycline by oral route, 100 mg twice daily for 12 days. PMID- 1121652 TI - [Radiology within the framework of general medicine]. AB - The concept of radiology as an independent basic discipline in medicine has provided a forceful stimulus for the development of this branch of medicine. Due to possible hazards the task of administering ionizing radiation to human subjects should in principle be in the hands of the medical radiologist. Medical radiology must assume the trusteeship for human genetics in the field of ionizing radiation. Although the doubling of the genetically significant dose in Switzerland from 22.3 mr in 1957 to 42.9 mr in 1971 is still within acceptable limits, extreme caution is required. If appropriate precautions are taken,the danger can be controlled without loss of medical effectiveness. The measures involve not only technical aspects; education directed at the thinking of the physicians concerned is also deemed essential. Radiologic procedures will become even more efficient as training is improved and as estensive coordination with other medical disciplines is achieved. Special attention must be paid to the shortage of trained radiologists and technical personnel. PMID- 1121653 TI - [Clinical and experimental contribution to the pathogenesis of acute life threatening incidents following neck anesthesia]. PMID- 1121654 TI - [T-infarct in exercise electrocardiography]. AB - In a study of 60 patients with negative T-waves in the ECG following a first myocardial infarction it was found that during milk to moderate exercise the T wave vector turned towards normal in 36. It is assumed that during exercise the T vector points towards the region of maximum ischemia, i.e. the border of the recent infarction. The conclusion is drawn that unexpected transitory normalization of the T-wave after myocardial infarction means "worse" not "better". It is recommended that follow-up ECGs after myocardial infarction should always be taken at complete rest. PMID- 1121655 TI - [Multiple leiomyomatous hamartoma of the lungs]. AB - Leiomyomatous hamartomas of the lungs are very rare lesions. As far as we know only 14 cases (including ours) have been published so far. In contrast to chondromatous hamartomas, they are exclusively found in women and as a rule are multiple. They are frequently an incidental finding in chest roentgenograms, where they appear as multiple round nodules which are often mistaken for metastases. However, as these lesions remain virtually the same size for long observation periods, differentiation is easily possible. This fact is well shown in our patient, in whom multiple nodules in the lungs were diagnosed at the age of 45 years and observed over a period of 35 years. They were first identified as leiomyomatour hamartomas at autopsy. No therapy is indicated as these lesions have no tendency to become malignant and only rarely and insignificantly interfere with respiratory function. Thoracotomy with biopsy for histological diagnosis is however indicated, since only thus can metastases be definitely ruled out. PMID- 1121656 TI - [Measurement of carbohydrate oxidation by means of indirect continuous calorimetry in normal and diabetic subjects]. AB - The use of continuous indirect calorimetry in the course of a 100 g OGTT in 10 normal subjects has shown that carbohydrate oxidation rises with the secondary fall in blood glucose, suggesting that it could result from glucose stored under the influence of insulin. The experimental increase in FFA by a neutral fat infusion in 8 normal subjects decreased this oxidation in spite of the insulin rise. In a group of 5 non-obese, non-ketotic insulin-deficient diabetics, carbohydrate oxidation was found to be normal and directly correlated with plasma glucose levels. On the other hand, in 7 obese diabetics with high plasma insulin levels carbohydrate oxidation was found to be low, suggesting that carbohydrate intolerance could result from the non-oxidation of glucose. This study shows heterogeneity of diabetes, since glucose intolerance could result from non oxidation of glucose as well as from insufficient pancreatic secretion. PMID- 1121657 TI - [Possibilities and limits of pre-therapeutic neoplasm sensitivity cytostatics tests under short-term conditions]. AB - The following cytostatic agents were tested for activity in vivo and in vitro inWalker carcinosarcoma 256 of the rat: cyclophosphamide, triaziquon, 5 fluorouracil, methotrexate, adriamycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, hydroxyurea, procarbazin and vincritine. With the exception of vincristine, the results of therapy in vivo could be predicted by using a rapid in vitro test system. This involved, for cyclosphosphamide, triaziquon, adriamycin, and daunorubicin, the measurement of 3H-uridine or 3H-thymidine incorporation. The activities of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil could be determined from 3H-deoxyuridine incorporation and that of dactinomycin from 3H-uridine incorporation. The results of short-term tests (uring adriamycin, daunorubicin, and dactinomycin) in roughly 100 human tumors were compared with data in the literature on therapy with the same cytostatic agents. Good agreement was found between the results of in vitro tests and the literature data on clinical therapy. PMID- 1121658 TI - [Incidence of medullary thyroid gland carcinoma in unilateral and bilateral pheochromocytoma]. AB - In the autopsy material of the Departments of Pathology in Zurich and Winterthur the frequency of cases with unilateral or bilateral pheochromocytoma and combinations of pheochromocytoma with additional medullary thyroid carcinoma with amyloid has been studied. 56 cases (0.084 percent) of pheochromocytoma, 50 unilateral and 6 bilateral, were found in a material of 66782 autopsies. Three of the 6 patients with bilateral pheochromocytomas had an additional medullary thyroid carcinoma with amyloid deposits, while no patient with unilateral pheochromocytoma exhibited this type of thyroid tumor. In families with Sipple's syndrome, however, combinations of unilateral pheochromocytoma with medullary thyroid carcinoma do occur. No typical coincidence of pheochromocytoma with other malignant tumors could be demonstrated in our material, although this possibility is discussed in the literature. PMID- 1121659 TI - [Procedure to be followed in cases of suspected changes diagnosed by means of mammography]. AB - As a rule the diagnosis of larger focal lesions of the breast can be easily confirmed by biopsy. Intraoperative localization is more difficult, however, in lesions of below 5 mm diameter as measured by mammography or malignant alterations only indirectly indicated by mammography. Experience to date in 64 patients shows that specimen radiography provides immediate confirmation of large lesions detected by mammography and localizes the area for histologic examination. So far it has been found that precisely those biopsies that are performed as a result of indirect signs of malignancy or of small lesions are the most valuable contributing factor in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID- 1121660 TI - [New procedure in the diagnosis of maldigestion. Studies with 3-H palmitic acid and 14-C tripalmitate in normal subjects and patients with chronic pancreatitis]. AB - 3H-palmitic acid and 14C-tripalmitate dissolved in 1.0 g indian corn oil/kg body weight were administered to 29 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 25 control subjects. For the following 8 h 3H and 14C radioactivity in serum lipids and 14CO2 in expired air were measured at 2-hour intervals. Triglyceride absorption was significantly lowered in the pancreatitis group, while the wide dispersion in healthy subjects precluded reliable information on 14C-triglyceride absorption alone in individual cases. When related to palmitic acid absorption, however, reduced triglyceride absorption was much more evident and could be clearly demonstrated in 21 of the 29 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Since none of them had severe pancreatic insufficiency, the new double isotope method presented here appears to offer a very sensitive means of detecting maldigestion or slowed triglyceride hydrolysis. Compared with the 3H-fatty acid absorption, a relatively reduced triglyceride absorption was found in many cases without steatorrhea or otherwise demonstrable pancreatic insufficiency. Additional measurement of 14CO2 appears to be worthless, since in our patients specific activity of 14CO2 in the expired air was not reduced even in cases with mild steatorrhea. PMID- 1121661 TI - [Medical and psychological problems relating to emergency shelters in case of war]. AB - Modern warfare requires protection of the entire civilian population, and a main feature of Swiss planning is the provision of adequate shelter space for every inhabitant. The medical and psychologic problems of prolonged shelter living are considered, with reference to the literature on experience in other countries. The study centers on description of a shelter occupancy experiment. 25 men with an average age of 37 years spent 7 days in a closed shelter during the hottest part of the year. Floor space was 1.2 m2 and room volume 2.5 m3 per person. The experiment revealed that in-shelter climatic conditions remained tolerable. Initially several members of the group suffered from insomnia and nausea, while sleep disturbances, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms also occurred in the course of the stay. Daily self-rating of condition with appropriate scales showed a positive correlation of "irritability" with air humidity and a negative correlation of "vitality" with room temperature. Good shelter management and a trained leader are essential prerequisites for prolonged shelter occupancy. PMID- 1121662 TI - [Physiopathology of accidental drowning]. AB - The first phase of accidental drowning begins with asphyxia, due to either laryngospasm (10-15 percent of cases) or water aspiration. The second phase is characterized by water and electrolyte changes in the blood. The physiopathological modifications caused by drowning in fresh water differ from those of drowning in sea water. The hypotonic fresh water quickly diffuses in the bloodstream. The consequences are, in many cases, hypervolemia with pulmonary edema, hemolysis, hyperkalemia with risk of ventricular fibrillation, diminution of hemoglobin, and a relative decrease in plasma concentration of Na, Cl, Ca, and albumin. Further, inactivation and washing out of the anti-atelectasis factor from the alveoli by fresh water facilitate the formation of atelectasis. In cases of accidental drowing in sea water the osmotic gradient is in inverse: the electrolytes of aspirated salt water diffuse in the circulation, whereas the blood serum and the plasma albumin pass into the alveoli. Acute pulmonary edema often follows these pathological changes. Hypovolemia with circulatory collapse, hemoconcentration with rise in hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium, potassium and albumin, and, finally, an elevated risk of thromboembolism due to increased blood viscosity, represent further complications. On the other hand, ventricular fibrillation is rare, hemolysis is absent and atelectasis usually does not occur. PMID- 1121663 TI - [Skeletal scintigraphy. Its diagnostic possibilities and indications as compared to x-ray studies]. AB - The properties of bone-seeking nucleids in current use are reviewed and the diagnostic potentialities of skeletal scintigraphy discussed. Osseous lesions are recognized earlier on bone scans than on roentgenograms. They are more precisely delimited and the possibility of healing can be evaluated. Roentgenographic bone survey should be replaced by whole body scans, but since a positive scintigraphic finding may be caused by different osseous processes, a specific roentgenographic check is necessary. The indication for bone scanning has been widened and depends on the clinical situation or on previous X-ray findings. PMID- 1121664 TI - [The consumption of alcohol, drugs and the smoking habits of 4,082 healthy young Swiss men as evidenced by a random study]. AB - By means of written questionnaires and (with every third or fourth subject, selected at random) standardized interviews, 4082 recruits from various regions of Switzerland were asked about their alcohol and drug consumption and smoking habits in civilian life. To estimate the consumption pattern during military training all recruits still available towards the end of military service (64.3 percent) were questioned again regarding intake of alcohol, tobacco and drugs during military service. The inquiry showed that in civilian life only 10.4 percent were alcohol abstainers, 39.8 percent were non-smokers and 77 percent had no drug experience. 8.6 percent reported a weekly alcohol consumption of more than 350 g alcohol 100 percent (an amount corresponding to 9 1 beer, 41/2 1 wine, 1 1 brandy), 17.4 percent had smoked more than 24 g tobacco per day (corresponding to more than 24 cigarettes daily), and 10.6 percent had taken drugs more than 6 times in their lives. The study was also designed to demonstrate the relations between family or socioeconomic data and intake of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. It was found that French and Italian speaking recruits indicated a higher alcohol consumption, that the lower socioeconomic class was exposed to be greater risk with regard to alcohol and tobacco consumption and the separately interviewed group of pupils to the greatest risk of drug experinece. Sons of divorced or separated parents, of parents married after the subject's birth or of parents who are heavy alcohol, tobacco or medicament consumers represent a higher percentage among the highest consumption class for alcohol, tobacco and drugs than subjects who had grown up in stable families or whose parents had been non-consumers or only moderate consumers of alcohol, tobacco or drugs. Finally, a correlation was also found between use of leisure time and alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption. It was in the groups of recruits who spent their spare time rather passively that the highest percentage of subjects in the upper consumption classes for alcohol, tobacco and drugs was observed. During military training consumption patterns withregard to alcohol and tobacco hardly changed, and only a small number of subjects (7.7 percent of 2587) took drugs during this time. PMID- 1121665 TI - [Early diagnosis of lung cancer]. AB - 268 patients with suspected lung cancer were examined over the period 1 January 1972 to 31 May 1974. On the basis of the 735 investigations performed, a 6-8 h workup program has been established including physical and functional examination, standard X-rays and hilar tomography, endoscopy and biopsy for cytologic or histologic study. Several biopsy technics are described and their indications tabulated according to their efficiency in relation to the radiologic aspect of the lesion. The number of cases and the yield for each technic are summarized in Table 2. PMID- 1121667 TI - [Functional changes in embryonal heart]. AB - Intracardiac pressure in the developing chick was measured throughout the embryonic and fetal period. Amplitude and heart rate were used to estimate cardiac output and power of the heart. In addition, the cardiac performance per milligram dry weight was calculated. Initially, the cardiac tube displays a peristaltic movement which results in a continuous pressure within the vascular lumen. Switch to rhythmic atrial and ventricular contractions occurs between the 6th and the 9th developmental day. This change is directly correlated with differentiation of the conduction system. The simultaneous formation of the cardiac septa and valves is of only minor importance for this change in function. Between the 4.5th and 5.5th day, functional development is found to halt temporarily. This could be due to the enormous growth of the extra-embryonic vascular network. During this period, the risk of damage to the embryo by endogenous or exogenous factors is highest. In the human embryo, this developmental stage corresponds to the period between the 28th and 34th day. After this change in function the heart is able to build up a reserve of power, since it has less work to perform per unit weight. PMID- 1121666 TI - [Behcet's disease and toxic megacolon]. AB - The gastrointestinal symptoms of Behcet's disease are ancillary manifestations of this disorder reflected principally in the form of diarrhea, abdominal pain, meteorism, nausea, and loss of appetite. If radiological changes can be detected they generally appear as dilatation of the small intestine or ulceration at different levels of the digestive tract. In our patient the intestinal symptoms started with dilation of the ileum and then toxic megacolon developed. At later follow-up examinations the radiological picture resembled Crohn's disease and ischemic colitis of the entire organ. It has been repeatedly, and wrongly, stated that there is an association between Behcet's disease and Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Rather, it should be assumed that the intestinal manifestations of Behcet's disease correspond to those of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis without these diseases being actually present. The evolution towards toxic megacolon may be the consequence of a transmural infection across the colonic wall deriving from the mucosal ulcerations of colon and sigmoid, and proves that toxic megacolon is not a pecific complication of ulcerative colitis but may appear in the course of any acute inflammatory ulcerative lesion of the colonic wall. PMID- 1121668 TI - [Methylphenidat (Ritalin) as a psychotropic drug in children with minimal brain dysfunction and epilepsy]. AB - In the USA children with minimal brain dysfunction and with epilepsy have been treated with stimulants for some years now, whereas this type of treatment is not current in Switzerland and western Germany. The problems of treatment with amphetamines in children are discussed on the basis of 2 years' experience with methylphenidate (Ritalin). In children with minimal brain dysfunction methylphenidate acts against excessive motor and affective impulsivity and inability to concentrate. In epileptic children amphetamines act against drowsiness or irritability. There is no danger of addiction in the pediatric age group. No toxic side effects occur, except for growth inhibition when high doses of amphetamines are administered. Drug interaction with anticonvulsants occurs only in the case of hydantoins. Methylphenidate is given in 1-3 daily doses; treatment is commenced with small doses, and after 2-4 days the dosage is increased until behaviour changes. Dosage must be adapted to the individual, the recommended daily dose being 0.3-1.0 mg/kg. Depressive or autistic behaviours are symptoms of overdosage. In childhood treatment with amphetamines should be considered only if other types of treatment have failed. drug therapy should be accompanied by continuous advice to parents on educational and school problems. It should not be attempted if the parents are not wholly reliable. PMID- 1121669 TI - Precision of radioimmunoassay with emphasis on curve-fitting procedures. AB - Direct curve-fitting methods using a digital computer have been employed to analyze the calibration curves of commercial kits for the assay of digoxin, digitoxin, insulin, B12, and renin activity (angiotensin). Inconsistencies have been revealed that suggest some improvements in the commercial kits are desirable. It is not suggested that the use of these kits would yield data of uncertain clinical value, but it is suggested that improvements in consistency would enhance the clinical utility. PMID- 1121670 TI - Radiolabeling of antigens: procedures and assessment of properties. AB - The role of labeled tracers in radioimmunoassay procedures (RIA) and the advantages of the iodine-labeled antigens over 14C or tritium-labeled antigens are discussed. Different methods of labeling with iodine isotopes are presented. The ease with which microgram amounts of hormonal proteins are tagged, achieving high specific activity with the chloramine-T procedure of Hunter and Greenwood, is indicated in a detailed presentation of a typical procedure. More sophisticated methods that present none of the drawbacks of the chemical oxidation methods for iodination would seem to have greater versatility, resulting in labeled antigens with better immunologic properties. These are likely to come into vogue for many inhouse preparations of labeled antigens in the next few years. The iodination procedures developed for haptenic substances have extended the usefulness of the RIA method to many steroidal hormones and have helped to achieve a limit of detectability at picogram levels. Greater specificity has also resulted. The assessment of the properties of the labeled antigens is equally important, and methods to evaluate the parameters of purity, immunoreactivity, specific activity as well as storage, are discussed. This review is intended to serve as an introduction to the radiolabeling of antigens or haptens. A thorough appreciation of the problems and pitfalls in these procedures is essential for the development of a new RIA or adaptation of a well studied method for routine use. PMID- 1121671 TI - Evaluation of commercial radioimmunoassay kits. AB - By means of kits, RIA and competitive binding assays are beginning to fulfill their great clinical potential. The reliability of these kits is still difficult to assess. The great variety of assayable substances and differing methods prevent any standard approach to kit analysis. Nevertheless there are means of evaluating many features of RIA kits. More important even than the necessary reproducibility of assays are the means of testing for (1) tracer-specific activity, maximal bindability, damage, and free iodine; (2) assay sensitivity; (3) antisera stability, cross-reactivity, ability to measure plasma zero values, ability to accurately measure serial plasma dilutions; (4) comparability of standard curve slopes from assay to assay. Separation techniques need proper standardization. Correction for incubation damage is recommended. It is necessary to insist on reasonable precise manufacturer's specifications as to antibody specificity and sensitivity. Knowledge of RIA in general and each assay in particular adds to the usefulness of the results obtained in the laboratory. PMID- 1121672 TI - [Too much spare time?]. PMID- 1121673 TI - [Protective and safety measures in the inspection of aviation accidents. 2]. PMID- 1121674 TI - [Leading symptom: ulcus cruris. From the symptom to the diagnosis of "varicose ulcer"]. PMID- 1121675 TI - [A case of Valoron-dependence]. PMID- 1121676 TI - [Treatment of bacterial and mycotic skin infections in intertriginous spaces]. PMID- 1121677 TI - [Zyloric-300]. PMID- 1121678 TI - [Oral glucose tolerance test using 100 g of glucose and 100 g of oligosaccarides]. PMID- 1121679 TI - [Quality control in the medical laboratory]. PMID- 1121680 TI - [Search for a snail species in Laos]. PMID- 1121681 TI - [Sleep and its disorders]. PMID- 1121682 TI - [Human experimentation]. PMID- 1121683 TI - [Limbic structures and emotions--Psychosurgery. A review]. PMID- 1121684 TI - [Mechanisms of EEG rhythms]. PMID- 1121685 TI - [Denervation and reinnervation of muscle]. PMID- 1121686 TI - [Musical consonance preference in man elucidated by animal experiments]. PMID- 1121687 TI - [Liver biopsy, its contribution to clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 1121688 TI - [Polypoid lesions of the colon. Patologic-anatomic and therapeutic aspect]. PMID- 1121689 TI - [CO2 breath test. A new diagnostic method in diseases of the small intestine]. PMID- 1121690 TI - [Experiences with standardized blood test requisitioning in the Institutt for Almenmedisin, Oslo]. PMID- 1121691 TI - [Urinary tract antiseptics]. PMID- 1121692 TI - [Diphenoxylate--Retardin--poisoning in children]. PMID- 1121693 TI - [Drug interactions and general practitioners]. PMID- 1121694 TI - [Bureaucracy or cancer research? Industrial welfare or peace at the working place?]. PMID- 1121695 TI - [Letter: mortality in Norway]. PMID- 1121696 TI - [Letter: Benzidine in feces once more]. PMID- 1121697 TI - [Letter: Chiropractic, manual medicine and abuse of physical treatment]. PMID- 1121698 TI - [Relationship between the health of horses and feeding rations consisting of pelleted concentrates alone. I. Zootechnical aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121699 TI - [Skin leucosis in a cow(author's transl)]. PMID- 1121700 TI - [What is your diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121701 TI - Long-term effects of dietary amaranth in rats. I. Effects on reproduction. PMID- 1121702 TI - Long-term effects of dietary amaranth in rats. II. Effects on fetal development. PMID- 1121703 TI - The absorption, distribution, and excretion of [14C]nitrosoproline by rats. PMID- 1121704 TI - The influence of dietary chloride on bromide excretion in the rat. PMID- 1121705 TI - Percutaneous absorption and metabolism of Irgasan DP300. PMID- 1121706 TI - Toxicity of aerosol propellants in the respiratory and circulatory systems V. ventricular function in the dog. PMID- 1121707 TI - Influence of blood storage in glass or plastic bottles on the induction of chromosomal abnormalities by x-irradiation. PMID- 1121708 TI - Assessment of the teratogenic potential of surfactants. Part I-Las, AS and CLD. PMID- 1121709 TI - Summary of the Seventh International Salzburg Conference on Cerebral Vascular Disease, September 25-29, 1974. PMID- 1121710 TI - Positive scans in angiographically proved cases of recanalized cerebral infarction. AB - In 20 patients with acute major cerebral arterial occlusion, follow-up angiograms were obtained to inspect the occluded artery. These angiograms were compared with brain scans in the fourth week after the stroke. The angiograms revealed that frequent recanalization of the occluded arteries occurred within a week after the onset. On the other hand, brain scans showed the increased uptake of radioisotopes even in the patients with angiographically demonstrated arterial recanalization. The present study clarified that positive scans could be obtained in the patients with and without recanalization, and emphasized the diagnostic value of brain scans in the subacute or chronic stage of cerebral infarction, especially in patients with no arterial occlusion appearing on the angiograms. PMID- 1121711 TI - Brain scanning in cerebral vascular disease: a reappraisal. AB - The frequency of abnormal brain scans in patients with cerebral vascular disease admitted to a stroke intensive care unit has been evaluated in relation to diagnosis, time after onset of symptoms, effect of delayed imaging and the degree of clinical neurological recovery. In patients with completed thromboembolic infarction, 33% had abnormal scans including 39% of those with hemispheric lesions and 14% with posterior fossa lesions. Completed hemorrhagic infarction occurred in seven patients, and three (43%) had abnormal brain scans. Of 14 patients with either transient ischemic attacks or reversible ischemic neurological deficit, two (14%) had abnormal scans. Twenty-seven percent of brain scans in patients with completed thromboembolic infarction were abnormal in the first two days after infarction, a higher frequency than previously reported. Delayed images confirmed the initial interpretation that the scan was either normal or abnormal in 71% of the cases while in 10% of the cases only the delayed views were abnormal. The frequency of abnormal scans was significantly greater in patients who died or had a large neurological deficit at discharge than in patients with lesser residual deficit. PMID- 1121712 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow by 133xenon inhalation. AB - Repeated measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were made by the short (ten minutes) 133Xenon inhalation technique and bicompartmental analysis in 11 patients with cerebrovascular disorders, mainly acute cerebral infarction. rCBF was measured 3 to 11 times during one to two weeks. The blood flow of the fast compartment (f1) was calculated as well as the relative weight of this compartment (w1, assumed to correspond to gray matter). In addition a new flow index, the Initial Slope Index (ISI) modified for the inhalation technique, was used. This index of predominantly gray matter flow was calculated from a one minute epoch of the early part of the clearance curve corrected for recirculation. In three of the patients the f1 and ISI varied in parallel and the w1 showed generally only minor variations from one measurement to the other. However, in the other eight patients fluctuation of the w1 and f1 values were seen which often showed no meaningful relation to the clinical course. The observed w1 changes indicated that some tissues (slowly perfused gray matter and/or rapidly perfused white extracerebral tissues) fluctuate between the fast and the slow compartment. In such cases the f1 values obtained cannot be used for comparison between measurements, since they represent flow rates of varying tissues and do not always represent a true gray matter blood flow. In these patients the ISI, which is independent of such weight changes, showed moderate and clinically likely variations. PMID- 1121713 TI - Estimating total cerebral blood flow from the initial slope of hydrogen washout curves. AB - An initial slope index of total cerebral blood flow, measured by the hydrogen clearance technique, shows a high correlation with flows calculated by bicompartmental analysis. In 247 flow measurements done on 41 rhesus monkeys, a linear regression analysis between these two methods of calculating flow shows a correlation coefficient of 0.928 with a standard error about y values of plus or minus 7.63. The initial slope index is not only faster but does not require that a steady state be maintained for ten minutes. PMID- 1121714 TI - Hindbrain stroke in children caused by extracranial vertebral artery trauma. AB - Hindbrain transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) culminating in posterior circulation stroke are described in five children. Atlanto-axial subluxation and angiographical documentation of C1 to C2 level arterial pathology are documented in one patient. Four additional patients with nearly identical clinical presentations, posterior fossa TIAs, stroke and basilar angiographical pathology are reviewed. A mechanical traumatic etiology is suggested. Unexplained transient repeated brain stem and/or cerebellar sympotomatology may be due to extracranial vetebral artery stenosis or occlusion by atlanto-axial instability. After appropriate documentation, stabilization may prevent further TIAs or strokes. PMID- 1121715 TI - The effect of cerebral infarction on the regional cerebral blood flow of the contralateral hemisphere. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements were performed over the contralateral hemisphere by the 133Xe intracarotid injection method in 20 patients with acute cerebral infarction in the territory of the internal carotid artery. The rCBF was found to be reduced, sometimes remarkably, in all of the patients. The mean reduction was 30 percent to 36 percent from the lowest normal value for the mean age of these patients. In the younger age group (40 to 59) the reduction was greater, 40 percent to 47 percent from the lowest normal value for this age. tthe rCBF depression was not related to cerebral dominance, previous hypertension or arterial PCO2 levels. The occurred in both patients who were fully alert and those with disturbances or consciousness, although it tended to be more diminished in the latter. tit can be assumed that the flow reduction in the nonaffected hemisphere is part of a general phenomenon affecting the entire brain and caused by globally reduced cerebral metabolism. PMID- 1121716 TI - Spontaneous thrombosis of deep cerebral veins: a complication of arteriovenous malformation. AB - An uncommon type of stroke in children is presented. An intracranial arteriovenous malformation in a 13-year-old boy spontaneously occluded about 22 months after surgical intervention. Precipitating factors, such as bacterial infections, could not be demonstrated in this patient, who had been attending school since the time of the craniotomy. The histological features of venous encephalomalacia in the galenic territory are contrasted with hemorrhagic encephalomalacia as seen after arterial occlusions: in the former, hemorrhages are more widespread and edema is more pronounced. PMID- 1121717 TI - Data base for stroke rehabilitation using computerized English text discharge summaries. AB - A data processing system programmed in a terminal-oriented language called APL is described. This user-oriented system features the print-out of English text discharges summaries for patients treated in a stroke rehabilitation unit. The variables contained in the summaries are stored in the computer for statistical analysis, allowing continous monitoring of the unit's activities. Seventy-eight percent of patients with moderate to severe hemiparesis were able to return home after an average length of stay of 44 days. The value of the described system is suggested for muliticenter, cooperative studies on stroke. PMID- 1121718 TI - Cerebral blood flow in cats after an acute hypertensive insult with damage to the blood-brain barrier. AB - Cerebral blood flow was measured with the 133Xenon clearance method in anesthetized cats under controlled ventilation. An acute pressure increase in the carotid system increases the cerebrovascular permeability to Evans blue, indicating damage to the blood-brain barrier. In these conditions the reactivity or cerebral blood vessels toward changes in the acid-base balance is altered: the CO2 reactivity is less pronounced, while the effect of increasing the plasma (HCO 3) is more pronounced than in normal cats. Autoregulatory capacity toward moderate alterations in arterial blood pressure or in intracranial pressure is well maintained in these conditions. PMID- 1121719 TI - Characterization of malignant gliomas and cerebrovascular disease by cerebral dynamic studies. AB - A technique for analysis of dynamic radionuclide studies of the cerebral circulation is described. This technique permits objective classification of observed radionuclide distribution patterns. Variation in the time-to-peak activity, and in the maximum attained activity as determined by region-of interest analysis of cerebral hemispheric activity, was defined for a normal population. Application of these normal values permits classification of observed hemispheric radionuclide distribution patterns in anaplastic gliomas and in occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Radionuclide activity in gliomas may be normal, decreased, or increased in the region of the tumor. In cerebrovascular occlusion, decreased activity, associated with a delay in time-to-peak activity, is frequently demonstrated in the affected hemisphere. PMID- 1121720 TI - Letter: Cortical surface microvasculature. PMID- 1121721 TI - Environmental health. PMID- 1121722 TI - Community health services. PMID- 1121724 TI - Medical entomology. PMID- 1121723 TI - Diseases and their control. PMID- 1121725 TI - Editorial: A settlement at last for the SVS. PMID- 1121726 TI - The controls and eradication of Newcastle disease in Northern Ireland. PMID- 1121727 TI - Accuracy of rectal palpation in the diagnosis of ovarian function in the cow. PMID- 1121728 TI - Behaviour of boars. PMID- 1121731 TI - Letter: Uterine prolapse in the mare. PMID- 1121730 TI - Letter: Pancreatic deficiency in the cat. PMID- 1121729 TI - Letter: Importance of early environment. PMID- 1121732 TI - Letter: Antibiotics in mastitis control. PMID- 1121733 TI - Letter: Treatment for strays--who pays? PMID- 1121735 TI - Letter: Assistants' problems. PMID- 1121734 TI - Letter: Inflation and the practitioner. PMID- 1121736 TI - Editorial: Funding treatment and welfare services. PMID- 1121737 TI - Analysis of reproductive function of the ewe based on post mortem examination. PMID- 1121738 TI - An outbreak of nitrite poisoning in sows. PMID- 1121739 TI - Felines for food. PMID- 1121740 TI - Torn skin in a cat. PMID- 1121741 TI - [Some aspects of the economic organization of bovine mastitis prophylaxis in Bulgaria]. PMID- 1121742 TI - Some genetic aspects of the prevention of mastitis in cattle. PMID- 1121743 TI - The influence of genetic factors on subclinical forms of mastitis in cows. PMID- 1121744 TI - Veterinary Institute--Miskole Budapest, Hungary. PMID- 1121745 TI - Bovine mastitis in Bulgaria. PMID- 1121746 TI - [Study of cattle Mycoplasma infection in Hungary]. PMID- 1121747 TI - Fog fever, farmer's lung and diffuse fibrosing alveolitis in cattle. PMID- 1121748 TI - Vaccination programs for cattle. PMID- 1121749 TI - [Immunization of cattle against Q fever]. PMID- 1121750 TI - Respiratory diseases and mastitis. Problems of industrial cattle breeding. PMID- 1121751 TI - [Biochemical differntiation of serological group "C" streptococci isolated from the milk of cows with mammitis. Its epidemiological importance]. PMID- 1121752 TI - Application of "Lactopen"-A penicillin preparation in the treatment of infectious mastitis of cows. PMID- 1121753 TI - An investigation of milk protein of cows with subclinical mastitis by electrophoresis on celogel. PMID- 1121754 TI - Mastitis control in Great Britain. PMID- 1121755 TI - [Determination of contents of organophosphorus pesticides in water and foodstuffs by means of phosphorus]. PMID- 1121756 TI - [Determination of the composition of the solution for extracorporeal dialysis]. PMID- 1121757 TI - [Night vision and night combat activities]. PMID- 1121758 TI - [Recurrent tumor of the carotid body]. PMID- 1121759 TI - [Problem of speech and voice disorders in the army]. PMID- 1121760 TI - [Open S chamber - new possibility for development of chromoplates in thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 1121761 TI - [Study of the surgical treatment of gunshot wounds caused by projectiles of hand weapons with high and small initial velocity]. PMID- 1121762 TI - [Study of the biological effects of microwave irradiation from 5 to 50 mW/cm2 intensity under the conditions of prolonged exposure to rats in the irradiation field]. PMID- 1121763 TI - [Orthostatic proteinuria]. PMID- 1121764 TI - [Rheoencephalography in the diagnosis of neurovascular cervical syndrome]. PMID- 1121765 TI - [Immunoglobulin content in infectious and serum hepatitis]. PMID- 1121766 TI - [Use of magnesium electrophoresis in complex treatment of chronic liver diseases in children]. PMID- 1121768 TI - [Characteristics of the course of chronic duodenitis in childhood]. PMID- 1121767 TI - [Hypersplenism in children with extrahepatic form of portal hypertension]. PMID- 1121769 TI - [Primary gastroduodenitis in children]. PMID- 1121770 TI - [Ulcer disease in children]. PMID- 1121771 TI - [Role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 1121773 TI - [Recurrent aspiration pneumonia in young children]. PMID- 1121772 TI - [Use of electroroentgenography in the diagnosis of pulmonary changes in children with acute viral respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 1121774 TI - [Change of acid-base equilibrium in premature infants with sepsis]. PMID- 1121775 TI - [Effect of hypoxic conditions and their treatment on certain processes of protein synthesis in the blood mononuclear cells in newborn infants]. PMID- 1121776 TI - [Morphological changes in the organs of fetuses and newborn infants born to women with late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 1121777 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of spontaneous abortions and elaboration of differentiated complex therapy]. PMID- 1121778 TI - [Observation of the intrauterine fetal development with the aid of ultrasonics]. PMID- 1121779 TI - [Blood protein spectrum in children with acute and chronic hepatitis, according to the data of disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel]. PMID- 1121780 TI - [Prolonged peridural anesthesia in cesarean section]. PMID- 1121781 TI - [Tasks and methods of dispensary-catamnestic observations of children with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1121782 TI - [Blood catalase in acute pneumonias in mature and premature infants in the neonatal period]. PMID- 1121783 TI - [Causes of development in anemia in newborn infants]. PMID- 1121784 TI - [Serous meningitis of pneumococcal etiology in a child with acute dysentery Sonnei]. PMID- 1121785 TI - [Clinico-morphological comparisons in children with purulent meningitis]. PMID- 1121786 TI - [Clinical manifestations of accidental pesticide poisoning in children]. PMID- 1121787 TI - [Indidence of cells with sex chromatin in healthy girls during the neonatal period and in infancy]. PMID- 1121788 TI - [Morphological and histochemical peculiarities of human placenta in cardiovascular pathology of the fetus]. PMID- 1121789 TI - [Data on physical development of 17-18 year-old girls with menarche at different age]. PMID- 1121790 TI - [Study of antibodies and cellular immunity reactions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1121791 TI - [Ultrastructure of synovial membrane in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1121792 TI - [Condition of the exocrine function of the pancreas in patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 1121793 TI - [Certain indicators of the activity of the pathological process in patients with ankylosing spondyloarthritis (Bechterew's disease)]. PMID- 1121794 TI - [Lymphoid cells of peripheral blood - possible mediators of immunological injury of the tissues in rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1121795 TI - [Total amino nitrogen of blood serum and urine in rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1121796 TI - [8-year experience with the treatment of patients with subacute septic endocarditis]. PMID- 1121797 TI - [Concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in blood plasma in patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 1121798 TI - [Cross syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1121799 TI - [Prevalence of rheumatoid poly-arthritis on the Sarema Island (Estonian SSR)]. PMID- 1121800 TI - [Diagnosis of podagra under polyclinical conditions]. PMID- 1121801 TI - [Experience in the work of a rheumatological unit of a polyclinic concerning organization of dispensary observations of children and primary prevention of rheumatism]. PMID- 1121803 TI - [Difficulties in diagnosis of rheumatic heart defects in persons over 50]. PMID- 1121802 TI - [Anti-recurrence treatment of rheumatism in Kislovodsk]. PMID- 1121804 TI - [Effectiveness of treatment of infectious nonspecific (rheumatoid) polyarthritis with D-penicillamine]. PMID- 1121805 TI - [Changes of the indicators of hemostasis during corticosteroid treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1121806 TI - Assay of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases in human sera. Further evidence for several types of Am individuals. AB - The study of the alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in the sera of 19 individuals belonging to the rare Am blood group makes it possible to confirm the heterogeneity of this phenotype established on genetical and immunological criteria. Two groups of subjects, Am and Ay, can be distinguished. For the individuals of the first group, named Am, 15 samples (7 families) have been studied, the phenotype is inherited as an allele at the ABO locus. 14 of these subjects, have an alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase whose kinetic properties were similar to those of A1 subjects. In one family, however, the A transferase detected is of the A1 type. On a quantitative level, the enzyme activities of these sera only reached 30-50 percent of the average value observed for A1 or A2 subjects, respectively. These facts suggest the existence of a genetic inhibitor, possibly linked to the ABO locus, preventing either an A1 or A2 gene from acting at the level of some cellular lines and leading therefore to the recognition of phenotypes named A-m-A1 and A-m-A2. On the contrary, under the experimental conditions used, no alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase activity was detected among the four individuals of the second group, named A-y by Weiner et al. (37), and whose appeareance in siblings results from the action of a recessive modifying y-A gene. PMID- 1121807 TI - A correction to the autoanalyzer data for quantitative agglutination measurements. AB - The AutoAnalyzer was used for quantitative measurements of antibody agglutinating activity by a Polybrene agglutination technique. Since the continuous flow system introduces an experimental error to the determination of true agglutination percentage, it is necessary to apply a correction factor. The experimental method of correction is described. PMID- 1121808 TI - Bisalbuminaemia Birmingham - a new variant in an Indian Family. Characterisation and comparative studies with albumin Kashmir. AB - Bisalbuminaemia has rarely been reported in races of the Indian subcontinet. The variant described in a native of the Punjab is shown to have a similar electrophoretic mobility to albumin Kashmir but different dye binding properties. The dye binding properties are also different from other albumin variants where such studies have been reported. PMID- 1121809 TI - Influence of free amino and carboxyl groups on the specificity of plant anti-N. AB - It is shown that M-active glycoproteins react de novo with anti-N lectins from Vicia graminea and Bauhinia purpurea after blocking of free amino and carboxyl groups. The significance of this phenomenon is briefly discussed. PMID- 1121810 TI - [Problems of influenza]. PMID- 1121811 TI - [Hamman-Rich syndrome]. PMID- 1121812 TI - [Case of bronchial asthma as a result of the allergenic action to corn]. PMID- 1121813 TI - [Clinical importance of determining the fibrin breakdown products in certain kidney diseases]. PMID- 1121814 TI - [Clinical x-ray and radioisotopic comparisons in "silent" and closed kidney]. PMID- 1121815 TI - [The nervous system in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 1121816 TI - [Phonocardiographic changes in kidney disease patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 1121817 TI - [Disseminated sclerosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 1121818 TI - [Characteristics of the neurological disorders in patients with mitral defects and torpid and latent rheumatism]. PMID- 1121819 TI - [Some methods for the objective assessment of the pain sundrome in lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 1121820 TI - [Characteristics of the disorders of consciousness in closed craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 1121821 TI - [Asthenic paranoids]. PMID- 1121822 TI - [Psychophysiological characteristics of the work of operators of modern transport ships]. PMID- 1121823 TI - [Reasons for the development of lumbosacral radiculitis in agricultural workers]. PMID- 1121824 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the toxic action of the dust from a magnesium-mercury alloy]. PMID- 1121826 TI - [Problems in the prevention of hepatitis in a programmed hemodialysis department]. PMID- 1121825 TI - [Sensitizing action of dibutylphthalate plasticizers on the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 1121827 TI - [Functional state of the blood coagulating and fibrinolytic systems in torpid rheumocarditis]. PMID- 1121828 TI - [Movement regimen and therapeutic physical exercise for patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 1121829 TI - [Practical assessment of cardialgia]. PMID- 1121830 TI - [Use of therapeutic gymnastics on biotron wards]. PMID- 1121831 TI - [Content of free amino acids in the plasma and erythrocytes in coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 1121832 TI - [Case of subarachnoidal hemorrhage during an epileptic attack]. PMID- 1121833 TI - [Kinin systems of the blood and kidneys in the main cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 1121834 TI - [Pelger's leukocyte anomaly]. PMID- 1121835 TI - [Myocardial contractile function in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 1121836 TI - [Changes in the blood coagulation system during the transfusion of fresh, citrated blood in patients with stomach neoplasms]. PMID- 1121837 TI - [Some patterns in the hemodynamic shifts in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1121838 TI - [Biogenic amines in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1121839 TI - [Content of catecholamines and acetylcholine and the cholinesterase activity in the stomach tissues in certain complications of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1121840 TI - [Effect of an oxygen cocktail on the course of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1121841 TI - [Gastrin-producing cells of the gastric mucosa in certain gastroduodenal diseases]. PMID- 1121842 TI - [Clinical importance of studying the free biliary acids of the bile in certain diseases of the hepatobiliary system]. PMID- 1121843 TI - [State of the proteolytic systems in chronic angiocholecystitis]. PMID- 1121844 TI - [Clinical diagnosis and treatment of poisonings by toxic mushrooms]. PMID- 1121845 TI - [Agranulocytic reaction following the use of ethoxide in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1121846 TI - [Character of the bronchial tree lesion in fibrous--cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1121848 TI - [Treatment of acute lung abscesses]. PMID- 1121847 TI - [Late observations of patients following tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 1121849 TI - [Hypotheses and facts on the origin of pandemic strains of influenza A virus]. PMID- 1121850 TI - [Properties of influenza virus strains causing the influenza epidemic in Moscow in 1972-3]. AB - The antigenic and some biological properties of influenza virus strains isolated during 1972-1973 epidemic were studied. Altogether 114 strains were isolated from sick infants of the first months of life beginning from neonatality. The strains under study were found to have high adaptation and elution activity, to be highly sensitive to inhibitors and to produce polymorphous allantoic population in the adaptation period. The hemagglutinating and neuraminidase components were shown to be fairly closely related to those of the membrane of the reference A2/Hong Kong/1/68 strain (H3N2). At the same time, a low neutralizing activity of the antisera for this strain against Moscow strains of 1972-1973 in biological neutralization tests in chick embryos was observed, explaining very high susceptibility of the population to influenza type A infection in the winter of 1972-1973. The strains under study were antigenically homogenous and most closely related to the reference A2/England/42/72 (H3N2) strain. PMID- 1121851 TI - [Serological study of the neuraminidase activity of cholera filtrate and influenza virus]. AB - The capacity of homologous (influenza virus) and heterologous (V. cholerae) anti neuraminidase antibody to neutralize the neuraminidase activity of influenza virus was studied. The lack of antigenic relationship between the enzyme of V. cholerae and that of influenza virus was established and differences in the antigenic structure of neuraminidase of influenza virus of both different types (A0, A1, A2) and within one type were demonstrated. PMID- 1121852 TI - [Effect of antibiotics on experimental influenza immunity]. AB - The influence of antibodies (tetracycline, penicillin, streptomycin) on formation of immunity to influenza was studied experimentally in white mice which were immunized with live influenza A/PR8 virus and were given antibiotics in average therapeutic doses for 10 days. These antibiotics were found to inhibit formation of antiviral immunity. PMID- 1121854 TI - [Evaluation of the preventive efficacy of bonaphthone in influenza]. AB - Bonaphthone was tested as a prophylactic drug in 4927 adults during 1973 influenza epidemic caused by influenza A/England/42/72 (H3N2) virus, and shown to exert a protective effect: the index of effectiveness was 1.8-2.9, the protection rate 44.7-66.4%. When given per os in a daily dose of 50 mg for 24 days bonaphthone produced no manifest side effects. PMID- 1121853 TI - [Immunochemical characteristics of human blood proteins, exhibiting anti influenza gamma-inhibitor activity]. AB - The molecular composition of gamma-inhibitors in human serum was found to be heterogenous. In gel filtration of serum gamma-inhibitors were detected in macroglobulin 19S and low molecular 4S fractions. Heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min resulted in a considerable (32--128-fold) increase of the activity of 19S and 4S gamma-inhibitors. A mixture of specific antibody and gamma-inhibitors could be isolated from human serum by means of immunosorbent. The eluate from the immunosorbent was separated into two fractions in gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 column. According to the results of HI tests, both fractions showed the activities of both antibody and gamma-inhibitors. Proteins of the eluate and its fractions were identified by means of disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and immunodiffusion analysis. The function of gamma-inhibitors in human sera was found to be performed by alpha2-macroglobulins and transferrin. Antibody for influenza A2/Singapore/1/57 virus belong to IgG and IgA classes. PMID- 1121855 TI - [Isolation of Bhanja arbovirus from Boophilus decoloratus ticks in Cameroon]. AB - A strain of virus designated YaK-10 was isolated from Boophilus decoloratus ticks (10 specimens) collected in March 1971 from cattle pastured in savanna near Garoy (United Cameroun Republic) by the intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice at the Pasteur Institute in Cameroun. The results of investigations of the biological properties of the strain showed it to be pathogenic for 1-3-day-old suckling mice by the intracerebral and intraperitoneal routes, for 3-week-old mice by the intracerebral route and to be nonpathogenic for adult mice. The incubation period was 5-7 days. The virus multiplies in chick embryos producing death of the majority of eggs and in chick embryo fibroblast cultures with a weak cytopathic effect, and it is sensitive to ether and sodium deoxycholate, passes Millipore filters with pore diameter of 220 nm and has no hemagglutinating properties. Studies of the antigenic properties of the virus by CF and neutralization tests showed it to be identical with Dakar D-9540 VIRUS (Bhanja). PMID- 1121857 TI - Health service development in the Third World. PMID- 1121856 TI - [Clone cells obtained from continuous cultures and differing in their sensitivity to tick-borne encephalitis viruses]. AB - Studies on cloning of continuous HEp-2 and SPEV cell lines were carried out. The sensitivity of the resulting clones to tick-borne encephalitis virus was determined and the clone lines were shown to be heterologous in their sensitivity to TBE virus by means of the immunofluorescence and virological methods. Among 47 clones of HEp-2 line virus reproduction was observed in 30 clones, no reproduction was demonstrated in 17 clones. The maximum number of cells simultaneously synthesizing virus antigen did not exceed 35% of the population which was conformity with the results obtained in the study of the original HEp-2 cell line. Twenty-nine clones derived from the continuous SPEV cell line were examined. Reproduction of the virus was observed in all of them. However, according to the maximum number of cells involved in the process of antigen synthesis, all the clones could be divided into two groups which differed also by the dynamics of cell involvement in antigen synthesis. The results of the study of clones derived from chronically TBE-infected Hep-2-Soph cell line are presented. In 13 out of 15 clones, the infectious virus and antigen synthesis were demonstrated which suggested that the majority of cells of the parental HEp 2-Soph line had been infected with TBE virus. PMID- 1121858 TI - The health care package. PMID- 1121859 TI - A management method for planning and implementing health projects. PMID- 1121860 TI - Public health research: possibilities and opportunities. PMID- 1121861 TI - The role of frontline health workers. PMID- 1121862 TI - New possibilities for WHO. PMID- 1121863 TI - Trends in medical manpower. PMID- 1121864 TI - Education in human sexuality for health practitioners. PMID- 1121865 TI - Alcohol: a growing danger. PMID- 1121866 TI - The economics of adverse reactions to drugs. PMID- 1121867 TI - Health manpower planning in the Americas. PMID- 1121868 TI - The community--new focus for nursing. PMID- 1121869 TI - Problems of non-medical drug use. PMID- 1121870 TI - [Extensiveness of occurrence of protozoa in man's oral cavity]. PMID- 1121871 TI - [Hypoderma bovis, cattle warble fly (morphology and biology)]. PMID- 1121872 TI - [Occurrence of warble flies in fallow-deer]. PMID- 1121873 TI - [Control of hypodermyiasis in cattle]. PMID- 1121874 TI - [Problem of hypodermyiasis in Poland]. PMID- 1121875 TI - [Native Trichostrongylus sp. infection in man]. PMID- 1121876 TI - [Strongyloidiasis. Case reports]. PMID- 1121877 TI - [Technic of infecting ticks (Ixodidae) per anum]. PMID- 1121879 TI - [Kaledin's and Romanienko's methods used in decontamination of household objects contaminated with parasitic eggs]. PMID- 1121878 TI - [Autoimmunization in parasitic diseases]. PMID- 1121880 TI - [Effectiveness and safety of methods used in the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis Stiles et Hassall, 1902 in feces]. PMID- 1121881 TI - [Diagnosis of nematode infections caused by Protostrongylidae in sheep]. PMID- 1121882 TI - [Occurrence of enteroparasites in hens in the Opole region in the light of research carried out by the Institute for Veterinary Hygiene in Opole]. PMID- 1121883 TI - [Economic damage caused by Mallophaga. V. Attempt at determining the role of Ecomenacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch) in the transmission of fowl typhoid]. PMID- 1121884 TI - [Parasiticides used in domestic animals]. PMID- 1121885 TI - [Use of some phosphoro-organic compounds and carbamates of home production for the control of cattle warble flies, external parasites and mycoses in domestic animals]. PMID- 1121886 TI - [Effectiveness of Zanil and Nilzan ICI in controlling helminthiasis in sheep]. PMID- 1121887 TI - [Heart infarct in postmortal angiograph]. PMID- 1121888 TI - [Hemodynamic sequelae of heart infarct]. PMID- 1121889 TI - [New viewpoints on the epidemiology of heart infarct]. PMID- 1121890 TI - [Heart infarct and rehabilitation]. PMID- 1121891 TI - [Medical problems of modern air-traffic]. PMID- 1121892 TI - [Bornholm-disease. Infectivity and symptomatology, demonstrated on familial infections]. PMID- 1121893 TI - [Letter: Problems in drug therapy]. PMID- 1121894 TI - [My apprenticeship under the new education order]. PMID- 1121895 TI - [Conditions affecting renal excretion of silver by humans. Studies on metabolism of trace elements. VIII]. AB - The renal excretion of silver was investigated in adult experimental persons of both sexes with normal or variously decreased kidney functions. Silver was measured by emission spectrum analysis. With an indifferent urinary flow of 4.71 plus or minus 2.5 (mean value with standard deviation) ml/min, the mean Ag excretion was 0.653 plus or minus 0.432 ng/min for a standard 1.73 m2 body surface area. An apparent small increase in the Ag-excretion with increased rate of urine flow could not be statistically confirmed. The widely different Ag excretion between individuals showed no dependence on the state of diuresis, or on kidney haemodynamic factors down to a decreased inulin clearance of less than 40 ml/min, and a decrease of the PAH clearance to values less than 200 ml/min. PMID- 1121896 TI - [Determination of iron with CentrifiChem System]. AB - The determination of iron was adapted to the CentrifiChem System. The iron bound to transferrin is freed with a detergent, reduced to Fe++ with sodium dithionite, and determined with bathophenanthroline disulphonate. The operation consists of one run for the blank value and one analytical run. Although the actual reaction time is extremely short, a reaction time of 8--10 min is recommended for both the blank value and the analysis. This ensures adequate clearing during centrifugation under the influence of Teepol. 2 times 100 mul serum are required, and 80 determinations per hour are possible. PMID- 1121897 TI - [Measurement of biological age]. PMID- 1121898 TI - Editorial: A comment on "the art and science of medicine". PMID- 1121899 TI - An analysis of cardiac care unit experiences. The Virginia Regional Medical Program's cardiac unit study group. PMID- 1121900 TI - Outpatient repair of hernias in infants and children. PMID- 1121901 TI - A rural epidemic of shigellosis. PMID- 1121902 TI - Successful treatment of frigidity through hypnosis. PMID- 1121903 TI - Clinical conference: Amenorrhea. PMID- 1121904 TI - The new involuntary admission statute--first three months' experience. PMID- 1121905 TI - Editorial: The Sjogren enigma. "Fearfully and wonderfully". PMID- 1121906 TI - [Achievements of modern surgery and traumatology]. PMID- 1121907 TI - [Modern traumatism and specialized traumatological aid at evacuation stages in the public health system]. PMID- 1121908 TI - [Traumatic lesion (local and general pathophysiological mechanisms)]. PMID- 1121909 TI - [Modern problems of surgical infection]. PMID- 1121910 TI - [Acute ischemia in severe injury to the extremities]. PMID- 1121911 TI - [Pathology of cerebral circulation and metabolism in assessing the prognosis for the outcome of severe craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 1121912 TI - [Gunshot wounds of the skull and brain]. PMID- 1121913 TI - [Open and closed injuries of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 1121914 TI - [Gunshot wounds of the blood vessels]. PMID- 1121915 TI - [Modern problems of traumatic shock in clinical practice]. PMID- 1121916 TI - [Detection of oestrogenes in bovine liver by combined gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 1121917 TI - Induced hypercapnia in experimental hemorrhagic shock. AB - The inhalation effect of a 90% oxygen and 10% carbon dioxide mixture was compared with pure oxygen inhalation in the treatment of rabbits, bled to a mean arterial pressure of 25 mmHg. A pronounced respiratory acidosis developed in the O-2-CO-2 treated rabbits. Both groups showed similar changes in the blood concentration of lactate and the base deficit values. In the rabbits inhaling O-2-CO-2, the PvO-2 was significantly higher than in those treated with oxygen. All the relationships were recorded independent of the time of onset of the inhalation treatment regardless of whether it was commenced before or after the bleeding. Our conclusion is that, in spite of the apparent increase in the shunting of oxygenated blood to the venous circulation, the perfusion through the capillaries is unaffected by the carbon dioxide inhaled in hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 1121918 TI - Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation and prolonged hypoxia on the healing of open wounds. AB - In a study on rats, long-tern intermittent hyperbaric oxygenation at 2 ATA had no effect on the healing rate of open wounds in which the circulation was left intact. When the wound edges were devascularized, however, hyperbaric oxygen enhanced the wound closure rate in the final stages of healing, thus counteracting the delay caused by disturbed blood supply. During the hyperbaric exposure, tissue pO-2 increased considerably in both normal and devascularized skin, whereas tissue pCO-2 increased only slightly. Combined systemic and local hypoxia--12% oxygen at 1 atm--retarded the closure rate of full-thickness skin wounds. This was noted both in acclimatized and in unacclimatized rats. Thirteen day adaptation to hypoxia increased the healing rate and subcutaneous tissue pO-2 to normal levels, but when hypoxia was continued, tissue pO-2 and the wound closure rate decreased markedly. This was probably due to a decreased blood flow induced by secondary erythrocytosis and an elevated blood viscosity. PMID- 1121919 TI - Primary hyperplasia of the parathyroids. AB - Eight cases of primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid are reported among 322 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Preoperatively, all had high serum calcium. Six cases were water-clear, one chief cell, and one mixed hyperplasia. The case of chief cell hyperplasia was misdiagnosed primarily as adenoma. Its exact nature was recognised retrospectively. Identification and biopsy with frozen section of all the parathyroid glands is stressed. This is essential to rule out the presence of multiple adenoma or adenomatous formation in hyperplasia. When hyperplasia was proved, total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue equivalent to 1/2 or one normal-sized parathyroid gland was done in 7 cases. Although one patient had hyperplastic tissue in situ, the results of this management are considered to be satisfactory. On to six years postoperatively, all surviving patients are without symptoms of hyperparathyroidism and have normal serum calcium. Two patients required a small dose of Vit D-2 to sustain a normal calcium level. Total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue (PTA) is preferred to subtotal parathyroidectomy in cases of primary hyperplasia. There is a good primary result and reoperation can be easily done if there is recurrence of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 1121920 TI - Surgical or conservative treatment of total dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint. AB - A follow-up investigation on 41 patients with complete dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint was performed. Nineteen patients had been treated surgically, 22 conservatively. The surgery performed had consisted of repair of the coracoclavicular ligament and fixation of the acromioclavicular joint by means of a Kirschner wire. In the conservatively treated patients, a strapping was applied to maintain reduction of the acromioclavicular joint. A good functional end-result is correlated with a good anatomical result. A good anatomical result was more frequent in the surgically treated group. Better functional results were achieved by operation than by conservative treatment. In general, post-traumatic arthrosis of the acromioclavicular joint was slight and was not correlated with the functional results. PMID- 1121921 TI - Instramedullary supramid pin and plate-screw fixation for fracture of the humerus. AB - A method of fixing the humerus is presented. A supramid pin is introduced into the medullary cavity and a plate with screws is attached to the bone surface. The screws are driven through the fracture fragments into the supramid pin. The resulting fixation is firm and suitable for certain complicated cases in which the usual fixation methods have their limitations. PMID- 1121922 TI - Diagnostic laparocentesis and peritoneal lavage in patients with multiple blunt injuries. AB - A series of 53 patients with multiple injuries and suspected abdominal trauma were analysed to determine the accuracy of diagnostic laparocentesis and peritoneal lavage. Thirty-one positive findings resulted in immediate laparotomies. Fifteen patients with an otherwise strong suspicion of intra abdominal injury were treated conservatively with an uneventful clinical course. All three false-negative findings were in patients who has previously been subjected to laparotomy. These 3 patients were laparotomized on the basis of other diagnostic evidence. Four positive and two false-positive findings resulted in unnecessary operations. Trocar laparocentesis combined with peritoneal lavage is a quick and safe aid in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma. Trauma to the urinary tract, however, should be diagnosed without laparocentesis. The test does not replace other diagnostic methods, but it may shorten the preoperative delay in complicated situations. PMID- 1121923 TI - Lissencephaly and Pachygyria: an architectonic and topographical analysis. AB - The architectonic features of abnormal cerebral cortex in a brain with lissencephaly and pachygyria suggest that neuronal migration was interrupted by cortical and subcortical laminar necrosis in the fourth fetal month. The severest cortical abnormality lies in the distal perfusion fields of the major cerebral arteries, while the normal areas are located in the proximal perfusion fields. These architectonic and topographic features suggest that intra-uterine hypoxia or perfusion failure may be a pathogenetic mechanism leading to lissencephaly and pachygyria. PMID- 1121924 TI - Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. An electron microscopic study of a case clinically resembling neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - An unusual case of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) in which seizures were the presenting and predominant clinical feature is described. Although the clinical manifestations were indistinguishable from neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, the diagnosis was readily established by electron microscopic examination of the brain biopsy specimen. Even after the ultrastructural features were known, the dystrophic axons were not evident by light microscopy. This case broadens the clinical picture of INAD to include seizures as the presenting complaint and suggests that some patients with childhood epilepsy who "deteriorate" may have this genetically determined disease. PMID- 1121925 TI - Ultrastructure of the syndrome of continuous muscle fibre activity. AB - The ultrastructure of muscle and the myoneural junction of a man of 60 suffering from the syndrome of continuous muscle fibre activity was studied. This syndrome is manifested by disturbances of walking, muscle weakness, permanent muscle contractions and involuntary movements. The myoneural junction was hypertrophied and showed ramifications of the secondary clefts. The presynaptic nerve ending contained no synaptic vesicles. The relationship of these findings to the disease is discussed. PMID- 1121927 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of the larynx. Study of results during 3 years. Modified surgical technic]. PMID- 1121926 TI - [The alley B.P.F. (bismuth, lead, tin and cadmium) in irradiation using conforming fields]. PMID- 1121928 TI - [Usefulness of the standard nominal dose in the preventive irradiation of the skull in acute leukemias]. PMID- 1121929 TI - [General norms for the study, diagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 1121930 TI - Dermatophytes: conidium-ontogeny and classification. AB - The ontogeny of the conidia of representative Dermatophyte species has been examined by time-lapse microphotography. The results are summarized in five main conclusions. (i) the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton have holoblastic conidium-ontogeny; (ii) the investigated species exhibit polymeristematic development; (iii) delivery of the conidia occurs by means of a special detaching mechanism: consisting in autolysis of a detaching-cell or cells; (iv) the macroconidia have a primary septum; (v)chlamydospores including "gemmae" and "persistent-organs", strikingly similar to the macro- and microconidia as investigated in aqueous preparations, are also formed. The author classifies the dermatophytes into section III of the system of HUGHES and into the group III/C of TURBAKI's system. PMID- 1121931 TI - The effect of microorganisms on phytotoxicity of herbicides. II. Increase of phytotoxicity of Venzar in the presence of phenolic compounds by Pseudomonas sp. 22. PMID- 1121932 TI - Effect of mineral elements on the production of threonine by Micrococcus glutamicus. PMID- 1121933 TI - Influence of the extract of Chlorella vulgaris on growth of fungi. PMID- 1121934 TI - Studies on the sensitivity of anticancer agents of normal human cells in culture. AB - Two biopsies of human periosteal tissue have been tested for sensitivity to several antitumoral agents. The tests were performed during the lifespan of the cultured cells in order to reveal possible variations in sensitivity. The results indicate that the age of the donor affects drug sensitivity; cells obtained from the young donor show a higher growth potential, together with a variable sensitivity and morphology during their life in vitro, while cells from the adult donor have a lower growth potential, a constant sensitivity to chemotherapy and a constant morphology. PMID- 1121935 TI - The effect of hydrocortisone on DNA synthesis and cell division during aging in vitro. AB - Hydrocortisone (14 muM) added to cultures of human diploid fibroblast-like cells extends the lifespan of the population. This effect is expressed during a single growth cycle by an increased rate of proliferation and a higher rate of incorporation of 3HdT into DNA. The hormone appears to exert its effect by increasing the fraction of cells in the proliferating pool, and this increase is expressed at all levels of serial subcultivation (population ages). The effect requires a minimum of between 12 and 18 hr exposure of the cells to hydrocortisone. Studies with varying amounts of serum suggest that the hormone affects the cells by amplifying the serum signal which is the primary signal for cell division. PMID- 1121936 TI - Sympathetic neural control of indoleamine metabolism in the rat pineal gland. PMID- 1121937 TI - [Etiology of hearing disorders in children]. PMID- 1121938 TI - [Body development and growth time of children from 0 to 3 years of age]. PMID- 1121939 TI - [Reasonable nutrition of small children in cribs and nursery homes]. PMID- 1121940 TI - [Which factors may evantually influence the changes of eruption sequence of the first 2 permanent teeth?]. PMID- 1121941 TI - [Width and depth growth of the trunk in a sample of children and adolescents from the GDR population]. PMID- 1121942 TI - [Problem of the damage in children and adolescents due sexual delinquency]. PMID- 1121943 TI - [Leisure activities of growing up girls]. PMID- 1121944 TI - [Neurologic concepts concerning rehabilitation and performance sport]. PMID- 1121945 TI - [Development of mortality in premature infants at the Pediatric Clinic of the Medical Academy in Erfurt in the years 1958 to 1973]. PMID- 1121946 TI - The ESL approach to teaching English to hearing-impaired students. PMID- 1121947 TI - Partial integration of deaf with hearing students: residential school prespectives. PMID- 1121948 TI - The Soviet search and research for new methods in deaf education. PMID- 1121949 TI - The effects to total communication, manual communication, oral communication and reading on the learning of factual information in residential school deaf children. PMID- 1121950 TI - Teaching sign language by interactive television. PMID- 1121951 TI - A project to determine the feasibility of BSCS's Me Now for hearing-impaired students. PMID- 1121952 TI - Communication preference and the social conditions of language learning in the deaf. PMID- 1121953 TI - Hearing impaired school leavers data reported to the annual survey of hearing impaired children and youth. PMID- 1121954 TI - Pathophysiology of second degree atrioventricular block: a unified hypothesis. AB - An in vivo and in vitro correlative study of second degree atrioventricular (A-V) block in the canine proximal His-Purkinje system after ligation of the anterior septal artery is reported. Evidence is presented to suggest that Mobitz type II and the Wenckebach ypte of conduction represent different degrees of the same disorder rather than two distinct electrophysiologic processes. The in vivo study showed that an increment of conduction delay almost always preceded the blocked impulse in second degree A-V block. The increment, as 1 or 2 msec at the early stage of block, often increased gradually up to 180 msec. The in vitro study consistently showed an increment of conduction delay preceding the blocked impulse. The same experiments revealed a greater increment in conduction delay early after excision that, on recovery during superfusion, gradually decreased to a few milliseconds (the reverse order of the in vivo observation). Characteristic changes in duration and configuration of action potentials in the ischemic proximal His-Purkinje system were observed depending on the state of transmission and the temporal relation of the impaled cell to areas of slow propagation and block. The study revealed a remarkable similarity between characteristics of conduction in the ischemic His-Purkinje system and conduction in both the normal A-V doe and Purkinje fibers subjected to various pathophysiologic interventions. It is suggested that in the pathologic situation--exemplified in this study by acute myocardial ischemia--the normal His-Purkinje system may gradually lose the characteristics of the fast response and start showing properties of the slow response. At an early stage of departure from normal, the proximal His-Purkinje system may show second degree A-V block with no perceptible to a few milliseconds' increment of conduction delay (the equivalent of Mobitz type II block). On further departure from normal, the His-Purkinje system resembles the A V node in showing a significant increment of conduction delay prior to the blocked impulse (the equivalent of Wenckebach periodicity). Both the in vivo and in vitro observations demonstrated a clear propensity of the ischemic proximal His-Purkinje system to develop paroxysmal A-V block during the stage of second degree A-V block when there is no perceptible to a few milliseconds' increment of conduction delay. A new classification of second degree A-V block is presented based on the suggested electrophysiologic mechanism. PMID- 1121955 TI - A degeneration study of some habenular efferents to the midbrain in a wallaby. AB - In this study, specimens of both sexes of a Western Australian wallaby (Steonix brachyurus) had surgical or electrolytic lesions made in the habenular complex unilaterally. Thirty-five-micron sections, cut coronally and parasagittally, were stained by the Nauta-Gygax ('54) or the Fink-Heimer ('67) technique to demonstrate degenerating fibers. Degeneration was seen in the habenular commissure and bilaterally in the habenula and fasciculus retroflexus, but was most extensive ipsilaterally. Habenular fibers destined for the tegmentum and central gray passed caudally into the midbrain in a continuous fan-like array which extended from the central gray dorsally to the interpeduncular nucleus ventrally. In their posterior course some fibers crossed the midline with the decussating cerebellar fibers. The majority of fibers, with those in the fasciculus retroflexus which passed ventral to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle, turned dorsally. They passed mostly just lateral to the midline nuclei and into the central gray where degeneration was seen throughout the entire extent. Terminal degeneration was seen in the interpeduncular nucleus primarily in the dorsal and posterior parts, in the ventral tegmental nucleus and throughout the central gray, but was more densely clustered in the region of the dorsal tegmental nucleus. PMID- 1121956 TI - Ethionine induced degeneration and regeneration in the rat parotid gland: an electron microscope study. AB - The object of the present study was to establish a model for the study of parotid gland regeneration. Adult female Spague-Dalley rats were placed for 11 days on a protein-free diet with daily intraperitoneal doses of aqueous DL-ethionine equivalent to 0.5 hg/gm body weight, and returned to a normal diet on day 12. At varying intervals, both during and after intoxication, animals were sacrificed and the parotid glands prepared for study with the transmission electron microscope. Ultrastructural observations indicated that damage was essentially limited to the acinar cells, in which the protein synthetic apparatus was the focus of injury. The rough endoplasmic reticulum displayed atypical configurations, loss of attached ribosomes and membrane fragmentation. In the Golgi region, an atypical structure, a "crystalloid" arose during intoxication. Because of the morphology and apparent formation of the "crystalloid," it was assumed to be an abnormal secretion product. Resumption of a normal diet resulted in the rapid restitution of the normal cytoarchitecture. During the first week of recovery, there was prominent mitotic activity in mature acinar cells. It was concluded that the primary effect of ethionine upon the parotid gland is interference with the function of the protein-synthetic apparatus, leading to morphologic alteration of the acinar cells. The mitotic activity observed during recovery indicated that in the adult rat, acinar cells retain the potential for proliferation. PMID- 1121957 TI - Development of the endometrium during the estrous cycle in the bitch. AB - The endometrium of 40 cycling bitches was studied using cytological, cytochemical, and morphometric techniques. Two principal phases of growth and differentiation can be discerned. Phase one begins at the end of anestrus as serum estrogen levels begin to rise and is completed just prior to estrus. It is characterized by growth of the crypts and differentiation of the glandular epithelial cells into well-developed, mucus-secreting cells. Growth, initially rapid, gradually slows. The second growth phase does not begin until the middle of estrus as serum progestin levels rise and lasts nearly a week. Both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the glandular epithelium and growth of the basal glands characterize this stage. The gland cells develop many well-defined characteristics of absorptive and secretory cells. Another phase of growth occurs in pregnant animals at the onset of implantation. During the third week of metestrus in non-pregnant bitches, the uterus begins to involute. Acid phosphatase and the number of lysosomes increase dramatically in the epithelial cells particularly in the basal glands. Cells lining the lumen and crypts accumulate numerous large lipid droplets. The data are discussed in relation to the clear separation of two distinct uterine functions: (1) sperm transport and maintenance and (2) production and secretion of nutritive uterine milk. Extended periods of follicular development, breeding, and preimplantation in the bitch probably impose this separation. PMID- 1121958 TI - Ultrastructural study of mouse olfactory epithelium following destruction by ZnSO4 and its subsequent regeneration. AB - Regeneration of olfactory epithelium was studied at the ultrastructural level in two different strains of mice (C57B1/6J and SWR/J) following destructive changes induced by nasal irrigation with 1% aqueous solution of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). Three epithelial conditions were seen during the first four to 14 days following treatment: a "surface alteration" state characterized by changes at the apical ends of olfactory and columnar supporting cells, a "squamous-metaplastic" state, and a simple-squamous" state. In the latter two conditions, thought to represent regenerative states, cells contained inclusions similar to secretion granules in Bowman's glands. This observation supports earlier suggestions that new epithelial cells originate from these glands. Later regenerative changes consist of differentiation of new sensory cells and columnar supporting cells in an initially disorganized epithelium. This epithelium then changes to a normal, pseudostratified organization. Regeneration of the epithelium begins earlier and proceeds more rapidly in the SWR/J strain than C57B1/6J mice. Possibly, a genetic difference exists between strains. After 72 days the epithelium in both strains had regenerated. PMID- 1121959 TI - A warfarin embryopathy? PMID- 1121960 TI - Rubella and measles serosurvey among a nonurban pediatric population. AB - A serologic survey for rubella and measles immunity was conducted to determine the immunity levels among a nonurban, relatively isolated pediatric population. Among 1,273 students in grades kindergarten through 9, the overall susceptibility rate was 24.3% for rubella and 16.3% for measles. There was significant variation in susceptibility rates among the various grades and schools involved. The susceptibility rates were similar to those found for urban populations. The results indicated that vaccination efforts for the population have been partially successful, but additional effort was needed. PMID- 1121961 TI - Gonadal function in children with nephrosis treated with cyclophosphamide. AB - Conadal function was evaluated in 23 boys and 11 girls treated with cyclophosphamide, 2 to 5 mg/kg/day for periods of 1.5 to 6 months. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. All 16 boys treated when prepubertal or during early puberty had normal, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels. Testicular biopsy was performed in five of the 16, and was abnormal in four and normal in one. Sperm count was normal in two other patients. The remaining seven boys were treated when pubertal; all have decreased spermatogenesis, and five of them have increased FSH levELS. The LH and testosterone levels were normal. No evidence of gonadal dysfunction was detected in any of the girls. Of four patients treated when postpubertal, three have become pregnant. PMID- 1121962 TI - Coxsackievirus B5 infection and aseptic meningitis in neonates and children. AB - In metropolitan Washington, DC, an outbreak of aseptic meningitis in children was recognized in the summer and fall of 1972. Age-specific attack rates were highest in children less than 1 year of age. The incidence of cases showed two peaks: one in July and another in October. Coxsackievirus B5 was associated with cases occurring in July, August, and September, but was not implicated in the October cases. Seventy-six percent of the confirmed coxsackievirus B5 infections in aseptic meningitis patients occurred in infants less than 2 months old. Specific meningeal symptoms were less frequently observed in these young infants, although viral isolations were more common (13 of 15) compared to patients over 2 months of age (four of 19). Analysis of reported coxsackievirus B5 infections in Washington, DC, and the United States as a whole suggests a five- or six-year periodicity. PMID- 1121963 TI - Intussusception in children: hydrostatic reduction. AB - The records of 104 patients with the diagnosis of intussusception who were admitted to the Saisei-kai Suita Hospital during the past five years were reviewed. There were no deaths. All patients were treated primarily by barium enema with a successful reduction rate of 82%. Successful reduction requires the use of general anesthesia, repetition of the procedure after a three- or five minute waiting period, use of a balloon catheter, and manipulation. The most important points are early detection of this disease by the pediatrician and enthusiasm on the part of the surgeon. PMID- 1121964 TI - Picture of the month: Fetal face syndrome (Robinow Snydrome). PMID- 1121965 TI - Chondrodysplasis punctata: is maternal warfarin therapy a factor? PMID- 1121966 TI - Chondrodysplasia punctata and maternal warfarin use during pregnancy. PMID- 1121967 TI - 4p- phenotype in an infant with t(4p-;19p or q+)mat translocation. AB - Four family members had an apparently balanced t(4p-;19p or q+) translocation indentified by Giemsa banding. One of these individuals, a male infant, has a 4p- phenotype with seizures, large bilateral cleft palate, abnormal anterior fontanel, abnormally shaped ears, hypertelorism, small penis with third-degree hypospadias, and bilateral simian creases. It is theorized that 4p material containing loci essential for normal development was lost in this infant by a simple deletion or "aneusomy by recombination." PMID- 1121968 TI - Translocation 4p-- syndrome: a general review. AB - The casee presented here may be the first fully identified and verified cas of translocation 4p-- syndrome, a B4/G22 translocation, ie, 45,XX,-4,-22,+t(4q 22q). Thirty-nine other cases of the 4p--syndrome, including one other possible translocation case, have been found in the medical literature. Conventional chromosome studies cannot distinguish between 4p-- (Wolf) syndrome and 5p-- (cri du-chat) syndrome, and the clinical features, as in our case, may not be sufficiently characteristic to permit differentiation. The newer chromosome banding techniques have made specific identification possible. PMID- 1121969 TI - Mesomelic dwarfism as the homozygous expression of dyschondrosteosis. PMID- 1121970 TI - The Robinow syndrome: an isolated case with a detailed study of the phenotype. PMID- 1121971 TI - Letter: National Health Service. PMID- 1121972 TI - Letter: Complications of ventilator therapy in respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 1121973 TI - Letter: Epidemiological aspects of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 1121974 TI - Letter: Urinary riboflavin and creatinine excretion in children treated with anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 1121975 TI - On "an experimental evaluation of sensorimotor patterning": a critique. AB - A critique was presented of a study by Neman, Roos, McCann, Menolascino, and Heal (1975) in which a sensorimotor training method of treatment for retarded children was evaluated. They presented evidence which they interpreted as support for the effectiveness of this treatment method in benefiting their sample of retarded individuals. Many shortcomings of the Neman et al. study were pointed out in the areas of evaluating the theoretical rationale underlying the treatment, subject selection, procedure, statistical analyses, and interpretation of the findings. In addition, the problems raised by the premature release of the findings to the press were discussed. Special note was made of the potential harmful effects of this publicity on retarded children and their families. The important role and responsibility of the National Association for Retarded Citizens in endorsing and recommending treatment methods for retarded individuals was also discussed. PMID- 1121976 TI - A reply to Zigler and Seitz. AB - The Zigler and Seitz (1975) critique was carefully examined with respect to the conclusions of the Neman et al. (1975) study. Particular attention was given to the following questions: (a) did experimenter bias or commitment account for the results, (b) were unreliable and invalid psychometric instruments used, (c) were the statistical analyses insufficient or incorrect, (d) did the results reflect no more than the operation of chance, and (e) were the results biased by artifactually inflated profile scores. Experimenter bias and commitment were shown to be insufficient to account for the results; a further review of Buros (1972) showed that there was no need for apprehension about the testing instruments; the statistical analyses were shown to exceed prevailing standards for research reporting; the results were shown to reflect valid findings at the .05 probability level; and the Neman et al. (1975) results for the profile measure were equally significant using either "raw" neurological scores or "scales" neurological age scores. Zigler, Seitz, and I agreed on the needs for (a) using multivariate analyses, where applicable, in studies having more than one dependent variable; (b) defining the population for which sensorimotor training procedures may be appropriately prescribed; and (c) validating the profile measure as a tool to assess neurological disorganization. PMID- 1121977 TI - Imitation of retarded children by their nonretarded peers. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether nonretarded children would imitate the behavior of retarded children who were more competent in an experimental task and to determine whether this imitation would generalize to the selection of the retarded children as task partners in another situation. Each nonretarded observer was allowed to imitate the task behavior of an EMR model when the model was either (a) more competent than the observer, (b) equeally competent, or (c) less competent than the observer in the experimental task. Results indicated that (a) nonretarded observers imitated the behavior of the high competent EMR model significantly more often than the moderately competent model, with the latter in turn being imitated more than the noncompetent model and (b) that girls imitated both low and high competent models more than boys, who were most apt to imitate the behavior of moderately competent models. The data further revealed that competent EMR models were more likely to be chosen as partners on a future game task. PMID- 1121978 TI - Long-term effectiveness of imagery instructions with retarded persons. AB - The effects of imagery instructions on paired-associate learning efficiency and on the retention of 16 picture pairs were investigated using two groups of EMR individuals with approximate mental ages of 8 and 11 years, respectively. While facilitated list mastery was obtained under imagery instructions, no facilitation was found for 1-week retention performance. However, in learning a new list immediately following the retention task, those individuals who had received imagery instructions during original learning continued to exhibit facilitated learning. These results extend previous work. PMID- 1121979 TI - Retarded adult's discrete work performance in a sheltered workshop as a function of overall productivity and motivation. AB - Production times of high and low retarded adults in a sheltered workshop were analyzed in terms of actual time working as opposed to actual time not working and under conditions of standard and high motivation. Under standard conditions, low productivity was primarily the result of more time spent not working. High motivation attenuated this effect. The results were discussed in terms of cognitive vs. motivational interpretations of individual differences in work performance. PMID- 1121980 TI - Measurement of social learning and its relationship to cognitive, behavioral, demographic, and diagnostic variables. AB - A curriculum-based paper and pencil group-administered test was developed to assess the objectives of the Self Level of the Social Learning Curriculum. The major objective of the study was to determine the extent to which performance on this measure was related to cognitive skills and adaptive behavior. A total of 242 primary level EMR subjects were tested. The results indicated that a reliable assessment procedure which taps cognitive skills and behavioral dimentions is feasible. Both of these factors related to the major assumptions underlying the Social learning curriculum. PMID- 1121981 TI - Jeopardy in community placement. AB - As part of a broader research effort, a survey of the adaptive behavior of 424 community-placed retarded persons was conducted through small group, tape recorded interviews with their 109 caretakers. From 1252 incidents of problem behavior cited, 203 were judged to contain jeopardy. Seventy-seven percent of these incidents involved jeopardy to health and/or safety, 4 percent to general welfare, and 18 percent contained legal jeopardy. In 79 percent of incidents, the client jeopardized himself, in 12 percent he jeopardized a fellow client, and in 9 percent he jeopardized a member of the community at large. The evidence exposes need for full examination of this problem and ways to minimize it. PMID- 1121982 TI - Relationship between linguistic performance and memory deficits in retarded children. AB - Performance of retarded children was measured on four tests of linguistic ability and two memory tests. Subjects were 50 retarded children: 10 each at mental ages 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The relationship between linguistic performance and memory was assessed by correlational analysis. Multiple and partial correlations were computed using a measure of language comprehension and a measure of memory span as predictor variables and three measures of language production as criterion variables. Different patterns of correlation were found with the three production as criterion variables. Different patterns of correlation were found with the three production measures, suggesting that the relative importance of memory span in language production depends on the specific production task. PMID- 1121983 TI - Relationship of reaction time to deceleration and variability of heart rate in nonretarded and retarded persons. AB - Heart rate was monitored for nonretarded and retarded subjects during a simple reaction time (RT) TASK. Both groups were further divided into those receiving either a 4-second or 12-second preparatory interval (PI). For retarded subjects responding under 4-second PI conditions, it was found that (a) RT performance was poor, (b) heart-rate deceleration did not accompany the response, and (c) reduction in heart variability did not occur during the PI. The remaining groups responded more rapidly, showed heart-rate deceleration and variability reduction. These data were interpreted as supporting the view that retarded subjects cannot reliably make the biological adjustments necessary for rapid RT responding when operating under the constraints of a short PI. PMID- 1121984 TI - Galvanic skin response orienting response as a measure of tactile discrimination in retarded children. AB - The GSR orienting reflex has been successfully applied to the measurements of normal and disordered tactile sensation and perception in nursery-school children, college students, and brain-injured adults. Because the technique eliminates practically all of the cognitive requirements of conventional measurement procedures, it provides a potential approach for measuring somato perceptual abilities in the younger, language deficient, and more severely retarded child. In the present study the feasibility of the technique was evaluated by applying it to the discrimination of touches to the soles of the feet. In this simple discrimination, the retarded children performed as well as a control group of nonretarded children. PMID- 1121985 TI - Investigating the phenomenon of helplessness in mentally retarded adults. AB - Helplessness, or the inability to take effective action in a problem situation, appears to involve both behavioral-motivational and competence factors. As a personality characteristic, it may cause difficulties in community adjustment for mentally retarded persons. Helplessness in a group of mentally retarded adults was investigated through a set of behavioral and questionnaire measures specifically adapted for this population. Similar measures were applied to a CA control group. Both institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded subjects exhibited significantly more signs of helplessness than did the nonretarded control subjects. The results support the hypothesis that helplessness is a meaningful personality dimension among retarded persons and can be objectively measured. PMID- 1121986 TI - Effects of treatment programs on the acquisition of basic skills. AB - The relative effectiveness of alternative programs in producing changes in ambulation and toilet training among retarded individuals admitted to an institution was evaluated. Little change in ambulation over a 3-year-period was found unless special programming such as sensory-motor training was provided. The impact of such institutional programs was also evident for toilet training. However, about 40 percent of the retarded individuals placed in foster care also improved. In all instances, those individuals in standard care showed the least change. It was concluded that simple answers regarding the "best" placement or program are not available. PMID- 1121987 TI - Differences between EMR and nonretarded children in fluency and quality of verbal associations. AB - An association task, in which a subject was asked to give up to 25 associations to each of 10 verbal stimuli, was administered to 32 EMR and 32 nonretarded subjects, along with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. The associations were scored for quantity and speed of response; they were also categorized by a modification of Flavell's system for response quality. As expected, the two groups differed in vocabularly size. When vocabularly size was controlled, relatively few differences between EMR and nonretarded subjects remained: EMR subjects were slower than nonretarded subjects in their first and continuing responses to the association stimuli, used fewer logical associations, and used fewer responses with vocational connotations. In light of the fact that after adjustment for vocabulary differences, the two groups differed on only 6 of the 24 measures examined, the associative networks of the two groups were surprisingly comparable. The remaining differences demonstrated a specific deficit in logical connections and in speed of access to the associative net. PMID- 1121988 TI - Application of Premack's generalization of reinforcement to modify occupational behavior in two severely retarded individuals. AB - Premack's generalization that a more probable response will reinforce a less probable one was applied to modify occupational behavior of two severly retarded individuals. When opportunity to work on a more preferred activity was made contingent upon spending some time on a less preferred activity, an increase in the amount of time spent on less preferred work occurred. As the reinforcement schedule was gradually reduced in terms of time allowed on more preferred work, time spent on the less preferred activity tended to increase. Behavior did not return to baseline levels on extinction, however. Possible reasons for these findings are outlined, together with the practical advantages of utilizing Premack's generalization as a reinforcement technique for motivating retarded individuals in rehabilitation settings. PMID- 1121989 TI - Complications caused by difficult removal of laminaria tents. PMID- 1121990 TI - Clinical features of idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis. Schoenberg Lecture. AB - Of 150 consecutive cases of preretinal macular fibrosis that occurred predominantly in older subjects, 118 cases involved only one eye while 32 occurred binocularly. The ratio of women to men was 3:2. Visual acuity was usually 20/50 or better, and only four of 178 eyes had acuity below 20/200. The vast majority of lesions involved the macula and few extended outside the macular zone. The characteristic clinical finding on ophthalmoscopy was a glinting reflex probably due to a layer of connective tissue cells lying on the internal limiting membrane. Small white exudates, venous abnormalities, and occasional hemorrhages may also be part of prepretinal macular fibrosis. Amsler grid testing usually demonstrated irregularity and distortion of some part of the grid. Fluorescein angiography revealed a characteristic tortuosity of the small macular vessels. Most eyes had previous posterior vitreous detachments but, except for one possible case, there were no cases where the posterior vitreous body was adherent to either the retinal membrane or the macular region. There was no significant systemic disease related to preretinal macular fibrosis. In most instances, preretinal macular fibrosis either was stationary or slowly progressive. The etiology and treatment of the condition remains obscure. PMID- 1121991 TI - Relationship of idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis to posterior vitreous detachment. AB - Of 100 consecutive cases of spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment, 20 patients had bilateral posterior vitreous detachments, and 50 patients experienced light flashes just before, or at the moment, that they noticed a floating opacity. Most patients had no loss of vision at the time. A prominent provoking factor rarely caused the detachment. In five cases there were hemorrhages at the disk where the posterior attachment of the vitreous body was torn from the disk margin. Six peripheral retinal holes were found in patients with posterior vitreous detachments and in four, the holes were fresh and three were associated with fresh blood in the peripheral vitreous body. There was no attachment between the posterior face of the receding vitreous body and the macular region. There were no macular pathologic findings in this study and there was no secondary pathology anywhere near the macula at the posterior pole. Spontaneous preretinal macular fibrosis did develop in two cases after posterior vitreous detachment, but only after more than two years and in the absence of any vitreoretinal adhesion. PMID- 1121992 TI - Congenital preretinal macular fibrosis. AB - A 35-year-old woman and a 36-year-old man had asymptomatic, preretinal macular fibrosis involving their left eyes. Both patients were asymptomatic and the lesions were found on routine ocular examination. An opaque gray fibrotic membrane extended toward a lamellar hole in the macular region. Vision, fluorescein angiograms, and Amsler grid testing were normal in both cases. The defect in these two cases possibly arose during early embryonic development and might have been due to a defect produced by adherence of the primary vitreous body to the retina, thus differentiating them from idiopathic preretinal fibrosis, PMID- 1121993 TI - Ultrastructure and clinicopathologic correlation of idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis. AB - Detailed light and electron microscopic examination of early idiopathic preretinal fibrosis lesions showed that the fibrosis consisted of a layer of glial cells on the retinal surface. Two cases supported the clinical observation that a glinting retinal reflex preceded the development of retinal folds and traction lines. In both cases there was a break in the inner limiting lamina through which glial cells migrated and, presumably, proliferated on the retinal surface. There was no evidence for vitreoretinal adhesions. The ultrastructural similarity of the lesion to preretinal glial membranes seen in other disease entities suggested the possibility of a common biochemical stimulus for glial cell migration and proliferation on the retinal surface. PMID- 1121994 TI - Central retinal artery occlusion. AB - Data regarding the etiology and subsequent course of 54 patients with an occlusion of the central retinal artery included the following: of 44 patients over 40 years of age at the time of the central retinal artery occlusion, eight (18%) had cerebrovascular accidents, but only two patients (5%) had a stroke clearly related to the vessels involving the affected central retinal artery. Five patients (11%) had occlusive disease of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery; two of these had cerebral involvement later or simultaneously. Ten of the older patients had cardiac valvular disease and presumed embolic occlusion of the central retinal artery. Associated medical disorders were common. Of the ten patients under 40 years of age, six occlusions were secondary to atrial myxoma, mitral insufficiency with Marfan's syndrome, polycythemia, hypercoagluopathy, hypertension, and orbital compression. Four had no apparent etiology at onset and were in good health many years later. PMID- 1121995 TI - Retinal vascular lesions in two patients with prolapsed mitral valve leaflets. AB - Two patients with retinal vascular lesions had mid-late systolic clicks on cardiac auscultation, suggesting the diagnosis of prolapsed mitral valve. The first patient demonstrated an inferonasal arteriolar branch occlusion secondary to embolization; the second patient had a central vein occlusion with multiple hemorrhages, glial proliferative tissue, and retinal neovascularization. This report describes the association between the prolapsed mitral valve syndrome and retinal vascular lesions. PMID- 1121996 TI - Lacquer crack lesions in pathologic myopia. AB - In evaluating the anatomic and functional status of 22 eyes of 14 patients demonstrating lacquer cracks, these lesions occurred in the eyes of young adults with posterior staphylomas and markedly increased axial lengths. Decreased visual acuity and altered visual fields were the rule; choroidal hemorrhage and focal chorioretinal atrophy were less frequently associated. Fluorescein angiography revealed early and late pseudofluorescence and late staining of the lesions. These clinical data suggest that lacquer cracks represent healed, mechanical breaks in the pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane-choriocapillaris complex. The presence of these lesions implies a guarded prognosis for the retention of central vision. PMID- 1121997 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma of the conjunctiva. AB - A 75-year-old man with known Kaposi's sarcoma of three-years' duration developed chronic hemorrhagic thickening of the conjunctiva. Biopsy demonstrated histopathologically that the conjunctiva thickening represented sarcoma involvement. Although surgically untenable, the conjunctival lesion responds satisfactorily to radiotherapy. PMID- 1121998 TI - Anterior segment complications of retinal photocoagulation. AB - Seven patients had anterior segment complications following xenon arc retinal photocoagulation. Irreversible keratopathy was induced in two cases; all patients showed evidence of iris injury. The absorption of radiation by the iris was considered the main factor in producing overheating of the anterior segment. PMID- 1121999 TI - Corneal perforation in nontuberculous (staphylococcal) phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. AB - An 18-year-old white man with severe staphylococcal blepharokeratoconjunctivitis of several years' duration developed phylctenules intermittently. At age 22 an active corneal phlyctenule caused perforation of the cornea. Seven days after this occurrence, the perforation closed spontaneously but perforated again ten days later. This occurrence may have been caused by an increase in the patient's hypersensitivity to the Staphylococcus as a result of concurrent viral infection, or it may have been due to the patient's failure to return for treatment at the scheduled time. The area of perforation appeared to be healed 10 and one half months later. PMID- 1122000 TI - Ocular fireworks injuries. AB - A survey in Arkansas of 14 cases of ocular injuries caused by the explosion of Class C fireworks showed significant, and possibly permanent, visual loss in five men. The most common injuries, corneal abrasion and hyphema, occurred in nine male patients with no residual ocular damage. PMID- 1122002 TI - Monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy in office practice. PMID- 1122001 TI - Ocular changes in epidermolysis bullosa letalis. AB - Ocular changes in a rare case of epidermolysis bullosa letalis included edema of the trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, lens, optic nerve, and formation of edema cysts in the iris. The retinal was completely detached and focally necrotic. Foci of necrosis and detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium were also observed with occasional breach in the Bruch's membrane. The choroid showed focal edema and congestion. PMID- 1122003 TI - Editorial: Bioavailability, bioequivalence and bias. PMID- 1122004 TI - Letter: Hydroxyamphetamine test in Horner's syndrome. PMID- 1122005 TI - Letter: Fundus albipunctatus. PMID- 1122006 TI - Effects of renal lymphatic occlusion and venous constriction on renal function. AB - The effects of renal lymphatic occlusion or increased lymph flow due to renal vein constriction on renal function were investigated in rats. In each experiment, the renal lymphatics or vein of the left kidney were occluded or constricted and the right kidney served as a control. Occlusion of renal lymphatics caused renal enlargement, no change in glomerular filtration rate, a marked increase in urine flow and solute excretion without any change in urine osmolality, and enhanced urinary loss of urea, potassium, sodium and ammonium. Urea concentrations in medullary and papillary tissues were significantly elevated. Renal vein constriction caused renal enlargement and a marked drop in glomerular filtration rate, urine volume, urine osmolality and solute excretion. tissue concentrations of urea and potassium were decreased in the medulla and papilla and total tissue solute was significantly decreased in the papilla. The data indicate that in the rat, renal lymphatic occlusion traps urea in the medulla and induces a urea diuresis resulting in a large flow of normally concentrated urine. On the other hand, increased lymph flow secondary to renal vein constriction decreases medullary urea and potassium concentrations and papillary osmolality. These changes and the reduced glomerular filtration rate result in a small flow if dilute urine. Thus both renal lymphatic occlusion and enhanced lymph flow have a significant effect on renal function. PMID- 1122007 TI - Experimental hypertension. The effects of chemical ablation of the renal papilla on the blood pressure of rats with and without silver-clip hypertension. AB - Because of the ease with which ablation of the renal papilla of the rat can be effected by chemical means, a study was carried out to determine the effects of this ablation on the blood pressure. Significant elevation was found, lennding support to the idea of the antihypertensive role of the renal medulla. Constriction of one renal artery of rats with their papillae removed resulted in a more rapid and greater elevation of pressure than the same procedure in rats ith their papillae intact. The rise in pressure approximated the sum of the rises caused by removal of the papilla alone and by renal artery constriction alone, consistent with the idea of two mechanisms being at work in this model. PMID- 1122008 TI - Cardiopulmonary baroreflexes: effects of staircase, ramp, and square-wave stimulation. AB - Anesthetized dogs were pump perfused in a system that held systemic arterial pressure constant. Pulmonary arterial beds were pressurized, and the induced transient falls of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were measured. An approximately linear relationship between percent fall of SVR and pulmonary artery pressure was obtained. Left atria and pulmonary venous beds were pressurized using square-pulse, staircase, and ramp wave forms, and changes in SVR were measured. The effect of varying the interval between stimuli was appraised. An approximately linear relationship was obtained for responses to square-wave left atrial forcing pressure (Pla). With staircase forcing, the change of SVR per unit change of Pla depended upon prestimulus Pla. With ramp forcing, responses increased approximately linearly with respect to the logarithm of the rate of pressure rise. Responses to square-wave stimulation varied directly with respect to the interstimulus interval. This study shows that left atrial-pulmonary vein baroreflexes are capable of producing substantial short term falls of SVR, and that the response depends upon stimulus pressure, rate of pressure change, base-line pressure, and pressure history. PMID- 1122009 TI - Oxidative energy metabolism in germ-free and conventional rat liver mitochondria. AB - The ADP:O ratios and State 3 (ADP-stimulated) and State 4 (controlled) rates of succinate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, isocitrate, glutamate, pyruvate + malate, alpha ketoglutarate, and ascorbate + N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD) oxidation were examined in liver mitochondria from germ-free and conventional rats of both Lobund Wistar (100-day-old) and Fisher (120-day-old) strains. The State 3 respiration rates of isolated mitochondria from germ-free and conventional rats were comparable except for the rate of succinate oxidation in the Wistar rats, which was significantly lower (approx. 10%). The State 4 respiration rates were generally lower in mitochondria isolated from germ-free Fisher rats (approx. 8%) and significantly lower (approx. 18%) in germ-free Wistar rats. The ADP:O ratios were similar in germ-free and conventional rats. Serum thyroxine concentrations indicated delayed maturation of thyroid function in young germ-free rats, but adult animals had concentrations similar to those found in conventional rats. The results indicate that, although absence of a microflora results in a 20-30% reduction in metabolic rate, the germ-free state has little influence on the functional respiration or oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria isolated from the liver of the adult rat. PMID- 1122010 TI - [Experimental erysipelas in different species as a model for systemic connective tissue disease. II. The chronic phase with special reference to polyarthritis (author's transl)]. AB - INTRODUCTION: In part I of this paper (Schulz et al., 1975) it was shown that in the initial phase of experimental erysipelas a transition from the vascular processes to a systemic connective tissue reaction can be demonstrated in different species. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the chronic phase of the disease with special emphasis on polyarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 12 spontaneously diseased and 22 experimentally infected pigs were used in experiments to study the pathogenesis of the disease. In addition, 74 Wistar rats and 148 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the experiments. All experimental animals were specific-pathogen-free and were parenterally infected with the standardized E. insidiosa serotype B strain T 28. The observation period for the pigs was up to 2 years, for the rats up to 11 months. The methods used for pathohistological and electron microscopical studies are described in part I. Immunihistological studies were carried out on synovial tissue with peroxidase conjugates of goat-anti-pig-IgG, goat-anti-pig-IgM, pig-collagen, E. insidiosa homogenate and heat-aggregated-pig-IgG. Furthermore, goat-anti-pig-IgG and rabbit anti-pig-C3 conjugated with FITC were used. Passive hemagglutination tests and Latex agglutination test (Singer and Plotz) were performed to demonstrate rheumatoid factors and collagen antibodies. RESULTS: Polyarthritis occurred in pigs between the 4th and 10th day p.i. and between the 4th and 8th day p.i. in nearly 100% of the infected rats. Fibrinous exudation, proliferation and destruction with pannus formation are marked in most of the joints examined during the first three months. Fibrosis begins 30 days p.i. in the rats' joints and is most severe in both species between the 5th and 8th month. 3 types of lining cells may be differentiated electron microscopically: A (M) cells, B (F) cells and an intermediate form which is found in both species most frequently. Swelling of the endothelial cells together with constriction of the lumen and thickening of the basal membrane occurs in the capillaries. DISCUSSION: A comparison of chronic erysipelas polyarthritis in pigs and rats with rheumatoid arthritis of men reveals many morphological and immunological similarities between the two diseases. Systemic connective tissue activation manifests itself in organs predilected for rheumatic changes, such as heart valves, endocardium and joints. The possible prepetuation of the processes by specific or nonspecific immunomechanisms or by deposits of fibrin is discussed. In addition, experimental erysipelas is reproducible in nearly 100% of the animals given one single subcutaneous application of one defined bacteria strain. Therefore too, erysipelas is suited as an animal model for human rheumatic diseases. PMID- 1122011 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural study of the adrenal cortex: effects of a mammotropic pituitary tumor producing growth hormone and prolactin (MtT-W10), and of injected growth hormone in the rat. AB - The ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex has been examined in animals bearing a growth hormone and prolactin secreting mammotropic tumor (MtT-W 10). The large quantities of hormone secreted by the tumor caused a stimulation of zona fasciculata cells. The adrenal weight increased approximately 2-fold in tumor bearing animals. There were increases in the cellular volume of zona fasciculata cells and in the volume of mithchondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum per cell as determined by quantitative morphometric techniques. The surface area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and total mitochondrial membranes showed a significant increase in zona fasciculata cells as well. Injections of purified bovine growth hormone caused small but not significant increases in mitochondrial and smooth endoplasmic reticulum volumes. Growth hormone however did induce a significant increase in the surface area of mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 1122012 TI - [Situation of pathology in German. Value of clinical pathology]. PMID- 1122013 TI - [Situation of pathology in Germany. Viewpoint of a prosecture-pathologist]. PMID- 1122014 TI - Methyoxuflurane and serum fluoride concentrations during anaesthesia and postoperative renal function. AB - In twenty gynaecological patients scheduled for hysterectomy, arterial blood concentrations of methoxyflurane and fluoride ions were measured during operation. Renal function was assessed by pre and postoperative measurements of BUN, creatinine, osmolality and serum electrolytes. Fluid balances were calculated by the daily intake and output values. During the first five postoperative days, from the 12 hour urine specimens the fluoride concentrations were measured, and from the 24 hour specimens urine electrolytes and creatinine levels were calculated. No clinical or laboratory evidence of renal dysfunction was observed. Fluoride levels were lower than those previously associated with renal toxicity. Methoxyflurane concentrations in arterial blood showed concentrations lower as previously reported. PMID- 1122015 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of methoxyflurane in maternal and foetal blood during anaesthesia for Caesarean sections. AB - In 50 cases of Caesarean section for various indication, methoxyflurane was administered to two groups of patients in two different dosages by a Pentec vaporizer. Blood was sampled simultaneously in the radial artery of the mother and in the umbilical vein. The methoxyflurane concentrations of both samples of blood were measured by gas chromatography. With an inspiratory concentration of 0.2 vol.-% methoxyflurane, the mean concentration was 166 mumol/1(2.75 mg/100 ml) in the maternal blood and 69 mumol/1 (1.14 mg/100 ml) in the umbilical vein. With 0.5 vol.-%, the corresponding values were 345 mumol/1 (5.72 mg/100 ml) and 137 mumol/1 (2.25 mg/100 ml) respectively. The condition of the new-born did not appear to be affected by the given doses of methoxyflurane. PMID- 1122016 TI - Role of thiopentone, nitrous oxide and relaxant anaesthesia in causing the syndrome of post-operative paralysis in man. AB - Forty-seven patients undergoing elective/emergency surgery were investigated for the recovery pattern by numerically scoring the state of consciousness, skeletomuscular tone, respiration and blood pressure after the neuromuscular transmission at the level of thenar muscles returned to normalcy. Anaesthesia in them consisted of thiopentone induction and passive ventilation with nitrous oxide and oxygen mixtures (4 1/2:2 1/2 1) with consequent changes in PaCO-2 (22.0 to 90 mm Hg) after using 0.43 to 0.68 mg/kg d-tubocurarine or 2.3 to 3.8 mg/kg gallamine. In this series twelve patients were selected at random and biological assay of cerebrospinal fluid in them for curare/gallamine after 15 min anaesthesia and in the recovery phase was carried out on frog rectus muscle. All the patients recovered satisfactorily and did not present clinical signs of depression of central nervous system, even though all of them showed the presence of curare (ranging from 0.05 to 0.33 mug/ml) and gallamine (from 0.1 to 0.75 mug/ml) in the cerebrospinal fluid. This study therefore indicates that thiopentone, nitrous oxide and relaxant type of anaesthesia does not cause clinical syndrome of post-operative paralysis even when mild to moderate degree of hypocapnia is present and even when such a technique of anaesthesia is administered in poor-risk patients with associated changes in acid-base balance, electrolytes etc. Significant quantities of skeleto-muscular relaxant drug (used during the technique) when found in cerebrospinal fluid after the technique of anaesthesia need not induce post-operative paralysis in man. PMID- 1122017 TI - [Integration of palmitat-1-14-C in lecithine and phospholipid content in normal and micro-embolized rabbit lungs (author's transl)]. AB - Glass microspheres were used for a diffuse pulmonary microembolisation, as a modell for shock lung. Microembolisation is regarded as an important factor in pathogenesis of shock lung. The capacity of lung for lecithin synthesis was measured with palmitat-1-14-C incorporation. The phospholipid content and the composition of the fatty acids of lecithin were investigated. From the results it was possible, that the surfactant system may alterated by the vascular blocking. The dates supporting the importance of microembolisation in pathogenesis of shock lung. PMID- 1122018 TI - [Intense therapy in two cases of "near-drowning" (author's transl)]. AB - A short review of the pathophysiological mechanisms in case of 'drowning' or 'near drowning' with or without aspiration of hypo- or hypertonic water is given. In our clinical experience on 22 cases, 17 did not need intensive care and improved without further problems. 3 came dead into the clinic, there being more than 30 min latency between cardiac arrest and the beginning of resuscitation, resuscitation, therefore, being without success. The last 2 cases of 'near drowning' with fresh water aspiration developed, 100 min and 50 min respectively after the drowning accident, fulminant pulmonary oedema, which could be cured after application of PEEP in Engstroom-IPPB in one case. In our opinion PEEP should be applied in all cases of intraalveolar pulmonary oedema in the same way as was advised for interstitial pulmonary oedema, if the individual case requires mechanical ventilation at all. The possibility of pulmonary oedema developing, even hours after the accident and primary resuscitation, should be born in mind in all cases of 'near-drowning'. PMID- 1122019 TI - Substrate analyses in single cells. I. Determination of ATP. PMID- 1122020 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of the optical purities of amino acids using N trifluoroacetyl menthyl esters. PMID- 1122021 TI - An assay for hydroxyproline and proline on one sample and a simplified method for hydroxyproline. PMID- 1122022 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of brain adenine nucleoside and nucleotides and determination of ATP specific activity. PMID- 1122023 TI - Autoinjector for the determination of picomolar quantities of ATP with a liquid scintillation counter. PMID- 1122024 TI - Removal of pectins from methylated rRNA and precursors by LiCl. PMID- 1122025 TI - A sensitive Autoanalytical method for sialic acids. PMID- 1122026 TI - A reliable, sensitive, and convenient radioactive assay for benzpyrene monooxygenase. PMID- 1122027 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of polyols and aldoses in human urine as polyacetates and aldononitrile polyacetates. PMID- 1122028 TI - Tritosol: a new scintillation cocktail based on Triton X-100. PMID- 1122029 TI - Direct counting of tissues containing radioactive cholesterol by a two-phase liquid scintillation method. PMID- 1122030 TI - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a method for differentiation of gut proteinases which catalyze the hydrolysis of amino acid naphthylamides. PMID- 1122031 TI - Photochemical degradation of dansyl amino acids on thin-layer chromatography plates. PMID- 1122032 TI - A water fountain for decontamination of used vials and test tubes. PMID- 1122033 TI - Assay of inorganic and organic phosphorus in the 0.1-5 nanomole range. PMID- 1122034 TI - Identification of subnanomole amounts of phenylthiohydantoins of the cysteine and methionine derivatives most commonly obtained in protein sequencing. PMID- 1122035 TI - A simple method for providing liquid scintillation counters with external fluor, well counting capabilities. PMID- 1122036 TI - Solution of eumelanin showing no light scattering. PMID- 1122037 TI - Structure of rat ultimobranchial bodies after birth. AB - The evolution of ultimobranchial bodies in Holtzman rats during the first 64 weeks after birth was studied by reconstructing three-dimensional models from serial sections stained by the periodic acid-Schiff technique.Radio-autography with 125I was made to see if ultimobranchial cells and/or follicular cells lining the lumen of mixed follicles were able to iodinate proteins. The term ultimobranchial body designates herein an embryonic vesicular structure (derived from the third pharyngeal pouch) whose wall is made of stratified squamous epithelium. During the first week after birth, the vesicular ultimobranchial body elongates rapidly and becomes a canal or a duct. During the second week, cell desquamation brings about local dilatations in the lumen of these ducts; with further enlargement ultimobranchial follicles will appear. In one-day-old rats, mixed follicles are present. Only the follicular component of mixed follicles iodinates proteins as is shown by radioautography. The reconstructed models enlarge rapidly up to the 56th day after birth at which time their weight has increased nineteenfold. These same models show that the three morphological components of ultimobranchial parenchyma, namely ducts, follicles and mixed follicles, are in continuity within the thyroid parenchyma. The formation of new thyroid follicles after birth and the possiblility that the ultimobranchial parenchyma may function as an endocrine gland of holocrine type are discussed. PMID- 1122038 TI - Pathways of clearance in mouse lungs exposed to iron oxide aerosols. AB - The history of particle clearance was studied in lungs of mice serially sacrificed at intervals up to 14 months following single exposures to an aerosol of submicronic, particulate, iron oxide used as a similitude for atmospheric dust. Clearance was followed by light microscopy in unstained and Prussian blue stained frozen and plastic embedded sections, as well as by electron microscopy, where iron oxide can be recognized by its form. Related problems were investigated through histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in pulmonary lysosomes and Prussian blue staining of various tissues after administration of iron compounds by gastrointestinal and vascular routes. The iron particles settle extensively but not uniformly on pulmonary alveolar surfaces. Clearance is centripetal and involves two mechanisms, an extracellular mechanism fed by fluid currents sweeping across the surfcace, and cellular mechanism principally involving alveolar macrophages. In the early post exposure period both actively remove deposited particles predominantly through the pulmonary airways. By 24 hours uncleared residues have become ingested and clearance thereafter results mainly from cellular action. Macrophages enter bronchial passages where they sometimes continue to pursue normal activities. A chronic phase of clearance begins when deposited particles become sequestered in macrophages of pulmonary connective tissues. These cells are reached by several routes, not least by crossing the bronchial epithelium. Particle clearance from these macrophages is very slow, and residue-containg cells eventually congregate in lymphoid tissues surrounding major bronchi. These findings are discussed as they help to develop an overall picture of clearance from the lungs and as they bear on related topics, such as functional roles of alveolar and pulmonary connective tissue macrophages and the pathogenesis of chronic bronchial disease. PMID- 1122039 TI - The wall structure of the arteries in the corpora cavernosa penis of rabbits; light and electron microscopy. AB - Wall structures of the arteries in the corpora cavernosa penis were observed in rabbits. The deep (central) arteries in the proximal part of the penis have five or more independent ridges of the wall which are formed by the internal layer of the media consisting of almost longitudinal muscle cell layers. Electron microscopy of these regions revealed that the endothelial cells are connected to each other by many maculae and zonulae adherentes, and that smooth muscle cells of the media are separated from one another by a wide intercellular space embedding abundant collagenous fibers. The epithelioid cells constituting the media of the helicine branches of the deep artery vary in their fine structure from close resemblance to muscle cells, to cells with easily identified special features. Frankly epithelioid cells have few scattered cytoplasmic filaments of a single type, 60-90A in diameter, abundant ribosomes, active Golgi, and other features different from the typical smooth muscle cells. There is no suggestion that these epithelioid cells are either degenerative or undifferentiated forms of smooth muscle cells, as postulated by light microscopists. Transitions from muscle to epithelioid cells are consistent with, but not proved by, our data. PMID- 1122040 TI - The postanatal development of high-endothelial venules in lymph nodes of mice. AB - The postnatal development of high-endothelial venules (HE-venules) in popliteal lymph nodes of normal and athymic mice was studied by light and electron microscopy. In the normal mice, undifferentiated postcapillary HEvenules are already present at birth. During the first four days after birth, ribosomes and mitochondria in the endothelial cells of the venules become more numerous, and the endoplasmic reticulum and in particular the Golgi complexes enlarge. At day four lymphocyte diapedesis through the venules becomes apparent. From the tenth day the HEvenules are structurally mature. However, diapedesis activity still increases till about a month postnatally. In mice with congenital aplasia of the thymus (nude mice) and in neonatally thymectomized mice the development of the HEvenules is similar to that in normal mice. In the athymic mice both lymphocytes and granulocytes migrate through the walls of the HEvenules. However, the blood level of lymphocytes in these mice is far below the value in normal mice. It is concluded that the development of the HEvenules during the first month of life is independent of the blood level of lymphocytes. PMID- 1122041 TI - Spatial distribution of rat fungiform papillae. AB - The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of fungiform papillae on the rat's tongue. Since each fungiform papilla in the rat has a single taste bud, the spatial distribution of fungiform papillae is equivalent to the location of taste buds on the anterior tongue. A mean total number of 187 fungiform papillae per tongue were found which were about equally divided between the two lateral halves of the tongue. Over 50% of the total number of fungiform papillae were located on the tongue tip for an average density of 3.4 papillae/mm2,while the dorsal surface of the tongue had an average density of 1.3 papillae/mm2 of tongue surface. Papillae were absent on the dorsal midline, but a paracentral line of papillae running from anterior to posterior was a consistent finding. Though not identical, the distribution of papillae was essentially the same on different tongues. The functional significance of the papilla distribution is not understood, but electrophysiological experiments show evidence of neural interaction of papillae which are clustered together. The distribution of papillae and the distribution of nerve fibers which innervate them must be evaluated together in order to appreciate the significance of the distribution of fungiform papillae and their associated taste buds. PMID- 1122042 TI - A quick,effect method for dissecting the middle ear. PMID- 1122043 TI - Role of blood pressure in cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study. PMID- 1122044 TI - The early detection and treatment of hypertension. PMID- 1122045 TI - The office management of hypertension. PMID- 1122046 TI - Prognostic and therapeutic considerations in pure hypertension vs hypertension and superimposed arteriosclerosis. AB - In summary, a prognostic and therapeutic evaluation of 227 patients first seen from 1967 to the end of 1969 with a follow-up of 4-7 years was made. The results are indeed depressing. In spite of close follow-up and systematic treatment with modern antihypertensive agents, the mortality of patients having hypertension with superimposed arteriosclerosis was 27% (15 to 56) for males as contrasted to 3% (2 of 75) for females. Since the last casual blood pressure in both living and deceased patients of the mixed group were similar, the level of blood pressure following treatment could not be incriminated for the deceased patients. An exaggerated systolic and pulse pressure cold pressor response emerged as an important indicator of presence of arteriosclerosis alone. When hypertension and arteriosclerosis coexisted there was also exaggeration in diastolic cold pressor response. A further exaggeration in systolic and diastolic cold pressor response was seen in the decreased as compared to living male patients, a finding which appears to have grave prognostic significance for coronary heart disease and stroke. Thus a marked exaggeration in both systolic and diastolic cold pressor response in males might prove to be the single most important predictor of premature death from atherosclerotic vascular disease. A further analysis of the deceased male patients having hypertension and superimposed arteriosclerosis, indicates that treatment of hypertension may prevent oeath from stroke but not form coronary heart disease. Two-thirds of the deaths occur suddenly and only one third of the deceased patients reached the hospital befor dying. In view of these distressing findings a plea for early detection and treatment of hypertension, prior to the development of superimposed arteriosclerotic changes, particularly in males, is made. PMID- 1122047 TI - Possible hazard with use of fiberglass air filters. AB - The proper use of air filtration is of established importance in the environmental treatment of nasal and pulmonary allergies. Unfortunately the use of fiberglass material in central heating and cooling systems has created a possible insult to tissues already sensitized. The alternate use of washable all metal mesh filters is highly recommended. PMID- 1122048 TI - Occurrence of nasal septal perforation with use of intranasal dexamethasone aerosol. PMID- 1122049 TI - Letter: "Final report of the Food Allergy Commitee of the American College of Allergists on the clinical evaluation of sublingual provocative testing method for diagnosis of food allergy.". PMID- 1122050 TI - Letter: 'Airborne fungi form five states in the continental United States and Puerto Rico.". PMID- 1122051 TI - Letter: "The effects of air bubbles and time delay on blood gas analysis.". PMID- 1122052 TI - Atopic skin test re-evaluated. III. The wheal: flare ratio, the log-dose response curve and the bio-assay of allergen extracts. AB - It is demonstrated that the sum of the length and width of the flare is linearly correlated with the logarithm of the sum of the length and width of the wheal; on this basis a valuable "skin-reaction index" is proposed. Furthermore, the log dose response curve of the skin reaction, at least in the medium-sized reactions, proved to be a straight line. These methods permit a bio-assay of allergens extracts giving a maximal dispersion of 100% above and below the exact value. Coefficient of variation: 62%. PMID- 1122053 TI - Passive immunity in transmissible gastroenteritis of swine: intramuscular injection of pregnant swine with a modified live-virus vaccine. AB - Nine pregnant swine were intramuscularly injected with a modified live-virus transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) vaccine at approximately 6 and 2 weeks before parturition. The TGE antibody levels in milk whey rapidly decreased within a few days after parturition, and the antibodies were mainly, if not solely, of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class. Nursing newborn pigs were challenge exposed with virulent TGE virus when 2 to 4 days old. All pigs in 8 of the 9 litters became affected with typical signs of TGE. Of the pigs nursing vaccinated sows, 55% died, and of the 9 vaccinated sows, 8 became affected after challenge exposure of their litters. Subsequently, the antibody titers in serum and milk markedly increased in all 9 sows, with the antibody in milk being predominantly of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) class. Serum samples of prenursing newborn pigs from vaccinated sows did not contain detectable TGE antibodies. The capability of the vaccinated sows to provide only limited passive immunity to their suckling pigs was considered to be due mainly to the low titer and class (IgG) of TGE antibody existing in the milk of the sows at the time the newborn pigs were challenge exposed. PMID- 1122054 TI - Toward a behavioral definition of genius. PMID- 1122055 TI - Air travel across time zones. PMID- 1122056 TI - Experiential modification of the developing brain. PMID- 1122057 TI - The benefits of boredom: sensory deprivation reconsidered. PMID- 1122058 TI - Use of the gallbladder neck in the reconstruction of the bifurcation of the main hepatic ducts. AB - A case of successful resection of an adenocarcinoma of the junction of the right, left and common hepatic ducts is reported. The right hepatic duct was anastomosed to the gallbladder neck and the left hepatic to the common hepatic duct in order to restore the continuity of the biliary tract. This unusual technique offered effective decompression. It may prove, in selected patients with a normal gallbladder and a wide cystic duct, to be a useful alternative to other commonly performed internal drainage procedures. PMID- 1122059 TI - Bile duct adenomatosis of the liver: a misleading finding on surgical exploration of the abdomen. AB - A patient found to have the unusual condition of bile duct adenomatosis of the liver is discussed. The liver was "peppered" with small subcapsular nodules, which microscopically appeared as multilocular cysts, lined with cuboidal cells similar to those of normal bile ducts. This benign condition most likely is developmental in etiology, and may present early in life as polycystic liver disease, or later when discovered as an incidental finding at laparotomy or autopsy. Its differentiation from metastatic disease by the surgeon on gross examination of liver alone may not be possible. PMID- 1122060 TI - Agenesis of the gallbladder: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of agenesis of the gallbladder are presented. In one patient there was a remnant of cystic duct, the other had no cystic duct. A brief review of the literature is included. PMID- 1122061 TI - Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the dog. 3. The effect of antidiuretic hormone on pancreatic tissue and body fluids. AB - Antidiuretic hormone had a marked effect on the microscopic anatomy of the pancreas and the duodenum subjected to a closed duodenal loop obstruction. In contrast to the acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis usually seen, the pancreas showed only a slight extravasation of red and white blood cells into the connective tissue spaces, some blood vessel engorgement and a slight edema. No tissue disruption of the pancreas was observed. The appearance of the closed loops were also modified by the antidiuretic hormone. These closed loops contained small amounts of fluid with little odor and the duodenal villi showed little or no necrosis. Antidiuretic hormone also reduced the amylase concentration and the fluid volume in the peritoneal cavity and in the closed duodenal loop. PMID- 1122062 TI - Liposarcoma of the hand. PMID- 1122063 TI - A difference between the inheritance of classical juvenile-onset and maturity onset type diabetes of young people. AB - A difference in the inheritance of diabetes has been shown between the families of twenty-six patients with maturity-onset type diabetes of young people (MODY) and families of thirty-five patients with classical juvenile-onset diabetes (JOD). In the families of MODY: 1) twenty-two of twenty-six (85 per cent) propositi had a diabetic parent; 2) 46 per cent of families showed direct vertical transmission of diabetes through three generations; 3) of forty-seven tested siblings twenty-five (53 per cent) had latent diabetes; 4) the diabetic phenotype in the families was consistent, most affected individuals having a noninsulin requiring type of disease. These findings are compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance of MODY, although they do not exclude multifactorial inheritance. In contrast, in the families of JOD: 1) only four (11 per cent) of propositi had a diabetic parent; 2) three generation inheritance was found in only two (6 per cent) of JOD families, and 3) of seventy-four tested siblings eight (11 per cent) were diabetic. This difference provides further evidence of genetic heterogeneity in diabetes mellitus and indicates that there is a need for careful definition of the phenotype of diabetes in populations in which the genetics of diabetes is to be analyzed. Diabetes 24:44-53, January, 1975. PMID- 1122064 TI - Immediate assessment of vascular operations using segmental plethysmography. AB - Segmental plethysmography was used as a monitoring device during 156 direct vessel operations on the abdominal aorta and lower extremity vessels. Patency of distal vessels was assessed continuously and noninvasively before and during wound closure. A pulsatile response at wound closure was indicative of immediate and lasting patency in 94 per cent of extremities monitored. Plethysmographic detection of acute intraoperative occlusive phenomena allowed correction of such problems during the same procedure. The "chronic nonpulsatile" plethysmographic response, although not indicative of accidental occlusions in the majority of cases, portended a poor result, primarily on the basis of insufficient collateralization around pre-existing distal occlusive disease. Patients with such responses should be considered for additional efforts at revascularization. Segmental plethysmography is a reliable and objective method of immediate assessment of vascular patency and for prediction of long-term results. PMID- 1122065 TI - Penetrating neck wounds: a review of 218 cases. AB - A series of 218 patients with penetrating wounds of the neck is presented. The overall mortality rate was 8 per cent. One hundred seventy-five patients were explored promptly after admission; 60 per cent had structural damage present within the neck. Six of the patients without signs or symptoms to suggest injury beneath the platysma had injury demonstrated at exploration. Of 38 patients who were observed, only one developed a significant late complication. Thirty-four per cent of the patients had associated extracervical injuries; 38 per cent developed one of more complications during their hospitalization. Negative neck explorations were not associated with an increase in morbidity or prolonged hospital stay. In our hospital, early exploration of all wounds that penetrate the platysma appears to be the best approach for management of penetrating neck wounds. PMID- 1122066 TI - Combined esophagogastrectomy for esophageal carcinoma performed by two surgical teams. PMID- 1122067 TI - A clinical evaluation of postoperative alkaline reflux gastritis. AB - Alkaline reflux gastritis is by far most common following gastric operations, but its true incidence remains to be determined. It is a distinct postgastrectomy disorder with unique features from other postgastrectomy syndromes. Eight patients with the diagnosis of postoperative alkaline reflux gastritis are presented. Five patients had Henley jejunal loop interposition procedures and two had takedown of their gastroenterostomy and pyloroplasty. One patient had a Roux en-Y jejunojejunostomy after a vagotomy and pyloroplasty. A Henley jejunal loop failed to relieve the symptoms in one patient and a Roux-en-Y jejunojejunostomy brought complete relief of symptoms. Six of the eight patients had esophagitis. The frequent coexistence of alkaline esophagitis and alkaline gastritis must be considered in both treatment. PMID- 1122068 TI - Surgical management of strictures of the lower thoracic esophagus. AB - An obstructing lesion of the lower thoracic esophagus should be evaluated carefully and appropriate surgical therapy planned to correct the abnormal physiology. Gastroesophageal reflux is the most frequent cause of esophageal stricture and usually can be managed effectively by dilatation of the esophagus, restoration of a competent lower esophageal sphincter, and repair of an associated hiatal hernia. Collis gastroplasty and a Belsey herniorrhaphy are useful when the esophagus is excessively shortened. Firm, fixed esophageal strictures may be treated by the Thal procedure accompanied by Nissen's fundoplication or by resection of the stricture and interposition of a colon graft or an achlorhydric tube. The management of other benign strictures secondary to scleroderma, ingestion of caustic substances, or benign neoplasms must be individualized. Most benign strictures may be cared for by dilatation; however, firm, fixed strictures should be resected. Wide surgical resection is indicated for primary malignant lesions of the lower thoracic esophagus that are localized or have limited lymph node metastasis. PMID- 1122069 TI - Diaphragmatic hernia caused by trauma: experience with 35 cases. AB - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia often is not recognized after the initial injury. Early recognition of this entity is of utmost importance since obstruction, strangulation, hemorrhage, viscus perforation, pleural fistula and empyema may occur at any time following the diaphragmatic disruption. A high index of suspicion, history of previous thoracoabdominal trauma, physical examination of the chest and roentgenographic evidence should aid in early and definitive diagnosis. Right-sided herniation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses about the right lower lung or diaphragm. Bilateral ruptures may also be encountered. Operation should be performed as soon as the diagnosis is made. In general, transabdominal route should be used in acute ruptures while chronic herniation should be approached through the chest. PMID- 1122070 TI - Effects of parasympathetic blockade on pulmonary gas trapping in the subhuman primate. PMID- 1122071 TI - Hemodynamics of experimental portal venous occlusion in dogs. AB - The effects of graded occlusion of the portal vein upon hepatic arterial blood flow were studied in anesthetized dogs to evaluate the so-called "reciprocal relationship" between portal venous flow and hepatic arterial flow in maintaining oxygenation of the liver. An obstruction that increased portal venous pressure to 20 mm Hg was accompanied by a transient increase in hepatic arterial blood flow without changing the other hemodynamic parameters. Release of portal venous occlusion was accompanied by a transient fall in hepatic arterial blood flow in this group of experiments. Increasing portal venous pressure to 30 mm Hg caused a gradual but progressive fall in arterial pressure accompanied by a significant fall in hepatic arterial blood flow. With complete obstruction of the portal vein there is a reduction in arterial pressure to the same level of portal venous pressure and a significant and sustained diminution in hepatic arterial blood flow. These observations conflict with previously described theories of a relationship between diminution in portal venous flow and increases in hepatic arterial blood flow. PMID- 1122072 TI - Extremity venous ligation: clinical and hemodynamic correlation. PMID- 1122073 TI - Surgical trauma and pericardial fibrinolytic activity. AB - Fibrinolytic activator activity was identified in canine pericardium by fibrin slide and fibrin slide and fibrin plate techniques and shown to be sighnificantly decreased following trauma. Cotton sponge abrasion, heating, drying and use of electrocautery and DC electro-shock significantly decreased pericardial fibrolytic activity. Operative decreases in pericardial fibrinolytic activator activity may be significant in the etiology of postoperative pericardial adhesions and constrictive pericardial syndromes. PMID- 1122074 TI - Presacral teratoma in the adult. AB - Sacrococcygeal teratomas are unusual tumors in children, and are extremely rare in adults. A review of the literature has revealed 69 reported cases of presacral teratomas in adults, and an additional two cases are presented, one in association with a meningocoele. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Malignant changes were noted in 11 per cent of cases. PMID- 1122075 TI - Carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia. AB - Regional anesthesia generally has been satisfactory in performing carotid endarterectomy as reviewed in a previous five-year experience from Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The results are comparable to other reported series with no operating room deaths, an overall operative mortality of 2.6 per cent, and an incidence of transient neurological deficits of 3.0 per cent with permanent neurological deficits in 2.2 per cent. PMID- 1122076 TI - Chylothorax complicating radical neck dissection. AB - The third reported instance of chylothorax occurring after left radical neck dissection is presented and the literature reviewed. The pathogenesis appears to be lymphatic leakage in the neck with accumulation of chyle in the pleural space in spite of the absence of pneumothorax. The means for entry across an intact pleura is uncertain. The condition can be managed by conservative means consisting of adequate neck drainage and thoracentesis or chest tube drainage. A favorable outcome can be expected. PMID- 1122077 TI - Biasing influences on drug arrest records: implications for deviance research. PMID- 1122078 TI - [Editorial: Urinary infection in childhood]. PMID- 1122079 TI - [Urinary tract infection in early infancy, study of 15 cases]. AB - Urinary tract infection in the newborn shows peculiar characteristics not found in older children. 15 cases of urinary tract infection in infants aged 7 days to 2 months are presented. There is higher incidence in males (11 m./4 f.). Severe clinical picture diverse and undefined clinical course, incidence of jaundice radiological findings and posterior evolution are specially noted. Early diagnosis and effective management lined in base to evolution and prognosis. Hospital stay varied between 2 and 12 weeks. No deaths were registered. PMID- 1122080 TI - [Natural history of urinary tract infection in children]. AB - Urinary tract infection was studied in 61 children whose ages ranged between 6 months and 9 years. History, symptoms, urine cultures and renal function are compared between those with normal radiology and those with pyelonephritis and/or reflux and obstructive lesions. Prognosis was analized in these two groups. PMID- 1122081 TI - [HGH release after I.M. glucagon injection]. AB - Intramuscular injection of glucagon was used to assess HGH release in 31 normal children and 4 hypopituitary dwarfs. The peak response in controls was obtained at 120 min. with values (nanograms) of 12.93 plus or minus 5.18 (p smaller than 0.0005). Values at 60 and 180 min. were equally significant when compared with basal (7.04 plus or minus 9.24, p smaller than 0.025 and 6.74 plus or minus 6.65, p smaller than 0.001). Hypopituitary dwarfs did not respond to glucagon injection. PMID- 1122082 TI - [Bleeding disorders and acetylsalicylic acid ingestion. Clinical and biological repercussion in childhood]. PMID- 1122083 TI - [Diaphragmatic hernia in newborn]. AB - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is the object of this informative review, directed to the general pediatrician. The needs for urgent diagnosis and immediate surgical treatment are both stressed. Aside its embriological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects other important areas are dealt with, such as associated malformations and surgical treatment. Special points are made regarding pre and postoperative care, including pitfalls in surgical treatment due to crowding of the abdomen under severe pressure. PMID- 1122084 TI - [Generalized lipodistrophy (Berardinelli-Seip syndrome)]. AB - One case of Berardinelli-Seip syndrome or generalized Lipodistrophy is presented: generalized lack of adipose tissue, hepatosplenomegaly, increased development, hardness and prominence of muscles and phlebomegaly were present. In the presence of hormonal investigation (STH normal, LH and plasma testosterone increased) the possible pathogenesis of the syndrome is exposed. It is also striking the high incidence of this disorder in siblings. PMID- 1122085 TI - [Letter: Limitations of electroencephalography]. PMID- 1122086 TI - [Pleural calcifications]. AB - Pleural fibro-hyaline calcification and plaques were noted in about 1% of chest Xrays carried out as a routine in adults. The etiological diagnosis is often difficult taking into consideration the considerable delay between the discovery of the lesion of the disease responsible. These abnormalities follow inflammatory pleural effusion affecting the visceral layer of the pleura. The autors recall certain possible complications, such as, functional disturbance, secondary infection, fistula formation and malignant change. The calcified plaques of the parietal pleura represent an excellent sign of exposure to asbestos in a population. Their characteristics, significance and mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 1122087 TI - [Value of isotopic exploration using 131-I-19 iodocholesterol in a case of malignant cortico-surrenaromy]. PMID- 1122089 TI - [Value of the new external ultrasonic technics in cardiology. First results 400 subjects]. PMID- 1122088 TI - [Paraneoplastic dermatoses]. PMID- 1122090 TI - [Prognosis of cholelithiasis in the aged]. PMID- 1122091 TI - [Abnormal implantation of the left coronary artery and mitral insufficiency. Fibrocalcic transformation of a papillary muscle. Surgical correction]. PMID- 1122092 TI - [Myasthenic syndrome with mixed neuromuscular block during bronchial cancer]. PMID- 1122093 TI - [Spinal paraplegia revealing metastatic malignant lymphoepithelial thymoma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 1122094 TI - Aging and senile cataracts: an integrated theory. Dedicated to professor Dr. F Hollwich on his 65th birthday. AB - Earlier theories of cataract formation have been unsatisfactory and incomplete because they usually assigned a single causative factor to the lenticular changes of cataract. The older theories tended to restrict themselves to consideration of the lens itself, and so were necessarily limited in their premises. The recent rise of interdisciplinary study in medicine has demonstrated the need for a more fundamental and yet broader search for explanations to the disease process. Aging itself is a case in point, and it gives ophthalmologists the framework for an integrated and comprehensive theory of cataract formation, presented here. This new theory considers the alterations in the lens in terms of molecular-level actions that are known to be a part of the aging process-mutation, cross-linkage, and free radical reaction. The further study of these factors, already better understood in other disciplines such as biochemistry and genetics, may lead ophthalmologists to a more precise theory of cataract formation. PMID- 1122095 TI - Some biochemical aspects of light effects on transparent eye tissues. AB - The usefulness of biochemical studies on effects of light on transparent tissues of the mammalian eye is discussed in relation to the possible role of photobiological phenomena in aging and pathology of the eye. Particular emphasis is on effects of light on interaction between different cellular constituents of the corneal stroma which appear as a factor in regulation of the corneal metabolism. Daylight filtered through the walls of glass vessels was found to depress the incorporation of 14-C glucosamine into keratansulfate fraction of the bovine corneal stroma which appears not to be bound to collagen fibrils as it is extracted by 0.15M NaC1 at 4 degrees C without any morphological change in these fibrils. Since this depression was not found in the absence of the epithelium, secretions by the epithelium of specific substances affecting the keratoyctes are suggested. The possible relation of light effects on the hydration of the cornea is discussed. PMID- 1122096 TI - The effect of dexamethasone on borderline ocular hypertension. AB - The topical steroid testing with dexamethasone 0.1% (Decadron) of one eye of 36 specially selected borderline ocular hypertensive patients produced a positive response in 25%. Similar testing of the second eye of 4 monocular open angle glaucoma patients produced a positive response in 75%. The test was thought to provide guidance for closer observation of the positive reactors, indications for therapy, and a reduction in patient clinic visits. PMID- 1122097 TI - Aniridia and congenital ptosis. AB - Congential ptosis associated with aniridia was found in 3 patients from 2 pedigrees. Nonsurgical aphakia, a condition not previously reported in association with aniridia, was also found in one case. The association of aniridia and congenital ptosis is suggested as evidence for the common mesodermal etiology of both anomalies. PMID- 1122098 TI - Embolism of a cilioretinal artery following cardiac surgery. AB - While embolic phenomena involving the central retinal artery or its branches have been often observed, reports of emboli to the cilioretinal artery are rare. A case is described in which a relatively young patient with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease sustained an embolus to a cilioretinal artery following heart surgery. PMID- 1122099 TI - Retinal vascular occlussion induced by oral contraceptives. AB - A case of unilateral retinal vascular occlusion secondary to the use of oral contraceptives is presented. The vision was only slightly affected. Fundus examination revealed tortuosity of venules around the macular area and alteration of the pigment epithelium indicating low-grade retinal vein occlusion. Periodic ophthalmologic examination is suggested to women on oral contraceptives to prevent serious thromboembolic complications. PMID- 1122100 TI - Statistics of eye collections. AB - Our data show cause of death is relatively unimportant as a factor in determining if donor eyes will be used for corneal transplantation. Two factors that are important are age of donor and time of donation (weekday vs weekend). Cultures taken at time of enucleation are positive 50% of the time. Treatment with antibiotics will reduce this to 20% to 30%. Most organisms are considered nonpathogenic and probably not important, but 15% of positive cultures of eyes used for corneal transplantation (about 4% of eyes obtained) had potentially pathogenic organisms present. PMID- 1122101 TI - Hypertonic saline solution in corneal edema. AB - Seventy-five patients (89 eyes) with corneal edema were treated with topical instillations of 5% hypertonic saline in a water soluble polymer solution (Adsorbonac). Ancillary therapy included glaucoma medications, IDU, corticosteroids, antibiotics and hydrophilic bandage lenses. The drops were instilled as frequently as required to maintain clarity, and visual acuity was utilized as the sole parameter of therapeutic efficacy. Primarily because of variations in etiology, concurrent therapy, and environmental factors, the results showed a high degree of individual variability. The therapy was uniformly well tolerated and a majority of patients demonstrated improvement in the visual acuity following use of the medication for a period of 3 months. PMID- 1122102 TI - Multifocal serous choroidopathy. AB - Six percent of young and middle-age adults with idiopathic central serous choroidopathy were found to have bilateral multifocal areas of pigment epithelial detachments and transmissional defects during fluorescein angiography. The usual features of this chronic and recurring disease warrant its classification as a specific syndrome. The maculopathy is generally unresponsive to steroid therapy and may require photocoagulation to effect a cure. PMID- 1122103 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri. PMID- 1122104 TI - Occlusion of cilioretinal vessels: case report. AB - A 38-year-old man with poor vision in the left eye was found to have occlusions of 2 cilioretinal vessels in this eye producing a central scotoma. The incidence of cilioretinal vessels varies from 7% to 20%; yet, the paucity of reports regarding occlusions of cilioretinal vessels is self-evident. The occurrence of occlusion of 2 cilioretinal vessels, in the same eye, must be extremely rare. PMID- 1122105 TI - Upper eyelid retraction after glaucoma filtering procedures. AB - After glaucoma filtration surgery, 2 patients developed overaction of Muller's muscle with resultant upper eyelid retraction. We theorize that stimulation of Muller's muscle is caused by a sympathomimetic chemical in the aqueous that travels from the bleb, under the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, to Muuller's muscle. In one case excision of Muuller's muscle relieved the retraction. In the other case, preventing aqueous from reaching Muller's muscle reduced the retraction. PMID- 1122106 TI - Combined cyclodialysis cataract extraction: a review. PMID- 1122107 TI - Effects of intravitreal prostaglandins on retinal vasculature. AB - One dose of each prostaglandin preparation was injected into the vitreous body of the right eye of 64 rabbits. Doses less than 200mug caused no toxicity. Doses greater than 200mug exhibited the following changes observed by ophthalmoscopic observation, fluorescein angiography, histologic preparation, and electron microscopy: vascular leakage, vascular occlusion, hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. Electron micrographs revealed damaged retinal vascular endothelial cells. These changes were considered secondary toxic phenomena and did not occur at physiologic prostaglandin concentrations. PMID- 1122108 TI - Prolonged pain after cyclocryotherapy performed with retrobulbar bupivicaine hydrochloride anesthesia. AB - Ten patients received retrobulbar bupivicaine (Marcaine) in conjunction with cyclocryotherapy for medically unresponsive postpenetrating keratoplasty glaucoma and were found to experience significantly longer postoperative pain than 20 patients who recieved lidocaine (Xylocaine) anesthesia. The duration of pain was correlated with the need for narcotic analgesis whenever possible. We encourage further investigation into the etiology of the discomfort after cyclocryotherapy employing retrobulbar bupivicaine anesthesia. PMID- 1122109 TI - [Surgical treatment of an isolated interatrial septal defect (ostium secundum) after 50 years of age. Immediate and long-term results. (Study of a series of 57 operations) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122110 TI - [A new technique in the surgical treatment of aortic insufficiency and of pulmonary valve regurgitation by valve prolapse and capping (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122111 TI - [The use of an intra-aortic balloon in cardiac surgery: with reference to two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122112 TI - [Systemic embolism after closure of an ostium secundum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122113 TI - [Oesophagus-airway fistulas in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122114 TI - [Concerning 3 cases of congenital oesophago-tracheo-bronchial fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122115 TI - [11 cases of non-traumatic oesophago-tracheo-bronchial fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122116 TI - [Four cases of tracheo-broncho-oesophageal fistula, probably congenital, in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122117 TI - [Concerning oesophago-tracheal and bronchial fistulas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122118 TI - [Oesophago-tracheal or oesophago-bronchial fistulas in adults resulting from non malignant causes. (Therapeutic problems in relation to 7 personal cases of oesophagotracheal or oesophago-bronchial fistulas after respiratory resuscitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122119 TI - [Pulmonary arterio-venous fistulas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122120 TI - [Traumatic ruptures of the thoracic aorta and their surgical treatment]. PMID- 1122121 TI - [Traumatic ruptures of aortic isthmus: problems of emergency repair (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122122 TI - [Formation of organic acids by an active strain of Act. rimosus and by an inactive mutant in relation to oxytetracycline biosynthesis]. AB - Formation of organic acids by an active oxytetracycline-producing strain and an inactive mutant under conditions favourable (starch medium) and unfavourable (glucose medium) for the antibiotic biosynthesis was studied. It was shown that the active strain practically produced no organic acids on the starch medium. Under conditions unfavourable for the antibiotic biosynthesis the decrease in the activity level correlated with accumulation of marked amounts of pyruvic and lactic acids. The mutant possessing no capacity for the antibiotic biosynthesis produced significant amounts of pyruvic, acetic and lactic acids, the amounts of the acids markedly increased on the glucose medium. By the composition of keto acids the active strain and the inactive mutant did not differ. PMID- 1122123 TI - [Study of the population makeup and antibiotic and transamidinase activity of Actinomyces streptomycini 773 stored for a long period in a lyophilized, dried state]. AB - Studies on variation of the streptomycin-producing organism Act. streptomycini 773 on its storage in lyophilized state showed that prolonged maintenance (for 8 years) resulted in increased percentage of "oligospore" (up to 6.9 per cent) and asporogenic (up to 6.0 per cent) variants in the population. The variants had lower transamidinase and antibiotic activity. PMID- 1122124 TI - [Action of antibiotic 1719 from a group of diazo compounds on hematopoiesis in laboratory animals and its pharmacokinetics]. AB - Antibiotic 1719 administered intravenously to rats in a single dose of 6.0 mg/kg induced a transitory decrease in the number of myelocariocytes on the 2nd-5th day of its use mainly at the account of decreased numbers of lymphoid elements. Simultaneously momentory leucopenia (granulocytopenia) and more stable lymphopenia were observed. When the antibiotic was administered intravenously to dogs in a dose of 0.9 mg/kg 4 times and in a dose of 0.4 mg/kg 40 times, an insignificant decrease in the number of myelocarlocytes was noted. Leucopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia in the peripheral blood almost completely disappeared after discontinuation of the preparation administration. Leucocytosis (granulocytosis), lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were registered in the dogs and rabbits treated with the antibiotic in doses of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg 3 and 11 times respectively. When the antibiotic was added to the rabbit blood serum in concentrations of 0.5-5 gamma/ml, 70 to 80 per cent of the preparation bound with the blood proteins. After a single intravenous administration of antibiotic 1719 to rabbits in doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg, it was detected in the blood only for 5 to 15 minutes after the administration in concentrations not exceeding 0.3 and 0.5 gamma/ml. The antibiotic penetrated into all organs in small amounts and persisted there for 1.5 to 3 hours after the administration. The antibiotic was excreted with the bile in amounts of 0.3-0.5 per cent of the dose administered for 1 to 2 hours after a single administration. The antibiotic was excreted with the urine for 3-4 hours after the administration in amounts of 3.5 per cent after a single administration and 60-72 per cent after multiple administrations. PMID- 1122125 TI - [Use of a 2-part model of i pharmacokinetics of gentaniycin for maintaining a constant blood concentration in infusion intravenous (an experimental study)]. AB - Maintenance of constant antibiotic blood levels within the required ranges may be accomplished with mathematical modelling of the antibiotic pharmacokinetics. The problem solvation was illustrated on gentamicin. The kinetic analysis of the curves of the drug excretion from the blood after a one-moment intravenous administration of the antibiotic to cats provided estimation of the constants for a two-compartment model of its pharmacokinetics. The constant values were used for calculation of the intravenous infusion rate for gentamicin and the load dose value providing attainance and maintenance of the drug blood levels within the required ranges. The experimental testing of the regiments of gentamicin infusion showed satisfactory correlation of the theoretically supposed and practically found antibiotic blood levels. PMID- 1122126 TI - [Relationship of the reticulo-plasmocytic reaction of the bone marrow and serum hypergammaglobulinemia when tetracycline is administered to rabbits]. AB - Administration of tetracycline to rabbits in doses of 10 and 40 mg/kg induced hyperplasia of the reticulo-plasmic tissue of the bone marrow correlating with increased levels of gammaglobulins in the blood serum. The pronounced reticulo plasmocytal reaction of the bone marrow must be considered as manifestation of hyperplasia of the whole reticulo-histiocytal system of the host with impairement of differentiation of the reticular syncytium of the bone marrow. PMID- 1122127 TI - [Sensitivity of certain strains of pathogenic Leptospira to streptomycin, the nature of resistant variants and the frequency of their occurrence]. AB - Streptomycin sensitivity of 112 Leptospira strains isolated from domestic and wild animals was studied. Independent of the isolation period and nature the strains proved to be highly sensitive to the antiobiotic (MIC 0.1 to 0.5 gamma/ml). On the example of a clone strain of Leptospira it was shown with a fluctuation test that streptomycin resistance occurred spontaneously. Frequency of the streptomycin resistant mutations was determined for 5 clone strains of L. interrogans. It was 10-9 to 10-7 per a Leptospira. PMID- 1122128 TI - [Lysozyme content in the blood serum and saliva of carriers of pethogenic staphylococci]. AB - 90 serum and 273 saliva samples from pathogenic staphylococci carriers and healthy persons (control group) were studied. It was found that the state of pathogenic staphylococci carrying on the nose mucosa had no significant effect on the lysozyme levels in the blood serum, while assisted an increase in the content of the substance in the saliva. Increased lysozyme levels in the saliva of the pathogenic staphylococci carriers showed no clear connections with lysozyme production by the pathogens. PMID- 1122129 TI - [Effectiveness of treating chronic cholecystitis by prodigiozain electrophoresis]. AB - 136 patients suffering from chronic cholecystitis were treated in the phase of exacerbation with antibiotics in combination with prodigiosan. It was found that inclusion of prodigiosan into the therapeutic complex had a positive effect on the immediate and late results of the treatment. Since intramuscular administration of prodigiosan was accompanied by a number of side effects, a method of the drug administration by means of electrophoresis on the area of the bile bladder was tested. It was shown that prodigiosan administered by the method of electrophoresis totally preserved its stimulating capacity with respect to the host. As with intramuscular administration of prodigiosan, the general reaction of the host and positive dynamics of the clinical and laboratory indices of the active process were observed and the content of lysozyme in the blood phagocytes reliably increased. The method of prodigiosan administration by means of electrophoresis was better tolerated by the patients and no side effects characteristic of the drug intramuscular administration were noted. When indicated, the use of prodigiosan by means of electrophoresis is recommended. PMID- 1122130 TI - Amino acid sequence of neurotoxin I from Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing. PMID- 1122131 TI - Inhibition of D (-)-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase by malonate analoges. PMID- 1122132 TI - Possible alternative functions of rat liver malic enzyme. PMID- 1122133 TI - Nature of the collagen synthesized by a transplanted chondrosarcoma. PMID- 1122134 TI - Ion binding by repeat hexapeptide of elastin. PMID- 1122135 TI - Evaluation of the water environments in deoxygenated sickle cells by longitudinal and transverse water proton relaxation rates. PMID- 1122136 TI - Studies on the induction and repression of enzymes in rat liver. Characteristics of the L-tryptophan and cortisone-mediated induction of serine dehydratase in the livers of intact and adrenalectomized rats. PMID- 1122137 TI - Multiple forms of beta-glucuronidase in rat liver lysosomes and microsomes. PMID- 1122138 TI - Mechanisms of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of vitamin E-deficient rats and in phospholipid model systems. PMID- 1122139 TI - Studies on the structure of rabbit muscle aldolase. Amino acid sequence of cysteine-containing peptides. PMID- 1122140 TI - Studies on the structure of rabbit muscle aldolase. Isolation and sequence analysis of the tryptic peptides derived from the NH2-terminal BrCN peptide. PMID- 1122141 TI - Studies on the structure of rabbit muscle aldolase. Ordering of the tryptic peptides; sequence of 164 amino acid residues in the NH2-terminal BrCN peptide. PMID- 1122142 TI - Studies on the structure of rabbit muscle aldolase. Determination of the primary structure of the COOH-terminal BrCN peptide; the complete sequence of the subunit polypeptide chain. PMID- 1122144 TI - Light-induced changes of enzyme activities in parsley cell suspension cultures. Increased rate of synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. PMID- 1122143 TI - Light-induced changes of enzyme activities in parsley cell suspension cultures. Effects of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. PMID- 1122145 TI - Light-induced changes of enzyme activities in parsley cell suspension cultures. Purification and some properties of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (E.C.4.3.1.5). PMID- 1122146 TI - Actinic granuloma. An annular connective tissue disorder affecting sun- and heat damaged (elastotic) skin. AB - Ring-shaped inflammatory lesions sometimes develop in the abnormal "elastotic" connective tissues of skin damaged by sun and heat. The lesions, which commence as papules and nodules, enlarge very slowly and may persist for years. Microscopical sections show that there is an infiltrate composed mainly of foreign-body giant cells, the cells being engaged in digesting and absorbing the abnormal elastotic fibers. The disorder, which occurs on several continents, should probably be regarded as a phenomenon of repair within damaged connective tissue. The name actinic granuloma indicates its external or environmental origin and distinguishes it from other granulomas with which it is constantly being confused. Actinic granuloma and granuloma annulare appear to be related. In granuloma annulare, a productive and resorptive process also occurs, but its nature remains obscure. Actinic granuloma may be misdiagnosed as "atypical necrobiosis lipoidica" or as a sarcoidosis. The subject of actinic damage to blood vessels deserves study. PMID- 1122147 TI - Tar photoxicity and phototherapy for psoriasis. AB - The photoxicity of coal tars was determined by comparing the ultraviolet light (UVL) energy required to produce erythema at tar treated sites (minimal phototoxic dose [MPD]) with the energy required to produce the same degree of erythema at untreated control sites (minimal erythema dose [MED]). The ratio of MED/MPD is the photoxic index (PI). Tars that were phototoxic had a PI of greater than 1. Using a UVA (320 to 400 nm) and a tuvb (290 to 320 nm) light source, 15 subjects and six tars were tested. All tars were phototoxic to UVA but not to UVB (P smaller than 0.0001). Although tar and UVL is a widely accepted treatment for psoriasis (Goeckerman therapy), the light sources employed at normal exposure times provide insufficient UVA energy to produce a phototoxic reaction to the tars are used. The therapeutic response seen in psoriatic patients treated with tar and UVL should therefore not be attributed to tar phototoxicity. PMID- 1122148 TI - Effects of methotrexate esters on normal and psoriatic skin. AB - The effect of several lipid-soluble folic acid antagonists on DNA synthesis in psoriatic and normal skin was studied. The skin samples were incubated in vitro with methotrexate, dichloromethotrexate, and their respective dimethyl esters, followed by exposure to deoxyuridine-3H to assay DNA synthesis radioautographically. Psoriatic epidermal cells were found to be selectively inhibited at lower concentrations (2 times 10-7 M) of these drugs than was normal skin. The ester derivatives were more active than the parent compounds, suggesting that increased lipid solubility of the compounds may potentiate their activity. PMID- 1122149 TI - Psoriasis--changes in surface microtopography. AB - Easily prepared adhesive slides have been used to obtain surface-layer biopsy specimens from psoriasis and other scaly dermatoses that occur on the limbs. Psoriasis obliterates the normal skin pattern, but the change is not specific. However, as psoriasis undergoes spontaneous or treatment-induced resolution, the skin surface pattern reappears and develops through a series of pattern changes that closely correlate with the clinical appearance of the lesion. This method may be used to monitor changes in the stratum corneum. PMID- 1122150 TI - Mechlorethamine desensitization in therapy for mycosis fungoides. Topical desensitization to mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) contact hypersensitivity. AB - Five patients with mycosis fungoides who had developed contact dermatitis to a nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, even in low concentrations (1 to 5 mg/100 ml), received daily total-body applications of extremely dilute solutions (0.01 to 0.1 mg/100 ml) of mechlorethamine. The concentrations of the drug were approximately doubled weekly if the patient could tolerate it, or they were raised more slowly if the patient could not. Attempts to desensitize one patient were discontinued since he was unable to tolerate a greater concentration than 1.0 mg/100 ml after trying for one year. Another patient was able to tolerate a concentration of 3 mg/100 ml after three months, at which time his skin had completely cleared and treatment was stopped. Three other patients were desensitized during a period of 8 to 13 months to the point of tolerating the full therapeutic concentration used in our clinic (20 mg/100 ml) without experiencing dermatitis or pruritus. PMID- 1122151 TI - Acute, generalized panniculitis with amylase and lipase in skin. AB - A patient had an unusual acute, generalized panniculitis. The patient had a five fold elevation of urinary amylase level and a slightly elevated serum lipase leval without any signs or symptoms of pancreatic disease. A secretin test caused an eightfold elevation in urinary amylase level and some elevation of serum lipase and amylase levels, whereas study of duodenal drainage revealed no abnormalities. Skin specimens from the lesions showed considerable amylase and lipase activity, whereas specimens from controls and from subsequent patients with panniculitis showed no such abnormalities. Autopsy showed a normal pancreas, both grossly and microscopically. PMID- 1122152 TI - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with pigmented oral papillomas. AB - The association of cutaneous and mucosal pigmentation with gastrointestinal polyposis has been well-described as the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. A case is described of a patient who has evidence of gastrointestinal polyposis, diffuse and circumscribed macular hyperpigmentation, a nasal polyp, and the additional features of buccal mucosal pigmented papillomas. PMID- 1122154 TI - Letter: Pachydermodactyly: a variant of the true knuckle pad. PMID- 1122153 TI - Subcutaneous fat necrosis associated with pancreatic disease. AB - Subcutaneous fat necrosis, a type of panniculitis, is a rare entity that is manifested by painless or painful subcutaneous nodules on the legs, buttocks, or trunk and is associated with pancreatitis or carcinoma of the pancreas, either of which may be asymptomatic. The histopathological findings are pathognomonic and consist of subcutaneous focal fat necrosis and "ghost-like" cells with thick, shadowy walls and no nuclei. Arthritis, particularly of the ankles, is a commonly associated finding. Distant foci of fat necrosis in pancreatic disease are probably due to the local action of hematogenous-borne trypsin and lipase. Since the underlying pancreatic disease may be asymptomatic, histopathologic study of all cases of panniculitis should be considered. PMID- 1122155 TI - Letter: Liver disease in psoriatics. PMID- 1122156 TI - Letter: Facial irritation due to sunscreen products. PMID- 1122158 TI - Letter: Congenital and genetic disorders associated with malignant and nonmalignant tumors. PMID- 1122157 TI - Letter: Mycobacterium marinum infection. PMID- 1122159 TI - Letter: Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria letalis. PMID- 1122160 TI - Letter: Low molecular weight dextran therapy. PMID- 1122161 TI - Life-threatening respiratory distress from mediastinal masses in infants. AB - From 1972 through 1974, 5 infants with severe respiratory distress secondary to mediastinal tumors were treated in the Division of Pediatric Surgery of The Johns Hopkins thospital; The mediastinal masses included 2 intramural bronchial cysts, a giant esophageal duplication, a benign teratoma, and a highly malignant neuroblastomamindividualized management was carried out successfully in all: total resection of the bronchial cysts and teratoma; partial resection of the duplication cyst with stripping of the remaining mucosa from the contiguous esophageal wall, thereby preserving esophageal integrity; and excision of involved chest wall and tumor combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the neuroblastoma. This experience emphasizes the potential for lethal respiratory distress from mediastinal tumors in infants and supports the experience reported by others of serious consequences if resection is not performed. Primary physicians and thoracic surgeons must be aware of the lethal potential of such mediastinal tumors among the many other "surgical" causes of respiratory distress in neonates and infants. PMID- 1122162 TI - Electrocardiographic changes during surface-induced deep hypothermia. The influence of ether, halothane, carbon dioxide, and perfusion rewarming. AB - The influence of halothane, ether, carbon dioxide, and perfusion rewarming on the electrocardiogram was studied in 37 dogs subjected to surface-induced deep hypothermia. Significant anesthetic-related differences in P-R, QRS, Q-T and R-R intervals during cooling were not apparent; however, reduced arterial pressure, ventricular fibrillation, and a greater tendency for bradycardia requiring supportive measures were noted at low temperatures with halothane anesthesia. The use of 95% O2/5% CO2 significantly reduced the QTc at low temperatures; Other phenomena, including the occurrence and significance of J waves, are discussed. The relationship of the electrocardiogram to clinical and pathological results was evaluated and indicates that (1) properly managed resuscitation (manual massage and defibrillation) is not a serious hazard, (2) ether in 100% oxygen is the agent of choice for surface-induced deep hypothermia with prolonged circulatory arrest, and (3) halothane may be used in a procedure combining surface cooling and perfusion rewarming if given in a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide. PMID- 1122163 TI - Biochemical modifications of fascia lata for autologous valve replacement. AB - The biochemistry of canine fascia lata was studied to assess the feasibility of tissue modification with a variety of cross-linking reagents and growth inhibitors in order to provide a more suitable material for heart valves. Chemical determinants for maximal reactivity were consequently established for several growth inhibitors, of which the hydrophobic ligands difluorodinitrobenzene, octadecylamine, and oleylamine were the most effective in preventing invasive cellular growth. This enhanced the longevity of atrial grafts in dogs as judged from morphological and histological examination of excised grafts. PMID- 1122164 TI - Experimental pulmonary venous occlusion. AB - Complete interruption of pulmonary venous return from the left lung in rabbits is compatible in some instances with prolonged survival with little systemic effect. The main cause of death less than 48 hours after interruption of pulmonary venous return is pulmonary-pulmonary aspiration and respiratory insufficiency due to spillover of frothy, bloody fluid, after which infection may play a part. Marked anemia after unilateral pulmonary venous ligation attests to the loss of blood into the lung. Death from unilateral pulmonary venous ligation did not occur if the corresponding main bronchus was ligated to prevent pulmonary-pulmonary aspiration; Despite ligation of the pulmonary veins the corresponding pulmonary artery remained patent. PMID- 1122165 TI - Left ventricular aneurysmectomy in a child. Treatment of anomalous left coronary artery. AB - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery with development of a massive left ventricular aneurysm in a 23-month-old child is described. Operative treatment included ligation of the anomalous origin, ventricular aneurysmectomy, and a saphenous vein bypass graft to the anterior descending coronary artery. The principles of ventricular aneurysm resection used in adults are applicable to small children with this complication of anomalous coronary artery origin. PMID- 1122166 TI - Aberrant right subclavian artery aneurysm. AB - Ten patients with aneurysm of an aberrant right subclavian artery have been previously reported. Dysphagia is not commonly part of the initial symptomatology, and the diagnosis is usually established by chest roentgenogram, esophagogram, and aortography. If operative intervention is planned, adequate preparation for bypass and thoracic aortic grafting should be made since the aneurysm may also involve the descending thoracic aorta at the site of origin of the aberrant subclavian artery. Since both ischemia of the involved arm and the subclavian steal syndrome may occur after division of the origin of the subclavian artery, resotration of arterial flow in the distal subclavian artery is preferred. An additional patient is reported in whom right subclavian-to carotid artery anastomosis was used after the subclavian artery aneurysm was removed. PMID- 1122167 TI - Free internal mammary artery graft. An improved surgical technique. AB - An improved method of free internal mammary artery (IMA)-to-ascending aorta anastomosis for cornoary bypass is described. We interposed a small patch of vein with a suitable side-branch or brancyes in connecting the proximal end of a detached IMA or radial artery. Thirty-four free IMA-to-coronary artery bypasses were performed in 25 patients; 16 right IMA, 14 left IMA, and 4 radial arteries were used. Cornoary angiographic follow-up studies performed in all patients between two weeks and six months after operation proved that all grafts were patent and showing a larger lumen than is usually seen in undetached IMA grafts. Concomitantly marked relief of anginal pain was noted in all patients. Oour experience with this technique is very encouraging. All patients are being followed to evaluate long-term graft patency. PMID- 1122168 TI - Editorial: Management of flail chest. PMID- 1122169 TI - Letter: Surgical salvage in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 1122170 TI - Letter: Surgical salvage in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 1122171 TI - Follow-up of participants in a drug dependence therapeutic community. AB - We interviewed by random sample 20 graduates and 20 dropouts from a drug dependence therapeutic community to identify any differences between groups. Although the two groups were from similar backgrounds at admission, the graduates seemed to do better after treatment. Throughout the follow-up period, the graduated spent proportionately less time addicted or in jail and proportionately more time employed or in school than those who dropped out of the treatment program. At follow-up, more graduates were available for voluntary abstinence and were abstaining from addicting drugs than were the dropouts. Also, at the follow up interview, more graduates were employed or in school and fewer were legally involved than the dropouts. In the dropout group, abstinence in the follow-up period was correlated with longer length of treatment. PMID- 1122172 TI - The oculo-cerebral-renal syndrome of Lowe. AB - Clinical, light microscopical, ultrastructural, and biochemical studies were done on nerve and muscle biopsy specimens from five patients with the oculo-cerebral renal syndrome of Lowe. Four patients were American Indians, a racial group in whom this disease has not previously been recognized. The hypotonia, areflexia, and diffuse atrophy of muscles are associated with slowed motor nerve conduction velocities, and the morphologic changes in sensory nerves are attributed to a "dying-back" phenomenon probably resulting from an unknown metabolic derangement. PMID- 1122174 TI - Brain peroxidase and catalase in Parkinson disease. AB - Peroxidase and catalase activities were determined in various regions of parkinsonian brains and control brains from patients with nonneurological diseases. The highest peroxidase activity was localized in the substantia nigra of the normal brain. In Parkinson disease, the peroxidase activity was decreased in the substantia nigra, caudate and putamen. Catalase activity was also reduced in the substantia nigra and putamen of the parkinsonian brain. These enzyme changes may be causally related to the degeneration and depigmentation of the substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson disease. PMID- 1122173 TI - Hereditary mental depression and Parkinsonism with taurine deficiency. AB - An unusual neuropsychiatric disorder inherited in autosomal dominant fashion occurred in three successive generations of a family. Symptoms commenced late in the fifth decade in six affected patients and led to death in four to six years. The earliest and most prominent symptom was mental depression not responsive to antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy. This was accompanied by exhaustion, sleep disturbances, and marked weight loss. Later in the disease, symptoms of parkinsonism appeared, and respiratory failure occured terminally. The most recently affected family member was investigated biochemically late in his illness. Concentrations of taurine were greatly diminished in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and at autopsy, all regions of brain examined had a markedly reduced taurine content. Since taurine is a putative inhibitory synaptic transmitter, deficiency of brain taurine may possibly have caused the psychiatric and neurological manifestations of this disorder. PMID- 1122175 TI - Contralateral gaze deviation with supratentorial hemorrhage. AB - Three patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage had contralateral sustained conjugate gaze deviation. The autopsies disclosed large thalamic-basal ganglia hemorrhages whose caudal extension was limited to the midbrain. Current knowledge of oculomotor localization does not adequately explain this "wrong-side" gaze deviation, and the mechanism remains obscure. The present cases suggest that thalamic hemorrhage can produce contralateral gaze deviation without involving postdecussation horizontal oculomotor pathways. Contralateral gaze deviation is not a rare occurrence with deep supratentorial hemorrhages, and awareness of this confusing sign should assist in localizing intracerebral hematomas. PMID- 1122176 TI - Ulnar neuropathy in bicycle riders. AB - Three patients, one of whom is described in detail, developed ulnar neuropathy following prolonged bicycle riding, with compression of the ulnar nerve at the level of the ulnar canal at the wrist. PMID- 1122177 TI - Acute autonomic neuropathy. Its occurrence in infectious mononucleosis. AB - A 13-year-old girl with acute onset of symptoms limited to autonomic dysfunction was found to be suffering from infectious mononucleosis. With symptomatic therapy, improvement gradually occurred over a period of seven months. The documentation of this case widens the spectrum of disorders to be considered as a cause of so-called acute pandysautonomia or autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 1122178 TI - Clonidine in Parkinson disease. AB - Several theoretical considerations suggest that potentiation of central norepinephrine mechanisms may improve motor performance in patients with Parkinson disease receiving concurrent treatment with levodopa. Clonidine hydrochloride, an antihypertensive drug believed to directly stimulate brain norepinephrine receptors, was administered to a group of patients with relatively mild Parkinson disease and coexisting essential hypertension and to three patients with Parkinson disease manifesting the "on-off" response to levodopa. Although a significant antihypertensive effect was achieved, a change in parkinsonian disability could not be demonstrated. PMID- 1122179 TI - Editorial: Neuroscientists on psychosurgery. PMID- 1122180 TI - Is the Negri body specific for rabies? A light and electron microscopical study. AB - Since first described by Negri in 1903, the Negri body has been regarded as a pathognomonic finding in signifying the presence of rabies encephalitis. Negri bodies (light microscope) were found in the brain of a patient with conclusive evidence against the presence of rabies encephalitis. This case provided the opportunity for a pertinent review of the literature in bringing the subject into a reasoned perspective. A definitive etiologic diagnosis of rabies requires the use of electron microscopical or immunofluorescent methods or both. PMID- 1122181 TI - Paramyxovirus-like structures in brains of multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Twenty-four plaques obtained at autopsy from the brains of six patients with multiple sclerosis were examined under an electron microscope. Specimens for ultrastructural study were processed from the unfixed brain tissues at the time of autopsies. Intranuclear filaments with a diameter of 150 to 260 Angstroms of possibly two different types were seen in the macrophages and in unidentified mononuclear cells that were infiltrating the perivascular regions of four plaque areas from three patients. Intracytoplasmic reticular filaments with a diameter of 100 to 130 A were seen in the astrocytes and in unidentified cell processes in five plaques from three cases. A possible link between these intranuclear filaments and paramyxovirus is suggested. PMID- 1122182 TI - Regional curare test in evaluation of ocular myasthenia. AB - In 7 of 14 patients with clinically restricted ocular myasthenia gravis, the regional curare test showed latent peripheral involvement. The test consisted of the intravenous administration of 0.2 mg d-tubocurarine into an ischemic arm followed by repetitive supramaximal percutaneous electrical stimulation of the median or ulnar nerves. This produced a decrease in the amplitude of the initial evoked potential and a decrement of greater than 10% in the amplitude of the succeeding three to five potentials at rates of 3, 5, or 15 stimuli/sec. Three patients underwent transcervical thymectomy with subsequent improvement in both electrical and clinical findings. Evaluation of all patients with ocular myasthenia gravis should include regional curare testing of clinically uninvolved peripheral nerves. Thymectomy should be considered for patients with abnormal results. PMID- 1122183 TI - Response of serum creatine phosphokinase to steroid hormone. AB - Serum creatine phosphokinase activity increased significantly four or six hours after the administration of prednisolone in patients with muscular dystrophy of various types, whereas it did not increase in other muscular disorders. The extent of the response correlated inversely with the grade of disability. The prednisolone test may help to differentiate muscular dystrophy from polymyositis. PMID- 1122184 TI - [Theory of traction. Determination of the optimal arrangement of metal in the dorsal traction of an olecranon fracture]. AB - This is the analysis of external forces acting on the elbow joint and their influence on the appearance of bending forces, shearing forces and tensions along the ulna and their alterations with fractures of the olecranon. The influence of flexor muscles on the fracture site is being evaluated too. The fracture of the olecranon is being defined by means of statics. All disadvantages of a dorsal tension band i.e. uncertainty to neutralize all forces acting at the fracture site adequately, irregular interfragmentary compression, creation of unwanted stearing forces and moments, rest on its excentric localisation. The optimal distribution of hard ware is being evaluated. PMID- 1122185 TI - [The lateral tension band. Demonstrated for fractures of the olecranon (author's transl)]. AB - The lateral tension band generates continuous interfragmentary compression through two wires alongside the ulna. Without loss of compressive forces this procedure can be applied to proximal ulna shaft fractures which until now have been considered among fractures of the olecranon because the flexion forces at the fracture site are neutralized. Fractures of the patella are the second main indication for this procedure. All disadvantages of the "classical" dorsal tension band are being avoided by centric compression. PMID- 1122186 TI - [Measurement of bipolar interfragmentary compression on model bone by variation of the tension band of a fracture of the olecranon (author's transl)]. AB - Previous experiments with dorsal or lateral tension band have been tested and confirmed on model bone. The lateral tension band is superior to the dorsal because it can neutralize all forces across the fracture site without creation of unwanted adverse forces. PMID- 1122187 TI - [Better stabilisation of the femoral neck fractures with drawing-screw osteosynthesis according to AO principle (author's transl)]. AB - Author drafting the biomechanical problems, which hinders the possissibility of a good fixation of the fractured femoral neck in the old age, reviews a compression osteosynthesis according to AO drawing-screw principle. PMID- 1122188 TI - [Can we reduce complications of treatment of femoral neck fractures with better stabilisation of the osteosynthesis? Results of a compression-osteosynthesis (author's transl)]. AB - The results of a compression-osteosynthesis of the fracture of the femoral neck on the evidence of 172 cases realizing the principle of a drawing-screw compression of the AO have been reported. The results will be compared with the data of collected statistics of other types of nailing of the femoral neck and it will be established, that the better stabilisation of fractur will be manifest in the results too and will be realised in the decrease of complications (slipping of the nail, redislocation, pseudarthrosis, avascular necrosis of the head). PMID- 1122189 TI - [Pulmonary function tests and spiroergometric parameters during rehabilitation of patients with idiopathic scoliosis (fusion of the spine with Harrington rod and training) (author's transl)]. AB - 11 female patients with idiopathic scoliosis underwent spinal fusion surgery after Harrington. Additionally the patients were exercised before and after surgery by a special program. During the period of rehabilitation the usual spirographic measurements were carried out and some spiroergometric parameters were measured at standardized ergometric work loads. The diminished vital capacity and the practically normal forced vital capacity were not changed significantly, but the maximum voluntary ventilation was enhanced distinctly. The resting heart rate, primarily far above normal level, decreased significantly at the end of the exercise period and approached normal range. Maximum heart rate corresponded always to the mean values of normal subjects. Instead of a nearly constant increased minute volume of respiration, respiratory frequency and specific ventilation (respiratory equivalent) the maximum 0-2 uptake and maximum 0-2 puls increased significantly. These changes can be explained by an improvement of the uneven distribution of perfusion and ventilation, due to the combined surgical and exercise treatment. PMID- 1122190 TI - [Peculiarities in the sterile operating cabin (author's transl)]. AB - With helium filled bubbles from a bubble generator we could demonstrate dangerous turbulences around the operating area in the sterile operating cabin (Greenhouse). The bubbles follow a pattern corresponding to the direction of the turbulent air-stream. Special reference is made to the effect of objects and the surgeon within the area of down flow laminar airflow. PMID- 1122191 TI - Rhincerebral phycomycosis and internal carotid artery thrombosis. AB - This is a report of a case of internal carotid artery occlusion associated with rhinocerebral phycomycosis. In 18 autopsied similar cases that have been reported previously, hyphae were described in the walls of the internal carotid artery. Four survivors have been reported even though arteriograms demonstrated internal carotid artery occlusion, and a high index of suspicion for this complication should be maintained in all patients with rhinocerebral phycomycosis. PMID- 1122192 TI - The modified Tokyo larynx: an improved pneumatic speech aid. AB - The Tokyo, or Japanese, artificial larynx is a pneumatic speech aid with superior sound production used in the rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients. Although there are some difficulties with its use, modifications have been developed that eliminate the major problems. Three brief case reports demonstrate the effectiveness of this speech aid when properly prescribed. PMID- 1122193 TI - Otoadmittance measurements in cases of dual ossicular disorders. AB - Audiologic evaluations, including otoadmittance measurements, were obtained on two patients, each of whom had dual, series-connected disorders of ossicular fixation and disarticulation. In one case, the disarticulation was the lateral most disorder; in the other case the fixation was the lateral-most disorder. In both cases, it was the lateral-most disorder that had the dominant effect on the otoadmittance of the tympanic membrane, due to the fact that the sites of the two disorders were connected in series with the tympanic membrane. PMID- 1122194 TI - Nonlamellar new bone formation in the anterior attic recess. AB - An area of nonlamellar new bone formation was observed in the anterior epitympanic region of 27 randomly chosen human temporal bones. The donors ranged in age from 9 to 80 years and had no evidence of ear disease or systemic skeletal or metabolic abnormalities. The frequency of this finding suggests that it is a normal feather of the human anterior attic recess. PMID- 1122195 TI - Styloid process neuralgia: myth or fact. AB - Five cases of enlogated styloid processes sent in a 12-month period prompted a review of this subject and a reevaluation of the condition as it relates to other neuralgias of the head and neck. We review the head and neck pain syndromes and offer diagnostic criteria that will aid in the differential diagnosis and will facilitate appropriate management. PMID- 1122196 TI - The outset of chronic secretory otitis media: a histopathological study of the earliest stage. AB - Histopathological study of the earliest stage of secretory otitis was made in a 3 month-old infant. The entire mucosa was examined by the whole-mount method, with determination of gland count and goblet-cell density, followed by assessment of serial sections. The first changes are inflammatory with lymphocytic infiltration, dilatation, and increase of blood vessels. These again induce metaplasia into pseudostratified, ciliated epithelium, increased in goblet-cell density, and formation of intraepithelial and subepithelial mucous glands. Basal cells divide and grow down into lamina propria, giving rise to a solid cylinder that gets canalized. Cells of this cylinder differentiate into ciliated and mucous cells, so that tubules acquire a lining of typical pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium. The most important processes in the early stage of secretory otitis are hyperplasia, differentiation of epithelial cells, and gland formation. When glands have completed their development, they produce mucus that accumulates in the middle ear, and the disease enters the secretory stage. PMID- 1122197 TI - Aural abnormalities in partial DiGeorge syndrome. AB - DiGeorge syndrome patients frequently have multiple anomalies of the craniofacial, cardiovascular, and visceral structures in addition to thymic and parathyroid hypoplasia. Gross and microscopic aural abnormalities occurring in a patient with partial DiGeorge syndrome are presented and compared with findings from the only other known temporal bone report. PMID- 1122198 TI - Malignant fibrous xanthoma (xanthofibrosarcoma) of the larynx. AB - The xanthofibrosarcoma is a malignant variant of fibrous xanthoma. It is a rare tumor that derives from histiocytes. A case believed to be the first xanthofibrosarcoma reported in the larynx is presented. Differentiation between this tumor and benign lesion was difficult. The tumor proved malignant by metastasizing. Although few fibrous xanthomas become malignant they should raise a high index of suspicion when they are large, have infiltrative margins, and tend to recur locally. Treatment is by wide surgical excision. Close follow-up is mandatory. The prognosis once metastases appear is extremely poor. PMID- 1122199 TI - Inhalation anesthesia for the short-term guinea pig experiment. PMID- 1122200 TI - Occult schwannomas of the vestibular nerve. AB - Five small occult schwannomas of the vestibular nerve were discovered on routine examination of 893 serially sectioned temporal bones of 517 individuals. Three arose from the superior division, one from the inferior division, and the other had a multicentric origin from both divisions of the nerve. Location and size of these tumors indicate that clinical diagnosis would have been difficult or impossible by any method of study. The finding of vestibular schwannomas in 0.9% of individuals in this series, indicates the high incidence of this tumor in the general population. The much lower incidence of diagnosed symptomatic tumors in the general population can only be explained by the conclusion that this neoplasm exhibits considerable variation in growth characteristics. Usually the tumor enlarges so slowly as to be of no health importance, but occasionally it grows more rapidly to become symptomatic and require surgical removal. PMID- 1122201 TI - Allergic management of Meniere disease. AB - Twenty-eight patients with Meniere disease were selected on the basis of a positive allergic history. Factors other than allergy that might produce the signs and symptoms of endolymphatic hydrops were first diagnosed and controlled with appropriate management. Allergic diagnosis and management consisted of testing and treating inhalant allergies according to the methods of Rinkel. Foods were first tested using the Bryant's modification of Black's cytotoxic food test. All positive foods were eliminated except for those considered extremely difficult to avoid. These were managed using the provocative skin food test and neutralization method of Lee et al. All patients in this study were under allergic management for a period of 14 to 29 months. During this time, labyrinthine symptoms were improved in nine cases and in 19, there was no change. PMID- 1122202 TI - Facilitation of time-dependent memory processes with posttrial epinephrine injections. PMID- 1122203 TI - Peripheral anosmia and the discrimination of poisoned food by Rattus rattus L. PMID- 1122204 TI - Attraction to conspecific and nonconspecific chemical stimuli in male and female Macropodus opercularis (Teleostei, Anabantoidei). PMID- 1122205 TI - Bulk as a stimulus for satiation in Aplysia. PMID- 1122206 TI - d-Amphetamine and the sensory role of a rat's tail in thermoregulation or what the rat's tail tells the rat's brain. PMID- 1122207 TI - Recovery of function and changes in sensitivity to amphetamine following caudate lesions in rat. PMID- 1122208 TI - Adaptation of aversive brain stimulation: effects of pulse frequency. PMID- 1122209 TI - Genetic and maternal influences on docility in the skomer vole, Clethrionomys glareolus skomerensis. PMID- 1122210 TI - The effects of muscle relaxation on blood pressure of essential hypertensives. PMID- 1122211 TI - Case histories and shorter communications. Biofeedback and reinforcement to increase heterosexual arousal in homosexuals. PMID- 1122212 TI - Do the effects of behaviour modification programs endure? PMID- 1122213 TI - Flooding in imagination vs flooding in vivo: a comparison with agoraphobics. PMID- 1122214 TI - Swimming: stress and training. AB - The short term and the training effects of water immersion and swimming on ventilatory and circulatory parameters of the human organism were described using our own results and data from the literature. It is suggested that swimming has not only the common positive effects on the physical efficiency observed in other types of sport but seems to improve the orthostatic regulation of the circulation. Furthermore, the physical effects of water immersion and the special pattern of muscular activity during swimming favour the adaptation of the heart to the circulatory demands. This advantage of swimming might explain its known beneficial effect in preventive and curative medical treatment. PMID- 1122215 TI - Arterial baroreceptor function in differential cardiovascular adjustments induced by central thermal stimulation. AB - Dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, relaxed with succinyl choline and were kept under artificial ventilation. Both carotid bifurcations were denervated and the Vagus nerves were cut in the neck. Regional blood flow in the skin and the intestine, cardiac output, heart rate and arterial pressure were determined before, during and after spinal cord heating and cooling. Further experiments were performed in which, in addition, sympathetic effects on the heart were excluded by exstirpation of the caudal cervical and stellate ganglia or by beta-receptor blockade. The cardiovascular responses were compared with those obtained in a preceding investigation from dogs with intact baroreceptors and vagus nerves. As in intact dogs, appropiate thermoregulatory adjustments of skin blood flow were induced by thermal stimulation of the spinal cord after baroreceptor denervation and vagotomy. However, blood pressure homeostasis was lost. The pattern of cardiovascular ajustments during heating consisted in cutaneous vasodilatation intestinal vasoconstriction and, due to sympathetic activation an increase of heart rate and cardiac output. This pattern was qualitatively identical with that intact animals. During spinal cord cooling the cardiovascular response pattern consisted in cutaneous vasoconstriction, intestinal vasoconstriction and, depending on cooling intensity, a reduced or unchanged sympathetic influence on the heart. This pattern differed considerably from what in intact animals but basic features were still present as indicated by opposite changes of cardiac and vascular sympathetic tone during cooling. It is concluded that the baroreceptor signals play no primary role in the generation of differential vasomotor responses under the present experimental conditions. This confirms assumptions made on the basis of observations in animals with intact baroreceptor input. However, baroreceptor signals contribute significantly to blood pressure homeostasis which is normally maintained during spinal thermal stimulation. PMID- 1122216 TI - [New functions and variables to characterize and compare vectorcardiograms (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The variability of electrographic data used up to now is too large to discriminate easily between normal and abnormal. 2. This variability is partly caused by errors in the measuring process and its consequences. A sepcial difficulty is found in determining the beginning and the end of QRS, so that instantaneous vector magnitudes related to the starting or ending moment of QRS will have a high variance and therefore a low comparability. Displacements of the heart will play an important role as a source of errors. 3. It therefore seems to be more appropriate to describe structure and changes in time of the vector loop. To this end 3 new functions v, w and u are described, all three invariant towards positional changes of the heart in space. The term v means a time-dependent function describing the first derivative of the length of the instantaneous resulting vector of all electrical sources. The term w indicates the projection of the first derivative of the instantaneous vector into a plane orthogonal to the resulting vector. Therefore, v is dependent on the change of all resulting electrical forces, whereas w is the velocity of the peak of the resulting vector on its way along the vector loop. The interpretation of u is complicated; u is a measure of how much the vector leaves a plane, in which it normally more or less remains; u is therefore a measure for the edgeside view of the vector loop. 4 These data are combined with the well-known vectorial data to form a system of vectorial description. 5 The interpretability of these data in physiological terms is exemplified. The description presented here allows to go back to cardiac processes in the proper sense and to largely elimenate external influences like those of the thoracic shape on the ecg and vcg. 6. This way of describing an ecg is specially adapted to the discrimination of normal and abnormal in preventive tests. PMID- 1122217 TI - Quantitative evaluation of retrograde arterial flow in chronic experimental arteriovenous fistulas. AB - A 2 cm long iliac av. fistula is established in 13 dogs. Flow measurements are performed in the fistula limbs and the adjacent arteries immediately (stage I), as well as 3 months (stage II) and 6 to 12 months (stage III) post-shunt. The following results are obtained: 1) In the acute stage, average flow in the distal fistula artery is very small but directed towards the periphery. In stages II and III a progressively increasing retrograde flow directed towards the fistula is regularly measured in the distal fistula artery. 2) Even in the acute stage a considerable retrograde flow is measured in the distal fistula artery when the proximal artery is clamped. Likewise, in stages II and III, this "free" retrograde flow (after occlusion of proximal fistula artery) is 40 to 60% higher than the spontaneous retrograde flow. 3) In chronic av. fistulas, the "free" retrograde flow in the distal fistula artery decreases significantly after occlusion of the adjacent tail artery and the contralateral iliac artery. It can thus be calculated that in chronic iliac av. fistulas the tail artery contributes approximately 44% and the contralateral iliac artery 22% to retrograde arterial fistula flow. The remaining 34% of retrograde flow are mainly derived from collaterals connecting side-branches of the abdominal aorta with the distal arterial limb. 4) These extensive collaterals adjacent to a chronic iliac av. fistula are demonstrated angiographically and by post-mortem vascular casts. 5) In all stages, occlusion of the proximal fistula artery simultaneously increases flow in the tail artery and contralateral iliac artery by more than 50%. This stresses the major contribution of these arteries to retrograde arterial fistula flow. 6) Successive occlusion of the tail artery and the contralateral iliac artery in stages II and III results in a nearly identical per cent decrease in "free" retrograde flow and in pressure (measured in the distal fistula artery). Even in the pre-fistula control stage, this occlusion experiment induces the same relative pressure-drop in the distal iliac artery. The proportional contribution of the collateral pathways to retrograde arterial fistula-flow and -pressure remains unchanged in the chronic stages post-fistula in spite of the tremendous expansion of collateral vessels within one year. These findings indicate that the three main collateral networks adjacent to the iliac artery all expand proportionally to their pre-fistula status in the months following construction of a large iliac av. fistula. This strongly suggests that the extensive interarterial anastomoses in a chronic av. fistula are all preformed collaterals which have gradually expanded. PMID- 1122218 TI - [A longitudinal study of the relationship between the pulse wave velocity in the aorta-iliaca vessel and the blood pressure (author's transl)]. AB - Temporary hypertensive increases in blood pressure, or variations in blood pressure when there was an already existing hypertension, in which the blood pressure either moved within the limits of hypertensive blood pressure values or temporarily returned to normal, occurred in 129 men ages 23-85, in whom repeated measurements of the blood pressure and pulse wave rate (PWG) were carried out in the aorta and iliac artery in the course of a longitudinal study over years. Both categories--temporary and chronic hypertensives--showed significant differences in the height of the PWG increase per 10 mm Hg (delta-c-p). The delta-c-p value for the chronic hypertensives (n equals 43) was 0.73 plus or minus 0.35 m/sec, that of the temporary hypertensives 0.56 plus or minus 0.24 m/sec (p smaller than or equal to 0.01). The mean value for both groups was 0.62 plus or minus 0.29 m/sec. Delta-c-p increased with age (0.54 m/sec yields 45th year; 0.60 m/sec from 46-55 years; 0.61 m/sec from 55-65 years; 0.67 m/sec at 66 and over). The increase of delta-c-p with age is caused by the increase in chronic hypertension. Delta-c-p was constant over a mean pressure range of 90-190 mm Hg in temporary and chronic hypertensives, irrespective of the amount of the (individual) mean difference in pressure, but it was distinctly greater in chronic than in temporary hypertensives. On lowering pressure, the delta-c-p was also greater in chronic than in temporary hypertensives. When normal pressures were attained, temporary hypertensives showed no differences from the PWG of normotensive of the same age. The differences between temporary and chronic hypertensives are explained by the different relations in the structure of the wall of the aorta, but especially because the function of the muscular layer was better maintained in temporary hypertensives. The raising of the PWG in temporary hypertensives is probably caused by the increased tension in the wall alone. Whether, in addition to the increased incorporation of collagen and a rarification of the smooth muscle, the thickness to radius ratio also increases above that usual for the age group in chronic hypertension is still not clear, but it is not essential for the explanation of the greater increase in the delta-c-p. The longitudinal delta-c-p values obtained in individual subjects confirms the transverse delta-c-p findings, with regard to size and age group, which were obtained by comparisation of cross sections of groups of normotive and hypertensive subjects. PMID- 1122220 TI - [Theory of methods to compare lead fields in electrocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - A method is theoretically described to test the accuracy of various lead system of the ecg. The priniciple of this method consists in the following procedure. The heart position is changed maximally in a proband by varying the position of the body and by deep inspiration and exspiration. If the lead field is parallel, the recorded vector loops should by conventible into each other by merely rotating them electronically, because the cardiac determinants of the veg will scarcely be changed by a change in heart position. The deformations of the veg in the edgeside and broadside view are an appropriate measure of the inhomogenities (the "accuracy") of the lead field, mostly caused by the configuration of the chest and the inhomogeneous conductivity of the tissues and the resulting lack of parallelity in the lead lines of the field. Criteria to test the form of the vector loop are developed, measuring quantitatively the similarly of the loops recorded in different heart positions. The "best" lead is regarded to be that with greatest similarity of the loops in extreme dislocations of the heart. PMID- 1122219 TI - Electron microscopic autoradiographic localization of carbocromene in the coronary vessel walls and myocardium. AB - The ultrastructural distribution of 14-C- and the 3-H-carbocromene in monkeys and rats showed a characteristic pattern in the coronary artery wall and the heart muscle. The radioactivity was found to be located on the coronary vessel wall mainly in the tunica media over the smooth muscle cells and in the myocardium over the contractile elements and the mitochondria. PMID- 1122221 TI - [The variability of the QRS loop in the orthogonal lead system of frank and schmitt (SVEC III) (author's transl)]. AB - A method has been previously described, to test the accuracy of lead fields. This method is used here to compare in 7 persons the relative validity of the two orthogonal lead systems of Frank and Schmitt (SVECC III). The variables the variation of which characterizes the validity of the systems, are the spatial position (represented by the spatial angles of the normal of the broadside view) and the variations in shape of the vector loops. The latter are measured by a comparison of the length of vectors in a distance of 5 degrees, starting with the maximal vector and proceeding from here to both sides. The vectors of loops in two different heart positions are compared by means of their correlation coefficients, and one of the loops is rotated in space as long as this correlation coefficient reaches a maximum. The data are handled by a computer. The optimal correlation coefficients, the regression coefficients and the differences in the spatial angles of the planes, in which the loops show their broadside view, are compared. The Frank system has a significantly lower variability of these values, by extreme dislocations of the heart, either by respiratory or by positional dislocations. PMID- 1122222 TI - The effects of prenatal and postnatal auditory stimulation on early vocalization and approach behavior in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). PMID- 1122223 TI - [Histogenesis of the immune system of the "nude" mouse. II. Postnatal development of the thymus: a light microscopical study (author's transl)]. AB - The thymus of the homozygous nude mouse embryo is laid down normally. From the 13th day post conceptionem (pc) onwards, however, a maldevelopment takes place (Groscurth und Kistler, 1974). As a result, the anterior mediastinum of the newborn nu/nu mouse contains a rudimentary epithelial organ which resembles parts of an embryonic exocrine gland. In this paper, the light microscopical findings of the postnatal development of the thymus in homo- and heterozygous nude mice are reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Homo- and heterozygous nude (nu/nu and nu/+) mice with the genetic background BALB/c were kept under specific pathogen-free (spf) conditions. Three nu/nu and three nu/+ female mice were sacrificed at the following developmental stages: newborn animal, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 9th as well as 12th week postpartum (pp). The organs were fixed in Bouin's solution and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial sections (5 mu) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The bilobed thymus rudiment of the newborn nu/nu mouse consists of branching ducts. From the 2nd week post partum (pp) onwards, their epithelial cells proliferate. At the same time, some of these cells begin to differentiate into serous and mucous cells. In some parts of the rudiment, they also form thyroid-like follicles. The exocrine cells secrete their products into the lumina of the ducts. As there is no connection between the thymus rudiment and either the epidermis or the digestive tract, an accumulation of secretory products takes place, resulting in a dilatation of the whole duct system. Therefore, the thymus rudiment of the 12-week-old nu/nu mouse consists of a number of communicating cysts which are lined by a flattened epithelium. Cysts lined by an epithelium can also be observed within the thymus of the nu/+ mouse. Two types must be distinguished.. PMID- 1122224 TI - The relationship between the latent period and animal age in the development of foreign body sarcomas. AB - Either porous polyester-polyurethane cylindrical sponges with a diameter of 12 mm (thickness 6 mm) or rectangular sponges (dimensions 120 times 20 times 5 mm) were implanted paravertebrally in the subcutis of a total of 118 rats of different ages (1-15 1/2 months). It was established that the rate of tumor formation increased with the size of the implant from 12.1% (cylindrical sponges) to 26.6% (rectangular sponges). Furthermore is could be shown that in animal experiments it is the age of the rats that plays the decisive role in sarcogenesis and not the latend period (time from the implantation until development of the tumor), in that young animals first develop malignant mesenchymal tumors after a mean 17.2 months whereas in old rats these had already developed after 6.3 months. PMID- 1122226 TI - Submucosal jejunal aneurysm. PMID- 1122225 TI - Fine structure and pinocytic activity of the visceral epithelium of the rat yolk sac incubated in a culture medium with or without goat antirat-placenta-IgG. AB - The fine structure and pinocytic activity of the rat visceral yolk sac epithelium were examined electron microscopically after incubation in Krebs-Ringer-Phosphate solution containing either 125-I-labeled albumin or goat antirat-placenta-IgG or both compounds simultaneously. Addition of 125-I-albumin to the incubation medium stimulates the pinocytosis, whereas the addition of goat antirat-placenta-IgG, cross-reacting with the yolk sac tissue, causes a diminution of the pinocytic activity of the yolk sac epithelium. Fine structural alterations and lesions are generally noticed. Preincubation of yolk sacs in Krebs-Ringer-Phosphate solution containing goat antirat-placent-IgG and the subsequent postincubation in a new Krebs-Ringer-Phosphate medium with 125-I-albumin does not restore the original pinocytic activity of the visceral epithelial cells. PMID- 1122227 TI - [Pathological anatomy of muscular diseases]. PMID- 1122228 TI - [Progress in the diagnosis of myopathies]. PMID- 1122229 TI - [Pseudomyopathic spinal diseases]. PMID- 1122230 TI - [Genetic aspects of neuromuscular diseases presented on the example of neural muscular atrophy]. PMID- 1122231 TI - [Genetic counseling in progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 1122232 TI - [Orthopedic treatment of muscular dystrophies]. PMID- 1122233 TI - [Orthopedic problems in dermatomyositis]. PMID- 1122234 TI - [Problems in the surigcal treatment of lower limb contractures in myopathies]. PMID- 1122235 TI - [Rehabilitation treatment of muscular dystrophies]. PMID- 1122236 TI - [Physical therapy of progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 1122237 TI - [Are the current efforts for habilitation and rehabilitation of patients with muscular dystrophy adequate? Demonstrated on follow-up examinations of former patients of the Orthopedic Clinical Center Birkenwerder]. PMID- 1122238 TI - [Dresden model of myopathy control]. PMID- 1122239 TI - [Status and registration of patients with progressive muscular dystrophy in the GDR (German Democratic Republic)]. PMID- 1122240 TI - [Progressive myositis ossificans]. PMID- 1122241 TI - [Differential diagnosis of myositis ossificans]. PMID- 1122242 TI - [An unusual muscle contracture]. PMID- 1122243 TI - [Fate of patients with progressive muscular dystrophy 5 years after treatment with glucose-insulin]. PMID- 1122244 TI - [Elements of myo- and neuropathies in congenital foot deformities]. PMID- 1122245 TI - [X-Ray topography of traumatic muscular- and tendon-diseases in the pelvic girdle]. PMID- 1122246 TI - [Surgical management of insertion-tendon diseases resistant to therapy]. PMID- 1122247 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of occupational insertion lesions of the upper limbs]. PMID- 1122248 TI - [Problem of indication for denervation surgery using Wilhelm's method in epicondylitis humeri radialis et ulnaris]. PMID- 1122249 TI - [Experiences with Hohmann's indentation in epicondylitis humeri]. PMID- 1122250 TI - [Degenerative disease of the m.flexor carpi ulnaris-an unusual tendon-disease in the hand region]. PMID- 1122251 TI - [Results of the surgical management of spontaneously ruptured long biceps tendons]. PMID- 1122252 TI - [Sequelae of patellectomy on the crucial ligaments]. PMID- 1122253 TI - The effect of stable strontium on the alkaline phosphatase activity of rat tissues--in vitro studies. PMID- 1122254 TI - Role of the malate-aspartate shuttle in the metabolism of ethanol in vivo. PMID- 1122255 TI - Influence of ibuprofen on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 1122256 TI - Drug-induced lesions in trypanosome fine structure: a guide to modes of trypanocidal action. PMID- 1122257 TI - Inhibition of rabbit mitochondrial monoamine oxidase by iprindole. PMID- 1122258 TI - Activity of cyclophosphamide and 1-methylnitrosourea on Ehrlich carcinoma transplanted in different sites. Correlation between drug level and tumor inhibition. PMID- 1122259 TI - Irreversible aggregation of pig platelets and release of intracellular constituents induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 1122260 TI - The effect of diet on the toxicity of paracetamol and the safety of paracetamol methionine mixtures. PMID- 1122261 TI - The 4-o-methyl metabolites of catecholamines. Homo-iso-vanillic acid in rat urine and brain; urinary iso-vanyl compounds after intraperitoneal administration of dopamine and of dopamine precursors and derivatives. PMID- 1122262 TI - Effect of desipramine and pargyline on brain gamma-aminobutyric acid. PMID- 1122263 TI - Dithiazepane formation from reactive bifunctional alkylating agents. PMID- 1122264 TI - On the mechanism of saponin hemolysis. II. Inhibition of hemolysis by aldonolactones. PMID- 1122265 TI - Certain characteristics of monosomes produced by carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 1122266 TI - Effects of situational role demands on measurement of attitudes about mental illness. PMID- 1122267 TI - Vocalisation via a cuffed tracheostomy tube. A new prinicple. AB - A thin catheter mounted on the upper surface of a tracheostomy tube enables a flow of air to reach the vocal cords and makes vocalisation possible during artificial ventilation. PMID- 1122268 TI - Growth and effectiveness of regulated planning. PMID- 1122269 TI - Surgical treatment of ventricular tachycardia after epicardial mapping studies. AB - Two patients with intractable life-threatening ventricular tachycardias have been studied using intracardiac electrograms and programmed electrical stimulation of the heart. Both patients have shown to have an underlying re-entry mechanism in the ventricles as the basis for the tachycardias. Both patients underwent epicardial mapping studies at cardiac surgery, and the site of re-entry was established. In one patient the re-entry front was found to start in the posterobasal region of the left ventricle and in the other patient the re-entry front was found in the anterobasal region of the right ventricle. In both patients surgical interruption of the re-entry front was carried out. Both patients are alive and free from tachycardias at the time of writing. PMID- 1122270 TI - Problems concerning assessment of anatomical site of accessory pathway in Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Twp patients with type B WPW syndrome and reciprocal tachycardias have been studied using intracardiac electrograms and programmed electrical stimulation of the heart. One patient, who had a right-sided accessory pathway giving the surface electrocardiographic appearances of type B WPW syndrome, was shown to have an additional left-sided accessory pathway as occurs in type A WPW syndrome. This concealed left-sided atrioventricular connexion formed the retrograde pathway during reciprocal tachycardia. In the second patient the appearances of type B WPW syndrome were shown to be caused by an accessory pathway between the atrial septum and the right side of the interventricular septum rather than an accessory pathway in the right atrioventricular groove. The significance of these findings when considering surgical interruption of an accessory atrioventricular conduction pathway is discussed. PMID- 1122271 TI - Factors influenceing long-term prognosis in male patients surviving a first coronary attack. AB - Three hundred and sixty-four men who survived a first episode of acute coronary insufficiency or myocardial infarction for 28 days were admitted to a coronary heart disease secondary programme between 1 January 1961 and 31 December 1971. Of these, 252 have been followed for at least 4 years. The 4-year mortality was 13.5 per cent (34 patients). The average mortality was 3.4 per cent but an excess of deaths occurred during the first year of follow-up. Of 11 characteristics measured during the acute attack, only severity of the attack was significantly associated with poor 4-year survival. Cigarette consumption after infarction was significantly less among those surviving the 4-year period when compared with decedents. Follow-up systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were significantly lower among decedents. No significant differences were noted in serum cholesterol levels and in mean weight, The presence of post-infarction angina did not affect the prognosis. PMID- 1122272 TI - Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis--a distinctive clinico-pathological entity. AB - Eleven cases of idiopathic giant cell myocarditis are described, The pathological features are unmistakable with serpiginous areas of myocardial necrosis, at the margins of which giant cells can be seen on histological examination. The aetiology of the condition remains obscure but associated pathology suggests that altered immunity may be a factor. The rapid clinical course is, however, highly suggestive of an infective cause though none has been found. PMID- 1122273 TI - Ejection phase indices of left ventricular performance in infants, children, and adults. AB - A validatory study of quantitative single plane left ventricular cineangiography is presented, using human left ventricular casts ranging in size from 1.6 to 135 ml. Good correlation was found between actual and calculated volumes (r=0.967). 62 patient studies were carried out and the value of the usually calculated indices of left ventricular performance were compared to one another. Ejection fraction and mean rate of circumferential fibre shortening (mean Vcf) were found to be the best discriminators of abnormal left ventricular function, and, on the basis of the presented data, it is suggested that mean Vcf is the more sensitive index of left ventricular performance. PMID- 1122274 TI - Complete interruption of aortic arch, without persistent ductus arteriosus, in an adult. AB - A case of complete interruption of the aortic arch in an adult is presented and the previous 8 reported cases are reviewed. Obliteration of the ductus is a feature of these cases, in contrast to the more common variety found in early childhood. Comments are made on the clinical distinction between the adult type of complete interruption of the aortic arch and coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 1122275 TI - The role of protein and lipids in stabilizing the activity of bovine heart succinate dehydrogenase. AB - When incubated in an air atmosphere, solubilized succinate dehydrogenase (succinate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.99.1) quickly loses the capability to recombine with membrane components to catalyze mitochondrial related electron transport activities. At 0 degrees the loss in reconstitution capability is a first-order process; the half-life of the enzyme is 1.6 hr at this temperature. The enzyme is stabilized by recombining it with submitochondrial particles or with a cytochrome b preparation-phospholipid mixture. The presence of the cytochrome b preparation in the succinate dehydrogenase-cytochrome b-phospholipid complex is obligatory, indicating that protein-protein interactions between succinate dehydrogenase and other membrane components are important in stabilizing the capability of the flavoprotein to transfer electrons to other respiratory components. Treatment of this complex with phospholipase C results in loss of most of the succinate-dichlorophenolindophenol reductase activity and almost complete hydrolysis of phospholipid. Succinate dehydrogenase maintains its capability to participate in mitochondrial electron transport for several hours if the phospholipase treated complex is reconstituted with lysolecithin at the time of assay. Phospholipids are therefore not required for the stabilization process, but rather for formation of an active reductase complex. A lipophilic environment, if required for stabilization, can be provided by diglycerides. Diglycerides also can provide an environment conducive to electron transfer from succinate to ubiquinone but do so less efficiently than intact phospholipids. PMID- 1122276 TI - Kinetic and equilibrium studies of the ligand binding reactions of eight electrophoretic components of sperm whale ferrimyoglobin. AB - The reactions of eight electrophoretic components of sperm whale ferrimyoglobin with fluoride, azide, and cyanide have been studied. There do not appear to be significant differences in rate constants or equilibrium constants among the various components. We conclude that at pH 7.0 in 0.05 M potassium phosphate these ligand binding kinetics and equilibria are insensitive to the net charge on the protein. The variation of the azide equilibrium constant with ionic strength from mu 0.01 M to 0.11 M is not in accord with the predictions of the Debye Huckel theory. On the other hand, azide association kinetic and equilibrium constants are respectively six- and threefold greater for beef ferrimyoglobin than for the isoelectric whale ferrimyoglobin (band V). An examination of the data for whale, horse, and beef myoglobins reveals that large differences in azide (but not CO) association rate constants are associated with amino acid substitutions at residues 45 and 99 in the heme cavity. PMID- 1122277 TI - The amino acid sequence of ragweed pollen allergen Ra5. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of Ra5, a ragweed pollen allergen, has been determined. Allergen Ra5 is a low molecular weight protein of 45 residues derived from Ambrosia elatior, the short ragweed. It contains no detectable carbohydrate or lipid and has four disulfide bridges. The total structure was determined on 1.4 mumol of material and indicates that structural analysis is increasingly possible on relatively small amounts of highly purified material when a combination of automated and manual sequencing techniques and highly sensitive detection systems is employed. This represents the first complete amino acid sequence of a ragweed allergen and it should provide a basis for many structure function correlative experiments in the field of immediate hypersensitivity. PMID- 1122278 TI - Association of tissue-specific histones with deoxyribonucleic acid. Thermal denaturation of native, partially dehistonized, and reconstituted chromatins. AB - First derivative thermal denaturation profiles were compared for chromatin samples prepared from chicken erythrocytes, chicken liver, and sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) sperm. Selective dissociation of various histone fractions, including tissue-specific F2c and gamma histones, was manifested in characteristic changes of the thermal denaturation profiles. It was concluded that the binding of individual histone fractions to the DNA can be identified with paricular temperatures of thermal denaturation. This observation was tested by denaturation experiments on hybrid chromatins. Chicken erythrocyte chromatin devoid of F2c histone and reconstituted with isolated liver F1 histone denatured like chicken liver chromatin. Conversely, chicken liver chromatin devoid of F1 histones and reconstituted with isolated F2c fraction exhibited a thermal denaturation profile characteristic of the chicken erythrocyte chromatin. In other words, the thermal denaturation profile of reconstituted chromatin was determined approximately by the sum of contribution histone fractions. The obvious distinctions recognized among the derivative thermal denaturation profiles of compositionally different nucleoproteins suggest that thermal denaturation sensitively detects variations in histone content and therefore is a valuable tool for the routine characterization of chromatin preparations. PMID- 1122279 TI - Interaction between spin-labeled acyl-coenzyme A and the mitochondrial adenosine diphosphate carrier. AB - Spin-labeled long-chain (m,n)acyl-CoA's (general formula: CH3(CH2)mCR(CH2)nCOSCoA, where R is an oxazolidine ring containing a nitroxide) inhibit anion transports through the inner mitochondrial membrane at low concentrations as ordinary long-chain acyl-CoA's do. The inhibition constant relative to the inhibition of the ADP transport in heart mitochondria by spin labeled palmityl-CoA and stearyl-CoA is of the order of 10-7 M, a value which is similar to that found for natural long-chain acyl-CoA's. A short-chain spin labeled acyl-CoA (C5) showed no inhibitory effect in the range of concentrations tested (up to 30 muM). (2) (10,3)Acyl-CoA added to heart mitochondria at low concentrations exhibits spectra corresponding to an immobilized probe. The corresponding free fatty acid shows a higher freedom of motion between 0 and 30 degrees. The same differences in spectra of spin-labeled acyl-CoA and spin labeled free fatty acid were found in inner membrane vesicles from rat liver mitochondria, but not in outer membrane preparations. (3) The selective interaction of spin-labeled acyl-CoA with the ADP carrier is indicated by the release of this interaction by specific ligands of the ADP carrier, such as ADP or ATP, carboxyatractyloside, adn bongkrekic acid. ADP (or ATP) and carboxyatractyloside rendered the spin-labeled (10,3)acyl-CoA nearly as mobile as the (10,3) free fatty acid. No effect was obtained with AMP, GDP, or UDP which are not transported by the ADP carrier. Bongkrekic acid, another specific inhibitor of the ADP carrier, was inactive when added alone; however, it was effective when added together with amounts of ADP which are ineffective per se. (4) The electron spin resonance (esr) spectrum observed at low concentrations of (10,3)acyl-CoA arises from (10,3)acyl-CoA bound to the ADP carrier. At higher concentrations the (10,3)-acy-CoA is more suggesting that the bulk of the label is also present in the lipid phase of the membrane. Spin-labeled acylCoA's incorporated into a sonicated dispersion of lipids extracted from heart mitochondria exhibited similar mobile spectra. (5) When the oxazolidine ring is moved down the hydrocarbon chain of the acyl-CoA, the binding features tended to disappear. Whereas nitroxide-protein interactions could be easily measured with the (10,3)acyl-CoA and the (7,6)acyl-CoA, much less or even no significant interactions could be detected with the (5,10)acyl-CoA or the (1,14)acyl-CoA. (6) The above results suggest that spin-labeled long-chain acylCoA added to mitochondria binds by its polar moiety to the ADP carrier. The acyl chain interacts with the ADP carrier protein over a length of 10-15 A. The remaining portion of the acyl chain experiences a fluid lipid environment. PMID- 1122280 TI - The amino acid sequence of a carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potatoes. AB - The carboxypeptidase inhibitor from Russet Burbank potatoes (C. A. Ryan et al. (1974b), J. Biol. Chem 249, 5495) is a mixture of approximately equal amounts of two polypeptide chains containing 38 and 39 amino acid residues, respectively. The chains differ in their amino terminal sequence only, one beginning with smaller than Glu-His-Ala ... and the other with smaller than Glu-Gln-His-Ala ..... Specific cleavage procedures utilized in determining the complete amino acid sequence of the inhibitor included acid cleavage of the aspartyl-proline bond and tryptic and chymotryptic digestion. Mass spectrometry, automatic Edman degradation, and subtractive Edman degradation were employed in sequencing the resulting peptide fragments. PMID- 1122281 TI - A calorimetric and monolayer investigation of the influence of ions on the thermodynamic properties of phosphatidylcholine. AB - The effects of various ions and 2H2O on the thermal properties of phosphatidylcholine dispersions were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the change in the surface potential of monolayers with temperature. The phosphatidylcholine in 2H2O dispersion exhibits a slightly higher transition temperature and lower enthalpy of melting than a phosphatidylcholine in H2O dispersion. Monovalent (H+, Na+, and Li+) and some divalent cations of chloride salts (Ba2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+) have no effect on the thermal properties of phosphatidylcholine, while halide salts of the di-positive ions Cd2+ and Ca2+ have an effect on both the enthalpy of melting and transition temperature. No effect attributable to the metal ion was observed in non-halide salts of cadmium. The chloride salt of La3+ has no effect on lipid thermal properties whereas that of Fe3+ affects the transition temperature. The enthalpy of melting of phosphatidylcholine in one molar solutions of potassium salts increases in the order: CNS minus greater than acetate greater than I minus. Such large, polarizable anions clearly interact with phosphatidylcholine and must therefore also confer a negative charge on the lipid. The potassium salt of SO4-2 minus has no effect. Possible origins of the observed trends are discussed. PMID- 1122282 TI - Differential solubilization of proteins, phospholipids, free and esterified cholesterol of rat liver cellular membranes by sodium deoxycholate. AB - 1. Smooth microsomes, Golgi-rich fractions, and light and heavy plasmalemmal subfractions from rat liver were isolated and their purity assessed using enzymic, chemical and morphological criteria. 2. Membranes were prepared by Tris EDTA washing combined with sonication treatment of the different subcellular fractions. 3. Washed membranes were submitted to differential solubilization with 0.26% sodium deoxycholate. When the deoxycholate/phospholipid molar ratio (R) is raised, all the membranes showed a maximum protein solubilization occurring at R approximately equal TO 2. The higher the membrane neutral lipid to phospholipid molar ratio is, the lower the solubilized protein plateau lies. 4. Phospholipids are solubilized in slightly greater amounts than proteins and their solubilization is complete at R equals 14-16. 5. For R smaller than 2, sterols are solubilized in slightly greater amounts than phospholipids. At maximum protein solubilization, cholesterol and cholesterol esters completely differ in their behaviour. The whole membrane cholesterol goes into solution for R equals 14-16 while the solubilization of esterified cholesterol is never complete. The higher the protein plateau is, the lower the cholesterol esters solubilization curve asymptote lies. PMID- 1122283 TI - Interaction of different forms of haemoglobin with artificial lipid membranes. AB - The action of different forms of haemoglobin (oxy-, carboxy-and methaemoglobin) and myoglobin on the leakage of Rb+ out of liposomes has been investigated. The results presented will demonstrate that only methaemoglobin is particularly effective in interacting with phospholipid vesicles by changing their permeability and catalyzing a peroxidation of their unsaturated hydrocarbon chains. PMID- 1122284 TI - Partial purification and characterization of the antidiuretic hormone inactivating enzyme from renal plasma membranes. AB - An antidiuretic hormone-inactivating peptidase located in renal plasma membranes of porcine kidney medulla has been studied. Treatment of antidiuretic hormone (lysine vasopressin) with renal plasma membranes resulted in a progressive loss of biological activity as measured by the rat pressor assay. The reaction of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid with released amino groups was employed to follow the peptidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the hormone. An 83-fold purification of the membrane-bound peptidase was achieved by Lubrol PX solubilization of the membranes followed by DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylopatite, and 8% agarose column chromatography. The molecular weight of the peptidase was 442 000 as determined by 8% agarose gel filtration. An analysis of the antidiuretic hormone hydrolysis products by thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of trinitrophenyl glycinamide. The release of glycinamide from the hormone as a function of time was demonstrated. Mg2+ had a slight inhibitory effect and Ca2+ had a strong inhibitory effect on the peptidase activity. PMID- 1122285 TI - Guanine aminohydrolase in rat and mouse red cells: a potent inhibitor of guanylation of tRNA. AB - 1. The red blood cells of mice and rats contained guanine aminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.3). This enzyme was not present in rabbit, sheep or human red blood cells. 2. The enzyme from rat blood cells was separated into two activities by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Both isozymes were labile but it was possible to show that the more abundant enzyme followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, had an apparent Km of 4.0-10-6 M and was not activated by GTP nor inhibited by allantoin. 3. We believe, therefore, that guanine aminohydrolase was the protein in rat and mouse red blood cells that inhibited the enzyme (in rabbit reticulocytes) responsible for guanylation of tRNA. PMID- 1122286 TI - Active site directed effectors of allosteric enzymes. AB - This communication introduces the concept of an active site directed effector, in terms of the two state model of Monod et al. (Monod, J., Wyman, J. and Changeux, J.-P. (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 12, 88-118), a consideration made necessary by the observation that the activity of a number of enzymes of the control type is modulated by effector molecules whose structure is similar to that of the substrate. We present equations which describe the kinetic responses obtained in its absence; this seemingly paradoxical activation, at low (S), is not tions the v versus (S) plot obtained in the presence of the effector crosses that obtained in its absence; this seemingly paradoxial activation, at low (S), is not explainable by the other frequently used two state models (Monod, J., Wyman, J. and Changeux, J.-P. (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 12, 88-118; Rubin, M.M. and Changeux, J. P. (1966) J. Mol. Biol. 21, 265-274; Frieden, C. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 4045 4052; Dalziel, K. (1968) FEBS Lett. 1, 346-348 and Nichol, L.W., O'Dea, K. and Baghurst, P.A. (1972) J. Theor. Biol. 34, 255-263). The model is discussed using examples taken from the literature and successfully used to reanalyse published data on the enzyme deoxythymidine diphosphate D-glucose pyrophosphorylase (Frieden, C. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 4045-4052). PMID- 1122287 TI - Substrate-induced redox change of selenium in glutathione peroxidase studied by x ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AB - Glutathione peroxidase showed an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy signal of the Se 3d (3/2, 5/2) electrons at 54.4 eV. After the addition of the acceptor substrate H2O2, a marked shift of this signal to a value of 58.0 eV was observed. Upon subsequent treatment with the donor substrate glutathione, this chemical shift was reversed and the original signal was obtained. These data demonstrate that the enzyme-bound selenium moiety participates in the catalytic process. From the chemical shift obtained it is concluded that the enzyme shuttles between a selenol or selenol derivative in its reduced form and a seleninyl or selenonyl compound in its oxidized form. PMID- 1122288 TI - Organophosphate inhibitors: the reactions of bis(p-nitrophenyl) methyl phosphate with liver carboxylesterases and alpha-chymotrypsin. AB - Bis(p-nitrophenyl) methyl phosphate (BNMP) has been tested as a spectrophotometric titrant for a group of serine hydrolases. Bis(p-nitrophenyl) methyl phosphate reacts rapidly with liver carboxylesterases from chicken, sheep, and horse, and more slowly with alpha-chymotrypsin, releasing 2 mol of p nitrophenol per active site titrated, and producing a phosphorylated enzyme very stable to dephosphorylation. However, pig liver carboxylesterase produces 2.2 mol of p-nitrophenol per active site titratedmreaction of pig and chicken liver carboxylesterases with bis(p-nitrophenyl) [3H]methyl [32P]phosphate clarified this differencemone molecule of the chicken enzyme reacts with one molecule of bis(p-nitrophenyl) methyl phosphate, releasing both p-nitrophenol residues, and resulting in an inhibited enzyme with one phosphorus atom and one methyl group covalently bound. Pig enzyme reacts rapidly, forming (presumably) methyl p nitrophenyl phosphoryl-carboxylesterasemthis further reacts, concurrently producing methyl phosphoryl-carboxylesterase plus p-nitrophenol, or free enzyme plus methyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate, in the ratio of about 5 : 1 at pH 7.55. The free enzyme produced undergoes further reaction with bis(p-nitrophenyl) methyl phosphate until all the carboxylesterase is inhibited. PMID- 1122289 TI - Chorismate mutase of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Partial purification and some properties. AB - Chorismate mutase (chorismate pyruvatemutase, EC 5.4.99.5) was extracted from Chlamydomonas reinhardi by sonication. Fractionation of crude sonic extracts with (NH4)2SO4 and by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex gel chromatography indicated a single peak of chorismate mutase activity with molecular weight 61 000. The Michaelis constant for 20-fold purified enzyme was 0.46 mM. Prephenate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.9) and prephenate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.40) activities were not detected in our crude or partially purified preparations of chorismate mutase. Tyrosine (1.25 mM) inhibited chorismate mutase activity by approx. 85% in crude and partially purified preparations. Phenylalanine (1.25 mM) inhibited 20%. Tryptophan (1.25 mM) by itself had no detectable effect on chorismate mutase activity but it completely reversed inhibition by tyrosine and phenylalanine. No repression of chorismate mutase was observed when the minimal growth medium was supplemented with aromatic end products. PMID- 1122290 TI - Naja melanoleuca (forest cobra) venom. Purification and some properties of phospholipases A. AB - Three phospholipases A (Fractions DE-I, DE-II and DE-III) were purified from Naja melanoleuca (Forest cobra) venom by a combination of gel filtration on Sephadex G 50 and chromatography on DEAE-cellulosemthe purified phospholipases A were homogeneous by various physicochemical criteria. Whereas Fraction DE-I contains 118 amino acid residues, Fractions DE-II and DE-III comprise 119 residues. The three enzymes are cross-linked by seven disulphide bridges, have asparagine as N terminal amino acid and the C-terminal is glutamic acid or glutamine. The molecular weights of the three phospholipases A from sedimentation analysis at pH 2.1, also by the sodium dodecylsulphate-gel method and calculated from the amino acid composition, were close to 13 000. Studies of circular dichroism in the spectral region between 195 to 305 nm showed that the three phospholipases A contain similar helical contents but revealed conformational differences between their side-chain chromophores. PMID- 1122291 TI - Naja melanoleuca (forest cobra) venom. The amino acid sequence of phospholipase A, fraction DE-III. AB - Reduced and S-carboxymethylated phospholipase A (Fraction DE-III) from Naja melanoleuca venom was digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin and thermolysin. The resulting peptides were purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 or G-50 and chromatography and electrophoresis on paper. The amino acid sequences of the intact enzyme and the pur peptides were determined by the Edman procedure, either through the use of the automatic sequencer or by manual manipulation. The chymotryptic digest provided the necessary overlapping peptides which allowed the alignment of the tryptic peptides into a single chain of 119 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of N. melanoleuca phospholipase A shows a high degree of homology with phospholipases A from Bitis gabonica and also from porcine pancreas. PMID- 1122292 TI - The amino acid sequence of phospholipase A, fractions DE-I and DE-II. AB - The complete amino acid sequences of phospholipase A (Fractions DE-I and DE-II) from Naja melanoleuca (Forest cobra) have been elucidated. The reduced and S carboxymethylated isoenzyme were digested with trypsin and thermolysin and the peptides were purified by ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and chromatography or electrophoresis on paper. The Edman procedure, either through the use of the automatic sequencer or by manual manipulation, was employed to obtain the sequences of the intact isoenzymes and the pure peptidesmthe thermolysin digest provided the necessary overlapping peptides which allowed the alignment of the tryptic peptides of Fraction DE-I. The tryptic peptides of Fraction DE-II were either identical or homologous to the tryptic peptides of Fraction I and Fraction III [12] and were aligned in the same order as that of Fractions DE-I or DE-III. The amino acid sequence of N. melanoleuca phospholipase A, Fraction I, shows a high degree of homology with Fraction DE-II and also with Fraction DE-III, previously reported on [12]. PMID- 1122293 TI - Platelet antiheparin activity. The isolation and characterisation of platelet factor 4 released from thrombin-aggregated washed human platelets and its dissociation into subunits and the isolation of membrane-bound antiheparin activity. AB - Platelet factor 4 was isolated by gel filtration from the soluble release products of thrombin-aggregated washed human platelets as a proteoglycan-platelet factor 4 complex of molecular weight 358 000, Stokes radius (r-s) of 14.0 nm, sedimentation coefficient (s) of 7.1 S and frictional ratio (f/f-o) of 3.04. The complex was dissociated at high ionic strength (I equals 0.75) and the proteoglycan separated from platelet factor 4 by gel filtration. Platelet factor 4 had a molecular weight of 27 100, r-s of 2.52 nm, s of 2.4 S and f/f-o of 1.26, was insoluble under physiological conditions but readily soluble at pH 3. Under these conditions platelet factor 4 dissociated into four subunits with a molecular weight of 6900, r-s of 1.92 nm, s of 0.8 S, and f/f-o of 1.52. Qualitative N-terminal amino acid analysis showed the presence of glutamic acid or glutamine as the major end group. Platelet factor 4 was compared with protamine sulphate, which has similar biological properties, by electrophoresis at pH 2.2, in which both migrated as single bands but with differing mobility, and by amino acid analysis which showed a more normal distribution of residues than occurred in protamine sulphate. Of the basic amino acids platelet factor 4 (molecular weight 27 100) contained 5.97% arginine, 3.18% histidine, and 12.31% lysine compared to protamine sulphate with 64.2% arginine, 0.6% lysine and no histidine. A partial specific volume (v) of 0.747 was calculated for platelet factor 4 from its amino acid analysis. A membrane fraction with antiheparin activity, an isopycnic density of 1.090-1.110 and r-s of 15-35 nm, was also isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation from the ultrasonicated insoluble platelet residue remaining after thrombin-induced aggregation of washed human platelets. Trypsin treatment of the membrane fraction neither solubilised nor destroyed the activity. PMID- 1122294 TI - Polynucleotide phosphorylase from Streptomyces aureofaciens: purification and properties. AB - 1. Polynucleotide phosphorylase from a chlortetracycline-producing strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens was isolated by Polymin P fractionation. Using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150 the enzyme, which appears homogeneous in gel chromatography and sedimentation analysis, was purified 2000 fole giving a final yield of 15%. 2. The sedimentation coefficient (s-o 20, w) of the native enzyme in 0.2 M NaCl is 9.15 S and its molecular weight is 210 000 plus or minus 15 000. Molecular weight estimated by sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis was about 100 000. 3. We have determined the optimal conditions for nucleoside 5'-diphosphate polymerization, their phosphate exchange and phosphorolysis of polyribonucleotides catalysed by polynucleotide phosphorylase from S. aureofaciens. 4. Chlortetracycline is a competitive inhibitor of S. aureofaciens polynucleotide phosphorylase. 5. Polynucleotide phosphorylase is activated in the polymerization reaction by ionic strength (K+, Na+, NH4+) while polyribonucleotide phosphorolysis is activated only by NH4+. PMID- 1122295 TI - The two human chymotrypsinogens. Purification and characterization. AB - The two chymotrypsinogens present in human pancreatic juice have been purified and characterized. The zymogens are two immunologically and electrophoretically different proteins. Chymotrypsinogen A, the major chymotryptic component (90% of the total potential N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethylester activity) is stable in acidic medium. By its molecular weight (approx. 24 000), specific activity (530) and amino acid composition, human chymotrypsinogen A resembles chymotrypsinogens A and B form bovine and porcine pancreas. Chymotrypsinogen B is a minor chymotryptic component (7% of the total potential N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethylester activity) unstable in acidic medium with a molecular weight slightly higher (approx. 27 000) and a specific activity slightly lower (300) than chymotrypsinogen A. The last 3% of the total potential N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethylester activity corresponds to a proelastase that we have partially characterized. PMID- 1122296 TI - Isolation of a glycoprotein and proteodermatan sulphate from bovine achilles tendon by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. AB - A fraction was isolated from a 3 M MgCl2 extract of bovine achilles tendon on the basis of its affinity for collagen. Affinity chromatography of this material on concanavalin A-Sepharose yielded a mixture which comprised a glycoprotein of approximate molecular weight 60 000 and two constituents containing hexuronic acid. The existence of a complex between the glycoprotein and material containing hexuronic acid was demonstrated by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and by equilibrium sedimentation in CsCl density gradients. The complex was completely dissociated in 4 M guanidinium chloride. One of the constituents containing hexuronic acid was identified as a proteodermatan sulphate of low molecular weight and which had an abnormally high protein content (45-50%) and low buoyant density (1.46 g/ml) for a proteoglycan. The denser of the two molecules containing hexuronic acid appeared to be a normal proteoglycan, with a low protein content (11%). Analyses are given for the glycoprotein and the proteodermatan sulphate. PMID- 1122297 TI - Carbohydrate binding specificity of the lectin from the pea (Pisum sativum). AB - Hapten inhibition measurements on the precipitin reaction between Pisum sativum lectin and Pichia pinus phosphomannan showed the lectin to bind D-mannose, D glucose, D-fructose and L-sorbose. Unmodified hydroxyl groups at the C-4 and the C-6 positions of the D-glucopyranose ring were essential for binding to the protein. Modification of the C-2 hydroxyl group was allowed in the D glucopyranose ring but not in the D-mannopyranose configuration. Substitution of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom at the C-3 position of D-glucose increased the binding efficiency. With the exception of gentiobiose, the beta-linked glycobioses tested were not bound to the lectin, whereas the alpha-linked glycobioses were potent inhibitorsmin general, the P. sativum lectin was found to be less sensitive to structural variation of inhibiting carbohydrates than concanavalin A, the lectin from Canavalia ensiformis. PMID- 1122298 TI - Improved purification of cathepsin B1 and cathepsin B2. AB - An improved purification of the cathepsins B1 and B2 from bovine spleen is described. In addition to the formerly used procedure, chromatography with DEAE Sephadex or -cellulose and mercurated agarose is used. Both enzymes are obtained in an electrophoretically pure form but consist of two or more isoenzymes. The isolation procedure leads to enzymes with high specific activities in satisfactory yields. Cathepsin B1 is frequently accompanied by small amounts of an arylamidase-like enzyme that hydrolyzes leucine p-nitroanilide. However, very probably, cathepsin B1 itself has a low activity toward this substrate too. Cathepsin B2 has a comparatively high activity with its characteristic though not specific substrate, alpha-N-benzoyl-L-arginineamide, whereas the activity toward haemoglobin is far lower. Both enzymes possess an essential SH group and require EDTA and a mercaptane for full activity, but their stability is markedly impaired by storage at higher thiol concentrations; Some other properties of the enzymes are also discussed. PMID- 1122299 TI - Isolation, composition and functional properties of alpha-lactalbumins from several species. AB - 1. Galactosyltranferases were isolated from bovine and pig milk and alpha labtalbumins from milks of cow, pig, dog, rabbit, baboon and chimpanzee. 2. Alpha Lactalbumins were characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition, ultraviolet absorbance, and ability to promote synthesis of lactose by the galactosyltransferases. 3. The order of K-m values of the various alpha lactalbumins was the same with both cow and pig galactosyltransferases and differed from the order predicted from taxonomical classification of the species. 4. A280/A260 abosrbance ratios were correlated with K-m values suggesting involvement of tyrosyl groups in the function of alpha-lactalbumin. PMID- 1122300 TI - Evaluation of the precision of difference chromatography. AB - Difference chromatography, a method of chromatography in which elution volumes are compared directly, has been tested for precision under conditions used for estimating the relative dissociation of human oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin and their hybrid. The test was carried out by first establishing a steady flow of haemoglobin through a column of gel particles, and then interrupting the flow temporarily by injecting a known weight of buffer solution, which thus simulated a small difference in elution volume. The dip in absorbance on the elution record was evaluated by digital methods. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the injected weight was estimated from the elution record with a standard error of plus or minus 0.02 g. Since the elution weight was about 50 g, the precision of difference chromatography must approach that of difference ultracentrifugation, and has obvious potential for the accurate comparison of the molecular weights of polypeptides in strongly dispersing media. PMID- 1122301 TI - The relevance of the structure of lysine bound to Sepharose for the affinity of rabbit plasminogen;. AB - The features of the structure of lysine, linked to Sepharose by the alpha-amino group, which are important for affinity chromatography of rabbit plasminogem were studied. Nine lysine and lysine-like conjugates, including epsilon-aminohexanoic acid DL-norleucine, DL-alpha-aminoadipic acid, DL-alpha-epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, cadaverine L-ornithine, L-arginine and D-lysine, were prepared; Using labelled rabbit plasminogen added to plasma, the ability of each conjugate to absorb plasminogen and separate the allomeric forms, type I and type II, during epsilon-aminohexanoic acid gradient elution was compared to Sepharose-L-lysine. Plasminogen had no affinity for Sepharose-epsilon-aminohexanoic acid, and was only weakly attracted by Sepharose-norleucine, Sepharose-cadaverine and others. Sepharose-ornithine held a greater attraction to the protein but the strongest binding was obtained with Sepharose-arginine. The affinity of plasminogen type I was always less than type II for the Sepharose-lysine analogues and the recovery of type II greater than type I from Sepharose-ornithine and Sepharose-arginine. Plasminogen affinity was in the order of Sepharose-arginine greater than Sepharose-lysine greater than Sepharose-ornithine. However, because of the present difficulty in recovering plasminogen from Sepharose-arginine the use of Sepharose-lysine in the affinity chromatography of rabbit plasminogen remains unchallenged. It is concluded that binding of rabbit plasminogen to conjugates of lysine and its analogues is determined by the presence of both a free carboxyl and a free amino group and that the distance between these groups is critical. PMID- 1122302 TI - Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein from rat kidney. AB - A calcium-binding protein has been partially purified from rat kidney. It is found in the cortex, but not in the medulla. It is Vitamin D-dependent, as it occurs in normal, but not in Vitamin D-deficient rats. The molecular weight is 28 000, more than twice that of the Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding proteins from rat intestinal mucosa. The apparent dissociation constant of the partially purified renal calcium-binding protein is approx. 10-5 M. PMID- 1122303 TI - The protein composition of rat parotid saliva and secretory granules. AB - Rat parotid saliva was collected by surgical cannulation of the ducts and stimulation with pilocarpine; The secreted salivary proteins were resolved on columns of DEAE-Sephadex into five major Fractions, I-V, which were characterized by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, amino acid analyses and enzymatic assay. Rat parotid secretory granules were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and lysed in hypotonic buffers. Granule content proteins were resolved and examined by the same techniques as for secreted proteins. In both experiments, Fraction I contained RNAase and a major unidentified protein, M1, Fraction II contained the isoenzymes of amylase; DNAase was present in Fraction III and, to a lesser degree, in Fraction IV. The proportions of the enzyme containing peaks were the same in saliva and granule contents. Fractions IV and V contain proteins of unknown function; Fraction IV contains exceptionally high levels of glutamic acid, glycine and proline in its protein moieties and approx. 6-8% neutral sugars. PMID- 1122304 TI - The thermochemistry of reactions between alpha-s1-casein and calcium chloride. AB - The enthalpies of reactions between alpha-s1-casein and Ca2+ in solution were measured using a gradient layer calorimeter. The reactions are exothermic between 0 and 4.3 mM CaCl2. In the region of 4.3 mM CaCl2 there is a change to an endothermic reaction corresponding to micellisation. A calcium-binding curve has been obtained under the same conditions as the calorimetry experiments and this shows two sigmoidal binding phases. Turbidity measurements show that there is an association process corresponding to the second sigmoidal phase. A tentative interpretation of the heat curve in the region before micellisation is given in terms of the site binding of Ca2+, conformational changes in the protein and association. The main thermal processes are taken to be exothermic intramolecular hydrogen bonding induced by calcium binding and endothermic hydrophobic bonding. PMID- 1122305 TI - Haemoglobin hamadan: alpha-2A beta-2 56 (D7) glycine yields arginine. PMID- 1122306 TI - Metabolism of long-chain isoprenoid alcohols. Incorporation of phytol and dihydrophytol into the lipids of rat brain. AB - [U-14-C]Phytol (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol) and [U-14-C]dihydrophytol (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanol) were administered intracerebrally to 18-day old rats and incorporation of radioactivity into brain lipids was determined after 6 and 24 h. Radioactivity from [U-14-C]phytol was found in free phytenic (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enoic), phytanic (3,7,11,15 tetramethylhexadecanoic) and pristanic (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoic) acids, in phytanic and pristanic acid moieties of neutral and polar lipids, and in esters of phytol. In addition, evidence is presented for the utilization of phytol to form 1-O-phytenyl-2-acyl glycerophosphatides. Radioactivity from [U-14 C]dihydrophytol was found in free phytanic and pristanic acids, the corresponding acyl groups of neutral and polar lipids, esters of dihydrophytol and 1-O-phytanyl 2-acyl glycerophosphatides. Incorporation of either substrate into O alkylglycerols was very low, and labeled branched-chain alk-1-enylglycerols could not be detected. PMID- 1122307 TI - The activation of short-chain fatty acids by the soluble fraction of guinea-pig heart and liver mitochondria. The search for a distinct propionyl-CoA synthetase. AB - 1. The ATP dependent acetyl-, propionyl- and butyryl-CoA synthetase activities were measured in the soluble fraction of both guinea-pig heart and liver mitochondria. 2. When measured in 300 mM Tris-HC1, the V of propionate activation in heart (equals 892 munits/mg protein) is much higher than the V of acetate (equals 637 munits/mg protein) and butyrate activation (equals 143 munits/mg protein. Fatty acid competition experiments, however, clearly show that most of the propionate activation (Km equals 7.94 mM) is caused by the acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1) (Km for acetate equals 0.8 mM), while the remaining activity is probably caused by a butyryl-CoA synthetase (Km for butyrate equals 0.83 mM). This indicates that in guinea-pig heart the presence of a distinct propionyl-CoA synthetase is very unlikely. 3. In liver a completely different pattern of short-chain fatty acid activation is found: low acetate activation and moderate propionate and butyrate activation. Substrate competition experiments and kinetics of fatty acid activation indicate that in this tissue a distinct propionyl-CoA synthetase is present with high affinity for propionate (Km equals 0.6 mM) and some affinity towards acetate and butyrate (Km values respectively 11 mM and 5.4 mM). PMID- 1122308 TI - Colchicine-induced inhibition of plasma lipoprotein lipase release in the intact rat. AB - The release of plasma lipoprotein lipase by heparin was studied in fed and food deprived rats pretreated with colchicine and vinblastine. Four hours after the administration of either drug the lipoprotein lipase activity released by heparin was only half of that found in controls. Colchicine affected the release of both protamine-sensitive and protamine-resistant lipoprotein lipase. It is suggested that colchicine and vinblastine interfere with the transport of lipoprotein lipase from the site of its storage to the vascular cell surface. PMID- 1122309 TI - The biosynthesis and turnover of different molecular species of rat testicular choline phosphoglycerides and triacylglycerols following intratesticular injection with (1(3)-14C)glycerol. AB - Rats were sacrificed 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 96 h after an intratesticular injection with [1(3)-14-C]glycerol. The choline phosphoglycerides and triacylglycerols were isolated and the choline phosphoglycerides were converted to diacylglycerols by treatment with phospholipase C. These diacylglycerols and the triacylglycerols were fractionated into molecular species using argentation thin-layer chromatography. At early time periods the percent of radioactivity incorporated into the oleate- and linoleate-containing diacylglycerols exceeded the molar contribution of these two fractions. The percent of radioactivity in the linoleate fraction declined rapidly at later time periods while the percent of radioactivity in the oleate fraction also declined but not as rapidly. In contrast the percent of radioactivity in the arachidonate and docosa-4,7,10,13,16 pentaenoate-containing diacylglycerols at early time periods was lower than the molar amounts of these diacylglycerols. At later time periods the percent of radioactivity in these two fractions increased. These findings suggests that oleate- and linoleate-containing choline phosphoglycerides are made largely by total synthesis while a deacylation-acylation pathway plays a major role in the biosynthesis of the highly unsaturated choline phosphoglycerides. The calculated apparent half-lifes for the oleate-, linoleate-, arachidonate- and docosa- 4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoate-containing diacylglycerols were respectively 35, 18, 41 and 46 h. The percent incorporation of [1(3)-14-C]glycerol into the various triacylglycerol fractions did not differ markedly from the molar contribution of the respective molecular fractions suggesting that the various molecular species of rat testicular triacylglycerols are all synthesized and turn over at about the same rate. PMID- 1122310 TI - The occurrence of dihydrophytyl wax esters in bovine rumen liquor. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the bovine rumen liquor wax esters and compare them with those of the dietary white clover leaf and stem tissues (Body, D.R. (1974) Phytochemistry 13, 1527-1530). The major fatty acid composition of the total bovine rumen liquor wax esters was made up of saturated fatty acids (62.1%) including palmitic (20.4%), stearic (16.2%) and other acids over the n C19-n-C30 range (20.5%). However, 13.2% phytanic acid was also present. Of the two major fatty alcohol components, dihydrophytol (33.4%) and triacontanol (20.2%) were the principal contributors. Approximately 30% of the total intact rumen liquor wax esters was a series of dihydrophytyl wax esters. These represented 0.6% of the total rumen liquor lipid extract. Individually they were comprised of dihydrophytyl palmitate (0.05%), dihydrophytyl phytanate (0.10%) and dihydrophytyl n-C18 fatty acids (0.45%). The appearance of saturated isoprenoid moieties was the most striking difference between the composition of rumen liquor and dietary white clover wax esters. PMID- 1122311 TI - [Action of microbial flora of the digestive tract on the metabolism of bile acids in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - An isotopic balance is established in rats receiving a regular feed intake of [4 14-C]cholesterol so that various chemical species of bile acids have the same specific activity. This property is used to study bile acids distribution in the rat liver, digestive tract and fecal excretion. Bile acids are separated by thin layer chromatography, radioactivity is determined by liquid scintillation, and the mass by 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase action. The resulting comparative study made between the germ-free rat (axenic rat) and the rat exposed to microbes ("holoxenic" or conventional rat) receiving a semi-synthetetic feed, shows the influence excercised on the metabolism by the microbial flora of the digestive tract. This study confirms that the axenic rat compared to its holoxenic homologue has a higher bile acids pool and a lower fecal excretion. At all levels of the digestive tract (small intestine and the whole caecum and large intestine), probably as well as in the liver, the total amount of bile acids which is observed in the axenic rat is about twice the amount observed in the holoxenic rat, but fecal excretion is decreased by 20%. Values obtained by this method are higher than those previously observed by other authors using gas liquid chromatography or [14-C]cholic acid isotopic dilution. This study also confirms that cholic and beta-muricholic acids are the main bile acids in the axenic rat and in addition establishes that in this animal bile acids composition is complex and varies from the small intestine to the feces. Besides cholic, alpha- and beta-muricholic, chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids, unidentified chemical species constitute 21% of the whole in the feces. Comparing the compositions observed in axenic and holoxenic rats in this experiment, it could not be determined if the relative activity of the two pathways of bile acid biosynthesis is deeply or only slightly changed by the presence of microbial flora. This is because of a large fraction of unknown composants in the feces of the axenic rat and the extreme complexity in the feces of the holoxenic rat. PMID- 1122312 TI - Bile acids. XLIV, quantitation of bile acids from the bile fistula rat given (4 14C) cholesterol. AB - The bile acids derived from [4-14-C]cholesterol administered intracardially to rats with cannulated bile ducts were identified and quantitated. Over a period of 28 days about 90% of the administered 14-C was found in bile of which 73% was retained in the biliary acid fraction. [7beta-3-H]cholic acid, alpha-muri[3beta-3 H]cholic acid, beta-muri[3beta-3-H]cholic acid and litho[3beta-3-H]cholic acid were prepared with specific activities of about 30 muCi/mg by reduction of appropriate ketonic precursors with NaB3H4 and were added to the biliary acid fraction. After separation and purification of the bile acids, cholic, chenodeoxycholic, alpha- and beta-muricholic acids accounted for 70, 16, 7.5 and 6.1%, respectively, of the 14-C in the biliary acid fraction. The specific activities of these isolated 14-C-labeled acids were almost identical. Lithocholic acid accounted for a maximum of 0.2% and ursodeoxycholic acid and 7 oxolithocholic acid could account for no more than 2% of the biliary 14-C. Gas liquid chromatography on 3% OV-17 of the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of the methyl esters of the common bile acids of rat bile results in their complete separation and provides a convenient means of estimating the relative proportions of these acids in rat bile. By this method, the relative amounts of the four major acids, cholic, chenodeoxycholic, alpha- and beta-muricholic acids were 63, 20, 8 and 6%, respectively. PMID- 1122313 TI - Inhibition of cholesterol esterification by polyene antibiotics in blood plasma. AB - The inhibition of the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase reaction in human plasma by the polyene antibiotics, levorine and amphotericin B, has been demonstrated by in vitro experiments. It is suggested that the inhibition of the esterification reaction is the result of interaction between polyenes and non esterified cholesterol. PMID- 1122314 TI - Specific effects of triarimol on sterol biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis. AB - 1. Triarimol (2 mug/ml) severely inhibited ergosterol synthesis in sporidia of Ustilago maydis. In control cells ergosterol accounted for 70-85% of the total sterols, In sporidia treated 9.5 h with triarimol the total sterol content was not appreciably reduced; however, ergosterol constituted less than 4% of the sterol fraction. In treated cells 95% of this fraction was composed of 24 methylene-dihydrolanosterol, obtusifoliol and 14alpha-methyl-delta-8,24(28) ergostadienol. These three sterols are proposed as the first intermediates of ergosterol biosynthesis in U. maydis. 2. This study indicates that in U. maydis triarimol inhibits three reactions in ergosterol biosynthesis, all of which involve the D ring and the side chain of the sterol molecule: demethylation at C 14; introduction of the C-22(23) double bond; and reduction of the C-24(28) double bond. The nature of inhibition suggests triarimol may bind to a sterol sterol carrier protein complex and prevent interaction of the complex with enzymes necessary to carry out reactions in the affected region. 3. Cells treated with triarimol for 9.5 h contained approximately 100 times the quantity of free fatty acids found in control cells. There were qualitative differences in free fatty acids and fatty acids of the di- and triglycerides in control and treated cells. PMID- 1122315 TI - Release of lipoprotein lipase from fat cells in vitro. AB - Release of lipoprotein lipase from rat fat cells incubated at 20 degrees in medium with albumin, but without glucose proceeded at a constant rate for 30 min. The initial rate of release was increased when serum was present in the medium. Maximal stimulation (100-300%) was produced with 3.8% serum. The maximal increment in release caused by serum was always greater than that produced by heparin and when both were added release was greater than it was with either one alone. The active component(s) of serum, nondialyzable and stable for 30 min at 56 degrees C, was present in sera from humans and rats in the fed or fasted state. Glucose plus insulin (but neither alone) enhanced the rate of lipase release in the presence of serum but not in its absence. The half-life of the lipase in basal medium of 20 degrees C was 90 min. Heparin decreased this to about 50 min and serum markedly prolonged it whether or not heparin was present. Lipoprotein lipase activity in cells and fractions thereof was assayed in extracts of acetone powders. After centrifugation of fat cell homogenates at 600 times g for 15 min, only 50-60% of the activity was recovered in the supernatant. After centrifugation at 100 000 times g for 60 min, the supernatant contained about 10% of the total activity and the sediment 40%. In some experiments, most of the rest was recovered in the floating fat fraction. Total lipoprotein lipase activity of cells plus medium increased steadily during incubation of fat cells for 1h at 30 degrees C. The major increment occurred in the cells and activity in the medium was always less than 15% of the total. Our observations are consistent with the view that activation may be an important determinant of fat cell lipoprotein lipase activity as well as an integral part of the release process. PMID- 1122316 TI - Monolayer characteristics of some glycolipids at the air-water interface. AB - Surface pressure and surface potential versus molecular area data have been obtained for some galactosyldiglycerides and some galactosphingolipids at the air water interface. The physical states of galactolipid monolayers (and bilayers) parallel those of the phospholipids. The molecular packing of the monolayers is determined primarily by the interactions between the hydrocarbon chains and chain melting causes the transition from condensed to expanded monolayer. Thus the long saturated chain cerebrosides from myelin have high chain-melting temperatures and form condensed monolayers with the chains in a quasi-crystalline array. The galactosyldiglycerides from chloroplast membranes contain polyunsaturate chains and form liquid-expanded monolayers. The surface potentials of monolayers of neutral galactosyldiglycerides are similar to those of equivalent lecithins; the contributions of the hydrated galactose and phosphorylcholine moieties to the surface potential are approximately equal. The various galactosphingolipid monolayers studied have quite different surface potentials; this indicates that relatively small variations in molecular structure which do not lead to appreciable changes in the average packing density can cause large changes in surface potential. PMID- 1122317 TI - The interpretation of proton magnetic resonance linewidths for lecithin dispersions. Effect of particle size and chain packing. AB - Two previously reported theoretical treatments of the effect of sonication on the PMR spectrum of phospholipid bilayer membranes have led to divergent conclusions regarding the effects of sonication on the structure of the bilayer membrane. In this report these two theoretical treatments will be critically reviewed, and it will be shown that only the theory of Seiter and Chan (Seiter, C.H.A. and Chan, S.I. (1973) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95, 7541-7553) yields predictions which are in agreement with experiment. Analysis of available and newly acquired NMR results for sonicated bilayer vesicles of different sizes, both above and below the thermal phase transition, indicates that sonication does disrupt the regular molecular packing of the phospholipid molecules in these systems. PMID- 1122318 TI - Modification of optical responses associated with the action potential of lobster giant axons. AB - The sources of optical retardation changes and light scattering changes occurring during the action potential propagation of lobster giant axons have been investigated. A technique has been developed for resolving the total transmitted light intensity change into a retardation change component, dI-r, and a forward direction light scattering change, dI-s. Trypsin, pronase, neuraminidase and hyaluronidase all reduce the magnitude of dI-r without diminishing the action potential, probably by cleaving charged saccharides. Dithiothreitol has no effect. This suggests that glycoproteins and hyaluronic acid polymers at the surface of the axon are involved in the optical responses, either by being passively realigned or by contributing to compression and expansion forces as the membrane electric field changes. Large dI-s responses are generated by trypsin and pronase treatment. The modifying effects of these proteases may be due to modification of the membrane or to increases in the refractive index of the medium surrounding the axon, since similar large dI-s, responses are produced by increasing the refractive index with sucrose. Since large reductions in dIr can be produced without concurrent reductions in the action potential, a significant portion of the optical retardation responses cannot be attributable to structural changes that are causally related to membrane ionic permeability changes during the action potential. PMID- 1122319 TI - Some chemical characteristics of dimethylsuberimidate and its effect on sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles treated with dimethylsuberimidate lose the capacity for ATP-promoted Ca2+ accumulation and show other properties indicative of leaky vesicles. As an aid to assessing whether this effect was caused by cross linking or by hydrolysis products, characteristics of dimethylsuberimidate hydrolysis under incubation conditions used were measured. At pH 7.0, 25 DEGREES C, dimethylsuberimidate is hydrolyzed with an apparent first order rate constant of 0.016 min-1, to give dimethylsuberate as the principal product. The effect on ATP-promoted Ca2+ accululation was shown to be caused by partially and fully hydrolyzed products of the diimido ester, and not to cross-linking of membrane components. PMID- 1122320 TI - Barrier properties of lecithin/lysolecithin mixtures. AB - Light scattering, birefringence and X-ray studies showed that liposomes, with lipid molecules orientated in bilayers, are formed from egg licithin/lysolecithin mixtures up to 50 mol percent of lysolecithin; above this concentration much smaller mixed micelles are formed. Permeability studies demonstrated a dramatic increase in the permeability of the liposomes when the lyso concentration exceeds 22.5 mol percent. X-ray studies indicated a significant decrease in bilayer thickness with increasing lysolecithin concentration. It is suggested that decreased interaction energy between the lipid molecules in the bilayer is responsible for the inability of the thin bilayers to act as an effective permeability barrier. PMID- 1122321 TI - Kinetics of macrotetrolide-induced ion transport across lipid bilayer membranes. AB - Ion transport across lipid bilayer membranes in the presence of macrotetrolide antibiotics has been studied by stationary conductance and nonstationary relaxation methods. The results are discussed on the basis of a carrier model which has already been successfully applied to valinomycin induced ion transport. Again a kinetic analysis has been performed from which the single rate constants of the carrier model could be derived. In addition the equilibrium constant of complex formation in the aqueous phase could be determined. Measurements have been made for 4 macrotetrolides, for several ions and for various chain lengths of the lipid molecules composing the membrane. PMID- 1122322 TI - The effects of the membrane-penetrating polypeptide segment of the human erythrocyte MN-glycoprotein on the permeability of model lipid membranes. AB - The insoluble peptide, T(is), prepared by trypsin hydrolysis of the MN glycoprotein (glycophorin) of the human erythrocyte has been incorporated into phospholipid membranes in the form of liposomes and black lipid membranes. The permeability of liposome membranes to 42K+ and of black lipid membranes to water and ions is increased significantly by the presence of the T(is) peptide. Electrophoresis measurements indicate that these effects are not due to the T(is) peptide carrying a net charge. The results suggest that the peptide causes local disordering of the bilayer membrane structures. This is considered in the light of findings published elsewhere: that the MN-glycoprotein penetrates through the cell membrane via a non-polar segment of its polypeptide chain, which is contained intact within the T(is) peptide; that the T(is) peptide is partially helical when associated with phospholipid and forms multimeric 8.0 nm structures within the hydrophobic plane of phospholipid bilayers. PMID- 1122323 TI - A laser Raman spectroscopic investigation of phospholipid and protein configurations in hemoglobin-free erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Configurations of both the protein and lipid components of human red blood cell ghosts are examined by laser Raman spectroscopy. Protein configuration is estimated from bands observed in the Amide III region at 1240-1267 cm-1 in water and the Amide I' region at 1630-1670 cm-1 observed in 2H2O. The protein fraction appears to contain 40-55 percent alpha-helix with little beta-configuration. The hydrophobic side chains of the phospholipid component, as interpreted from the 1060-1130 cm-1 C-C stretching region, are estimated to contain 55-65 percent all trans rigid configuration. These estimated are within the limits set by other physical techniques. PMID- 1122324 TI - Postreplication DNA repair in ultraviolet-irradiated Micrococcus luteus. AB - Postreplication DNA repair was studies in three strains of Micrococcus luteus having different sensitivity to ultraviolet light: a wild type ATCC 5698, a ultraviolet-sensitive mutant G7, deficient in the incision step of repair and in ultraviolet-resistant transformant obtained from G7 by treatment with DNA of wild type cells, Trf(G7). It is shown that the G7 mutant has a low capacity for repair of postreplication DNA gaps compared with the wild type or Trf(G7). It seems to be that postreplication repari capacity contributes significantly to the ultraviolet resistance of M. luteus in addition to the excision repair. In contrast with G7 the size of the DNA fragments synthesized immediately after ultraviolet irradiation in the wild type (and Trf(G7)) seems to be much higher than that expected if each dimer produces one DNA gap in the daughter strand. Since this cannot only be explained by the excision of dimers from parental DNA we have suggested that a rapid repair of postreplication DNA gap occurs in M. luteus. PMID- 1122325 TI - Early estrogen action. Stimulation of the synthesis of methylated ribosomal and transfer RNAs. AB - The effects of estrogen on the rates of incorporation in vivo of radioactive uridine and Me-methionine, administered together, into RNA in the uterus of the ovariectomized adult rat have been measured. The ratio of incorporation of methionine to uridine during a 45-min labeling period was increased several-fold by hormone treatment. The increased rate of methylation was apparent in the uterus taken from the rat administered estrogen for 1 h, and the effect was more striking following 2 and 3 h of hormone treatment. This stimulation of methylation of RNA occurred in association with an increase in the whole-organ concentration of RNA. Analysis of the doubly-labeled uterine RNA on sucrose gradients revealed that the methylated species were mainly ribosomal and transfer RNA. These results show that very little methylation of RNA occurs in the atrophied uterus of the ovariectomized rat. During the first 3 h following estrogen administration to the ovariectomized animal, an increasing percentage of the newly synthesized RNA formed by the uterus is methylated ribosomal and transfer RNA. This result is discussed in light of recent studies of the efficiency of processing of ribosomal precursor RNA, as well as the synthesis of high-molecular-weight heterogeneous RNA in the early action of estrogen. PMID- 1122326 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from Acanthamoeba castellanii: properties and levels of activity during encystment. AB - Three DNA-dependent RNA polymerases have been isolated and partially purified from trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Separated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, they have been designated polymerases, I, IIa and IIB according to their alpha-amanitin sensitivity and kinetic properties. I is completely insensitive to alpha-amanitin. IIa and IIb are sensitive to low concentrations (0.1 mug/ml) of alpha-amanitin; however, in order to achieve 100% inhibition much higher concentrations (130 mug/ml) are needed. Both I and II (a or b) have rather broad ionic strength optima (0.06--0.10 M (NH4)2SO4). All three prefer denatured over native DNA (I, 4:1; II, 2:1). Polymerase I utilizes magnesium better than manganese as divalent cation whereas II prefers manganese. When Acanthamoeba is transferred to a medium lacking nutrients, the cells undergo a synchronous differentiation resulting in cyst formation. In general agreement with the decrease in the rate of synthesis of its product (rRNA), the amount of polymerase I decreases relative to the amanitin sensitive polymerase(s). However, the absolute amount of polymerase I does not change. Rather, the levels of the amanitin sensitive enzymes increase during the first 10 h of encystment. Since the overall RNA synthesis rate decreases, these results suggest that the transcription rate is not controlled by specific enzyme levels alone. PMID- 1122327 TI - Comparison of ribosomal proteins from neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Resolution by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - Functionally active mammalian membrane-free ribosomes were prepared from rat forebrain, a solid tumor (mouse neuroblastoma C-1300) and a human tumor cell-line in suspension culture (HeLa). Proteins were extracted from these ribosomes and were resolved by a newly developed. Two dimensional gel electrophoretic procedure. Although the ribosomal protein patterns from the three preparations were generally similar, there were four obvious differences between the forebrain ribosomes and the ribosomes from the two neoplastic cell types. PMID- 1122328 TI - In vitro stimulation of apoferritin synthesis by iron. AB - The apparent induction of apoferritin synthesis by iron has been examined in cell free systems from rat and rabbit liver. Both systems allowed the complete synthesis de novo of apoferritin isolated by chromatographic or immunological means. Addition of iron at levels of 0.2--1 mM specifically stimulated incorporation of radioactive amino acids into apoferritin purified after classical heat extraction. The effect was also observed when iron was added at the end of the incubation period in the absence of continuing protein synthesis. Further, iron addition had no effect on the amount of newly synthesised apoferritin subunits as estimated by direct immunological precipitation from the reaction mixture. These results suggest that iron acts at some stage subsequent to translation in stimulating apoferritin biosynthesis. PMID- 1122329 TI - Studies on reproduction with emphasis on gonadotropins, antigonadotropins and progonadotropins. PMID- 1122330 TI - Evidence for a neuromuscular mechanism involved in the contractility of the ovarian follicular wall: fluorescence and electron microscopy and effects of tyramine on follicle strips. PMID- 1122331 TI - Suppression of reproduction in water-deprived mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 1122332 TI - Lipid and fatty acid composition of human testes removed at autopsy. PMID- 1122333 TI - Capacitation of rabbit spermatozoa in vitro. PMID- 1122334 TI - The role of carnitine in spermatozoan metabolism: substrate-induced elevations in the acetylation state of carnitine and coenzyme A in bovine and monkey spermatozoa. PMID- 1122335 TI - The corpus spongiosum penis pressure and external penile muscle activity in the goat during coitus. PMID- 1122336 TI - Light scattering from nucleated biological cells. AB - The light scattered from nucleated biological cells has been investigated by using four different theoretical models: an opaque disk, a homogeneous sphere, an opaque ring, and a coated sphere. By comparing these four models, diffraction at the edges of the cell and the nucleus has been found to be the predominate scattering mechanism for nucleated biological cells at low angles. The scattering patterns of nucleated cells are found to have a fine lobe (high-frequency) structure dependent on whole cell size, and an envelope lobe (low-frequency) structure dependent on relative nucleus size. The models indicate that the present technique for measuring cell size with a single low-angle light detector is highly dependent on the nucleus to cell diameter ratio. Whole cell size is better estimated by the ratio of the outputs from two low-angle detectors. PMID- 1122337 TI - Geometry of the human erythrocyte. I. Effect of albumin on cell geometry. AB - The effects of albumin on the geometry of human erythrocytes have been studied. Individual red cells, hanging on edge from coverslips were photographed. Enlarged cell profiles were digitized using a Gradicon digitizer (Instronics Ltd., Stittsville, Ontario). Geometric parameters including diameter, area, volume, minimum cylindrical diameter, sphericity index, swelling index, maximum and minimum cell thickness, were calculated for each cell using a CDC 6400 computer. Maximum effect of human serum albumin was reached at about 1 g/liter. Studies of cell populations showed decreases in mean cell diameter of up to 6%, area 6%, and volume 15%, varying from sample to sample. The thickness of the rim was increased while that at the dimple was decreased. Studies of single cells showed that area and volume changes do not occur equally in all cells. Cells with lower sphericity indices showed larger effects. In the presence of albumin, up to 50% of the cells assumed cup-shapes (stomatocytes). These cells had smaller volumes but the same area as biconcave cells. Mechanical agitation could reversibly induce biconcave cells to assume cup shapes without area or volume changes. Experiments with de fatted human albumins showed that the presence of bound fatty acids in varying concentrations does not alter the observed effects. Bovine serum albumin has similar effects on human erythrocytes as human serum albumin. PMID- 1122338 TI - Analysis of fluorescence decay curves by means of the Laplace transformation. AB - A computational procedure is described for the analysis of fluorescence decay data convolved with a lamp flash of finite width. The computer program calculates the ratio of the Laplace transforms of the decay and the lamp flash for different values of s to give the transforms of the impulse response for each value of s. These are set equal to the analytical Laplace transforms of the decay law involved. Solution of the nonlinear simultaneous equations yields the desired decay parameters. The method can be modified to analyze data that contains a component due to scattered light and can also provide essential information regarding transit time changes of the photomultiplier with changes in emission wavelength. The method was tested by the analysis of real and simulated data. The accuracy of the analysis depends on the degree of correlation among the parameters. PMID- 1122340 TI - [Influence of ribose on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in human erythrocytes]. AB - The effect of ribose on the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration (2,3-DPG) of human red blood cells was investigated and compared to the effect of inosine. Ribose as well as inosine increases 2,3-DPG. Most impressing effects can be demonstrated on stored blood, which is poor in 2,3-DPG concentration. Physiologic 2,3-DPG-concentrations, however, may be increased too. Generally the effect of inosine is greater than the effect of ribose. When ribose is applicated intravenously a slight increase in 2,3-DPG is found. Both compounds own characteristic side-effects, which diminish their value for therapeutical purposes. PMID- 1122339 TI - [Hemostasis disorder in acute leukemia]. PMID- 1122341 TI - [Autoradiographic demonstration of human basophils]. AB - A new technique is described which enables a selective tinctorial visualization of human blood basophils in autoradiographic preparations. Consecutive administration of 5-aminoacridine hydrochloride and aldehyde fuchsin rendered a sufficient preservation of basophils preventing leaching of their water soluble granules. Extensive control tests provided sufficient evidence to exclude chemographic artifacts produced by other histochemical precedures. The technique eliminates the obstacles to study the kinetics of human blood basophils and their realtionshp to atopic hypersensitivity reactions applying tritiated thymidine and radioiodine labeled IgE or corresponding antisera. PMID- 1122342 TI - [99mTc-sulfur-rhenium colloid and 111In-indium citrate in bone-marrow scintigraphy]. AB - Bone marrow scinitigraphy using 111In-Indium-citrate and 99mTc-sulfur rhenium colloid was compared with each other in 6 male and 3 female patients. Our results in all patients were in favour of 111In-citrate which caused a better delineation of morphological details than 99mTc-sulfur rhenium colloid did. In the first days after intravenous administration of 111In-citrate, radioindium accumulated markedly in the pudendal region, this finding being more distinct in male patients than in female ones. On account of these results a considerable radiation dose has to be assumed in bone marrow scinitigraphy using 111In-citrate as long as the absorbed dose from 111In has not been estimated under consideration of the radioindium accumulation in the pudendal region. 111In citrate should be applied in bone marrow scanning only exceptionally and 99mTc sulfur rhenium colloid be preferred in the routine diagnostics of bone marrow. PMID- 1122343 TI - Errors in decoding tone of voice during dyadic interaction. AB - Predictions derived from evidence on projection, behavioural assimilation and attribution theory suggest differing ways in which one individual may perceive another's tone of voice in dyadic interaction. Pairs of male subjects undertook a competitive or cooperative counting task. One member of each pair was instructed that he could best influence the dyad's performance by the use of an angry or pleased tone of voice. The results indicate that while subjects in the cooperative condition tended to attribute their own tone of voice to their (neutral) partner, competitive subjects attributed a discrepant or neutral tone. The findings are interpreted in terms of attribution theory. Implications for studies of non-verbal communication are discussed. PMID- 1122344 TI - The role of gaze in impression formation. AB - Three hypotheses about the effects of amount of gaze on the impression created of six confederates were tested, using rating scales and free descriptions. The first hypothesis--that favourableness of impression would be a linear function of amount of gaze--was partly confirmed. The second hypothesis--that favourableness of impression would be a curvilinear function of amount of gaze--was not confirmed, nor was the third hypothesis--that effect of gaze would be a complex function of sex of subject and sex of gazer. The effects of gaze were not as marked as had been predicted. The free descriptions also provided data on the number and type of subjects who commented on the amount of gaze of the confederate. Three possible explanations of the results are discussed. PMID- 1122345 TI - Encoding and decoding of ingratiation in modes of smiling and gaze. AB - The present research is a first attempt to explore the ingratiation ingredients of non-verbal attractiveness. In particular, the ingratiator's paradox is investigated. This occurs when an increase in attractiveness of A makes B aware of an ingratiation attempt. A first experiment was set up to detect the ways in which ingratiation overtures are displayed in smiling and gaze during task orientated behaviour. As predicted from empirical research and from Argyle & Dean's (1965) 'intimacy equilibrium' model, a higher percentage of smiling and gaze, together with more frequent smiling and longer gaze, occurred under the ingratiation than control condition. A second experiment investigated if the ingratiation and spontaneity behaviours that were displayed would be differentially evaluated. To this purpose, observers naive to the conditions were confronted with the videotaped behaviours. As predicted from ingratiation and attributional frameworks, ingratiation behaviours were more favourably evaluated, though they were considered as strategic in nature. This discussion highlights the subtlety involved in non-verbal ingratiation. PMID- 1122346 TI - Covariation of conflict and mood in depression. AB - The proportion of conflict involved in the personal problems of neurotic and depressed inpatients was assessed and correlated with the patients' mood over a period of several months. Mood correlated highly with conflict, i.e. when conflict was high, patients felt more depressed, fatigued and tense. Conflicts in the patients' beliefs about themselves also tended to correlate highly with mood, while conflict connected with their attitudes concerning their problems did not. Individual patients seemed to "react" to conflict with different kinds of mood. PMID- 1122347 TI - Recall of medical advice: comprehensibility and specificity. AB - Two laboratory experiments are described in which volunteer subjects read advice on how to develop self-control over eating behaviour. Formulating the communications in terms of specific instructions rather than general rules and the use of simple language as determined by a readability formula led to increased recall of the advice. These findings were confirmed in a naturalistic setting in which the same material was presented orally to patients receiving treatment for obesity. The results of these investigations are believed to have implications for improving communications between doctors and their patients and possibly for increasing the degree to which patients comply with medical recommendations. PMID- 1122348 TI - A proposed basis for delusion formation within an information-processing model of paranoid development. AB - A developmental model for paranoid behaviour is proposed within a broader theory of schizophrenic development. The model stipulates that given exposure to sustained aversive maternal control and a maternal communication style which is subtle and devious, the child comes to adapt with approach, stratagem-based behaviours and heightened vigilance for evaluative information (i.e. open adaptive style). The model, already supported empirically at several points, postulates that the delusion serves to organize an overextended and disorganized information-processing system for the person and generates its reinforcement from reduction of the anxiety associated with thought disorganization. The present study tested an aspect of this postulate. It was predicted that late-adolescent males who had an open style of adapting to experienced aversive maternal control would find the organization of disorganized evaluative cues uniquely reinforcing. Subjects were presented with an anagrams task made up of scrambled words which they were told came from a poll of mothers asked to evaluate their college-age sons. This task was followed by the individual tachistoscopic and slightly unfocused presentation of a longer series of words, again described as maternal evaluative terms. The longer series comprised the words used in the anagrams task and an equal number which were not. Reinforcement value of proper ordering of disorganized cues was inferred from the subject's heightened ability to detect previously solved anagram terms, indicating stronger learning of these terms upon prior solution. Males identified as open-style adapters were far more cognizant of words which they had previously ordered than other child-rearing groups, as predicted. PMID- 1122349 TI - Impaired recall and the memory disturbance in presenile dementia. AB - Although subjects with presenile dementia have a very poor ability to retrieve material previously presented for learning under conditions of free recall and the usual type of recognition test, their performance was found to be not significantly different from normal controls when the initial letters of the correct words were provided at the time of recall. This finding raises the possibility that the long-term memory failure in presenile dementia may not be due to an inability to establish new material in the long-term store, as had previously been thought, but to a difficulty in retrieving that information. PMID- 1122350 TI - A two-stage model of attention in schizophrenia research. AB - This paper attempts to indicate the relevance of Broadbent's recent views on the methods by which the systematic selection of information takes place, for the study of attention deficits in schizophrenia. A two-stage model of attention is briefly described, the distinction between "filtering" (stimulus set) and "pigeon holing" (response set) being emphasized. In an attempt to clarify the nature of the schizophrenics attention defect, various experiments are reviewed and interpreted within Broadbent's theoretical framework. Studies indicate inefficiencies in both the "filtering" and "pigeon-holing" mechanisms. The need for experiments specifically designed to identify the locus of the schizophrenic attention defect, in various subgroups of schizophrenics, is indicated. PMID- 1122351 TI - Interest in personal activities and degree of perceived implications between personal constructs. PMID- 1122352 TI - Conservatism, authoritarianism and child-rearing practices. PMID- 1122353 TI - A note on the scoring of the grid test of schizophrenic thought disorder. PMID- 1122354 TI - Modes of conformity and forms of instrumental adjustment to feelings of relative deprivation. PMID- 1122355 TI - Plasma catecholamines in severely injured patients: a prospective study on 45 patients with multiple injuries. AB - Plasma catecholamine levels were studied in 45 severely injured patients for 8 days after the trauma. Sixteen of the patients were classified as critically injured and 29 as seriously injured. The total plasma catecholamine values of the whole group immediately after the injury were almost twice as high as the eighth day reference values and remained significantly higher than these values for 6 hours after the trauma. On admission both the plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were elevated. The plasma adrenaline levels on admission correlated with the blood volume replacement which was required within the first 6 hours. The plasma noradrenaline levels in the critically injured group were significantly higher throughout the observation period than in the seriously injured group. A corresponding difference was observed in the plasma adrenaline concentrations only during the first 12 hours. The results showed that strong stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs in severely injured patients. Factors stimulating the sympathetic nervous system apparently included hypovolaemia, tissue hypoxia, acidosis and the pain produced by the trauma and therapeutic measures. PMID- 1122356 TI - The early detection of postoperative deep vein thrombosis: an assessment of Doppler ultrasound, physical examination and the temperature chart. PMID- 1122357 TI - Postoperative problems and management after hepatic resection for blunt injury to the liver. AB - The postoperative problems and management of 8 patients following right hepatic lobectomy for blunt liver injury are discussed. Multiple injury and in particular chest injury are of importance. Respiratory distress may be insidious in onset and must be anticipated. Most patients require at least temporary positive pressure ventilation. Liver regeneration is rapid and histological evidence of regenerative hyperplasia is present within 3 days of injury. Hypoglycaemia of a degree sufficient to threaten life may occur postoperatively, particularly in the first 48 hours. Jaundice may be a worrying postoperative feature, but the use of T-tube drainage after hepatic lobectomy will enable any possible extrahepatic obstruction to be excluded. Hypoproteinaemia and hypo-albuminaemia occur in the immediate postoperative period, and recovery rapidly follows the peak period of regenerative activity of the liver. Normal levels are regained by the fourth to sixth postoperative weeks. Prophylactic antibiotics have no place in the postoperative management of blunt liver injury. Haemorrhagic diathesis is common after hepatic resection and is of a complex nature. Intravascular coagulation may occur and factor V deficiency is common. The mainstay of treatment is transfusion of fresh blood. PMID- 1122358 TI - The application of the 99Tcm phosphate bone scan to the study of breast cancer. AB - Comparison of the gamma camera bone scan and radiological survey in 190 patients with breast cancer has confirmed the superiority of the bone scan in the positive diagnosis of skeletal metastases. In 47 patients with known (X-ray positive) bony metastases the scan was positive in all but 2, and in 24 (50 per cent) the scan showed more lesions than the X-ray had indicated. In 60 patients with a clinical suspicion of bone metastases but negative X-rays, the scan was positive in 29 (48 per cent). Eighty-three patients with primary breast cancer were studied at the time of initial presentation. All had a normal radiographic skeletal survey but 24 (27 per cent) had scan evidence of occult metastases. It is concluded that a bone scan is indicated in all patients with breast cancer where skeletal metastases are suspected. Repeated bone scans may introduce new therapeutic possibilities, by providing an earlier objective index of progression of metastatic disease and also by providing a quantitative method of assessing the response to therapy. PMID- 1122359 TI - Cystic thyroid nodules. AB - Among 300 patients with thyroid nodules subjected to a needle drill biopsy, 62 were found to contain cystic lesions. Analysis of these 62 showed that in 17 the swelling had completely disappeared after the biopsy. The remaining 45 had residual or recurrent swellings. Operative treatment was carried out in 35, which consisted of 28 (80 per cent) nodular goitres, 6 (17-1 per cent) adenomas and 1 (2-9 per cent) carcinoma. PMID- 1122360 TI - Motility changes in the antrum after proximal gastric vagotomy. AB - The normal pattern of resting and post-prandial motor activity in the gastric antrum has been established by observations in 6 dogs. There was a gradual increase in the amplitude of contraction during the first 2 hours after eating; this was maintained for 3 hours and then declined. For the first 45 minutes terminal antral contraction occurred, partially retaining and triturating the gastric contents. After 45 minutes the waves became sequential, symmetrical, increased in vigour and actively pumped food into the duodenum. Vagotomy modified the mechanism of the antrum in various ways. Truncal and selective vagotomy reduced the work capability to 20 per cent of its normal value when recorded 1 month after operation. In both groups the waves were disorganized. Proximal gastric vagotomy abolished the braking mechanism and removed the initial inhibitory stimuli to antral motility. Within 1 month of operation the antrum had regained 58 per cent of its normal work capability and the contractions were well organized. PMID- 1122361 TI - The management of bleeding acute gastric erosions: the role of gastric hypothermia. AB - Eighty-eight consecutive patients with bleeding acute gastric erosions were reviewed with the aid of a computer. Of the eroisons, 31-8 per cent were related to the ingestion of ulcerogenic drugs and 40-9 per cent were associated with surgery and sepsis. The overall mortality was 20-5 per cent. Endoscopy was the most effective diagnostic examination. Conservative management was effective in the treatment of bleeding erosions due to the ingestion of ulcerogenic drugs. Gastric cooling successfully arrested haemorrhage from bleeding erosions due to surgery and sepsis. PMID- 1122362 TI - A case of haemorrhage from volvulus of the gastric fundus. PMID- 1122363 TI - Flatulent dyspepsia in patients with gallstones undergoing cholecystectomy. AB - The incidence of flatulent dyspepsia and its relationship to gallbladder function has been studied in 100 consecutive patients with gallstones undergoing cholecystectomy. Thirty-three per cent of patients suffered significant flatulent dyspepsia of whom 80 per cent were cured or improved by operation. In 15 patients gastric function was studied pre- and postoperatively and it was noted that there was no difference in gastric emptying times between patients with flatulent dyspepsia who were cured by operation and those who remained symptomatic. Bacteriological studies on gallbladder bile from 39 patients suggested that infection within the gallbladder may be a factor in the causation of flatulent dyspepsia. PMID- 1122364 TI - Traumatic haemobilia. AB - A case of traumatic haemobilia which was diagnosed preoperatively, is reported. The site of bleeding was demonstrated by operative angiography through the right hepatic artery. The patient was treated by ligation of the common hepatic artery. Re-bleeding required a second operation and ligation of the right hepatic branch without adverse consequences on the hepatic function. PMID- 1122365 TI - Gumma of the liver. PMID- 1122366 TI - Rupture of subcapsular haematoma of the liver in a case of eclampsia. AB - A case of rupture of subcapsular haematoma of the liver in a patient suffering from eclampsia is reported in which the patient survived. Peritoneal tap provided important diagnostic information. Surgical intervention with control of the liver haemorrhage provides the only chance of survival. PMID- 1122368 TI - A colostomy/ileostomy construction clamp. AB - An atraumatic handleless clamp is described with which it has been found simpler to construct a terminal ileostomy or colostomy than with other forms of clamp in general use. PMID- 1122367 TI - Temporary transcaecal ileal diversion in prevention of anastomotic leak in planned colonic surgery (an alternative to proximal colostomy). AB - An alternative to proximal colostomy in planned colonic resection is reported in 30 patients. The physiopathological background for this procedure of temporary transcaecal ileal diversion is explained together with details of the operation and the results obtained. PMID- 1122369 TI - Ureteric obstruction due to sigmoid diverticulitis. AB - Two cases in which the ureter was obstructed by an inflammatory diverticular mass are presented. The difficulties of distinguishing such a mass from a carcinoma both clinically and at operation are emphasized. In order to minimize the risk of ureteric injury and to facilitate planning of the operative procedure, it is recommended that intravenous pyelography should be performed before resection of a suspected diverticular mass. PMID- 1122370 TI - The striatonigral degenerations. Putaminal pigments and nosology. AB - Three new cases of striato-nigral degeneration (SND) are presented with particular reference to the identification of putaminal pigments. These were studied by histochemical methods, electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Three interrelated parenchymal perikaryal pigments were identified in the putaminal lesions of all 3 patients: a "haematin" pigment, neuromelanin and lipofuscin. The presence of neuromelanin in the putamen may be due to accumulation of dopamine in the synaptic terminals of the nigro-striatal pathway and its polymerization into pigment. This suggests that the putaminal atrophy is the primary lesion in SND which is a true supranigral form of parkinsonism. Clinically this manifests itself in predominance of rigidity over other parkinsonian symptoms and in a poor, or absent, response to treatment with L-dopa and anticholinergic drugs. PMID- 1122371 TI - Electrophysiological correlates of pathology and surgical results in temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - Routine pre-operative EEG studies as well as direct brain recording and stimulation carried out during operations were analysed for 59 patients subjected to a standard unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy for the treatment of epilepsy. All patients in the present series were 16 years old or older at the time of operation, which was invariably carried out under local scalp analgesia only. Electrophysiological findings was correlated with pathological changes noted in the resected temporal lobes, and with the effects of surgery upon seizure activity. Pre-operative EEG data correlated with each of four pathological categories when sphenoidal electrodes and intravenous barbiturate narcosis were emplyed. Thirty of 31 patients with mesial temporal sclerosis demonstrated medial temporal primary spike foci, frequently with independent contralateral and extratemporal secondary foci. In addition, one-third of these patients demonstrated unilateral focal decreased barbiturate-induced fast activity in the corresponding sphenoidal to ear channels. Twelve patients with other specific medial focal lesions (mostly hamartomas) also had medial temporal primary foci, often with independent contralateral secondaries but never with extratemporal foci. Two patients in this group also demonstrated focal decreased fast activity in the appropriate sphenoidal-ear channel. Both of these groups did very well post-operatively with respect to their epilepsy. Five patients with large temporal convexity cicatrices antedating seizures all demonstrated lateral temporal primary spike foci without independent secondary foci or focal decreased fast activity and did not do as well post-operatively as the first two groups. Eleven patients had only non-specific changes in the resected temporal lobe and in general did not benefit from surgery. Various combinations of primary and independent secondary spike foci were seen. Only this group demonstrated diffuse or bifrontal spikes during initial EEG recording, and basal mid-line spikes with intravenous thiopentone. Pecilar sharp notched spike were also very common in this group, but not unique to it. Focal decreases in barbiturate-induced fast activity were not noted. PMID- 1122372 TI - Unmyelinated axons in human ventral roots, a possible explanation for the failure of dorsal rhizotomy to relieve pain. AB - Human ventral roots were examined in the light and electron microscopes. The noteworthy finding is that all roots contain large numbers of unmyelinated axons, and that they make up 27 per cent of the total population of ventral root axons. The function of these unmyelinated axons is not known, but for various reasons it is probable that a significant number are sensory. If so these axons might explain the failure of dorsal rhizotomy to relieve pain, and dorsal root gangionectomy, which would remove both dorsal and ventral root afferents, might be the procedure of choice for those patients where rhizotomy is contemplated. PMID- 1122373 TI - The tonic ambulatory foot response. A clinical and electromyographic study. AB - Three cases with "pyramidal" symptoms in which standing and/or walking evoked a tonic flexion of the toes and sole of the affected foot, have been studied from the clinical and electrophysiological standpoint. The phenomenon, for which the definition of tonic ambulatory foot respone (TAFR) is proposed, appeared to be triggered by cutaneous stimuli travelling along fibres lying in the range of nociceptive afferents, and to depend on a background of complex sensorimotor patterns of standing posture and/or stepping movements against resistance. The relationship of TAFR to other flexor foot responses described in the literature is discussed. PMID- 1122374 TI - The pathological anatomy of posthemiplegic athetosis. AB - Disorders of movement after hemiplegia have been described for more than a century, but their pathological anatomy and physiology have remained poorly understood because of ambiguous terminology and incomplete studies. We examined the brains of 5 patients which had been serially sectioned where there had been well documented pure motor hemiplegia acquired in childhood. In 4 patients handicapped by hemiathetosis the main lesion was partial destruction of the caudate nucleus and putamen. In the fifth case, where non-disabling involuntary movements only appeared in later life, there was gliosis of the caudate nucleus and thalamus. Striatal lesions produce involuntary movement disorders if the corticospinal and other major motor tracts are partly intact. We propose that degeneration of the thalamic nuclei receiving striatal efferents (ventralis anterior, ventralis lateralis and centrum medianum), wheter primary or secondary, appears to remove an essential modulating influence on the corticospinal system which can only become manifest if this system is relatively preserved. PMID- 1122375 TI - Trace element concentration in human brain. Activation analysis of cobalt, iron, rubidium, selenium, zinc, chromium, silver, cesium, antimony and scandium. AB - Up to 60 tissue samples were dissected from 13 human brains in defined regions and were analysed by means of neutron activation analysis for trace element concentration of cobalt, iron, rubidium, selesium, zinc, chromium, silver, cesium, antimony and scandium. It was shown that the variation in concentration of the non-essential elements in the different brain regions was greater than the corresponding variations in concentration of the essential elements. The mean values of Fe and Rb concentrations were higher in the basal ganglia than in the cortex areas. With increasing age the Fe concentration in the human brain was found to increase and that of Rb to decrease. Comparison of the trace element concentration in corresponding areas of the right and left hemispheres showed highly significant positive correlations for the essential elements. The concentration of each of the essential elements Fe, Rb and Zn was also found to differ significantly between defined functional regions. The characteristic distribution of essential trace elements in different areas is discussed in the light of known metabolic functions of these elements. PMID- 1122376 TI - Spark-source mass spectrometry in the investigation of neurological disease. II. Element levels in brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood: some observations on their abundance and significance. PMID- 1122377 TI - Symptomatic vertebral haemangiomas. AB - Eight cases of vertebral haemangioma causing spinal cord or nerve root compression are described, together with one other which was not causing organic signs or symptoms. The compression was due to extradural tumour in 5 cases, bony expansion encroaching on the neural canal in 2 cases, and a combination of bony expansion and extradural tumour in one case. When present the classical radiological appearance of accentuated vertical striation or honeycomb pattern is easily recognized, but atypical features, such as apparent pedicular erosion, paravertebral soft tissue mass and bony expansion, may occur, making diagnosis more diffcult. In 2 cases the correct diagnosis was not made before surgery. In one of these there were no plain film changes and in the other a metastasis was considered the more likely diagnosis. In the asymptomatic case the absence of extra-osseous extension was an important factor in excluding any possible clinical significance of the haemangioma. The great importance of pre-operative spinal angiography is stressed. PMID- 1122378 TI - Transfer of radioactive material between electrically coupled neurons of the leech central nervous system. AB - Intracellular application of tritiated precursors by means of microiontophoresis was performed on nerve cells in isolated segmental ganglia of the leech ventral nerve cord. Incorporation as well as intra- and interneuronal transport were studied by autoradiography after injection of fucose, glucosamine, glycine, leucine, orotic acid and uridine. With several minutes of intraneuronal injection the precursors were incorporated into macromolecules. Depending upon the tracer used, the radioactive material was distributed in a specific pattern over the cell somata and then released into the nerve processes. After application of orotic acid and uridine a transport of radioactive material, presumably RNA, could be observed in the processes of the injected neurons at a distance of about 200-500 mum. Fucose and glucosamine injection resulted in the most extended labeling of the nerve cell processes, indicating a transport rate of about 11 mm/day. When the radiochemicals were injected into one of the two electrically coupled giant nerve cells -- the so-called Retzius cells (Rc) -- a specific labeling not only of the injected Rc but also of the coupled but not injected Rc was found. Injection of protein or glycoprotein precursors into one Rc produced heavy labeling of both Rcs including their processes; a slight labeling of other ganglion compartments was only found after increasing the dosage of the amino acids glycine and leucine. With orotic acid and uridine this interneuronal transfer was confined to the electrically coupled Rc twin. Intracellular injection of one Rc with puromycin followed by injection of amino acids or fucose into the same Rc or into the coupled Rc resulted in an inhibition of precursor incorporation within the puromycin-injected Rc and an exclusive labeling of the coupled Rc, thus indicating that the precursors themselves were transferred. It is suggested that after microiontophoretic application an interneuronal transfer of relatively low molecular weight material takes place, probably across the low resistance junction through which the Rcs are electrically coupled. PMID- 1122379 TI - High affinity uptake of GABA in presumed GABA-ERGIC nerve endings in rat brain. AB - After interuption of the striato-nigral pathway uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the substatia nigra decresaed with 7 days to a constant level 30-40% of the normal. Concomitantly glutamate decarbosylase (GAD) was reduced to 10%. Hence about two-thirds of the GABA uptake activity in substantia nigra are localised, to the alleged GABA-ergic nerve elements originating from corpus striatum. The lesion resistant part of the uptake is probably not localised in cell bodies or large processes, since it was the same in tissuse prisms as in whole homogenates and crude nerve ending fractions. It was also not influenced by aminoozyacetic acid, which would argue against a localisation in glia. Whereas GAD was recovered mainly in a "heavy" nerve ending fraction, a large proportion of the GABA uptake was situated in a "light" fraction. After hemisections, GABA uptake was reduced to a similar extent in both fractions. It is suggested that whereas GAD is concentrated in nerve terminals, a significant proportion of the GABA uptake may be localised in preterminal axon branches in the substantia nigra. GABA uptake in the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus was not reduced by interruption of the Purkinje axons from the cerebellar vermis whereas GAD was reduced 50%. This indicates that the reuptake mechanism is not concentrated in the Prukinje axon terminals. In the hippocampus neither GABA nor GAD were reduced by lesions of afferent nerve pathoways, in accordance with previous results showing that in this region GABA producing neurones are intrinsic. The order of ratiols of GABA uptake to particulate GAD activity in different regions was: hippocampus greater than cerebellar cortex greater than substantia nigra greater than dorsal part of lateral vestibular necleus approximately equal to nucleus interpositus. The ratio may relfect the degree of specific localisation of the GABA uptake mechanism to the GABA-ergic structures. PMID- 1122380 TI - Changes in amino acid influx with Na flow in incubated slices of mouse brain. AB - The uptake of amino acids into slices of adult and newborn mouse brain was studied in relation to Na+ flow. (1) The level of Na+ and K+ incubated slices of brain depends on the ionic composition of the incubation medium. The intracellular levels of Na+ in adult tissue are below, in fetal tissue above, Na+ levels in the medium used. Rapid net flow into or out of the tissue can be achieved by transferring slices into media of higher or lower Na+ content. (2) Under conditions of net Na+ inflow, the influx of all amino acids tested increased; under conditions of net Na+ outflow, the influx of all amino acids decreased, as compared to slices in ionic equilibrium. The absolute levels of Na+ in the tissue under the experimental conditions had little effect on amino acid uptake. The stimulatory effect of Na+ inflow and the inhibitory effect of Na+ outflow could be observed at all developmental stages--in adult, newborn, and fetal tissue. (3) We conclude that ion movements influence metabolite transport; these effects are smaller in the absence of fully developed ion pumps. The direction of the net ion flow does not seem to be the main determinant: active accumulation occurred both in adult and in fetal brain, although the tissue-to medium Na+ gradients were in opposite directions; in addition, amino acid inflow occurred in the presence of Na+ outflow. PMID- 1122381 TI - Histamine-n-methyltransferase activity of the nervous system of the chick during development. AB - The developmental course of histamine-N-methyltransferase activity was determined in the chick pineal gland, thalamus, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and sciatic nerve from the 13-day embryo to 1-week post-hatching. In each tissue, low levels of enzyme activities were detectable in the 13-day embryo. Thereafter, to the stage of hatching activity rose rapidly in the pineals, thalamus and peripheral nerve. Enzyme activity in the pineals decreased after hatching and remined at a relatively low pre-hatch level in the 7-day chick. In the sciatic nerve and thalamus activity also dropped slightly after hatching. The increase of enzyme activity in the cerebellum and cerebellum hemispheres was very gradual after the 13th day of embryonic stage and maximum activities were obtained only 2 days after hatching. Highest specific activities of the enzyme were detected in the sciatic nerve, pineals and thalamus at each developmental stage. The Km values for histamine and S-adenosyl-l-methionine and the behavior towards certain drugs of the enzyme in the pineals and sciatic nerve did not change significantly during development. PMID- 1122382 TI - Studies on bursting pacemaker potential activity in molluscan neurons. I. Membrane properties and ionic contributions. AB - Bursting pacemaker potential (BPP) activity of identified molluscan neurons has been studied using cells from Aplysia and Otala. The results presented in this paper indicate that (1) a potassium conductance mediates the hyperpolarizing phase of the BPP; (2) the BPP amplitude is directly dependent on [Na+]0; (3) BPP activity requires the presence of divalent cations and is prevented by C02+ and La3+, but not D-600; (4) the apparent increase in membrane resistance during the depolarizing phase of the Bd can be accounted for by the movement of the membrane potential along the non-linear portion of the I-V curve; and (5) non-linear I-V relations and a minimal effective membrane resistance are pre-requisite to BPP generation. Coupled with recent observations on the presence of an inward current in these cells, the results suggest that the mechanisms underlying the BPP are similar to those proposed to describe the myocardial pacemaker potential: the hyperpolarizing phase is due to activation of a potassium conductance which slowly inactivates, resulting in a gradula deplorization until a voltage dependent inward current is activated which then leads to an increasingly rapid deplorization and initiation of the burst of spikes. It would appear that Na+ may play the major role in carrying the inward current, although a secondary role for divalent cations cannot be discounted. PMID- 1122383 TI - Studies on bursting pacemaker potential activity in molluscan neurons. III. Effects of hormones. AB - Vertebrate peptides and hormones have been appled to a number of identified neurosecretory and ono-neurosecretory cells in two molluscan preparations. Active peptide hormones included vasopressin and analogues. Active steriod hormones included aldosterone and hydrocortisone. Peptide effects were present at 10-9 M concentration of peptide, were confined to two neurosecrotory cells and consisted of long lasting changes in the membrane properties of these cells (characterized either by the initiation or potentiation of bursting pacemaker potential activity in these cells). The regulatory changes in membrane properties induced by the peptides were unlike the transient conductance changes produced by conventional neurotransmitters. Steroid effects were observed at 10-6M concentration of steroid and consisted of an increase in membrane potential and conductance which was dependent on the species of divalent cations present. The net effect of peptide activation would be to increase the release of neurosecretory material form the cell terminals, while the net effect of the steroids would be to decrease the release of this material. The results obtained with these invertebrate preparations may serve to describe new forms of cellular communication in the nervous system whereby peptides and steroids modulate electrical activity. PMID- 1122384 TI - Sustained and transient discharges of retinal ganglion cells during spontaneous eye movements of cat. AB - Discharges of 223 retinal ganglion cells during spontaneous eye movements (saccades) across a stationary grating pattern were studied in chronically prepared cats. Of these 83 showed sustained responses to local differences in luminance of the grating stripes (S-units); 84 showed transient responses to saccades and did not register local differences in luminance (T-units); and 56 showed mixed responses, i.e., transient responses to saccades and sustained firings in response to local luminance (M-units). When tested with diffuse light, 93.9% of the S-units showed either ON-sustained or OFF-sustained responses; 95.2% of the T-units showed either ON-transient, OFF-transient, or ON-OFF-transient responses; and 50% of the M-units showed ON-OFF responses. In the overall responses properties, most S-units corresponded to the X-cells, most T-units to the Y-cells of retinal ganglion cells previously known from acute experiments. Under normal conditions of active eye movements, the major function of the S units would be to register the differences in luminance in their receptive fields, and subserve the mechansim of form recognition. The major function of the T-units would be to register information related to quick image motion, induced either by eye or object movements, and subserve the mechanism of detecting the dynamic aspects of visual stimuli. The other important functions of the T-units are their possible participation in the afferent routes for two recently proposed mechanisms; one for goal-directed saccades and the other for saccadic suppression. The M-units would possess the functions of both S- and T-units. PMID- 1122385 TI - Intracranial self-stimulation effects along the route of the nigro-striatal bundle. AB - Recent evidence suggesting a possible dopaminergic nigro-striatal substrate of self-stimulation led us to map this route for both self-stimulation and stimulus bound motor effects. The results of 128 electrode placements show that the route of the nigro-striatal projection supports strong self-stimulation effects from the substantia nigra to the ento-peduncular nucleus. Beyond this level, such effects disappear. Our results indicate that the striatum itself is neutral with regard to reinforcement, and suggest that such apparent neutrality cannot be ascribed to motor or other artifacts. These findings require a reappraisal of the hypothesis of a dopaminergic self-stimulation system, although they are not in conflict with the idea that dopaminergic manipulations may affect self stimulation through some more general regulatory influence on operant responding. PMID- 1122386 TI - Sodium currents in voltage clamped nerve fiber of frog under the combined action of batrachotoxin and procaine. PMID- 1122387 TI - Distribution, metabolism and biological activity of deoxycorticosterone in the central nervous system. AB - Intravenously injected [1,2-3H]deoxycorticosterone (DOC) readily enters all parts of the central nervous system. In intact and eviscerated rats the highest concentration of radioactive label was recovered from areas corresponding to the reticular formation from the brain stem. In addrenalectomized animals, in addition to high brain stem concentration, there was also a marked increase in the uptake of radioactivity in the septum, hippocampus and pituitary. Data from the eviscerated rat point to a uniform distribution of [1,2-3H]DOC in neural tissues and suggest that the higher levels of radioactivity found in the brain stem may be due to a DOC metabolite with the chromatographic characteristics of allo-tetrahydro-DOC, an anaesthetic-type steroid. A decrease in the amplitude of evoked sciatic potentials in brain stem sites but not in the thalamic relay nucleus was observed in 52% of the cases studied, following the i.v. injection of 100-150 mug DOC. PMID- 1122388 TI - Evidence for recurrent inhibition by motoneurons in human subjects. PMID- 1122389 TI - Correlation between the topographical distribution of [3H]GABA uptake and primary afferent depolarization in the frog spinal cord. PMID- 1122390 TI - GABA and amino acids in the electric organ of Torpedo. PMID- 1122391 TI - Protein synthesis by isolated nuclei from various regions of rat brain--a correlation with the nuclear volume. PMID- 1122392 TI - Fine structure of electric ell acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 1122393 TI - Increased penetration of horseradish peroxidase across the blood-brain barrier induced by Metrazol seizures. PMID- 1122394 TI - Blockade of tardive seizures in rats by electroconvulsive shock. PMID- 1122395 TI - Effects of acute haloperidol on the gamma-aminobutyric acid system in rat striatum and substantia nigra. PMID- 1122396 TI - Subfornical organ lesions reduce intravenous angiotensin-induced drinking. PMID- 1122397 TI - Histamine: action on supraoptic and other hypothalamic neurones of the cat. PMID- 1122398 TI - Sodium ions are necessary for cholinergic desensitization in molluscan neurons. PMID- 1122399 TI - At least three molecules of carbamycholine are needed to activate a cholinergic receptor. PMID- 1122400 TI - Differential effect of morphine on central versus peripheral nociception. PMID- 1122401 TI - Behavioral effects of local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial ventral tegmentum in the rat. Possible role of the mesolimbic dopamingergic system. PMID- 1122402 TI - A cerebellar-ceruleus pathway. PMID- 1122403 TI - Origin of olfactory projections to lateral hypothalamus and nuclei gemini of the rat. PMID- 1122404 TI - On the motor projection of the stellate ganglion in Octopus vulgaris. PMID- 1122405 TI - Inversion of anomalous uncrossed projections along the mediolateral axis of the superior colliculus: implications for retinocollicular specificity. PMID- 1122406 TI - Intracellular responses of rat dentate granule cells in vitro: posttetanic potentiation to perforant path stimulation. PMID- 1122407 TI - The action of the dentate nucleus on the excitability of spinal motoneurons via pathways which do not involve the primary sensorimotor cortex. PMID- 1122408 TI - Contra- and ipsilateral cortical and rubral effects on fast and slow spinal motoneurons of the cat. PMID- 1122409 TI - Cortical potentials associated with voluntary movements in the monkey. PMID- 1122410 TI - The ophthalmic manifestations of Rothmund's syndrome. PMID- 1122411 TI - Venous stasis retinopathy. A case report. AB - A case of bilateral carotid occlusion presenting with bilateral venous-stasis retinopathy is presented. The possibility of mistaking this condition for diabetic retinopathy is pointed out and the differentiating features are outlined. PMID- 1122412 TI - Lacrimal pump pressure patterns. AB - In most cases the tracings of lacrimal pump pressure patterns may be interpreted, but, should only be used in conjunction with the patient's history and physical examination. A Schirmer and a distraction test should be included. The distraction test is important in order to indicate the magnitude of the lid tension and thereby the integrity of one of the components of the lacrimal pump. A variety of clinical entities were presented and correlation between these entities and their lacrimal pump pressure recordings were made. These pressure patterns evolved from 75 monitored lacrimal drainage problem cases. In rare circumstances the silicone tube could not be inserted where no pathology existed. Stenotic puncta or closed systems cause sharp spikes indicative of high pressure and poor flow. Tightening of the lower lid can significantly increase pressure patterns and increase tear transportation. Tightening of the levator palpebrae superioris may increase pressures in the nasolacrimal system. Monitoring of canalicular and lacrimal pressures is an effective means of determining the patency of a DCR and conjunctival DCR. Nasolacrimal system monitoring is a safe, painless and effective method of evaluating disorders within that system. PMID- 1122413 TI - An analysis of senile changes in the palpebral fissure. AB - This work was carried out to determine the changes in conformity and in physiological movements of the eyelids with advancing age. Some conceptions fostered in the literature are false and should be discarded. Others have been corroborated. We conclude that the whole lateral canthus becomes lax and drifts medially with age. Therefore, surgical correction should aim at restoring the fixation of the lateral canthus to its youthful position. PMID- 1122414 TI - The effects of a topical adrenergic potentiator on intraocular pressure in man. PMID- 1122415 TI - Neovascular glaucoma in a university clinic. AB - A comparative survey of 100 consecutive clinic and private glaucoma patients was made in an attempt to determine the nature of these populations. Secondary glaucoma was found four times more frequently in the clinic group. The most common secondary form was neovascular glaucoma. This discouraging entity was reviewed with regard to etiology, pathogenesis, and management. PMID- 1122416 TI - Avian light-induced macrophthalmos. PMID- 1122417 TI - Stereoacuity and fusional amplitude in foveal suppression. AB - A retrospective study of 100 cases with suppression of one fovea was carried out to discover the relationship between the residual angle of strabismus (if present), the quality of stereopsis and fusional amplitudes. No direct linear relationship was present. However, the following conclusion could be reached. The greatest number of patients with one fovea suppressed who exhibited normal fusional amplitude have a residual esotropia between 5 and 10 prism dioptres. Stereoacuity, as well, tended to be superior in this group. From a practical standpoint, in patients with permanent suppression of one fovea, under binocular conditions, the eradication of any residual tropia, provided it is under 10 prism dioptres, will not improve binocular visual function. PMID- 1122418 TI - Complications of phacoemulsification. PMID- 1122419 TI - Recurrent T.R.I.C. kerato-conjunctivitis: treatment with tetracycline. AB - Trachoma inclusion conjunctivitis agent infections have a spectrum of clinical presentations which in their more chronic forms are often difficult to recognize. Patients with epithelial erosions of the upper cornea, episodic E.K.C. type subepithelial infiltrates, pannus or micropannus, and with or without lid scarring, merit conjunctival scrapings as an aid to diagnosis. Since the agents which produce these infections have a genital reservoir, as the prevalence of venereal diseases increases, the incidence of this type of keratoconjunctivitis will also increase. If the diagnosis is suspected treatment with systemic tetracycline is effective and relatively safe. Simultaneous treatment of sexual consorts of inclusion conjunctivitis patients and families of trachoma patients should decrease recurrences. PMID- 1122420 TI - The assessment of near vision. AB - There are many variables in the physiology of near vision, the end-point criteria, the types available, and the measurements made. I have suggested a hard criterion of the smallest print at the nearest distance. This controls the physiological variables and provides repeatable data for the evaluation of vision, accommodation, and binocular function. PMID- 1122421 TI - Retinal dysplasia in Coat's disease. PMID- 1122422 TI - Pedunculated malignant melanoma of conjunctiva - the sequel. PMID- 1122423 TI - Energy: a useful criterion in analysis of human visual evoked response. AB - Visual evoked responses from a diffuse Xenon flash were studied for seven normal and 14 abnormal subjects. Amplitude and latency measurements of the waveforms were compared with an energy function calculated from the area beneath a curve of the VER voltage squared and summed over the interval from 0 to 125 msec. This energy function proved superior to latency in detecting asymmetrical responses and similar to latency in detecting symmetrically reduced waveforms. PMID- 1122424 TI - Melanin deposition in the hyphae of a species of Phomopsis. AB - Hyaline hyphae of Phomopsis become pigmented when exposed to short periods of light. Pigment was deposited in the form of melanin granules both within the cell wall and within mucilaginous excrescences that were developed irregularly over the hyphal surface. Analysis of the pigment showed it to have properties similar to that of "Dopa" melanin and to pigments previously isolated from fungal cell walls. Lysis of both hyaline and pigmented hyphal walls by means of lytic enzymes was minimal. It is suggested that the major role of melanin in this fungus is the protection of cellular organelles from harmful ionizing radiations. PMID- 1122425 TI - An experimentally pathogenic Bacillus species. II. The pathogenicity of the organism for mice. AB - The pathogenic effects produced in mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a Bacillus species (OSU 372) are presented. This organism belongs to group 3 of the genus, and members of this group have not heretofore been shown to be pathogenic for mice even under experimental conditions. However, this organism is capable of producing a fatal involvement in doses which are not considered to be overwhelming. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of the organism for 20-25 g mice by the i.p. route is about 1 times 10-8 bacteria/mouse. A rapid drop in body temperature along with severe dehydration were noted in infected animals, and hematologic studies indicated that leukopenia and hemoconcentration also occurred. Although a transient septicemia developed, the bacteria could not be recovered from the tissues of fatally infected mice after a certain point in time. Results prevented indicate that the animals died of hypovolemic shock. A possible parallel with human bacillary infection is drawn. PMID- 1122426 TI - Changes in cutaneous flora after wet occlusion. AB - Aerobic flora from wet-occluded forearms of six volunteers was sampled the day before treatment, on the 3rd day when dressings were removed, and daily, when possible, for 8 days thereafter. Erythema was not present. All bacterial colonies appearing on appropriate dilution plates were identified with the aid of a replica-plating technique. Flora of each individual increased to over 10-4 colony forming units/cm2 as a result of wet-occlusion, but counts rapidly fell by about 10-2 units once dressings were removed. Although similar types of bacteria were found on all subjects, the composition of each individual's flora during the recovery response appeared to be unique. Enterobacteriaceae were found on half the subjects with Enterobacter aerogenes being the most successful colonizer. Besides the expected presence of Baird-Parker Staphylococcus subgroup II, high numbers of subgroup IV and some colonies of subgroup III were also observed. Almost all cutaneous diphtheroids were lipophilic and lipolytic. PMID- 1122427 TI - Characterization of branched and unsaturated fatty acids in Mycobacterium vaccae strain JOB5. AB - After growth of Mycobacterium vaccae strain JOB5 on acetate or propane, the cellular fatty acids were isolated and identified by a combination of gas chromatographic, mass-spectral, and chemical means. The fatty acids ranged from C12 to C19 and were a mixture of saturated, monounsaturated, and methyl-branched components. The double bond was in the delta9 position in the C15 to C18 unsaturated acids. The single methyl branch was located on the C10 position of Br C17, Br-C18, and Br-C19 fatty acids. Branched-chain synthesis occurs at the expense of an unsaturated precursor fatty acid; the double bond serves as the site of methylation. Results suggest that S-adenosylmethionine is the methyl donor involved. PMID- 1122429 TI - A large new Streptococcus bacteriophage. AB - Phage VD13 possesses a large, elongated head and a long, non-contractile tail. It is active on group D streptococci and contains double-stranded DNA. The phage produces several rare kinds of head malformations, notably polymorphic mottled structures and giant heads which probably contain DNA. PMID- 1122428 TI - Fungal fimbriae. II. Their role in conjugation in Ustilago violacea. AB - During conjugation in the anther smut fungus Ustilago violacea cells of opposite mating type first pair tightly and then develop a conjugation tube or bridge between them. The cells of both mating types are covered in long fine hairs or fimbriae, some of which appear to end in knobs. Experiments involving enzyme treatments of the cell surface indicate that these fimbriae do not play an essential role in cell pairing, instead pairing seems to be initiated when one or both mating types produce amorphous masses of alpha-amylase-sensitive material. Electron micrographs, enzyme and inhibitor studies, and experiments using restrictive temperatures suggest, however, that fimbriae may be essential for the later stages of conjugation i.e. development of the conjugation tube. If so, it is suggested that they may permit the exchange of macromolecules between the conjugating cells, initiating localized wall-softening and wall-breakdown. PMID- 1122430 TI - Isolations of California encephalitis virus from tundra mosquitoes. PMID- 1122431 TI - Editorial: Myocardial ischemia without coronary artery disease. PMID- 1122432 TI - Letter: Pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 1122433 TI - Letter: Screening for hereditary metabolic disease. PMID- 1122434 TI - Letter: The irritable colon. PMID- 1122435 TI - Letter: Contaminated vacuum tubes. PMID- 1122436 TI - Letter: Contraception and abortion. PMID- 1122437 TI - Letter: CUSO. PMID- 1122438 TI - Letter: Abnormal patency of eustachian tube from oral contraceptives. PMID- 1122439 TI - Letter: Adverse effect of methaqualone. PMID- 1122440 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in the Hamilton region. II. Thalassemia traits and iron therapy. AB - Between July 1973 and July 1974 all adult patients with hypochromic anemia and a mean corpuscular volume of 75 mum3 or less were screened for hemoglobinopathies. Of the 490 patients 105 had beta-thalassemia trait, 11 had alpha1-thalassemia trait, 4 had hemoglobin Lepore trait and 1 had hemoglobin H disease. Of 48 inpatients whose charts were reviewed 19 had been on oral iron therapy and 7 of them had been given iron intramuscularly. Of 27 outpatients interviewed 10 had been on intermittent iron therapy for 18 months or more; 4 had been given at least 1 g of intramuscular iron. Iron deficiency was not documented in any of these patients. Iron deficiency should be diagnosed by means other than the presence of a hypochromic picture in the peripheral blood before iron therapy is instituted, particularly in communities with a large population of Mediterranean or South-East Asian origin. PMID- 1122441 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax: outpatient management with intercostal tube drainage. AB - In a series of 104 episodes of pneumothorax 75 percent of episodes were managed successfully on an outpatient basis by observation (23.1 percent) or by intercostal tube drainage using a flutter valve (51.9 percent). The patients for whom this treatment was not successful were admitted to hospital; 17 of them (16.3 percent of 104) were treated surgically. Bleb suturing with a stapling device and dry sponge abrasion of the pleura was the operation of choice. PMID- 1122442 TI - Pulsus paradoxus in asthmatic children. AB - Pulsus paradoxus is a useful physical sign in the assessment of the severity of asthma in adults. Whether this is also true for asthmatic children was determined by measuring respiratory fluctuations in systolic blood pressure during attacks of asthma in 24 children. A decrease in systolic pressure during inspiration exceeding 15 mm Hg was found only when the 1-second forced expiratory volume was less tha 60 percent of the predicted value. There was a highly significant (P smaller than 0.001) correlation between the degree of pulsus paradoxus and the severity of airway obstruction. In nonasthmatic children the systolic pressure was found to fluctuate by as much as 7 mm Hg during the respiratory cycle. It is concluded that, as in adults, the presence of pulsus paradoxus (larger than or equal to 15 mm Hg) in children indicates that their asthma is very severe. PMID- 1122443 TI - Solitary thyroid metastasis from clear-cell renal carcinoma. AB - A 58-year-old woman underwent nephrectomy because of clear-cell renal carcinoma. Seven years later a solitary thyroid metastasis was detected. She is alive and well 17 months after thyroidectomy. The rarity of this manifestation is well known but its explanation is not clear. The long metastasis-free interval, a characteristic shared by other hormonally dependent neoplasms, has been explained in part by the concept of "dormant cells", which do not undergo division. The stimulus that provokes these cells into division is at present not known. PMID- 1122444 TI - Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with functioning metastases and clinical hyperthyroidism. AB - Hyperthyroidism associated with metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland is rare. In one patient the mass of functioning follicular tissue in the primary and metastatic tumour was so great that excessive amounts of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were produced and, as a result, clinical hyperthyroidism developed. This was in spite of the fact that the activity per unit of tissue was not supranormal and may even have been slightly subnormal. The initial response of the metastases to 131I ablative therapy was excellent. PMID- 1122445 TI - A clinical look at the problem of drugs in pregnancy and their effect on the fetus. AB - The first annual W. E. Upjohn Lecture concerned itself with the interrelationship between administration of drugs to the pregnant woman and fetal outcome. The epidemiology of drug intake (both prescribed and self-administered drugs) during pregnancy is reviewed, using data derived from several surveys conducted both in the United States and in Scotland. The complexities of establishing a causal relationship between drug intake during pregnancy and effects upon the fetus are considered. Special emphasis is given to the adverse effects of aspirin and cigarette smoking. The shortage of data is critical and the need for further research is stressed. PMID- 1122446 TI - Enrolment in Canadian medical schools, 1974-75. PMID- 1122447 TI - Bilingualism--South African style. PMID- 1122448 TI - Sick magazines need urgent treatment: why are they still in the waiting room? PMID- 1122449 TI - Acute epiglottitis: a potential killer. PMID- 1122450 TI - The family doctor in Canada. Part VI: joining the organized voice. PMID- 1122451 TI - Medical dollars and data: collection, recollection. Part II: medicare benefits statisticians. PMID- 1122452 TI - Editorial: The metric system, the International System of Unist (SI) and medicine. PMID- 1122453 TI - Letter: Screening for hereditary metabolic disease. PMID- 1122454 TI - Letter: The hyperactive child. PMID- 1122456 TI - Age x parity greater than 120. PMID- 1122455 TI - Letter: Inconvenience to patients. PMID- 1122457 TI - Excretion of inhibitors of calcification in urine. Part I. Findings in control subjects and patients with renal stones. AB - The total excretion of inhibitors of in vitro calcification was measured (in inhibiting units per day) in 24-hour urine samples of 11 control subjects and 20 patients with renal calculi. A semiquantitative method incorporating the rachitic rat cartilage technique was used. In both groups there was a significant positive correlation between the number of inhibiting units per day and the daily urine volume. The mean number of inhibiting units per day was significantly (P smaller than 0.05) higher in the stone patients than in the controls. However, the stone formers had significantly larger (P smaller than 0.01) 24-hour urine volumes. When corrections were made for urine volume there was no significant difference between the two groups. These data suggest that the underlying abnormality responsible for renal stone formation is not a persistent decrease in the total concentration of urinary inhibitors of calcification. PMID- 1122458 TI - Diagnostic differences in psychogeriatric patients in Toronto, New York and London, England. AB - National statistics on psychiatric illness in the elderly patient from Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom suggest great differences in morbidity in these three centres. The present study shows that these differences stem mainly from different diagnostic habits in the three countries, but also there were more alcoholics in the Canadian sample. In particular, the diagnostic bias of the New York psychiatrists towards diagnosing most elderly patients as senile was not shared by their Toronto colleagues. Some patients were psychiatrically well, in spite of receiving a psychiatric diagnosis, and could have been helped without hospitalization. In addition, some depressed patients were labelled senile. Recommendations include improvement of catchment and treatment facilities for the elderly alcoholic and the provision of psychogeriatric diagnostic centres. PMID- 1122459 TI - Esophageal achalasia associated with gastric carcinoma: lack of evidence for widespread plexus destruction. AB - Achalasia of the esophagus occurred in association with gastric carcinoma involving the cardia. Except in a limited area subjacent to the squamocolumnar junction, the pathologic findings were unusual in that the myenteric plexus of the body of the esophagus was intact and apparently uninvolved. The hypothesis is advanced that, in this instance, the achalasia could be classified as a tumour associated funnctional disorder due to distant neural involvement rather than to local invasion with plexus destruction. PMID- 1122460 TI - Fatal self-poisoning with lithium carbonate. AB - In a fatal case of self-poisoning with lithium carbonate there was a progressive increase in serum lithium concentration for 48 hours after ingestion of the overdose. It is suggested that the continuous increase in serum lithium concentration reflects prolonged absorption of lithium from relatively insoluble aggregates of lithium carbonate in the gastrointestinal tract. In this case there was an interval of 45 hours between ingestion of the overdose and the onset of central nervous system depression. Simultaneous peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis were effective in rapidly reducing the serum lithium concentration but there was little concomitant change in the patient's level of consciousness. The terminal event was a respiratory complication of the comatose state. PMID- 1122461 TI - Iliacus hematoma syndrome. AB - In a patient receiving warfarin and heparin in the treatment of pulmonary embolism, a hematoma developed in the iliacus muscle, compressing the overlying femoral nerve. Femoral nerve paralysis ensued, causing inability to walk, pain and loss of sensation in the sensory distribution of the nerve. Surgical intervention and removal of the hematoma relieved the nerve compression and the condition gradually improved. PMID- 1122462 TI - Electronic fact and fiction. PMID- 1122464 TI - Association helps members plan for both ends of their careers. PMID- 1122463 TI - The profession deserves a better press but where lies the fault? PMID- 1122465 TI - [Medicine and the law. When there is fault, who should be prosecuted?]. PMID- 1122466 TI - The family doctor in Canada. Part VII: a group of six. PMID- 1122467 TI - Three Cs that spell cure. PMID- 1122468 TI - Suicide and attempted suicide in the Yukon territory. PMID- 1122469 TI - Suicide and abnormalities of consciousness. PMID- 1122470 TI - Assessing degree of psychopathology from diagnostic statements. PMID- 1122471 TI - Child psychiatry and pediatrics: an integrated approach. PMID- 1122472 TI - The etiology of hysterical seizures. PMID- 1122473 TI - Hospitalization and hospital bed replacement. PMID- 1122475 TI - Letter: The 24th annual meeting of the Canadian Psychiatric Association as seen by a clinical endocrinologist. PMID- 1122474 TI - Psychiatric problems of the deaf child. PMID- 1122476 TI - Poultry diseases diagnosed in Canadian laboratories for the year 1973. PMID- 1122477 TI - Heartworm, Sarconema sp. infection in a whistling swan, Olor columbianus. PMID- 1122478 TI - Ultrastructure of two cases of anaplastic giant cell tumor of the human thyroid gland. AB - Electron microscopy of two cases of anaplastic giant cell tumor of the thyroid revealed that these neoplasms consisted of pleomorphic cells with large, bizarre shaped nuclei and relatively little cytoplasm rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of various intercellular junctions, the resemblance of tumor cells to non-neoplastic epithelial cells of the thyroid follicles and the observation that follicular remnants were identified in the tumor, support the assumption that these tumors derive from the follicular epithelium and can be regarded as carcinomas. Aggregates of cytoplasmic spherical bodies, ultrastructurally similar to virus particles, were detected in some tumor cells. Further investigation is required to determine the nature of these structures and establish their pathogenetic role. In some tumor cells, tubuloreticular arrays were noted within the dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum; these may represent ultrastructural manifestations of nonspecific injury. PMID- 1122479 TI - Ultrastructure of anaplastic (spindle and giant cell) carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Three anaplastic (spindle and giant cell) carcinomas of the thyroid were studied by light and electron microscopy; two of the tumors also included foci of recognizable follicular carcinoma. The follicular carcinoma cells desplayed prominent mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and showed evidence of secretory activity. Desmosomes and complex cellular interdigitations were evident. Basal laminae were present, with conspicuous reduplication in the well differentiated foci. However, some epithelial clusters were surrounded by basal lamina, showing focal discontinuities through which epithelial cells protruded into the stroma. The pleomorphic spindle and giant cells showed cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics similar to the better differentiated carcinomatous follicular elements, but showed rare desmosomes and no basal laminae. The basic ultrastructural similarity between follicular and anaplastic tumor cells confirms their common epithelial origin. However, while partially retaining their secretory capability, the anaplastic cells progressively lose their capacity to synthetize basal lamina and develop complex cellular attachments. PMID- 1122480 TI - Anaplastic giant-cell carcinoma of the thyroid. A study of treatment and prognosis. AB - In 79 cases of histologically verified anaplastic giant-cell carcinoma, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis were documented. Seventy-eight patients are dead, the mean survival time being 2.5 months. One patient is cured. It was concluded that surgery and/or radiotherapy alone are not sufficient. The results from an additional 8 patients also treated with methotrexate indicate a positive therapeutic effect, the mean survival time being 9.4 months. Disappearance of recurrent tumor or pulmonary metastases was noted in 2 patients. PMID- 1122481 TI - Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx: a clinicopathologic study. IV. Smooth muscle tumors (leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma) AB - In a review of nonepithelial tumors involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx, 256 lesions, 156 benign and 100 malignant, were identified. Of these, 8 were smooth muscle neoplasms, 2 leiomyomas, and 6 leiomyosarcomas. The clinical findings associated with these smooth muscle tumors are described, their histologic features illustrated, results of therapy presented, and clinicopathologic correlations made. The leiomyomas were small lesions found incidentally within polypectomy specimens, and were successfully treated by polypectomy. Leiomyosarcomas could not be eradicated easily by surgery, recurred frequently, did not respond well to radiotherapy, and carried a poor prognosis. PMID- 1122482 TI - Dopamine-B-hydroxylase and catecholamines in an olfactory esthesioneuroma. AB - In a case of olfactory esthesioneuroma, of which an unfixed specimen and blood sample were available, we demonstrated immunohistochemically and biochemically the presence of dopamine-B-hydroxylase and catecholamines in low concentration. This result indicates that this nasal tumor is probably of sympathetic origin, in whole or in part, and provides a new aid in diagnosis. Furthermore, biochemical assay of dopamine, V.M.A., and H.V.A. excretion in urine could perhaps bring information of diagnostic and prognostic value before and after treatment. PMID- 1122483 TI - Elevated IGA in carcinoma of the nasopharynx. AB - Fourteen patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were evaluated immunologically prior to standard radiotion therapy. All had elevations of serum IgA, ranging from 300 mg/100 ml to 1000 mg/100 ml, with a mean value of 549 mg/100 ml. Seven patients demonstrated depression of cell-mediated immunity as measured by delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, total lymphocyte count, in vitro stimulation with PHA, and T-cell rosette formation. Elevation of serum IgA associated with depression of cell mediated immunity may be characteristic of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 1122484 TI - Low-dose radiation pneumonitis. AB - A case demonstrating fulminant radiation pneumonitis following a course of prophylactic whole lung irradiation at doses below 2000 rads, resulting in death, is presented. The importance of predisposing factors and the suspected "sensitizing" factor in this case are discussed. PMID- 1122485 TI - Detection of skeletal involvement in Hodgkin's disease: a comparison of radiography, bone scanning and bone marrow biopsy in 38 patients. AB - As part of the staging of 38 patients with Hodgkin's disease seen over an 18 month period, we have used radioisotopic scanning of bone, as well as radiography and bone marrow biopsy, in an attempt to assess osseous and bone marrow involvement. Of the 38 patients, 14 were found to have skeletal involvement. In 11 this was histologically proved. In 8 patients, the radioisotopic scan first raised the suspicion of localized bone involvement, which was subsequently proved by bone marrow biopsy or by radiography. We believe that bone marrow involvement may at times be localized when patients with Hodgkin's disease are first staged and may precede local osseous involvement. If this is so, a reasonable approach to the search for bone marrow or osseous involvement would be to start with a bone scan and to follow this with a bone marrow biopsy from the suspicious area or a careful radiography of the same site; the latter is important if the site of increased uptake of the radionuclide is inaccessible to the biopsy needle. PMID- 1122486 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with gynecologic malignancy. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated (greater than 2.5 ng/ml) in 81 of 100 patients with gynecologic malignancy and in 17 of 95 patients with benign gynecologic disease. CEA concentration was, in general, related to the extent of disease, and in early stage cancer often returned to normal following complete surgical excision. Tumors were classified morphologically according to cell type, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, necrosis, vascular invasion, desmoplasia, and degree of differentiation. The only histologic characteristic associated with elevated CEA levels was the presence of vascular invasion. Further investigation is needed to define the structure, function, and metabolism of CEA in patients with gynecologic malignancy. PMID- 1122487 TI - Mesocolic lymph node histology is an important prognostic indicator for patients with carcinoma of the sigmoid colon: an immunomorphologic study. AB - Histologic parameters which are thought to reflect either cell-mediated (T cell) or humoral (B cell) immune responses in lymph nodes have been studied in regional lymph nodes draining carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Patients whose lymph nodes show morphological evidence of cell-mediated immunity, manifested either by an increased number of paracortical immunoblasts or sinus histiocytosis, survive significantly longer than those whose lymph nodes show no such changes. Patients whose lymph nodes show simultaneous paracortical activity and sinus histiocytosis have the best survival of all. Of this latter group, 11/13 (83 percent) are living without signs of recurrent tumor 5 or more years after surgery. Histologic parameters which suggest an antibody-mediated immune response (germinal center activity) were not an important prognostic indicator. The occurrence of favorable lymph node histology does not appear to significantly correlate with the modified Duke's classification. Rather, the favorable changes allow selection of a large proportion of those patients within the various Duke's categories who are destined to become long-term survivors. PMID- 1122488 TI - Phase II study of procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine combination chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. AB - Forty-eight patients with primary or metastatic malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) were treated with combination chemotherapy, consisting or procarbazine (100 mg/m2 X 14 days), CCNU (75 mg/m2), and vincristine (1.4 mg/m2 X 2, 1 week apart) (PCV) every 4 weeks. Most patients had undergone initial resection of primary tumors, postoperative radiotherapy, and a post irradiation interval of 3 months or more. Other patients harbored unbiopsied, newly discovered primary or metastatic tumors. All patients were deteriorating neurologically when treatment began. Overall response rate for PCV combination therapy was 44%, no better than results obtained with single agent procarbazine or BCNU, the most effective drugs used alone in previous brain tumor chemotherapy studies. PMID- 1122489 TI - Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the cerebrum. AB - A primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma is described in a 48-year-old Negro man. At autopsy two metastatic nodules were present in the liver. A review of the literature indicates that this is a rare and highly malignant tumor with no 5 year survival. The multipotentiality of the mesenchymal tissue in the leptomeninges is considered the histogenetic origin of intracranial rhabdomyosarcomas. PMID- 1122490 TI - The nitroblue tetrazolium test in patients with advanced neoplastic diseases. AB - The nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) was evaluated in 111 patients with cancer. Patients were placed into control and "presumed infected" groups. The mean NBT score for the control group, 6.3, was significantly greater than the mean for a group of normal volunteers, 3.1, but the mean score for the "presumed infected" group, 15.6 was significantly higher. Less than 10 percent of the patients with bacterial infection had scores below 10, while 15 percent of the control patients had unexplained high scores. A method for concentrating leukocytes is described which makes the NBT test feasible in patients with granulocytopenia. Morphological changes in granulocytes used as indicators of infection are unreliable markers in cancer patients, in whom such changes occur frequently in the absence of infection. We have found that the NBT test is more useful as an indicator of infection in patients with cancer. PMID- 1122491 TI - Lymphoma presenting as bone marrow failure. AB - In reviewing 550 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, only 3 percent were found to present with severe leukopenia or thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow infiltration. Patients with well-differentiated lymphoma had a favorable prognosis despite the presence of cytopenia. In contrast, individuals with poorly differentiated lymphoma had a median survival of only 4 months. Thus, the critical factor in survival was the degree of differentiation of the lymphoma. Conventional therapy proved of little value in the poorly differentiated group. Trials of intensive multidrug chemotherapeutic regimens seem warranted, despite the risk of exacerbating the cytopenia. PMID- 1122492 TI - A melanocytic tumor of the esophagus. AB - The author describes a heavily pigmented, encapsulated tumor within the wall of the esophagus of an adult male patient. The differential diagnosis is discussed. It is concluded that the tumor is probably benign and of neurogenic origin. PMID- 1122493 TI - Malignant histiocytosis in a patient presenting with leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and lymph node granuloma. AB - A patient with malignant histiocytosis presented with a number of unusual features including fever, leukemoid reaction, and eosinophilia. Other confusing findings included lymph node biopsies which showed reactive changes, noncaseating granuloma, and atypical Reed-Sternberg cells. These features are compared with cases appearing in the literature. The course was rapidly progressive despite combination chemotherapy. PMID- 1122494 TI - Hypersplenism in advanced breast cancer: report of a patient treated with splenectomy. AB - A patient with widespread metastatic breast cancer had thrombocytopenia and severe anemia due to splenic hyperfunction, confirmed by chromium51-labeled red cell survival and sequestration studies. Marked splenic enlargement was produced by metastatic tumor. After she failed to respond to steroids, her hematologic status was improved by splenectomy, and has been stable for 16 months. Hypersplenism may be suspected as a cause of severe hemolytic anemia in advanced carcinoma. If the patient's general status is otherwise compatible with long comfortable survival, appropriate diagnostic studies and consideration of splenectomy are warranted. PMID- 1122495 TI - Generalized melanosis complicating disseminated malignant melanoma in pregnancy: a case report. AB - A case of generalized melanosis complicating disseminated malignant melanoma in pregnancy is described. Four features of this case, unique in combination, are discussed. First, generalized melanosis is a rare complication in macrophages of skin and other areas. Secondly, extensive bone lesions in the absence of roentgenographic changes are an uncommon occurrence. Thirdly, pregnancy probably has little effect on the course of melanoma, as illustrated by this case and a review of the literature. Finally, placental metastases may be more common than generally thought, yet may have little significance to the fetus. PMID- 1122496 TI - Human thoracic duct cannulation: manipulation of tumor-specific blocking factors in a patient with malignant melanoma. AB - Thoracic duct lymph was drained for 28 days from a patient with disseminated malignant melanoma. Lymphocytes were separated from the lymph by centrifugation, and returned to the patient daily. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were monitored in blood and lymph, and were maintained at satisfactory levels throughout the period. Cell-mediated immunity and specific blocking activity directed against melanoma antigens were examined by the leukocyte adherence inhibition test. Blocking factors in drained lymph fell to undetectable levels after 6 days' thoracic duct drainage, whereas it took 9 days for serum blocking factors to fall to similar levels. Peripheral blood leukocytes demonstrated cell mediated immunity against melanoma antigens before and throughout the period of drainage, except for the immediate postoperative period. Within 24 hours of closure of the thoracic duct fistula, serum blocking activity had returned, and 17 days later the patient died. PMID- 1122497 TI - Consecutive primary carcinomas of the breast. AB - The incidence of consecutive primary carcinoma of the breast in 1489 women was 1 percent per year and remained constant for 20 years. The age of women with bilateral carcinomas was 6 years younger than those who had single tumors. Survival after the second tumor tended to be better in women less than 50 years. Patients who developed metastases had a shorter interval between the first and second tumors than those who remained free from the disease. Prognosis was the same in those with nonsynchronous carcinomas as in those with single tumors, and the incidence of positive nodes was the same in both groups. The prognosis was poorest in those who developed synchronous tumors. Prophylactic postoperative radiotherapy did not affect the incidence of consecutive breast carcinomas and did not alter prognosis. The results stress the importance of observing carefully the remaining breast, especially in younger women. PMID- 1122498 TI - Sarcoma of soft tissue: clinical and histopathologic parameters and response to treatment. AB - Radical dose radiation therapy alone or combined with limited surgery has been employed in the management of 100 patients with primary (71) and recurrent (29) sarcoma of soft tissue. Results of this experience show that a combination of conservative surgery and radiation therapy, based upon radical dose levels and sophisticated techniques, is effective: only 13 of 100 patients showed local regrowth during a followup of 2-12 years. This may be compared with an expected congruent to 25 recurrences had treatment been radical surgery (wide resection or amputation). For lesions located on the distal extremities (elbow-hand, knee foot) there were local failures in only 3 of 59 (5 percent). Further, 75 percent of patients treated by the improved techniques utilized in the recent 8 years retained a useful limb which is free of pain or edema. Histopathologic grade is demonstrated to be an important indicator of prognosis of local recurrence and of disease-free survival. Local recurrence rates were 0/23, 9/53, and 4/24 for Grades 1, 2, and 3. Disease-free survival rates were 19/23 (86 percent), 27/53 (51 percent), and 4/24 (17 percent) for Grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Invasion of skin appeared to be a sign of poor prognosis; 8 of 9 such patients developed distant metastases. PMID- 1122499 TI - The nurses of Brochet. PMID- 1122500 TI - A LEAP with LIP. PMID- 1122501 TI - Rape victims--the invisible patients. PMID- 1122502 TI - Editorial: The Criminal Code and rape and sex offenses. PMID- 1122503 TI - Changing staff behavior. PMID- 1122504 TI - How children see the nurse. PMID- 1122505 TI - Vascular reactivity to noradrenaline, potassium chloride, and angiotensin II in the rat perfused mesenteric vasculature preparation, during the development of renal hypertension. AB - The degree of reactivity to noradrenaline of the perfused mesenteric vasculature and the blood pressure of the renal hypertensive rat were correlated. Early (true) supersensitivity was demonstrated for noradrenaline and angiotensin but not for KCl. Later (apparent) hyperreactivity to all three substances was related to an elevated maximal response. The potentiating actions of endogenous angiotensin could cause the early (true) supersensitivity to noradrenaline. PMID- 1122506 TI - Relationship of intramyocardial oxygen tension and epicardial ST segment changes following acute coronary artery ligation: effects of coronary perfusion pressure. AB - The relationship between the magnitude of epicardial ST-segment elevation and intramyocardial oxygen tension after coronary artery ligation was examined in 11 dogs at various coronary perfusion pressures. The ST map significantly reflected local intramyocardial oxygen tension, and the level of coronary perfusion pressure proved to be an important determinant of both local myocardial oxygen balance and the magnitude of ischaemic injury. PMID- 1122508 TI - Design and function of a mechanical assembly for recording echocardiograms during upright exercise. AB - It has proved difficult to record satisfactorily echocardiograms during patient motion. This report describes the design and preliminary results obtained with an echo harness with which the transducer can be held stationary or moved rapidly and predictably by remote control. With this apparatus, recordings can be made during tilting, drug intervention, and during bicycle and treadmill exercise. PMID- 1122507 TI - Chronotropic response to acetylcholine injected into the sinus node artery of the isolated atrium of the dog. AB - Injection of a single bolus of acetylcholine into the sinus node artery of the isolated atrium of the dog produces a triphasic response similar to that previously observed after a single stimulus to the vagus nerves. There is an initial, brief but pronounced, cardiac deceleration followed by a brief, slight acceleration, which is then followed by a more prolonged deceleration which is of lesser magnitude than the initial deceleration. The most likely cause of the intermediate phase of cardiac acceleration is a direct effect of acetylcholine on the pacemaker cells, as it is also with the primary and tertiary phases of cardiac deceleration. PMID- 1122509 TI - Effects of hypoxia, cyanide, and ischaemia on myocardial contraction: observations in isolated muscle and intact heart. AB - Using potassium cyanide (KCN) to stimulate hypoxia, the effects of intracoronary injections of KCN were compared with total occlusions of the same vessel. Imparied contraction as measured by segment length gauges was of equally abrupt onset following both interventions. The magnitude of systolic expansion at one minute was more marked following total occlusion than after KCN administration. PMID- 1122510 TI - Changes in regional coronary blood flow with hypertonic mannitol in conscious dogs. AB - Systemic haemodynamics and regional myocardial blood flow responses to hypertonic mannitol were studied in 10 conscious and 23 anaesthetized dogs. Mannitol infusion significantly increased regional myocardial blood flow in the conscious, intact dogs. Mannitol increased total coronary flow 20% in anasethetized animals compared to 80% in the awake ones. In both groups mannitol exerted a significant positive inotropic effect as evidenced by increases in maximal LV dp/dt and dp/dt/p. These studies have also demonstrated that the intact conscious dog that has not received any sedation has an inner:outer wall left ventricular flow ratio greater than 1-0. PMID- 1122511 TI - The influence of age and the level of arterial blood pressure on the changes in forearm blood flow resulting from sudden alterations in local vascular transmural pressure. AB - Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography in normotensive subjects of various ages and in patients with treated or untreated hypertension. Brief exposure of one forearm to pressures below atmospheric was used to study the transient local changes in arterial inflow which occurred with changes in transmural pressure induced in this way. The increase in initial arterial inflow with such an exposure to suction in a group of young normotensive women was only slightly reduced in two groups of older women. However, a group of subjects with untreated hypertension showed a significantly smaller initial inflow during the suction. There was some indication that adequate treatment of high blood pressure might reverse this effect. PMID- 1122512 TI - Contractile and electrophysiological responses to progressive digitalis toxicity. AB - Contractile force and intraventricular conduction during progressive ouabain infusion were examined in 15 dogs using a Walton-Brodie strain gauge arch and sequential atrial and bundle of His pacing. This permitted: (1) contractile force determination; (2) overdrive of arrhythmias; (3) maintenance of normal contraction sequences; (4) 'normal' ventricular depolarization; (5) rate control; (6) conduction measurements of the H-V interval (His-Purkinje conduction), QRS (intramyocardial conduction), and H-S interval (total intraventricular conduction). Contractile force increased 21.2 plus or minus 4.3% at the onset of toxicity. After toxicity, there was a significant further increase (P smaller than 0.01) to 50.1 plus or minus 12.4%. However, immediately before ventricular fibrillation, a 43.8 plus or minus 8.2% decrease occurred (P smaller than 0.01). H-V time showed no change (from 30 plus or minus 2.7 to 31.5 plus or minus 2.4 ms) at the onset of toxicity but after toxicity, it lengthened to 40.5 plus or minus 3.1 ms (P smaller than 0.05). QRS did show significant prolongation (69.5% plus or minus 5.3 to 79.5 plus or minus 6.9 ms; P smaller than 0.05) at the onset of toxicity, but this was more marked (79.5 plus or minus 6.9 to 130.5 plus or minus 8.1 ms; Pplus or minus 0.01) after toxicity. H-S time was significantly prolonged (99.5 plus or minus 6.2 to 111.0 plus or minus 8.9 ms) before (P smaller than 0.02) and after (P smaller than 0.01) toxicity (111.0 plus or minus 8.9 to 171.1 plus or minus 10.6 ms). During toxicity there is progressive increase in contractile force with continued ouabain infusion Progressive prolongation of intramyocardial conduction occurs in nontoxic and toxic doses, but His-Purkinje conduction is prolonged only in supratoxic doses. PMID- 1122513 TI - Site of initial excitation and current threshold as a function of electrode radius in heart muscle. AB - End-diastolic current thresholds have been measured in 13 open chested dogs as a function of electrode radius by stimulating the left ventricle with epicardial disc electrodes ranging in a radius from 0-3 mm to 9 mm. Thresholds for cathodal rectangular short stimuli as well as specifically for cathodal make stimulation, proved to be proportional to the electrode radius to the power 1-5. This relationship between radius and threshold can be explained theoretically, assuming that electrical stimulation results in a propagated depolarization front if a critical current density is reached somewhere in the myocardium. The current distribution measured over the electrode and the site of initial depolarization in the tissue are in accordance with this theoretical explanation. PMID- 1122514 TI - The organization of the nervous system in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, with emphasis on the blood-brain interface. AB - Central neural connectives and peripheral nerves of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii are surrounded by an acellular neural lamella, beneath which lies a layer of specialised glia, the perineurium. Cell process of the connective perineurium interdigitate extensively, and are frequently closely associated with each other by gap junctions. Occasional zonulae occludentes are encountered. Nerve perineurium, however, is much less elaborate, and may be reduced to a single or incomplete cell layer. In both connective and nerve, the perineurium appears involved in the formation of the collagen-like fibrils of the neural lamella. The comparative fine structure of connective and peripheral nerve correlates well with recent experimental studies in crayfish, where it was concluded that the perineurium in connective but not nerve offers some restriction to diffusion of small ions and molecules. Within the connective, deeper glia re either closely associated with axons (Schwann cells) or lie relatively free in the extracellular space. Cytoplasmic process of both cell types possess "tubular lattice" systems, which are especially elaborate in the Schwann cells. The extracellular space contains a flocculent material and bundles of collagen, together with layers of basal lamina-like material. The physiological implications of the observations are discussed. PMID- 1122515 TI - Identification of the vasopressin-neurophysin II and the oxytocin-neurophysin I producing neurons in the bovine hypothalamus. AB - Immuno-enzyme histochemical investigations on the bovine hypothalamus showed that vasopressin and oxytocin are synthetized in separate neurons. Moreover, it was found that the vasopressin-producing neurons are identical with the neruophysin II-producing neurons, while the oxtocin producing neurons correspond with the neurophysin I-producing neurons. From this result it is concluded that, in the species studied, neurophysin I is the carrier protein of oxytocin and that neurophysin II is the carrier protein of vasopressin. The bovine vasopressin neurophysin II producing neurons and the oxytocin-neurophysin I producing neurons are both present as well in the suparoptic nuclei as in the paraventricular nuclei. In the supraoptic nuclei, the vasopressin-neurophysin II neurons predominate in number; in the paraventricular nuclei, the oxytocin-neurophysin II neurons predominate. The two kinds of bovine neurosecretory neurons are partly localized in separate areas. Moreover, the vasopressin-neurophysin II neurons and the oxytocin-neurophysin I neurons show distinct morphological differences. PMID- 1122516 TI - Thick filaments in vertebrate smooth muscle. AB - Smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens fixed with 5% glutaraldehyde contained three types of filaments, namely, thin (50-80) A) filaments, intermediate (100 A) filaments and thick (120-180 A) filments. However, in 2 out of 16 experiments, under identical conditions, the cells did not contain thick filaments. With OSO4 fixation, thin filaments were not prominent, the most obvious being thick (120-250 A) and intermediate (100 A) filaments. After soaking in a modified Ringer solution under no applied tension for one hour, thick filaments (120-180 A) appeared prominently in smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens and thin filaments were in ordered bundles. By 4 hours, thick filaments had increased in size and density, with thin filaments distributed randomly around them. After 8 hours in Ringer, thin filaments were diffuse and difficult to discern, while thick filaments were large (up to 300 A) and electron dense. Intermediate (100 A) filaments were present in association with dark bodies. Physiological experiments indicated that the intracellular components responsible for the development of a mechanical response were still functional at this time. The presence of "thick filaments" is also reported in degenerating smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig vas deferens in tissue culture. PMID- 1122517 TI - A study of 14C-proline and 14C-hydroxyproline incorporation in different homogenate fractions of the hepatopancreas of the snail, Helix pomatia L. AB - The fate of 14C in snails given 14C-proline and 14C-hydroxyproline has been examined by radiometric analyses of hepatopancreas homogenates. Free 14C-proline and 14C-hydroxyproline in the structural protein of three different hepatopancreas homogenate fractions: (a) granules, (b) small calcium spherites, and (c) large calcium sperites. The presence of hydroxyproline in granules and calcium spherites gives reason to believe that a fibrillar protein related to the collagen-type might occur within these structures. The 14C-proline and 14C hydroxyproline incorporation test measured total radioactivity of each homogenate fraction, expressed as net counts per minute (cpm) per mg of dry weight of each fraction. The radioactivity of the granule and small calcium spherite fractions was about 6-8 times greater than that of the large calcium spherite fraction. PMID- 1122518 TI - Unusual fine structure of sensory hair triad of the millipede, Polyxenus. AB - Three sensory hairs are inserted at right angles to teach other at the temporal region of the head of Polyxenus. They display structural features characteristic of trichobothria and of scolopidia as well. They also manifest several unusual details: 1) The dendritic cilia are enclosed within a capsule formed by enveloping cells. 2) The dendritic cilia are interconnected by desmosome-like junctions. 3) The 9 X 2+0 organization of the dendritic ciliary microtubules is maintained over the entire length of the cilia. 4) Neither a tubular body nor even so much as an inflation of the dendritic cilia develop. 5) Pores and pore tubules occur in the lower halves of the hairs. This uncommon combination of structural details renders the modality of the adequate stimulus uncertain. Though most features suggest a mechanoreceptor, the hairs could function as chemo , hygro- and/or thermoreceptors as well. PMID- 1122519 TI - The fine structure of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs of a lizard (Tiliqua scincoides scincoides). AB - Olfactory epithelium in Tiliqua scinoides is of a loosely packed pseudostratified type. It receives secretion from the supporting cells and the underlying glands of Bowman. Its surface bears microvilli and cilia from sensory cells and microvilli from supporting cells. The vomeronasal epithelium is also pseudostratified but higher and more closely packed. Its surface carries microville from sensory and supporting cells but lacks cilia. Vascular connective tissue penetrates it almost to the epithelial surface but is always outlined by basal cell processes and a basal lamina. There are no secretory cells in or under the sensory epithelium but some cells in the epithelium of the mushroom body contain secretion granules. Sensory cells of both epithelia are bipolar neurons. The perikarya of the vomeronasal cells are more neuronal in character. Axonic processes are similar in both, dendrites are distinctive. Olfactory dendrites end in rounded rods bearing microvilli and cilia of an unusual type. Microville with filamentous cores occur on vomeronasal dendrites. There are no cilia, but 2-6 centrioles appear below the cell surface. Basal cells are structurally similar in both epithelia, but axonic processes of olfactory cells are surrounded by supporting cell processes, while vomeronasal axonic processes are surrounded by basal cells before they leave the epithelium. The presence of cilia and microville on the surface of the sensory cells is discussed in relation to the physical conditions surrounding them. PMID- 1122520 TI - Functional states and fine structure of the contractile apparatus of the penis retractor muscle (PRM) of Helix pomatia L. AB - The ultrastructure of the isolated glycerinated penis retractor muscle (PRM) of Helix pomatia was investigated. The diameter distributions of thick myofilaments from birbre cross sections in the relaxed, phasic contracted, tonic contracted, and in the catch state.s show that a characteristic filament spectrum is formed in the catch state and its preceding active state. The significant structural differences are discussed in relation to earlier hypotheses related to the catch state PMID- 1122521 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the uptake of exogenous marker particles by different cell types in the guinea pig metaphysis. AB - Guinea pig metaphyseal bone was exposed to horse spleen ferritin in vitro and to colloidal thorium dioxide in vivo. The cellular uptake and intracellular accumulation of these marker particles were studied ultrastructurally. In vitro, the ferritin molecules were found to spread evely throughout the tissue. After 1 2 hours ferritin was mainly found in plasma membrane invaginations and in endocytic vesicles of varying size. At 4-6 hours a successive accumulation of the marker in secondary lysosomes could be observed. In addition to ferritin, the lysosomes and the large endocytic vesicles often contained other inclusions. In vivo, the pattern of intracellular accumulation of the marker particles was identical to that in vitro. Moreover, the presence within the cells of similar amounts of thorium dioxide after 1 and 4 days suggested that these indigestible molecules are stored intracellularly for a considerable time. In accordance therewith there were no definite signs of extrusion of labeled bodies or secretion of the exogenous marker by exocytosis. Ferritin and thorium dioxide were taken up by all cell types in the metaphysis. Both in vitro and in vivo perivascular cells type B ingested large amounts of marker particles, whereas chondroclasts, endothelial cells. perivascular cells type A and osteoblasts showed a more restricted endocytizing ability. On the basis of these observations, the functional significance of different cell types in the resorption of the epiphyseal cartilage and the formation of bone is discussed. PMID- 1122522 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the uptake of colloidal thorium dioxide particles by isolated fetal guinea-pig chondrocytes and the distribution of labeled lysosomes in cartilage formed by transplanted chondrocytes. AB - Chondrocytes isolated from fetal, guinea-pig epiphyses were grown in monolayer culture, exposed to thorium dioxide particles, and studied ultrastructurally after varying intervals. The exogenous marker was ingested by endocytosis and subsequently accumulated in lysosomes. After intramuscular injection into young guinea pigs, the thorium dioxide-labeled chondrocytes formed a typical hyaline cartilage. This consisted mainly of rounded or polygonal cells with large, eccentrically located nuclei. The cytoplasm showed an extensive granular endoplasmic reticulum and a well-developed Golgi complex, suggesting active synthesis and secretion of matrix components. Among the other cytoplasmic organelles, lysosomes containing variable amounts of marker particles were observed. After 2-3 weeks the transplants whowed signs of cellular degeneration and disintergration. During these processes, lysosomes remained structurally intact and, furthermore, retained the incorporated marker. Thus, thorium dioxide labeled bodies were found in former chondrocyte lucunae and in the intercellular substance proper. In the latter location labeled bodies could be observed in close proximity to early mineral deposits. These results are discussed with special special reference to the cellular origin and lysosomal nature of matrix vesicles in calcifying cartilages. PMID- 1122523 TI - Fine structural and cytochemical observations on lamellar bodies in nerve cells of the medulla oblongata of the rat. AB - Stuctures identified as lamellar bodies have observed in neurons of the dorsal sensory nucleus of the vagus of the rat medulla oblongata. They consist of stacks of parallel, regularly spaced cisternae which either run straight or curve forming a whorl. Finely textured, electron-dense fibrils are present between adjacent cisternae which are devoid of ribosomes. Ribosomes are attached only to the outermost surface of outer cisternae which are often continous with rough endoplasmic reticulum. Cytochemical studies reveal that these intercisternal fibrils contain abundant amino and imidazole groups as well as carboxyl groups. It is suggested that lamelar bodies arise by close alignment of parallel rough surfaced cisternae with subsqent loss of ribosomes from their surface. In addition, it is inferred that polar groups of intercisternal fibrils play an important role in the regular arrangement of cisternal membranes and in the dissociation of ribosomes from cisternae. PMID- 1122524 TI - Organ culture of adult guinea-pig intestine. III. Mitotic-activity and cellular migration. AB - The mitotic activity and the cellular migration have been studied in explants of adult guinea pig intestine cultured for 24 hours. The mitotic index after a significant increase in the first hours of culture, decreases steadily thereafter. The DNA synthesis persists in the crypts for 24 hours at least and cell migration can be observed. These results demonstrate that organ culture of adult intestine may be used as a model for the study of intestinal function. PMID- 1122526 TI - On the functions of the pore cells in the connective tissue of terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. AB - The fine structure of the pore cells in connective tissue in the kidney of Achatina achatina and the skin of the slug Arion hortensis is described and evidence is presented which shows that these cells, in the latter species, are involved in the synthesis of the respiratory blood pigment, haemocyanin. The involvement of these cells in phagocytosis of colloidal particles, was demonstrated following introduction of ferritin and colloidal gold into the blood. The extracellular coat which surrounds the cells is permeable to ferritin, but is impermeable to colloidal gold. Following penetration of the extracellular coat the ferritin enters the sub-surface cisternae and is taken into the cells where it crystallises within membrane-bound vesicles. PMID- 1122525 TI - Identification of the vasopressin-neurophysin producing neurons of the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei. AB - Immuno-enzyme histochemical investigations on the hypothalamus of the normal rat showed (1) that the suprachiasmatic nuclei produce vasopressin; (2) that it is highly probable that these nuclei do not produce oxytocin. From the present and previous investigations it may be concluded that the suprachiasmatic neurons produce a vasopressin-neurophysin complex. PMID- 1122527 TI - Lymphocyte differentiation and antibody synthesis in the secondary immune response of peroxidase stimulated lymph nodes of rat. AB - Lymphocyte differentiation and specific antibody synthesis were studied in the course of the secondary immune response of horseradish-peroxidase immunized rat popliteal lymph nodes by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. From primary immunization, mature plasma cells containing specific antibody remained as long as 10 months. Antihorseradish peroxidase antibodies were localized in lymphocytic blast cells on Day 3 after restimulation with antigen. In the subsequent days blast cells were still present, and shifting to mature stages occured. During immunocyte differentiation and maturation vesicles and tubules of the Golgi complex became filled with specific antibody suggesting occasional secretion of antibody via the Golgi apparatus. At very mature cell stages, antibody was accumulated in distended cisternae. PMID- 1122528 TI - The neurosecretory cells of the optic lobe in Carcinus maenas (L). AB - The six types of neurosecretory cell in the optic lobe of Carcinus maenas described by light microscopy are recognised by electron microscopy. They are categorised according to size, distribution of organelles and type of neurosecretory product. The neuro-secretory material,produced as granules by the Golgi bodies, migrates to the cell periphery eventually reaching the sinus gland via the neurosecretory cell axon extension. No change in size occurs in the granules but the density does alter. Each cell type has its own characteristic type of neurosecretory granule based on size and electron density. Multivesicular and lytic bodies in cell types 1,2,3,4 and 6 suggest a cycle for degrading neurosecretory material. Such a cycle is not so evident in cell type 5. Peripheral release of neurosecretory material is suggested for cell type 6 although the fate of the material is unknown. PMID- 1122529 TI - The differentiation of the acrosome in the spermatid of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). AB - The development of the acrosome of the budgerigar spermatid was studied under the electronmicroscope. The acrosome arises from a granule derived from the Golgi apparatus which interacts with the nucleus to form a cone shaped acrosomal cap and a perforatorium. A quanity of cytoplasm and plasma membrane is captured from the cell periphery and incorporated into the substance of the acrosome. The possible significance of the developmental phases and comparative avian spermatology is discussed. PMID- 1122530 TI - Distribution and dimension of the T-system in different muscle fiber types in the atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.). AB - Triad density relative to sarcomeres, size of T-system tubules, sarcomere length, muscle fiber diameter in native and fixed states, and size of myofibrils were measured in four straited muscle fiber types in Atlantic hagfishes (Myxine glutinosa, L.) of different sizes. Traids occur at A/I-injunctions in all fiber types. The density of traids relative to sarcomeres is higher in "white" than in "red" muscle fibers. The T-tubules show no sign of branching. The area of the T system tubules is 3-4 times the surface area in 80 mum "white" muscle fibers and 1-2 times that in 60 mum "red" fibers. The size of myofibrils is similar in "white", "intermediate", and "red" fibers of m. parietalis, and constant through a large span of animal size. In "white" fibers, increase in diameter up to 90 mum is accompanied by an increase in the number of myofibrils, not by an increase in the individual size of the myofibrils. Above 90 mum, "white" fibers grow by increasing the amount of intermyofibrillar space. This is reflected by an extensive shrinkage of the thicker "white" fibers during the preparative procedure for electron microscopy, a shrinkage that is limited only by complete packing of the myofibrils. "Red" fibers shrink much less. PMID- 1122531 TI - Presence of neurophysin and vasopressin in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei of rats homozygous and heterozygous for diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain) as revealed by immunoperoxidase history. AB - The 3-layer immunoperoxidase-bridge technique was used to study the distribution of neurophysin and vasopressin in the neurosecretory neurons of rats homozygous and heterozygous for diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain). In the homozygous rats there was a marked hypertrophy of the hypothalamic magnocellular structures when stained either for neurosecretory material or neurophysin-like antigens. Neurophysin was present in both the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of homozygous and heterozygous animals. Less than half of the cells in the PVN and SON were stained for neurophysin. This observation was less apparent when histochemical stains were used to visualize the distribution of neurosecretory material. Although it is generally considered that the homozygous Brattleboro rat does not synthesize vasopressin, a positive reaction was observed in the PVN and SON when anti-[8-lysine]-vasopressin serum was employed in the immunohistochemical procedure. PMID- 1122532 TI - Effects of hypoxia on the distribution of calcium in arterial smooth muscle cells of rats and swine. AB - Exposure to hypoxia caused an increase in the hematocrit and right heart weight of experimental rats, but did not affect calcium-45 uptake by pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. However, autoradiographic studies showed that hypoxia apparently caused a shift of 45-Ca from primarily extracellular sites in arteries of control rats to intracellular sites in tissues of hypertensive rats. Cytochemical studies of calcium distributions in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells support the autoradiographic data and show that in both rats and swine the majority of pyroantimonate granules occur extracellulary in control tissues. In contrast, hypoxic tissues displayed a greatly reduced number of granules in extracellular sites and an increase in the amount of precipitate in intracellular sites. In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from hypoxic rats most of the precipitate was associated with the caveolae intracellulares, while in corresponding cells from hypoxic swine in the majority of the pyroantimonate granules were localized to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Hypoxia may produce pulmonary hypertension by interfering with the ability of the arterial smooth muscle cells to maintain transmembrane ionic gradients, thus producing an effective increase in cytoplasmic calcium levels. The increased calcium may then activate the contractile apparatus to produce a sustained vasoconstriction PMID- 1122534 TI - The structure of the tapetum of the eye of the sheep. AB - The structure of the tapetum of the sheep's eye has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. It consists of regularly arranged layers of collagen fibrils, estimated from the hydroxyproline content to make up about 60 percent of the dry weight of the tissue. There are several hundred of these layers in the whole depth, a majority being oriented in the same direction. The collagen is associated with strands of microfibrillar material as well as with cells of both fibrocyte and smooth muscle types. PMID- 1122533 TI - Catecholamine fluorescence in the pituitary of the eel, Anguilla anguilla, with special reference to its variation during background adaptation. AB - In the neuro-intermediate lobe (NIL) of the eel, Anguilla anguilla, a specific formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, indicating a catecholamine (CA) innervation, has been demonstrated in the neural lobe processes. Microspectrofluorimetric analyses and pharmacological treatments indicate noradrenaline or dopamine or both to be responsible for the fluorescence. The fluorescence in the NIL has displayed a definite tendency toward variation during the adaptation to a white and to a black background. The highest amounts of fluorescence were generally found in animals adapted to a black background, especially when adapted for a rather long period, and in animals recently transferred to a white background. The lowest amounts of fluorescence were generally found in animals adapted to a white background. This and the result of injections of CA-depleting drugs suggest that the monoaminergic nerves are active when the animal is on a white background, inhibiting the MSH release directly or indirectly or both, or in co operation with other factors. Specific green fluorescent structures were also found in other parts of the neural lobe supplying the pars distalis. In some pharmacologically untreated specimens and in animals treated with CA-depleting drugs, the intermedia cells fluoresced. Microspectrofluorimetric analyses indicated that this fluorophore was not a CA. PMID- 1122535 TI - An ultrastructural quantitative method for the evaluation of the permeability to horseradish peroxidase of cerebral cortex endothelial cells of the rat. AB - A quantitative method for the evaluation of the importance of pinocytotic phenomena in cerebral cortex capillaries is proposed. The method involved the counting of labeled "caveolae intracellulares" in endothelia cells with the use of horseradish peroxidase as a tracer molecule. A mean pinocytotic value per capillary is then computed. It is demonstrated that the value obtained after irradiation of the brain is higher than in control animals. This information may provide an ultrastructural quantitative approach to the analysis of the blood brain barrier and of other problems related to vascular permeability of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 1122536 TI - Structure and ultrastructure of the pituitary gland in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus at different stages in its life cycle. AB - The structure and fine structure of the pituitary gland in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., are described at all major stages in the life cycle. Synthetically active adenohypophysial cells are evident in even the smallest ammocoetes examined (body length 2.5 cm). An attempt is made to correlate changes in the activity of pituitary cell types with biological events. In the neurohypophysis a single fibre type was discriminated in electron micrographs. This contained electron-dense cytoplasmic granules 800 to 1600 A in diameter. PMID- 1122537 TI - Ultrastructure of pars nervosa and pars intermedia of the Lamprey, Lampetra tridentata. AB - The pars intermedia of the adult lamprey is separated by perivascular spaces and a capillary plexus from the pars nervosa. No penetration of nerve fibers into the pars intermedia was found. The pars nervosa, which constitutes the posterior wall of the infundibulum, consists of an ependymal layer and a fuchsinophilic fiber layer; the latter contains at least four different types of axonal endings. The pars intermedia is avascular and is composed of a small proportion of non secretory cells and a large proportion of secretory cells. The secretory granules in the cells of the pars intermedia seem to be discharged toward the capillaries that separate the pars intermedia from the pars nervosa. Although no direct nervous or vascular connections were found between the pars nervosa and pars intermedia, a mechanism of control of secretory activity in the pars intermedia cells by the central nervous system appears likely. PMID- 1122538 TI - Ultrastructure of nerve plexus in flatworms. II. Sites of synaptic interactions. AB - Synaptic components from the peripheral nervous system of the polyclad flatworm. Notoplana acticola, are described from electron microscopic observations. Quasi neuropile, defined as clusters of neurites containing synaptic vesicles, occurs as scattered islands among the peripheral nerve cords of the plexus. Some neurite clusters only contain one type of synaptic vesicle but others are mixed. The most usual synaptic configuration consists of a single presynaptic element and a pair of postsynaptic neurites sharing a common synaptic cleft. These synapses are polarized and contain clear, 420 A vesicles. GABA-type synapses are also found. At least two kinds of solid-core vesicles also occur. PMID- 1122539 TI - Acid phosphatase localization in neurons of Bulla gouldiana (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia. AB - The organization of the ganglia and the ultrastructure of the neurons of Bulla gouldiana are similar to those described for other molluscs. Acid phosphatase positive reactions were found in the large pigmented granules, small dense bodies, multivesicular bodies, and Golgi lamellae and associated vesicles. The small dense bodies and multivesicular bodies may be stages in the formation of the larger pigmented granules which are interpreted as lysosomes. Comparison is made between the pigmented granules in Bulla and the lipofuscin bodies of vertebrate neurons. The possible involvement of these pigmented granules in the hyperpolarization of Bulla and Aplysia neurons to light is discussed. PMID- 1122540 TI - The fine structure and innervation of gill lamellae in Anodonta. AB - Gill lamellae of a bivalve Anodonta woodiana lauta (v. Martens) were observed by electron microscopy. The Anodonta gill wall consists of a single layer of epithelial cells, its basal lamina and the underlying connective tissue layer. It was confirmed that there is no true endothelium in the vessels and that the connective tissue layer of the vessel wall is therefore in direct contact with the blood. Cells of a specific type referred to as "trabecular cells" lie in the blood lacunae. These cells closely resemble the pillar cells of fish gills, but show certain fundamental differences. Characteristic features of the trabecular cells are (1) an elongated cell body which lies across the vascular lumen and attaches to the vessel wall by means of the tips of their long processes, (2) two types of myofilaments (thick and thin) in the cytoplasm, (3) external dense plaques at the cell surface which are associated with the insertion of myofilaments into the cell membrane, (4) direct contact between the cell surface and the blood except at the regions where the cell is covered by external plaques and connective tissue fibrils. These facts suggest that the Anodonta trabecular cell is not analogous with the pillar cell of fish gills but rather with muscle cells which show a specific morphological modification and a peculiar relationship to the vessel wall due to the absence of the endothelium. These cells are assumed to regulate blood flow within the gill vessels. As to the permeability of the wall of Anodonta gill vessels, junctional complex consisting of an intermediate and a septate junction between adjacent gill epithelial cells probably plays the main role as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding water. The basal lamina underlying the gill epithelium is assumed to act as a coarse permeability barrier. Numerous nerve endings of unknown function are observed in the gill epitheliu. It is strongly suggested, however, that they are associated with the additional function of the Anodonta gill lamellae as a food sorting device. PMID- 1122541 TI - Nerve endings in rat carotid body. AB - The carotid body of the rat consists of "glomera" interspersed by blood vessels and nerve bundles. Each "glomus" consists of 2-12 Type I cells, incompletely invested by 1-3 Type II cells. Type I cells are characterised by the presence of numerous dense cored vesicles in their cytoplasm and may exhibit "synaptic" -like contacts with each other. Small efferent nerve endings make synaptic contact with one or more Type I cells. Large cup-shaped afferent nerve endings make multiple synaptic contacts of two kinds with one or more Type I cells. A second kind of efferent nerve ending is occasionally seen in synaptic contact with one of these afferent nerve endings. A model for the mode of operation of the glomus as a chemoreceptor is proposed. PMID- 1122542 TI - Pituitary cell activities in gonadectomized rats treated with estrogen. AB - The incorporation of 14C-leucine into LTH and STH, the uptake of 3H-estradiol into the pituitary and the appearance of the LTH and LH cells were studied in male and female rats gonadectomized at the age of 30 days and chronically treated with estradiol (E). The biosynthesis of LTH in the pituitary of ovariectomized rats was decreased 15 and 60 days after the operation to the level of intact males. This decrease is followed by the reduction of the number of immunochemically stained LTH producing cells. Chronical administration of estradiol stimulated the LTH synthesis and maximal incorporation of 14C-leucine was obtained in ovariectomized rats. Maximal relative increase of labeled LTH was noticed in the pituitaries of intact male rats treated with E. STH synthesis is inhibited by treatment with E and maximal decrease was obtained in intact males. The luteinizing LH cells were still hypertrophic in the pituitaries of gonadectomized E treated rats, but the number of castration cells was reduced. On the basis of these results we can conclude that the castration of 30-day-old rats of both sexes does not alter the sex difference in the reaction of LTH and STH cells to estradiol. PMID- 1122543 TI - Microbodies of the rat renal proximal tubule: ultrastructural and cytochemical investigations. AB - The present study was undertaken to provide a detailed morphological and cytochemical characterization of the microbodies of the rat renal proximal tubule following perfusion fixation. The following observations were made: 1) Two basic types of microbodies (Mb-I and Mb-II) can be identified. Mb-I have both circular and tubular profiles which are located peripherally within the granular matrix of these microbodies. Mb-II have marginal plates and crystalloid inclusion in addition to circular and tubular profiles. 2) Circular and tubular profiles, 100 nm in diameter, described by previous investigators as being infrequent in occurrence, are the most consistent morphological characteristic of rat renal microbodies after perfusion fixation. These profiles have a homogeneous center surrounded by a double or single ring of granules. The uniform size and spacing of these granules within profiles establish a basic 100 A periodicity found in both types of microbodies. 3) Evidence is presented which suggests that both "nucleoids" and "tubular protrusion rods" as described by other investigators of the rat renal microbodies may result from poor fixation and/or osmotic stress. 4) The density of the matrix of Mb-I is, in contrast to previous reports, greater than the density of adjacent mitochondria. 5) Marginal plates or crystalloid inclusions were demonstrated in some microbodies (Mb-II) of all the rats studied; periodicities of 100, 200, and 300 A were identified within these structures. 6) Both types of microbodies were positive for catalase activity, but were negative for acid phosphatase activity. On the basis of both morphological and cytochemical criteria, it seems plausible that these two populations of renal microbodies (Mb-I and Mb-II) represent a morphological and functional continuum. PMID- 1122544 TI - Ciliated sensory neurons in the lip of the squid Lolliguncula brevis Blainville. AB - The lip of Lolliguncula brevis is a muscular fold covered by a simple columnar epithelium and overlayed medially and distally by a non-cellular cuticle. Bipolar sensory cells in the epithelium have a shallow pocket with cilia and microvilli at the free end of their dendrite. The cilia project out onto the surface through pores in the cuticle. Cells with intracellular cilia were observed below the epithelium. These cells send a process toward the surface of the lip. These two receptors are compared to the receptors previously described from the lip of Sepia. PMID- 1122545 TI - Ciliated sensory cells and associated neurons in the lip of Octopus joubini Robson. AB - The lip of Octopus joubini is a fleshy fold around the beak that is subdivided distally into finger-like papillae and overlayed by an uninterrupted noncellular cuticle. The muscular core of the lip has a high proportion of nervous tissue. The simple epithelium contains numerous ciliated sensory cells, especially in the papillae. In many of these cells the cilia lie deep within the cytoplasm and usually appear to extend toward the surface. Receptors with intracellular cilia also lie below the epithelium and send dendrites bearing cilia to the surface. Large unipolar interneurons that may receive synapses from the ciliated receptors lie in the musculature near the papillae. The sensory system of the octopus lip is more advanced than that of the squid, and it is very similar to that of Sepia. The relationship of these findings to the phylogeny and ecology of cephalopods is discussed. PMID- 1122546 TI - Graphic-digitizer analysis of axon spectra in ethmoidal and lingual branches of the trigeminal nerve. AB - Sections were removed from the lingual and ethmoidal nerves of cats and histologically prepared, and the fibers were analyzed under the light microscope. Neural dimensions were measured by a new technique, employing a graphic digitizer and computer. The outline of a neural structure was traced with the digitizer pen, and the total number of axons, their cross-sectional areas, shapes, diameter spectra, and locations within the nerve were calculated. Both nerves had unimodal axon spectra with the peak between 2 and 6 mum diameter. Differences in axon composition occurred over the diameter range of 9 to 20 mum; the lingual nerve had many axons in this range, the ethmoidal nerve only a few. The total number of myelinated axons was near 4000 in the lingual nerve, near 1400 in the ethmoidal nerve; only the latter had many large-sized Remak bundles (containing C-fibers). Most myelinated axons were not perfectly circular but exhibited various degrees of distortion. PMID- 1122547 TI - On the fine structure of the external glial layer in the isocortex of man. AB - The surface of the external glial layer of the isocortex in the human temporal lobe is generally slightly undulated, with a few protrusions and indentations. The surface is formed by an uninterrupted basement membrane which is continuous over the surface no matter how tortuous it becomes. The overall thickness of the glial layer is generally 15 to 25 mum, but diminishes to about 5 mum immediately beneath blood vessels. It consists mainly of a variable number of stacked glial cell processes. Two groups of cell bodies are encountered particularly in the middle and lower levels of the glial layer. Most of the cells are specialized fibrous astrocytes. They are characterized by eccentrically placed, rounded nuclei with homogeneously dispersed chromatin, and electron-lucent cytoplasm rich in filaments. Lipofuscin pigment granules occupy large areas of the perikaryon. The astroglial cells give rise to four types of processes: foot-processes, tangential and radial processes, and processes irregular in outline. The foot processes ascend towards the cortical surface and terminate as flat expansions spreading out immediately beneath the basement membrane. Contiguous terminal expansions are connected by gap junctions. The individual profiles are irregular in form and fit together like in a jig-saw puzzle. The plasmalemma beneath the basement membrane is underlined by a fuzzy material, which is penetrated by glial filaments. In the terminal expansions individual or groups of mitochondria are abundant. The tangential processes are straight and slender and form a lattice within the middle and deep level of the external glial layer. They contain numerous filaments, evenly distributed or fasciculated. The remainder of the lattice is filled up by a considerable number of processes irregular in outline and varying greatly in size. They contain fewer filaments than the tangential processes, coursing in all directions, and glycogen particles. In both types of processes only a few mitochondria are present. These processes are also connected by gap junctions and desmosomes, too. Large cytoplasmic areas of astroglial cells localized in the deepest portion of the glial layer protrude into the neuropil of the molecular layer, giving rise to several radiate processes, which extend deeper into the cortex. The second, heterogeneous group of cell bodies is characterized by elongated nuclei, ovoid or irregular in outline, which are smaller than those of astroglial cells, and contain blocks of condensed chromatin; a thin cytoplasmic rim generating a few appendages surrounds the nucleus. The first sub-type is characterized by a nucleus with large chromatin blocks bordering the inner nuclear membrane and a medium-dense cytoplasmic matrix. The second sub-type displays smaller chromatin condensations at the inner nuclear membrane and many microtubules are scattered throughout an electron lucent cytoplasm. PMID- 1122548 TI - The postnatal development of the sexually dimorphic duct system and of amylase activity in the submandibular glands of mice. AB - The submandibular glands of developing and mature Strong A mice were studied by light and electron microscopy. The glands of both sexes show the same cell types during development, but during maturation the glands display a degree of sex dimorphism. Striated ducts, which differentiate from the larger intralobular ducts present in the neonatal gland, first appear by 5 days of age and reach their mature condition by 20 days of age. Granular convoluted tubule cells, which differentiate from striated duct cells, are first seen at 15 days of age in both sexes. Subsequently, they show a more rapid development in males than in females, and are dimorphically represented by 20 days of age. Intercalated ducts in the neonatal gland contain nongranular and granular cells. With maturation the number of granular cells decreases, apparently due to their conversion into the nongranular type, with their eventual disappearance from the glands of adult males. Their retention in adult females further defines the sexual dimorphism shown by these glands. Amylase activity in gland homogenates is first detectable at 20 days of age in both sexes. During development the male glands show a rapid rise in levels of amylase activity, whereas female glands show a more gradual rise. In mature animals, male glands have higher levels of amylase activity than female glands. The developmental and adult status of amylase activity parallels that of the granular convoluted tubules. PMID- 1122549 TI - Oral oxamniquine in the treatment of persistent Schistosoma mansoni bilharziasis. PMID- 1122550 TI - Gas contrast radiography in the diagnosis of splenic haematoma. PMID- 1122551 TI - Initial experience with an endemic disease register. PMID- 1122552 TI - New horizons in neurosurgery. PMID- 1122553 TI - The size of fibroin messenger RNA and its polyadenylic acid content. AB - The molecular weight of fibroin messenger RNA has been measured by its contour length in the electron microscope and its electrophoretic mobility under conditions of complete denaturation. These methods give values of 5.6 times 10-6 and 6.0 times 10-6 daltons, respectively. The average molecular weight of 5.8 times 10-6 (1.6 times 10-4 base residues) would be expected to code for a protein of 414,000 daltons, a value about 12 percent larger than the most recently published size for fibroin. When the mRNA is prepared carefully to avoid shear breakage, it is as homogeneous in size as ribosomal RNA. Between 43 percent and 81 percent of the mRNA molecules bind to oligo(dT)-cellulose and are presumed to contain a poly(A) sequence. This sequence, isolated after ribonuclease digestion, comprises about 0.6 percent of the molecule, or an estimated 100 nucleotides. The poly(A) has been localized at the end of the molecule by hybridizing with a small poly (dT:dA) piece and subsequent visualization by electron microscopy. This observation, along with the ability of reverse transcriptase to transcribe fibroin mRNA with an oligo(dT) primer, demonstrates that the poly(A) is at the 3' end of the mRNA. PMID- 1122554 TI - Structural genes adjacent to interspersed repetitive DNA sequences. AB - The observation that repetitive and single copy sequences are interspersed in animal DNAs has suggested that repetitive sequences are adjacent to single copy structural gene sequences. To test this concept, single copy DNA sequences contiguous to interspersed repetitive sequences were prepared from sea urchin DNA by hydroxyapatite fractionation (repeat-contiguous DNA fraction). These single copy sequences included about one third of the total nonrepetitive sequence in the genome as determined by the amounts recovered during the hydroxyapatite fractionation and by reassociation kinetics. 3H-labeled mRNA from sea urchin gastrula was prepared by puromycin release from polysomes and used in DNA-driven hybridization reactions. The kinetics of mRNA hybridization reactions with excess whole DNA were carefully measured, and the rate of hybridization was found to be 3-5 times slower than the corresponding single copy DNA driver reassociation rate. The mRNA hybridized with excess repeat-contiguous DNA with similar kinetics relative to the driver DNA. At completion 80 percent of that mRNA hybridizable with whole DNA (approximately 65 percent) had reacted with the repeat-contiguous DNA fraction (50 percent). This result shows that 80-100 percent of the mRNA molecules present in sea urchin embryos are transcribed from single copy DNA sequences adjacent to interspersed repetitive sequences in the genome. PMID- 1122555 TI - Individual histone messenger RNAs: identification by template activity. AB - Newly synthesized polysomal messenger RNAs from cleavage stage embryos of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus pictus that contain putative histone mRNAs have been fractionated on 6% polyacrylamide slab gels. At least 8 RNA species with unique electrophoretic mobilities have been recognized. The complex of RNAs has been eluted from the gels in three groups, A, B, and C, in increasing order of mobility. The template activity of the three fractions and the unfractionated starting material was examined in the mouse Krebs II ascites tumor cell-free protein synthesizing system. The unfractionated messenger complex programs the synthesis of proteins that co-electrophorese exclusively with sea urchin histones in both sodium dodecyl sulfate and acid urea gel systems. The products of in vitro protein systhesis stimulated by the individual polyacrylamide gel RNA fractions were similarly examined. Each stimulated protein synthesis and was enriched for specific histone templates. We conclude that RNA fraction A is template for histone f1, C is template for histone f2a1, and B serves as template for f2b, f2a2, and f3 histones. A minor degree of contamination of the A and B RNA fractions was obvious from the production of other histones by each template. The co-electrophoresis of specific template activity with specific radiolabeled RNAs supports the concept that most or all of the labeled RNAs are indeed themselves the histone mRNAs. PMID- 1122556 TI - Abrin and hurin: two new lymphocyte mitogens. AB - Two plant proteins, abrin from the seed of Abrus precatorius and hurin from the seed of Hura crepitans, are potent lymphocyte mitogens. The extent of stimulation of BALB/C AND CBA strain mouse spleens by these factors is significantly greater than that attained with PHA or PWM and requires thymus-derived lymphocytes. Abrin has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, physically characterized, and may undergo conversion from a toxic to mitogenic form. Hurin is the best mitogen we have tested. PMID- 1122557 TI - Effects of cycloheximide on the "autocatalytic" nature of the maturation promoting factor (MPF) in oocytes of Xenopus laevis. AB - It is shown that a factor arising during the course of maturation in amphibian oocytes is by itself capable of inducing maturation when injected into recipient oocytes even after a series of 10 transfers. The mechanism of action of this phenomenon is shown to be under translational control. Experiments using cycloheximide suggest that MPF does not need protein synthesis for germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), but does require a translational step when serially transferred in order to sustain its renewal ("autocatalytic") capacity. It is further shown that oocytes of Xenopus laevis lend themselves to an in vitro system, since when matured under the action of some steroids (progesterone or hydrocortisone), they are capable of supporting functional maturation with cleavage and development after having received a transplanted blastula nucleus. PMID- 1122558 TI - Electron microscopic and biochemical evidence that chromatin structure is a repeating unit. AB - Electron microscopic and biochemical studies demonstrate that the fundamental structure of chromatin depleted of lysine-rich histones is composed of a flexible chain of spherical particles (nucleosomes), about 125 A in diameter, connected by DNA filaments. Such a chromatin preparation can be separated by centrifugation into two fractions which differ in the spacing of the nucleosomes; In one fraction almost all of the DNA is condensed in nucleosomes, while the other fraction contains long stretches of free DNA connecting regions where the nucleosomes are closely packed. The isolated nucleosomes contain about 200 base pairs of DNA and the four histones F2alpha1, F2alpha2, and F2b, and F3 in an overall histone/DNA ratio of 0.97; In such a structure the DNA is compacted slightly more than five times from its extended length; The same basic structure can be visualized in chromatin spilling out of lysed nuclei. However, in this latter case the nucleosomes are very closely packed, suggesting that histone F1 is involved in the superpacking of DNA in chromosomes and nuclei. The chromatin fiber appears to be a self-assembling structure, since the nucleosomal arrangement can be reconstituted in vitro from DNA and the four histones F2alpha1, F2alpha2, F2b and F3 only, irrespective of their cellular origin. PMID- 1122559 TI - Analysis of drosophila mRNA by in situ hybridization: sequences transcribed in normal and heat shocked cultured cells. AB - Messenger RNA transcribed in cultured Drosophila cells adapted for growth under conditions permitting labeling to high specific acitivty has been analyzed by the technique of in situ hybridization. Poly(A)-containing cytoplasmic RNA binds specifically and reproducibly to about 50 bands in the salivary gland polytene chromosomes. In addition heavy labeling of the beta-heterochromatin associated with each of the chromosome arms is observed. The species which are detected probably belong to the more abundant classes of RNA. When the cultured Drosophila cells are subjected to heat shock immediately before labeling with 3H-uridine, there is a drastic alteration in the pattern of gene transcription detected by in situ hybridization. Most of the mRNA synthesis which could be detected in the normal cell is shut off. Newly synthesized RNA hybridizes strongly to seven new sites which do not bind mRNA from control cells. The new loci correspond almost exactly to the regions of Drosophila polytene chromosomes which puff when intact larvae are subjected to an identical heat treatment. PMID- 1122560 TI - The action of arachidonic acid on experimental hypertension in the rat. AB - Keeping in mind the vasodilator action of prostaglandins, the control that they exercise over the vascular supply of kidneys and the sympathetic activity, research was conducted in order to establish the effect of arachidonic acid, the precursor of PGE2, on experimental hypertension in the rat. The experimental hypertension was induced by unilateral nephrectomy, followed by the administration of DOCA and the elevated sodium diet. The treatment was short in one group, long in the other, and both groups were compared to a control hypertensive group which received no treatment at all. Arachidonic acid worsened the experimental hypertension by 37% in the long treatment, and by 25% in the short treatment. The administration of lysine-acetylsalicylate diminished this hypertension. A non-saturated acid, oleic acid, which is not involved in prostaglandin synthesis, has no action. The authors would like to emphasize that in one of the previous experiments, L-tyrosine, the precursor of catecholamines, diminished the experimental hypertension in the rat, and also that L-DOPA and IMAO (MAOI) have comparable effects. It seems, therefore, that the depression of the central catecholaminergic activity, which is supposed to be the action of arachidonic acid via an increase in the PGE2 synthesis, appears to increase hypertension. It is noteworthy that the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is catecholaminergic and that the periventricular system (PVS) is cholinergic. Thus hypertension may represent the peripheral vascular response to anguish which results from the activation of PVS and from the depression of MFB. PMID- 1122561 TI - Induced synthesis of metallothionein by pig kidney cells in vitro in response to cadmium. AB - Cells of a line (K7), derived from the cortex of the adult pig kidney, synthesize and accumulate high levels of metallothionein when grown in vitro in the presence of low concentrations (0.5 mug/ml) of Cd2+. This indicates that the accumulation of this protein in the kidneys of animals exposed to cadmium is due at least partly to synthesis in situ, and not solely to uptake by the renal cells of metallothionein produced by the liver. It is suggested that the ability to synthesize large amounts of metallothionein indicates the tubular origin of the cells of this line. PMID- 1122562 TI - Urinary enzymes and kidney damage by aspirin and phenacetin. AB - Two groups of rats were given aspirin and phenacetin in their food at daily doses similar to those taken by humans suffering from analgesic abuse. Both drugs damaged the kidney proximal tubules although phenacetin affected the kidney more severely than aspirin. At the start of the experiment aspirin increased the urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) while phenacetin raised the excretion of all four enzymes studies (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), LDH indicating generalised cellular injury. Subsequent samples of urine collected from rats up to seven weeks showed normal urinary enzyme levels. The value of urinary enzyme measurements in detecting renal damage by drugs is discussed. PMID- 1122563 TI - Alterations in hepatic drug metabolism and lipid peroxidation during administration of Baygon, a pesticide. AB - Biochemical studies during low- and high-dose administration of Baygon (a pesticide) to young male rats were performed. It was observed that the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes were decreased even at a low dose of Baygon and the decrease was much more significant during high-dose injections. Lipid peroxidation was increased with a low dose and the increase was much more pronounced with a high dose. Besides these changes the animals showed physical changes such as salivation, fasciculations, etc. The presence of conjugated diene absorption patterns and malonaldehyde formation indicated the in vivo lipid peroxidation dut to Baygon administration. Toxic effects leading to death were noted when the animals were injected with a high dose of the pesticide, Baygon above 25 mg/kg. PMID- 1122564 TI - Characterization of docosa-4,15-sphingadienine and 4-hydroxy-docosa-15 sphingenine in sphingophosphonolipids from Turbo cornutus by gas chromatography mass spectrometry;. PMID- 1122565 TI - A model of lateral diffusion in phosphatide bilayers and natural membranes. AB - Lateral diffusion of phosphatide molecules in liquid crystalline bilayers has been analysed as a case of co-operative lattice diffusion. The potential energy of interaction between two molecules is assumed to arise from Van der Waals interactions of the hydrocarbon chains, and to have the form suggested by Salem [6]. From the observed values of the self-diffusion constant (of the order of 10 8 cm2sec-1) the depth of the potential "well" for two molecules at the equilibrium separation was estimated to have a lower limit of 1.95 kcal per mole, and the energy barrier to lateral motion was estimated to have an upper limit of 7.21 kcal per mole. PMID- 1122566 TI - Lipids in plant tissue cultures. IV. The characteristic patterns of lipid classes in callus cultures and suspension cultures. AB - Lipids from callus cultures and suspension cultures of higher plants constitute 5 to 8% of the dry tissue's weight. The predominant lipid classes are the sterols, steryl esters, steryl glycosides and esterified steryl glycosides. Considerable amounts of a variety of sterylglycolipids, whose structures are not completely elucidated, are also present. Triglycerides and phospholipids occur in small proportions, whereas monogalactosyl diglycerides, digalactosyl diglycerides and sulfoquinovosyl diglycerides are present only in traces, if at all. Beta Sitosterol is the predominant constituent sterol, stigmasterol and campesterol as well as a variety of as yet unidentified sterols occur in smaller proportions. The major constituent fatty acids are palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Saturated very long-chain fatty acids are found in smaller proportions. Unusual fatty acids, such as epoxy acids, which occur in the seed lipids of certain plants, are not found in tissue cultures derived from these plants. Clucose and traces of galactose are the only sugars obtained by acid hydrolysis of the glycolipids occurring in plant tissue cultures. PMID- 1122567 TI - Calorimetric and freeze-etch study of the influence of Mg2+ on the thermotropic behaviour of phosphatidylglycerol. AB - In the presence of Mg2+ ions phosphatidylglycerol shows supercooling which leads to the formation of a metastable gel phase. This contrasts with the behaviour of this negatively charged phospholipid in the presence of Ca2+ ions (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 39. (1974)432)9 It is demonstrated that the heat content of this phospholipid is dependent on the ionic environment. PMID- 1122568 TI - Arterial impedance as ventricular afterload. PMID- 1122569 TI - Intimal ultrastructure of human umbilical arteries. Observations on arteries from newborn children of smoking and nonsmoking mothers. AB - The umbilical artery was chosen as a possible model for evaluating the vascular injury provoked by tobacco smoking in humans. Cords from newborn children delivered by 15 nonsmoking and 13 smoking mothers were studied in the transmission and the scanning electron microscope. Pronounced intimal changes were seen in the arteries from smoking mothers; the most important findings were degenerative changes of the endothelium such as swelling, blebbing, contraction, and subsequent opening of the endothelial junctions with formation of subendothelial edema. Other observations included dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum in the endothelium and reparative changes such as a considerable widening of the basement membrane. Since similar changes can be induced in arteries of animals by exposure to carbon monoxide or perfusion with nicotine, we conclude that the present study supports the concept that tobacco smoking is harmful to the vascular endothelium. This study also contributes to an understanding of the mechanism through which vascular injury is provoked in heavy smokers. PMID- 1122570 TI - Hypertension, transmural pressure, and vascular smooth muscle response in rats. AB - The effect of transmural pressure on the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle was studied using rats with chronic occlusion of one external iliac artery. The arterial pressure in the occluded leg was reduced to approximately half of that in the contralateral unoccluded leg. Helical strips from the low- and high pressure femoral arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats and rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate-induced (DOCA) hypertension were compared with corresponding tissues from normotensive controls. The sensitivity of both low- and high-pressure artery strips from the spontaneously hypertensive rat was greater than that of controls when strontium or lanthanum was used as the agonist. The sensitivity of strips from both low- and high-pressure arteries from the DOCA-hypertensive rat was greater than that of controls when potassium, epinephrine, or calcium was the agonist. There was no difference in sensitivity between strips from the low- and high-pressure arteries in any group of rats. Maximum contractile force (contractility) was reduced in femoral artery strips from both legs of all hypertensive rats. The KCl-induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle from both femoral arteries of either form of hypertensive rat was not as readily depressed by high calcium concentrations as was that from the normotensive rat. Changes in sensitivity and contractility associated with hypertension could not be reversed by lowering blood pressure in one leg of a spontaneously hypertensive rat or prevented by protecting one leg from high pressure prior to the induction of DOCA hypertension. The altered sensitivity and contractility of arterial strips in these models of hypertension are not, then, secondary to the increase in wall stress. PMID- 1122571 TI - Local cerebral blood volume determined by three-dimensional reconstruction of radionuclide scan data. AB - We developed a method to determine in man absolute values of local cerebral blood volume (LCBV) localized throughout the brain in three dimensions and presented in a cross-sectional picture format. Previously, absolute values of LCBV have been determined in vivo by stimulated X-ray fluorescence, but these determinations have been limited to one point in the brain at a time. All other previous estimates of LCBV by external emission counting have been contaminated by the significant contribution of blood in the overlying scalp and cranium. In our method, a transverse section scan is made after the injection of -99m-Tc-labeled red blood cells into a peripheral vein. Data processing then gives a point-to point estimate of absolute radionuclide concentration analogous to an autoradiograph. After the concentration of blood activity is determined, counting data are converted to a two-dimensional map of LCBV representing a cross section at a known level of the brain. In a series of five baboons, the following equation was obtained for the regression plane that relates LCBV in the center of the brain to arterial carbon dioxide tension (P-ALPHA-CO2) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP): LCBV equals 2.88 + 0.049P-ALPHA-CO2 MINUS 0.013MABP. In patients, LCBE values ranged from 2 to 4 ml/100 g depending on location; higher values corresponded to regions of cerebral cortex. Differences in blood volumes of focal brain lesions were also quantified. PMID- 1122572 TI - Effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on cerebral and cephalic blood flow in dogs. AB - The effect of sympathetic stimulation (stellate ganglion) on dog cerebral and cephalic blood flows was studied via a cervical or a thoracic approach to the stellate ganglion under sodium pentobarbital or chloralose anesthesia. Two different stimulation voltages (3v and 5v) of monophasic pulses were applied for 1 minute. Venous outflow was measured at the confluence of the sagittal, straight and lateral sinuses with the lateral sinuses occluded and with them patent. When the lateral sinuses were occluded, stellate ganglion stimulation resulted in a marked decrease in common carotid blood flow to 38 plus or minus 2.5% (SE) of control and dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, but cerebral blood flow did not change. Similar effects were observed with each of the anatomic approaches, anesthetics, and voltages used and in dogs with low cerebral vascular tone induced by hypercapnia. When the lateral sinuses were kept patent, sympathetic nerve stimulation decreased the venous outflow to 89 plus or minus 2.9% of control and clamping both of the external jugular veins increased venous outflow to 120 plus or minus 2.7% of control. When the lateral sinuses were kept patent and the extracranial venous pressure was increased by clamping both of the external jugular veins, the decrease in venous outflow in response to sympathetic stimulation was even larger: venous outflow was only 65 plus or minus 4.9% of control. We conclude that stimulation of the stellate ganglion has no effect on the cerebral vasculature. Sympathetic stimulation significantly decreases venous blood flow measured at the confluence of the sinuses only when communications between the intracranial and extracranial venous vasculatures are present. PMID- 1122573 TI - Inherited depression of arterial lipoamide dehydrogenase activity associated with susceptibility to atherosclerosis in pigeons. AB - The activity of lipoamide dehydorgenase (E.C.1.6.4.3) was measured in arterial homogenates from very young pigeons (5-8 weeks old) known to differ in their susceptibility to atherosclerosis. The activity of the arterial enzyme was significantly lower in the atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau pigeons than it was in the atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeons. Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha ketoglutarate multienzyme complexes. The first complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate via acetyl-CoA, and this reaction represents a crucial link between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. The second complex is essential for the oxidative breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids via the Krebs cycle. Reduced activity of these complexes, resulting from low activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase, favors reduction of pyruvate to lactate and a shift to glycolysis. This situation is in accord with other results obtained in avian and human arteries which appear to indicate a higher rate of glycolysis in atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerotic arteries. It appears that the increased dependence of the White Carneau arteries on glycolysis, suggested by the reduced lipoamide dehydrogenase activity, facilitates the development of atherosclerosis in this pigeon strain. PMID- 1122574 TI - Histamine potentiation of nerve- and drug-induced responses of a rabbit cerebral artery. AB - Rabbit basilar artery rings are normally relatively unresponsive to transmural stimulation of their sympathetic nerve supply. However, in the presence of histamine (0.55 muM), contractile responses to nerve stimulation were markedly increased. Norepinephrine and serotonin concentrations that produce 50% of a maximum contractile response (ED50) were considerably decreased in the presence of histamine; maximum responses to both norepinephrine and serotonin were increased. Although a prejunctional effecto of histamine has not been eliminated, potentiation of responses to transmural nerve stimulation is probably due to an increase in smooth muscle responsiveness to norepinephrine. In rabbit saphenous artery rings, histamine produced a qualitatively similar potentiation of responses to nerve stimulation, norepinephrine, and serotonin except that maximum responses were not increased. Serotonin (0.084 muM) did nog potentiate contractile responses of the basilar artery to transmural nerve stimulation or norepinephrine. Since histamine and serotonin are released from rabbit platelets in response to tissue injury the synergistic effect of these agents on vascular smooth muscle contraction might be advantageous in minimizing hemorrhage. But such a response could also be deleterious if the effects of these vasoconstrictors were prolonged. PMID- 1122575 TI - Simulation of action potential propagation in an inhomogeneous sheet of coupled excitable cells. AB - Cable theory and active equivalent circuits have been used to simulate the propagation of action potentials along a single nerve or muscle fiber by representing the cell as a unidimensional cable composed of isopotential segments. We extended this method to a two-dimensional sheet of cells which in many ways represents the atrium. Our method consisted of solving for the potential profile of a sheet composed of a large number of isopotential membrane patches, each of which was represented by an active equivalent circuit in which the ionic conductances were functions of voltage and time. The patches were arranged in a rectangular array with resistive interconnections that could be varied over the sheet. We used this model to study the effect of various inhomogeneities on conduction velocity and the resulting wave fronts in a sheet of excitable tissue. Some of these inhomogeneities included different effective internal resistances in the x and y directions, preferential pathways, and discrete regions of changing resistive connections. The results showed that very localized changes in membrane properties or cellular interconnections produce changes in the wave front over broad areas. This model provides a method for computing the wave fronts of action potential propagation in any two-dimensional inhomogeneous sheet of coupled excitable cells. PMID- 1122576 TI - Correlation between the response of the heart to sympathetic stimulation and the release of endogenous catecholamines into the coronary sinus of the dog. AB - The relationship between the increase in catecholamine levels of the coronary sinus blood and the amplitude of various cardiac responses to adrenergic nerve stimulation was studied in anesthetized dogs. Plasma catecholamine levels in both coronary sinus and aortic blood were measured by a modification of the radiometric enzymatic assay for tissue catecholamines and were found to be 0.622 plus or minus 0.104 (SE) ng/ml and 0.933 plus or minus 0.116 ng/ml, respectively, under basal conditions. The catecholamine levels in coronary sinus blood increased linearly during right cardioaccelerator nerve stimulation up to a frequency of 10 Hz. At this frequency, maximum values were observed in both coronary sinus blood catecholamine levels and cardiac responses. The correlation between the response in heart rate, mean coronary blood flow, and dP/dt of left ventricular pressure and the increase in endogenous catecholamine levels of coronary sinus blood was significant, but the relationship was nonlinear. The present experimental design may prove to be a reliable means of studying the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of cardiovascular function in vivo. PMID- 1122577 TI - Letter: The patient with cirrhosis and ascites vs. Guyton's theory of blood pressure regulation. PMID- 1122578 TI - Education of physicians in high blood pressure. Performance characteristics, learning objectives and evaluation approaches. PMID- 1122579 TI - The case of prevention of coronary heart disease. PMID- 1122580 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The problem, evaluation, and surgical correction. AB - Physiological studies of the type we have described, when performed in patients with the WPW syndrome, can yield diagnostic information regarding the mechanism of arrhythmia, demonstrate functional properties of therapeutic import, facilitate therapeutic decision-making about drug regimens and presumptively localize the site of pre-excitation as a basis for possible surgical intervention. Based on our experience, we feel that in selected patients, surgical correction of the WPW syndrome is entirely feasible, and can be accomplished in the majority of patients in whom free wall A-V connections are present. The continuing challenge of identification and correction of septal accessory pathways directs our present work with the WPW syndrome. PMID- 1122581 TI - Intraventricular conduction in man studied with an endocardial electrode catheter mapping technique. Patients with normal QRS and right bundle branch block. AB - The sequence of intraventricular conduction has been studied in a total of 60 patients, 38 of whom had normal QRS morphology and 37 of whom had right bundle branch block (RBBB) either present continuously or produced as functional aberrant RBBB by the introduction of atrial premature depolarizations or by rapid atrial pacing. Activation times were measured by intracardiac electrode catheters positioned at the right ventricular inflow tract (RVIT), right ventricular apex (RVA), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), left ventricular apex (LVA) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). The activation after beginning of QRS in milliseconds plus or minus 1 SD and the number of patients studied at each location were: RVIT--normal 23 plus or minus 13 (15 patients); RVIT-RBBB 49 plus or minus 16 (15 patients); RVA--normal 18 plus or minus 9 (28 patients); RVA-RBBB 54 plus or minus 16 (30 patients); RVOT--normal 40 plus or minus 10 (28 patients); RVOT-RBBB 78 plus or minus 21 (30 patients);LVA--normal 9 plus or minus 9 (18 patients); LVA-RBBB 6 plus or minus 10 (10 patients); LVOT--normal 45 plus or minus 13 (10 patients); LVOT-RBBB 32 plus or minus 9 (7 patients). Significant differences observed were: RVA-normal versus RVA-RBBB P smaller than 0.001; RVOT-RBBB P smaller than 0.001; RVA-normal versus LVA-normal P smaller than 0.005; LVA-normal versus LVA-RBBB NS, LVOT-normal versus LVOT-RBBB P smaller than 0.05. The LVOT change was unexpected and suggests changes in left ventricular depolarization may occur when right bundle branch block develops. In patients with RBBB the activation of the RVA (r equals 0.82) and of the RVOT (r equals 0.68) was directly related to the duration of QRS. Changes in activation time when RBBB was induced by rapid atrial pacing or by introduction of atrial premature depolarizations were: RVA (7 patients) 19 plus or minus 11 to 56 plus or minus 16 (P smaller than 0.001); RVOT (9 patients) 41 plus or minus 10 to 77 plus or minus 22 (P SMALLER THAN 0.001); LVA (5 patients) and LVOT (2 patients), small insignigicant changes. These data indicate that endocardial activation changes can be evaluated in the catheterization laboratory, that right ventricular conduction becomes slower in RBBB as a direct function of total QRS and that left ventricular conduction may be affected when RBBB develops. PMID- 1122582 TI - Corrected sinus node recovery time. Experimental physiologic and pathologic determinants. AB - To determine the factors affecting reproducibility of sinus node recovery time, the effects of basic pacing rate, pacing duration, milliamperage, vagal and beta adrenergic stimulation, and sinud node injury, as well as its instantaneous and daily reproducibility, were studied in 36 anesthetized dogs. Corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) showed a mean variation of 9.8 plus or minus 0.4 msec at an atrial pacing rate of 200 beats/min and 29.8 plus or minus 8 msec at an atrial pacing rate of 140 beats/min (P smaller than 0.05). CSNRT increased progressively from 55.4 plus or minus 10 msec to 103.7 plus or minus 13 msec with increase in pacing rate from 140 beats/min to 200 beats/min. It was reproducible when atrial pacing was carried out for 1-5 min, although a wide variation (10-30 msec) was seen from 7-60 minutes (P smaller than 0.05). This measurement was reproducible on two consecutive days and was unaffected by changes in milliamperage. Vagal stimulation consistently prolonged the CSNRT while beta-adrenergic stimulation decreased it from 132.9 plus or minus 34.5 msec to 50.0 plus or minus 6.5 msec. Sinus node injury consistently prolonged CSNRT at all paced rates. In summary, CSNRT is reproducible only if the same pacing rate and duration are utilized. Since vagal stimulation and sinus node injury prolong this measurement while beta adrenergic stimulation shortens it, an "abnormal" CSNRT should be assessed in terms of the possible influence of the autonomic nervous system as well as sinus node dysfunction per se. PMID- 1122583 TI - Extracardiac recordings of His-Purkinje activity during conduction disorders and junctional rhythms. AB - Previous investigations have demonstrated a surface recording technique using signal averaging to detect electrical activity during the "isoelectric" P-R segment. Various physiological and pharmacological interventions suggest that the source of these potentials isthe His-Purkinje system (HPS). In order to assess the sensitivity of averaged recordings to changes in HPS activation, i.e., conduction defects in the HPS recordings were made directly from the heart surface using a bipolar, anterior-posterior epicardial lead in 15 dogs which underwent thoractomy. The signal was amplified, filtered and averaged using a digital computer for purposes of signal enhancement. The epicardial averaged lead (EAL) contained activity coincident with HPS depolarization and similar to those recorded by leads on the body surface of intact dogs from previous studies. The standard ECG and His bundle electrogram from an electrode catheter served as references in localizing and assessing several conduction disorders experimentally produced by traumatic and ischemic injury. Among the disorders produced were: 1) atrioventricular (A-V) nodal block which resulted in loss of recorded activity in the EAL following the P wave. 2) First and second degree intra-His bundle block produced by anterior septal artery ligation showed split His potentials in the HBE (1 degree) and 2:1 conduction with block in the His bundle (2 degrees). In the blocked beats the EAL showed a reproducible portion of the activity coincident with proximal His bundle activity of the split His potentials in both cases. 3) In four cases of proximal right bundle branch block produced by anterior septal artery ligation the relatively proximal portions of HPS activity in the EAL showed marked diminution. 4) Two cases of distal His bundle or bilateral bundle branch delay were seen as prolonged H-V time and a normal QRS pattern. The early and late portions of the HPS activity in the EAL were not markedly changed while the middle portion was prolonged and fractionated. 5) Junctional rhythms produced by crushing the SA node resulted in no atrial activity occurring prior to HPS depolarization in the EAL. However, the QRS was preceded by HPS activity whose onset was coincident with the H recorded in the His bundle electrogram. The EAL showed consistent and reproducible morphology and timing of HPS activity at different heart rates during normal conduction and consistent alterations of the HPS activity during abnormal conduction. PMID- 1122584 TI - "Supernormal conduction" of a premature impulse utilizing the fast pathway in a patient with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways. AB - Electrophysiological studies with atrial extrastimulus technique suggested the presence of dual atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathways in a patient with hypothyroidism, as evidenced by a sudden increase of H1-H2 intervals at critical A1-A2 coupling intervals. Following the atrial extrastimulus (A2), a third impulse (A3) occurred spontaneously. During slow pathway conduction of A2, and A3, appearing at a critically timed interval allowed fast pathway conduction, resulting in an earlier than expected QRS (a form of supernormal conduction). This demonstration of fast pathway conduction during slow pathway conduction adds strong evidence for the existence of dual A-V nodal pathways. PMID- 1122585 TI - Echocardiographic detection of tricuspid valve prolapse. AB - The echocardiographic findings in 12 patients with tricuspid valve prolapse are presented. Eight of these patients had associated mitral valve prolapse. Only one of the above patients had the characteristic physical signs of tricuspid incompetence. Two types of abnormality were noted on the echocardiogram of the tricuspid valve. In eight patients, the systolic segment of the tricuspid valve showed an initial horizontal motion followed by a posterior motion in midsystole. Four patients exhibited posterior motion of the tricuspid valve in early systole, which reached a maximum in midsystole, and this was followed by an anterior motion, thus producing a hammock-like configuration. We conclude that echocardiography is useful in the diagnosis of tricuspid valve prolapse. Since this condition may be associated with clinically significant tricuspid incompetence or bacterial endocarditis, its recognition is of clinical importance. PMID- 1122586 TI - Measurement of mitral orifice area in patients with mitral valve disease by real time, two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - A quantitative assessment of mitral valve orifice area can be achieved in patients with pure mitral stenosis by cardiac catheterization. In the presence of mitral regurgitation, however, accurate measurement often is impossible because total diastolic flow through the mitral valve frequently is unknow. Using a recently developed real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography system, we are able to obtain cross-sectional images of the mitral valve by scanning the heart perpendicular to its long axis at the level of the tip of the mitral leaflets. Twenty consecutive patients undergoing operation for mitral valve disease were studied during the week prior to operation. In 18 of 20 (90%) the mitral orifice was imaged successfully in early diastole by two-dimensional echocardiography so that mitral valve orifice area could be measured directly in square centimeters. In 14 patients (ten with associated mitral regurgitation), mitral orifice area was measured both by echocardiography and directly at time of operation. In 12 of 14 (86%) patients, mitral orifice area by two-dimensional echocardiography was within 0.3 square centimeters of that measured at operation (correlation coefficient for all 14 patients equals 0.92). We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography is extremely useful in the evaluation of patients with mitral valve disease because it provides a noninvasive method for directly measuring the mitral valve orifice area that is accurate even in the presence of mitral regurgitation. PMID- 1122587 TI - Echocardiography manifestations of flail aortic valve leaflets in bacterial endocarditis. AB - This report describes the echocardiographic features seen in a case of bacterial endocarditis in which the aortic valve leaflets had been partially destroyed. The endocardiogram demonstrated unusual, disorganized echo patterns in the outflow tract of the left ventricle near the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve in diastole. These were shown to be continuous with similar disorganized echo patterns demonstrated in the aortic root in diastole. These echocardiographic abnormalities were no longer present after aortic valve replacement. PMID- 1122588 TI - Echocardiographic demonstration of early mitral valve closure in severe aortic insufficiency. Its clinical implications. AB - Severe aortic insufficiency may accelerate mitral valve closure. We noted this echocardiographic finding in several patients with the acute onset of severe aortic insufficiency. Accordingly, we examined our total echocardiographic series retrospectively for early closure of the mitral valve (ECMV) in the setting of aortic insufficiency and found it in 11 of 53 patients with confirmed aortic insufficiency. During our study ECMV was fortuitously found in two other patients without aortic insufficiency, ECMV occurred in late diastole following the echocardiographic "A" wave, often associated with s suppressed "A" wave (type "B" ECMV). ECMV presence and subtype, along with other clinical parameters, appeared to be useful in the serial evaluation of the patient with severe aortic insufficiency. Additionally, the analysis of ECMV type helped to clarify the mechanism and significance of the Austin Flint murmur. Analysis of 17 patients with and without ECMV, with severe aortic insufficiency judged clinically (NYHA functional class III or IV) and angiographically (3+), indicated that only ECMV patients had acute aortic insufficiency and demonstrated diminished left ventricular size following successful aortic valve replacement. Although due primarily to aortic insufficiency, ECMV could be influenced by rhythm or conducted abnormalities, co-existent cardiac lesions, and pharmacologic interventions. Exclusive of these factors, ECMV was an excellent sign of acute, torrential aortic insufficiency, and a simple noninvasive indicator of the patient requiring immediate aortic valve replacement. PMID- 1122589 TI - Variability of echocardiographic discontinuity in double outlet right ventricle and truncus arteriosus. AB - The widespread application of echocardiography to the field of congenital heart disease has led to the development of a concept of "echocardiographic discontinuity" for the diagnosis of some conditions. Although this is a valuable sign in differentiating such entities as tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus and double outlet right ventricle, the reported cases illustrate that the echocardiographic recognition of discontinuity may be complicated by technical factors. In addition, the differential diagnosis must include truncus arteriosus with coexistence of anterior and posterior discontinuity. PMID- 1122590 TI - Cardiac specific creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. AB - The specific and sensitivity of serum creatine phosphokinase cardiac specific isoenzyme (MB) in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was evaluated. An ion-exchange chromatographic technique was used to isolate MB. Sera layered on mini-columns of DEAE-Sephadex were eluted with Tris-buffered sodium chloride. Quantification of isolated MB was performed by creatine phosphokinase (CPK) assay (Rosalki method) of column effluents. MB was expressed as a percentage of the simultaneously determined total serum CPK; MB was determined in 100 consecutive admissions to the Coronary Care Unit. Acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed by accepted criteria. In 47 patients with proven AMI, including three with normal total CPK, peak MB was greater than 4% of total CPK. In 49 patients without AMI, including 15 with elevated total CPK (due to trauma, injections, cardioversion), peak MB was less than 2% of total CPK. MB was elevated, but did not peak in four patients without AMI but with chronic atrial fibrillation. Isolation and quantification of MB by this technique is rapidly and easily performed and provides a specific and extremely sensitive tool for the diagnosis of AMI. PMID- 1122591 TI - Time course and zonal variations of ischemia-induced myocardial cationic electrolyte derangements. AB - Myocardial cationic electrolytes were determined at regular time intervals up to 24 hours after coronary artery ligation in the dog. Replicate electrolyte ratios were computed for different areas of the heart at each time interval. For purposes of statistical analysis, ratios from two border areas and four areas remote from the infarct were pooled as values for ZONE B and ZONE N, respectively, and compared with those from the infarct proper, ZONE I. Ischemia induced tissue Mg++/Ca++ changes paralleled those of K+/Na+ with respect to time course and zonal variations. In ZONE I, both K+/Na+ and Mg++/Ca++ fell precipitously during the first hour, and the falls became more gradual thereafter, approac hing those of extracellular fluid at 24 hours. Changes in ZONE B, which appeared normal histologically, followed a similar downward trend but differed in magnitude from those in ZONE I (P smaller than 0.01). Changes in ZONE N were small but did not always overlap values in sham-operated dogs. It was concluded that lowered tissue K+/Na+ and Mg++/Ca++ were sensitive, but not specific, indices of myocardial ishemia, and multiple samplings of ionic ratios were essential for proper interpretation of ischemia-induced myocardial electrolyte derangements. PMID- 1122592 TI - Early onset of pulmonary vascular obstruction in patients with aortopulmonary transposition and intact ventricular septum. AB - Of 29 patients with aortopulmonary transposition with intact ventricular septum who underwent cardiac catheterization as neonates, five subsequently developed increased pulmonary vascular resistance at an early age (7 months to 2 1 2 years). The resistance was high in two patients (11.0 and 12.9 units (U)/m-2), moderate in one (5.5 U/m-2) and mild in two (3.6 and 4.6 U/m-2). The two patients with the highest resistances died as a result of the pulmonary vascular obstruction and it was probably a contributing factor in the death of a third patient. The finding of pulmonary vascular obstruction at an early age in five of 29 patients with transposition of the great arteries with intact septa is noteworthy. It assumes even greater significance as the measurement methods tend to underestimate pulmonary vascular resistance. The possible errors in assessing pulmnary vascular resistance and factors possibly contributing to early development of pulmonary vascular obstruction are discussed. PMID- 1122593 TI - Nontraumatic determination of left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide angiocardiography. AB - Previous reports have suggested that left ventricular ejection fraction can be assessed by recording the passage of peripherally administered radioactive bolus through the heart. The accuracy and validity of this technique were examined in 20 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. 99m-Tc-human serum albumin was injected via a central venous catheter into the superior vena cava and precordial activity recorded with a gamma scintillation camera interfaced to a small digital computer. A computer program was designed to generate time activity curves from the left ventricular blood pool and to calculate left ventricular ejection fractions from the cyclic fluctuations of the left ventricular time-activity curve which correspond to left ventricular volume changes during each cardiac cycle. The results correlated well with those obtained by biplane cineangiocardiography (r equals 0.94) and indicated that the technique should allow accurate and reproducible determination of left ventricular ejection fraction. The findings, however, demonstrated that the time activity curve must be generated from a region-of-interest which fits the left ventricular blood pool precisely and must be corrected for contributions arising from noncardiac background structures. This nontraumatic and potentially noninvasive technique appears particularly useful for serial evaluation of the acutely ill patient and for follow-up studies in nonhospitalized patients. PMID- 1122594 TI - Alterations in preload and ejection phase indices of left ventricular performance,. AB - Ejection phase indices such as mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (V-cf), ejection fraction (EF), and mean normalized systolic ejection rate (MSER) are thought to reflect the level of left ventricular (LV) inotropic state. Although known to be influenced by changes in afterload, their response to altered preload is less certain. This question was examined in ten normal subjects studied in the supine position and after 10 min of 75 degree head-up tilt. Echo VL diameter (D) and carotid pulse recordings were used to calculate LV ejection time, V-cf, MSER, LV end-diastolic and stroke volumes (EDV and SV, by D3 formula), and ejection fraction. Systemic blood pressure (BP)was measured by cuff, and heart rate (HR) counted from the ECG. Calculated LVEDV decreased with tilt (115 plus or minus 8 to 82 plus or minus 7 ml, P smaller than 0.001), as did SV (81 plus or minus 6 to 54 plus or minus 6 ml, P smaller than 0.001), and ejection time (0.31 plus or minus 0.01 to 0.27 plus or minus 0.00 sec, P smaller than 0.001), but there was no significant change in systolic or diastolic BP or HR. V-cf, EF, and MSER were not singificantly altered by tilt (1.09 plus or minsu 0.04 to 1.12 plus or minus 0.05 circ/sec; 0.70 plus or minus 0.02 to 0.65 plus or minus 0.02; and 2.29 plus or minus 0.07 to 2.43 plus or minus 0.08 end-diastolic volumes/sec, respectively). V-cf, MSER, and EF appearrelatively unaffected by acute alterations in preload. That compensatory sympathetic responses blunted potential changes cannot be excluded, although HR was not found to have increased. PMID- 1122595 TI - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in oral contraceptive hypertension. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relative contribution of changes in sympathetic nervous system activity, as reflected by changes in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, to the pathogenesis of oral contraceptive-induced hypertension. Precontraceptive and serial post contraceptive determinations of blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), DBH activity, and changes in body weight were obtained in twelve control patients and forty-one oral contraceptive users. Forty-four percent of oral contraceptive users had increases in blood pressure but remained normotensive and 17% became frankly hypertensive. The precontraceptive and average post contraceptive levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP), PRA and DBH activity in each patient were compared using paired group analysis. Control patients (group I) exhibited no significant changes in these variables, while the patients with contraceptive induced increases in MAP (groups III and IV) underwent significant, parallel increases in DBH activity. Finally, the linear regression of changes in MAP on the percent change in DBH activity was examined. The positive slopes in groups III and IV differed significantly from the negative slope of the controls (group I). The data have been interpreted to reflect an inappropriate oral contraceptive induced stimulus to sympathetic nervous system activity, leading to increases in MAP in susceptible individuals. PMID- 1122596 TI - Radioisotopic bolus technique as a test to detect circulatory deficit associated with cerebral death. 142 studies on 80 patients demonstrating the bedside use of an innocuous IV procedure as an adjunct in the diagnosis of cerebral death. AB - A portable radioisotopic technique was developed to demonstrate cerebral circulatory deficit, as part of a collaborative study to define and diagnose cerebral death simply and rapidly, in comatose, apneic patients with electrocerebral silence. The method involves an intravenous injection of 2mCi of 99mTcO4, and recording time/activity curves over the cranial cavity and a femoral artery simultaneously, using twin probe radioisotope detector equipment. Eight comatose, apneic patients had 142 studies in conjunction with clinical electroencephalographic and other laboratory evaluations. The results indicate that the absence of a bolus tracing from the head, as contrasted to the usual bolus seen is indicative of significant circulatory deficit to the cerebrum. This test may be used as an adjunct in confirming the diagnosis of cerebral death. A normal bolus tracing should be simultaneously observed over a femoral artery and this is used as a control. The method is safe and simple and offers significant information about the irreversibility of cerebral blood flow. Although further studies are indicated, the method appears to be most promising as a fundamental bedside laboratory test in the diagnosis of cerebral death in conjunction with other clinical and laboratory criteria. PMID- 1122597 TI - Prosthetic aortic valvular endocarditis. AB - Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be one of the most serious complications following cardiovascular surgery, particularly that for replacement of valves. In order to define more clearly the clinical course and the role of surgical therapy, clinical and necropsy data were reviewed in 16 adult patients with prosthetic aortic valvular endocarditis (PAVE) and compared with the experience cited in the literature. Positive blood cultures were obtained in each of the patients with bacterial endocarditis. Gram positive bacteria predominate and the onset of infection is usually later than 25 days postoperatively. In 11 of 16 patients, aortic insufficiency was recognized. Autopsy material demonstrated large perivalvular abscesses which loosened the attachment of the prosthetic valve in each case and which made successful operation unlikely. Aortic insufficiency appears to be of prognostic importance, since patients who developed aortic insufficiency early in the course of PAVE died. Survivors included patients who made an excellent response to medical therapy and who either did not develop aortic insufficiency or developed aortic insufficiency either late in the course or even after cure of PAVE, Poor response to medical therapy and progressive aortic insufficiency even in the absence of left ventricular failure appear to be indications for prompt surgical replacement of the prosthetic aortic valve. PMID- 1122598 TI - Letter: Calculating pulmonary valve area. PMID- 1122600 TI - Letter: concealed retrograde conduction in A-V block,. PMID- 1122599 TI - Letter: Lidocaine and heart rate. PMID- 1122601 TI - Observations on the heat stability and electrophoretic pattern of alkaline phosphatases extracted from various tissues. AB - Various tissues were extracted with either normal saline or heat inactivated serum (HIS) and the heat stability and electrophoretic migration of the alkaline phosphatase enzymes (AP) of the extracts were compared to the heat stability and electrophoretic properties of serum AP. The electrophoretic pattern of HIS extracts of liver and bone differed from that of saline extracts but the pattern was unaffected if HIS was added to the saline extracts. The heat stabilities of the tissue AP also differed depending on whether they were extracted with saline or HIS. However, serum AP heat stability can help differentiate between liver and bone disease. It is concluded that the comparison of serum and tissue AP heat stabilities or the comparison of serum and tissue AP electrophoretic patterns as criteria for identification of the tissue source of the serum enzyme may be misleading since both these parameters vary, depending on the medium used for extracting the tissue and the extract(s) may contain a mixture of enzymes different from that in serum. It is further concluded from the electrophoretic studies on tissue AP that the increased serum AP in patients with hepatobiliary disease was unlikely to be due to regurgitation of bile but due to increased synthesis and release of alpha 1 and alpha 2 AP isoenzymes from liver, bile ducts or gall bladder. In patients with bone disease the increased serum AP is derived from bone. The source of the serum AP of "normal" subjects may be either liver or vascular tissue or both. PMID- 1122602 TI - Effectof dialysis on tissue and serum alkaline phosphatase heat stability. AB - Tissue extracts and serum samples were dialyzed against TRIS buffer and the heat stability of the alkaline phosphatase (AP) was examined before and after dialysis for various periods of time. The effect of adding a mixture of ions or heat inactivated polled serum (HIS) to the dialyzed samples was also investigated. Dialysis of tissue extracts or of serum resulted in an increase in the mean AP heat stability. Addition of the ion mixture to dialyzed bone or liver extracts decreased the AP heat stability. Addition of HIS to these extracts decreased the AP heat stability of dialyzed bone extract but had little effect on dialyzed liver extract. These results are discussed. PMID- 1122603 TI - Laboratory scientists--working together in Canada. PMID- 1122604 TI - [Inter-laboratory quality control in Quebec]. PMID- 1122605 TI - The influence of chronic uremia on hepatic glycogen in the rat. AB - Long term maintenance of male Wistar rats following sub-total nephrectomy has been shown to alter carbohydrate metabolism. These rats frequently became hypoglycemic and concurrently demonstrated increased hepatic glycogen stores. Chemical analysis of glycogen revealed a significant increase in branching, with a concomitant decrease in glucose residues per segment. The influence of food intake and glycosuria are discussed. Decreased glycogen autolysis is attributed to increased glycogen branching in the uremic liver. PMID- 1122606 TI - Semi-automated colorimetric determination of triglycerides. AB - 1. A semi-automated procedure for the determination of triglycerides based on the manual procedure of Fletcher and the semi-automated procedure of Kessler and Lederer has been developed. 2. Reaction conditions and flow-rates have been optimized to result in a trouble-free procedure which produces 99+ per cent recovery on added recovery tests, and a standard deviation of 4.8 on specimens in the low normal range. 3. An inexpensive scale expansion device is used to increase accuracy by improving chart readability. 4. Analysis of commercial control sera produced results which correlated well with stated values. PMID- 1122607 TI - Serum prostaglandin F2alpha levels during normal pregnancy. PMID- 1122608 TI - Effects of bilirubin, hemoglobin, and lipids on the Teepol and the SMA 12/60 methods for phosphorus. PMID- 1122609 TI - Assay of inulin in tissue using anthrone. PMID- 1122611 TI - Comparison of radioimmunoassay with thin-layer chromatographic and gas-liquid chromatographic methods of barbiturate detection in human urine. AB - A radioimmunoassay (I) for barbiturates was compared with thin-layer chromatographic (II) and gas-liquid chromatographic (III) methods for barbiturate detection in human urine. Timed urine samples were obtained from volunteers who had ingested 100 mg of a barbiturate. I detected barbiturate in all urines tested up to 76 h after the dose, and III in all up to 52 h and in 90% up to 76 h. II detected barbiturates in 90% of all urine samples for only 30 h, after which is reliability declined. Glutethimide interfered with radioimmunoassay of barbiturate, producing false positives. I is sensitive, reliable, and fast, and lends itself to screening large numbers of urine samples for barbiturates. For routine urine surveillance, however, we found I to be less useful than II, which is still the method of choice. I has, however, proved to be an excellent method for confirming results of II. PMID- 1122610 TI - Serum immunoglobulins after surgical operation. AB - We measured immunoglobulins in the sera of 33 patients on days 1, 3, 6, 10, and 17 and three to four weeks after surgical operations (mostly hysterectomy or appendectomy) or (six patients) after spinal injury. In the absence of infection or blood transfusion, IgG usually decreased slightly and transiently after hysterectomy or appendectomy, as did IgA or IgM after hysterectomy. IgD concentrations showed no consistent changes, but in one patient after hysterectomy and with minimal infection IgD concentration decreased sharply, which contrasted with significant and early increases in IgG, IgA, and IgM. IgD concentration was not correlated with type of operation, presence of infection, or changes in the other immunoglobulins. IgE concentrations either die not change or, in some patients, increased or decreased initially, after operation. We conclude that immunoglobulin concentrations in serum are subject to multiple, unpredictable influences after trauma. PMID- 1122612 TI - Evaluation of the new "System Olli 3000" kinetic ultraviolet analyzer for measuring aspartate ana alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in serum. AB - A new fast kinetic analyzer, System Olli 3000, is evaluated as an instrument for the routine clinical laboratory measurement of the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. The System Olli 3000 consists of dispensers for simultaneous multiple dispensing of sample and reagents, incubators, vortex-type shakers, and a photometer with quartz fibre optics connected to a computer, allowing cycling measurements of 24 cuvets 24 times in 2 min. An unique slope search algorithm is described. The system shows a high degree of precision and a wide linearity range; activities of at least 10-fole the normal upper limit for all three of these enzymes can be measured without diluting the serum sample. As many as 380 analyses per hour (including calibration and blanks) can be carried out by one technician. For comparison, enzyme measurements were also made with an LKB 8600 Reaction Rate Analyzer and a Pye Unicam SP 8005 spectrophotometer coupled on-line to an IBM 1800 computer. Results obtained with the different instruments correlated well, especially in the region of main interest, i.e., above the normal upper limit. We conclude that the new instrument has many potentialities in kinetic analyses of nonenzymatic constituents in biological fluids. PMID- 1122613 TI - Direct determination of total serum cholesterol by use of double-wavelength spectrophotometry. AB - We describe a simple, accurate method for direct determination of total cholesterol in serum. Systematic investigation of a previously described modified Liebermann-Burchard reagent has indicated the necessity of accounting for both bilirubin interference and decreased specificity owing to exothermia. Double wavelength spectrophotometry was used to optically null out bilirubin as an interfering factor, whereas adding serum to the cold reagent increases its specificity for the cholesterol color reaction. Comparison of 106 cholesterol values with those obtained by the procedure of Abell et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 195, 357 (1952)] yielded a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99; our inter-run coefficient of variation of polled laboratory serum was 1.7%. PMID- 1122614 TI - Radioimmunoassay of plasma testosterone, with use of polyethylene glycol to separate antibody-bound and free hormone. AB - We have developed a reliable radioimmunoassay for testosterone in plasma, polyethylene glycol ("Carbowax 6000") being used to separate antibody-bound and free hormone. Testosteron is separated from interfering steroids, notably dihydrotestosterone, by liquid-liquid partition chromatography on infusorial earth (Celite). The assay is sensitive (9 pg for standards), precise, and accurate. The lowest measurable concentration fo testosterone is 350 ng/liter for plasma from men and 70 ng/liter for plasma from women. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 6.9% and 9.7%, respectively, for plasma from men, and 9.6% and 11.8%, respectively, for plasma from women. Our method for separating antibody-bound and free hormone is practical and convenient and may be generally applicable to all radioimmunoassays of steroid hormones in plasma. PMID- 1122615 TI - Nonchromatographic radioimmunoassay of plasma 11-deoxycortisol, for use in the metyrapone test, with polyethylene glycol as the precipant. AB - We have developed a simple, reliable radioimmunoassay for plasma 11 deoxycortisol. The method does not require chromatography but instead makes use of a simple extraction procedure which, in combination with the antibody characteristics, is highly specific for the metyrapone test. Polyethylene glycol was used to separate free and antibody-bound steroid. The smallest amount measurable is 15 pg (2.0 mug/liter of plasma). The method is shown to be precise and accurate. Intraassay precision of the method for two plasma pools was 26.7 plus or minus 2.5 mug/liter (CV equals 9.4%) and 61.2 plus or minus 3.7 mug/liter (CV equals 6.0%). The respective inter-assay precision was 27.0 plus or minus 1.7 mug/liter (CV equals 6.3%) and 59.9 plus or minus 2.3 mug/liter (CV equals 3.8%). The validity of the assay was further verified by evaluating the plasma 11 deoxycortisol response to metyrapone administration. The relative simplicity of the method and the commercial availability of all reagents, including antisera, makes this radioimmunoassay procedure practical for use in clinical laboratories. PMID- 1122616 TI - Above-normal urinary excretion of urinary ceramides in Farber's disease, and characterization of their components by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - We compared the sphingolipid content of urine from a patient with Farber's disease with that of control urine. The ceramides were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The patient's urine contained 1.2 mug of ceramides per milligram of creatinine, more than 200-fold the normal amount. The urinary ceramides were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography for further identification. They contained mainly nonhydroxy fatty acids and only a small quantity of those with 2-hydroxy fatty acids. This contrasts with the previously described composition of the patient's renal and cerebellar tissue. The fatty acid and long-chain base compositions of the urinary ceramides containing nonhydroxy fatty acids were nearly identical to those of the patient's kidney. PMID- 1122617 TI - Gas-liquid chromatography of phenylalanine and its metabolites in serum and urine of various hyperphenylalaninemic subjects, their relatives, and controls. AB - Phenylalanine and its metabolites were determined in serum and urine of phenylketonuric subjects and in subjects with milder hyperphenylalaninemia in whom blood phenylalanine concentrations were usually less than 200 mg/liter. Metabolite concentrations were related to serum phenylalanine, and in hyperphenylalaninemic subjects were between those for treated and untreated phenylketonuric subjects. Phenyllactic and phenylpyruvic acids were excreted by all of the mild hyperphenylalaninemic subjects except for the youngest (one-year old twins) and the only subject with a serum phenylalanine of less than 100 mg/liter. Serum and urinary metabolites of heterozygotes of both conditions were similar before and after a phenylalanine load. The similar pattern of metabolites in phenylketonuric and mild hyperphenylalaninemic subjects reinforces the belief that the latter have some phenylalanine hydroxylase activity, and that this is the essential difference between the two groups. PMID- 1122618 TI - Thermochemical determination of glucose in serum, plasma, and whole blood without prior deproteinization. AB - Glucose can be determined by phosphorylation in the presence of hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) by using Mg2+/(ATP)2- as the phosphorylating agent. A novel instrumental quantitation method is described, direct injection enthalpimetry, whereby the heat of the enzymatically catalyzed reaction was measured. The reaction was allowed to proceed to virtual completion (99.5+%) in an adiabatic Dewar vessel at 25.00 plus or minus 0.01 degrees C (range). Samples were sequentially injected into a reaction mixture consisting of hexokinase, ATP, Mg2+, and a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (pH 8). Single analyses required less than 2 min for 0-3 g/liter samples. The linear dynamic range was 0.3-10 g/liter, with zero intercept and a precision and accuracy of 2%. Electrical calibration in situ obviated the need for chemical standards, and because protein and color do not interfere, no sample pretreatment was necessary before analysis. PMID- 1122619 TI - Ultramicroscale determination of clinical chemical values for blood during the first four days of postnatal life. AB - Ultramicro procedures requiring 5-10 mul of serum or blood per analysis were used in determining blood constituents of healthy full-term newborns during the first four days of life. The resulting values appeared to be influenced by age, sex, and race. Values for total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, and uric acid in serum decreased with time; serum inorganic phosphorus and whole-blood aldosaccharoses increased. Serum from females had higher values than that from males for total proteins, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus. The values for serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase were consistently higher in Negro than in white infants; values for uric acid were higher in the latter. PMID- 1122620 TI - Flash-heater ethylation of some antiepileptic drugs. AB - We describe a modification of the MacGee method [Anal. Chem. 42, 421 (1970)] for rapid determination of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography, in which an ethylaing reagent is used instead of the more common methylating reagents. With this modification, several N-methylated antiepileptic drugs can be separated from their demethylated metabolites. Our results agree well with those of Butler and Waddell [Neurology 8, 106 (1958)], who showed that in patients receiving the N-methylated compounds mephenytoin and mephobarbital, the N-demethylated products, 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin and phenobarbital are found in higher concentrations in plasma than are their respective parent drugs. The method is also useful for routine determinations of phenobarbital, primidone, and phenytoin in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or saliva. PMID- 1122621 TI - Automated determination of serum ceruloplasmin activity with o-dianisidine dihydrochloride as substrate. AB - An automated method for the enzymatic determination of ceruloplasmin with o dianisidine dihydrochloride as substrate is described. The method enables the measurement of 30 samples per hour with a coefficient of variation (day-to-day) of 2.8%. Results correlate well (r equals 0.99 with those obtained by the corresponding manual method PMID- 1122622 TI - Preparation of a modified glucose oxidase reagent for the polarographic determinationof glucose with the Beckman "glucose analyzer". AB - In this modification, glucose oxidase, 140-180 U/ml, is dissolved in acetate buffer (pH 6):ethanol (96%):glycerol (80:10:10 by vol). Iodine and molybdate are used as catalysts, formaldehyde and mercuric iodide as preservatives, and octanol as an antifoaming agent. The reagent is suitable for use in the Beckman "Glucose Analyzer", it is stable at room temperature for at least six months, it is sensitive, it has a lubricating effect, and its cost is less than a fifth as much as the "Certified" Beckman reagent. It is not suitable for the measurement of glucose in samples containing maltose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, starch, and glycogen. PMID- 1122623 TI - Simple manual procedure for determination of serum triglycerides. AB - We describe a modified method for determining serum triglycerides (triacylglycerols), which is based on the heptane extraction procedure of Gottfried and Rosenberg [Clin. Chem. 19, 1077 (1973)] with the stable saponification, oxidation, and color development reagents of Neri and Frings [Clin. Chem. 19, 1201 (1973)]. This modified method eliminates one heating step, reduces saponification time to 5 min, absorbances are read at room temperature, and the calibration curve is linear to 3.0 g/liter. A sample comparison between the proposed method and the automated Block and Jarrett [Am. J. Med. Technol. 35, 1 (1969)] procedure showed no significant difference (r equals 0.98). The coefficient of variation (47 duplicate samples) for the modified method was 6.3%. Further validation was obtained from analysis of quality-control samples; the proposed method gave equivalent values. PMID- 1122624 TI - Improved radioimmunoassay of plasm cortisol. AB - We report a simplified radioimmunoassay procedure for determination of plasma cortisol. The method offers the advantage that tracer, antibody, and assay buffer are added in a single step with the use of semi-automated equipment. Thus, critical pipetting procedures are minimized, and assay time is reduced to 4 h. No prior extraction or chromatographic purification of cortisol is required. The procedure is simple, reliable, and accurate. For either between-assay or within assay determinations, the coefficients of variation are about 6%. Our results compare well with those obtained from a procedure that included extraction and chromatographic purification of cortisol in several plasma samples. Conditions for optimizing the assay are also discussed. PMID- 1122625 TI - Procedure for calibrating the Technicon Colorimeter I. AB - We describe a rapid method for calibrating the Technicon AutoAnalyzer colorimeter I. Test solutions of bromphenol blue are recommended for the calibration, in preference to solutions of potassium dichromate, based on considerations of the instrument's working range and of the stray light characteristics of the associated filters. PMID- 1122626 TI - Some sources of errors and artifacts in spectrophotometric measurements. PMID- 1122627 TI - Determination of urinary total protein by use of gel filtration and a modified biuret method. PMID- 1122628 TI - An FDA clinical instrument "recall". PMID- 1122629 TI - [Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in the liver as a parameter for distinguishing various forms of hyperphenylalaninemias (author's transl)]. AB - The activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the liver without the cofactor 2 amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin is similar in cases of classical PKU (14 cases), mild hyperphenylalaninemias (2 cases), heterozygotes (1 case) and normal controls (18 cases). The addition of cofactor increases the activity 30-40-fold in normal controls and 2-5 fold in mild hyperphenylalaninemias or heterozygotes. In classical PKU the addition of cofactor is without effect or causes even a diminution of activity. Therefore, for classification of the various forms of hyperphenylalaninemias the effect of cofactor on enzyme activity is important. For decisions from this findings to be made as to whether treatment should or should not be used further investigations are needed. PMID- 1122630 TI - [Determination of total glycoproteins in urine and serum from normal children and from a child with a sialuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 1122631 TI - In vivo studies on the metabolism of hexanedioic acid. AB - 1. Using the combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique it was shown that ketotic patients excreted up to 273 mg of hexanedioic acid daily in their urine, whereas serum samples from these patients contained only trace amounts of this acid. Healthy humans excreted 2-5 mg daily. Hexanedioic acid was not detectable in normal serum. 2. An experiment with the infusion of large amounts of 3-hydroxybutyrate into a dog indicated that the increased urinary hexanedioic acid excretion in ketosis is not due to a competition between 3 hydroxybutyrate and hexanedioic acid for the same renal reabsorption mechanism. 3. [ 1,6-14-C]Hexanedioic acid intravenously injected into a dog was at first distributed in the extracellular space, followed by a partial equilibration with the intracellular space. About 11% of the injected dose was expired as 14-CO2 in 220 min. The maximal 14-CO2 production rate was obtained after about 20 min. In 240 min, 47% of the injected radioactivity was recovered in the urine. The large urinary excretion of labeled hexanedioic acid observed in the presence of only trace amounts in serum, showed that the high excretion by ketotic patients of the dicarboxylic acid may be explained without postulating an exclusive renal synthesis for hexanedioic acid. PMID- 1122632 TI - Cystathioninuria and homocystinuria. AB - Three circumstances prompted us to reexamine the relationship between abnormal cystathionine accumulation and possible homocystinuria resulting from this condition: (a) discovery of an infant girl with apparently alternating massive cystathioninuria and homocystinuria; (b) the presence of homocystinuria in some, but not all, previously reported cases of cystathioninuria probably due to gamma cystathionine deficiency; and (c) the recent demonstration that mammalian cystathionine beta-synthase can cleave cystathionine to homocysteine. The following conclusions were reached: (a) Homocystine may arise as a result of bacterial contamination of a urine sample initially containing cystathionine, but not homocystine. (b) After a methionine load, a cystathioninuric patient may excrete readily detected amounts of homocystine. (c) However, homocystinuria is not a necessary concomitant of even massive cystathioninuria. These findings and some of their implications are briefly discussed. PMID- 1122633 TI - Urinary total oestrogen values determined by an automated method in normal and abnormal pregnancies. AB - Urinary total oestrogen values in late pregnancy have been determined by an automated, fluorimetric method based on the Kober reaction and Ittrich extraction. The normal range was obtained from 360 samples from 56 patients. The mean value at 40 weeks gestation was 52.6 mg/24 h and the 95 per cent probability bounds were 29.1 and 95.3 mg/24 h, obtained after initial calculations on logarithm values. "Small for dates" foetuses in good condition at birth were associated with oestrogen values generally below the normal mean. They were usually well discriminated from foetuses that died in the uterus. These were always associated with oestrogen values below or approaching 10 mg/24 h before death except when growth had been normal and death was due to mechanical complications at delivery. PMID- 1122634 TI - Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases: evaluation of an immunoenzymatic assay. AB - A quantitative immunoenzymatic assay has been developed for alpha-fetoprotein which is sensitive and specific. Seventy-eight percent of United States hepatoma patients have detectable serum alpha-fetoprotein elevations over 50 ng/ml, whereas only 2 of 93 other gastrointestinal tumors were positive. Thirteen percent of patients with acute viral hepatitis, 44% of patients with massive hepatic necrosis, and 23% of patients with chronic active hepatitis had measurable serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations. However, patients with non viral acute or chronic liver disease were largely alpha-fetoprotein negative and alpha-fetoprotein was undetectable on multiple postoperative samples from 6 patients after hepatic lobectomy in the rapidly regenerating phase. Therefore, alpha-fetoprotein elevations in nonmalignant liver diseases are not due solely to hepatic regeneration but appear to be related to viral injury. The immunoenzymatic assay does not require purified antigen or radioisotope equipment and can detect and quantitate clinically significant alpha-fetoprotein levels greater than 50 ng/ml. PMID- 1122635 TI - The behaviour of LDH-3 in patients with malignant diseases during therapy with cytostatic drugs and prednisone, studied by LDH-isoenzyme electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. AB - A modified method used for the quantitative estimation of LDH-isoenzymes in serum after electrophoresis on cellulose acetate is described. Total LDH-activity and isoenzyme distribution in serum samples of capillary blood are compared to those in samples collected by venipuncture. Total LDH-values and LDH-distributions both in 29 normal children and 14 children with malignant diseases are given. When studying the LDH-distribution in serum samples of children with malignant diseases a significantly decreased LDH-3 was found in many patients. LDH-4 and LDH-5 were also reduced. It was noted that these children all received therapy with prednisone. Possible explanations are discussed. PMID- 1122636 TI - Lactosuria - a new metabolic feature of severe cerebrocranial trauma. AB - Under controlled dietary conditions the urinary excretion of lactose was studied in 15 healthy persons, 15 patients with cerebrocranial trauma and 15 patients with extracranial trauma. Urinary lactose levels were found to be markedly increased in patients with head injury and ranged from 10.3 to 147.7 mg/24 h with a mean 63.4 mg/24 h in contrast to patients with other injuries (3.1 to 17.0 mg/24 h, mean 9.4 mg/24 h; P less than 0.001), and healthy individuals (3.3 to 17.93 mg/24 h, mean 7.6 mg/24h; P less than 0.001). In the head injury group the lowest values were found in drowsy or disoriented patients with cerebral concussion and the highest in comatose subjects. The level of lactosuria decreases after approximately 12 to 16 days to normal levels even when the patient remains unconscious. An earlier return to normal excretion parallels or preceeds the reappearance of consciousness. Unlike alimentary lactosuria, caused by ingestion of milk or other dairy products in large quantities, the elevated lactose levels in head injury patients were not usually accompanied by a comparable rise in galactose excretion, mean 11.45 mg/24 h versus 9.17 mg/24 h in controls; P less than 0.2. The mechanism of enhanced lactose excretion in severe cerebrocranial trauma remains unknown. It is suggested that it may be associated with either an increased catabolism of brain gangliosides or a stimulated lactose synthesis in peripheral tissues probably due to the participation of the lactogenic hormone prolactin. PMID- 1122637 TI - Catecholamines in urine; an evaluation of alumina-trihydroxyindole methods and a description of an improved method. AB - A critical assessment of the accuracy and practicability of five alumina trihydroxyindole methods for the estimation of urinary catecholamines, including our proposed method, was undertaken. The recovery of noradrenaline added to urine obtained by these methods was quantitated against different types of standards, and varied from 22.9 per cent to 104.8 per cent. The major analytical problems (fluorescence suppression and loss of catecholamines during column chromatography) were evaluated and related to the recovery of the respective procedures. The improved method we developed is simple, rapid and reliable. The low fluorescence suppression and column losses of noradrenaline of this method, averaging 2.9 per cent and 5.3 per cent, respectively, resulted in a mean recovery of 92.0 per cent against an external standard. Both the chromatography step and fluorescence development are simple and short, and a batch of ten cases can be completed within 3 hours. PMID- 1122638 TI - The assay of glycogen phosphorylase in human blood serum and its application to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. AB - Methods are described (a) for the estimation of glycogen phosphorylase activity (EC 2.4.1.1) in human blood serum based on the chemical determination of liberated orthophosphate or on the enzymic determination of glucose 1-phosphate in a coupled assay system and (b) for the electrophoretic separation of isophosphorylases I, II, and III in human. Glycogen phosphorylase activities ranging from 1.5 to 18 mU/ml were found in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction. In contrast, no glycogen phosphorylase activity was detected in the serum of healthy persons. The enzyme appears in the serum 4 hours after the onset of the infarction and reaches a maximum after 20 to 30 hours. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum after a myocardial infarction revealed only muscle isophosphorylase I, the isoenzyme characteristic of the heart. No phosphorylase activity was detected in serum of patients with angina pectoris, endocarditis, and uncomplicative congestive heart failure. From these findings it appears that the new serum enzyme test may prove to be a valuable addition to presently existing methods for the early differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1122639 TI - Diagnostic meaning of the urinary output of Nepsilon-methylated lysines. Investigation of healthy individuals and patients with malignant diseases, myopathies or renal failure. AB - In the urine of 36 healthy persons the excretion of the three Nepsilon-methylated lysines and some other basic amino acids was determined. The following average values, related to 1 g creatinine, were found: Lys(Me) 16.2 mumol, Lys(Me2) 31.2 mumol, Lys(Me3) 40.5 mumol. The 24-hour excretion in 6 adults related to 1 kg body weight, had the following average values: Lys(Me) 0.37 mumol, Lys(Me2) 0.88 mumol, Lys(Me3) 0.92 mumol. In patients with degenerative or inflammatory myopathies (6 cases) as well as with generalized tumors (7 cases) urinary output of methyllysines was not significantly altered. In a patient with extremely impaired renal function, it was found that the plasma level and the excretion pattern of the methylated lysines were unequivocally altered. Metabolic stability and renal excretion of 3H-labelled l-Lys(Me3) were investigated in man. During a 24 hour period 65 per cent of Lys(Me3) was excreted into the urine unmetabolized after intravenous injection but not more than 20 per cent after oral administration. PMID- 1122640 TI - The raising and characterization of cortisol-binding antiserum. AB - Synthesis of a cortisol-albumin compound and the raising of antibodies against cortisol in rabbits are described in detail. The steroid-protein complex is characterized by a number of reactions regarding the amount of cortisol coupled and the ability of the coupled steroid to react as such. The specificity of the harvested antiserum and transcortin towards the coupling of several related steroids are compared; the rabbit antiserum appears to be the more selective binding agent. PMID- 1122641 TI - Para-O-methylation of the catecholamines in neuroblastoma. AB - By means of thin-layer chromatographic methods, iso-homovanillic acid (iso-HVA), iso-vanillactic acid (iso-VLA) and iso-vanilmandelic acid (iso-VMA) were determined in the urine of 10 children with neuroblastoma. The mean excretion of iso-HVA was 10.1% of total HVA excretion. Three patients excreted VLA; in their urine no iso-VLA was detected with certainty. All patients excreted high amounts of VMA; there was no detectable excretion of iso-VMA. Those results suggest that para-O-methylation could be limited to dopamine catabolism. PMID- 1122642 TI - Creatine kinase reactivation by thiol compounds. AB - It is now commonly accepted that thiol activated creatine kinase (CK) assay systems measure CK activity more accurately and more reproducibly than non activated systems. However, some differences have arisen in the literature in regards to the nature and course of CK activation. Some thiol compounds have been reported to yield higher enzyme activities than others. Dalal et al. (1) reported that mercaptoethanol at 6.5 mM is suboptimal in the Siegel and Cohen assay (2); whereas, dithiothreitol (DTT) at 4 mM yields maximum activity. Warren has shown that DTT and mercaptoethanol produce significantly greater CK activities than cysteine, dithioerythritol (DTE), glutathione, or mercaptoacetate (3). Bishop et al. (4) and Kar and Pearson (5) reported that CK was equally activated independent of the thiol activator. We report here our findings on the relative effectiveness of mercaptoethanol, cysteine, glutathione, and DTT in the reactivation of serum CK using the Oliver-Rosalki method (6,7) and some characteristics of the reaction process. PMID- 1122643 TI - [Results of a study on the circadian rhythm of catecholamine excretion on normal subjects and those with high excretion levels (author's transl)]. AB - The circadian rhythm of the excretion of the catecholamines and some main metabolites is investigated in five normal subjects and two patients with a high excretion. In the normal subjects there are remarkable differences in the amplitudes of the variables. At high catecholamine excretions these differences seem to disappear. PMID- 1122644 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on plasma iron turnover. PMID- 1122645 TI - Interference from serum separators in total protein determination by refractometry. PMID- 1122646 TI - Determination of phosphate in serum and urine by a single step malachite-green method. AB - The highly sensitive malachite-green method for the determination of phosphate requires a protective colloid in order to avoid precipitation of the formed dye salt. A polyvinylalcohol proved to be suitable and permit the determination of phosphate in urine and in serum without prior precipitation of the proteins. The present method is suitable for a one-step procedure which allows the analysis of several hundred samples per man-hour and is applicable to microquantities of serum or urine. PMID- 1122647 TI - The difference between the glucose concentrations in plasma and whole blood. AB - The glucose concentrations in whole blood (WB) and plasma (P), both prediluted with distilled water and saline, and in their protein-free filtrates, were determined with the Hoffman ferricyanide method. In whole blood prediluted with distilled water the glucose concentration appeared to be 13% higher than in whole blood prediluted with saline. In plasma, predilution with distilled water or saline did not result in different glucose values. Plasma glucose is significantly higher than whole blood glucose independent of the method of pretreatment. A direct relationship between the two values exists, which for protein-free filtrates is represented by Glu(P) equals 1.07 Glu(WB) + 0.11. The glucose concentrations in erythrocytes were calculated and also correlated to plasma glucose values. A good correlation was found when protein-free filtrates were used. Apparently, conversion factors from whole blood to plasma glucose may be used only in cases where samples are deproteinized. PMID- 1122648 TI - Erythrocyte transketolase activity in adult Ghanaian subjects. AB - The erythrocyte transketolase activity, and the effect of thiamin pyrophosphate stimulation (TPP effect) on this enzyme, was determined in 263 adult Ghanaian subjects who included normal males and females, male labourers known to consume a diet high in carbohydrate, diabetics and pregnant women. Using the guideline that a TPP effect of greater than 25% indicates thiamin deficiency, it was found that a significant proportion of apparently healthy subjects (36%-47%) may be regarded as thiamin deficient. The results are discussed in the light of similar studies carried out by other workers. PMID- 1122649 TI - Serial measurements of vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-12-binding capacity in marasmic kwashiorkor. AB - Vitamin B-12 and total vitamin B-12-binding capacity (TBBC) have been determined by a radio-saturation assay in the blood of a large group of patients suffering from marasmic kwashiorkor on admission, and during their whole re-feeding. The results have been compared with values obtained in control children of the same ethnic group and with normal children living in Belgium. Vitamin B-12 levels are high on admission and only normalize during the second month of re-feeding. TBBC is normal on admission but significantly increases during re-feeding. PMID- 1122650 TI - Urinary excretion of free hydroxylysine, peptide-bound hydroxylysine and hydroxylysyl glycosides in physiological conditions. AB - The amount of urinary hydroxylysine is an index of collagen metabolism. Of the total hydroxylysine measured in normal urine 80 percent is associated with sugars in two glycosidic compounds, glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine and galactosyl hydroxylysine, ten percent is free and unglycosylated and the remainder is bound to urinary peptides. The excretion of hydroxylysyl glycosides follow the same physiological variations as urinary hydroxyproline, but it is not influenced by a collagen-free diet. The urinary excretion of hydroxylysyl glycosides, free hydroxylysine and peptide-bound hydroxylysine increases from 6 months of age to puberty. When corrected for urinary creatinine excretion, the largest amounts are found before one year of age. The glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine/galactosyl hydroxylysine ratio is lower in the urine of children. After correction of the values to either the body surface area or to the creatinine excretion, no significant differences can be found between the sexes. The different forms of hydroxylysine are discussed. PMID- 1122651 TI - The role of prolactin in the restoration of ovarian function during the early post-partum period in the human female. I. A study during physiological lactation. AB - Serial plasma levels of prolactin, follicle-stimulating/ml hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17beta-oestradiol (E) and progesterone (P) were determined by radio-immunoassay in ten healthy women during late pregnancy and puerperium until the occurrence of the first menstruation, at which moment an endometrial biopsy was taken. Prolactin concentrations, which were high during late pregnancy and the early post-partum period, declined thereafter but remained above 30 ng PMID- 1122652 TI - The role of prolactin in the restoration of ovarian function during the early post-partum period in the human female. II. A study during inhibition of lactation by bromergocryptine. AB - Serial plasma levels of prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17beta-oestradiol (E) and progesterone (P) were determined by radioimmunoassay in ten healthy women during late pregnancy and the puerperium during inhibition of lactation by Bromergocryptine. This medication was continued until the occurrence of the first menstruation, at which point an endometrial biopsy was taken. Prolactin was very effectively suppressed by Bromergocryptine in all patients, as was lactation. FSH was nearly undetectable during late pregnancy and the first week post-partum with an increase back to normal levels between day 7 and 12. Thereafter FSH levels were within the normal cyclic range. Following clearance of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) during the first 2 weeks post-partum, LH was found within the normal cyclic range in all patients. From day 7 E increased in nine of ten patients to reach levels during the fourth week which are seen normally at the moment of the pre-ovulatory E surge in cycling women. In eight of the ten cases this was concomitant with high levels of LH. The tenth patient showed a high E level at day 36. P was fully excreted within 7 days and remained low until approximately day 20. Thereafter an increase was demonstrated with levels as found during the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle in nine patients within 33 days and within 40 days in all ten patients. The endometrial biopsies showed clear signs of secretory activity. The probable action of prolactin on ovarian function is discussed. It is suggested that during the puerperium the ovaries are the more refractory part of the hypothalamicpituitaryovarian axis, due probably to an influence of prolactin on the ovarian steroid synthesis. PMID- 1122653 TI - Plasma pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in different types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 1122654 TI - Assessment of oral glucose tolerance data. AB - Characteristics of the 'clinical value index' (Harding et al., 1973) are examined. It is shown that the definition of the index makes it unsuitable for the comparative evaluation of various methods of assessing the results of an oral glucose tolerance test. PMID- 1122655 TI - Treatment of acromegaly by transsphenoidal hypophysectomy with cryoapplication. AB - The therapeutic effect of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy with cryoapplication has been studied in twenty-nine patients with active acromegaly. The mean follow-up time was 15 months (354 months). A significant improvement of symptoms and signs occurred in all but three patients. The level of plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (IRGH) was reduced in all but two patients and a normal level of plasma IRGH was achieved in sixteen patients. Skin thickness, the level of serum inorganic phosphorus and the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and calcium were significantly decreased in the great majority of the patients. The operation was not accompanied by any visual complications, but cerebrospinal rhinorrhoea, subsiding spontaneously, developed in two and postoperative meningitis in one patient. Hypothyroidism and adrenocortical deficiency developed in eight, gonadotrophin deficiency in thirteen, and persistent diabetes insipidus in one patient. It is concluded that transsphenoidal hypophysectomy with cryapplication is a safe and effective method for the treatment of acromegalic patients. PMID- 1122656 TI - Cyproterone acetate: a study involving two volunteers with idiopathic hirsutism. AB - Two female volunteers, of menstrual age, with severe idiopathic hirsutism were treated for eight cycles and fifteen cycles respectively with cyproterone acetate 50 mg twice daily on days 5-14 of the cycle. In all but one cycle, ethinyl oestradiol in a dose of 50 mug daily from day 5 to 21 was given in addition. Cyproterone acetate when given alone abolished the mid-cycle LH surge. Combined therapy with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol produced a significant improvement in both patients' hirsutism and was accompanied by a marked reduction in the urinary excretion of LH, FSH and androgens and by a fall in plasma testosterone. However, the clinical benefit derived from this drug was due principally to its action as a peripheral antiandrogen. PMID- 1122657 TI - Hypogonadism and parathyroid adenoma in congenital poikiloderma (Rothmund-Thomson syndrome). AB - In two adult patients with congenital poikiloderma (Rothmund-Thomson syndrome) the following endocrine abnormalities were found: Patient 1, female, with short stature had primary amenorrhoea and did not develop secondary sexual characteristics. Despite lacking an oestrogen effect on the vaginal smear and the low urinary oestrogen excretion, basal LH and FSH and their response to LH-RH were normal. At age 36 a parathyroid adenoma was diagnosed because of increased immunoreactive plasma parathyroid hormone and persistent hypercalcaemia. After removal of the tumour the patient remained normocalcaemic. The result of growth hormone response to insulin in the intermediate range was suggestive of partial deficiency. In patient 2, male, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism with small testes and high basal LH and FSH levels as well as increased LH and FSH response to LH RH were found. Plasma testosterone was normal. Endocrine abnormalities in previously published cases are summarized. PMID- 1122658 TI - Plasma free fatty acid turnover in total lipodystrophy. AB - Basal free fatty acid (FFA) turnover was found to be elevated or at the upper limit of normal in a patient with total lipodystrophy. The decrease in plasma FFA concentration which occurred after intravenous administration of insulin was shown to be primarily due to a fall in the inflow of FFA into the circulation. These results provide support for the suggestion that adipocytes in total lipodystrophy are able to synthesize triglycercide, but that they are unable to store it because of rapid lipolysis. PMID- 1122659 TI - Laboratory aspects of proteinuria in human disease. PMID- 1122660 TI - Prognosis of chronic glomerulonephritis in adult patients estimated on the basis of the Markov process. AB - The prognosis of chronic glomerulonephritis based on renal function was assessed using a statistical technique of the Markov process, where the absorbing state was assumed to be an uremic state, 194 adult patients with different types of disease were subjected to study. The 15 min value obtained in the intravenous PSP excretion test was divided into five states; SI (greater than 34%, normal), SII(25-34), SIII(15-24), SIV(5-14) and SV (greater than 5, uremic). The rates of SV with time were calculated with respect to several clinical characteristics. The prognosis of the patients with hypertension, distinct proteinuria and hematuria, or cellular cylindruria appeared to be relatively poor. The estimated number of years from each state to SV were also calculated. The results were similar to those already reported and gave us more exact information about the prognosis. PMID- 1122661 TI - Hypertension, renal vein thrombosis and renal failure (occurring in a patient on an oral contraceptive agent). AB - A case of accelerated hypertension leading to renal failure in a young woman taking an oral contraceptive agent is described. During the course of her disease the left kidney was documented to decrease in size. Renal vein plasma renin activity was found to be elevated on the left in the absence of renal artery stenosis. Left nephrectomy, prompted by continuing poor blood pressure control, resulted in amelioration of the hypertension. Left renal vein thrombosis was found at surgery. It is suggested that renal vein thrombosis was a contributing factor to this patient's accelerated hypertension and may represent an unusual thrombotic complication of oral contraceptives. PMID- 1122662 TI - Radical vulvectomy and bilateral superficial and deep groin and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Critique. PMID- 1122663 TI - Radical vulvectomy and bilateral superficial and deep groin and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Critique. PMID- 1122664 TI - Clinical biostatistics XXXI. On the sensitivity, specificity, and discrimination of diagnostic tests. PMID- 1122665 TI - Letter: Intravenous digoxin as a bioavailability standard. PMID- 1122666 TI - Letter: Concentration of morphine equivalent in urine. PMID- 1122667 TI - Determination of propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene by chemical ionization mass fragmentography. AB - The kinetics of propoxyphene and its primary metabolite, norpropoxyphene, have been simultaneously re-evaluated in man by using gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, deuterium-labeled mass internal standards, and multiple ion monitoring. Plasma concentrations in 4 volunteers determined for as long as 240 hr after single oral doses of 2 propoxyphene salts indicate the overall half-life of propoxyphene to be 11.8 hr and of norpropoxyphene to be 36.6 hr. PMID- 1122668 TI - Blood flow in muscle groups and drug absorption. AB - Resting human muscle blood flow (MBF) was determined simultaneously in the usual intramuscular injection sites to resolve whether variance in MBF could account for differences in drug absorption. Three pairs of muscles (gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, and deltoid) were studied in each of 20 adult subjects. Use of dual, matched linear rate meters allowed two muscles to be studied simultaneously, with the order of injection random within an incomplete block design. MBF was calculated from the 133xenon washout rate using a single exponential that the computer found to best fit the data. Deltoid MBF (11.6 ml/100 gm/min plus or minus 0.5) was significantly (p smaller than 0.05) greater than gluteus MBF (9.6 plus or minus 0.5), with vastus or between right and left sides for each muscle. These data indicate that there are consistent differencies in resting MBF among specific muscle groups of sufficient magnitude (19%) to affect the rate of absorption and peak serum levels following intramuscular administration of drugs. PMID- 1122669 TI - Altered plasma half-lives of antipyrine, propylthiouracil, and methimazole in thyroid dysfunction. AB - In normal, nonmedicated volunteers and in patients with thyroid disorders the plasma half-lives of antipyrine, propylthiouracil, and methimazole were determined after single oral doses. The plasma half-liver plus or minus S.D. of antipyrine, propylthiouracil, and methimazole were 11.9 plus or minus 1.4 hr, 6.7 plus or minus 1.0 hr, and 9.3 plus or minus 1.4 hr, respectively, in normal volunteers, but were shortened to 7.7 plus or minus 1.2 hr, 4.3 plus or minus 0.7 hr, and 6.9 plus or minus 0.6 hr, respectively, in hyperthyroid patients. In hypothyroid patients the plasma half-lives of these drugs were prolonged to 26.4 plus or minus 4.0 hr, 24.7 plus or minus 34.5 hr, and 13.6 plus or minus 4.8 hr, respectively. Return to the euthyroid state restored plasma half-lives to or toward normal. Alterations in plasma drug half-lives during thyroid dysfunction appear to result mainly from accelerated hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in hyperthyroidism and retarded drug biotransformation during hypothyroidism. PMID- 1122670 TI - Hemolysis induced by 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine riboside, an adenosine analogue. AB - 6-N-Hydroxylaminopurine riboside (HAPR) was studied in man because of its therapeutic activity in several transplanted animal neoplasms. It was not cross resistant to other antimetabolites useful in the treatment of human neoplasia. HAPR produced marked hemolytic anemia at doses far below those that might have produced any cytotoxic or therapeutic effect. There was evidence of hemolysis at total doses as low as 0.5 mg/kg given intravenously. For man, HAPR is one of the most active hemolytic drugs. PMID- 1122671 TI - Thioridazine: central dopamine turnover and clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs. AB - Thioridazine was administered to 14 patients diagnosed as within the "schizophrenic spectrum" with the result that substantial improvement in psychotic symptoms was achieved while significant extrapyramidal side effects occurred in only 1 patients. Under these conditions lumbar cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid following probenecid was significantly elevated (48%). Cerebrospinal fluid probenecid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid declined significantly during treatment with thioridazine. Taken in conjunction with the results of other studies, it appears that cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid can be moderately elevated in man during successful treatment with antipsychotic drugs when extrapyramidal side effects are virtually absent. Possible interpretations of these results are discussed with regard to the clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs as they relate to central dopaminergic activity. PMID- 1122672 TI - Hemodialysis in an infant with propoxyphene intoxication. AB - A 10-month-old infant was treated with intensive supportive care and hemodialysis for severe propoxyphene intoxication. Dialysis clearance studies demonstrated that propoxyphene was removed from the serum at approximately 50% of the rate of blood urea nitrogen removal. Possibly because of tissue binding of the drug, the absolute quantity of propoxyphene removed by dialysis was small. The child survived the acute episode of intoxication but died of pulmonary complications several days later. The role of dialysis in propoxyphene intoxication remains to be established. PMID- 1122673 TI - Nicotine regulation and cigarette smoking. AB - A study was conducted to determine whether there is nicotine regulation in cigarette smoking. Tar levels, which often covary with nicotine manipulations, were controlled for by the use of nicotine in chewing gums. Nicotine in cigarettes was also used for preloading. High nicotine cigarette preloads were followed by longer latencies to the next cigarette than were the low nicotine cigarette preloads. High nicotine gum preloads were followed by less puffing on the subsequent cigarettes than were the low nicotine gum preloads. PMID- 1122674 TI - The effect of pindolol on exercise-induced cardiac acceleration in relation to plasma levels in man. AB - The correlation between the beta receptor blocking activity of pindolol and plasma level was studied in 8 subjects after a 10-mg oral dose. Exercise tachycardia was markedly reduced over a period of at least 6 hr. Significant effects were recorded 30 min after the drug. For each individual there was a close correlation between log plasma level and beta blockade. The regression lines were parallel as shown by analysis of covariance; the intercepts, however, were significantly different. It can be concluded that there is a correlation between plasma level and beta adrenergic blockade by pindolol, but the data failed to establish in different individuals the blood levels necessary to achieve effective adrenergic blockade. PMID- 1122675 TI - Antiarrhythmic potency of N-acetylprocainamide. AB - Compared to procainamide in an animal arrhythmic model, the antiarrhythmic potency of the N-acetylated metabolite of procainamide (NAPA) was 92% with respect to dose and 70% with respect to plasma level. The antiarrhythmic effects of combinations of the drugs were additive. Measurements of procainamide and NAPA plasma levels needed to suppress ventricular extrasystoles suggested that both compounds are nearly equipotent in patients as well. The average plasma level required for arrhythmia control in these patients was equivalent to 5.1 mcg/ml procainamide. Since patients on long-term procainamide therapy have plasma concentrations of NAPA that are usually comparable to, and occasionally greater than, their procainamide levels, dose regiments based on procainamide levels alone need revision to include consideration of the levels of this metabolite. PMID- 1122676 TI - Effect of nortestosterone decanoate on red cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and hematocrit in hemodialysis patients. AB - The effects of intramuscular 200-mg nortestosterone decanoate (ND) on red cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentration and packed cell volumes (PCV) were compared in 9 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis for renal failure and in 18 control patients undergoing hemodialysis but not receiving ND. Subjects had received the drug 4.3 plus or minus 0.3 (SEM.) months at the time of DPG determinations. DPG was similar in treated patients and in the control subjects: 6.27 plus or minus 0.22 mM/L RBC and 6.16 plus or minus 0.23 mM/L RBC, respectively. The initial PCV was also similar: 21.72% plus or minus 1.36 and 20.13% plus or minus 0.91. Although the mean PCV during treatment was higher for 5 of 9 ND-treated patients (p smaller than 0.01), the final PCV prior to termination of therapy was greater than the initial pretreatment PCV in only 2 of these 5 patients (p greater than 0.05). We conclude that 200 mg ND weekly has no effect on the red cell DPG and a transient unsustained effect in raising the PCV in male chronic hemodialysis patients over a 5-month period of treatment. PMID- 1122677 TI - Pharmacological activity, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of glycinexylidide. AB - Glycinexylidide (GX) is a metabolite of lidocaine that is frequently present in mug/ml concentrations in the plasma of patients treated with lidocaine infusions for 24 hr or more. Plasma levels of GX have 26% the antiarrhythmic activity of lidocaine in an animal model, and GX adversely affects the mental performance of normal subjects at plasma concentrations comparable to those found in patients. The total volume of GX distribution in man is similar to that of lidocaine but the plasma clearance is less, so that the 10-hr elimination phase half-life of GX is much longer than the 1 1/2 hr half-life reported in normal subjects for lidocaine. About half of an administered dose of GX is excreted unchanged in urine, roughly 15% appears in urine as conjugates of xylidine and p-OH xylidine, and the fate of the rest is unknown. PMID- 1122678 TI - Neurologic and electroencephalographic correlates in glutethimide intoxication. AB - Neurologic and electroencephalographic (EEG) examinations were performed every two hours during a case of severe glutethimide intoxication resulting from the acute ingestion of at least 15 grams of glutethimide. Neurologic data were reduced to 10 measurements of brainstem function and plotted as an index that varied cyclically in amplitude during the clinical course. Electroencephalographic data were computer-processed by power spectral methods and related to the brainstem function index. Good positive correlation existed between the frequency and reactivity of EEG activity and the level of brainstem function as reflected in the index. The cyclic and, sometimes, unilateral nature of the clinical findings previously reported in glutethimide coma was confirmed and seen to be reflected in the EEG. The present case also indicates that, in the absence of cerebral ischemia or hypoxemia secondary to cardiopulmonary depression, complete clinical recovery from glutethimide-induced coma is possible no matter how severe the presenting neurologic and EEG signs. PMID- 1122679 TI - Letter: Heparin half-life in normal and impaired renal function. PMID- 1122680 TI - Determinants of the renal clearance of digoxin. AB - The renal clearances of digoxin, creatinine, and urea nitrogen were determined simultaneously in each of 41 patients receiving digoxin, in most of whom there was prerenal azotemia. Mean plus or minus SD values were: blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 26.1 plus or minus 12.8 mg per 100 ml; creatine, 1.1 + 0.41 mg per 100 ml; creatinine clearance, 78 plus or minus 42 ml/min/1.73 m2; digoxin clearance, 66.6 plus or minus 42.1 ml/min/1.73 m2; urea nitrogen clearance, 27.8 plus or minus 19.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. Correlation analysis revealed that urea clearance is superior to creatinine clearance, and BUN is superior to serum creatinine concentration in the degree of relationship to renal digoxin clearance. Moreover, using partial correlation techniques, it is apparent that in these patinets digoxin clearance was significantly related to urine flow rate. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that digoxin undergoes some degree of tubular reabsorption as well as filtration and secretion. PMID- 1122681 TI - Acetylation of procainamide in man and its relationship to isonicotinic acid hydrazide acetylation phenotype. AB - To assess the extent of the acetylation of procainamide (PA) to N acetylprocainamide (NAPA) in man, and its relation to isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) acetylation phenotype, the following study was done. Fourteen subjects received 500 mg of PA - HCL orally. INH acetylation phenotype was determined by the serum half-life of INH after 4 mg/kg of INH orally. Each urine voided for 96 hr after procainamide was saved and levels of procainamide and NAPA measured by gas-liquid chromatography. The 14 subjects eliminated 52 plus or minus 4 percent of the dose as procainamide and 16 plus or minus 2 percent of the dose as NAPA. Four fast INH acetylators eliminated 23 plus or minus 3 percent of the dose as NAPA compared to 12 plus or minus 1 percent by the slow acetylators (p smaller than 0.05). The amount of unaltered procainamide excreted by the fast and slow INH acetylators was not significantly different, 50 plus or minus 4 percent and 53 plus or minus 4 percent, respectively. Of the total amount of drug recovered in the urine of the fast and slow INH acetylators, NAPA accounted for 32 percent and 19 percent, respectively (p smaller than 0.01). There appears to be a positive correlation between the ability to acetylate INH and the ability to acetylate procainamide. PMID- 1122682 TI - Effect of glucagon on digital circulation. AB - The effect of glucagon on the digital circulation was studied in 7 subjects using the digital rheoplethysmograph (RPG). Rheoplethysmograms were continuously recorded while glucagon (0.1 to 2.0 mg) was injected into the brachial artery of the same extremity being studied with the RPG. The injection of glucagon was associated with a "tingling" or "burning" sensation in 3 subjects. The initial response, which was maximal 8 to 27 sec after the injection of glucagon, was constriction of the arteries, veins, and A-V shunts. The late response consisted of reopening of the arteries and veins. However, in some patients, there was RPG evidence of persistent constriction of the A-V shunts. It is suggested that the late response is similar to that observed in reactive hyperemia and following injection of bradykinin and, therefore, may be related to local release of vasoactive substances by glucagon. PMID- 1122683 TI - Pharmacokinetics of procainamide intravenously and orally as conventional and slow-release tablets. AB - Pharmacokinetics of procainamide were studied in healthy volunteers after single doses intravenously and orally as conventional and slow-release tablets and after repeated oral doses to steady state. The initial distribution after intravenous administration was rapid and the overall elimination in the beta-phase corresponded to t1/2 of 2.7 hr. The mean volume of the central compartment was small and only 4 percent of V-d (beta), which was 2.3 l/kg body weight. About 65 percent was excreted unchanged after intravenous administration and about 55 percent after a single oral dose of 500 mg. The recovery of the metabolite N acetylprocainamide was 12 percent after both routes of administration. Procainamide was completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the first-pass elimination was very limited. The rates of absorption from the tablet compositions were well correlated to the in vitro dissolution properties. Administration of slow-release tablets every 8 hr gave about the same mean plasma level at steady state as ordinary tablets given every 4 hr, and the availability was the same from both preparations. The occasional high plasma concentration peaks after ordinary tablets were not observed after the slow-release tablets. Renal clearance was about 500 ml/min, indicating an active secretion in the tubules. PMID- 1122684 TI - Plasma protein binding of carbamazepine. AB - The binding of carbamazepine to the proteins of human plasma has been studied using ultrafiltration techniques. In vitro studies at 37 degrees C showed the relation between concentration of unbound drug and total drug to be linear through the range of total concentration of 5 to 50 mug/ml. The per cent unbound drug increased slightly as concentration increased. There was little difference between the extent of binding at 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C, but more carbamazepine was unbound at 37 degrees C. Under in vitro conditions, 6 other anticonvulsants, and aspirin, were tested individually, each at high therapeutic or toxic concentration, and shown not to displace carbamazepine from plasma proteins to a significant degree. The extent of binding of carbamazepine in vivo was determined in a total of 54 plasma samples collected from treated patients; 26.9 plus or minus SD 9.4 percent of the drug was unbound. In blood samples from 23 of these patients, the red cell concentration of carbamazepine averaged 38.3 plus or minus SD 17.9 percent of the plasma concentration. The effects of hepatic and renal diseases on the carbamazepine binding capacity of plasma proteins were assessed by comparing the binding capacity of plasma from disease persons with that from normal subjects. There was no significant difference in binding capacity between plasma from patients with renal disease and that from normal subjects. However, the plasma from patients with hepatic disease bound a slightly lower percentage of carbamazepine than did normal plasma (p smaller than 0.05). This alteration did not correlate with changes in any of 15 biochemical parameters measured in these patients. The clinical significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 1122685 TI - Ticarcillin vs carbenicillin: clinical pharmacokinetics. AB - The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ticarcillin, a semisynthetic penicillin more active than carbenicillin against Pseudomonas, were compared to those of carbenicillin in 12 healthy volunteers. Following an intravenous infusion of 2 gm in 5 min, there was a lower average serum level for ticarcillin (218 mug/ml) than for carbenicillin (301 mug/ml), but after 2 hr the differences were not significant. The biologic half-life of ticarcillin was slightly longer than that of carbenicillin (72 and 65 min, P smaller than 0.01) and its volume of distribution was larger (15.7 and 12.3 l, P smaller than 0.01). Eighty-six per cent of the dose of ticarcillin and 99 percent of the dose of carbenicillin was recovered in the urine in 24 hr. Similar but much less marked blood level differences were noted with 2 gm, 30-min infusions. An intravenous infusion of 1 gm/hr gave average steady-state blood levels of about 124 mug/ml for both antibiotics. Probenecid, administered 1 hr before the infusion, caused significant and similar increases in blood levels, half-lives, and volumes of distribution of the 2 antibiotics. Protein binding in 100 percent human serum was 50 percent and 65 percent for carbenicillin and ticarcillin, respectively. These relatively small but definite differences in the pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and carbenicillin are not likely to be of clinical significance. PMID- 1122686 TI - Effects of etiocholanolone-induced fever on plasma antipyrine half-lives and metabolic clearance. AB - The plasma half-life and metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine, a drug metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes, were determined in 33 normal volunteers during a basal state and during fever induced with a single intramuscular injection of etiocholanolone. Of the 14 normal volunteers who achieved significant fever (fever index greater than 50), in 11 plasma antipyrine half-life was prolonged after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg and antipyrine metabolic clearance rate was decreased. There was no significant change of these mean values in 19 normal volunteers who failed to develop significant fever (fever index smaller than 50). Therefore, under the conditions of this study plasma antipyrine half-life was prolonged, probably due to impaired hepatic metabolism, during etiocholanolone-induced fever, although no correlation was observed between the magnitude of fever and the extent to which plasma antipyrine half-life was prolonged. Failure to obtain such a correlation may be attributable to the very small range of temperature elevation, extending from 37.9 degrees C to 39.2 degrees C, in the group of 14 subjects achieving significant etiocholanolone-induced fever (fever index greater than 50). A higher dose of antipyrine (18 mg/kg) suppressed induction of fever by etiocholanolone; antipyrine is the only orally administered drug thus far shown to be effective in repressing etiocholanolone-induced fever. PMID- 1122687 TI - Pseudoproteinuria in tolmetin-treated patients. AB - In a clinical study of the new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug tolmetin, the urines of 5 patients reacted positively when tested for protein by the standard sulfosalicylic acid method. Pseudoproteinuria, due to the precipitation by acid of the major metabolite of tolmetin, was suspected. The urines were subsequently tested for protein by the following alternate methods: solubility of acid precipitate test, heat coagulation test, Upjohn modification of the sulfosalicylic acid test, biuret test, Albustix, and electrophoresis. All were negative for protein. These results confirmed that the reactions with the sulfosalicylic acid test did not indicate true proteinuria but pseudoproteinuria. It is suggested that patients who receive tolmetin be tested for proteinuria by methods other than those involving acid precipitation. PMID- 1122688 TI - Influence of diet and fluid on bioavailability of theophylline. AB - The influence of various test meals, and of fluid volumes, on the bioavailability of theophylline from a solid dosage form has been studied in healthy male volunteers. Absorption of a drug was faster after dosing immediately following a high protein meal than after a high fat or a high carbohydrate meal. Absorption from a solution was faster than from a solid dosage form in all treatments; areas under serum level time curves after dosing were also significantly higher up to 12 hr. Areas up to 12 hr after dosing also tended to be higher after the high protein meal and after dosing with 500 ml water on an empty stomach than after other solid dose treatments. PMID- 1122689 TI - Diphenylhydantoin elimination kinetics in overdosed children. AB - Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) elimination was studied in 4 overdosed children who presented with serum concentrations ranging from 44 to 76 mg/l. Serum was assayed for DPH and urine was assayed for both DPH and 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5 phenylhydantoin (HPPH). The serum and urine data were subjected to simultaneous computer nonlinear regression analysis using a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, which accounts for much of the known disposition kinetics of DPH. Computed values for the apparent in vivo Michaelis-Menten constants, K-M and V max, were compared with values derived from data in the literature for normal adult subjects. A trend toward relatively lower K-M and higher V max/K-M values was seen in children. Patients with higher V max values had greater urinary excretion rates of HPPH which, at high serum levels of DPH, were relatively constant except for an apparent diurnal rhythm. The time of onset of DPH toxicity in the children was related to the magnitude by which the rate of DPH administration exceeded the V max values. PMID- 1122690 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide. AB - A multicompartment pharmacokinetic model for ifosfamide has been employed using a system of first-order differential equations, which includes a term for metabolism according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics in order to describe the distribution and elimination parameters of ifosfamide in man. The model satisfactorily accounts for all the administered drug. The pseudometabolic rate constant for ifosfamide in man is found to be less than 20 percent of that reported for cyclophosphamide in man, in agreement with the more extensive metabolism of cyclophosphamide than ifosfamide. A number of the pharmacokinetic parameters for ifosfamide differ substantially from those reported for cyclophosphamide. The volume of distribution for ifosfamide metabolites was found to be approximately equal to the plasma space volume. The central compartment volume for intact ifosfamide is slightly larger than for cyclophosphamide and includes the easily diffusible extravascular space of the body and suggests lack of protein binding. The renal clearance of ifosfamide is low and about twice that of cyclophosphamide. The model indicates that only a small fraction of the total metabolites distribute into the peripheral compartment and suggests that multiple doses of the drug may be useful. PMID- 1122691 TI - XXXII. biologic dependency, "hypothesis testing", unilateral probabilities, and other issues in scientific direction vs. statistical duplexity. PMID- 1122692 TI - Clinical and radiological features of aberrant insertion of the common bile duct. AB - Five examples of aberrant insertion of the common bile duct into a duodenal diverticulum are reported. One is thought to be the fifth published case diagnosed pre-operatively by simple radiological techniques. The association with biliary and pancreatic disease is emphasised, together with the possibility of surgical relief. The literature is reviewed and the radiological features discussed with a view to increasing the frequency of preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 1122693 TI - Primary lymphoreticular tumours in the orbit. AB - This paper reviews 46 cases of primary lymphoreticular tumours presenting in the orbit treated at the Christie Hospital between 1932 and 1969. Primary control of the orbital disease was readily achieved with a single exposure of 800 rad of orthovoltage X-rays to a single anterior field of 7 cm diameter and no case recurred in the orbit. The extent of the disease is a more important factor than the exact histological diagnosis in determining the prognosis, but none of five cases of benign lymphoma has developed disease elsewhere in a period of 5-7 years after treatment. The prognosis is good with a crude five-year survival of 54 percent, but if the disease is initially confined to the orbit 70 percent survive five years. PMID- 1122694 TI - A comparison of thermography, radioisotope scanning and clinical assessment of the knee joints in haemophilia. AB - Thermography, radioactive scanning and clinical assessment of the knee joints of a series of patients with haemophilia or Christmas disease have been performed. A positive correlation was found between the abnormalities of the thermograms, radioactive scans and the clinical signs in acute haemarthrosis, but not in chronic haemophilic joint disease nor in patients without clinical joint disease. No correlation between the thermograms, radioactive scans and the number of previous joint bleeds was shown. Thermography and radionuclide scanning provide rapid means of quantifying changes within the haemophilic joint and may be useful in assessing treatment of haemophilic haemarthrosis. PMID- 1122695 TI - Congenital fusion of bones: radiology, embryology and pathogenesis. AB - Congenital fusion of bones of the limbs, a recurrent feature in thalidomide embryopathy, is discussed in terms of embryology. It is deduced that congenital fusion is neither a bone disease nor a cartilage disease, but a disorder of organisation of mesenchyme in the fifth week of life. It is suggested that the organising tissue is the sensory nerve. Hereditary influence is briefly mentioned. PMID- 1122696 TI - Congenital absence of a pedicle in a cervical vertebra. AB - The importance of agenesis of a pedicle lies in its resemblance to a destructive lesion of the pedicle or to an expanding lesion in an intervertebral foramen. The correct diagnosis can be made roentgenologically by demonstrating a widened intervertebral foramen at the level of an absent pedicle with posterior displacement of the maldeveloped lateral mass. Two cases of agenesis of a pedicle in a cervical vertebra are presented. PMID- 1122697 TI - The value of tomography of the sterno-clavicular region. AB - Nine patients out of a series of 20 are presented illustrating some of the conditions which may affect the sterno-clavicular region (SCR). The value of tomography as a routine procedure in the study of the SCR is stressed, as in many cases the plain film studies fail to reveal clear-cut evidence of pathological changes. Establishing the exact aetiological nature of the lesion is not always possible by means of radiology alone. However, the radiological demonstration of disease in the SCR is invaluable as a guide to the further management of the patient. PMID- 1122698 TI - Total hip prosthesis: real and apparent dislocation. AB - Asymmetry of the femoral head within the acetabular cup shown in an antero posterior radiograph of the hip is an indication of dislocation of the prosthesis after a Charnley-Muller procedure. However, this rule does not apply to modifications such as the Aufranc-Turner prosthesis. PMID- 1122699 TI - Cumulative radiation effect. part IV. Normalisation of fractionated and continuous therapy - area and volume correction factors. AB - In three previous papers, a scale of accumulated sub-tolerance radiation damage, the Cumulative Radiation Effect (CRE), was described for fractionated treatment regimes and continuous radiation therapy from both long-lived and short-lived sources. This scale provides a means of assessing and comparing the biological effects of various treatments. In this paper, it is intended to further the scope of application of the CRE-system by describing in detail the normalisation between the assessments of fractionated and continuous therapy. To do this, it is necessary to consider area and volume correction factors, whose roles are to modify the values of uncorrected CREs so that a specific biological effect, regardless of the area or volume treated, is described by a unique value of the corrected CRE. The problem arising when the CRE achieved by a treatment regime is not constant over a volume is briefly discussed and a simple hypothesis is proposed which may stimulate interest in this problem. The establishment of a normalisation procedure between fractionated treatment regimes and continuous radiation therapy, which is the primary aim of this paper, serves to integrate the concept of the CRE into a unified system of assessment of biological damage, so that a unique value of the CRE describes a specific level of biological damage regardless of the area or volume treated, or the time course of administration of the radiation employed. PMID- 1122700 TI - A review of the role of lymphography in the management of testicular tumours. AB - The pedal lymphographic findings in 260 patients with testicular tumours are reviewed: 117 patients had a seminoma, 105 had a teratoma and 38 combined tumours. 26 percent of seminomas were associated with a positive lymphogram, corresponding figures being 42 percent for teratomas and 53 percent for combined tumours. The role of the lymphogram is (1) to stage the case so that the extent and form of the treatment can be logically assessed, (2) to plan accurately radiotherapy treatment fields, (3) to observe the results of treatment on serial follow-up films, (4) to detect the recurrence of tumour using "re-fill" lymphography if necessary, (5) to show possible unsuspected metastases involving supraclavicular and mediastinal glands, and (6) to give a prognosis, since a negative lymphogram suggests an excellent chance of survival. Three main types of lymphographic appearances are recognized: nodal, mass replacement and "pseudo lymphomatous". Nodal deposits are most common. Most positive findings are in the para-aortic chain on the same side as the tumour. Iliac involvement is much less common. Seminomas in this series showed a 96 percent crude three-year survival rate. For teratomas and combined tumours the three-year survival rates were 59 percent and 61 percent respectively, but deaths are uncommon in the lymphographically negative Stage I cases. Bone deposits are rare. Only two were found in this series. We do not perform testicular lymphography, but consider there is a useful role for inferior venacavography when there is poor filling of upper para-aortic nodes at lymphography. The importance of taking follow-up films after the initial examination is stressed. PMID- 1122701 TI - Isolation and chemical characterization of disc-electrophoretically pure haemolymph proteins of Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth). PMID- 1122702 TI - The biliary bile acids of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and the blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus. PMID- 1122703 TI - Metabolism of 60Co in chickens: retention and distribution. PMID- 1122704 TI - Elasmobranch hemoglobins: dimerization and polymerization in various species. PMID- 1122705 TI - Composition of oil in fish bones: possible function in neutral buoyancy. PMID- 1122706 TI - Protease activation in the starfish Asterias forbesi. PMID- 1122707 TI - Digestive carbohydrases in the salivary gland and midgut of several phytophagous bugs. PMID- 1122708 TI - Structure and function of parasite surface membranes. I. Mechanical of phlorizin inhibition of hexose transport by the cestode Hymenolepis deminuta. PMID- 1122709 TI - Comparative study of lipolytic activities of rabbit and rat aortas and arteries of human umbilical cord. PMID- 1122710 TI - (14C)-precursors incorporation into adenine and uridine nucleotides of the liver of some vertebrates. PMID- 1122711 TI - Multiple end products of anaerobiosis in diving vertebrates. PMID- 1122712 TI - Liver esterases of the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) Characterization effects of detergents and possible aggregation of non-specific esterases into macromolecular complexes. PMID- 1122714 TI - Genetic identification of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) populations on the basis of tetrazolium oxidase polymorphism. PMID- 1122713 TI - The effect of carbon dioxide anesthesia on the lactate and pyruvate levels in the hemolymph of Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) pupae. PMID- 1122715 TI - The distribution of the D-aspartate oxidase activity in Cephalopoda. PMID- 1122716 TI - Steroid formation by the adrenal tissue of the possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). PMID- 1122717 TI - Carotenoids in two silk moths Saturnia pavonia L. and Actia luna L. PMID- 1122718 TI - Biologically active proteins in the venomous glands of the polychaetous annelid, Glycera convoluta Keferstein. PMID- 1122719 TI - Purification and properties of an insect dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 1122720 TI - A comparison of rat and Drosophila spermatozoan metabolisms. PMID- 1122721 TI - Effect of incubation temperature on hepatic palmitate metabolism in rats, hamsters and ground squirrels. PMID- 1122722 TI - Kinetic studies on the erythrocyte hexokinase of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa. PMID- 1122723 TI - Monosaccharidase activity and pyruvate, lactate and carbon dioxide content of the Vespa orientalis hemolymph. PMID- 1122724 TI - Effects of parasitism on the esterase isozyme patterns of fish eyes. PMID- 1122725 TI - Pheromone metabolism in male Pseudaletia separata (Walk.) and Mamsetra configurata (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PMID- 1122726 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of the mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. IV. Formation of LDH-X (C4) and its hybrids in vivo. PMID- 1122727 TI - Geographic variation of blood proteins and the systematics of kingsnakes (Lampropeltis getulus). PMID- 1122728 TI - Red cell and serum protein systems of grey seals and habour seals. PMID- 1122729 TI - Investigations of the capacity of synthesizing 3beta-sterols in Mollusca. XIII. Biosynthesis and composition of sterols in some bivalves (Anisomyaria). PMID- 1122730 TI - Investigations of the capacity of synthesizing 3beta-sterols in Mollusca. XIV. Biosynthesis and composition of sterols in some bivalves (Eulamellibranchia). PMID- 1122731 TI - What about squalene in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris? PMID- 1122732 TI - Seasonal changes in 17 beta-hydroxysteroids in the plasma of a male lizard (Tiliqua rugosa). PMID- 1122733 TI - Blood glucose, total serum cholesterol and total bilirubin levels of rats following extraintestinal migration of Strongyloides venezuelensis (Brumpt, 1934). PMID- 1122734 TI - The different activities of arginase, arginine synthetase, ornithine transcarbamoylase and delta-ornithine transaminase in the liver and blood cells of some farm animals. PMID- 1122735 TI - Lactic dehydrogenase and citric synthetase in muscle of the neonate chick. PMID- 1122736 TI - Erythrocyte metabolism in the yellow perch (Perca flavescens mitchill). I. Glycolytic enzymes. PMID- 1122737 TI - The electrophoresis of the high-tyrosine proteins of keratins on cellulose acetate strips. PMID- 1122738 TI - Comparative biochemistry of serum albumin. A serum albumin-like protein from carp, Cyprinus carpio. PMID- 1122739 TI - Sterol, fatty acid and elemental composition of diatoms grown in chemically defined media. PMID- 1122740 TI - Steroidogenesis in ovarian tissue of a viviparous teleost, the guppy Poecilia reticulata. PMID- 1122741 TI - Comparative lipid patterns in acoustical and nonacoustical fatty tissues of dolphins, porpoises and toothed whales. PMID- 1122742 TI - Fatty acid composition of Dall sheep bone marrow. PMID- 1122743 TI - Inhibition of melanization in homogenates of larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PMID- 1122744 TI - An inhibitor of microsomal oxidation from gut tissues of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). PMID- 1122745 TI - Galapagos reptiles: serum protein immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 1122746 TI - A general classification model with specific application to response to adrenalectomy in women with breast cancer. PMID- 1122747 TI - Lowest order computer-oriented "ring index" diagrams-verifying correct orientation of fused hexagonal ring systems. PMID- 1122748 TI - Metabolic compartmentation in amphibian skin epidermis: a computer simulation study. PMID- 1122749 TI - Computer algorithm for the tomographic image reconstruction with X-ray transmission scans. PMID- 1122750 TI - Iodine kinetics and hypothalamo-pituitary regulation of thyroid function following its short-term inhibition: simulation with the aid of compartmental system modelling (COSMO). PMID- 1122751 TI - Computerized measurements of cardiac transmembrane potentials. PMID- 1122752 TI - A computer simulation program for the study of cellular growth kinetics and its application to the analysis of human lymphoma cells in vitro. PMID- 1122753 TI - Assessment of clinical testing methodology. PMID- 1122754 TI - Intrauterine medication with epsilon aminocaproic acid. Effect on Rhesus monkeys wearing intrauterine devices. PMID- 1122755 TI - Luteolytic and abortifacient effects in rhesus monkeys of silicone vaginal rings containing 15(S)15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha methyl ester. PMID- 1122756 TI - Plasma levels of norethindrone after i.m. injection of 200 mg norethindrone enanthate. PMID- 1122757 TI - Blastocyst surface charge and implantation in the mouse. PMID- 1122758 TI - Subcellular distribution of trace metals in the normal and in the copper treated human secretory endometrium. PMID- 1122759 TI - Morphological studies of Dalkon shield tails removed from patients. PMID- 1122760 TI - Induction of midterm abortion in rabbits and hamsters with silastic-PVP tubes containing prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. PMID- 1122761 TI - President's page. PMID- 1122762 TI - Editorial: Echocardiograms and echocardiography. PMID- 1122763 TI - Editorial: Radiology and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. PMID- 1122764 TI - Editorial: Nomograms for pulmonary ventilatory function: should coronary heart disease patients be included? PMID- 1122765 TI - Histologic type of lung cancer in relation to smoking habits, year of diagnosis and sites of metastases. AB - A study was made of histologic type of lung cancer in relation to smoking habit, year of diagnosis, age and sites of metastasis. It comprised 662 autopsies of men during the period from 1955 to 1972. As classified by the WHO system, 35.2 percent were epidermoid carcinoma, 24.6 percent were small cell carcinoma, 25.2 percent were adenocarcinoma and 14.2 percent were large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. The six non-smokers of the series were all found to be in class 3, adenocarcinoma. No clearcut and consistent relationships were observed. Although there was a steady decrease in the incidence of small cell carcinoma during this time period, this observation did not prove to be statistically significant. Small cell carcinomas increased with amount of smoking but not for all age groups. Adenocarcinomas decreased with advancing age but not in all smoking groups. Metastases were found in 96.3 percent of the cases and the sites most frequently involved were regional lymph nodes, liver, brain, distant lymph nodes, adrenals and bone. Small cell carcinomas showed the greatest percentage of involvement for those major sites and for the same sites, epidermoid carcinoma showed the lowest percentage. PMID- 1122766 TI - Myocardial ischemic effects of isometric, dynamic and combined exercise in coronary artery disease. AB - The electrocardiographic effects isometric (handgrip) and combined isometric dynamic (treadmill-plus-brief-case) exercise were evaluated and compared to a submaximal treadmill stress test in 140 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Only 3 of 90 patients developed ischemic ST changes during handgrip, as opposed to 25 positive treadmill tests (p less than 0.01). Of 19 of 50 patients who were positive during the standard treadmill test, only 17 showed positive findings during the combined treadmill-briefcase test. Analysis of hemodynamic responses showed significant (p less than 0.01) differences between the handgrip and treadmill tests in terms of heart rate response (control 83 plus or minus beats/minute, handgrip 105 plus or minus 4, treadmill 151 plus or minus 6), diastolic blood pressure (control 80 plus or minus 2 mm Hg, isometric 93 plus or minus 3, treadmill 81 plus or minus 3) and heart rate-systolic pressure product (control 9940 plus or minus 564 units, handgrip 15022 plus or minus 779, treadmill 22270 plus or minus 1147). In comparing treadmill and combined treadmill-briefcase tests, significant differences were seen in systolic blood pressure (control 114 plus or minus 2 mm Hg, treadmill 143 plus or minus 3, briefcase 155 plus or minus 3), diastolic blood pressure (control 83 plus or minus 2 mm Hg, treadmill 82 plus or minus 2, briefcase 89 plus or minus 2) and rate-pressure product (control 10134 plus or minus 373, treadmill 19624 plus or minus 777, briefcase 21201 plus or minus 798). Isometric exercise alone is much less likely to produce myocardial ischemia than vigorous dynamic exercise. Higher arterial diastolic (coronary perfusion) pressure may retard the development of myocardial ischemia during isometric or combined isometricdynamic exercise in coronary patients. PMID- 1122767 TI - A prospective study of complications after tracheostomy for assisted ventilation. AB - A prospective study of 40 patients having elective tracheostomy for ventilatory assistance used fiberoptic bronchoscopy and radiologic examination to assess tracheal healing after extubation. Ten percent of patients had bleeding complications of tracheostomy and 17.5 percent had tracheostomy management problems. Sixteen percent of survivors had asymptomatic stomal site tracheal narrowing and 8 percent required tracheal resection for symptomatic stomal site tracheal stenosis, 16 percent had asymptomatic tracheal defects at the cuff site. Stomal healing was seen to consist of gradual stomal shrinkage, resolution of tracheitis, and approximation of divided tracheal rings. No statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between various factors operative during ventilatory assistance and subsequent tracheal healing. All patients should have routine endoscopic or radiologic tracheal assessment after-tracheostomy. PMID- 1122768 TI - Hypersensitivity studies in popple (Aspen tree) peelers. AB - In the course of investigation of the relationship between hypersensitivity pneumonitis and the wood industry 45 popple peelers were studied. Four roentgenograms consistent with diffuse lung disease were found. All cases were in examinees who were also dairy farmers. Questionnaires revealed no instance of clinical symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Gel immunodiffusion studies were positive to various antigens in eight cases, but no correlation could be made with pulmonary function or chest roentgenogram abnormalities in relation to occupation. Cultures of the wood and the surrounding environment yielded thermophilic fungi as well as other known antigenic material. It is concluded that the occupation of popple peeling does not represent an increased risk of development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 1122769 TI - Mortality from heart disease in coal miners. AB - A study of 3,726 Appalachian coal miners was undertaken to determine the standard mortality ratio (SMR) for heart disease and to ascertain the effect of smoking, excess weight, and the level of physical activity on deaths due to this cause, SMR's were calculated for all forms of heart disease and also separately for ischemic heart disease. For heart disease as a whole, SMR's of 73 for working and 104 for nonworking miners were obtained. It was found in both working and nonworking miners that obese smokers had the greatest risk of dying of heart disease (SMR's of 142 and 144, respectively). In the nonsupervisory underground work categories of face, transportation, and maintenance, an increase of SMR was observed, with face having the lowest and maintenance workers having the highest SMR. Use of all men from seven Appalachian states vs all US men as a standard population tended to slightly reduce the calculated SMR's. PMID- 1122770 TI - Electrocardiographic findings in brain death; description and presumed mechanism. AB - Electrocardiogram changes and pharmacologic responses were studied in 28 cases of brain death. Cardiac activity in this condition is possibly determined by the dynamic balance between the depressant action of hypothermia and the stimulating action of the sympathetic nervous system (without any vagal or central influence). The electrocardiographic alterations are the results of this dual influence, and are probably characteristic of this condition. In the initial stage of brain death the ECG shows J waves in the terminal part of the QRS, prolongation of the QT interval and the ST-T changes; in the advanced stages, progressive showing of the heart rate and the depolarization and repolarization processes are observed (manifested by gradual accentuation of the findings mentioned above); in the terminal stage dynamic electrocardiographic changes (among them, progressive depression of sinus activity, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances and severe ST-T changes) appear. It is possible that additional factors, like metabolic changes and possible myocardial damage in some instances, may have some influence on the electrocardiographic pattern. Final conclusions cannot be drawn from these preliminary observations. The atropine test was found to be an efficient and simple diagnostic aid in cases of brain death. PMID- 1122772 TI - Uncommon conditions of the diaphragm. PMID- 1122771 TI - Echocardiographic Mimics of aortic root dissection. AB - Echocardiograms were recorded in two patients with suspected aortic root dissection. In the first patient with a massive pulmonary embolus, a simultaneous recording of the mitral ring and posterior aortic wall created a pattern similar to true posterior aortic wall dissection; in the second patient with severe generalized atherosclerosis, thickened aortic walls recorded echocardiographically were found at autopsy to be atherosclerotic plaques. These cases emphasize the potential for the false positive ultrasonic diagnosis of aortic root dissection. PMID- 1122773 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome type B with His depolarization occurring after the QRS. Further evidence that WPW-QRS is a fusion beat. AB - His bundle electrograms were recorded in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (type B) during atrial pacing studies and during the induction of premature atrial depolarization at varying coupling intervals. Early ventricular depolarization (preexcitation) occurred simultaneously with the His depolarization, suggesting that conduction occurred via both the Kent and the normal A-V nodal-His-Purkinje pathway during sinus rhythm. Atrial pacing at increasing rates showed progressive advance of the His spike into the QRS and increasing duration of the delta wave until the appearance of broad bizarre QRS complexes with prolonged P-J intervals, suggesting major, if not total, depolarization of the ventricle by the Kent pathway. PAD's induced at coupling intervals of 360, 330, and 300 msec caused progressive delay of the His bundle depolarization, with the His spike occurring after the QRS at S(1)-H intervals of 230, 265, and 325 msec, respectively, and Q-H intervals of 123, 160 and 220 msec, respectively. These findings suggest that during sinus rhythm the QRS was a fusion beat. With early premature atrial stimulation, conduction occurred solely via the Kent pathway, with conduction via the normal A-V nodal pathway encountering increasing delay. The finding of His depolarization occurring after the QRS suggests retrograde myocardial-His block, and may explain the absence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias in this patient. PMID- 1122774 TI - Electrocardiographic observations in bradycardia and tachycardia-dependent atrioventricular block. Relationship to supernormal phase of intraventricular conduction. AB - This report describes the clinical course of a patient with bradycardia and tachycardia-dependent atrioventricular block. Bradycardia dependent A-V block (phase 4 block) was transient and precipitated by spontaneous slowing of the sinus rate, atrial and ventricular extrasystoles; The degree of slowing (critical RP interval) required to induce A-V block increased progressively over a three day period. Bradycardia-dependent A-V block was terminated mostly by critically times spontaneous or paced ventricular escape beats, but normally conducted atrial impulses also appeared to restore A-V conduction on several occasions. The tachycardia-dependent component was manifested by an unusual fatigue phenomenon in the His-Purkinje system seen only at an atrial pacing rate of 150 per minute. These observations document the presence of both bradycardia and tachycardia dependent A-V block in the presence of a normal H-V time and also illustrate the dynamic nature of both phase 4 block and the period of "supernormal" intraventricular conduction. PMID- 1122775 TI - Tracheal tube cuffs and tracheal dilatation. AB - Although tracheal tube cuffs are well known to injure the trachea, attempts to design safer cuff systems have been only partially successful. In 14 dogs, we compared three models of high residual volume, low pressure cuffs, which are considered to be among the safest. Two were air-filled cuffs -- a maintained pressure cuff and a balloon reservoir cuff -- and the third was foam-filled. Tracheal dilatation was considerably more severe with mechanical ventilation than with spontaneous breathing, but the foam cuff produced significantly less dilatation (P less than .005) than the air-filled cuffs. PMID- 1122776 TI - Remote interpretation of chest roentgenograms. AB - A series of 98 chest films was interpreted by two physicians on the basis of monitor display of the transmitted television signal representing the roentgenographic image. The transmission path was 14 miles long, and included one active repeater station. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to compare interpretations rendered on television view of the image with classic, direct view interpretations of the same films. Performance in these two viewing modes was found to be quite similar. When films containing only hazy densities lacking internal structure or sharp margins, were removed from the sample, interpretation of the remaining films was essentially identical via the two modes. Since hazy densities are visible on retrospective examination, interpretation of roentgenograms at a distance via television appears to be a feasible route for delivery of radiologic services. PMID- 1122777 TI - Pulmonary vascular engorgement of the left lung. PMID- 1122778 TI - Discordant left ventricular pressure and apexcardiographic pulsus alternans. PMID- 1122779 TI - Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula: a complication of percutaneous subclavian vein puncture. AB - A case of iatrogenic subclavian arteriovenous fistula is reported. An intracath had been inserted percutaneously into the left subclavian vein to monitor the central venous pressure during aortic valve surgery. On the second postoperative day a thrill and continuous murmur were detected at the left subclavian region. Left subclavian arteriogram and catheterization studies confirmed the diagnosis of subclavian arteriovenous fistula. The lesion was treated surgically with satisfactory results. PMID- 1122780 TI - Endobronchial tamponade therapy for intractable hemoptysis. AB - The management of intractable hemoptysis, short of surgery, is poorly defined. A technique is described utilizing a bronchofiberscope and a Fogarty catheter that not only provides visualization of the source of bleeding, but also furnishes a means of controlling the bleeding. This technique can also be used through a rigid bronchoscope. PMID- 1122781 TI - Right juxtaposition of the atrial appendages. AB - We present an infant with right-sided juxtaposition of atrial appendages who had open heart surgery for ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. Of 12 cases thus far reported, ventricular d-loop was observed in nine, and normal position of great vessels in four. Contrary to previous views, this condition may not be accompanied by severe conotruncal anomalies. PMID- 1122782 TI - Severe hemolysis with a fabric-worn cloth-covered aortic valve prosthesis. AB - A patient developed severe hemolytic anemia one year after insertion of a cloth covered aortic valve prosthesis (Starr-Edwards No. 2320). The cloth over the three struts was disrupted but showed coverage with mostly organized collagen. Hemolysis stopped after replacement with a porcine heterograft. Fabric wear seems to augment the hemolysis in patients with cloth-covered artificial valves. PMID- 1122783 TI - Pulmonary granulomas in a patient with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. AB - A patient with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is described. Lung biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomas in conjunction with the typical vascular changes of this entity. This concurrence has not been previously described. PMID- 1122784 TI - Interaction of rifampin and warfarin. AB - A 72-year-old man who had been taking rifampin daily for several months was concurrently administered warfarin daily for ten weeks. During this period, the prothrombin time (PT) rose remarkably little as the dosage of warfarin was increased. With difficulty, satisfactory anticoagulation was achieved by giving warfarin 20 mg daily. On discontinuation of rifampin therapy, the PT increased significantly, and subsequent stabilization of the PT within therapeutic range required treatment with warfarin 7.5 mg daily. PMID- 1122785 TI - Systemic-to-pulmonary artery fistula following actinomycosis. AB - We report a case of pleuropulmonary actinomycosis in a child followed by a most unusual complication: the appearance of a systemic-to-pulmonary artery fistula in the area where the abscess was drained. Fifteen months after successful treatment with penicillin and surgical drainage, a continuous murmur was heard over the scar. Aortic angiography showed multiple connections between the intercostal arteries and the left pulmonary artery through an angiomatous lesion in the left lower lobe. This resulted in a considerable left-to-right shunt. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 1122786 TI - Simulated paraspinal tumor or abscess by rounded atelectasis of the lower lobe. AB - Lower lobe atelectasis may simulate paraspinal tumor or abscess when margins of the completely collapsed lobe become rounded laterally and the inferior edge separates from the diaphragm. We believe this unusual appearance relates to (1) influence of the pulmonary ligament and (2) total collapse of the lobe to its minimum possible volume. Three cases of different etiologies are herein presented. PMID- 1122787 TI - Letter: Multiple pulmonary tumors of unusual type. PMID- 1122788 TI - Letter: Multiple pulmonary tumors of unusual type. PMID- 1122789 TI - Letter: Selective coronary hypertension. PMID- 1122790 TI - Letter: Some observed asynchronous ventricular contractions versus "late systolic bulging of left ventricle.". PMID- 1122791 TI - Letter: Pulsus alternans in effusive pericarditis. PMID- 1122792 TI - [Clinical and organizational viewpoints of practical control of hospital infections]. PMID- 1122793 TI - [Antibiotics and their indications in surgery]. PMID- 1122794 TI - [Therapy of gas gangrene. Results and problems]. PMID- 1122795 TI - [Compression arthrodesis of the upper ankle joint-- indication, technics, results]. PMID- 1122796 TI - [The carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 1122797 TI - [Mediastinal and pleural effusion as a consequence of fresh fractures of the thoracic spine]. PMID- 1122799 TI - [Prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 1122798 TI - [Primary carcinoma of gallbladder. Report of 36 cases]. PMID- 1122800 TI - [Cine-angiographic determination of ventricular volumes with the help of a computer (author's transl)]. AB - A computerised method of determining ventricular volumes from cine-angiograms in two planes was developed. The heart is divided into a large number of sections by computer analysis, the volumes being obtained from the corresponding diameters in the two planes. Using a computer markedly facilitates calculations and the results are immediately available. Data for ventricular and stroke volumes agree well with those reported in the literature. PMID- 1122801 TI - [Ga-67 citrate scanning in the management of Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - 159 potential areas of involvement in 26 patients with histologically proven Hodgkin's disease were examined by Ga-67 scanning. 137 areas (86%) were correctly assessed. An uptake was noted in 29 of 48 areas with active diseases, no uptake in 108 of 111 areas without active disease (97%). Best results were obtained from scans of mediastinum and lungs, particularly for differentiating between active disease and fibrosis. Para-aortic and pelvic regions often gave false-positive results because of the elimination of the tracer substance via the large bowel. Results of Ga-67 scanning in other regions were equivalent to those obtained by other diagnostic tests. Ga-67 citrate scanning thus offers an advantageous means of determining the exact stage of the disease and therefore its treatment. PMID- 1122802 TI - [Primary malignant nephrosclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Primary malignant nephrosclerosis shows a haemolytic-uraemic symptomatology and can be differentiated from secondary malignant nephrosclerosis on clinical and histological grounds. The disease was observed in 4 patients: a 25-year-old man and 3 women aged 19, 28 and 49 years. The disease is characterized by a fulminating course, malignant hypertension with progressive retinopathy, and development of progressive renal failure with subsequent irreversible anuria. In addition haemolytic anaemia or posthaemolytic states as well as consumption coagulopathy occur. In 2 cases schizozytes and in particular helmet-shaped forms could be demonstrated. On histology an obliterating necrotizing vascular change is seen which is limited to the kidneys as was demonstrated in one case by angiography. Therapeutic attempts included antibiotics, steroids, heparin, streptokinase, antihypertensive drugs, and haemodialysis. The 3 female patients died, the man survived after bilateral nephrectomy. PMID- 1122803 TI - [Thrombotic occlusion of an arteriovenous Cimino shunt in acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - An arteriovenous (Cimino) shunt in both right and left forearms clotted during an episode of acute pancreatitis in two patients on chronic haemodialysis. Systemic hypercoagulability (circulating fibrin monomers, shortening of r and k time in the thrombelastogram and shortening of the PTT-time) occurred in association with inhibition of fibrinolysis (prolongation of euglobulin lysis time). Localized thrombosis at the shunt is thought to be due to superimpostition of systemic hyper-coagulability on a local increase in platelet adhesiveness. PMID- 1122804 TI - [Polyneuropathy under the influence of drugs]. PMID- 1122805 TI - [Verdict of the Federal Constitutional Court on term regulation]. PMID- 1122806 TI - [Refusal of blood transfusion for religious reasons]. PMID- 1122807 TI - [Letter: Infarct pericarditis]. PMID- 1122808 TI - [Letter: Transfusion hepatitis: incubation time and transition to chronic aggressive course]. PMID- 1122809 TI - [Letter: Hemostasis disorder in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 1122810 TI - [Letter: Insulin therapy for diabetes in pregnancy]. PMID- 1122812 TI - [Diagnosis and indications for surgery after blunt abdominal trauma (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnosis aiming at early operation is the central problem after blunt abdominal trauma. Peritoneal lavage represents an important progress in diagnostic tests but it is fully informative only if the technical details (e.g. infusion of not less than 1,000 ml) are observed. Experience with 129 cases proved it to be a simple procedure with a low complication rate which can be performed also in difficult circumstances and has a high accuracy (more than 95%). It can be used also in smaller clinics with only limited diagnostic facilities. PMID- 1122811 TI - [Atypical suprarenal aortic stenosis as a cause of hypertension in young people (author's transl)]. AB - In nine of ten hypertensive patients with "atypical" suprarenal aortic stenosis (aged 20 to 51 years, mean 28.5 years), operative treatment of the stenosis reduced blood pressure to normal. In the tenth patient, combined vascular and reno-parenchymal hypertension was effectively treated by drugs, the dosage of which could be reduced after resection. Aorto-aortic bypass was the operative procedure of choice because of its lower risk and better results than other methods. In a review of 346 cases of atypical coarcation reported in the literature, two-thirds were found to be located above or at the level of the renal arteries, causing marked hypertension. Surgical procedures and results in 136 operated cases are tabulated and discussed. PMID- 1122813 TI - [Transvenous cholangiography in the differential diagnosis of biliary stasis (author's transl)]. AB - Transvenous cholangiography is an alternative to the direct puncture of the biliary tract. It was successfully performed in 13 of 21 patients of a personal series. The method does not require stand-by facilities for operation and is suitable for differentiating intra- from extrahepatic causes of biliary stasis, as well as for the demonstration of cause and localization of obstructive jaundice. Subcapsular liver haematoma with a rupture into the peritoneal cavity and bilihaemia were the main complications (one case of the former). The procedure is contraindicated in acute cholangitis and after cholangitic episodes. PMID- 1122814 TI - [Regional pulmonary blood flow and its regulation in patients with obstructive lung disease (author's transl)]. AB - Regional blood flow was measured in 47 patients with obstructive lung disease, using iso-intensity zone scanning after injection of 131I macro-aggregates in the supine (27 subjects) or sitting (20 subjects) position. In most of the patients there was a shift of pulmonary blood flow to the upper lung fields. The shift was related to pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance. PMID- 1122815 TI - [Causes and clinical aspects of intestinal ischemias]. PMID- 1122816 TI - [Acute and chronic alcoholic lesions in the gastrointestinal system]. PMID- 1122817 TI - [Medical education and graduation in Austria--recognition in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 1122818 TI - [Letter: "Sine confectione"]. PMID- 1122819 TI - [Letter: Arterial hypertension and unilateral kidney diseases]. PMID- 1122820 TI - [Letter: Hemodialysis in malignant hypertension]. PMID- 1122821 TI - [Letter: Disinfectant-admixturing instruments]. PMID- 1122822 TI - [Letter: Hot air sterilization]. PMID- 1122823 TI - [Letter: Psychoses due to prescription-free combination preparations]. PMID- 1122824 TI - [Letter: Preventive chemotherapy of tuberculosis]. PMID- 1122825 TI - [Letter: Automobile driver warning and securing of proof]. PMID- 1122826 TI - [Letter: Differentiation between hepatitis A and B]. PMID- 1122827 TI - [Letter: Antihypertensive agents and anesthesia in gestoses]. PMID- 1122828 TI - [Polychemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - 204 patients with Hodgkin's disease not previously treated were given vincristine, chlormethine, procarbazine and prednisone (protocol H2-65) for six months, followed by monthly vinblastine injections. Additional prophylactic radiotherapy was given to 50 non-randomised patients. Three-monthly reinduction treatment was administered to a further 50 patients during the year following the original induction cure, afterwards only every six months, and no treatment after four years. Among 109 patients in stage III complete remission occurred in 53% and partial (incomplete) remission in 36%. Among the 58 patients in stage IV, 21 had complete and one incomplete remission. Among 37 patients in stages I and II, 33 went into remission. The remission curves reached a plateau in the 42nd month in 74 plus or minus 6% of those in complete and 56 plus or minus 8% of those in incomplete remission (P less than 0.03). Increasing age had an unfavourable prognosis: the more progressed the anatomical stage the less favourable the prognosis. Surprisingly, stage IV (lymphocyte-poor) had a better prognosis on polychemotherapy than other histological forms. Signs of clinical activity did not influence prognosis, but biochemical signs of activity are unfavourable for remission duration (P less than 0.01). Patients who also had radiotherapy had longer remissions (P less than 0.01). Exacerbations occurred in 38, never beyond the 42nd month. Recurrence occurred in 21 of them in the dame lymphatic region as was affected at the beginning of the disease, while in the other 17 patients an extralymphatic episode occurred. There was a positive correlation between histological form and type of recurrence. PMID- 1122830 TI - [Clinical and serological aspects of the pseudo-LE syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen women with pseudo-LE syndrome were studied. The dissease is characterized by recurrent attacks of fever, myalgia, arthralgia, visceral manifestations (pericarditis, myocarditis, pleurisy, pleural effusion and lung involvement). A prominent feature was an abnormal liver function with elevated GOT and GPT levels in serum, and impaired bromsuophalein elimination. The incidence of varicosities and thrombophlebitis was markedly increased. There was a correlation between complement-fixing antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) titres and the degree of activity of the disease. A reverse correlation was observed between antimitochondrial antibody titres and the absolute lymphocyte count in peripheral blood. In all instances the antimitochondrial antibodies were of polyclonal origin, belonging mainly to immunoglobulin class IgG and, in a few patients, IgM, IgA, or IgD. AMA titres, lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood, sedimentation rate, serum iron level and alpha1- and alpha2-globulins proved to be valuable in following the course of the disease. Other values (C-reactive protein, alpha1 acid glycoprotein, immunoglobulin and beta1c-globulin in serum) were not helpful. PMID- 1122829 TI - [Perimembranous glomulonephritis in heapatitis associated with hepatitis B antigen (author's transl)]. AB - Hepatitis B (HB) antigen was persistently found in two children with perimembranous glomerulonephritis. Soluble immune complexes were demonstrated in both instances. These circulating immune complexes were found only in serum fractions enriched with HB antigen. Immunohistology of sections of kidney demonstrated immune complexes in a granular pattern in the subepithelial regions of the glomerular capillary walls. Fluorescent HB antigen was found in the same region. HB antigen was also detectable in urine. Participation of the complement system in the progress of the disease was demonstrated quantitatively by a decrease in complement factors C1q, C4 and C3 in peripheral blood. Histological, including electromicroscopic, studies in both cases revealed diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane with dense deposits of different extent, and spikes of the basment membrane. These studies strongly suggest an interrelationship between hepatitis with HB antigen and glomerulonephritis. PMID- 1122831 TI - [Value of radioimmuno-assay of triiodothyronie and thyrotropic hormone in the diagnosis of thyroid disease (author's transl)]. AB - Results of a purely in-vitro test were compared with previously available methods in 425 patients. For triiodthyronie, a normal range must be differentiated from the so-called euthyroid range (0.8-2.0 ng/ml) for patients with euthyroid goitre. The accuracy for triiodothyronine is then more than 95% and in hyperthyroidism 97.5%. It is, therefore, superior to other in-vitro measurements. But a disadvantage is that it is easily influenced by thyroid and extrahyroid factors. Similar accuracy is obtained for the TRH function test (thyrotopine-releasing hormone). Noteable is a negative TRH test in 20% of patients with euthroid goitre. The significance of triiodoathyrone determination is decreased in autonormous adenoma, in which the TRH test has an accuracy of 96.5%. In rare diseases of the thyroid all diagnositc possibilities must be taken into account. In ordinary practice stepwise course is suggested. RT-3U, T-4, T-3 and thyroid scan with 99mTc pertechneate are useful as basic tests. PBI is still thought to be important. The second step involves the TRH test rather than 131I function test. Triiocothyronine determination is best for therapeutic and follow-up perposes, a situation in which TRH test is of limited value. PMID- 1122832 TI - [ECG changes and serum-digoxin concentration in digitalis toxicity (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy-six patients with clinical and ECG evidence of digitalis toxicity and serum-digoxin concentrations over 2.5 ng/ml were investigated for possible correlation between certain ECG changes and the level of serum digoxin, but no correlation was found. However, radioimmunological determination of digoxin level proved to be a reliable means of deciding whether abnormalities of impulse formation or conduction were due to digitalis. In only one case (during haemodialysis) was there a fall in potassium level below normal, with signs of digitalis toxicity electrocardiographically. In five other patients with serum digoxin levels above 6 ng/ml high potassium values were found. Caution in the administration of potassium is advised: it should be given only if it is demonstrated to be below normal. Fifty-one of the patients had impaired renal function. PMID- 1122833 TI - [Therapy induced diarrhea and its causes]. PMID- 1122834 TI - [Therapy of alcholic delirium]. PMID- 1122835 TI - [Glucagon therapy of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 1122836 TI - [Commitment of hospital physicians to obligatory treatment of prisoners]. PMID- 1122837 TI - [Letter: Indications for colloidal volume substitutes]. PMID- 1122838 TI - [Letter: Cost of early cancer detection in women]. PMID- 1122839 TI - [Letter: Contrary therories on neoplasms]. PMID- 1122840 TI - [Letter: Recurring erysipelas]. PMID- 1122841 TI - [Letter; Hypertensive regulation disorder]. PMID- 1122842 TI - [Letter: Diuresis or dialysis in poisoning]. PMID- 1122843 TI - [Letter: Vaccinations in long-term drug therapy]. PMID- 1122844 TI - [Hepatitis in drug addicts (follow-up study with biopsies) (author's transl)]. AB - Viral hepatitis, proven by biopsy in 44 patients known to be drug addicts or confirmed drug takers had serial clinical, biochemical and (half of them) biopsy studies between 1971 and 1974. At the time of the first biopsy the period of addicition averaged 28.8 months. 30 of the 44 patients had had jaundice. At the time of the last biopsy, 20 of the 44 had chronic persisting and three had chronic active hepatitis, i.e. more than half had a chronic form. A further 12 patients had "hippie" hepatitis, a special form of acute viral hepatitis with piecemeal necrosis, histological evidence of possible change to a chronic state. There was no case of complete healing during the period of observation. The high rate of chronic hepatitis is thought to be due to partially insufficient immune response. The clinical and even biochemical course in most of the patients was remarkably mild. Severe clinical forms are rare and were not observed at all in the described group. It would therefore, seem that the prognosis is generally good, in contrast to chronic hepatitis in non-addicts. PMID- 1122845 TI - [Termination of pregnancy on psychiatric grounds (author's transl)]. AB - 303 psychiatric opinions were given between 1947 and 1969 regarding the termination of pregnancy. 45,2 per cent of the applications were supported, 53,4 per cent were rejected. In 10 per cent of the cases neurological disorders were present. 79 per cent of the women had psychiatric disorders among which reactive depressions had a definite majority of 89 per cent. Endogenous psychoses only represented a marginal group. Among the reactive depressive group young unmarried women in their first pregnancy with environmental conflicts and an increased readiness to express suicidal tendencies could be separated from a second group of older married women with one or more children, with fear of the future resulting from the feeling of an imminent in ability to cope, and restraint in the formulation of suicidal thoughts. The frequency of preceding suicidal attempts and the percentage of abnormal personalities were equally high in both groups. The investigated group must clearly be considered to a suicide-endangered high risk group. If abnormal personality traits, preceding suicide attempts, family and social conflicts with existing suicidal tendencies, and a reactivated state of depression occur together a reactive depression must also be considered an important criterium for a supportive attitude. PMID- 1122846 TI - [Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum: accuracy and comparison with other methods (author's transl)]. AB - Cholesterol can be specifically measured without difficulty and without complex reagents by means of a newly developed enzymatic colour test. Intensive technical evaluation confirmed its accuracy. Manual use gave a day-to-day coefficient of variation of 2-3 per cent; the sensitivity at a cholesterol concentration of 200 mg/dl was E equals 0.153 (gamma equals 405 nm), with a linearity up to 1000 mg/dl. Recovery of added pure cholesterol solution was 100 plus or minus 2 percent. A quantitative study of 53 representative drugs, anti-coagulants and metabolites was performed both in test tube and on patients. Accuracy of the result was unaffected by any of the substances (alpha equals 0.05). Comparison with the multi-step extraction method used at present as a reference (Abell Kendall) gave a regression equation of y equals 0.99 times plus 1.1 (x axis: extraction method; y axis: enzymatic colour test). The direct chemical method after Liebermann and Burchard gave, in part, markedly differing results because of considerable systematic and accidental errors. PMID- 1122847 TI - [Changes in cerebral blood flow and oxidative cerebral metabolism after extensive acute head trauma (author's transl)]. AB - Total cerebral blood flow and oxidative cerebral metabolism were measured at normal pCO2, hypocapnia and hypercapnia in 15 unconscious patients in the acute phase after head trauma. In the basal position (normal CO2) measurements were within normal limits and did not correspond to the severity of the clinical picture. But on altering arterial pCO2 there were market changes in oxidative cerebral metabolism, which suggests an abnormal cerebral regulatory mechanism. Measurement of the same functions 14 days later indicated, on the one hand, persistence of changes, but, on the other, a return to normal of previously markedly elevated cerebral glucose uptake. Comparing cerebral blood flow and metabolism between patients who survived and those who died in the acute phase after brain damage, there were no significant differences. PMID- 1122848 TI - [Tumour-like calcification and metastic calcification in teritary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Tertiary hyperparathyroidism in a 47-year-old woman was accompained by metastatic and "tumour-like" calcifications. The latter were characterized by tumours of different-sized calcium-containing pseudocyts, surrounded by a cell-rich tissue predominantly containing fibroblasts, histocytes and foreign-body giant cells, which in their cytoplasm contained Cossa-positive particles. Pathogenesis and aetiology of the disease are largely unknown. PMID- 1122849 TI - [Haemodialysis in the treatment of acute boric acid poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - 40 g boric acid was by error given instead of glucose solution to a 62-year-old man during an oral glucose test. During an 18-hour dialysis 8.32 g boric acid was eliminated, 8.6 g by forced diuresis and at least 9 g by gastric lavage. A large amount of the poison was also found in the vomitus. The most important signs of posioning were slight metabolic acidosis, total anuria for 14 hours and normochromic anaemia. There was no residual kidney damage or other effects of the poisoning. PMID- 1122850 TI - [Early diagnosis of bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 1122851 TI - [Immunologic cross reactions between penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives]. PMID- 1122852 TI - [Drafting of physicians for military service]. PMID- 1122853 TI - [Separate evaluation of eye fundus examinations]. PMID- 1122854 TI - [Letter: Calcium-lowering measurements in vitamin D poisoning]. PMID- 1122855 TI - [Letter: Incidence of static deviation in internal medicine patients]. PMID- 1122856 TI - [Letter: Achlorhydria and stomach carcinoma]. PMID- 1122857 TI - [Letter: Mansgement of steoporosis]. PMID- 1122858 TI - [Letter: Liver toxicity of digitalis glycosides]. PMID- 1122859 TI - [Letter: Side-effects of glue solvents]. PMID- 1122860 TI - [Carcinogenesis due to mustard gas exposure in man, important sign for therapy with alkylating agents]. AB - Sulphur-mustard and nitrogen-mustard are known to act as carcinogens in animal experiments. A similar effect in humans was demonstrated in 245 workers previously exposed occupationally to mustard gas and followed for over 20 years. There was a statistically significant increase in malignant tumours, especially bronchial carcinoma, bladder carcinoma and leukaemia. These findings underline the need for using alkylating agents of the mustard type exclusively in the treatment of malignant neoplasms. Immunosuppression with alkylating agents in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with a long life expectancy is no longer justified. PMID- 1122861 TI - [Clinical experimental studies in patients with asympathicotonic hypotension]. AB - Three patients with postural hypotension (two of the idiopathic type, one possibly due to familial dysautonomia) were found to have not only the pathognomonic postural hypotension, without rise in heart rate, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, but also a similarly abnormal regulatory mechanism on ergometric stress when recumbent. There was a delayed-response to the bloodpressure fall on Valsalva a manoeuvre, and the blood volume was reduced. A combined effect of these factors explains that these patients have a more marked impairment of physical capcity than might be expected merely from the orthostatic hypotension. The actions of noradrenaline, adrenaline, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, angiotensin and tyramine on blood pressure and heart rate were different from normal. Plasma-renin activity was reduced in all three patients and could not be raised. Urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline was markedly diminished. Reactions to noradrenaline and tyramine, as well as the excretion pattern of the catecholamine metabolites suggest a disorder of active adrenaline liberation. Furthermore, different disorders of catecholamine metabolism underlie idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and familial autonomia. Therapeutic trials with fludrocortisone, beta-receptor blockers and levodopa brought improvement, but long-term results are not yet available. PMID- 1122862 TI - [Ruptured aneurysm of the aortic sinus of Valsalva (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of ruptured aneurysm of the aortic sinus of Valsalva (one each into the right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery) are reported and clinical as well as haemodynamic features described. It is pointed out that the right sinus is most frequently involved, the non-coronary one only rarely, and the left one only quite exceptionally. The clinical findings depend on the size, site and direction of the rupture and its haemodynamic consequences. Rupture occurs most frequently into the right attrium or ventricle, much more rarely into the pulmonary artery or left ventricle. Cardinal clinical signs are retrosternal pain, marked shock with dyspnoea and tachycardia or rapidly progressive cardiac failure. Auscultation reveals either a continuous systolic-diastolic murmur or a holosystolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur followed by a high-frequency diastolic murmur, maximal parasternally in the second to fourth left intercostal spaces. As effective surgical treatment is available, early diagnosis is essential. PMID- 1122863 TI - [Transoral Doppler ultrasound echography under local anaesthesia for the assessment of vertebral artery blood flow (author's transl)]. AB - Uncalibrated flow in the vertebral arteries was registered with a bidirectional CW Doppler ultrsound apparatus. It was applied to 20 patients, results being compared with aortic arch angiograms in which the extracranial part of all four cerebral vessels was seen. In 14 the vertebral arteries had a symmetrical flow and lumen, a similar symmetrical result being obtained with the Doppler. Hypoplasia of one vertebral artery was present in two patients the distinct asymmetry being recorded by the ultrasound. Three patients with central stenosis in one subclavian artery and subclavian "steal" were found to have reverse flow by the Doppler method in the vertebral artery on the side of the stenosis. Endarterectomy was performed on the affected subclavian artery in two of these patients: post-operative vertebral ultrasound recordings demonstrated a return to physiological flow direction in both vertebral arteries. PMID- 1122864 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of a case of metachromatic leucodystrophy (author's transl)]. AB - Metachromatic leucodystrophy was diagnosed from cell-free amniotic fluid (marked deficiency of arylsulphatase A) in the 20th week of pregnancy of a woman whose two previous children also had the disease. The pregnancy was immediately terminated. Subsequent amniotic cell culture also revealed a very low arylsulphatase concentration corresponding to the values found in amniotic fluid. An about four-fold increase of metachromatic material was found in the formalin fixed brain of the aborted fetus. PMID- 1122865 TI - [Problem of differential therapy of arrythmias in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1122867 TI - [Letter: Hypohydrosis]. PMID- 1122866 TI - [Risk factors in bronchial neoplasm]. PMID- 1122868 TI - [Letter: Mumps-orchitis]. PMID- 1122869 TI - [Letter: Oral Polio-vaccination]. PMID- 1122870 TI - [Letter: Prednisone in combination therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 1122872 TI - [Letter: Effect of corticoids in allergic reactions]. PMID- 1122871 TI - [Letter: Psychosis-like reactions due to ovulation inhibiting agents]. PMID- 1122873 TI - [Classification, nomenclature and denomination of inborn malformations. Preliminary recommendations of an international commission]. PMID- 1122874 TI - [Over 10 million hospital patients]. PMID- 1122875 TI - Surgical disconnection of the medial basal hypothalamus and pituitary function in the rhesus monkey. III. Thyroxine secretion. AB - The effects of complete and anterior disconnection of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH( on TSH secretion in the rhesus monkey were assessed by measuring serum thyroxine concentrations. Following complete MBH disconnection, serum thyroxine concentrations declined to 50% of preoperative control levels within 7 days. In 6 of 10 animals, thyroxine levels remained depressed throughout the postoperative observation period of 60 to 150 days. In the remainder, serum thyroxine concentrations returned to control levels after 3 weeks. Anterior disconnection of the MBH had variable effects on thyroid function. In 4 of 7 animals, serum thyroxine concentrations declined for 5 days following the operation but returned to preoperative levels within the next 3 weeks. In 2 others, serum thyroxine levels did not change while in the remaining animal thyroxine concentrations increased transiently to twice preoperative levels before returning to normal values. Thus, in the monkey, as in the rat, anterior MBH disconnection has little consistent effect on thyroid function, while complete isolation of the MBH causes a moderate decline which is most readily attributable to a decrease in thyrotropin secretion. The variations in the effects of anterior and complete MBH disconnection on thyroid function could not be confidently correlated with variations in the placement of the cuts. PMID- 1122877 TI - Development of a radioimmunoassay for porcine relaxin using 125I-labeled polytyrosyl-relaxin. AB - Tyrosine was incorporated into highly purified porcine relaxin employing the reagent N-carboxy-L-tyrosine anhydride. The resulting polytyrosyl-relaxin contained 1.67 mol of tyrosine per mol of relaxin, retained its original biological activity, and was readily radioiodinated to specific activities ranging from 80 to 100 muCi per mug. High affinity antibodies applicable in final dilutions ranging from 1:50,000 to 1:200,000 were developed in rabbits against unconjugated highly purified porcine relaxin. A double antibody radioimmunoassay for porcine relaxin sufficiently sensitive to routinely measure from 32 to 1000 pg of pig relaxin was developed. Using this radioimmunoassay, peripheral serum concentrations of porcine relaxin were found to be less than 1 ng/ml during early pregnancy. Serum concentrations of porcine relaxin were high during late pregnancy. The mean concentration of porcine relaxin one day before parturition was 38 ng per ml. Within a day following parturition relaxin concentrations fell to a mean concentration of 2.1 ng per ml. PMID- 1122876 TI - Surgical disconnection of the medial basal hypothalamus and pituitary function in the rhesus monkey. IV. Prolactin secretion. AB - The effects of anterior and complete hypothalamic deafferentation on prolactin secretion in the rhesus monkey have been assessed. Complete disconnection ofthe medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) had no apparent effect on serum prolactin concentrations, in either intact or ovariectomized monkeys, nor did it diminish the stimulation of prolactin secretion induced by sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Anterior disconnection of the MBH in intact females was also without effect on prolactin secretion. When the MBH was inadvertently damaged during the complete disconnection procedure, serum prolactin levels increased approximately 5-fold in otherwise intact animals while remaining unchanged in ovariectomized monkeys, thereby suggesting that ovarian hormones may modulate the secretion of prolactin in response to a reduction of hypothalamic inhibitory influences. In contrast, basal serum prolactin concentrations were not notably influenced by ovariectomy or estrogen administration nor were the patterns of prolactin secretion related to the phases of the menstrual cycle. The results of these studies suggest that the consequences of complete MBH disconnection on prolactin secretion are essentially the same in the rhesus monkey and in the rat, although major differences exist between these species with regard to the influence of estrogen on the production of this hormone. PMID- 1122878 TI - Inhibition of the ovarian augmentation reaction by a chemical antiestrogen. AB - Inhibition by antiestradiol serum of ovarian weight gain and follicular growth in hypophysectomized immature rats given FSH and hCG suggested that gonadotrophin induced endogenous estrogen secretion plays a role in the ovarian augmentation reaction. We have studied the effects of a chemical estrogen antagonist, cis clomiphene, on ovarian weight response to gonadotrophins in hypophysectomized immature female rats. We found that this antiestrogen inhibits the ovarian response to FSH and hCG. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a direct effect of a chemical antiestrogen on the ovary, a result consistent with a role for intraovarian estrogen in follicular growth. PMID- 1122879 TI - Interaction of estrogen and gonadotrophins on follicular atresia. AB - We have investigated folluclar atresia by giving hypophysectomized immature female rats (HIFR) diethylstibestrol or gonadotrophins with and without the chemical antiestrogen CI-628, making total counts of normal and atretic follicles greater than 125 muM in diameter, and using a simple model to analyze data. Our results show an antiatretic effect of estrogen, independent of its well documented mitogenic effect on preantral follicles. We have also shown that CI 628 acts as an anti-estrogen to block follicular proliferation, while acting as an estrogen to inhibit atresia. In addition, we have observed an increase in atresia caused by gonadotrophins, in opposition to their estrogen-mediated positive effect on follicular growth. PMID- 1122880 TI - Further studies on the action of prolactin on fluid and ion absorption by the rat jejunum. AB - The influence of administration of ovine prolactin in vivo on intestinal fluid and ion transport in vitro was investigated using intact and hypophysectomized male rats. Prolactin administration significantly stimulated fluid, sodium,potassium, calcium, magnesium and chloride transport across everted jejunal sacs. The last two ions were affected less than the others. Hypophysectomy caused a significant decrease in fluid and sodium absorption, but prolactin treatment for 2 days restored normal absorption rates but not uniformly in all sacs. Prolactin action on fluid and sodium absorption showed a dose dependent tendency, maximal stimulation resulting from administration of 1.0 to 2.0 mg prolactin daily; higher doses failed to elicit significant response. The stimulatory action of prolactin was inhibited by a simultaneous administration of vasopressin which when given alone had no effect on intestinal absorption. In the absence of glucose or in the presence of phlorizin, fluid transport was inhibited, the reduction being more dramatic in the presence of phlorizin. Similarly, either application of ouabain or partial replacement of sodium with isotonic choline chloride reduced fluid transport. Although these in vitro treatments nullified the stimulatory effects of prolactin, only phlorizin and ouabain significantly decreased sodium transport. These results suggest that the effects of prolactin on intestinal transport may be dependent on increased movement of sodium. PMID- 1122881 TI - Induction of ovulation by LH and FSH in the presence of antigonadotrophic sera. AB - Surges of both LH and FSH are secreted on the day of proestrus in the rat; both surges are blocked by pentobarbital (PB), WHICH ALSO BLOCKS OVULATION. The purposes of the present study were (a) to see if antisera to ovine LH or FSH would prevent ovulation from endogenously secreted rat hormones; (b) to see if exogenous ovine LH or FSH alone can cause ovulation in the presence of antiserum to ovine LH or FSH, when endogenous hormone secretion is suppressed by PB. Antisera were assessed for anti-OAAD or anti-hCG augmentation activity against ovine and/or rat pituitary hormones. (a) With respect to tests against endogenously secreted hormones, antisera to LH block ovulation, but antisera to FSH do not, regardless of their potency against exogenous hormones. (b) Antisera to either ovine LH or FSH can prevent ovulation to either exogenous ovine hormone, in relation to their ability to block LH on OAAD bioassay, but not in relation to their ability to block FSH on the hCG augmentation test. However, one antiserum to FSH, which had very low anti-OAAD activity,was able to prevent ovine FSH, but not ovine LH, from causing ovulation, suggesting that not all of the ability of exogenous FSH to cause ovulation is related to intrinsic or contaminating OAAD activity. These data suggest that LH (as defined by OAAD) is the obligatory ovulating hormone in the rat. Additional data on uteirine intralumenal water in the presence of PB blockade indicate that LH, but not FSH, can induce some estrogen secretion, but that either hormone may cause some progesterone secretion. PMID- 1122882 TI - Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin, human interstitial cell stimulating hormone and human follicle-stimulating hormone on ovarian weights in estrogen primed hypophysectomized immature female rats. AB - In connection with systematic studies of steroid and peptide hormone interactions during follicular growth, we have measured ovarian weight responses to graded doses of highly purified human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human interstitial cell stimulating hormone (hICSH)in hypophysectomized immature female rats (HIFR) treated with diethylstilbestrol in silastic capules (desc) implanted subcutaneously. Our results are consistent with earlier reports of enhancement of ovarian weight responses to hCG and FSH. Contrary to results of similar experiments reported by others, we have found that estrogen treatment of HIFR enhanced ovarian weight response to ICSH. In addition, we report for the first time that small doses of hCG and hICSH inhibit ovarian weight responses to estrogen in HIFR. Our observations on effects of small doses of hCG and hICSH and the long-known fact that ovarian interstitial cells are stimulated in HIFR given similar doses of these hormones lead us to hypothesize that ovarian interstitial cell stimulation is involved in the control of follicular maturation. PMID- 1122883 TI - Characterization of rat chorionic mammotropin. AB - A placental lactogen or chorionic mammotropin (rCM) has been identified in the serum of pregnant rats by radioreceptor assay (RRA). Two peaks of activity were found, the first between days 11-13 and the second between days 17-21 of pregnancy. Gel filtration of day 12 serum or placental extracts revealed two peaks of lactogenic activity, the first eluting ahead of and the second appearing immediately after 125I-hPRL (human prolactin). On the other hand, when serum or placental extracts from day 17-21 pregnant rats were fractionated in the same manner, only a single peak of lactogenic activity was eluted after 125I-hPROL. The placental concentration of rCM increased from 11 mug/g wet weight at day 12 to 74 mug/g at days 14-15, after which the concentration declined to 29 mug/g on day 21. Electrophoresis of a fraction from G-100 column of a day 12 0r day 20 placental extract or serum with a V-e/V-o ratio of 2.08 revealed a single peak of lactogenic activity by RRA with an Rf equal to 0.43. Large MW rCM (V-e/V-o ratio of 1.35) from serum had an Rf equal to 0.52 whereas the large MW species from placental extracts had a mobility similar to that of small MW fraction. The half time disappearance rate of serum rCM on day 12 is 19.5 min compared to 1.2 min on days 17-21 of pregnancy. PMID- 1122884 TI - The importance of the stomach in gastrin-induced hypocalcemia in the rat. AB - Hypocalcemia following gastrin administration occurs in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) as well as thyroid intact rats. Hypophosphatemia does not accompany the hypocalcemia induced by gastrin. These data suggest that a mechanism other than release of calcitonin from the thyroid gland may be involved in this response in the rat. Neither adrenalectomy, nephrectomy, nor excision of the pancreas and small and large intestine altered the hypocalcemic response to gastrin. Gastrectomy, however, eliminated all hypocalcemia following administration of this polypeptide in both thyroid intact and TPTX rats. Removal of the antrum of the stomach did not influence the hypocalcemic response to gastrin. Resection of the proximal 75% of the stomach, however, inhibited the hypocalcemic response to gastrin as did total gastrectomy. Thus, in the rat, the proximal stomach appears to play an important role in mediating this response. PMID- 1122885 TI - Delta5,3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in rat trophoblast and ovary during pregnancy. AB - Delta5,3beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) activity has been measured in homogenates of ovary and trophoblast from 9th to 21st day pregnant rats under conditions where there was little or no further metabolism of the progesterone formed from pregnenolone. Trophoblast 3beta-HSD activity is first detectable on the 11th day of gestation; the specific activity peaks on the 13th day, and falls thereafter. The ovary enzyme activity rises gradually to the 19th day and falls on the 21st day. Decidua homogenates contain very low levels of 3beta-HSD activity, while embryo and yolk sac homogenates do not posses significant amounts. Total 3beta-HSD activities were also determined on a per conceptus basis. At no time during pregnancy does the total trophoblast 3beta-HSD activity exceed 40% the activity of the ovary. This may explain why the progesterone producing capacity of trophoblast in the rat is inadequate to support normal pregnancy following ovariectomy. The temporal patterns of trophoblast and ovary 3beta-HSD activity suggest that the enzymes are not coordinately controlled in the two tissues. PMID- 1122886 TI - The iodine requirement and influence of iodine intake on iodine metabolism and thyroid function in the adult beagle. AB - Various aspects of iodine metabolism were studied in adult beagles maintained at iodine intake levels ranging from 480 to 20 mug/day. On the basis of changes in radioiodine metabolism, the minimum daily iodine requirement of the adult beagle was found to be 140 mug. Although striking changes were observed in radioiodine metabolism when iodine intake was reduced to 90mug/day, serum T4 and T3 levels were unaffected. Marked reductions in serum T4 occurred in dogs restricted to an iodine intake of 50 or 20 mug/day, but even at these low levels of iodine intake there were only slight reductions in serum T3 concentration and a eumetabolic state was maintained. Prolonged iodine deficiency (8-12 months) resulted in variable patterns of thyroid histology, which were related to differences in thyroidal 127I content and in the rate of release of radioiodine from the thyroid. The heterogeneity in thyroid morphology and iodine kinetics did not, however, have a significant effect on serum T4 and T3 levels. PMID- 1122887 TI - Failure of the metopirone (Su4885) suppressed fetal adrenal glands to maintain corticosterone concentration of adrenalectomized pregnant rats. AB - Plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured following adrenalectomy of pregnant rats on the last day of gestation. Plasma corticosterone concentrations decreased 40 and 60 min after adrenalectomy by 36 and 32%, respectively, and regained the preoperative concentration 2 h following operation. When the fetuses were injected with an inhibitor of 11beta-steroid hydroxylase (Su4885) plasma corticosterone concentrations decreased 40, 60 and 120 min following adrenalectomy by 63, 67 and 71%, respectively. The results strongly suggest that the fetal adrenal glands are the source of plasma corticosterone in adrenalectomized pregnant rats. PMID- 1122888 TI - Suppressed plasma renin activity in adrenal regeneration hypertension. AB - To clarify the role of the enucleated adrenal in the suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA) in adrenal regeneration hypertension (ARH), PRA response to furosemide administration was compared at the 9th experimental week in three groups of rats, which had been subjected to (a) sham operation (control), (b) unilateral nephrectomy, (c) unilateral nephrectomy plus contralateral adrenal enucleation, and given on tap water or high sodium intakes. Urine volume and sodium, and changes in body weight and hematocrit, determined 90 min after administration of furosemide, did not show any significant differences among any of the experimental groups. The basal PRA was significantly decreased in rats of the other groups as compared to the control rats drinking tap water. A decrease in basal PRA was much more pronounced in the unilaterally nephrectomized rats with or without an enucleated adrenal, drinking saline. After furosemide administration, PRA significantly increased in the control rats drinking saline as well as in the unilaterally nephrectomized rats drinking tap water, with or without an enucleated adrenal, but the PRA values in these three groups were only half those of the control rats drinking tap water. An insignificant increase in PRA was found in unilaterally nephrectomized (plus or minus enucleation) rats drinking saline. These findings suggest that the lack of a PRA response in ARH may be due to the pronounced suppression of the juxtaglomerular cells caused by a high sodium intake and the reduction of the renal mass, independently of the corticosteroid(s) secreted by the enucleated adrenal. PMID- 1122889 TI - Studies in osteoporosis: the long-term effect of oophorectomy and of ammonium chloride ingestion on the bone of mature rats. AB - Adult female rats were subjected to a prolonged period of observation after oophorectomy. The oophorectomized animals and their controls were given a regular diet ad lib and water or ammonium chloride as their drinking fluid. Oophorectomy did not result in reduced bone density, fat free weight, total ash weight, or calcium content of the bone, thus failing to produce the changes of osteoporosis. Ammonium chloride ingestion caused significant decreases in the same parameters equally in normal and oophorectomized rats. Thus, oophorectomy neither leads to changes of osteoporosis, nor increases the sensitivity of the bone to ammonium chloride-induced osteoporosis. PMID- 1122890 TI - Characteristics of the prolactin stimulation of uridine metabolism in mammary gland explants. AB - Experiments were carried out to characterize the prolactin stimulation of labeled uridine uptake into mammary gland explants which were initially preincubated for 2 days in medium containing insulin plus hydrocortisone. Prolactin was found to enhance labeled uridine uptake after 4 h but not after 2 h when uridine concentrations ranging between 0.1 muM and 1 mM were tested. The effect of prolactin on labeled uridine uptake also appears to require ongoing RNA and protein synthesis since incubation with a variety of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis abolished the prolactin effect. It was further discovered that prolactin stimulates the labeling of the cellular pools of the phosphorylated derivatives of uridine while the quantity of label present in the uridine and uracil pools was not affected. It is thus possible that the effect of prolactin on labeled uridine uptake may be caused by the enhanced phosphorylation of the uridine. It was also found that the onset of the effect of prolactin on the phosphorylation of uridine to UTP was not different from the onset of the effect of this hormone on labeled uridine uptake and its incorporation into RNA. Additional studies were carried out to determine if the effect of prolactin on RNA synthesis could be dissociated from its effect on the uptake of precursor substances. For this purpose the effect of prolactin on the uptake of radiolabeled phosphate and its incorporation into RNA was studied. Prolactin stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into RNA after 4 h but the uptake of phosphate was not affected by the hormone at that time. Further, the effect of prolactin on phosphate incorporation into RNA was temporally identical to the hormonal effect on the incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. PMID- 1122891 TI - Influence of adrenal enucleation of plasma renin substrate concentration in saline loaded and unilaterally nephroadrenalectomized rats. AB - The influence of adrenal enucleation on plasma renin substate (PRS) concentration was investigated by comparison with sham operation (control) or adrenalectomy in unilaterally nephroadrenalectomized rats given 1% saline for drinking. Two days after adrenal enculeation or adrenalectomy, a significant increase in plasma renin activity (PRA), with a concomitant decrease in PRS, was observed. Those changes were less pronounced in adrenal enucleated rats than in adrenalectomized ones. Ten days later PRA markedly decreased to the control level in both groups. PRS rose to the control level at 10 days after adrenal enucleation without increasing further, while that in the adrenalectomized rats remained low as before. These results suggest that the fall in PRS occuring immediately after adrenal enucleation may be due both to enhanced PRS consumption resulting from increased PRA and to diminished PRS production caused by corticosteroid deficiency, and that restoration of corticosterone secretion by the enucleated adrenal gland may account for recovery of PRS. PMID- 1122892 TI - Effects of C21 steroids on sex accessory organs and testes of mature hypophysectomized rats. AB - Adult hypophysectomized male rats were treated with 2 mg/day of testosterone propionate, pregnenolone, 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone or 17alpha hydroxyprogesterone. The treatment commenced on the day of surgery and was continued for 4 weeks. In all steroid treated animals, spermatogenesis was qualitatively maintained. Sex accessory organs were maintained only in testosterone propionate treated animals. In C21 steroid-treated rats the sex accessory organs showed atrophy similar to untreated hypophysectomized animals suggesting lack of peripheral conversion to androgens. However, administration of 3H-pregnenolone with the last injection of pregnenolone resulted in the isolation of a considerable amount of 3H-testosterone from testicular tissue of the experimental animals. This finding suggests that maintenance of spermatogenesis in pregnenolone treated animals could have been due to testosterone formed in the testes from the exogenously administered pregnenolone. PMID- 1122893 TI - Effect of frequency of administration on the accumulation and metabolism of (35S) propylthiouracil by the rat thyroid. AB - Repeated administration (every 8 h) of (35S) Propylthiouracil (PTU) resulted in gradual accumulation of unmetabolised PTU by the thyroid gland until the 9th dose was given. Subsequently a plateau-level was attained which was proportional to dose with the two dose levels used. During repeated administration once daily the intrathyroid concentration of free PTU varied markedly in the course of each 24-h period. Chromatographic analysis showed four compounds: PTU, sulphate and two unidentified compounds as well as origin material. The proportions of these compounds were different in the different dose studies. Thus, the ratio of compound Y/compound X was found to be inversely related to dose. The plasma 35S radioactivity increased throughout the studies and was proportional to dose. PMID- 1122894 TI - Alternate methods of insect control to improve environmental quality. Introduction. PMID- 1122895 TI - Blockage of cortical spreading depression by picrotoxin foci of paroxysmal activity. AB - 1 per cent Picrotoxin placed on cortex of rat caused paroxysmal ECoG discharges with concomitant increase in [Ke"] from 3 to 6.7 mM with oscillations corresponding to ictal (maximum) and interictal (minimum) spiking. Invasion of the epileptogenic focus by spreading depression was blocked when the amplitude of oscillations of [Ke+] reached 2.6 mM. Epileptogenic activity induced by topical 10 per cent pentazol caused a less marked increase in [Ke+] (4.6 mM) and did not prevent depression from invading the focal area, but did diminish [Ke+] from the normal of 60 to 70 mM to 39 mM. It is concluded that seizure-induced depolarization of neural elements in deep cortical layers, though inadequate to trigger spreading depression, does prevent it from spreading, in part by activating the sodium pump. PMID- 1122896 TI - The prognostic implications of suppression-burst activity in the EEG in infancy. AB - Thirty-nine children, seen between 1960 and 1973, showed suppression-burst activity in their original EEG recordings. Follow-up information was available for 19 girls and 10 boys. Suppression-burst activity was seen at a mean age of 4 months. Most of the children (86 per cent) had infantile spasms, and 96 per cent were severely retarded on presentation. Fifteen died (52 per cent), 9 of them before the age of 2, and all had severe retardation and neurological abnormalities. Of the 14 survivors, only 1 attends a normal school (she was only mildly retarded on presentation), 71 per cent are severely retarded, 71 per cent have neurological abnormalities, and 60 per cent continue to have fits. Although hypsarrhythmia itself is not necessarily associated with a bad prognosis, the finding of suppression-burst activity certainly implies a grave outlook. PMID- 1122897 TI - Benign epilepsy of children with centro-temporal EEG foci. Discharge rate during sleep. AB - The discharge rate (the number of spikes/min) was determined in the awake state and during different stages of induced sleep in 17 children with "benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal EEG foci". Ten patients had seizures only during sleep. The discharge rate of Rolandic spikes was significantly higher during sleep than during the awake state, and 5 patients had Rolandic discharges only during sleep. For diagnostic purposes, EEG recordings during sleep are indicated when children suspected of having this seizure type have a normal EEG when awake. Brief induced sleep is usually adequate. REM sleep was not studied. PMID- 1122898 TI - Idiosyncratic reactions to the antiepileptic drugs. AB - Idiosyncratic drug reactions can be defined as those adverse drug effects caused by genetically determined enzymatic abnormalities. For the clinician, however, this definition is too limited, and other rare and unusual adverse reactions to the antiepileptic drugs are discussed, including drug interactions, drug allergies, and organ toxicities, as well as true idiosyncrasies. Responsibility for initial recognition and later diagnosis of these reactions falls heavily upon the clinician. In addition to discussing the more common or serious rare reactions, the epidemiology and general mechanisms underlying the reactions are discussed. Treatment involves drug withdrawal, plus general supportive and specific therapy determined by the type and severity of the individual reaction. If primum non nocere should guide the treatment in general, then secundum non plus nocere should guide the treatment of adverse drug reactions. PMID- 1122899 TI - The effect of early versus late onset of major motor epilepsy upon cognitive intellectual performance. AB - Performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Halstead neuropsychological measures were investigated in two groups of adult subjects with major motor epilepsy of early (0 to 5 yr) and later (17 to 50 yr) onset, and in two groups with early and later onset of brain damage without epilepsy. The two groups with early onset earned poorer scores on most tests than did the two groups with later onset. The findings suggest an adverse effect of cerebral dysfunction of early onset, whether accompanied by major motor seizures or not. Subjects with early onset of major motor seizures scored significantly lower on 9 of 14 measures than subjects in any other group, none of which showed significant intergroup differences in the dependent variables employed. The results support the conclusion that early age of onset of major motor seizures is more apt to result in impairment of mental abilities in adult life than is later onset of seizures or early or late onset of brain damage uncomplicated by epilepsy. PMID- 1122900 TI - Dipropylacetic acid (Depakine) in experimental epilepsy in the alert cat. AB - The effect od dipropylacetic acid (DPA; Depakine) on the bemegride-induced convulsive threshold was investigated in alert cats. Forty-five min after DPA 200 mg/kg, s.c., no significant effect was obtained; 5 min after the same dose iv., protection from bemegride-induced seizures was pronounced. DPA did not decrease focal discharges in sensorimotor cortex produced by topical cobalt, although spread of epileptogenic activity from the focus was inhibited. DPA antiepileptic protection tested by the same procedure was about the same as that given by phenobarbital and less than that given by diazepam. PMID- 1122901 TI - Extracellular release of cerebral macromolecules during potassium- and low calcium-induced seizures. AB - Cerebral cortex of cat was incubated with 14C-lysine and 3H-glucosamine. Subsequent superfusion of the surface of the cortex resulted in the release into the superfusate of a variety of 14C- and 3H-labeled compounds including proteins, glycoproteins, and gangliosides. The release of 14C- and 3H-labeled macromolecules could be considerably enhanced by topical addition of 40 mM K+, WHICH INDUCED Epileptiform EEG activity. Peaks in efflux could also be correlated with the onset of seizures induced by superfusion with low (0.75 mM) Ca2+ media. Control experiments in which the cortex was prelabeled with 14C-carboxyl-inulin and 3H2O indicate that the release of macromolecules was not a direct consequence of the altered blood flow that may occur during convulsions. PMID- 1122902 TI - A toxicological investigation of some acute, short-term, and chronic effects of administering di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and other phthalate esters. PMID- 1122903 TI - Effects of dieldrin on the uptake and metabolism of testosterone-1,2-3H by rodent sex accessory organs. PMID- 1122904 TI - Metal toxicity for rabbit alveolar macrophages in vitro. PMID- 1122905 TI - Effects of intense low frequency sound (sonic boom) on the cochlea. PMID- 1122906 TI - Biochemistry of bisulfite-sulfur dioxide. PMID- 1122907 TI - Subjective responses to atmospheric humidity. PMID- 1122908 TI - Transient behavior of cadimum in a grassland arthropod food chain. PMID- 1122909 TI - SO2 and its metabolite: effects on mammalian egg chromosomes. PMID- 1122910 TI - Debranching enzyme from rabbit skeletal muscle. Purification, properties and physiological role. AB - Debranching enzyme was purified 150-fold from rabbit skeletal muscle by a three step procedure which utilised ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and "hydrophobic" chromatography on Sepharose NH(CH2)4NH2. The preparation was completed within three days, and 200 mg enzyme was isolated from 1000 g muscle, which represented an overall yield of 60%. The preparation was homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. The sedimentation coefficient, s20,w, was 8.1 S. The amino acid composition was determined, and the absorption coefficient, A280 1%, measured refractometrically was 17.5. The subunit molecular weight determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate was 166000 and this value was supported by sedimentation equilibrium in the presence of 6 M guanidinium chloride (1550oo). The molecular weight of the native enzyme measured by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium was 164000, showing that the debranching enzyme is a monomeric protein at the concentrations which exist in muscle (0.7 mg/ml). The results indicate that the two different enzyme activities which are associated with debranching enzyme, 1,4-glucan-4-glycosyltransferase and amylo 1,6-glucosidase, reside on the same polypeptide chain. Protein-glycogen particles isolated from skeletal muscle showed seven major protein-staining components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, one of which was identified as debranching enzyme. ,our of the other components were the alpha and beta subunits of phosphorylase kinase, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase. A new titrimetric assay for debranching enzyme was developed; it was used to demonstrate that the maximum potential activity of debranching enzyme is only 5- 10% that of phosphorylase at the concentrations of the two enzymes in skeletal muscle. Since the activity of debranching enzyme is unaffected by every mechanism which leads to the activation of glycogen phosphorylase and phosphorylase kinase, the evidence suggests that the hormonal control of muscle glycogenolysis by adrenalin might be confined to a stimulation of rate of degradation of the outermost branches of glycogen. PMID- 1122911 TI - Microsomal 12alpha-hydroxylation of 7alpha-[12alpha, 12beta-2H2]hydroxy-4 cholesten-3-one. AB - The synthesis of 7alpha-[12alpha, 12beta-2 H2]hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is described. It was shown with different techniques that this compound was 12alpha hydroxylated by the microsomal fraction of a rat liver homogenate without marked isotope effect, indicating that cleavage of the C--H bond is not the rate limiting step in this hydroxylation. The rate of 12alpha-hydroxylation was decreased by about 20% when performed in a medium containing deuterated water. The findings were discussed with reference to the specific properties of the 12alpha-hydroxylating system and to the results of previous studies on rate limiting step in microsomal hydroxylation of steroids. PMID- 1122912 TI - Kinetic studies dealing with an immobilized bienzyme system. AB - The binding of enzymes into artificial membranes makes possible a study of the interaction between membrane structure and enzyme kinetics within a simple context. Artificial protein membranes bearing a bienzyme system (xanthine oxidase, uricase) are produced by using a co-crosslinking method. The inhibition of uricase was shown to be dependent not only on the concentration of inhibitor in the bulk solution, but also on the kinetic properties of the membrane-bound enzymes. In the presence of xanthine oxidase inside the structure the uricase inhibition by xanthine is less important than in solution. Under defined conditions the activity was found to be higher in the presence of inhibitor than in its absence. Due to diffusion limitations this specific bienzyme system is more efficient when immobilized inside a membrane than when in solution. PMID- 1122913 TI - Extracellular enzyme system utilized by the fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum (Chrysosporium lignorum) for the breakdown of cellulose. 2. Activities of the five endo-1,4-beta-glucanases towards carboxymethylcellulose. AB - A complementary discussion is given of an earlier presented theory for viscometric determination of enzymic activity towards polymer substrates. Five different, purified endo-1,4-beta-glucanases from the fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum have been characterised with respect to their molecular activities(Am) and Michaelis-Menten constants (Km). The errors in the Am and Km values are discussed. The Am value seems to be more valuable as a distinguishing parameter than the Km value. PMID- 1122914 TI - Structure-activity relationship in the urokinase hydrolysis of alpha-N-acetyl-L lysine anilides. AB - The absence of both nonproductive binding and substrate activation and also the good solubility of the substrates make the urokinase-catalysed hydrolysis of specific anilides a very suitable reaction for substrate structure-enzyme activity studies. Derivatives of alpha-N-acetyl-L-lysine anilide with high sigma minus-value substituents in the aniline ring were synthesized. Rate constants kappa-cat. and apparent Michaelis-Menten constants K-m (app.) are presented. From the substituent dependence of kappa-cat. and from the fact that kappa-cat. is 13 to 37 times smaller than the deacylation rate constant it is concluded that the rate-limiting step proceeds prior to deacylation. The catalytic rate constant kappa-cat. obeys a linear free-energy relationship of the Hammett type with Q equals +0.72. Two different mechanisms implied by the results obtained from the model reaction (specific base and general acid-base catalysed hydrolysis of N acetylglycine anilides under extreme conditions) are proposed in order to account for this positive and low Q-value. In the first mechanism the breakdown of an enzyme tetrahedral intermediate is rate-limiting, while in the second one its formation controls the overall rate. The discrimination between the two mechanisms, however, could not be found. PMID- 1122915 TI - Translation of mRNA for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase isolated from epidermis tissue of Calliphora vicina R. -D. in a heterologous system. Dependence of mRNA concentration on the insect steroid hormone ecdysone. AB - RNA was isolated from the epidermis of Calliphora vicina larvae by phenol- chloroform extraction. The RN A sedimenting in sucrose gradients between 5 and 18 S was submitted to chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose columns. The fraction binding to the oligo(dT) is able to stimulate protein synthesis in a system consisting of mouse liverribosomal subunits, pH-5 factors from rat liver and initiation factors from rabbit reticulocytes. Optimal Mg2+ concentration for the translation of insect mRNA is 3.5 mM, that of K+ 76 MM. Initiation factors prepared from epidermis of Calliphora larvae are less efficient in the translation of insect mRNA than initiation factors isolated from reticulocytes. The pH-5 fraction from epidermis inhibits protein synthesis independent of the source of the mRNA fraction used. One of the proteins synthesized in the reconstituted system under the direction of insect mRNA has been identified as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) decarboxylase by immunoprecipitation with specific antiserum against DOPA decarboxylase and comigration in dodecylsulphate acrylamide electrophoresis with pure DOPA decarboxylase. Both mRNA from white prepupae and from 6--7-days-old larvae contain sequences coding for DOPA decarboxylase. However, white prepupae contains 3--4 times more DOPA decarboxylase-mRNA than 6--7-days-old larvae. The content of DOPA decarboxylase mRNA is proportional to the amount of active DOPA decarboxylase molecules present in the animals from which the mRNA was isolated. PMID- 1122916 TI - The amino-acid sequences of three cystine-free cyanogen-bromide fragments of human serum transferrin. AB - The amino acid sequences of three fragments obtained on cyanogen bromide cleavage of human transferrin have been determined. Two of the fragments are small (4 and 7 residues) and had not been isolated in previous studies of the CNBr fragments of transferrin. The sequence of the larger fragment (53 residues) was elucidated by examining peptides isolated from digests of the fragment with trypsin, chymotrypsin or thermolysin. This region of transferrin appears to contain the sites of three previously-reported substitutions in the D1 and D-chi genetic variants. PMID- 1122917 TI - Conformational changes in fibrous elastin due to calcium ions. AB - A column packed with calcium-free bovine aorta elastin provided good separations of mixtures of bile salts when water was the moving phase. Tritium-labelled cholesterol was applied to the column using dilute solutions of taurodeoxycholate in Tris-NaCl buffers as solvent. The cholesterol was quantitatively eluted as a narrow peak in a rising gradient of taurodeoxycholate. When Na+ in the buffer was replaced by Ca2+ elution of the labelled cholesterol was delayed. Control experiments in which the elastin fibres were replaced as the column packing by an inert stationary phase consisting of n-butanol immobilized by silane-treated Celite showed that the effect of the change from Na+ to Ca2+ on the solvent properties of taurodeoxycholate was small and in the opposite direction. The experiments indicated that the replacement of sodium by calcium as the ionic environment of fibrous elastin produced a configurational change towards increasing hydrophobic character. PMID- 1122918 TI - The hormonal control of activity of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase. Phosphorylation of the enzyme at two sites in vivo in response to adrenalin. AB - Phosphorylase kinase was activated 5--10-fold in vivo by an intravenous injection of adrenalin. Sodium fluoride an inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase phosphatase, was required to prevent the reversal of this process; the activated and non activated forms of the enzyme were indistinguishable by dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis. This suggested that the activation had resulted from a phosphorylation of the enzyme, and that it was not a consequence of the well known activation by proteolytic cleavage that can be demonstrated in vitro. Phosphorylase kinase activated in vivo was purified and digested with trypsin, and the two tryptic peptides which contain the serine residues which are phosphorylated in vitro by the action of cyclic-AMP (adenosine 3':5' monophosphate) dependent protein kinase, were isolated. It was found that the same nine-amino-acid segment of the beta chain and the same seven-amino-acid segment of the alpha chain had become phosphorylated in vivo in response to adrenalin, as were phosphorylated in vitro. The degree of phosphorylation of each of the two sites was at least 50%. The data provide direct proof that the activation of phosphorylase kinase which occurs in vivo in response to adrenalin results from a phosphorylation of the enzyme. They also indicate that the novel form of regulation associated with the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit, the stimulation of protein dephosphorylation by "second site phosphorylation", can now be regarded as a new form of enzyme control mechanism which operates in vivo. The regulation of phosphorylase kinase activity was studied in the protein - glycogen complex from skeletal muscle. The enzyme could be rapidly converted to a phosphorylated form in a cyclic-AMP-stimulated reaction upon addition of magnesium ions and ATP, but the conversion of phosphorylase b to phosphorylase a in the complex still showed an absolute requirement for calcium ions. The implications of these findings and major problems in the hormonal control of skeletal muscle glycogenolysis which are not yet resolved, are discussed. PMID- 1122919 TI - Canalicular bile production in man. AB - Bile flow, erythritol clearance (measured after administration of 14-C erythritol) and bile acid excretion were studied in 8 non-icteric patients operated upon for gallstone disease without biliary obstruction in whom a T-tube had been inserted. Bile flow increased from the 2nd (0.27 plus or minus SEM 0.01 ml/min) to the 7th (0.50 plus or minus SEM 0.05 ml/min) postoperative days and remained stable thereafter. Because the values obtained between the 7th and the 15th postoperative days (average: 0.46 plus or minus SEM 0.02 ml/min) were not lower and were of the same order of magnitude as those previously reported in the literature for quantitative bile collections, it was assumed that bile collection had been complete. Bile-to-plasma concentration ratio of erythritol was 0.77 plus or minus SEM 0.04. The regression line between erythritol clearance and bile flow had a slope of 0.99 (indicating that increments in clearance were followed by equivalent increments of flow) and an intercept for a zero-clearance of 0.11, suggesting a ductular/ductal secretion of 0.11 ml/min. The relationship between erythritol clearance and bile acid excretion suggested that canalicular bile was formed both of a bile acid-dependent flow (11 mul of water being excreted per mumol of bile acid secreted) and a bile acid-independent flow of 0.16 ml/min (or 35 percent of the average bile flow). These findings indicate that erythritol clearance provides a valid estimate of canalicular bile flow in man and that the three bile fractions previously postulated in animals (canalicular bile acid dependent, canalicular bile acid-independent and ductular/ductal) may also be present in man. PMID- 1122920 TI - Studies on urea cycle enzymes in rat liver during acute uraemia. AB - Activities of urea cycle enzymes were measured in the liver of starved rats 12 and 48 h after bilateral nephrectomy. Control experiments (sham-operated, starved rats) revealed that the activities of only two enzymes of the cycle are altered in the uraemic state: argininosuccinic acid synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5.), which is considered to be rate limiting for urea production and carbamyl phosphate synthetase (EC 2.7.2.5.). Alterations in ornithine concentration of the liver, a possible cause of an increased urea production rate, could not be detected previously (21). Our present results do not support the concept that a decrease of the activity of ornithine-delta-amino transferase (EC 2.6.1.13), leading to an increase in the ornithine content of the liver is responsible for the accelerated urea production rate in the liver of acute uraemic rats. PMID- 1122921 TI - Liver inclusions in erythropoietic protoporphyria. AB - Needle-like inclusions have been found, by electron microscopy, in the livers of two unrelated patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. Since they have not been noted in other hepatic conditions but do occur in the livers of protoporphyric mice it is suggested that they represent markers for protoporphyric liver disease. Paracrystalline inclusions that have been previously described in Wilson's disease and porphyria cutanea tarda were also present in the hepatocytes of one of these patients. PMID- 1122922 TI - Effect of cholesterol feeding on cholesterol biosynthesis in maternal and foetal rat liver. AB - Hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis has been studied in rat foetuses whose mothers had been fed on a cholesterol rich diet during the last week of gestation. Foetal liver was found to be capable of synthesizing cholesterol from acetate in vitro. The rate of incorporation of labelled acetate into digitonin precipitable sterols, fatty acids and CO(2) in foetal liver was much higher than that found in maternal liver. Cholesterol feeding reduced the rate of sterol synthesis in maternal liver but it did not have any appreciable effect on foetal liver. In order to investigate whether this lack of feed-back control in foetal liver could be attributable to an obstacle to the placental transfer of dietary cholesterol. 14-C-cholesterol was administered to the pregnant rats and its distribution in maternal and foetal liver and plasma was studied. Our results indicate that placental transfer of cholesterol from mother to foetus occurs very slowly so that only a small proportion of labelled cholesterol is found in foetal plasma over a 48 hour period following the administration of radioactive cholesterol. Cholesterol transferred from the mother into the foetal plasma is efficiently taken up by the foetal liver. These findings would suggest that the low amount of dietary cholesterol transferred from the mother into the foetal plasma is not sufficient to activate the control mechanism of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in the foetal liver. PMID- 1122923 TI - Therapeutic use of transfer factor. AB - Transfer Factor (TF) was produced by ultrafiltration of repeatedly frozen and thawed, pooled buffy coats of healthy blood donors. One unit of TF Zurich was defined as the cell extract originating from 1 - 2 x 10-9 leucocytes. In collaboration with physicians and immunologists, 409 units TF have been given to 45 patients. Besides local pain and occasional fever no side effects were observed. Immune conversions and beneficial clinical effects were seen in 11 and 10 patients, respectively, out of 12 patients with chronic candidiasis. Immune conversion was also observed in patients with multiple sclerosis, while the clinical effects cannot yet be judged. The series also included patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, HBAg-positive disorders, various immunodeficiency diseases, malignant malanoma and miscellaneous tumours. Immune conversion occurred only occasionally and the clinical effect was either non existent or not judgeable. In the discussion the results of other investigators using TF therapy are included. PMID- 1122924 TI - Changes in insulin immunoreactivity across the coronary circulation in man during infusions of glucose and a fat emulsion. AB - The extraction of immunoreactive insulin by the human heart has been examined using the technique of coronary sinus catheterisation. The subjects were 12 male volunteers. During the study infusions of a fat emulsion and glucose were given in an effort to create a "steady fed state". The higher arterial insulin immunoreactivities which were observed during the infusions were associated with greater arterial coronary sinus differences in insulin immunoreactivity. The possibility of insulin degradation by the heart is discussed. During prolonged exercise the process of insulin removal by the heart appeared more active. PMID- 1122925 TI - Collagen biosynthesis in normal human skin, normal and hypertrophic scar and keloid. AB - A comparison of the rates of synthesis of collagen in normal skin, normal and hypertrophic scars, and keloids has been made by measuring the rate of incorporation of [14-C]-proline into peptide-bound [14-C]-hydroxyproline by tissue minces in vitro. The rate of synthesis of collagen, as measured by this technique, was significantly higher in skin than in normal scars whether the incorporation of radioactivity into hydroxyproline were expressed in terms of wet weight of tissue, weight of tissue DNA or weight of tissue hydroxyproline. The abnormal scar types exhibited similar rates of collagen synthesis, which were significantly higher than the rate in normal scars. Although the rates in both abnormal scar types appeared to be similar to that in normal skin when expressed in terms of wet weight of tissue, and weight of tissue hydroxyproline, they were seen to be lower than in skin in terms of weight of tissue DNA. The rate of synthesis of proteins generally, as measured by total radioactivity in non diffusible peptides, was highest in normal skin and hypertrophic scar and lowest in keloid. The ratio of radioactivity in non-diffusible hydroxyproline to total non-diffusible radioactivity was almost twice as high in keloid as in normal scar, with intermediate values being observed in hypertrophic scar and normal skin. This indicated that collagen accounted for a higher proportion of the proteins being synthesised in keloid than in normal scar. The results confirm previous conclusions, from determination of the activity of the enzyme collagen proline hydroxylase, that the excessive accumulation of collagen in hypertrophic scars and keloids may, at least in part, be due to abnormally high rates of collagen synthesis in comparison to normal scars. PMID- 1122926 TI - Insignificance of gluconeogenesis in human blood platelets. AB - Human blood platelets contain no detectable activity of the enzymes fructose diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11), phospho-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) and pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1.). Glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) activity is very low. Phosphofructokinase present in human blood platelets, catalyzes a reaction which can be stimulated by AMP in a platelet homogenate, due to the presence of endogenous ADP and myokinase. These enzymes are responsible for the formation of fructose-6-phosphate from fructose-1, 6-diphosphate. Pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) in human blood platelets belongs to the M-type, which is not inhibited by ATP, at least not under the conditions applied. The results obtained indicate that gluconeogenesis in human blood platelets is not present in the way which has been established for liver and kidney. PMID- 1122927 TI - Histamine receptors in the synovial microcirculation. AB - This study was designed to investigate the respective roles of H(1) and H(2) receptors in the control of the microcirculation by examining the effectiveness of the H(2) receptor antagonist metiamide (Met.) and H(1) receptor antagonist mepyramine is blocking the action of histamine on synovial perfusion. Synovial perfusion was monitored indirectly by calculating the half-life (T1/2 min.) of the clearance rate of 133-Xe from canine diarthrodial joints. The 133-Xe clearance rate, unaffected by metiamide alone, was consistently increased by histamine alone. Metiamide produced a dose related effect on the histamine response with consistent abolition of response at high dose ratios of metiamide to histamine variable response at intermediate and a pronounced histamine response at low dose ratios. Mepyramine produced no such antagonism of the histamine response and in certain doses, by itself caused an increase in 133-Xe clearance rate. This effect of mepyramine was thought to be related to its histamine releasing properties a view supported by the reduction in this vasodilator response following certain doses of metiamide. The response of the 133-Xe clearance rate to histamine returned approximately one hour after treatment with metiamide (500 mug) and metiamide did not antagonise the effects of alpha and beta adrenergic agents on the 133-Xe clearance rate. Thus, this study has provided evidence for the presence of H(2) but not H(1) receptors in the synovial microcirculation. PMID- 1122928 TI - Red cell metabolism in transient haemolytic anaemia associated with Zieve's syndrome. AB - Reversible haemolytic anaemia associated with decreased red cell half-life and reticulocytosis was studied in 10 patients with Zieve's syndrome. Since the underlying cause of the red cell destruction is as yet unknown, we determined the critical metabolic functions of the red cells in order to define the assumed intracorpuscular defect causing haemolysis. The glucose metabolizing enzymes had normal or raised values. - In view of the diminished ATP and raised 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2.3 DPG) levels - a combination which suggests a pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency - additional procedures were carried out in order to detect an abnormal activity of the red cell PK. Studies of biochemical properties of PK such as thermostability, Michaelis-Menten constants, and activation and inhibition tests brought results markedly deviating from the norm.-Fractions containing old cells particularly disclosed PK instability. A defective red cell matabolism resulted which was measurable through ATP-instability, altered glucose utilization and lactate production. - Experimental cell aging procedures led to a markedly decreased red cell metabolism. These assays revealed that mutations of PK-control mechanisms might be involved as factor triggering haemolytic anaemia of Zieve's syndrome. PMID- 1122929 TI - Effects of insulin and of NSILA-S on the perfused rat heart: glucose uptake, lactate production and efflux of 3-0-methyl glucose. AB - 200 muU of insulin per ml perfusion medium stimulated glucose uptake and lactate production by the isolated perfused rat heart about 5 and 10 fold, respectively. Nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA-S) extracted from human serum had almost the same maximal effects. Mol per mol the two substances were equally effective and, correspondingly, the dose-response curves were very similar. NSILA S accelerated the efflux of 3-0-methyl glucose from the heart cells to the same extent as insulin. It can be concluded that NSILA-S acts on heart muscle in a very similar way to that of insulin. PMID- 1122930 TI - Cardiovascular profile of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-imidazole-acetonitrile (MCN-2378), a cerebral vasodilator. AB - I.v. administration of McN-2378 appeared to preferentially increase cerebral blood flow as opposed to systemic (femoral) blood flow in two strains of monkeys. This cerebral vasodilation was not affected by theta-adrenergic blockade. In the anesthetized dog, the compound transiently lowered systemic arterial pressure with an associated transient decrease in femoral vascular resistance and increased heart rate. Cardiac output in the anesthetized dog was also transiently elevated. Although the compound contains a nitrile group, there is no evidence to suggest that cyanide release is mediating the cerebral vasodilation. PMID- 1122931 TI - Effect of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2alpha and pentagrastin on the gall bladder pressure in dogs. AB - The effect of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2alpha on the gall bladder pressure was studied in anesthetized dogs with and without clamping of the cystic duct. Both PGE1 and PGE2 lowered the gall bladder pressure when the initial pressure was higher than 5 mm Hg, but caused no significant change when the initial pressure was lower than 3 mm Hg. On the other hand, PGF2alpha increased the gall bladder pressure regardless of its initial pressure. When the cystic duct was clamped, PGF2alpha markedly increased the gall bladder pressure while both PGE1 and PGE2 increased it slightly. This observation suggests that the smooth muscle in the gall bladder is markedly stimulated by PGF2alpha and stimulated to a lesser degree by PGE1 or PGE2. Furthermore, PGF2alpha appears to constrict, and PGE1 or PGE2 appears to relax the sphincter of Oddi. Pretreatment with indomethacin did not affect or slightly potentiated the cholecystokinetic effect of the three prostaglandins but abolished that of pentagastrin, suggesting that prostaglandins are possible mediators for the cholecystokinetic action of the gastrointestinal hormones. PMID- 1122932 TI - Dopamine metabolism in the tuberculum olfactorium. AB - The occurrence of the major dopamine metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the tuberculum olfactorium of the rat was demonstrated by gas chromatography. The ratio of DOPAC to HVA in the tuberculum olfactorium was greater than the ratio of these metabolites in the striatum. The effect of pargyline and probenecid on dopamine metabolite levels was similar for both the tuberculum olfactorium and striatum. PMID- 1122933 TI - A comparsion of the effects of prazosin and hydrallazine on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma renin activity in conscious renal hypertensive dogs. AB - Prazosin, a novel antihypertensive agent, and hydrallazine have been compared in renal hypertensive dogs. I.v. prazosin (0.1 mg/kg) produced greater falls in blood pressure than hydrallazine (1 mg/kg i.v.) but, in contrast to hydrallazine, did not cause any significant alteration in heart rate or plasma renin activity in these animals. When given orally, prazosin (0.1 mg/kg) produced falls in blood pressure equivalent to those observed with i.v. hydrallazine (1 mg/kg) again without significant tachycardia or plasma renin activation. PMID- 1122934 TI - The effect of harmaline on force of contraction of the rat isolated atrium. AB - In rat isolated right atria, beating spontaneously at 30 degrees C, harmaline 8.3 times 10-5 M slowed atrial rate and enhanced force of contraction. The velocity of development of tension (dT/dt) increased and time to peak tension was lengthened. Electrical drive of otherwise quiescent left atria showed that (1) within the range of change of rate induced by harmaline the reduction of frequency of stimulation increased dT/dt and peak tension developed, and (2) at a constant rate of stimulation harmaline produced a prolongation of time to peak tension and an enhancement of peak tension. We concluded that two mechanisms are responsible for the inotropic action of harmaline on rat atrium: (1) an increase in dT/dt due to the lengthening of the interval between beats; (2) a direct action of harmaline on the processes responsible for atrial contraction, which determines a lengthening of time to peak tension. PMID- 1122935 TI - Dual action of chloroquine on frog's skeletal muscle contraction. AB - Studies on the effect of chloroquine on frog's rectus abdominis muscle have been performed. Relatively low concentrations of chloroquine, 5 times 10-5 and 2 times 10-4 g/ml inhibited cholinesterase activity and potentiated acetylcholine (ACh) induced contractions but antagonized carbachol and caffeine contractions, as well as ACh-induced contractions of eserinized muscle. High concentrations (5 times 10 4 and 2 times 10-3 g/ml) non-competitively antagonized contractions to ACh, carbachol, caffeine and potassium. It was suggested that the blocking action of chloroquine was due to its local anaesthetic property and interference with intracellular calcium movements. PMID- 1122936 TI - Enterohepatic haemodynamics in calves during acute systemic anaphylaxis. AB - This study was designed to investigate the splanchnic congestion and gastrointestinal lesions frequently found in calves during anaphylaxis. Calves were sensitised to horse serum and the following cardiovascular parameters monitored; carotid arterial pressure, mesenteric arterial pressure, mesenteric venous pressure, mesenteric arterial flow, and abdominal venous pressure. Responses to histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), bradykinin, dopamine, noradrenaline and horse serum were recorded. Anaphylaxis was characterised by a diphasic arterial hypotension, a parallel rise in mesenteric venous pressure, a fall in mesenteric arterial flow and a threefold rise in mesenteric vascular resistance. It is suggested that during anaphylaxis a rise in hepatic vascular resistance occurs, resulting in pooling of blood in the venous side of the mesenteric vasculature and possibly in the liver itself. This increase in hepatic resistance may be caused by circulating vasoactive agents released by the anaphylactic process, a local Schultz-Dale type reaction, or a reflex triggered by systemic baroreceptors. PMID- 1122937 TI - Effects of clonidine on baroreceptor function in anesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of clonidine (15-30 mug/kg i.v.) on carotid sinus and other baroreceptors were investigated in anesthetized dogs. In 14 control dogs, right carotid sinus pressure was controlled by retrograde perfusion through the common carotid artery at constant flow with femoral arterial blood. Graded reductions in heart rate and blood pressure induced by graded increases in carotid sinus pressure were prevented, whereas reflex bradycardias associated with norepinephrine pressor activity were potentiated by clonidine. Norepinephrine induced bradycardia, although reduced, still persisted after chronic bilateral sinusectomy and these responses were also potentiated by clonidine. In contrast, clonidine did not potentiate reflex bradycardia in dogs 20 days after aortic stripping. In intact dogs, clonidine inhibited the response to bilateral carotid artery occlusion and to carotid sinus nerve stimulation. These studies suggest that clonidine can inhibit carotid sinus baroreceptor function and simultaneously potentiate other, presumably aortic, baroreceptor activity. PMID- 1122938 TI - Motor nerve terminal response to edrophonium in delayed DFP neuropathy. AB - A localized peripheral neuropathy was induced in cats with di-isopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). Soleus nerve-muscle preparations, and the motor nerve terminals in particular, were evaluated for responsiveness to edrophonium (200 mug/kg i.v.). Potentiation of contractile strength was absent 24 hr after DFP, and showed a trend toward recovery 7-14 days post-DFP; it then fell to about 25% of normal 3 weeks following DFP administration. During the ensuing 5 weeks this aspect of edrophonium responsiveness was largely regained. The underlying post drug repetition which gives rise to the potentiated responses was not demonstrable in either the nerve or muscle 3 weeks after DFP, but was again observed 8 weeks after poisoning. These findings suggest a delayed peripheral neuropathy indicative of a trophic deprivation and further illustrate a motor nerve terminal deficit as the initial function alteration in DFP neuropathy. PMID- 1122939 TI - Protein renewal in nuclear bodies, as studied by quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography. PMID- 1122940 TI - A scanning and stereographic ultrastructural analysis of the isolated inner mitochondrial membrane during change in metabolic activity. PMID- 1122941 TI - The polyspermy block in eggs of Urechis caupo. Evidence for a "rapid" block. PMID- 1122942 TI - The nuclear basic proteins of human testes and ejaculated spermatozoa. PMID- 1122943 TI - Localization and catalytic properties of lactate dehydrogenase in different sperm models. PMID- 1122944 TI - The repeated DNA sequences of Microtinae. II. Localization and interdispersion of repeated sequences in Microtus agrestis. PMID- 1122945 TI - Physiological studies on the sperm surface component responsible for sperm-egg bonding in sea urchin fertilization. II. Effect of concanavalin A on the fertilizing capacity of sperm. PMID- 1122946 TI - Effects of low temperature upon subsequent nucleic acid and protein synthesis of rabbit embryos. PMID- 1122947 TI - Ribosomal precursor particles from yeast. PMID- 1122948 TI - Experimental brucei trypanosomiasis: immunosuppression of the blood-aqueous barrier. PMID- 1122949 TI - Membrane water permeability in normal and cataractous human lenses. PMID- 1122950 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase of tears and corneal epithelium. PMID- 1122951 TI - Quantitative studies on the cholinesterases of the rabbit iris. PMID- 1122952 TI - A morphometric study of the Muller cell in rods and cone retinas with and without retinal vessels. PMID- 1122953 TI - Pneumatic applanation tonometer studies. III. Analysis of the floating tip sensor. PMID- 1122954 TI - Proceedings: Comparative aspects of aqueous humour formation and dynamics. PMID- 1122955 TI - Proceedings: Comparative aspects of the outflow of aqueous humour. PMID- 1122956 TI - Proceedings: Cryocyclocoagulation: experimental study. PMID- 1122957 TI - Proceedings: Intraocular pressure in Cushings syndrome. PMID- 1122958 TI - Proceedings: The influence of various anaesthetic drugs on the intraocular pressure of cats. PMID- 1122959 TI - Proceedings: Responses of intraocular pressure and iris blood flow to the administration of vasopressins. PMID- 1122960 TI - Proceedings: Measuring the ratio, delta P/delta V on the eye in patients. PMID- 1122961 TI - Proceedings: The ocular response to paracentesis in the rabbit. PMID- 1122962 TI - Proceedings: A fluorometric technique for measuring aqueous humour inflow in the intact rabbit eye. PMID- 1122963 TI - Proceedings: Effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the inflow of aqueous humour in the intact rabbit eye. PMID- 1122964 TI - Proceedings: Post-mortem changes of glycolytic metabolite levels and amino acids in the aqueous and vitreous. PMID- 1122965 TI - Proceedings: Changes in the composition of aqueous humour after carotid ligation. PMID- 1122966 TI - Proceedings: Corneal thickness and intraocular pressure. PMID- 1122967 TI - Proceedings: Endocrine influences on the refraction of the eyes of young rats. PMID- 1122968 TI - Proceedings: Hexokinase activity and corneal nutrition. PMID- 1122969 TI - Proceedings: Permeability of the isolated bovine lens capsule for environmental chemicals. PMID- 1122970 TI - Proceedings: Experimental cataracts induced by a tryptophan-free diet. PMID- 1122971 TI - Proceedings: Naphthalene cataracts in rats of differently pigmented strains. PMID- 1122972 TI - Proceedings: The enzymatic hydrolysis of human lens esterase I. PMID- 1122973 TI - Proceedings: Isoelectric focusing and immunochemistry of bovine lens crystallins. PMID- 1122974 TI - Proceedings: Pressure effects on the outflow apparatus: a study by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 1122975 TI - Proceedings: Pressure effects on the outflow apparatus: analysis by transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 1122976 TI - Proceedings: Experimental proof of the statistical agreement between calculated and measured interfibrillar distances of collagen fibrils in a normal human corneal stroma. PMID- 1122977 TI - Proceedings: Regeneration of the rabbit corneal endothelium. A light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 1122979 TI - Proceedings: Treatment of maculopathies: experimental and clinical observations. PMID- 1122978 TI - Proceedings: The relationship between intraocular pressure and visual field defects. PMID- 1122980 TI - Proceedings: Reversibility of visual field defects in glaucoma. PMID- 1122981 TI - Proceedings: Simulation of the visual field examination on a computer. PMID- 1122982 TI - Proceedings: A new system for studying retinal metabolism in situ. PMID- 1122983 TI - Proceedings: Enzymes in lacrimal secretion. PMID- 1122984 TI - Proceedings: Glycosyltransferase of platelet plasma membrane in diabetes. PMID- 1122985 TI - Proceedings: Interdisc compartment and disc membranes of bovine retinal outer segments: separation by a mild chemical method and protein analysis. PMID- 1122986 TI - Proceedings: Retinal capillary network after argon laser photocoagulation. A vital-microscopic and fluorescence-microscopic study. PMID- 1122987 TI - Proceedings: The role of rhodopsin phosphorylation in the control of permeability of rod segment discs to Ca2+. PMID- 1122988 TI - Proceedings: A reflectometric method for flow measurement in the choroid of albino rabbits. PMID- 1122989 TI - Proceedings: Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds on endotoxin induced ocular inflammation. PMID- 1122990 TI - Proceedings: Experimental autoimmune uveo-retinitis: an ultrastructural study of chorio-retinal lesions induced by photoreceptor antigens. PMID- 1122991 TI - Proceedings: Provoked iris ischaemia in the rabbit: a fluorescein angiographic and histochemical study. PMID- 1122992 TI - Proceedings: The isolated and perfused cat eye: influence of oxygen concentration on retinal responsiveness and ultrastructure (exhibit). PMID- 1122993 TI - Proceedings: The presence of albumin and other serum proteins and crystallins in chick cornea and in corneal endothelium and epithelium (exhibit). PMID- 1122994 TI - Phagocytosis in the normal and ischaemic retinal pigment epithelium of the rabbit. PMID- 1122995 TI - Distribution of intravenously injected 24NaCl in different tissues of the rabbit eye. PMID- 1122996 TI - Distribution of 24NaCl in tissues of alkali- and acid-burned rabbit eyes. PMID- 1122997 TI - Ion analyses of human cataractous lenses. PMID- 1122998 TI - Pneumatic applanation tonometex studies. IV. Analysis of pulsatile response. PMID- 1122999 TI - Disruption of the blood--aqueous barrier following paracentesis in the rabbit. PMID- 1123000 TI - Cholesterol in human tear fluid. PMID- 1123001 TI - Transplantation of skeletal muscle in normal and dystrophic mice. PMID- 1123002 TI - Enzyme studies of skeletal muscle in mice with different types of neural impairment and muscular dystrophy. PMID- 1123003 TI - Role of the strio-pallidal system and motor cortex in induced circus movements in rats and cats. PMID- 1123004 TI - Neuromuscular function in fast and slow muscles of genetically dystrophic mice. PMID- 1123005 TI - Effects of prestriate and striate lesions on the monkey's ability to locate and discriminate visual forms. PMID- 1123006 TI - Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the developing rat spinal cord. PMID- 1123007 TI - "Binding" of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine to synaptosome-enriched fractions of rat cerebral cortex and spinal cord. PMID- 1123008 TI - The influence of stimulus intensity on sensitization of the flexor reflex. PMID- 1123009 TI - Laryngeal water receptors initiating apnea in the lamb. PMID- 1123010 TI - Selective damage of large diameter peripheral nerve fibers by compression: an application of Laplace's law. PMID- 1123011 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow pattern in focal epileptiform seizures in the monkey. PMID- 1123012 TI - Lipids in digestive gland of Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton) and in daughter sporocysts of Microphallus similis (Jag. 1900). PMID- 1123013 TI - Babesia bigemina, Babesia argentina, and Anaplasma marginale: Coinfectious immunity in bovines. PMID- 1123014 TI - Plasmodium lophurae: quantitative in vitro incorporation of 14C-1-acetate into lipids. PMID- 1123015 TI - Trypanosoma musculi infections in complement-deficient mice. PMID- 1123016 TI - Trypanosoma gambiense: Blocking ability of parasite and macrophage homogenates on attachment during phagocytosis. PMID- 1123018 TI - Editorial: Malpractice insurance--legislators may hold the key. PMID- 1123017 TI - Trichinella spiralis: phospholipase in sensitized mice after challenge. PMID- 1123019 TI - Editorial: The AMA- IS A SLEEPING Giant awakening? PMID- 1123020 TI - Pancoast tumor with laryngopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 1123021 TI - Complete stenosis of the cervical esophagus following total laryngectomy. PMID- 1123022 TI - Clinical correlates of electronystagmography. PMID- 1123023 TI - Allergies may lead to minimal brain dysfunction in children. PMID- 1123024 TI - Editorial: More on ventilating tubes. PMID- 1123025 TI - The electro-oculogram, angioid streaks, and the R-membrane. PMID- 1123026 TI - Postoperative complications of adult glaucoma surgery. PMID- 1123027 TI - Some current thoughts on ocular hypertension. PMID- 1123029 TI - Newer endoscopic and emergency respiratory techniques. PMID- 1123028 TI - Chronic otitis media--a clinical and bacteriological study. PMID- 1123031 TI - Some animal acoustic properties--1. PMID- 1123030 TI - Foreign body (fingernail) as cause of acute submaxillary gland infection. PMID- 1123032 TI - The dangers of aerosol sprays. PMID- 1123033 TI - [Some compounds correlated to pyracrimycin A]. AB - Some biological characteristics of pyracrimycin A (I), a metabolic compound isolated from cultures of Streptomyces eridani are examined. Some other compounds related to I, obtained both by chemical reaction from the natural product and by synthesis are described. The in vitro antibacterial activity seems to be due to the presence of the unsaturated moiety --N equals (see article) --CH equals CH-- (see article) equals O. PMID- 1123034 TI - The search for new drugs in the group of xanthine derivatives. XXXVIII - 1,3 dimethyl-8-alkyl-6H,7H,10H-(1,2,4-)-triazepino(4,3-f)purine-2,4-(1H,3H)-diones and their derivatives. AB - Condensation of 1-(8'-chlorotheophyllinyl-7')-alkan-3-ones with hydrazine hydrate gave 8-alkyl derivatives of the new heterocyclic ring system: 1,3-dimethyl 6H,7H,10H-(1,2,4)-triazepino [4,3-f] purine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione (I, II). 10-Acyl (III - VI) and 10-beta-cyanoethyl (VII, VIII) derivatives of compounds (I) and (II) were easy obtained in good yield. With p-nitrophenyl- and isonicotinoylhydrazines only the corresponding hydrazones of 1-(theophyllinyl-7') alkan-3-ones (IX, X) were formed. In the attempt to obtain 10-aryl, hydroxyalkyl or acyl derivatives of the new tricyclic ring system by the reaction of 1-(8' chlorotheophyllinyl-7')-butan-3-one with phenyl-, beta-hydroxyethyl- or acetylhydrazines only decomposition of the ketones to 8-chlorotheophylline and vinylketones was observed. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by U.V. and N.M.R. spectroscopy and partly by mass spectrometry. PMID- 1123035 TI - [Isoxazolylpenicillins with cycloaliphatic substituents in the isoxazole ring]. AB - Some derivatives of oxacillin were prepared containing in place of the phenyl group a cyclohexyl, cyclohexylphenyl, phenylcyclohexyl or diphenylyl moiety. In the same compounds a methylene bridge between the carboxy group and the heterocyclic ring was inserted. The results of in vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity are given. PMID- 1123036 TI - Antimicrobial properties of some 3-acyl-4,7-disubstituted indoles. AB - In continuation of research on indole derivatives as potential chemotherapeutic agents, the antimicrobial properties of some 4,7-disubstituted 3-acylindoles were studied; the derivatives tested were 4,7-dimethoxy-, 4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-, 4,7 dihydroxyindoles and indole 4,7-quinones. Only the dihydroxy compounds (V a-c) proved active against certain bacterial strains. In order to test whether the action mechanism was analogous to that of mitomycin, a series of experiments was carried out to study the formation of complexes with DNA. It was found that only the substances with antimicrobial activity can form complexes, and it is therefore suggested that the action mechanism involves interference with cellular DNA. PMID- 1123037 TI - [Transport and mode of action of sennosides]. AB - Prior to attempting to develop a new laxative, pharmacodynamic studies were conducted on the individual active constituents of senna. Sennoside A, sennoside B and rhein were injected intravenously and were introduced into the isolated stomach, small bowel and large bowel of the anaesthetised pig. Blood, urine and bile, collected over 6 hours, were assayed by a novel fluorometric technique. Recoveries and measured oil water partition coefficients indicate that the sennosides are virtually non-absorbed in the stomach and small bowel. Following administrations outside the large bowel, anthracene derivative concentrations in the lumen and wall of the colon were below the limits of detection. Thus, a transport theory involving absorption and resecretion of sennosides into the large bowel is discounted. The results support a mode of action involving direct transport through the alimentary canal to the large bowel where micro-organism break the sugar-anthracene bonds. Derivatives of the liberated lipophilic aglycones are absorbed into the wall of the colon and stimulate the nerve plexuses thereby leading to defaecation. The "colon-specific" mode of action of the natural anthrone glycosides appears to be an ideal method of stimulating bowel action. PMID- 1123038 TI - [Research in antitumoral chemotherapy. X. Cytotoxic and antitumoral activity of beta-nitrostyrenes and of composed nitrovinyl derivatives]. AB - In previous work the antitumoral cytotoxicity of beta-nitrostyrenes obtained by simplification of the aristolochic acid molecule was demonstrated. The effect of modifying the three characteristic parts of the beta-nitrostyrene molecule has now been investigated. The results obtained in vitro and in vivo allow hypothesis of a mechanism of action for the various beta-nitrostyrene and nitrovinyl compounds studied and definition of the maximum simplification compatible with retention of biological activity. PMID- 1123039 TI - UV dose-dependent induction of enzymes related to flavonoid biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of parsley. PMID- 1123040 TI - Spectral interactions of a series of chlorinated hydrocarbons with cytochrome P 450 of liver microsomes from variously-treated rats. PMID- 1123041 TI - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rabbit skeletal muscle microsomal proteins. PMID- 1123042 TI - Direct detection of protein kinases on electropherograms. PMID- 1123043 TI - Characterization of the two major dna polymerase activities in oocytes and eggs of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 1123044 TI - Phosphate transport across the mitochondrial membrane: the influence of thiol oxidation and of Mg++ on inhibition by mercurials. PMID- 1123045 TI - Decreased uptake of (3H)leucine during progesterone induced maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. PMID- 1123046 TI - Time pattern of appearance and disappearance of active molting chitinase in Manduca cuticle. The endogenous activity. PMID- 1123047 TI - Studies on the effect of hypophysectomy on protein methylase II of rat. PMID- 1123048 TI - Gamma-glutamyl transferase: a secretory enzyme. PMID- 1123049 TI - Isolation of plasma co-factor in adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation of bovine platelets. PMID- 1123050 TI - The tyrosyl residues of yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase: reactivity toward iodine. PMID- 1123051 TI - Role of superoxide radicals in the lipid peroxidation of intracellular membranes. PMID- 1123052 TI - The interaction of aurintricarboxylic acid with ribosomal proteins and its application to gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1123053 TI - Apyrimidinic sites in gamma-irradiated DNA. PMID- 1123054 TI - Purification of bovine prothrombin by affinity chromatography. PMID- 1123055 TI - Isolation of tubulin from pig platelets. PMID- 1123056 TI - Porphobilinogen excretion in chemical induced porphyria: reversal by induction of porphobilinogen oxygenase. PMID- 1123057 TI - A manganese protein complex within the chloroplast structures. PMID- 1123058 TI - Uptake of chyle cholesterol esters and intact triglycerides by suspended hepatocytes. PMID- 1123059 TI - Brain and caudate nucleus adenylate cyclase: effects of dopamine, GTP, E prostaglandins and morphine. PMID- 1123060 TI - Histidine-dependent activation of arginine deiminase in Clostridium sporogenes: kinetic evidence on in vivo allosteric interactions. PMID- 1123061 TI - Effect of rifampicin on bacteriophage PM2 biogenesis. PMID- 1123062 TI - DNA content of dormant barley leaf nuclei and the synthesis of RNA and DNA during germination. PMID- 1123063 TI - The amino acid sequence of leghaemoglobin I from root nodules of broad bean (Vicia faba L.). PMID- 1123064 TI - The proteins associated with mRNA from uninfected and adenovirus type 5-infected KB cells. PMID- 1123065 TI - Interaction of D-alpha-methylaspartic acid with aspartate aminotransferase. PMID- 1123066 TI - Base catalyzed aminolysis of carbodithioic esters and its interest in solid phase sequential analysis of peptides. PMID- 1123067 TI - Elaboration of medium chain free fatty acids and long chain fatty acid prostaglandin precursors by isolated anoxic rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 1123068 TI - The gain in conformational purity and loss in flexibility as a result of 3',5' polymerization between the component mononucleotides - a 300 MHz 1H and 40.5 MHz 31 P NMR comparative study of the dynamic solution conformation of dinucleoside monophosphates and their component monomers. PMID- 1123069 TI - On the oxidation of succinate by parenchymal cells isolated from rat liver. PMID- 1123070 TI - Proteolytic degradation of histones and site of cleavage in histone F2al and F3. PMID- 1123071 TI - Conformational implications of amino acid sequence regularities in collagen. PMID- 1123072 TI - On the metabolic function of glutamate dehydrogenase in rat liver. PMID- 1123073 TI - Isoenzymes of an acyl transferase from rabbit mammary gland: evidence from biphasic substrate saturation kinetics. PMID- 1123074 TI - Preparative purification of lambda-DNA fragments obtained after Eco RI digestion. PMID- 1123075 TI - Circular dichroism and fluorescence studies on troponin--tropomyosin interactions. PMID- 1123076 TI - Evidence for a localization of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase within the chromaffin granules. PMID- 1123077 TI - The transport of monocarboxylic oxoacids in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 1123078 TI - The tryptophanase from Proteus rettgeri: sulfhydryl groups in the holo- and apo enzyme preparations. PMID- 1123079 TI - Studies on the structure and metabolism of glycogen in foetal liver. PMID- 1123080 TI - The action of 5-chloro-3-tert. butyl-2'-chloro-4'-nitro-salicylanilide and alpha, alpha'-bis(hexafluoroacetonyl)aceton on the water-splitting enzyme system Y in spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 1123081 TI - Rat brain synaptic vesicles and synaptic plasma membranes compared by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 1123082 TI - A comparative study of histone acetylation in neuronal and glial nuclei enriched rat brain fractions. PMID- 1123083 TI - The interaction between protein A and immunoglobulin G as studied with the Fc fragment of a myeloma protein by circular dichroism. PMID- 1123084 TI - Competitive affinity chromatography of wheat alpha-amylase. PMID- 1123085 TI - Inhibitory action of cyanide on aniline hydroxylase system. PMID- 1123086 TI - Letter: Has the B in FASEB been forgotten? PMID- 1123087 TI - Solutions of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations modified for potassium accumulation in a periaxonal space. AB - Hodgkin and Huxley equations were modified to include the properties of an external diffusion barrier separated from the axolemma by a thin periaxonal space in which potassium ions accumulate as a function of membrane activity. Further modifications in the equations took into account new values for gK and new functions for alphan, betan, alphah, and betah derived from voltage clamp experiments on Loligo pealei giant axons. Equations were solved on a PDP-11 computer using the Gear predictor-corrector numerical method. In comparison with the original Hodgkin and Huxley equations, the modified equations for membrane potentials gave: 1) more accurate representations of the falling and undershoot phases of the membrane action potential, 2) more accurate representation of thresholds and latencies, 3) increases in the periaxonal space potassium ion concentration, Ks, of about 1 mM/impulse, 4) proper predictions of the time course and magnitude of either undershoot decline or periaxonal potassium ion accumulation during trains of membrane action potentials elicited by repetitivie short duration stimuli, and5) a somewhat more accurate representation of adaptation (finite train and nonrepetitive responses) during long duration constant current stimulation. PMID- 1123088 TI - Noise measurements in axon membranes. AB - A fluctuation (noise) component, which arises from spontaneous microscopic conductance perturbations, about the mean conduction characteristics of small areas of axon membrane has been measured and appears to relate to voltage dependent potassium-ion movements. Since the kinetics of relaxing membrane structures which produce ion permeation noise may be deduced from the form of power density spectra of fluctuations, a comparison of measured and theoretical noise spectra may lead to direct tests of conduction of models. PMID- 1123089 TI - Potassium and sodium current noise from squid axon membranes. AB - Current noise under voltage clamp has been measured from the giant axon of Loligo vulgaris. Relatively large areas (up to 0.4 cm2) were used for these measurements, under standard space clamped conditions. Current noise spectral densities were studied in the range of 0 to 20 C, -100 to -40 mV and in normal, tetrodotoxin, and tetraethylammonium ion solutions. Three components of current noise were found, l/f-noise, and a K and a Na component. PMID- 1123090 TI - Voltage clamp simulation. AB - The voltage clamp experiment on the squid giant axon is successful because of the special characteristics of the preparation: cylindrical shape, large diameter, and so on. The method is much more difficult to apply to small cells and to networks of cells because voltage gradients and unwanted stray impedances are not readily eliminated. Simulation of the voltage clamp experiment is proposed as a method for determining when these factors and the characteristics of the clamp electronics affect the experimental results, for evaluating experimental techniques for improving the quality of the clamp, and as a possible method of learning something about the membrane when no experimental improvement is feasible. The numerical methods for including one spatial variable in the analysis are reviewed briefly. Several examples of voltage clamp simulations are discussed: double sucrose gap clamp of axons, clamp of the giant synapse, single sucrose gap clamp of cardiac muscle bundles, point clamp of the end of a fiber bundle, and the steady-state three-microelectrode clamp of a cable with nonlinear membrane. The results indicate that the quality of a clamp cannot be evaluated from the voltage and current records as commonly measured. PMID- 1123091 TI - Propagation of action potentials in inhomogeneous axon regions. AB - Described are studies of propagation of action potentials through inhomogenous axon regions through experiments performed on squid giant axons and by computer simulations. The initial speed of propagation of the action potential is dependent upon the stimulus waveform. For a rectangular pulse of current, the action potential travel initally at a high speed that declines over the distance, reaching a constant speed of propagation at about 1-5 resting length constants; this distance depends on the stimulus strength. additional experiments studied the effects of changing the axon diameter and of introducing a temperature step. It was found that the propagated action potential suffers profound modification in shape and velocity as it reaches the region of transition. In both cases, it was possible to obtain reflected action potentials. A region of increased effective diameter was produced experimentally in the squid giant axon by insertion of an axial wire as usually employed in voltage clamps. It was found that the action potential, at the axial wire tip region, undergoes shape changes similar to those obtained tn simulations of a region of increased diameter as in a junction with the axon and soma in motor neurons. It is conducluded that the gaint axon can be used to reproduce simple electrical behaviors in other structures.-Ramon, F., R. W. Joyner and J.W. Moore. Propagation of action potentials in inhomogeneous axon regions. PMID- 1123092 TI - Principles and applications of fluctuation analysis: a nonmathematical introduction. AB - The mechanisms underlying many of the processes studied by membrane biophysicists are inherently probabilistic, and therefore exhibit random fluctuations around the mean of behavior. These fluctuations reflect the underlying probabilistic mechanism and therefore can sometimes provide information, not otherwise available, about these mechanisms. Fluctuations may be characterized by their spectra which are obtained from a Fourier analysis of the experimental records. When a theory for membrane processes is available, it makes predictions about fluctuation spectra and therefore may be tested by examining these spectra. Theories about gating behavior at the frog neuromuscular junction have been tested in this way, and it has been possible, in addition, to estimate the conductance of one open channel, a quantity not susceptible to direct measurements. Various physical pictures are capable of yielding the same macroscopic behavior for axon membranes, that is, the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, but these various mechanisms predict that the current fluctuations around their mean values should have different characteristics. Fluctuation analysis may, then be of value in elucidating the physical basis for axon conductance changes. PMID- 1123093 TI - Effects of cholinergic compounds on the axon-Schwann cell relationship in the squid nerve fiber. AB - The effects of acetylcholine, carbamylcholine, D-tubocurarine, eserine, and alpha bungarotoxin on the Schwann cell electrical potential of resting and stimulated squid nerve fibers were studied. Acetylcholine (10-7 M) and barbamylcholine (10-6 M) induce a prolonged hyper polarization in the Schwann cells of the unstimulated nerve fiber. In the presence of carbamylcholine (10-6 M) the behavior of the Schwann cell membrane to changes in the external potassium concentration approximates the behavior of an ideal potassium electrode. D-Tubocurarine (10-9 M) blocks the hyperpolarizing effects of nerve impulse trains and carbamylcholine (10-6 M), whereas at the same concentration eserine prolongs the Schwann cell hyperpolarizations induced by axon stimulation or by acetylcholine (10-7 M). alpha-Bungarotoxin (10-9M) also blocks the hyperpolarizing effect of nerve impulse trains and of carbamylcholine. D-Tubocurarine (10-5M) protects the Schwann cells against the irreversible action of alpha-bungarotoxin. These results show the existence of acetylcholine receptors in the Schwann cell membrane. Preliminary measurements of the binding of 125I-alpha bungarotoxin to the plasma membranes isolated from squid nerves also indicate the presence of acetylcholine receptors. These findings support the involvement of cholinergic mechanisms in the axon-Schwann cell relationship previously described. PMID- 1123094 TI - Electrical properties of the transverse tubular system. AB - The transverse tubular system (T-system) of skeletal muscle links surface membrane action potential and release of activator calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The spread of depolarization along this system has been studied in voltage-clamped frog muscle fibers by using the spread of contractile activation in a thin optical cross section through the fiber center as an index. In tetrodotoxin treated fibers as depolarization of the fiber is increased contraction spreads from superficial to axial myofibrils. In tetrodotoxin free fibers the radial gradient of activation is reversed indicating that normally the activating signal is propagated along the T-system. Activation across the SR-T tubule junction does not appear to trigger an all-or-none response from the SR, Costantin, L.L. Electrical properties of the transverse tubular system. PMID- 1123095 TI - Axons, dendrites and synapses. AB - Classical concepts of neuronal organization have been based on the motoneuron as a model. Recent work on the mitral cell of the olfactory bulb has revealed synaptic connections of dendrites and cell bodies that are not present in the motoneuron. Similar findings in many other parts of the nervous system suggest the need to revise our concept of synaptic relations and functions properties of axons and dendrites.--SHEPHERD, G. M. Axons, dendrites and synapses. PMID- 1123096 TI - Hypertension in children. PMID- 1123097 TI - Editorial: Group vs solo practice. PMID- 1123098 TI - The Delaware Cancer Network. An invitation to participate. PMID- 1123099 TI - Acceptance and use of Depo Provera in Chieng Mai. PMID- 1123100 TI - Central Medical Committee decisions--April 1975. PMID- 1123101 TI - The world abortion picture--1975. PMID- 1123102 TI - Acute in vivo effects on HCG and LH on ovarian mitochondrial cholesterol utilization. PMID- 1123103 TI - Cytoplasmic and nuclear non-histone proteins and mouse uterine cell proliferation. PMID- 1123104 TI - Inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol formation in vitro. PMID- 1123105 TI - Cumulative superinduction of avidin in the chick oviduct by tissue damage and actinomycin D. PMID- 1123106 TI - Naturally labeled 13C-glucose. Metabolic studies in human diabetes and obesity. AB - The 13C/12C ratio in most commercial preparations of glucose used in clinical investigation is much higher than that of expired air. Variations in expired air 13C, after glucose load, are indicative of the catabolism of this exogenous glucose. The changes in the 13C/12C ratio of CO2 in expired air after oral administration of glucose were determined by mass spectrometry. Results in eleven healthy volunteers and seven obese subjects with normal oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) are reported. In all cases, the administration of glucose resulted in a marked rise in the 13C/12C ration of expired CO2, reaching its maximum at the fourth hour and then declining progressively. In seven obese patients with chemical diabetes and in five insulin-dependent diabetics, the 13C/12C ratio of expired CO2 during OGTT was significantly reduced, in comparison with the results obtained from the control groups. This study demonstrates the potential of this procedure using "naturally labeled" 13C glucose for the metabolic studies in man as anticipated from previous studies of Duchesne and his coworkers. PMID- 1123107 TI - Basement membrane thickness in muscle capillaries of normal and spontaneously diabetic Macaca nigra. AB - The thickness of the capillary basement membrane of femoral muscle was examined in normal and spontaneously diabetic Macaca nigra. Thickness correlated significangly with the degree and severity of diabetes; greater thickness was associated with decreased glucose tolerance, decreased serum insulin, and increased glucose and triglyceride. In normal monkeys, the average basement membrane thickness was 696 A and in diabetic monkeys, 837 A, The minimum basement membrane thickness was 524 A in normal monkeys and 634 A in diabetics. Normals differed significantly from diabetic monkeys. PMID- 1123108 TI - Hyperinsulinemia and enlarged adipocytes in patients with endogenous hyperlipoproteinemia without obesity or diabetes mellitus. AB - Studies of adipocyte metabolism were performed in twelve male subjects with normal plasma lipids and eleven male patients with Type IV or Type V hyperlipoproteinemia. Patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. Although all patients had normal glucose tolerance tests, the blood glucose levels during these tests were higher in the hyperlipoproteinemic patients than in the normal control subjects and the plasma insulin responses were even more strikingly elevated in the hyperlipemic group. Adipocytes isolated from hypertriglyceridemic subjects were larger than those obtained from normal individuals and exhibited increased activities of both Type I and Type II hexokinase and increased rates of glucose oxidation and lipogenesis from glucose. Cell size, hexokinase isoenzyme activities and rates of lipogenesis from glucose were all strongly correlated with each other, but none of these measurements were correlated with glucose oxidation. It is not known how the adipocyte abnormalities are related to the lipid transport disorder. PMID- 1123109 TI - Inordinately high levels of serum immunoreactive insulin in monoclonal immunoglobulinemia (on the problem of "big, big insulin"). AB - 1. A patient with occasional attacks of hypoglycemia had levels of serum immunoreactive insulin persistently fifty to one-hundred times the normal value. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed presence of monoclonal IgG in his serum. The patient's diagnosis was established as paraproteinemic lymphoid and plasmocytic reticulosis proximate to multiple myeloma; insuloma was not found. 2. On gel filtration of native serum, only part of the total immunoreactivity was found in the elution position of crystalline insulin; the major part emerged in the early fractions together with the large proteins. After acidification of the serum, however, practically the entire immunoreactivity was recovered in ethanol extracts and proved to be "little insulin" on gel filtration. Only, "little insulin" was also detected after gel filtration of serum incubated with urea. 3. It is suggested that the large component with insulin immunoreactivity obtained in gel filtration of native serum is an insulin-protein complex. The nature of the presumed complex is not clear. It is not a complex of the antigen-antibody type. Insulin "trapping" by monoclonal gamma globulin is considered. PMID- 1123110 TI - Insulin sensitivity of isolated perfused rat liver. AB - The responsiveness of the isolated perfused rat liver to different metabolic effects of insulin was investigated during recycling perfusion. Infusion of porcine insulin at rates of 6, 9, 16 and 33 mU/hr. resulted in stable perfusate insulin levels averaging 41, 72, 120 and 229 muU/ml., respectively. Since the portal vein insulin concentration in the intact rat averaged 48 muU/ml. after a twenty-six-hour fast and 125 muU/ml. two hours after removal of food, the studies were conducted at insulin levels within the physiological range. The effect of each insulin concentration on the net accumulation of K+, AMINO ACID NITROGEN, UREA NITROGEN AND GLUCOSE IN The perfusing medium was assessed against the net accumulation of perfusate constituents during perfusion of control livers and livers perfused with perfusate insulin levels greater than 500 muU/ml. The results indicate that essentially maximal suppression of amino acid nitrogen outflow and retention of K+ OCCURRED AT INSULIN CONCENTRAtions of 72 muU/ml., with lesser effects being noted at 41 muU/ml. Inhibition of ureogenesis was demonstrated at insulin levels above 120 muU/ml. However, significant effects of insulin on suppressing net glucose outflow was not observed until insulin levels had reached 500 muU/ml. due presumably to the absence of a sustained rate of glycogenolysis by control livers. The observation that perfused livers from normal rats are extremely sensitive to several metabolic effects of insulin at physiological concentrations suggests that this experimental approach can provide useful information as to the role of the liver in the pathogenesis of various insulin resistant states. PMID- 1123111 TI - Comparison of the lipolytic effects of insulin and proinsulin on isolated fat cells. AB - Proinsulin, like insulin, has a biphasic effect on the lipolysis of isolated fat cells. Low concentrations of the peptides inhibit the response to submaximal doses of epinephrine, while higher concentrations of the peptides enhance the effect of supramaximal doses of epinephrine. Half-maximal doses are: (a) inhibition of lipolysis: insulin, 2.3 times 10- minus 11M; proinsulin, 6.9 times 10- minus 10M; (b) enhancement of lipolysis: insulin, 3.1 times 10- minus 9M; proinsulin, 8.1 times 10- minus 8M. The ratios of the potencies of the peptides are the same for both effects. These results suggest that both the inhibitory and the lipolytic effects of insulin are not caused by contaminants, and are mediated by similar receptors. PMID- 1123112 TI - Spinal-cord injuries during birth. AB - The subject of perinatal injury to the spinal cord is briefly reviewed. Recognized causative factors are traction on the infant's trunk during breech delivery, rotational stresses applied to the spinal axis, traction on the cord via the brachial plexus in shoulder dystocia, and hyperextension of the fetal head in breech delivery or transverse presentation. Recognition of these factors is the basis for prevention of this terrible accident. Diagnostic criteria at various period of life are mentioned and the importance of the recognition of anaesthesia and reflex movements is emphasized. Treatment is mainly supportive. The development of an automatic reflex bladder evacuation is discussed. Follwup examinations and resourceful orthopedic care are essential. A few affected children learn to live with their disability and a very few who are apparently transected at birth recover surprisingly well. PMID- 1123113 TI - Subdural effusions. PMID- 1123114 TI - Intelligence, speech and language development of hydrocephalic children. PMID- 1123115 TI - Letter: The importance of memory traces of motor efferent discharges for learning skilled movements. PMID- 1123117 TI - Letter: The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex. PMID- 1123118 TI - Letter: Hearing loss after H. influenzae meningitis. PMID- 1123116 TI - Letter: Epilepsy in Nigerian children. PMID- 1123119 TI - Locomotor prognosis in cerebral palsy. AB - A study of the prognosis for walking of 73 pre-school children who had cerebral palsy or delayed motor development is reported. The importance of prognostic signs, based upon the presence or absence of postural reflex activity, was confirmed. The prognosis was accurate in 94-5 per cent of the 73 children studied. The method of scoring a child's reflex responses and relating this to the prognosis seems to be a simple procedure, easy to understand and to apply. It is suggested that the assessment of treatment methods should include an analysis of the child's walking potential, based upon the methods delineated in this study, before treatment is started. PMID- 1123120 TI - Rectus femoris release in selected patients with cerebral palsy: a preliminary report. AB - Two theories concerning the effects of surgical release of the proximal origins of the rectus femoris in spastic patients are (1) that release reduces hip flexion contracture and lumbar lordosis and diminishes crouch, and (2) that release primarily enhances early swing-phase knee flexion. A series of eight patients with pre-operative electromyography and pre- and post-operative dynamic knee measurements are reviewed. In these patients, back-knee thrust did not improve because it was not caused by rectus contracture. The effect upon hip was also variable: two patients had increased hip flexion and a third had diminished hip flexion after release. In six of the eight patients knee flexion was improved in early swing phase. Improvement from surgery can be expected when rectus spasticity is sufficient (1) to interfere with the initiation of swing phase, and (2) to decrease the amplitude of knee flexion. Little change occurred in the patients who did not have these functional deficits. A review of the cases supports the primary knee effect theory of Silfvenskiold; however, insufficient information was obtained from this series to rule out hip and pelvic changes. PMID- 1123121 TI - Very low birthweight and subsequent neurological defect (with special reference to spastic diplegia). AB - Of a total of 170 children who weighed 1500g or less at birth and who were born in or admitted shortly after birth to Hammersmith Hospital, London, between the years 1961-70 inclusive, 165 have been followed to ascertain the incidence of neurological handicap, with particular reference to spastic diplegia. This condition occurred in six children (3-6 per cent), all of whom were born during the 1961-64 period, an incidence in those years of 10-3 per cent, compared with 0 0 per cent in the period 1965-70 (times 2 equal to 8-72, p equal to 0-0032). These findings are considered in the context of perinatal illness and care. The one statistically significant difference found between the children with and without spastic diplegia in the earlier period was a somewhat lower mean minimum rectal temperature on the first day of life only. PMID- 1123122 TI - Motor development in Yucatecan infants. AB - Infant motor development was studied in three socio-cultural groups inYucatan, Mexico, using the Denver Developmental Screening Test f9DDSTF0 AND THEBayley Infant Motor Scale. Eight infants f9four boys and four girlsf0 at each monthof age from two weeks to one year and two weeks were examined in each group, a total of 288infants f996 in each groupf0. There were no significant differences in motor developmentamong the groups or between boys and girls. There was an increase in abilities with age. Compared with the Bayley norms for the USA, fine motor co-ordination was advanced inthese children but there was a delay in walking. The DDST was unable to detect childrenmore than one standard deviation below the mean on the Bayley Infant Motor Scale. PMID- 1123123 TI - A special neurological examination of children with learning disabilities. AB - Children with "minimal brain dysfunction" and learning disabilities were found to have significantly more minor neurological signs than control children. Many of these signs become less obvious or disappear by the age of 11 years; therefore older cases are more similar to controls, whereas younger cases show lags or deficits at the highest levels of central nervous system functioning-language, fine motor co-ordination and cross-modality integrations. PMID- 1123124 TI - Unilateral nerve deafness in childhood: a possible vascular etiology. AB - Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in an eight-year-old girl, with radiographic evidence suggesting occlusion of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, is reported. Previous to the present report, a vascular etiology of this disorder has not been demonstrated. PMID- 1123125 TI - Improvements in health care. PMID- 1123126 TI - Hypernatraemia: a preventable cause of acquired brain damage? PMID- 1123128 TI - Learning difficulties: the role of the doctor. PMID- 1123127 TI - Electrophysiological tests of hearing. PMID- 1123129 TI - [Host-parasite relations in infections by Candida]. PMID- 1123131 TI - [Malignant tumors of soft parts]. PMID- 1123130 TI - [2 problems of ischemic cardiopathy: myocardial insufficiency and symptoms of preinfarction]. PMID- 1123132 TI - Clinical patterns in Crohn's disease: a statistical study of 615 cases. PMID- 1123133 TI - Differentiation of pancreatitis from common bile duct obstruction with hyperamylasemia. PMID- 1123134 TI - Effects of gastrointestinal hormones on adenylate cyclase activity in human jejunal mucosa. PMID- 1123135 TI - Effect of a chemically defined liquid elemental diet on composition and volume of ileal fistula drainage. PMID- 1123136 TI - Effect of continuous intravenous infusion of insulin versus rapid intravenous injection of insulin on gastric acid secretion in man. PMID- 1123137 TI - Intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion: augmentation of maximal response of Heidenhain pouch to gastrin and histamine. PMID- 1123138 TI - Characterization of circulating immunoreactive glucagon in response to intraduodenal administration of fat in dogs. PMID- 1123139 TI - Effects of intraduodenal amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars on secretin concentrations. PMID- 1123140 TI - Inheritance of the Dubin-Johnson-Sprinz syndrome. PMID- 1123141 TI - Percutaneous liver biopsy in patients with large bile duct obstruction. PMID- 1123142 TI - Ultrastructural localization of actin-like filaments in rat hepatocytes. PMID- 1123143 TI - Colonic pseudopolyps in association with amebic colitis. PMID- 1123144 TI - Reversible finger clubbing in a case of purgative abuse. PMID- 1123145 TI - Control of gastric emptying and motility. PMID- 1123146 TI - Liver biopsy in extrahepatic biliary obstruction and in other "contraindicated" disorders. PMID- 1123147 TI - The attainment of formal operations: a comparison of probability concepts in deaf and hearing adolescents. AB - In a series of six experiments deaf and hearing adolescents were compared on attainment of formal operations in Piaget's theory as represented by performance on probability problems. Performance of deaf subjects provided a desirable control comparison, since their knowledge of probability concepts was most likely acquired outside school classrooms. The probability problems were usually binary choice situations that required no verbalizations and were designed to illuminate strategies, as well as to indicate conceptual stage. Two experiments, one a long term training study of over two years' duration, used supplementary preadolescent subject groups. Most of the hearing adolescents and many of the deaf adolescents attained the formal operatory level for probability concepts according to the criteria described by Piaget and Inheldermtheir criteria can be criticized, however, as insufficiently demanding, although they do point up the difficulty of defining the place of computational abilities in formal operationsmresults from several experiments suggested a second and higher level of formal operatory attainment around the ages of 14 to 15. Further theoretical insights were obtained regarding the implicit rules that frequently appeared to guide subjects' choices; a surprising variety of strategies were reported. Analysis of choice tendendies showed consistent avoidance of calculations and selection of the choice with the greatest absolute rather than relative frequency (or area) even when these strategies produced systematic errors. Subjects were generally unable to combine probability information from two different sources. In the long-term training experiment spontaneous improvement was shown by children at formal operatory ages even without training, but not by younger children. Deaf adolescents performed as well as hearing adolescents on easy problems, but they made more errors on several types of more difficult problems; Deaf adolescents were also less consistent than the hearing in use of rules, and in several experiments they showed a two- to three-year performance lag. PMID- 1123149 TI - A model geriatric health care system: coordinated endeavor of patient care and physician training. PMID- 1123148 TI - Vesiculobullous eruptions can cause serious problems. PMID- 1123150 TI - Retirement: the third age. Financial perspective for the bonus years. PMID- 1123151 TI - Sex after 45; sex education is for physicians, too. PMID- 1123152 TI - Are nursing home charges a cause or an effect of inflation? PMID- 1123153 TI - Coping with common skin conditions. Part 1. PMID- 1123154 TI - Aging skin: Understanding the inevitable. PMID- 1123155 TI - Common-sense care for aging skin. PMID- 1123156 TI - Degenerative skin disorders: toll of age and sun. PMID- 1123157 TI - Allergic dermatoses in the older patient. PMID- 1123158 TI - Skin infections may be outward signs of inner disorders. PMID- 1123159 TI - [Use of bromoergocryptine in physiological inhibition of lactation]. PMID- 1123160 TI - [Epididymal maturation of spermatozoa and modulation of fertility in man (interference of the capacitation and maturation processes of spermatogenesis by blocking the SH groups)]. PMID- 1123161 TI - [Contraception with systems of intrauterine liberation of progesterone]. PMID- 1123162 TI - [Post-cesarean maternal mortality (analysis of 700 cases)]. PMID- 1123163 TI - [Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV-1) in persons without any respiratory manifestations]. PMID- 1123164 TI - [Assessment of unequal ventilation distribution in patients with silicosis based on capnographic curves]. PMID- 1123165 TI - [Clinical assessment of isoprenaline sulfate aerosol as compared to Astmopent]. PMID- 1123166 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in blood microcultures in the assessment of cellular immunity in tuberculosis]. PMID- 1123167 TI - [Continued, supervised or controlled chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis either following initial hospital treatment or during ambulatory care]. PMID- 1123168 TI - [Effect on short-term memory of classic antitubercular drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis]. PMID- 1123169 TI - [Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in the course of chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 1123170 TI - [Devic's syndrome (neuromyelitis optica) in the course of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1123171 TI - The immediate and delayed effects of different types of vagotomy on human gastric myoelectrical activity. AB - The immediate and delayed effects of different types of vagotomy on the antral myoelectrical activity have been studied in 52 patients who had previously undergone either highly selective vagotomy (HSV) or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TV + P) for the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration up to eight years previously. The frequency of the electrical activity was not statistically different between the two types of operation. After HSV the triphasic waveshape of the antral myoelectrical activity was retained; it was recorded more frequently in the delayed tests (98.0 plus or minus 1-7%) of the recording period than in immediate tests (74-7 plus or minus 6-5%) whereas mean amplitude in the immediate tests (1-59 plus or minus 0-13 mV) was not significantly changed in the delayed tests (1-49 plus or minus 0-08mV). After TV + P the waveform was more sinusoidal in shape, being recorded more often in the delayed tests (91-7 plus or minus 2-7%) than in the immediate tests (41-4 plus or minus 8-9%) although the mean amplitude between the immediate (0-090 plus or minus 0-06 mV) and delayed tests (0-94 plus or minus 0-07 mV) was not significantly different. The only significant change in the myoelectrical activity with the passage of time after vagotomy was an increase in the percentage activity. PMID- 1123172 TI - An assessment of the reproducibility and safety of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as a gastric acid stimulant in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - In studying the effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on the vagus nerve in preoperative patients with duodenal ulcer we have concluded that (1) in initiating gastric acid secretion 2-DG produces a response that is reproducible after 30 days; (2) 2-DG when given in a dose of 40 mg/kg intravenously produces a glucopenic state that appears safe in an otherwise healthy patient. We consider that 2-DG is a worthwhile agent in the investigation of the duodenal ulcer patient. PMID- 1123173 TI - The effect of histamine H2-receptor blockade with metiamide on serum gastrin levels in man. AB - Metiamide, an histamine H2-receptor antagonist which inhibits gastric acid secretion, does not lower basal serum gastrin concentration in man. Serum gastrin responses after stimulation by food were marginally higher when the stimulus of food was preceded by metiamide. PMID- 1123174 TI - Changes in the bidirectional sodium flux across the intestinal mucosa in Crohn's disease. AB - Bidirectional sodium flux across the intestinal mucosa was measured in a group of 10 patients with Crohn's disease treated in the past by panproctocolectomy with ileostomy and compared with a similarly treated group of 11 patients with ulcerative colitis. All of them were in good health at the time of the study and a recent radiological examination of the small intestine was normal. A significant reduction in bidirectional sodium flux was found in those patients with Crohn's disease and suggests that the intestinal mucosa is involved to a greater extent than can be judged by radiological appearances alone. This adds weight to the concept that Crohn's diseases is a diffuse rather than a focal lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1123175 TI - A study of the cellular infiltrate of the proximal jejunal mucosa in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. AB - The cellular infiltrate of the proximal jejunum has been compared between 20 subjects without gastrointestinal disease, 20 subjects with ulcerative colitis, and 26 subjects with Crohn's disease. A significant increase (P smaller than 0.001) in the plasma cell infiltrate was noted in subjects with ulcerative colitis and a more marked increase in subjects with Crohn's disease (P smaller than 0.001). Such increases may be relevant to raised serum IgA levels following panproctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis or recurrence in the small intestine in Crohn's disease. PMID- 1123176 TI - Influence of azathioprine on hepatic reserve in chronic active liver disease. AB - The kinetics of hepatic indocyanine green (ICG) uptake have been analysed in 14 patients with chronic active liver disease. The removal of incremental, submaximal ICG doses were compatible with Michaelis-Menten kinetics in approximately 80% of studies in patients allowing the calculation of the maximal rate of removal (Rmax) and the Michaelis constant (Km). Neither of these variables correlated with other laboratory indices of liver function. Although determinations of Rmax before and after a two-weeks trial of azathioprine therapy were not significantly different, in two patients Rmax was markedly reduced by treatment. It is concluded that azathioprine over the short term does not improve the liver's reserve for ICG removal; in fact, in isolated cases this drug may be detrimental. PMID- 1123177 TI - Liver ultrastructure in Gilbert's syndrome. AB - Electron microscopy of hepatic tissue obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy from nine patients with Gilbert's syndrome has revealed in every case gross hypertrophy of hepatocyte agranular endoplasmic reticulum but no other important abnormality. While this may have relevance to impairment of microsomal enzyme activity controlling bilirubin conjugation within liver cells, the serum bilirubin levels in all nine patients were below that normally associated with demonstrable UDP-glucuronyl transferase deficiency. Gross hypertrophy of agranular endoplasmic reticulum may be, therefore, a constant feature of this form of Gilbert's syndrome and may have some diagnostic value in the investigation of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. PMID- 1123178 TI - Lipodystrophy, pancreatitis, and eosinophilia. AB - Two patients suffering from partial lipodystrophy, pancreatitis, and recurrent eosinophilia are described. In one patient the duodenum and the terminal ileum were narrowed, the appearances suggesting eosinophilic gastroenteritis: bilateral hydronephrosis was also present without ureteric obstruction. An association between lipodystrophy and renal disease is recognized; it is possible that there is also an association between lipodystrophy and pancreatitis, and eosinophilia with or without an intestinal lesion may be a further association. PMID- 1123180 TI - [Congenital rubella following the 1972 rubella epidemic in Israel]. PMID- 1123179 TI - Gastric emptying tests in man. PMID- 1123181 TI - [Cystinosis in Israel]. PMID- 1123182 TI - [Dermatitis herpetiformis in childhood]. PMID- 1123183 TI - [Ameloblastoma of the maxilla]. PMID- 1123184 TI - [The role of hemispheric dominance in emotional and learning disorders in children]. PMID- 1123185 TI - [Editorial: Treatment of congenital hip luxation]. PMID- 1123186 TI - [Editorial: Sickle cell disease]. PMID- 1123187 TI - [Editorial: Surgical treatment of prolapse of the rectum]. PMID- 1123189 TI - [Editorial: Food borne disease]. PMID- 1123188 TI - [Editorial: Closed versus open heart massage]. PMID- 1123190 TI - [Primum non nocere]. PMID- 1123191 TI - [Virus-like particles in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis and Sjogren's disease]. PMID- 1123192 TI - [The value of computerized echoencephalography]. PMID- 1123193 TI - [Bile reflux gastritis following surgery for peptic ulcer]. PMID- 1123194 TI - [Lymphedema of the upper limb as the presenting symptom of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 1123195 TI - [Treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma]. PMID- 1123196 TI - [Induction of middle trimester abortion by intra-amniotic instillation of hypertonic solution]. PMID- 1123197 TI - [Chiari pelvic osteotomy for subluxation or dislocation of the hip in teenagers]. PMID- 1123198 TI - Short-term toxicity of yellow 2G in pigs. PMID- 1123199 TI - Short-term toxicity of dimethyl sulphide in the rat. PMID- 1123200 TI - Studies on the metabolic fate of 32P-labelled Emulsifier YN in the mouse, guinea pig and ferret. PMID- 1123201 TI - Long-term toxicity of sorbic acid in the rat. PMID- 1123202 TI - Effect of paraquat on the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and protein in the rat. PMID- 1123203 TI - Mutagenicity studies with delta-aminolaevulinic acid. PMID- 1123204 TI - Effects of hexachlorophene on developing rats: toxicity, tissue concentrations and biochemistry. PMID- 1123205 TI - Monosodium glutamate studies in four species of neonatal and infant animals. PMID- 1123206 TI - Ipomeamarone, a toxic furanoterpenoid in sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas) in the United Kingdom. PMID- 1123207 TI - Monographs on fragrance raw materials. PMID- 1123208 TI - Closing an institution: its effect on patients and on staff. PMID- 1123209 TI - Brief hospitalization: one effective approach in the treatment continuum. PMID- 1123210 TI - Issues in achieving effective professional alliances. PMID- 1123211 TI - Stereotyping and role conflicts between medical students and psychiatric nurses. AB - Role stereotyping can cause conflicts between medical students and nurses on a psychiatric ward when students, expecting traditionally subservient hand-maidens, find instead independent, capable nurses with their own views about patient care. The authors describe a study of interactions between nurses, medical students, and psychiatric residents on two psychiatric wards when medical students became primary therapists under residents' supervision, and they discuss how the conflicts were minimized. PMID- 1123212 TI - I. A community psychologist in the Hartford ghetto: 1968. PMID- 1123213 TI - II. The Hartford ghetto, 1973: pitfalls and problems of community psychology. PMID- 1123214 TI - The Tuesday Evening Club: using community resources to treat chronically iii patients. AB - In cooperation with a rehabilitation agency, the adult outpatient department of a community mental health center has developed a group treatment program for chronically ill patients in the community. Conducted in the framework of an activity program, the Tuesday Evening Club is based on a structured network of concrete community experiences. The techniques used include promoting socialization, encouraging members to verbalize their feelings, helping them learn from negative interactions, and, for some, structured group psychotherapy. Patients who achieve certain successes graduate to a separate therapeutic program established at the YMCA. PMID- 1123215 TI - Attitudes of mental health center staff toward community organization. AB - The authors report on the differences in attitudes and perceptions that clinical and community organization staff have about the role of community organizers in a mental health center and about the center's priorities. Community organizers defined their role as one enabling the community to act on social-welfare problems, while clinical staff defined it as a liaison role connecting community residents and clinical services. Community organizers placed less value on traditional services, and felt greater dissatisfaction with center priorities. PMID- 1123216 TI - Letter: The rights of mental patients: a civil libertarian replies. PMID- 1123217 TI - The meaning of the New York strike. PMID- 1123218 TI - Special features for a special radiological procedures suite. PMID- 1123219 TI - UR regulations to be in operation July 1. PMID- 1123221 TI - Centralized supply, processing, and distribution. PMID- 1123220 TI - Malpractice coverage: the long and the short of it. PMID- 1123223 TI - One step toward quality assurance. PMID- 1123222 TI - Students learn about the health care system. PMID- 1123224 TI - Ambulatory care: guidelines for design of facilities. PMID- 1123225 TI - Positive identification in the emergency department. PMID- 1123226 TI - Four-day workweek implemented. PMID- 1123227 TI - Review of legal challenges to Catholic Hospitals. PMID- 1123228 TI - An analysis of the Edelin case. PMID- 1123229 TI - Patients evaluate pastoral care. PMID- 1123230 TI - Guidelines for using interpreters. PMID- 1123231 TI - A critique of the HEW "White Paper" on health care economics. PMID- 1123232 TI - Provisions of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act. PMID- 1123233 TI - Catholic hospitals and unions: no simple solutions. PMID- 1123234 TI - The right to privacy: what next? PMID- 1123235 TI - One point of agreement about NHI. PMID- 1123236 TI - The use and abuse of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 1123237 TI - Current tax policy affecting private hospitals. PMID- 1123239 TI - Biomedical engineering in health care--potential versus reality. PMID- 1123238 TI - Current issues in biomedical engineering education. PMID- 1123240 TI - A survey analysis of biomedical engineering education. PMID- 1123241 TI - A collaborative approach to bioengineering education. PMID- 1123242 TI - Experience with a training program in technology in health care. PMID- 1123243 TI - Organization and function of a hospital biomedical engineering internship program. PMID- 1123244 TI - A clinically oriented bioengineering program for undergraduates. PMID- 1123245 TI - Biomedical engineering program to upgrade biomedical equipment technicians. PMID- 1123246 TI - Biomedical engineering education for employment by industry. PMID- 1123247 TI - Biomedical engineering education: how to do what, with which, and to whom. PMID- 1123248 TI - The biomedical engineer and the health care system. PMID- 1123249 TI - Independent movement of surface immunoglobulin from Fc receptors on lymphocyte membranes. AB - The majority of surface immunoglobulin-positive lymph node cells possess Fc receptors detectable by a rosette technique. The movement of surface immunoglobulin to form caps does not alter the distribution of Fc receptors, although Fc rosette-forming indicator cells collect over the immunoglobulin cap under capping conditions. PMID- 1123250 TI - Suppression of tuberculin skin reactivity by prior tuberculin skin testing. AB - In two consecutive studies, eighteen and forty-one normal subjects were given a standard tuberculin skin test of 1 tuberculin unit (0.02 mug of PPD). Two days later another skin test was given. Readings of the skin reactions showed that subjects exhibiting strongly positive skin reactions in their primary skin tests showed a significantly smaller indurations in their primary skin tests tended to have equal or larger areas of induration after the secondary skin tests. These observations are discussed in relation to the possible existence of regulatory mechanisms of cell-mediated immune reactions. PMID- 1123251 TI - Induction of immunity to feline caliciviral disease. AB - Six specific-pathogen-free cats were exposed by aerosol to a feline calicivirus of low virulence (F-9 virus). Homotypic (anti-F-9) seroconversion occurred in all cats by postexposure day 14. The serum of one cat on postexposure day 14 and four of six cats on postexposure day 35 neutralized feline picornavirus isolate no. 225 (FPV-255), a virulent feline calicivirus. Homologous antiviral activity was detected before the appearance of heterologous (anti-FPV-255) activity and always was present in higher titer. Protective immunity was evaluated on postexposure day 35 by aerosol challenge with FPV-255. The pyrexia, depression, dyspnea, oral ulcers, and severe pneumonia produced in two susceptible specific-pathogen-free cats by exposure to FPV-255 did not occur in the cats that had been infected previously with F-9 vir. The study demonstrates that heterotypic protective immunity to feline calicivirus disease can be induced by prior infection with feline calicivirus of low virulence. PMID- 1123252 TI - Immunodepression by Rowson-Parr virus in mice: effect of Rowson-Parr virus and Friend leukemia complex infections on contact sensitivity in susceptible and resistant mice. AB - Contact sensitivity to 2-phenyl-4-ethoxymethilene oxazolone, as a probe for cell mediated immunity, was investigated in susceptible BALB/c and resistant C57BL/6 mice after infection with Friend leukemia complex (FLC) or with Rowson-Parr virus (RPV). In BALB/c mice, FLC depressed contact sensitivity when given before primary sensitization but had no effect on established contact sensitivity nor on the response elicited by a booster application of the sensitizer. These findings, together with the failure to alter reactivity to an aspecific inflammatory stimulus, indicate that FLC impairs the afferent limb of the response. In the same strain of mice RPV infection did not significantly depress contact sensitivity, as judged by the extent of the reaction 24 h after challenge, but slightly inhibited the early antibody-mediated phase of this reaction. In C57BL/6 mice neither viral preparation affected contact sensitivity. PMID- 1123253 TI - Growth and immunogenicity of photochromogenic strains of mycobacteria in the footpads of normal mice. AB - Specific pathogen-free CD-1 mice were infected subcutaneously in the footpad with mycobacterium kansasii, three strains of M. marinum, and two strains of M. simiae habana, and the growth of the organisms in the footpad, the draining popliteal lymph node, and the lung and spleen was followed quantitatively for up to 60 days. The ability of a footpad inoculum of M. marinum to spread to the lungs and spleen correlated with the ability of the organism to survive and multiple at 37 C in vitro cultures. The amount of footpad swelling which developed in the M. kansasii- and M. marinum-infected mice varied depending upon the strain of organism and the size of the original footpad inoculum. Injection of dead M. marinum into the footpad also induced an extensive amount of swelling which varied with the strain used, as well as being dose dependent. M. marinum- and BCG vaccinated mice were protected against a later footpad challenge with M. marinum or the highly mouse virulent M. tuberculosis strain ERDMAN. The significance of this finding is discussed in relation to cross-protection studies using a variety of mycobacteria in the footpad infection model. PMID- 1123254 TI - Chronic proliferative arthritis of mice induced by Mycoplasma arthritidis: demonstration of a cell-mediated immune response to mycoplasma antigens in vitro. AB - Lymphocytes taken from mice chronically infected with Mycoplasma arthritidis exhibited a significant blastogenic response as measured by (3H)thymidine uptake when exposed in vitro to M. arthritidis antigens. The lymphocytes taken from 9 of 12 control mice of similar age exhibited an inhibition of (3H)thymidine uptake when exposed to M. arthritidis antigens. PMID- 1123255 TI - Paramyxovirus-avian cell relationship: discrepant impact of 6-azauridine on virus production by susceptible and less susceptible cells. AB - The replication of mumps virus in susceptible chicken embryonic heart cells was escalated by daily treatment of cultures with 6-azauridine (6-AU). On the other hand, virus production by less susceptible liver cells was depressed by 6-AU. The population of infected susceptible cells was not increased, but the release of virus by infected susceptible cells was enhanced 20-fold by 10 mug of 6-AU per ml. Less susceptible cells, which incorporated less ribonucleic acid and protein precursor than susceptible cells, sustained a constant level of viral release during 6-AU treatment; however, the number of infected less susceptible cells underwent substantial decline. PMID- 1123257 TI - Food additives in clinical medicine. PMID- 1123256 TI - Characterization of group N streptococcus lipoteichoic acid. AB - Lipoteichoic acid was extracted from the group N organism Streptococcus lactis ATCC 9936 with hot aqueous phenol and purified by gel chromatography followed by affinity chromatography using Ricinus communis lectin as the specific absorbent. The teichoic acid moiety of the lipoteichoic acid was calculated to contain 16 to 17 glycerol phosphate units, approximately half of which were substituted with alpha-D-galactosyl residues; the glycolipid moiety contained O-alpha-D-glucosyl-1 yields 2-O-alpha-D-glucosyl-1 yields 1-glycerol. The finding of 2-O-alpha-D galactosyl glycerol in the lipid fraction of hydrofluoric acid hydrolysates suggests that fatty acids also occur as substituents on the main chain of the lipoteichoic acid. The reactivity of the lipoteichoic acid with R. communis lectin was studied by the quantitative precipitin method and compared with the reactivity of Lactobacillus fermenti lipoteichoic acid, which has a lower degree of alpha-D-galactosyl substitution. Group N antiserum reacted strongly with the S. lactis lipoteichoic acid and cross-reacted with L. fermenti lipoteichoic acid. From inhibition studies it is concluded that the antibodies are specific for alpha-D-galactosyl substituents. In addition to lipoteichoic acid, a fraction was obtained by gel chromatography which contained galactose and reacted with group N antiserum but could be distinguished from the lipoteichoic acid by immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 1123258 TI - Diffuse dermographic mastocytosis without visible skin lesions. AB - The case is presented of a 3-year-old girl with urticaria and pressure dermographism. The condition began the age of one year. A skin biopsy confirmed the suspected diagnosis of diffuse mastocytosis. The identification of the form of mastocytosis without skin lesions and with dermographism and pressure urticaria as its only signs is important. It should be considered in any chronic urticaria appearing at birth or in an early age which is unresponsive to the usual symptomatic medication. PMID- 1123259 TI - Microbial flora of nurses' hands. III. The relationship between staphylococcal skin populations and persistence of carriage. AB - The hands of 50 nurses and 50 controls were tested for coagulase-positive staphylococcus. Twenty-eight percent of both groups were carriers. The mean staphylococcal count on the palm of the hand was 13.7 per 16 cm-2 in nurses as compared to 442.7 per 16 cm-2 in the control group. The number of persistent carriers was the same for each group, but 25 percent of all cultures from nurses were positive for Staphylococcus aureus as compared to 14.2 percent of the cultures from the control group. It was concluded that there was no direct correlation between high staphylococcal counts and persistence of carriage. The skin as a site of carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was found to be of greater importance in nurses than in control subjects. PMID- 1123260 TI - Vaccinations in the presence of skin diseases. AB - The authors collected data from the literature and from experts on the subject of vaccination of patients with dermatologic disorders. They assembled these data into categories of specific skin conditions and vaccinations. These data may be used in deciding whether or not to vaccinate, and at which stage of the dermatologic condition. PMID- 1123262 TI - Self-assessment mini-program. PMID- 1123261 TI - In vitro sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine of strains isolated from patients under treatment for chromomycosis. AB - In vitro 5-fluorocytosine sensitivity tests of strains were isolated from chromomycosis patients undergoing therapy. Tests were rountinely performed for 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mug/ml 5-fluorocytosine concentrations. In two cases resistance could be demonstrated up to 60.0 and 100.0 mug/ml. Fungistatic activity of 5-fluorocytosine against the agents of chromomycosis was confirmed. Sensitivity tests are useful to detect resistance which may occur during treatment. They are also helpful for guiding the clinician in the establishment of new therapeutic schedules. PMID- 1123263 TI - Local anesthesia for minor dermatologic surgical procedures. PMID- 1123264 TI - The E-G junction. Two Sphincters. AB - I studied the esophagogastric junction in fresh and preserved cadaveric specimens in the infant, adolescent and adult as well as by reverse gastroesophagoscopy, both intraoperatively and postoperatively, on unanesthetized patients. Cut sections of fresh specimens of the lower esophagus consistently showed an increased thickness of the lower 2-3 cm of the inner circular muscle layer of the esophagus. The layers are more firmly fused at this level and a color change is evident. From the serosal surface, a slight whitish indenture marks this area. From the mucosal surface, this area is the level of the transition zone. This is the lower esophageal sphincter. Reverse gastroscopy performed via a mature gastrostomy enabled me to identify and photograph a diaphragmatic sphincter and a lower esophageal sphincter. PMID- 1123265 TI - Removal of intrahepatic bile duct stones. AB - To keep this study homogeneous, we have limited ourselves to intrahepatic lithiases of the bile ducts above the hilus, usually linked with extrahepatic lithiases. While operating, all technical resources must be utilized in order to remove as many stones as possible. To gain access to the hepatic duct, it is sometimes necessary to excise the hilar plane; scissurotomy is the most efficient way to free the intrahepatic ducts when they are full of stones. In rare cases of localized lithiases, one may perform hepatic resection. We have perfected a technic using a special malleable catheter, guided by television, combined with suction of the stones for intrahepatic blocked stones. Forty-four interventions are presented. We have grouped them according to whether they involved an accumulation of stones from the extrahepatic ducts or stones blocked in a bile duct. There were three cases of dispersed intrahepatic lithiasis and one peripheral localization. Following extraction of the stones, we ended the intervention by 19 Kehr drainages, seven choledochotomies, five sphincterotomies, 11 biliodigestive anastomoses, one hepatectomy and one hepatotomy. We deliberately left some stones undisturbed in seven cases: the results even after some years remain satisfactory except for one case of dispersed lithiasis. PMID- 1123266 TI - The knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis. V. The role of arthrodesis. PMID- 1123267 TI - Treatment of dumping syndrome by interposition of an antiperistaltic segment of small intestine. PMID- 1123268 TI - Clinical study of Volkmann's ischemic contracture of the upper limb. AB - A clinical study of Volkmann's ischemic contracture of the forearm has been presented. The total incidence was 0.105 percent of all orthopedic cases. Mostly it occurred in males (77.5 percent), mostly in the second or third decade of life. Most patients lived in rural areas, reflecting prevailing socioeconomic conditions. PMID- 1123270 TI - Editorial: Affiliation with WHO. PMID- 1123269 TI - Cutaneous metastases from carcinoma of the urinary bladder. PMID- 1123271 TI - Arteriovenous intestinal communications in shock. Experimental study using tagged microspheres. AB - Microspheres 25 plus or minus 5 microns in diameter labeled with Ce141 and Sr85 were used to study the influence of oligemic shock on any arteriovenous anastomoses of the small intestine mucosa of dogs and rabbits. We found no open AVA's larger than 20 microns in diameter either before or during oligemic shock. PMID- 1123272 TI - Constrictive pericarditis and its surgical management. AB - The surgical management of 66 cases of constrictive pericarditis has been presented. Tuberculosis was the most common etiologic factor in this series. The importance of optimal myocardial function has been emphasized. Pericardiectomy was limited to release of the ventricles in order to correct the hemodynamic anomaly. The vast majority of patients claimed to have benefited from surgery. PMID- 1123273 TI - Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Technic and experience with 22 cases in children. AB - Lateral sphincterotomy is probably the operation of choice for most cases of intractable anal fissure in children. The lower half of the sphincter is divided in the left or right lateral position through a small external incision at the anal verge. An incision in the anal canal itself is avoided, postoperative pain is minimal and the risk of secondary hemorrhage is eliminated. The operation can be done as an outpatient procedure. Only one patient developed minor anal incontinence. PMID- 1123274 TI - Severe oculo-orbital injuries. PMID- 1123275 TI - External osteosynthesis of distal fractures of the phalanges by reposition fixation of the fingernail. AB - Fractures of the distal phalanges of the fingers rarely justify immediate amputation. Integral repair is necessary if severe sequellae are to be avoided. Management always requires surgery and we advocate external osteosynthesis by reposition-fixation of the fingernail. The principles and the technic for its use are outlined. For me, this method is the only guarantee for a quick, stable, economical and satisfactory cure of this common hand injury. PMID- 1123276 TI - Emergency vagotomy with a drainage procedure for perforated gastric and duodenal ulcer. Study of 73 cases. AB - Sixty-nine cases of duodenal ulcer perforation and four cases of stomach ulcer perforation are described. One half of the patients underwent vagotomy plus a drainage procedure and the other half had suture of the perforated ulcer. No death occurred in the first group, and hospitalization time was less than was less than that of the second group. Five deaths occurred in the second group. PMID- 1123277 TI - Primary rhabdomyoma of the lung. PMID- 1123278 TI - Epidermoid cyst of the testicle. PMID- 1123279 TI - Spontaneous retroperitoneal perforation of the gallbladder. PMID- 1123280 TI - Intestinal leiomyosarcoma simulating malignant ovarian neoplasm. PMID- 1123281 TI - Grape-like leiomyomas of the uterus. PMID- 1123282 TI - Marihuana and the eye. PMID- 1123283 TI - Modification by imidazoles of ocular inflammatory and pressure responses. AB - Imidazole, given intraperitoneally to rabbits, inhibited the prostaglandin E1 induced (PGE1) elevation of intraocular pressure. The maximum imidaz-le effect occurred at three to six hours after intraperitoneal infection. The prostaglandin E1-induced aqueous humor protein elevation was reduced markedly in the imidazole pretreated rabbits. Intravenous administration of imidazole also was effective in reducing the intraocular pressure elevation produced by prostaglandin E1. Imidazole pretreatment by subconjunctival, subdermal, or topical routes had no such effect. Imidazole derivatives, 1-methylimidazole and 2-methylimidazole, given intraperitoneally, blocked the effect of PGE1 on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor protein. Imidazole pretreatment also inhibited the elevation of intraocular pressure produced by topical nitrogen mustard, 1 per cent. PMID- 1123284 TI - The effect of intraocular pressure on conventional outflow resistance in the enucleated human eye. AB - A technique for measuring resistance to outflow in enucleated eyes is described. The technique minimizes the artifactual effects of ocular stretching and anterior chamber deepening. Using this perfusion technique, it was found that the resistance to outflow in normal, enucleated human eyes increases directly and linearly with intraocular pressure. This phenomenon, termed the outflow obstruction effect, was defined as the fractional increase in baseline outflow resistance (outflow resistance at an outflow pressure of zero) per millimeter of Hg intraocular pressure rise above baseline and was designated by the letter Q. The value of Q was found to be 0.012 mm. Hg-1 plus or minus 0.0014 indicating that the outflow resistance rise above its baseline value approximately 1 per cent per millimeter of Hg rise in intraocular pressure. Estimates of Q, calculated from data published by other investigators over the past two decades, are also included. PMID- 1123285 TI - Conjunctival goblet cell density in normal subjects and in dry eye syndromes. AB - Serial sections prepared from biopsies of the deep tarsal portion of the inferior nasal conjunctival fornix in normal subjects and in patients with various dry eye syndromes were analyzed with respect to the goblet cell densities. When compared to normal subjects, individuals with keratitis sicca, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular pemphigoid, and acute alkali burn all demonstrated progressively lower goblet cell densities per millimeter of epithelial surface. These disease entities can, therefore, be considered goblet cell-deficient syndromes. PMID- 1123286 TI - Subsensitivity to pilocarpine in primate ciliary muscle following topical anticholinesterase treatment. AB - Accommodative responses to intramuscular pilocarpine were determined in four surgically aniridic vervet monkeys, before and after eight weeks of daily unilateral topical treatment with echothiophate iodide. The echothiophate treated eyes maintained maximum myopia during the treatment course. However, after echotiophate treatment was stopped and the refraction had returned to baseline, a subsensitivity of the accommodative mechanism to pilocarpine became apparent. Normal sensitivity to pilocarpine did not return until four to five months after echothiophate treatment had been stopped. PMID- 1123287 TI - Lysosomes and melanin granules of the retinal pigment epithelium in a mouse model of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. AB - The origin of giant granules in the retinal pigment epithelium of the beige mouse was investigated with electron microscopy and ultrastructural histochemistry. These granules were found to contain melanin and acid phosphatase. Apparently they arise from fusions of primary lysosomes with melanin granules which are already enlarged from multiple fusions among melanosomes. Therefore, the giant granules are not primary lysosomes, nor are they simply enlarged melanin granules as suspected from light microscopic studies. A deficiency of primary lysosomes in the pigment epithelium results, suggesting a defect in intracellular digestion similar to that found in the leukocytes of Chediak-Higashi patients and several animal models. Affected humans probably have defective digestion in their retinal pigment epithelium also; which could impair the renewal process for rod outer segments. Thus, Chediak-Higashi patients may show an increased susceptibility to light damage due not only to hypopigmentation, but to defective intracellular digestion, as well. PMID- 1123288 TI - Closely spaced saccades. AB - The relationships between saccadic velocity, duration, and magnitude have been used to prove the normalcy of saccades with intersaccadic intervals of less than 200 ms. Pairs of normal saccades with small intersaccadic intervals will have the second saccade larger or smaller and going in the same or the opposite direction than the first saccade. These normal saccades may be horizontal, vertical, or oblique. PMID- 1123289 TI - Total retinal degeneration in apparent anophthalmos of the Syrian hamster. AB - Anophthalmia in the Syrian hamster was found to result from an extensive degeneration of retinal tissue and tissues derived from the retina. Eyes of affected animals were normal at the twelfth day of gestation (the average gestation period in the Syrian hamster is 16 days). However, the retina of these eyes showed rapid and extensive degeneration during the first two weeks after birth. In adults, the sclera-choroid complex was the only prominent structure of the original eye, with an occasional remnant of deteriorated lens. PMID- 1123290 TI - Ocular effects of diacetyl morphine and lysergic acid diethylamide in rabbit. AB - Intravenous lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) given to rabbits in doses from 1 to 100 mug per kilogram of body weight produced a dose-related increase in intraocular pressure and outflow facility. Minor changes in systemic blood pressure were observed, but respiration rate was accelerated, and mydriasis became pronounced at higher doses. Diacetyl morphine (heroin) was given intravenously in doses from 0.1 to 2 mg. per kilogram of body weight. A dose related decrease in intraocular pressure and an increase in outflow facility was found. A dose-related miosis was observed and at higher doses respiration became markedly depressed. Neither drug alters the permeability of the isolated ciliary epithelium. Both drugs appear to increase capillary blood pressure and, hence, aqueous humor inflow to cause the intraocular pressure to be maintained at approximately normal levels in face of increases in outflow facility of 50 per cent. PMID- 1123291 TI - An objective focusing method for fundus photography. AB - A method is described which enables the fundus camera to be focused objectively. This method eliminates the focus errors arising from the subjective focusing method currently used and permits the consistent attainment of high resolution fundus photographs. The objective focusing method has been evaluated on test targets and anesthetized animals and is applicable for use on unanesthetized human subjects. PMID- 1123292 TI - The moral claims of the wanted fetus. PMID- 1123293 TI - The physician's 'duty' to preserve life. PMID- 1123294 TI - The theory and experience of experience. PMID- 1123295 TI - Choosing a therapy when doctors disagree. PMID- 1123296 TI - The living contemplate the dead. Looking at the body. PMID- 1123297 TI - Medicine and the naturalness of death. The counsels of finitude. PMID- 1123298 TI - An interview with Dr. Raymond S. Duff. Which infants should live? Who should decide? PMID- 1123299 TI - Genetics Research Group Conference. Fetal experimentation: trying to sort out the issues. PMID- 1123300 TI - Giant cell myocarditis. PMID- 1123301 TI - Useful therapeutic approaches to the patient with "problem headache". PMID- 1123302 TI - Flash evoked potentials in migraine. PMID- 1123303 TI - The effects of clonidine in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. PMID- 1123304 TI - Headache in a non-clinic twin population. PMID- 1123305 TI - Some observations on pain in cluster headache. PMID- 1123306 TI - Electronmicroscopy of blood platelets in migraine and cluster headache. PMID- 1123307 TI - The magic cure: a psychoanalytic perspective. PMID- 1123308 TI - Duration of the scintillating scotoma. PMID- 1123309 TI - Letter: Out of state applicants. PMID- 1123310 TI - Letter: The veterinarian: mercenary, St. Francis or humanist? PMID- 1123312 TI - Data, dilemma, decision: the biometric approach. PMID- 1123311 TI - Radiographic signs of bone infection in small animals. PMID- 1123313 TI - What is your diagnosis? PMID- 1123314 TI - Where have all the rituals gone? Observations on the transforming function of rituals and the proliferation of psychotherapies. PMID- 1123315 TI - The use of fantasy enactment in the treatment of an emerging autistic child. PMID- 1123316 TI - Pathways for the degradation of m-cresol and p-cresol by Pseudomonas putida. AB - A comparison of the oxidation rates of various compounds by whole cells of Pseudomonas putida 3, 5 indicated that m-cresol is metabolized by oxidation to 3 hydroxybenzoate followed by hydroxylation to gentisate, the ring-fission substrate, when grown with 3, 5-xylenol. However, when m-cresol was the growth substrate, similar experiments suggested a different pathway involving a methyl substituted catechol, and ring-fission by meta cleavage. Assays of ring-fission enzymes in cell-free extracts confirmed that different pathways are induced by the two growth substrates. 3, 5-Xylenol-grown cells contained high levels of gentisate oxygenase and only very small amounts of catechol oxygenase, whereas gentisate ocygenase could not be detected in m-cresol-grown cells, but levels of catechol oxygenase were greatly increased. Extracts of m-cresol-grown cells also contained 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and hydrolase, whose specificities enable them to metabolize the ring-fission products from catechol, 3-methylcatechol, and 4-methylcatechol. This catechol pathway is also used by m cresol-grown cells for p-cresol metabolism. In contrast, the results for cells grown with p-cresol point to an alternative pathway involving oxidation to 4 hydroxybenzoate and hydrosylation to protocatechuate as ring-fission substrate. Extracts of these cells contained high levels of protocatechuate oxygenase and only small amounts of catechol oxygenase. PMID- 1123317 TI - Regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacilli. AB - The facultative anaerobes Bacillus polymyxa Hino G, B. polymyxa Hino J, and B.macerans were observed to have imcomplete tricarboxylic acid cycles. They were devoid of malate dehydrogenase and all had very low levels of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. B. polymyxa Hino J was devoid of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase when grown aerobically and anerobically. Citrate synthase from B. polymyxa was inhibited by adenosine triphosphate but not reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and resembled enzymes from other gram-positive bacteria in this respect. Like the citrate synthases from gram-negative, facultative anaerobes and chemolithotrophs, the enzyme from B. polymyxa was inhibited by alpha ketoglutarate. Inhibition by adenosine triphosphate was shown to be competitive with acetyl-coenzyme A and alpha-ketoglutarate inhibition was competitive with oxaloacetate. PMID- 1123318 TI - Sexal reproductive cycle of Monascus in submerged shaken culture. AB - A strain of Monascus was grown in submerged, shaken culture using a glucose-salts mediumn. The formation of ascospores was studied by microscopic examination of samples taken at regular intervals for 6 days. All the stages of sexual reproduction previously described for Monascus were observed. The unusual feature of the strain studied was that it produced sexual structures and cliestothecia of greatly varying sizes. PMID- 1123319 TI - Presence of cytochrome and menaquinone in Clostridium formicoaceticum and Clostridium thermoaceticum. AB - Cytochrome b and menaquinone have been demonstrated in the homoacetate-fermenting Clostridium formicoaceticum and Clostridium thermoaceticum. PMID- 1123320 TI - Purification of a protein kinase and two phosphate acceptor proteins from vaccinia virions. AB - A novel protein kinase that requires protamine as an activator to catalyze the phosphorylation of viral acceptor proteins was extracted from vaccinia virus cores with deoxycholate and purified 250-fold by DNA-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 62,000 as determined by sucrose gradient sedimentation. Two heat-stable phosphate acceptor proteins were extracted from virus particles with a nonionic detergent and purified by heat treatment, precipitation with organic solvents, and CM-cellulose chromatography. The molecular weights of the phosphate acceptor proteins, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, are 38,500 and 11,700. PMID- 1123321 TI - Studies on the common active site of growth hormone. Revision of the amino acid sequence of an active fragment of bovine growth hormone. AB - A fragment, A-II, isolated from a component of a tryptic digest of bovine growth hormone has growth-promoting activity in rats and metabolic activity in humans similar to human growth hormone. The amino acid sequence of this peptide has been reinvestigated and revised. The 38-amino acid peptide was cleaved with cyanogen bromide, chymotrypsin, and trypsin. The amino acid sequences were then established by Edman degradation as well as with overlapping peptides; Homology in the sequence was good between this bovine growth hormone fragment and peptides occurring in ovine growth hormone, human growth hormone, and human chorionic somatomammotropin. PMID- 1123322 TI - Biological, biochemical, and physicochemical evidence for the existence of the polyadenylic-polyuridylic-polyinosinic acid triplex. AB - When primary rabbit kidney cell cultures are treated with either polyadenylic acid-polyuridylic acid or polyadenylic acid-polyribothymidylic acid (poly(rT)) and then judiciously exposed to actinomycin D and cycloheximide, high titers of interferon are found in the extracellular medium ("superinduction") (Vilcek, J. (1970) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 173, 390-403; Tan, Y. H., Armstrong, J. A., Ke, Y. H., and Ho, M. (1970) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 67, 464-471). If polyinosinic acid is added 1 hour prior to, simultaneously with, or 1 hour after the active interferon inducers, dramatic reductions in interferon production from the "superinduced" cells result. Based on experiments involving sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, pancreatic ribonuclease A resistance, ultraviolet mixing curves, and ultraviolet absorbance-temperature profiles, the explanation for this phenomenon was determined to be the formation of polynucleotide triplexes in the following way: poly(A)-poly(U) + poly(I) yields poly(A)-poly(U)-poly(I)poly(A) poly(rT) + poly(I) yields poly(A)-poly(rT)-poly(I). In addition, based on similar methodology, the following reactions involving these triplexes were demonstrated: poly(A)-2 poly(I) + poly(U) yields poly(A)-poly(U)-poly(I) + poly(I)poly(A)-2 poly(I) + poly(rT) yields poly(A)-poly(rT)-poly(I) + poly(I)POLY(A)-2 poly(I) + 2 poly(U) yields poly(A)-2 poly(U) + 2 poly(I) and POLY(A)-poly(U)-poly(I) + poly (U) yields poly(A)-2 poly(U) + poly(I). PMID- 1123323 TI - Isolation and characterization of sulfhydryl oxidase from bovine milk. AB - A method is described for purification of sulfhydryl oxidase from bovine milk which consistently yields preparations with greater than 3000-fold purification over skim milk. A concentration-dependent association-dissociation of the enzyme was adapted to the development of an isolation procedure. Purified preparations exhibited two zones, both of which displayed activity, upon polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, but only one zone following disc gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Its mobility indicated a subunit weight of 89,000. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron is an integral part of the enzyme. Treatment of the enzyme with EDTA resulted in complete loss of activity which could be subsequently restored by dialysis against 1 muM ferrous sulfate. Furthermore, atomic absorption analysis and neutron activation analysis of separate enzyme preparations each indicated 0.5 atom of iron per subunit. Chemical analyses of sulfhydryl oxidase accounted for 97% of the sample weight, of which 89% could be attributed to amino acid residues and 11% to carbohydrate residues. Five half-cystine residues per subunit were indicated by cysteic acid analysis and by sulfhydryl group determination following reaction with sodium borohydride. Comparison of this value to the total sulfhydryl groups without reduction tentatively suggests the presence of one disulfide bond. Sulfhydryl oxidase was found to catalyze the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in both small compounds and proteins, using O2 as oxidant and producing, in equimolar quantities, H2O2 and the corresponding disulfide. A Michaelis constant of 90 muM was obtained using reduced glutathione as substrate, under conditions of optimal pH and temperature, viz., pH 7.0 and 35 degrees. Substrate inhibition was apparent at GSH concentrations above 0.8 mM. In the presence of sulfhydryl oxidase, reductively denatured RNase was reoxidized and fully reactivated within 1 hour, whereas in the absence of the oxidase under otherwise identical conditions, full recovery of RNase activity required 24 hours. The presence of reducing agent was not required for this activity, nor was prior reduction of the sulfhydryl oxidase. Based on the observed activity, it appears that the enzyme could be involved in the biosynthesis of disulfide bonds in certain proteins. PMID- 1123324 TI - Interaction of immunoglobulin glycopeptides with concanavalin A. AB - A number of intact and partially degraded immunoglobulin glycopeptides have been tested for their ability to interact with concanavalin A. The degraded glycopeptides were prepared by using purified glycosidases to remove sugar residues from the nonreducing ends of the oligosaccharide chains of intact glycopeptides. A quantitative and sensitive assay was devised to measure the potency of the glycopeptides as haptene inhibitors of 125I-concanavalin A binding to guinea pig erythrocytes. The most potent haptene, derived from an immunoglobulin G glycopeptide, had a branched chain oligosaccharide with two GlcNAc (see article) Man (see article) nonreducing termini linked to a mannose residue in the core. The other very potent glycopeptide was an immunoglobulin E high mannose glycopeptide which contained 3 terminal alpha-mannose residues and 1 internal 2-O-mannose residue. Removal of terminal beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues or alpha-mannose residues reduced the activity of these and other glycopeptides as inhibitors of 125I-concanavalin A binding. It was concluded that the ability of these glycopeptides to interact with concanavalin A is dependent on their content of terminal beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues, terminal alpha mannose residues, and also internal mannose residues substituted on the C-2 hydroxyl group, and that the saccharide combining site of concanavalin A must be able to bind several sugar residues. PMID- 1123325 TI - Studies on the guinea pig pancreas. Parallel discharge of exocrine enzyme activities. AB - An in vitro system of guinea pig pancreatic lobules convenient for the study of secretory processes is described in this paper. In this system: (a) the over-all glandular architecture of the tissue is preserved: lobules remain morphologically intact through 5 hours; (b) amylase discharge from unstimulated lobules is low (similar to 4%/hour) and linear over the 5 hours tested; (c) response to carbamylcholine chloride (10-5 M) is energy-dependent, rapid, and extensive (92% discharge of amylase by 5 hours); (d) initial rates of discharge remain stable over the first 3 hours; and (e) no autoactivation of zymogens occurs in incubation medium or tissue. The activation of four zymogens, i.e. chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidases A and B, was studied using the following criteria for optimal activation: (a) maximal activation attainable under experimental conditions; (b) stability at the level of maximal activation; and (c) linear relationship between amounts of protein activated and enzyme activity elicited by activation. The concentration of activators (trypsin or enterokinase) and secretory protein, the presence or agents (bovine plasma albumin or Triton X-100) which minimize adsorptive losses of secretory protein on glass or plastic surfaces, and the temperature at which activation is carried out were found to be critical and different for each of the zymogens tested. The kinetics of the appearance of three enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, and ribonuclease) and four potential proteolytic activities (chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidases A and B) into the incubation medium was studied under different conditions; i.e. rest and stimulation with various secretogogues (carbamylcholine chloride, caerulein, and pancreozymin). All seven activities estimated to represent similar to 75% of the secretory protein output of the exocrine pancreas were discharged in synchrony and in constant proportions and were released from the tissue to the same extent under each experimental condition investigated. PMID- 1123326 TI - Studies on the pancreas of the guinea pig. Parallel processing and discharge of exocrine proteins. AB - The discharge and the intracellular transport of the exocrine proteins produced by the guinea pig pancreas have been investigated in the in vitro lobule system described by SCHEELE, G. A., AND PALADE, G. E. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 2660 2670. The inquiry was carried out on a protein-specific basis by using the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic procedures worked out by TARTAKOFF, A. M., GREENE, L. J., AND PALADE, G. E. (1974) J. Biol; Chem. 249, 7420-7431. The results show that the same protein mixture is discharged by the lobules regardless of whether stimulation is by carbamylcholine (which mimics the action of acetylcholine), caerulein (which mimics the action of pancreozymin), or by 75 mM KCl. When no stimulant is present, the small quantity of discharged protein (resting secretion) also has the same composition. Analysis of successive secretion aliquots collected over a period of 2 hours of continuous timulation by carbamylcholine showed that the composition of the secretory output remains quasi constant with time; therefore, the exocrine proteins appear to be discharged in parallel and in constant proportions, irrespective of stimulant and time under stimulation (for carbamylcholine). The analysis of a series of zymogen granule fractions prepared from lobules pulse-labeled with radioactive amino acids and chased for periods of 15 to 155 min shows that all major secretory proteins enter the condensing vacuoles of the Golgi complex and appear in zymogen granules in apparent synchrony. PMID- 1123327 TI - Induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in isolated rat liver cells by steroids. AB - The role of steroids in regulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase has been studied in isolated rat liver cell suspensions under conditions previously shown to support inducation of the enzyme by drugs. Addition of a variety of C-19 and C-21 steroids to cell suspensions resulted, after 4 to 6 hours of incubation, in 2- to 5-fold increase in the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase as measured in liver cell homogenates. The increase was prevented by cycloheximide. The most active steroid inducers tested were pregnene or pregnane derivatives with keto or hydroxyl groups at C-3 and C-20; in particular a beta hydroxyl group at C-20 enhanced activity. These C-21 steroids at optimal initial concentrations caused 3- to 5-fold induction over 4 hours. A number of C-19 androstene and androstane compounds caused 2- to 3-fold inducation over the same period. Hydrocortisone had no effect. For a variety of androstane and pregnane derivatives, inducation by 5alphaH steroids was as great as or greater than that by 5betaH compounds, in contrast to previous findings in chick embryo liver. Induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase by steroids in isolated liver cells was shown to be subject to feedback repression by hemin. PMID- 1123328 TI - Activity profiles of prostaglandin 15- and 9-hydroxydehydrogenase and 13 reductase in the developing rat kidney. AB - Three prostaglandin F2alpha-catabolizing enzyme activities have been demonstrated in kidneys from adult rats. Activity of each of the enzymes varied with animal age. Whereas 15-hydroxydehydrogenase and delta13-reductase appeared important to the early developing kidney (prior to 4 weeks of age), 9-hydroxydehydrogenase appeared to be characteristic of the adult kidney. Prostaglandin 15 hydroxydehydrogenase rose sharply after birth to a maximal value at 19 days (59 fold relative to the adult) decreasing to adult values by Day 40. Prostaglandin delta13-reductase followed a similar pattern rising about 20-fold at Day 19. Prostaglandin 9-hydroxydehydrogenase, on the other hand, was undetectable up to Day 19, rising gradually to adult values by Day 50. Prostaglandin biosynthesis in whole kidney and renal papilla at the peak period of 15-hydroxydehydrogenase activity, i.e. 19, 22, and 24 days, did not vary significally from adult values. The dramatic rise in 15-hydroxydehydrogenase activity, reflecting an important requirement for prostaglandin inactivation during the first 3 weeks after birth, appears to correlate well with the increase during this period in the number of glomeruli, cortical tubules, and redistribution of blood flow to the cortex. These results suggest for the first time an important relationship between prostaglandin catabolizing activites and nephrogenesis. PMID- 1123329 TI - The determination of prostaglandin metabolites in human urine. AB - A method has been developed in which the human urinary prostaglandin metabolites are converted into stable prostanoic and prostanediotic acid homologues. The urine is reduced with sodium borohydride and the organic compounds, isolated with an Amberlite XAD-2 column, are treated with fuming hydrogen iodide, followed by treatment with zinc in methanolic hydrogen chloride, to yield dimethyl tetranorprostanedioate as the major product of human prostaglandin metabolism. This compound is determined by gas chromatography, after a single purification by thin layer chromatography. The excretion of total tetranorprostanedioic acid derivatives in healthy subjects was found to be 0.21 plus and minus 0.08 mg per g of creatinine or 0.3 plus and minus 0.01 mg per 24 hours. PMID- 1123330 TI - Studies on the product binding sites of the Azotobacter vinelandii ribonucleic acid polymerase. AB - During chain elongation RNA polymerase exists as a ternary DNA-enzyme-RNA complex in which a discrete length of the nascent RNA chain proximal to the 3'-OH terminus will be bound to the product binding site (Krakow, J. S., and Fronk, E. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 5988). We have utilized the poly[d(A-T)]-directed reaction to determine the length of the nascent poly[r(A-U)] protected from attack by pancreatic ribonuclease. Following release of the ribonuclease resistant oligo[r(A-U)] from the ternary complex, its size was determined by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-10, and the ratio of 3'-terminal uridine to internal 2':3'-UMP following alkaline hydrolysis. The results indicate that the length of the nascent protected fragment is approximately 12 residues. PMID- 1123331 TI - Myoinosose-2 1-phosphate: an intermediate in the myoinositol 1-phosphate synthase reaction. AB - Partially purified testicular myoinositol 1-phosphate synthase was incubated with glucose 6-phosphate and NAD+. After 2 min the reaction was stopped by the addition of NaB3H4. Phosphorylated reduced sugars were isolated by ion exchange and dephosphorylated enzymatically. Scylloinositol and myoinositol, added as carriers, were re-isolated and purified to constant specific radioactivity. Since scylloinositol phosphate is uniquely related to myoinosose-2 1-phosphate, the finding of labeled scylloinositol and myoinositol is considered strong evidence for the presence of myoinosose-2 1-phosphate, an intermediate which has been postulated in the synthase-catalyzed isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to myoinositol 1-phosphate. About one-half the amount of intermediate was demonstrable with boiled synthase, indicating firm binding of myoinosose-2 phosphate to the enzyme. PMID- 1123332 TI - [3H]diborane reduction of vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding proteins. Identification of a unique amino acid. AB - gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid has recently been identified as a component of the vitamin K-dependent region of bovine prothrombin (Nelsestuen, G. L., Zytkovicz, T. H., and Howard J. B. (1974) J. Biol Chem. 249, 6347-6350). The presence of this amino acid has been substantiated here by the reduction of vitamin K dependent proteins with [3H]-DIBORANE. The reduction product of gamma carboxyglutamic acid, 5,5'-[3H]dihydroxyleucine, was shown to be present in hydrolysates of reduced rat prothrombin, bovine prothrombin, and bovine factor X. The results are consistent with a minimum of 10 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in the nonthrombin-generating region of bovine prothrombin but no such residues in the thrombin precursor portion of prothrombin. It is concluded that amino acid analyses of [3H]diborane-reduced proteins provides a sensitive, qualitative method for the identification of proteins which contain gamma carboxyglutamic acid and are vitamin K-dependent. PMID- 1123333 TI - Protein interactions with small molecules. Relationships between stoichiometric binding constants, site binding constants, and empirical binding parameters. AB - The multiple equilibria for the binding of a ligand A by a macromolecule P with n binding sites may be formulated in terms of a stoichiometric analysis or on the basis of a site-oriented scrutiny. The dependence of binding on ligand concentration can always be correlated in terms of n stoichiometric binding constants,Ki, even if there are interactions between sites that accentuate or attenuate binding affinities. A corresponding correlation in terms of site binding constants, kj, under the most general circumstances depends on the definition of n2n-1 different constants of which 2n-1 are independent. If experimental data are correlated in terms of n parameters kalpha, kbeta ... klambda in an equation of the site-binding form, (see article for formular) then there is no guarantee that the values of ka, kb, etc., have any unique relationships to site binging constants. Examples are given to illustrate this point. Equation are derived for relating stoichiometric binding constants to site binding constants, for the general case and for various special circumstances. These equations make it possible to define and analyze binding insystems with interactions and conformational accommodations. Accordingly, a graphical procedure is described (in which iKi is plotted against i, the stoichiometric binding step) that provides an affinity profile for concise representation of magnitudes of binding constants and for detecting interactions that accentuate or attenuate site binding affinities. PMID- 1123334 TI - Carnitine palymityltransferase in neonatal and adult heart and liver mitochondria. Effect of phospholipase C treatment. AB - Carnitine palmityltransferase was measured in neonatal and adult rat heart and liver mitochondria. When compared to the adult, no developmental differences in liver mitochondrial carnitine palmityltransferase were seen 24 hours postpartum. In neonatal heart, enzyme activity was initially low, reaching adult levels by 20 days. Polarographic measurements of oxygen consumption revealed normal levels of palmityl coenzyme A oxidation in the presence of carnitine and of palmitylcarnitine oxidation in both neonatal heart and liver. Phospholipase C treatment produced higher specific activities of carnitine palmityltransferase in neonatal and activities of carnitine palmityltransferase in neonatal and adult liver, probably due to decreases in total mitochondrial protein. Phospholipase C treatment had no effect on adult rat heart carnitine palmityltransferase but increased neonatal heart enzyme activity to adult levels. Low levels of measured enzyme activity were proposed to be due to "masking" of enzyme expression in intact mitochondrial preparations. PMID- 1123335 TI - Effect of amidination of lysyl residues on the oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin. Specificity of methyl acetimidate for lysine C5(40)alpha. AB - Treatment of human oxyhemoglobin with methylacetimidate results in selective amidination of the epfilon-amino group of lysin C5(40)alpha. The modified hemoglobin exhibits increased oxygen affinity, high cooperatively, and normal Bohr effect. Hybrid molecules containing amidinated beta chains and normal alpha chains have normal ligand-binding properties, whereas hybrid molecules containing amidinated alpha chains have ligand-binding properties identical with fully amidinated hemoglobin. Amidination of deoxyhemoglobin produces only minimal changes in ligand-binding properties. We propose that amidination of lysine C5(40)alpha prevents its participation in the salt bond with histidine HC3(146)beta in deoxyhemoglobin, thus shifting the allosteric equilibrium in favor of the high affinity oxy conformation. PMID- 1123336 TI - Pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine transferase. Purification to homogeneity and feedback inhibition. AB - Phosphoenolpyruvate:uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxyglucose-3 enolpyruvyltranferase catalyzes the transfer of enolpyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate to uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine with the liberation of inorganic orthophosphate. It was purified to homogeneity from Enterobacter cloacae with the use of UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-Dap, a feedback inihibitor, as a ligand covalenty bound to Sepharose 4B. The evidence suggests that the enzyme is a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 41,000. The enzyme catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. The cytoplasmic end product of this pathway is UDP-N acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-Dap-D-Ala-D-Ala (see article). UDP-MurNAc pentapeptide and its precursor, UDP-MurNAc-tripeptide, were found to be effective inhibitiors of the enzyme. The kinetic data suggest a binding site for these inhibitors distinct from the active site. This is consistent with the proposed role for UDP-MurNAc-tripeptide and pentapeptide as negative modulators of the enzyme. PMID- 1123337 TI - alpha-and beta-Globin complementary deoxyribonucleic acids of human and rabbit. Specificity of hybridization. AB - The specificity of hybridization was compared between the human and rabbit alpha and beta-globin complementary DNAs (cDNAs) and the corresponding alpha and beta globin messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The globin chain-specific mRNAs of rabbit were prepared from polysomes incubated with O-methylthreonine (alpha and beta) or from postribosomal supernatant (alpha). Enrichment for either the alpha- or beta globin mRNA was demonstrated by cell-free protein synthesis and by RNA-cDNA hybridization. Human mRNAs, active as templates for RNA-directed DNA polymerase, were prepared from reticulocytes of patients with hemolytic anemia, alpha thalassemia (hemoglobin H disease), and beta-thalassemia. Because there was partial cross-hybridization between human mRNA and rabbit cDNA, the rabbit alpha- and beta-globin cDNAs could be used to demonstrate that the beta-thalassemia mRNA was enriched in human alpha-globin mRNA sequences and that the alpha-thalassemia mRNA was enriched in human beta-globin mRNA sequences. These results were confirmed by preparation of thalassemia globin cDNAs and subsequent hybridization to their template mRNAs. The amount of cross-hybridization between the human and rabbit alpha-globin mRNA and the two alpha-globin cDNAs was comparable to the cross-hybridization between the two beta-globin mRNAs and the two beta-globin cDNAs, indicating a similar degree of evolutionary divergence in the nucleotide sequences of the two globin genes. PMID- 1123338 TI - Membrane penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C, a phospholipoprotein. AB - The hydrophobic membrane penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C has been characterized in view of its possible role in secretion of the hydrophilic exoenzyme. It differs from exoenzyme in carrying an additional phospholipopeptide chain of 25 amino acids that contains only Asx, Glx, Gly, and Ser residues. The NH2-terminal residues is phosphatidylserine. since the extra peptide chain is probably relatively polar, the phospholipid group may well be directly responsible for the hydrophobic properties of the membrane enzyme. PMID- 1123339 TI - Glucose transport carrier in human erythrocyte membranes. Dinitrophenylation of a membrane component modified by D-glucose. AB - The effect of D-glucose on dinitrophenylation of membrane proteins of human erythrocyte ghosts by 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was studied in the absence and in the presence of D-glucose. A double isotopic, differential labeling technique followed by gel electrophoresis of extracts in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed the presence of a polypeptide, or polypeptides, in human erythrocyte membranes, the reactivity of which to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was significantly enhanced in the presence of D-glucose. Molecular weights of the peptides were estimated to be approximately 180,000. The effective differential labeling of the peptides required specific conditions identical with the ones which maximize the differential between inactivation of the carrier by 1-fluoro 2,4-dinitrobenzene and the dinitrophenylation of bulk membrane (Jung, C. Y. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 3568). A differential labeling was also demonstrated as a single peak by LH-20 column chromatography of chloroform-methanol extractable membrane components. The peak contained both protein and phospholipids, indicating its proteolipid-like nature. A possible relationship of the differentially labeled polypeptides to the glucose carrier is discussed. PMID- 1123340 TI - On the molecular weights of the three nonidentical subunits of citrate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - The molecular weights of the three nonidentical subunits of citrate lyase of Klebsiella aerogenes have been determined by three methods: sedimentation equilibrium in 6 M guanidinium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration on 6 percent agarose column in 6 M guanidinium chloride. The molecular weights of the subunits, names I, II, and III (or acyl carrier protein) in order of elution from the agarose column, were 54,500, 32,000, and 11,000, respectively. The agarose-guanidine column provided a nearly complete separation of the three subunits. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was found by sedimentation equilibrium to be 520,000 plus or minus 10,000. The uncertainties in the molecular weights of the enzyme and its subunits did not permit a valid postulation of the subunit composition. PMID- 1123341 TI - In vitro synthesis of a thyroglobulin precursor by porcine thyroid membrane-bound ribosomes in a heterologous cell-free system. AB - The synthesis of a thyroglobulin precursor directed by endogenous messenger RNA has been achieved in a heterologous cell-free system containing porcine thyroid membrane-bound ribosomes and rat brain cortex cell sap. The main features of the system, such as ion and nucleotide requirements, temperature, dependence, inhibitors sensitivity, and ability to reinitiate, were studied. The nature of the product has been determined by specific immunoprecipitation and its size has been estimated by sucrose density gradient and sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under our conditions, the thyroglobulin precursor was mainly synthesized by membrane-bound ribosomes. PMID- 1123342 TI - Biosynthesis of bis(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate and acylphosphatidylglycerol in rat liver mitochondrial. AB - Bis(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate is present in trace quantities in normal liver where it represents smaller than 1 percent of total liver phospholipids. This compound is of considerable interest since its level can be greatly increased in certain lipidoses, either of a genetic nature or caused by drugs. Biosynthesis of bis(monoacylglyceryl)P in vitro has not previously been demonstrated. This paper reports the enzymatic formation of bis(monoacylglyceryl)P and acylphosphatidylglycerol as minor products from cytidine diphosphate diglyceride and radioactive sn-glycerol-3-P using a crude mitochondrial fraction from normal rat liver; phosphatidylglycerol was the principal product. Evidence is also presented which shows the enzymatic formation of acylphosphatidylglycerol and bis(monoacylglyceryl)P from [1',3'-14C]phosphatidylglycerol by a crude rat liver mitochondrial preparation in vitro. The structures of the radioactive bis(monoacylglyceryl)P and acylphosphatidylglycerol were tentatively established by thin layer chromatography, and chromatography of the products of mild alkaline hydrolysis and acetolysis. Radioactive acylphosphatidylglycerol was stoichiometrically converted to bis(monoacylglyceryl)P by treatment with bee venom phospholipase A, providing additional evidence for the structure of acylphosphatidylglycerol and bis(monoacylglyceryl)P. PMID- 1123343 TI - Cryptococcus laurentii cell envelope glycoprotein. Evidence for separate oligosaccharide side chains of different composition and structure. AB - Particulate enzyme preparations of the fungus imperfectus Cryptococcus laurentii catalyze transfer of mannosyl and galactosyl residues from GDP-[14C]mannose and UDP-[3H]-galactose to the same endogenous acceptor. After solubilization with pronase, the major portion of both labels is retarded on Sepharose columns and forms a symmetrical peak, in which 14C and 3H coincide. Label also coincides with endogenous protein and carbohydrate. Both labels bind to Sepharose-Concanavalin A (Con A) and are eluted with alpha-methylglucoside. After beta elimination with NaOH-NaBH4 only 14C label retains binding to Sepharose-Con A; 3H label representing (6-O-alpha-galactosyl)10-O-beta-galactosyl-O-mannitol as previously reported (Raizada, M. K., Kloepfer, H. G., Schutzbach, J. S., and Ankel, H. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 6080-6086) no longer binds. The [14C]mannose containing material after beta elimination yields a pentasaccharide and a trisaccharide. Similar penta- and trisaccharides can be isolated following beta elimination of particulate preparations of the organism after pronase treatment. Analytical data suggest that the structure of the isolated pentasaccharides corresponds to that of a pentasaccharide previously synthesized de novo using cell-free enzyme preparations of the organism: 2-O-alpha-mannosyl-6-O-alpha mannosyl-3-O-alpha-mannosyl-(2-O-beta-xylosyl)-O-mannose (Schutzbach, J. S., Raizada, M. K., and Ankel, H. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2953-2958). The trisaccharide has the structure 2-O-alpha-mannosyl-2-O-alpha-mannosyl-O-mannitol. The data are consistent with a glycoprotein structure in which these three types of oligosaccharides are bound to a common polypeptide core through O-glycosidic linkages to threonyl and seryl residues. PMID- 1123344 TI - Reversible inhibition of the fatty acid synthetase complex from Mycobacterium smegmatis by palmitoyl-coenzyme A. AB - Palmitoyl-CoA dissociates the fatty acid synthetase complex from Mycobacterium smegmatis into inactive subunits of molecular weight 250,000 as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Palmitoyl-CoA binds to the subunits but the binding can be prevented and reversed by the mycobacterial 3-O-methylmannose containing polysaccharide. When the palmitoyl-CoA containing inactive subunits were isolated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B, and then concentrated and dialyzed against 0.5 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 3 mM of the complexing agent heptakis-(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin, activity was regenerated to the level of 40 percent of a control sample. The reversibility of the dissociation and inactivation of the synthetase by palmitoyl-CoA suggests that this end product might play a regulatory role by acting as a feedback inhibitor. PMID- 1123345 TI - Regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Effect of different substrates. AB - The effects of choline, ethanolamine and its N-methyl analogs, different fatty acids, and L-methionine on phospholipid biosynthesis via the CDP-ester pathways and the methylation pathway were studied in rat hepatocytes. Phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis was stimulated severalfold by 0.02 to 0.1 mM ethanolamine, especially in the presence of long chain unsaturated fatty acids. At higher concentrations of ethanolamine, phosphorylethanolamine accumulated but the level of CDP-ethanolamine and the rate of phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis did not increase further. The rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the CDP ester pathway responded in a way analogous to that of phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis upon the addition of choline and fatty acid, except that a 10- to 20 fold higher concentration of choline was required for maximal stimulation, probably due to the rapid oxidation of choline to betaine. Phospholipids containing N-monomethyl- or N,N-dimethylethanolamine were efficiently formed from the corresponding free bases in the absence of ethanolamine and choline. Ethanolamine, but not other bases, inhibited completely phospholipid formation from N-monomethylethanolamine, probably as a result of competition at the level of CDP-ester formation. The data indicate that the cytidylytransferase reactions are rate-limiting steps in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and probably also phosphatidylcholine. In addition, the availability of diacylglycerol and its fatty acid composition may significantly affect the rate of phospholipid synthesis. The rate of phosphatidylcholine formation via phospholipid N methylation approximately doubled when L-methionine was added at concentrations similar to that in rat plasma. Under these conditions the rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis via this pathway was 20 to 40 percent of that via diacylglycerols and CDP-choline. The methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine remained essentially constant when the rate of phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis was varied 8-fold, but was significantly reduced when the formation of N-monomethyl- or N,N-dimethylphospholipid was stimulated by addition of the corresponding base. These phospholipids not only replaced phosphatidylethanolamine as the substrate for methylation but also increased the rate of phosphatidylcholine formation via this pathway. A method for the determination of nanomole amounts of different ethanolamine compounds is described. PMID- 1123346 TI - Chromatin changes during the cell cycle of HeHa cells. AB - HeLa S3 cells were synchronized by selective mitotic detachment and chromatin was isolated from synchronized populations at various times during the cell cycle. The isolated chromatins were studied by circular dichroism and for their ability to bind the intercalating dye, ethidium bromide. Chromatin from cells in the middle of the S phase showed an increase in maximum ellipticity in the 250- to 300-nm region of circular dichroism spectra and an increased ability to bind ethidium bromide, when compared to chromatin isolated from mitotic cells. Chromatin from G1 cells had values intermediate between mitotic and mid-S chromatins. PMID- 1123347 TI - The structure of rat proalbumin. AB - The structure of rat proalbumin, a liver precursor to rat serum albumin, has been determined to consist of the hexapeptide Arg-Gly-Val-Phe-Arg-Arg attached to the NH2 terminus of the polypeptide chain of rat serum albumin. Edman degradation of a proalbumin preparation for 14 rounds gave the major sequence Arg-Gly-Val-Phe Arg-Arg-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Ser-Glu-Ile-Ala. A comparison of cyanogen bromide fragments suggests that these two proteins differ only in this respect. On treatment with cyanogen bromide, these proteins gave three classes of peptides with molecular weights of 30,000, 10,000, and smaller than or equal to 5,000. A combination of gel filtration, electrofocusing, and ion exchange established that these peptides were indistinguishable, with exception of those of 10,000 molecular weight. By amino acid and sequence analyses this fraction from rat serum albumin was found to be the NH2-terminal fragment. Radiochemical amino acid and sequence analyses show that the NH2-terminal hexapeptide is the major fragment released from proalbumin by limited tryptic hydrolysis. The protein that remains cannot be distinguished from rat serum albumin. PMID- 1123348 TI - Biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate. I. Formation of L-iduronic acid residues. AB - L-[14C]Iduronic acid-containing sulfated galactosaminoglycans were formed by incubation of a fibroblast particulate fraction with UDP-D[14C]glucuronic acid, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, and sulfate donor (3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate). The formation of L-iduronic acid was strongly promoted by concomitant sulfation of the polymer. In the absence of sulfate donor 5 to 10% of the [14C]uronic acid residues were L-iduronic acid. However, when 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate was included in the incubation mixture the amount of L-iduronic acid in the product increased 3 to 5-fold. Furthermore, approximately the same quantity of L [14C]iduronic acid was recovered from the product formed in a pulse-chase experiment where incorporation of 14C-isotope preceded sulfation. It was therefore concluded that C-5 inversion of D-glucuronic acid to L-iduronic acid occurred on the polymer level as shown previously for the biosynthesis of heparin (Hook, M., Lindahl, U., Backstrom, G., Malmstrom, A., AND Fransson, L-A., J. Biol. Chem. (1974) 249, 3908). This conclusion was supported by the finding that no L[14C]iduronic acid could be detected in the UDP-hexuronic acid pool during this experiment. Nonsulfated and sulfated [14C]galactosaminoglycan products were degraded separately with chondroitinase-AC. The non-sulfated products afforded primarily disaccharide and a small amount of tetrasaccharide, while the sulfated products yielded, in addition, a considerable amount of larger oligosaccharides. Tetrasaccharides from nonsulfated products contained L-iduronic acid indicating that C-5 inversion at solitary sites can occur in the absence of sulfation of adjacent hexosamine moieties. The larger oligosaccharides obtained after chondroitinase-AC digestion of sulfated products yielded L-iduronic acid upon acid hydrolysis and were susceptible to chondroitinase-ABC digestion. The split products were almost exclusively 4-sulfated disaccharides. These results demonstrate that formation of blocks of L-iduronic acid-containing repeat periods is associated with 4-sulfation of adjacent hexosamine moieties. PMID- 1123349 TI - Regulation and substrate specificity of a steroid sulfate-specific hydroxylase system in female rat liver microsomes. AB - The sulfate-specific hydroxylase system in liver microsomes from rats has been investigated with respect to its substrate specificity. Eighteen different C18, C19, C21, and C27 steroid sulfates and the coresponding free steroids have been incubated with microsomal preparations from male and female rats. The sulfate specific system was only present in preparations from female rats and primarily catalyzed hydroxylation in position 15beta but also in position 7beta. In contrast to this, male liver microsomes were more efficient than female liver microsomes in hydroxylating free steroids; these were hydroxylated in positions 2alpha,2beta,6alpha,6beta,7alpha,7beta,16alpha, and 18. The sulfate-specific hydroxylase system in female liver microsomes was found to have rigid requirements c concerning the structure of ring D in the substrate molecule; only 17beta-sulfates (C18 and C19 steroids) and 21-sulfates (C21 steroids) were hydroxylated. Less rigid criteria, however, exist concerning the structure of ring A. The following K-m values were determined for microsomal 15beta hydroxylation: 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol disulfate, 17.2 muM; 5beta androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol disulfate, 16muM;5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta diol 17-sulfate, 26 muM; and estradiol 17-sulfate, 181 muM. Some of the regulatory mechanism controlling the activity of the sex-specific 15beta hydroxylase system also have been studied and compared to the mechanism controlling the activities of the less specific 2alpha-, 7alpha-, and 18 hydroxylase systems active on 5alpha-[4-14C]androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol. Biliary drainage did not affect the 15beta-hydroxylase activity, whereas the 2alpha- and 7alpha-hydroxylase activities decreased.. PMID- 1123350 TI - Dihydrotestosterone formation in cultured human fibroblasts. Comparison of cells from normal subjects and patients with familial incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism, Type 2. AB - The conversion of [1,2-3H]testosterone to [3H]dihydrotestosterone has been assessed in fibroblast monolayers grown from skin biopsies of foreskin, scrotum, and various nongential skins from 31 control men who varied in age from newborn to 25 years and three 46,XY subjects with hereditary male pseudohermaphroditism. Under the standardized conditions utilized in this study, the rate of dihydrotestosterone formation was greater in fibroblasts grown from genital skin (foreskin and scrotum) passages exhibit the same differentiation in dihydrotestosterone formation as the skin from which the fibroblasts were grown. Furthermore, 5alpha-reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, exhibits apparent similar substrate specificity in control foreskin fibroblasts and in the foreskin itself. Fibroblasts grown from the foreskin of two patients with familial incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism, type 2, an autosomal recessive disorder of phenotypic sexual differentiation, showed a marked deficiency in the capacity to form dihydrotestosterone. In contrast, fibroblasts grown from the scrotum of one 46,XY male with familial incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism, type 1, an apparent X-linked disorder of phenotypic sexual differentiation, formed dihydrotestosterone at a normal rate. PMID- 1123351 TI - Characterization of the phosphoenolpyruvate inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. AB - The interaction of phosphoenolypyruvate with isolated rat liver mitochondria has been further investigated. The uptake of P-enolpyruvate is accompanied by the stoichiometric release of intramitochondrial adenine nucleotides resulting in the inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Addition of specific inhibitors of either the adenine nucleotide carrier or the tricarboylic acid carrier blocks the P-enolpyruvate-stimulated loss of adenine nucleotides and thereby prevents the resultant inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. These data suggest that there is a specific interaction between the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase and the tricarboxylic acid carrier resulting in the control of intramitochondrial adenine nucleotide levels of phosphoenolpyruvate. PMID- 1123352 TI - Phosphate transport in rat liver mitochondria. Membrane components labeled by N ethylmaleimide during inhibition of transport. AB - N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) inhibits the transport of phosphate in mitochondria but is without effect on permeation of other metabolities. In spite of its specificity for inhibition of phosphate transport, NEM reacts in an unspecific manner with inner membrane proteins in general. Treatment of mitochondria with [3H]NEM just sufficient to produce inhibition of phosphate transport results in labeling of at least 10 polypeptide components of the inner membrane. A marked increase in the specificity of reaction of NEM for components of the phosphate transport system is attained by first protecting the transport system with p-mercuribenzoate (p MB) and then by irreversibly blocking reactive sulfhydryl groups unassociated with transport by the addition of unlabeled NEM. Subsequent addition of dithiothreitol removes p-MB and restores 65 to 75 percent of the original phosphate transport activity. Reinhibition of transport with [3H]NEM results in both a 6-fold decrease in the amount of [3H]NEM bound by purified inner membrane vesicles and a substantial reduction in the number of labeled polypeptide components. Five distinct labeled species are detected by this method, one of which is a 32,000 molecular weight protein containing 40 percent of the bound radioactivity, or approximately 160 pmol/mg of inner membrane protein. Correlation of binding of [3H]NEM by inner membrane proteins with inhibition of phosphate transport suggests that the maximum concentration of the NEM-sensitive component of the phosphate transport system is 60 pmol/mg of mitochondrial protein. This value, when combined with V-max of NEM-sensitive transport of 205 nmol times min-1 times mg-1 at O degrees (Coty, W. A., and Pedersen, P. L. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2593) yields an approximate minimum turnover for this process of 3500 min-1 at 0 degrees. This turnover number is at least 20-fold greater than similarly calculated values for adenine nucleotide transport and succinate oxidation in rat liver mitochondria at this temperature. Taken together these results suggest that the NEM-sensitive phosphate transport system in rat liver mitochondria has an unusually high catalytic activity compared to other mitochondrial processes, and that at least one of the five NEM-binding proteins is likely to be an essential component of this transport system. PMID- 1123353 TI - Purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Separation and characterization of multiple forms. AB - During the purification of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450LM), evidence was obtained for the occurrence of at least four distinct forms. These were distinguished by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence or absence of mercaptoethanol and were shown to have characteristic spectra as the reduced carbon monoxide complexes. They are designated by their relative electrophoretic mobilities. P-450LM2, which was purified to apparent homogeneity, is induced by phenobarbital and has a subunit molecular weight of 50,000. P-450LM4, which was also extensively purified, is induced by beta-naphthoflavone and has a molecular weight of 54,000. P-450LM1,7, which is induced neither by phenobarbital nor beta-naphthoflavone, is a mixtureMIXTURE OF ABOUT EQUAL AMOUNTS OF TWO FORMS WITH MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF 47,000 AND 60,000 RESPECTIVELY. Some preparations were obtained containing primarily P-450LM1 or P-450LM7. Benzphetamine, ethylmorphine, and p-nitroanisole are hydroxylated preferentially by P-450LM2, and benzpyrene by P-450LM1,7. Biphenyl is hydroxylated in both positions 2 and 4 by all of the preparations, but the latter position is strongly favored by the action of P-450LM2. Testosterone is hydroxylated primarily in position 16alpha by P-450LM2 and in position 6beta by P-450LM1,7. Although the occurrence of additional forms of the cytochrome with highly similar electrophoretic behavior is not ruled out, it appears that the presence of these forms differing in subunit molecular weight may account for the variety of catalytic activities attributed to this pigment of liver microsomes. PMID- 1123354 TI - Benign osteoblastoma: range of manifestations. AB - A study of twenty-five new cases of osteoblastoma and a review of 172 previously reported cases demonstrated the wide spectrum of manifestations of the lesion. The ratio of males to females was 2:1, with 80 per cent of the patients being under thirty years of age. The duration of complaints prior to diagnosis averaged seventeen months. The majority of the lesions were found in the spine or major long bones of the lower extremity. When complete excision of the tumor was done a cure always was the result, but incomplete curettage also affected a cure in some cases. Three cases presented in detail emphasize the wide variation in biological behavior which this lesion may exhibit. Histological characteristics of aneurysmal bone cyst may frequently appear in the tumor tissue. Radiotherapy does not alter the course of the disease and appears to be contraindicated. PMID- 1123355 TI - Ewing's sarcoma. A clinicopathological and statistical analysis of patients surviving five years or longer. AB - Of 229 patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma of bone, thirty-seven survived five years or longer. When the patients who survived five years or longer were compared with the 192 who did not, two factors associated with longer survival were identified in this retrospective study: location of the primary tumor within an extremity and inclusion of surgery as part of the initial treatment. The probability of five-year survival for all 229 patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma was 16 per cent. For those seen since 1950, this probability was 18 per cent, and for patients without metastasis, it was 22 per cent. PMID- 1123356 TI - Performance analysis of an ex vivo geometric total knee prosthesis. AB - Studies were made of a well functioning geometric total knee prosthesis, removed at autopsy from a sixty-one-year-old man, which had been used for eight months. The components were firmly embedded in bone with no evidence of loosening. There was significant deformation of the polyethylene tibial component, but no significant wear on the metallic component. Thin layers of fibrous tissue were found in some areas of the bone-cement interfaces. PMID- 1123357 TI - Restoration of strong opposition after median-nerve or brachial plexus paralysis. AB - In hands in which the superficial flexors of the fingers and thenar muscles of opposition are denervated, usually as the result of high median-nerve or brachial plexus injury, thumb opposition can be restored by transfer of the superficial flexor of the ring finger to the thumb through a dynamic pulley made from the distal segment of flexor carpi ulnaris which is attached to the proximal segment of flexor carpi ulnaris to the transferred paralyzed superficial ring-finger flexor tendon. Of sixteen patients treated by this method, twelve had good or satisfactory results; one had a poor result; and three were lost to follow-up. PMID- 1123358 TI - Subluxation of peroneal tendons. Case treated by rerouting tendons under calcaneofibular ligament. PMID- 1123359 TI - Mirror-image coxa vara in identical twins. PMID- 1123360 TI - Supraclavicular nerve-entrapment syndrome. PMID- 1123361 TI - Osteoid-osteoma producing premature fusion of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the big toe. A case report. PMID- 1123363 TI - Tardy palsy of the posterior interosseous nerve with a Monteggia fracture. PMID- 1123362 TI - Gangrene of the newborn. A case report. AB - Gangrene of the newborn is an uncommon condition usually resulting from decreased perfusion of a part, usually an extremity. There are a variety of situations which can result in this condition. Knowledge of the exact sequence of events which lead to the insult and the conditions surrounding it is helpful in determining the etiology and as a consequence the treatment of the lesion. In the patient described, direct pressure from the maternal pelvis was probably the contributing factor which led to venous occlusion of the extremity. Arterial thrombosis, emboli, trauma, congenital heart disease, sepsis, dehydration, coagulopathies, and venipuncture are other possible causes which should be considered. The treatment is in general supportive, allowing the ischemic area to demarcate and slough. Range-of-motion exercises and splinting to avoid contracture are helpful in the rehabilitative phase. PMID- 1123364 TI - Unilateral osseous bridging of the lumbar transverse processes following trauma. Case report. PMID- 1123365 TI - Arteriographic management of postoperative bleeding following major hip surgery. PMID- 1123366 TI - Reattachment of the greater trochanter in total hip arthroplasty by use of a bolt. PMID- 1123367 TI - Fatigue fracture: the basic lesion is inthmic spondylolisthesis. AB - The defect in the pars interarticularis in spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis is most often the result of repeated trauma, stress, and factors other than acute fracture. These fatigue fractures develop early in life, may have a strong hereditary basis, and most often represent incidental roentgenographic findings. Attention should be given to the youngster or adolescent with low-back pain and paraspinal muscle spasm. If these patients are followed closely, the incidence of pars interarticularis defect is higher than appreciated. The lesion in some of these individuals may progress to significant vertebral slipping. If the developing defect is recognized early, treatment can be quite satisfactory. PMID- 1123368 TI - The treatment of trochanteric hip fractures using a compression screw. AB - One hundred and four consecutive intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with a compression screw were reviewed. Despite death and lack of follow-up, the late results in sixty-two cases of fracture were analyzed. Three non-unions and one malunion gave the technique a failure rate of only 6.4 per cent. Twenty-two patients with both stable and unstable fractures were allowed to bear weight as early as tolerated, in an average of fourteen days. Early weight-bearing did not appear to compromise the end result. PMID- 1123369 TI - The deep posterior compartmental syndrome of the leg. AB - Fourteen cases of deep posterior compartmental syndrome of the leg complicating lower-extremity trauma were analyzed. Caused by increased pressure within the deep posterior compartment, the syndrome was characterized by pain, plantar hypesthesia, weakness of toe flexion, pain on passive toe extension, and tenseness of the fascia between the tibia and the triceps surae in the distal medial part of the leg. Decompression of the compartment within twelve hours of the onset of the syndrome prevented permanent sequelae. PMID- 1123370 TI - Knee joint infections with Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus species. AB - In rabbit knees 600 Staphylococcus aureus organisms produced progressive infection in 50 per cent of the knees injected, whereas 5.3 times 10-7 Micrococcus species caused only transient colonization of the joints. Methicillin, cephacetrile, and clindamycin administered before injection of the staphylococci gave protection. Stainless-steel particles in the knee did not increase susceptibility to infection from injected micrococci but did make established micrococcal infections more persistent. Knees containing steel debris failed to become infected during prolonged staphylococcal bacteremia. Injected autologous blood, either fresh or three days old, did not increase susceptibility to infection. Large doses of steroids, given systemically or intraarticularly, decreased resistance to micrococcal infection and increased the destruction caused by infection due to this organism. PMID- 1123371 TI - Some physiological aspects of bone marrow pressure. AB - An investigation was made into some of the hemodynamic properties of bone. The parameters studied were bone marrow and medullary venous pressures. The resting level and changes in the two pressures were measured under autoperfusion and constant-flow perfusion conditions. Changes were induced either by drugs or by alteration in blood flow. Marrow pressure was measured with a new tonometric technique. A specially constructed miniature pressure transducer was utilized as the tonometer. Trauma-induced hemorrhage of the marrow was avoided. The marrow pressure was measured across an intact endosteal membrane. The pressure of the normal bone marrow and the medullary venous pressure in the anesthetized dog were nearly equal, approximately twenty millimeters of mercury and about 17 per cent of systemic blood pressure. These values were found whether measured simultaneously or separately in comparable groups of dogs under a variety of conditions. Induced changes in the two pressures produced either by changes in perfusion rate or by drugs were also nearly equal and in the same direction. PMID- 1123372 TI - The relative safety of polymethylmethacrylate. A controlled clinical study of randomly selected patients treated with Charnley and ring total hip replacements. AB - Forty patients from a group of seventy elected to participate in a prospective randomized clinical study designed to evaluate the systemic effects of polymethylmethacrylate implanted with a Charnley total hip replacement, utilizing patients treated with a Ring total hip prosthesis ad controls. Intraoperative alterations in cardiovascular function were related to use of methylmethacrylate, but postoperative changes in pulmonary function, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum lactic acid dehydrogenase, serum glutamicoxalacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were not. Charnley total hip replacements were associated with more ectopic-bone formation twelve months postoperatively. The two "latent" infections recognized during the thirty-four months of the study were in hips without acrylic fixation. PMID- 1123373 TI - Transplantation of preserved composite tendon allografts. AB - Composite flexor-tendon grafts (both tendons with sheath and pulleys intact) were performed in adult chickens comparing fresh autografts with allografts stored in 1:5,000 merthiolate under refrigeration for two months. The gross and microscopic findings were assessed one week to one year after transfer. The allografts were somewhat slower to heal but otherwise differed little from the autografts, and were readily accepted eventually with only minor adhesions between the grafted tendon and the sheath. PMID- 1123374 TI - Alterations of rabbit articular cartilage by intra-articular injections of glucocorticoids. AB - The destruction of rabbit articular cartilage after intra-articular injections of hydrocortisone acetate was investigated using histological, biochemical, and tracer methods. Fissures and cysts increased in number as increasing amounts of hydrocortisone were given. A linear decrease of hexosamine to less than 50 per cent after twelve injections was accompanied by insigificant changes in deoxyribonucleic acid and hydroxyproline content. The synthesis of proteoglycans and proteins was reduced to one-third, while the production of collagen dropped to less than one-fifth. The changes in thymidine incorporation were not significant. Based on these data, a model indicating the sequence of events which leads to joint destruction after intra-articular injections of glucocorticoid is proposed. PMID- 1123375 TI - Water content and binding in normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage. AB - Water binding in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage slices from human femoral heads was studied using tritiated water to measure the water binding after short exposure, total water content, and avidity with which water is held. In osteoarthritic cartilage, compared with normal cartilage, there was no increase in water binding but water content increased by 9 per cent and the avidity with which the newly bound water was held also increased. These findings were almost exactly duplicated by partial extraction of the proteoglycan from normal tissues with 4 molar guanidinium hydrochloride. PMID- 1123376 TI - The effect of operating-room environment on the infection rate after Charnley low friction total hip replacement. AB - After 300 Charnley low-friction arthroplasties done in two hospitals by two surgical teams using clean-air enclosures but no preoperative, operative, or postoperative antibiotics, there were three deep wound infections, two caused by Staphylococcus albus, coagulase negative, and one by Klebsiella. Two of these infections occurred in hips previously operated on and one was in a hip with no previous surgery. These findings suggest that two operating-room environments using the same basic principles without antibiotics can achieve a 1 per cent rate of deep wound infection with no early deep wound infections after total hip replacement, a rate comparable to that reported in other series in which antibiotics were used. However, this study did not answer the questions: Is the environment the primary reason for the low infection rate or is it the discipline required by the environment? Will the rate of late (four to five years) wound infection after operations done in a clean-air enclosure be lower than that after procedures done in a "normal" operating-room environment using preoperative, operative, and postoperative antibiotics? PMID- 1123377 TI - Malignant hemangioendothelioma of bone. AB - The clinical and histopathological characteristics are described in seven cases of malignant hemangioendothelioma of bone. This rare neoplasm affects all age groups and almost any bone. Metastases appear in the skeleton even before such lesions are seen on pulmonary roentgenograms. Prognosis is poor, with a five-year survival for only two of the six patients in this series. One patient is still alive and free of symptoms more than twelve years after diagnosis of widespread tumor destruction of the frontal skull bones, which was successfully controlled by radiation therapy. In addition, a recently diagnosed case of this tumor arising in a chronic non-fistulous osteomyelitic bone is described. PMID- 1123378 TI - Factitious lymphedema of the hand. AB - Twenty-two patients with factitious lymphedema of the hand were reviewed. Thirteen were female, with a median age of sixteen years at the onset of symptoms. Of the nine males, the median age at onset of symptoms was thirty-two years. The dominant hand was affected more frequently than the non-dominant hand. Edema was usually caused by a tourniquet, irritation of the skin, or blows to the back of the hand. Neurosis, psychosis, or suicidal tendency was diagnosed in twelve of these patients. Characteristically, the edema was not particularly painful; it frequently ended proximally in a circumferential discolored constriction ring; and it occasionally displayed characteristic lymphangiographic findings of normal or dilated lymphatic channels with increased collateral circulation and multiple blowouts. Although ten of the patients received Workmen's Compensation benefits, the course and psychiatric diagnosis indicated that malingering for secondary financial gain was not a primary goal. Hospitalization is usually required to confirm the diagnosis. Psychotherapy is indicated once the diagnosis is made. PMID- 1123379 TI - Synovectomy for rheumatoid arthritis of the knee. AB - Synovectomy of the knee results in a satisfactory degree of pain relief in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Pain relief was equally good in our series in knees with clinically active synovitis, regardless of the amount of joint destruction, provided no gross malalignment, instability, or degeneration of joint surfaces was present. In 64 per cent of the knees there was some loss of range of motion; in 13 per cent, a gain in range of motion; and in 23 per cent, no change in the total range of motion. Only two knees in the entire series underwent fibrous ankylosis. The patients' estimates of their disease activity after surgery correlated very closely with the pain relief obtained. Most of those who estimated their activity to be very low had good pain relief, while those who had more active disease had less likelihood of a satisfactory result. Although long-term satisfactory results seemed to indicate that synovitis had been effectively suppressed by surgical synovectomy, the data in this series do not prove that synovectomy prevents destruction in the rheumatoid knee. PMID- 1123380 TI - Forearm fractures. Early functional bracing - A preliminary report. AB - Forty-five fractures of the forearm in forty-three patients were treated with a functional below-the-elbow brace applied three to forty-two days after injury, at a median time of fifteen days. The brace permitted flexion and extension of the wrist and elbow while limiting pronation and supination of the forearm during the fracture's reparative period. The results were rewarding, with only one non-union and minimum impairment of function in the overwhelming majority of cases. PMID- 1123381 TI - Pins and plaster treatment of comminuted fractures of the distal end of the radius. AB - The technique used in the treatment of seventy-five patients with severely comminuted, often intra-articular fractures near the wrist was as follows- Pins were inserted through the metacarpals and proximal part of the ulna, reduction was done, and the pins were incorporated in a cast from elbow to knuckles. This allowed movement of the fingers and the elbow. The main complications - loss of radial length and pintract infection - are avoided by attention to technical details. Of the patients with adequate follow-up, 86 per cent had good or excellent results. PMID- 1123382 TI - Colles' fractures. Functional bracing in supination. AB - The classic position of immobilization of Colles' fractures with the elbow in flexion, the forearm in pronation, and the wrist in volar flexion and ulnar deviation is probably the main reason for the common and rapid recurrence of the original deformity. Such a position places the brachioradialis muscle, a strong flexor of the elbow and the only muscle attached to the distal fracture fragment, in an ideal physiological position to exert a deforming force on the fracture fragments. Based on this assumption, further supported by electromyographic studies, a method of treatment was developed which calls for the initial immobilization of the arm in an above-the-elbow cast with the elbow in flexion, the forearm in supination, and the wrist inmoderate ulnar and volar flexion. This cast is changed a few days after application for an Orthoplast brace that permits motion of the elbow and volar flexion of the wrist while preventing pronation and supination of the forearm and dorsiflexion of the wrist. The proposed method did not prevent collapse of the fragments in all instances. However, the degree of collapse was minimum. The position of supination of the forearm and the freedom of motion of all joints seemed to reduce the swelling, stiffness, and incapacitation frequently found during active treatment of these fractures. PMID- 1123383 TI - Experimental fixation of fractures of the femur with methylmethacrylate. AB - Use of a simple method for injection of cooled methylmethacrylate into the distal part of the femur through the canal of a Kuntscher rod to stabilize distal femoral-shaft fractures proved experimentally to greatly increase the torsional stability at the fracture site. This method may allow rapid ambulation of debilitated patients and prevent the complications of extended bed rest. PMID- 1123384 TI - Fractures of the tibial shaft after skiing and other accidents. AB - Fractures of the tibial shaft from skiing accidents were compared with fractures of other etiology. Skiing fractures more often affected the lower third of the tibia and they seldom were open. Many were comminuted or transverse but displacement tended to be slight. The incidence of complications was low and the periods of hospitalization, of healing, and of inability to work were shorter than for the other fractures. The highly favorable prognosis was evident whatever the method used for treatment. Methods of treatment of tibial fractures should not be compared on the basis of experience with skiing fractures, because of the exceedingly favorable prognosis of the latter. PMID- 1123385 TI - Acute, complete acromioclavicular separation. AB - Twenty-three patients with acute, complete acromioclavicular separation were studied prospectively. Twelve patients were treated non-operatively and eleven were treated operatively. A twelve-month minimum follow-up, using a point system to evaluate clinical results, demonstrated comparable results with and without surgery. Roentgenographic findings did not correlate with the clinical results. Minimum immobilization and early rehabilitation of the shoulder was the recommended treatment of choice. PMID- 1123386 TI - Avascular necrosis of the proximal end of the dens. A complication of halo-pelvic distraction. AB - Roentgenographic evidence of avascular necrosis of the upper part of the dens was observed in thirteen of ninety-four patients treated for tuberculous kyphosis or non-tuberculous scoliosis using halo-pelvic distraction. Four patients had some residual loss of motion. A significant relationship was demonstrated between avascular necrosis and the amount of distraction visible on roentgenograms. PMID- 1123387 TI - Kinesiology after McKee-Farrar total hip replacement. A two-year follow-up of one hundred cases. AB - Measurements of functional performance were made before and at six and twenty four months after 100 McKee-Farrar total hip replacements in eighty-three patients. The measurements included: range of motion of the hip, hip-muscle torque, weight-bearing activity during standing, forces applied to canes or crutches, and multiple components of walking performance. In the absence of serious complications, most patients had improvement in most components of function, with greater gains occurring during the first six months and lesser but continued gains between the sixth and twenty-fourth postoperative months. Patients with serious operative complications, postoperative infections, or component loosening showed declines in almost every component of function tested. PMID- 1123388 TI - Chondromalacia of the patella in Chinese. A postmortem study. AB - Two hundred knees of 100 Chinese cadavera were studied with reference to factors which have been implicated in the etiology of chondromalacia of the patella. The findings were as follows: chondromalacia of the patella was less common in Chinese than in Europeans, did not always start in the medial patellar facet, and showed no relationship to the presence of abnormal menisci or to the anatomical characteristics of the medial femoral condyle which have been suggested as causative factors. PMID- 1123389 TI - Syme's amputation. Follow-up study of weight-bearing in sixty-eight patients. AB - Sixty-eight patients with Syme amputations resulting from industrial injuries were reviewed. The amount of end-weight-bearing was measured with a capacitance transducer. The majority of patients required fitting with a prosthesis designed to relieve end-weight-bearing. The old-fashioned prosthesis with a leather corset was the most effective in achieving reduction of end-weight-bearing. PMID- 1123390 TI - Scoliosis in Marfan's syndrome. Its characteristics and results of treatment in thirty-five patients. AB - Of sixty-four patients with Marfan's syndrome, thirty-five had scoliosis, which in 44 per cent began in the infantile and juvenile age periods. The curve patterns were double major right thoracic-left lumbar in 48 per cent and single right thoracic in 33 per cent. At the start of treatment the curves were severe (average, 72 degrees) and quite structural (average bending correction, 36 per cent). Seventy-four per cent of the thirty-five patients had back pain. Inadequately treated and untreated curves usually progressed to severe and painful deformity. Milwaukee brace treatment was generally unsuccessful because of the severity and rigidity of the curves or the poor maintenance of correction obtained. Spine fusion combined with Harrington rod instrumentation (fourteen patients) gave an average correction of 41 per cent with an average loss of 7 degrees (average follow-up, 2.3 years). Operative treatment of scoliosis is indicated in most patients with Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 1123391 TI - Healing of electrosurgical and scalpel wounds in rabbits. AB - Skin wounds in rabbits were tested after healing periods of up to three weeks to determine if scalpel wounds differed from those made electrosurgically. Tensile tests showed that the electrosurgical wounds were initially stronger, but at four days there was no difference. Thereafter the scalpel wounds were stronger and their healing progressed much faster. Histological preparations showed more extensive inflammation and necrosis in the electrosurgical wounds. PMID- 1123392 TI - A characterization of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. AB - Polymethylmethacrylate cement is characterized in terms of chemical composition, handling characteristics, and physical properties; the dough time, setting time, handling time, and temperature rise were found to be most affected by environmental temperature and kneading of the dough mass. As the set material ages, the residual monomer content gradually decreases and the strength increases. A volume shrinkage of up to 5 per cent was observed. The porosity, which is increased by rapid mixing, may reach 10 per cent. The mechanical properties of the cement approximate those of polymethylmethacrylate denture base material. Some variability encountered in the handling qualities of the cement could be attributed only to the variability of different batches. PMID- 1123393 TI - Biochemical confirmation of an experimental osteoarthritis model. AB - Section of the medial collateral and both cruciate ligaments combined with resection of the medial meniscus in rabbit knees caused instability and during the ensuing six months these knees showed progressive histological changes similar to those of human osteoarthritis. Biochemical analysis of the cartilage from such knee joints demonstrated a decrease in proteoglycan, an increase in acid phosphatase, and increases in the rates of synthesis of protein and glycosaminoglycan. These findings, which are quite consistent with those in human osteoarthritis, suggest that this animal model may be of value in the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of human disease. PMID- 1123394 TI - Acute neurological complications in the treatment of scoliosis. A report of the Scoliosis Research Society. AB - A survey conducted by the Scoliosis Research Society found eighty-seven patients with acute neurological complications resulting from the treatment of scoliosis. The incidence of these complications was determined to be 0.72 per cent. Seventy four major complications involving the spinal cord were reported, half of them complete paraplegia and half partial paraplegia. Thirty-six per cent recovered completely, 32 per cent had partial recovery, and 32 per cent had no return of function. Thirteen minor complications involving cranial and peripheral nerves were reported. Major complications occurred in forty-two cases of posterior spine fusion with Harrington instrumentation and in twenty cases of posterior spine fusion without instrumentation. Six patients became paraplegic following skeletal traction alone. PMID- 1123395 TI - Vertical talus of unusual etiology. Case report. PMID- 1123396 TI - A mechanism of isolated anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Case report. PMID- 1123397 TI - Arthrographic demonstration of an enlarged iliopsoas bursa complicating osteoarthritis of the hip. A case report. PMID- 1123398 TI - Acute osteomyelitis following closed fractures. Report of three cases. PMID- 1123399 TI - Benign chondroblastoma. Case report with pulmonary metastasis. PMID- 1123400 TI - Multicentric giant-cell tumors in the long bones. A case report. PMID- 1123401 TI - Fibrosarcoma presenting as a pseudotumor of hemophilia. Report of an unusual case. PMID- 1123402 TI - Malignant transformation of benign osteoblastoma. A case report. PMID- 1123403 TI - Acute cervical pain associated with soft-tissue calcium deposition anterior to the interspace of the first and second cervical vertebrae. PMID- 1123404 TI - The hip lifter. An aid to total hip-replacement arthroplasty performed in the supine position. PMID- 1123405 TI - Traumatic dislocation of the knee joint. AB - The results in thirty-three of fifty-three traumatic dislocations of the knee followed for more than one year confirmed our conclusion, made in 1971, that early repair of all torn ligaments gives the best results, and that the vascular status following this injury must be observed carefully since vascular repair or thrombectomy within eight hours of injury gives the best chance of preventing gangrene of the leg. The twenty associated fractures in these thirty-three patients were treated successfully with conventional methods, except for three displaced fractures of the medial tibial plateau in which closed reduction failed and internal fixation was required. PMID- 1123406 TI - Letter: Acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis. PMID- 1123407 TI - Exposure of an arginine-rich protein at surface of cells in S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle. AB - Phenylglyoxal (PG) is shown to be a cell surface probe specific for arginine moieties in protein: (1) It does not enter the cell as evidenced by lack of PG in the cytoplasm. (2) It does not cause excessive cell leakage as measured by release of 51Cr. (3) It reacts with positively-charged groups in proteins at the cell surface but not with those of phospholipids at the surface; since pronase removes PG from the surface, but phospholipase C does not. (4) Under the conditions used in these experiments, it reacts virtually exclusively with arginine moieties in protein (Freedman et al., '68; Takahashi, '68; Werber and Sokolovsky, '72). Synchronized cells were exposed to radioactive PG to assess quantity of arginine moieties in protein at the surface. There is a sharp decrease in arginine at the cell surface at entry into G1 phase from M and a 24 fold increase upon entry into S phase. There is a slight drop in exposed arginine in late S phase followed by an increase to 26 times the G1 level immediately prior to mitosis. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of tyrosine moieties in protein at the surface of synchronized cells shows a very gradual increase in protein as the cells move through the cycle and increase in size. Since the increase in arginine moieties in protein at the surface does not reflect a similar increase in total protein at the surface, an arginine-rich protein appears to be exposed at the cell surface during the division-related phases of the cell cycle. PMID- 1123408 TI - Conditionally lethal mutations in chinese hamster cells. Characterization of a cell line with a possible defect in the Krebs cycle. AB - A variant Chinese hamster cell line has been isolated from a mutagenized population that has a markedly reduced ability to oxidize a variety of substrates via the Krebs cycle. The production of 14CO2 from 14C-labeled compounds was measured using pyruvate, acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, palmitate and glutamate, and in all cases it was neglibible in the mutant. In contrast to this, significant amounts of 14CO2 were produced from 14C-aspartate and 14C-succinate which suggest that some reactions of the Krebs cycle can take place and this conclusion is supported by tracer experiments with labeled compounds. The rate of respiration measured with a Clark oxygen electrode in the mutant was compared to several normal Chinese hamster cell lines and was found to be only 8%. Mitochondria appear to be present in normal numbers and with only minor differences in morphology. The measurement of difference spectra between oxidized and reduced states permits us to conclude that the cytochromes are all present and functional. These results lead us to believe that there may be a defect in the Krebs cycle between alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate. Alternatively a defect in a structural component of the mitochondria or in the electron-transport chain itself may be causing pleiotropic effects in the Krebs cycle and respiration. PMID- 1123409 TI - Steroid hormone regulation of specific messenger RNA and protein synthesis in eucaryotic cells. AB - Evidence is presented that the induction of specific proteins in the chick oviduct by the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone, involves a primary effect at the level of gene transcription. The intracellular levels of mRNA's which code for the synthesis of the egg-white proteins, ovalbumin and avidin, have been quantitated in a heterologous protein synthesizing system. It is demonstrated that these levels are directly dependent upon the inducing steroid, estrogen or progesterone, respectively. Ovalbumin mRNA has been purified to apparent homogeneity. This ovalbumin mRNA was then used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary DNA copy catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase which was isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus. This radioactively labeled complementary DNA was used to demonstrate, by means of DNA excess hybridization, that the ovalbumin gene is represented only once in each haploid genome of the chick cell. Next the complementary DNA copy of the ovalbumin mRNA was used as a genetic probe to determine the precise number of sequences of ovalbumin mRNA present at any one time after the administration of estrogen. It was demonstrated that the unstimulated chick contained no sequences of ovalbumin mRNA. Within a very short period of time after estrogen is administered the ovalbumin sequences begin to appear and reach a steady state level of 140,000 molecules per tubular gland cell. It could also be calculated that each ovalbumin molecule is probably translated some 50,000 times during its life which explains why ovalbumin comprises some 60% of the total protein in the oviduct cell. Following withdrawal of the oviduct from estrogen treatment, ovalbumin mRNA sequences again drop to undetectable levels. However, following a single injection of estrogen to these withdrawn animals, new ovalbumin mRNA sequences could be detected within 30 minutes. These data suggest that estrogen controls the activity of the ovalbumin gene via a pure transcriptional control mechanism. It is also demonstrated that the efficiency of the complementary DNA as a means of quantitating specific mRNA sequences is some 1,000 times more sensitive than the best available in vitro translation system. Finally, the efficacy of four popular translation systems is compared. It is suggested that for initial studies involving hormonal control of mRNA levels, the translation system derived from wheat germ is the simplest and most sensitive. PMID- 1123410 TI - The molecular genetics of mammalian glucuronidase. AB - The genetic factors known to be involved in the final realization of beta glucuronidase activity in mice are considered from the standpoint of structural genes determining the catalytic activity of enzyme molecules as well as the recognition features of enzyme molecules that identify them for subsequent processing by the cell; processing genes determining the cellular apparatus involved with the conjugation, intracellular localization and eventual degradation of enzyme molecules; regulatory genes determining rates of enzyme synthesis, especially in response to physiological signals such as hormones; and temporal genes determining the developmental programs for expression of these classes during growth and differentiation. The properties of genetic variants of beta-glucuronidase falling into each of these classes are described. When those results are considered in concert with the properties of genetic variants known for other mammalian enzymes several generalizations emerge. Structural genes of enzymes are not usually linked to the processing genes determining the post assembly events in the life of that enzyme. In contrast, all of the regulatory and temporal gene sites so far identified are in close proximity to the structural genes they modulate. Regulatory and temporal sites appear to act in a cis fashion to control the amount of enzyme synthesized from the adjacent structural allele on the same chromosome. PMID- 1123411 TI - The genetics and developmental regulation of L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - In addition to reviewing the genetic regulation of L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase during development in the mouse, new evidence is presented that the electrophoretic properties of L-glucerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Mus castaneus are determined by an allele (d) at the Gdc-1 locus. Accordingly there are three alleles at the Gdc-1 locus; the b allele in C57BL/6J mice differs from the d allele in electrophoretic properties and the c allele in BALB/cJ mice differs from the d allele with respect to both heat denaturation and electrophoretic properties. Identical segregation patterns of the L-glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase phenotypes in liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle from offspring of an F2 generation produced from parents with the c/d genotype suggest that the Gdc-1 locus is the major structural locus for L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in these tissues. Heart muscle was pooled from mice of the F2 generation with either c/c or d/d genotypes at the Gdc-1 locus as determined by analysis of liver L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The chromatographic properties of L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the heart muscle was determined on DEAE-cellulose ion exchange columns. The elusion profile of the L glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase indicates that the Gdc-1 locus is also the major structural locus in heart muscle. PMID- 1123413 TI - Children of West Indian Immigrants--II. Intellectual performance and reading attainment. PMID- 1123412 TI - Gene activation during spermatogenesis. AB - Cell differentiation during spermatogenesis in the rat has been analyzed in terms of the formation of specific "marker" enzymes. Hyaluronidase and other acrosomal enzymes are formed in spermatids according to a highly predictable time schedule which may be termed a "molecular biological clock". The acrosomal enzymes beta galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase exist as isoenzyme forms distinct from enzymes with similar substrate specificities in the lysosomes of precursor cells. Differentiation of spermatids thus involves the loss of gene expression for lysosomal enzymes and the activation of genes for acrosomal isoenzymes. Spermatogenesis is characterized by the sequential loss of expression of many genes, as evidenced by the loss of beta-glucuronidase in the differentiation of spermatogonia to spermatocytes, and the loss of uridine diphosphatase activity in the differentiation of spermatocytes to spermatids. The apparent absence of ornithine decarboxylase activity from spermatids suggests a dependence of these cells upon Sertoli cells for the provision of putrescine and/or spermidine. Such biochemical cooperativity among germinal cells may be necessary as the genes of spermatids are repressed and late spermatids become metabolically inactive. Spermatogenesis is also characterized by changes in the cellular content and rates of synthesis and phosphorylation of specific acidic chromatin proteins. It is hypothesized that these proteins may participate in the activation or repression of genes during spermatogenesis. PMID- 1123414 TI - Behavioural indices of frustration in normal and emotionally maladjusted children. PMID- 1123415 TI - Trends in the development of representional play in infants from one to three years--an observational study. PMID- 1123416 TI - Psychological problems in Ugandan school children: a controlled evaluation. PMID- 1123417 TI - The effect of early institutional rearing on the behaviour problems and affectional relationships of four-year-old children. PMID- 1123418 TI - Grid techniques for children. PMID- 1123419 TI - To treat or not to treat. PMID- 1123420 TI - Measuring the benefit of reduced exposure to environmental carcinogens. PMID- 1123421 TI - Do generalized metastases occur directly from the primary? PMID- 1123422 TI - Hypertension testing among high school students. I. Surveillance procedures and results. PMID- 1123423 TI - Registration of myocardial infarction in the city of Goteborg, Sweden. PMID- 1123424 TI - Homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency. Studies of nitrogen balance and sulfur excretion. AB - Apparent nitrogen balances and urinary sulfur excretions were determined for normal subjects, seven cystathionine synthase-deficient patients, and a single cystathioninuric patient on semisynthetic diets containing low-adequate amounts of methionine and very low amounts of methionine and very low amounts (12 mg daily, or less) of cystine. The amounts of supplemental cystine required to prevent abnormally high nitrogen or sulfur losses were determined. The five cystathionine synthase-deficient patients who had low residual activities of this enzyme detected in fibroblast and/or liver extracts did not lose more nitrogen or sulfur on diets virtually devoid of cystine than did the normal subjects. These results suggest that the widely expressed opinion that cystine is an essential amino acid for cystathionine syntase-deficient patients requires modification. Residual enzyme activity of only a few percent of normal may obviate such a cystine requirement. These results are compatible with, and lend support to, the working hypothesis which states that the pyridoxine response in cystathionine synthase-deficient patients is mediated by an increase in the residual activity of the affected enzyme. PMID- 1123425 TI - The effect of estrogen on the lipoprotein lipase activity of rat adipose tissue. AB - The effect of 17beta-estradiol or progesterone administration on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was studied in male and ovariectomized female rats. Lipoprotein lipase activity was measured in acetone-ether-extracted preparations of adipose tissue with doubly labeled (14C-fatty acid, 3H-glyceryl) chylomicron triglyceride as substrate. Administration of 17beta-estradiol to male rats lowered adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity from 8.22 plus or minus 1.8 U/g (1 U = 1 mumol triglyceride hydrolyzed per h) to 4.96 plus or minus 0.5 U/g in the treated group. Ovariectomy increased adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity from 10.4 plus or minus 1.8 U/g in controls to 22.7 plus or minus 4.3 U/g. 17beta-Estradiol administration to ovariectomized rats cuased a marked fall in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity: 17beta-estradiol (2.5 mug/day) lowered the enzyme activity to 9.00 plus or minus 1.2 U/g, whereas 25 mug/day further decreased lipoprotein lipase activity to 3.2 plus or minus 0.6 U/g. Blood triglyceride levels increased from 0.8 plus or minus 0.05 mumol/ml in ovariectomized rats to 1.4 plus or minus 0.09 mumol/ml in 25 mug/day 17beta estradiol-treated rats. Progesterone administration did not affect adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in either male or ovariectomized rats. Heart and lung lipoprotein lipase activity was unaffected by hormone treatment. We suggest that the rise in blood triglyceride concentrations, which accompanies high palsma estrogen levels, could be due to the marked inhibition of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. PMID- 1123426 TI - Evidence that histidine is an essential amino acid in normal and chronically uremic man. AB - The requirement for dietary histidine was investigated in four normal and three chronically uremic men. Subjects lived in a metabolic unit where they were fed three isonitrogenous diets in the following order: a 40-g protein diet (28 plus or minus SD 8 days), a semi-synthetic amino acid diet deficient in histidine (35 plus or minus 2 days), and an amino acid diet which contained histidine (31 plus or minus 5 days). With ingestion of the histidine-deficient diet, nitrogen balance gradually became negative, and serum albumin decreased in six subjects. Plasma histidine fell by 82 plus or minus 6 per cent; muscle histidine decreased by 62 plus or minus 19 per cent; the hematocrit fell by 25 plus or minus 9 per cent; and serum iron rose. Subjects felt unwell, and in five cases a skin lesion consisting of fine scales, dry skin, and mild erythema developed. After administration of the histidine-repletion diet, nitrogen balance became positive in six subjects; serum albumin increased in five cases; plasma and muscle histidine rose; serum iron fell abruptly; a reticulocytosis ensued; and the hematocrit rose. The clinical symptoms and skin lesions disappeared. These observations indicate that histidine is an essential amino acid in normal and chronically uremic man. The absence of dietary histidine is associated with failure of normal erythropoiesis. PMID- 1123427 TI - The influence of hypertonic mannitol on regional myocardial blood flow during acute and chronic myocardial ischemia in anesthetized and awake intact dogs. AB - The influence of hypertonic mannitol on regional myocardial blood flow and ventricular performance was studied during acute myocardial ischemia in awake, unsedated and in anesthesized dogs and after myocardial infarction in awake unsedated dogs. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. Generalized increases in regional myocardial blood flow occurred after mannitol in all of the different animal models studied. The increases in coronary blood flow after mannitol were just as impressive in the nonischemic regions as in the ischemic portion of the left ventricle in all of the different models that were examined in this study. Improvement in regional myocardial blood flow to the ischemic area of the left ventricle after mannitol was associated with a reduction in ST segment elevation during acute myocardial ischemia in anesthetized dogs. The increases in regional myocardial flow after mannitol were also associated with increases in contractility, but the increases in flow appeared to be more impressive than the changes in contractility. The data obtained demonstrate that mannitol increases regional coronary blood flow to both ischemic and nonischemic myocardium in both anesthetized and awake, unsedated, intact dogs with acute and chronic myocardial ischemia and that mannitol reduces ST segment elevation during acute myocardial ischemia in anesthetized dogs. Thus the results suggest that under these circumstances the increases in regional myocardial blood flow after mannitol are of physiological importance in reducing the extent of myocardial injury. Since coronary blood flow increased to nonischemic regions the increases in regional myocardial flow demonstrated in this study after mannitol cannot be entirely explained by the mechanism of reduction in ischemic cell swelling. PMID- 1123428 TI - Isolation and characterization of two hydroxyproline-containing glycoproteins from normal animal lung lavage and lamellar bodies. AB - Two glycopeptides, present in particulate material obtained by pulmonary lavage from normal rabbits, were isolated and characterized. The same two glycopeptides were present in preparations of lamellar bodies from rabbit lung. The estimated molecular weights of the two glycopeptides by sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis were found to be 62,000 and 36,000 and both were found to contain hydroxyproline and relatively high amount of glycine (11 and 15 per cent, respectively). Carbohydrate analysis of the two glycopeptides demonstrated the presence of glucosamine, sialic acid, mannose, Fucose, and galactose. Similar glycopeptides of the same molecular weights, and amino acid and carbohydrate compositions have been found in layage mateial isolated from lungs of patients with alveolar proteinosis. The data indicate that thses two collagen-like glycopeptides are major intra-alveolar proteins in many mammals, including humans. PMID- 1123429 TI - The pathogenesis of arthritis associated with acute hepatitis-B surface antigen positive hepatitis. Complement activation and characterization of circulating immune complexes. AB - Circulating immune complexes were identified in cryoproteins isolated from serial samples of serum from six patients with acute viral hepatitis with and without arthritic symptoms. Cryoprecipitates were analyzed for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis-B surface antibody (anti-HBs) by hemagglutination inhibition and hemagglutination. Complement components were detected by counter electrophoresis, and immunoglobulins were detected by gel diffusion. HBsAg, IgG, and IgM were identified in cryoprecipitates from all hepatitis patients, but were higher in concentration in patients with arthritis. Only cryoprecipitates from hepatitis patients with arthritis contained IgA and complement components C3, C4, and C5 as well as IgG and IgM, which disappear with resolution of the arthritis. The subtypes of IgG in these cryoprecipitates were predominantly the complement-fixing IgG1 and IgG3, HBsAg and anti-HBs were concentrated several-fold in the cryoprecipitates when compared to the serum concentration. Sequential studies in two patients demonstrated that the initial appearance of anti-HBs in the cryoprotein complex was associated with the detection in the complex of IgM suggesting a primary immune response to HBsAg. The C3 activator fragment (C3A) of the properdin complex was found in fresh serum obtained from three hepatitis patients with arthritis and not in uncomplicated hepatitis. The cryoprecipitable immune complexes from patients with arthritis converted C3PA in fresh normal sera to C3A in vitro whereas cryoprotein isolated from patients with uncomplicated hepatitis had no such effect. Thus, the transient appearance of circulating complement-fixing immune complexes in patients with the arthritis of acute hepatitis is associated with activation of both classical and alternate complement pathways and suggests that they play an important role in the pathogenesis of these serum sickness-like extrahepatic symptoms. PMID- 1123430 TI - Effects of the 15-methyl analogs of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha on the pulmonary circulation in the intact dog. AB - The effects of the 15-methul analogs of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on the pulmonary circulation were studied in the intact dog under conditions of controlled blood flow. Infusions of either analog into the lobar artery increased lobar arterial pressure by more than 100 per cent. The rise in lobar arterial pressure was accompanied by a rise in lobar venous pressure and in pressure gradient from lobar artery to small vein but no change in pressure in the left atrium. The methyl analogs were about 10 times more potent than PGE2 and PGF2alpha in elevating pulmonary vascular resistance in the dog. The effects of the analogs on the pulmonary vascular bed were similar in experiments in which the lung was perfused with dextran or with blood. Both analogs contracted isolated helical segments of canine intrapulmonary artery and vein in a dose related manner. In other experiments the effects of passive increases in venous pressure produced by distension of a balloon catheter in the lobar vein were contrasted with the action of the analogs on the pulmonary vascular bed. Balloon distension increased pressure in the lobar artery and small vein but had no effect on pressure in the left atrium. However, in contrast to the increase in gradient with the analogs, balloon distension decreased the pressure gradient from lobar artery to small vein. Results of the present study indicate that the prostaglandin analogs increase pulmonary vascular resistance by actively contricting pulmonary veins and vessels upstream to small veins, presumed to be small arteries. It is concluded that the analogs are potent pressor substances in the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 1123431 TI - H2O2 release from human granulocytes during phagocytosis. I. Documentation, quantitation, and some regulating factors. AB - The extinction of fluorescence of scopoletin during its oxidation by horseradish peroxidase (HPO) provides a highly sensitive and specific assay for small quantities of peroxide in solution. With this assay, the release of free H2O2 into the extracellular medium by phagocytizing human granulocytes has been documented and quantitated, and some of the regulating factors have been determined. Under basal conditions granulocytes released less than 0.01 nmol/ml of H2O2 (2.5 X 10-6 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/ml). Upon the addition of phagocyte particles (latex, opsonized yeast, or staphylococci), an abrupt increase in extracellular peroxide concentration was observed (greater than 50 fold above basal levels) after latencies as short as 10 s. Release reflected increased intracellular H2O2 production during phagocytosis in that it paralleled the respiratory burst and was absent when phagocytosis was prevented or when cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease were utilized. Evidence that scpoletin oxidation occurred predominantly in the extracellular medium was obtained by demonstrating a marked inhibition when HPO was omitted from the reaction mixture or when exogenous catalase was added. Similarly, it was found that exogenous serum also inhibited scopoletin oxidation, apparently because of the presence of competing hydrogen donors. H2O2 formation and release were observed at rates which closely paralleled those of phagocytosis. With O2 consumption as an approximate index of H2O2 formation, the fractions released during maximal rates of particle uptake were calculated as follows: for latex, 15.7%; for staphylococci, 10.3%; and for yeast, 4.9%. It is postulated that release is due to diffusion of free H2O2 from an expanded intracellular pool of this substance that develops during phagocytosis. This poos represents tha net of increased synthesis versus catabolism by various enxymatic pathways for H2O2 disposal within the cells. The close relationship between rates of H2O2 formation and rates of phagocytosis by human granulocytes suggests a role for specialized areas of the cell membrane, involved in particle ingestion, in the trigger mechanism for H2O2 synthesis. The consequences of H2O2 release to other cells or organisms in the immediate environment of phagocytizing granulocytes remain to be determined. PMID- 1123432 TI - Interaction of leukocyte chemotactic factors with the cell surface. I. Chemotactic factor-induced changes in human granulocyte surface charge. AB - The negative surface charge of human granulocytes was diminished after incubation with the chemotactic factors C5a, dialyzable transfer factor, and the enzymes kallikrein and plasminogen activator. No such change was observed after incubation with human IgG, albumin, horeseradish peroxidase, or a mixture of prekallikrein and plaminogen proactivator. Hydrocortisone inhibited the effect of C5a upon granulocyte surface charge and inhibited its chemotactic activity, suggesting that steroids act at the cell surface. The chemotactic inhibitors cholchicine and cytochalsin B had no effect upon granulocyte surface charge, consistent with their presumed effect upon microtubules and microfilaments, respectively. The data suggest that the decrease in cell surface charge may be a preerequiste for normal cell movement. PMID- 1123433 TI - Human adipocyte cholesterol. Concentration, localization, synthesis, and turnover. AB - By analysis of 124 specimens in 16 different patients, isolated human adipocyte cholesterol concentration is highly correlated with fat cell size but not with plasma cholesterol concentration. Less than 6 percent of total cholesterol is esterified; after subcellular fractionation, 88 percent of the cholesterol is recovered in the triglyceride-rich supernatant oil. This latter finding supports the observation that fat cell cholesterol is determined by triglyceride content, and hence by fat cell size. After intravenous administrtion of radioactive cholesterol, the sum of a three-exponential equation was fit simultaneously to both the plasma and adipocyte specific activity time curves in six patients. In five of the six, a slowly turning over pool (pool 3) closely fit the adipocyte data. Two model structures, mammillary and catenary, were fitted to the data. There was no synthesis in pool 3 using a mammillary model but a mean 5.3 percent of the total body production rate was found in compartment 3 if a catenary model was assumed. Although a catenary model is biologically unlikely, it could not be excluded. Obesity is associated with an increased cholesterol synthetic rate equal to 20 mg/day for each kilogram of body fat. To test (by an independent method) if this synthesis might be occurring in adipose tissue, human fat cells were obtained under a wide variety of dietary conditions and incubated in vitro with radioactive glucose or acetate. Incorportation of these precursors into sterol could account for no more than 1 mg cholesterol synthesis/kg fat per day. These in vitro data taken together with the in vivo mammillary compartmental analysis data are compatible with the possiblity that the excess cholesterol synthesis of obesity occurs in pool 1, most likely from hepatic or intestinal sites. PMID- 1123434 TI - A micropuncture study of renal salt and water retention in chronic bile duct obstruction. AB - The mechanism of sodium retention by the kidney in rats with ligation of the common bile duct was studied with micropuncture techniques. 10-14 days after bile duct ligation, rats showed positive sodium balance and ascites formation. Measurements of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate yielded values that were not different from those in normal control animals. Likewise, single nephron filtration rte of surface nephrons was the same in the experimental rats as in the controls. Sodium reabsorption, however, was markedly increased in the proximal convoluted tubule, as well as in segments beyond the proximal convolutions. Single nephron filtration fraction, calculated from measurements of efferent arteriolar and arterial hematocrits, was significantly elevated in the cortical nephrons, even though whole kidney filtration fraction was the same as in normal rats. The calculated protein concentration of cortical peritubular blood was higher in the bile duct-ligated rats than in the normal controls. The observations are consistent with the view that sodium retention is the result of enhanced reabsorption primarily by cortical nephrons. The enhanced reabsorption can be accounted for by relative cortical ischemia due to efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction with the consequent elevation of peritubular colloid oncotic pressure. PMID- 1123435 TI - A sensitive technique by differential scanning for detecting haemoglobins of fetal origin. AB - A simple modification is made to the ultraviolet scanning technique for the detection of the tryptophan notch which is characteristic of haemoglobins of fetal origin. This involves a differential scan using Hb A solution in the reference compartment. This technique has all the advantages of the standard scan method but extends the scope of it by being much more sensitive and decisive. PMID- 1123436 TI - The flora of renal haemodialysis shunt sites. AB - During investigations of the microbial flora of the skin over haemodialysis shunt sites it has not proved possible to predict clinical infection by a preceding colonization of the shunt site with a pathogenic organism. The normal non pathogenic flora of the sites is not specifically related to the flora of other sites on the body though Staphylococcus aureus on a shunt site appeared to be acquired principally from the nose when the shunt was in the arm or from the perineum when the shunt was in the leg. Cimino shunt sites had a greater density of organisms than did Scribner shunt sites; this may be related to the disinfection procedures. PMID- 1123438 TI - Indexing and filing of pathological illustrations. AB - An inexpensive feature card retrieval system has been combined with the Systematised Nomenclature of Pathology (SNOP) to provide simple but efficient means of indexing and filing 2 in. x 2 in. transparencies within a department of pathology. Using this system 2400 transparencies and the associated index cards can be conveniently stored in one drawer of a standard filing cabinet. PMID- 1123439 TI - Haematological changes in active chronic hepatitis with reference to the role of the spleen. AB - The haematological role of the spleen has been investigated in a series of 22 patients with active chronic hepatitis. Severe pancytopenia occurred in one patient after three years of steroid therapy and this episode was associated with an increase in spleen size and a high splenic index of red cell destruction. Although the spleen was usually enlarged in the remainder of treated and untreated patients no others showed increased splenic haemolysis. The red cell survival was slightly reduced in most patients but splenic pooling of red cells and expansion of the plasma volume did not significantly reduce the haematocrit level. No consistent haematological differences were detected between the untreated and the treated patients. PMID- 1123437 TI - Intact and fragmented intracellular immunoglobulin in a case of non-secretory myeloma. AB - A patient is described with myeloma without paraproteinaemia or Bence Jones proteinuria in whom the tumour cells have been shown to contain monoclonal immunoglobulin. The use of immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has established, apparently for the first time, that the immunoglobulin components are present in the form of intact molecules and free light chains. PMID- 1123440 TI - A simple device for washing out radioimmunoassay tubes. PMID- 1123441 TI - Letter: concentration of protein solutions. PMID- 1123442 TI - Letter: methods for measuring serum gentamicin concentrations. PMID- 1123443 TI - Segmental glomerulonephritis. AB - The renal biopsy findings in 40 patients with segmental glomerulonephritis are reported. The term is used to describe a condition in which one or more segments of the glomerular tuft is involved by disease when other segments appear unaffected on light microscopy. The word 'focal' is not used as it may be taken to imply that the changes affect some glomeruli but not others and the evidence for this is not convincing. Segmental glomerulonephritis was a relatively common finding in cases of proteinuria with or without the nephrotic syndrome. The severity of the glomerular changes did not correlate with the ultimate prognosis. On the other hand the tubular and interstitial changes, as assessed by a grading procedure and by point counting, were significantly less severe in those patients who showed clinical recovery than in those who did not. PMID- 1123444 TI - An ultrastructural study of the urinary bladder in children correlated with histological, bacteriological, and clinical findings. AB - Bladder biopsies from six boys without a history of urinary tract infection were taken during hypospadias repair operations and examined by electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the epithelium, which was presumed to represent the normal, is described in detail and compared with the reported findings in other mammalian species. The appearances are generally similar although in our material the luminal membrane of the superficial cells was thicker than that surrounding the other epithelial cells but not asymmetrical. We observed membrane-coating granules which have not been reported before in bladder epithelium. The appearances of the normal bladder are compared to those seen in 24 children with urinary infection. In the presence of acute infection in large heterogeneous secondary lysosomes which are present in the intermediate and superficial cells of the normal bladder are reduced in number and the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum is increased. PMID- 1123445 TI - Herniation of mucosal epithelium into the submucosa in chronic ulcerative colitis. AB - Herniation of the glandular epithelium into the submucosa has been observed in 11 out of 27 cases of chronic ulcerative colitis. Glandular herniation was associated with thickening of the muscularis mucosae, with interruption of the muscularis mucosae by lymphoid follicles, and, in five of the 11 cases, with significant crowding of the glands of the mucosa. This study strongly suggests that sustained contraction of the muscularis mucosae, which has been shown by others to be a major feature of chronic ulcerative colitis, is the prime factor in the formation of downgrowths or herniations of the glandular epithelium into the submucosa. Comparison of the cases in which cancer developed with those where there was glandular herniation led to the conclusion that they are independent associations of chronic ulcerative colitis, and that glandular herniation plays no part in the development of dysplasia or cancer. PMID- 1123446 TI - Detection of tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Bacteriological details are given of a patient with chronic purulent bronchitis, who was being followed up during a survey of relapse in chronic bronchitis. A strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype 10, was isolated from the sputum over a period of six months, followed by a type 47A strain and later a type 28 strain. The patient was receiving prophylactic treatment with tetracycline throughout. The type 10 strain was sensitive to tetracycline in vitro by both the disc diffusion and doubling dilution sensitivity tests and mice infected with this strain were protected by tetracycline. In contrast, both the type 47A and type 28 strains were sensitive by the disc diffusion technique, but showed a low degree of tetracycline resistance by the doubling dilution method; mice infected with both these strains were not protected by tetracycline. PMID- 1123447 TI - The efficacy of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy and its laboratory assessment. AB - The activated partial thromboplastin time is compared with the corresponding prothrombin ratio in 6378 samples of platelet-poor plasma from 446 patients treated for a total of more than 4500 patient/months with oral anticoagulatnts. A relative decrease in the activated partial thromboplastin time following deep vein thrombosis is described, which tends to become less obvious during the first year of treatment and is greater in older patients. Although this relative decrease is also found in patients treated after cerebrovascular accidents, it is not found in patients treated after myocardial infarction or in patients with mitral valve disease treated prophylactically with long-term oral anticoagulants. It is though possible that these changes following deep vein thrombosis might be useful in helping to determine the duration of oral anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 1123448 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of heterozygous beta thalassaemia. PMID- 1123449 TI - Available assays for serum thyroxine and for serum uptake tests. PMID- 1123450 TI - The radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine and its clinical application. PMID- 1123451 TI - Technical aspects of the radioimmunoassay of thyrotrophin. PMID- 1123452 TI - Tests of thyroid function in vivo. PMID- 1123453 TI - Cardiovascular drug interactions. AB - Drug interactions may be responsible for certain changes in therapeutic response and toxicity of cardiac drugs. Interactions occur at the sites of drug absorption and elimination as well as at the receptor sites in the pacemaker cells, specialized conducting tissue, and myocardium. Studies of the kinetics of cardiac drugs are being applied clinically in an effort to reduce the danger of adverse drug interactions in heart patients. PMID- 1123454 TI - Interactions of drugs and laboratory tests. PMID- 1123455 TI - Rheoencephalographic and other studies of betahistine in humans: I. The cerebral and peripheral circulatory effects of single doses in normal subjects. AB - Two groups of six young normal male subjects were studied by an improved form of rheoencephalography (intracranial rheoncephalography), by photoplethysmography, and by impedance plethysmography to investigate the possible effects of single doses of betahistine hydrochloride (SERC) and placebo on the normal human cranial, cerebral, scalp, and calf circulations. Two subjects participated in both groups. The results of the two studies were similar and were combined for this presentation. One subject reported slight transient faintness and visual blurring after 20 mg of the drug. No other adverse or side effects were encountered. The results show that the drug causes definite, strong, reproducible, and dose-related responses in the studied circulations, typically those of decreases in their waveform amplitudes and pulse propagation times. Betahistine hydrochloride thus acts as a potent cerebral and peripheral microcirculatory vasodilator in normal humans when given orally. Split-dose studies indicate that responses followed each dose and that the second response was superimposed on the first. The value of using betahistine hydrochloride in overlapping doses is suggested. Atypical cranial, cerebral, scalp, and calf amplitude increases were found in some high-dosage (16-mg) trials. These increases may indicate that betahistine hydrochloride can also act as an arterial vasodilator in sufficiently high dosage, but they equally may indicate that sufficiently profound microcirculatory vasodilatation can elicit secondary arterial circulatory increases. PMID- 1123456 TI - Rheoencephalographic and other studies of betahistine in humans: II. The crerbral and peripheral microcirculatory effects of single doses in geriatric patients with "pure" arteriosclerotic dementia. PMID- 1123457 TI - A brief self-assessing depression scale. AB - The Wang-Self-Assessing Depression Scale (SADS) was devised to provide a brief self-rating form for measuring depressive symptomatology. The present study compares the SADS with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) to assess reliability and relative ease of completion. Ninety-three ratings on each scale were obtained from a subject group that included normal volunteers and patients with differing degrees of depression. The paired t-test showed no significant difference between mean SDS scores and mean SADS scores for normal volunteers or subjects rated at any of the four depression levels. Positive correlation was demonstrated between tsds scores and SADS scores for depressed and normal subjects. The period of time required to complete the Wang SADS was found to be significantly shorter than for the Zung SDS, while the number of errors and requests for additional assistance were significantly lower. It was felt that these differences would constitute an advantage in the clinical use of the Wang SADS for diagnosing, evaluating, and monitoring the progress of depressed inpatients and outpatients. PMID- 1123458 TI - Plasma levels of a new pelletized form of amitriptyline for maintenance therapy. AB - Plasma levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline were measured in volunteers after one week of daily dosage with either 25 mg t.i.d. of standard amitriptyline tablets or a single 75-mg capsule of a new pelletized form of amitriptyline. Concentrations of both compounds were essentially equal at the end of one week's dosage with either dosage form but were somewhat higher throughout the dosing time interval for the pelletized drug. PMID- 1123459 TI - Kinetics of salicylates in blood and joint fluid. AB - Samples of blood and joint fluid from 30 patients who had taken acetylsalicylic acid were examined for concentrations of total salicylates. The data were arranged in groups according to diagnosis of the joint disease. Analysis of the data did not show significant differences in the kinetics of total salicylates into blood. In groups, the time to first appearance of 0.3 mg/liter averaged 6 minutes, and levels "close to maximum" concentration averaged about 23.0 mg/liter. Time to first appearance of 0.3 mg/liter of total salicylates in joint lfuid ranged from 10 to 31 minutes. The average level of maximum concentration of total salicylates in joint fluid was 14.8 mg/liter. Transport of total salicylates from blood to joint fluid showed a pattern consistent with the type of joint disease. Support was found for the hypothesis that diffusion was the major factor in the process of movement of total salicylates from blood to joint fluid. The histopathologic changes in different types of synovitis influenced the biophysical properties of the inner part of the joint capsule. PMID- 1123460 TI - Clinical effects of pentazocine in hospitalized medical patients. AB - Of 17,068 hospitalized medical patients monitored in a drug surveillance program, 616 (3.6 per cent) received pentazocine hydrochloride orally and 816 (4.8 per cent) received pentazocine lactate parenterally during one or more admissions. Unsatisfactory analgesic efficacy as judged by each patient's physician was nearly twice as frequent among recipients of pentazocine lactate as among recipients of parenteral morphine or meperidine. Adverse reactions were attributed to pentazocine hydrochloride in 18 recipients (2.9 per cent) and to pentazocine lactate in 37 recipients (4.5 per cent). Neuropsychiatric effects were the most common; they included hallucinations, bizarre feelings, disorientation, and agitation. These effects were dose dependent and frequently serious in nature. Minor gastro-intestinal effects were the second most common adverse reactions. PMID- 1123461 TI - Why women kill. PMID- 1123462 TI - Cytoarchitecture of the optic tectum in the nurse shark. AB - The cytoarchitecture of the optic tectum of the nurse shark is described and related to the arrangements of afferents from retina, telencephalon and contralateral tectum. Its lamination is not pronounced when compared to tecta of most other non-mammalian species but more comparable to those of mammals. The absence of highly differentiated cells such as pyramidal and true horizontal cells is perhaps correlated with the poor differentiation in general, including the apparent partial overlap of inputs. Some neurons near the midline were found to possess dendrites extending into the contralateral tectum. PMID- 1123463 TI - Quantitative relationships between nerve and satellite cells in spinal ganglia: an electron microscopical study. II. Reptiles. AB - In the spinal ganglia of two species of reptiles (gecko and lizard) the volume of the perikaryal satellite cell sheath was found directly proportional both to the volume and surface area of the related neuronal body. This result agrees with that obtained in a previous research on two species of mammals (cat and rabbit). A quantitative balance between neuronal bodies and their associated glial tissue therefore exists also in the spinal ganglia of zoological species phylogenetically quite distant from mammals. The quantitative relationship between glial and nerve tissue was found to be lower in the gecko and lizard than in the cat and rabbit. This difference could have a phylogenetic significance, and/or it could be explained by the lower metabolic rate in the nervous system of the poikilotherms in respect to mammals. PMID- 1123464 TI - Autoradiographic investigations of glial proliferation in the brain of adult mice. II. Cycle time and mode of proliferation of neuroglia and endothelial cells. AB - The cycle time of the proliferating glial cells outside the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricle as well as that of endothelial cells was studied autoradiographically in the brains of adult and untreated mice. To determine the mean cycle time two independent methods were used. A mean cycle time of about 20 hours was obtained for glial and endothelial cells from the decrease of the mean grain number/nucleus as a function of time after tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) injection. Another group of experiments utilized the "method of labeled S phases". With this method the passage of labeled cells through successive S phases is observed. Passing through S phase following 3H-TdR injection the 3H labeled cells are double labeled by an additional 14C-TdR injection. This method again resulted in a cycle time of 20 hours for glial and endothelial cells. From the present work and a former study (Korr et al., '73) the following cell cycle parameters were derived: Cycle time 20 hours; S phase 9.4 hours; G2 less than three hours; (G2+M) five hours; G1 five hours. The growth fraction of glial cells related to all glial cells is only 0.004. Furthermore, the present experiments show that in the case of glial cells 17% of the daughter cells after mitosis become pyknotic and are eliminated from the glial cell population. Apart from this cell loss, after mitosis about one-fourth of the daughter cells do not enter the next S phase. These cells leave the growth fraction and are replaced by a corresponding number of non-proliferating glial cells. There is a relatively extensive permanent exchange of cells between the growth fraction and non-growth fraction of glial cell. PMID- 1123465 TI - The inferior olivary nucleus of the opossum (Didelphis marsupialis virginiana), its organization and connections. AB - Although the inferior olivary nucleus of the opossum is small, sections stained either for Nissl substance, normal axons or cholinesterase activity reveal distinct medial, dorsal and principal nuclei. The medial nucleus contains three major subdivisions (labelled a, b, c after Bowman and Sladek, '73) and a group of neurons which is comparable to the cap of Kooy. In contrast to the cat and monkey, the major portion of the "medial" nucleus (subgroup a) lies lateral to the principal nucleus in rostral sections. The dorsal nucleus can also be subdivided, as can the principal nucleus which contains distinct dorsal and ventral lamellae. A small area is identified which based on position and connections may conform to the dorsal medial cell group. The experimental portion of the study provides evidence for an olivary projection from the motor-sensory cortex and a massive input from the midbrain (red nucleus, pretectum, midbrain tegmentum). In addition, the opossum inferior olive receives fibers from the deep cerebellar nuclei (cerebellar feedback loops), the spinal cord and the dorsal column nuclei. Of particular interest is the finding that fibers from the nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis have distinctly different olivary targets and that those from the nucleus gracilis, but not the cuneate nucleus, overlap (in part, at least) with the direct spinal fibers. Other examples of overlapping fields of terminal degeneration are present and are discussed. In general our results reveal that although certain relationships between the nuclear divisions are different, the opossum olive conforms well to that of placental mammals and provides a basic mammalian model for future experimental electron microscopic and physiological studies. PMID- 1123466 TI - Cell death in the development of the lateral motor column of the chick embryo. AB - Cell counts were made in the lumbar lateral motor column (l.m.c.) of chick embryos of 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 18 days of incubation and five days posthatching (n equal 68). Only nuclei with nucleoli were counted and corrections were made for double counting (Abercrombie, '46). The population attains a peak value of over 20,000 cells (corrected figure: over 17,000) at 5.5-6.5 days equal stages 28 and 29 (Hamburger and Hamilton, '51). The l.m.c. loses between 7,000 and 8,000 cells between days 6.5 and 9.5, (between stages 29 and 36). In other words, 60% of the population survive. A plateau of approximately 12,300 cells (corrected figure: 10,300) is maintained through five days posthatching. Massive cell degeneration was observed in 7- and 8-day embryos. Counts of distinctly pyknotic cells indicate that at least 5-6% of the total population is in the process of degeneration at any particular time. This figure is probably an underestimation; hence it is virtually certain that the depletion of the l.m.c. is due entirely to cell death. Arguments are preue to the failure of their axons to survive in a competition process at the periphery. Observations of the time pattern of muscle differentiation and their neurotization in the leg further endorse this hypothesis. However, it is not clear whether the axons compete for contact sites on muscle fibers or for a "trophic" agent. PMID- 1123467 TI - Interspecies study on the effect of perphenazine on milk yield and composition. AB - The effects on lactation of perphenazine, a tranquillizer which increases the level of prolactin in the blood, have been studied in cows, goats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. The drug caused a significant depression of milk yield in cows, goats and rabbits, but was without effect on the milk yield of guinea-pigs. It seems probable that the inhibitory effects on lactation were due to the actions of the drug on appetite and behaviour. It is concluded that perphenazine, because of its other actions, is not a suitable agent for studying the physiological effects of increased levels of endogenous prolactin. PMID- 1123468 TI - Influence of sympathomimetic drugs on the motility of bovine teat muscles. AB - Spontaneous rhythmical contractions of the teats of living cows were recorded by a plethysmographical method. These contractions were inhibited by isoproterenol, adrenaline, isoxsuprine and phentolamine, but were activated by phenylephrine. Noradrenaline induced activation which was often followed by inhibition. These results obtained in vivo were in agreement with responses obtained in vitro. Apparently beta sympathomimetic effects are evoked easily under in vivo conditions. PMID- 1123469 TI - Preparation and properties of alpha S-casein from buffalo's milk. AB - Buffalo alpha S-casein (alpha-sb) was found to be heterogenous; on starch gel urea electrophoresis 4 electrophoretic components were detected. The alpha-sb fraction was isolated by urea and alcohol fractionation. A preparation containing only the 2 main components was obtained by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Its amino acid pattern was different from that of cow alpha s1-casein. The fraction was also free of carbohydrate, cystine and cysteine. Buffalo alpha-sb-casein was less stable than cow alpha s-casein in solutions containing Ca, and the maximum stability of the alpha s-/k-casein complex occurred at a lower Ca concentration. PMID- 1123470 TI - Autoxidation in milk rich in linoleic acid. I. An objective method of measuring autoxidation and evaluating antioxidants. AB - Autoxidation was studied in milk obtained from cows fed on formaldehyde-treated casein-safflower oil supplement. The fat of this milk contained high levels of linoleic acid. A rapid disappearance of dissolved oxygen (DO), measured by using a oxygen electrode, from milk samples stored at 0 degrees C in tubes without head space, coincided with the development of oxidized flavours detected organoleptically. A correlation coefficient of 0.9 with 69 degrees of freedom (P smaller than 0.001) was obtained between the amount of DO disappearing and the taste panel scores for oxidized flavours. Butylated hydroxyanisole, sesamol, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, ethoxyquin, or butylated hydroxyanisole with propylgallate or tocopherols, when added in emulsified form to the milk at the rate of 10-15 mg/l milk checked the development of oxidized flavours and the rapid disappearance of DO. Other antioxidants tested were either ineffective or imparted off-flavours to milk. Samples of mare's milk neither developed oxidized flavours nor showed rapid disappearance of DO over a test period of 8 d. The oxygen electrode provides a convenient and sensitive method for studying autoxidation and evaluating antioxidants in milk. PMID- 1123471 TI - Heat, ethnic differences, and creativity in the Negev desert. PMID- 1123472 TI - Differences and changes among college classes (freshman through graduate levels) in self-ratings of a quality student. PMID- 1123473 TI - Use of direct instructions to modify hypnotic performance: the effects of programmed learning procedures. PMID- 1123474 TI - Schizophrenic cognitive deficit as a function of scoring standards. PMID- 1123475 TI - Associative strength as a mode of organization in recall and recognition: a comparison of schizophrenics and normals. PMID- 1123476 TI - An abbreviated form of the Phillips Rating Scale of Premorbid Adjustment in Schizophrenia. PMID- 1123477 TI - Negativism in verbal and nonverbal responses of autistic children. PMID- 1123478 TI - Effects of stimulation intensity on sociopathic avoidance learning. PMID- 1123479 TI - Stimuli controlling maladaptive consummatory behavior in infant dogs. PMID- 1123480 TI - Juvenile delinquents then and now: comparison of findings from 1959 and 1974. PMID- 1123482 TI - Comments on ethical considerations in "self-control techniques as an alternative to pain medication". PMID- 1123481 TI - Self-control techniques as an alternative to pain medication. PMID- 1123483 TI - Was deception justified--and was it necessary? Comments on "self-control techniques as an alternative to pain medication". PMID- 1123484 TI - Ethical considerations in the application of self-control techniques. PMID- 1123486 TI - Neural responses in the inferior colliculus of albino rat to binaural stimuli. PMID- 1123485 TI - Self-control and therapist-control: the medical model in behavioral clothing. PMID- 1123487 TI - One- and two-frequency stimulation of tactile receptors: test of a model. PMID- 1123488 TI - Duration-intensity reciprocity for equal loudness. PMID- 1123489 TI - Basilar membrane and middle-ear vibration in guinea pig measured by capacitive probe. PMID- 1123490 TI - Dichotic masking of consonants by vowels. PMID- 1123491 TI - Normal modes in vocal cord tissues. PMID- 1123492 TI - Assessment of hearing handicap: comment on the "Kryterseries.". PMID- 1123493 TI - Nasal mucosal hyperpermeability to macromolecules in atopic rhinitis and extrinsic asthma. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that patients with atopic rhinitis and extrinsic asthma have a nasal mucous membrane defect that allows inhaled macromolecules access to immunocompetent cells. Three groups were studied: normal subjects, patients with extrinsic asthma, and patients with atopic rhinitis. Albumin 125I(20 muc) was applied to the nasal mucosa and venous blood samples were drawn at set intervals up to 4 hours. Thirty-two minutes after administration, a significantly greater percentage of the dose was found in the plasma of patients with atopic rhinitis than in that of normal subjects (p smaller than 0.001). Transport of intact albumin across the nasal mucosa was demonstrated by dialysis, gel filtration, and immunopercipitation experiments in 3/9 normal subjects, 1/9 patients with asthma, and 9/10 patients with rhinitis (p smaller than 0.02). These studies suggest that large, potentially antigenic molecules pass more readily across the nasal mucous membrane of patients with allergic rhinitis than that of normal subjects. No increase in nasal transport was seen in patients with extrinsic asthma. It has not been determined whether this defect is a cause or an effect of atopic rhinitis. PMID- 1123494 TI - Guidelines for the asthmatic patient during air pollution episodes. PMID- 1123495 TI - Growth of asthmatic children during treatment with alternate-day steriods. AB - The effects of specific doses of alternate-day treatment with prednisone on linear growth were evaluated in children with severe asthma. It was found that even the control patients who did not receive steroid therapy had heights that were significantly lower than those of normal children of the same age and sex. The average severity of growth suppression in children who received alternate-day or intermittent treatment with steriods did not differ from that of asthmatic control patients. However, evaluation of individual patterns of growth during the follow-up period revealed that children who received small doses of alternate-day treatment (mean dose of prednisone, 9 mg. q.o.d.; range, 2.5 to 14 mg.) had acceleration of growth, whereas children who received larger treatment doses (mean dose of prednisone, 30 mg. q.o.d.; range, 18 to 58 mg.) had further suppression of growth during the period of study. Additionally, patients who had previously been treated with daily corticosteroids failed to demonstrate "catch up" growth after introduction of an alternate-day program (mean dose of prednisone, 17 mg. q.o.d.). PMID- 1123496 TI - Measurement of the prevalence of respiratory allergies by interview questionnaire. AB - A recent publication of the National Center for Health Statistics estimated the prevalence of asthma in 1970 to be 30.2 per 1,000 noninstitutionalized population, and of hay fever (without asthma) as 54.2 per 1,000. These and other data on chronic respiratory conditions were obtained by means of a household survey employing lay interviewers and a standardized questionnaire. There may be a gap between the intended meaning of the key question-did the individual have a chronic condition during the past 12 months-and the respondent's understanding of it. As a consequence, some of those who have been asymptomatic in the recent past may have excluded themselves. Even among people with the chronic condition who have seen a physician about it during the prior year, significant numbers fail to report it to the interviewer, according to validation studies. A method is suggested for making rough adjustments for these undercounts. It results in raising the estimated prevalence to 43.0 for asthma and 71.1 for hay fever. These revisions are dependent on necessarily subjective assumptions about the magnitude of the biases involved. PMID- 1123497 TI - Chronic urticaria. PMID- 1123498 TI - The dietetic paraprofessional and the external degree. Report on work in progress. AB - The "University without Walls", i.e., the external degree earned by work off campus, is a relatively new but increasingly important development in higher education. At Pennsylvania State University, such a program leading to an associate degree is being developed for the dietetic technician. Through correspondence study for credit and other avenues, dietetic paraprofessionals can prepare themselves for upgrading to supervisory roles calling for academic preparation. The need is particularly apparent in view of recently issued requirements that supervisory foodservice personnel in extended care facilities have 90 clock hours of instruction. The projected curriculum will permit the earning of credits by correspondence; through courses taught by multi-media; by transferring courses from other institutions; or by examination. Elements of the curriculum planning are detailed. PMID- 1123499 TI - Comparison of Type A and nutrient standard menus for school lunch. I. Development of the nutrient standard method (NSM). AB - Methodology was developed for planning school lunch menus which meet a specific nutrient standard. The method considered nine indicator nutrients plus calories and percentage of calories coming from fat. The nutrient composition of approximately 625 school lunch menu items were calculated using Agriculture Handbook No. 8 data. All nutrient data were converted to bead units which were summed on an abacus until the meal requirements were met. Preliminary testing of the method showed it to be usable by school lunch menu planners and provided menus meeting certain minimal nutrient constraints. After the test, suggested modifications were incorporated into the method to enhance its use. The method is described and a sample week's given. PMID- 1123500 TI - Comparison of Type A and nutrient standard menus for school lunch. II. Management aspects. AB - An extensive study compared school lunches planned to meet a specific nutrient standard (NSM) with those planned according to the Type A pattern. Average daily participation, food and labor costs, accuracy of the menus, and differences in the four-week menus between the two methods are reported. Twenty-nine menu planners representing a variety of living environments quickly learned the NSM method and enthusiastically planned and served the Type A and NSM test menus to fifth and tenth grade students. Type A data were collected in the fall and NSM data in the spring of the 1972-73 academic year. Changing from Type A to NSM menu planning resulted in no significant change in lunch participation or food and labor costs. Work functions also did not vary significantly when the menu planning method was changed. Menu planners of varying education and experience successfully planned accurate NSM menus and endorsed the method as an exciting and viable alternative to the Type A pattern. Sixty per cent preferred NSM due to its nutrient assurance, flexibility, and potential for nutrition education. PMID- 1123501 TI - Comparison of Type A and nutrient standard menus for school lunch. III. Nutritive content of menus and acceptability. AB - The caclulated nutritional value of school lunches for fifth and tenth grade students planned according to the Type A pattern and a nutrient standard (NSM) WEre compared on the basis of meals as planned, served, and eaten. On an "as eaten" basis, menus planned by both methods were low in calories, iron, and thiamin. Although the differences were small, the NSM menus were consistently higher in nutrients, including calories, iron, and thiamin, and lower in percentage of calories coming from fat. The number of schools where the lunches, on the average, furnished less than 60 per cent of the standard for calories, iron, and thiamin was significantly less for NSM than for Type A. Animportant reason for the higher level of nutrients in NSM menus was that a higher ratio of food planned was actually served. In addition, in the case of iron, a higher nutrient: calorie ratio was observed. Food ratings, as determined in the classroom before the meal, correlated positively with food consumption as determined by plate waste analyses. Milk beverages had the highest ratings and consumption, followed by starches, baked goods, sandwiches, and entrees. Salads and vegetables were rated low and consumed least. PMID- 1123502 TI - Entry-level clinical dietetic practice as viewed by clients and allied professionals. A pilot study. AB - This study was carried out to ascertain whether nutritional care clients and the professionals who serve them hold similar views related to clinical activities performed by entry-level clinical dietitians. Questionnaires were sent to clinical dietitians, their clients, educators, and employers. Clients were asked to state how dietitians had helped them. Dietitians, educators, and employers were asked to rate client-identified activities and other selected activities of dietitians according to their importance to the delivery of nutritional care. Dietitians were also asked to rate these same activities according to the relative time spent in performing them. There was significant agreement among all participating groups on the relative importance attached to client-identified activities, and also among dietitians, educators, and employers as to the relative importance attached to all activities under investigation. The data also imply that the importance dietitians place on an activity will affect the time spent in that activity. It is hoped that this study can be replicated periodically, to provide a dynamic research base for the development of educational objectives based on changing performance requirements which reflect changing client needs. PMID- 1123503 TI - Eating habits and opinions of teen-agers on nutrition and obesity. AB - Opinions about good nutrition, causes of obesity and its prevention, as well as certain eating habits, were studied in 482 Israeli children (251 boys and 231 girls), thirteen to fourteen years old. Height, weight, and triceps skinfolds were measured. Mean relative weight and relative logarithmic skinfold thickness were close to standard, although 8 per cent of the boys and 9 per cent of the girls weighed more than 120 per cent of standard weight for their age and sex. Weight was closely associated with skinfold thickness. Over two-thirds of both boys and girls believed that daily consumption of milk, bread, fruits, eggs, cheese, meat, and tomatoes is desirable, and about two-thirds stated that overeating is a cause of obesity. More overweight than thin and normal-weight children indicated that, to prevent obesity, all kinds of food are permissible, but only in limited amounts. Most children believed in the fattening value of cakes, sweets, fried and fatty food, potatoes, bread, and nuts. The belief in the fattening value of potatoes, bread, and nuts was shared by a higher percentage of overweight than of under- and normal-weight children. Overweight children, particularly girls, reported eating less bread, cake, and cream, adding less sugar to beverages, and eating sweets and ice cream less frequently than thin and normal-weight children. A higher percentage of the obese group reported skipping one meal and eating no snack at school. Overweight teen-agers appear to be more conscious of their food intake than under- and normal-weight children. PMID- 1123504 TI - A self-feeding program for geriatric patients in a skilled nursing facility. PMID- 1123505 TI - Position paper on food and nutrition misinformation on selected topics. PMID- 1123506 TI - Calcium and phosphorus in diet therapy of uremia. AB - Significant advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy. Several factors play a role in the development of uremic bone disease, such as secondary hyperparathyroidism, PTH resistance at the level of bone, abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism, and factors contributing to extraosseous calcification. Through a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms, a more rational approach to the dietary management of patients with chronic renal failure has been possible. In view of present knowledge, the following preventive and therapeutic interventions can be recommended: provision of liberal calcium intake in the diet, appropriate restriction of phosphorus intake, provision of potent vitamin D analogs, and close attention to the calcium phosphorus product. With careful attention to these recommendations, the bone lesions of secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia may be minimized and even prevented. PMID- 1123507 TI - Composition of diets containing 25 and 35 per cent calories from fat. Analyzed vs. calculated values. AB - In a dietary study conducted to evaluate the effects of low-fat, low-cholesterol diets on the reduction of blood lipids in man, meals were analyzed for proximate composition, ten vitamins, fourteen minerals and trace minerals, fatty acids, tocopherols, and cholesterol; Validity of the calculated nutrient composition of the diets was assessed by comparing calculated with determined values. Comparisons were also made of the determined values with 1974 Recommended Dietary Allowances. Analyzed values and those calculated from Agriculture Handbood No. 8 were exceptionally close, except for calcium; By analysis, on a per-kilogram basis, the 35-per-cent-fat-calorie diet more nearly met the Recommended Dietary Allowances for most of the nutrients than did the 25-per-cent-fat-calorie diet. However, on a per-1,000-kcal basis, there were few differences between nutrients in diets with the two levels of fat calories. PMID- 1123508 TI - Comprehensive evaluation of fatty acids in foods. I. Dairy products. AB - A thorough search of the post-1960 world's literature has produced a voluminous amount of information of the fatty acid content of milk fat. The composition and quantity of fat in cow's milk are affected by many variables, including breed, nutrition, stage of lactation, and season. Seasonal fluctuation in fatty acid content was considered in compiling data. Data were evaluated with reference to adequacy of esterification procedure and gas chromatographic analysis. Techniques for converting methyl ester data to a form suitable for food table use are illustrated. The detailed fatty acid profile of milk fat derived through the current study is presented. Reliable and up-to-date tables of fatty acids in dairy and selected non-milk fat products are provided for the use of dieticians, nutritionists, and workers in food technology and related fields. PMID- 1123509 TI - Nutritional status of black preschool children in Mississippi. Assessment by food frequency scale. AB - Food frequency data were studied in relation to the nutritional status of 372 black preschool children in three Mississippi counties. The following data were utilized: quantitative dietary intakes for four or seven days, from which intakes of eight nutrients and energy were calculated and frequency of consumption of all individual foods was obtained; and anthropometric (height) and biochemical (hemoglobin) meausres. Six Guttman scales of food consumption frequencies were constructed: in four scales, all foods consumed in four or seven days were assigned to one of nine food groups which formed scale steps; two scales represented foods from single food groups--breads and milk and milk products. The wide range of individual consumption frequencies required special handling of the data, using a method devised by TenHouten in his work on scale gradient analysis. Kendall's tau correlation coefficients were calculated for relationships between all scales and commonly used indicators of nutritional status, including calculated intakes of eight nutrients and energy, height percentiles, and hemoglobin values. Two total food consumption scales based on seven-day dietary intakes were valid indicators of nutritional status, i.e., the scales were significantly correlated with all three indicators of nutritional status. The milk scale was significantly correlated woth two total food consumption scales, height percentiles, and nine calculated intakes; this finding suggests that a milk scale warrants further investigation. This research focused on relationships between the food scales and nutritional status indicators as an initial step in a study of overall family development. According to the family development model, the food scales and scales dealing with other areas of home and family life are all measuring the capacity of the family to process information. The food scale alone, which has meaning for both the nutritionist and the sociologist, has implications for nutrition education in determining what to teach, selecting teachers, and evaluating change in food practices. PMID- 1123510 TI - Profiles of the future for administrative dietitians via the Delphi Technique. PMID- 1123511 TI - Tomorrow's system--the food factory--today. PMID- 1123512 TI - Primordial follicles with normal oocytes in the ovaries of postmenopausal women. AB - In ultrastructural studies, the ovaries of postmenopausal women were compared with those of pre- and perimenopausal women. Primordial follicles containing apparently normal oocytes were found in all postmenopausal ovary samples. Differentiating follicles were often found in these samples, but they were in various states of atresia. The findings suggest that the menopause does not result exclusively from exhausation of the primordial follicles. PMID- 1123513 TI - Medical planners and the geriatric imperative. AB - The health needs of old people demand a change in the attitudes of physicians and social planners. There is a great gap between complicated models for health care and the delivery of that care to the ill elderly. Physicians should have better training in geriatrics in better and more coordinated facilities. Home health services are important. However, it is essential to avoid false starts and to adhere to sound principles. This is the job of the planners rather than the prophets; it is the geriatric imperative. PMID- 1123514 TI - The longevity of gerontologists. AB - The forces of mortality are the prime determinants of longevity. Longevity is a basic consideration of gerontology and includes the life expectancy of the species, the average expectancy of survival at birth, and the average of lifespan. In the history of the study of old age, for which the modern period began about 1930, there are no reports of the average lifespan for the students of aging. A survey revealed that the average lifespan of 28 special groups (15,000 individuals) was 68 years; this included an average of 68.01 years for 394 gerontologists during the same eras. These figures are comparable because the attainment of a particular status in a profession or vocation is evidence of survival to maturity. Comparison could not be made with data for the general population whose vital statistics begin at birth. The average duration of life for men whose work in part or in whole prior to the 20th century was in gerontology falls midway between the high level of 77 years for classical Greek authors and the low level of 51 years for revolutionary statesmen, and exactly between the levels of life duration for eunuchs and physical and medical scientists. PMID- 1123515 TI - Correlates of the echocardiographic waves of the mitral valve in normal subjects of various ages. AB - A cardiographic study was performed on 71 subjects including 14 children, 42 young and middle-aged adults, and 15 old persons without evidence of heart disease. The echocardiogram of the mitral valve was recorded in the A mode by an analog method and was compared with the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, apex cardiogram, and carotid and jugular tracings, simultaneously obtained. The intervals between the various waves recorded by these methods were measured and the results were compared with those reported in the literature. A comparison of the duration of the intervals in the various age groups showed statistically significant differences. In particular, the intervals between the second heart sound and the peak of the E-wave and the E-F intervals in the echogram were longer in adults than in children and also longer in old persons than in younger adults. This important age difference should always be taken into account before attributing any echocardiographic deviations to disease. PMID- 1123516 TI - Some differences between elderly people who use community resources and those who do not. AB - This study initially involved 120 subjects in four groups of 30 members each. It was designed to compare institutional aged persons (Jewish Home for the Aged, or JHAs) with ambulatory persons who used community resources (Jewish Community Center, JCCs). Controls were selected from a stratified sample in a community wide study of the Detroit Jewish population; half of the control subjects lived alone (LAs) and half lived with their families (LWFs); none of them used community resources. All 120 subjects were at least 60 years old. The female:male ratio was 71:49. They were asked to fill in a 442-item questionnaire which yields data about personal and family background, current status, attitudes, interests and self-evaluation. The 30 JHAs were significantly older than the 30 JCCs, but otherwise there were few differeneces. Therefore the focus of the study was shifted to a comparison of the 30 JCCs, who used community facilities, with the 30 LAs and 30 LWFs, who did not. The JCCs were not well educated and were of low economic status. They obtained social gratification through group activities. They had many acquaintances but few close friends whose loss could be a threat. As a group, they seemed content. The LA and LWF groups were better educated, more successful financially, and more likely to derive personal satisfaction from their work. They formed closer family attachments and were more object-oriented, so they were more vulnerable to lossof home and family. Setting high value on individual capacities, they were more likely to be threatened by illness. Any attempt to extend a helping hand to elderly citizens who do not avail themselves of community resources will have to take into account the prevalence of these distinctly different life styles. PMID- 1123517 TI - Editorial: Podiatric public health is on the move. PMID- 1123518 TI - Editorial: Podiatry Political Action Committee. PMID- 1123519 TI - Calcaneovalgus deformity in infants. PMID- 1123521 TI - A piezoelectric crystal method for measuring static and dynamic pressure distributions in the feet. PMID- 1123520 TI - A clinical study to determine the effects of wearing Earth Shoes. PMID- 1123522 TI - Structural variability of the dermoepidermal interface of skin of the human foot as related to function. PMID- 1123523 TI - Skin and nail changes in the elderly foot. PMID- 1123524 TI - The rigid forefoot: a major orthopedic disturbance and a method of remobilization. PMID- 1123525 TI - Unfavorable long-term results in the Jones metatarsal suspension. PMID- 1123526 TI - Illustrated technique for the complete removal of nail matrix and hyponychium without skin incisions (Suppan nail technique no. 2). PMID- 1123527 TI - Older persons' concerns about foot care. PMID- 1123528 TI - An introduction to podiatric sports medicine. PMID- 1123529 TI - Mid-life temperature-transfer effects on life-span of annual fish. AB - When annual fish are transferred from 20 C. to 15 C. at slightly less than the midpoint of lifespan of those kept throughout life at 20 C., the survival of the transferees exceeds theoretical expectations. They live longer than those maintained throughout life at 15 C., which had previously manifested the longest survival. These results indicate that the influence of temperature on life-span is not uniform throughout the life of a poikilothermic vertebrate. The phenomenon of partial temperature-independency had been previously demonstrated in invertebrates. PMID- 1123530 TI - Incorporation of (14C) leucine into protein and tubulin by brain slices from young and old mice. AB - Tubulin, the protein of neurotubules, aids in the movement of other proteins and organelles within axons and may be involved in the pathogenesis of senile dementia in man. This led us to investigate the effect of age on the synthesis of tubulin and of total brain protein of mice. Brain slices from 5-, 12-, 18-, and 25 mo.-old mice were incubated with [14C] leucine. The slices were then homogenized and tubulin was precipitated from the 100,000g supernate by vinblastine. Protein synthesis was measured by [14C] leucine incorporation into hot trichloroacetic acid-insoluble protein and tubulin was quantitated by [3H] colchicine binding. The 4 age groups did not differ significantly in the relative specific activities of their total protein or of their tubulin. The content of the colchicine-binding protein (tubulin) also was not affected by age. These findings suggest that, at least in mice, aging does not significantly affect the rate of synthesis of brain protein or tubulin. PMID- 1123531 TI - Effect of age upon the thyroid gland and pituitary thyrotrophs of the rat. AB - Male and female rats ranging in age from birth to 26 months, were used to study age changes in the rat thyroid and pituitary thyrotrophs. The thyroid follicular cells were cuboidal in shape until 10 mo. of age. Between 10-15 mo. the follicular cells became columnar in shape and contained intracellular colloid droplets. After 15 mo. the gland appeared mixed and consisted of both dilated follicles lined with flattened epithelium and hyperplastic follicles. The pituitary thyrotrophs were not demonstrable at birth but were visible at weaning. The size of the thyrotrophs correlated with the morphological status of the thyroid. Cytoplasmic vacuoles were first evident at 10 mo. and became more prominent as age progressed. The presence of large vacuolated thyrotrophs appeared to be related to the senile hyperplastic thyroid. No sex differences were noted. PMID- 1123532 TI - An apparently paradoxical action of aging: decrease of acute hypoxic mortality in male aged rats. AB - Mortality of SPF male rats due to hypoxic challenge is less in old than in young rats. This apparent antinomy may be related to a decrease in oxygen consumption because of the relation of volume-surface and, in very old rats (590-700 days old), to a selection process wherby only the hypoxiaresistant rats reach old age. PMID- 1123533 TI - Gerontological data of C57BL/6J mice. I. Sex differences in survival curves. AB - A group of 1,052 C57BL/6J mice (296 males and 756 females) was kept under well defined, clean laboratory conditions from the age of 6 weeks until natural death. The survival curves of males and females (computer-produced 3, 4, and 5 parameter curves, Gompertz curve histogram) were established and shown to follow a logistic function. The average life-span amounted to 878 plus or minus 10 days for males and 794 plus or minus 6 days for females. These values distinctly exceed comparable values given in the literature. They are attributed to favorable conditions of animal care and to supposed alterations in genetic background. A genetic drift in sex-dependent mean survival time occurred in the genetically unstable C57BL/6J strain between 1966 and 1970. Before this drift, the males died sooner; after it, they lived longer. PMID- 1123534 TI - Scale-checking styles on the semantic differential among older people. AB - Two groups of older (60 plus) respondents, matched on age but differing in educational level, and a group of young university undergraduates were compared for scale-checking styles on the Semantic Differential. Subjects rated six concepts pertaining to stages of life on 27 pairs of bipolar adjectives. Although the three groups did not differ in frequency of endorsing extreme scale positions, the less well-educated older group showed a greater tendency to use fewer intermediate scale positions and more neutral midpoint positions than either the undergraduates or the group of retired professors emeriti. Data were interpreted as a propensity for older people to emphasize concrete, well-anchored scale positions in making ambiguous multiple-point scale discriminations, a tendency related to educational background but not to age per se. PMID- 1123535 TI - Retrieval from semantic memory as a function of age. AB - Twenty-four subjects, 12 of whom were in the age range 18-30 years and 12 of whom were between 55-65 years, performed two semantic memory tasks. One task involved the recall of an instance from a designated category starting with a specified letter, and the second task required subjects to indicate whether a given work was or was not a member of a designated category (the recognition task). There was a differential effect of age on recall and recognition, the older subjects responding more slowly on the recognition task, but not on the recall task. The response times of the older subjects were less affected by the dominance of the to-be-retrieved information than were the younger subjects. These results suggested that subjects in the older age group may have retrieved information faster than the young subjects, but that they required longer to decide upon response. PMID- 1123536 TI - Behavioral rigidity as a mechanism for facilitation of problem solving for aged rats. AB - Mature-young 5-mo.-old and aged 25-mo.-old rats (N=28 of each age group) at the same level of motivation were given forced-correct-response training trials on a 14 unit T-maze by blocking off all wrong turns. During later test trials in the maze, when the 14 culs-de-sac were open, aged rats made significantly fewer errors than mature-young rats. The effect of distribution of test trials were relatively minor, but comparison of distributed practice groups with control groups not given forced-correct-response training also indicated a strong differential age effect of training procedure on the reduction of errors during test trials. The deleterious effect of age on learning and problem solving is not immutable. PMID- 1123537 TI - Studies of mortality and morbidity data. II. Mortality from all causes in Ontario Counties during 1964-1968. AB - Age-adjusted mortality rates, for all causes of death, are tabulated for all ages by sex for the 55 Ontario counties and districts. The rates are based on all deaths of Ontario residents during 1964-1968 and 1966 census populations. The consistent trends in rates, both for the two sexes and for various 10- and 20 year age groups, indicate that there is a region of about eight adjoining counties, across the center of the province, which has abnormally high mortality, and two regions to the east and west of York, each consisting of three adjoining counties which have abnormally low mortality. The relevance of these findings to aging studies is indicated, and possible further investigations of them are discussed. PMID- 1123538 TI - Work and retirement: a test of attitudinal relationships. AB - Recent studies report contradictory findings on the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between work satisfaction and retirement attitude. In an effort to clarify the situation, it has been suggested that only in instances where work acts as a key organizing factor in the workers' lives should the inverse relationship be observed. Data testing these hypotheses were analyzed from a study of employed males aged 50 years of age and older (N=1,922) residing in a midwestern state. Results of this study offer only marginal support for the hypothesis. A work satisfaction-retirement attitude typology based on combinations of the two attitudinal areas is discussed. PMID- 1123539 TI - The status and integration of the aged in Japanese society. AB - Japan is an exception to the general rule that modernization causes a sharp decline in status and integration of the aged. Most of the Japanese elders continue to live with their children and perform important functions in the householf. The majority of men over 65 continue to be in the labor force. The elders are also well integrated into their communities through clubs and visits with neighbors. The high status of the elders is reflected in many private and public practices which give precedence to older persons. Thus, even in modern societies, a culture which promotes respect for the aged can maintain high levels of status and integration for its older citizens. PMID- 1123540 TI - Common themes among morale and depression scales. AB - This paper reports on the intra- and interbattery scaling of three morale and depression batteries comprised of self-reported items: PGC, G-H, and ZUNG. Responses to the three scales were sought from a sample of long-term residents of a state mental hospital. First, the batteries were factor analyzed separately to identify the intrabattery scales; then the resultant scales were compared using canonical correlation and super matrix factor analysis to identify the interbattery themes. These analyses resulted in the identification of a Clinical Depression domain across all three batteries and single independent themes in both the Zung and PGC batteries. PMID- 1123541 TI - Mood as an indicant of happiness: ags, sex,social class, and situational differences. AB - Does mood vary as a function of age, sec, or situation? In four investigations, 6,452 persons aged 4 to 99 were interrupted at leisure, at home, at school, and at work and asked to assess their mood as being happy, neutral, or unhappy. Moods of happiness and neutrality were each reported about 45% and unhappiness about 10% of the time. Females more frequently reported moods of happiness or unhappiness than males, while mood did not vary as a function of age. Persons at leisure reported more affectively pleasant moods than those at work, at home, or at school. Persons of higher socioeconomic status reported more happy moods than those of lower status. In another study, a class of 255 students was administered various personality scales and then interrupted 21 times over the course of the quarter and their mood indexed. Tested religiosity negatively correlated with frequency of pleasant moods, the Barron Ego-Strength Scale was uncorrelated with frequency of kind of mood, and the Eysenck Neuroticism Scale correlated with frequency of unpleasant moods. PMID- 1123542 TI - Anticipatory grief and aged widows and widowers. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to explore the preventive value of anticipatory grief on the medical adjustment of the aged bereaved. Data were collected for 81 surviving widows and widowers 6 mo. after their loss. Sixteen of the bereaved had spouses who died of a chronic illness. These two groups were compared on three criteria of medical adjustment: physician office visits, feeling ill without contacting a physician, and use of psychotropic medications. The data indicated that the aged bereaved of a lengthy chronic fatal illness did worse than the bereaved of a shorter chronic illness death. By sex, no significant differences were found between widows and widowers of a short-term illness death. However, differences were noted for the chronic illness category, and within this category for length of chronicity. In both cases widowers showed more medical problems than widows. PMID- 1123543 TI - Society of the alone: Freedom, Privacy and Utilitarianism as dominant norms in the SRO. AB - The social world of the aged SRO tenant is described and analyzed. Charteristic features include an impoverishment of social roles and relationships which result in a "world of strangers". Dominant norms of SRO life which preclude the establishment of intimacy are examined; these include prescriptive norms of privacy, freedom, and utilitarianism PMID- 1123544 TI - Splenic regulation of the clinical appearance of small tumors. AB - The Cloudman (S91) melanoma elicits an immune response in syngeneic DBA/2 mice which prolongs the time before the tumor becomes detectable but does not signigicantly alter the growth rate subsequent to its appearance. The spleen can either enhance the immune response and prolong the lag phase when stimulated with high doses of tumor cells or suppress it and shorten the duration at lower doses. This bidirectional effect of the spleen is similar to previously reported activity of regulatory T cells which reside in the spleen. This observation is discussed in contrast to the role of the spleen in animals bearing tumors which elicit concomitant immunity. PMID- 1123545 TI - Regulation of the release of colony-stimulating activity from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes stimulated by Concanavalin A (Con A) as well as other mitogens release colony stimulating activity (CSA) which stimulated granulocyte and mononuclear cell formation from hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. Removal of Con A from lymphocyte cultures by the competitive inhibitor, alpha methyl mannoside, resulted in the cessation of CSA release regardless of the time the inhibitor was added to the culture. However, removal of Con A after 6 hr of incubation had no effect on cellular DNA synthesis and lymphocyte transformation. In addition, vinblastine and cytosine arabinoside completely inhibited DNA synthesis but had no effect on CSA release. CSA release is dependent on an active energy process since it was completely and reversibly inhibited by the inhibitors of protein synthesis puromycin and cycloheximide. These results suggest that CSA release from stimulated lymphocytes requires continuous binding of mitogen and active protein synthesis but is not dependent on DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. PMID- 1123547 TI - Evidence for macrophage C3d-receptor active in phagocytosis. AB - Evidence is presented that guinea pig peritoneal macrophages possess membrane receptors able to recognize the C3b inactivator-cleaved third component of complement. This conclusion is based on the finding that rosette formation and phagocytosis by macrophages of EA-IgM-C1423 were equal regardless of whether EA IgM-C1423 had been pretreated with C3b inactivator or not. PMID- 1123546 TI - Properties of conjugated protein immunogens which selectively stimulate delayed type hypersensitivity. AB - If bovine serum albumin (BSA) is covalently conjugated with dodecanoic acid, its ability to stimulate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is enhanced whereas its ability to stimulate antibody production is suppressed. Conjugates of BSA prepared with negatively charged succinyl groups and positively charged amidine groups were unable to stimulate any detectable DTH to BSA even though their ability to bind anti-BSA antibody in a radioimmunoassay was similar to that of dodecanoyl-BSA which stimulated strong, sustained DTH. By analyzing a series of conjugates of BSA with fatty acids of varying chain length, we found that enhancement of the ability of a preparation to stimulate DTH to BSA could be separated from the suppression of its ability to stimulate antibody formation. The ability of a preparation to stimulate DTH correlated with the covalent conjugation of a large number of hydrophobic groups whereas the suppression of the ability to stimulate antibody formation correlated with covering of antibody combining sites as measured in a radioimmunoassay. PMID- 1123548 TI - A micro-technique for detection of leukocyte agglutinins. PMID- 1123549 TI - In vitro tumor cell destruction by syngeneic mouse macrophoages: methods for assaying cytotoxicity. PMID- 1123550 TI - Effective radioiodination by lactoperoxidase and solubilisation of cell-surface proteins of cultured murine T lymphoma cells. PMID- 1123551 TI - Combination of pore gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and crossed agarose gel immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 1123552 TI - Studies on the contact sensitization of man with simple chemicals. III. Quantitative relationships between specific lymphocyte transformation, skin sensitivity, and lymphokine activity in response to dinitrochlorobenzene. AB - Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) coupled to peripheral blood erythrocytes or leukocytes forms a particulate complex, DNCB-antigen. The addition of DNCB antigen induced blastogenesis and DNA synthesis in leukocyte cultures from DNCB sensitized human subjects and not in leukocyte cultures from nonsensitized controls. In general, sensitized subjects who displayed a higher degree of cutaneous reactivity to DNCB, as manifested by duration and intensity of dermatitis, also showed a greater blastogenic response to DNCB-antigen in vitro. This quantitative correlation, however, was not invariant. Certain soluble factor(s), or lymphokines are released following the addition of DNCB-antigen to leukocyte cultures prepared from some sensitive subjects who were rechallenged one or more times with DNCB. These lymphokines induce blastogenesis in secondary target leukocyte populations from nonsensitized subjects. Extended studies are presented which slow little or no lymphokine activity in peripheral blood leukocyte cultures during a primary immune response, despite high degrees of blastogenic activity in response to DNCB-antigen. Significant lymphokine activity was observed only following additional rechallenge with DNCB. Blastogenesis and skin reactivity specific for DNCB have been shown to develop at about the same time during a primary immune response. This, along with the quantitative correlation shown in this communication, suggests that both processes probably reflect thymic-dependent cellular immunity. The appearance of lymphokine activity following rechallenge with DNCB suggests that DNCB-induced lymphokines may represent an amplifying mechanism of the cellular immune response that involves recruitment of previously uncommitted lymphocytes. PMID- 1123553 TI - Assay of therapeutic doses of methotrexate in body fluids of patients with psoriasis. AB - A microbiologic technique for the assay of methotrexate (MTX) in urine, serum, erythrocytes, feces, and skin is described. The accuracy of the method equals that of routine microbiologic assays of folic acid. Important differences in serum MTX levels in psoriatic patients during the 24 hours after standardized intravenous and intramuscular administration were demonstrated. Repeated intravenous doses tended to be cleared from the blood univormly. After oral doses many patients achieved peak serum levels within 2 hr. with fall of level by 4 hr. Others achieved lower levels and responded less well clinically. Persistence of high serum levels at 24 and 48 hr did not confer obvious clinical benefit or necessarily give rise to by renal function when the creatinine clearance was greater than 50 ml/min. However, impaired renal function was clearly correlated with slow clearance. Routine measurement of MTX blood levels is of value in patients with suspected malabsorption or partial renal failure. PMID- 1123555 TI - Editorial: Research--some Anglo-Saxon attitudes. PMID- 1123554 TI - Organ culture of human skin in chemically defined medium. AB - Explants of adult human skin were grown in vitro in a chemically defined medium without serum. Under these conditions the epidermis was well maintained for up to 7 days, during which time new stratum corneum formation was observed. Most often the stratum corneum was orthokeratotic and associated with a prominent granular layer. Parakeratotic regions were also evident and these were not associated with a granular layer. During the first 5 days in culture there was a signficant increase in DNA synthesis (as measured radioautographically) and mitosis. PMID- 1123556 TI - A comparison of His bundle electrograms recorded from the aortic root and from a plaque sutured near the His bundle. AB - For careful analysis of His bundle electrograms in the dog it is useful to have a stable rather than moving recording site. In this study we have compared the characteristics of His bundle electrograms recorded by two methods in each of ten anesthetized dogs. Records obtained with a Hoffman-type plaque electrode sutured in the vicinity of the His bundlewere not significantly different from ones obtained with a recording catheter wedged in the aortic root. In addition to measurements made during the resting state, comparisons also included those during selectively produced acute but transietn complete A-V block, sinus bradycardia, A-V junctional tachycardia, A-V junctional bradycardia, and various degrees of incomplete A-V block. A stable and accurate His bundle electrogram can be obtained from the aortic root and has the experimental advantage of not having to open the right atrium or place sutures near the A-V node of His bundle. PMID- 1123557 TI - Pathophysiology of angiotensin-salt hypertension. PMID- 1123558 TI - In vivo evidence for the functional heterogeneity of transferrin-bound iron. I. Studies in normal rats. AB - Functional heterogeneity of iron atoms bound to transferrin as postulated by Fletcher and Huehns was demonstrated by in vivo studies in rats. Serum transferrin was selectively double-labeled by adding 59Fe to 90 per cent saturation of iron binding capacity, incubation with rat reticulocytes to reduce the saturation to 50 per cent or less, and then adding back 55Fe. Rats were killed at various times after intravenous injection of this double-labeled transferrin, and the ratios of 55Fe to 59Fe were measured in plasma, circulating erythrocytes, bone marrow and spleen heme, whole liver and isolated hepatic Kupffer and parenchymal cells, and in small intestinal segments. Selective uptake of erythroblast-oriented 55Fe was observed in red cells and heme from marrow and spleen; storage-oriented 59Fe was selectively removed by liver cells and small intestine. Greater polarization was achieved by using Fe3+-nitrilotriacetic acid instead of ferrous ammonium sulfate and by injecting transferrin selectively double-labeled at less than 50 per cent saturation. These studies confirm the hypothesis of Fletcher and Huehns that the iron atoms of transferrin are functionally different and support the concept that transferrin plays a selective role in the distribution of iron to tissues in the rat. PMID- 1123559 TI - In vivo evidence for the functional heterogeneity of transferrin-bound iron. II. Studies in pregnant rats. AB - Iron atoms from the two iron-binding sites of transferrin in the maternal plasma were selectively transferred to fetal tissues across the placenta of the pregnant rat. Rat serum transferrin was selectively double-labeled with 55Fe bound to the A-site and 59Fe bound to the B-site and injected intravenously into pregnant rats at 11 to 20 days gestation. Ratios of 55Fe to 59Fe were measured in various maternal and fetal tissues sampled from 30 to 120 minutes after injection. In the maternal tissues preponderance of A-site 55Fe was observed in circulating red blood cells and in heme extracted from bone marrow and spleen; B-site 59Fe predominated in the liver parenchymal cells and proximal small intestine. As predicted by the Fletcher-Huehns hypothesis, placental transfer of radioiron resulted in a selective concentration of A-site 55Fe in all the fetal tissues including the fetal placenta, yolk sac, whole fetus, and in the separately analyzed liver heme and ferritin and in fetal blood. When the placenta was bypassed by direct injection of the selectively double-labeled transferrin into the umbilical vein, a reversal of the 55Fe/59Fe ratios of heme extracted from the fetal liver was observed. These studies confirm the concept of functional heterogeneity of iron atoms bound to transferrin and indicate that the placenta of rats between the eleventh and twentieth day of pregnancy selectively removes erythroblast-oriented iron from transferrin and diverts it to fetal tissues. PMID- 1123560 TI - One-stage assay of heparin. AB - A simple and rapid one-stage plasma heparin assay based on the heparin-dependent neutralization of activated factor X (Xa) is described. Factor Xa is prepared in a concentration adjusted to produce a clotting time of 18 to 20 seconds when heparin-free plasma is tested in the system. The assay incubation mixture contains "standard human plasma", the heparinized test plasma, cephalin, and factor Xa. Clotting times are measured automatically after incugation and calcium addition. A linear relationship was found between the log of the clotting time and the heparin concentration for the standard curve from which the heparin level is determined. The lower limit of sensitivity is about 0.05 unit heparin per milliliter. Dilution of test plasma is required to bring the heparin level to between 0.05 and 0.2 unit per milliliter. The standard curve is reproducible with a coefficient of variation of 2 to 4 per cent. Ten different, nonheparinized samples had clotting times of 18.9 plus or minus 1.0 (plus or minus 2 S.D.) seconds. Theoretically calculated and experimentally determined heparin levels after pulse injection of heparin agreed well in 5 volunteer subjects with r values between 0.93 and 0.99. This assay is not affected by normal variation in the plasma levels of fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factor V or by the plasma defects induced by coumadin. PMID- 1123561 TI - Coil planet centrifugation and its application to the observation of altered membrane properties of erythrocytes in hepatobiliary disorders. AB - A coil planet centrifuge (CPC) is an apparatus aiming to obtain a centrifugal force exerting on particles suspended in a fluid in a coiled polyethylene tube (coil) which makes self-rotation around its axis and revolution around the principal axis simultaneously. If a linear osmotic gradient is prepared in the coil and a small amount of blood is applied to it and subjected to centrifugation, one is able to observe the membrane properties of erythrocytes in terms of the shift of hemolysis band appearing in the coil with high accuracy and precision. Coil planet centrifugation was applied to the observation of altered membrane properties of erythrocytes in hepatobiliary diseases. Remarkable shifts of end-point of the hemolysis band going in parallel with the severity of damage were visualized. Study as to its cause revealed that increased free cholesterol content of erythrocyte membrane which was the result of plasma cholesterol Estersturz due to inhibition of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase by stagnant bile acids was responsible for this phenomenon. Elevation of serum bile acid concentration and increased serum leucine-aminopeptidase were closely correlated to the shift of hemolysis end-point toward the low osmolal side. CPC may be useful for detection and chasing the clinical course of patients with hepatobiliary disorders. PMID- 1123562 TI - Structural analysis of compartmental models for the hepatic kinetics of drugs. AB - The structure of some compartmental models for the analysis of the hepatobiliary kinetics of bromosulphalein (BSP) was studied in order to evaluate their adequacy in the estimation of the processes involved in the hepatic metabolism of drugs, namely uptake, conugation, and biliary excretion. Biological measurements were obtained from 4 cholecystectomized patients with a biliary T-tube. Blood and bile specimens were taken at various intervals after the administration of a single intravenous dose of BSP and analyzed for both direct BSP quantitation and chromatographic separation and estimation of BSP metabolic fractions. The structural analysis was carried out by using a mathematical model that described the kinetics of BSP. By means of computer simulations different measurement situations were analyzed, showing for each experimental condition the available information and the degree of accuracy of each estimated parameter. The obtained results show that the use of compartmental models can provide a useful theoretical framework by which the experimental data can be interpreted for the evaluation of the hepatobiliary metabolism and for a discriminant analysis between different physiopathological conditions. PMID- 1123563 TI - Perilymph fistula. PMID- 1123564 TI - Concussive effects of bomb blast on the ear. PMID- 1123565 TI - Management of complications of stapedectomy. PMID- 1123566 TI - Routine radiography in early cholesteatomatous middle ear disease. PMID- 1123567 TI - The structure and function of the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue with special reference to the aetiology of secretory otitis. PMID- 1123569 TI - An anatomical curiosity: intra-neural striated muscle fibres in the human larynx. PMID- 1123568 TI - Usher's syndrome. (Retinitis pigmentosa and deafness). A temporal bone report. PMID- 1123570 TI - Neurilemmoma (schwannoma) of the larynx. PMID- 1123572 TI - Summary of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974. PMID- 1123571 TI - Histologic study of ostium of Wharton's duct. PMID- 1123573 TI - Concurrent review and the CHEC program. PMID- 1123574 TI - Duodenal obstruction in the newborn. PMID- 1123575 TI - Trimming MAG's middle age spread. PMID- 1123576 TI - Editorial: Government's expanding involvement. PMID- 1123577 TI - Letter: President's letter: l'envoi. PMID- 1123578 TI - LBBB (left bundle branch block): diagnostic of nothing? PMID- 1123579 TI - National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 (or, you ain't seen nothing yet). PMID- 1123580 TI - Conditioned suppression of behavior maintained by intracranial stimulation as a function of stimulation intensity. AB - Conditioned suppression was demonstrated in two experiments with rats lever pressing on a fixed-ration 1 schedule for lateral hypothalamic intracranaial stimulation (ICS)'n Experiment I, conditioned suppression of responding for low intensity ICS was obtained with a moderate intensity of foot shock, In Experiment II, low and high intensities of ICS were alternated within the same session and the same animal The suppression that was exhibited with low intensity ICS was minimal or absent with high-intensity stimulation, despite the pairing of foot shock with each warning stimulus. Conditioned suppression was a function of ICS intensity, and was independent of response rates. The inverse relationship between ICS intensity and degree os suppression is consistent with a motivational analysis of conditioned suppression. Previous reports of resistance to suppression of behaviors maintained by ICS may now be attributed to the use of high-intensity stimulation. PMID- 1123581 TI - On the proper control of luminance cues in pigeon color-vision experiments. PMID- 1123582 TI - The 1960's: a decade of crisis in Canadian family medicine. PMID- 1123583 TI - A critical review of periodic health screening using specific screening criteria. Part 1: Selected diseases of respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. PMID- 1123584 TI - Toward a research base in family practice. PMID- 1123585 TI - An integrated system for the recording and retrieval of medical data in a primary care setting. Part 7: The encounter form and the minimum basic data set. PMID- 1123586 TI - An integrated system for the recording and retrieval of medical data in a primary care setting. Part 8: The individual patient's medical record. PMID- 1123587 TI - Bronchial asthma in children. PMID- 1123588 TI - A clinical correlation conference on appendicitis. PMID- 1123589 TI - In defense of the tough in-hospital based family medicine residency program. PMID- 1123590 TI - On the need for various models of primary care. PMID- 1123591 TI - Letter: Statistics in the comparision of evidentiary materials. PMID- 1123592 TI - Activity after shooting and its effect on the retention of primer residue. PMID- 1123594 TI - Quantitative differential thermal analysis of nitrocellulose propellants. PMID- 1123593 TI - A photoluminescence technique for detection of gunshot residue. AB - Rapid, convenient detection of gunshot residue on the hands of a suspect, following a shooting, can be accomplished by the photoluminescence determination of the presence of lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb), which originate in the cartiridge primer. Following the firing of a gun, the backs of both hands are washed in a stream of distilled water. Each hand washing is filtered, and the residue collected on a membrane filter is dissolved in hydrochloric acid. Lead(II)and Sb(III) form chloride ion complexes with the acid, which luminesce strongly upon selective ultraviolet excitation at low temperature. Upon excitation, the Pb and Sb complexes emit light with maxima at wavelengths characteristic for the two metallic elements. By the use of this procedure, it is possible to detect as little as 1.0 ng of Pb and 10 ng of Sb. The total time for sample collection and analysis is less than 30 min. PMID- 1123595 TI - Analysis of explosives and explosive residues. Part 3: Monomethylamine nitrate. PMID- 1123596 TI - Ballistic studies and lethal potential of tear gas pen guns firing fixed metallic ammunition. AB - Illegal older model and foreign-made tear gas pen guns as well as illicitly manufactured pen guns were used to fire revolver or pistol cartridges of calibers .22, .25, .32, .38, .44 Special, and .44 magnum, as well as rifle cartridges of caliber .270. Velocity, range of accuracy, impact kinetic energy, and gelatin block penetrability of bullets fired from the various cartridges are presented. The characteristics of recovered bullets, cartridge casings, and firing pin impressions are described, and the hazards of these weapons to users and potential victims are discussed. PMID- 1123597 TI - The interpretation of impact fractures in glassy polymers. AB - While this study was not exhaustive of the area of impact fractures in glassy polymers, it does demonstrate that there are some significant differences between fractures in polymers and those encountered with glass. Those differences can be summarized as follows: (1) the occurrence of pronounced, highly curved hackle marks, which could in many instances be mistaken for conchoidal marks;(2)the appearance of the beveled edges bordering the cratering on the side opposite origin of force; and (3) a more apparent tendency toward an inverse relationship of muzzle velocity and energy to radial fracture length and degree of curving along crater boundaries. The physical laws applicable to the fracture of glass are identical to those extant in the fracture of glassy polymers; no new forces are at play. All of the differences are capable of being explained in terms of the differences in flexibility and flow between glass and polymers, and the resulting differences in tension development and fracture propagation. PMID- 1123598 TI - Automotive body primers: Their application in vehicle identification. AB - An approach to vehicle identification based on the varied primer color combinations used by the automobile manufacturers is outlined. A description is given of the primer color combinations found on a number of domestic and foreign cars. The expediency of this system of vehicle identification by successive elimation is discussed. PMID- 1123599 TI - Digital image processing technology and its application in forensic sciences. PMID- 1123600 TI - Multiple animal bite wounds: A case report. AB - A case of multiple animal bite wounds is presented along with the techniques used to apprehend the culprits. The victim was a 13 month-old black female who had in excess of 80 puncture wounds. Initially the wounds were thought to be caused by a mechanical instrument but, after an autopsy, were determined to be caused by a large animal. Two German shepherd dogs were apprehended and impressions of their teeth compared favorably with the wounds from both the casts made from the body and the body itself. The etiology of the wounds was further substantiated by microscopic examination of one of the wound sites. The identification of bite wounds and the techniques used to confirm the identity of the culprit are discussed. PMID- 1123601 TI - Tool marks in bones and cartilage. AB - The identification of the implement used is an important factor in the explantion of the causes of violent deaths. Hitherto existing knowledge has been almost exclusively confined to the damages to skull bones. This paper draws attention to tool marks in the area of pierced rib cartilage and considers the possibilities of their analysis. The evaluation of saw marks is further discussed on the basis of sawing experiments. Also, there are features and peculiarities which can help to solve the problems posed by criminal dismemberment. PMID- 1123602 TI - Fatal anaphylaxis after intravenous iron dextran. AB - This report records the first reported case of a fatal anaphylactic reaction to an intravenous infusion of iron dextran. An elderly woman was given an infusion of iron dextran in 5% dextrose. Shortly after the infusion started, she developed laryngeal stridor, shock, respiratory arrest, and died despite attempts at resuscitation. Necropsy findings are described and are consistent with death due to anaphylaxis. With the increased parenteral use of dextran and iron dextran complexes it is important for the clinician to be aware of the hazards of anaphylactic reactions. Since the reactions generally occur shortly after the administration has begun, a physician should be in attendance during the infusion of the first 25 cm3 (5 to 10 min). He should be able to promptly recognize and treat the asphyxia and hypotension should it occur. It is also important for the pathologist to be aware of the occurrence of anaphylaxis after the use of these drugs. However, the cause of death should not be based solely on the presence of classic clinical features of fatal anaphylaxis. Specific features of anaphylaxis should be searched for at autopsy and other causes of sudden death must be ruled out. PMID- 1123603 TI - Dissecting aneurysm of coronary artery associated with drug abuse and pulmonary lesions. AB - A dissecting aneurysm of the coronary artery (DACA) associated with cystic medial necrosis was discovered during the necropsy of a 32-year-0ld black man with evidence of intravenous drug abuse. Microscopic examination of the lungs revealed striking angiomatoid conversion of pulmonary arterioles. The cause of death and the possible relationship between the pulmonary vascular lesions and the DACA are discussed. PMID- 1123604 TI - Digoxin concentrations in postmortem specimens after overdose and therapeutic use. PMID- 1123605 TI - A comparison of some mass spectrometric ionization techniques using samples of morphine and illegal heroin. PMID- 1123606 TI - The screening of blood by gas chromatography for basic and neutra drugs. AB - A GC procedure is described for the screening of biological fluids for the presence of basic and neutral drugs. Extracts are chromatographed simultaneously on a two-column system designed so that a wide range of drugs can be detected. A majority of the drugs is readily detectable in blood in concentrations of 0.1 mg per 100 ml. The procedure is illustrated with examples of casework as well as examples of "spiked" blood samples. PMID- 1123607 TI - Blood and semen stains on outer clothing and shoes not related to crime: Report of a survey using presumptive tests. PMID- 1123608 TI - Shock therapy and psychiatric malpractice: the legal accommodation to a controversial treatment. AB - Shock therapy has developed over the years into an accepted form.of psychiatric treatment for relieving the symptoms of certain mental illnesses. The development of shock therapy did and still does take place in a legal environment which leaves the reasonable psychiatrist free to experiment. The discovery of muscle relaxing drugs and their introduction into the treatment procedure were undoubtedly encouraged by the possibility of malpractice suits arising from bone fracture caused by rapidly contracting muscles. Today the incidence of malpractie suits involving shock therapy has been reduced, and a reasonable psychiatrist exercising care remains free to treat without concern over the possibility of a successful malpractice action. PMID- 1123609 TI - Prospects for a cashless and checkless society. PMID- 1123610 TI - Characterization of different plaque-forming and defective temperate phages in Agrobacterium. AB - Four Agrobacterium tumefaciens temperate phages (PB2A, PB6(omega), PV-1(LV-1) and PS8), were shown to have the same genome size. Moreover hybridization experiments by the heteroduplex method and electron microscopy showed a 100% homology between these four phage genomes. Indications for lysogeny were found by direct means for the Agrobacterum timefaciens strain 396, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain 8149 and Agrobacterium species 0362 and by the electron microscope negative staining technique for the A.tumefaciens strains b6-806,b6-6,b6s3,b2as,cv 1,4452,11156,11158,396, and 925; for A.radiobacter strains tr-1 and 8149, the latter being bi-lysogenic, and for the A. species 0362. These isolated phage particles, most of which appear to be defective, could be grouped into different classes. No particles could be detected in the lysates of A. tumefaciens RV3, A. radiobacter strains 4718 and S1005, and A. species 0363. Further characterization by genome size was carried out for the defective temperate phages PB6-806, P4452,P8149 and P0362. No evidence for homology between PB6-806 and PB6 omega could be found. The defective phages PB6-806 and P4452 showed the same morphology but a different genome size, whereas the two phages P0362 and P8149 had a very different morphology and genome size. PMID- 1123611 TI - Miniphage-a class of satellite phage to M13. AB - Satellite or defective bacteriophage particles can appear in extensively recycled stocks of coliphage M13. These particles, herein known as miniphage, replicate using the wild type bacteriophage as a helper. Their physical properties (u.v. spectra, sedimentation of DNA and bacterophage, electrophoretic moblitiy) are described and a method for the isolation of specific satellite bacteriophage is presented. PMID- 1123612 TI - Regional gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in rat brain determined after microwave fixation. PMID- 1123613 TI - The distribution of glutamate decarboxylase in rat tissues; isotopic vs fluorimetric assays. PMID- 1123614 TI - Studies on the natural substrate for protein methylase II in mammalian brain and blood. PMID- 1123615 TI - Enzymatic formation of tetrahydro-beta-carboline from tryptamine and 5 methyltetrahydrofolic acid in rat brain fractions: regional and subcellular distribution. PMID- 1123616 TI - Choline acetyltransferase content in discrete regions of the rat brain stem. PMID- 1123617 TI - Uptake and metabolism of glutamate by isolated toad brains containing different levels of endogenous amino acids. PMID- 1123618 TI - Selective synthesis of molecular classes of phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol in rat brain. PMID- 1123619 TI - Early events in the effect of hydrocortisone acetate on DNA replication in the rat brain. PMID- 1123620 TI - Inhibition of amino acid uptake by the absence of Na+ in slices of brain. PMID- 1123621 TI - Changed activities of brain enzymes involved in neurotransmitter metabolism in rats exposed to different qualities of ionizing radiation. PMID- 1123622 TI - The relationship between noradrenaline turnover in cerebral cortex and electrical self-stimulation through electrodes in the region of locus coeruleus. PMID- 1123623 TI - Depletion of noradrenaline stores in synpathetic nerve terminals. PMID- 1123624 TI - Selective increase of brain dopamine synthesis by sulpiride. PMID- 1123625 TI - Distribution of folic acid coenzymes and folate dependent enzymes in mouse brain. PMID- 1123626 TI - Plasma choline: its turnover and exchange with brain choline. PMID- 1123627 TI - Kinetics of plasma choline in relation to turnover of brain choline and formation of acetylcholine. PMID- 1123628 TI - Effect of hypothermia upon organic phosphates, glycolytic metabolites, citric acid cycle intermediates and associated amino acids in rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 1123629 TI - RNA polymerade activity in various classes of nuclei from different regions of rat brain during postnatal development. PMID- 1123630 TI - Comparative effects of organic and inorganic mercury on brain slice respiration and metabolism. PMID- 1123631 TI - Studies of the mechanism of demyelination. Regional differences in myelin stability in vitro. PMID- 1123632 TI - Choline acetyltransferase and cholinesterase in skeletal muscle regeneration. PMID- 1123633 TI - A sensitive microassay for tryptophan hydroxylase in brain. PMID- 1123634 TI - Early changes in acetylcholine pools in the hippocampus of the rat brain after septal lesions. PMID- 1123635 TI - Regional distribution of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in relation to the distribution of RNA and DNA in the rat nervous system. PMID- 1123636 TI - Acetyl-coenzyme A: 1,4-diaminobutane N-acetyltransferase: activity in rat brain during development, in experimental brain tumours and in brains of fish of different metabolic activity. PMID- 1123637 TI - The relationship between fatty acid activation and elongation in rabbit brain microsomes. PMID- 1123638 TI - The role of storage and catabolism in the accumulation of [3H]norepinephrine after short and long incubation times. PMID- 1123639 TI - Changes in the contents of gangliosides and glycoproteins and in the ganglioside pattern of the chicken brain. PMID- 1123640 TI - Fluctuations in DOPA decarboxylase activity with age. PMID- 1123641 TI - Effects of histamine on phospholipid metabolism of rat brain in vivo. PMID- 1123642 TI - The use of a sensitive double isotope dansylation technique for amino acid analysis. PMID- 1123643 TI - Distribution of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulphotransferase in brain fractions. PMID- 1123644 TI - The isolated perfused rat brain as a model for brain monoamine research. PMID- 1123645 TI - 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: improvement of its selectivity for serotonin neurons in the CNS by pretreatment with desipramine. PMID- 1123646 TI - Distribution of [4-14C]cholesterol in the brain tissue after its intraventricular injection into conscious cats. PMID- 1123647 TI - Morphometric assessment of the compostion of the synaptosomal fractions obtained by the use of Ficoll gradients. PMID- 1123648 TI - Tubular particles in a case of recurrent lymphocytic meningitis followed by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - A patient suffered recurrent episodes of aseptic lymphocytic meningitis for many years and then developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Immune-complexes were deposited in the renal glomerular basement membrane and mesangia. The necropsy study revealed both lymphocytic meningitis and ALS. Study of the motor neurons with the electron microscope revealed proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum, small cytoplasmolytic areas and focal neurofibrillar accumulations in axons. Interwoven, serpentine 10-15 nm. tubules first appeared with ER proliferation and, presumably at a later stage, were sometimes present in large masses. These tubules might be virus material but virus cultures, including tissue culture, and animal inoculations have thus far been negative. PMID- 1123649 TI - The effect of neonatal thymectomy on Tamiami virus-induced central nervous system disease. AB - Tamiami virus, a member of the arenavirus group, produces an acute CNS disease in suckling mice manifested primarily by cerebellar ataxia, paralysis, convulsions, and death. Animals that survive are left with an asymptomatic cerebellar heterotopia. Neonatal thymectomy prevents both acute CNS disease and the resultant cerebellar heterotopia despite equivalent titers of virus and concentrations of viral antigen in the brains of both thymectomized and nonthymectomized infected mice. Inflammatory CNS disease and cerebellar germinal cell necrosis do not develop in thymectomized mice examined more than three months after infection. Viremia and complement-fixing antibody occur in both groups of mice with slightly higher antibody titers in nonthymectomized mice. Tamiami virus-induced cerebellar heterotopia appears to be immunologically mediated, but the immunopathologic cerebellar lesion differs from the frank necrosis of the brain produced by both Tacaribe and LCM virus in newborn mice. PMID- 1123650 TI - Cysteine-S-sulfate: brain damaging metabolite in sulfite oxidase deficiency. AB - Cysteine-S-sulfate is an abnormal metabolite discovered in the urine and blood of a patient with cysteine oxidase deficiency, a rare disorder of sulfur amino acid metabolism associated with brain damage and mental retardation. The molecular structure of cysteine-S-sulfate closely resembles that of glutamate and related acidic amino acids which have both neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic properties (excitotoxic amino acids). Here we demonstrate that cysteine-S-sulfate induces the glutamate type of neuropathology in the rat central nervous system when administered subcutaneously to infants or intracerebrally to adults. It is postulated that cysteine-S-sulfate may be the neurotoxic agent responsible for brain damage in sulfite oxidase deficiency. The possibility that other excitotoxic amino acids could play occult roles in other unexplained neuropathologic conditions is discussed. PMID- 1123651 TI - A presynaptic complex in the giant synapse of the squid. AB - A presynaptic complex consisting of thin lamellae associated with vesicles was found frequently in presynaptic terminals of the squid giant synapse. The lamellae, made of osmiophilic material, had an average length and width of about 10 mum and a thickness of 30 nm; they were of rectangular shape. While most frequent in the axoplasm of the most distal, and largest, terminal of the presynaptic giant axon, the lamellae were found also in smaller terminal branches of this fibre; They have not been observed in the proximal parts of the presynaptic or postsynaptic giant axons. Vesicles the size of synaptic vesicles surrounded the sides of the lamellae. The presynaptic complex resembles the synaptic ribbons in sensory cells. PMID- 1123652 TI - Zonulae occludentes of the myelin lamellae in the nerve fibre layer of the retina and in the optic nerve of the rabbit: a demonstration by the freeze-fracture method. AB - Ridges and grooves composing extensive zonulae occludentes are revealed by the freeze-fracture method on split myelin lamellae in the nerve fibre layer of the retina and in the optic nerve of the rabbit. The junctions are located immediately internal to the outer loop of the myelin sheath and in corresponding areas of deeper myelin layers. They follow a straight or gently undulating course along the axis of the fibres. Only at the paranodal region of nodes of Ranvier do they deviate and assume a transverse course, The strands of these zonulae occludentes probably represent the radial thickenings of the intraperiod line described in thin sections. PMID- 1123653 TI - Ultrastructure of motor end-plates during pharmacologically-induced degeneration and subsequent regeneration of skeletal muscle. AB - A local anesthetic, methyl-bupivacaine was injected into the planta of adult mice, and the ultrastruct of motor end-plates was studied during the degenerative and regenerative cycle induced in lumbrical muscles. Muscle degeneration took place during the first day after drug administration. The postsynaptic part of the neuromuscular junction completely degenerated as did the whole injured muscle fibre. Nerve terminals, however, remained unaffected. By the second day after muscle injury, axon terminals were enclosed within Schwann cell cytoplasm and thus became separated from the residual sarcolemmal tube. One to three days later, when myotubes were formed by fusion of the surviving myoblasts, the layer of Schwann cell cytoplasm on nerve terminals was discontinuous. Subsequently nerve terminals approached the regenerating muscle cell and the subneural apparatus began to differentiate. Slight depressions and furrows appeared on the myotube surface below the nerve ending and the myotube membrane, covered with basement membrane, became undercoated by dense material in this region. Where the distance between nerve ending and myotube was reduced to that found in the normal neuromuscular junction, i.e. to about 500 A, junctional folds were formed. Fourteen days after drug administration, newly formed end-plates were indistinguishable from those in normal control lumbrical muscles. PMID- 1123654 TI - Degeneration and regeneration of adrenergic nerves in mesenteric blood vessels, iris and atrium of the rat after 6-hydroxydopamine injection. AB - Degeneration of adrenergic axons after 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA), 2 times 68 mg kg-1 i.v. within 6h, and the subsequent regeneration process over the following 205 days were studied in rat mesenteric vessels, wight atria and irides, using the histochemical fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp. The objective of the study was to determine why noradrenaline is less depleted and recovers much more rapidly in the mesentery than in other tissues after 6-OH-DA (Finch et al., 1973). The mesentery was further studied by electron microscopy and noradrenaline content analyses, until day 29 after 6-OH-DA treatment. Virtually all adrenergic terminal axons in these tissues were destroyed one day after 6-OH-DA. The large nonterminal axon bundles which occur along the mesenteric vessels and rarely in the heart survived and revealed an intensified catecholamine fluorescence; correspondingly, the mesenteric noradrenaline content was only reduced to 29% of control values. In contrast, such large nonterminal axon bundles were not observed in control iris preparations, and no adrenergic fibres survived in the irides, as suggested by fluorescence microscopy. Regenerating axons were observed in all organs after 3-8 days. The number of nerve terminals along the circumference of the external elastic lamina, as observed in ultrathin cross sections of mesenteric vessels, appeared virtually normal 4 weeks after treatment. Meanwhile, the noradrenaline content of the mesentery returned to approximately 85% of control values. As suggested by fluorescence microscopy, complete adrenergic regeneration occurred in mesenteric vessels between days 46 and 105, while regeneration in atrium and iris was incomplete even at day 205; The density of adrenergic axons in the iris, morphometrically determined, was only 76% and 88% of controls on days 160 and 205, respectively. The survival of the many large nonterminal axon bundles in the mesentery with increased NA content explains the relatively small NA depletion of the mesentery; The rapid recovery of the mesenteric NA content is due to faster regeneration of adrenergic terminal axons in the mesentery as compared with iris and atrium. This is tentatively explained in terms of sprouting from the large axon bundles surviving close to the destroyed terminal axons of the mesenteric vessels, whereas in the other tissues no (iris) or only a few (atrium) large nonterminal axon bundles occur and persist to act as a source of quickly regenerated terminal axons. PMID- 1123655 TI - Morphological changes associated with stretch in a mechano-receptor. AB - The S neurons of decapod crustacean coxal receptors respond to a constant stimulus with a steady-state response lasting for at least 20 min. This property makes it possible to fix neurons in the stretched or relaxed condition by rotating and pinning the coxa up or down respectively. In specimens perfused with 5 mM lanthanum chloride before fixation, it was found that the extracellular space around the nerve terminals, particularly the naked tubular endings, is open to ions. The cross-sections of the tubular processes (dendritic fingers) are about 25% smaller in stretched specimens, and the secondary dendritic branches connecting the fingers with the remainder of the dendrite appear shorter and thicker. The presence of mitochondria at the periphery of the main part of the dendrite and in the secondary branches, but not in the fingers, is interpreted as evidence for an electrical model similar to that proposed for vertebrate photoreceptors. The observed morphological effects of stretch are discussed in terms of this model. PMID- 1123656 TI - Injection of cymopapain into intervertebral discs. Preliminary report on 72 patients with symptoms of disc disease. AB - The author presents an evaluation of 72 patients given intradiscal chymopapain as the treatment for symptoms related to ruptured intervertebral disc. The rationale, criteria for patient selection, risks, and results are described. The author believes thatt this early follow-up suggests tha chymopapain may have a place in the treatment of symptomatic disc protrusions and extrusions. PMID- 1123657 TI - Comparison of intervertebral disc disease treatment by chymopapain injection and open surgery. AB - Chymopapain chemonucleolysis was performed on 100 patients with primary lumbar intervertebral disc disease. The results were compared with those of 174 patients who underwent laminotomy, foraminotomy, and discectomy. Primary lumbar intervertebral disc disease was arbitrarily divided into degenerative, complex, previous surgical, and simple disc syndromes. No difference was seen between chemonucleolysis and surgery in the first three divisions; between 55 percent and 60 per cent of patients responded successfully to treatment. In the simple disc division 89 per cent of the surgical and 60 per cent of the chemonucleolysis patients had successful results. PMID- 1123658 TI - Transverse axial tomography of the spine. Part 1: axial anatomy of the normal lumbar spine. AB - The authors describe the technique of transverse axial tomography of the spine and give a detailed description of the axial anatomy of the normal lumbar spine from L-4 to the sacrum. They demonstrate a specific repetitive pattern of intraosseous and articular segments, and stress the importance of the articular processes in shaping the vertebral canal and the intervertebral foramina. The authors believe axial tomography to be a simple, noninvasive radiological technique that allows cross-sectional visualization of the vertebral canal and articular processes in the living patient. PMID- 1123659 TI - Experimental cerebral vasospasm. Part 2: effects of vasoactive drugs and sympathectomy on early and late spasm. AB - The authors report the effects of vasoactive drugs and sympathectomy on experimental spasm using vertebral angiography. Papaverine and isoxsuprine injections into the vertebral artery released both early and late spasm. The antiserotonin agent, methysergide, adn the alpha adrenergic blocking agent, phentolamine, released early but not late spasm. In sympathathectomized dogs, early spasm was milder than in untreated dogs; however, late spasm was the same as in untreated dogs. The authors discuss an etiological difference between early and late spasm. PMID- 1123660 TI - Bifrontal decompressive craniectomy in the management of head trauma. AB - Retrospective analysis of 13 patients who had bifrontal decompressive craniectomy for the management of posttraumatic cerebral edema shows a significant decrease in expected mortality, but severe morbidity in the survivors. Only one patient returned to the pretrauma level of neurological function. No correlation could be found between the quality of survival and the neurological or operative findings. The need for more accurate prognostic criteria in the evaluation of severely head injured patients is discussed. PMID- 1123661 TI - Treatment of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid fistulas by subarachnoid drainage. PMID- 1123662 TI - Management of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms. AB - The authors present 26 cases of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms that were surgically treated. Contrary to the opinion that these aneurysms, which often are of giant size, must be treated conservatively or by common carotid ligation, the authors favor radical surgery, believing that carotid ligation does not provide assurance against the risk of rebleeding, and frequently is associated with failure to restore useful vision. Often these aneurysms have a neck more suitable for ligation than shown by angiography, since a giant aneurysm may overlap the carotid artery in the angiogram. Preoperative criteria and some details of radical treatment are discussed. PMID- 1123663 TI - Surgical embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations through internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Long-term results. AB - The authors describe the clinical results of surgical embolization in 55 patients with large cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Follow-up intervals ranged from 2 months to 14 years, averaging 4 1/2 years. The authors believe the procedure is safe in properly selected patients and is useful as a preliminary to direct surgical excision. It relieves associated headaches, and usually reverses or stabilizes a progressive neurological deficit. The potential for seizures probably is not altered. The incidence of hemorrhage following embolization is low for patients with no previous history of hemorrhage; however, the procedure does not reduce the likelihood of recurrence in patients with a prior history of hemorrhage. PMID- 1123664 TI - Psychological improvement following arteriovenous malformation excision. Case report. AB - A patient with a right frontal lobe arteriovenous malformation demonstrated progressive intellectual deterioration on neuropsychological tests. Following complete excision of the arteriovenous malformation, the patient's visuomotor function and visual recall were greatly improved, probably the result of elimination of arteriovenous shunts that were taking blood away from functional tissue. PMID- 1123665 TI - Arteriovenous malformation of choroid plexus. Case report. PMID- 1123666 TI - Spinal arteriovenous malformation with hypogastric blood supply. Case report. PMID- 1123667 TI - Intramedullary neurilemoma of the cervical spinal cord. Case report. PMID- 1123668 TI - Rupture of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm into the subarachnoid space during angiography. Case report. PMID- 1123669 TI - Extravasation of contrast material into subdural space from internal carotid aneurysm during angiography. Case report. PMID- 1123670 TI - Angiographic demonstration of congenital absence of both internal carotid arteries. Case report. AB - The authors present angiographic demonstration of bilateral, congenital, total absence of the internal carotid arteries in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography demonstrated complete absence of both internal carotid arteries. The intracranial blood supply had been provided by communication between a hypertrophied basilar artery and the circle of Willis through the posterior communicating arteries. An aneurysm, believed to be the site of the subarachnoid hemorrhage, arose from the basilar artery. Absence of the carotid canals substantiated the congenital nature of the anomaly. The related embryology is reviewed. PMID- 1123671 TI - Letter: Results of Scoville and Silver's questionnaire on chymopapain. PMID- 1123672 TI - Letter: Tissue effects of chymopapain. PMID- 1123673 TI - Letter: Chemonucleolysis: an appeal for objectivity. PMID- 1123674 TI - Occupational hearing loss between 85 and 90 dBA. PMID- 1123675 TI - Experience of tumors in a British plant handling 3 3' dichlorobenzidine. AB - Dichlorobenzidine has been handled at a plant in Britain over the past thirty years. No case of cancer of the bladder has been found in the exposed population. The population of two hundred and 25 is not large enough to prove DCB will not cause tumors, but a negative incidence, taken with American experience and European figures, (unpublished) suggest that the measures advocated by Scott and Williams and at present adopted provide a satisfactory code of practice. PMID- 1123677 TI - "Troubled" employees in a mental hospital. PMID- 1123676 TI - Development of physical profiles for specific jobs. AB - Inherent risk of injury associated with heavy physical work tasks frequently obviates direct job analysis -- content validity -- for predictive or diagnostic purposes. A common alternative is an appraisal of the physical attributes manifest by the job requirements and the selection of tests of related physical factors. 241 job applicants were given a test battery composed of 40-items at the University of California Medical Center, Sacramento, California. A factor analysis reduced the initial 40-item test battery to an unweighted 6-item field test battery FTB. Standards scales were established for the FTB and applied to evaluate without prejudice a second group of 300 applicants. Since the present criterion for adequate job performance is simply the successful completion of climbing school, means for each test item of the FTB were evaluated for their predictive value. The mean scores for the step test and balance were found to be significantly different, smaller than .05 between the successful and unsuccessful applicants, whether male or female. Percent fat differed significantly only in the males and two strength tests and reaction times were not significant. Additional studies were conducted on two groups of young adults with known fitness levels to better characterize the strength factors which are considered essential to acceptable pole climb performance. Significant differences were found for both static and dynamic strengths, p equals smaller than .05. In summary, a FTB of simple, objective, job related test items can be identified and validated for predictive and diagnostic purposes. Probabilities for success can be established through a preliminary self-screening test program and administered by the employment office. The test items which comprise the FTB can be figuratively presented as a profile analysis and incorporated in the employee's medical file for longitudinalappraisal. If meaningful standards can be established for use in preemployment or job transfer screening, substantial financial benefits can accrue to the company in terms of reduced administrative and training costs and a reduction in "sick leave" and liability resulting from industrial accidents. PMID- 1123678 TI - Biological effects of segmental vibration. PMID- 1123679 TI - Long-term mortality experience of steelworkers. VIII. Mortality patterns of open hearth steelworkers (a preliminary report). AB - The findings in this report of a deficit in mortality from cardiovascular diseases and an excess in diseases of the digestive system among open hearth workers indicate the need for further study of men working in hot environments. In future reports we hope to refine the comparisons by obtaining data which will enable classification of workers more precisely by intensity and duration of exposure within the open hearth. Of particular importance in future work are the evaluation of possible relationships between the actual levels of heat exposure and subsequent morbidity and mortality, as well as possible interactions between heat stress and physical exertion in terms of the incidence of heart disease and other select diseases. PMID- 1123680 TI - Letters to the editor: Leukemia and potential benzene exposure. PMID- 1123681 TI - Editorial: What constitutes proof? (3, 3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE). PMID- 1123683 TI - Letter: Outplacement physical exams. PMID- 1123682 TI - How to make cervical cancer control in industry more effective. PMID- 1123684 TI - Blood lead analysis - precision and stability. PMID- 1123685 TI - An investigation of the chemical contact lens problem. AB - An evaluation of the "chemical trapping premise" was made to determine if, in fact, chemicals do accumulate behind a contact lens if a wearer encounters chemical splash. Photographs were taken to document the effect of chemical splashes. A photograph of a normal eye, Fig 7, taken prior to the insertion of a contact lens is included for purposes of comparison. Under the conditions investigated, it was demonstrated that, for liquid irritant exposures, eyes are afforded more protection when wearing contact lenses than when not. Test results suggest the contact lens acts as a barrier to the irritant on the cornea. The investigators postulate that lid spasm occurs, causing the lens to tighten against the cornea, thereby effectively sealing off the area under the lens. Since the "barrier" effect appears to be a function of time, more testing of this variable is warranted. Moreover, further investigation is indicated using a broader spectrum of irritants and an extended environmental exposure to dust and vapors. PMID- 1123686 TI - Occupational health's future. PMID- 1123688 TI - Ozone hazard in UV isolation units. PMID- 1123687 TI - Hypertension in Oregon pesticide-formulating workers. AB - In a statewide survey of hypertension prevalence among pesticideformulating workers and controls in Oregon, we found no difference in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values but a modest excess of hypertension prevalence among chlorophenoxy herbicide workers which was largely explained by a greater constitutional predisposition to hypertension as estimated by positive family histories. Neither our study nor other published to date are adequate to allay the suspicion that chronic pesticide exposure may increase the risk of hypertension manifestation. PMID- 1123689 TI - Photopic spectral sensitivity of the peripheral retina. AB - Photopic spectral sensitivity was determined in the mid- and far-peripheral retina by two methods. The first consisted of measuring increment thresholds on a background similar in spectral composition to CIE Source A. The resulting spectral-sensitivity functions displayed maxima at about 440 nm, in agreement with previous work. The second method consisted of measuring dark-adaptation curves following termination of the background. From these curves, spectral sensitivity functions were derived for various times in the dark. The results showed that the 440 nm maximum quickly diminished. When photopic thresholds were estimated from the cone plateau of the dark-adaptation curves, the spectral sensitivity functions peaked at about 550 nm and had much the same shape from the parafovea to the far periphery. We suggest that previous findings of maximum photopic sensitivity in the short-wave region of the spectrum resulted from chromatic adaptation induced by backgrounds (such as Source A) that were weighted towards middle and long waves. PMID- 1123690 TI - Visibility of low-spatial-frequency sine-wave targets: Dependence on number of cycles. AB - The number of cycles in a low-frequency sinusoidal display is a crucial variable in determining the visibility of the display. In particular, the threshold contrast is essentially independent of spatial frequency for these displays. We have extended the above experiments, using more cycles and a variety of targets and observer tasks. The results confirm previous findings; they also show that the type of target or task has little influence. For low-frequency sinusoids that contain up to about 3 cycles, the threshold contrast is determined by the number of cycles. For high-number-of-cycles targets with spatial frequencies above 6-10 cycles per degree, visibility is predominantly dependent on the spatial frequency. The results suggest that the low-frequency decrease in reported MTF's is due to the decrease of the number of cycles used in determining them. PMID- 1123691 TI - Letter: Correction to "Power transfer between nonparallel and tapered optical fibers". PMID- 1123692 TI - Letter: Chromostereopsis with small pupils. PMID- 1123694 TI - Editorial: The hazards of motorcycles. PMID- 1123693 TI - Letter: luminous-efficiency functions determined by heterochromatic brightness matching. PMID- 1123695 TI - Penicillin allergy. PMID- 1123696 TI - Editorial: Progressive extrahepatic biliary obstruction of the newborn. PMID- 1123697 TI - Editorial: Advisory council for pediatric surgery. PMID- 1123698 TI - Follow-up studies of long term survivors after hepatic portoenterostomy for "noncorrectible" biliary atresia. AB - Fourteen patients with "noncorrectable" biliary atresia are living without jaundice for more than 2 yr after hepatic portoenterostomy or its modification. Retardation of physical growth was observed in one of them, and mental retardation in another, both of which seemed irrelevant to biliary atresia. Serial tests for liver function after operation revealed early recovery of serum bilirubin, transminase, and turbidity, and delayed improvement of alkaline phosphatase. Postoperative needle biopsy of the liver disclosed that changes in hepatic parenchyma and ductular proliferation were rapidly improved after successful operation. Improvement of fibrosis of the liver was delayed, and it was not satisfactory in patients whose preoperative changes in the liver were severe or in whom ascending cholangitis had been a frequent complication. Histologic features of hepatic cirrhosis were observed in the liver in three cases, in two of which there had been frequent episodes of cholangitis. Only one of these showed clinical signs of portal hypertension. Functional and morphologic cure can be achieved in "noncorrectable" biliary atresia by hepatic portoenterostomy or its modifications, although varying degree of hepatic fibrosis may remain according to severity of preoperative changes of the liver and postoperative complication of ascending cholangitis. PMID- 1123699 TI - Sacrococcygeal teratoma: a 33-year experience. AB - During the years 1941 through 1973, 48 patients, 16 males and 32 females, with sacrococcygeal teratoma were seen at the Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles. Forty four patients have been followed, three are lost to follow-up, and one patient died 2 wk after excision of teratoma. Of the 44 patients with follow-up, 26 had teratoma with mature tissues only, all these patients are living. Six patients had tumor containing mature and embryonic tissues. Of these, five are living and one died with metastases of malignant teratoma 1 yr after excision of the primary tumor. Of the remaining 12 patients, 11 have died during the first 4 yr of life due to malignant teratoma and only one is living without recurrence 15 yr after excision of teratoma containing frankly neoplastic tissues. Recurrence and/or metastasis of malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma was lethal in all instances. PMID- 1123700 TI - Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum in infancy. AB - Nine infants underwent operations for perforation of a Meckel's diverticulum over a 21-yr period. All of the infants were acutely ill when initially seen by the surgical service. Lethargy, irritability, anorexia, fever, abdominal tenderness, and passage of blood in the stools were common clinical manifestations. The preoperative diagnosis of perforated Meckel's diverticulum was not made in any of the cases. Skilled preoperative and postoperative management is important for the survival of these infants. There was no mortality and minimal morbidity. In retrospect, the peptic etiology of perforation in this age group is a key to early recognition. The past history of most of the patients includes previous episodes of blood in the stools and episodic abdominal complaints. PMID- 1123701 TI - Major hepatic resections in children. AB - Twenty-three major hepatic resections in children are presented. An unusually low number of associated injuries is noted in the trauma group. There was one operative death and complications were limited to five patients. Biliary decompression was not employed. Complications did not include respiratory, renal, or hepatic failure. Gastrointestinal bleeding was not seen. Although debridement seems adequate for subsegmental injuries, anatomic lobectomy must be considered for more severe injuries involving multiple segments of a single lobe. PMID- 1123702 TI - Nasotracheal intubation in diphtheria. AB - Nasotracheal intubation can be used effectively for the relief of upper airway obstruction in diphtheria. It has many advantages over tracheostomy; it avoids an operation and it eases anxiety of the parents. Of 57 patients so treated, 50 recovered without injury to the larynx in any patient. PMID- 1123703 TI - Bacteroides: a cause of residual abscess? AB - Bacteroides fragilis as a cause of residual abscess has not been previously demonstrated. This clinical and bacteriologic study of 54 consecutive cases of appendectomy in children suggests that if B. fragilis is found in the peritoneal fluid at the time of operation there is a strong possibility of residual abscess development. Special collection and culture methods are necessary to obtain positive cultures of this strictly anaerobic organism. PMID- 1123704 TI - The continent vesicostomy. PMID- 1123705 TI - The relationship of intestinal adhesions to infrared heating lamp exposure. AB - The incidence of postoperative intestinal adhesions and microscopic intestinal injury resulting from the use of overhead infrared heating lamps was studied in 45 rabbits. Exposure of intestine to infrared light for 2 hr or longer at a distance of 1-1/2 ft produced adhesions in 87% of the rabbits, whereas exposure to heat under the same conditions but at a distance of 3 ft resulted in adhesions in 37% of rabbits. The incidence and severity of adhesions correlated directly with the period of intestinal exposure to infrared heat. No histologic evidence of intestinal injury was apparent in intestine exposed to infrared heat under the conditions of this study. PMID- 1123706 TI - Uretero-vas deferens anastomosis associated with imperforate anus: an embryologically predictable occurrence. PMID- 1123708 TI - Agenesis of the dorsal mesentery without jejunoilial atresia ("apple peel small bowel"). AB - Agenesis of the dorsal mesentery with apple peel or Christmas tree deformity but without small-bowel atresia can occur beyond the neonatal period. The recognition of this entity is imperative as it is also associated with a marginal artery which may be the only blood supply to the majority of small bowel. Preservation of this vessel is necessary to avoid catastrophic bowel death. PMID- 1123707 TI - Tracheoesophageal fistual after lye ingestion. PMID- 1123709 TI - Hypertension and unilateral hydronephrosis in children successfully treated by pyeloplasty: report of two cases. PMID- 1123710 TI - Perforation of the gallbladder in association with acute perforated duodenal stress ulcer. PMID- 1123711 TI - Moral judgment in sociopathic and normal children. AB - Mental age- and IQ-matched normal and sociopathic children were administered Kohlberg's moral development interview and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The results revealed that level of moral reasoning was higher for normal than for sociopathic children at both mental age levels. Within each group, high-mental-age children tended to have higher moral judgment scores than low-mental-age children, suggesting the presence of a general cognitive factor underlying moral development. The poorer performance of the sociopathic children was interpreted as supporting the formulation that sociopathy is related to an arrest in moral development. Discussion focused on the relative lack of opportunities for role-taking and identification in the families of sociopathic children. PMID- 1123712 TI - Endorsement of formal leaders: an integrative model. AB - This experiment develops an integrative, path-analytic model for the endorsement accorded formal leaders. The model contains four independent variables reflecting aspects of group structure (i.e., group success-failure, the payoff distribution, the degree of support by others members for the leader, and the vulnerability of the leader). Also included are two intervening variables reflecting perceptual processes (attributed competence and attributed fairness), and one dependent variable endorsement). The results indicate that endorsement is greater when the group's success is high, when the payoff distribution is flat rather than hierarchial, and when the leader is not vulnerable to removal from office. Other support had no significant impact on endorsement. Analyses further demonstrate that the effect of success-failure on endorsement is mediated by attributed competence, while the effect of the payoff distributed is mediated by attributed fairness. These results suggest that moral and task evaluations are distinct bases of endorsement. PMID- 1123713 TI - Physical attractiveness, social relations, and personality style. AB - The relationship between physical attractiveness, social contact with members of the same and opposite sex, and personality factors was determined. Sixty male and 60 female university freshmen who were rejected, accepted, or unknown to their same-sex peers served as subjects. A reliable rating of physical attractiveness by independent judges showed that rejected subjects were most attractive, accepted subjects were next most attractive and unknown subjects were least attractive. There was a positive relationship between physical attractiveness and dating for females, but not for males. A factor analysis of subjects' personality inventory scores and subsequent analyses of variance of personality factors by sociometric groups showed that rejected subjects of both sexes were independent, achieving, and ambitious; accepted subjects were affiliative and affectionate; and isolated subjects were emotionally constricted, defensive, and withdrawn. PMID- 1123714 TI - Comparison of social judgments of creativity and intelligence. AB - Social judgment of creativity and intelligence was investigated by having subjects give trait ratings for stimulus profiles of actual art students based on abilities information alone, based on personality information alone, based on biographical information alone, and finally, based on the total set of all three types of cue information. Regression equations differed depending upon whether intelligence or creativity judgments were being predicted. For all types of information, there was a significant amount of variation unique to creativity judgments which could not be accounted for by intelligence judgments, and vice versa. However, the proposition of variation unique to each type of trait judgment was smallest when subjects had only abilities information available and was approximately four times larger when judgments were based on the total set of three types of cue information. Implications of this finding for the study of creativity are discussed. PMID- 1123715 TI - Do people have inflated views of their own ability. AB - An experiment tested a need-for-self-esteem notion that people inflate self appraisals of ability, deny criticism, and overrespond to praise. Actors and bystanders rated actors' performances on a nonobjective task after hearing the performance praised or criticized or before hearing it evaluated. No evidence of self-enhancement was found; to the contrary, actors compared to bystanders rated themselves harshly, lowered their ratings after criticism equally, and showed relief after praise. A second experiment compared actor and bystander ratings of actors who expected evaluation of their performances or who expected no evaluation. Results suggested self-derogation by actors as a defense against possible loss of self-esteem. PMID- 1123716 TI - Effects of altered responsibility, congnitive set, and modeling on physical aggression and deindividuation. AB - This laboratory investigation using 64 college students as subjects assessed the role of three disinhibiting variables in producing both physical aggression and an internal state of deindividuation. Altered responsibility, congnitive set, and modeling were manipulated in a factorial design, and all three variables significantly increased physical aggression. No interaction produced significant results. The increase due to altered responsibility and varying cognitions supports Zimbardo's theory of deindividuation which relates certain input variables to wild, impulsive behavior. Questionnaire data indicated that the increase in aggression was not accompanied by internal mediational factors such as reduced self-awareness. It appears that disinhibiting forces may produce increases in antisocial behavior without necessarily producing a deindividuated internal state. PMID- 1123717 TI - Leader effectiveness and leadership conferral as determinants of helping in a medical emergency. AB - This study investigated the contribution of an individual's qualification for discussion group leadership (LGD) and the method of leadership conferral, election versus appointment, upon his group's response to a medical emergency. Five-person, face-to-face groups with high LGD leaders responded more frequently and more rapidly to a confederate member's diabetic reaction than did groups with low LGD leaders. Low LGD leaders were frequently overthrown, while groups with high LGD leaders experienced continuity of leadership. Conferral process had no discernible effect on helping or overthrows. It was concluded that a victim is the more fortunate if his group's leader is assertive. PMID- 1123718 TI - The antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory actions of bretylium and its o-iodobenzyl trimethylammonium analog, UM-360. AB - The antiarrhythmic, adrenergic-stimulating and blocking properties of bretylium and a structural analog UM-360, o-iodobenzyl trimethylammonium chloride, were studied in the anesthetized dog. Bretylium produced an initial sympathomimetic effect with a subsequent blockade of cardiac responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation. Bretylium was observed to produce an antifibrillatory effect when the vulnerability to fibrillation was measured as the current required to evoke ventricular fibrillation (ventricular fibrillation threshold) or the spontaneous development of ventricular fibrillation in response to a one-stage occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 20 minutes followed by release. In animals intoxicated with ouabain, however, bretylium was not effective in reversing the ventricular tachycardia. UM-360, in contrast to bretylium, did not produce adrenergic stimulation or blockade of sympathetic neuronal activity. UM 360, however, produced a marked antifibrillatory effect by increasing the electrical threshold to ventricular fibrillation and reducing the incidence of ventricular fibrillation in response to coronary artery occlusion. The results of this study suggest that the quaternary ammonium structure, as possessed by bretylium and UM-360, may be of significance with respect to the antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory effects of these agents. PMID- 1123719 TI - The correlation between spontaneous contractions and postjunctional supersensitivity of the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens. AB - Chronic postganglionic denervation of the rate vas deferens produces an increase in the sensitivity of the in vitro smooth muscle to norepinephrine, methoxamine, acetylcholine, potassium and electrical stimulation. The maximal contractile response to norepinephrine and acetylcholine is increased but the maximal response to potassium or electrical stimulation is not affected. In addition, the vas deferens becomes spontaneously active after denervation. The spontaneous contractions are not prevented by tetrodotoxin, phentolamine or atropine. The appearance and magnitude of the spontaneous contractions are temporally correlated with the development of postjunctional supersensitivity. At a given time after denervation there is a significant correlation between the magnitude of the spontaneous contractions and the sensitivity to norepinephrine, i.e., the sensitivity to norepinephrine being greatest in those tissues with the largest spontaneous contractions. There is an inverse relationship between the magnitude of the spontaneous contractions and the endogenous norepinephrine concentration. Pretreatment of rats with reserpine (1. 0 mg/kg/day for 5-7 days) results in supersensitivity of the vas deferens ,o norepinephrine and acetylcholine. Those tissues obtained from reserpine-pretreated rats which are supersensitive are also spontaneously active. It is concluded that the -ppearance of spontaneous contractions in the rat vas deferens is an index of postjunctional supersensitivity. PMID- 1123720 TI - Inhibition of brain catecholamine synthesis and release of prolactin and luteinizing hormone in the ovariectomized rat. AB - The effects of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MT) on brain catecholamine synthesis and plasma prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels were determined in ovariectomized rats to ascertain whether the release of either hormone from the anterior pituitary is dependent on the release of newly synthesized dopamine and norepinephrine. Doses of alpha-MT ranging from 3.15 to 25 mg/kg were administered via a carotid cannula to unrestrained ovariectomized rats. Within 10 minutes, alpha-MT caused a significant dose-related increase in plasma concentrations of prolactin which became maximal 20 to 25 minutes after the injection. Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone were not affected. Alpha-MT caused a dose-related decrease in the accumulation of 3-H-norepinephrine and 3-H-dopamine in the brain after the administration of 3-H-tyrosine. The time course of the inhibition of catecholamine synthesis closely paralleled the increase in plasma prolactin concentration. Alpha-MT had no effect on endogenous catecholamines. The results suggest that catecholamine-containing neurons exert a tonic inhibitory influence on the release of prolactin in ovariectomized rats. PMID- 1123721 TI - A sensitive method for the comparative bioassay of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds in adjuvant-induced primary inflammation in the rat. AB - A method for the comparative bioassay of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is presented which exploits the early inflammation induced by injection of adjuvant into the plantar surface of a hind paw of the rat. The inflammation reaches a peak on the 4th postinjection day. Daily treatment with nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents reduces paw volumes and the associated impairment of body growth with optimal improvement on the 4th postinjection day. In this model, phenylbutazone has shown significant activity at doses as low at 1.33 mg/kg/day. Statistically valid comparative assays conducted at dose levels equivalent to or below those used in human therapy yield potency ratios with relatively narrow confidence limits. Potencies relative to phenylbutazone for inhibiting primary adjuvant-induced inflammation are: aminopyrine, 0.066 (0.36-0.11)95%; aspirin, 0.087 (0.039-0.19)95%; mefenamic acid, 0.98 (0.64-1.6)95%; flufenamic acid, 13 (7.4-26)95%; meclofenamic acid, 23(16-33)95%; and indomethacin, 53 (35-82) 95%. Ancillary and sometimes quantitative information is also provided by the improvement in well being of the animals as reflected in body weight changes with treatment. PMID- 1123722 TI - Comparative activities, tolerances and safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in rats. AB - Relative anti-inflammatory potencies of aspirin, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, three fenamates and several other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents were obtained in several laboratory models of acute and chronic inflammation. Relative toxicities and ulcerogenicities were determined in rats of the same source, strain and sex. The acute ulcerogenic assay measures the minimal irritation potential of these agents and leads to a sensitive index of the safety of such compounds when compared with their therapeutic potencies. By these criteria, meclofenamic acid is a highly potent, acceptably safe and exceptionally well tolerated anti-inflammatory-antipyretic agent in rats when compared with other such drugs. PMID- 1123723 TI - Thiol adducts of ethacrynic acid: a correlation of the rate of liberation of ethacrynic acid with the onset and magnitude of the diuretic response. AB - It is thought that a derivative of ethacrynic acid (EA) must possess an intact alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone group in order to be capable of eliciting a diuretic response. The 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol and the cysteine adducts of ethacrynic acid lack such a functional group and still have diuretic activity, especially the cysteine adduct. An in vitro study showed that various thiol adducts of EA liberate EA and the accompanying thiol at a rate that is primarily dependent on the nature of the functional groups present in the thiol portion of the adduct. When the thiol adducts of EA were injected into dogs, the cysteine and mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride adducts which rapidly release EA under specific in vitro conditions were as effective as EA in producing a diuretic response. The onset of action was also similar to that of EA. The thiosalicylic acid adduct of EA releases the accompanying thiol at an intermediate rate in vitro and was less effective than EA in a small dose (3.3 mumol/kg) and the peak response to it was slower to develop. Other adducts that release EA and the accompanying thiol slowly in vitro either produce a very weak response which takes considerable time to develop or are completely devoid of diuretic activity. Thus, the onset and magnitude of the diuretic response produced by various thiol adducts of EA (with the possible exception of the cysteine adduct) are governed primarily by the rate of in vivo release of EA. PMID- 1123724 TI - Plasma testosterone levels in heroin addiction and during methadone maintenance. AB - Heroin use was consistently associated with low plasma testosterone levels in narcotic addicts. Heroin addicts maintained on high dosage methadone (80-150 mg/day) also had depressed testosterone levels. Patients on low dosage methadone maintenance (10-60 mg/day) had testosterone levels which were not significant;y different from normal adult male controls. An inverse relationship between methadone dosage and plasma testosterone occurred during methadone detoxification. These findings indicate that heroin and methadone alter male androgen levels with possible derivative effects upon sexual and aggressive behaviors. PMID- 1123725 TI - Pentaerythritol tetranitrate and metabolites in rat plasma. AB - Intact pentaerythritol (PE) tetranitrate and all seven of its metabolites were present in blood withdrawn from the hearts of rats dosed by gavage with 14-C-PE tetranitrate (10 mg/kg). The plasma half-life (T 1/2) of PE tetranitrate was 2 hours which is far longer than the rat T 1/2 values of all other organic nitrates in clinical use. PE trinitrate, the obligatory metabolite of PE tetranitrate now in clinical trial, establishes much higher plasma levels and has a longer T 1/2 (3 hours) than its parent drug. PE trinitrate glucuronide acts as a reservoir for its aglycone and remains in blood for 48 hours after PE tetranitrate administration. PMID- 1123726 TI - Long-term effects of p-chloroamphetamine and related drugs on central serotonergic mechanisms. AB - Earlier studies from our laboratory have demonstrated a marked reduction in the brain level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and in the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase which persists for several weeks after a single dose of 10 mg/kg of p chloroamphetamine (PCA). In the present study, equally long-lasting decreases were found after the administration of 5 mg/kg of PCA. p-Chloromethamphetamine also caused long-lasting reductions in the level of 5-HT and the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase in brain, whereas the effects of fenfluramine had disappeared 2 weeks after injection. The ability of brain synaptosomes to take up 5-HT was markedly reduced following doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg of PCA. The in vitro addition of PCA to synaptosomal fractions markedly reduced the uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine; however, only a 30% reduction in the uptake of these amines was found in synaptosomes prepared from brains of rats treated with PCA. The effects on catecholamine uptake disappeared within 1 day after injection. In contrast, the time course of recovery of the synaptosomal uptake capacity for 5 HT followed a pattern similar to that found for the recovery of the level of 5-HT and the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, with a 50% reduction still present 3 months after the injection of 10 mg/kg of PCA. The greatest reductions of 5-HT, tryptophan hydroxylase activity and synaptosomal uptake were found in the midbrain, hippocampus and striatum with less pronounced effects in the hypothalamus, medulla-pons and spinal cord. At both 1 and 14 days after injection of 5 and 7.5 mg/kg of PCA, tryptophan hydroxylase activity in whole brain was reduced by 50% or more; however, 4 days after treatment the activity of the enzyme was reduced only slightly or not at all. The results indicate that different independent mechanisms are responsible for the initial, reversible and the prolonged, irreversible effects of PCA on serotonergic neurons. PMID- 1123728 TI - Improving the reproduction of diffraction patterns. PMID- 1123729 TI - Survey of instrument science courses in the UK. PMID- 1123727 TI - Comparative studies of substrates and inhibitors of choline transport and choline acetyltransferase. AB - Analogs of choline and three hemicholinium derivatives were studied as substrates for choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) and as substrates or inhibitors of the high affinity choline transport system in rat brain synaptosomes. Hemicholiniums-3 and -15, but not terphenylhemicholinium-3, were substrates of ChAc. All three inhibit the high-affinity choline transport system, with I50 values of 0.08, 8.0 and 0.08 muM, respectively. Simple choline analogs with substituents on the beta-carbon atom were found to be very poor substrates for ChAc. N-alkyl analogs, mono-, di- and triethyl choline and N-hydroxyethyl pyrrolidinium methiodide (pyrrolcholine), and DL-alpha-methyl choline are substrates for ChAc and also inhibit choline transport, with I50 values between 2 to 6 muM.[3-H] choline, [3-H] monoethycholine and [3-H] pyrrolcholine were transported into synaptosomes by the choline high affinity system and metabolized to acetyl derivatives. The results indicated that choline transport is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine and provide the basis for the development of a group of cholinergic false transmitters. PMID- 1123730 TI - Letter: Comment on a study of laser-acoustic air pollution monitors. PMID- 1123732 TI - Formvar holey films and nets for electron microscopy. PMID- 1123731 TI - Electron microscope specimen tilt stage. PMID- 1123733 TI - Dorsal horn neurones responding to cutaneous afferent input. PMID- 1123734 TI - Physiology and morphology of identified spinal cord neurones. PMID- 1123735 TI - A chemical method of lowering the P0-2 of blood in experimental studies of arterial chemoreceptor reflexes. PMID- 1123736 TI - Use of anthropometry and radiography for the estimation of limb (and component tissue) volume of patients recovering from leg fractures. PMID- 1123737 TI - A torque-induced motion analyser. PMID- 1123738 TI - Histamine-stimulated hydrogen ion secretion by in vitro piglet gastric mucosa. AB - 1. A new preparation of gastric mucosa isolated from new-born piglets is described. The piglet gastric mucosa was easily separated from the serosal muscle layers by a "blistering" technique which appeared to cause minimal trauma to the tissue and which allowed extended study in vitro in a suitable chamber. Normal resting p.d. was approximately minus 30 mV (mucosal side negative with respect to serosal side), resistance about 100 omega. cm-2 and H+ secretion was absent or occurred at very low rates (0-1mu-equiv/cm-2. hr). 2. Maximally stimulating doses of histamine (1-6 times 10-5 M) caused H+ secretion to increase (up to 15 muequiv/cm-2. hr), p.d. to increase and resistance to decrease. A close correlation was observed between the increase in H+ secretion and decrease in transmucosal resistance. The threshold dose of histamine appeared to be 10-8 M; concentrations 10-4 M and higher reduced H+ secretion somewhat. 3. Pentagastrin ( 10-9-10-7 M) and acetylcholine (10-7-10-5 M) did not significantly stimulate the piglet gastric mucosa. Pentagastrin concentrations above 4 times 10-6 M reversibly inhibited H+ secretion of histamine-stimulated mucosa. High concentrations of acetylcholine (above 4 times 10-4 M) did not affect histamine stimulated H+ secretion, but a significant reduction in p.d. was observed. 4. This investigation demonstrates the utility of the piglet gastric mucosa for in vitro studies of the mechanism H+ secretion and the action of secretagogues. From a consideration of such factors as the thinness of tissue and ease of preparation it is suggested that neonatal animals may represent a good source of in vitro mammalian gastric tissue. PMID- 1123739 TI - A method of producing graded stenosis of the aortic and mitral valves in sheep for fluid dynamic studies. PMID- 1123741 TI - Processing and analysis of beat-by-beat estimates of heart rate and mean arterial pressure in man. PMID- 1123740 TI - Changes in non-electrolyte permeability of alveoli and the absorption of lung liquid at the start of breathing in the lamb. AB - 1. Experiments were done on mature foetal lambs, 135-145 days in gestation, exteriorized at Caesarean section, and on new-born lambs aged 12-60 hr. In the foetal lambs, test substances were added to lung liquid and then spontaneous ventilation was induced or the lungs were statically inflated with gas or saline. In the new-born lambs, the left lung was ventilated in order to maintain respiratory gas-exchange, while foetal lung liquid, taken from previous experiments and containing test substances, was introduced into the right lung, which was then inflated with gas and used for permeability measurements. In both foetuses and new-borns, the gas used was O2 or N2O and, at 20 min intervals, ventilation or static inflation was interrupted, the gas in the lungs absorbed into the circulation and the remaining liquid sampled through the trachea. The following test substances were used in various combinations: [14C]-erythritol, [3H]sucrose, [14C]inulin, [131I]albumin, and the polymer [131I]-PVP. The last of these was separated, after the experiments, by gel filtration with Sephadex G200 or G50, into fractions of defined molecular radius. [131I]albumin, or a large molecule fraction of [131I]PVP, was used as a volume marker. 2. Spontaneous ventilation was associated with the absorption of liquid and with an alteration in the foetal pattern of non-electrolyte permeability that could be characterized by postulating an opening up of water-filled cylindrical pores to 34-56 A in radium. In the new-born lambs, the results suggested pores 7-14 A in radius. 3. Static inflation of the foetal lungs with gas, to pressures of 25-35 cmH2O, gave permeabilities appropriate for pores 5-5-12 A in radius. Static inflation with gas, to pressures of 41-49 cmH2O, produced changes appropriate for much larger channels, more than 125 A in radius and possibly much larger. With one exception, expansion with saline produced changes similar to those obtained by gas inflation to 25-35 cmH20. 4. It was concluded that in the initial stages of pulmonary ventilation a change takes place in alveolar epithelial cells. The increase in size would be sufficient to allow for rapid liquid absorption, but is not so great as to permit significant penetration by plasma albumin. The results obtained in the lung of the new-born lamb statically inflated to 25-32 cmH2O suggest that, following the initial adaptation, alveolar permeability returns towards the foetal pattern, although the pores remain larger than in the foetus. The change in permeability pattern at birth appears to depend on the degree of lung expansion with gas. PMID- 1123742 TI - Effects of enucleation of Hela cells on Na and K contents, fluxes and ouabain binding. PMID- 1123744 TI - Excitability of human gastrocnemius motor neurones at the time of the knee jerk. PMID- 1123743 TI - Monosynaptic connexions among Aplysia neurones examined by the intracellular application of tea. AB - 1. Several assumptions underlying the use of intracellularly applied tetraethylammonium (TEA) for assessing monosynaptic connexions were evaluated in identified neurones of Aplysia. 2. In the R2 neurons, intrasomatic TEA application prolongs the duration of the intrasomatically recorded action potential. Subsequently, the action potential in the axon of R2, recorded extracellularly 4-7 mm from the soma, was also prolonged. 3. Intracellular application of TEA into the somata of the multi-action interneurone L10 enhances the duration of the L10 AP and results in larger and more prolonged post-synaptic potentials (p.s.p.s) recorded from neurones believed to be connected monosynaptically with L10. The action potential duration and wave form of p.s.p.s elicited by nerve stimulation in these same post-synaptic neurones were unaffected during the time L10-mediated p.s.p.s were potentiated. 4. Following TEA injection into L10 the p.s.p. recorded in neurone L7 changes wave form in a manner similar to that observed when L10 is tetanized. 5. It is concluded that TEA migrates from its intracellular site of application, does not leave the injected neurone in significant quantities, and alters the wave form of the p.s.p in only those neurones connected monosynaptically to the injected neurone. PMID- 1123745 TI - A multi-channel remote controlled electrical stimulating system for neurophysiological experiments. PMID- 1123746 TI - Spontaneously active cells in the abdominal and parietal ganglia of the giant snail Archachatina. PMID- 1123747 TI - The reversible antagonism of the glutamate-induced inhibitions of Helix neurons. PMID- 1123748 TI - Brown adipose tissue in the new-born calf (Bos taurus). AB - 1. Electron microscopic examinations revealed that most of the adipose tissue of new-born calves had the cellular morphology of brown adipose tissue; only subcutaneous tissue had the cellular morphology of white adipose tissue. 2. The cellular morphology of the brown adipose tissue changed progressively to that of white adipose tissue as the age of the calves increased. 3. Infusion of noradrenaline (I.V.) at rates of 1 and 5 mug/kg.min into new-born calves exposed to a thermoneutral environment increased metabolic rate two- to threefold, and also increased rectal temperature and respiration rate. The responses declined as age of calf increased. 4. Approximately 2% of the body weight of new-born calves appears to be brown adipose tissue. PMID- 1123749 TI - Analysis of a 'resting' potassium permeability that can be synaptically reduced. PMID- 1123750 TI - Variations of intracellular chloride activity caused by changes of extracellular potassium in Aplysia neurones. PMID- 1123751 TI - Voltage-clamp of potential recorded intracellularly with microelectrodes in smooth muscle. PMID- 1123752 TI - The effects of angiotensin on fluid transport and blood flow in rat jejunum. PMID- 1123754 TI - A device for analysing multi-unit neural recordings. PMID- 1123753 TI - The sites of inhibition of alpha-methylglucoside transfer in hamster intestine by L-proline ang galactose. PMID- 1123755 TI - Intracellular chloride activities in the mucosal epithelium of rabbit terminal ileum. PMID- 1123756 TI - Salivary secretion in the camel. PMID- 1123758 TI - Synaptic potentials recorded from some neurones of the submucous plexus of guinea pig intestine. PMID- 1123757 TI - Transport and electrical phenomena in resting and secreting piglet gastric mucosa. AB - 1. Gastric mucosae were isolated from piglets (0-5 days old) and mounted in a chamber where electrical properties and secretory function could be measured. Unlike many previously reported mammalian in vitro preparations, pig gastric mucosae were stable and physiologically responsive for many hours after isolation. 2. With similar Ringer solutions bathing both surfaces, the isolated piglet gastric mucosa maintained a p.d. with the mucosal surface 30-35 mV negative with respect to the serosal surface. Limitation of access of Na+ from the mucosal bathing solution to the tissue (e.g. replacement of Na+ on mucosal side with choline or treatment with 10- minus 5 M amiloride) produced a decrease in p.d. and increase in mucosal resistance consistent with an hypothesis of Na+ transport from mucosa to serosa. 3. Isotopic flux measurements (36Cl and 24Na) and net H+ secretory rate were performed during open and short-circuit conditions, while the tissue was at rest and after stimulation of HCl secretion by 6 times 10- minus 5 M histamine. Up to 90% of the respective short-circuit current for resting or secreting mucosae was accounted for as the algebraic sum of Cl minus, H+ or Na+ fluxes. 4. The net transport of Na+ which occurred from mucosa to serosa during rest (ca. 4-7 muequiv/cm2.hr) was somewhat reduced during HCl secretion (ca. 2-7 muequiv/cm2.hr). This active transport of Na+ was more resistant to anaerobiosis than was H+ or Cl minus transport. 5. An active transport component of Cl minus from serosa to mucosa was clearly demonstrable in the non-secreting preparations (ca. 3-9 muequiv/cm2.hr). Active Cl minus transport was stimulated three- to fourfold after H+ secretion was stimulated by histamine. Anaerobiosis promptly reduced Cl minus and H+ transport. An exchange diffusion component was demonstrated for Cl minus which appeared to be prominent during H+ secretory activity and was considerably diminished in resting mucosae. 6. Large changes in mucosal resistance were associated with conditions of rest, histamine stimulation and anaerobic conditions; mean values were 113, 74 and 197 omega.cm2, respectively. Electrical conductance of the isolated gastric mucosa was due primarily to partial ionic conductance of Cl minus (60-65%) and Na+ (10 15%). The partial conductance of H+ was extremely low. The observed increase in tissue conductance associated with H+ secretory activity and the changes in the long-time constant p.d. transient to a current pulse are discussed in terms of the relative contribution of the serosal and mucosal plasma membrane surfaces. PMID- 1123759 TI - The dependence of the speed of contraction of fast and slow muscle on innervation. PMID- 1123760 TI - The effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on zinc absorption by rat duodenum in vivo. PMID- 1123761 TI - Hepatic uptake of glucose in well-fed conscious sheep. PMID- 1123762 TI - Tension receptors in the oesophagus and stomach of the rat. PMID- 1123763 TI - A pharmacological analysis of the inhibitory effects of the sympathetic nerves on the rabbit colon. PMID- 1123764 TI - Electromyography of human biceps during imposed sinusoidal movement of the elbow joint. PMID- 1123765 TI - Fore- and hind-limb muscle afferent projections to the superior colliculus of the cat. PMID- 1123766 TI - Cerebellar responses to passive eye movement in the rabbit. PMID- 1123767 TI - Responses of neurones in the cerebellar corpus of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). PMID- 1123768 TI - The identification of factors favouring athletic ability in dogs. PMID- 1123769 TI - Physiological responses to one- and two-leg exercise following training. PMID- 1123770 TI - Respiratory response to carbon dioxide in Nigerian men. PMID- 1123771 TI - Breath-by-breath pattern in man during steady-state bicycle exercise. PMID- 1123772 TI - Regenerative hyperpolarization in rods. AB - 1. The electrical properties of the rods in Necturus maculosus were studied at the cell body and the outer segments in dark and light under current and voltage clamp with a pair of intracellular electrodes separated by about 1 mum. 2. The membrane resistance in the dark was voltage- and time-dependent both for the cell body and the outer segment. Slight depolarizations in the cell body reduced the slope resistance from 60 to 10 M omega with a time constant of about 1 sec. Polarization in either direction, at the outer segment, when greater than about 20 mV, reduced the slope resistance from 60 to 30 M omega. The dark potential in the cell body was typically -30 to -35 m V; at the outer segment it was typically only -10 to -15 mV. 3. The light-elicited voltage response in both the cell body and the outer segment was largest with the membrane near the dark potential level. In both regions, the response was reduced when the membrane was polarized in either direction. 4. Under voltage-clamp conditions, a reversal potential for the light response near + 10 mV was measured at the outer segment. At the cell body no reversal potential for the light response was measured; there the clamping current required during the light response was almost of the same magnitude at all potential levels. 5. When the membrane at the cell body was hyperpolarized in the dark under voltage clamp, a transient outward current, typically about one-half the magnitude of the initial inward clamping current was required to maintain the membrane at the clamped potential level. This outward current transient was associated with a decrease in membrane resistance with similar time course. The transient outward current reversed and became inward when the membrane was clamped to potentials more negative than -80 mV. Thus, the transient outward current appears to involve a transient activation initiated by hyperpolarization. I is regenerative in that it is initiated by hyperpolarization and tends to further hyperpolarize the membrane. 6. The reversal potential for the light response was measured at the outer segment but not at the cell body. The regenerative hyperpolarization was measured at the cell body but not at the outer segment. Thus, the outer segment and cell body appear to have different electrical properties: a light-elicited resistance increase at the outer segment causes a potential-dependent transient decrease at the inner rod. 7. An electrical model of the rod, based upon estimates of the membrane resistances and membrane e.m.f.s. in the dark, was derived from the data. This model predicts the appropriate response potentials at outer segment and cell body when perturbed by the measured light-elicited resistance increase at the outer segment. An estimate of membrane current in dark, of 0-2 mA, is also derived from the model. PMID- 1123773 TI - Preliminary studies on nucleus retroambigualis-nucleus of the solitary tract interactions in cats. PMID- 1123774 TI - Further observations on central and peripheral respiratory activity in the mature sheep foetus. PMID- 1123775 TI - The effect of acetazolamide on the steady-state responses of arterial chemoreceptors. PMID- 1123776 TI - The relationship between the 'sustained-transient' and the 'simple-complex' classifications of neurones in area 17 of the cat. PMID- 1123777 TI - Sustained and transient ganglion cells in the cat's retina: spatial distribution of centre and surround receptive field mechanisms. PMID- 1123779 TI - A comparison of retinal ganglion cell topography in the plains and tree kangaroo. PMID- 1123780 TI - Maternal blood gases during human pregnancy. PMID- 1123778 TI - The nature of the 'induced' discharge of cat retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 1123781 TI - Changes in oxygen tension and vessel diameter in the human umbilical cord after delivery. PMID- 1123782 TI - Post-natal development of sympathetic innervation in the rabbit heart. PMID- 1123783 TI - Training-induced myelination in peripheral nerves of the rat. PMID- 1123784 TI - Pumping activity in isolated segments of bovine mesenteric lymphatics. PMID- 1123785 TI - Rolling movements of the sheep's eye. PMID- 1123786 TI - Unit activity in the somatosensory cortex of the cat and its relation to discharges in primary afferent fibres from sinus hair follicles. PMID- 1123787 TI - Some properties of neurones in the spinal trigeminal nucleus responding to movements of the vibrissae. PMID- 1123788 TI - Response of inner and outer muscle of sheep carotid artery to noradrenaline and to activation of sympathetic nerves. PMID- 1123789 TI - Reflex increase in heart rate from stimulation of left atrial receptors. PMID- 1123790 TI - A method for monitoring avian embryonic heart rate during the last week of incubation. PMID- 1123791 TI - Changes in the mechanical properties of the carotid sinus region and carotid sinus nerve activity in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 1123792 TI - Carotid baroreceptors and abdominal vascular capacitance. PMID- 1123793 TI - The origin of cardiac vagal efferent neurones in the medulla of the cat. PMID- 1123794 TI - Some observations on the ionic basis of primary afferent depolarization in the rat cuneate nucleus. PMID- 1123795 TI - Transient contraversive turning produced by unilateral lesions in the region of the locus coeruleus. PMID- 1123796 TI - Effect of potassium readmission to K-deprived liver segments on cell membrane potential and amplitude of electrotonic potentials. PMID- 1123797 TI - An effect of conditioned growth media on transport systems of cultured cells. PMID- 1123799 TI - Using arousal changes in the electroencephalogram to measure taste sensitivity in the chicken. PMID- 1123798 TI - Situations in which left ventricular dP/dt maximum may not reflect changes in the performance of the heart as a pump. PMID- 1123800 TI - Effect of positive pressure or ankle flexion on calf vein blood volume and venous haemodynamics. PMID- 1123801 TI - Arterial blood pressure changes and renal blood flow during hypothermia. PMID- 1123802 TI - Intrarenal distribution of blood flow in the rat kidney, measured by 85-Kr washout and the effect of angiotensin II infusion. PMID- 1123803 TI - The effect of parathyroid extract in foetal sheep. PMID- 1123804 TI - Seasonal changes in appetite and sexual condition in red deer stags maintained on a six-month photoperiod. PMID- 1123805 TI - A further test of the inverted-U hypothesis relating achievement anxiety and academic test performance. AB - The assumption that the inverted-U hypothesis, which shows performance as a function of activation level, mediates the relationship between achievement anxiety and academic test performance was tested by comparing Achievement Anxiety Test scores of 75 male and female college students with a self-report measure of activation taken prior to a classroom examination. Results supported the predicted relationship between achievement anxiety reaction type and academic performance (rho less than .05), but only partially supported the inverted-U hypothesis posited to account for this relationship. Results were further interpreted as suggesting that examinees experience two general types of arousal in the testing situationone type that enhances performance and one that impedes performance. Further implications of the results were discussed. PMID- 1123806 TI - TAT need achievement and need affiliation in minimally brain-injured and normal children an their parents. AB - The families of 16 minimally brain-injured children were compared in need for achievement and need for affiliation with 16 families of normal children. The families were matched on age, sex, and birth order of the children, and on education of the fathers. Needs were measured by means of TAT type cards for both parents and children. The data indicated that the minimally brain-injured children and their mothers were lower in achievement motivation than the normal children and their mothers (rho less than .05). Results on the fathers were in the same direction, but were not significant. In addition, parents of minimally brain-injured children seemed to have a different pattern of influence on their offspring than parents of normal children. The achievement needs of the mothers in the former group were positively related to their children's behavior (rho less than .05), and the achievement needs of the fathers in the latter group were negatively related to their children's behavior (rho less than .05). Finally, there were no differences or relationships found for affiliation motivation. PMID- 1123807 TI - Habit lag: when "automatization" is dysfunctional. AB - La Fave's habit lag construct, which specifies conditions under which previously automatized motor responses become disruptive of subsequent performance, was tested. Performance under stress was also examined as a possible factor in the occurrence of habit lag. Following a visual discrimination task, 48 women performed motor responses simultaneously: (a) repeating an invariant lever movement and (b) pushing one of two keys. The habit lag construct was supported, as Ss who had automatized responses produced more errors than nonautomatized Ss. Performance under stress, by calling attention to the risk of habit lag, reduced errors. Habit lag accounts for an intrusive type of error often found in motor performance where negative transfer fails to do so. PMID- 1123808 TI - The effects of self-concept, trust, and imagined positive or negative self disclosures on psychological space. AB - This study focused on some of the determinants of schematic interactional distance based on an analysis of social learning processes. It was hypothesized that closer interpersonal constructions would be associated with a more positive rather than negative self-concept, a greater rather than lesser degree of trust, and a covert positive rather than negative self-disclosure to a significant other. One hundred fifty-nine male and female undergraduate students were administered the Tennessee Self Concept Scale and Jourard's Self-Disclosure Questionnaire. Of these Ss, 82 were also given either positive or negative covert self-disclosure conditions. Interactional distances consisted of "Self" placements in relation to several key social target representations. The results supported the hypothesis regarding the relationship between self-concept and psychological distance, but only for females. There was also a tendency for more trusting females to produce closer distances than less trusting females. These results, as well as the obtained significant sex differences in distancing responses and in renditions of vertical displacements, were discussed within the context of culturally determined sex role differences. PMID- 1123809 TI - Azoospermia in bilharziasis and the presence of sperm antibodies. AB - Sperm agglutinating, haemagglutinating and immobilizing antibodies were detected more frequently and in higher titres in the sera of azoospermic patients with urinogenital bilharziasis than in the sera of unaffected males. There is evidence that bilharziasis enhances the autoimmune response of the individual. PMID- 1123810 TI - Plasma progesterone concentrations in prairie deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) from experimental laboratory populations. AB - Body weights, ovary weights, plasma progesterone concentrations and ovarian histology were studied in females from asymptotic laboratory populations in which reproduction was inhibited and throughout the oestrous cycle of control nulliparous prairie deermice. Body and ovary weights of population animals were significantly lighter and plasma progesterone concentrations were not significantly different from those of the control females. The control females exhibited cyclic changes in plasma progesterone concentration that were related to the oestrous cycle. The mean plasma progesterone concentration for the nulliparous 'population' females was significantly above the pro-oestrous, and below the metoestrous values of 'control' females, but was not significantly different from values observed at oestrus or dioestrus. The ovaries of 'control' females had significantly larger numbers of follicles and corpora lutea than nulliparous 'population' females but the latter had significantly more atretic follicles. PMID- 1123811 TI - Ovarian support of pregnancy in ageing inbred mice. AB - The principal cause of reduced fertility in 10- to 12-month-old female CBA/H-T6 and CBA mice was found to be loss of embryos at the time of, or soon after, implantation. Treatment with exogenous progesterone, but not with oestradiol benzoate, increased the number of old females having implantation sites but did not increase either the average number of implantations/female or postimplantation survival to Day 10. When bovine prolactin or HCG was administered to pregnant old mice, the implantation rate was not increased. It was concluded that the function of the CL of pregnancy in old mice may have been impaired because the lutein cells were failing to respond adequately to the luteotrophic stimulus. PMID- 1123812 TI - The effect of oestrogen and progesterone on the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in mouse uteri in vitro. AB - The incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the uteri of immature mice in organ culture was assessed by autoradiography and liquid scintillation spectrometry. Oestrogenand progesterone, alone or combined, stimulated an increase in the incorporation of tritiated thymidine, indicating that DNA synthesis is occurring in vitro. Progesterone alone stimulated incorporation of label into stromal and epithelial cells, but the combination of progesterone and oestrogen stimulated the labelling of epithelial cells more than of stromal cells. PMID- 1123813 TI - Effect of a copper IUD on the incorporation of (3H)thymidine and (5-3H)uridine into the endometrium of the rabbit during early pregnancy. AB - The influence of a copper IUD on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [5 3H]uridine into the endometrium of the rabbit was studied during early pregnancy. The effect of the copper device was compared with those of polyethylene and platinum IUDs. The comparison showed that the presence of a copper IUD resulted in a significantly lower incorporation of [3H]thymidine on the 3rd day of pregnancy and in a higher incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [5-3H]uridine on the 5th day of pregnancy. The increase in the total amount of DNA in the endometrium in early pregnancy was markedly reduced in the copper IUD-containing horn, and autoradiography showed that the labelling frequency of epithelial cells in the endometrium was significantly reduced. A possible effect of the copper IUD on the stromal cells is discussed. These effects of copper could be due either to an altered hormonal responsiveness of the endometrium in the presence of copper or to a 'direct' effect of copper on nucleic acid metabolism. PMID- 1123814 TI - Inhibition of L-methionine uptake and incorporation by chlorpromazine in preimplantation mouse embryos. AB - These studies indicate that chlorpromazine causes a rapid inhibition of the uptake and incorporation of L-[Me-3H]methionine in preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. Concentrations of chlorpromazine from 10-5 M to 10-4 M inhibit L-[Me 3H]methionine uptake and incorporation in late four-cell embryos in 15 min. Concentrations of chlorpromazine from 2 times 10-5 M to 10-4 M inhibit uptake and incorporation in early blastocysts in 15 min to comparable degrees, suggesting that the effect of chlorpromazine on the early blastocyst is primarily on methionine transport, and not on protein synthesis. Lineweaver-Burk plots constructed from 15-min uptake values of methionine in the presence of various concentrations of chlorpromazine indicate that 5 times 10-5 M-chlorpromazine competitively inhibits methionine uptake in blastocysts, while 10-4 M chlorpromazine non-competitively inhibits transport. Efflux experiments support the idea that chlorpromazine acts as an inhibitor of the active methionine influx processes, and not through acceleration of efflux. It is suggested that chlorpromazine may produce delayed implantation by directly affecting the preimplantation embryo, as well as through its known inhibitory effects on the hormonal functions of the maternal organism. PMID- 1123815 TI - Fetal wastage as a consequence of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice. AB - The effect of Mycoplasma pulmonis, strain JB, on the outcome of pregnancy in TO mice was studied. The mice were infected intravenously before or after mating and the fetuses were examined at autopsy just before parturition. An increase in the number of abnormal pregnancies was noted in mice infected about 2 weeks before mating, and there was a significant increase in the number of fetuses which died mid-way through pregnancy. Mycoplasmas were not isolated from any of the fetuses although the organisms reached the joints of the pregnant mice and caused arthritis. It is possible, therefore, that maternal upset was a factor in these abnormal pregnancies. In mice infected at various times after mating, abnormal pregnancies were most frequently seen in those infected 9 days after mating. There was an increase in the number of both mid- and late-stage fetal deaths in these mice and also an increase in the number of late-stage fetal deaths in mice infected 5 days after mating. Mycoplasmas were isolated not only from most of the dead fetuses but also from living ones which suggests that in most instances death was probably due to maternal infection and disturbance rather than fetal infection per se. The possibility of modifying this mouse model by establishing a chronic genital tract infection is discussed as a means of investigating the role of mycoplasmas in human abortion. PMID- 1123816 TI - The venous drainage of the accessory reproductive organs of the rat with special reference to prostatic metabolism. AB - The venous drainage of the testis, epididymis, prostate and bladder was studied in live and recently dead rats. New evidence for a previously suggested direct venous connection between the epididymis and the prostate is presented, and a mechanism for blood flow from the deferential vein into the prostatic venous plexus under conditions of raised central venous pressure is described. The studies have also revealed discrepancies among previous reports which might be resolved by a simplified nomenclature. PMID- 1123817 TI - Histochemical studies on three gonadotrophin-responsive enzymes in the infantile mouse ovary. AB - The activities of alkaline phosphatase, NAD diaphorase and NADP diaphorase increased in infantile mouse ovaries in response to injected gonadotrophins. The distribution and activity of these enzymes were studied in detail in the ovaries of normal mice from 1 to 41 days after birth and in mice injected at various ages with FSH, LH and HCG. Granulosa cells contained NAD and NADP diaphorases. Thecal cells contained NADP diaphorase and alkaline phosphatase with NAD diaphorase first appearing in the thecae of larger follicles 11 days after birth. All three enzymes occurred in interstitial tissue, in the interfollicular stroma and in groups of gonadotrophin-responsive cells in the medulla. These medullary cells and the interstitial tissue were stimulated by exogenous LH and HCG but not by FSH. Granulosa, theca and interfollicular tissue were stimulated at some stage by each of the three injected hormones. The normal pattern of development is discussed in relation to the changing serum levels of endogenous gonadotrophin found in similar mice. It is concluded that the enzyme changes were closely and reciprocally related to endogenous hormone concentrations. PMID- 1123818 TI - The split ejaculate of the boar: contributions of the epididymides and seminal vesicles. AB - The epididymal and seminal vesicular contributions to split-ejaculate fractions from boars were analysed for sperm concentration, glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), total-N, ethanol-soluble and insoluble N, citrate, zinc and haemagglutinin. The same components were also determined in epididymal plasma (EP), vesicular secretion (VS) and whole seminal plasma (SP). Isoelectric focusing of protein patterns was studied in the fractions. With the exception of haemagglutinin, the components were present to a major extent in either VS or EP and in lower concentrations in the other secretion. The parameters in VS or EP were positively correlated among themselves and negatively correlated with most of the parameters of the other fluid. The correlation coefficients were not significant in all cases for individual animals, but the degree of significance was greater for the over-all correlations. The EP components were mainly secreted in the first three or four fractions, but occasionally from fraction four onwards. Those of VS were emitted during the entire ejaculation, the maximum occurring in the sperm-rich fraction or the immediately succeeding fraction. The first fractions were devoid of VS components in only one case. The majority of the EP proteins could be identified electrophoretically in the sperm-rich fractions, but the protein patterns in the other fractions were similar to those of VS. The results are discussed and compared with previous findings. PMID- 1123819 TI - Antifertility effects of substituted acetamidobenzene derivatives in female albino rats. PMID- 1123820 TI - Uterine decidualization in rats given testosterone propionate neonatally. PMID- 1123821 TI - Blood prolactin in the male lamb from birth to puberty. PMID- 1123822 TI - Peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations in bulls around puberty. PMID- 1123823 TI - The effect of drugs on implantation in rats with an intrauterine device in one horn of the uterus. PMID- 1123824 TI - The influence of mature males on sexual maturation in female collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). PMID- 1123825 TI - Gravitational pattern of the Y-bearing human spermatozoa in density gradient centrifugation. PMID- 1123826 TI - Notes on the geographical distribution and host preferences in the order Siphonaptera. Part 6. Ceratophyllidae. PMID- 1123827 TI - Observations on malaria vectors of the Anopheles punctulatus complex in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. PMID- 1123828 TI - Ovarian studies of Tabanus quinquevittatus (Diptera: Tabanidae). PMID- 1123829 TI - The establishment of three cell lines from the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) and their infection with some arboviruses. PMID- 1123830 TI - Permanent loss of male fecundity following sperm depletion in Aedes aegypti (L.). PMID- 1123831 TI - The roles of host-related stimuli in the behavior of Argas cooleyi (Acarina: Argasidae). PMID- 1123832 TI - The effect of fluctuating temperature and humidity on the adult life table characteristics of five strains of Aedes aegypti. PMID- 1123833 TI - Bait-light combinations evaluated as attractants for house flies and stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae). PMID- 1123834 TI - The inheritance of melanotic larva in Culex pipiens L. PMID- 1123835 TI - Evaluation of new compounds as space sprays for the control of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). PMID- 1123836 TI - Venezuelan Macronyssidae. IV. A new genus and species of rodent-parasitizing Ornithonyssinae (Acarina, Macronyssidae). PMID- 1123837 TI - Flea reinfestation on the California meadow vole (Microtus californicus). PMID- 1123839 TI - Infant mortality in Macaca mulatta: neonatal and post-neonatal mortality at the California Primate Research Center, 1968-1972. A retrospective study. AB - Seven hundred forty-two Macaca mulatta births were recorded at the California Primate Research Center, 1968-1972. The neonatal mortality rate (deaths smaller than or equal to 30 days of age) was 10.8%, and the post-neonatal mortality rate (deaths at 31-183 days) was 6.9%. The neonatal mortality rate was higher in outdoor group cages than in indoor individual cages (24.8 vs. 8.0%). The post neonatal mortality rate was also higher outdoors than indoors (15.9 vs. 5.9%). Outdoor mortality showed apparent seasonal variation, while indoor mortality did not. PMID- 1123838 TI - Growth and development of infant M. arctoides fed a standardized diet. AB - Infant Macaca arctoides were reared under standard conditions. Changes in body weight, body length, head circumference, hematologic status and serum proteins during the first year of life were defined in relation to the ad libitum consumption of a standardized milk diet, and compared to those derived from infant M. mulatta. Both sexes consumed a comparable volume of diet per kilogram body weight, but male M. arctoides infants were significantly larger than females in all body dimensions: this finding was not noted in infant M. mulatta. The body weight and head circumference of infant M. arctoides were greater and their body length was less than that of M. mulatta. PMID- 1123840 TI - Family studies on the simian-type blood groups of chimpanzees. AB - Family studies were carried out the investigate the genetics of the chimpanzee simian type blood group systems V-A-B-D and C-E-F. In addition to providing new data, the studies confirm the validity of earlier results obtained by population genetics methodology for deducing genetic mechanisms in primate animals where family material cannot be obtained. PMID- 1123841 TI - Olfactory neuroepithelioma in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - This is a report of an olfactory neuroepithelioma occurring in a male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). It is not possible to state whether this tumor was spontaneous or related to the experimental procedures carried out in this animal. PMID- 1123842 TI - Renal adenocarcinoma in an owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). AB - A renal adenocarcinoma in the right kidney of a 5-year-old female owl monkey is reported. PMID- 1123843 TI - A-B-O blood groups of two subspecies of chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) in South Africa. AB - A study was made of the distribution of the A-B-O blood groups in two subspecies of baboons, Papio ursinus orientalis and P.u. occidentalis. The former had a significantly higher frequency of the A gene. Although there was no baboon of group O in either sample, the results for P.u. orientalis were consistent with the postulate that there was an amorphic O gene of low frequency as well as the genes A and B. For P.u. occidentalis the results suggested the presence of only two genes A and B. PMID- 1123844 TI - Positive contrast peritoneography and herniography in primate animals. With special referENCE TO INDIRECT INQUINAL HERNIAS. AB - In a number of primate animals contrast medium was injected intraperitoneally to diagnose hernias as well as evaluate the normal anatomical relationships. The technical considerations are discussed. Contrast herniography and peritoneography appear useful under certain clinical circumstances. PMID- 1123845 TI - Fibrous plaques in the aortas of adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Lesions in the abdominal aorta were found in 36 of 40 mature female rhesus monkeys given various oral contraceptive steroids and in 8 of 10 monkeys of a non treated control group. The lesions consisted of proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle cells and collagen, often with fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina, forming a plaque. These occurred also, in order of descending frequency, in thoracic aorta, aortic arch, femoral and iliac arteries, and the carotid and pulmonary arteries. They appear statistically unrelated to steroid treatment and lack correlation with body weight and blood cholesterol levels. PMID- 1123846 TI - Immunologic pregnancy test in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - In a rhesus monkey population, 90 matings were performed. Chorionic gonadotropin was extracted from the urine using a modified kaoline-acetone procedure. To diagnose pregnancy, a commercial human immunologic pregnancy test was used. The test method seems to give both a false positive and a false negative rate of zero percent. PMID- 1123847 TI - Pathology of pulmonary acariasis in Baboons (Papio sp.). AB - Pulmonary acariasis is one of the important and more frequently observed spontaneously occurring diseases in African baboons (Papio sp.). It has been found more frequently in baboons in their native habitat than in those in captivity. Prevalence also varies with the sites of captivity. Histopathologic changes occurring in the lungs due to infection with Pneumonyssus santos diasi and P. mossambicensis are described. PMID- 1123848 TI - Editorial: The tenth anniversary of the Surgeon General's report on smoking and health: have we made any progress? PMID- 1123849 TI - Letter: High esophageal cancer rates in humans and chickens in North China. PMID- 1123850 TI - Macrophage-mediated destruction of human malignant cells in vivo. AB - Macrophages require a plasma component, designated "recognition factor" (RF), for the expression of optimal function. The RF activity was profoundly depleted in plasma from patients with malignant disease, and the degree of depletion and the severity of the malignant state seemed to be related. Since experiments demonstrated that an active RF significantly inhibited tumor growth, clinical studies were initiated to investigate the influence of intratumor administration of an active RF fraction. Glucan, a potent macrophage activator, was also employed alone or combined with RF. These studies were undertaken to enhance the recognition of malignant cells by macrophages and to mobilize and activate macrophages intralesionally. The initial 9 patients studied had malignant melanoma, adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung, or carcinoma of the breast. Control and experimental lesions were injected; subsequently biopsies were performed at varying intervals for histologic evaluation. Always when glucan or glucan and RF fraction were administered intralesionally, the size of the lesion was strikingly reduced in as short a period as 5 days. This reduction was associated with necrosis of the tumor and a monocytic infiltrate. In small lesions, resolution was complete, whereas in large lesions, resolution was partial. The amount of glucan injected and the quantity of residual tumor appeared to be related. The induced necrosis of the tumor nodule was associated with an increase in plasma levels of circulating RF activity. PMID- 1123851 TI - Coffee drinking and cancer of the lower urinary tract. AB - The relationship between coffee drinking and cancer of the lower urinary tract (LUT) was investigated by a case-control study of white women identified from hospitals in urban areas of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Data on coffee drinking, tea drinking, use of coffee additives, and cigarette smoking were obtained by mail questionnaire. Information was available for 135 women with LUT cancer and 390 controls. For women who usually drank 1+ cups of coffee per day, the risk ratio of having LUT cancer was 2.1 (95 percent confidence limits, 1.1 4.3), compared to a risk of 1 for women who drank less or not at all. However, no dose-response relationship was demonstrated between LUT cancer and usual daily coffee consumption or "cup-years" of coffee drinking. The association of coffee with disease was no different, whether decaffeinated, nondecaffeinated, regular, or instant coffee had been drunk, or whether the coffee was brewed strong or weak. Use of nondairy creamers, saccharin, or cyclamates was not associated with increased risk of disease. The risk of LUT cancer for cigarette smokers relative to nonsmokers was 1.6 (1.0-2.4). The attendant dose-response relationship was statistically significant. The absence of a dose-response relationship between coffee drinking and LUT cancer suggested that the association observed was noncasual. PMID- 1123852 TI - Transplantable metastasizing prostate adenocarcinomas in rats. AB - Three spontaneous prostate adenocarcinomas from aged, randombred, germfree Lobund Wistar rats were transplanted, without change, through several series of conventional Lobund Wistar rats. One tumor type differed histologically from the other two tumor types. Rats with subcutaneously transplanted tumors developed metastatic tumors in the lymph nodes and lungs. No microbial agent was detected in the tumor cells. PMID- 1123853 TI - Djungarian hamster-a suitable tool for cancer research and cytogenetic studies. AB - The Djungarian hamster, bred under usual laboratory conditions, developed different spontaneous neoplasms, most often mammary and skin cancers. Some mammary tumors were serially transplanted to noninbred animals. This hamster was susceptible to some chemical carcinogens and oncogenic viruses but resistant to others. It had comparatively few chromosomes (2n equal to 28), most of which could be recognized even in conventionally stained preparations. The chromosome breaking effect of gamma-rays, chemical carcinogens, and viruses was studied with primary cultures of cells. Several transformed cell lines were developed. Karyotype abnormalities were generally not seen in primary and induced neoplasms. This hamster is a new suitable tool for cancer research and cytogenetic studies. PMID- 1123854 TI - Fine structure of dividing cells and of nondividing, differentiating cells of nickel sulfide-induced rhabdomyosarcomas. AB - Cells of nickel sulfide-induced rhabdomyosarcomas were studied with the electron microscope. Cells in the proliferative compartment were mononucleate and exhibited neither myofilaments nor other features of normal muscle cell differentiation. Cells in the nonproliferative compartment had myofilaments and differentiated similarly to the normal fetal and early postnatal muscle cells. The tumor cells did not differentiate beyond the initial stage of formation of triads and of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Transitional forms between undifferentiated and differentiated tumor cells were observed. Only a fraction of the progeny of the dividing cells seemed to differentiate; the remaining fraction did not and remained in the proliferative cell compartment as stem cells. The ratio between these cells and the descendants of the dividing cells that, by differentiation, became part of the nonproliferative cell compartment was a factor in the growth of the rhabdomyosarcomas. The pattern of fetal differentiation of the rhabdomyosarcomas was analogous to that of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatomas studied previously in this laboratory. PMID- 1123855 TI - Immunotherapy of lethal metastases by lymphocytes sensitized against tumor cells in vitro. AB - To learn whether tumor metastases can be prevented by the immune system, we developed a model for the treatment of mice with syngeneic lymphocytes sensitized against tumor cells in vitro. Mice were given subcutaneously tumor cells that spontaneously metastasized to the lungs. The tumors developing locally were surgically removed and the mice were inoculated with sensitized lymphocytes 1 day later. Prevention of death by lung metastases was the measure of immunotherapy. Only approximately equal to 30-40 percent of mice receiving control treatment survived, whereas approximately equal to 70 percent survived that received lymphocytes sensitized in vitro against the tumor cells. Hence sensitization of syngeneic lymphocytes against tumor cells in vitro and injection of the lymphocytes into the host after removal of a local tumor prevented the development of lethal metastases. PMID- 1123856 TI - Induction of carcinoma of the large intestine in guinea pigs by intratectal instillation of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - Intrarectal administration of 0.5 ml of a 0.25 percent solution of N-methyl-N nitrosourea twice seekly for 42 weeks to female inbred strain-2 guinea pigs induced large-bowel adenocarcinomas in 9 of 10 animals in 38-56 weeks. Controls did not show cancer. The lesions were infiltrative or constrictive, which distinguished them from chemically induced large-bowel cancers of rats and mice. PMID- 1123857 TI - Anatomical studies of corpus paracloacalis vascularis in cocks. PMID- 1123858 TI - Fine structures of corpus paracloacalis vascularis in cocks. PMID- 1123859 TI - Morphology of bursa of Fabricius in bursectomized and thymectomized ducks. PMID- 1123860 TI - Some rare helminths from stray dogs of Sapporo. PMID- 1123861 TI - Marital and reproductive experience in a community-wide epidemiological study of breast cancer. AB - The relationship of marital and reproductive experience to human breast cancer was studied using data collected during 1956-1962 by the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo, New York. Information of epidemiological interest was obtained from all women with cancers of the reporductive organs in Buffalo, New York, and the adjoining township of Kenmore. For comparison, a probability sample of the same population was selected. During 1965-1967, an International Collaborative Study with similar objectives found a striking positive relationship between age at first birth and breast cancer risk. This finding can be interpreted as either indicating that an event associated with first birth at an early age protects against the development of breast cancer or that the hormonal status of a women both produces a delay in a woman becoming pregnant and increases the risk of developing breast cancer. The analysis of marital and reproductive histories in the Buffalo population study confirms previous reports of an increasing risk of breast cancer with increasing age at first birth. Attempts to distinguish the two interpretations mentioned by analyzing the interval between first marriage and time of birth in addition to age at first birth were not conclusive. This necessitated a similar analysis of data available in a larger series of 1164 breast cancer patients and 1200 non-neoplastic controls hospitalized at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute during 1957-1965. The results do not show an influence of interval between first marriage and first birth but do show an increased risk of breast cancer with increasing age at first birth. The results are thus consistent with a protective effect of an earyl age at first birth. These findings also have a bearing on recent suggestions that ovulatory failure predisposes to development of breast cancer. PMID- 1123862 TI - Acute codeine overdose: correspondence between clinical course and codeine metabolism. AB - A patient presented with clinical features of drug overdose. Although heroin was suspected, codeine was identified by drug analysis. The clinical course was complicated by shock, respiratory arrest and laboratory evidence of acute hepatic insufficiency. An inital slow rate of codeine metaboism, possibly related to the hepatic damage, corresponded to prolonged respiratory depression. PMID- 1123863 TI - Studies on the head injuries of human subjects in advanced age (III), with special reference to the comparison between head injuries in advanced age and those in middle age. PMID- 1123864 TI - Toxicity of formaldehyde in experimental animals--concentrations of the chemical in the elution from dishes of formaldehyde resin in some vegetables. PMID- 1123865 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of post-infarct cardiac insufficiency]. AB - Subsequent to an examination of 133 patients, made several years after transmural myocardial infarction sustained by them, features specific for the clinical course of post-infarction cardiac insufficiency are analyzed. The examination included studies of the hemodynamics, veloergometry, measurements of the end diastolic pressure in the left ventricle, ventriculography and selective coronaroangiography. A considerable proportion of patients with extensive infarction in their history were found to suffer from chronic left ventricle incompetence with recurrent attacks of cardiac asthma. In the development of congestive cardiac insufficiency along the larger circulation an important role plays a sharply diminished contractility of the left ventricle due to the presence of extensive areas of akinesia and, in individual cases, also because of mitralism of the heart. PMID- 1123866 TI - [Phase structure of cardiac activity and the function of renal vessels in nephrogenic hypertension]. AB - A total of 25 patients with renal affections, in whom an elevated arterial pressure had been ascertained clinically, were examined for the phasic structure of the cardiac action and for the functional state of the renal vessels by employing rheography. Of these patients 8 had urolithiasis, 6-tuberculosis, 7 polycystosis and 4-renal tumours. Their systolic pressure averaged 160-220 mm and diastolic-80-110 mm. In patients with nephrogenic hypertension the tone of systemic vessels and the peripheral resistance are shown to go up. The changes are accompanied by a phasic syndrome of a high diastolic pressure. A complex investigation into the phasic structure of the cardiac activity and the functional condition of the renal vessels by employing rheography makes it possible to disclose the sequential lesion of the vessels in patients suffering from nephrogenic hypertension. PMID- 1123868 TI - [Use of pentoxyl in the treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 1123867 TI - [Effect of heparin on certain indicators of oxidating and energetic processes in experimental endomyocarditis]. AB - The influence of therapeutic dosage of heparin on the content of underoxidized substanses of blood, quantity of ATP, ADP, AMP, creatininphosphate, CPK, and lactatedehydrogenase activity of the heart, liver and kidney tissues was studied in 55 rabbits during horse serum and complex antigen sensitization. Changes in oxidizing and energy processes in experimental endomyocarditis were more prominent in these organs tissues than in blood. Heparin administration increased lactate acid in blood and lactatedehydrogenase activity in the cardiac tissue. Heparin also normalized the increased pyruvic acid level in blood and preserved higher ATP content in tissues. Adenyl system components were balanced in heparinized animals. Heparin influence on oxydizing and energy processes depended upon the basic status of the organism. PMID- 1123869 TI - [Genetic aspects of arteriosclerotic (systolic) hypertension]. PMID- 1123870 TI - [Heart diseases and pregnancy]. PMID- 1123871 TI - [Changes in the protein and energy metabolism and their correction in patients with circulatory insufficiency]. AB - Chronic hypoxia arising in cases of circulatory insufficiency brings on changes in all kinds of metabolism, including that of energy and protein. Patients suffering from circulatory insufficiency should be treated with due regard for metabolic shifts occurring in cases of cardiac incompetence. A total of 180 patients with circulatory insufficiency of the I-IIIstage were examined by employing up-to-date methods in studying the state of the energy, carbohydrate, protein, amino acids metabolism and the hepatic function. The patients underwent medication with drugs influencing the metabolic processes and with combinations of such drugs and the clinical effect of such a type of the treatment is assessed. PMID- 1123872 TI - [Pathogenesis of cachexia in cardiac insufficiency]. AB - In 81 patients with circulatory insufficiency of the IIB-III stage some in dices of the lipids and protein metabolism along with the blood sugar level were studied. Changes in the lipids metabolism values are more pronounced in patients with mitral defects than in those with atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis. The authors attach definite importance to these derangements in the pathogenesis of cardiac cachexia secondary to the developing circulatory insufficiency. PMID- 1123873 TI - [Content and distribution of water and potassium in the body of patients with chronic circulatory insufficiency]. AB - The total water content (after antipyrine and tritium oxide), that of extracellular water (after sodium thiosulphate) and of overall metabolic potassium (with reference to K42) were studied concurrently in 34 patients with chronic circulatory insufficiency. Twenty normal subjects served as controls. In the sick the disturbances of the water metabolism made themselves felt not only in the accumulation of surplus water in the body, but also in its re distribution. In the presence of marked edemas the total water level rises both at the expense of extra- and intracellular water. With the normal level of total water the extracellular water fraction is up and the intracellular one is down. An early and consistent sign of circulatory insufficiency is a drop in the amount of overall metabolic potassium in the body. The potassium deficit increases parallel with progressing circulatory insufficiency, being contingent not only upon the reduction of the cellular mass, but also on the lower intracellular concentration of potassium. The concentration of potassium in the plasma does not reflect the overall content of it in the body. PMID- 1123874 TI - [Antidiuretic hormone content in the blood plasma of patients with chronic circulatory insufficiency]. AB - The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) content in the blood plasma in comparison with its osmosis, the mass of circulating blood and the Na/K ratio in the urine was studied in 59 patients with rheumatic heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis and chronic nonspecific affections of the lungs with and without circulatory insufficiency. The blood plasma ADH level is shown to increase significantly only with circulatory insufficiency of the IIB-III stage, whereas the plasma osmosis first has a tendency to rise and then gradually declines. This may suggest a deranged regulation of the ADH secretion with a higher osmosis of the plasma. No clear-cut parallelism between changes in the ADH level, the mass of circulating blood and plasma, the Na/K ratio in the urine and diurnal urinary output could be noted. PMID- 1123875 TI - [Muscle blood flow and water spaces of the body in congestive circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 1123876 TI - [Liver biopsy and blood serum enzyme content in patients with rheumatic heart disease with circulatory insufficiency]. AB - Puncture biopsy of the liver and a comparison of the blood serum enzymes-lactate dehydrogenase and fructose-1-phosphate-aldolase-with the nature of histomorphological alterations were effected in 18 patients with rheumatic heart diseases, circulatory insufficiency of the II-III degree and rheumatism in the I II stage of activity. Morphological changes in the liver were not specific, being characterized largely by congestive manifestations and deranged intrahepatic circulation. With a declining level of glycogen and nucleoproteins in the hepatocytes the blood serum of such patients showed an increased content of fructose-1-phosphate-aldolase and lactate-dehydrogenase. Histomorphological analysis of the puncture material facilitate the evaluation of the nature of intravital changes in the liver of patients with different degrees of circulatory insufficiency. PMID- 1123878 TI - [Disorders of water-electrolyte balance in cardiac insuffieiency]. PMID- 1123877 TI - [Effect of large doses of nicotinic acid on certain metabolic processes and contractile function of an intact heart]. AB - Peroral administration of nicotinic acid to rabbits in amounts of 500 mg, twice a day for 7 days was attended by a reduced contractility of the myocardium, an increased content of catecholamines in the heart and deranged lipids metabolism in the heart muscle. It is assumed that the contractility of the heart is largely determined by the state of the lipids metabolism and their utilization in the generation of energy. PMID- 1123879 TI - [Diuretics as factors regulating electrolyte transport through the wall of the kidney tubule]. AB - The effects of furosemide, hydrochlorthiazide, triamteren and mannitol on the intratubular potential, electric resistance of the wall of the proximal and distal renal tubule and also changes in the magnitude of the short-circuited current that give an idea as to the tubular transport of sodium in the proximal section of nephron were explored electrophysiologically on a renal nephron of the rat. Furosemide and hydrochlorthiazide depressed the magnitude of the short circuited current in the proximal end of nephron and raised the transtubular potential. Hydrochlorthiazide also tended to increase the electric resistance of the renal tubule wall. Triamteren forced down the potential in the proximal end of nephron, as well as the magnitude of the short-circuited current, but did not change the tubular wall resistance. Mannitol drastically reduced the tubular wall resistance and the intratubular potential, without affecting the short-circuited current. A classification of diuretics by the mode of their action on the electric parameters of the nephron is given. PMID- 1123880 TI - [Electrical activity of the myocardium and hemodynamics in patients with myocardial infarct]. AB - A total of 53 patients with myocardial infarction were examined on the 1st, 21st and 45th day of the disease. The electric activity of the myocardium was studied by the method of spatial quantitative vectorocardiography. An investigation into the basic hemodynamic indices was made by employing the dilution method (Evans blue) A correlation-statistical model was constructed to elicit the relationship between vectorocardiographic changes and hemodynamic indices. It was found that in cases of myocardial infarction with and without symptoms of circulatory insufficiency there exists between the electric activity of the ventricular myocardium and cardiac ejection a differently marked interrelation on the ground of which one can form a certain judgement as to the functional condition of the intact segments of the left and the myocardium of the right ventricle. PMID- 1123881 TI - [Changes of the volume of body fluids in cardiac insufficiency of patients with congenital heart defects]. AB - Results consequent upon investigations into variations of the water metabolism, central and intracardiac hemodynamics and myocardial contractility in 42 patients with congenital heart defects are reported. It is established that an increase in the content of total water in the body and of the intracellular liquid may be considered to be a significant sign pointing to circulatory insufficiency, even in the absence of any clinical manifestations of this condition. PMID- 1123882 TI - ["Spontaneous" dynamics of mental condition of patients with myocardial infarct according to MMPI data]. AB - Dynamics of psychic status of patients with myocardial infarction was analysed on the basis of MMPI data on 587 investigations and clinical observations of 250 patients. There were observed acute stress reactions of first weeks of the disease, "joy of recovering" at the end of the 1st month of the disease; the period of some worsening of psychical status 3-11 months after the onset of myocardial infarction reflecting the difficulties of adaptation, the period of further psychical stabilization as a final stage of psychological readaptation. Comparing MMPI data of normal and pathological psychical reactions in patients with myocardial infarction the author has distinguished some differential diagnostic signs. PMID- 1123883 TI - [Veloergometric indicators in patients with acute myocardial infarct during the period of their activation]. AB - Veloergometry was practised in 35 patients with acute myocardial infarction at the time of their activiation (mainly on the 45-50th day of the disease or 7-8 days after they have been put on the feet). The investigation was aimed at detecting some signs of coronary insufficiency and cardiac incompetence, as well as of the limit of physical activity of such patients at the time of stimulated physical performance. The patients under examination demonstrated a significantly reduced amount of the work performed, which averaged 327 kgm. Among the patients complaints that led to discontinuance of the exercises were general fatigue and that of the feet in particular, dyspnoea and sensation of air deficiency, anginal attacks and deranged cardiac rhythm. In 28 cases changes in the terminal part of the ventricular ECG complex were recorded. The T-V1 greater than T-V6 syndrome was also analyzed before and after veloergometry. Of interest are the ECG changes in 2 groups of the patients, viz. the 1st without any ECG indications of transmural infarction and the 2nd one presenting such signs. Changes in the terminal part of the ventricular complex recorded in patients of the 2nd group, combined with dyspnoea, asphyxia and marked tachycardia during veloergometry suggest the presence in them not only of the coronary, but also of the left ventricular insufficiency. PMID- 1123884 TI - [Diurnal fluctuations of blood lipids and sugar level in healthy persons and in patients with ischemic heart diseases]. AB - Diurnal fluctuations in the level of cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, NEFA and sugar in the blood of practically healthy subjects and in patients with ischemic heart disease, attended by hyperlipoproteinemia of the II and IV types, were studied. Investigations were made at 9 a.m., 3 and 9 p.m. The variations of the lipid fractions and sugar in the blood of practically healthy individuals and of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia showed no essential differences. There were minimal diurnal changes in the cholesterol level, a tendency towards an increase in the level of phospholipids, a statistically significant rise in the content of triglycerides and sugar in the blood and large fluctuations in the level of the NEFA, both upwards and downwards. In patients with hyperlipoproteinemia of the II type variations in the blood cholesterol and phospholipids levels occurring in the course of the day proved to be of the same nature as in the case of normal lipoproteinemia, with no diurnal rise of the sugar level, while the NEFA content showed a distinct upward tendency. In patients it was only the blood cholesterol and triglycerides level that remained at a statistically significant higher level throughout the day. PMID- 1123885 TI - [Activity of certain blood enzymes in patients with myocardial infarct complicated by shock]. AB - The activity of glutamino-oxaloacetic transaminase was studied in 85 and that of creatinophosphokinase, total lactate-dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in 58 patients with macrofocal myocardial infarction complicated by a shock. The maximal transaminase activity in patients with myocardial infarction attended by a shock was on the average greater than in similar patients without any shock. In patients with myocardial infarction attended by a shock who presented, at the same time, congestive manifestations in the systemic ciruclation demonstrated a higher transaminase activity and its normalization at a later date than this was in the case of patients with a shock, but without congestion in the systemic circulation. In patients suffering from myocardial infarction with a shock the activity of creatinophosphokinase and total lactate-dehydrogenase averaged higher than in those without shock. In the blood serum of such patients the proportions of the lactate-dehydrogenase isoenzymes were found to undergo substantial changes, which consisted in an increased activity of the LDH1 and LDH5 fractions. The main factor responsible for a considerable rise in the activity of the blood serum transaminase, creatinophosphokinase, total lactate-dehydrogenase and the LDH1 fraction occurring in patients with myocardial infarction attended by a shock is the great extent of the necrotic focus in the myocardium. PMID- 1123886 TI - [Alveolar ventilation and oxygen diffusion in the lungs of patients with mitral valve defects]. AB - Evidence has been obtained that in patients with mitral defects of the heart and circulatory insufficiency at rest there is observed total and alveolar hyperventilation accompanied by a falling efficiency of the alveolar ventilation. In patients with mitral stenosis there is noted a progressive deterioration of the oxygen diffusion in the lungs, which depends upon the stage of the circulatory insufficiency. In patients where incompetence of the mitral valve prevails the diffusion disorders become manifest only in cases of a sharply pronounced circulatory insufficiency. PMID- 1123887 TI - [Changes of certain immunological indicators in patients in the early periods after operations performed under condition of artificial circulation]. AB - In 43 patients with acquired and congenital cardiac defects and in 4 others with ischemic heart disease some indices of immunological reactivity were studied before and after operations performed under extracorporeal circulation. In patients with cardiac defects and ischemic heart disease, in whom circulatory disorders were being observed for a long time and the cellular and humoral factors of the immunological reactivity of the organism were at a low level, a reduced capability of the segmentonuclear neutrophils in the peripheral blood to undergo phagocytos is along with the bactericidal properties of the serum and skin were demonstrable. With the post-operative period not complicated by an infection the normalization of these indices occur in a week's time. A moderately increased phagocytosis or, conversely, the lack of any tendency towards normalization during the 1st post-operative week is an unfavourable sign and, as a rule, is indicative of a developing infection-induced complication. PMID- 1123888 TI - Editorial: Fluoride and bone disease in uremia. PMID- 1123889 TI - Metabolism of blood glucose by the intact functioning kidney of the dog. AB - The CO2 produced in the metabolism of blood glucose by the kidney has been measured by the i.v. infusion 14C-UL-D-glucose as a tracer. A small fraction of circulating 14C-glucose is converted to labeled lactate in extrarenal tissues, returned to, extracted by and metabolized to CO2 in the kidney. Correcting the apparent 14CO2 produced in the kidney from glucose for the 14CO2 produced from lactate yields that produced directly from glucose. Differences in production of CO2 from glucose in chronic metabolic acidosis and alkalosis are small and probably are not significant. If so, somewhat less than one-quarter of the total metabolism of the intact functioning kidney is supported by blood glucose. These measurements have been made at normal endogenous blood concentrations of glucose. PMID- 1123890 TI - Ultrastructure of a specialized neck region in the rabbit nephron. AB - The transition between the glomerulus and the proximal tubule was studied by light and electron microscopy in perfusion-fixed rabbit kidneys. In most nephrons a transitional segment of tubule occurred between the Bowman's capsule and the proximal tubule proper. This initial part of the tubule was lined by flattened cells and formed a cytologically distinct neck segment. The nephron population was heterogeneous with respect to the length of this neck segment regardless of the level of the cortex. The neck cells contained an abundance of thin filaments often oriented at right angles to the long axis of the tubule and comparable in thickness to actin filaments. The presence of actin-like filaments suggests that neck cells may effect changes in the diameter of the neck segment and, thus, influence single nephron glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 1123891 TI - Indomethacin enhancement of glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rabbits. AB - Seventy-three rabbits (2 to 3 kg in weight) were studied during a control period and after receiving 50% glycerol (G) or mercuric chloride (M) with or without indomethacin (I) (controls received the diluent used for I). Plasma creatinine, plasma renin activity, blood pressure, sodium and potassium concentrations, hematocrit value, urinary output, body wt and histologic appearance of the kidney were determined. I enhanced the incidence and severity of the acute renal failure produced by G but failed to aggravate that produced by M. Because the dose of I used in this study blocked the synthesis of renal prostaglandins in the rabbit, we suggest that renal prostaglandins protect against the development of G-induced acute renal failure (a circulatory type of renal failure) in this animal model. Furthermore, the failure of I to aggravate M-induced acute renal failure indicates that it is unlikely that I aggravates G-induced acute renal failure by a direct nephrotoxic effect. No evidence was found for other possible side actions of I being responsible for the observed aggravation. PMID- 1123892 TI - [Effect of hemodialysis on plasma aldosterone in anephric patients (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma aldosterone, plasma cortisol and the serum concentrations of sodium and potassium were determined in 5 anephric patients before and at short time intervals up to 180 minutes after hemodialysis. Plasma aldosterone increased in 4 of 5 patients during hemodialysis while in all patients plasma cortisol, sodium and potassium decreased. Only one patient showed a fall in aldosterone during hemodialysis. After hemodialysis plasma aldosterone gradually decreased over a period of 3 hours in 3 of 5 patients, whereas the remaining two patients showed typical secretory episodes of aldosterone. In each patient serum potassium rapidly increased while serum sodium showed only minor variations. Plasma cortisol followed the normal circadian rhythm. We suggest that a still unkown factor had caused the observed increases in plasma aldosterone during hemodialysis. There are reasons to believe that over the period observed after hemodialysis the intracellular potassium concentration and not serum potassium levels has influenced adrenal aldosterone release. This would explain the paradoxical decrease in plasma aldosterone in 3 of the 5 patients while serum potassium increased. PMID- 1123893 TI - [Spontaneous lymphocyte transformation in chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - 3H-thymidine uptake of lymphocytes cultured from patients with regular dialysis treatment was determined at the time of maximal transformation, which was ascertained in previous investigations to be 5 days after the beginning of incubation. Spontaneous DNS synthesis was found to be significantly depressed: 1137 plus or minus 1122 c.p.m./culture; controls: 9783 plus or minus 7499 c.p.m./culture, whereas LDH activity in the supernatant culture medium measured as a parameter of continuous cell destruction showed no alteration. After stimulation with 400 mug PHA DNS synthesis in 7 patients was also decreased, but elevated in 5 patients with previous infections. After incubation with added serum from 11 chronic uremic patients, spontaneous lymphocyte transformation in cultures sampled from 2 healthy subjects was also found to be depressed with positive correlation to the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the corresponding blood. The significantly increased LDH activity values in the medium as the consequence of impaired cll viability showed also positive correlation with 3-H thymidine uptake levels; therefore depressed DNS synthesis cannot be due alone to accelerated cell destruction. In analogy to the erythrocytes, two stimultaneous effects of uremic toxins in serum are assumed to be exerted on the lymphocytes: metabolic inhibition of DNS synthesis and impaired cell viability. PMID- 1123894 TI - [Editorial: Definition of the concepts availments and availability]. PMID- 1123895 TI - [Atrial standstill (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with a persistent form of atrial standstill is presented. The rarity of this arrhythmia is emphasized and the possible mechanisms involved and the diagnostic criteria are discussed. PMID- 1123896 TI - [Serum iron in hemolytic anemia (author's transl)]. AB - Serum iron, hemoglobin, and reticulocytes were determined in 134 patients with hemolytic anemia (hereditary spherocytosis, pyruvate kinase- or glucose-phosphate isomerase deficiency, hemolytic anemia due to warm auto antibodies, cold agglutinin disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglubinuria, hemolytic uremic syndrome). No correlation was found between iron concentration and degree of hemolysis. Only a few patients show a marked increase of serum iron. PMID- 1123897 TI - [Serum lipoproteids and ketone bodies after constant infusion of sorbitol i.v. (author's transl)]. AB - 20 patients of a metabolic ward received a six-hour infusion of sorbitol at a dosis of 0.125 g/kg/h(n equal to 10) and 0.25 g/kg/h(n equal to 10) body weight. Cholesterol levels showed a significant fall in both groups (p smaller than 0.05) and triglycerides rose significantly (p smaller than 0.05). The concentrations of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate were lowered irrespective of the dosis. The cholesterol-reducing effect can be explained by the antiketogenic action, whereas the increase in triglycerides possibly could be the result of raised alpha glycerophosphate. PMID- 1123898 TI - [Ammonia, glutamine and glutamic acid content of rat tissues during and after hyperoxia]. AB - The content of ammonia, glutamine, glutamic acid was measured in the brain, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, skeletal muscles and blood rats exposed to a 4 atm oxygen atmosphere and during aftereffects. The hyperoxic atmosphere resulted in an increase of ammonia and glutamic acid and in a decrease of glutamine in the tissues. The return to the norm of the compounds occurred slowly and nonuniformly, lasting for 40 to 60 posthyperoxic days. PMID- 1123899 TI - [Blood acid-base equilibrium during breathing of hypercapnic gas mixtures]. AB - By the method of Astrup-Zigaard-Andersen the acid-base balance in the blood of men and dogs exposed to hypercapnic atmospheres with a normal, increased and decreased oxygen content was investigated in 164 experiments. Variations in the acid-base equilibrium were compared with changes of physiological functions. The relationship between the acid-base balance and the carbon dioxide concentration as well as the oxygen concentration in the breathing air was established. The toxic effects of sharp hypercapnia and hyperoxia were shown to cumulate. The positive effect of moderate hypercapnia on the tolerance to normobaric hypoxia in long-term experiments was noted. PMID- 1123900 TI - [Respiratory function and gravitation]. AB - Changes in the respiratory function following alteration in the spatial position of the body can be considered as a specific manifestation of the general mechanism of the antigravity function of the organism. These changes are to make up for the primary mechanical effects of gravity and to meet elevated energy requirements of the body when standing. The mechanism of increased respiration acting via the somatic component of the antigravity function of the body is of great importance. PMID- 1123901 TI - [Energy metabolism in the central nervous system during the combined action of vibration and radiation]. AB - Vibrations (70 Hz, 0.4 mm) have been shown to bring about cyclic changes in the function of the respiratory chain of the brain tissue. A short-term (5 min) excitation may stimulate the respiratory function, whereas a longer (15 min) exposure may weaken the energy control. Oxidative processes in the central nervous system and postvibration inhibition of higher cerebral compartments have been found to determine the development of radiation sickness in response to a combined effect of vibration and radiation. PMID- 1123902 TI - [Medical studies during flights of "Soiuz-12", "Soiuz-13", "Soiuz-14" space ships and "Saliut-3" orbital station]. AB - Medical results obtained during missions of the Soyuz-12, Soyuz-13, Soyuz-14 spacecraft and the Salyut-3 orbital station are presented. The subjective feelings of the crewmembers (blood rush to the head, chest congestion, vegetative disturbances, etc), data of the inflight medical control and medical experiments as well as countermeasures used are described in detail. Results of postflight medical examinations at rest and using functional tests are also summarized. It is concluded that no abnormalities in the vital physiological functions of the crews developed inflight. The symptoms typical of the acute period of adaptation to weightlessness disappeared completely after the first flight days. PMID- 1123903 TI - [Radiation safety in flights of high-altitude aircraft]. AB - The major sources of radiation hazard for flights of supersonic high altitude aircraft--galactic and solar radiation--are described. Estimates of an equivalent dose rate at different distances from these sources are given. The estimates are compared with the radiation dosages allowed for the average population and special personnel. It is concluded that specific measures are needed to provide radiation safety of the crews and passengers aboard supersonic aircraft. PMID- 1123904 TI - [Activation of external respiration and level of alveolar PCO2 in pilots in flight]. AB - The paper discusses the emergence of spontaneous hypocapnia in real aircraft flights. The flying personnel were taken under study. The hypocapnic state was diagnosed on the basis of the CO2 concentration in the alveolar air measured by a special device. In flight the CO2 concentration in the alveolar air decreased insignificantly (by 5 min Hg on the average). In emergency situations the external respiration was activated to a greater extent. It is suggested that the alveolar Pco2 level is indicative of the emotional stress. PMID- 1123905 TI - [External secretory function of the liver in rats exposed to the combined action of transverse accelerations and restricted motor activity]. PMID- 1123906 TI - [Providing medical aid on board space ships]. PMID- 1123907 TI - [Letter: Relation of survival and mutability of Chlorella to postradiation storage conditions]. PMID- 1123908 TI - ["hypoxic" hypothermia in phospholipid metabolism of rat endocrine organs during acute hypoxia]. AB - The effect of "hypoxic" hypothermia on the metabolism of phsopholidpds of the endocrine organia that occurs during acute hypoxia produces no inhibitory effect on the phospholid metabolism in the thyroid, adrenal and testicular glands of the test animals. As a result of distrubed heat release the content of phsopholipids in the thyroid and adrenal glands increases. The rate of the label (P32) incorporation into phospholipids of every gland (especially thyroid and testicular glands) elevates noticeably. This indicates an important compensatory role played by "hypoxic" hypothermia in the phsopholidip metabolism. The mechanimss of these phenomena are discussed. PMID- 1123909 TI - Lupus Nephritis. Correlations between the clinical course and presence of electron-dense deposits. AB - Twenty renal biopsies from 13 patients with systemic lupus erythrematosus were examined in detail to assess the amount and distribution of electron-dense deposits. Results were correlated with clinical and histologic findings. Mesangial deposits were present when there were deposits in other areas. Subepithelial deposits were not associated with severe renal disease and tended to persist unchanged with time. Subendothelial deposits were not invariably associated with severe renal disease, but, when severe disease existed, large subendothelial deposits were found. These deposits disappeared with treatment and clinical improvement. PMID- 1123910 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by liquoid in the rat. I. Correlation of hematologic and complement abnormalities with renal lesions studied by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. AB - Under the proper experimental conditions, disseminated intravascular coagulation,"an intermediary mechanism of disease," results in the classic endotoxin-induced generalized Shwartzman reaction. Other substances, such as liquoid, a highly negatively charged anticoagulant, trigger a generalized Shwartzman reaction-like phenomenon in rabbits. We studied the effects of a single high intravenous dose of liquoid (12.5 mg.) upon the rat's coagulation and complement systems and their correlation with the kidney morphology by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Thrombin time was prolonged; fibrinogen, plasminogen, and factors VIII and XII concentrations were markedly decreased, whereas fibrin degradation products were increased in the experimental animals when compared with the saline-injected controls (p greater than 0.001). Total hemolytic complement, hemolytic activity of terminal components (C3 to C9), and C3 protein concentration were significantly reduced (p greater than 0.001). The liquoid-injected rats developed cortical necrosis and manifested oliguria and anuria, with elevated blood urea nitrogen levels, when survival was longer than 3 hours. Histologically, thrombi of fibrin-like material filled the glomerular capillaries. Deposits of fibrin, and also of immunoglobulin G and C3, were readily identifiable by specific immunofluorescence, Linear or granular fluorescent deposits (or both) along the glomerular basement membranes and in the mesangium were observed. Electron microscopy demonstrated necrosis of glomeruli and abundant thrombi of fluffy, compact granular, or fibrillar electron-dense material. No typical fibrin periodicity was detected. These experiments support the concept of activation of the coagulation and the complement systems. We postulate that liquoid produced not only a consumptive coagulopathy in the rat but also a direct or perhaps anindirect activation of complement. Whether this latter has occurred through the classic or an alternate pathway remains to be elucidated. PMID- 1123911 TI - Early events in various forms of experimental acute tubular necrosis in rats. AB - Metabolic and morphologic changes occurred in the kidneys of rats within 3 hours after inciting acute tubular necrosis by completely clamping the renal blood supply, by intramuscular injections of glycerol, and by subcutaneous injections of HgC12. Although the initial trend was for p-aminohippurate and tetraethylammonium transport to decrease and for oxygen consumption, ammonia production, and gluconeogenesis to increase after glycerol, all of these parameters changed in opposite directions after renal pedicle clamping and after subcutaneous HgC12 (4.7 mg. per kg;). In addition, early morphologic changes in glycerol-injected rats differed from those seen with pedicle clamping and low dose HgC12. With high dose HgC12 (25 mg. per kg.), the metabolic and morphologic changes were somewhere in between those seen with the other insults. Coinciding with early metabolic and morphologic changes, cardiac output and renal blood flow decreased soon after the glycerol was given. On the basis of our findings, we cannot ascribe all of the early metabolic and morphologic changes in the glycerol model to ischemia, and we postulate that the circulating heme proteins may be nephrotoxic to ischemic renal tissue. PMID- 1123912 TI - The effects of chronic oral methyl mercury exposure on the lysosome system of rat kidney. Morphometric and biochemical studies. AB - This report describes morphometric and biochemical changes in the renal lysosome system of rats exposed to 3, 5, or 10 p.p.m. concentrations of methyl mercury hydroxide in their drinking water for 4 weeks. Increased numbers of dense, granular lysosomes, previously found to contain mercury, were observed in tubule cells of rats receiving the 3 and 5 p.p.m. dose levels but not those of the 10 p.p.m. group. Tubule cells from animals given the 10 p.p;m. dose level displayed proteinaceous vacuoles with dense crystalloid structures, apical cytoplasmic extrusion, and cellular degeneration; Mitochondrial swelling within tubule cells of treated animals showed a marked dose-response relationship. Renal microsomal activity levels of ss-glucuronidase were strongly inhibited by methyl mercury hydroxide exposure at all dose levels, whereas the activity levels of acid phosphatase were unchanged. Lysosomal beta-glucuronidase was also inhibited by methyl mercury hydroxide exposure, whereas lysosomal acid phosphatase showed approximately a 2-fold increase in activity. The results are discussed in relation to the role of lysosomes in mediating the nephrotoxic effects of methyl mercury and other toxic trace metals. PMID- 1123913 TI - Endothelial regeneration in the rat carotid artery and the significance of endothelial denudation in the pathogenesis of myointimal thickening. AB - A new model was developed to study endothelial regeneration and the effects of endothelial denudation in large arteries. Complete endothelial loss was produced in a sharply defined, unbranched segment of the rat common carotid artery by brief drying with a gentle stream of air along the lumen of the vessel. Platelets became attached to the denuded surface, but no polymorphonuclear or mononuclear leukocytic adherence or infiltration was observed. Regeneration occurred by the ingrowth, from each end of the denuded segment, of sheets of rapidly dividing endothelial cells. Endothelial replacement was complete by 7 to 10 days after drying. It was also noted that, by 14 days after drying, a striking myointimal thickening developed in the central region of the denuded segment. This central region was the last area to be covered with new endothelium; while still denuded, the region showed edema and signs of cellular proliferation in the innermost medial layer. The myointimal thickening consisted of smooth muscle-like cells in a fibroelastic stroma in the deeper zones, and a layer of rounded, relatively undifferentiated cells in the superficial zones. Progressive regression and condensation of the thickening was observed between 14 days and 3 months. In this model, the clear demarcation and completeness of endothelial denudation in the arterial segment allow study of the over-all process of endothelial replacement, avoiding the confusion imposed by islands of residual endothelium or contributions from branch vessels. The results suggest that the new endothelium in this situation is derived from each end of the segment. In addition, because the method of inducing denudation does not cause significant damage to the underlying media (as shown by the absence of inflammatory cell attachment or infiltration), the model offers a unique opportunity to study the relationship between endothelial loss and changes in the vessel wall. The correlation between the duration of endothelial denudation and the extent of myointimal thickening suggests that sustained insudation of certain, as yet undefined, factors from the lumen may provoke cellular proliferation in the arterial wall. Further investigation of this model should provide information relevant to the pathogenesis of the fibromuscular thickenings of human atherosclerosis. PMID- 1123914 TI - Conditions influencing platelet lysis. AB - When platelets take part in the formation of hemostatic plugs and thrombi in vivo, electron microscopic evidence indicates that some of the platelets not only release their granule contents but also undergo lysis. In the present study we have examined, in vitro, the relation between the release reaction of platelets and platelet lysis in response to the release-inducing agents thrombin and collagen. Release was measured by determining the amounts of 14C-serotonin and adenine nucleotides that appeared in the ambient fluid of prelabeled platelets. Lysis was measured by determining the amount of either lactate dehydrogenase or 14C-labeled cytoplasmic ATP from platelets incubated with -14C-adenosine. Washed platelets prepared from rabbit, pig, or human blood lost some lactate dehydrogenase and 14C-ATP upon exposure to thrombin, but the amounts of lactate dehydrogenase and 14C-ATP lost from rabbit platelets were much greater than from pig or human platelets. The reason for this species difference is not aparent. The platelet release reaction appeared to be necessary for lysis to occur. Reduction of the extent of the release reaction by preincubation of rabbit platelets with metabolic inhibitors to deplete metabolic ATP reduced the extent of lysis. In addition, it was apparent that the fall in platelet metabolic pool ATP caused by thrombin was not responsible for platelet lysis. Lack of calcium, addition of prostaglandin E(1), OR Increasing the albumin concentration of the suspending medium of rabbit platelets inhibited platelet lysis. These conditions may prevent the loss of material that causes lysis, inhibit the action of this lost material, or inhibit the lytic reaction. Release and lysis may occur together and release can occur without detectable lysis, but lysis in response to a release-inducing agent does not take place unless the release reaction occurs. PMID- 1123915 TI - A freeze-fracture study of the junctions between glomerular epithelial cells in aminonucleoside nephrosis. AB - In rats with aminonucleoside nephrosis, glomerular slit pores are mostly replaced by sites of close apposition between adjacent epithelial cell membranes. In replicas of freeze-fractured glomeruli, such junctions showed incomplete fibrils or grooves typical of "leaky" zonulae occludentes. PMID- 1123916 TI - Repeated endothelial injury and induction of atherosclerosis in normolipemic rabbits by human serum. AB - Since Duguid suggested that atherosclerosis represents essentially the organization of mural thrombi, there have been many attempts to produce the disease experimentally by damaging the arterial wall. A single injury to the inner lining of an artery causes lipid-free lesions, composed of smooth muscle cells and collagen, covered by endothelium. Previously, we reported the development of atherosclerotic lesions in normolipemic rabbits as a result of repeated or continuous intimal injury by an indwelling aortic polyethylene catheter. However, it was difficult to control the location or duration of the intimal injury. The present investigation was designed to produce repeated endothelial injury in a defined segment of rabbit carotid artery. Sixty-two rabbits received injections of either lymphocytotoxic-positive (LP) or lymphocytotoxic-negative (LN) human serum into a segment of left carotid artery. Autologous rabbit serum was injected into the right carotid artery as a control. Eight rabbits received a single injection of LP and were killed 4 weeks latermforty-two rabbits received injections of human serum at weekly intervals, for a maximum of four injections, and were killed 1 week after the last injectionmthirty-two of 42 rabbits received repeated injections of LP; 10 received repeated injections of LN. Raised, lipid-containing lesions were present in 21 of 26 rabbits receiving four repeated injections of LP. No, or very minimal (fewer than three cells thick), intimal thickening was found in the 10 LN rabbits and in all control right carotid arteries. In eight rabbits receiving one injection of LP, fibrous intimal thickening without lipid accumulation, fatty streaks, and edematous plaques were found. Electron microscopy of arteries from 12 rabbits sampled at 1,5, and 60 minutes after exposure to LP indicated that the initial damage was loss of endotheliummthe results consistently showed lipid in raised, thrombus-covered (non-reendothelialized) lesions. Nonraised, endothelialized lesions did not show lipid. These findings support the belief that atherosclerosis occurs in response to repeated endothelial injury. PMID- 1123917 TI - Nasal emission as a component of the misarticulation of sibilants and affricates. AB - Nasal emission confined solely to the sibilants or sibilants and affricates may be encountered as an articulatory phenomenon in speakers who do not demonstrate velopharyngeal incompetency. This phenomenon may occur both in patients who previously had an incompetent mechanism and in patients in whom such incompetency has never been documented. In the latter case, the patient may be referred to a cleft palate clinic on suspicion of a submucous cleft or other form of palatopharyngeal incompetency. Typically the nasal emission is combined with incorrect tongue placement. The persistent oral-nasal misarticulation may be viewed simplistically as a residual of earlier velopharyngeal incompetency, documented or undocumented. The speaker's own acoustic target for these consonants is grossly deviant, perhaps owing to such factors as malocclusion and earlier compensatory articulation gestures. Many such cases prove impervious to extensive articulation therapy, yet physical management may constitute "over correction" with undesirable sequelae. Inventive approaches to articulation therapy may be required in these cases, since correction of the combined oral nasal distortion requires the speaker to make many simultaneous changes in articulator placement without benefit of visual cues. PMID- 1123918 TI - A case study of an ataxic dysarthric: cineradiographic and spectrographic observations. AB - Cineradiographic and spectrographic analyses were performed to study the speech production of a subject who presented the classical neurologic signs of cerebellar lesion and who had speech characteristics like those that have been reported for ataxic dysarthria. These analyses were conducted with special attention to the deviant perceptual dimensions that have been described for ataxic speech. Examination of the cineradiographic and spectrographic records revealed conspicuous abnormalities in speaking rate, stress patterns, articulatory placements for both vowels and consonants, velocities of articulator movements, and fundamental frequency contours. In general, our physiological and acoustic observations of ataxic dysarthria were compatible with existing perceptual descriptions of this condition. The data for the subject are discussed in the light of current hypotheses concerning cerebellar participation in the regulation of skilled movement. Particular suggestions are made concerning the nature of the neuromuscular abnormalities that may underlie the aberrant motorics of ataxic dysarthria. PMID- 1123919 TI - Acoustic impedance measurements in cleft-palate children. AB - Clinical acoustic impedance findings in a group of 40 children with cleft lip or palate and a group of 20 noncleft children are presented. The cleft subjects exhibited a high incidence of hearing loss and aural pathology. The data suggest that impedance measurements lend pertinent supportive information to routine puretone audiometric testing in the detection and management of middle-ear disease in the cleft-palate population. PMID- 1123920 TI - Letter: Questions concerning Schwartz's "The Core of the Stuttering Block". PMID- 1123921 TI - Letter: Comments on Schwartz's: "The Core of the Stuttering Block". PMID- 1123922 TI - Letter: Reply to Schwartz's "The Core of the Stuttering Block". PMID- 1123923 TI - Letter: Myofunctional Therapy. PMID- 1123924 TI - A modification of the Tillman-Olsen method for obtaining the speech reception threshold. AB - Twenty normal-hearing subjects were tested to determine their speech reception thresholds (SRTs) using the Tillman-Olsen method and a modification of their method requiring no knowledge of the pure-tone audiogram from which to estimate the SRT. Varying amounts of attenuation were added to the line leading to the test earphone to minimize experimenter bias. The data revealed no significant differences between the two methods in either the SRTs themselves or the amount of time required to obtain them. A procedure is therefore advanced for clinicians wishing to measure SRTs without prior knowledge of pure-tone thresholds. PMID- 1123925 TI - Auditory localization of infants as a function of reinforcement conditions. AB - The influence of four reinforcement conditions on the auditory localization behavior of normal infants was studied. Forty-eight infants 12 to 18 months of age were assigned to one of four groups of 12 subjects each. All received 30 presentations of complex noise at suprathreshold level. After each response to the stimulus, Group 1 received no reinforcement, Group 2 received social reinforcement, Group 3 received "simple" visual reinforcement (a blinking light), and Group 4 received "complex" visual reinforcement (an animated toy animal). The two visual reinforcement conditions produced the most localization responses, followed in order by the social reinforcement and no reinforcement conditions. These results indicate that auditory localization behavior of infants is influenced by reinforcement and that the extent of this effect is related to the type of reinforcement employed. PMID- 1123926 TI - The conditioning of language in a nonverbal child conducted in a special education classroom. AB - The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to assess the feasibility of conducting speech conditioning sessions within a preschool classroom, and second, to examine the process of transfer of learned verbalizations from those sessions to classroom free time. The results indicated that the former was not only feasible but effective. A nonverbal boy, enrolled in a special education preschool, was taught to imitate reliably six words in 46 15-minute sessions. Furthermore, the child's use of spontaneous whole words during the rest of the classroom day seemed to be responsive to the contingencies of the speech sessions. PMID- 1123927 TI - Experimental modification of the Western Electric No. 5 electrolarynx to a mouth type instrument. AB - A modification of the Western Electric No; 5A electrolarynx is described and evaluated. The modification involved insertion of a bypass plug into the circuitry of this necktype instrument thus converting it to a mouth-type electrolarynx. Intensity readings at the one-third octaves and intelligibility data were obtained with the modified instrument and with a Cooper-Rand electrolarynx. The instruments were judged to be equal in overall performance. PMID- 1123928 TI - Onset, prevalence, and recovery from stuttering. AB - A critical review of research and opinion concerning age of onset, prevalence, and recovery from stuttering indicates some inconsistency among findings: the reported recovery rates may be too high, although all data sources had limitations. PMID- 1123929 TI - Internal consistency of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of the 40 receptive and 40 expressive items of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test. Twenty preschoolers with normal language development, 20 preschoolers functioning within the range of normal intelligence diagnosed as language impaired, and 20 mentally retarded children comprised the three subject groups. The subjects were equated for mental age. Stable Hoyt's reliability coefficients indicated that the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test assessed consistently the syntax and morphology used by children with atypical language development. Detailed item analysis revealed the strengths and weaknesses of both receptive and expressive items. PMID- 1123930 TI - A new therapeutic technique for the treatment of velopharyngeal incompetence. AB - A new therapeutic technique for the treatment of velopharyngeal incompetence during speech was administered to four subjects ranging in age from four to 19 years. The technique is an operant procedure designed to utilize successive approximation to competent speech via competent blowing or whistling closure mechanisms. The technique is based on cinefluoroscopic observations of normals utilizing the same closure mechanism for speech, blowing and whistling plus videofluoroscopic observations of cleft-palate subjects who were capable of attaining normal closure patterns for blowing and whistling, but not for speech. It is speculated that speech incompetence in individuals who can achieve closure during blowing and whistling is a result of an error in learning. PMID- 1123931 TI - Relative intelligibility of the CID spondees as presented via monitored live voice. AB - Using three speakers and 75 subjects, a 7.90dB range in the relative intelligibility of the Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) spondees was found when they were presented via monitored live voice. This range is consistent with previous research and is considered unnecessarily large and detrimental to the efficiency and precision of the speech reception threshold (SRT) test. The exclusive use of 18 words that have a mean range of 1.5 dB is suggested. The slope of the 3l-item spondee articulation function is 12 percent per decibel and is slightly steeper than previous research using the CID W-1 recorded spondees. The slope for the suggested 18-item test is also about 12 percent per decibel. For the 36-item test the mean speech detection threshold (SDT) was 6.6 dB sound pressure level (SPL) and the mean SRT was 14.2 db SPL. The 7.6-dB difference between the two speech measures is consistent with previous research but the SRT is about 6 dB better than the 20 dB SPL recommended by ANSI 1969. For the suggested 18-item test, the mean SRT was 14.5 dB SPL, which was 7.9 dB above SDT. When the 18-item test is used, average normal hearing can be expected to be about 5.5 dB better than specified by ANSI 1969. PMID- 1123932 TI - A response evocation program for /retroflex/. AB - A response evocation program, some principles underlying its development and administration, and a review of some clinical experiences with the program are presented. Sixty-five children with developmental articulation errors of the /retroflex/ phoneme were administered the program by one of 19 clinicians. Approximately 70 percent of program administrations resulted in a child emitting a good /retroflex/ within six minutes. Approximately 10 percent of children who were given additional training on program step failures emitted good /retroflex/'s in subsequent sessions. These preliminary observations are discussed in relation to the role of task analysis and motor skills learning principles in response evocation, clinician influences in program outcomes, and professional issues in service delivery to children with developmental articulation errors. PMID- 1123933 TI - Echocardiographic contrast studies: initial experience. AB - Echocardiograms were obtained simultaneously with the standard indocyanine green injections performed during cardiac catheterization. When injected into cardiac chambers, indocyanine green produced a cloud of echoes that enabled us to visualize characteristic flow patterns in the presence of normal and abnormal cardiac hemodynamics. More than 300 echocardiographic contrast studies have been recorded in patients with various congenital and acquired cardiac defects. The patterns obtained were reproducible, sensitive, and specific. PMID- 1123934 TI - Ultrastructural morphometry of the diffusion surface in a case of pulmonary asbestosis. AB - A combination of electron microscopy and stereologic principles has allowed an evaluation of the contribution of structures in the blood-air barrier to gas exchange across it. In the present study this method was applied to biopsy material from the lungs of a patient with asbestosis. Within the limits of the sampling method, the results of the study are interpreted to indicate that measurable diffusion abnormalities were principally due to changes other than an increase in membrane thickness. PMID- 1123935 TI - The role of surgery in the management of endometriosis. AB - Surgery has a specific and realistic place in the management of endometriosis. In the presence of an ovarian mass, diagnosis to rule out neoplasm is mandatory. Therapeutic surgery is carried out for the relief of pain when there is known symptomatic endometriosis or to provide improved chances of a successful gestation when there is infertility. The use of hormones preoperatively has not been routine but seems to be logical when there is extensive and significant scarring. It would seem appropriate to attempt to preserve childbearing function in those patients who are young and desirous of this. In older patients or those in whom the childbearing is complete, it seems unwise to leave behind diseased tissue that can require a subsequent operation. Conservative surgical treatment for infertility related to endometriosis has about a 40 percent chance of successful pregnancy; such conservative treatment carries a 10 to 12 percent risk of subsequent reoperation. The rate of malignancy in endometriosis is low. Intestinal tract endometriosis is uncommon. Bowel preparation is recommended if bowel surgery is anticipated because of the endometriosis. Urinary tract endometriosis is even more uncommon with the exception of the extrinsic pressure and scarring secondary to extensive pelvic endometriosis. tsurgical treatment seems to be of more value than hormone therapy when other organs are involved. PMID- 1123936 TI - The use of a self-administered alcoholism screening test (SAAST) in a medical center. AB - A self-administered alcoholism screening questionnaire was given routinely to 100 patients admitted to an alcoholism treatment unit as well as to 100 randomly selected patients in a medical population. The questionnaire differentiated the alcoholic group from the general medical group of patients. It was also successful in identifying the "hidden alcoholic" in the general medical population. It is concluded that this device would be a valuable part of a general medical screening questionnaire to detect the presence of alcoholism in the general medical-surgical patients. PMID- 1123937 TI - [Centralized control of graduate education in USA, too]. PMID- 1123938 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in threatening uremia due to renal artery obstruction]. PMID- 1123939 TI - [Obstetrical problems]. PMID- 1123940 TI - [Science, knowledge and education in psychiatry (I): Scientific theoretical aspects on psychodynamic psychotherapy]. PMID- 1123941 TI - [Subjective results of analgesia during labor--a questionary]. PMID- 1123942 TI - [The effect of hypnosis on the experience of labor]. PMID- 1123943 TI - [Induction of labor with the Cardiff apparatus]. PMID- 1123944 TI - [Induction of labor with prostaglandins]. PMID- 1123945 TI - [Cardiotocography in obstetrics]. PMID- 1123946 TI - [Pain during labor--an inquiry]. PMID- 1123947 TI - [The citizen and the pharmacy]. PMID- 1123948 TI - [Social welfare as a charity organization]. PMID- 1123949 TI - [Stress ulcer in rats with portocaval anastomosis (PCA) (author's transl)]. PMID- 1123950 TI - [Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in oral and intravenous glucose load after intraabdominal operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1123951 TI - [Surgical procedures in gallstone-ileus (author's transl)]. PMID- 1123952 TI - [Changes of the coagulation- and fibrinolysis system in traumatic shock with special reference to the lymph system(author's transl)]. PMID- 1123953 TI - [Follow-up of fundoplication (author's transl)]. PMID- 1123954 TI - Brain catecholamines and blood flow. PMID- 1123955 TI - Dependability of the non-occlusive base line of the interrupted resonance electromagnetic blood flow meter system. PMID- 1123956 TI - Thermotropic activity of apomorphine in the rabbit: a central site of action. PMID- 1123957 TI - Endocrine effects of chronic administration of psychoactive drugs to prepuberal male rats. I: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. PMID- 1123958 TI - Effect of chronic stimulation of denervated muscles on the uridine-5-3H incorporation and fibrillation activity. PMID- 1123959 TI - Inhibitory effect of zinc ions on platelet aggregation and serotonin release reaction. PMID- 1123960 TI - Participation of cholinergic circuits in renin induced drinking. PMID- 1123961 TI - Energy state of wheat leaves in ammonium nitrate-treated plants. PMID- 1123962 TI - Neurophysiological properties of the pineal body i. field potentials. PMID- 1123963 TI - Neyrophysiological properties of the pineal body. II. Single unit recording. PMID- 1123964 TI - Intraventricular administration of anti-vasopressin serum inhibits. PMID- 1123965 TI - Effects of sulfonylureas (tolbutamide, glipentide and glibenclamide) on in vitro glycerol metabolism in adipose tissue from rats. PMID- 1123966 TI - Cortical acetylcholine release during operant behaviour in rabbits. PMID- 1123967 TI - Investigations on drug produced and subjectively experienced discriminative stimuli. I. The fentanyl cue, a tool to investigate subjectively experience narcotic drug actions. PMID- 1123968 TI - Alpha activity: the influence of unpatterned light input and auditory feedback. PMID- 1123969 TI - Gangliosides of the peripheral nervous system of the rat. PMID- 1123970 TI - 6-Sulfanilamidoindazole arthritis: influence of alloxan diabetes, phenylbutazone and D-penicillamine on inflammatory size, sulfhydryl groups, diphenylamine reaction and enzymes of the serum. PMID- 1123971 TI - Composition of uropygial gland secretions of birds of prey. AB - The chemical composition of the uropygial gland secretion of five species of birds of prey was investigated by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy technique, and the results are discussed from the chemotaxonomical point of view. The secretion is a complex mixture of monoester waxes, the fatty acids of which are mainly dimethyl-branched, with the first substituent in 2 position and the other near the methyl end of the molecule. Mono-, trimethyl-, and unbrached fatty acids also are observed. The wax alcohols are mainly mono- and dimethyl substituted. Unbranched alcohols and traces of trimethyl-substituted alcohols also were detected. Chemotaxonomically, the birds of prey differ from all orders hitherto investigated. The degree of substitution increases from the Falconidae to the Accipitridae. PMID- 1123972 TI - Occurrence and chemical structure of nonmethylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acids in American oyster Crassostrea virginica. AB - The American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, was found to contain structurally homologous nonmethylene-interrupted dienoic (NMID) fatty acids. The major C20 and C22 nonmethylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acid isomers were shown to occur as two pairs of homologues 5,13-20:2 with 7,15-22:2 and 5,11-20:2 with 7,13-22:2. A combination of analytical procedures was required for conclusive structure determination. PMID- 1123973 TI - Presence of phytosphingosine combined with 2-hydroxy fatty acids in sphingomyelins of bovine kidney and intestinal mucosa. AB - A minor part of sphingomyelins of bovine kidney and small intestine has been shown by mass spectrometry to contain phytosphinogsine in the earlier unknown combination with 2-hydroxy fatty acids. PMID- 1123974 TI - Triglyceride composition of Sapindus mukorossi seed oil. AB - The fatty acid composition of Sapindus mukorossi seed oil was determined by spectrophotometry, urea complexation, and gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The percentages of individual acids were found to be: palmitic, 4.0; stearic, 0.2; arachidic, 4.4; oleic 62.8; linoleic, 4.6; linolenic, 1.6; and eicosenoic, 22.4. Triglyceride composition was calculated from the fatty acid compositions of the native oil and of the monoglycerides produced from it by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. The oil is composed of 0.1, 2.1, 22.0, and 75.8% trisaturated, monounsaturated disaturatd, diunsaturated monosaturated, and triunsaturated glycerides, respectively. The special characteristic of the Sapindus mukorossi seed oil is its content of 26.3 and 26.7% triolein and eicoseno-di-oleins, respectively. PMID- 1123975 TI - Lipids of freshwater Dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis: comparison of odontocete bioacoustic lipids and habitat. AB - The melon and jaw lipids of the freshwater dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis are composed mainly of isovaleroyl wax esters and diisovaleroyl triglycerides. The blubber fat contains only a trace of wax ester and is mostly tri-(long chain) and monoisovaleroyl triglycerides. Detailed gas liquid chromatographic analyses of the intact wax esters and triglycerides and of the derived fatty acids and fatty alcohols indicate common compositional patterns in the wax esters and triglycerides of the respective head lipids. Both odd and even long chain (C12 C16) isostructures are prominent in the melon and jaw lipids, but only higher odd chain length iso-acids are major components in the blubber. Sotalia fluviatilis (family Delphinidae) and Inia geoffrensis (family Platanistidae) share the same freshwater habitat in the upper Amazon River, and both utilize echolocation to navigate and to find food. Comparison of their respective bioacoustical lipid compositions show distinctive types of head fats, Sotalia being rich in iso-5:0 and Inia lacking iso-5:0. This indicates that iso-valeric acid per se has no obligatory role in dolphin echolocation. PMID- 1123976 TI - Synthesis of prostaglandins in platelets of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. AB - As a continuation of previous studies on the synthesis of prostaglandins in platelets of human venous blood, the present communication describes the synthesis of prostaglandins in experimental hypercholesterolemia induced in rabbits by dietary means. In such a condition, high serum level of cholesterol did not change the rate of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 1123978 TI - Evaluation of the medical record. PMID- 1123977 TI - Inhibition of enzymatic reduction of delta 14-double bond of 5 alpha-cholesta 8,14-dien-3 beta-ol and 5 alpha-cholesta-7,14-dien-3 beta-ol by AY-9944. AB - AY-994 (trans-1,4-bis-(2-chlorobenzyl-aminomethyl) cyclohexane dihydrochloride), a potent inhibitor of the enzymatic reduction of the delta 7-double bond of delta 5,7-sterols, has been shown to inhibit, at higher concentrations (10-4 M), the enzymatic reduction of the delta 14-double bond of cholesta-8,14-dien-3 beta-ol and cholesta-7,14-dien-3 beta-ol. PMID- 1123979 TI - Medication errors in hospitals. PMID- 1123980 TI - Anatomy of a malpractice case: a clinical report. PMID- 1123981 TI - Forensic aspects of electroencephalography. PMID- 1123982 TI - Subdural hematomas: from diagnosis to prognosis. PMID- 1123983 TI - Direct and cross-examination of plaintiff expert witness (an orthopedist) in a case involving traumatic amputation of portion of finger, reimplantation, gangrene, informed consent. Part II. PMID- 1123984 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of malignant hypertension]. PMID- 1123985 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of hypertensive crisis in essential and renal hypertension]. PMID- 1123986 TI - [Radiological diagnosis in malignant hypertension and microangiopathies]. PMID- 1123987 TI - [Loss of consciousness caused by heart diseases]. PMID- 1123988 TI - [Therapy of chronic peripheral arterial occlusive diseases with snake venom enzyme Arwin]. PMID- 1123989 TI - [Etiocholanolone fever]. PMID- 1123990 TI - [Didactic organisation of a course of lectures using the principles of programmed instruction]. PMID- 1123991 TI - Methods for analysis of histones. PMID- 1123992 TI - Methods for the assessment of selective histone phosphorylation. PMID- 1123993 TI - Methods for isolation and characterization of nonhistone chromosomal proteins. PMID- 1123994 TI - Methods for isolation and characterization of chromosomal nonhistone proteins. Fractionation of chromatin on hydroxyapatite and characterization of the nonhistone proteins by ion exchange chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1123995 TI - Methods for analysis of phosphorylated acidic chromatin protein interactions with DNA. PMID- 1123996 TI - Immunochemical characteristics of chromosomal proteins. PMID- 1123997 TI - Circular dichroism analysis of nucleoprotein complexes. PMID- 1123998 TI - Enrichment of polysomes synthesizing a specific protein by use of affinity chromatography. PMID- 1123999 TI - The use of inhibitors in the study of hormone mechanisms in cell culture. PMID- 1124000 TI - The design of double label radioisotope experiments. PMID- 1124001 TI - Analysis of the action of chemical agents upon the cell division cycle. PMID- 1124002 TI - Methods for analysis of cell cycles in vivo. PMID- 1124003 TI - Elastic effects in pulsatile blood flow. PMID- 1124004 TI - Effects of norepinephrine infusion (IV) on microvascular pressures and capillary blood flow in the mesentery. PMID- 1124005 TI - Blood flow in tapered tubes. PMID- 1124006 TI - Comparative effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, angiotensin on pre- and postcapillary resistance vessels in dog skeletal muscle. PMID- 1124007 TI - Fibrinolysis of the lung: an experimental study on the localization of plasminogen activator in the rat lung. PMID- 1124009 TI - Letter: Autoregulation in cerebral circulation. PMID- 1124008 TI - Possible contribution of basement membrane to the structural rigidity of blood capillaries. PMID- 1124010 TI - Spotlight on the University of Michigan Medical Center, 1975. PMID- 1124011 TI - U-M med school curriculum comprised of six- and eight-year programs. PMID- 1124012 TI - The dean talks about financial needs of the university. PMID- 1124013 TI - MSMS negotiating committee to recommend non-participation. PMID- 1124014 TI - Endobronchial lipoma associated with squamous metaplasia of bronchial mucosa. PMID- 1124015 TI - Absorption capacity of the upper airway and lung. Part II. Preliminary experimental data. PMID- 1124017 TI - Attorney General limits generic drug substitution. PMID- 1124016 TI - Burn care in Genesee County. PMID- 1124018 TI - Michigan's new Mental Health Code takes positive steps in care of mental patients. PMID- 1124019 TI - Oxprenolol and hydrallazine in the treatment of hypertension. AB - Oxprenolol and hydrallazine in combination were found to be as effective as methyldopa in a trial in hypertensive patients. The drugs could be given in a twice-daily dosage and had a much higher degree of patient acceptance. The side effects of this drug combination were usually due to hydrallazine and were mild and short-lived, but did require the withdrawal of one patient from the trial. Hydrallazine should be used with caution in the treatment of patients with a history of myocardial lschaemia. PMID- 1124020 TI - Diuretics, beta blockers and vasodilators. Dosage in mild and moderate hypertension. AB - This paper presents experience with the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension by means of a thiazide diuretic (cyclopenthiazide), a small dose of a beta adrenergic blocking agent (oxprenolol) and progressively increasing doses of a vasodilator (hydrallazine). Satisfactory control of blood pressure was achieved in 38 of 41 cases without the production of distressing effects. This treatment regime was acceptable to patients and appears more promising than other currently available methods for blood pressure control. PMID- 1124021 TI - Pathophysiological rationale for the use of vasodilators in hypertension. PMID- 1124022 TI - [Pharmacodynamical corticosteroid therapy combined with antibiotic causal treatment of severe acute bacterial infections. Current contribution of typhoid epidemic in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 1124024 TI - [Anorexia nervosa treated by behavior modification (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124023 TI - [Physical negligence and subsequent exitus of infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124025 TI - [Luscher's choice of eight colors in psychiatry. 1. Fundamentals of the test]. PMID- 1124026 TI - [Delusion and understanding (author's transl)]. AB - This paper presents the psychodynamic investigation of a case of schizophrenia, which developed on the basis of a LSD-psychosis. It is a contribution to a treatment of schizophrenia, in which the coexistence of biological and psychological factors is taken into consideration. Biological premises do not invalidate the psychological understanding of many symptoms. Psychodynamic experience permits the psychiatrist to encounter the patient adaquately, even if the possibility for a long psychotherapeutic treatment is absent. PMID- 1124027 TI - [Blood pressure in the beginning alcohol withdrawal state (author's transl)]. AB - Blood pressure elevation was found to be a frequent cardiovascular symptom of the prodromal phase of alcohol withdrawal state: 21 of 25 patients (mean age 38 years) had hypertension (mean value 171/107 mm Hg) during the first two days of hospitalization, which returned to normal with the disappearance of the other withdrawal symptoms. Augmented activity of the sympathetic nervous systems is thought to be the most probable cause of blood pressure elevation in alcohol withdrawal state. PMID- 1124028 TI - [Luscher's choice of eight colors in psychiatry. 2. Results of psychopathologic tests]. PMID- 1124029 TI - [Letter: Restriction of fat or carbohydrates in reducing diet?]. PMID- 1124030 TI - [Letter: Haptoglobin and alpha2-macroglobulin]. PMID- 1124031 TI - [Letter: Glucose tolerance test in practice]. PMID- 1124033 TI - [Letter: Danger of hepatitis in mass-boarding and swimming pools]. PMID- 1124032 TI - [Letter: Criminal behavior under the influence of drugs]. PMID- 1124034 TI - [Pregnancy in liver diseases]. PMID- 1124035 TI - [Gastrocamera and x-ray control in the treatment of gastric ulcer. Current results]. PMID- 1124036 TI - [The action of beta-sitosterol on the metabolism of cholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124037 TI - [Renal osteopathy, rachitis and vitamin D]. PMID- 1124038 TI - [Edematous hepatitis: a special form of acute virus hepatitis with secondary aldosteronism (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124040 TI - [Intestinal calcium resorption]. PMID- 1124039 TI - [Various clinical pictures of miliary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124041 TI - [Medical care in prisons]. PMID- 1124042 TI - [Letter: Therapy of carcinoid flush]. PMID- 1124043 TI - [Letter: Treatment of amenorrhea in anorexia]. PMID- 1124044 TI - [Use of the adsorption method for regeneration of dialysate in hemodialysis (Redy system) (author's transl)]. AB - The adsorption method for regeneration of dialysate was introduced as a new principle in hemodialysis. To compare the efficacy of the Redy-system (regenerative dialysis supply system) which utilizes a sorbent cartridge, with the common single-pass systems, 2 patients were dialyzed weekly twice or three times 6 hours over a period of 3 months. Three different types of dialyzers were used: Cordis hollow-fiber, plate dialyzer Lundia Nova 17,0 mu and coil dialyzer Travenol Ultraflo II. Monitoring of serum nitrogen constituents (urea, creatinine, uric acid) showed that the efficacy especially of the hollow-fiber dialyzer was comparable with the single-pass-system. Serial measurements of electrolytes in dialysate and serum, as well as dialysate osmolarity and ammonia indicated that the adsorption method is a safe technique. The advantage of the Redy-system is its independency of a fixed and treated water supply system, since it is able to operate with 5.5 1 tap water, an electrolyte concentrate being added in the recirculation system. Therefore this dialysis device can be installed everywhere, giving the dialysis patient more independency. PMID- 1124045 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - The sarcoidosis of the kidney frequently shows little symptoms, but leads in more progredient stages to heaviest functional deficits and uremia. Beside this genuine sarcoidosis of the kidney a nephrocalcinosis caused by the often higher blood calcium level in sarcoidosis patients can occur. Its cardinal manifestation is a nephrolithiasis. Seldom in sarcoidosis patients a glomerulonephritis following to humoral immune reactions is appearing. A case of genuine sarcoidosis of the kidney with typical course and extended functional deficit, improved by intensive therapy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressiva is reported. PMID- 1124046 TI - [Nephropathy and deafness (Alport syndrome) without positive family history (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report of a 22-year-old man affected with hereditary nephropathy and deafness (Alport syndrome) without positive family history. The diagnosis is based on the typical clinical history, presence of symmetrical neural deafness, and terminal stage of renal insufficiency, that could not be classified otherwise following renal biopsy. The differential diagnosis and genetics are discussed. PMID- 1124047 TI - [...through centuries still Mercurius]. PMID- 1124048 TI - [Letter: Dermatoglyphic changes in leukemia]. PMID- 1124049 TI - [Breath rate as a function of parameters of pulmonary function in body plethysmography (author's transl)]. AB - Parameters of pulmonary function were measured at resting breathing rates (mean 15-17/min) and at breathing rates of 20-40/min in 238 subjects (79 normals, 44 patients with normal pulmonary function in spite of lung disease, and 115 patients, most of whom had obstructive-emphysematous lesions) in a constantvolume body plethysmograph with a respiratory bag. In the subjects with normal pulmonary function the resistance increased significantly by 25 and 45 percent, resp., with more rapid respiration (p smaller than 0,01). Nevertheless it is assumed that this rarely accounts for false interpretations in everyday routine practice. No relationship of breathing rate to respiratory passage resistance was observed in patients with increased total resistance. By way of contrast, ventilation work of breathing (pV diagram) and the index of ventilation work of breathing (defined Vp ratio) showed a close correlation to breathing rate in all 3 groups. This leads us to conclude that these parameters provide more exact information on the breathing mechanism than does total resistance. Studies on ventilation work of breathing must be conducted under clearly defined breathing rates and consideration of the respiratory volume. intrathoracic gas volume was not correlated to the breath rate. PMID- 1124050 TI - [The effect of Tropaacidester Sch 1000 on respiratory resistance (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of Tropaacidester Sch 1000 on respiratory resistance, intrathoracical volume, peripheral blood pressure, and heart frequency over a period of 24 hours were examined in ten patients suffering from obstructive respiratory diseases. Compared with placebo 2 puffs of Sch 1000 administered 6 times significantly decreased respiratory resistance. The bronchodilatatory effects of Sch 1000 and Orciprenalin seemed to be almost identical. Side effects after application of Sch 1000 have not been observed. PMID- 1124051 TI - [Radiation late damage of the thoracic marrow after irradiation in the thoracic region (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given about radiation late damage on the thoracic marrow, basing on the case histories of 100 patients irradiated in the mediastinal region with telegamma from a 60 Cobalt or 137 Caesium source between 1959, January 1st and 1972, december 31st. 77 patients were followed up during 18 months after the radiotherapy was ended; in 3 of them (equal to 4 p.c.) a radiation-induced myelopathy was found. These 3 cases were suffering from Hodgkin's disease, whereas in none of the patients with bronchial carcinoma--in spite of markedly higher radiation doses--any late damage was observed. Therefore, in irradiation of the mediastinal region, the exposure of the spinal marrow should be reduced, although the dose alone is not decisive for the development of a radiation myelopathy. PMID- 1124052 TI - [Letter: Anticoagulant therapy in polycythemia vera with heart infarct?]. PMID- 1124053 TI - [Letter: Ergometric loading]. PMID- 1124054 TI - [Letter: Peeled or unpeeled fruit?]. PMID- 1124055 TI - [Letter: Virus transmission through an endoscope]. PMID- 1124056 TI - [Kinetic method for total protein determination using the CentrifiChem centrifugal-analysator]. PMID- 1124057 TI - [Preventive physicians met in Venice]. PMID- 1124058 TI - [Nutritional consultation for overweight patients]. PMID- 1124059 TI - [Use of paramedical personnel in nutritional consultation of overweight hypertensive patients]. PMID- 1124060 TI - [Therapy of acute diseases of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 1124061 TI - [A fat modified dietary sausage, enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids]. PMID- 1124062 TI - [Serum lipids: II. Physiology of blood lipids - III. Methods of demonstration]. PMID- 1124063 TI - [Hypertension in adolescents]. PMID- 1124064 TI - [Interaction and structure of sterile married couples]. PMID- 1124065 TI - [Pathogenetic interrelationship of urinary bladder carcinoma and spinal cord diseases]. PMID- 1124066 TI - [Prohibition of smoking during courses of continuing medical education]. PMID- 1124067 TI - [Transfer mechanisms and biologic availability of drugs]. PMID- 1124068 TI - Anatomy of a rabies epidemic. PMID- 1124069 TI - The status of equine practice abroad. PMID- 1124070 TI - Stray animals: their impact on a community. AB - The statistical import of the study not-withstanding, we found the most serious problem to be the lack of understanding of the pet population crisis and compassion toward animals on the part of pet owners, as evident in the pet columns of the classified ads. Our study leads us to believe that pet owners are allowing the reproduction of kittens and puppies in such numbers that they often have no cash value and, in fact, the owners will spend money, in the form of advertising, to facilitate their disposal. The street observations indicated that relatively few animals (lessthan 1%) actually are allowed to run free. Dog bites occur at a ratio of 1:20 for the dog population. In the area under study, free roaming dogs and cats present a mild to moderate problem, originating from a small percentage of pet owners. Only a small amount of pet animal suffering occurs by death from environmental hazards (ie, automobiles), and there is just a moderate amount of intentional killing of nondersirable pet animals. We fell the method used in this study and the results obtained from it have importance elsewhere. It should be coupled with a broader based survey questionnaire to better establish the ratio of pet ownership to the general population and the reasons and benefits of pet ownership. We could then have the "facts" about the pet overpopulation problem, as well as better understand the community values toward pet animals. A complete report with additional accompanying tables is available from the senior author at Rural Route One, Urbana, Illinois 61801. PMID- 1124071 TI - Iris atrophy in a dog. PMID- 1124072 TI - Umbilical hernia in a cat. PMID- 1124073 TI - Equine practice tips. PMID- 1124074 TI - Problem behavior in dogs. Understanding the shy dog. AB - The term "shy dog" should be qualified by examination of the dog's actual behavior and those things that stimulate the shyness. Dogs that display submissive behavior may suffer from a punishment syndrome created by overly harsh treatment. Others may suffer from kennelosis or other improper socialization during early critical periods. In all cases the dog's level of confidence must be increased vis a vis people. Rehabilitation requires avoidance of physical manipulation, gradual socialization, and demonstrative teaching for command responses. PMID- 1124075 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in small animals. PMID- 1124076 TI - A structure-activity study by nuclear magnetic resonance of peptide interactions with vancomycin. PMID- 1124077 TI - Genetic differences in the aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible n-hydroxylation of 2 acetylaminofluorene and acetaminophen-produced hepatotoxicity in mice. PMID- 1124078 TI - Reduction of rat liver microsomal ribonuclease by cycloheximide. PMID- 1124079 TI - Neonatal imprinting and the turnover of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in rat liver. PMID- 1124080 TI - Dihydroxytryptamines: effects on noradrenergic function in mouse heart in vivo. PMID- 1124081 TI - Evidence that dopamine is not a substrate for adrenal phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase. PMID- 1124082 TI - A proposed pathway of plasma glycoprotein synthesis. AB - Plasma glycoprotein synthesis in the liver occurs in a stepwise fashion. The first sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, is attached to the protein during the growth of the polypeptide chain on the membrane-bound ribosomes. Subsequent carbohydrates are incorporated after the completion of the protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The reactions are carried out by enzymes strongly bound to the membranes. Because the glycosylation reaction occurs in the interior of the cytoplasmic tubules a permeability problem for the nucleotide sugar exists. Recent studies indicate that sugar-lipids are formed on the cytoplasmic site of the membrane and these complexes transfer the sugars across the membrane. Experimental evidence for this pathway is presented in this article. PMID- 1124083 TI - Letters to the editor: On the transfer of nuclear RNA into isolated mitochondria. Further evidence for template properties of nuclear RNA taken up by isolated mitochondria. AB - Some properties of nuclear RNA taken up by isolated mitochondria during aerobic incubation were studied. Nuclear RNA fraction re-isolated from incubated mitochondria was characterized by homogeneous sedimentation distribution in sucrose gradient (7-9S) and by absence of extended secondary structure. In this respect the RNA fraction differed from the nuclear RNA added to mitochondria and was similar to in vivo rapidly labelled mitochondrial RNA. The hybridization pattern of re-isolated RNA with nuclear DNA is consistent with the presence of transcripts from unique DNA sequences in this RNA fraction. PMID- 1124084 TI - Water vapor sorption of keratan sulfate. AB - Keratan sulfate was isolated from bovine cornea. The water vapor sorption isotherms were obtained on both sodium and calcium salts of keratan sulfate at different temperatures. Deuterated water sorption isotherms were obtained on sodium keratan sulfates. The infrared spectra of the keratan-sulfate was monitored as a function of water and D2O uptake. The results are discussed in terms of an open polymer matrix that exists in the solid state of keratan sulfate. PMID- 1124086 TI - [Surgical treatment of trochanter-proximal femoral fractures using Ender's nails]. PMID- 1124085 TI - Smooth muscle regeneration. A review and experimental study. PMID- 1124087 TI - [Clinical observations in primary and secondary traumatic nerve lesions]. PMID- 1124088 TI - [Efficiency of reinforcing tetanus vaccination, prevention of hyperimmunizations]. PMID- 1124089 TI - [Causality in industrial-accident legislation]. PMID- 1124090 TI - Editorial: Another view of the certificate-of-need laws. PMID- 1124092 TI - Letter: Rates of post-transfusion hepatitis. PMID- 1124091 TI - Sounding board. Unapproved drugs in the practice of medicine. PMID- 1124093 TI - Letter: Risk to contacts of HBs Ag carriers. PMID- 1124094 TI - Letter: Serum lysosyme levels in Crohn's disease. PMID- 1124095 TI - Letter: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 1124096 TI - Letter: Uses and usefulness of penicillamine. PMID- 1124097 TI - Letter: Chemoprophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 1124098 TI - Letter: Is I-V injection noninvasive? PMID- 1124099 TI - Letter: Potassium in salt substitutes. PMID- 1124100 TI - Letter: Unlimited educational opportunities for Air Force physicians? PMID- 1124101 TI - Letter: Medical students in financial straits. PMID- 1124102 TI - Letter: Canada succeeds by quashing contingency fees. PMID- 1124103 TI - Letter: More medical power to the people. PMID- 1124104 TI - Suppression of delayed hypersensitivity in schistosome-infected patients by niridazole. AB - Niridazole, an anti-parasitic drug, suppresses manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity and retards allograft rejection in laboratory animals. We investigated the immunosuppressive effects of the standard antihelminthic regimen of niridazole (25 mg/kg/day for seven days) in five patients with schistosomiasis. Although 15-minute skin reactions to schistosomal antigens remained unchanged, niridazole reduced or ablated positive 48-hour skin reactions to tuberculin (PPD), mumps and schistosome antigens in all patients tested six and 15 days after therapy began. Complete recovery of delayed dermal hypersensitivity was observed by 114 days. PPD-induced lymphocyte transformation was severely depressed in three and partially depressed in two of the five patients. Suppression was observed at either six or 15 days (or both) after beginning of treatment, and complete recovery at 114 days. It is concluded that therapeutic doses of niridazole suppress delayed hypersensitivity and antigen induced lymphocyte transformation in man. PMID- 1124105 TI - Total eosinophil counts in the management of bronchial asthma. AB - Total eosinophil counts were investigated in asthmatic patients to determine their usefulness in the diagnosis and management of steroid-dependent asthma. Counts averaged 122 plus or minus 74 (S.D.) per mm-3 (65 untreated normal subjects) and 43 plus or minus 22 per mm-3 (six prednisone-treated normal subjects). Fifty-two patients with active bronchial asthma showed significant eosinophilia (greater than 350/mm-3 off and greater than 85/mm-3 on steroids), suggesting that eosinophilia is an important diagnostic feature of bronchial asthma. In 14 patients (60 observations), the counts showed significant inverse correlation with specific airway conductance--r equals 0.74, p less than 0.001- and with a variety of other measurements of bronchial dynamics and lung volumes, suggesting that the total eosinophil count reflects asthmatic activity and is useful for regulating steroid dosage and for early detection of exacerbations. PMID- 1124106 TI - Biosynthetic defect in monocytes from human beings with genetic deficiency of the second component of complement. PMID- 1124107 TI - By the London post. Conflicting loyalties in a damaging dispute--An ancient rivalry--Disaster on the tube. PMID- 1124108 TI - Editorial: The total eosinophil count in obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 1124109 TI - Editorial: Felis domestica. PMID- 1124110 TI - Letter: An internist: his role, training, and name. PMID- 1124111 TI - Letter: What medical role for the average woman? PMID- 1124112 TI - Letter: Assessment of quality care. PMID- 1124113 TI - Letter: Proper use of emergency facilities. PMID- 1124114 TI - Letter: Adjuvants to breast operations. PMID- 1124115 TI - Letter: Hepatitis surveillance in an oncology unit. PMID- 1124116 TI - Letter: Steely-hair syndrome and copper. PMID- 1124117 TI - Letter: Urinary-tract dilatation without anatomic abnormalities. PMID- 1124118 TI - Letter: Submicroscopic asbestos fibers and disease. PMID- 1124119 TI - Letter: Advantages of milk. PMID- 1124120 TI - Letter: Possible analgesic action of L-dopa. PMID- 1124121 TI - Letter: Psychoanalysis defended. PMID- 1124122 TI - Letter: Stressed musicians. PMID- 1124123 TI - How the cerebellum could memorise movements. PMID- 1124124 TI - Acceptance of novel flavours is increased after early experience of diverse tastes. PMID- 1124125 TI - Independence of channels in colour contrast perception. PMID- 1124126 TI - Inhibition and disinhibition of direction-specific mechanisms in human vision. PMID- 1124127 TI - Genetic control of haploid parthenogenetic development in mammalian embryos. PMID- 1124128 TI - Polymer exclusion, cell adhesion and membrane fusion. PMID- 1124129 TI - Carbohydrate-mediated elimination of avian plasma glycoprotein in mammals. PMID- 1124130 TI - Pentobarbital modulates transmitter effects on mouse spinal neurones grown in tissue culture. PMID- 1124131 TI - Glucagon-like immunoreactivity in insect corpus cardiacum. PMID- 1124132 TI - Ethanol inhibition of transport of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid from cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 1124133 TI - Placental production and foetal utilisation of lactate and pyruvate. PMID- 1124134 TI - NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the Fc fragment of IgD resembles IgE and IgG sequences. PMID- 1124135 TI - Rapid postsynthetic destruction of unstable haemoglobin Bushwick. PMID- 1124136 TI - Renal urate excretion in normal man. AB - The development of our knowledge of the intrarenal process involved in the control of urate excretion in normal man is summarized. Although there are many gaps in our current knowledge, and different interpretations may be given to the available data, current evidence seems to favor the existence of extensive tubular reabsorption of urate following its glomerular filtration. Subsequently, tubular secretion of urate and the reabsorption of an unknown amount of the secreted urate probably take place. For reasons discussed, it seems most likely that the regulation and control of urate excretion are accomplished through modulations in tubular secretion, post-secretory reabsorption, or both. PMID- 1124137 TI - Origin and extrarenal elimination of uric acid in man. AB - The origin of uric acid, metabolic pathways of purine metabolism and the disposition of uric acid in normal man are reviewed. Two thirds of the uric acid is normally excreted through the kidney while one third gains entrance to the gut where it undergoes uricolysis. The pathogenesis of hyperuricemia in primary and secondary gout is discussed. Increased production or decreased excretion of uric acid are the two principal mechanisms of hyperuricemia. The known biochemical defects associated with primary overproduction gout are outlined. Extrarenal uricolysis assumes a greater role when the renal excretion of uric acid is compromised. PMID- 1124138 TI - Intrinsic renal disease leading to abnormal urate excretion. AB - Since approximately two thirds of daily urate production is normally excreted by the kidney, intrinsic renal disease resulting in abnormalities of urate excretion may have a profound effect upon urate homeostasis. Alterations in the pattern of urate excretion encountered in chronic renal failure are reviewed in depth, with a description of adaptive mechanisms for urate excretion which develop in residual nephrons, as exemplified by the remaining normal kidney of transplant donors. In addition, abnormalities in urate excretion in the presence of a normal complement of nephrons are described. Diminished urate excretion per nephron appears to be responsible for hyperuricemia in some patients with gout, while a variety of tubular defects resulting in excessive renal urate excretion have been documented as the basis for some cases of hypouricemia. PMID- 1124139 TI - [Complications of anterior cervical fusion operations]. AB - The authors describe the technique of operation and then report about 15 intra- and post-operative complications in 360 anterior cervical fusions in 307 patients who suffered from cervical disc lesions. The complication rate was 4.16%. Apart from one case of complete but clinically reasonably well compensated recurrent paresis, all complications healed without permanent deficit. The differential diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy of these specific operative complications are discussed. PMID- 1124140 TI - Demonstration of cervical spinal canal before and after fusion operation. AB - With the help of myelography using "oil soluble" positive contrast media, it is possible with a horizontal beam and a prone patient to outline the dorsal limit of the vertebrae and to estimate the degree of disc protrusion in the cervical region. In order to demonstrate the effect of anterior "ventral" fusion and especially the removal of the disc protrusion a large number of patients were again subjected to myelography following operation. It was; therefore, desirable that the contrast medium instilled pre-operatively should be mobilized in order to achieve such a demonstration in the cervical region. The method of operative myelography are described and illustrated by photographs. PMID- 1124141 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by the persistence of the median artery. AB - As another cause for a symptomatic carpal tunnel syndrome the persistence of the median artery is postulated. This was observed by the authors in three cases all of whom presented a typical carpal tunnel syndrome. As the only cause in all three cases a persistent median artery was observed. The embryological facts and the possible pathogenetic causes discussed. PMID- 1124142 TI - New possibilities of controlled hypotension in neurosurgery. AB - The position of controlled hypotension in neurosurgery is reviewed including both the new and old techniques and the drugs used. A special emphasis is placed on our use of sodium Nitroprusside which allows short lived, but very significant lowering of the blood pressure. Using this technique it was possbile in three cases where rebleeding of the aneurysm occurred at operation and in a further six cases of considerable arterial haemorrhage, to, "dry" the field of operation i.e. reduce the bleeding to such an extent that satisfactory orientation and quick and accurate handling of the emergency could be achieved. PMID- 1124143 TI - Intraspinal intramedullary epidermoid tumor. AB - A case of an intraspinal intramedullary epidermoid tumor at the level of D 2-4 is reported on. The case history, diagnosis, causes, frequency, and age of onset of these tumors are briefly discussed. PMID- 1124144 TI - [Clinical experiences with monocomponent insulins]. AB - The immunogenicity of conventional therapeutical insulin is discussed according to the concepts of Schlichtkrull: the formation of insulin antibodies is not attributable to the pure Sanger's insulin molecule, but to related protein impurities, present in all crystallized pig and ox insulin preparations. The terms of monocomponent insulin, highly purified insulin, and single peak insulin in defined and personal clinical results obtained with Novo Monocomponent Lente Insulin over a period of 3 years are presented. The Hein Christiansen's radioimmunoelectrophoretic method fo estimation of 125I-insulin IgG binding was used to determine insulin antibody levels. It was found that: 1) Newly detected insulin-dependent diabetics, never previously treated with insulin, do not produce insulin antibodies at a significant level; 2) Long-term insulin treated diabetics, transferred to monocomponent treatment, tend to reduce their antibody levels, if initially high, altough with transient recurrent peaks; 3) Stimulation of the immunocompetent system by intercurrent infection does not generally modify the immunological situation. Apart from immunological changes, satisfactory clinical results were observed in cases of high insulin requirement, insulin allergy, insulin lipoatrophy. Present practical indications for monocomponent insulin therapy (Actrapid-Lenta) are proposed. PMID- 1124145 TI - [Detection of anti-insulin antibodies in obese and diabetic children]. PMID- 1124146 TI - [Effects of propranolol on some metabolic changes induced with insulin]. AB - The effect of propranolol on certain insulin-induced metabolic changes in man. The effects of 0.2 mg/kg/body weight propranolol perfused in 10' on insulin induced (0.15 I.U./Kg i.v.)changes in blood glucose, pyruvate, lactic acid, phosphorus, and potassium levels were examined in 12 normal volunteers. The blood glucose curve was substantially unaffected. Insulin-induced increases in lactate and pyruvate were inhibited to a varying degree, namely 78% (61-93%) and 44% (0.94%) respectively. The fall in phosphorus was reduced in a more constant manner (mean 48; range 37-57%) in all subjects, while that of potassium was not altered. The data indicate that these insulin-induced changes are significantly, though variably, attributable to beta-adrenergic activity on the part of endogenous catecholamines released during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. PMID- 1124147 TI - [Insulin secretion in obese and diabetic children evaluated with venous perfusion of glucose and stimulation with glucagon. preliminary data]. PMID- 1124148 TI - [Trial treatment of diabetic retinopathy by inhibition of pituitary somatotropin secretion with MAP]. AB - The recent literature relating to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, with or without nephropaty, is critically reviewed. Particular attention is given to the Growth Hormone (GH) hypothesis. The various procedures of hypophysectomy are discussed, including the possible ways of suppressing growth hormone production or overproduction by drugs, and expecially by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP). Personal results obtained with long-term administration of MAP in deposit form on alternate days in 10 patients with advanced retinopathy are described. An icostant and rely significant suppression of the GH response to insulin-induced hypoglicemia was noted in 6 cases, showing that a complete pituitary inactivation had been achieved. Therefore, the modifications observed in the fundus picture (studied with retinal photographs according to the Hammersmith Hospital Standards) seem to have no relationship with such a condition. The features involved were Microaneurysms and Haemorrhages (HAEMS) and Exudates (EX);New Vessels (NV) and Retinitis Proliferans (RP) were unaffected. Subjective improvement is visual acuity appeared to be more frequent, with various possible explanations. MAP was without appreciable effect on the clinical and metabolic course of the diabetes, or on renal function in cases of concomitant nephropathy. In the light of these preliminary results, further investigations might seem to be justified. PMID- 1124149 TI - [Intestinal absorption of triolein and casein labeled with I-131 and oleic acid labeled with Br82 in patients with gastric resection]. PMID- 1124150 TI - [Chronic bronchopneumopathies in chest x-ray findings at the Centro di Medicina Preventiva e Sociale]. AB - Screening of secundary school children and the general opulation of the V. Monaldi Hospital Preventive and Social Medicine Centre,Naples showed a by no means negligible incidence of chronic bronchopneumopathy, particulary in infants. It is felt that, if untreated, these forms may be responsible for chronic respiratory insufficency in adulthood. Marker success in this respect has been obtained with anti-inflammatory and anti-bronchospastic substances, particularly a diethyl-aminoethoxyethylic ester of alpha-phenylbutyric acid. Preventive and social management is thus primarily directed at infants and the aged. PMID- 1124151 TI - [Clinico-prognostic significance of plasma cortisol half-life(after intravenous administration ) during acute and chronic hepatic diseases]. AB - Plasma cortisol half-times following an i.v. pharmacological dose were determined in subjects with variously serious forms of liver disease in a search for data indicating the course and prognosis. Determinations were made by means of the competitive protein binding technique. In the normal subject, values remain within the range 49 to 95 min. In acute and chronic liver disease, it was found that values in subsequent controls varied in function of the course. Cases with clinically cured acute hepatitis presented values within normal limits, while stationary or aggravescent forms were always accompanied by values of over 95'. It is suggested, therefore, that this test will give useful information concerning the course and prognosis of both acute and chronic liver disease. PMID- 1124152 TI - [Osteopecilia]. PMID- 1124153 TI - The small intestine in vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. PMID- 1124154 TI - Obesity, jejuno-ileal bypass and death. PMID- 1124155 TI - Sucrose, starch and hyperlipidemia. PMID- 1124156 TI - Problems in iron enrichment and fortification of foods. PMID- 1124157 TI - Copper toxicity, rats and Wilson's disease. PMID- 1124158 TI - Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on lipogenesis, appetite and body weight in rats. PMID- 1124159 TI - Hyperlipemia and iron deficiency. PMID- 1124160 TI - Hormonal regulation of formiminotransferase. PMID- 1124161 TI - Elevated xanthine oxidase in vitamin E deficiency. PMID- 1124162 TI - Hazards of overuse of vitamin D. PMID- 1124163 TI - Maternal assessment of fetal activity in small-for-dates infants. AB - Fifty consecutive obstetric cases have been analyzed in which there was a clear history of either vigorous or reduced fetal activity during the week preceding delivery resulting in the birth of an infant weighing 2.5 kg or less after the 37th week. Especially in such hypertensive pregnancies, a maternal history of reduced overall fetal activity is very suggestive of impending fetal death, while a history of vigorous fetal activity tends to denote that the fetus is in no immediate danger. A plea is made for a greater awareness of this econimical "test" of fetal well-being. It is suggested that in some circumstances both impaired fetal growth and reduced fetal activity may be teleologic adaptations to the threat of a negative energy balance. PMID- 1124164 TI - A new method of fetal heart rate monitoring. AB - A new method of continuous fetal heart rate monitoring, employing for cardiotachometry the fetal electrocardiogram obtained from electrodes placed on the maternal abdomen, was evaluated over a period of 26 months at the Lying-in Division of the Boston Hospital for Women. A total of 2460 hours of intrapartum monitoring were analyzed. This "noninvasive" method of fetal ECG-based monitoring was shown to be as accurate as the direct scalp electrode method and more reliable than indirect ultrasound. Useful fetal monitoring, from very early labor up to the time of delivery, was possible in 91% of 507 patients, using maternal skin electrodes alone. Beat-to-beat variability determinations, possibly of significance in evaluating fetoplacental function in the antepartum period, were precise and without the artifactuality of ultrasonic or phonocardiographic methods. PMID- 1124165 TI - Changes in total body composition during normal and diabetic pregnancy. Relation to oxygen consumption. AB - Serial changes in body composition during pregnancy have been measured in 5 normal and 2 diabetic women on controlled diets to compare with simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption (V-O2). Total body water (TBW) was measured by D2O dilution, total body fat (TBF) calculated as 100-%TBW/0.732 and body cell mass (BCM) derived from total body 40K count by Moore's formula, BCM equals K-e times 8.33. Two normal subjects in caloric equilibrium lost 1.2 kg TBF, gained 5.5 kg TBW and 4.1 kg BCM. Two obese subjects in negative caloric balance lost 4.7 kg TBF, gained 7.3 kg TBW and 4.3 kg BCM. One subject on ad lib diet gained 7.7 kg TBF, 0.6 kg TBW, and 2.6 kg BCM. She continued to gain fat postpartum. Two diabetic subjects gained fat up to 28 weeks, lost it thereafter, and showed no net gain in BCM. Basal V-O2 correlated with BCM, while 24-hour resting V-O2 related to total body weight. It is concluded that fat storage in human pregnancy depends on food intake, as in the nonpregnant. BCM accumulation is independent of food intake, except protein, and depends on normal physiologic adjustments of pregnancy, which are upset by insulin lack in diabetes. The extra basal energy needs of gestation are determined by BCM acquisition, not total body weight. PMID- 1124166 TI - Pregnancy complicated by heroin addiction. AB - During a 5-year time span, 118 addicted women gave birth to viable infants. These patients were subject to an increased incidence of complicating medical problems as well as many obstetric problems leading to maternal or fetal risk. The obstetrician should be aware of the possibility of addiction and its effects on pregnancy, and when possible, appropriate management should be initiated. Intensive care of the neonate must be begun as soon as possible. PMID- 1124167 TI - Progesterone in molar vesicle fluid and theca lutein cyst fluid. AB - Serum progesterone was estimated by a competitive protein-binding method in the peripheral venous blood in 12 cases of normal pregnancy at the time of delivery and in maternal venous blood, umbilical venoms, and umbilical arterial blood in another 5 cases. Progesterone concentration in the peripheral blood and in the serous fluid of molar vesicles was measured in 18 cases of hydatidiform mole. The theca lutein cyst fluid from 3 patients with hydatidiform mole was also assayed for progesterone. Umbilical cord venous blood and umbilical arterial blood showed a variable concentration of progesterone with a mean fetal-maternal progesterone ratio of 4.7 plus or minus 0.6 and a mean umbilical vein-artery progesterone ratio of 5.7 plus or minus 0.4. Serum progesterone concentration in hydatidiform mole was from 25.0 to 263.2 ng/ml with a mean plus or minus standard error of 101.7 plus or minus 15.2 ng/ml, while the corresponding mole vesicle fluid progesterone concentration ranged from 260.5 to 1842.0 ng/ml with a mean plus or minus SE of 770.9 plus or minus 87.4 ng/ml. The ratio of progesterone in vesicle fluid and in the serum was 4.0 to 52.8 (mean, 7.6). Progesterone concentrations in the theca lutein cyst fluid from 3 patients with hydatidiform mole were 25,428 ng/ml; 7,635 ng/ml; and 4,686 ng/ml. The high fetal-maternal progesterone ratio and umbilical vein-artery progesterone ratio reflect preferential progesterone transfer to the fetus and utilization by the latter. The finding in hydatidiform mole is due to the absence of the fetus and indicates that the molar trophoblast produced progesterone in significant amounts and that theca lutein cysts have a very high but variable concentration of progesterone in their fluid. PMID- 1124168 TI - Prehysterectomy curettage. AB - The efficacy of prehysterectomy curettage in ruling out an endometrial cancer was evaluated in three ways. First, by an evaluation of the extent of routine prehysterectomy curettage; second, by the assessment of the clinicians' ability to recognize endometrial cancer on the basis of curettings; and third, by evaluating the presence of a gross endometrial lesion in those uteri removed without a preoperative diagnosis of an endometrial malignancy. It was concluded that the examination of the opened excised uterus was more valuable than prehysterectomy curettage for the operative diagnosis of an endometrial malignancy. PMID- 1124169 TI - Repeat ectopic pregnancy: a 16-year clinical survey. AB - This study includes 347 cases of ectopic pregnancy. A comparison was made between patients having one ectopic pregnancy, those having a repeat ectopic pregnancy, and those whose first pregnancy was an ectopic one. Emphasis was placed on obstetric history and the reproductive future of these patients. Obstetric performance was poor for all groups of patients studied. In the patient whose first pregnancy was ectopic, total reproductive performance was complicated by an increased risk of a repeat ectopic pregnancy. The incidence of repeat ectopic pregnancy was 11.2%. The average interval between ectopic pregnancies was 2.83 years; 80% of the repeat pregnancies occurred within 4 years of the first ectopic episode. Obstetric outcome was likely to be poor after the second ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 1124170 TI - Recent advances in the cytogenetic study of human spontaneous abortions. AB - A cytogenetic study of 27 spontaneous abortions was carried out using the Q banding technic. The specimens were selected for study in order to increase the likelihood of finding a chromosome anomaly. Sixteen of 27 specimens (59%) showed a chromosome abnormality. Trisomy was found in 9 of the specimens, and the chromosomes involved were Nos. 2, 8, 14, 16, and 22. There were 5 triploids and 2 tetraploids. Using marker chromosomes, it was found that the extra haploid set was paternally derived in two of the triploids which were favorable for study. The Q-banding technic provides accurate identification of the extra chromosomes in trisomy. When favorable markers are present in the parents, the source of the extra haploid set can be identified in triploid abortuses. PMID- 1124171 TI - Malignant teratoma of the uterine tube. AB - A primary malignant teratoma of the uterine tube, encountered in a 22-year-old female, is described. Forty-four cases of benign "teratomas" of the oviduct have previously been reported. This appears to be the first reported malignant teratoma of the uterine tube. PMID- 1124172 TI - Effects of electrical stimulation on human ovarian contractility. AB - Electrical stimulation was applied to the follicular walls, capsules of corpora lutea, and pieces of atrophic ovaries obtained from 29 human ovaries. The quantitative analysis of contractile capacity in these ovarian strips was performed on the basis of stimulation-response relationships. Only with follicular walls and capsules of corpora lutea was the step linear dose-response relationship similar to that shown by the uterine rube obtained by alternating current stimulation. The basal portions of mature follicular walls showed much more distinct responses to AC-stimulation than the apical portions. This difference further indicates a possible role of contractions by basal follicular walls in the process of follicular rupture at the apex in the human ovulation. The contractile elements of these ovarian strips were electronmicroscopically investigated with the strips which had shown contractions and confirmed to be smooth muscle cells in the ovary. PMID- 1124173 TI - Amebic abscess of the liver and spleen in pregnancy and the puerperium. AB - Two patients who developed hepatic and splenic amebic abscesses during pregnancy are reported. The frequency of incorrect diagnosis in patients with these conditions is stressed. Factors that influence the course and outcome of amebiasis in pregnancy are discussed. PMID- 1124174 TI - Rapid hCG-specific radioimmunoassay for menstrual aspiration. AB - Fifty-one women with missed periods ranging from 5 to 14 days who suspected a pregnancy underwent an aspiration curettage with a flexible soft-tipped cannula attached to a Karman-type syringe. Sera from these women were measured for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by a rapid 2-hour solid phase radioimmunoassay using an antibody with a specificity for the beta subunit of hCG. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay insured detection of bCG with 100% accuracy at the time of the missed period. Of the 51 women, 33 (64.7%) were found to have hCG in their serum, and 29 (56.8%) had histologic evidence diagnostic of pregnancy. PMID- 1124175 TI - Randomized comparative study of the copper T 300, Dalkon shield, and Shell Loop in parous women. AB - A randomized comparative study of the Copper T 300, the standard Dalkon Shield and the Silicone Shell Loop D was conducted on 776 parous women. Net cumulative first event rates at 1 year and at 18 months, calculated by life-table analysis, were as follows: Copper T 300--pregnancy 1.2/1.9, expulsion 6.4/7.0, removal for pain or bleeding 7.4/10.8; Dalkon Shield--pregnancy 2.7/4.5, expulsion 5.8/5.8, removal for pain or bleeding 7.7/14.7; Shell Loop--pregnancy 3.8/4.9, expulsion 0.5/0.5, removal for pain or bleeding 9.1/13.1. None of the differences in event rates, except the lower expulsion rate of the Shell Loop, were significant. The continuation rates for the three devices at both 12 and 18 months were similar, indicating that there was little difference in their performance. As the results of this study showed a similarity of the incidence of events among very differently disigned IUD's, previously reported differences in performance of these and possibly other types of IUD's may very likely be more related to differences among clinics than to differences among the devices themselves. PMID- 1124176 TI - Prophylactic use of tetracycline for first trimester abortions. AB - Because the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic therapy has yet to be established and because numerous variables often hamper studies of such therapy, the results of prophylactic antibiotic therapy were studied in a homogeneous gynecologic population. The patients were 4000 women undergoing first trimester abortions. The surgical procedure, the gynecologists' skill, and the hospital environment were relatively uniform, as was the patient age range. Two groups of 1000 patients each received tetracycline; the other 2000 patients served as controls. The complications associated with abortion were then analyzed in those receiving tetracycline and in the 2000 controls. Complications were less frequent among patients receiving tetracycline. This finding supports the argument of those who favor the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the management of various high-risk surgical problems. PMID- 1124177 TI - Prolonged end stage fetal heart rate deceleration. AB - With the use of routine monitoring of all patients in labor, a number of confusing, seemingly ominous fetal heart rate tracings in otherwise normal, healthy patients have been observed. This report described one such type of pattern called prolonged end stage deceleration. PMID- 1124178 TI - Cerebral metastatic choriocarcinoma: a postpartum cause of "stroke". AB - This case presentation is that of a 23-year-old woman who developed a "stroke" shortly after delivering a normal full-term infant. Evacuation of an intracerebral hematoma was required and an underlying nidus of choriocarcinoma was discovered. The patient responded dramatically to chemotherapy and irradiation. Because this metastatic tumor is potentially curable, we emphasize the importance of considering this diagnosis in young women who present with "stroke" symptoms, and we outline the appropriate laboratory and radiographic investigations. PMID- 1124179 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst complicating pregnancy. AB - A case of successful conservative surgical and obstetric management of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst in a pregnant Pima Indian is presented. In addition, the correlated studies of maternal serum and amniotic fluid amylase values and their relation to fetal maturity are discussed. PMID- 1124180 TI - Quintuplet pregnancy. AB - A quintuplet gestation after ovulation induction with clomiphene and HCG is described. This is the first quintuplet birth reported in Israel. The pregnancy was associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, toxemia of pregnancy, and pruritus gravidarum. Diagnosis and management of these cases pose a special problem for the obstetrician and neonatologist. The problem of multiple pregnancies and their control in the treatment of infertility with ovulation inducing drugs is discussed. PMID- 1124181 TI - Pregnancy and childbirth in a true hermaphrodite. AB - A rare case of pregnancy and parturition in a true hermaphrodite is reported. This patient, who was 25 years of age when first seen, had an ovotestis on the left and an ovary on the right gonad, with a karyotype of 46,XX. Following removal of the left ovotestis and surgical correction of the external genitalia, she married at the age of 31 and subsequently delivered a normal male child, karyotype 45,XY, by cesarean section. PMID- 1124182 TI - Letter: Acupuncture. PMID- 1124183 TI - Letter: Hyperthecosis. PMID- 1124184 TI - Letter: Games. PMID- 1124185 TI - Letter: Missing strings. PMID- 1124186 TI - Letter: Berry aneurysms. PMID- 1124188 TI - Urologic screening at Seiberling Grade School in Akron, Ohio. A pilot study. PMID- 1124187 TI - Severe ankle injuries while wearing elevated "platform" shoes. PMID- 1124189 TI - Choriocarcinoma of the placenta. By the OSMA Committee on Maternal Health. PMID- 1124190 TI - APhA-ASIM statement on . . . prescription writing and prescription labeling. PMID- 1124191 TI - Medline do you know? PMID- 1124193 TI - Problems in the in vitro methods of phagocytosis. PMID- 1124192 TI - Visual acuity, visual field and physical ability. PMID- 1124194 TI - Static perimetry. PMID- 1124195 TI - Automatic information processing in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 1124196 TI - Mesoptometry. PMID- 1124197 TI - Fundus television in the study of fixation disturbances. PMID- 1124198 TI - The technical background of fundus television. PMID- 1124200 TI - Mucocele. PMID- 1124199 TI - Exophthalmos. PMID- 1124201 TI - Special indications for the artificial lens. PMID- 1124202 TI - Reticular structures in the ocular fundus. PMID- 1124203 TI - Results of the treatment of experimental herpes keratitis with poly I:C. PMID- 1124204 TI - Intraocular cysticercus. PMID- 1124205 TI - Severe myopia after pilocarpine in combination with phenylephrine eye drops. PMID- 1124206 TI - The lipid composition of aging sclera and cornea. PMID- 1124207 TI - Ocular anomalies in the types of fredrickson. PMID- 1124208 TI - Unilateral hyperlucent lung with decreased vascular markings (Swyer-James syndrome). AB - When diagnosing unilateral hyperlucency on a X-ray picture one of the possible underlying conditions is the Swyer-James Syndrome. It consists principally of hyperlucency, diminished size, deficient blood supply, decreased ventilation, and bronchiectasis of the affected lung. Frequently a preceding pneumonia, caused by adenovirus, seems to be of aetiological importance. A yound patient, in whom the Swyer-James Syndrome was diagnosed on clinical, radiological, angiographical and ventilatory symptoms, suffered from pneumonia shortly before. This pneumonia was probably caused by adenovirus type 7, as appears from this virus being isolated from the faeces at that time. Treatment of this condition consists of antibiotics, mucolytics, bronch-spasmolytis, and physiotherapy. Surgery is rarely indicated. PMID- 1124209 TI - [Poisoning through quaternary ammonium compounds]. PMID- 1124210 TI - [Empirical Analysis of the Behaviour of the Nursing Staff of a Children's Hospital (author's transl)]. AB - Using the method of systematic behavioural observation, an empirical analysis of the behaviour of the nursing staff was carried out. Nine observational categories of behavioural forms were elaborated. These were: administrative work; nursing; strength of contact in relation to nursing duties, i. e. contact of a positive or negative nature; spontaneous contact of a positive or negative nature; supervision; leisure; and absence f ;rom the ward. These points were evaluated for 12 nurses over a three-month period of observation. It was demonstrated that administrative and ward work constituted the greater part of the activities studied, contact on the other hand being only seldom observed. As a control on the external observation a questionnaire was elaborated to obtain the subjective value of the various work operations. The personal evaluations confirmed the observed findings: contact with the child ranked last in all questions.However, positive contact occurred more frequently than did negative contact. Considerable variation in the evaluation of the individual nurses was observed, which could be partly explained in the categories "administrative work" and "child-oriented activities" by the relative status of the nurses. The data can be interpreted as demonstrating that the nursing staff is overburdened with administrative work. They are also the result of an unsufficiently child-oriented attitude, which requires modification through explanation of the psychological significance of this aspect. PMID- 1124211 TI - [Disturbance of the Histidine Reabsorption of the Renal Tubes in Patient with Cystine Lysinuria in Conjunction with Severe Cerebral Damage (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 12-year-old boy with cystine lysinuria is reported. Unusual in this case was the combination of severe mental retardation, cerebral attacks and temporary Parkinson-like neurological symptoms. Biochemically, a disturbance of the histidine reabsorption of the renal tubes was also apparent. Further examination that the renal amino acid reabsorption could not be influenced by treatment with tryptophan. The possible biochemical relationships are discussed. PMID- 1124212 TI - [Congenital abnormalities of the foot (author's transl)]. AB - As with cases of hip-joint dysplasia, the sooner treatment of congenital abnormalities of the foot (hook feet, flat feet, sickle feet, club feet) is begun the better. In most cases the initial impulse will come from the doctor who has treated the child in the first days of life, i.e. the obstetrician or paediatrician. The paper recalls diagnostic criteria, in particular in distinguishing between slight cases and harmless temporary malpositions and describes the therapeutic possibilities. In case of contractions manual correction is usually sufficient, naturally under strict abservation and control, but whenever there is any restriction of the limit of movement in the contrary direction orthopaedic measures (correction and intermediate cast) will be necessary. Treatment, especially of club-footedness, demands considerable skill and patience both from the doctor and from the parents, the latter being ofter the greater problem. The necessity of long periods of treatment and even longer periods of observation cannot be sufficiently emphasized or repeated too often. Paediatricians can be of decisive influence because of their much more intensive cantact with the family. PMID- 1124213 TI - [Hypothyroidism : diagnostic error and sequenlae. Report of a case]. AB - Case report of an 8 year old, untreated, hypothyroid boy from the size and weight of a baby. The delayed maturation of the skeleton caused by the severly retarded metabolism is demonstrated. Typical X-ray signs of the untreated hypothyroid skeleton, sclerosis of the base of the skull and the significant deformity of the anterior portion of the second lumbar body (Swoboda sign) are discussed. The severe retardation of brain development can be demonstrated by the slow and low voltage EEG. PMID- 1124214 TI - [A new method of treating obesity in children--experience from two therapy camps (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on a new method of treating obesity in children. In the summer of 1973 two "therapy camps" were held by the Vienna Univeristy Children's Clinic in co-operation with the Salzburg section of the Osterreichisches Jugendferienwerk (Holidays for Young People) in a particularly beautiful area of the Austrian countryside. For the duration of the camps the children were served with a diet containing very little easily digestible carbohydrate (simple sugar) but unlimited calories, and at the same time given physical training and encouraged to spontaneous activity. In addition to a satisfactory loss of weight, the children's habits were considerably altered. The changes in attitude necessary to maintaining the diet and the required level of physical activity were retained in a high percentage of cases over the six months' follow-up period of observation. Medically the therapy camps correspond approximately to stationary hospitalized reducing therapy but have the advantages of being more attractive to the child and considerably preferable for physiological and paedagogical reasons since they offer an effective means of providing the child with a better motivation for achieving a normal weight. In addition, therapy camps are much more economic and can be held on a much broader baiss without blocking hospital beds that are needed for other cases. For these reasons the above-mentioned groups intent to hold therapy camps throughout the next years. PMID- 1124215 TI - [Cloudiness in the left pleural sinus]. PMID- 1124216 TI - Alterations in blood coagulation with trauma. PMID- 1124217 TI - Child abuse and neglect. A priority problem for the private physician. AB - Child abuse and neglect is a complex, multi-dimensional entity that should be clearly understood by any physician (pediatrician, surgeon, etc.) who is consistently functioning as a primary care physician. We have many of the tools and enough understanding to significantly ameliorate this preventable tragedy. PMID- 1124218 TI - Major thoracic trauma in children. PMID- 1124219 TI - Trauma of the spleen and liver in children. PMID- 1124220 TI - Pancreatic and gastrointestinal trauma in children. AB - Injuries to the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract following blunt abdominal trauma continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric age group. Optimal treatment of these injuries is frequently hampered by considerable delays in diagnosis. Factors contributing to these delays include the location of much of the duodenum and the pancreas in the retroperitoneum resulting in an absence of initial symptoms and signs, the often trivial nature of some of the responsible blunt traumatic accidents, inappropriate child-parent or child-physician communication, failure to achieve a meaningful physical examination in uncooperative or unconscious patients, and false negative paracentesis. Eighty per cent of these injuries occurred in boys. Eleven of 16 patients with pancreatic trauma had pseudocysts. A persistently elevated serum amylase level was invariably noted and epigastric mass was palpable in eight patients. Significant delays in diagnosis were prevalent and pseudocysts was misdiagnosed as appendicitis in three cases. Internal drainage by cystgastrostomy or cystjejunostomy was effective operative treatment. In instances of acute pancreatic injuries, sump drains, gastrostomy, cholecystostomy, and total parenteral hyperalimentation were useful therapeutic adjuncts. There was one death for a 6.2 per cent mortality rate. Forty patients had gastrointestinal injuries involving the duodenum in 17, jejunum in 14, ileum in seven, and stomach in two. Perforations occured in 65 per cent of cases, obstructing hematomas in 30 per cent, and mesenteric avulsions in 5 per cent. Associated injuries were observed in 15 patients (37.5 per cent). Pain and tenderness were the only consistent findings. Upper gastrointestinal contrast studies were diagnostic of duodenal hematomas. Eighty per cent of perforations were managed by simple closures and 20 per cent by resection and anastomosis. Obstructing hematomas unassociated with other injuries may be expected to resolve without requiring operation in 50 per cent of patients managed conservatively. Complications occurred in 35 per cent of patients and the mortality rate was 12.5 per cent (five deaths). PMID- 1124221 TI - Renal injuries. AB - Renal injuries due to nonpenetrating trauma are common in children. Pre-existing renal abnormalities are found in 10 per cent of children who sustain kidney injuries. Associated injuries are found in approximately 40 per cent of childhood cases. The most common serious injuries are those to the brain and the spleen. A renal injury should be suspected in every child with flank tenderness and red blood cells in the urine. If the child is unconscious, gross or microscopic hematuria may be the only clue. The amount of blood in the urine does not correlate with the severity of the injury. Plain roentgenograms and an infusion pyelogram using 2 ml of 25 per cent Hypaque per pound of body weight should be obtained as soon after injury as possible. Bilateral visualization of contrast material implies intact renal vessels. Reduction of the amount of contrast seen on the injured side with compression of the collecting system and without extravasation is characteristic of renal contusion. Evidence of a coexistent flank mass implies disruption of the renal capsule. These injuries heal without either operation or prolonged bed rest. Extravasation of contrast material beyond the renal capsule signifies disruption of the collecting system, the parenchyma, and the renal capsule. Early elective debridement, repair, and drainage results in salvage of a useful kidney in about 90 per cent of cases. Nephrectomy is seldom necessary. Failure to demonstrate any contrast material on the injured side is an indication for immediate further study by renal scanning, retrograde pyelography, or aortography. If recognized and treated promptly, some kidneys deprived of blood supply by gradual arterial occlusion secondary to an intimal tear may be salvaged, whereas delay invariably results in death of the devascularized kidney. PMID- 1124222 TI - Ureteral and bladder injuries in children. PMID- 1124223 TI - Evaluation and treatment of the burned child. PMID- 1124224 TI - Trauma of the central nervous system in children. AB - In summary, the care of the patient with head trauma is not dissimilar to any other acutely ill individuals. Careful, systematic observation and recording of changing factors and physical signs is necessary. Proper application and appropriate treatment in response to dynamic changes will provide a satisfactory result as in any other form of illness or trauma. The patient with multiple injuries may call for compromise in treatment, however with the exception of gross hemorrhage, the head injury should take precedence in the early period following injury for there are other factors that may prove fatal. Do not accept unnecessary delay in the treatment of other injuries on the grounds that the patient has had a head injury. The orthopedic surgeon can treat the fractured femur, the plastic surgeon-the face, and the general surgeon-the abdomen, without jeopardizing brain recovery. The treatment of the patient with head trauma, as treatment of any other individual in present day medical practice, has become more of a team effort, not only involving the neurosurgeon, but the pediatrician, the specialist in pulmonary physiology, and other expert groups. PMID- 1124225 TI - Bone, nerve, and tendon injuries of the hand in children. PMID- 1124226 TI - Fractures in children. General consideration and treatment of open fractures. PMID- 1124227 TI - Supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Treatment and complications. PMID- 1124228 TI - Spinal injuries in children. AB - Spinal injuries with neurologic sequelae are a rare but catastrophic injury. Many of these injuries might be preventable through proper parent and child education, particularly in water sports and vehicles accidents. A significant number of neurologic injuries are incomplete at the time of injury and proper rescue and initial care may make the difference between life as a quadriplegic and life as a normal individual. Because of the complexity of the management of the child with spinal injuries and their relative rarity, the definitive care is best undertaken at hospitals which specialize in the care of spinal injuries. Progressive deformity of the spine, a problem unique to childhood and adolescent paralysis, is often preventable with prolonged immobilization and protection of the spine. Progressive deformities which interfere with function or result in neurologic deterioration require an aggressive surgical approach. PMID- 1124229 TI - Eye trauma in childhood. AB - In summary, the following program should be useful for the physician who encounters a child with a suspected eye injury: 1. Obtain a history. What was the child doing when he hurt his eye? 2. Examine the child by first inspecting the lids. Evert the lids with a cotton tipped applicator if necessary and if the globe is intact. Look at the canalicular area and decide whether the lacrimal drainage system is disrupted. Is a lid laceration deep enough to affect the levator? Could the orbital rim or any bony structures be involved? Should an x ray film for fracture or foreign body be obtained? Is the anterior segment of the globe intact? What is the condition of the conjunctiva and cornea? Should fluorescein stain be applied to the cornea in an attempt to determine the presence of corneal abrasion? Put proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5 per cent drops in the eye if it is too sensitive or photophobic to allow opening of the lids. Is there blood in the anterior chamber? Does the lens look opaque? Is the cornea lacerated, is the globe ruptured? Does the patient have double vision? Is the eye obviously displaced relative to the other eye? 3. Check visual acuity-! Visual acuity may be checked initially or after examination of the eye, but some recording of the visual acuity should always be made. An elegent chart is not necessary. The child may be asked to identify letters on a prescription pad or merely record the presence of light, count fingers, etc., whichever is nearest maximal visual potential. 4. A decision should be made with regard to further diagnostic techniques including the decision, should an ophthalmologist be consulted? 5. Treat minimal anterior segment or adnexal injuries with or without consultation with an ophthalmologist. 6. If the injury is extensive, resist the urge to do something immediately; merely patch the eye and put the child in the hands of an ophthalmologist. PMID- 1124230 TI - [Activity of lactic and butyric dehydrogenases in acute diarrhea syndromes and septicemia in children]. PMID- 1124231 TI - [Lactic and butyric dehydrogenase activity in celiac disease and lambliasis in children]. PMID- 1124232 TI - [Disseminated intravascular clotting in children in diseases of various etiology]. PMID- 1124233 TI - [Distribution of blood groups in newborn infants]. PMID- 1124234 TI - [Morphological composition of peripheral blood in the 1st days of life in newborn infants in Lower Silesia]. PMID- 1124235 TI - [Treatment of developmental ear anomalies]. PMID- 1124236 TI - [Therapeutic and rehabilitative requirements in special-care nursery schools for mentally retarded children]. PMID- 1124237 TI - [Anterior chest wall deformity in children with asthma]. PMID- 1124238 TI - [Case of pulmonary form of histiocytosis-X with an unusually violent course in a 4-year-old girl]. PMID- 1124239 TI - [Septic form of congenital toxoplasmosis in a newborn infant]. PMID- 1124240 TI - [Medical care in welfare institutions for mentally retarded small children]. PMID- 1124241 TI - Antacids and anticholinergics. Thoughts on how and when to use them. AB - The antacids and anticholinergics should be considered potent pharmacologic agents with potentially serious side effects. When the conditions constituting major contraindications to these forms of therapy have been considered and their presence has been ruled out, the antacids and anticholinergics are useful in managing the symptoms and course of disease due to the effects of acid and pepsin. Antacid given an hour or so after meals and at bedtime and anticholinergic given at bedtime to selected patients are especially useful in management of peptic ulcer disease. More or less extensive schedules may be indicated, depending on the severity of disease and symptoms. PMID- 1124242 TI - Editorial: a framework for problem-solving in clinical geriatrics. PMID- 1124243 TI - The geriatric patient's fears about death. PMID- 1124244 TI - Alveolar proteinosis: Management by lavage in a community hospital. PMID- 1124245 TI - Fusobacterium septicemia with otitis media and mastoiditis. PMID- 1124246 TI - Raised intracranial pressure. Diagnosis and management. AB - The complications resulting from increased intracranial pressure are serious and include visual impairment, compromise of venous and arterial circulation, and brain herniation. Thus, early diagnosis of increased pressure is essential. The presence of papilledema is important in making the diagnosis; however, important exceptions exist. Diagnostic lumbar puncture is not usually a recommended procedure. The choice of therapeutic agents depends mainly on the urgency of the clinical situation and the clinician's experience. The hypertonic osmotic diuretics rapidly reduce elevated intracranial pressure but, with the exception of glycerol, must be restricted to urgent situations because of complications associated with their use. PMID- 1124247 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. The nose: structure and function. AB - The structural relationships of the upper lateral cartilage and the septum form an important anatomic area called the liminal valve, one of three known paired valves of the nose. A small deformity in the region of the liminal valve may cause significant airway obstruction that usually can be relieved by surgery. Eighty percent of the population has alternating congestion and decongestion of the nasal turbinates, a phenomenon know as the nasal cycle. The exact function of this cycle is unknown, although it probably allows the two nasal chambers to act in unison and function as one nose. It is important to recognize the cycle as a normal phenomenon and to differentiate it from pathologic causes of nasal obstruction. PMID- 1124248 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. Problems of the septal areas. AB - The problems of the nasal septum can be best discussed by dividing the septum into five areas. Each area of the septum has common causes of nasal obstruction that are specifically pertinent. The principles of conservative septal pyramid surgery are also important considerations within each area. PMID- 1124249 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. Management of nasal injury. AB - Nasal injuries frequently occur and may result in immediate or delayed disturbances in both function and appearance. Early evaluation and management are beneficial in lessening the complications and disturbances in nasal function. A thorough intranasal examination is necessary to evaluate the injury, and examination may require local or general anesthesia to assess the injury properly. Specific management depends on the extent of injury. Minimal nasal injuries in children may result in a major disturbance of nasal function. PMID- 1124250 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. The patient has a lump in the neck. AB - When a patient presents with a hard, painless lump in the neck, one should assume that it is a cancer and that it is metastatic from a primary lesion located above the clavicle. A careful physical examination with the appropriate instruments most often will determine the site of the primary lesion. Laryngograms or lateral soft-tissue roentgenograms should not be used as a substitute for visual inspection and careful examination. Examination with the patient under anesthesia is not needed unless the office examination cannot be done or a specimen from the suspected region cannot be obtained and examined microscopically in the office. Taking blind biopsies from normal-appearing mucosa is seldom worthwhile. Excisional biopsy is usually done with the patient under general anesthesia; needle biopsy is seldom used. Pathologic diagnosis by examination of frozen section is mandatory. Definitive treatment depends on the surgical and pathologic findings. PMID- 1124251 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. Supraglottic. AB - Because supraglottic cancer usually is diagnosed late and metastasizes early, the cure rate is poorer than for glottic cancer. Supraglottic lesions can spread in any direction. The main method of diagnosis is either indirect or direct laryngoscopy, and the main symptoms are vague throat pain, otalgia, hemoptysis, hoarseness, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Roentgenographic examination is useful only as a supplement to other diagnostic measures. Staging of the disease is important in determining the most effective therapy and in predicting the results of treatment. Treatment should be individualized for each patient and should be selected on the basis of lesion size and site, the presence or absence of regional metastasis, the general health of the patient, and the likelihood of faithful follow-up. PMID- 1124252 TI - Obstetrics and gynecology: psychologic management of infertile women. AB - The psychologic difficulties associated with treatment of infertility can be minimized by limiting the length of treatment and refraining from suggesting a psychologic cause unless a specific one can be adduced. If treatment is unsuccessful, referral for supportive therapy may be indicated. PMID- 1124253 TI - Eye disorders: fluorescein angiography. AB - Fluorescein angiography of the ocular fundus has become a primary diagnostic tool in ophthalmology. It can be of great value in patients with visual loss without ophthalmoscopic abnormality. PMID- 1124254 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. Introduction. PMID- 1124255 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. The ear: structure and function. AB - Every component of the ear is vital for this system to accomplish its demanding role as the sensor of hearing and balance. In the ear, as elsewhere in the body, structure reflects function. PMID- 1124256 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. Common otologic symptoms. PMID- 1124257 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. Hearing aids and hearing loss. PMID- 1124258 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. The dizzy patient. AB - Dizziness or vertigo may be a perplexing situation to both the patient and the physician, The most important diagnostic factor is a careful history; a dizziness questionaire may be helpful. An otorhinolaryngologic and neurologic evaluation is necessary, and additional consultations may be in order, including vestibular testing and other laboratory studies, The etiology still may not be apparent, and the patient may need to be treated symptomatically and reevaluated periodically. PMID- 1124259 TI - Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat. AB - Foreign bodies of the ear should be removed by irrigation, suction, or forceps. General anesthesia may be necessary. Foreign bodies of the nose should be removed with suction or forceps, and sometimes intubation may be necessary. Most foreign bodies in the throat can be removed by use of a mirror and a long hemostat. PMID- 1124260 TI - Arabic emphatics: the evidence for cultural determinants of phonetic sex-typing. PMID- 1124261 TI - Discrimination learning of nasalized and non-nasalized vowels by five-, six-, and seven-year-old children. PMID- 1124263 TI - Air flow rate in the production of stops in Sindhi. PMID- 1124262 TI - Contributions of fundamental frequency and formant frequencies to speaker identification. PMID- 1124264 TI - Cinefluorographic study of selected allophones of English /1/. PMID- 1124265 TI - Phonetic expectation and transcription validity. PMID- 1124266 TI - Effects of cigarette smoking on learning and retention. AB - Verbal rote learning was studied on 10 habitual smokers in a smoking and non smoking session. Smoking induced a significant decrease in the number of correct responses on the learning task as compared to non-smoking values. The imparied learning coincided in time by an increased arousal as measured by heart rate. A test of recall 45 min after the end of the learning period, when the pre-smoking arousal level had been restored, showed that retention was better in the smoking condition than in the non-smoking condition. The results were interpreted in terms of Walker's theory (1958) postulating a relationship between arousal level and consolidation of memory. PMID- 1124267 TI - EEG correlates of impaired attention performance under secobarbital and chlorpromazine in the monkey. AB - The effects of secobarbital and chlropromazine upon behavior in a continuous, rapidly presented successive (go-no go) discrimination ("attention") task were evaluated in six Macaca mulatta monkeys. Simultaneous monitoring of EEG activity from epidural and subcortical electrodes permitted an evaluation of the nature of altered central nervous system events during erroneous performance (errors of omission) on this task. The computer-assisted analysis of pre-stimulus and post stimulus EEG frequency activity (baseline crossings) suggests that the best measure of attentive behavior from the pre-stimulus EEG is percentage of beta 2 (25-40 cps) activity. No difference could be observed between drugs or among cerebral placements in this regard. This was determined by comparing measures of EEG frequency, pooled for a given test period, with performance from the same test period. On a trail-by-trail basis. however, the beta 2 measure in the pre stimulus epoch failed to ditinguish correct responses from errors of omission. Separation between correct responses and errors of omission is possible if comparisons are made between the changes in percentage of beta 2 activity in the pre-stimulus vs. post-stimulus occurs with correct positive trials and the smallest change with correct negative trials. For secobarbital, no difference could be detected between correct and incorrect positive trials. For chlorpromazine, however, there was significantly less change in beta 2 for incorrect positive than for correct positive trials. The results were interpreted in terms of the hypothesis that secobarbital produces errors by depression of the general level of activation whereas chlorpromazine acts by reducing the sensory input which is necessary for correct discrimination performance. PMID- 1124268 TI - Acute tolerance to ethanol in the rat. AB - Male Wistar rats were examined on the moving belt test at approximately 10, 30 and 60 min after administration of ethanol in doses ranging from 1.0-2.8 g/kg. Immediately after the test, each animal was sacrificed and ethanol concentrations were measured. The regression line of impairment as a function of brain alcohol concentration showed a progressive shift toward higher brain levels with increasing time after alcohol administration. The results confirm the existence of acute tolerance to ethanol, as defined by reduced impairment of function for a given blood level on the falling versus the rising arm of the blood alcohol curve. Confusion of interpretation due to arterio-venous differences in alcohol concentration was ruled out by simultaneous measurements in arterial blood and brain. Practice effects were ruled out by testing each animal only once. PMID- 1124269 TI - The effects of mevinphos on appetitive operant behavior in the gerbil. AB - The need for study of the effects on performance of non-lethal organophosphate insecticide exposure is founded on many reports of behavioral difficulties in aerial applicators following exposure. In this study, a different pair of gerbils served in each of the following schedules of reinforcement: FR 25, FR 75, DRL 12 sec, DRL 20-sec, and VI 1-min. Baseline performance in these tasks tended to be comparable to that of more common laboratory species, but was more variable in the case of the VI 1-min task. Mevinphos doses of 0.20 mg/kg and above produced observable somatic signs of poisoning and also produced dose-related decrements in performance in FR and VI tasks. Performance in the DRL schedule was affected only at a dose of 0.30 mg/kg. No performance deficits or overt somatic signs of poisoning were present at mevinphos doses of 0.10 mg/kg or lower. These results do not agree with those of an earlier study which decrements in VI performance of pigeons and squirrel monkeys appeared at low mevinphos doses which did not produce overt somatic signs of poisoning. The possibility of variations in mevinphos effect as a function of species and task was discussed. PMID- 1124270 TI - Human circulating dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and epilepsy. AB - The activity of circulatory dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in humans is shown to be lower in some epileptic subjects than in normal subjects. The activity of the enzymes was found to be dramatically low in subjects who experienced an epileptic seizure 24 hrs before DBH activity was determined. The activity varied through the course of epileptic seizures induced by a convulsant drugs and these variations might be due to the "en masse" changes of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 1124271 TI - Editorial: Restraint ulceration as an experimental disease model. PMID- 1124272 TI - Psychogenic purpura in a man. AB - A 53-year-old man with chronic back and leg pain developed recurrent painful ecchymoses after lumbar laminectomy. No hematologic abnormality could be detected, but an ecchymosis developed after subcutaneous injection of his blood into the region of pain. A detailed study of the psychological setting of the illness and his personality revealed this to be an example of psychogenic purpura. This is the third report of the syndrome in a male. PMID- 1124273 TI - The use of psychological test data to predict open-heart surgery outcome: a prospective study. AB - In an attempt to predict survival of open-heart surgery, particularly among high risk subjects who undergo extra-corporeal circulation [ECG] using pump oxygenation perfusion, a preoperative battery including intellectual, personality and neuropsychological instruments and also ratings of cardiac impairment, was administered to 15 control [cardiac surgery without ECG] and 72 experimental [ECG] subjects. Subjects were divided into survivor [S] and fatality [F] groups, and preoperative test data were analyzed using multivariate stepwise discrimination techniques. In a variety of analyses, at least 86% and as high as 100% of subjects were correctly classified as survivors or fatalities on the basis of variables sampled, indicating the outcome of cardiac surgery may be predicted preoperatively with a high degree of accuracy. PMID- 1124274 TI - Models for cell survival with low LET radiation. PMID- 1124275 TI - Comparison of skin responses of mice after single or fractionated exposure to cyclotron-accelerated helium ions and 230 kv x-irradiation. PMID- 1124276 TI - Changes in the lipid fraction of eel gills after ionizing irradiation in vivo and a shift from fresh to sea water. PMID- 1124277 TI - Effect of photon (60Co) irradiation on rabbit choroidal mast cells. PMID- 1124278 TI - The effect of S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) on intestinal crypt survival. I. 4 MeV x-rays. PMID- 1124279 TI - Gamma radiolysis of branched chain hydrocarbons: 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and 2,2,5 trimethylhexane. PMID- 1124280 TI - The reaction of the hydrated electron with amino acids, peptides, and proteins in aqueous solution. I. Factors affecting the rate constants. PMID- 1124281 TI - The reaction of the hydrated electron with amino acids, peptides, and proteins in aqueous solution. II. Formation of radicals and electron transfer reactions. PMID- 1124282 TI - Total-body irradiation and human chromosomes. IV. Cytogenetic follow-up studies 8 and 10 1/2 years after total-body irradiation. PMID- 1124283 TI - Letter: Superovulation, compensatory ovulation, and unilateral inhibition of ovulation by selective ovarian x-irradiation of immature rats: possible modes of action. PMID- 1124284 TI - [The pathological findings of the hysterosalpingography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124285 TI - Radiological visualization of Gartner's duct cyst. AB - During hystero-salpingography a sharply outlined collection of contrast medium was observed near the cervical canal of the uterus and interpreted as filling of a Gartner's duct cyst, an observation that- to the best of our knowledge-has not yet been reported as a radiological finding. PMID- 1124286 TI - [Normal shapes, variations and malformations in hysterosalpingography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124287 TI - [Efficiency of complex angiography in gynaecological tumour recurrency(author's transl)]. PMID- 1124288 TI - Tarsoid and Gonoid malformations of upper limbs. AB - A bizarre and apparently hiherto unknown malformation complex mainly affecting the upper limbs was observed in a boy who underwent radiologic examination at 6 and 15 years of age. The most conspicuous abnormalities are represented by knee like elbows and carpal elements resembling tarsals, additionally there was also marked overgrowth of the tarsal bones. The combination of these virtually unique malformations might suggest the existence of some early morphogenetic factor responsible for differentiation of the lower limbs and capable create ectopic elements of the lower limbs by conversion of the homologous parts of the upper limbs. PMID- 1124289 TI - [Osteomas of the paranasal sinuses]. AB - Within a period of 16 months, 25 osteomas of the paranasal sinuses were observed. Symptomatology, sex and age distribution, localisation, size at the time of discovery, and rate of growth are reported. An individual radiological technique is indicated, especially concerning the localisation and origin of the paranasal osteomas. This is important in order to plan the course of treatment and the type of surgical procedure. PMID- 1124290 TI - [Malignant tumors of the phalanges]. AB - It is reported about two cases with squamous cell carcinoma originating from the nail bed. There are roentgenographic signs of expansive displacing lesions. In opposite there are signs of destructive lesions within the finger in metastatic bronchial carcinoma. A case of spina ventosa withe malignant degeneration and a case of rapidly growing melanosarcoma causing bone displacement are described also. PMID- 1124291 TI - [Fibro-Adeno-Lipoma of the BREAST]. AB - The Fibor-Adeno-Lipoma is a rarely seen benign lesion of the breast. The encapsulated tumor is smoothly outlined. The capsule can be well visualized by mammography. The lesion contains different amount of fibroglandular tissue. In that way the mammographic appearance is characteristic and diagnosis becomes easy. The authors discuss the clinical and radiological appearance of the Fibro Adeno-Lipoma on the basis of 7 cases. PMID- 1124292 TI - Infrared absorption spectroscopy of normal and substituted long-chain fatty acids and esters in the solid state. PMID- 1124293 TI - [Limitations and possibilities of child analysis]. PMID- 1124294 TI - [Development of the working alliance in the analysis of an adolescent]. PMID- 1124295 TI - [Renal histology in patients with scleroderma, normal pressure and normal renal function]. PMID- 1124296 TI - [Changes of hemostasis in liver diseases. I. Value of biological tests in the diagnosis of those diseases]. PMID- 1124297 TI - [Endemic goiter in the province of Salamanca. I. Geographic distribution and degree of incidence]. PMID- 1124298 TI - [Cardiac manifestations of dystrophia myotonica]. PMID- 1124299 TI - [Usefulness of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of large intestine diseases (analysis of 162 explorations)]. PMID- 1124300 TI - [Esophageal stenosis caused by scleroderma (report of a case treated surgically)]. PMID- 1124301 TI - [CRST syndrome and chronic agressive hepatitis AB-Ag negative]. PMID- 1124302 TI - [Editorial: The unresolved problem of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1124303 TI - [Changes of the pulmonary branches in tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 1124304 TI - [Electrocardiographic findings in 505 cases of essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1124305 TI - [Evaluation of coronary intensive care units]. PMID- 1124306 TI - [Myocardiopathy associated with dystrophia myotonica]. PMID- 1124307 TI - [Levocardia]. PMID- 1124308 TI - [Heart surgery in the 1st year of life: 477 operated cases]. PMID- 1124309 TI - [Diagnosis of complete transposition of the great arteries from the viewpoint of its surgical correction]. PMID- 1124310 TI - [Diazepam as an amnesic analgesic in electrocardioversion]. PMID- 1124311 TI - [Interruption of the aortic arch: a C-type case with ductus arteriosus and descending aorta to the right]. PMID- 1124312 TI - Irreversible binding of carbon tetrachloride to microsomal phospholipids. Free radical nature of the reactive specie and alterations in the physico-chemical properties of the target fatty acids. AB - Thin layer and gas liquid chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters derived from liver microsomal phosphatidylcholine from animals treated with 14CC1-4 revealed a very similar composition to that observed during the analysis of the reaction products arised by the in vitro benzoyl peroxide initiated CC1-4 chemical addition to double bonds of fatty acid methyl esters or to fatty acids in phospholipids later transformed to methyl esters. The well known CC1-3 free radical nature of this in vitro chemical reaction gives support to the possibility for a CC1-3 free radical formation in vivo. PMID- 1124313 TI - Structure-activity relationships for antimicrobial cephalosporins. AB - The antimicrobial activity of a series of 7-mandelamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids was studied using the Free-Wilson method. Electron-withdrawing and lipophilic properties of the substituents are shown to play an important role in the activity. PMID- 1124314 TI - Rapid photolysis of cholesterol. AB - Studies of cholesterol photolysis demonstrated that over 50% of this sterol was converted to more polar photoproducts after 10 minutes exposure to broad spectrum radiation from a mercury arc lamp. Light of 254 and 265 nm wavelengths was most effective in alteration of the sterol. The major polar photoproducts formed were tentatively identified. PMID- 1124315 TI - Cholesterol balance in atherosclerosis-susceptible atherosclerosis-resistant pigeons. AB - On cholesterol-free diets, the total fecal steroid excretion was significantly lower in atherosclerosis-susceptible Whit Carneau pigeons than in atherosclerosis resistant Show Racer pigeons, with major differences in the neutral sterol fraction. PMID- 1124316 TI - Nonspecificity in the divalent cation antagonism of dihydrostreptomycin action on Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - A divalent cation-dependent antagonism of dihydrostreptomycin action on Mycobacterium smegmatis was demonstrated. However, the nutritionally nonessential cations Sr++ and Ba++ inhibited drug action as effectively as the essential ions Mg++ and Ca++, indicating a high degree of nonspecificity. PMID- 1124317 TI - Digoxin concentrations in serum and saliva. AB - Serum and mixed saliva concentrations of digoxin were measured in 34 hospitalized patients. The mean saliva:serum concentration ratio of digoxin was 1.14 (plus or minus 0.48). Of 20 patients with saliva digoxin concentrations in the range of 0.7 to 1.5 ng/ml, 18 patients had serum concentrations which were within the same range. Saliva offers a convenient and noninvasive means of monitoring the digoxin status of patients. PMID- 1124318 TI - Thromboembolic complications of oral contraceptive therapy. AB - During a ten-year period, 348 women were studied for a total of 5877 patient months for changes in hematologic parameters induced by oral contraceptives. Significant increases were observed in Factors I, II, VII, VIII, IX, X and plasminogen. Severe complications developed in four patients. All four had an abnormal blood coagulation profile, suggesting "hypercoagulability" before initiation of therapy. All four patients were of A or AB blood group. It appears from these data that hematologic workups may be useful in women who are about to embark on long-term oral contraceptive therapy. PMID- 1124319 TI - Quantitation of continine in sera of smokers. AB - Sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays were used to determine the levels of cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine catabolism, in the sera of 22 typical smokers and of two individuals who smoked cigarettes of known nicotine content under controlled conditions. In samples from the random population, cotinine was detected in concentrations ranging up to 600 ng/ml. There was poor correlation between cotinine levels and the nicotine contained in the cigarettes smoked daily by the individuals. Whether this reflects differences in smoking habits, genetic factors, and/or represents the results of enzyme induction or adaptation is unknown at present. However, since nicotine has a short plasma half-life, it may be advantageous to assay for the longer lived and more abundant metabolite in studies designed to relate the effects of smoking to health. The radioimmunoassay method for cotinine is practical for epidemiological studies and offers distinct advantages over available chromatographic techniques. PMID- 1124320 TI - Thyroid hormone control of serotonin in developing rat brain. AB - The influence of thyroid hormone on serotonin was studied in different regions of the rat brain. Surgical thyroidectomy of adult male rats led to significant increases in the level of serotonin in the hypothalamus but had no effect on this biogenic amine in the brain stem and basal ganglia. Experimental cretinism, induced by daily propylthiouracil treatment starting at birth, caused increased serotonin levels in all brain regions studied. In contrast. neonatal hyperthyroidism, produced by daily administration of L-triiodothyronine from birth, had no effect on the ontogenic patterns of serotonin. The turnover of serotonin, estimated by determining the rate of increase of the amine following administration of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline, was decreased in the brains of 30-day-old cretinous rats when compared to their control littermates. The data suggest that thyroid hormone may exert an important regulatory influence on serotonin metabolism in the developing brain. PMID- 1124321 TI - DNA breaks in P288 tumor cells in mice after treatment with daunorubicin and adriamycin. AB - Extensive DNA damage was found in tumor cells after therapeutic doses of daunorubicin and adriamycin (2.5 - 10 mg/kg) were administered to mice bearing lymphocytic leukemia (P-288). After low doses (0.6 mg/kg), DNA breaks were evident as early as 1-3 hr after daunorubicin and as determined with adriamycin the damage lasted as long as 72 hr. In a comparison, actinomycin D produced smaller amounts of damage by 3 hr after the administration of maximally tolerated doses (0.8 mg/kg) and even less after 0.4 mg/kg. These experiments indicate that the antitumor activity of daunorubicin and adriamycin in treated mice may result from damage to the cellular DNA. PMID- 1124322 TI - Radiation modifying effects of meso-tetraphenyl porphyrins. AB - The radiation modifying effects of a series of the metal chelates of meso-tetra(p carboxyphenyl) porphine has been investigated using a human lymphoid cell line, RPMI 1788. These studies revealed that Ni and Zn porphyrins were effective radiation sensitizers at concentrations as low as 10-9M. Further studies with Zn porphyrin showed it to be almost equally effective when added immediately after irradiation and partially effective when added up to 90 minutes post irradiation, suggesting that it may be acting by interfering with a repair mechanism. PMID- 1124323 TI - High pressure liquid chromatography of cannabinoids as their fluorescent dansyl derivatives. AB - Four different cannabinoids were converted to their 1-dimethyl-aminonaphthalene-5 sulfonate (dansyl) derivatives. Standards mixtures were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography and detected with an experimental filter fluorometer with sub-nanogram sensitivity. The effect of solvent properties on fluorescence spectra and quantum yields was also studied. PMID- 1124324 TI - Carbon tetrachloride induced polysome breakdown. Relative importance of lipid peroxidation and of binding to ribosomal components in the process. AB - In vivo, CC1-4 causes an intense polysome breakdown; CHC1-3 effect is much less intense and CH2C1-2 effect is negligible. Previous administration of either diphenyl-p-phenyelnediamine or alpha-tocopherol to the rats does not prevent CC1 4-induced polysome breakdown. Promethazine and cystamine were able to prevent to a good extent the CC1-4 induced polysome breakdown process. 14CC1-4 irreversibly binds to ribosomal proteins but not to ribosomal RNA. Several hepatocarcinogens which are effective alkylating agents and cause in vivo polysome breakdown do not induce a lipid peroxidation process. PMID- 1124325 TI - Molluscicidal activity of Abbott's compound MC-688 on Biomphalaria snails. PMID- 1124326 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae: frequency of infection in various age groups among the populations of the City and the State of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 1124327 TI - [Tissular reactions in experimental infection of mice by Toxocara canis]. PMID- 1124328 TI - Growth of large single crystals of Ce2Zn3(No3) 12-24H2O(CZN). PMID- 1124329 TI - High pressure optical cell for biochemical studies. PMID- 1124330 TI - Variable frequency exposure system for small biological specimens. PMID- 1124331 TI - Direct NO2 photolysis rate monitor. PMID- 1124332 TI - Apparatus for local sensing of nitric oxide as a pollutant. PMID- 1124333 TI - Machine for rapidly counting and measuring the size of small nematodes. PMID- 1124334 TI - Cardiac assistance with an intraventricular balloon. PMID- 1124335 TI - The pathogenesis of liver failure after bypass for obesity. PMID- 1124336 TI - The etiology of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency in man. PMID- 1124337 TI - Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Cholestasis of Pregnancy with reference to the Serum Lipid Abnormalities. PMID- 1124338 TI - Effect of diazepam on unstimulated and on stimulated gastric secretion. AB - The effect of intravenous diazepam on unstimulated and on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion has been studied in normal subjects. No significant effect of diazapam was found on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion. Unstimulated secretion was reduced by diazepam. This action of diazepam may be useful in peptic ulcer therapy. PMID- 1124339 TI - Clostridium septicemia following biliary surgery in a gastrectomized patient. AB - A 75-year-old woman was subjected to biliary surgery 38 years after partial gastrectomy for ulcer. There was a history of gallstones of 10 years duration, pentagastrin-resistant achylia, cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis complicated by stenosis of papilla of vater, cholecystitis and pancreatitis. Peroperative cholangiography and biliary tract surgery were performed. On the third postoperative day heavy jaundice and hemolysis developed, leading to death of the patient. Culture of bile taken at operation revealed strains of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli. Autopsy showed a picture of gas gangraena of the liver and Clostridium septicemia. The role of achylia, blind loop, and biliary obstruction in bile surgery is stressed. PMID- 1124340 TI - Plasma concentration of lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in experimental bile duct obstruction. AB - Sequential quantitative determinations of lipoprotein-X (LP-X), measurements of plasma lipids, initial rate of cholesterol esterification, and liver function tests were performed after experimental cholestasis in 6 dogs. In 3 animals ligation and transsection of the common bile duct were combined with cholecystectomy. In 2 other dogs a similar operation, but without removal of the gallbladder, was carried out. In the bile-duct-obstructed and cholecystectomized dogs, LP-X appeared 11-21 hours after operation, and in dogs with preserved gallbladder 32 hours after operation. During the observation periods (6-41 days), the LP-X levels were much higher in the cholecystectomized dogs than in the ones with preserved gallbladders. In most of the bile-duct-obstructed dogs the curves of LP-X concentrations in plasma were bi-phasic. The first peak after 1 to 5 days was followed by a fall, and 10 to 14 days after operation another rise was observed. Concomitant with the changes in the level of LP-X, fluctuations in the levels of phospholipids and free cholesterol occurred. An inverse relationship between LP-X and the activity of lechithin: cholesterol acyltransferase was found. PMID- 1124341 TI - The motor-stimulating effect of metoclopramide and pyridostigemine bromide in normal man and laparotomized patients. A combined study of duodenal electric and motor activity. AB - The effect of metoclopramide on duodenal motility was compared to that of pyridostigmine bromide by means of stimulaneous recordings of electrical action potentials (spike potentials) and intraluminal pressure variations in 40 normal young volunteers and 8 patients after intraperitoneal operations. Quantitative calculations according to a previously described system showed a significant increase in activity in the normal material after both drugs. The increase was greatest after metoclopramide and appeared more rapidly. Compared with the normal individuals, patients in the postoperative phase showed a moderately decreased activity before drug administration. No significant increase in activity could be demonstrated after either of the drugs. PMID- 1124342 TI - Inhibition of gastrin-stimulated canine acid secretion by sham-feeding. AB - In dogs with a Heidenhain pouch and oesophageal and gastric fistulae, sham feeding inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated Heidenhain pouch acid output. When secretion was stimulated with a combination of pentagastrin and betanechol chloride, the inhibitory effect of sham feeding was less pronounced. Histamine stimulated secretion was not inhibited by sham feeding. The inhibitory effect was not affected by extragastric abdominal vagotomy but was reduced or abolished by truncal vagotomy. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that vagal activity releases a hormone which has an inhibitory action on gastric acid secretion. PMID- 1124343 TI - Extraperitoneal perforation of the rectum during barium enema. AB - During barium enema, barium pentrated the rectum to the perirectal extraperitoneal tissue in six patients. Four of these died, and the two survivors have permanent colostomies. The incidence of this rare complication may be further reduced if barium enema is postponed after instrumentation of the rectum, the enema can not lifted more than one meter, the balloon not distended too much, the tip of the balloon catheter made very short, and the personnel in the radiological department made aware of the complication. The complication is probably best treated by prompt diverting colostomy, drainage of perirectal tissue, and antibiotics. PMID- 1124344 TI - Effect of two methylated prostaglandin E2 analogs on gastroduodenal pressure in man. AB - The effect of two methylated analogs of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), namely 16, 16 dimethyl PGE2 and 15 (S)-15-methyl PGE2 methyl ester, on gastroduodenal motility has been studied in healthy male volunteers. Oral administration of 140 mug of the 16-alkylated analog produced a significant decrease in motor activity in both the gastric antrum and the duodenum. 80 mug had no detectable effect on pressure. However, 80 mug of the 15-methylated analog administered directly into the duodenum caused an almost immidiated inhibition of the duodenal motor activity. In view of previous findings on the inhibitory action of these two analogs on gastric acid secretion, it seems as if the gastrointestinal smooth muscles are less sensitive to the action of the analogs than are the oxyntic glands. PMID- 1124345 TI - Stimuli for heptadecapeptide gastrin release: a comparison of oral and intravenous arginiine-monochloride and oxo in normal, vagotomized and antrectomized patients. AB - Arginine, administered intravenously, was a more potent stimulus to gastrin release than oral Oxo-feeding, while oral arginine failed to elicit a response in normal subjects. Intravenous arginine stimulated a rise in serum gastrin only in normal subjects but not in antrectomized or vagotomized patients. The gastric antrum appears to be the major site of production of heptadecapeptide gastrin and 'mini' gastrin, as measured by the anti-serum used in our radio-immunoassay. PMID- 1124346 TI - Intragastric pressure/volume relationship in the normal human stomach. AB - Intragastric pressure/volume relationship was studied twice in 8 healthy volunteers. Basal pressure and rhythmic contractile activity in response to defined volume loads were recorded. Reproducibility and precision of the parameters were evaluated. It is concluded that recording of the intragastric pressure/volume relationship is a valuable method for the evaluation of gastric motility, and it is well suited for clinical application. It is harmless and easy to perfrom. The reproducibility of the method and the precision of the parameters used are satisfactory. PMID- 1124347 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption in patients with continent ileostomy. AB - Vitamin B12 absorption was studied in 34 patients, 10 months to 6 years after construction of a continent ileostomy. Normal Schilling test values (greater than 10 percent) were obtained in 21 of the cases after a single determination. Repeated tests showed a normal B12 absorption in 8 of the 13 patients who had revealed a Schilling test value below 10 percent at the first determination. In the remaining 5 patients, repeated Schilling tests showed borderline values (5-10 percent) in 4 cases and a low value (mean 4.5 percent) in one case. One of the patients with borderline values had previously undergone resection of 80 cm of the terminal ileum. When vitamin B12-intrinsic factor complex was instilled directly into the reservoir in 3 patients, it was found that the vitamin was absorbed by the mucous membrane of the reservoir. The construction of a continent ileostomy reservoir thus does not appear to expose the patient to an increased risk of developing vitamin B12 malabsorption. PMID- 1124348 TI - Mucosal morphology, bacteriology, and absorption in intra-abdominal ileostomy reservoir. AB - Six patients who had undergone proctocolectomy and been provided with intra abdominal ileostomy reservoirs were studied in intervals during the 24 postoperative months. The studies included the mucosal morphology, bacteriology, and the local absorption in the reservoir. The results showed that the mucous membrane of the terminal ileal segment used for construction of the reservoir underwent morphological changes characterized by an increased cell turnover and a shortening of the villi. These changes in morphological structure took place rather promptly after construction of the reservoir. No indications for a continuously progressing process could be found. The brushborder was intact and no cellular lesions were discovered. Soon after construction the reservoir was inhabited by a microbial flora which held an intermediate position between the flora of effluent from conventional ileostomies and normal faeces. The flora remained rather stable in the reservoir. In spite of the new microbial ecology and the morphological changes, the reservoir mucous membrane did retain absorptive capacity for D-xylose and phenylalanine. PMID- 1124349 TI - Effects of carbenoxolone sodium and of aspirin on gastric mucosal potential difference in normal subjects. AB - The fall in potential difference (p.d.) across the gastric mucosa induced by aspirin has been studied before and after administration of carbenoxolone sodium in normal subjects. The subjects received 300 mg of carbenoxolone sodium daily for 14 days. The mean percentage fall in p.d. measured 10 cm distal to the cardia was unchanged. PMID- 1124350 TI - Bone mineral after partial gastrectomy II. AB - The bone mineral content estimated by gamma ray attenuation method, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and protein was examined in three types of patients with peptic ulcer. The bone mineral content in ulcer patients before surgery did not differ from that of the control series. In patients subjected to 1/3 gastric resection and Billroth I reconstruction with or without selective vagotomy 3.3-8.5 years previously, and in patients subjected to 2/3 gastric resection with Billroth II reconstruction 15-18 years earlier, the mineral density of bone was found to be lower than in a control series of matched age and sex. The mineral loss developed sooner in women than in men. Low serum calcium values were met most often in patients examined 3.3 to 8.5 years after surgery. The serum alkaline phosphatase level increased after surgery. However, there was no difference in bone mineral density in patient groups with low calcium or high alkaline phosphatase, compared with patients with normal values. In conclusion, gastric resection of 1/3 or 2/3 of the stomach, with or without vagotomy, using gastroduodenostomy or gastroenterostomy as the reconstruction, results in a lowering of bone mineral density. This decrease, however, was not found to have caused symptoms injurious to the health of patients examined in this study. PMID- 1124351 TI - The trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen contents of the pancreas during acute experimental pancreatitis of the rat. AB - The trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen contents of the pancreas were examined during acute experimental pacreatitiis of the rat. The proenzymes were activated with enterokinase and the amounts of active proteases were estimated with BAPNA (N-alfa-benzoyl-DL-arginin-4-nitroanilid hydrochlorid, Fluka AG) and SUPHEPA (succinyl-L-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide, Schwarz/Mann, Division of Becton) as the substrates. The activation of chymotrypsinogen was more rapid than the activation of trypsinogen; maximal activation occurred in 3 hours. Under similar circumstances the activation of trypsinogen required 17 hours. Both trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen content decreased significantly during the inflammation. In 8 hours the decline of trypsinogen content was 28.4 percent and that of chymotrypsinogen content 44.9 percent from the proenzyme content of the normal resting rat pancreas. This indicates that proenzymes and/or active proteases are liberated during the course of pancreatitis. No correlation was found between the trypsinogen and the chymotrypsinogen content of the normal pancreas, but during pancreatitis the proenzyme contents correlated clearly. The correlation during inflammation possibly reflects the amount of the viable pancreatic tissue and the rate of synthesis. PMID- 1124352 TI - A histological study of gastric mucosa before and after proximal gastric vagotomy in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - In 29 patients with duodenal ulcer, suction biopsies were obtained from the body of the stomach within 2 weeks before and 3 and 12 months after proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV). Only those with a negative insulin test were included in the study. Three months after PGV basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion was reduced by 82 and 64 percent of preoperative values, respectively. Twelve months after the operation the corresponding figures were 63 and 56 percent. There was a similar acid reduction in patients with or without gastritis. The number of patients with atrophic gastritis increased from 3 before the operation to 11 3 months after PGV (p smaller than 0.01). There was no further increase from 3 to 12 months postoperatively. The average thickness of gastric mucosa and the mean number of parietal cells per unit area before PGV did not show any significant change 3 months and 1 year after the operation. There was a significant correlation between the number of parietal cells per unit area and maximal acid output before (p smaller than0.01) but not after PGV. Acid output per parietal cell was higher before PGV, suggesting that the decrease in gastric secretion after PGV cannot be attributed to the development of gastritis or reduction of parietal cell number. PMID- 1124353 TI - Serum gastrin response to food stimulation and gastric acid secretion in male patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - A test meal was given to 9 male controls and 9 male patients with duodenal ulcer. The serum gastrin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay, and gastric secretion of acid was determined before and after stimulation with 6 mug pentagastrin per kg body weight given subcutaneously. The pattern of gastrin response was found to be biphasic, with an early maximum of the first peak in the patients versus a monophasic response with a maximum in the second hour in the controls. Fasting serum gastrin levels were positively correlated to the basal acid outputs (BAO) in the patients but not in the controls. The mean quotient BAO/Fasting serum gastrin concentration was highest in the patient group, but the quotient of "maximal" acid output (MAO)-BAO/"integrated gastrin response" was equal in the two groups. PMID- 1124354 TI - Gastroscopy with directed biopsy and routine x-ray examination in the diagnosis of malignancies of the stomach. A retrospective study. AB - The examinations were performed in 418 patients with malignancy or an ulcer of the stomach. In all cases the Cancer Registry of Norway was asked for the final diagnosis and date of death. The diagnosis of malignancy was based on histology on operated or autopsy specimens, and the surviving cases were re-examined by answering a questionnaire. At the time of the primary examination a total of 103 cases of malignancies were found, of whom 41 were women. 84 patients had not been operated on previously. Among these 7 cases of early carcinoma were found. In 19 patients a partial gastrectomy had been performed. A false diagnosis of benign lesion was given on biopsy in 2 per cent, by gastroscopy in 8, and by X-ray examination in 31 per cent. A definite diagnosis of malignancy was made correctly by the same procedures in 95, 53 and 16 per cent, respectively. After 30 months of observation 16 cases of malignant lesions were reported among the patients (315) who had an ulcer of the stomach with benign histology on directed biopsy at the primary examination. A false benign diagnosis had been made in 33 per cent of 119 with malignancy by X-ray examination, in 10 per cent by gastroscopy, and in 15 per cent by histology on biopsy. The corresponding percentages in the total material of cases with benign and malignant lesions were 10.2, 2.9, and 4.3, respectively. In cases with previous partial gastrectomy, and in those with early cancers much higher rates of false negative diagnosis of malignancy has so far been suggested in 12 per cent of cases with benign ulcers, a gastroscopical diagnosis has been suggested in 22 per cent, and a bioptical in none. A combination of diagnostic procedures provided a correct diagnosis of malignancy in 118 out of 119 patients. PMID- 1124355 TI - The combined effect of pentagastrin and magnesium on gastric acid secretion in man. AB - The mechanism by which magnesium acts on gastric acid secretion is obscure. It has been demonstrated that magnesium inhibits basal as well as hypercalcemic induced acid secretion. It has furthermore been shown that magnesium does not interfere with gastrin release. It is not, however, known if magnesium acts as an antagonist to gastrin. To elucidate this the combined effect of pentagastrin (0.5 mug/kg-hr) and magnesium sulphate (0.4 meq Mg++/kg-hr) was studied in 10 healthy subjects. The secretory plateau obtained during pentagastrin infusion was unchanged during the combined infusion of pentagastrin and magnesium. This applies to volume secretion, acidity as well as acid output. PMID- 1124356 TI - A modified fecal excretion test for assaying intestinal absorption of 3H-folic acid. AB - A method for determination of the intestinal absorption of folic acid is described. It is based on the principle of double tracer technique in assay of fecal samples using gas proportional counting for 3H determinations. As the procedure is simple, reliable, and inexpensive, it is considered to be of value for laboratories without advanced equipment for radiochemical assay. PMID- 1124357 TI - The small intestinal disaccharidase activity in ulcerative colitis. AB - In 12 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis the small-intestinal disaccharidase activity has been determined during an acute exacerbation of the disease as well as after remission. The lactase activity was significantly lower during the acute stage. No case of transitoric lactose malabsorption was found. PMID- 1124358 TI - Survival of patients with untreated liver metastases from colorectal cancer. AB - In 105 patients with colorectal cancer, liver metastases were found at extirpation of the primary tumor. The spontaneous survival was a median of 10 months. The intraoperative clinical diagnosis of liver metastases was subsequently confirmed by autopsy in 77 patients, was uncertain in 26, and was proved wrong in two at subsequent celiotomy. The accumulative experience shows that the median survivals range from 6 to 12 months, which is considerably better than in unselected series of liver metastases. PMID- 1124359 TI - [Single-needle hemodialysis]. AB - In 10 patients on chronic dialysis a new hemodialysis technique, in which the extracorporeal and patient circulations are connected by controlled bloodflow reversal using a single cannula, has been compared with the conventional two needle method. For two control periods (two-needle dialysis) and an intermediate test period (one-needle dialysis) involving 12 hemodialyses in each case, clinical, biochemical and hematolgic values and extracorporeal hemodynamic findings were studied. During the one-needle dialysis period the incidence of dialyzer membrane ruptures or muscular cramps, body weight, blood pressure, neurologic status, serum electrolytes and uric acid, and hemolysis rates, remained unchanged. There was however a diminution of dialysis effectiveness due to a significant bloodflow reduction of 26 percent (p less than 0.001) and extracorporeal blood recirculation of 6-54 percent. Correspondingly, there was a slight rise in the pre- and post-dialysis values for serum creatinine and urea nitrogen (p less than 0.0125). The observed reduction in effectiveness with one needle dialysis can presumably be compensated by the use of systems with low recirculation and a correspondingly longer dialysis time. If these conditions are fulfilled, one-needle dialysis is a technically acceptable procedure which is comparatively easy to carry out and involves markedly less discomfort for the patient than the conventional two-needle method. PMID- 1124360 TI - [Factors of arterial and renal complications in diabetes]. AB - In a population of 744 diabetics composed mainly of elderly female patients, 172 developed hypertension after the onset of diabetes. Compared to normotensive diabetics, they had an increased prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (p less than 0.001), cerebral accidents, ischemic disorders of the lower limbs and a decreased glomerular filtration rate (p less than 0.05); they are frequently insulin dependent and difficult to manage. In 173 other indivuals the diabetes emerged several years after the hypertension. This group was characterized by relatively easily controlled blood sugar and increased prevalence of angina and myocardial infarction (p less than 0.001). The association of hypercholesteremia with hypertension increases the risk of coronary disease (p less than 0.02) and, to a lesser degree, of glomerular insufficiency. The prevalence of coronary symptoms increases with obesity (p less than 0.05) while retinopathy increases with insulin dependence (p less than 0.001). From this information it may be concluded that the importance of various risk factors in the diabetic chiefly varies according to the vascular territory involved: cerebral vascular accidents occur mainly in hypertensives, while the presence of retinopathies, proteinuria and peripheral ischemia is directly related to the diabetes and particularly to insulin dependence. The risk of coronary lesions increases considerably when hypertension is added to the diabetes, with an even greater risk in the case of a diabetic, hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic nexus. PMID- 1124361 TI - [Detection of thyreogenic osteopathy with the aid of the modern photon absorption technic]. AB - 163 male and female patients with confirmed metabolic status of the thyroid have been investigated with the aid of the 125-J photon absorption technique ("Bone Analyzer"). In the normothyroid group pathologically low values were found in 14.6 percent of cases. Findings which fell below a standard deviation of the normal range were regarded as pathologic. In 42 male and female patients with confirmed thyroid hyperfunction and decompensated autonomous adenomas, mineral content measurements in the radius revealed pathological values in 28.5 percent. PMID- 1124362 TI - [Abnormal absence of displacement of the cerebral median line]. AB - The angiographic cerebral midline is described. It is pointed out that the midline may be abnormally undisplaced despite the presence of a unilateral or bilateral expansive lesion. The causes of such abnormal non-displacement of the midline are reviewed in the light of examples, and the importance is stressed of bilateral carotid angiograms, sometimes with oblique series, in the case of head injuries and certain tumors. PMID- 1124363 TI - [Pulmonary echinococcus cysticus]. AB - A 23-year-old Spanish male presenting with hemoptysis, fever and radiologic signs of lung tumor was found to have hydatid disease of the lung with rupture into the bronchial system. Diagnosis was possible only by demonstration of scoleces in the sputum. The cyst was totally enucleated by surgery. The epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of this quite rare disease are briefly reviewed with special reference to immunology, radiology and cytology. PMID- 1124364 TI - [Editorial: The radiofibrinogen thrombotest]. PMID- 1124365 TI - [The radiofibrinogen test in differential diagnosis of fresh deep venous thrombosis]. AB - The radio-fibrinogen test is a simple and sensitive method for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis. Intravenously administered radioactive labelled fibrinogen is incorporated as radioactive fibrin in freshly developing thrombi, and such labelled thrombi may be detected on the body surface with nuclear medical equipment. Homologous iodine 125 labelled fibrinogen is chiefly used since it is known not to transmit viral hepatitis. The weak gamma emittor 125-I allows the use of a portable scintillation detector rate meter with an easily moved measuring device. This bedside method does not involve discomfort for the patient. The correlation between ascending phlebography and the radioactive fibrinogen test is more than 90 percent. The radiofibrinogen test may be used to study thromboembolic diseases, to evaluate drugs for prevention of thromboembolic complications and to confirm clinically suspected fresh deep vein thrombi. Details of the method as used in several thousand measurements are given. PMID- 1124366 TI - [Renal venous thrombosis in the adult]. AB - Eleven cases of renal vein thrombosis (RVT) are reported, 9 of which presented with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and 2 with acute renal failure (ARF). Hematuria, enlarged kidneys, assymetric peripheral edema and collateral vein dilatations were the classic symptoms. Phlebography was employed in 101 suspected cases and permitted definitive diagnosis in 11 percent. Phlebography was performed in 13 percent of the NS cases and 11 percent of the ARF cases, but in none of the other cases. Fifteen kidney biopsies (KB) were performed in 8 patients, 6 with NS and 2 with ARF. In the 6 cases of NS, 4 presented a pattern of membranous glomerulonephritis and 2 had mild thickening of the basement membrane. This was confirmed by electromicroscopy in 5. In the 2 with ARF capillary dilatations, polynuclear infiltrates and interstitial edema was found. Repetitive KB, performed in 3 cases, revealed the same histological pattern in 2, while in the other case granular membranous deposits were found on the second biopsy that were not apparent in the first. This last patient was free from clinical manifestations at the time of this last biopsy. Immunofluorescent studies (iF) were performed on 7 KB of 5 patients, 4 with NS and 1 with ARF. Three of the 4 with NS presented a pattern of membranous deposits. On i.F one patient was found to have IgG and C3 deposits, one IgG and fibrinogen and one no detectable IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, C3 or fibrinogen. The fourth with minimal histological changes was also negative for i.F, as was the case of ARF. Sequential treatment by heparin and antivitamin K was administered in 8 patients. Recovery occurred in 3 and stabilization in 4, while in 1 case this treatment was without effect. PMID- 1124367 TI - [Renal insufficiency in tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville disease)]. AB - A case of tuberous sclerosis in a 29-year-old female is reported. Over a period of 7 years renal failure had developed, with recurrent renal bleeding. The patient had therefore to be nephrectomized and is awaiting kidney transplant. The involvement of other organs and the longterm course of the disease are discussed in the light of the literature. The question whether kidney transplantation should be performed is considered. PMID- 1124368 TI - [Conjugation of chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid during passage through liver]. AB - Both chenodeoxycholic acid, in the dosage administered for dissolution of gallstones, and cholic acid are completely conjugated during one passage through the liver. The glycine:taurine ratio increases with the cumulative amount of exogenous bile acids secreted, which suggests consumption of available taurine. Since conjugation with glycine compensates for deficiency of the taurine conjugating system, it can be assumed that in the normal liver and with doses not exceeding 2.5 mmoles, chenodeoxycholic acid is efficiently and completely transformed into its "physiologic" conjugated form. PMID- 1124369 TI - [Physiological proteinuria. Data of acrylamide-SDS gel electrophoresis and other methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis]. AB - Since detection of the first stage of nephropathies requires an exact definition of physiological proteinuria, this has been sought in 97 healthy individuals. Measured by a modification of the biuret reaction, physiological proteinuria did not exceed 100 mug/min in the recumbent position (average of 24.5 mug/min) and 150 mg/24 h (average of 51 mg/24 h). No significant differences were seen with respect to age or sex. Qualitative analysis of urinary proteins was done by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide-SDS electrophoresis. This latter method has the great advantage of classifying the proteins according to their molecular weight, wtihout electrostatic interference. Its graphic representation delineates a normal zone allowing an objective distinction between physiological and pathological proteinurias. In the majority of cases, the proportion of albumin is between 25 and 55%. The orthostatic position increases proteinuria (average of 41 mug/min) with a tendency to a distribution which erroneously suggests a glomerulopathy. Accordingly, investigation for small changes in proteinuria should always be carried out on urine formed in the recumbent position. PMID- 1124370 TI - [The Hollander test: an unsuitable method aimed at judging success following selective proximal vagotomy]. AB - In a prospective, randomized study, proximal selective vagotomy with or without pyloroplasty was used as the exclusive procedure for elective treatment of duodenal ulcer without pyloric stenosis in man. Three months postoperatively 32 out of the first 35 patients exhibited incomplete vagotomy assessed by the 2 deoxy-D-glucose test. This incomplete vagal denervation of the parietal cell mass is due mainly to the principle of proximal selective vagotomy. In order to maintain the motility of the gastric antrum the denervation should be halted at a distance of 7 cm from the pylorus. PMID- 1124371 TI - [Study of endemic nephropathies]. AB - Clinical and microscopic investigations in the kidneys of patients with endemic nephropathy have revealed alterations in the epithelial cells of glomeruli and in the epthelium of nephron segments, and thickening of the basal membranes. These changes have been studied from the viewpoint of distrubances in filtration and reabsorption, and indicate that the primary alterations occur in the glomeruli, i.e. the nephrons, of the patients observed. PMID- 1124372 TI - [Psychodiagnostic factors of indication for abortion]. AB - The psychodiagnostic indication for abortion was investigated by means of the MMPI in 251 women with unwanted pregnancy. The results showed: 1. that, independently of the MMPI, positive indications exhibited more obvious psychopathological distrubance than the negative indications; 2. that women with negative indications where in some ways psychologically different from women with wanted pregnancy; 3. that after abortion women with positive indication no longer differed from a group of women with wanted pregnancy, so that the former could be identified as psychologically well adjusted; and 4. comparison between women with unwanted pregnancy and a group of neurotic women showed that both groups are phenomenologically very similar although women with unwanted pregnancy should be diagnosed as "reactive". The results are presented without comment as a basis for the medical and political debate now in progress. PMID- 1124373 TI - [Mode of action and indication for appetite depressants in the treatment of obesity]. AB - After a brief introductory discussion of methods generally used in the treatment of overweight (dieting; fasting; behavioral therapy; physical activity), the pharmacology of anorexigenic drugs and the considerations governing their clinical use and indications are discussed. All currently available anorexigens exert their action through nor-adrenergic stimulation at receptor sites located in the hypothalamus (amphetamine and ephedrine derivatives) or in the limbic system (Mazindol). In view of the CNS-stimulatory effect of these agents, drug addiction must be considered a potential hazard of their prolonged use. Since any drug treatment of obesity interferes with the patient's motivation to subject himself to the prolonged and possibly life-long changes in his eating habits and exertional behavior which are mandatory for the achievement of long-term therapeutic success, the use of drugs is rarely indicated in the treatment of obesity and should remain the exception. In view of their additional potential to induce drug addiction, this is particularly true of appetite suppressants. PMID- 1124374 TI - [Osteoporosis and osteomalacia]. AB - The pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment of senile-postmenopausal osteoporosis are reviewed. It is likely that several factors, including genetic and racial determinants as well as nutritional calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency in the elderly play a pathogenic role. Available data are consistent with the possibility that the primary alteration of bone metabolism in senile postmenopausal osteoporosis may be a decrease in de-novo bone formation below the level necessary to compensate for age-related bone loss. The second part of the study deals with the osteomalacia syndrome. The most common known causes of osteomalacia are vitamin D deficiency, especially secondary to malabsorption, and a defective vitamin D metabolism associated with chronic renal insufficiency or prolonged anticonvulsant therapy. The hypophosphatemic forms of osteomalacia may be induced by renal tubular dysfunction or by phosphate deficiency of other origin; in these disorders a pathogenic role of altered vitamin D metabolism has not yet been established. PMID- 1124375 TI - [The diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism]. AB - Some recent pathophysiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of hyper- and hypoparathyroidism are reviewed. Three clinical forms of hyperparathyroidism can be distinguished: one with symptoms essentially affecting the skeleton, a second with renal symptoms and a third with scant and sometimes atypical symptoms. The most reliable laboratory criteria for diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism are serum levels of calcium and immunoreactive parathormone. Some authors believe that with a combination of these two parameters a diagnosis is possible in almost all cases. Other determinations such as serum phosphorus and 24-h urinary calcium, and most special tests, are less reliable. A new method for preoperative localization of adenoma, involving catheterization of the thyroid veins, should make future operative procedures easier. With regard to pseudohypoparathyroidism, recent work has contributed to a greater understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanism. On the basis of normal or elevated parathormone in these cases and in other investigations, Albright's hypothesis, which assumes resistance of the renal tubules to parathormone is considered to be proven. Hypoparathyroidism is usually fairly easy to treat with vitamin D or AT 10 and calcium supplements, provided that frequent and careful checks on serum calcium levels are made. PMID- 1124376 TI - [Indications for and effectiveness of retrograde cholangiopancreatography]. AB - The practical value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been evaluated on the basis of experience in 159 own examinations. The cannulation rate as an important index of the success rate rose with experience, and was 85 percent in the last 110 cases. Diagnostic information was however obtained only in 65 percent, as it was not always possible to cannulate the appropriate ductule system and differentiation between chronic inflammatory and neoplastic pancreatic disease was often difficult. The greatest reliability was found in bilary duct disease, though the difference as compared with pancreatic disease was not significant. With strict limitation of the indication and a few important precautions (avoiding parenchymography of the pancreas and prompt surgical drainage of an obstructed biliary duct or pancreatic pseudocysts) no severe complications were observed throughout this series. The morbidity was thus limited to 4 cases of pancreatitis of moderate severity. In spite of the limitations of ERCP in differentiating malignant from chronic inflammatory pancreatic disease, the method was valuable for establishing the indication for, and planning, surgery. Furthermore, the diagnostic reliability was improved by combining ERCP with selective pancreatic angiography. PMID- 1124377 TI - [Incidence of thalassemia in Switzerland]. AB - A total of 2672 cases with thalassemia syndromes observed in the period from 1 January 1968 to 30 April 1974 are classified according to type of thalassemia and the patient's country of origin. During the past 15 years some 10 patients annually with classical heterozygous beta-thalassaemia have been found to be of purely Swiss origin. Due to increased immigration from Mediterranean countries the Swiss patients represent only 2.6 percent of all cases at the present time, a marked decrease from the earlier 30 percent. Since 1968 2260 cases of thalassemia syndrome have been found in Italian patients. Smaller groups of patients originate from Greece, Spain and Turkey. Homozygous beta-thalassemia was observed in 56 cases. Ranking third among thalassemia syndromes is the Hb Lepore trait found in 16 cases. The increase in thalassemia syndromes due to population migration over the past 10 years has resulted in the finding of rare types in Switzerland: 8 patients with HbS-beta-thalassemia, 2 with HbC-beta-thalassemia, 3 cases of HbH-alpha-thalassemia and 2 cases of Hb Bart's-alpha-thalassemia are reported. The difficulty of diagnosing deltabeta-thalassemia and alpha thalassemia is emphasized. PMID- 1124378 TI - [Contraction disorders of the left ventricle in ischemic heart disease. Studies using atrial stimulation]. AB - Sixty-one patients with suspected ischemic heart disease (IHD) have been investigated by atrial stimulation (AST). Group A patients had normal coronarograms and served as controls. Group B patients had pathological conronarograms (at least 50% stenosis in one of the 3 vessels) and normal ventriculograms. Group C patients had pathological coronarograms and ventricular aneurysms. During AST, group C patients exhibited lower dp/dt max and dp/dt min as well as higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and/or mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) than groups A and B. Group B differed from group A only by increased MPAP during AST. When compared to controls, contractility in group C was reduced even at rest. AST offers an excellent means of diagnosing IHD if heart rates of 140/min and above are used. An abnormal increase in MPAP serves as the simplest parameter for IHD. Elevated MPAP at rest prompts suspicion of ventricular aneurysm. It is possible to deduce a quanitative estimate of contracitility by correlating dp/dt max to LVEDP. A hyperbolic relation results. PMID- 1124379 TI - [Abnormal movements induced by L-dopa. New therapeutic possibilities]. AB - One of the major difficulties in the treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-Dopa alone or associated with a decarboxylase inhibitor lies in the frequent occurrence of involuntary movements. In some cases these movements can be prevented (eliminated) by increasing the plasma DCI concentration or by associating 3-oxy-methyl-dopa. In resistant cases the authors have conducted a trial with EP 19-088, which belongs to a new class of tricyclic derivatives of indenopyridine. The trial population comprised 42 patients. In 12 of these there was complete cessation of symptoms. In 9 patients a marked improvement was noted, while in 10 others the improvement was slight but definite. The treatment was discontinued in 2 cases due to episodes of increased confusion. In the other 9 patients the experimental treatment had no effect. No side effects were observed in 24 of the 42 patients tested. In addition to symptoms such as nausea or transient heartburn, the remaining patients reported either a slight worsening of their parkinsonian symptoms or an increase in diurnal fatigability. PMID- 1124380 TI - [The problem of masked depression]. AB - The term "masked depression" appears to be increasingly used as a diagnostic label, but underlying the label are a multitude of problems. Questions of definition, diagnosis, nosologic classification and differential diagnosis are discussed in detail. PMID- 1124381 TI - [Incidence of extra-arachnoid discharge following lumbar puncture]. AB - Dimer-X is considered a good contrast medium for lumbar myelography. Its physical properties guarantee a homogeneous mixture with cerebrospinal fluid, with the result that postpunctural fluid leakage is easy to detect. One hundred Dimer-X lumbar myelographies were performed with two different spinal needles, a short beveled needle of 1.2 mm outer diameter and a special beveled "Quincke" needle of 0.7 mm outer diameter. Postpunctural fluid leakage is observed in 32% of the cases with the former and in only 12% with the latter. False-route injections occurred in 5% of the cases. Epidural leakage is the most frequent and can be detected by its "Christmas tree" appearance on antero-posterior X-ray. Subdural leakage is represented by a "railroad track" appearance on a lateral view. The leakage is observed more frequently in patients with normal myelogram (28%) than in patients with a herniated lumbar disc (18%). PMID- 1124382 TI - [New aspects of tuberculosis therapy]. AB - The introduction of ethambutol and rifampicin has modified the therapy of tuberculosis. Therapy in hospitals or sanatoria can be shortened, and intermittent regimens (once or twice weekly under supervision) are possible. Better knowledge of the side effects of particular drugs, particularly rifampicin, (such as allergic reactions in intermittent administration and reduced effect of oral contraceptives) has been gained. Instead of mere supervision, preventive chemotherapy is given in many cases such as in recently discovered fibrotic lesions and in high risk cases (silicosis, treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents)minadequate treatment may lead to functional impairment such as fibrosis and cor pulmonale. These aspects are discussed and the resultant guidelines for the treatment of tuberculosis are presented. PMID- 1124383 TI - [Antiinfectious chemotherapy in pregnancy]. AB - Antibiotic therapy during pregnancy is generally given to treat infectious diseases of the mother rather than of the fetus. Despite her altered physiology the pregnant woman poses few specific pharmacokinetic problems. The main concern is possible damage to the fetus, depending on its developmental stage at the time of administering the drug. Largely on an empirical basis, antibiotics which can be administered without hazard throughout pregnancy are distinguished from those which should be completely avoided during pregnancy and from others which must be omitted during certain phases of pregnancy. Similar considerations apply in the case of drugs used for the treatment of tuberculosis and mycoses. PMID- 1124384 TI - [Chemotherapy treatment of infectious diseases in infancy and early childhood]. AB - Some specific pediatric aspects of therapy with antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents (dosage based on age, body weight and body surface area) are discussed. In early infancy problems such as the "immaturity" of enzyme systems and excretion mechanisms must be considered. Tetracycline staining is discussed as an example of age-dependent vulnerability of organs. A selection of antibiotics suitable for use in ambulatory pediatrics is proposed. PMID- 1124385 TI - [Antiinfectious chemotherapy in renal insufficiency]. AB - In patients with renal failure the administration of antiinfectious chemotherapeutic agents (antibiotics) raises two main problems. Antibiotics which are effective only by virtue of their high urinary concentration may lose their effect with reduced renal function (plasma creatinine above 1.5-1.7 mg%). This is true of nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, colistin and, to a lesser extent, sulfonamides. Decreased renal elimination of antibiotics may ultimately lead to accumulation and toxic side effects, and the dose of a given antibiotic should therefore be adapted to renal function. Simple dose-adaptation rules are proposed on the basis of plasma creatinine concentration as an index of renal function, a table listing the elimination constants of several antibiotics, and a nomogram which serves to determine graphically the appropriate global elimination constant for the individual patient and a given antibiotic. PMID- 1124386 TI - [Antibiotic combination therapy and chemotherapeutic prophylaxis]. AB - Despite the large number of available chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics, monotherapy is not always possible. The practical indications for antibiotic combinations are discussed and the controversial topic of chemotherapeutic prophylaxis in different clinical situations is raised. PMID- 1124387 TI - [Selection of drugs in chemotherapy]. AB - An attempt has been made to classify the wide range of available antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents from the practical viewpoint. A group of drugs with selective indications and a series of alternative chemotherapeutic agents are distinguished from chemotherapeutic agents for everyday medical routine (penicillin G and analogs, ampicillin, tetracyclines, sulfonamides). The indications for the main drugs and some practical guidelines for chemotherapy are summarized. The excessive commercial supply of ampicillin derivatives and cephalosporins comes in for special comment. It is emphasized that some valuable antibiotics (cephalosporins, carbenicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin) should be kept in reserve. PMID- 1124388 TI - The quality of health care. PMID- 1124389 TI - Our predecessors and ourselves. PMID- 1124390 TI - Rifampicin overdosage--"the red man syndrome.". PMID- 1124391 TI - Septicaemia. AB - Septicaemia still presents a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. Most cases are hospital-acquiredand the reasons for their increasing prevalence are discussed, with reference to predisposing factors and opportunistic infections. The pathology and bacteriology of proven cases (positive blood cultures) in 1974 in a modern children's and maternity hospital complex are presented. Gram-positive and Gram-negative varieties are compared and the molecular biology and mechansims of endo- and exotoxaemia described. Successful therapy demands correct choice of antibiotic and the development of shock requires skilled supportive measures. For the former a rational scheme is outlined and a plea is made for collection of data for this purpose. Polypharmacy is deprecated and either an aminoglycoside or a cephalosporin forms the mainstay of therapy. The emergence of Bacteroids sp. in cases of abdominal and puerperal sepsis necessitates addition of a lincomycin or metronidazole. Superinfection with systemic candidiasis requires 5-fluorocytosine. PMID- 1124392 TI - Relevance of demographic transition theory for developing countries. PMID- 1124393 TI - Nutrition and infection in national development. PMID- 1124394 TI - Uniflagellate spermatozoa in Nemertoderma (Turbellaria) and their phylogenetic significance. AB - An ultrastructural study of Nemertoderma (Turbellaria, Nemertodermatida) has revealed that its spermatozoa have only a single falgellum. This is the first uniflagellate spermatozoon known in the Turbellaria; it is indicative of the primitiveness of Nemertoderma and is evidence in support of the view that the Turbellaria as a whole are among the most primitive living Bilateria. PMID- 1124395 TI - Polyzonimine: A novel terpenoid insect repellent produced by a milliped. AB - A nitrogen-containing terpene 6,6-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-1-ene (polyzonimine) was isolated from the defensive secretion of the milliped Polyzonium rosalbum. Polyzonimine, which is repellent to such natural enemies of the milliped as ants, acts as a topical irritant to insects (10-4 M induces scratching in cockroaches). Its structure was confirmed by a five-step synthesis starting from 2,2-dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane. PMID- 1124396 TI - Lung cancer induced in hamsters by low doses of alpha radiation from polonium 210. AB - Lung cancers have been induced in 9 to 53 percent of hamsters given multiple intratracheal instillations of polonium-210 in amounts yielding lifetime exposures of 15 to 300 rads to the lungs. Cigarette smokers have previously been estimated to receive 20 rads to areas of the bronchial epithelium from deposited polonium-210. This finding thus supports the hypothesis that alpha radiation resulting from the polonium-210 or lead-210 present in cigarette smoke may be a significant causative factor in human lung cancer. PMID- 1124397 TI - Mechanism of insulin-induced paralysis of muscles from potassium-depleted rats. AB - Zinc-free insulin elicited a reduction in the potassium conductance of muscle fibers from potassium-depleted muscle, which led to depolarization, blockage of action-poteintial mechanism, and paralysis. These changes are proposed as the mechanism of insulin-induced paralysis in patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. A similar effect by concanavalin a suggests that the effect may be mediated through the insulin receptors. PMID- 1124398 TI - Gouty arthritis in the black race. AB - This review of 65 black-black patients with gout, in contrast to tan or tinted, is presented to emphasize the universal nature of the disease, irrespective of race or geographic region. One case of a female who delivered a living child 4 yr after her initial attack of gout is reported. No case of gout secondary to chronic renal disease, or to a blood dyscrasia, including sickle cell disease, was discovered. Except for the race, aberrant sex distribution and low incidence of urate stones, this series is not unlike a series of white gout patients. PMID- 1124399 TI - Professional/bureaucratic conflict: the case of the medical profession in the National Health Service. PMID- 1124400 TI - Self-disclosure as a function of reward-cost outcomes. PMID- 1124401 TI - Editorial: A philosophy of approach to treatment of hemangiomas. PMID- 1124402 TI - Orthopedic infections: A prospective study of 378 clean procedures. AB - Six hundred twenty orthopedic surgery patients were evaluated in a prospective study of postoperative infection. The wound infection rate among the 378 elective clean procedures was 5.8 per cent (3.2 per cent major plus 2.6 per cent minor infections). Staphylococcus aureus was the single most common pathogen recovered in both major and minor infections. Gram-negative rods predominated in major infections, but were rarely found in minor infections. In the clean procedure group, infection rates increased with age and duration of operation. Preoperative consideration should be given to all A "profile sheet" or checklist of several such factors is presented for this purpose. PMID- 1124403 TI - Single image pericardial effusion evaluation with technetium compounds. AB - Three cases of suspected pericardial effusion were evaluated with rapid, noninvasive procedure, combined use of macroaggregated albumin technetium 99m and human serum albumin technetium 99m to produce a single radiography showing the heart, liver, and lung perfusion simultaneously. This technic confirmed the diagnosis of pericardial effusion in two cases and ruled out this possibility in the third case. PMID- 1124404 TI - An educational strategy for teaching psychosocial pediatrics. AB - The functions and operation of two outpatient clinics, the Pediatric Family Clinic and the Child Psychiatric Consultative Service, are described to illustrate an approach to teaching residents and medical students how to diagnose and deal with the psychosocial problems frequently encountered in children. Learning experiences in this busy ambulatory setting are pediatric and family practice. PMID- 1124405 TI - Cardiorespiratory changes associated with intracranial pressure waves: Evaluation of these changes in 27 patients with head injuries. AB - Alteration in heart rate and respiratory rate and depth occurred in association with intracranial pressure (ICP) waves in 27 patients with head injuries. Usually the ICP wave was preceded by a transient increase in end-alveolar CO2 levels. Thereafter, the ICP gradually increased and was accompanied by simultaneous decreases in heart rate and respiratory rate and depth. Immediately before the termination of the ICP wave, there was an abrupt increase in heart rate and respiratory rate and depth. After the ICP fell to base line level, heart rate and respiratory returned to control values. It is suggested that the transient alterations in the CO2 level at the beginning and during the ICP wave probably initiate these abnormal waves. While the heart rate changes are striking, their role in the formation and termination of ICP pressure waves is uncertain. PMID- 1124406 TI - Sexual function after abdominoperineal resection. AB - A survey of the sexual changes in patients having abdominoperineal resection for ulcerative colitis was made at the Medical College of Georgia. The incidence of impotence in our series is zero. Only one of our female patients had a successful pregnancy. The other women seemed to be hampered by anatomic derangements relating to strictures, adhesions, or dislocation of the uterus, although the precise causes of infertility have not been elucidated. We suggest that in young men, fear of infertility have not been elucidated. We suggest that in young men, fear of injuring sexuality should not impede selection of appropriate surgical modality. However, we also suggest that the woman's risk of post-operative impairment of sexual function is greater than the man's. PMID- 1124407 TI - Prestenotic enteritis and enterocolitis in children: Description of a syndrome and review of five cases. AB - A clinical syndrome of prestenotic enteritis and enterocolitis consisting of abdominal distention and pain, intermittent diarrhea and constipation, failure to thrive, fever and in some patients, extreme prostration and death is described. The pathogenesis of this enteritis and enterocolitis apparently is related to partial mechanical obstruction of the bowel with proximal dilatation, stagnation, and capillary stasis. Acute relief from the enteritis and enterocolitis may be obtained by stomal dilatation and colonic irrigation; however, all patients in our series required surgical intervention. because mortality in this disease is significant and the results with early surgical intervention are favorable, surgical intervention is encouraged at the first sign of prestenotic enteritis or enterocolitis in children. Surgical correction of the distal stenosis produced a growth spurt in the two successfully treated patients without other growth limiting disease. PMID- 1124408 TI - Aggression in adolescents: Use of the Buss-Durkee Inventory. AB - The Buss-Durkee Inventory (BDI) is a 75-item true-false design to measure hostility and aggression. Norms have been established for adult populations, and data are available for adult psychiatric populations. Adolescent norms have not been established, nor are data available for adolescent psychiatric populations. This study provides BDI data on 438 high school students, giving breakdown by age, sex, and race. In addition, BDI scores for 100 patients admitted consecutively to an adolescent inpatient unit are presented. Scores on the BDI were higher in the younger high school age groups. Female patients had higher scores than girls in the high school control group; male patients scored lower than their male controls. Female patients surprisingly scored higher than male patients. PMID- 1124409 TI - Upper extremity arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis and administration of chemotherapeutic agents. AB - The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the choice made of access to the circulation in patients having chronic hemodialysis. AVFs are also used in patients having repeated courses of intravenous chemotherapy. This relatively simple operation can result in considerable morbidity if improperly done. The technics used in our center, which result in a high patency rate, are described. Maneuvers designed to reduce the resistance to flow and increase the minute flow through the fistulas are stressed. PMID- 1124410 TI - Gender identification and the female impersonator. AB - This case study supports the plea by a number of psychiatrists for thorough psychiatric and psychologic screening of all persons seeking sexual reassignment surgery. The patient, a female impersonator taking estrogen, was seriously considering such an operation in order to cope with identity problems and an inability to achieve gratification in life. His psychiatric and psychologic evaluations indicated that his profession and desire for anatomic change were more a reflection of a borderline personality than true feminine gender identity. PMID- 1124411 TI - Rupture fo the intestine in patients with hernia. AB - Two cases of perforation of the small intestine associated with minor abdominal trauma and right inguinal hernia are presented along with a review of 104 cases in the literature, The condition is treacherous because this minimal injury can produce catastrophic intraabdominal perforation. The most reliable signs and symptoms are abdominal pain associated with guarding and rigidity. Laboratory data may only show leukocytosis and signs of dehydration. Early operation, using a formal laparotomy, is imperative. Systemic antibiotics are recommended. PMID- 1124412 TI - Depression in elderly patients. AB - Depression is a common reaction to the vicissitudes of life among elderly people. Aged persons are physiologically and psychologically less able to adapt, yet they are required to change their life styles because of retirement, lowered financial resources, death of family and friends, and illness. Although many mental health professionals are reluctant to treat geropsychiatric patients, the prognosis for depressed patients can be good. Drug therapy is usually the most effective, although psychotherapy and other behavioral therapies may be used adjunctively. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be indicated for severely depressed patients. The beginning dosage of medication should be lower than for younger patients, and elderly patients must be monitored carefully for side effects. Adverse reactions due to multiple drug interactions are also possible. When aged persons become severely depressed, they are at high risk of suicide; almost all suicide attempts by elderly people are successfl. Depression in later life is treatable, and the pessimism that often surrounds the prognosis for geropsychiatric patients is unwarranted. PMID- 1124413 TI - In-hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction. AB - In order to determine if the risk factors contributing to mortality from acute myocardial infarction (MI) during the period of coronary care unit (CCU) observation are different from those in patients dying in the hospital after CCU discharge, the hospital records of 172 acute MI patients seen over an 18-month period were reviewed. Of the 32 deaths from acute MI, 25 per cent occurred suddenly outside the CCU. The risk factors identified in the 32 deaths were (1) anterior MI (2) Previous MI, (3) cardiac failure, (4) significant ventricular arrhythmia, (5) intraventricular conduction defects, and (6) murmur suggestive of papillary muscle dysfunction. These same risk factors were found to be far more frequent in the patients dying suddenly outside the CCU. PMID- 1124414 TI - Monilial esophagitis. AB - A case of monilial esophagitis, developing in a diabetic patient treated with gentamicin for Escherichia coli septicemia, is described. The esophagogram was normal and the diagnosis was confirmed by fiberoptic esophagoscopy and biopsy examination. The patient responded to oral nystatin. The literature on esophageal moniliasis is reviewed. PMID- 1124415 TI - Surigcal ground rounds from the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Endocrine aspects of renal tumors. PMID- 1124416 TI - Immunotherapy for human malignant melanoma. AB - The status of immunotherapy up to 1972 for malignant melanoma in man is reviewed. The immunotherapeutic approaches used are based on the demonstration that man reacts to malignant melanoma antigens with both humoral and cell-mediated immunologic responses. Immunotherapy for human melanoma includes both specific and nonspecific approaches. In the former, tumor antigen, committed antimelanoma lymphocytes, or cytotoxic antimelanoma antibody are used. In nonspecific immunotherapy, an unrelated antigen (eg, BCG or smallpox vaccine) is used to provoke an immunologic response that results in tumor destruction. Although several promising approaches and mounting testimonials suggest that immunotherapy for human melanoma is feasible, the results to date are far from being uniformly successful. Nonetheless, the results are encouraging enough to warrant mounting a immunotherapeutic approach to this dreaded form of cancer. PMID- 1124417 TI - Renal failure associated with acetazolamide therapy for glaucoma. AB - Presented is a case of acute renal failure induced by acetazolamide therapy for glaucoma. The 69-year-old patients recovered rapidly after oral administration of fluids and sodium bicarbonate. This sulfonamide like nephropathy should be differentiated from acetazolamide-related calcium phosphate nephrolithiasis. PMID- 1124418 TI - A mathematical model of phytochrome - the receptor of photomorphogenetic processes in plants. AB - A mathematical model of the phytochrome pigment system is considered, the parameters of which are determined by solving the problem of identification on the basis of the dynamic characteristics of the photoreceptor obtained experimentally. The model is based on two photochemical and four dark reactions occurring in the phytochrome system. A study of the model permitted establishing the dynamics of processes in the photoreceptor and determining the relation between the behavior of the active form of phytochrome and the intensity and spectral distribution of light. The results of the investigation allows explaining of the high-energy reaction of photomorphogenesis as a consequence of the dynamics of phytochrome processes. PMID- 1124419 TI - The effect of analogs of juvenile hormone on the morphogenesis of the flight apparatus of the house cricket. AB - The morphogenetic action of juvenile hormone (JH) on the development of the flight apparatus was studied on the house cricket (Acheta domestica L.). Simulation of an excess of JH, created by treatment of nymphs of the last instar with analogs of JH, led to the formation of adultoids with various degrees of expression of the imaginal characteristics in the structure of the elytrons and wings. An analysis of the state of the wings, wing base, and wing muscles in the adultoids shows that the flight apparatus develops as an integral functioning system, and not as a result of independent imagination of its individual constituents. The great importance of inversion of the wings was demonstrated: imaginal characteristics absent before inversion were expressed to one degree or another in all parts of the flight apparatus after inversions. The imaginization of the wing musculature is associated primarily with the degree of formation of the wing base, determining the degree of mobility of the wings. It was proposed that the morphogenetic action of JH and its analogs be evaluated on the basis not so much of the length of the wings as the degree of formation of the flight apparatus, which is most simply judged according to the mobility of the wings. It was proposed that the morphogenetic action of JH and its analogs be evaluated on the basis not so much of the length of the wings as the degree of formation of the flight apparatus, which is most simply judged according to the mobility of the wings and their position at rest. PMID- 1124420 TI - Effect of retinal factors on the chick-embryo lens in vivo. AB - The effect of water-soluble retinal factors on lens differentiation in 11-day chick embryos was studies in vivo. Retinal extract accelerated cell transfer from zone to zone, promoted lens-fiber formation, and reduced total protein in the lens. Acrylamide-gel electrophoresis detected four basic protein fractions in the lens. Retinal factors caused a fraction identified as gamma-crystallin to disappear and lowered the peak of delta-crystallin. The data obtained are evidence that retinal factors participate in the regulation of cell differentiation and protein turnover in the lens. PMID- 1124421 TI - Methods of regeneration. AB - This paper is concerned with methods of regeneration: morphallaxis, epimorphosis, and regeneration by induction. The last method was demonstrated by investigations to study the restoration of lost regenerative power of the cranial bones in adult dogs and in some other cases. During regeneration by induction an inducing agent, reactive or competent material, and the right conditions for induction must be present. It is emphasized that the method and mechanism of regeneration are one and the same thing. The methods of regeneration specified above differ not only in their formal and secondary features, but also in the essence of their fundamental processes: true reorganization, growth, and induction. Each method of regeneration can be found not only in the pure form, but also in combinations of varying degree and type. Besides regeneration, hypertrophy is also very important for the restoration of parenchymatous internal organs in mammals, but it is not identical with regenerations. PMID- 1124422 TI - Radioautographic and cytometric analysis of myocyte growth and myocardial regeneration in rats. AB - During postnatal histogenesis of the rat myocardium DNA synthesis and myocyte proliferation are essentially completed by the 20th-25th day of development, while growth of the muscle cells continues after the 30th day. On the first days following injury of the myocardium of newborn and four-day-old rats the index of labelled nuclei and the mitotic index decrease considerably. Later in myocardial regions adjacent to and remote from the focus of the injury the changes in both indices were identical. No such phenomena were observed in 14-day-old, 30-day old, and adult rats. After injury in all stages of development a scar formed in the myocardium. It is concluded that regeneration (secondary morphogenesis) does not occur in the myocardium, as assumed earlier, but the process of natural development which had been disturbed by the trauma continues. In the myocardial region remote from the site of the trauma this process, especially in four-day old rats, is of a compensatory nature. The trauma briefly stimulates myocyte proliferation of the stumps of 14-day-old rats. In the center of the focus of the injury even after the repeated injection of H3-thymidine labelled nuclei were not found in the muscle fibers. This raises doubt as to the possibility of proliferative morphogenesis of muscle fibers located in this region. PMID- 1124423 TI - Ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells at different stages of differentiation in the preoptic nucleus of immature sterlet. AB - Ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells of the preoptic nucleus in immature sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) was studies for the first time. The dorsal zone of the preoptic nucleus houses light, dark, and pycnomorphic neurosecretory cells, which contain varying numbers of elementary secretory granules measuring 1995 plus or minus 32 A in diameter. Light cells containing numerous secretory granules with a diameter of 1707 plus or minus 27 A are predominant in the middle zone. Pycnomorphic cells are absent in this zone. The ventral zone contains only poorly differentiated cells with solitary elementary granules measuring 1100-1300 A in diameter. The neurosecretory cells also differ with respect to the number and structural characteristics of their organoids. Thus, neurosecretory cells in the preoptic nucleus are found in different morphofunctional states, a circumstance that reflects the sequence of their development in ontogenesis and different phases of the secretory cycle. PMID- 1124424 TI - Investigation of the ultrastructure of DNA-synthesizing cells of a focus of aseptic inflammation. AB - The ultrastructure of cells of a focus of aseptic inflammation, synthesizing DNA (incorporating H3-thymidine) was studied with the aid of a combination of methods of light autoradiography and plane-parallel embedding. It was shown that these cells have the ultrastructure specific for collagen-synthesizing cells (fibroblasts): a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum with a large number of polyribosomes, an extensive Golgi complex, a characteristic structure of the mitochondria, and a large number of cytoplasmic microfibers. Collagen fibers are detected on the surface of the cells. PMID- 1124425 TI - The role of mitosis in the formation of binuclear cells with a pigmented epithelium of the retina and in the rat liver. AB - The formation of binuclear tetraploid cells in the pigmented epithelium of the retina and the rat liver was investigated by the method of autoradiography using H3-thymidine. It was shown that binuclear cells are formed in these tissues as a result of incomplete mitosis. Only mononuclear diploid cells participate in the formation of these cells in the livers of 24-day-old animals, while in the pigmented epithelium of the retina of four-day-old animals, in addition binuclear tetraploid cells also participate. The duration of the phases of the mitotic cycle of cells of the pigmented epithelium of the rat retina and liver was determined. PMID- 1124426 TI - Study of the specificity of the action of adhesive factors isolated from the liver and lungs of adult mice and rats. AB - Adhesive factors (AF), enhancing the cohesion of cells in liver and lung tissues, were isolated from the liquid obtained in the incubation of pieces of liver and lung of adult mice and rats in calcium-free salt solution. The action of AF was evaluated according to their influence on the strength of cohesion of the cells in the lung and liver, measured with a micromanipulator, and according to the number of cells isolated from the liver by dispersion. The presence of tissue specificity and the absence of species specificity of the action of AF on the tissues of adult animals was demonstrated. PMID- 1124427 TI - Some peculiarities of the expression of exterases in larvae and adult individuals of Drosophila virilis. AB - It was discovered that certain isoenzymes of esterases in Drosophila virilis are represented by fast and slow subfractions. In various inbred lines, pecularities are observed in the distribution of activity between these subfractions, so that in adult individuals of some lines, the fast subfraction is the most active, and in others the slow subfraction. During the process of ontogenesis, a redistribution of activity between the two subfractions is observed. PMID- 1124428 TI - Redistribution of newly synthesized RNA between nucleus and cytoplasm in sea urchin embryos. AB - The kinetics of the release of newly synthesized RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm in embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus was investigated. Preliminary data indicate that some of the newly synthesized RNA may return from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. PMID- 1124429 TI - The genetic and hormonal control of puffing in the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila. PMID- 1124431 TI - Variation patterns in the respiration of avian embryos. AB - Our own data and those in the literature show that the increase in body weight and respiration rate in avian embryos is divided into three periods. Equations are given that describe the increase in weight and oxygen-consumption rate during individual periods and throughout embryogenesis. The meaning of the coefficients in the equation relating body weight to respiration rate is clarified. It is hypothesized that the analytic expression representing respiration rate as a function of embryo weight can aid in finding relationships between respiration and other parameters of the developing organism. PMID- 1124430 TI - Expression of aldolase-controlling genes in hybrid fish embryos. Use of thermostability as a genetic marker. AB - A new method based on differences in protein thermostability has been proposed for studying genetic control of protein synthesis during development. The effectiveness of this method was checked for aldolase, whose thermostability was established from the temperature required for 50% inactivation after heating for 30 min (T50%). Eggs from a relatively cryophilic species, the loach, were fertilized with sperm from warm-water aquarium fish: the danio, barb, rasbora, and goldfish. The T50% for aldolase from the hybrid embryos and fry was 1-4 degrees higher than for aldolase from the loach. The increase in T50% in the loach times danio and loach times rasbora hybrids was shown to be caused by functioning of the paternal aldolase-controlling genes, which began at the somite formation stage and coincided with the increase in enzyme activity in the embryo. The value of T50% was increased to a greater extent and reached its maximum more rapidly in the somite tissues than in the cephalic tissues. A decrease in aldolase thermostability occurred in reciprocal danio times loach hybrids during the same developmental stages. PMID- 1124432 TI - Use of plastome and nuclear mutants of higher plants to study the genetic control of plastid formation and function. AB - We conducted comparative biochemical and electron-microscopic studies of several types of plastome and nuclear mutants of Antirrhinum majus and Pelargonium zonale. It was shown that specific blocking of the photosynthetic reaction occurs in plastome mutants of A. majus; Photosystem II was found to be damaged in the en:alba-1 mutant and photo-system I was affected in the en:viridis-1 mutant. The plastid mutations in these mutants caused loss of certain soluble lamellar proteins and pigment--protein complexes or a reduction in their content, which led to disappearance of photosynthetic activity. When the content of high molecular ribosomal RNA in the leaves of normal and mutant P. zonale plants was compared, the normal plants were found to have four types of RNA: two types of cytoplasmic-ribosome RNA and two types of plastid-ribosome RNA. No plastid ribosome RNA was detected in the mutant. These results were confirmed by electron microscopic examination: no ribosomes were detected in the mutant plastids. Thus, use of plastome mutants made it possible to establish that the genetic information concentrated in the plastid DNA controls formation of ribosomes and lamellae in the chloroplasts and thus affects chloroplast photosynthetic function. PMID- 1124433 TI - A modified Robertson's equation of animal growth. AB - A growth equation is presented, differing from Robertson's equation only in its constnats. It is shown that this equation satisfactorily describes the growth of birds and mammals. PMID- 1124434 TI - Cell cycles in the early development of axolotl. AB - In axolotl embryos, during the course of development, the generation time increases, chiefly on account of a lengthening of the phase of DNA synthesis, the longest in the cell cycle. At the stages of the middle blastula and early gastrula, the G1 phase is shorter than in the G2 phase, while at the neurula stage, the G1 phase is far longer than the G2 phase. Cells of the chordamesoderm pass through the cycle nonuniformly during gastrulation: a period with a very low index of labeled nuclei and slow entry of cells into the S phase gives way to a period of their intensive entry into the S-phase. PMID- 1124435 TI - Transplantation of nuclei from growing oocytes into fully grown enucleated sturgeon oocytes. AB - Experiments involving enucleation of oocytes and transplantation of germinal vesicles showed that, at the start of the period of greatest growth, the oocyte caryoplasm already contains the substances necessary to make the cytoplasm capable of cytotomy. PMID- 1124436 TI - Biosynthesis of mitochondrial proteins in oocytes of the loach Misgurnus fossilis L. AB - The incorporation of C14-valine into the mitochondrial proteins of loach oocytes in vivo is seven times greater during the period of slow growth and the early phase of the period of greatest growth than the incorporation of this amino acid into mitochondrial proteins at the end of the period of greatest growth. Incorporation of the tagged amino acid into the mitochondrial proteins is inhibited by chloramphenicol. Cycloheximide inhibits tagged-precursor incorporation into the proteins of the nucleus and 14, 000-g supernatant and into the mitochondrial proteins. PMID- 1124437 TI - Change in the maternal effect in Drosophila hybrids at low temperatures. AB - Interspecies Drosophila hybrids of the virilis group were used to study the maternal effect (expression of the recessive glossy mutation when females of D. virilis strains carrying this mutation are crossed with D. littoralis males of the wild type) at low temperatures. The maternal effect was found to be intensified by a factor of four at 17 degrees and there was also an increase in the incidence of haplo-6 individuals (95%, as against 26% at 25 degrees), apparently as a result of the increased frequency of elimination of the 6th D. littoralis chromosome during cleavage division I. PMID- 1124438 TI - Changes in the pool of deoxyuridine monophosphate in the normal embryogenesis of rats and under the influence of the folic acid antagonist chloridin. AB - Using the methods of ion exchange and paper chromatography, the content of d-UMP, AMP, GMP, and UMP was measured in 13-15 day rat embryos, and the changes in the pools of these nucleotides under the action of chloridin, one of the inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, were also determined. Only the concentration of d-UMP changed appreciably: it increased in the case of normal development from the 13th to the 14th day, apralleling a decrease in the specific activity of TMS, and especially sharply under the action of chloridin, which, inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, evidently created a deficiency of FA-H4 and thereby blocked the TMS reaction. PMID- 1124439 TI - The temporal and spatial separation of specific syntheses in the process of chondrogenesis (electron microscopic investigation). AB - The ultrastructural of the chondroblasts was investigated in vitro by the methods of light and electron microscopy, determining the degree of differentiation of the individual cells. It was found that in the process of differentiation, the surface area of the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum undergoes a five fold increase, while the concentration of free ribosomes in the cytoplasm decreases. The total concentration of free ribosomes and those attached to the membranes per unit volume is unchanged and is approximately 5500 ribosomes per mu3. The use of H3-proline showed that collagen is synthesized on free polyribosomes in the cytoplasm, and not on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A hypothesis was advanced on the temporal and spatial separation of specific syntheses in the cartilage, playing an important role in the differentiation of the chondroblasts. PMID- 1124440 TI - Letter: Phsical aspects of tc, sr and f for bone scintigraphy. PMID- 1124441 TI - Metabolic acidosis in the acute abdomen. AB - Acid-base balance in 13 patients with acute abdominal conditions has been studied. Superior mesenteric arterial occlusion in 3 patients produced a base excess of less then-12. Other acute abdominal emergencies did not produce as profound a metabolic acidosis. The limitations of using severe metabolic acidosis as a diagnostic criterion in superior mesentric arterial occlusion are discussed. PMID- 1124443 TI - Isotopic method using xenon-133 for assessing placental blood flow and for detecting light-for-dates babies. AB - A method for measuring uteroplacental blood flow is described and applied to mothers with light-for-dates and normally-grown fetuses. The two groups of fetuses showed a significant difference in their clearance rates, the inportance of which is discussed in terms of diagnosis and management. PMID- 1124442 TI - Education for appropriate psychiatry. AB - Appropriate psychiatry depends on the careful delineation of educational objectives in terms of the knowledge, skills and attitudes that doctors can be expected to use, the development of suitable learning experiences and methods of evaluation to test whether the objective have been attained. A method for the analysis of objectives is described, as well as techniques to facilitate learning. Clinical skills are not enough in planning postgraduate training in the south african context. Managerial and educational skills should also be fostered, as well as the personal growth and development of the trainee. Special attention should be given to preparing the psychiatrist to meet the needs of different cultural groups. A case is put forward for the development and acceptance of a single basic qualification of clinical competence for psychiatrists in South Africa and it is proposed that the F.F. Psych. should fill this gap. PMID- 1124444 TI - A case of recurrent subacute disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with malarial prophylaxis. AB - An adult male who twice presented with a sudden haemolytic anaemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation of uncertain aetiology is described. A possible causative agent common to both episodes is the breakdown product of pyrimethamine (Daraprim) and chlorguanide (Paludring). A very similar case has been attributed to penicillin sensitivety. The usefulness of high dosage heparin in the treatment of the subacute form of disseminated intravascualr coagulation is illustrated in the first admission. PMID- 1124445 TI - [Medical education and specialisation]. PMID- 1124447 TI - Letter: Present-day radiology. PMID- 1124446 TI - Letter: Drugs in obesity. PMID- 1124449 TI - An evaluation of tilidine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain requiring immediate analgesia. AB - Problems relating to analgesia in various situations are briefly discussed. A simple working classification for analgesic administration is given. The results of a trial, in which 50 mg of a new analgesic, tilidine, was given sublingually, are presented. The drug was evaluated in cases where immediate analgesia was indicated. The majority of patients had injuries to the hand or head. It was found that tilidine provided a marked analgesic effect in 27 of the 30 patients. The onset of action was rapid, 25 of the 30 patients obtaining complete relief within 6 minutes. It is concluded that tilidine is a powerful analgesic, with a rapid onset of action when it is give in the sublingual drop form. Moreover, it is a drug of choice, in this form, for acute, moderately severe situations (those which require immediate analgesia, but where opinates are not thought to be necessary). PMID- 1124448 TI - Glucagon as a duodenal relaxant in tubeless and intubated duodenography. PMID- 1124450 TI - Cavitation of pulmonary metastases. AB - Although cavitation of pulmonary metastases is not as frequent as that of primary involvement, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple cavitary lesions. The most frequent cause is squamous cell carcinoma, but it is by no means confined to this type of pathology. PMID- 1124451 TI - The quality of perinatal care received by patients in the Greater Harare area during 1973. AB - The perinatal deaths which occurred during 1973 in the Harare perinatal service were analysed in relation to their obstetric associations. Seventy-one per cent of all the deaths were associated with just five obstetric complications, namely asphyxia in laubour, preterm delivery, minor antepartum haemorrhage, unexplained intra-uterine death and disproportion. It is suggested that asphyxial deaths occurring labour will only be eliminated when continous cardiotocographic monitoring becomes standard practice for all patients. Until then, selected cardiotocography will remain as the main diagnostic aid. Its value will be improved by reviewing the principles of selection. The potential exists to eliminate preterm delivery by the use of beta-adrenergic stimulant drugs. It is suggested that the rational application of this potential would reduce perinatal mortality from preterm delivery. The unexplained intra-uterine deaths and those associated with a minor antepartum haemorrhage presented major problems of understanding and therefore management. These are discussed. Deaths associated with disproportion occurred in 0,10% of booked patients and 3,22% of unbooked patients. The management of the booked patient is satisfactory, and improvement in perinatal mortality will only be achieved by decreasing the number of unbooked patients. PMID- 1124452 TI - Letter: Sick utopia. PMID- 1124454 TI - Letter: A hint for myringotomies in acute otitis media. PMID- 1124453 TI - Letter: Giant lymph node hyperplasia with haematological abnormality. PMID- 1124455 TI - Letter: Ophthalmological fees. PMID- 1124456 TI - Letter: Universal alopecia and microcephaly in 4 siblings. PMID- 1124457 TI - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder in the Western Cape. AB - The histology of the initial biopsy specimens of 473 patients with tumours of the urinary bladder has been reviewed and the tumours categorised. The patients selected were normally resident in the Western Cape. The findings show that there is a low percentage of squamous carcinomas in the series when compared with similar published series from other parts of the African continent. These findings suggest that whatever aetiological or modifying agents are operative in the remainder of Africa, these are not present in the Western Cape. PMID- 1124458 TI - Activation analysis in biological material. PMID- 1124459 TI - Haemangiopericytoma of the thigh. AB - Haemangiopericytoma is a very vascular tumour which is slow growing and often painless. It is important to realise the malignant potential of these tumours and to treat them by wide surgical excision. Angiography was helpful in this case because it gave warning of probable malignancy. PMID- 1124460 TI - Canine ringworm caused by Trichophyton rubrum; probable transmission from man to animal. AB - A case of ringworm in a 2-year-old male Dachshund caused by Trichophyton rubrum is described. The owner of this dog had tinea pedis probably caused by the same fungus. The authors believe that this is the first authenticated case of T. rubrum infection in a dog recorded in Japan, the infection probably having been acquired from man. PMID- 1124461 TI - Emmonsia parva as causal agent of adiaspiromycosis in a fox. AB - The authors report on adiaspiromycosis of a fox (Vulpes vulpes) caused by Emmonsia parva. Species diagnosis was made on the basis of dimensions of the fungus found in the lungs of the animal, the histopathological picture of tissue changes and the properties of the isolated culture. The identification of the fungus was also confirmed by experimental infection. The differential diagnosis of the agent of adiaspiromycosis is discussed by experimental infection. The differential diagnosed of the agent of adiaspiromycosis is discussed and attention is called to confusion of the species. E. crescens and E. parva in the past. The finding represents the first case of adiaspiromycosis due to E. parva in Europe. PMID- 1124462 TI - [Balck piedra in chimpanzees from Zaire]. AB - Black piedra was present in 21 of 72 museum pelts of chimpanzees (Pan paniscus and Pan satyrus) from Zaire. In the absence of culture, the mycological characteristics observed in vivo, although insufficient to allow a definite identification of the Piedraia species involved, are almost identical with those of Piedraia quintanilhae Van Uden, De Barros-Machado & Castelo-Branco, 1963. PMID- 1124463 TI - Classification of some Gymnoascaceae by pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography using added marker compounds. AB - Methyl esters of fatty acids were added to samples before pyrolysis to superimpose peaks of known retention time on the pyrochromatograms. These peaks were useful in calibrating the retention time scales so that peaks on different chromatograms could be appropriately homologized. The study included 3 species of Nannizzia, 3 strains of Trichophyton rubrum and 1 strain each of Gymnoascus uncinatus, G. reesii, Arachniotus hyalinosporus, Chrysosporium pannorum and Gliocladium viride. Pyrograms of the 3 T. rubrum strains were not as similar to each other as the pyrograms of some of the supposedly distantly related species. Unless our identification of 1 or more of the T. rubrum strains is incorrect, these results cast doubt on the usefulness of pyrochromatograms as indicators of genetic similarity. PMID- 1124465 TI - [Editorial: Phagocytic function of granulocytes]. PMID- 1124464 TI - Antigenic analysis of yeast cell-walls. AB - Agglutination and complement fixation tests with yeast cell-walls revealed an extensive and complex pattern of cross-reactions amongst 26 species of 20 genera of yeasts. Common antigens were found in all yeast cell-walls. Ascosporogenous yeasts possessed antigens not found in the asporogenous yeasts and vice versa. Nuberical analyses of serological properties confirmed this distinction and also that little differentiation could be achieved at generic level with respect to Saccharomyces and Candida spp. PMID- 1124466 TI - [Haemolytic-splenomegalic erythropolydiskaryosis (a form of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia). Study of a new case, prior to and after splenectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124467 TI - [Thromboplastin-formation factors and cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124468 TI - [Ultrastructural comparative study between reactive and proliferative plasmocytosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124469 TI - [Double heterozygote for beta-delta thalassaemia and S haemoglobin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124470 TI - [Study of cold and immune antibodies in a family with thalassaemia major (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124471 TI - The cause of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency in man. AB - Respiratory failure in man most frequently follows sepsis. A sign of occult sepsis may be pulmonary failure. Shock and its necessary fluid therapy may predispose to a brief requirement for ventilatory assistance. Shock and multiple injury predispase to sepsis. Mechanical ventilation with intubation has adverse effects upon the lung as well as beneficial effects of the patient. The most important adverse effect is pneumonia. PMID- 1124472 TI - Factors influencing mortality in the treatment of pyogenic hepatic abscess. AB - This analysis of 80 patients with pyogenic hepatic abscess seen at this hospital demonstrated that there was no significant change in the incidence, age, sex, race, location or number of abscesses, symptoms, physical findings, labrotory data, routine roentgenograms, or complications over a 21 year period. However, there were relatively more women, the patients were older, and the incidence of appendicitis as an etiologic factor was much lower in this series than in the preantibiotic era. Ascending cholangitis was the most common etiologic factor throught this series, although malignant extrahepatic obstruction has become more prevalent in recent years. Escherichia coli remains the most commonly isolated organism, and gram-negative organisms are found in 72 per cent of the cultures. More than one organism was isolated in 65 per cent of the patients and there has been a significant increase in the number of anaerobic organisms isolated in recent years. Furthermore, a majority of anaerobic abscesses were solitary, and therefore, they had a better prognosis. The factors associated with a poor prognosis were age greater than 70 years, multiple abscesses, a biliary cause, an associated malignant condition, jaundice, an elevated serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase level, hypoalbuminemia, polymorphonucleocytosis, bactermia especially with multiple organisms, aerobic infection, and pulmonary, peritoneal, or other significant complication. PMID- 1124473 TI - Comparison of sterilization by tubal ligation and hysterectomy. AB - A comparison was made between sterilization by hysterectomy and by tubal ligation at the time of cesarean section and as an interval procedure. All operations were done at one institution and, essentially, by the same physician population, allowing for promotion within the residency program. The major deterrent to hysterectomy was the associated high incidence of necessary blood transfusion. However, a hysterectomy does offer the benefits of a permanent and completely effective procedure and the removal of an organ which ultimately may be the source of other problems. If another pathologic condition exists, making ultimate hysterectomy likely, it is the procedure of choice for sterilization, avoiding risks, costs, and the inconvenience of another operation. Methods of elective sterilization must be individualized. If the patient is appraised of the increased risk of hysterectomy and desires this more definitive procedure on the basis of informed consent, the incidence of complications is not prohibitive. These should not deter the well trained surgeon but should mandate use of all available skills, intensive evaluation of the patient, and concerned recognition of the potential adverse consequences. PMID- 1124474 TI - The diagnostic value of protein bound serum fucose in cancer of the breast. AB - Protein bound serum fucose levels were measured in women with cancer of the breast and in normal women serving as controls. Thirteen healthy women gave a mean value of 13.9 plus or minus 2.4 milligrams per cent, which was not significantly different from the figure of 15.0 plus or minus 3.1 milligrams per cent obtained from 11 patients with operable cancer of the breast, Stage I and II. Only the serums from nine patients with disseminated cancer of the breast showed a significantly elevated fucose concentration of 18.8 plus or minus 3.6 milligrams per cent. It is concluded that serum fucose determination is of no diagnostic value in the early stages of cancer of the breast. PMID- 1124475 TI - The effect of an intraduodenal elemental diet on pancreatic secretion. AB - The effect of an elemental diet on canine exocrine pancreatic secretion was evaluated by infusing an elemental diet into the duodenum of dogs and monitoring the output of the pancreas. The stimulatory properties of the elemental diet were compared with a nearly equimolar dose of an L-form neutral amino acid, 0.16 normal hydrochloric acid, and 2 units per kilogram per hour of exogenous cholecystokinin. Intraduodenal infusion of elemental diet produced significant increases in pancreatic volume and protein output. These changes were similar to those produced by the amino acid solution and suggest that the stimulatory properties of the elemental diet are primarily due to the amino acid content. The results of the this study suggest that elemental diets stimulate the duodental mucosa to secrete cholecystokinin which stimulates the exocrine pancreas. Elemental diets administered in such a manner that the substance passes through the duodenum would not theoretically be a satisfactory method of providing calories to patients with acute pancreatitis. PMID- 1124476 TI - Pulmonary embolism after amputation of the lower extremity. AB - Patients requiring amputation of the lower extremity for arteriosclerosis are at high risk for the development of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Inapparent venous thrombosis was discovered in the amputated leg at operation in eight patients. Pulmonary embolism was documented by angiogram or at autopsy in ten patients. The majority of emboli discovered in this study was not suspected by the physician responsible for the care of the patient. The perfusion lung scan in this elderly group of patients had a false-positive rate of 60 per cent, while a normal lung scan was strong evidence against pulmonary embolsim. Although imperfectly randomized, the prophylactic use of low molecular weight dextran in this study did not decrease the incidence of pulmonary embolism. The pulmonary arteriogram proved a safe procedure in the elderly and should be used before therapy is initiated for suspected pulmonary embolism. PMID- 1124477 TI - Systolic slope and other pressure measurements in patients with peripheral vascular disease. AB - Measurements of systolic blood pressure at the ankle are of proved value for quantitating the severity of peripheral arterial disease. Preliminary results indicate that the measurements of the rate of rise of arterial pressure at the ankle divided by the pulse pressure in the arm is a much more sensitive measurement and is capable of detecting minor degrees of arterial stenosis. PMID- 1124478 TI - The results of cholecystostomy for the treatment of acute cholecystitis. AB - Six of 22 patients with acute cholecystitis who had a cholecystosomy died. All six deaths were attributed to cholangitis, none of the patients had undergone common bile duct decompression at the time of cholecystosomy. Cholecystostomy must be accompanied by choledochotomy in the treatment of acute suppurative cholangitis. Cholecystostomy is a safe procedure, can be performed rapidly, and is recommended in a select group of patients with acute cholangitis without jaundice or for clinical signs of cholangitis. PMID- 1124479 TI - Editorial: Individualizing treatment for the patient with cancer. PMID- 1124480 TI - Highly selective vagotomy with intraoperative acid secretive test of completeness of vagal section. AB - This technique of highly selective vagotomy with an intraoperative acid secretion test to determine completeness of vagal section is designed to demonstrate, on one hand, the vagal fibers which escaped section and, on the other hand, the exact lower limit of the acid-secreting parietal cell mass. PMID- 1124481 TI - A simple aid in greater saphenous phlebography. AB - During the last 32 months, we have used isometric contraction of the muscles of the lower extremities during saphenous phlebography for the purpose of improving the degree of opacification of the greater saphenous vein. Using this technique, acceptable visualization of the greater saphenous system may be obtained with minimal risk in over 90 per cent of the patients. PMID- 1124482 TI - Alterations in nerve cells and myelinated fibers in spinal cord injury. AB - The morphological alterations occurring in the primate spinal cord following acute nondisruptive trauma resulting in paraplegia were studied by light microscopy at intervals up to three months. Specimens were stained specifically for nerve cells, axon cylinders, myelin sheaths, and free fat. Hypoxic degenerative changes were observed in nerve cells. Initially these consisted of cytoplasmic vacuolation and dispersion of the Nissl substance followed by a progressive decrease in the size and the number of nerve cells seen. Simultaneously in the white matter traumatic degenerative changes were noted. At four and eight hours after injury, structures indicating the severance of axon cylinders and of myelin sheaths were observed. Although shearing of myelinated fibers by the mechanical impact of the injury is suggested, it is not possible in this study clearly to separate the development of alterations in the white matter from the changes occurring in the gray matter. PMID- 1124483 TI - Sinus pericranii with aneurysmal malformation of the internal cerebral vein. AB - A case of sinus pericranii is reported because of a previously unobserved clinical feature. There were associated anomalous dilated deep crebral veins and an aneurysmal venous malformation. Six years after the surgical occlusion of the sinus pericranii the aneurysmal malformation became thrombosed. PMID- 1124484 TI - The familial occurrence of glioma. AB - In a family with four children, an intracranial neoplasm developed in three of the siblings at or before the age of 12 years. Two of the tumors were hitologically verified gliomas and the third was diagnosed on ventriculography but did not have microscopic confirmation. One of the three siblings also had a presacral lipoma, and the fourth sibling developed a mediastinal cystic hydroma. There was no known history of brain tumors in any other family members, nor was there any evidence suggestive of neurofibromatosis. A careful examination of this family and an extensive review of other published cases of similar familial constellations of brain tumors reveal no definite pattern which would suggest a specific mode of inheritance. Careful documentation of familial aggregation of brain tumors is important in order to explore the genetic, environmental, demographic, and clinical features (such as associated extracranial tumors) that could serve to identify groups at high risk for the familial occurrence of brain tumors. PMID- 1124485 TI - Systemic metastases of medulloblastoma promoted by shunting. PMID- 1124486 TI - Brain stem abscess treated surgically. Wtih special note upon the employment of thorium dioxide. AB - A 10-year-old girl, with congenital heart disease, harboring a brain stem abscess, was recently treated at the UCLA Hospital. Needle aspirations of the abscess was performed through a posterior occipital craniectomy, and thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) was placed within the abscess cavity as a marker. Postoperatively, the patient improved temporarily but died 18 days later. Autopsy examination included radioactive analysis of brain and liver tissue. Radioautographs were superimposed on H&E preparations of the abscess wall to localize the extent of activity of the thorium dioxide. The unusual occurrence of this abscess in a young patient, clinically diagnosed and treated by operation, provided a rare opportunity to assess the problem of the surgical accessibility of brain stem abscess as well as to reevaluate a role for thorium dioxide as a marker for intracranial purulent collections. PMID- 1124487 TI - Tardy complete unilateral facial palsy after total removal of an acoustic neurinoma followed by spontaneous complete recovery of facial function. PMID- 1124488 TI - Aniseikonia: postscript or prologue? PMID- 1124489 TI - Editorial: Outpatient surgery---what are the indications for it? PMID- 1124490 TI - Editorial: The surgeon's work (load?). PMID- 1124491 TI - Effect of histamine on immunoreactive gastrin in gastric juice and in serum. AB - Due to recent reports claiming that gastrin is present in the gastric juice, the method for gastrin determination has been evaluated. Separate experiments showed that gastrin added to gastric juice disappears rapidly if the juice is not boiled or neutralized. A total of 82 patients with various abdominal disorders were examined. No or only a trace amount of gastrin was found in untreated, boiled, or boiled and neutralized gastric juice in every patient, including three patients with achlorhydria. Histamine injection (0.04 mg. per kilogram, subcutaneously) did not influence this and was without effect upon serum gastrin concentrations of nine duodenal ulcer patients. Because gastrin apparently is degraded rapidly by gastric juice, this study does not necessarily disprove that gastrin is secreted into the stomach. However, the virtual absence of gastrin in all specimens examined, including some collected directly upon boiling water bath during continuous gastric aspiration lends no support to this speculation. Because gastrin does not survive even a short exposure to gastric juice without degradation, we suggest that earlier reports on the presence of gastrin within the stomach are questionable. PMID- 1124492 TI - Observations by a James IV traveler on British surgical centers. AB - In Great Britain and Ireland there were many well-trained, technically excellent, clinical surgeons practicing the art of surgery in a system that guarantees an equitable and even distribution of quality care. University departments tended to be small but were very effective and stimulating units without the administrative and clinical burdens of a large teaching hospital. Surgical training programs were superb, but long, and continued to be molded by service requirements. Clinical research protocols were everywhere in evidence and were patient oriented, well controlled, and of the highest quality. Although there are several new impressive clinical plants, hospitals tended to be old and facilities somewhat dated. There are fewer intensive- and critical-care units than we have become accustomed to. As hosts, the British and Irish are unsurpassed as the most gracious, interesting, and educated people I know. PMID- 1124493 TI - Time utilization of a population of general surgeons in community practice. AB - A time-motion study was performed on a population of general surgeons in suburban community practice whose median weekly operative work load had been previously determined to be 3.1 hernia equivalents (HE). The mean observed 6 day working week of this population of general surgeons was found to be 34.5 hours, of which 28.7 hours were devoted to professional activities for the total work week of 44.3 hours. Thirty-five percent of the mean observed working week was spent in office activities and 50 percent spent in hospital activities. During the mean observed week, 18.5 hours (54 percent) were devoted to patient care, of which 16.5 hours were judged to be devoted to surgical care. Surgeons with above-median operative work loads in the previous study devoted 67 percent more time to professional activities and twice as much time to surgical activities as surgeons with below-median work loads. The findings support the hypothesis that there appears to be an underutilization of costly and highly specialized medical skills in the particular community and suggest that the HE methodology is a valid measure not only of the operative work of surgeons in community practice but of total time devoted to surgical care. PMID- 1124494 TI - Bile lakes in congenital biliary atresia. AB - During an 18 year period intrahepatic bile "lakes" were identified at postmortem examination in the hepatic parenchyma of six infants with intrahepatic biliary atresia and four infants with type C extrahepatic atresia. The bile lakes were located in the central portion of the liver and were not identified in any patients under 6 months of age. The lakes did not communicate with identifiable intrahepatic ducts in any of the six patients with intrahepatic atresia. Each of the four patients with type C extrahepatic atresia had a few ductal communications with the peripheral hepatic parenchyma. Bile lakes most likely represent dilated ductal remnants that contain inspissated secretions and cellular debris. They do not characterize potentially curable patients if the condition is associated with intrahepatic atresia. Bile lakes occur late in the course of the disease, beyond the age of 3 months, when irreversible hepatic damage occurs. Nonetheless all infants with biliary atresia should have a hepatic portoenterostomy or biliary-enteric anastomosis regarding the long-term prognosis after such operations. PMID- 1124495 TI - A simplified system for surgical operations: The economics of treating hernia. AB - This paper presents a cost analysis for herniorrhaphies as they are currently performed, as compared with a new plan. The current system utilizes hospital postoperative care. The new plan involves a different utilization of hospital facilities, personnel, drugs, supplies, and postoperative home care. Costs are considerably reduced under this new proposal. Projections reveal that implementation of the new plan with the same level of present expenditures could eliminate 75 percent of the present backlog of hernias over a 10 year time period. Although the cost and disease estimates derive from an experimental study conducted at the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, this model can help meet population health care needs in any country or geographic region by basing the system of services and facilities on epidemiologically derived disease prevalence and incidence rates. PMID- 1124496 TI - Na+ minus K+ transport and adenosine nucleotides in the lung in hemorrhagic shock. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effects of hemorrhagic shock on cellular energy production and utilization in the lung. Energy-dependent Na+ minus K+ transport was measured by quantitating tissue cation changes during a cold (0.5 degrees C.) and a subsequent warm (37 degrees C.) incubation of lung slices from rats in late hemorrhagic shock and from unbled control rats. Active Na+ extrusion and K+ reaccumulation by the tissue were observed upon rewarming of lung slices from shock animals. Whereas K+ reaccumulation was not altered with shock, the rate of Na+ extrusion was approximately 40 percent higher. The measurement of the intracellular water content with cold and warm incubations showed no alterations with shock. Extracellular water increased with chilling in shock tissue but not in normal tissue. Lung tissue contents of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine disphosphate, or adenosine monophosphate were likewise unaltered. Thus cellular energy utilization or production in the lung was not damaged by hemorrhagic shock but a tendency toward increased interstitial water seemed to be present. PMID- 1124498 TI - Depression of human myocardial contractility with "respiratory" and "metabolic" acidosis. AB - The effect of a similar degree of "respiratory" and "metabolic" acidosis was studied in seven isolated in vitro human pectinate muscles and eight ventricular muscle bundles. Either "respiratory" or "metabolic" acidosis (from 7.36 plus or minus 0.03 to 7.01 plus or minus 0.02 and 6.98 plus or minus 0.03, respectively) depressed in vitro contractility in human atrial or ventricular muscle to a similar extent. Previous contradictory responses of myocardial tissue to alterations in pH appear to be the result of species differences. PMID- 1124497 TI - Hepatic regeneration in the absence of portal viscera. AB - In an effort to investigate the influence of portal factors on hepatic regeneration in the rat and to clarify glucagon's apparent regulatory role, a rat preparation was developed which was totally devoid of portal viscera and thus deficient in all possible hepatotrophic substances of portal origin. It was found that, following partial hepatectomy, such an eviscerate rat was able to undergo hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, but the peak DNA synthetic response was significantly delayed by such portal deprivation. As demonstrated by a group of rats with intact portal viscera, but with a portacaval shunt, reduction of blood supply to the hepatic remnant by diversion of portal flow accounted for only a portion of the delay. The remainder of the delay encountered in the eviscerate group was attributed to the deprivation of specific portal substances. Since glucagon supplementation administered to the deficient eviscerate animal restored peak DNA synthesis to the time of its appropriate shunted control, this hepatotrophic substance is a major portal factor modifying the response to partial hepatectomy. Evidence is cited which suggests that glucagon's influence on DNA synthesis is mediated through the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and subsequent histone phosphorylation. PMID- 1124499 TI - In vitro demonstration of cryosurgical augmentation of tumor immunity. AB - C57B1 mice bearing methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas (MCA-10) and receiving a single cryosurgical treatment to those tumors showed significantly greater humoral and lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity to MCA-10 target cells than did untreated tumor-bearing animals or mice which had undergone tumor amputation. Sera and lymphocytes from normal animals receiving crycosurgery demonstrated no immunity to the MCA-10 target cells. Specific immunity to the MCA-10 line following tumor cryosurgery was demonstrated since lymphocytes and sera from cryosurgically treated tumor-bearing mice were not cytotoxic to a different methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (MCAP) in C57 mice or a malignant melanoma (S91) being transferred in Balb/C mice. It can be concluded that cryosurgical treatment of the MCA-10 sarcoma does not produce heightened immunity to H-2 transplantation antigens, nor does it nonspecifically stimulate the immune system. Instead, the result of tumor cryosurgery appears to be a boosting of the immune response to the tumor-specific antigens of the sarcoma. PMID- 1124500 TI - Hemodynamics within a canine femoral arteriovenous fistula. AB - Blood flow and pressures around a canine femoral arteriovenous fistula, constructed from an autogenous carotid artery, were measured to determine the pressure-flow relationships within the fistula, as well as to determine the presence or absence of retrograde flow in the distal artery and vein. The findings indicate that retrograde arterial flow occurs only when the proximal femoral artery is occluded and, even then, the contribution to fistula flow is small and well below control femoral arterial flow. Retrograde distal venous flow is negligible. Pressure within the fistula is high at the arterial end but is rapidly dissipated across the loop fistula to equal systemic venous pressure on the venous side. Modest distal venous hypertension accompanies this type of fistula. For these reasons, a loop-type, arteriovenous fistula is preferable to other types of fistulas for most clinical surgical indications. PMID- 1124502 TI - Complete occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta: management and results in 64 patients. AB - Sixty-four patients with complete occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta were reviewed. The clinical findings, diagnostic procedures, and surgical management are described. Sixty-one patients underwent thromboendarterectomy and bypass grafts from the infrarenal abdominal aorta to the iliac or common femoral arteries. Because purulent material was found in the retroperitoneum of two patients, the proximal anastomosis was performed to the descending thoracic aorta in one patient and to the upper abdominal aorta in the other. One patient underwent thromboendarterectomy and patch graft angioplasty. The hospital mortality rate was 4.6 percent. Sixty-one patients discharged from the hospital were followed (average length of follow-up was 37 months). There were three late deaths (4.9 percent). Two patients have had occlusion of one limb of their bypass grafts and, along with four others, have developed recurrent symptoms of vascular insufficiency of the lower extremities. These symptoms were due to progressive atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the distal arterial tree for which additional distal procedures were required. PMID- 1124501 TI - Parathyroid cysts: Functional and mediastinal. AB - A report of a functioning mediastinal parathyroid cyst is presented with a review of the world literature. This represents the tenth functional, eleventh mediastinal, and third functioning mediastinal parathyroid cyst reported. The predilection of functional cysts for aberrant locations would suggest on hypothesis of their occurrence by degeneration of pre-existing adenomas based on an inadequacy of their blood supply. The criteria for ascribing functional activity to a parathyroid cyst are presented and discussed. PMID- 1124503 TI - Letter: Solitary rectal ulcer. PMID- 1124504 TI - Editorial: Early repair of anorectal abnormalities. PMID- 1124505 TI - Lack of effect of an experimental prepaid group practice on utilization of surgical care. AB - The utilization of surgical care in an experimental period group practice for a 3 year period is reported. In contrast to what was expected, prepaid enrollees used the same or more surgical care than did control enrollees. The same proportion of emergency, urgent, and nonurgent admissions, occurred in both groups. Likewise there was no difference in the proportion of various procedures often thought to be overutilized in the traditional medical care system. High quality of surgical care in the area where the study was conducted was considered the most likely explanation for failure to show differences in the prepaid growth practice. Few, if any, unnecessary operations were performed in either group studied. Thus, under the conditions of this study, no significant measurable effect on surgical utilization by a change in the method of medical care organization and payment could be demonstrated. PMID- 1124506 TI - The dispensable right ventricle. AB - The historical development of the concept that an anatomic ventricle is not needed for the pulmonary circulation is reviewed. The application of this idea to surgical treatment of congenital heart disease has culminated in atriopulmonary bypass for tricuspid atresia, an operation that relieves cyanosis and creates a functionally normal circulation, but which may have late risk due to arrhythmias or valve failure. PMID- 1124508 TI - The early acidosis of burns: its relationship to extent of burn and management. AB - Acid-base studies were carried out on 76 consecutive burn patients admitted within 36 hours of injury. Admission blood pH and base excess (BE) values all decreased in a linear relationship to the extent of the burn. Blood Pco-2 changes were unrelated to the extent of the burn. Significant acidosis developed within 2 hours of burn injury. Base requirements for the first two 24 hour periods after burn were linearly proportional to the extent of burn. Base requirements for these two periods were determined and were expressed as: (1) base needed the first 24 hours (milliequivalents per kilogram) equals percent of body surface burned/8; and (2) base needed the second 24 hours (milliequivalents per kilogram) equals base needed the first 24 hours/4. These formulas were found to work satisfactorily in a prospectively treated series of patients. PMID- 1124507 TI - Free-water clearance patterns as predictors and therapeutic guides in acute renal failure. AB - Sequential changes in renal function were studied in a series of 114 postoperative patients who developed acute renal failure. The loss of concentrating ability, manifest by a change from strongly negative free-water clearances to values near zero, occurred 24 to 48 hours before the onset of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine elevations. In 15 patients a transient period of positive free-water clearance was documented just before these values approached zero. Criteria were proposed for early diagnosis of acute renal failure (ARF) based upon description of the temporal pattern of free-water clearance values. The loss of concentration ability occurred with decreased urinary Na+ concentration unless patients were given large amounts of saline solution prior to the development of ARF. This was followed by gradually increasing urinary Na+ concentrations. Changes in K+ concentrations were not significant until the late stage of renal failure. Recovery patterns in 46 of these patients who survived demonstrated an early return of negative free-water clearance followed by gradually decreasing BUN and serum creatinine values. During this period recovery of the ability of Na reabsorption and excretion of K+ was indicated by decreased urinary Na+ concentrations and increased urinary K+ concentrations. PMID- 1124509 TI - The negative feedback mechanism of gastric acid secretion: Significance of acid in the gastric juice in man and dog. AB - As reported previously, gastrin-stimulated gastric secretion in the dog and in man was suppressed by an intravenous infusion of secretin, These results, both in the dog and in man, also were obtained by introduction of acid into the duodenum, which indicated that both endogenous and exogenous secretion inhibit gastrin stimulated gastric secretion at the oxyntic cell level. Feeding a test meal in man gave rise to an increase of plasma gastrin, reaching a peak of 120 pg. per milliliter at 15 minutes after feeding and remaining above control level for 2 to 3 hours. Is was found that plasma gastrin was suppressed greatly during the intravenous infusion of pure secretin. In animal experiments endogenous gastrin release produced by irrigation of the antral pouch also inhibited both endogenous and exogenous secretin. These results indicate that secretin inhibits gastrin release at the G-cell level in the antrum. On the other hand, it also was observed that endogenous gastrin release ceased when the pH of the perfusate dropped below 2.5. The following conclusions are drawn from the above findings. (1) Gastrin release is suppressed primarily by direct contact of acid with the antrum. The feedback mechanism in this case operates intraluminally in the stomach. (2) The low pH content of the stomach stimulates the release of secretin from the duodenum. The secretin released in this way not only inhibits gastric acid secretion at the oxyntic cell secretin released in this way not only inhibits gastric acid secretion at the oxyntic cell secretin released of gastrin at the G-cell level in the antrum. The level but also blocks the release of gastrin at the G-cell level in the antrum. The feedback mechanism brought about by acid of gastric origin occurs through the general circulation. PMID- 1124510 TI - Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism, kidney stones, and idiopathic hypercalciuria. AB - Eighty-four patients with recurrent kidney stones, serum calcium levels in the upper normal quartile, and most of whom with hypercalciuria had their parathyroids surgically explored. Parathyroid adenomata were found in 19 patients, hyperplasia in 39, and normal parathyroids in 26. Postoperatively there was a significant fall in serum calcium and urinary calcium excretion in all three groups. At clinical follow-up 2 to 5 years postoperatively there was no case of kidney stone recurrence among the adenoma patients. In the hyerplasia group there were recurrences tn 25 percent. The corresponding figure for the patients with normal parathyroids was 48 percent. The concept of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism and the relationship between this syndrome and idiopathic hypercalciuria are discussed. Some prinicpal therapeutic measures are recommended. PMID- 1124511 TI - Perineal anal transplant in anorectal malformation in female patients. AB - Results of perineal anal transplant in 25 patients with anorectal malformations in female children have been analyzed. The present study shows that the operation is ill advised in patients with intermediate anomalies but can be undertaken safely in patients with low anomalies. In our series best results were obtained when the transplant was performed in patients who were past 5 years of age. Colostomy, though helpful in reducing the severity of the immediate complications, does not influence the late results. PMID- 1124512 TI - The effect of carbenoxolone on changes in canine and human gastric mucosa caused by taurocholate and ethanol. AB - The effect of carbenoxolone on taurocholate-induced changes in gastric mucosal permeabiity was assessed in three dogs, each of which was prepared with an antrectomy and a vagally denervated gastric pouch. Perfusion of the canine pouches with sodium taurocholate (40 mM) was associated with an increase in hydrogen ion back diffusion. This effect was not diminished by 10 days of carbenoxolone treatment. The effect of carbenoxolone on ethanol-induced changes in gastric mucosal permeability was assessed in six normal human subjects. A significant increase of gastric mucosal permeability was observed in six normal human subjects after instillation of ethanol (20 percent v/v). After 3 weeks of oral ingestion of carbenoxolone, there was inconsistent protection against ethanol-induced increases in gastric mucosal permeability. Basal secretion of hydrogen ion and postethanol hydrogen ion secretion appear to be diminished by carbenoxolone. These studies suggest that carbenoxolone does not protect against taurocholate- and ethanol-induced increases in gastric mucosal permeability in the dog and in man. It seems unlikely that carbenoxolone exerts its beneficial effect on the healing of gastric ulcers in man by an effect on gastric mucosal permeability. PMID- 1124513 TI - A new appliance for the premature or newborn baby with an intestinal stoma. PMID- 1124514 TI - Excision of infected aortic bifurcation graft and axillofemoral bypass: case report. PMID- 1124515 TI - Letter: Venous stasis. PMID- 1124516 TI - Letter: Computer logic programs. PMID- 1124517 TI - Letter: Doppler studies outside the United States. PMID- 1124518 TI - Radiological case of the month. PMID- 1124519 TI - The use of nonabsorbable sutures. PMID- 1124520 TI - The insanity defense in Maryland. PMID- 1124521 TI - Does the type of treatment make a difference? PMID- 1124522 TI - Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 1124523 TI - Congenital intrapericardial aneurysms of the left atrium. AB - A patient with congenital intrapericardial aneurysm/diverticulum of the left atrium diagnosed preoperatively is described. A review of the 16 previously reported cases revealed that the majority of the patients present with palpitation and are found to have an abnormal cardiac shadow on chest radiography, as did this patient. The aneurysm appears to cause systemic emboli and paroxysmal or persistent atrial tachyarrhythmias which are often resistant to medical therapy. The presence of the aneurysm is suggested by an abnormal contour of the left cardiac border in the postero-anterior chest radiograph and this can be confirmed by angiocardiography. Surgical excision of the aneurysm is indicated in all patients to prevent the occurrence or recurrence of systemic emboli and atrial arrhythmias. Our patient has remained free of symptoms since her operation 14 months ago. PMID- 1124524 TI - Chylothorax after high translumbar aortography. AB - Two patients who had high translumbar aortograms for suspected arterial disease developed shortness of breath 48 hours after aortography and were found to have chylothoraces. Conservative management was initially adopted for both, but surgery had to be resorted to, although the first patient died before arriving in the operating theatre. The literature and the management of this condition are reviewed. PMID- 1124525 TI - Isolated chylopericardium due to mediastinal lymphangiomatous hamartoma;. AB - Isolated chylopericardium is a rare cause of pericardial effusion. Intrapericardial chyle was first noticed by Hasebroek (1888) at necropsy. Twenty years ago Groves and Effler (1954) first reported a clinical case of isolated chylopericardium. The present case is similar to theirs in several respects, and is the nineteenth case to be reported. To our knowledge this is the first British report of an isolated chylopericardium and is the fourth case of isolated chylopericardium due to a mediastinal lymphangiomatous hamartoma to be successfully treated. PMID- 1124526 TI - Left ventricular to right atrial shunt resulting from infective endocarditis. AB - A unique case is described in which infective endocarditis of the aortic valve led to intractable heart failure and necropsy examination showed that the patient had developed a communication between the left ventricle and right atrium. PMID- 1124527 TI - Tumours of the thymic region. Symptomatology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. AB - Fifty-three patients operated on between 1952 and 1971 were originally diagnosed as having thymoma. Re-examination of the material shows that only half of these tumours were true thymomas. The rest were classified as malignant lymphomas, primary and secondary carcinomas, and a few haemangiomas. Half of the patients had symptoms at the time of diagnosis. However, in half of the asymptomatic cases the tumours had penetrated the capsule. Decisive in prognosis are the macroscopic findings around the capsule. Of 33 patients with infiltration of the capsule, 30 had died at the time of investigation. Twenty-five patients died within two years of operation, Twenty-five patients had thymomas, of which 14 were well defined. Twelve patients with thymomas suffered from myasthenia gravis. The treatment of choice of thymoma is total excision, if necessary enbloc, and if there is penetration of the capsule, radiotherapy should be given. None of the patients with a well-defined thymoma had died from their tumour while only two patients with infiltrating thymomas are still alive, Of eight patients with Hodgkin's disease located in the thymus, six had penetration of the capsule, and of these only one patient is still alive. Two patients with well-defined tumours are both alive. The treatment of localized Hodgkin's disease is excision and irradiation. The prognosis for patients with other malignant tumours was bad, the mean time of survival being less than six months. PMID- 1124528 TI - Surgical correction of pectus excavatum using a retrosternal bar. AB - Pectus excavatum is a progressive congenital deformity for which surgical correction is an established procedure. The method of correction using a stainless steel retrosternal bar to maintain the sternum elevated is, in our experience, the most successful procedure. Successful surgical correction usually requires resection of all deformed costal cartilages with transverse osteotomy of the anterior table of the sternum and internal fixation using a bar anterior to the rib cage but behind the sternum. In the last 13 years 118 patients with this deformity have been evaluated and 72 patients have been surgically corrected by the described procedure. Of these 72 patients, 65 (90 percent) have had excellent or good cosmetic and functional results. The best results were obtained when the child was operated on between the ages of 6 and 10 years, the poorest results in those operated on under the age of 3 or over the age of 20. For a satisfactory result the bar must be left in for at least six months; the best results were obtained in those patients in whom the bar was left in for at least one year. No serious complications have followed the use of this technique. PMID- 1124529 TI - Re-expansion pulmonary oedema. AB - Clinical details are given of two patients who developed ipsilateral pulmonary oedema following re-expansion of their spontaneous pneumothoraces by intercostal drainage of air. The possible mechanisms underlying the oedema are discussed, and prior literature is analysed. Reference is made particularly to its predictability and to precautions recommended to minimize the frequency of this potentially fatal complication in the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 1124530 TI - Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in an industrial population in North India. AB - A survey for the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in an industrial population in North India is reported. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis is 12.5 percent in 473 subjects between the ages of 17 and 64 years. The prevalence rate of chronic bronchitis is comparable to that observed in areas of low community air pollution in Europe and North America. There is no age-related rise in the frequency of respiratory symptoms. The consumption of tobacco in these subjects is low and is comparable to tobacco consumption of light smokers. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis in smokers is five times the prevalence in non-smokers and is similar to the values reported for light smokers in other surveys. These observations suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with the development of chronic bronchitis, and the differences in the prevalence rate of chronic bronchitis between this survey and other surveys conducted in Europe and North America are mainly due to differences in smoking habits. Air pollution has a minor effect only and ethnic differences do not appear to play any part. Forced expired volume in one second shows a negative correlation with age. It is lower in asymptomatic smokers than in non-smokers and is lower in chronic bronchitis than in controls. PMID- 1124531 TI - Absorption of ampicillin from the human lung. AB - The absorption of ampicillin from the lungs after intratracheal administration was studied in a healthy human. Doses of 50 mg, 250 mg, and 1,250 mg were given by intratracheal injection, and absorption of ampicillin from the lungs was assessed by measuring plasma levels, the area under the plasma level-time curve, and urinary excretion. All these indices of absorption increased with the dose of ampicillin. An intratracheal dose of 100 mg of probenecid together with 250 mg of ampicillin failed to reduce the absorption of ampicillin from the lungs. The uptake of ampicillin by human foetal bronchial slices in vitro was also studied; although viable, they did not accumulate ampicillin. These preliminary results suggest that ampicillin is absorbed from the lungs by passive diffusion. PMID- 1124532 TI - A trial of oral delta-1-(trans)-tetrahydrocannabinol in reversible airways obstruction. AB - Sixteen patients with proven reversible airways obstruction were admitted to a double-blind study to compare the bronchodilator effects of oral delta-1-(trans) tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-1-THC) and salbutamol. Measurements of forced vital capacity, forced expired volume in one second, peak expiratory flow rate, and maximum expiratory flow rate at 50 percent vital capacity after 10 mg oral delta 1-THC did not differ significantly from the effect of placebo, whereas increases after salbutamol were significant. Analyses of mood, pulse rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram showed no important changes after oral delta-1-THC. In vitro studies with isolated tracheal muscle indicate that the activity of delta-1 THC is 1,000 times less than the equivalent dose of isoprenaline, and the effect of delta-1-THC is not abolished by beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents. It is concluded that oral delta-1-THC, at a dose of 10 mg, does not produce clinically significant bronchodilatation in patients with reversible airways obstruction. PMID- 1124533 TI - Serial measurement of plasma cortisol in lung cancer. AB - Serial plasma cortisol estimations were carried out in 81 male lung cancer patients and in a control group of 50 male subjects with conditions other than lung cancer. It was found that group mean plasma cortisol levels, both in the morning and in the afternoon, were greater in the lung cancer patients than in the no-cancer control group. However, long-term assessment four years after the beginning of the study showed that high plasma cortisol levels were found predominantly in cancer patients within six months of death. If such patients are excluded from the study, there is no significant difference in group mean plasma cortisol levels between male lung cancer patients and a male control group. PMID- 1124534 TI - Pleural effusion in sarcoidosis: a report of six cases. AB - Six (4 percent) of 150 patients with sarcoidosis had a pleural effusion. A review of the literature revealed seven more patients with pleural sarcoidosis. Analysis of the 13 patients reported so far did not reveal any clinical, radiological, or laboratory feature which may be of diagnostic significance. The diagnosis of pleural sarcoidosis was based on clinical or radiographic grounds and histological evidence of noncaseating granulomata. In three of the patients pleural fluid resolved spontaneously; the other three were treated with corticosteroids. It is suggested that pleural involvement in sarcoidosis, especially in Negroes, may be more frequent than is generally realized and the effusion may occur either at the time of initial presentation or later in the course of the disease. PMID- 1124535 TI - The toxicity of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for the dog, pig, rat and rabbit. AB - Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was tested for oral toxicity in rats and dogs, and dermal toxicity in rabbits and pigs. Oral administration was by gastric intubation as a 50% equeous solution, 5 days/week at levels equivalent to 9.0, 3.0 or 1.0 ml undiluted DMSO/hg/day. For dermal application 50% and 90% equeous solutions were used to give levels equivalent to 8.1, 4.5, 2.7 or 1.5 ml DMSO/hg/day, as one daily application for rabbits, and divided into two applications/day for pigs. Dogs were dosed for approximately 2 years and pigs for 1 year, although half the animals of both species were dosed for only 18 weeks. Rats were dosed for 18 months, but some were used for interim sacrifice after a year. Rabbits received applications to normal and abraded skin for 6 months. Minor changes in bodyweight and haematological values were observed, together with a physiological diuretic response to DMSO, but the target organ was the eye, principally the lenticular nucleus. Ocular effects in dogs started after 5-10 weeks dosing at 9 ml/kg and consisted of central (nuclear) lens changes with alteration of the refractive index (myopia); transitory equatorial opacities during the 5th month; central (nuclear) opalescence; and changes in the vitreous humour. Similar changes occurred more slowly at 3 ml/kg, the alterations to the vitreous being first observed after 9-10 months at this level. Progressive nuclear refractive changes occurred after dosing for considerably longer than 6 months at 1ml/kg, but none of the animals in this group manifested the opalescence. Biochemical investigation of the lenses revealed reduction of soluble protein (mainly alpha-crystallin), glutathione and water levels, and an increase of insoluble protein. Evidence of recovery was limited mainly to a reduction in the number of dioptres needed to correct nuclear refractive change. Cessation of dosing led to regression of refractive nuclear changes but did not prevent the appearance of opalescence at 3 ml/kg and above. Dogs were the most severely affected of the 4 species, with nuclear effects at 1ml/kg, extensive changes in the lens, and involvement of the vitreous. Pigs and rabbits were affected by dose levels of 2.7 ml/kg and 1.5 ml/kg respectively. Rats occasionally showed minimal changes at 9 ml/kg. The importance of the findings in dogs is discussed in relation to general toxicological protocols. It is emphasised that reversibility of signs, and adequate duration of administration, must both be considered when ascertaining whether changes occur at levels approximating to those of human intake. PMID- 1124536 TI - Comparative histopathological effects of aflatoxin B1 and palmotoxins B0 and G0 on some organs of different strains of the newly hatched chick (Gallus domesticus). AB - Aflatoxin B1 and palmotoxin B0 are equitoxic to the developing chick-embryo (Gallus domesticus) whilst palmotoxin G0 is relatively non-toxic. Toxic lesions are present in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, brain and cartilage in varying severities. The liver and skeletal muscle show fatty change and toxic myositis, respectively. Lesions in the heart, brain and cartilage are relatively mild. The endocardial cushion-like plaques at the base of the atrioventricular valves are lesions peculiar to aflatoxin B1 and palmotoxin B0-induced cardiac damage. It appears that these mycotoxins are not selectively tissue specific in inducing organ damage in the chick-embryo. An ultrastructural study of these lesions in the chick and other species may help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the toxicity of these mycotoxins which are suspected to be very potent human hepatocarcinogens in certain parts of the tropics. Their acute phase effects in man are, however, unknown. PMID- 1124537 TI - Effects of prenatal administration of acetylsalicylic acid in rats. AB - Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) administration (200 mg/kg/day) during the last six days of pregnancy in the rat has been observed to result in: (a) a prolongation of the duration of pregnancy; (b) a prolongation of the parturition time; (c) the appearance, in some individuals, of dystocia with possible secondary death of foetuses in utero. PMID- 1124538 TI - Toxicity of aerosol propellants in the respiratory and circulatory systems. VIII. Respiration and circulation in primates. AB - The low-pressure propellants influence predominantly the circulation, whereas the high pressure propellants affect the respiration in anesthetized monkeys. There are four groups according to the level of toxicity: Class 1, low-pressure propellants of high toxicity that cause tachycardia and hypotension; Class 2, low pressure propellants of intermediate toxicity that influence either circulation or respiration or both; Class 3, high-pressure propellants of intermediate toxicity that cause bronchoconstriction; and Class 4, high-pressure propellants of low toxicity that do not influence respiration or circulation even when inhaled at levels of up to 20 percent concentration. PMID- 1124539 TI - Skin deposition and penetration of trichlorocarbanilide. AB - Studies are reported on the localization and quantitative distribution of 3,4,4' trichloro[14C]carbanilide([14C]TCC) in guinea-pig and human skin, and on the percutaneous absorption of TCC following topical application to guinea pigs. [14C]TCC was applied to guinea-pig skin in various vehicles (conventional, superfatted, 10 percent non-soap detergent (NSD) and 30 percent NSD soap suspensions or in N,N-dimethylformamide [DMF]) and under various conditions (e.g. freshly prepared or equilibrated suspensions; single or multiple washes). Most of the amount of TCC remaining in the skin after rinsing was deposited on the skin surface and only relatively minute amounts actually penetrated through the epidermis into the dermis. Whereas conventional soap facilitated a greater deposition of TCC on the skin surface than NSD, the latter caused greater amounts of TCC to be deposited in the pilosebaceous system and lower dermis than conventional soap. The absence of TCC in the blood and tissues of guinea pigs given topical applications of TCC lends further support to the very low order of percutaneous absorption of TCC. The localisation of TCC followed a similar pattern in human skin as in guinea-pig skin, but the amount deposited was less and the rate of disappearance was more for human than for guinea-pig skin. PMID- 1124540 TI - Uptake of carbon monoxide in blood of miniture pigs and other mammals. AB - Different affinities of blood for CO were observed in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Hamsters showed the greatest relative affinity (1.0), the corresponding value for rats was 0.8, for pigs 0.74 and for rabbits 0.58. The upward shift of the saturation curves was dependent on the rate of respiratory exchange per unit of body weight, e.g. the curves were less steep for pigs than for rabbits. After increased motor activity the equilibrium saturation of CO in blood is reached more rapidly. From the results of in vitro experiments the following affinity constants for the blood of different species could be calculated: pig K = 130, hamster K = 181, rat I = 141, rabbit K = 109. For equal atmospheric CO concentrations the saturation values were lower (37-40%) in experiments in vitro than in vivo. Similar saturation values were obtained with light excluded, when O2 concentration was decreased to the level of alveolar oxygen concentration. With regard to the affinity of blood for CO, the blood of domestic pigs did not differ from that of minature pigs in in vitro experiments. PMID- 1124541 TI - Long-term feeding study on disodium 5-ribonucleotide in dogs. AB - Groups of 4 male and 4 female Beagle dogs were fed for 2 years on diets containing 0 (control), 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0%, respectively, of disodium 5' ribonucleotide (a 50 : 50 mixture of disodium 5'-inosinate and disodium 5' guanylate). The mean daily intakes of the 3 test groups ranged during the experiment from 0.04-0.03, 0.48-0.26 and 0.93-0.51 g/kg, respectively. No effects attributable to treatment were found in mortality, food consumption, water consumption, bodyweight gain, ophthalmoscopy, clinical signs, haematology, serum chemistry (other than allantoin levels), organ weights, macroscopic pathology or histology, Small differences were observed between mean values in treatment and control dogs for serum allantoin but there was no indication of any persistent significant difference throughout the 2-year study. In a 6-week preliminary test, dietary levels of up to 10% disodium 5'-ribonucleotide were without detectable adverse effect upon beagle dogs of either sex. PMID- 1124543 TI - Multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 1124542 TI - [Toxicity by relay. II. A method for the asessment of safety to human consumers of carbadox, a growth-promoting additive to the feed of slaughter pigs]. AB - A toxicity by relay. II. A method for the assessment of safety to human consumers of carbadox, a growth-promoting additive to the feed of slaughter pigs. A new methodology called "toxicity by relay" has been used to assess the potential hazard to humans of incorporating an additive into animal feeds. This methodology considers a farm-reared animal as a "relay" between the food additive and the human consumer, and employs laboratory animals as "pseudo-consumers". These laboratory animals are fed throughout their entire lives with the meat or organs of the "relay" animals which have been reared on feeds supplemented with various levels of the additive. In the present study, the toxicity of carbadox was assessed in this way. In pigs, where it is used as a growth promoter, carbadox is metabolised into serveal different products, and so an assessment of its safety using traditional methods of studying the toxicity of a substance and tis known metabolites, would perhaps be subject to error. A safety factor for man, in relation to the safety factors for rats and dogs, was calculated using (a) the comparative consumption of the laboratory animals and man; (b) an assessment of the highest dosage likely to be consumed in normal circumstances compared to the laboratory dosage, and (c) the consideration that in the laboratory there is no period of withdrawal from feeding before sacrifice as is the case with animals for slaughter. Pigs were used as "relays" in the present study by supplementing their feed with carbadox. The meat and/or livers of these animals were then fed daily to (a) rats for a period of 3 generations; (b) rats for 24-25 months, and (c) dogs for 60 months. No abnormalities were observed at the termination of the experiments. We may therefore conclude that there is no hazard for the human consumer from the use of carbadox as a pig-feed additive. PMID- 1124544 TI - Socioeconomic mortality differentials. PMID- 1124545 TI - Outlook for household growth. PMID- 1124546 TI - Accident death toll drops sharply in 1974. PMID- 1124547 TI - Trends in expected family size in the United States. PMID- 1124548 TI - Hospitalization of Metropolitan employees in 1973. PMID- 1124549 TI - [Indications for and results of percutaneous radiotherapy of malignant melanoma]. AB - Malignant melanomas may develop from naevoblasts by way of the junctional naevus; from melanoblasts by way of melanocytes or by way of melanosis circumscripta praeblastomatosa. It is reasonably certain that there is no direct malignant degeneration of a naevus-cell-naevus as a result of acute or chronic irritation, but most authors reject sample excision nevertheless. Malignant melanomas from naevoblasts are relatively insensitive to radiation and dangerous, whereas those developing from melanoblasts are relatively sensitive to radiation and grow slowly. Melanomas which have developed on an unchanged skin are critical because they metastasize fast and take a rapid course. 29% of 237 stage-I patients out of a total of 680 developed metastases during the first year following surgery and irradiation, and 14% after 2-9 years. Radical removal of lymph nodes results in congestion combined with oedema, and involves the risk of melanoma cells being carried into the perilymphatic tissue. Early irradiation of regions involving metastatic risk seems to be preferable over idssection of lymph nodes. Experience has shown that surgery preceded and followed by radiotherapy, and additional surgical or radiological treatment of regional lymph-nodes should be recommended at this time. Evidence concerning the effects of endolymphatic, cytostatic, and immunotherapy is as yet incomplete. The five-year survival rate in state I is said to be 71% following surgery, up to 80% following irradiation and subsequent surgery, up to 78% following surgery and subsequent radiotherapy, and up to 72% following radiotherapy alone. Survival rates are about 14% higher following surgery and electron irradiation. PMID- 1124550 TI - [Irradiation of spinal processes in childhood using a lead plexiglass stencil]. PMID- 1124551 TI - [The influence of high-frequency hyperthermia on Ehrlich-ascites carcinoma in the mouse]. AB - On 988 NMRI-mice the influence of a single high-frequency hyperthermia of differing intensity in the decimeter-wave field was investigated regarding the course of the Ehrlich's-ascites carcinoma. The application of high frequency (461,04 MHz) was made with an electrode on an induction field of 3,8 cm diameter, and covers the whole peritoneal cavity. No significant prolongation of the survival time was achieved, neither by increasing the intensity up to the final rectal temperature of 40 degrees-43 degrees C, nor by selecting different therapeutic periods during the growth of the tumor (1, 3, 6, and 10 days after inoculation). In contrast to local tumors which can be cured solely by high frequency treatment in the chosen model of a generalized tumor (in which the tumor tissue cannot be separated), no significant therapeutic effect can be reached by sole thermotherapy--not even with the risk of extremous therapy induced complication rates. An interesting field for research seems to exist as to what extent tumor proliferation kinetics can be influenced by high frequency. PMID- 1124552 TI - [Effect of high-dose preoperative intracavitary radiotherapy on uterine size and early operability in patients with corpus carcinoma]. AB - 22 patients with corpus carcinoma were treated by intracavitary irradiation by the after-loading technique (Cathetron) during three sessions separated by one week intervals. The weeks after radiotherapy, hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo oophorectomy were performed. Changes in uterine size were observed during and after radiotherapy with the help of an uterine probe and by ultrasound-B examination. The uterus was found to increase in size during radiotherapy. Measurement with the probe showed an average longitudinal increase of 1.2 cm, whereas ultrasonic examination revealed an increase in length by 1.7 cm and an anteroposterior distension of the fundus uteri by 0.9 cm. No technical difficulties were encountered during early surgery preceded by radiotherapy. Ehin, readily removable adhesions were found in six cases, and symptoms of irritation were seen in the rectal wall and in the peritoneum in one. No postoperative complications occurred in any of the patients. PMID- 1124553 TI - [Dose distribution and irradiation technique in the radiotherapy of breast cancer stage I]. AB - A method for homogenous irradiation of the breast by means of opposite standing fields, with the use of wedge filters, is described here. The field is focussed so that the interior thoracic wall under symmetric position of the mamma is still completely situated in the irradiation field, and the lateral area of the ray beam passes 1-2 cm into the pulmonary tissue. On a series of typical breast models, made under consideration of the irradiation position, the isodose distributions were determined by film-dosimetry. The therapeutically most important 80%-isodose corresponds in practically every case with the mamma contour. Peak doses or areas of underdosage were not observed. The thoracic wall is still exposed to about 75% of the maximum dose. In order to reach a more accurate irradiation by the desired maximum dose of, for example, 250 r, the deviation of which does not exceed plus or minus 7%, it is necessary, at the beginning of an irradiation series, to use ionisation chamber measurements with an intensifying hood on the surface of the mamma, 1.5 cm above the border of the field. In the case of lateral irradiation, the measurement need only be made laterally, in medial irradiation it is only necessary on the medial side. The portion of the dose affecting the opposite field on the measuring place can be calculated by the use of depth dose tables. From the values so gained the desired maximum dose within the mamma may be ascertained by multiplication by the factor 1.03. PMID- 1124554 TI - [Experiences with radioactive phosphorus therapy in cases of polycythemia vera (author's transl)]. AB - Retrospective studies were carried out in 52 patients with polycythemia vera who were treated with radioactive phosphorus (32-P) over periods ranging between 4 and 24 years. Control of hematopoiesis was achieved in all patients. Duration of the remission induced differed considerably in the individual patients. Mean remission lasted 3-4 years. After 13 years of 32-P treatment, the mean duration of remission lengthened due to gradual transition of some cases into "spent" polycythemia. The mean annual dose of 32-P was about 2.4 mCi. In patients with long-term remissions, the dose accumulated per year was markedly less. These patients probably represent optimal preconditions for 32-P therapy. Mean survival was 12.5 years. The majority of the patients died from thorombo-embolie events or hemorrhage; incidence of acute leukemia was about 4%. PMID- 1124555 TI - Aspects of timing and selection of cases in radioiodine therapy and percutaneous irradiation of well differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - 142 patients with well differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid were treated postoperatively by radioiodine and percutaneous irradiation according to a fixed schedule. Institution of radioiodine treatment and percutaneous irradiation within 6 months after surgery resulted in a low incidence of local tumor recurrences or of newly formed metastases, and in a high survival rate. Criteria are given, by which postoperative percutaneous irradiation may be omitted without risking impairment of therapeutical results. PMID- 1124556 TI - [The dose-volume factor in radiotherapy. Significance of the focal or tumor volume for the evaluation of radiotherapeutic effect]. AB - The absorbed energy dose, in dependence on the irradiated tissue volume or tumor volume (dose-volume-relations) has great significance for the valuation of radiation injuries and of the prognosis of the disease. The present paper includes an analysis, formal demonstrations and interpretation of these relations. Clinical observations and radiobiological experiments in literature were the basis of the present investigation. The assessment is kept simple, the models derived from it interprete well the clinical findings. Through these models, radiobiological findings and clinical experimental principles are connected. This results in a clear conception of the future development of irradiation planning, and the application technique of radiation. The range of validity of the cited models includes the treated volumes usual in radiotherapy. An extrapolation to the cellulary area or to the whole body may only be made with great reservations. PMID- 1124557 TI - [Optimation of irradiation planning in deep therapy. Outline of the chance of survival of tumor patients]. AB - Simple model conceptions are used for the demonstration of the chance of survival of tumor patients. The systematic judgement of therapy is possible after the adaptation to known survival curves for patients in different stages. The ascertainment of the tumor duplication period for primary tumor and--on principle -also for metastases, permits of conclusions on the recuperative capacity and radioresistance of the exposed normal tissue and of the tumor. It was seen that the values found can lie in the range of the data known from radiobiology. Vice versa, it is possible in principle by means of derived relation to optimate dose distribution, fractionation and total dose of the radiotherapy. Moreover, the systematic analysis of the known survival curves of tumor patients within the frame of model conception allows of the expectation that also influences of therapy on the tumor duplication time, and possibly the dissemination capacity of the tumor, can be analysed. These values reflect the tumor-host-relations and seem to be of decisive significance for future successful concepts of therapy. PMID- 1124558 TI - One entrance into life. PMID- 1124559 TI - Children convicted of homicide. PMID- 1124560 TI - Dermatophyte isolations in Northern Ireland 1967-1973. PMID- 1124561 TI - Spinal bracing in children with atonic cerebral palsy. PMID- 1124562 TI - Fenfluramine in the treatment of hypertensive patients with refractory obesity. PMID- 1124563 TI - A preliminary examination of general medical admissions to Belfast hospitals in 1973. PMID- 1124564 TI - An unusual case of anaemia. PMID- 1124565 TI - XXX Wherry memorial lecture. Subpar hearing. PMID- 1124566 TI - The status and dilemma of human transplant tissue procurement in the United States--a solution. PMID- 1124567 TI - The Ear Bank of Project HEAR. PMID- 1124568 TI - Homografts in middle ear surgery--ten years of experience. PMID- 1124569 TI - Otologic homografts. PMID- 1124570 TI - Otologic homograft indications, techniques, and anatomic and functional results. PMID- 1124571 TI - Otologic homograft indications, techniques, and anatomic and functional results. PMID- 1124572 TI - The histology of otologic homografts. PMID- 1124573 TI - The effects of preservation methods on homologous incus transplants in cats. AB - Experimental incus transplants were performed in cats. The gross findings and histologic data were recorded and correlated to the use of four preservation methods for homografts (alcohol, Cialit, formalin, and freezing). The formalin preserved incudes produced the least middle ear reaction and ossicular fixation. These incudes also exhibited a uniform perivascular bone remodeling throughout the homograft while the bones preserved in Cialit and alcohol were replaced much faster and ossicular chain fixation occurred. The incus bones preserved by freezing were better tolerated than the Cialit and alcohol ones but not as well as the formalin ones. PMID- 1124574 TI - The results of an international questionnaire on otologic homografts. PMID- 1124575 TI - A new case of recombination within the HL-A system. AB - We report another case of recombination within the HL-A system between the first and second segregant series of antigens. The recombination frequency is 0.8%. PMID- 1124576 TI - [Potentia and impotentia coeudi]. PMID- 1124577 TI - [Correlation between vertebral syndrome complaints and radiographically demonstrable changes of the cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 1124578 TI - [Duodenal obstruction in newborn infants]. PMID- 1124579 TI - [Treatment of obesity with fenfluramine]. PMID- 1124580 TI - [Effect of lighting stroke on the victim's consciousness]. PMID- 1124581 TI - [Initial results of a combined adriamycin, solcoseryl (actihaemyl) and vincristine therapy]. PMID- 1124582 TI - [Investigations of serum levels of drugs in children receiving anticonvulsant medication. I. General evaluation of serum concentrations of diphenylhydantoin, primidone and phenobarbitone (author's transl)]. AB - With the aid of our own method of gas chromatography we determined serum concentrations of anticonvulsants in a large number of children who were being treated with diphenylhydantoin, primidone and phenobarbitone. The drugs were being prescribed either as monotherapy, or in combination with each other, or with other substances which have anticonvulsive activity. Regression lines showed good correlations between the quantity of drugs administered (total daily dose) and serum concentrations. The regression lines for diphenylhydantoin and primidone, however, showed no differences, irrespective of whether they were being given alone or in combination. In view of the frequency of symptoms of intoxication and of non-responders, we established a therapeutic range for diphenylhydantoin and primidone (diphenylhydantoin: 5--16 mcg/ml; primidone: 4- 14 mcg/ml). The required serum concentrations could be obtained by giving 8--12 mg/kg of diphenylhydantoin, and 15-22 mg/kg of primidone. In spite of the satisfactory correlation between total daily dose and serum concentrations, however, many patients showed departures from this normal behaviour, especially where combination treatments were being conducted. This demonstrates the necessity for routine controls of serum levels. PMID- 1124583 TI - [Investigations of serum levels of drugs in children receiving anticonvulsant medication. II. Clinical observations (author's transl)]. AB - Although good correlation can be obtained between total daily dose and serum concentration in treatment with anticonvulsant drugs, many patients still show departures from this relation. The various factors which can influence serum concentrations of the administered drugs were to be domonstrated in a number of children who were receiving anticonvulsants at average dose levels and who developed evidence of overdose, or who failed to respond to therapy. The most important feature is that combined adminstration of several drugs may increase or inhibit metabolisation of the various substances, so that inadequate or excessively high serum concentrations result. Furthermore, irregular intake of the necessary medication must always be taken into account in the case of treatment on an out patient basis. Routine determinations of serum levels of anticonvulsant drugs in these patients are called for because of this. PMID- 1124584 TI - [A kin with a "silent" pseudocholinesterase gene (author's transl)]. AB - After injection of short acting muscle relaxant suxamethonium on a 5-year-old boy during bronchography he was suffering from prolonged apnoe. Although using acetylthiocholin, butyrylthiocholin and benzoylcholin for tests we were not able to detect any activity of pseudocholinesterase in the patient's serum, Since there was no evidence of hepatic disease or hypoproteinemia, we supposed a genetically caused deficiency of serumcholinesterase. Examinations done on 18 members of this kin showed a complete absence of serumcholinesterase on 3 children (homozoygotes for "silent gene") and a significant decrease of pseudocholinesterase on 6 persons. It was not possible to detect the "silent gene" by counter immunelectrophoresis. The half value time after injection of purified human serumcholinesterase was between 8 to 9 days. Genetic aspects and clinical problems of the serumcholinesterase deficiency are discussed. PMID- 1124585 TI - [Peroral intestinal mucosal biopsies. Comparative studies on the histological and the dissecting microscope findings (author's transl)]. AB - From 1969 to 1973 171 peroral intestinal biopsies were carried out at the Children's Hospital Tubingen using the Crosby-Kugler capsule and the Watson intestinal biopsy capsule of paediatric size. The dissecting microscope findings were compared with the histological findings. The former correlated in stage II and III, according to the Shmerling scale, with the histological findings. Findings under the dissecting microscope, stage I, did not correlate in all cases with the histological findings. It is supposed that this results from either an inaccurate orientation or from inadequate sectioning. The plane of sectioning must be parallel to the villi. If the plane of sectioning is not parallel to the villi, the slender villi under the dissecting microscope look like plump villi when examined histologically. It is supposed that this results in a greater number of plump villi and a smaller number of slender villi in the histological findings compared with the dissecting microscope findings. The correspondence of slender villi examined under the dissecting microscope and those which are histologically examined in about 25 to 100%. PMID- 1124586 TI - [Chromosome studies in children treated with bactrim (author's transl)]. AB - Chromosome studies were performed in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes drawn from 10 children before and after a therapy with Bactrim (Eusaprim). No significant difference was found between the rate of structural chromosome aberrations, especially the breakage rate, before and after treatment. PMID- 1124587 TI - Growth hormone and cortisol in neonates during phototherapy. AB - In 22 neonates plasma growth hormone (GH) and cortisol concentrations were measured during phototherapy which was administered because of hyperbilrubinemia. These values were compared to the hormone levels before and after therapy and to control values taken from healthy nursery infants. Phototherapy significantly increased GH concentrations to 195% plus or minus 108 (SD)(healthy control group = 100%). Cortisol was not found to be augmented. There was no correlation between GH and cortisol, nor between bilirubin and GH or cortisol. The mechanisms by which phototherapy induces GH increase are not evident. However, this may be due to constant covering of the eyes, deprivation of the day-night rhythm, or other environmental alterations that are brought about by incubator care. PMID- 1124588 TI - Electron microscopic findings in a case of systemic mastocytosis. AB - For several decades urticaria pigmentosa had been considered to be a benign and purely cutaneous disease, caused by infiltrations of tissue mast cells in the skin. Yet until 1962 at least 24 cases of systemic mastocytosis had been published. Sagher estimated the incidence of systemic mastocytosis as being in the region of about 10% of all cases of urticaria pigmentosa. A case of systemic mastocytosis in a 4-year-old child is described. Biopsy specimens were examined by electron microscopy to study the process of degranulation of tissue mast cells during which histamine and heparin are released. PMID- 1124589 TI - Surgical treatment of occlusive arterial disease of the legs. AB - During the period 1959-68, a total of 982 patients were submitted to treatment for arteriosclerotic vascular lesions in the lower limbs in Department M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen. Conservative treatment solely was undertaken in 425 cases, while in addition 271 limbs were amputated after varying periods of conservative therapy or observation. Primary lumbar sympathectomy was undertaken in 25 patients. In the remaining 261 patients, indications were found for arterial reconstruction. In 25 cases explorative intervention only was undertaken. In the remaining 236 patients, 255 reconstructive interventions were undertaken during the period. These comprised 113 thrombendarterectomies, 71 of which were in vessels distal to the inguinal ligament, and 142 by-pass operations. In the latter procedures, five bifurcation prostheses were introduced, 40 simple prostheses with proximal anastomosis to the aorta or the iliac arteries, and 53 synthetic prostheses and 44 venous prostheses with proximal anastomoses to the femoral artery. Eight patients (3.4 percent) died postoperatively, while amputation had to be resorted to in 20 (8 percent). On discharge, pulsation distal to the site of operation was found in 61 percent of the patients discharged, one year later in 44 percent of the survivors and five years later in 23 percent. A total of 62 (24 percent) limbs were amputated on an average of 14 months after operation. 224 cases could be assessed after an average of 4 4/12 years. In 58 cases there was definite clinical improvement and pulsation distal to the site of operation. In 44 cases, pulsation had been present after operation and definite clinical improvement, but no pulsation distal to the reconstructed vessel was found at the follow-up examination. In 122 cases no evident beneficial effect of operation could be demonstrated at follow up examination. The indications for operation and the incidence of operation are discussed, and the results compared with those of previous publications. PMID- 1124590 TI - Symptomatic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: successful surgery in elderly patients, one with a massive aneurysm. AB - Three cases of symptomatic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta are presented. One patient age 96, described with this condition, is perhaps the oldest patient in the literature. In another patient the aneurysm measured two feet in length, extending from the diaphragm to the pelvic outlet. This was perhaps the biggest aneurysm yet recorded. All three patients presented difficult medical problems, withstood the operaion, and were discharged from the hospitals with successful results. Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is a serious condition. It is commonly found in patients in their seventh decade. The condition carries a high mortality with advancing age, especially when associated with other diseases. In symptomatic aneurysms where expansion, dissection or frank hemorrhage is suspected, emergency resection and replacement with dacron graft is carried out. PMID- 1124591 TI - Acquired coarctation of the abdominal aorta. AB - An unusual case of aortic obstruction, not heretofore described, is presented. This obstruction consisted of a perforate diaphragm which occurred in the abdominal portion of the aorta below the renal arteries. Diagnosis and operative method are discussed with several references to the literature. PMID- 1124592 TI - Positive identification of operating room photographs. PMID- 1124593 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in coronary care unit patients during defecation. AB - Fifty-one consecutive patients admitted to a coronary care unit were monitored for ECG changes while having a total of 63 bowel movements (BM's). Twenty-three patients had proven myocardial infarction while 28 had no acute cardiac disease. ECG changes in patients using either commode or bedpan facilities were compared during defecation. Patients using the commode were found to have a greater increase in heart rate and other nonspecific ECG abnormalities compared to those using the bedpan. PMID- 1124594 TI - Axillary-axillary by-pass graft: an alternative technique for repair of the subclavian steal syndrome. PMID- 1124595 TI - Peroneal arteriovenous fistula: an unusual iatrogenic complication of Fogarty catheter thrombectomy. PMID- 1124596 TI - The advantages of automated blood alcohol determination by head space analysis. AB - Precision, specificity and interpretation of the results are reported. Using only few different columns all volatile substances of importance are detected specifically, With new developed stationary phases, graphite as support, the analysis could be done with a sufficient resolution in 1 min. The absolute peak height of the internal standard or the amount of acetaldehyde determines the status of the sample and enables a very precise analysis of alcohol in blood PMID- 1124597 TI - [Would a crash helmet have been life-saving? An analysis of 188 fatal motor scooter accidents (author's transl)]. AB - In both Germany and Denmark bills have been passed, that mopedists and motorcyclists should wear crash helmets in traffic. In an effort to elucidate the practical life-saving effect of such measures, this investigation has been performed in The Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Aarhus, Denmark. Within the period 1959-1973 in all 188 mopedists killed in traffic accidents were submitted to medico-legal examination at the institute. All documents, including the police reports, photographs, the detailed autopsy-reports and medical case records were scrutinized in order to elucidate whether a crash helmet had been used during the accident, and if not, whether such use would have been life saving. In 4 cases only, a crash helmet was used. Of the 188 moped drivers 54.2% died of scull-brain injuries, 33% of other injuries, while 12.8% died of combined scull-brain and other injuries. Following a thorough consideration of the circumstances and findings in each case, the authors in a retrospective judgment concluded, that 51% of the killed moped drivers probably should have survived the accident if they had worn an appropriate crash helmet. A further 8.5% might have survived. The authors admit that their material was selected and the results could hardly be considered indicative for the traffic in general, but are indicative of a tendency. PMID- 1124598 TI - [Contribution to the morphometry of coronary arteriosclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - In 94 cases with and without coronary arteriosclerosis or various cardiac diseases the coronary arteries were pressure fixed, filled with a mixture of barium sulfate and gelatine for coronary angiography and dissected in 1 cm long segments for morphometry. On consecutive cross sections of the three main branches of the coronary arteries the absolute area of lumen, intima and media as well as of the thickness of the intima and media were measured. From the numerous data of the coronary arteries different indices on coronary arteriosclerosis and by correlation to the heart weight also on coronary insufficiency had been calculated. Using these quantitative data age dependent intimal changes could be distinguished convincingly from cases with uncomplicated coronary arteriosclerosis and cases with hypertension or infarcts. Thus in forensic pathology comparative evaluations can be made in regard to the extent, severity and significance of acute and chronic coronary insufficiency. PMID- 1124599 TI - [The influence of soil differences in determining the quantity and recognizability of serological properties of blood traces in the earth (author's transl)]. AB - In order to test the influence of soil differences in determining the quantity and recognizability of serological properties of blood traces in the earth 6 different pedologically examined soil samples of the area of Lower Saxony were impregnated with human blood and tested in two series with reference to the passage of time in dry and damp conditions. The determination of blood quantity by the protein-elution method of Schulz and the cyan-methaemoglobin method of Schleyer was basically possible in all soils. The results of the colour method were more constant and less subject to interference. Decreasing values from 100 down to 13% in the order: sand--Rendsina chalk--garden soil--water meadow loam- clay--humus were to be found, chiefly depending on the size of the particles in the various samples. In damp condition the values dropped to zero after 3 days already. The immediate determination of the ABO blood groups with the absorption technique only proved possible in the case of blood traces in washed sand procesures. One might take NaCl extraction and ascending chromatography on strips of filterpaper or (preferably!) concentrate an initially large quantity of elution fluid. A determination of the Gm factors, however, is only possible on unprepared material. The enrichment procedures often lead to a falsely positive determination of the factors; Testing of ABO groups was most unfavourably influenced by loam, that of Gm by clay and chalk soils. All results may be distrubed by humin-and non-humin substances and any metabolism of microorganisms, which of course is especially noticable in damp humas soil. In practice therefore the samples must be dried as soon as possible. PMID- 1124600 TI - Lethal intoxications with centrally stimulating amines in Sweden 1966-1973. AB - Fatal intoxications with centrally stimulating amines (CSA) have become increasingly common in Sweden. Toxicological data and pathological findings of 32 cases of amphetamine and phenmetrazine intoxications which occurred from 1966 1973 in Sweden are described. Furthermore, 13 cases where these drugs were not the cause of death, but found in urine and organs, are reported. PMID- 1124601 TI - Insulin in post-mortem blood. AB - In 29 cases of sudden death the insulin concentration in blood from the right heart and the femoral vein was determined by a radioimmunological method. The concentrations in the femoral venous blood were below 60 muU/ml serum (mean 23 muU/ml), i.e. in the same order of magnitude as in living persons. In right heart blood the insulin values were about 10 times higher, probably due to post-mortal diffusion of insulin via the portal vein. In suspected hyperinsulinism the measurements should therefore be made on peripheral venous blood. PMID- 1124602 TI - [The relation between genotypical and phenotypical plausibilities of paternity (author's transl)]. AB - Applying the formula of Okajima [2,3] to the genotypical possibilities of a given phenotypical child-mother-putativ father constellation one can compute for each of these possibilities a genotypical probability of paternity. It is possible to determine the discrete distribution function, the mean value, and the variance of these genotypical probabilities of paternity and it is shown that the phenotypical probability of paternity is equal to the mean value of the genotypical probabilities of paternity. PMID- 1124603 TI - [Dynamics of manual stabbing tests. Contribution to the understanding of the "Outer stabbing dynamics" (author's transl)]. AB - The following questions were considered: What were the manual stabbing-energies and -velocities achieved by test persons (50 men and 50 women); what was the sex specific difference in performance; were there differences between the "work hand" and the "non-work-hand". Five single stabs were carried out with each hand. The impact-energy and the impact-velocity were measured for each stab. Significant differences were shown between the values of men and women, as well as between "work-hand" and "non-work-hand". For forensic purposes the "outer stabbing-dynamics"--demonstrated by the subject--can also be assessed in foro. The quantitative relations between stab-wound and necessary stabbing-energy and demonstrated "outer stabbing-dynamics" give an indication of the intention of the subject. PMID- 1124604 TI - [Medical opinions on fatal auto-erotic accidents for insurance purposes (author's transl)]. AB - The problematic nature of medico-legal opinions on fatal auto-erotic accidents made for private accident insurance companies is outlined in a survey based on our own records. Taking the "General Insuranc Terms for Accident Insurance" (AUB) into consideration, guidelines for the forming of such opinions are given. One is warned not to form summary opinions. Decisive is the insured's state of conciousness when the accident was triggered. Only in exceptional cases can an insurance covered accident be rejected because of a body injury inflicted by the insured on himself (see article). These actions do not usually result in external injury to the body. Experience proves that "ideal conditions" for forming an opinion are rarely given. Also, the nature of the death situation is such that often the corpse is discovered only days after death. From the outset, forming a medical opinion is beset with varying degrees of difficulty depending upon which category of auto-erotic activities the accident falls into: 1. direct stimulation of the erotic regions, 2. stimulation of sexual centers in the central nervous system, 3. the creation of fear and anguish in the context of masochistic perversion. According the presently valid insurance terms (AUB), cases of auto erotic electrocution are to be regarded as covered. A disturbance of consciousness--with the exception of such disturbances following the influence of alcohol, medicines or narcotics--cannot be assumed for the moment in which the accident was triggered. At this moment body "integrity" was also intact. Accidents through strangulation, respectively asphyxiation (plastic bags etc.), usually occur during a disturbance of consciousness of the victim. This disturbance is the result of cerebral hypoxia, that is a result of strangulation, respectively external respiratory obstruction. The forming of a medical opinion for insurance purposes on auto-erotic accidents with clearly recognizable masochistic tendency is particularly difficult. A medical decision is only possible when an exact examination and description of the scene of the accident are available. In these instances, mechanical devices rigged by the victim often do not permit with sufficient probability to exclude the possibility of an accident without disturbance of consciousness on the part of the insured. PMID- 1124605 TI - [Purpose and utilization of a medical legal institute in catastrophelike cases (author's transl)]. AB - Catastrophes and catastrophelike mass disasters happen suddenly without announcement. This kind of accident take place rarely, but in case of emergency every institute of legal medical should be prepared. A plan for institute mobilization, working with dissection teams and by a phaseplan is helpful. PMID- 1124606 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin content in blood donors]. AB - The content of IgG, IgM and IgA was studied in the blood serum of 408 donors aged from 18 to 46 years and older (217 men and 191 women). The results obtained were expressed in the IU and in absolute values by protein. It was established that the quantity of immunoglobulins of all the three classes increased with the advance of age. There was no strict correlation between the immunoglobulin level depending on sex, although for some individual age groups there was noted a statistically sinificant difference in the IgA and IgG content. PMID- 1124607 TI - [Study of specific cellular receptors in delayed type hypersensitivity]. AB - The effect of immunosera (rabbit) against the lymphoid cells of mice sensitized with antigens causing development of hypersensitivity of delayed type (tuberculosis bacillus, tissue antigen from rabbit kidney) on the specific activity of lymphoid cells of guinea pigs was tested. The mentioned sera blocked the capacity of lymphoid cells of guinea pigs to transfer the state of sensitization from the sensitized donors to the intact recipients. Blocking was strictly specific and this capacity was absent in the immunosera against the normal lymphoid cells. PMID- 1124608 TI - [Comparative assessment of the activity of nonspecific humoral factors of natural body resistance in subjects with different blood groups (ABO system)]. AB - Significant differences were revealed in the content of the complement, beta lysins and bactericidal activity in persons belonging to different isoantigenic groups in studying 647 donor blood sera. The maximal level of all the three inaices was revealed in of persons belonging to the III group. However, further accumulation of analogous data and their comparison with results of observations of other investigators in various geographical regions is necessary to assess the significance of the results obtained. PMID- 1124609 TI - [Immunodepressive activity of glycoproteins]. AB - Glycoprotein fraction of the blood serum of cattle depressed both the primary and the secondary immune response in case of mouse inoculation 24 hours before the immunization with sheep erythrocytes. The use of this fraction coincidently with the antigenic stimulus or after it was ineffective. Analogous fractions from the thymus and the liver of cattle produced a similar action. Glycoprotein fraction of the serum, thymus and liver depressing the immunological reactions possessed a marked ribonuclease activity. PMID- 1124610 TI - [Analysis of spleen polyribosomal RNA during primary and secondary immune responses]. AB - Synthesis of polyribosomal RNA was studied in the cells of mouse spleen, primarily and secondarily immunized with rat erythrocytes. In development of the immune response there was observed an increase in the number of polyribosomes which could occur first of all on account of intensification of their synthesis and secondly on account of their stabilization with the new informative RNA. Polyribosomal RNA labeled with P32 was analyzed in polyacrylamide gel. Electrophoresis of polyribosome preparations treated with a 2% SDS was conducted. It was found that in the secondary immune response in the 18S--4S there were revealed two principal activity peaks; other iRNA, which participated in the cellular growth of the organ realizing the antibody production, were synthesized during the primary immune response. PMID- 1124611 TI - [Immunological efficacy of smallpox vaccination in children with relative contraindications to vaccination]. AB - Children (aged from 3 to 9 years) vaccinated against smallpox by multiple puncture (3 punctures by bifurcation needle), by a single cut and with vaccine diluted with a double dose of the solvent were observed. Vaccination by the methods tested considerably diminished the vaccinal reactions and failed to influence appreciably the formation of a full-value humoral immunity; only dilution of the vaccination material reduced the dynamics of the immunogenesis at the early periods after the vaccination. In children aged 3--5 and 6--9 years general vaccinal reactions were of the same character, whereas local reactions and immunological response were more pronounced in older children. A method of multiple puncture is recommended for mass vaccinations and also for vaccination of children with relative contraindications to the vaccinations. PMID- 1124612 TI - [Effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on the phagocytic activity of macrophages]. AB - Preparations studied in this work with the properties of monoaminoxidase (MAO) inhibitors caused a reduction of the phagocytic activity of cells and degeneration of the cell culture. By the extent of the toxic action on the macrophage culture the preparations could be distributed in the following order: chloracizine, chlorpromazine, vetrazine, indopan; biogenic amine serotonin influenced the phagocytic activity of cells only in very high concentrations. Macrophage cultivation in a medium containing MAO inhibitors led to quantitative and qualitative changes in the acid phosphatase granules. Reduction of the phagocytic capacity of macrophages and the changes in the lysosomal apparatus of the cells proved to depend on the increase in the concentration of the inhibitors in the culture medium and the duration of their action on the macrophage cells. PMID- 1124613 TI - [Preparation and comparative evaluation of experimental anthrax diagnostic sera in experiments on animals]. AB - The authors present the results of studies on obtaining and comparative assessment of experimental anthrax diagnostic sera in experiments on various animals. Donkeys, sheep, horses, rabbits and monkeys (Papio hamadryas) were immunized with the STI-I vaccine by a single scheme. The activity of the obtained sera was tested in the diffuse precipitation reaction by the amount of the detected antibodies and the titre. The most active sera were obtained from donkeys and sheep: their titre was 5.5 and 4 times greater and amount of the detected antibodies 2.6--2 times greater than in the sera of horses used up to the present time as producers of diagnostic anthrax preparations. The least active sera were obtained from monkeys. PMID- 1124614 TI - [More precise identification of the systematic position of marine bacteria by the method of DNA-DNA hybridization]. AB - In the present work by the method of molecular DNA hybridization there was shown a low degree of affinity of the standard museum strains of cholera vibrios to the respresentatives of the sea species V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus, and also halophilic vibrios identified earlier on the basis of phenotypical characteristics of the nucleotide DNA composition as Marinovibrio. The presence of only 20--30% of homology in the DNA successiveness in cholera vibrios and the mentioned sea bacteria pointed to the necessity of exclusion of the latter from the Vibrio genus. PMID- 1124615 TI - [Production of a lysozyme-like enzyme by various representatives of the genus Staphylococcus]. AB - On the basis of studying 855 strains of various staphylococci it was shown that production of a lysozyme-like enzyme (LLE) failed to serve as a characteristic sign for all the representatives of Staphylococcus genus. It was mostly observed in S. aureus (in 85% of the strains). In nonpathogenic strains of S. epidermidis LLE could not be revealed either by the dish or by affine chromatography on chitin; among S. epidermidis, isolated from the patients there were cultures which did or did not form the LLE. Cultures occupying an intermediate position (coagulase-negative or mannite-negative) formed the LLE in 66.9% of cases. It was shown that the virulence and the general biological activity of the lysozyme positive intermediate strains were higher than in the lysozyme-negative ones. PMID- 1124616 TI - [Typing of vibrions by specific O-sera]. AB - Vibrios which were not agglutinated with cholera O-serum in various areas of the USSR from persons suffering from intestinal diseases, carriers, from the water and hydrobionts (550 in all) were typed serologically. Forty three specific O sera were used ofr serological typing. A determination was made of the serological type in 93% of the strains of vibrios isolated from humans. The given sera were also capable of typing 87% of vibrio strains belonging to the I group Heiberg, isolated from water and hydrobionts, 56% of the strains of the II group and individual strains of the III group, whereas cultures belonging to the IV VIII groups were not agglutinated by these sera. Circulation of 33 serological types of vibrios not agglutinable by cholera O-serum was revealed in the Soviet Union. PMID- 1124617 TI - [Long-term observation of E1-Tor cholera vibrions in waste waters from public baths]. AB - Prolonged (for a period of one year) isolation of cholera vibrios from the sewage of a bath-house was observed. Sewage proved to serve as a favourable medium for preservation and reproduction of cholera vibrios. The data obtained pointed to the capacity of El Tor cholera vibrio to exist outside the human organism for a long time. PMID- 1124618 TI - [Possibility of the occurrence of the Shwartzman phenomenon during administration of a reacting dose of typhoid antigen through the respiratory tracts]. AB - This work is devoted to the study of possible vaccinal complications of Schwartzmann's phenomenon type following subcutaneous injection to rabbits, sensitized by typhoid antigen, of a reacting dose of the same antigen through the respiratory tracts. The reacting dose of the antigen of 0.5; 1.0, 1.5 ml was injected to the rabbits in the form of a dry and liquid aerosol intratracheally intrapulmonary and subcutaneously. Animals to which the reacting dose of the same antigen (0.1; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0 mg) was injected intravenously served as control. Local Schwartzmann's phenomenon was reproduced after administration of all the reacting doses of typhoid antigen tested by intravenous method only. Administration of the reacting dose of the same antigen through the respiratory tracts failed to produce local Schwartzmann's phenomenon, this pointing to the difference in the reaction of rabbit organism sensitized with typhoid antigen to the administration of a reacting dose of the same antigen through the respiratory tracts, in comparison with the intravenous method. PMID- 1124619 TI - [Intrageneric O-antigenic relations of Providencia bacteria]. AB - The authors present literature and personal data on the intragenera O-antigenic relations of the strains of a collection of bacteria belonging to Providencia genus, including standard strains of 53 serological O-groups whose antigenic interrelations were studied serologically in the tests of agglutination and adsorption of agglutinins. Experimental results confirmed the presence of unilateral relations by the O-antigen between the serological groups 01-021, 03 021 and bilateral relations between the serological groups 01-03; there were also revealed relations by the O-antigens between the serological groups 09-036, 014 023, 018-035, 039-053, and 039-027 of a unilateral character. The data obtained added information to the antigenic structure of Providencia and were of significance for the preparation of diagnostic O-sera of Providencia. PMID- 1124620 TI - [Experimental study of the role of L-forms of hemolytic streptococci in infectious pathology]. AB - Rabbits were infected by intraperitoneal implantation of a chamber with the L forms of hemolytic streptococcus. Experiments demonstrated that no symptoms of an acute disease followed. Antibodies against the L-form was revealed in the blood serum in low titres. Cardiac valves, particularly the mitral, were affected in all the experiments animals. Histological study showed that changes in the tissues of the heart approched the rheumatic ones by special signs. L-forms were isolated (in the cultures) from the implanted chamber and the blood for up to 15 days after the infection. PMID- 1124621 TI - [Experimental study of the general serology of immunopathological processes]. AB - Serological criteria for detection of the circulating immune complexes and for a possible evaluation of a comparative expression of the corresponding pathological process were investigated. Foreign serum was repeatedly administered to rabbits against the background [corrected] of the circulating anyibodies. A study was made of the three serological indices (changes in the complement titre, and increase in the anticomplementary properties of the sera, the apperance in the blood and titres of immunoconglutinin) and the data of biological activity of the sera (an increase of total toxicity and the capacity to induce local reaction in the intradermal test on guinea pigs and adrenalectomized albino mice). It was shown that the serological indices under study, together and in combination with the data on biological activity of the sera could serve as a sufficiently reliable criterion for evaluation of the circulating immune complexes: in using all the 5 serum indices the positive ones, even by one of them only constituted 96%. At the same time some of the indices (an increase in the anticomplementary capacity of the sera, the appearance of immunoconglutinin in the blood, an increase of total serum toxicity) could apparently be used for comparative assessment of the extent of the pathological process, since they occurred with a lower intensity of the immune complex formation (reduction of the dose of the antigen administered. PMID- 1124622 TI - [Detoxification of a purified concentrated C1. oedematiens toxin]. AB - One of the stages of a new technological scheme for obtaining C1. oedematiens toxoid (detoxication with formaldehyde of a purified concentrated toxin) was elaborated under experimental conditions. It was found that under the effect of increased formalin concentrations (0.4--0.2%) or of prolonged action of heat there developed in the toxin a reduction of antigenic activity, expressed on immunoelectrophoregrams in the form of a change of surface potential of one of the electrophoretic fractions. Detoxication of the purified concentrated C1. oedematients toxin occurred in the course of 3 days without any losses of its antigenic activity under the following conditions: formalin concentration 0.1%, temperature 37-38 degrees C, pH L.7--6.9. No reversion of toxicity of the preparations detoxified under the mentioned conditions was revealed under the action of formalin-binding agent (sodium sulfite) on them. PMID- 1124623 TI - [Correlation analysis of indices of toxin-neutralizing activity of sera and antibody titers in the passive hemagglutination reaction]. AB - The authors compared the results of 20 experiments of titration of 1588 sera of children with different vaccination anamnesis by Jensen's method in the passive hemagglutination test with a stable erythrocytic diagnostic agent. In 18 of 20 experiments was established a mean and a high correlational association between the indices of antitoxic diphtheria immunity obtained by two methods. In macro- and micromodifications the passive hemagglutination test proved to be a highly effective method of rapid mass analysis and could be used in epidemiological studies. PMID- 1124624 TI - [Rosette-formation phenomenon in autocultures of human venous blood leukocytes]. AB - A method of human venous blood leukocyte culture permits to model immunological processes of an intact organism. Aggregation with lymphoid elements of the central target cell serves as a morphological expression of complicated cell interrelations under conditions of their extracorporeal cultivation. It may be that such interaction of mononuclears in the culture was caused by a special humoral factor generated by lymphocytes. The occurrence of the "rosette" phenomenon in the autoculture permits to suppose that there is a possibility of obtaining an antigenic information by lymphoid elements in the intact organism. The existence of a correlation between the processes of formation of intercellular associations in vitro and the severity of the disease in persons with allergy confirms this supposition. PMID- 1124625 TI - [Study of the mechanisms of nonspecific resistance at the Institute of Virology of the Slovakian Academy of Sciences]. PMID- 1124626 TI - [Increasing the non-specific resistance of animals to staphylococcus with official RNA preparations]. AB - A single or double parenteral injection to mice of sodium nucleinate considerably elevated their nonspecific resistance to the virulent staphylococcus as soon as in four hours; the resistance remained marked for four days. Daily prolonged injection of the stimulant also proved to be very effective. In the simulated organism there occurred a significant depression of reproduction of the virulent staphylococci and an increase in the amount of phagocytic cells and their digestive activity. The latter served as a material basis for induced nonspecific resistance. The data obtained substantiated a possibility of using sodium nucleinate as an antibacterial nonspecific stimulant under clinical conditions. PMID- 1124627 TI - [The influence of anterior and posterior hypothalamic structures on the engulfment and digestion of an antigen by macrophages and on India ink clearance]. AB - Bilateral electrolytic coagulation of the posterior and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei of rabbits had practically no effect on the engulfment of sheep erythrocytes labeled with radioactive sodium chromate retarding chiefly the rate of the antigen catabolism and promoting its retention in the subcellular fractions of the macrophages function than injury of the anterior one. Coagulation of the supraoptic nucleus accelerated India ink clearance at all the periods of investigation, whereas injury of the posterior hypothalamus failed to influence this process. PMID- 1124628 TI - [The relationship between serum lysozyme levels and the leukocyte picture in patients with tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 1124629 TI - [The diagnostic value of the test determining vibriocidal antibodies]. PMID- 1124630 TI - [Detoxication of endotoxins from the enteric group of bacteria using gamma irradiation]. PMID- 1124631 TI - [Teichoic acids as possible acridine orange acceptors on the surface of staphylococcal cell walls]. AB - A study was made of acridine orange adsorption by the surface structures of intact Staphylococcus aureus (209-P strain) cells and their cellular walls. Acridine orange sorption by the cells and the cellular wall of staphylococcus depended on the content of teichoic acids in the object under study. A conclusion was drawn that teichoic acids of the cellular walls of Staph. aureus were responsible for the binding of the acridine orange stain. PMID- 1124632 TI - [The functional activity of microphages and cation protein in experimental allergic arthritis]. AB - A reduction of the content of cation protein in microphages was revealed in experimental allergic arthritis with the aid of the fluorescent-microscopic method of cation protein detection and objective recording of its content. Phagocytic activity of these cells diminished in parallel with reduction of the cation protein content. Protective properties of microphages were possibly reduced as a result of allergic alteration of cells leading to their structural and functional reconstruction. PMID- 1124633 TI - [The effect of diphtheria toxin on proliferation of a transplantable culture of human amnion cells]. AB - Cytoxic effect (CTE) of diphtheria toxin (DT) is preceded by disturbances of proliferation process, this being expressed in reduction of the proliferation index (PI) and of mitotic index (MI) before the appearance of the CTE. The effect of the toxin on the proliferation and mitoses of the cell culture is expressed after the incubation period of about 3 hours. The extent and the rate of reduction of the indices directly depended on the dose of the toxin whose low doses at the early periods stimulated the proliferation. The maximum of all the manifestations of the toxin action coincided with the period of increased proliferation in control. On the basis of investigations carried out a hypothesis was put forward that the CTE of diphtheria toxin developed with the entrance of the cells into mitosis. PMID- 1124634 TI - [Fractionation of staphyococcal allergens on sephadex]. AB - Allergens obtained from seven strains of staphylococcus cultures (with and without any toxigenic and hemolytic properties) were subjected to fractionation on Sephadexes. It was shown that allergens from strains 209, 3a, 977 contained one protein-polysaccharide, component with molecular weight of 600 000--900 000. Allergens from strains Wood-46, 150a, r-7, O15 were characterized by the presence of two protein-polysaccharide fractions with molecular weight of 800 000--900 000 (I) and 20 000--100 000 (II). There was revealed the influence of lyphilization on the separation of nucleic acids in the preparations not subjected to lyophilization; nucleic acid fractions were separated in gel filtration; no separation of nucleic acids from the protein-polysaccharide fractions followed lyophilization. PMID- 1124635 TI - [Cytology of amenorrhea]. PMID- 1124636 TI - [Clinical and pathological analysis of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia and long survival]. AB - Investigations were carried out on 261 patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia with survival over 4 years. The following problems were discussed: age and sex of patients, presenting symptoms, organ changes, laboratory investigations, infectious complications, coexistence of malignant tumours. Correlations were established between various parameters and the length of survival. It was demonstrated that patients without palpable lymph nodes and spleen at the beginning of the diseases and with leucocyte counts ranging from 10,000 to 100,000/1 mm-3 have a better prognosis, while thrombocytopenia even without haemorrhagic diathesis is a poor prognostic sign. Infections were observed in 50 percent of cases, more frequently in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. Coexistence of malignant tumours was found in 5.4 percent of cases. Pathological examinations including organ biopsy and autopsy failed to demonstrate characteristic features of lymphatic system proliferation as compared with patients with short survival. PMID- 1124637 TI - [Course of chronic lymphatic leukemia in 2 age groups: older and younger patients]. AB - The authors analysed 202 cases of chronic lymphatic leukaemia comparing the course of this disease in patients above and below 60 years of age. The observation included patients with various forms of this disease--with morphological and clinical findings compatible with mild disease and cases with severe course with complications. It was observed that in severe form of lymphatic leukaemia the course of the disease is similar in both groups of patients and the shorter survival of patients in the older group is frequently due to coexistence of other diseases impairing the general condition and changes connected age. On the other hand, a mild, oligosymptomatic course of the disease was observed more frequently in older patients who did not require intense treatment in hospitals. PMID- 1124638 TI - [Advances made in studies on the use of fluorocarbon emulsions as a blood replacing fluid]. PMID- 1124639 TI - [Studies on the thrombocytopoietic factor. I. Elaboration of investigative methods]. AB - The authors present a method of determination of the activity of the thrombocytopoietic factor (AT) by means of biological test on rats using 75-Se selenomethionine for in vivo labelling of platelets. For suppression of endogenous thrombocytopoiesis the rats received antiplatelet rabbit serum which was used for investigations in the period of reactive hyperthrombocytosis. The thrombocytopoietic activity was expressed in radioactivity impulses per 1 mg of platelet protein of rats which permitted to eliminate the error-fraught determination of platelet count. A statistically significant rise in the thrombocytopoietic activity was demonstrated in rabbits with experimental thrombocytopenia as compared with the AT in healthy rabbits. The error of the method was 9.6-9.8 percent (P less than 0.05). PMID- 1124640 TI - [Studies on the thrombocytopoietic factor. II. Determination of thrombocytopoietic activity in patients with hematological syndromes (preliminary study)]. AB - Using the biological test on rats the thrombocytopoietic activity (AT) was determined in sera of 13 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP), 5 patients with pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia, 18 with thrombocytopenia developing during proliferative diseases of the haemopoietic system, and 4 patients with erythremia vera. A high mean thrombocytopoietic activity was demonstrated in ITP and this high activity was accounted for by significantly raised AT in acute thrombocytopenia. Increased AT was observed also in myeloproliferative syndromes associated with thrombocytopenia, while in pancytopenia with bone marrow hypoplasia and in erythremia vera AT seemed not increased independently of the stage of the disease. Greater number of cases will be necessary for drawing reliable conclusions. PMID- 1124641 TI - [Role of spleen in leukocyte kinetics in dog]. AB - In 9 dogs blood samples were obtained from the splenic vein and artery under general anaesthesia with Eunarcon, the quantitative and qualitative composition of white blood cells was compared and it was found that canine spleen can release or retain granulocytes and mononuclear cells simultaneously or any of these cells separately. PMID- 1124642 TI - [Selective aplasia of erythropoietic system following viral hepatitis]. AB - The author observed a 20-year-old patient with selective aplasia of the erythrocytopoietic system developing during virus hepatitis and disappearing completely after one year. PMID- 1124643 TI - The role of parathyroids for the adaptation to a low calcium intake. AB - One-year-old selectively parathyroidectomized rats were found to have lost the ability to adapt themselves to a reduced calcium intake. Of importance in this respect was certainly the demonstrated inability to mobilize skeletal calcium to the blood. Thus, when the normal intake of calcium in the diet is reduced in the adult intact rat, skeletal calcium reserves must become mobilized with resulting osteoporosis. Histological and morphometric analyses of the adrenal glands showed no apparent effect of the parathyroidectomy upon the functional state of the adrenal cortex. PMID- 1124644 TI - Structure of the adrenal glands in mice with the obese-hyperglycaemic syndrome (gene symbol ob). AB - Quantitative histological methods were used to study the adrenal glands of obese hyperglycaemic mice and their lean litter mates of various ages. Five weeks old obese mice had significantly enlarged adrenals, due to increased volumes of the zona fasciculata and a persistent cortical X-zone. The enlarged zona fasciculata persisted also in the 5- and 18-month-old obese mice whereas the X-zone had disappeared at these ages. Further, the adrenals of 18-month-old obese mice showed deposits of amyloid in the juxtamedullary cortical zone. It is apparent that the adrenal cortical enlargement coincides in time with the appearance of the other manifestations of the obese-hyperglycaemic syndrome. This further emphasizes that also the adrenal cortical enlargement is an integral part of the syndrome and may contribute to the insulin resistance already at an early stage in the development of the syndrome. The more pronouced weight gain of the adrenal glands of the obese mice together with the morphological changes of the adrenal cortex further suggest an increased ACTH stimulation in these animals. The delayed disappearance of the adrenal X-zone probably reflects the hypogonadism previously demonstrated in these animals. PMID- 1124645 TI - Atypical germ cells in the adjacent "normal" tissue of testicular tumours. AB - Recently a possible intratubular carcinoma-in-situ of the human testis was described. The same histological picture has been found in the residual testicular tissue in 17 out of 22 men with either seminoma, embryonal carcinoma or terato-carcinoma. The hypothesis is put forward that the described cells may represent malignant germ cells from which testicular germ cell tumours of different types may originate. PMID- 1124646 TI - The role of the parathyroids for the adaptation to a low calcium intake. AB - The effects of selective parathyroidectomy on the adaptation to a low calcium intake were studied in one-year-old male rats. Parathyroidectomized animals showed increased net absorption of intestinal calcium compared to that of intact animals both at a normal and at a low intake of dietary calcium. The difference was highly significant on the low level of dietary calcium. In the parathyroidectomized animals, significantly higher values were found in the group of rats fed the low calcium diet than in those supplied the calcium supplemented diet. Urinary calcium excretion was reduced because of the reduced plasma calcium level. While there was no disturbance of intestinal calcium absorption, selective parathyroidectomy resulted in a reduced ability to mobilize skeletal calcium as shown in a previous study. This was found to be necessary for the adaptation to a low calcium intake in the adult animal. PMID- 1124647 TI - Renal morphology in pigs with experimental hyperparathyroidism. Light-microscopic findings and some functional aspects. AB - Light-microscopic examinations were performed in three groups of pigs; one sham operated control group, one group subjected to thyroidectomy (TX), and one group injected with parat-hormone (PTH) after thyroidectomy (TK + PTH). The kidneys of the sham-operated animals were normal, whereas slight to moderate dilatation of some tubules was seen in the TX group. The most prominent changes in the TX + PTH group were calcium deposition, tubular dilatation and degeneration, inflammation, and hyperaemia. In addition there were hyaline casts, PAS-positive globules and mitotic figures in the tubules. It is suggested that the calcium deposition caused by the PTH administration plays a major role in the development of degeneration in the tubular epithelium, and that these structural lesions are of importance in the development of reduced renal function. PMID- 1124648 TI - Renal morphology in pigs with experimental hyperparathyroidism. Ultrastructural findings. AB - Ultrastructural examinations were performed in three groups of pigs; one sham operated control group, one group subjected to thyroidectomy, and another group injected with parathormone after thyroidectomy (TX + PTH). Attention was mainly paid to the localization and structural details of the calcium deposits which were found in the TX + PTH group 78 and 150 hours after the first PTH injection. Calcium deposits were found in the epithelial cells and lumina of the tubular system, especially in the proximal convoluted tubules. It is suggested that calcium first is deposited in mitochondria and cytoplasmic vacuoles and that larger calcific bodies, occasionally with concentric lamellation, are formed by coalescence of small calcific particles, and that the calcium deposits induce degenerative changes in the tubular epithelium which may lead to discharge of calcific material into the lumina. PMID- 1124649 TI - Enzymatic heterogeneity of granules in human leucocytes. AB - Homogenates of highly purified polymorphonuclear leucocytes and of a mixture of mononuclear leucocytes and platelets from human blood were separated by differential and isopyknic centrifugation. A heterogeneity in granules containing digesting enzymes was found in both cell preparations. Enzymes typical of lysosomes were found in the two cell preparations in a similar density gradient. Granules of low density were indicated in polymorphonuclear leucocytes by alkaline phosphatase. In both cell preparations a third granule, of lower density, seemed to exist enriched in amino acid naphthylamidase, acid hydrolases and in polymorphonuclear leucocytes also alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme. A remarkable difference between the two cell preparations was the occurrence of amino acid napthylamidase in denser granules of polymorphonuclear only, although the nature of these granules could not be determined. PMID- 1124650 TI - Proliferating and non-proliferating compartments in cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. AB - The existence of proliferating and non-proliferating compartments in atypical cervical epithelium is suggested by autoradiographical investigations and studies on the topographical distribution of mitosis performed on human cervical cones and on cervices of mice following carcinogenic treatment. PMID- 1124651 TI - 7,12-DMBA-induced rat mammary tumour studied for hormonal responsiveness in vitro. 1. Short-term incubations of cell suspensions. AB - The effect of testosterone, progesterone, and 17-beta-oestradiol on the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA was studied in vitro using cell suspensions from DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinomas and subcutaneous sarcomas. Both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of the hormones were seen. The two types of tumour reacted similarly. The validity of hormonal responsiveness in vitro compared with in vivo is discussed. PMID- 1124652 TI - 7,12-DMBA induced rat mammary tumour studied for hormonal responsiveness in vitro. 2. Organ cultures. AB - Specimens of DMBA-induced mammary tumour, DMBA-induced subcutaneous sarcomas, and virus induced sarcomas in the rat were incubated for 24-72 hours as organ cultures. The effect of various concentrations of testosterone, progesterone, and 17-beta-oestradiol on cell survival and multiplication was measured as changes in incorporation of H3-TdR into DNA. All three types of tumour reacted to the hormones. Statistical analysis of data demonstrated possible influence of factors other than hormone treatment. The specificity of hormone sensitivity assays in vitro is questioned. PMID- 1124653 TI - Oral giant cell granulomas. An ultrastructural study of the vessels. AB - Eight peripheral and 2 central oral giant cell granulomas have been studied in the electron microscope in order to examine the structure and nature of the vessels. The vascular wall was composed of a continous layer of endothelial cells resting on a basal lamina, which was frequently multilayered. The lamina also surrounded scattered subjacent pericytes. The endothelial cells overlapped slightly so as to form narrow intercellular spaces. Based on these observations the vessels are supposed to be postcapillary venules. Dark cells exhibiting degenerative features were encountered in the endothelial lining of most vessels. Small gaps and larger defects in the vascular lining allowed direct continuity between the lumen and the perivascular tissue. It is suggested that the extreme extravasation of red blood cells frequently observed in oral giant cell granulomas may be mediated through this incomplete lining. PMID- 1124654 TI - Subclinical elastofibromas in the scapular region in an autopsy series. AB - In a series of 235 autopsies, changes in the subcapscular thoracic fascia similar to elastofibroma dorsi (Jarvi & Saxen 1959, -et al. 1969) were found in 39 cases, all at least 58 years old. In people over 55 years, the frequency was 24.4 per cent in females and 11.2 per cent in males. In addition to hypertrophy and secondary degeneration of elastic fibres, necrosis of collagenous-, adipose-, muscular-, and nervous tissue, as well as formation of clefts, cysts and bursae was found in 85 per cent of cases presenting elastic changes--both in connection with them and outside the degenerated areas--as well as in 39 per cent of cases where no elastic degeneration occurred. Other changes included extensive scarring of the tissue, followed by reduction of fat and, more seldom, oedema and inflammatory infiltration. Breaks in the elastic cage, necrosis and fibrosis of arterial walls were found in 44 per cent of cases of elastic degeneration and in 14 per cent of cases without degeneration. In veins, more extensive wall fibrosis occurred, leading to necrosis; in cases of elastic degeneration the adventitial elastic network was also involved. Venous changes were found in 90 per cent of the cases of elastic degeneration and in 30 per cent of cases without degeneration. Direct mechanical stress on elastic tissue may be an important cause of hypertrophy and secondary degeneration of elastic fibres, and also of diffuse increase of collagenous tissue. On the other hand, nutritional deficiency due to failing resistance of the vascular system against friction of the scapula and streching movements of the upper extremities may play a main part in necrotic tissue changes. PMID- 1124655 TI - Insulin release in fasting man induced by impure but not by pure preparations of cholecystokinin. AB - Most preparations of cholecystokinin reported to release insulin have been impure. When highly purified preparations of extracted cholecystokinin and also the synthetic C-terminal octapeptide of the hormone became available for use in humans, we investigated their insulinotropic activity in comparison with a cruder preparation of cholecystokinin in 10 fasting non-diabetic subjects. The doses employed were 75 Ivy dog units, except for the synthetic C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin that was given in a dose of 200 Ivy dog units to compensate for a shorter hawn every minute during 10 min after each injection, thereafter at intervals of 5 min. The mean plasma insulin level increased significantly, reaching a peak 4-5 min after iv injection of the cruder cholecystokinin preparation, but after the other two preparations the plasma insulin level was not significantly changed. The blood glucose level was not significantly changed by any of the preparations used. It is concluded that the plasma insulin peak seen in man after i.v. injection of the less highly purified preparation was due not to cholecystokinin but to some other agent present in this less pure preparation. The identity of this factor is discussed. PMID- 1124656 TI - Studies of urinary bladder dysfunction in amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. AB - Eight male patients with amyloid polyneuropathy, seven of whom had symptoms of dysfunction of the urinary bladder, were studied by cystometry and micturition analysis and compared with eight male controls. Most of the patients with amyloidosis had an increased bladder capacity. The need to micturate was reduced, and urine retention was common. In most of them detrusor function could not be demonstrated. The maximal flow rate was usually diminished and the resistance to flow elevated. In some of the patients there was increased rigidity of the bladder wall. PMID- 1124657 TI - The adhesiveness of human blood platelets and thyroid function. AB - Hypothyroidism is associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis. In spite of this the reported incidence of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction in untreated hypothyroidism is small. Since many authors consider the formation of a thrombus in coronary arteries to be the final event of the process which leads to myocardial infarction, changes in the platelet function may explain the paradoxical rarity of myocardial infarction in untreated hypothyroidism. To evaluate this hypothesis, platelet adhesiveness has been estimated before and after treatment in 9 hypothyroid and 16 thyrotoxic patients. In thyrotoxicosis the platelet adhesiveness was significantly increased, but decreased to normal after treatment. In hypothyroidism platelet adhesiveness was abnormally low but increased to normal value after thyroid hormone replacement. This may be an important factor in precipitating myocardial infarction in patients with hypothyroidism and coronary artery atherosclerosis. PMID- 1124658 TI - Thalassaemia minor. Twelve patients in two Norwegian families. AB - Thalassaemia minor has been diagnosed in 12 members of two Norwegian families. Haematological data from 23 family members are reported. The diagnosis was based on estimation of Hb A(2) by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. All patients having high Hb A(2) levels had confirmatory evidence of thalassaemia minor (hypochromic anaemia, marked variation in size and shape of the red cells, target cells, basophilic stippling, decreased osmotic fragility, normal or high serum iron level). The majority of the patients had previously been treated with iron without effect. PMID- 1124659 TI - [Iron supplement to blood donors. II. Effect of continuous iron supply]. AB - Seventeen conscripts gave blood every second month, the amount representing an average iron loss of 3.5 mg daily. Seven of them were given 20 mg and ten 100 mg iron as ferrous carbonate once daily throughout the study. Before the first and after the fourth and sixth blood donations they were examined with regard to packed red cell volume, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity and stainable bone marrow iron, and a diagnostic iron absoprtion test was performed. Ten conscripts receiving no iron and giving no blood but comparable to those in the test groups with regard to age, exercise and diet served as controls. The stainable bone marrow iron was found to become stabilized at a level with reduced but still perceptible amounts when 20 mg iron was given, and at a level with somewhat greater amounts when the daily dose was 100 mg. Both levels were lower than before blood donation in most subjects, and the negative iron balance was also reflected in the diagnostic iron absorption test. When a healthy person loses 3.5 mg iron daily, supplementation with a 100 mg tablet per day is therefore insufficient to maintain the iron stores at their previous level. The decrease in storage iron is not progressive, however. When the storage iron is reduced, iron absorption seems to be stimulated sufficiently to establish a balance at a reduced storage iron level. PMID- 1124660 TI - Deaths from ischaemic heart disease in Helsinki in the years 1959-1968. Vital statistics and medico-legally autopsied sudden deaths. AB - According to the official vital statistics, altogether 10910 deaths from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) occurred in persons resident in Helsinki during the 10-year period 1959-68. A significant increase was found in the incidence of IHD deaths in both sexes even though changes in the structure of the population were taken into account. The increase in the age-dependent incidence of IHD deaths was most conspicuous at middle age in both sexes and in young males. Altogether 3044 IHD deaths occurring unwitnessed or within 24 hours of the onset of the fatal attack were autopsied medico-legally during the 10-year period of the study. The medico-legally autopsied cases obviously represented a high proportion of sudden IHD deaths occurring outside hospitals in Helsinki. A clear male preponderance was found in the autopsy material as compared with all IHD deaths. The prevalence of cases of acute myocardial infarction varied in different years from 27 to 49 percent at medico-legal autopsies. No significant change occurred during the 10 year period in the distribution of the medico-legally autopsied IHD deaths into social groups, in the suddenness or place of death. The home was the most common place of death. From 1963 onwards the patients dying from an ischaemic heart attack during transportation to hospital or in an outpatient department constituted 6-7 percent of all annual IHD deaths. PMID- 1124661 TI - Deaths from ischemic heart disease in persons aged 65 or younger in Helsinki in 1970 with special reference to patho-anatomic findings in hearts.?211. AB - Deaths from ischemic heart disease(IHD) occurring during a period of one year in Helsinki in persons aged 65 years or younger have been investigated by the Ischaemic Heart Disease Register. Altogether 526 fatalities were registered. Autopsy data were collected in 432 cases, the autopsy rate being 82 percent. The results are presented separately for persons autopsied in the pathologic departments, representing mostly delayed deaths in hospitals, and for medico legally autopsied persons representing sudden deaths outside hospitals. The diagnosis of IHD death was either based on the positive patho-anatomic or clinical evidence of an acute heart attack or supported by a history of clinical IHD in 92 percent of all registered fatal cases. In the remaining fatalities the possibility of other causes of death had been more or less definitely excluced. All persons with an acute attack of IHD and all autopsied cases showed a division into four socio-economic groups very similar to that of the population of Helsinki. Men belonging to the lowest social group were over-represented among medico-legally autopsied cases. A history of a previous heart disease, visits to a doctor and the use of digitalis were less common in persons autopsied medico legally than in those autopsied in the pathologic departments. In the former an acute infarction was most often located in the posterior wall and in the latter in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The prevalence of an occlusion was highest in the right coronary artery in the former and in the left anterior descending coronary artery in the latter; In medico-legally autopsied cases in which a recent myocardial infarction was observed the interventricular septum was involved in 81 percent, but in cases with an old infarction the septum was involved in only 52 percent. No difference in the size of the hearts, the frequency of an old infarction or the prevalence of coronary occlusions was found between persons autopsied in the pathologic and forensic departments. Although a previous angina was about equally common in both sexes, old infarctions were more common in men. The increase in heart weight had occurred proportionally to the same extent in both sexes. PMID- 1124662 TI - The frequency of secondary hypertension. AB - In a series comprising 482 patients with hypertension requiring treatment 79 percent had to be classified as essential hypertension. Bilateral renal disease was found in 9 percent, unilateral renal disease in 3.3 percent, but only one patient underwent surgery. Renal artery stenosis was found in 24 patients (5 percent), but only 5 (1 percent) were operated on. Two cases of primary hyperaldosteronism and one of phaeochromocytoma were found; in all three surgical intervention was successful. Oral contraceptives had caused the elevated BP in 7 patients (1.5 percent). It is emphasized that the frequency of curable hypertension is still very low and this should be taken into account when routine examination of patients with hypertension requiring treatment is discussed. PMID- 1124663 TI - The thyroid in ulverative colitis and Crohn's disease. II. Thyroid enlargement and hyperthyroidism in ulcerative colitis. AB - The frequency of thyroid disease has been surveyed in 300 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 600 controls. The controls were drawn from visitors to the general medical wards of the Radcliffe Infirmary and were matched for age and sex with the UC patients. Two observers independently assessed all these subjects for thyroid enlargement of the simple goitre type. Although there were minor variations between the results obtained by the two observers, they found simple goitre in 8.7-6.3 percent among the UC patients compared with 4.3-3.3% percent among the controls; a difference which is significant. A history of thyrotoxicosis was obtained in 3.7 percent of the UC patients compared with 0.8 percent of the controls (p greater than 0.01). In more than half of the UC patients with a history of hyperthyroidism, the hyperthyroidism occurred years before the onset of the colitis. It is therefore highly unlikely that hyperthyroidism is a complication of the colitismpossible reasons for the association of the two diseases are discussed but it is concluded that no satisfactory explanation exists at present. PMID- 1124664 TI - Intrauterine death and circulating anticoagulant ("antithromboplastin"). AB - A report is presented of a young, otherwise apparently healthy, woman who had three pregnancies which for some unknown reason terminated in intrauterine death (macerated foetuses). During the third pregnancy a coagulation defect was diagnosed, which was characterized by prolonged coagulation times and prolonged one-stage prothrombin time. This defect disappeared after the end of the pregnancy, but returned during the fourth pregnancy. This time a circulating anticoagulant was found, which inhibited the action of thromboplastin. The values found for the various coagulation factors were normal. The anticoagulant titre rose during the pregnancy from 1/2 to 1/10. Leucocyte agglutinating as well as lymphocytotoxic antibodies directed against the husband's cells were demonstrated in the patient during the pregnancy. In this case, by passage of cell fragments and thromboplastic substances to the mother, the foetus had probably induced the development of antibodies against the foetal tissues. The foetus may be regarded as an incompatible transplant. The fourth pregnancy was terminated by caesarean section in the 34th week. The child weighed 1440 g and, after three exchanges of blood, did very well. The placenta was severely infarcted. It is postulated that the development of antithromboplastin during pregnancy may be a contributory cause of intrauterine death. PMID- 1124665 TI - Heme catabolism, carbon monoxide production and red cell survival in anemia. AB - Total heme catabolism has been studied through measurement of the endogenous production of carbon monoxide (VCO) in 8 patients with hemolysis, 7 with hypoproliferative anemia, 10 with refractory anemia and hypercellular bone marrow and 7 with splenomegaly, 6 of whom had myeloid metaplasia. Simultaneously, catabolism of circulating red cell hemoglobin heme (Vheme-c) was measured through labelling of the red cells with 51Cr, and the VCA/Vheme-c ratio was calculated for each patient. From a control group it was calculated that this ratio should vary around 1.5. Since no isotope studies were performed in the control group, no range could be defined. Among patients with hemolysis the VCO/Vheme-c ratio was found to vary between 1.3 and 1.8 except in 2 cases of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and PNH?, respectively, in whom the ratios were found to be 0.6 and 0.7 suggesting some heme catabolism without corresponding CO formation. In the hypoproliferative group the ratio varied between 1.2 and 1.8 except in one patient treated with androgens, in whom the ratio was found to be 2.9, suggesting increased extraerythrocytic heme turnover. In patients with myeloid metaplasia the ratio varied between 1.3 and 1.8. On the other hand, the ratio varied getween 2.4 and 3.0 among patients with refractory anemia and hypercellular bone marrow, thus confirming earlier findings that in this type of anemia turnover of bone marrow heme is markedly increased. A significant correlation was found between VCO and initial morning COHb%(r equals 0.84). The conclusions drawn are (a) that Vheme-c sometimes represents less than 50% of total heme turnover and (b) that COHb and/or VCO reflect total heme turnover except in patients with blood loss or intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinuria. PMID- 1124666 TI - Nicotinic acid and the endogenous production of carbon monoxide. AB - The endogenous production of carbon monoxide (VCO) has been followed with the aid of a rebreathing system for 3 hours in four healthy volunteers after i.v. injection of 50 mg nicotinic acid (NA). After an initial slight decrease for 15 30 min in the CO hemoglobin per cent saturation (COHb), a rapid increase was registered for 120 min, whereafter the VCO returned to the normal preinjection level. The amount of "extra" CO produced varied between 4.1 and 2.2 ml, corresponding to 2.9 and 1.6 g Hb or 182 and 98 mumol heme,respectively. These figures are 3-5 times higher than those reported in the literature, calculated from increases in serum iron, bilirubin and COHb (without the use of a rebreathing system). When related to the total body heme (TBH) estimated with the CO dilution technique, the amount of "extra" heme metabolized after NA corresponded to 0.30% (range 0.26-0.32) of the TBH (a fourth of the total daily heme turnover or a third of the daily HB heme catabolism. PMID- 1124667 TI - Oxygen uptake and cardiac output during submaximal and maximal exercise in adult subjects with totally corrected tetralogy of fallot. AB - Ten female and eight male adults with tetralogy of Fallot, the majority totally corrected at adult age, have been studied at rest and during submaximal and maximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Oxygen uptake was determined by the Douglas bag technique and cardiac output by the dye-dilution method. Maximal oxygen uptake was reduced about 30-40% from normal. Thus a complete normalization of the aerobic working capacity was not achieved in spite of an intracardiac repair that was considered surgically satisfactory. Cardiac output response to exercise was subnormal, mainly due to small stroke volumes and partly because of low heart rates. A fall in stroke volume of more than 10 ml was found in 8 of the patients during exercise. No correlation was found between stroke volume during maximal excercise, on the one hand, and the presence of a particular residual defect, anatomy of the right ventricular outflow tract prior to operation and the use of a right ventricular outflow patch on the other. However, too few patients were studied to allow any definite conclusions as to the possible influence of these variables. It remains to be shown whether the haemodynamic abnormalities will be less and the aerobic work capacity better if total correction is undertaken at an early age. PMID- 1124668 TI - Oxygen uptake arterial blood gases and blood lactate concentration during submaximal and maximal exercise in adult subjects with shunt-operated tetralogy of fallot. AB - Ten female and six male adult subjects with shunt-operated tetralogy of Fallot have been studied at rest and during submaximal and maximal exercise on an average 20 years after the palliative operation. There was a considerable reduction in the aerobic work capacity, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2) being 1.00 1/min STPD. Though ventilation (VE) was out of proportion to VO2 as indicated by an abnormally high ventilation equivalent (52.1), values for VEmax were low (50.81/min BTPS) and of approximately the same order as in a comparable group of totally corrected TOF patients. In spite of increased VE in relation VO2 the PaCO2 increased from 30 mmHg at rest to 49 mmHg during maximal exercise, while PaCO2 decreased from 60 mmHg at rest to 44 mmHg during submaximal exercise I. During heavier exercise no further fall was noted. Base excess decreased from 2.9 to -9.8 mEq/l. Thus a combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis was at hand during exercise, the metabolic component, however, being normal. Maximal blood lactate concentrations were low (5.8 mmol/l) and contrasted with the high intramuscular lactate concentrations earlier reported in some of the patients. The low values found for VO2 max indicate that a palliative operative procedure in TOF is no alternative to an intracardiac repair in the long-term course. The two main factors limiting exercise tolerance were acidosis and accumulation of lactate within the muscle cell. PMID- 1124669 TI - Haemodynamic effect of atrail triggered versus fixed rate pacing at rest and during exercise in complete heart block. AB - The central haemodynamics at rest and during exercise have been studied in 25 patients with complete AV block who were treated with fixed rate (FRP) and atrial triggered pacemakers (ATP). The aim of the investigation has been to study the effect of a synchronized atrial contraction for the filling of the ventricles and for the cardiac output (Q). Pressures and Q have been determined during heart catheterization. The P wave for triggering the atrial synchronized pacemaker has been obtained with an electrode in close contact with the atria, introduced by means of mediastinoscopy. The study consists of two series. In the first series (12 patients) the central haemodynamics were recorded with each patient connected first the FRP (about 70 impulses/min) and later to the ATP. Most patients were studied both at rest and during exercise, the work loads being identical with both types of pacemakers. Q at rest is 10% higher with ATP (p less than 0.02) than with FRP and during exercise 20% higher with ATP (p less than 0.01). Stroke volume (SV) at rest is equal with both types of pacemakers, but significantly larger with FRP during work (p less 0.001). The left ventricular (LV) filling pressure is significantly lower (p less than 0.01) with ATP at rest, but not during exercise (p less than 0.8). In the second series 13 patients were studied at rest and during exercise. The recordings of pressures and Q were first performed with the patient on ATP. After 30 min rest an identical study was performed with the patient connected to FRP, the rate of which was matched (FRPm) to that previously recorded with ATP. Q at rest is 18% higher (p less than 0.01) with ATP than with FRPm and during work 8% higher (p less than 0.05) with ATP. SV at rest is significantly larger (p less than 0.01) with ATP than with FRPm, whereas during exercise no significant difference is observed between the two types of pacemakers. LV filling pressure at rest is significantly lower on the 5% level with ATP; during exercise no significant difference is observed. The investigation shows that in many patients, especially younger ones, treatment with ATP makes it possible to obtain a larger Q during exercise, and thus to increase the oxygen transporting capacity of the circulation. This benefical effect may be more pronounced in patients with low compliance of the ventricular myocardium. PMID- 1124670 TI - Initial serum potassium level in relation to early complications and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - During two years 450 patients with AMI have been treated in the CCU at Serafimerlasarettet. Serum potassium level was determined in 444 patients on admission. Hyperkalaemia was a rare finding associated with a bad state on admission and a poor prognosis. Hypokalaemia was recorded in 15% of the patients and was associated with previous diuretic treatment, supraventricular bradycardia as well as atrial flutter and fibrillation during the first 24 hours in the CCU. Ventricular ectopic beats and venticular tachycardia were also seen more frequently in hypokalaemic than in other patients. PMID- 1124671 TI - Incidence and presentation of myocardial infarction in North Karelia, Finland. AB - A myocardial infarction (mi) register was started on May 1, 1972 in the county of North Karelia in Eastern Finland as a part of the North Karelia project. Information about all cases with a suspected acute MI among the North Karelian population are collected by the register. The principles of the register follow the recommendations of the WHO expert working group. Altogether 713 cases were registered between May 1, and Dec. 31,1972. The distribution of them into diagnostic categories was: "definite" 57%, "possible" 30%, "no acute MI" 8% and "insufficient information" 5%. Patients with no acute MI have been excluded in the results. About 47% of the male patients below 65 years had a history of previous MI. Most of the patients in the group had been heavy cigarette smokers, eating mainly butter as the fat in their diet. Overweight was rare among the male patients but not among the females. During the years preceding the attack, most of the patients had visited a physician and a pathological ECG had been recorded. The average time delay before hospital treatment was internationally relatively short. The 4 week fatality rate among patients below 65 years was 37% for males and 35% for females. These rates were slightly lower than those in the register material in Helsinki. The annual incidence rate per thousand for the age group 30 64 in North Karelia was 13.8 among males and 2.6 among females. The incidence rate increased continuously with age among males,among females it increased markedly only after the age of 60. The risk ratio between North Karelia and Helsinki for the age standardized incidence rates of males in the age group 30-64 was 1.38, and for respective mortality rates 1.21. Within North Karelia the highest incidence rate for males aged 30-64 was recorded in the rural area of Ilomantsi-Tuupovaara in the East. PMID- 1124672 TI - Substrate incorporation into hepatic lipids and proteins in vitro in patients with pre-beta hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Fifty-three patients operated on for uncomplicated gallstone disease have been studied concerning the hepatic synthesis rate in vitro of glycerides and proteins. Thirteen of the patients had pre-beta hyperlipoproteinemia. Five of them and four normolipoproteinemic patients were fed a sucrose-enriched diet for two weeks prior to the operation. In the non-sucrose-fed hyperlipoproteinemic patients the liver concentration of triglycerides (TG) and the incorporation rate of precursors into TG were increased. A significant correlation was found between the synthesis rate of TG in liver tissue and the plasma TG concentration in these hyperlipoproteinemic patients. After sucrose feeding of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia the concentration of phosphoglycerides (PG) the incorporation rate of labelled precursors in PG were significantly lower than in normolipoproteinemic patients and in hyperlipoproteinemic patients on an ordinary diet. The incorporation rate of leucine into hepatic proteins and the hepatic protein concentration were the same in non-sucrose-fed controls, sucrose-fed, and non-sucrose-fed hyperlipoproteinemic patients. The results indicate an increased vulnerability of the hepatic PG and protein metabolism for dietary sucrose in patients with pre-beta hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 1124673 TI - Antibody titre changes and skin reactivity in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing portocaval shunt operation. AB - Ten patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing portocaval shunt operation have been followed immunologically during their postoperative course regarding antibody titres to various antigens, viral as well as bacterial. The antibody determinations included rubella, vaccinia and cytomagalo viruses, diptheria toxoid, Candida albicans, streptolysin O, typhoid and paratyphoid O and H and the syphilis reactions: Kahn, Wassermann and Meinicke. Twenty-one blood donors served as controls. Skin test reactions to diptheria, Candida albicans, streptokinase and tuberculin were performed on the same patients. Eight patients submitted to cholecystectomy served as controls for pre-and postoperative skin tests and antibody titres. The liver cirrhosis group before operation had a significantly higher number of elevated antibody titres concomitant with a significantly reduced skin test reactivity to diphtheria toxoid and streptokinase. An increase in the number of elevated antibody titres was seen after portocaval shunt operation. In no case was a higher antibody titre associated with an increase in skin reactivity to the corresponding antigen. A number of significant titre changes to viral antigens were seen in the postoperative course without clinical evidence of the corresponding viral disease. Thes findings indicate that under certain circumstances antibody titre changes should be interpreted with caution. PMID- 1124674 TI - [Investigating the deliquent]. PMID- 1124675 TI - [Psychophysiology of psychosomatic conversion]. PMID- 1124676 TI - [Administration of the psychiatric department of the San Carlos Hospital at the Complutense University of Madrid]. PMID- 1124678 TI - EEG abnormalities in adolescent drug abusers. PMID- 1124677 TI - [Instability of diagnosis in psychiatry and its relation to currencies (preliminary study)]. PMID- 1124679 TI - Suicide and adolescence. PMID- 1124680 TI - Schoolchildren's attitudes toward public authority figures. PMID- 1124681 TI - The meaning of dating from the role perspective of-non-dating pre-adolescents. PMID- 1124682 TI - Reputation and the adolescent girl: an analysis. PMID- 1124683 TI - Goal-setting as compensation for fear-of-success. AB - Stories written in response to an academic achievement cue by junior high girls were scored for imagery that reflected fear of success. Fifty-four percent contained fear-of success themes, less than previously reported for college girls. The subjects subsequently worked in a group setting as they identified mistakes in a set of pictures. Each subject kept tally of her own progress as she proceeded with the task. Fifty-eight subjects were encouraged to set goals as they worked through the pictures and found significantly more mistakes from first picture to last than the 37 subjects who received control instructions. Task response was compared to interpretation of the story cue. The subjects who wrote positive stories and received control instructions for the picture mistake task found significantly more mistakes as they progressed through the task than the subjects who wrote fear-of-success stories. No significant difference in mistake indentification was found when goal-setting instructions were given between those who had written positive stories and those who had written fear-of-success stories. Goal-setting instructions appeared to compensate for the effects of fear of-success that many girls exhibited. PMID- 1124684 TI - The management of adolescent crises in family practice. PMID- 1124685 TI - Identity status: its relationship to Rorschach performance and to daily life pattern. PMID- 1124686 TI - Dating patterns, sexual relationships and use of contraceptives of 700 unwed mothers during a two year period following delivery. AB - Little has been systematically studied regarding the adjustment period following the birth of an illegitimate child and finalizing the decision to either raise or relinquish the child for adoption. In order to better understand the phenomenon it was decided to ask the UM herself regarding her experience. Seven hundred UMs were sent a questionnaire, each being randomly assigned to several time intervals varying from 3 to 18 months post decision time. The UMs were approximately 98% Caucasian, coming from primarily low and middle socioeconomic levels, and residing in the Upper Midwest. Questionnaires were returned by 79% of the UMs (n equals 550). Over 75% of thses had relinquished their child for adoption. The majority of the UMs reported they were dating (86%), with approximately one-half dating someone steadily at the time of the study. Those who relinquished reported a higher incidence of dating in general, however, those who kept their children were more linely to date and marry the alleged father (AF). Approximately one half of the UMs had indicated having had sexual intercourse, and over 75% of these indicated that they were contracepting. However, of those not having had intercourse, approximately 10% were contracepting. These dating patterns and sexual relationships varied by age and the respective decision regarding the child. As other adjustment areas are examined in the total study it is hoped that a clearer understanding of the dyamics will be forthcoming. PMID- 1124688 TI - The Hot Line and its training problems for adolescent listeners. PMID- 1124687 TI - Sex differences in equalitarianism and anxiety in ninth grade students. PMID- 1124689 TI - The impact of military service on the male adolescent. PMID- 1124690 TI - Civilian psychiatric evaluations for young men facing the draft. PMID- 1124691 TI - Changing patterns in the delinquent activities of boys and girls: a self-reported delinquency analysis. PMID- 1124692 TI - The effects of clique membership upon academic achievement. PMID- 1124693 TI - Molecular-weight derivative of heparin that is orally active in mice. PMID- 1124694 TI - Heparin is an anionic hydrated anticoagulant. PMID- 1124695 TI - What is "heparin"? PMID- 1124696 TI - Application of the kinetics of heparin to the formulation of dosage schedules. PMID- 1124697 TI - Crystalline structure of heparin. PMID- 1124698 TI - Heparin interaction with activiated factor X and its inhibitor. PMID- 1124699 TI - Evidence of a catalytic role of heparin in anticoagulation reactions. PMID- 1124700 TI - Heparin lysolecithin, and platelet function. PMID- 1124701 TI - Effect of lung and gut heparin on experimental arterial thrombosis. PMID- 1124702 TI - "Lipolipin": a glycoprotein inhibitor of postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase. PMID- 1124703 TI - The effect of heparin on oxygen transport from blood to tissues. PMID- 1124704 TI - Clinical implications of heparin. PMID- 1124705 TI - Long-term use of minidose heparin in post-myocardial infarction. PMID- 1124706 TI - Wall-bonded heparin--historical background and current clinical applications. PMID- 1124707 TI - Surface-bonded heparin. PMID- 1124708 TI - Demonstration of endogenous heparin in rat blood. PMID- 1124709 TI - Relation of chemical of heparin to its anticoagulant activity. PMID- 1124710 TI - Treating heroin overdose. AB - Immediate attention must be given to the respiratory system of the heroin abuser; then he should be given naloxone HCl. Search for evidence of use of additional drugs, which may compound problems. Pulmonary edema, aspiration pneumonia and pulmonary embolization are the most common complications. Infections, particularly endocarditis, and cardiac arrhythmia also occur with heroin overdose. Hepatitis is common. Treatment must include not only attention to the presenting symptoms but also referral to a rehabilitation center when possible. PMID- 1124711 TI - Hemodialysis in the home. AB - Hemodialysis can be performed safely and satisfactorily in the home. It is the method of choice for long-term maintence dialysis in properly selected patients and offers an excellent opportunity for porlonged survival and rehabilitation. Minimal criteria include the availability of an assistant, suitable physical facilities, appropriate age, adequate intellectual capacity and the potential for rehabilitation. PMID- 1124712 TI - Unusual toxicities from cancer and immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 1124713 TI - Psychohormonal treatment during the menopause. AB - Today the physician who treats women with emotional problems during menopause cannot function solely as a psychotherapist; he must deal with both their soma and psyche. The interaction between the endocrine and emotional states has long been known. When the equilibrium of an essentially normal state--menopause--is disturbed, a multifaceted approach is essential to restore homeostasis. Hormone replacement, psychotherapy and psychotropic drugs may all be necessary. Serial vaginal smears are useful in monitoring therapy. PMID- 1124714 TI - Natural history of S-T segment elevation after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Clinical, electrocardiographic and cineventriculographic data in two patient groups were analyzed to define the natural history of S-T segment elevation after myocardial infarction. In sixteen of 22 patients (73 percent) with acute inferior myocardial infarction, S-T segment elevation was present on hospital admission, persisting in 1 (5 percent) by the 2nd week. S-T segment elevation was present on admission in 18 of 23 patients (78 per cent) with acute anterior myocardial infarction and persisted in 13 after 1 week and in 9 of 14 (64 percent) during a follow-up period of 1 to 6 months. S-T segment elevation lasting more than 2 weeks after myocardial infarction did not resolve. Compared with patients with inferior myocardial infarction or anterior infarction without persistent S-T segment elevation, patients with anterior infarction and persistent S-T segment elevation had a higher level of mean maximal serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), more severe left ventricular decompensation and a greater frequency of death in the early follow-up period. In a separate series of 95 patients with cineangiographically documented coronary artery disease, 40 of 65 patients (62 percent) with advanced anterior and apical asynergy had persistent S-T segment elevation. By contrast, only 1 of 30 (3 percent) with coronary disease and normal ventriculograms had persistent S-T segment elevation. We concluded that (1) the natural history of S-T segment elevation after myocardial infarction is resolution within 2 weeks in 95 percent of inferior but in only 40 percent of anterior infarctions; (2) S-T segment elevation persisting more than 2 weeks after myocardial infarction does not resolve; (3) persistent S-T segment elevation is associated with clinically more severe myocardial infarction; and (4) in patients with coronary artery disease, persistent S-T segment elevation after myocardial infarction is a specific but insensitive index of advanced asynergy. PMID- 1124715 TI - Q waves and ventricular asynergy: predictive value and hemodynamic significance of anatomic localization. AB - Two hundred sixteen consecutive patients were evaluated to determine the value of pathologic Q waves in predicting the presence and severity of ventricular asynergy. Of 64 patients with pathologic Q waves, 95 percent demonstrated asynergy. Q waves in the anterior leads denoted asynergy in 30 of 30 patients, anterior asynergy in 29 of 30 and an anterior aneurysm in 25. Q waves in the inferior leads indicated asynergy in 30 of 33 patients, inferior asynergy in 25 of 30 and an associated aneurysm in 19. Conversely, of 52 patients with an aneurysm, 44 also had pathologic Q waves. If Q waves were present, 72 percent of asynergic zones exhibited akinesis or dyskinesis; however, in the absence of Q waves an aneurysm was present in only 22 percent (P less than 0.0001). Hemodynamically, anterior asynergy, whether defined by Q waves or by ventriculography, was associated with more left ventricular dysfunction than was inferior asynergy (P less than 0.01). Of 21 patients with a cardiomyopathy, none had pathologic Q waves. The data indicate that pathologic Q waves can aid significantly in predicting the presence and location of a severely asynergic zone. Although their absence does not exclude the possibility of asynergy, the latter is much less likely and, if present, amy be of milder form. PMID- 1124716 TI - Effects of changes in preload, afterload and inotropic state on ejection and isovolumic phase measures of contractility in the conscious dog. AB - Despite much investigation, the usefulness of various indexes employed clinically for detecting alterations in ventricular contractility in the intact circulation remains controversial. The effects of acute preload, afterload and contractility changes on both ejection and isovolumic phase measures of left ventricular function were analyzed in normal, trained conscious dogs instrumented with micromanometers and endocardial ultrasonic diameter gauges. Rapid volume overload increased the excursion of the left ventricular diameter (delta LVD) by 7 percent above the control level, but mean velocity of circumferential shortening (VCF) did not change significantly; peak rate of left ventricular pressure rise (dP/dt) increased by 11 percent and (dP/dt)/DP40 (DP = developed pressure) was augmented by 10 percent, but maximal [(dP/dt)/LVP], or "Vpm," decreased by 20 percent. Pressure overload by phenylephrine infusion decreased delta LVD by 15 percent and mean VCF fell by 26 percent; peak dP/dt and (dP/dt)/DP40 remained unaltered, but VPM was reduced by 37 percent. Isoproterenol augmented peak dP/dt by 55 percent, and (dP/dt)/DP40, Vpm and mean VCF were increased comparably. Propranolol decreased these measures equally by about 16 percent. Therefore, in the conscious animal in the steady state, isovolumic phase indexes were mildly influenced by acute volume loading, wheras ejection phase indexes were not. Acute increases in aortic pressure markedly reduced ejection phase measures, whereas the isovolumic indexes were unaffected. All of the indexes studied were comparably sensitive to acute alterations in contractility, but we conclude that no single measure can always be used for defining an acute contractility change in the intact circulation. PMID- 1124717 TI - Noninvasive assessment of clinical response to oral propranolol therapy. AB - Nineteen patients with severe but stable angina pectoris entered a double blind controlled study to evaluate the effect of orally administered propranolol on exercise tolerance measured with a bicycle ergometer, and left ventricular function measured by echocardiography and systolic time intervals. In the group treated with propranolol the dose was increased from 80 to 320 mg/day. Studies including determination of propranolol blood levels were obtained before treatment and for each dose of propranolol. With propranolol, 80 mg/day, total work performance increased by 128 percent from 765 plus or minus 125 before treatment to 1,792 plus or minus 285 kilopond-meters (mean plus or minus standard error) (P less than 0.01). With 160 mg of propranolol daily, total work performance decreased, but remained higher than at control levels. In the group given propranolol, left ventricular function decreased progressively with increasing doses of the drug. As measured from the echocardiogram, maximal endocardial posterior wall velocity decreased 42 percent, from 72 plus or minus 7 to to 41 plus or minus 4 mm/sec (P less than 0.02); ejection fraction decreased 13 percent, from 0.68 plus or minus 0.01 to 0.59 plus or minus 0.01; and end diastolic bolume increased 28 percent, from 79 plus or minus 11 to 102 plus or minus 9 ml/m2 (P less than 0.05). The preejection period and the ratio between preejection period and left ventricular ejection time significantly increased with progessive dose increments. There was no correlation between blood level of propranolol and improved work performance. Exercise tolerance was maximally improved with doses of 80 to 160 mg/day. At higher dose levels left ventricular function deteriorated and exercise work decreased. Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function proved more valuable than determination of drug blood levels in managing patients with angina pectoris and provided a guide to optimal adjustment of dosage. PMID- 1124718 TI - The use of practolol in supraventricular arrhythmias associated with acute illnesses. AB - Supraventricular arrhythmias complicating acute illnesses were treated with intravenously administered practolol, a cardioselective beta adrenergic blocking agent. Slowing of atrioventricular conduction resulted in rapid control of ventricular rate in 23 of 33 episodes (70 percent) in 31 patients. Profound hypotension developed in two patients, presumably as a result of interference with adrenergic circulatory support. Serum levels from 19 patients showed no correlation with response to therapy and were much lower than levels previously reported necessary for slowing of tachycardias induced by isoproterenol and exercise. Response to practolol was maximum within 15 minutes and was not improved by additional dosage sufficient to raise serum levels. Practolol was a rapidly effective and safe antiarrhythmic agent in situations in which propranolol would be contraindicated and the risk of digitalis toxicity increased; it should be considered a primary drug for initiation of therapy for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 1124719 TI - Inefficacy of "therapeutic" serum levels of digoxin in controlling the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation. AB - Although therapeutic and toxic serum concentrations of digoxin have been established, there is sparse information permitting correlation of drug level with clinical effect. This study was undertaken to assess the radioimmunoassay serum digoxin levels in 30 patients with acute atrial fibrillation (38 determinations) and 30 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (54 determinations). Those with chronic fibrillation were subdivided into those in clinically stable condition (14 patients), and those seriously ill and in clinically unstable condition (16 patients). Slowing of ventricular rate in patients with stable, chronic atrial fibrillation was accomplished in 10 of 16 instances by "therapeutic" and "subtherapeutic" levels of digoxin (less than 2 ng/ml). Ventricular rate was "controlled" (65 to 95 beats/min) with therapeutic levels of serum digoxin in only five instances of acute atrial fibrillation and seven of unstable chronic atrial fibrillation. In 43 studies (23 of acute atrial fibrillation, 20 of chronic atrial fibrillation), a rapid ventricular rate (95 to 140 beats/min) persisted in the presence of "therapeutic" or high levels of digoxin. Thirty-nine of these were in patients who were seriously ill with conditions such as infection, hypoxia or recent thoracotomy. Slowing of the ventricular rate required "toxic" concentrations of digoxin (2.5 to 6 ng/ml) in 15 instances. We conclude that sufficient amounts of digoxin to achieve "therapeutic" serum concentrations may fall to lower the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation to less than 100 beats/min, especially when a serious, complicating illness coexists. PMID- 1124720 TI - Action of drugs in patients early after cardiac surgery. I. Comparison of isoproterenol and dopamine. AB - Dopamine and isoproterenol were each administered in two different doses to 12 patients with coronary artery disease in the period immediately after open heart surgery. The two doses of dopamine resulted in respective increases in cardiac output of 23 and 43 percent and reductions in systemic vascular resistance of 23 and 32 percent; neither dose significantly altered heart rate. The two doses of isoproterenol caused respective increases of 23 and 37 percent in cardiac output and 18 and 28 percent in heart rate and reductions in systemic vascular resistance of 22 and 29 percent. We conclude that lack of chronotropic effect of dopamine as compared with isoproterenol may make the former the agent of choice in patients requiring inotropic agents for their care in the early period after cardiac surgery. PMID- 1124721 TI - Hyperkinetic heart in severe hypertension: a separate clinical hemodynamic entity. AB - A long-term study of established hypertension helped identify a well defined group of 10 patients who differed both clinically and hemodynamically from 59 patients with the more frequent form of this disease. Their cardiac output was significantly increased (P less than 0.001) despite a severe elevation of arterial pressure (average 212/125 mm Hg plus or minus 13.5/7.3[standard error[). All had labile hypertension of long standing (16.2 years average) that was difficult to control and always symptomatic; in all, the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma had to be specifically excluded. Increased myocardial contractility was suggested by (1) significant elevation of the rate of rise of isovolumic pressure (P less than 0.001), and (2) high ratio of cardiac output to cardiopulmonary volume (P less than 0.005). Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol helped to alleviate symptoms and to control tachycardia but failed by itself to reduce arterial pressure. PMID- 1124722 TI - Atypical posterior leaflet motion in echocardiogram in mitral stenosis. AB - The echocardiographic diagnosis of mitral stenosis is based on the finding of a decreased early diastolic slope of the anterior mitral leaflet. This finding is also seen in other conditions in which the rate of left ventricular filling is reduced by decreased compliance of the ventricular myocardium rather than by mitral valve obstruction. Patients with "true" mitral stenosis have been differentiated from those with decreased ventricular compliance resulting in "false" mitral stenosis by the direction of movement of the posterior mitral valve leaflet. This report describes a patient with mitral stenosis proved at cardiac catheterization whose echocardiogram showed posterior motion of thickened posterior mitral leaflet during diastole, a finding previously considered to exclude organic mitral stenosis. This false negative echocardiographic finding in proved mitral stenosis has not previously been reported. PMID- 1124723 TI - Echocardiographic findings in isolated, surgically created tricuspid insufficiency. AB - The effects of surgically created tricuspid insufficiency on the right ventricular dimension and the motion of the interventricular septum were determined by serial echocardiography in a patient with a hemodynamically normal heart who underwent tricuspid valvulectomy and later tricuspid valve replacement for medically intractable bacterial endocarditis. Initially, both the right ventricular dimension (1.8 cm) and motion of the interventricular septum were normal. After valvulectomy interventricular septal motion became distinctly paradoxical (pattern A, later pattern B), and the right ventricular dimension progressively increased to 3.5 cm. After successful tricuspid valve replacement interventricular septal motion promptly returned toward normal as did the right ventricular dimension (2.2 cm). The rapid changes in these echocardiographic variables with creation and relief of acute right ventricular volume overload correspond well with results of previous work in experimental animals but differ from findings in man with chronic right ventricular volume overload. PMID- 1124724 TI - Transient Q waves in Prinzmetal's angina. AB - Transient abnormal Q waves were seen in two patients with Prinzmetal's angina during episodes of chest pain. The Q waves appeared recurrently while the patients had chest pain and disappeared when it subsided, indicating that Q waves suggestive of myocardial infarction can be seen with severe myocardial ischemia without actual necrosis. We describe these two patients, the various conditions in which transient abnormal Q waves have been reported and the theories offered to explain this electrophysiologic finding. PMID- 1124725 TI - Ventricular aneurysm with ventricular tachycardia. Report of a case with epicardial mapping and successful resection. AB - A case of ventricular aneurysm with refractory ventricular tachycardia is presented. Epicardial mapping was used to localize the site of earliest epicardial activity to the margin of the aneurysm, and subsequent resection of this area abolished the rhythm disturbance. PMID- 1124726 TI - Cardiovascular complications of pheochromocytoma crisis. AB - Two patients with hypertensive crises due to pheochromocytoma presented with unusual features suggestive of cardiovascular disorders other than pheochromocytoma. These features included transient cortical blindness and other neurologic deficits, electrocardiographic changes indicative of transmural infarction and peripheral arterial spasm. In both patients the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made later; removal of the tumor was followed by ready reversal of the clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Management of such cases includes suspicion of the diagnosis in the presence of atypical features, early initiation of therapy with alpha and beta adrenergic blocking agents and a definitive surgical procedure before peripheral vascular changes become irreversible. When an apparent myocardial infarction occurs, the diagnosis of coronary artery disease cannot always be excluded, but rapid stabilization of the clinical and electrocardiographic changes after adrenergic blockade would favor the diagnosis of a catecholamine-induced myocarditis. The coexistence of coronary artery disease and uncontrollable arrhythmias presents an increased risk but, if pheochromocytoma is suspected, surgery may be necessary despite the increased risk. PMID- 1124727 TI - Valve replacement--a perspective. AB - Several potential hazards in the evaluation of patients with valve replacement are emphasized. A more uniform method of analysis of data is urgently needed. In the symptomatically disabled patient aortic and mitral valve replacement have improved both the quality of life and the length of life, provided that the disease is not far advanced. Anticoagulation with sodium warfarin is still needed in patients with prosthetic valves. Many important questions, including those related to ventricular function and choice of prosthetic devices, remain unanswered. The cost-benefit ratio and a weighting of various complications of valve replacement should be assessed. Many factors have to be taken into account before considering valve replacement early in the course of the patient's disease. PMID- 1124728 TI - Hemodynamic changes after valve replacement with Starr-Edwards prostheses. AB - A brief review of the pathophysiology of aortic and mitral valve disease and the hemodynamic results of valve replacement with caged ball prostheses are described. In most patients intracardiac pressures and restored to normal at rest, although there are small pressure gradients across mechanical valves. Severe pulmonary hypertension, if present, usually will regress. With exercise, abnormalities of left atrial pressure or left ventricular function may be found after valve replacement. The causes of failure to achieve hemodynamic improvement with surgery and the late return of congestive failure are discussed. PMID- 1124729 TI - Myocardial ultrastructure in patients with chronic aortic valve disease. AB - Light and electron microscopic observations were made on left ventricular myocardium removed at operation from 16 patients with chronic aortic valve disease. In all 16 patients most cardiac muscle cells were hypertrophid, and surrounded by small amounts of fibrous tissue. In two of the six patients with pure aortic regurgitation and in four of the five patients with combined aortic stenosis and regurgitation, cardiac muscle cells with evidence of degeneration were present in addition to hypertrophied, nondegenerated cells. Degenerated cardiac muscle cells were not observed in the six patients with predominant aortic stenosis. Cardiac muscle cells with mild degeneration showed focal myofibrillar lysis, with preferential loss of thick myofilaments, and focal proliferation of tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum. More severely degenerated muscle cells showed a marked decrease in the numbers of myofibrils and T tubules and proliferation of sarcoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria, or both. Severly degenerated cells usually were present in areas of marked fibrosis, often were atrophic, had thickened basement membranes and had lost their intercellular connections. These findings suggest that degenerated cardiac muscle cells have poor contractile function and may be responsible for impaired cardiac performance in some patients with chronic aortic valve disease. PMID- 1124730 TI - Editorial: Who is a cardiologist? PMID- 1124731 TI - Diet, growth and cultural food habits in Chinese-American infants. AB - This study was composed of one hundred Chinese-American mothers and infants in the Chinatown district of San Francisco. The mothers were interviewed with regard to infants' dietary intakes and past dietary patterns, infant health, maternal pre-natal history and diet, cultural habits, and socio-economic status. Infants' growth patterns were recorded and compared to those of American and Chinese babies. Their growth patterns were noted to be dissimilar to both American and Chinese growth patterns, but to be very similar to infant growth patterns in underdeveloped countries. The cultural influences on the dietary intakes were commented upon. PMID- 1124732 TI - Increase of pain threshold as a function of conditionsing electrical stimulation. An experimental study with application to electro-acupuncture for pain suppression. AB - Previous studies have shown that 2 Hz electrical conditioning stimulation of hands and cheeks increased the tooth pain threshold. In the present study the relation between strength of conditioning stimulation and amplitude of pain threshold increase is elucidated. Intense conditioning stimulation, giving subjective beating sensations and extensive muscles twitches, is required to obtain a substantial pain threshold increase. The results are discussed in relation to intensities used in electro-acupuncture and to interindividual variation of the effect. It is suggested that pain relief is obtained due to an inhibitory feed-back mechanism activated, not via low threshold afferents but via high threshold afferents. PMID- 1124733 TI - Preliminary observations on the effect of acupuncture on immune responses in sensitized rabbits and guinea pigs. AB - A preliminary report is presented on the possible effect of acupuncture on immune responses in rabbits injected with sheep RBC and in guinea pigs with an encephalitoenic antigen preparation. Results from acupuncturing experimental animals at four loci-Ta-Chu, Tsu-San-Li, Ch u-Chih-Shih-strongly suggest that acupuncture has an effect on the immune response. If these observations can be substantiated by more refined methods in subsequent experiments, a new avenue will be opened for acupuncture research. PMID- 1124734 TI - The treatment of headaches employing acupuncture. AB - Thirty-three patients have been treated by acupuncture since July 8, 1974, using body loci, ear points and electrical stimulation. Of the 33 cases, 18 were female and 15 were male, ranging in age from 25 to 77 years. Sixteen patients suffered from migraines, 12 from tension headaches, 2 from cluster headaches, 1 from vascular headaches, and for 2 patients the etiology was uncertain. The duration of the headaches ranged from 3 months to 40 years. The patients received from 3 to 16 treatments. Of the 33 cases, 5 patients had only 3 treatments and 10 patients had 5 or less treatments. Eighteen patients had good results, i.e., no headache at all. Twelve patients had fair results, that is they sometimes had headaches, but they could be controlled with a few repetitions of treatment or by analgesics at a lesser dosage than they were taking at the beginning of treatments. Three patients had no response at all or poor results; however, these discontinued treatment before the author could evaluate whether they were actual absolute no-response cases. Of the 33 patients, 2 patients had a good response after only 2 treatments; 4 had a good response after 10 treatments. However, most of the patients had a good response after 6-8 treatments. A course of treatment usually requires 10 to 14 visits befor definite evaluation of the results can be made. It was observed that patients with fair or particularly poor results usually discontinued treatment too early and/or had concomitant conditions as well. Even though a longer period of time for follow-up is necessary before drawing any conclusions, results have already shown that acupuncture, perhaps, can be a valuable form of treatment for headaches. PMID- 1124735 TI - New medical therapy for the common cold, influenza and bronchitis. Translation by F.F. Kao of an excerpt of a Chinese book. PMID- 1124736 TI - The management of foreign affairs of the GI tract. AB - The flexible fiberoptic endoscope has not been employed consistently in the removal of foreign bodies from the gastrointestinal tract due to size limitations of the forceps and biopsy channel. The following report describes a technique for extracting large irregular objects from the upper-gastrointestinal tract, employing the polypectomy snare. It is a safe and reproducible procedure for the careful extraction of impacted objects. PMID- 1124737 TI - The influence of carbenoxolone on steroid-induced ulcer and mucus secretion in the rat. AB - In rats, gastric mucus was decreased by starvation. The administration of carbenoxolone sodium, prednisolone, or their combination to starved rats brought the level of gastric mucus to that of nonstarved controls. Concomitant treatment with carbenoxolone sodium did not prevent prednisolone-induced ulceration of the glandular stomach in starved rats. The ulcerations of the prostomach (squamous spithelium)induced by starvation were prevented by carbenoxolone sodium, prednisolone, or the combination of the two. PMID- 1124738 TI - Hypercalcemia associated with esophageal carcinoma in the absence of bone metastasis. PMID- 1124739 TI - Case report: An unusual case of portal systemic encephalopathy. PMID- 1124740 TI - Case report: Diarrhea syndrome in hepatic adenoma. PMID- 1124741 TI - Letters to the editor: Red-cell acetylcholinesterase activity in duodenal ulcer. PMID- 1124742 TI - Letter: Ampicillin-associated diarrhea. PMID- 1124743 TI - Effects of meals and interruption of enterohepatic circulation on flow, lipid composition, and cholesterol saturation of bile in man after cholecystectomy. AB - In 4 patients studied after cholecystectomy and common-duct exploration for cholesterol gallstones, bile salt (BS) and phospholipid (PL) output and bile flow increased significantly in response to breakfast, but cholesterol (Ch) output was unaltered. Simultaneously, Ch concentration decreased while PL and BS concentrations did not change. The degree of Ch saturation of bile, [BS PLUS PL]/[ch], decreased in each study, whether or not the original ratio indicated Ch supersaturation; in 3 of 5 studies, an initially super-saturated bile became unsaturated with Ch in response to breakfast. No significant changes were noted after lunch. During interruption of enterohepatic circulation (EHC), studies with radiolabeled bile acids indicated that the increased bile acid output in response to meals was secondary to increased recirculation of intestinal bile acids rather than to de novo bile acid synthesis. This mechanism may account for the adequate delivery of BS and for the decreased degree of Ch saturation of bile postprandially in cholecystectomized patients. PMID- 1124744 TI - Cholinergic stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter in patients with vagotomy and antrectomy. AB - Recently cholinergic stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) with bethanechol has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Since chronic reflux and esophagitis also occur in patients with vagotomy and antrectomy, we studied the effect of bethanechol on sphincter pressure in 10 patients who had had vagotomy and antrectomy. Both subcutaneous (0.08 mg/kg) and oral (25 mg) administration of bethanechol caused significant increases in LES pressure in these patients. In addition, both subcutaneous and oral administration of bethanechol elevated hypotensive sphincter pressures to normal levels. Orally administered bethanechol produced a sustained increase in LES pressure throughout a 90-min study period. These studies suggest that cholinergic stimulation of the LES with bethanechol may be of therapeutic benefit in vagotomized and antrectomized patients with gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 1124745 TI - Relationship between serum gastrin concentration and lower-esophageal sphincter pressure. AB - Serum gastrin concentration [G] has been proposed as the major factor regulating resting lower-esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP). Available supporting evidence in man, however, is largely circumstantial. The present study directly compares measurements of LESP with concurrent levels of circulating serum gastrin in fasting human subjects. A direct correlation was not shown between [G] and resting LESP; rather, a trend existed toward an inverse relationship. The study results indicate that the concentration of serum immunoreactive gastrin is not a major determinant of lower-esophageal sphincter tone in humans. PMID- 1124746 TI - The absorption and subsequent utilization of lecithin by the rat jejunum. AB - Labeled lecithin (32P, 2-3H-glycerol, 1-14C-palmitate) was prepared for studying absorption of lecithin by rat intestine and its incorporation into microsomal and prechylomicron-chylomicron lecithin. Bile fistula rats were perfused intraduodenally with bile salts and lecithin plus a liquid diet. Intestinal samples were obtained after sacrifice and specific activities (DPM/mumol) of isotopes in lecithin were determined. Ratios of specific activities of isotopes were calculated and compared to respective ratios in the original perfusate lecithin. Radioactivity rapidly appeared in jejunal lecithin following perfusion. When specific activities of isotopes in prechylomicron-chylomicron lecithin were compared to those in microsomal lecithin, specific activities were always greater in prechylomicron-chylomicron lecithin. Analysis of ratios of specific activities of isotopes in jejunal lecithin showed that the ratios were nearly identical to those in perfusate phospholipid, indicating that the lysolecithin portion of luminal lecithin can be absorbed intact and can then be utilized for jejunal lecithin synthesis. PMID- 1124747 TI - Clindamycin-associated colitis. AB - Four cases of clindamycin-associated colitis have recently been observed at Kansas University Medical Center. There have been a few reports in the literature of colitis associated with this antibiotic, and our 4 cases are similar to those noted previously. All had the onset of diarrhea 7-14 days following the initiation of clindamycin therapy; the diarrhea persisted for weeks after the drug was discontinued. Mucosal changes ranged from focal ulceration to pseudomembrane formation. Diarrhea in a patient on clindamycin should alert the physician to the possibility of antibiotic induced colitis, a condition with significant morbidity and occasional mortality. PMID- 1124748 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts. Relationship of anatomic location to clinical features. AB - Case histories of 23 patients with adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts presenting at the Cleveland Clinic from January 1960 through March 1974 were reviewed and a comparison was made between carcinoma in the hepatic duct system and carcinomas in the common bile ducts. There were 14 cases of hepatic duct carcinoma and 9 cases of carcinoma of the common bile ducts. It was found that age, sex, presenting symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory findings were similar regardless of the location of the carcinoma. Moreover, the location of the carcinoma did not influence whether the correct diagnosis was made at the initial operation. Percutaneous cholangiography, operative cholangiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) were successful in making the diagnosis in both locations. The tumors differed in pathology. The hepatic duct carcinomas were often scirrhous; the more distal carcinomas were adenocarcinomas of varied grades of differentiation. The location influenced the type of surgery; resection was more common in the distal common bile duct cases. The average survival rate was less than 2 years for both locations. Radiation and/or 5-fluorouracil therapy did not appear to increase this survival rate. Since the prognosis is so poor, attention must focus on means of earlier diagnosis. PMID- 1124749 TI - The influence of food consumption and running activity on the activity-stress ulcer in the rat. AB - Rats housed in activity cages and fed 1 hour daily died before the end of the 21 day experimental period and revealed extensive ulcers in the glandular stomach, whereas food-yoked control rats, not housed in activity cages, did not die and were ulcer-free. Rats demonstrating high running-activity levels under ad lib feeding conditions subsequently revealed a higher incidence of lesions as compared to low-activity rats. Attempts to attenuate activity and lesion incidence by reversing the light-dark cycle failed, but the higher mortality level in rats under the reversed light-dark condition was related to higher activity levels in these rats. Young rats with high activity levels died sooner and had ulcers when compared to older rats with low activity levels. These results suggested that running activity, and not reduced food intake, was critically involved in the development of the activity-stress ulcer. PMID- 1124750 TI - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by metiamide in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 1124751 TI - Jaundice due to nicotinic acid therapy. PMID- 1124752 TI - The postcricoid impression masquerading as an esophageal tumor. PMID- 1124753 TI - An epidemiologic study of hepatitis B virus in Bangkok, Thailand. AB - Residents of a randomly selected sample of households in a low-income housing project in Bangkok were studied between July 1971 and April 1972. Prevalence of hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag) in July 1971 was 8.2% in 697 persons age one year and older and changed little with age. Prevalence of antibody to HBs Ag (anti HBs) was much higher in all age groups and was 46% overall. The prevalence of HBs Ag was higher in males than females from ages 10-29 years and the prevalence of anti-HBs was higher in males up to age 60. The HBV (combined HBs Ag and anti-HBs) age prevalence distribution in July 1971 revealed that over 20% of the children 1 4 years of age had serologic evidence of infection and that the prevalence rose rapidly with age reaching a plateau between 60-70% after age 15. During the nine months of serologic surveillance 13% of individuals acquired either HBs Ag or anti-HBs and 7% lost serologic evidence of HBV infection. The study data suggest that most HBs Ag positive persons are long-term antigen carriers, that their numbers and spatial distribution may be sufficient to account for the wide-spread transmission of HBV in this population, that close person-to-person contact with carriers is probably the most important mode of HBV transmission, and that the susceptibility to becoming an HBs Ag carrier is probably genetically determined. PMID- 1124754 TI - Determination of the site of oral rabies vaccination. AB - Foxes developed serum neutralizing antibodies to rabies only after oral administration of an attenuated rabies vaccine, and not when a similar vaccine dose was introduced into the stomach. These results emphasize the need for a bait that assures delivery of a vaccine dose orally. PMID- 1124755 TI - Nosocomial infections. PMID- 1124756 TI - Determinants of injury and opportunities for intervention. PMID- 1124757 TI - Evaluation of mortality data for cervical cancer with special reference to mass screening programs, Denmark, 1961-1971. AB - During the years 1961-1971, a total of 3696 women died in Denmark from cervical cancer. The annual mortality per 1000 was 0.23 and was constant in this period. The mortality was 0.30 in the Capital where a mass screening program has existed since 1968; in the Provinces, where screening was negligible, the rate was 0.21; the time trend was also constant. The mortality was low in youth, reaching a level of 0.30 around 45 years. Single women had the lowest mortality; among married women it was double, among widows 2-4 times higher, among divorcees 4 times. Within the marital groups, the Capital had higher or the same rates as the Provinces, except for divorcees in the Provinces who had higher rates. The lowest socioeconomic groups had the highest death rates at young ages. The effects of a total vs. an age-specific case-finding program have been estimated under three circumstances, namely that mass screening could reduce the cervical cancer mortality by 10%, by 50%, or by 100%. The impact on the public's health has been evaluated by relating the hypothetically prevented cervical cancer deaths to all cancer deaths and to deaths from all causes. The general population was subdivided by age, marital status and residence and ranked according to cervical cancer mortality. These data were used to design programs which would minimize the number of examinees and maximize the number of prvented deaths. PMID- 1124758 TI - An epidemiologic study of renal failure. II. Acute renal failure. AB - A total community study of acute renal failure (ARF) was carried out in Israel. The mean annual incidence was 4.8/100,000, the risk being 50% higher in males than in females. It was found that ARF is due primarily to a multiplicity of factors and rarely to a single cause; the high mortality associated with ARF is related to the patient's basic underlying condition. The epidemiology of ARF results from a compilation of the various conditions leading to it, and would, therefore, vary according to the differential distributions of these conditions in the population. PMID- 1124759 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam, 1945-1972. I. Descriptive epidemiology. AB - An overview of the epidemiologic studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia (PD) from 1945 through 1972 is presented. During this period 350 cases of ALS were documented. PD, which is apparently unique to the native Chamorro population, was not recognized during the early years of the study. A total of 213 PD patients have now been seen. The rates of both diseases have declined by approximately 50 per cent since 1965. In the early years incidence per 100,000 for ALS males approached 60; for females it was about 40. For PD males it was about 50; for females it was close to 20. The declines in both diseases have occurred in both sexes and at all age groups and no cohort phenomenon was observed. Marked geographic differences in the distribution of the diseases were observed with southern villages having the highest rates and western villages having the lowest rates; the remainder of the island was intermediate. Recent declines have been most marked in the southern high-rate villages. Chamorros living on the island of Rota have rates similar to those on Guam; those on Saipan have lower rates. A possible excess of ALS among Filipino residents ofGuam was noted; ALS has not been seen among other ethnic groups. Geographic mapping even in high incidence areas did not reveal true clusters or foci. Extensive case-control studies did not reveal any patterns of prior illness, life-style, or exposures distinguishing patients. A tendency for patients to be of somewhat lower socioeconomic level, have less education, eat more homegrown foods and raw meats, and more contact with animals was found. No Mendelian genetic patterns were observed; males were affected more frequently than female for both diseases. Cases did not occur before age 20, reached maximum frequency between ages 55 and 65 and there-after declined. Environmental factors associated with some aspects of the traditional way of life seem to be causally involved, but, since most aspects of the traditional life have changed in the past 50 years, the specific factors remain elusive. PMID- 1124760 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam, 1945-1972. II. Familial and genetic studies. AB - The extraordinarily high rate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism-dementia (PD) in the Chamorro linguistic group on Guam suggested a genetic etiology for these diseases. Results of three studies are described. Two involved comparisons of the rates of disease in relatives and spouses of index patients and controls. In the third we examined offspring of doubly affected parents, 10 spouse pairs with ALS, 3 spouse pairs with PD and 13 spouse pairs in which 1 spouse had ALS and the other PD. Within the limitations of numbers and age of offspring, we found a tendency among siblings and offspring of ALS cases to have a higher risk than control relatives. Numbers were small and in no instance were significant differences encountered. Spouses of patients had at least as high risk of developing ALS or PD as any of the groups of blood relatives. A slightly higher age-specific rate of ALS and PD occurred in the offspring of doubly affected parents. The only group large enough for present analysis are 60 offspring of doubly affected ALS parents over the age of 20. Thus far only 3 have developed ALS. Within our entire patient population of 350 ALS cases and 219 PD cases there were 12 instances in which one parent of the patient was not Chamorro. In addition there is a consistent two- to threefold excess of affected males which could not be accounted for by competitive risks of death from other causes among females. While a familial tendency does exist these findings and observations are not compatible with any simple Mendelian form of inheritance. It is possible that genetic influences affect the occurrence of these diseases but our studies suggest that environmental factors play at least as important a role. PMID- 1124761 TI - A method for estimating the prevalence of tuberculosis infection. AB - The prevalence of tuberculous infection in a population is generally estimated from calculating the proportion of tested individuals who react with at least 10 mm of induration to 5 TU of PPD-S tuberculin. Reactions due to infection with atypical mycobacteria, however, may cause the prevalence to be overestimated. This paper is concerned with an alternative method of estimating the prevalence of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The method utilizes population distributions of reaction size by dividing study populations into two groups- individuals with and without known exposure to tuberculosis. The mathematical model developed here removes the effect of atypical infections and provides a truer picture of tuberculous infection. Data from a Navy recruit population demonstrate the use of the model with the result that among recruits with no known exposure to tuberculosis, the estimated prevalence is reduced by about one half. Among recuits with known exposure to tuberculosis, there is essentially no difference between the two methods. Important advantages in using this method are that probabilities of true infection by induration size are generated, and that itis less sensitive to variations caused by differences in reading techniques and in tuberculin potencies. Furthermore, it is applicable to other diseases if the underlying assumptions are met. PMID- 1124762 TI - Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, beta thalassemia, and the hemoglobin delta-beta locus: further family data and genetic interpretations. AB - Three Negro kindreds with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) alone and in combination with various other hemoglobin abnormalities including beta thalassemia are presented. Among 11 offspring of two women heterozygous for both HPFH and the delta chain mutation Hb B2, five inherited the HPFH gene and six inherited the Hb B2 gene. In another kindred, a man inferred to be heterozygous for both HPFH and Hb C had six children; three offsprivg obtained the Hb C gene and three the HPFH gene. Similarly, a woman heterozygous for both Hb S and HPFH transmitted the Hb S gene to one of her two children and the HPFH gene to the other. Thus among 19 offspring, no crossovers between the HPFH locus or the Hb delta-beta locus were observed. These and earlier data are compatible with deletion of the Hb beta and delta loci as the primary event to explain the genetic origin of HPFH. Genetic considerations indicate that the finding of a single person with a hematologically normal phenotype among offspring of heterozygotes for both the African type of HPFH and a Hb beta or Hb delta structural abnormality would invalidate the deletion model. PMID- 1124763 TI - Observations of de novo clones of cytogentically aberrant cells in primary fibroblast cell strains from phenotypically normal women. AB - In a recent study of chromosome breakage frequencies in 36 primary fibroblast cell strains derived from skin from 10 phenotypically normal women, we observed seven different clones of cells having consistent chromosomal abnormalities. Five of the stem lines were noted in cultures from "control" women and two in fibroblasts from women taking oral contraceptives. We observed aneuploid clones as well as stem lines bearing structural abnormalities (e.g., translocation, inversions). The various aberrant clones were found in cultures ranging in age from 41 to 144 days and comprised varying percentages of the cell populations ranging from 0.8% to virtually 100%. The possible evolution in culture of clones of cells having aberrant karyotypes should be considered in interpreting findings from fibroblast cultures initiated for clinical evaluation. PMID- 1124764 TI - Screening for microcytemia in Italy: analysis of data collected in the past 30 years. AB - Extensive population surveys begun in Italy in 1943 revealed a high incidence of mycrocytemia. Health authorities established a national organization to combat microcytemia which financed and directed activities throughout Italy from 1955 to 1971. The work performed by the microcytemia centers in screening and prophylaxis is described. The results of a screening program underway since 1967 involving 46,559 students of the University of Rome are presented in detail. A preliminary survey of 256 families revealed that the incidence of subsequent births after the births of a child affected by Cooley's anemia was generally low. Results obtained to date are encouraging and justify more extensive programs for the prevention and treatment of microcytemia. PMID- 1124765 TI - Half chromatid mutations: transmission in humans? AB - Attention is drawn to the possibility of half chromatid and early somatic mutations and to several implications of these mosaic-yielding events. There is suggestive evidence that spontaneous mutations can result in mosaics. A world wide cooperative study of Lesch-Nyhan families could determine the extent of half chromatid mutation transmission and early somatic mutation in humans. PMID- 1124766 TI - Haptoglobin-ABO interaction: a possible explanation for the excess of Hp 1 among offspring of ABO incompatible matings. AB - The Hp1 frequency among ABO phenotypes varies in the Hutterite population as follows: O less than A less than B less than AB. Within group O, the Hp1 frequency is significantly lower than the Hp1 frequency among the other groups combined. The Hp1 frequencies among ABO genotypes, known by means of family pedigrees, vary as follows: OO less than AO less than BO less than AB less than AA less than BB. This holds for both main subjects of this isolate, although they have been reproductively isolated since World War I. The higher Hp1 frequency among type A, B, and AB individuals explains the observation of the higher Hp1 frequencies found among H-leut offspring who are incompatible with their mothers (mainly AO offspring of OO mothers) compared to offspring from the same matings who are compatible with their mothers. PMID- 1124767 TI - Evidence for the inactivation of an X chromosome early in the development of the human female. AB - Studies of somatic tissues and cultured cells, including fibroblast clones, from human embryos heterozygous for the electrophoretic variants of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase confirm that one X chromosome is inactivated very early in embryonic development and indicate that X inactivation has occurred in the majority of cells from a variety of tissues at least by 5 weeks from conception. PMID- 1124768 TI - Genetic counseling. PMID- 1124769 TI - Letter: Chances of proving nonpaternity with tests for a sex-linked trait. PMID- 1124770 TI - Letter: Exclusion of paternity. PMID- 1124771 TI - Letter: Inherited cases of choanal atresia. PMID- 1124773 TI - Letter: Harmful effects of particles in intravenous infusions. PMID- 1124772 TI - Letter: On the inclusion of all doctorates in genetic programs. PMID- 1124774 TI - Letter:Resident evaluation preceptor. PMID- 1124775 TI - Letter: Pharmacist standard for maintaining professional competence. PMID- 1124776 TI - Letter: Excretion of diphenylhydantoin in human milk. PMID- 1124777 TI - Editorial: World list of pharmacy periodicals. PMID- 1124778 TI - Physician attitudes toward drug information resources. AB - A survey of the drug information needs of physicians in western Washington State is discussed. Of 5006 questionnaires mailed to physicians, 1227 were returned completed. The results showed that physicians depended primarily on journals and texts for drug information. Pharmacists were seldom considered as sources of drug information which would directly affect patient therapy. Slightly more than a third of the respondents indicated a willingness to pay for drug information services PMID- 1124779 TI - Regional drug information service benefits: free versus fee-for-service. AB - Health providers in a four-state area who had utilized the Nebraska Regional Drug Information Service were surveyed to determine: (1) if providers would pay a fee for drug information services; and (2) if they would prefer a per-call fee or an annual subscription fee. Of 1,000 questionnaires mailed, approximately 500 were returned and analyzed. Results indicated that 52% of those responding felt that the drug information service provided direct benefits to patients. The service fee preferred most was $2.00 to $5.00 per call or $25.00 per year. Actual operating cost data showed that a per-call charge of $2.50 would not permit the service to break even. However, it was projected that the service would break even if it charged an annual fee of $25.00. PMID- 1124780 TI - Experience with a drug information services review committee. AB - The efforts of a committee to review the performance of a formal drug information service were evaluated. The organization and functions of the committee are described, Among other duties, the committee rates the difficulty of a random selection of questions and the adequacy of the answers provided. These ratings were compared to the evaluations of the persons asking the questions. There appeared to be a correlation between the ratings of the review committee and the evaluation of users of the service. PMID- 1124781 TI - The pharmacist's ability to use bioavailability data. AB - The ability of the pharmacist to use analytical, dissolution, blood level, excretion and cost data in evaluating drug products was studied. A questionnaire asked respondents to evaluate four brands of an antibiotic based on the comparative data presented. The responses of 19 pharmacists were compared to those of an expert panel. The pharmacists performed adequately in evaluating all types of data except urinary excretion data. PMID- 1124782 TI - Unit dose packaging of respiratory therapy solutions. AB - A program of preparing respiratory therapy medications in a tamper-proof, disposable, unit dose package was developed and evaluated. Comparisons were made between the old system of dispensing respiratory therapy solutions and the new unit dose system. The evaluation indicated that: (1) personnel costs between the two systems were similar; (2) patient charges increased under the unit dose system by approximately 10 cents per dose; (3) packaging technique and controls improved under the unit dose system; and (4) medication errors were reduced. PMID- 1124783 TI - Licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. AB - Licorice ingestion as a cause of pseudoaldosteronism is discussed. The mechanism whereby licorice, when consumed in large quantities, exhibits the physiologic properties of aldosterone, is reviewed. A case report of a 51-year-old male hospitalized with hypertension and hypokalemia is presented with reports of laboratory findings which lead to the diagnosis of pseudoaldosteronism. PMID- 1124784 TI - World list of pharmacy periodicals--revised and enlarged edition, 1975. PMID- 1124785 TI - Cardiovascular therapy and the citizen's concern. PMID- 1124786 TI - Symposium on pharmacologic and clinical control of cardiovascular drugs. Comments from the Food and Drug Administration. PMID- 1124787 TI - A new look at an old problem: mushroom poisoning. Clinical presentations and new therapeutic approaches. PMID- 1124788 TI - Effect of intrarenal furosemide on renal function and intratenal hemodynamics in acute renal failure. AB - The ability of short-term furosemide administration to alter intrarenal hemodynamics and to modify the clinical course of acute renal failure was assessed in six patients 2 to 9 days after the onset of acute renal failure. Following renal arterial catheterization, the intraarterial administration of furosemide at a dose of 9.6 mg/min for 30 minutes failed to improve renal function as assessed either by an increase in urine output or a decrease in serum creatinine during the 4 days after administration in the five oliguric patients. In a sixth patient with nonoliguric acute renal failure, urine volume increased with a gradual decrease in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine during the week after study. Furosemide failed to alter either mean renal blood flow or its intrarenal distribution as determined at intervals of 3 to 40 minutes after its infusion. These studies demonstrate that the short-term administration of furosemide in large doses does not improve renal hemodynamics or alter the clinical course of patients with established acute oliguric renal failure. PMID- 1124789 TI - Studies in myasthenia gravis: early thymectomy. Electrophysiologic and pathologic correlations. AB - Indications for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis have been recently expanded to include all cases with extraocular symptoms as a result of the minimal morbidity and negligible mortality of the transcervical approach. As increasing numbers of patients with myasthenia gravis, covering the entire spectrum of generalized disease, have been added to the thymectomy population, a more accurate evaluation of the effects of the operation is possible. Our experience with 353 patients who have undergone thymectomy indicates that early thymectomy, particularly in patients who do not have germinal centers, is followed by early remission of the disease. Delayed remission after thymectomy is related to the duration and severity of the disease, and to presence of thymic germinal centers. Germinal centers were found more frequently in patients with long duration of the disease and in patients in whom the disease had progressed to respiratory involvement. Marked improvement in electromyographic findings immediately after thymectomy was observed in the majority of patients who had had the disease for 1 year of less and where germinal centers were absent. The percentage of malignant thymomas was higher in patients who underwent thymectomy 1 year or more after the onset of symptoms of myasthenia gravis. These data indicate the importance of early thymectomy while the disease is still in the mild stages. Transcervical thymectomy is the treatment of choice as it is followed by a higher percentage of remissions and by less morbidity than other forms of treatment. PMID- 1124790 TI - Pharmacokinetics of digoxin and digitoxin in patients undergoing hemodialysis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of digoxin and digitoxin in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis were examined to determine which is the preferred cardiac glycoside in this patient population. Absorption curves from 0 to 24 hours after an oral dose of digitoxin were similar in dialyzed patients and in control patients. Serum glycoside concentrations after an oral dose of digoxin were higher in dialyzed patients than in control patients, significantly so from 2 to 24 hours, reflecting the absence of the predominantly renal route of excretion of digoxin. When nine dialyzed patients were placed on a maintenance dose of digoxin, 0.125 mg 5 days a week, serum levels plateaued at 30 days at a mean concentration (plus or minus SE) of 0.84 plus or minus 0.05 ng/ml. Maintenance therapy with 0.1 mg digitoxin 5 days a week resulted in stabilization of serum levels within 30 days at a mean concentration of 19 plus or minus 1 ng/ml. Variability in the serum glycoside concentrations was determined after stabilization of levels during 2 to 19 week follow-up periods with each drug. Variability in serum levels was somewhat increased during maintenance therapy with digitoxin. On the basis of the parmacokinetic data obtained in this study, no clear cut preference for one glycoside over the other could be established. PMID- 1124791 TI - Hemoglobin S-C disease presenting as acute pneumonitis with pulmonary angiographic findings in two patients. AB - Acute illness characterized by fever, cough, chest pain and pulmonary infiltrates on chest film is characteristic of patients witb sickle cell anemia and with sickle-C disease. The underlying hemoglobinopathy is usually recognized in the former, but because patients with sickle-C disease as a rule have less severe anemia and fewer, less severe crises their abnormal hemoglobin may not be detected until adolescence or adulthood. Acute pulmonary illness in such patients may therefore present a diagnostic dilemma for the unwary. Two cases are presented to highlight this point. Pulmonary angiographic findings in patients with sickle cell states might add information about the pathogenesis of this disorder since vascular occlusion appears to play a major role. Pulmonary angiograms in the two patients we describe documented the presence of localized abnormalities of perfusion. In one, the presence of filling defects in medium sized arteries suggests intravascular thromboembolism. PMID- 1124792 TI - Hemoglobin S/C disease in a pregnant woman with crisis and fat embolization syndrome. AB - The complications of painful crisis and megaloblastic anemia are hallmarks of the pregnant patient with hemoglobin S/C disease. We describe here the clinical course in a patient with hemoglobin S/C disease in whom painful crisis and the fat embolization syndrom developed postpartum with severe neurologic abnormalities. Response to exchange blood transfusion was dramatic, and the patient recovered without neurologic impairment. PMID- 1124793 TI - Bullous photoreaction to nalidixic acid. AB - Curtaneous blisters developed after exposure to the sun in two women who were taking nalidixic acid. Blisters continued to appear even after therapy was discontinued and there was no further exposure to the sun. Phototesting showed abnormal sensitivity to both short and long wavelength ultraviolet spectra in one patient. The low incidence of this phenomenon suggests a photoallergic mechanism, but features of both photoallergy and phototoxicity are present. PMID- 1124794 TI - Pericardial tamponade. A presenting manifestation of procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus. AB - Procainamide, a frequently sued antiarrhythmic agent, may produce a syndrome clinically indistinguishable from idiopathic lupus erythematosis. Pericarditis with or without effusion is occasionally a prominent manifestation of the disease, but cardiac tamponade is exceptional. The patient described had a clinically evident and laboratory confirmed drug-induced syndrome complicated by an unusually severe pericarditis with effusion and tamponade necessitating pericardiocentesis. Treatment with prednisone produced impressive amelioration of the pericarditis with no recurrence of the lupus erythematosis syndrome during a prolonged period of observation following cessation of corticosteroid therapy. Prompt initation of steroid treatment in drug-induced lupus erythematosus complicated by massive pericardial effusion is strongly suggested by this experience. PMID- 1124795 TI - Refractory reentrant atrial tachycardia. Successful treatment with a permanent radio frequency triggered atrial pacemaker. AB - This 68 year old man had recurrent episodes of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, probably due to chronic pericarditis, persisting over a 7 year period. These episodes were resistant to all conventional medical therapy and at times produced ischemic chest pain. There was no evidence of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome either on the standard electrocardiogram or on the His bundle electrogram performed with atrial pacing. Rapid atrial pacing at a rate of 200/min was found to promptly terminate the tachycardia and restore normal sinus rhythm. Because of the refractoriness of the patient's tachycardia, in addition to the presence of ischemic chest pain during these episodes, a permanent radio frequency triggered atrial pacemaker was inserted which enables him to initiate rapid atrial pacing by pressing an external control. The patient has been maintained on antiarrhythmic medications in an attempt to decrease the frequency of these episodes; during an 8 month follow-up period, he has done well with approximately one episode of tachycardia each month requiring radio frequency atrial pacing for termination. PMID- 1124796 TI - Glucose uptake in the brainstem of thiamine-deficient rats. AB - Acute dietary deficiency of thiamine was produced in immature female rats. Uptake of glucose by brainstem nuclei was determined by autoradiographic examination of tissue concentrations of 14-C-3-O-methyl-d-glucose following a test dose, and compared with levels in normal and isocaloric control animals. The experiment showed that glucose uptake was depressed in the lesions of thiamine deficiency as compared with the controls, that the depression occurred with the occurrence of morphologic evidence of tissue edema, and that the depression was temporally independent of the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier to protein which is found in the late, necrotic lesions. PMID- 1124797 TI - Intravascular fibrin deposits, hepatic infarcts and thrombocytopenia in parent/F mouse chimeras with host-versus-graft syndrome. AB - Host-versus-graft (HVG) disease is the fatal result of the allogenic reaction which occurs in parental strain mice perinatally inoculated with F(1) hybrid spleen cells. The principal manifestations of the syndrome in RFM/(T(6) X RFM)F(1) mice are thrombocytopenia, intestinal hemorrhage, hepatic necrosis, lymphoproliferative disorders and renal disease due to immune complexes. The discovery of intravascular fibrin deposits in the present studies establishes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as an intermediary mechanism of HVG disease. It is suggested that the characteristic declines in blood platelet levels, intestinal hemorrhages and hepatic infarcts are triggered principally by immune complexes. Cellular infiltrates of the liver, granulocytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia are other abnormalities which are regularly found in HVG mice and which are also thought to predispose to DIC. PMID- 1124798 TI - Hirschsprung's disease, aganglionic or hypoganglionic megacolon. Animal model: aganglionic megacolon in piebald and spotted mutant mouse strains. PMID- 1124799 TI - Restitution of aortic wall after sustained necrotizing transmural ligation injury. Role of blood cells and artery cells. AB - Partial ligation of the rabbit abdominal aorta with fine silk suture for 48 hours produced a circular band of transmural necrosis. On release of the ligature, blood cells from the lumen and from adventitial vasa vasorum, as well as cells derived by mitosis from the adjacent surviving endothelium and media, participated in the restitution of a continuous endothelial lining and an intact media containing well-differentiated smooth muscle cells within normal medial lamellar units. Initial deposition of a layer of blood platelets on the fibrillar material coating the denuded lumenal surface was followed by ingress from the lumen of polymorphonuclear granulocytes and mononuclear cells. These changes preceded the appearance of mitoses in surviving endothelial and medial smooth muscle cells at the margin of injury. By 24 hours, poorly differentiated cells had accumulated in the central portion of the intima and inner media. Similar cells formed a more extensive, nearly complete lumenal layer which was eventually continuous with and indistinguishable from the adjacent uninjured endothelium. By 7 days, smooth muscle cells repopulated the media, and a collection of less differentiated cells persisted between the restored endothelium and media. By 28 days, the only deviation from normal arterial structure was the persistence at the point of ligature of intimal thickening, consisting of smooth muscle cells and collagen and elastin fibers. Though still present at 6 weeks, this zone became increasingly compact and layered. There was no evidence that fibrin thrombus formation was a consistent feature of the initial reaction or that it played a role in the healing process or in the formation of the intimal lesion. Despite complete circumferential necrosis at the site of ligature, there was no evidence of medial rupture or intramural hemorrhage. PMID- 1124800 TI - Characterization of human platelets separated from blood by ADP-induced aggregation. AB - Separation of platelets from plasma is achieved by adding ADP (final concentration 10-5 M) to platelet-rich plasma and allowing aggregates to form. Aggregates are removed quickly by brief, gentle centrifugation, washed two to three times with 0.9% NaCl (saline), and then incubated for 10 minutes in the presence of apyrase, albumin and calcium. Platelet aggregates deaggregate completely during this incubation period. The platelet suspension is then subjected to 1100g for 12 minutes, gently resuspended in a small volume of saline, and finally diluted with an appropriate medium to the desired concentration. The entire separation procedure requires approximately 30 minutes. Platelets obtained by this procedure are a) comparable in aggregability to the platelet preparations obtained by gel filtration, b) have normal intracellular amounts of ATP and ADP, and c) except for slight dilatation of the surface connected canalicular system, have normal ultrastructural appearance. When suspended in an appropriate medium, these separated platelets take up serotonin 14-C and subsequently release it in nearly normal quantities when exposed to thrombin, collagen or ADP. PMID- 1124801 TI - Marital therapy from a psychiatric perspective: an overview. AB - The authors describe various methods of marital therapy in use today. Although absence of a unifying conceptual scheme in the past has hampered developments in this field, the increasing acknowledgment by psychiatrists of the important effect of the environmental system on thoughts, feelings, and behavior has facilitated a therapeutic approach stressing not only a person's intrapsychic conflicts but current environmental, family, and spouse-related phenomena. The authors discuss three dimensions of marital psychodynamics--power, intimacy, and marital boundary setting--and relate them to the marital life cycle and to four classifications of the marital relationship: 1) rules for defining power, 2) parental stage, 3) level of intimacy, and 4) personality style and psychiatric terminology. The paper includes a brief discussion of therapy techniques, sex counseling, the use of cotherapists, the future of marriage, and alternative lifestyles. PMID- 1124802 TI - A comparison of biofeedback-mediated relaxation and group therapy in the treatment of chronic anxiety. AB - The authors compared treatment of chronic anxiety with biofeedback-mediated electromyographic (EMG) relaxation to treatment with group psychotherapy in a control group. Feedback patients were given two weeks of EMG relaxation training followed by two weeks of self-practice. Significant decreases were found in the feedback group in electromyogram levels, mood distrubance, trait anxiety, and (to a lesser extent) state anxiety; no such decreases occurred in the control group. The authors suggest that EMG feedback can be an important adjunct therapy for chronic anxiety. PMID- 1124803 TI - The impact of medical school on future psychiatrists. AB - Although psychiatry and clinical medicine share ideals about what distinguishes a good practitioner, medical schools do not select students on the basis of these qualities. Moreover, they seem to discourage many interested students from choosing psychiatry. Part of the problem is that psychiatry is poorly taught. Research suggests that psychiatry can be better taught and that medical students will be receptive. However, the clash between the values of technological medicine and psychiatry has created discouragement, with the ironic result that medical students rate psychiatrists poorly because they embody the very qualities that distinguish the good clinician. PMID- 1124804 TI - Methadone maintenance: some client opinions. AB - The authors found similar attitudes toward methadone and methadone treatment programs in 75 detoxification and 115 methadone maintenance clients. Both groups expressed considerable ambivalence--although they viewed methadone as capable of helping them end their herioin addiction, they were concerned about possible methadone dependence and about side effects, both real and imagined. The authors stress the societal context of such concern and suggest that, althought they are not easily allayed, limiting the duration of methadone maintenace from the outset of treatment may be an ameliorative factor. PMID- 1124805 TI - Is everyone depressed? AB - The authors collected a large number of research interviews with relatives of patients from a psychiatric research clinic. Half of these patients were clinically depressed; their relatives as well as the rest of the relatives interviewed were therefore at high risk for depression. However, few of the relatives reported memorable dysphoria or any clustered episodes of other affective symptoms. The authors conclude from these data that, contrary to the opinions expressed by some, not everyone has episodes of depression. Everybody is not depressed. PMID- 1124806 TI - Depression: schism in contemporary psychiatry. AB - The author decribes an experience in his own family involving the initial unsuccessful treatment of a depressed patient. The patient failed to respond to psychotherapeutic and drug treatment on an outpatient basis and in three hospitals; in a fourth hospital he improved dramatically after a series of ECT treatments and remained without depressive symptoms. The author stresses the importance of psychiatrists keeping an open mind about various treatment approaches. PMID- 1124807 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy for chronic pain associated with depression. AB - Electroconvuslive therapy alleviated the symptoms of four out of six patients suffering from chronic pain and from depression as measured by the Hamiliton Depression Rating Scale. All of the patients had been unsuccessfully treated with tricyclic antidepressant medication. The author suggests that ECT may be the treatment of choice for some patients with this combination of symptoms. PMID- 1124808 TI - The depressine Syndrome: a follow-up study of 130 professionals working overseas. AB - A four-year follow-up of professional personnel who had been working overseas indicates that the depressive syndrome was the most common diagnosable psychiatric illness in this population. The study also shows that in this content the syndrome had a good prognosis. It therefore seems reasonable not to exclude persons with diagnosable depression from assignment abroad but, rather, to identify the syndrome and recommend necessary treatment. PMID- 1124810 TI - Editorial: New recognitiion for women in APA. PMID- 1124809 TI - Treatment of depression in alcoholics. AB - The authors compared two groups of depressed alcoholics given either placebo or chlordiazepoxide-imipramine in a double-blind study. Although depression decreased in both groups, there were no significant differences between them on any of three pre- and posttreament measures. The Zung scale showed that medication decreased depression significantly, however, this finding was not supported by the Beck Depression Inventory or by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, indicating the necessity for use of multiple assessment instruments. PMID- 1124811 TI - Editorial: SIDS: an opportunity for primary prevention. PMID- 1124812 TI - The Iowa 500: suicide in mania , depression, and schizophrenia. AB - Long-term (30-to 40-year) follow-up data for 76 manic patients, 182 depressives. 170 schizophrenics, and 109 controls showed that 10 per cent of the schizophrenics, 8.5 percent of the manics, and 10.6 percent of the depressives who were decreased had died by suicide. None of the controls had committed suicide. The authors suggest that suicide is a significant outcome factor in all three of these illnesses and is likely to occur at an earlier age in schizophrenia than in the other illnesses. PMID- 1124813 TI - The relationship between hiatus hernia and tricyclic antidepressants: a report of five cases. AB - Of five patients who were receiving tricyclic antidepressants, two experienced an aggravation of preexisting hiatus hernia, and three with previously normal gastrointestinal X rays developed hiatal herination. The author suggests that this group of drugs may exert an anticholinergic effect on the esophageal sphincter and reduce the tone of the esophagogastric sphincter, thus aggravating existing hiatus hernia or causing its development. PMID- 1124814 TI - Evaluation of therapist candidates. AB - The authors describe one phase of a four-step procedure designed to more fully evaluate candidates for psychotherapist positions. All applicants must conduct an interview with a patient, which is observed and evaluated by a team of staff members to assess diagnostic skills. This procedure has not only proved valuable in the program for which it was designed but has been extended to other programs and proposed for use in peer review. PMID- 1124815 TI - Some guidelines for the training of foreign medical graduates: results of a special project. AB - Since over one-third of the psychiatric residency positions in the United states are filled by foreign medical graduates, there is a need to identify and correct both the emotional and cognitive problems of these medical trainees. To meet this need the authors describe the findings and recommendations that resulted from a project involving two psychiatrists from a southweast Asian country who were given a specially planned year of training in Hawaii. PMID- 1124816 TI - Intentional isoniazid overdosage among southwestern American Indians. AB - A 30-month study explored the degree to which self-destructive behavior compromised tuberculosis therapy and prophylaxis among southwestern American Indians. The frequency of isoniazid (INH) overdosage paralleled the extent of INH usage in each tribe and the entent to which INH was perscribed for each tuberculosis category. The authors recommend the careful selection of patients for INH prophylaxis, the dispensing of small amounts at short intervals, the close monitoring of patient compliance with the prescribed drug regimen, and, possiblly, the dispensing of individually wrapped tablets to inhibit the impulsive ingestion of massive amounts of the drug. PMID- 1124817 TI - Letter: Social disintegration in the American community in Bangkok: another view. PMID- 1124818 TI - Letter: On the advantages of private practice. PMID- 1124819 TI - Letter: Recognizing somatopsychic symptomatology. PMID- 1124820 TI - Letter: Putting a stop to "wizardry". PMID- 1124821 TI - Letter: Training psychiatrists to care for the elderly. PMID- 1124823 TI - Letter: A response to the doomsayers. PMID- 1124822 TI - Letter: Dealing with dying patients. PMID- 1124824 TI - Letter: Back on the boards. PMID- 1124825 TI - Letter: Research on Chinese health care. PMID- 1124826 TI - Letter: On the moon again. PMID- 1124827 TI - Radiation therapy of meningiomas. PMID- 1124828 TI - Radiotherapeutic management of malignant melanoma of the eye. PMID- 1124829 TI - The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of parotid carcinomas. PMID- 1124830 TI - Metastatic involvement of the stomach secondary to breast carcinoma. PMID- 1124831 TI - Tumors of the upper urothelium. PMID- 1124832 TI - Renal venography in the evaluation of poorly vascularized neoplasms of the kidney. PMID- 1124833 TI - Stage i well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. PMID- 1124834 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Vaginal recurrences and mortality. PMID- 1124835 TI - Evaluation of therapeutic results in Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 1124836 TI - Prognostic factors for survival in Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 1124837 TI - Radiologic manifestations of North American Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 1124838 TI - External counterpressure to control postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage. AB - The effectiveness of the G-suit controlling massive postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage was studied in twenty-eight patients whose diffuse bleeding could not be controlled during operation. Most patients had developed deficiencies of platelets and clotting factors due to dilution, and in addition three had documented disseminated intravascular coagulation. After application of the G suit, hemorrhage stopped in nineteen patients, allowing the replacement of platelets and clotting factors in patients with deficiencies and the administration of heparin to three patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. After an average of twenty-one hours the G-suit was removed without rebleeding in seventeen patients. The major cause of G-suit failure was an arterial source of intra-abdominal bleeding. Application of the G-suit had no adverse effect on renal function in at least half the patients; urinary output declined in on third. Mos patients experienced respiratory impairment and some had ischemic skin lesions. The G-suit is frequently effective in halting postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage, allowing correction of acquired coagulopathies with acceptably few complications. Its use does not replace the need for proper surgical hemostasis. PMID- 1124839 TI - Controlled study of the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 1124840 TI - Colon esophageal bypass. PMID- 1124841 TI - Problem-oriented surgical audit in the community hospital. A concept in evolution. AB - A system of surgical audit based on identification and solution of surgical problems is described. The system relies initially on universal review of patient records on a monthly basis by surgeons in the involved institution. Evolution of the system to one which the records of certain patients can be excluded from review by physicians is seen as practical, if careful definition of such records is maintained. Emphasis on the goal of meaningful quality of care assessment is critial. Utilizing this system, surgeons in Stamford, Connecticut, have found significant deficiencies in diagnostic, therapeutic, or both of these aspects of patient care in 5 per cent of records reviewed. Ninety-five per cent of patients were judged to have had no important inadequacies in their surgical care, based on evidence in their medical records. Attempts to evaluate surgeons' behavioral changes, when deficiencies in their patients' care have been demonstrated, are being pursued actively. PMID- 1124842 TI - Localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. Radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone on samples from the large veins of the neck and thorax and selectively catheterized thyroid veins. AB - Radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone on samples obtained from the large veins of the neck and thorax was utilized for localization in twenty-one patients with hyperparathyroidism. In seventeen of these patients, as many of the thyroid and mediastinal veins as possible were also sampled. This study reveals that sampling of the large veins of the neck and thorax is an insensitive means of adenoma from hyperplasia. Anatomic variations in the drainage of the inferior thyroid veins and dilution of the parathyroid venous effluent by the large veins of the neck and thorax seem to explain this insensitivity and the occasionally misleading results of large vein sampling. Sampling of the small thyroid veins, however, is a sensitive and specific means of localization and permitted preoperative differentiation of adenoma from hyperplasia in fourteen of our seventeen patients. Communications between the inferior thyroid and thymic veins and the fact that mediastinal adenomas frequently bring their blood supply down from the cerevical area suggest that sampling of the small thyroid veins may be of only limited value in identifying a mediastinal adenoma. PMID- 1124843 TI - Bypass vein grafts in patients with distal popliteal artery occlusion. AB - The results obtained by placing reversed autogenous saphenous vein bypass grafts in either isolated popliteal artery segments or tibial vessels distal to the popliteal artery segments or tibial vessels distal to the popliteal artery are compared. Fifty-five patients with arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular disease who were threatened with limb loss were followed up from six months to nine years prior to this report. The success rate at one year was 94 per cent for the isolated popliteal segment grafts and 73 per cent for the tibial vessel grafts. The success rate after four years was 70 per cent for the isolated popliteal segment grafts and 63 per cent for the tibial vessel grafts. The clinical factors associated with the success of isolated popliteal segment bypass grafts and the factors apparently associated with failure of vein grafts in both of these groups with very poor distal arterial outflow are discussed. Our results suggest that either an isolated popliteal artery segment graft or a tibial vessel graft is a satisfactory means of treating these patients; however, a graft to an isolated popliteal segment is probably preferable to a graft to a tibial artery. PMID- 1124844 TI - Vascular access for dialysis. Technics and results with newer methods. AB - Over a five year period, 114 patients had one or more secondary operations for access to the circulation for hemodialysis, these being a Thomas femoral shunt, saphenous vein graft, or Sparks mandril graft. The patient group was different from the general dialysis population, containing more females, more patients with diabetes, and more patients with collagen-vascular disease. Comparing duration of utility by the life table method for each technic, the femoral shunt lasted longest but with a high incidence of septic complications, the mandril graft was intermediate, and the saphenous vein graft least durable in use. The mandril is considered a tentative first choice for secondary access when the required maturation time is available. PMID- 1124845 TI - Extent of leg vein thrombosis determined by impedance and 125-I fibrinogen. AB - Modification of impedance plethysmography to include a thigh cuff improves sensitivity. Twenty-seven of thirty-two subjects (85 per cent) were correctly classified by comparison with phlebograms. Combined surveillance of patients at risk with cuff impedance plethysmography and 125I fibrinogen, carried out fifty subjects after total hip replacement demonstrated that silent venous thrombosis can be detected. Moreover, an estimate of thrombus size can be made, at least to the extent that clinically significant thrombi can be distinguished from minute thrombi. PMID- 1124846 TI - Response to intra-aortic balloon pumping. PMID- 1124847 TI - Contemporary treatment of malignant melanoma. PMID- 1124848 TI - Decreasing morbidity after liver trauma. AB - Fifty-one patients with significant recognized hepatic trauma were treated at Hartford Hospital during a four year period ending May 1973. Seventy-five per cent of the injuries were the result of blunt trauma. Many patients had severe associated injuries and three died in the emergency room before operation could be undertaken. Forty-eight patients underwent laparotomy and various types of repair including sixteen resections of significant volumes of nonviable liver. Three patients died in the operating room, but no patient who left the operating room alive after resection diet. Hematologic, pulmonary, renal, and gastrointestinal complications are analyzed in detail. There were no postoperative intrahepatic or subphrenic abscesses in patients undergoing resection and we believe that this is attributable to changes in technic. This review stresses the technical details of the operations as they may relate to the apparent improvement in morbidity and mortality. PMID- 1124849 TI - [Value of the nitroblue tetrazolium test in the study of phagocytosis]. PMID- 1124850 TI - [Acari of house dust in the Mexican Republic]. PMID- 1124851 TI - [Eosinophilia, parasitosis and allergy]. PMID- 1124852 TI - [Chronic blennorrhagia, report of a clinical case]. PMID- 1124853 TI - Cereal diseases transmitted or caused by aphids and leafhoppers in Turkey. PMID- 1124854 TI - The role of IgA in the pathogenesis of atopy. AB - The role of IgA in the pathogenesis of infantile atopic disease was examined to determine whether the presence or absence of IgA in umbilical cord serum at birth could be correlated with the subsequent development of asthma and atopic eczema. Asthma occurred in four of the 50 infants without detectable IgA and in four of the 21 infants with detectable IgA. Atopic eczema occurred in three of the 50 infants without detectable IgA and in none of the 21 infants with detectable IgA. The difference in the incidence of atopic disease in the two groups was not statistically significant. The results of this study suggest that IgA deficiency in early infancy does not play a causal role in the development of atopy. PMID- 1124855 TI - The response to bronchodilator in asthmatic subjects: a comparison of various measures of flow rate. PMID- 1124857 TI - Letter: Senior allergists failed board examinations. PMID- 1124856 TI - Intrinsic asthma associated with diabetes mellitus; abnormal vascular response and glucose tolerance tests. AB - Patients manifesting intrinsic idiopathic rhinitis and/or asthma in association with diabetes or aspirin intolerance were studied. Various metabolites (sugars and L-histidine) and chemical (aspirin, insulin and glucagon) challenges were studied using the parameter of the induced sequential vascular response. A standard oral glucose tolerance test was also correlated. The results indicated similar as well as divergent ab- nc. nalities of responses to the various carbohydrates, insulin, glucagon, L-histidine and aspirin challenges. This permitted a separation of some patients with idiopathic rhinitis and/or asthma into those associated with diabetes and those with tolerance to aspirin. PMID- 1124858 TI - [Letter: Rarity of asthma among Cheyenne Indians]. PMID- 1124859 TI - Isoproterenol aerosols. AB - Notable acute improvement in pulmonary function in the majority of 32 patients with known bronchial asthma followed two inhalations of Isoproterenol. No deleterious clinical or cardiovascular effects of EKG changes (after one-half hour) were observed. A slight drop in blood pressure was noted in previously hypertensive patients. Isoproterenol's short duration of effects is ideal and one or two inhalations spaced four hours apart may be safely recommended for the relief of the acute asthma paroxysm. PMID- 1124860 TI - A patient with cold allergy. PMID- 1124862 TI - Editorial: Allergy and immunology: wedding of love or marriage of convenience? (a modern medical tale). PMID- 1124861 TI - Allergy to human seminal fluid. PMID- 1124863 TI - Letters to the editor: National Health Insurance--1975. PMID- 1124864 TI - Effect of exercise on lung function tests in hay fever. AB - The patients in this study were divided into three groups on the basis of V50. Group I included completely normal subjects with normal V50 before and after exercise. Group II showed a normal initial V50 which decreased following exercise. This indicates small airways dysfunction which is exaggerated by exercise. Group II showed abnormal V50 initially which remained unchanged after exercise, suggesting more permanent impairment of the small airways function. Thus significant physiologic abnormalities were identified in patients belonging to Group II and Group III. PMID- 1124865 TI - Enzyme potentiated hyposensitization: IV. effect of protamine on the immunological behavior of beta glucuronidase in mice and patients with hay fever. AB - The ability of beta glucuronidase and a small dose of antigen to modify the anaphylactic reaction of previously sensitized mice has been further investigated. Protamine has an important effect on the immunological behavior of the enzyme. A trial on hay fever patients shows that the results in mice are relevant and that the method can produce significant clinical hyposensitization. PMID- 1124866 TI - A study of western red cedar-induced asthma. AB - Seventeen asthmatic patients who were workers dealing with Western Red Cedar in a Japanese wooden frame factory were studied. One fraction from the aqueous extract of the lumber induced a positive skin test, Prausnitz-Kustner test and the inhalation test. This confirms the existence of antigen in Western Red Cedar and its ability to produce allergic asthma in sensitive workers. PMID- 1124867 TI - Correlation between date of birth and pollen sensitivity. AB - Attempts by previous investigators have failed to show significant correlation between seasonal pollens and the birth dates of individuals as evidence for the development of tolerance in immunologically immature neonates. Using a large clinic population with adequate controls, significant correlation between ragweed, grass or tree pollen sensitivity and the dates of birth was not obtained. PMID- 1124868 TI - Induced bleeding changes with aspirin in various tolerant and intolerant patient groups. AB - The advantages of aspirin as a first stage anti-hemostatic agent, combined with its relatively low cost, ease of administration and simplicity of control, have led to its use in prophylaxis for atherosclerotic and thromboembolic disease processes, in addition to its long established employment as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. However, adverse reactions in aspirin-hypersensitive patients have led to reappraisal of the risks involved in its casual administration. A method to reduce such risks is proposed. PMID- 1124869 TI - Newcastle disease virus antigens and strain variations. AB - Study of antigenic differences among strains of Newcastle disease virus is complicated by the presence in most field isolates and strains of several genetically distinct plaque populations, and by differences in avidity (reactions to antibody) among Newcastle disease viruses. Kinetic neutralization tests were used to demonstrate antigenic differences among 3 plaque clones of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease viruses recently isolated from 3 avian species. The 3 viruses could be distinguished on the basis of plaque structure and hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity. Antigenic differences among these viruses distinguished them from older, well characterized Newcastle disease viruses. PMID- 1124870 TI - Purification and concentration of viruses associated with transmissible (coronaviral) enteritis of turkeys (bluecomb). AB - Purification and concentration of viruses contained in pathogenic material was accomplished by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopy was also performed. Viruses recovered from intestinal preparations of both affected and unaffected turkey poults had a density of 1.16 to 1.17. The viruses resembled myxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, or oncornaviruses morphologically. In addition, preparations from bluecomb-affected poults were found to contain viruses indistinguishable from known coronaviruses. No such virus particles were seen in the control preparations. Data are presented to indicate an etiologic relationship between the coronavirus and transmissible enteritis of turkeys. PMID- 1124871 TI - Immune response to fowl cholera antigens. AB - Experimentally prepared and commercially manufactured bacterins were evaluated by a 2-stage bird protection bioassay. Ninety percent of the commercial bacterins gave acceptable protection levels to Pasteurella multocida type 1. Sixty-seven percent of the commercial bacterins produced acceptable protection to P. multocida type 3. Survival of 75 percent was considered acceptable protection. PMID- 1124872 TI - Protective quality of an aluminum hydroxide-absorbed broth bacterin against infectious coryza. AB - Various aspects of immunity induced by a merthiolate-inactivated, aluminum hydroxide-absorbed chicken meat infusion (CMI) broth bacterin prepared from Haemophilus gallinarium were studied. A bacterin dose of 10-8 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml was the minimal dose which protected a significant number of chickens against intrasinus challenge with live organisms. This finding simplifies production procedures because yields of 10-8 CFU/ml of CMI broth are routinely obtained. A significant number of chickens vaccinated with the bacterin were immune to intrasinus challenge through 9 months postvaccination. On a comparative basis, an egg-yolk bacterin prepared from the same strain protected for only 3 months. Birds vaccinated with broth bacterins prepared from 2 strains of H gallinarum (17756 and M) which shared common surface antigens were immune to intrasinus inoculation with the homologous but not to the heterologous organisms. Preliminary data indicated that the broth bacterin prevented a sharp decrease in egg production when the immunity of vaccinated birds was challenged (instrasinus) at the height of egg production. PMID- 1124873 TI - Clearance of cryoprecipitated factor VIII in canine hemophilia A. AB - Canine factor VIII was isolated by a cryoprecipitation method and injected into dogs with hemophilia A. Assays of factor VIII in the cryoprecipitate resulted in a range of 92 to 660% of the factor VIII level of normal dog plasma, with a mean of 266%. Half times of the cryoprecipitate in the hemophiliac dogs, as measured by the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test, ranged from 7.7 to 32.3 hours, with a mean of 13.2 hours. PMID- 1124874 TI - Effects of phenobarbital on digitoxin and digoxin elimination in the dog. AB - When normal dogs were orally pretreated with a known microsomal enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, the serum biological half-life of digitoxin was not significantly affected, whereas the serum biological half-life of digoxin was significantly shortened by nearly 30%. These results are variant with that previously reported for human beings, wherein microsomal enzyme induction resulted in shortening of plasma biological half-life of digitoxin by more than 40% and insignificant effects on plasma biological half-life of digoxin. Because of the effect on plasma biological half-life, concomitant digoxin and phenobarbital administration to the canine cardiac patient may necessitate careful evaluation of the digitalization. PMID- 1124875 TI - Efficacy and safety of selenium-vitamin E injections in newborn pigs to prevent subclinical deficiency in growing swine. AB - Seventy-eight newborn pigs were allotted to 4 treatment groups: 22 pigs in group A were given no selenium-vitamin E (Se-E), 22 pigs in group B were given small doses of Se-E, 22 pigs in group C were given medium doses of Se-E, and 12 pigs in group D were given large doses of Se-E. Pigs were intramuscularly injected before 7 days of age and at weaning (40 days of age), respectively, as follows: group A- 1 ml of physiologic saline solution/pig each time, group B--0.25 mg of Se/pig and later 0.06 mg of Se/kg of body weight, group C--1.0 mg of Se/pig and later 0.24 mg of Se/kg, and group D--1.5 mg of Se/pig and later 0.72 mg of Se/kg. Selenium was supplied as sodium selenite in commercially available Se-E injectable compounds. From 2 weeks of age to weaning, the pigs were fed a corn-torula yeast creep feed containing Se at the concentration of 0.03 ppm, and from weaning to slaughter, a corn-soybean meal ration was fed containing Se at the concentration of 0.07 ppm and alpha-tocopherol at the concentration of 15.7 mg/kg. Subclinical Se-E deficiency developed in control pigs of group A and was characterized by subtle muscular stiffness, significant increases in plasma activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and typical residual lesions in heart and skeletal muscle, but not in liver, at slaughter at 165 days of age. Pigs injected with Se-E did not develop these evidences of subclinical deficiency. Pigs in group D were stunted for several weeks after the 2nd Se-E injection, and plasma GOT and CPK activities were significantly increased at 3 weeks after injection. Growth rates were otherwise similar between groups. Significant difference in Se content of liver, muscle, serum, and hair was not seen between pigs in the 4 groups at 120 and 165 days of age. A test period of physical exertion and heat stress resulted in significant increase of plasma GOT and CPK activities in 4 of 8 pigs at 110 days of age. PMID- 1124876 TI - Changes in plasma glucose and lactate concentrations and enzyme activities in the neonatal calf with diarrhea. AB - Plasma glucose and lactate concentrations and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), glutamate-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aldolase (ALD), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) activities were determined before, throughout the incubation period, and during the course of a viral-induced diarrhea in the neonatal calf. Hypoglycemia with a glucose concentration less than 40 mg/dl of plasma was observed in 3 of 10 calves. Plasma lactate concentration increased to 1.84 plus or minus 0.1 times normal in 7 and 6 to 7 times normal in 2 of the animals. The major change in both glucose and lactate concentrations during diarrhea occurred during the 24 hours preceding death. Changes in SGPT, SGOT, or AP activities were not observed, indicating the absence of marked hepatic damage. The ALD, CPK, and HBD activities were increased in 2 calves and the CPK alone was increased in 2 others, indicating cardiac and possibly skeletal muscle damage. PMID- 1124877 TI - Intravascular granulocyte kinetics in developing calves. AB - Intravascular granulocyte kinetic values of normal developing calves were determined, using the chromium radioisotope 51Cr as the cell label. A total of 15 kinetic trials were conducted in the calves at 8 to 365 days of age. The clearance of labeled granylocytes from the circulation was an exponential function. The kinetic data from the oldest group of calves (7 experiments on 5 calves, 180 days of age and older) were remarkably similar to those reported for persons. Mean total blood granulocyte pool was 6.34 times 10-8 granulocytes/kg of body weight, of which 45.6% was in the circulating granulocyte pool. Mean clearance half-life (T1/2) was 8.9 hours, and mean granulocyte turnover rate was 12.44 times 10-8 granulocytes/kg of body weight/day. In the oldest calf group, there was significant correlation between the blood granulocyte count and the total blood granulocyte pool size. There was also significant correlation between the total blood granulocyte pool size and the clearance half-life. The youngest group of calves (4 experiments on 4 calves, 8 to 16 days of age) had significantly larger total blood granulocyte pool and shorter intravascular half life than did the oldest group. These factors combined to yield a markedly greater granulocyte turnover rate of 39.91 times 10-8 granulocytes/kg of body weight/day in the youngest group of calves. Calves of an intermediate age group (70 to 127 days) had kinetic which were intermediate between those of the youngest and oldest groups of calves. PMID- 1124878 TI - Surgical and anatomic study of calving paralysis. AB - Dissections of the bovine pelvic inlet region were made to determine which nerves were vulnerable to fetal-induced traumatic damage. Surgical sections of the obturator nerves and the lumbar roots of the sciatic (ischiatic) nerves were done to determine a possible cause of calving paralysis. Only 1 of 11 cattle in which bilateral obturator nerve section was done was unable to stand after the operation, and in this individual, secondary stifle injuries were found on necropsy. Subsequent surgical operations were performed on some of these cattle in order to section the lumbar root of the sciatic nerve. Of 6 cattle prepared, 2 were unable to rise after surgery and another 2 became "downer" cattle after 30 to 45 minutes of forces exercise. Also, some of these cattle were very ataxic and had intermittent fetlock flexion. PMID- 1124879 TI - Corpus spongiosum penis pressure and penile muscle activity in the stallion during coitus. AB - A needle-tipped catheter or subminiature pressure transducer was implanted in the corpus spongiosum penis (CSP) of Shetland Pony stallions to determine pressure during coitus. Electrodes for monitoring the electromyographic (EMG) activity were implanted in the ischiocavernosus (IC) and bulbospongiosus (BS) muscles. The mean peak CSP pressure recorded with the catheter was 762 mm of Hg, and with the subminiature pressure transducer, it was 994 mm of Hg. The simultaneous occurrence of the CSP pressure peaks and bursts of BS muscle activity indicated that these muscles were the likely source of energy for the increased pressures, which were far greater than the systemic blood pressure. This conclusion was further supported by the finding that anesthesia of the BS muscles greatly reduced the CSP pressures of the stallion during attempted coitus. PMID- 1124880 TI - Equine laminitis of alimentary origin: an experimental model. AB - Acute alimentary form of laminitis was uniformly induced in 11 of 12 horses by administration of a starch and wood flour gruel and could be graded by previously established (Obel) and presently defined criteria. The experimentally induced laminitis was similar to naturally occurring laminitis, as determined on the basis of lameness severity and vital signs. Packed cell volume, leukocyte count, and total protein were significantly increased (P smaller than 0.05) at 24 and 40 hours after administration of gruel. Arterial systolic and diastolic pressures increased, central venous pressure decreased, heart rate increased, and rectal temperature increased consistently within the 56-hour experimental period. Of the 11 affected horses, 7 horses had Obel grade 3 lameness (horse moved most reluctantly and vigorously resisted attempts to lift a forefoot) at 40 hours after gruel was placed in the alimentary tract, 2 horses had Obel grade 3 lameness at 32 hours, and 2 horses had Obel grade 3 lameness at 48 hours. PMID- 1124881 TI - Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in normal cattle. AB - Percentage carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) values were determined in 29 cows and 24 bulls in Minnesota during the summer of 1973. Results indicated that, in normal cattle, the HbCO value was 0.3%. Individual and daily variations in these values were recorded in 2 calves. PMID- 1124882 TI - Vertical transmission of progressive pneumonia of sheep. AB - Forty-two lambs were derived by hysterectomy from 27 ewes. Eight ewes had lesions of chronic progressive pneumonia (CPP) and 19 did not. Eleven lambs were derived from ewes with lesions of CPP. These 11 lambs were maintained in isolators under germfree conditions until killed at 2 to 4 months of age. Lungs from each lamb were examined for gross and microscopic lesions of CPP and examined by microbiological cultural technique (blood, eosin methylene blue, and PPLO agar). The lungs of one 4-month-old lamb from a ewe infected with CPP had foci of gray consolidation in the apical and cardiac lobes. The microscopic changes were comparable to those in the dam. The lungs of a 2.5-month-old lamb from a ewe infected with CPP had lymphocytic accumulations in the alveolar walls and around blood vessels and bronchioles. The 9 other lambs were free of lesions. Neither bacteria nor mycoplasmas were isolated from any of the 11 lambs. Lesions of CPP were not found in 31 lambs from the 19 noninfected ewes. PMID- 1124883 TI - Technique for study of lymph changes induced by feeding ticks (Acarina and Ixodidae) on the dog. AB - A surgical technique is described for cannulating the right cervical lymphatic duct. Methods for securing the cannula, restraining the dog during collection of lymph, and exposing the dogs to ticks are also discussed. PMID- 1124884 TI - Pulmonary function evaluation of the lung resection candidate: a prospective study. AB - In the past, preoperative pulmonary function abnormalities have identified a group of patients in danger of postoperative cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. We selected a group of 56 patients, each of whom had a lung mass and had demonstrated significant abnormalities in screening pulmonary function. By using temporary unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion and quantitative macroaggregate lung scanning, we then studied these patients for split pulmonary function. Those patients whose noncancerous lung had a calculated forced expiratory volume in 1 sec greater than 800 ml and a circulation that could accommodate all of the cardiac output without producing hypertension or arterial hypoxemia were offered thoracotomy. Of the 56 patients, we judged 6 to be physiologically inoperable and did not offer surgery. Another 4 patients were not offered surgery, and 4 refused surgery. Forty-two patients underwent surgical exploration-of these, 17 then had a pneumonectomy and 13, a lobectomy. Of the 30 patients resected, 6 died in surgery (4 from respiratory insufficiency). These cardiorespiratory mortality rates (neumonectomy, 17.6 per cent; lobectomy, 7.7 per cent) are lower than those reported previously when patients had equivalent pulmonary function abnormality. A follow-up of 49 of 56 patients revealed that 59 per cent of the patients undergoing either pneumonectomy or lobectomy were still living 1 to 3 years after the resection. Our results suggested that the preoperative testing of split pulmonary function permitted an attempt at surgery in patients who might otherwise be considered inoperable by history, physical examination, screening pulmonary function tests alone. PMID- 1124885 TI - Changes in small airway function after live attenuated influenza vaccination. AB - Live, attenuated influenza vaccine was given by intranasal inoculation to 15 young, adult volunteers. Modest symptoms occurred within 3 days of challenge, but the agent was otherwise well tolerated. Hemagglutinin-inhibition antibodies increased in 9 of the 12 subjects whose initial volumes, but closing volume did not change. These changes in airflow reverted to previous levels after 1 week. On a second challenge 2 weeks after the first, symptoms were far less frequent, and no changes in airflow were detected. We conclude that this agent is biologically active and that the airflow changes observed may reflex involvement of small airways. PMID- 1124886 TI - Comparison of maximal mid-expiratory flow, flow volume curves, and nitrogen closing volumes in patients with mild airway obstruction. AB - Maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves obtained with a wedge spirometer, and nitrogen closing volumes were determined in 38 patients with mild airway obstruction. Seventeen patients had asthma in remission and 21 had bronchitis. In all of them the forced expiratory volume in one second was within the normal range. Results were compared with predicted data in the literature and with a group of normal control subjects. In the patients with asthma, compared to predicted flow rates, MMEF was abnormal in 5, MEFV curves were abnormal in at least 8; closing volume was abnormally increased in only one patient, and an abnormal slope of the alveolar plateau was present in 4 additional patients. In the patients with bronchitis, compared to predicted flow rates, -MEF was reduced in 5, MEFV curves were abnormal in at least 7; increased closing volumes were present in 6, and the slope of the alveolar plateau was abnormal in 3 other patients. When flow rates were compared with those of normal control subjects, MMEF was about as frequently abnormal as MEFV curves, suggesting that the discrepancy between abnormal MMEF AND MEFV curves was due to variability of the predicted data. The results indicated that flow rates can be abnormal in subjects with normal closing volumes and a normal slope of the alveolar plateau, and that MEFV curves can be more sensitive than closing volume in detecting abnormalities in patients with mild airway obstruction. The results suggested that the use of both MEFV curves and the closing volume test for screening would defect functional abnormalities more frequently than either test alone. PMID- 1124887 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte function by products derived from cigarette smoke. AB - The effect of various concentrations of nicotine and water soluble fraction from whole cigarette smoke on the transformation of rabbit peripheral lymphocytes by concanavalin A and goat anti-rabbit Fab was determined. The results demonstrated that incorporation of H3-thymidine into DNA by lymphocytes stimulated with optimal concentrations of these mitogens was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by nicotine and water soluble fraction, and that this suppression was not a results of cytotoxicity. The response of lymphocytes to goat and rabbit Fab was slightly more sensitive to suppression by nicotine and water soluble fraction than was the response induced by concanavalin A. Moreover, water soluble fraction was more suppressive than nicotine. These results indicate that nicotine and water soluble fraction are not mitogenic. PMID- 1124888 TI - The course of untreated Mycobacterium kansasii disease. AB - Four patients with Mycobacterium kansaii pulmonary infection were followed without treatment for 10 to 14 years after diagnosis. Although spontaneous resolution of active disease occurred 5 years after diagnosis in one patient, slowly progressive disease in the absence of significant symptoms was documented in 3 patients during a 12-to-14-year follow-up period. Administration of antituberculous drugs resulted in rapid resolution of signs of active disease in these patients. These observations added to our limited knowledge of the natural history of M. kansasii disease. PMID- 1124889 TI - Tension pleural effusion. A delayed complication of pneumothorax therapy in tuberculosis. AB - Three cases of delayed development of pleural effusion under tension, 20 to 30 years after therapeutic pneumothorax, are described. A sudden increase in dyspnea and the radiographic findings of increasing opacity, a change from hypovolemia to hypervolemia of the hemithorax, and mediastinal shift should alert one to this delayed complication. Careful thoracentesis to decompress intrapleural tension effusion can relieve the dyspnea and improve hypoxemia. The potential risks of creating excessive negative intrapleural pressure are presented. PMID- 1124890 TI - Bacteremia related to fiberoptic bronchoscopy. A case report. AB - This is the first reported case of fiberoptic bronchoscopy associated with bacteremia originating in the respiratory tract. The patient had a gram-negative bacterial bronchitis before fiberoptic bronchoscopy and later died of complications of the bacteremia. PMID- 1124891 TI - An alternate method for fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination of the intubated patient. AB - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy can be performed easily on patients requiring mechanical ventilation through endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes greater than 8 mm inside diameter. In patients with smaller tubes the procedure can still be performed by passing the bronchoscope transnasally and then through the glottis alongside the endotracheal tube. PMID- 1124892 TI - Respiratory function during prostaglandin-induced labor. AB - In a group of patients receiving intraamniotic injection of prostaglandin F2alpha or intramuscular injection of a methyl analogue of prostaglandin E2 for the termination of pregnancy, significant ariway constriction was demonstrated. The greatest responses were seen in 2 patients who had personal or family histories of asthma. If such patients receive prostaglandins, they should be carefully monitored to detect clinically important airway obstruction. PMID- 1124893 TI - The antigens participating in the macrophage micration inhibition to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - Recently the association of cellular immunity with pulmonary infiltrates in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has been suggested. Guinea pigs infected experimentally with M. pneumoniae developed a cellular hypersensitivity that could be demonstrated in vitro by the macrohage migration inhibition test. Peritoneal exudate cells obtained from guinea pigs sensitized with the organism were inhibited from migrating out of capillary tubes by the whole cell antigen. When the whole cells were extracted with aqueous acetone, the activity was found in the acetone insoluble (lipid-depleted) fraction, but not in lipid fraction. The activity was heat resistant, but diminished by treatment of 0.8 N HC1 at 100 degrees C for 30 min. The antigens responsible for the cellular immunity of M. pneumoniae were separated from the lipid, which had been considered the specific hapten associated with humoral immunity to this organism. PMID- 1124894 TI - Traumatic duodenal injuries: an analysis of 32 cases. AB - Thirty-two patients were treated for duodenal and associated injuries during the past five years. Fifty-nine per cent resulted from penetrating trauma, while 41 per cent were secondary to blunt injury. The incidence of blunt trauma represents a fourfold increase from previously published series. The morbidity rate still remains high at 47 per cent, with fistulas and infections being the most common complications. The mortality rate was 9.3 per cent, with death resulting from major intra-abdominal vascular injuries. Awareness of the potential injury to the duodenum, aggressive resuscitative measures, early operative management and improved postoperative care can lead to further reduction of these figures. PMID- 1124895 TI - Disruption of the diaphragm by blunt trauma: new dimensions of diagnosis. AB - Early diagnosis of diaphragmatic defects after blunt trauma is difficult. Multiple co-existing injuries complicate the accurate detection of lacerations of the diaphragm. Roentgenographic evaluation and a "high index of suspicion" have proven to be inefficient and inaccurate, since the average reported time for diagnosis is three and one-half years. Modified peritoneal lavage with intercostal water seal tubes in the pleural spaces is an added dimension of diagnosis. Earlier detection of diaphragmatic defects should become possible by this method. PMID- 1124896 TI - Penetrating abdominal injuries in children and adolescents. AB - A total of 107 children and adolescents underwent laparotomies for penetrating trauma. There were 64 patients with stab wounds and 43 with gunshot wounds. Only 8 per cent of the patients were under 12 years of age. Three patients died--two from gunshot wounds of major vessels and one from a gunshot wound of the colon. Most of the injuries were related to crimes of violence or were self-inflicted. Multiple organ injuries and postoperative complications were significantly more common among patients with gunshot wounds than in those with stab wounds. Associated extra-abdominal injuries appeared to be more common among patients with gunshot wounds but the difference was not statistically significant. Unnecessary laparotomies were twice as frequent in victims of stab wounds. PMID- 1124897 TI - Hepatic resection and gastric secretion. AB - These experiments serve to deny the theory that abnormal liver function in the remaining liver tissue after 60-70 per cent hepatic resection might result in gastric acid hypersecretion as a result of a "physiologic shunting" of histamine or other gastric secretagogues. PMID- 1124898 TI - Mesenteric cysts: a cause of small bowel obstruction in children. AB - Intestinal obstruction secondary to a mesenteric cyst in childhood, although rare, should be considered in the child between ages 2-10 years with chronic or acute obstruction. A case of mesenteric cyst associated with obstruction is presented, along with a review of the literature. PMID- 1124899 TI - Hernia through the foramen of Winslow. AB - The authors present a patient who has ascarid-containing jejunum herniated through the foramen of Winslow and incarcerated. Some remarkable anatomic abnormalities were noticed upon operation. These consisted of a short ascending colon, an unusually large foramen of Winslow, and smallness of the greater omentum. Before reduction, resection of the herniated and incarcerated segment of jejunum were performed. Barium enema and swallow are valuable diagnostic acids, as well as the plain film of the abdomen, but we prefer gastrographin study. With it the dangers of perforation and peritonitis are avoided. PMID- 1124900 TI - Carcinoma of the right colon. PMID- 1124901 TI - Splenic artery aneurysm. PMID- 1124902 TI - Cervical metastasis from an unknown primary. AB - Summary--Forty-nine patients with cervical metastases from unknown primaries were treated during an 11-year period. Thirty-one (63%) of these patients were treated for cure rather than palliation. The three-year survival rate of these patients treated for cure was 39%. Although the treatment of these patients varied, a systematic mode of therapy has evolved: patients with histopathologic diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma, or undifferentiated malignant tumor, metastatic to the neck from an unknown primary, are treated with full course radiation therapy (6000-7000 rads at 1000 rads per week). This is delivered to the nasopharynx, pyriform fossae, base of tongue, and the neck, and is followed by radical neck dissection in those patients in whom the neck nodes remain palpable. Six of the last 11 consecutive patients treated in this manner are long-term survivors. This paper describes the evaluation of patients with cervical metastases from unknown primaries as well as their therapy. PMID- 1124903 TI - Auditory-nerve potentials from ear canals of patients with otologic problems. AB - Summary--The feasibility of making rountine measurements of human auditory-nerve potentials in an office environment is demonstrated. Using a portable device for stimulus generating and response recording, auditory-nerve potentials are recorded from subjects with normal and abnormal hearing by means of an electrode placed on the skin of the ear canal. The results can be compared with those of others obtained under laboratory conditions. Preliminary results indicate that in many instances, the nature of the hearing deficit is related to the latency and size of the click-evoked auditory-nerve potentials. The precise relationships between nerve responses and specific disease conditions are still difficult to formulate. PMID- 1124904 TI - Acrocephalosyndactly (Apert's syndrome): Temporal bone findings. AB - The middle ear and ossicular chain were not complete in the specimen, but the remnants present appeared normally developed except for the stapediovestibular joint region. The annular ligament was incompletely developed in two areas where fixation by undedifferentiated cartilage occurred. The subarcuate fossa, normally filled with fibrous tissue and usually narrowed by a rim of newly deposited periosteal bone at birth, was unusually large. Included in this fibrous tissue were remnants of the primary cartilaginous capusule undergoing absorption, as well as islands of partially removed endochondral bone. The abnormalities in both instances indicated a disturbance in maturation or resorption of the embryonal cartilaginous capsule. PMID- 1124905 TI - Viral labyrinthitis -- an experimental study. AB - Summary--An attempt was made to produce viral labyrinthitis in the rhesus monkey. Rhesus monkeys are susceptible to the mumps virus. Nine animals were used. After removal of the stapes, the left oval windows were plugged with Gelfoam soaked in a culture of live mumps virus; right oval windows were plugged with Gelfoam soaked in killed cultures. Animals were sacrificed at different time intervals, postinfection. In eight of the nine animals there was seroconversion from negative to positive; however, none of the animals developed the histologic changes of viral labyrinthitis. PMID- 1124906 TI - Follicular carcinoma of Hurthle cell type as cause of hemoptysis. AB - Summary--A patient with follicular carcinoma, Hurthle cell type, who developed subglottic extension and uncontrollable hemoptysis is presented . In consideration of the patient's age a conservative therapeutic program was instituted with a definite response to I-131 therapy despite poor radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake by the tumor. Laryngectomy and thyroidectomy were eventually required to control hemoptysis; the patient remains socially functional and asymptomatic after a 30-month period. The two-year period of weekly office visits and temporizing treatment as occurred in this patient cannot be recommended. It seems appropriate to advocate surgical treatment including laryngectomy for follicular carcinoma, Hurthle cell type, localized to the laryngotracheal area without regard for the age of the patient. PMID- 1124907 TI - Effect of intracochlear aminooxyacetic acid on cochlear potentials and endolymph composition. AB - Summary--Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA; 1 MM) when perfused through the scala tympani of guinea pigs produced a biphasic reduction in the endocochlear potential, together with a shift in the input-output functions of the cochlear microphonics and the compound action potential of the cochlear nerve. Since the ionic (Na+, K+) content of the scala media was not alerted, it appears that such changes did not underlie the reduction recorded in the endocochlear potential. The negative direct current potential recorded in the organ of Corti did not appear to be affected by the drug. Attempts to antagonize the effects of AOAA with pyridoxine failed. PMID- 1124908 TI - Scanning evaluation of parotid gland after tympanic neurectomy. AB - Summary--Nine patients suffering from chronic parotitis, gustato sweating syndrome, and gustato lacrymation syndrome underwent tympanic neurectomy. Follow up showed discrepancies between the good clinical results and the unchanged parotid scans in eight out of nine patients. Parasympathetic bypasses to the parotid gland are discussed. PMID- 1124909 TI - Laryngeal phonatory reflex. The effect of anesthetization of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve: Acoustic aspects. AB - Summary--The laryngeal phonatory reflex through the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) was investigated by means of anesthetization of the nerve, after which acoustic signals were subjected to computer analysis to determine how anesthesia affected basic vocal parameters. Results showed that the anesthetization did not affect the abrupt cycle-to-cycle frequency changes and also did not influence the gross control of the fundamental frequency. But slower fluctuation of the fundamental frequency increased following anesthesia. From these results, it is suggested that the anesthetization of the internal branch of the SLN may derange the fine control mechanism of the larynx without affecting overall or gross performance of the phonatory apparatus. PMID- 1124910 TI - Large tracheal papillomas: A difficult anesthetic problem and an apparent cure. A case report. AB - Summary--A six-year-old female with papillomatosis of the trachea causing respiratory embarrassment was operated upon under general anesthesia. Utilizing a specially designed anesthetic technique to fit the problem and utilizing a cryoprobe followed by electrodessication, the lesions were removed. Furthermore, simple operative procedures and the use of bovine wart vaccine has, over the course of seven months, resulted in an apparent cure. PMID- 1124911 TI - Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) granuloma of the neck: Surgical considerations. AB - Summary--Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) is a contrast material which was first used for angiography about 40 years ago. Its use was discontinued because of the reported incidences of malignancy following injection. Its long-term effects are related to its long half-life and slow excretion rate. Following extravasation into the soft tissues of the neck, the prolonged radiation effect results in tissue breakdown with formation of granulomas. There can also be cranial nerve palsies, occlusion of the major blood channels, laryngeal edema, pharyngeal and esophageal ulceration, and fistula formation. To avoid these late consequences, it is suggested that Thorotrast granuloma in the neck be excised radically. Partial or limited resections are inadequate. PMID- 1124912 TI - Surgical anatomy of the guinea pig ear. AB - Summary--The basic anatomy of the guinea pig ear is outlined as background for a description of two surgical approaches to the guinea pig temporal bone. These approaches provide acess to the external, middle and inner ear without significant blood loss or mortality. The superior approach, made by incision at the superior anterior attachment of the auricle and removing the lateral wall of the epitympanic space, exposes the round window, epitympanum, lateral canal, and external auditory canal, leaving the tympanic membrane intact. The inferior approach through the neck exposes the cochlea, Eustachian canal, horizontal and posterior semicircular canals, tympanic membrane, and ossicles. PMID- 1124913 TI - Grand rounds. Padova Otorhinolaryngological Clinic, University of Padua, Italy. PMID- 1124914 TI - Cervical vertigo. PMID- 1124915 TI - Clinical science past and present. PMID- 1124916 TI - Skeletal and tissue lesions resulting from exposure to radium and fission products. AB - The chief effects of absorbed radionuclides and external radiation are radiation osteitis, disturbed bone growth, myelofibrosis and bone tumors. The lesions are dependent in part on localization and character of the radiation and in part on dose. Data on radium have been derived from dial painters, radium chemists and those treated some years ago by oral or parenteral administration. PMID- 1124917 TI - Variety--the spice of science as well as of life. The disadvantages of specialization. PMID- 1124918 TI - Reassessment of the coagulase and thermostable nuclease tests as means of identifying Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A total of 91 enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus auerus isolated from foods and tested for production of coagulase and thermostable nuclease and the ability to ferment glucose and mannitol showed, with the exception of four strains, a complete correlation among these properties. A similar correlation was observed with 103 cultures of S. aureus isolated from clinical material. In all instances, the coagulase reactions were sufficiently strong to be scored at either the 3+ or 4+ levels. Presumptive staphylococcal cultures isolated during routine examination of foods and yielding 2+ coagulase reactions or lower were invariably negative for thermostable nuclease production. It is suggested that the thermostable nuclease test be performed on cultures with doubtful coagulase reactions before classifying them as S. aureus. PMID- 1124919 TI - Fungal air spora at Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - The fungal air spora at Ibadan, Nigeria, was investigated by using Casella Slit Samplers. Three sites, incorporating three locations at each site, were selected for the exposure of replicate plates during sampling. To provide data on a wide range of saprophytic and pathogenic fungal spores, isolations were made on Sabouraud dextrose agar and malt agar plates incubated at 26 and 37 C. Altogether over 60,000 fungal colonies were isolated and counted during the 12-month sampling period. The prevalent fungal genera recorded were: Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Pithomyces, Aureobasidium, Geotrichum, Phoma, Nigrospora, Epicoccum, and Neurospora. The wet and dry seasons (indicated by the temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall data) caused seasonal periodicity in colony numbers. The influence of culture media on the isolated colonies was not significant when the total number of isolated colonies were considered on a monthly basis, but in reviewing a few of the fungal genera there were marked differences between the two media, especially with Pithomyces. Attempts were made to identify some of the isolated colonies by species, e.g., Aspergillus carneus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium herquei, Pithomyces chartaum, Rhizopus arrhizus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum. Such identifications proved a basis for further studies on the role of these fungal species in the frontier problem of contamination and biodegradation of drugs and pharmaceuticals, allergies and other problems in the local environment. PMID- 1124920 TI - Effects of time and growth media on short-chain fatty acid production by Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography was used to monitor the evolution of short chain fatty acids by Bacteroides fragilis in five media. Acetic and succinic acids, the prominent end products encountered, were readily detected within 24 h. Propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric, and lactic acids were usually recorded in more limited quantities. Maximum rates of bacterial multiplication, glucose catabolism, and end-production coincided with the first 24 h in carbohydrate-supplemented media. Extended incubation (672 h) favored substantial succinate increases in three of five media. These observations suggest that incubation time and composition of the medium are important determinants in short chain fatty acid production by B. fragilis. PMID- 1124921 TI - Biohazards assessment in large-scale zonal centrifugation. AB - A study was conducted to determine the biohazards associated with use of the large-scale zonal centrifuge for purification of moderate risk oncogenic viruses. To safely and conveniently assess the hazard, coliphage T3 was substituted for the virus in a typical processing procedure performed in a National Cancer Institute contract laboratory. Risk of personnel exposure was found to be minimal during optimal operation but definite potential for virus release from a number of centrifuge components during mechanical malfunction was shown by assay of surface, liquid, and air samples collected during the processing. High concentration of phage was detected in the turbine air exhaust and the seal coolant system when faulty seals were employed. The simulant virus was also found on both the centrifuge chamber interior and rotor surfaces. PMID- 1124922 TI - Effect of water potential on growth and iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. AB - The effect of water potential on the growth of two strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was determined by adding defined amounts of sodium chloride or glycerol to the culture medium. The two strains differed slightly, and the most tolerant strain had a minimum water potential for growth of minus 15 to minus 32 bars when chloride was used and minus 6 bars when glycerol was used. In another approach, the limiting water potential was determined by equilibrating small amounts of culture medium with atmospheres of relative humidities equivalent to specific water potentials, and the ability of the organism to grow and oxidize ferrous iron was determined. Under these conditions, which are analogous to those which might control water potential in a coal refuse pile or copper leaching dump, the lower limit at which iron oxidation occurred was minus 23 bars. The water potential of some coal refuse materials in which T. ferooxidans was present were determined, and it was found that the water potentials at which the organism was active in these habitats were similar to those at which it was able to grow in culture. However, marked variation in water potential of coal refuse materials was found, presumably due to differences in clays and organic materials, and some coal refuse materials would probably never have water potentials at which the organism could grow. Some literature on the water potentials in copper leach dumps is reviewed, and it is concluded that control of water potential is essential to maximize the success of leaching operations. Because adequate drainage is necessary in a leach dump to ensure sufficient aeration, in many cases water availability in leach dumps may restrict the development of the bacterium necessary for the process. PMID- 1124923 TI - Toxicity and occurrence of Balansia on grasses from toxic fescue pastures. AB - Balansia epichloe (Weese) and B. henningsiana (Moell.) were isolated from grasses in toxic fescue pastures. B. epichole, cultured in a synthetic medium, was toxic to chicken embryos. Thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet absorption data indicated that in submerged culture the fungus produced compounds with the indole or ergoline nucleus. PMID- 1124924 TI - Isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus from estuarine areas of Southeastern Alaska. AB - The first reported isolations of halophilic vibrios, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, from three seafood processing areas in Southeastern Alaska are described. PMID- 1124925 TI - Estrogen-induced changes in the ribonucleic acid metabolism of chicken livers. PMID- 1124926 TI - The subcellular localization of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat liver. PMID- 1124927 TI - Free reversibility of the UDP-glucose: flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase reaction. PMID- 1124928 TI - Some chemical properties of carboxymethyl derivatives of amino acids. PMID- 1124929 TI - Function and properties of aminoacyl transferases and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in rat liver and HeLa cells. PMID- 1124930 TI - Stearyl coenzyme A desaturase activity in mouse liver microsomes of varying lipid composition. PMID- 1124931 TI - Subcellular localization of rat kidney phosphate independent glutaminase. PMID- 1124932 TI - The DNA polymerases of Chinese hamster cells. The products specified by salmon sperm DNA template. PMID- 1124933 TI - A two-dimensional representation of protein structures. PMID- 1124934 TI - Effect of exogenous lipids on membrane-bound ceramide glycosyltransferases of rat brain. PMID- 1124935 TI - Fat metabolism in higher plants. The effect of cerulenin on the synthesis of medium- and long-chain acids in leaf tissue. PMID- 1124936 TI - Characterization of the pineapple stem proteases (bromelains). PMID- 1124937 TI - Crotalus adamanteus phospholipase A2-alpha: subunit structure. NH2-terminal sequence, and homology with other phospholipases. PMID- 1124938 TI - The synthesis of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-l-Galactose by extracts of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. PMID- 1124939 TI - Subcellular localization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in Pisum sativum seedlings. PMID- 1124940 TI - Enzyme stabilization by covalent attachment of carbohydrate. PMID- 1124941 TI - Limitations of xylose tolerance test as a screening procedure in childhood coeliac disease. AB - The usefulness of the xylose tolerance test as a screening procedure for coeliac disease has been reassessed in 54 children with suspected coeliac disease. 5- and 24-hour urinary excretion rates of xylose were of no value in discriminating between patients with and without coeliac disease; similarly, the 3-hour blood xylose concentration was nondiscriminatory. Three (15-8%) patients with subtotal villous atrophy and 8 (61-5%) with partial villous atrophy due to coeliac disease had one-hour blood xylose values which fell within the normal range. The effect of withdrawal or reintroduction of dietary gluten on sequential one-hour blood xylose levels was variable and generally unhelpful in predicting those patients who developed gluten-induced mucosal changes. The results of the present study emphasize the serious limitations of the xylose tolerance test as a screening procedure in childhood coeliac disease. It is recommended that the use of the urinary xylose test should be abandoned in the paediatric population. A normal one-hour blood xylose value does not exclude a diagnosis of coeliac disease even in young children who have never received a gluten-free diet. A clinical suspicion of coeliac disease remains the most important single factor in deciding whether to preform a jejunal biopsy. PMID- 1124942 TI - Birth trauma to muscles in babies born by breech delivery and its possible fatal consequences. AB - Dissection and histological examination was made of the muscles of 86 babies who died after breech delivery, and of 38 babies who died after vertex presentation. A control group of 50 surviving breech-delivered babies was examined clinically and the results compared. It was concluded that the most common type of birth trauma to a baby born by breech delivery is injury to muscles and soft tissues of the back and lower extremities, which is often extensive. In some severly injured babies histological examination of organs revels signs of crush syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation. It is suggested that the extensive muscle trauma forms the background of these fatal conditions. PMID- 1124943 TI - Follicular ovarian cysts in stillbirths and neonates. AB - A review of the histology of 332 ovaries from stillbirths and neonatal deaths within the first 28 days of life showed that follicular cysts, lined by granulosa epithelium and having a diameter greater than 1 mm on a microscopical section, were present in 113 infants. In 48 cases multiple cysts were present, while in 65 only a single cyst satisfying the criteria was found. There was an excess number of infants of low birthweight score among those with multiple cysts and the results were highly significant. Cysts, whether single or multiple in distribution, were commoner with increasing gestation, and possibly occurred more commonly in the infants of diabetic mothers and in infants where pregnancy had been complicated by rhesus isoimmunization. The nature of the changes seen in the granulosa lining and theca internal layer surrounding the cysts suggested that these cysts were not some degenerative phenomenon but occured in response to stimulation. It is suggested that homologous changes may occur in the testis of the dysmature male. The possible significance of these findings with regard to hormonal imbalance in the growth-retarded infant is considered, and the need for closer attention to endocrine function in these infants stressed. PMID- 1124944 TI - Familial hyperargininaemia. AB - A third case of hyperargininaemia occurring in one family was studied from birth. In cord blood serum arginine concentration was only slightly raised, but arginase activity in red blood cell haemolysates was very low. In the urine on day 2 a typical cystinuria pattern was present. Arginine concentration in serum increased to 158 mumol/100 ml on the 41st day of life. Later determinations of the arginase activity in peripheral blood showed values below the sensitivity of the method. Blood ammonia was consistently high, and cystinuria was present. The enzymatic defect was further displayed by intravenous loading tests with arginine. Serum urea values were predominantly normal or near the lower limit of normal, suggesting the presence of other metabolic pathways of urea synthesis. In urine there was no excretion of guanidinosuccinic acid, while the excretion of other monosubstituted guanidine derivatives was increased, pointing to a connexion with hyperargininaemia. Owing to parental attitude, a low protein diet (1-5 g/kg) was introduced only late. The infant developed severe mental retardation, athetosis, and spasticity. PMID- 1124945 TI - Rickets in Tehran. Study of 200 cases. AB - Radiologically diagnosed rickets was found to be common in children of the poorer classes in Tehran. It was frequently associated with gastroenteritis or bronchopneumonia and a large proportion of the children were severely underweight for their age. In children below the age of 1 year malnutrition tended to mask the signs of rickets. Convulsions were much less frequent in the malnourished children; the concentration of calcium in the serum was higher and that of alkaline phosphatase was lower than in those who were well nourished. Biochemistry is of little value in the diagnosis of rickets in the presence of malnutrition. PMID- 1124946 TI - Early life of the 'battered child'. AB - The obstetric histories and early lives of 28 subsequently abused children are reviewed. The youngest child, more often male, was shown to be most 'at risk' especially of the mother was pregnant. Reduced antenatal care, separation of mother and child during the neonatal peroid, illness, poor features. It is felt that these and other difficulties may be regarded as 'environmental pressures' leading to child abuse by susceptible indivisuals, early recognition of such situations could lead to preventive and supportive measures. PMID- 1124947 TI - Complication of suprapubic bladder aspiration. AB - Suprapubic abscess formation was seen in 2 babies after attempted suprapubic bladder puncture. In both cases the baby was grossly dehydrated and gut contents were aspirated. Though this complication is rare, it should be remembered, as with all investigations, that a definite indication should be present before suprapubic aspiration is undertaken. PMID- 1124948 TI - Anterior fontanelle size in the neonate. AB - A simple method is described for measuring the area of the anterior fontanelle at birth. Normal values in preterm and term infants suggest enlargement of the fontanelle with gestational age. Small-for-dates infants have significantly larger anterior fontanelles than either preterm or term infants. Knowledge of the normal variation in anterior fontanelle size may be of help in the early diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism or provide a clue to other disorders of skeletal development. PMID- 1124949 TI - Letter DDAVP in diabetes insipidus. PMID- 1124950 TI - Letter: 11 pairs of ribs in E-trisomy. PMID- 1124951 TI - Rheumatoid synovitis and joint disease. Relationship between arthroscopic and histological changes. AB - Arthroscopic and histological synovial features have been studied in forty-two patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis. A total index of disease activity as judged arthroscopically correlates significantly with a total index of histological activity. In those patients who have dense, waxy looking villi, the intensity of the villus-proliferation is associated with lymphocytic infiltration of the synovium. No relationship between synovial lining cell proliferation and cartilage disease nor between sparsity of lymphocyte infiltration and cartilage disease could be established. PMID- 1124952 TI - Development of periarticular osteophytes in experimentally induced osteoarthritis in the dog. A study using microradiographic, microangiographic, and fluorescent bone-labelling techniques. AB - (1) The development of periarticular osteophytes in experimental osteoarthritis in the dog degins as early as 3 days after induction of the disease process. (2) Development of the osteophytes is still proceeding 48 weeks after induction. (3) The common site for development of the osteophyte is at the marginal zone where synovial membrane merges with fibrocartilage. (4) At this site the osteophyte begins as a deposition of outside the existing femoral bone cortex. (5) Further deposition of new bone and resorption lead to a remodelling which ultimately produces a mature osteophyte having a trabecular bone structure and free communication with the bone marrow spaces of the femur. (6) In some dogs there is also hyperplasia of bone with remodelling which takes place beneath the cartilage of the nonarticulating face of the trochlear ridge. This develops a mature trabecular structure later in the disease process and may become confluent with the osteophyte at the marginal zone. (7) The bone changes are not confined to development of the osteophyte. The whole distal end of the femur appears to have a marked increase in bone turnover, and there is also evidence of increased bone metabolism in the contralateral limb. (8) Dye injection techniques have shown that an increase in vascularity is associated with this development of new bone, and it is suggested that the results indicate the possible importance of a vascular component in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. PMID- 1124953 TI - Development with age of human articular cartilage surface structure. A survey by interference microscopy of the lateral femoral condyle. AB - The weight-bearing surfaces of the lateral femoral condyles taken from twenty normal human cadavers aged 0-47 years have been examined by reflected light interference microscopy (RLIM) and by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surfaces appeared normal by naked eye examination. The presence of both 200-400 mum diameter secondary undulations and small ovoid 20-45 mum diameter tertiary hollows was confirmed in all specimens using both techniques. Measurements by RLIM showed that the tertiary hollows increase significantly in depth and diameter with increasing age. A further order of quaternary surface irregularities was shown. Small irregular ridges, 130-275 nm deep and 1-4 mum diameter, were found with increasing frequency on specimens obtained from persons aged 21 years. These quaternary irregularities are thought to be due to exposure of superficial fibre bundles after the loss, with age, of surface ground substance. PMID- 1124954 TI - Virus antibodies in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases. AB - Rubella and influenza A (H3N2) haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres and measles complement-fixing (CF), haemagglutination inhibition (HI), haemolysis inhibition (HLI), and ribonucleoprotein gel precipitation (RNP-GP) antibody titres were studied in the serum and synovial fluid of twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), two patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and two patients with Reiter's syndrome. Antibody titres were also studied in the serum and CSF of four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), one patient with dermatomyositis, and in the synovial fluid only of five patients with osteoarthritic knee effusions. Antibodies were found with each serological technique used in the synovial fluid of RA patients and the antibody titres were usually at about the same level as in the serum. The mean measles (HI, HLI, and RNP-GP) antibody titres were 4 to 6 times higher in the synovial fluid of RA patients than in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritic knee effusions, but a corresponding difference was not found in rubella and influenza A antibody titres. The mean measles antibody titres (CF, HI, HKI, and RNP-GP) were consistently higher in the synovial fluid of RA patients without rheumatoid factor than in the synovial fluid of RA patients with rheumatoid factor. In serum this difference was observed only with measles CF titres. The mean measles, antibody titres were consistently lower in the serum and synovial fluid of the RA patients without the synovial fluid haemolytic complement than in the RA patients with this haemolytic complement. No similar differences were found in the rubella and influenza antibody titres. No significant measles antibody titres were found in the CSF of patients with SLE or dermatomyositis. PMID- 1124955 TI - Acute knee joint rupture after yttrium 90 injection. AB - Two cases of acute rupture of the knee joint are reported after the intra articular injection of radioactive yttrium 90. It is suggested that this may be a complication of intra-articular radioactive injections. PMID- 1124956 TI - Histological study of effects of colloidal 90 yttrium on knee joint tissues of rabbits. AB - The administration of 0-2-0-4 mCi 90 yttrium (90Y) into a normal rabbit knee joint fails to induce medical synovectomy and results in the proliferation of the synovialis. The synovial mesothelium shows early radiation damage but subsequently follows a restitution of the whole. Later (within 4 to 16 weeks) an extensive fibrosis of the stratum synovialis develops, as well as an occlusion and sclerosis of smaller synovial vessels and capillaries. These changes explain the beneficial therapeutic effect of 90Y in a chronic inflammatory joint effusion. After irradiation that joint cartilage shows an increased cellular proliferation of the superficial tangential cells and in the vicinity of the cruciate ligaments small foci of degenerated cartilage are present. The overall pattern of a joint treated with intra-articular 90Y corresponds to the histological pattern encountered regularly in joints of older people. Changes of the cartilage after the 90Y radiation could represent a factor predisposing the treated joint to a subsequent development of osteoarthrosis. PMID- 1124957 TI - Lack of correlation of synovial histology with joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involving the knee were studied. The systemic features of the disease were graded and the extent of knee involvement was quantified in terms of the clinical, radiological, and arthroscopic appearances. Adequate synovial biopsies were obtained from 21 patients. In these patients no correlation could be found between the severity of any of the features on histological examination nor between any of these features and the extent of local joint damage, inflammation, or the severity of the systemic disease. PMID- 1124958 TI - Terminal phalageal osteosclerosis. AB - Osteosclerosis of the terminal finger phalanges was assessed by means of a grading score in two age-matched groups of 96 females, each suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthrosis (OA), respectively, and in a sample of 894 males and females, above the age of 44 years, from Dutch small town populations. Cortical thickness of the therminal phalanges decreases markedly with age. Whereas in the age group 45-54 years, terminal phalangeal osteosclerosis is more pronounced in females, at higher ages the difference between the sexes disappears. The diameter of the terminal cortex increases gradually from the second to the fifth finger. No differences were found between the RA and the OA groups, nor were these groups different from the population survey except for a lower incidence of terminal phalangeal osteosclerosis in female osteoarthrotics between 45 and 55 years of age, compared to females of the same age group from the population sample. PMID- 1124959 TI - Temporo-mandibular joint disease in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The occurrence of temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) disease in ankylosing spondylitis is not widely recognized and its incidence is disputed. Seventy-nine patients attending two routine rheumatology clinics were therefore examined by dental surgeon and nine (11-5 per cent) were considered to have specific TMJ involvement. These patients were older than the remainder, and had more extensive spinal and peripheral joint disease. Symptoms were mild and the predominant clinical feature was restricted mouth opening, which could present considerable difficulties during emergency anaesthesia. Bilateral condylectomy was undertaken in one patient with some benefit. PMID- 1124960 TI - Pre-ankylosing spondylitis. Histopathological report. AB - A novel explanation for the natural history of joint destruction in the early phase of ankylosing spondylitis is proposed on the basis of the clinical history, x-ray appearance, operative findings, and histopathology of a young patient believed to be suffering from the peripheral form of this disease. PMID- 1124961 TI - Rheumatoid plantar synovial cysts. AB - A patient is described with rheumatoid arthritis and a painful synovial cyst, which originated from a metatarsophalangeal joint and presented as a swelling on the plantar surface of the foot. The cyst was successfully excised. PMID- 1124962 TI - Detection of the predators of Simulium damnosum by the precipitin test. AB - Saline cell free extracts of larvae of the Simulium damnosum complex were used to immunize rabbits for the production of damnosum-antisera. Injections into the lymph nodes produced a more specific antiserum than was obtained by intramuscular injection followed by absorption. This antiserum was used to identify by the precipitin test natural predators of S. damnosum collected from the bandama River in the Ivory Coast. Various trichopteran larvae and odonatan nymphs and adults were found to be the most important predators. PMID- 1124963 TI - Paederus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Uganda. I: Outbreaks, clinical effects, extraction and bioassay of the vesicating toxin. AB - A brief review is made of the extensive, scattered and sometimes conflicting literature concerning outbreaks and effects of the vesicating Staphylinid beetles of the genus Paederus and their toxin. Observations are reported on outbreaks of Paederus sabaeus and Pachypaederus puncticollis which occurred in Uganda in 1961 62 and subsequently. Clinical effects seen in Kampala are described and a case of ocular involvement is reported in detail. It was found that the cuticle of P. sabaeus must be broken and haemolymph released for any reaction to follow, that the mucosa of the mouth is relatively little affected by the toxin, and that Pachypaederus puncticollis possesses similar vesicating properties to the Paederus species. Methods of extraction of toxin from the beetles using various solvents and a bioassay technique based on mean daily scores of reaction on mouse ears are described. Problems of treatment are discussed. PMID- 1124964 TI - Some aspects of the ecology and lifecycle of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius 1787) in Trinidad and their influence on tick control measures. AB - The distribution in Trinidad of the tick Amblyomma cajennense is defined, and the methods used to determine the boundaries of the infested areas are outlined. The relationships between climate, vegetation and husbandry methods and the distribution of the tick are described. Monthly tick collections from specific animals to determine exact seasonal variations were not possible but a study was made of the normal life cycle under laboratory conditions, the results being used to assist in interpreting the field picture and formulating methods of control. Possible systems of control are outlined and mention is made of the feasibility of eradication of the species in Trinidad. PMID- 1124965 TI - Studies on isolation and drug sensitivity of Trypanosoma vivax in northern Nigeria. AB - In a study to investigate the occurrence in cattle of Trypanosoma vivax strains resistant to the normal therapeutic dose of homidium, 47 isolates of T. vivax were collected from 10 different trypanosomiasis treatment centres in the North Central State of Nigeria. Of these 47 isolates, 23 produced infection in the experimental animals that were used for subsequent drug sensitivity trials. While all but one of the experimental cattle inoculated with T. vivax became infected, less than 50% of the experimental sheep and none of the experimental goats were able to reproduce infection. This difference in infectivity is discussed and related to the stage of the T. vivax infection in the donor cattle. None of the 23 isolates of T. vivax was resistant to homidium. The value of sheep and goats in T. vivax experiments is discussed. PMID- 1124966 TI - Catalytic curve analysis of schistosomiasis in snails. PMID- 1124967 TI - Anti-leishmania activity of normal animal sera. AB - The growth inhibition activity of normal human, dog, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, sheep, cat, mouse and chicken sera was quantified against Leishmania enriettii and Leishmania tropica. The pattern of anti-L. enriettii activity of various animal sera was somewhat different from that observed in L. tropica. Against L. enriettii, mouse serum was inactive, and against L. tropica rat and mouse sera were inactive. All the other animal sera tested had growth inhibition activity on both leishmanias. This growth-inhibiting factor was found to be heat-labile, complement dependent, adsorbable by the specific organism and non-dialyzable. Only the first few subcultures of leishmania were affected by the active sera. PMID- 1124968 TI - Surveys for amoebiasis; interpretation of data and their implications. AB - In survey work, stool microscopy for cysts and serology are the only really practicable measures of amoebic infection. The diagnostic sensitivity of stool microscopy should be estimated. Using a simple deterministic mathematical model, the rates of gain and loss of infection and seropositivity may be estimated from survey data. The low value of the constants creates difficulties but they can be estimated from: (1) cumulative data from frequently sampled cohorts; (2) analysis of the curves of age prevalence; (3) analysis of curves of long-term follow-up studies. The second method is the simplest and normally gives valid results. Appropriate epidemiological studies can give useful information about protective immunity, incubation period, superinfection, and interactions between amoebic infection and various host factors, including other disease states. Knowledge of the rate constants of infection allows predictions to be made about the likely effect of control measures. PMID- 1124969 TI - Arthropod-borne viral infections of man in Nigeria, 1964-1970. AB - During the years 1964 to 1970, 171 arboviruses of 15 different types were isolated from humans in Nigeria. Isolation rates were highest in 1969, and lowest in 1965 and 1967. Monthly arbovirus activity was highest in the rainy season months of June, July and August and lowest in the dry months of January and February. Viruses were isolated from all age groups, with the majority from children one to four years old. The viruses isolated in largest numbers were chikungunya and yellow fever, which caused epidemics in 1969, and dengue types 1 and 2 and Tataguine, which are endemic in Ibadan. Bwamba virus was isolated in 1964 and 1969, and Bunyamwera group viruses were encountered for the first time in 1969. Other viruses recovered less frequently were Zika, Igbo-Ora (an agent related to o'nyong-nyong), two viruses related to the Uganda mosquito virus Ug MP 359, Dugbe, Thogoto, Lebombo and Shuni. Several of these are new agents and have not previously been isolated from man. Clinical details are presented where available. PMID- 1124970 TI - A survey of species A and B of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex in the Kisumu area of Kenya prior to insecticidal spraying with OMS-43 (fenitrothion). AB - Throughout 1972 surveys were made in Kenya on the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex in an area near Kisumu, part of which was to have all houses sprayed with OMS-43 (fenitrothion) the following year. Pre-spray data was collected on monthly hut densities, man-biting rates, parity and the human blood indices and sporozoite rates of A. gambiae caught in both an area designated for spraying (evaluation zone) and a comparison zone which was to remain unsprayed. The sporozoite rates, host preferences, and population size of the A. gambiae comples in relation to the human population were similar in the two zones. Few adults were collected from artificial pit-shelters in either zone. Cytotaxonomic identifications showed that although species A of the A. gambiae comples predominated throughout the year, the population of species B decreased relatively less in the drier months than that of species A. No marked differences were found between the host preferences or sporozoite rates of the two species. PMID- 1124971 TI - The customer approach to patienthood. Attending to patient requests in a walk-in clinic. AB - This report conceptualizes the initial psychiatric interview as a process of negotiation between the clinician and patient. Patients are conceived of as appearing with one or more requests, many of which represent legitimate needs. It is the clinician's task to elicit the request, collect the relevant clinical data, and enter into a "negotiation" that should foster a relationship of mutual influence between patient and clinician. We have attempted to show that this approach to patienthood not only improves patient care and patient satisfaction but also leads to improved staff morale. The "customer approach" has special relevance to those clinical settings (walk-in clinics and community mental health centers) in which clinicians see a broad range of patients with a broad definition of psychiatric problems and requests. PMID- 1124972 TI - Personality factors influencing vocational rehabilitation. AB - Fifty male patients with chronic renal conditions and receiving hemodialysis underwent psychiatric examination and repeated followups in a predictive study aimed at elucidating personality factors that influence vocational rehabilitation. Previous level of functioning, satisfaction with work, sick role, and patients' dependency needs were found to influence substantially the level of vocational rehabilitation. All the data collected in the present study indicate that "rehabilitation" should start at a much earlier stage and aim at preventing regression. PMID- 1124973 TI - Attitudes and fantasy themes of patients on a psychiatric research unit. AB - A systematic investigation of patients' attitudes and fantasies on a psychiatric research unit showed that initial attitudes were most indicative of whether or not the patient was willing to cooperate with the regimen. Surprisingly, being subjected to no research was associated with negative attitudes at mid hospitalization. Negative attitudes were also associated with poor clinical competence rating of the primary physician. At the end of their hospitalization, most of the patients had positive attitudes toward the unit and the fantasy theme that was most prevalent at that time was "research is therapy." PMID- 1124974 TI - The written summary as a group psychotherapy technique. AB - During the past 18 months, we have been preparing detailed written summaries of the events of group therapy meetings, which have then been mailed to the group members. This technique was introduced initially as a device to provide structure in a very anxious group. We soon realized that the summary had a great potential for enhancing therapist effectiveness and it came to assume a number of other functions. In this report, we describe our experience with this technique, emphasizing its importance as a tool to improve the cognitive integration of the group therapy experience for both patient and therapist. PMID- 1124975 TI - Professional growth of the physiatrist: role of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. PMID- 1124976 TI - Causalgia. AB - Causalgia is a distressing syndrome which should be diagnosed and treated promptly. A presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the existence of burning pain, autonomic dysfunction and atrophic changes. Confirmation of diagnosis can be obtained by assessing the results of a sympathetic block. Some patients with causalgia may be mistaken for "hysterics" or "malingerers." Treatment may require physical and occupational therapy, analgesics, tranquilizers, sympathetic block or sympathectomy. The merits of adrenergic blocking agents, percutaneous electrical stimulation, dorsal column stimulation and acupuncture are still to be evaluated. PMID- 1124977 TI - Initial work tolerance of extremely obese patients. AB - Initial work tolerance (walking) of 16 extremely obese (133 to 238 kg) patients entering a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program was low, as previously reported, but also highly variable. Some were capable of walking one mile nonstop while others required as much as eight weeks of progressive exercise training to reach this goal. Treadmill test - indirect calorimetry results indicate that patients required approximately 20 minutes to walk one mile at their fastest pace (3 mph), displayed near steady state aerobic metabolism and expended approximately 150 to 200 net kcal/mile. Patients were screened for abnormal cardiac responses to work using graded exercise test procedures with electrocardiography and there were no apparent hazardous episodes during rehabilitative training. PMID- 1124978 TI - Energy expenditure of ambulation in patients with above-knee amputations. AB - Oxygen consumption during ambulation was measured in nine middle-aged or elderly subjects having above-knee amputations, in an effort to determine the mode of ambulation and prosthetic prescription requiring the least energy expenditure. Studies revealed that crutch walking and prosthetic ambulation require the same energy expenditure; that there is no significant difference between the energy requirements of ambulating with knee locked or unlocked; and that 65 percent more energy is required at approximately one-half the normal speed of ambulation for above-knee amputees as compared to normal persons. PMID- 1124979 TI - Conditioning of postcoronary patients: comparison of continuous and interval training. AB - Interval training is theoretically attractive as a means of training the postcoronary patient, since by appropriate choice of exercise and recovery intervals substantial cardiac training can be achieved without the accumulation of anaerobic metabolities and associated increases of blood pressure and cardiac work load. Six patients with frequent exercise-induced anginal attacks coped well with a program based upon running or jogging (1/2 to 1 minute) followed by 1 to 1 1/2 minutes of slow walking. Despite a poor previous response to several months of continuous training, they showed a substantial gain of aerobic power with one year on the interval regimen. The ST segmental response to a fixed increment of pulse rate remained unimproved, but probably because of the enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness, the ST depression at a fixed work load was lessended. Twenty other patients who had also followed a continuous exercise regimen for up to one year were switched to interval-type work. Over the next year they failed to progress as fast as a group of 15 patientswho persisted with continuous effort training. While interval work is helpful to the severely disabled anginal patient, it apparently leads to slower progress in the average postcoronary patient. PMID- 1124980 TI - Renal function in patients with spinal cord injury: the eighth year of a ten-year continuing study. AB - In the eighth year of a continuing study of renal function in patients with spinal cord injury, 78 percent had good function, 13 percent mild deterioration, 4 percent moderate deterioration and 5 percent severe deterioration of kidney function. No single factor was shown to be a dominant cause of decreased function. The factors most frequently associated with renal deterioration were vesicoureteral reflux, renal calculi, recurrent pyelonephritis as demonstrated by calyceal blunting, and recurrent decubitus ulcers, the latter usually in combination with other factors. Most of these factors could be prevented by good medical supervision and meticulous self-care. PMID- 1124981 TI - Electromyography in paraspinal muscles following surgery for root compression. AB - The paraspinal muscles were examined by electromyography (EMG) in 20 patients who had undergone laminectomy for root compression in the lumbosacral region. Cases were carefully selected to include only those in which there was no evidence of recurrent radiculopathy. The precise anatomic sites having electromyographic (EMG) abnormalities (fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves) were determined. These data were obtained to determine if EMG of paraspinal muscles following laminectomy is useful in patients with a suspected recurrence. EMG was done 1 cm and 3 cm lateral from the midline at each vertebral level from L3 through S2. The interval between surgery and EMG ranged from 3-1/2 to 41 months. Seventeen of the 20 cases showed EMG abnormalities; and of these, 15 were abnormal at three or more vertebral levels and 13 at both 1 cm and 3 cm from the midline. It was shown that patients who have undergone laminectomy for root compression may demonstrate EMG changes in the paraspinal muscles for periods of up to 41 months postoperatively even without recurrent radiculopathy. The abnormalities are usually present at both 1 and 3 cm lateral from the midline and at multiple vertebral levels. PMID- 1124982 TI - Phasic conversion after tibialis posterior transfer. PMID- 1124983 TI - Recurrent superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a quadriplegic patient. AB - Recurrent superior mesenteric artery syndrome occurs less frequently than other complications in patients having high spinal cord injury. However, as illustrated by the case reported here, it is important that the clinician be aware of the possibility of this syndrome in such patients. PMID- 1124984 TI - Nervous system degeneration produced by the industrial solvent methyl n-butyl ketone. AB - Because of a number of cases of peripheral neuropathy that occurred in factory workers employed in a fabric-printing plant in 1973, chronic inhalation experiments have been conducted using the printing-ink solvents methyl n-butyl ketone (MBK) and methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK). After four months of intermittent respiratory exposure to 1,300 parts per million (ppm) MBK, all six rats tested developed severe symmetric weakness in the hindlimbs. Morphological studies showed massive focal axonal enlargements containing abnormally large numbers of neurofilaments and dying-back axonal degeneration in peripheral and central nerve fibers. Six rats similarly exposed for five months to 1,500 ppm of MIBK showed minimal distal axonal change, but remained neurologically intact. The principal conclusion of this study is that MBK is a neurotoxin in rats. PMID- 1124985 TI - Familial cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Report of a new family and review of the literature. AB - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis occurred in a new family. This is a rare familial disorder characterized by juvenile cataracts, enlargement of tendons, low intelligence, and a variable neurological syndrome with cerebellar ataxia as the most prominent feature. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. The basic defect remains obscure, but recent investigations have shown an excess of cholestanol in the tissues and serum of affected persons, which forms the basis of diagnosis. PMID- 1124986 TI - Complications of phenol neuroloysis. AB - Phenolic stellate ganglion blockade caused triparesis in one patient, and phenolic neurolysis of cervical posterior roots caused respiratory arrest in another. These complications illustrate the dangers of the spread of phenol beyond the intended site of neurolysis with resultant local anesthesia, direct neural damage, vascular damage, and infarcts. PMID- 1124987 TI - Human masseter muscle: H- and tendon reflexes. Their paradoxical potentiation by muscle vibration. AB - We developed a method for direct electrical stimulation of the masseter nerve in man. Both direct M-reponses and genuine H-reflexes were recorded from the ipsilateral masseter muscle. Muscle vibration that inhibits the Achilles tendon reflex and the soleus H-reflex was found to potentiate the masseter tendon reflex and also the masseter H-reflex. This unexpected contrast may be related to peculiar brain stem circuitry of the masseter reflex mechanism. PMID- 1124988 TI - Cerebral hemispheric asymmetry in humans. Cortical speech zones in 100 adults and 100 infant brains. AB - Morphological asymmetry of the frontal operculum and temporal planum becomes measurable at the 29th week of gestation. There is evidence of subsequent differential development of the planum in favor of the left, with the left planum larger than the right. While both the frontal operculum and left planum were always present, the right planum ranged in size from absent (10%)to larger than the left (about 10%). Females predominated (P less than .05) in the latter group. The findings suggest that (1) a higher percentage of persons may have right-sided cerebral representation for speech than has been assumed previously; (2) a predetermined morphological asymmetry contributes to establishing the ultimate pattern of cerebral speech representation following an early insult to a predisposed hemisphere; and (3) it is necessary to scrutinize clinical material for the differential organization of hemispheric development between sexes. PMID- 1124989 TI - Multiple cerebral aneurysms and cardiac myxoma. AB - Neurological signs are a frequent manifestation of left atrial myxoma, but the association of cardiac myxoma with multiple cerebral aneurysms is rare. A case of left atrial myxoma was detected in the course of a long-lasting psychiatric and neurological illness. Four-vessel study showed the presence of multiple saccular and fusiform aneurysms, regularly and almost symmetrically distributed. The intracardiac mass was removed, and the patient improved. PMID- 1124990 TI - [The problem of stress of the symphysis following hip-arthrodesis or -ankylosis during pregnancy and birth (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124992 TI - [Walking cradle--a new way to walk with casts (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124991 TI - [Experiments for the determination of calcium density in osteotomized and stabilised rabbit tibiae (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124993 TI - [Experiences with dimer X for lumbosacral-myelography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124994 TI - The resultant force on the femoral head in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The resultant force on the femoral head was measured by suing a roentgenographic method in 100 rheumatoid patients (152 hips) who had Charnley arthroplasties. Postoperative avulsion of the greater trochanter has been frequently observed in the rheumatoid hip. After operation the resultant force and the abductor pull were increased in 18 of 31 with the detached trochanter, whereas decreased in the non-detached group in 81 of 121. In the hips with acetabular protrusion, preoperative values of the force were less than in that the trochanter united and postoperative increase in the abductor force was noted. This seems to be related to the great tendency for trochanteric avulsion in this group. PMID- 1124995 TI - [The mechanism of the luxation (dislocation) of the patella (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124996 TI - [Regressive processes and repair after experimental transplantation of homologous articular cartilage (author's transl)]. PMID- 1124997 TI - [Effects of various solvents on skin surface lipid composition]. AB - 1. Samples of cutaneous sebum were taken from different skin regions, according to the method of Herrmann and Prose. 2. Some samples were removed from the skin using diethyl ether, while others were removed under similar conditions, with cyclohexane. 3. As a rule, thin-layer chromatography revealed darker, clearer and more numerous bands after the use of diethyl ether, than after the use of cyclohexane. However, some exceptions were seen. 4. The chromatograms showed individual differences while the differences between the samples taken from different skin regions of one and the same person were less considerable. 5. Despite the individual differences, the samples taken from persons without skin diseases showed some characteristic features. PMID- 1124998 TI - Skin irritancy and sensitivity to laundry detergents containing proteolytic enzymes. Part I. AB - In the present study the contact irritative--eczematogenic--effect of alkaline protease enzymes (PE) contained in syndet laundry detergents has been investigated. The method employed was the occlusive epicutaneous test (ET) involving the use of increasing serial dilutions of PE and various times of exposure. The tests were made on sympton-free skin, on skin showing premorbid or slight irritative changes, on skin previously acid- or base-treated, in the presence of increased skin permeability and following the skin stripping method. The results obtained in the 912 test series indicate that the PEs tested ("Tenzym prilled" Grindstedvoerkek, and "Maxatase" Gist-Brocases) caused no irritation or other damage to the intact or slightly lesioned skin even in response to close contact lasting several days. When as a result of increased irritation, or for other reasons, the PEs may be assumed to penetrate into the subcorneal layers, they may exert a proteolytic effect, as manifested in the increasing number of positive ETs. In such cases the PE concentrations exceeded by far those employed in the commercial detergents. It is most likely that the skin changes noted in connection with the use of bioactive laundry detergents are due not to the PE content of these detergents, but to other factors. PMID- 1124999 TI - Studies on hypersensitivity to "para group". AB - The author reports the results of patch tests using various aromatic compounds in subjects sensitized to PPD. It was found that aromatic nitro and hydroxyl compounds as well as secondary and tertiary amines do not cause cross-reactions. Positive reactions were obtained only with primary aromatic amines, independently of the position of the amino group in the ring-para, ortho or meta. PMID- 1125000 TI - [Influence of the anthelminthic treatment of pregnant sows with Eustidil (Haloxon) on the development of piglets]. PMID- 1125001 TI - [Keratitis superficialis chronica]. PMID- 1125002 TI - [Effect of 2-year storage of calf blood serum at -20 degrees C on the total protein and protein fraction]. PMID- 1125003 TI - [Disease-, immunologic process and virulence changes in the swine-fever as reaction of the involved lymphomyeloid system]. PMID- 1125004 TI - Low molecular weight analogs of coenzyme Q as hydrogen acceptors and donors in systems of the respiratory chain. PMID- 1125005 TI - Growth-dependent accumulation and utilization of proteinase inhibitor I in tobacco callus tissues. PMID- 1125006 TI - Conservation of non-histone chromatin proteins during growth in HeLa cells. PMID- 1125007 TI - Phosphorylation of messenger RNA-bound proteins in HeLa cells. PMID- 1125008 TI - Aminoacyl-tRNA specificity of a 40S ribosomal subunit binding factor from rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 1125009 TI - Purification by affinity chromatography of nicotonic and muscarinic hydrophobic proteins separated by Sephadex LH20. PMID- 1125010 TI - Identification of a distinctive molecular form of alcohol dehydrogenase in human livers with high activity. PMID- 1125011 TI - Reversal of the inhibitory effect of lipid peroxides on the hepatic cytochrome P 450 monooxygenase system by a soluble factor from liver and a commercial isocitric dehydrogenase preparation from hog heart. PMID- 1125012 TI - Influence of cation concentration on the sialidase activity of neuronal synaptic membranes. PMID- 1125013 TI - Separation of human blood platelet elastase and proelastase by affinity chromatography. PMID- 1125014 TI - Intermolecular contacts of deoxyhemoblogin S: a hypothesis and search for possible anti-sickling agents. PMID- 1125015 TI - DNA-binding proteins in human serum. PMID- 1125016 TI - Selective reduction of a disulfide bond in chymotrypsin A-alpha. PMID- 1125017 TI - N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA specific hydrolase in yeast. PMID- 1125018 TI - Intercalating agents as probes of the spatial relationship between chromatin components. PMID- 1125019 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in tissues of prolactin-treated rats. PMID- 1125020 TI - Preferential chemical modification of a binding subsite on the acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 1125021 TI - Horseradish peroxidase. XIX. A photochemical reaction of compound I at 5 degrees K. PMID- 1125022 TI - Gametic recognition: lack of enhanced glycosyltransferase ectoenzyme system activity on nonsexual cells and sexually incompatible gametes of Chlamydomonas. PMID- 1125023 TI - Structural stability and composition of acetylcholinesterase purified by affinity chromatography from fresh electroplax tissue of Electrophorus electricus. PMID- 1125024 TI - Direct counts of the ribosomes per cell in the zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii. PMID- 1125025 TI - Horse hemoglobins containing deutero- and mesoheme; functional and structural studies. PMID- 1125026 TI - Active transport of glutamine and glutamic acid in membrane vesicles from Mycobacterium phlei. PMID- 1125027 TI - Purification of catechol-O-methyltransferase by affinity chromatography. PMID- 1125028 TI - A function of tetrahydropteridines as cofactors for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. PMID- 1125029 TI - An unusual pattern of lysine rich histone components is associated with spermatogenesis in rat testis. PMID- 1125030 TI - Reactivity of the cysteine and tyrosine residues of aspartate transaminase from chicken heart cytosol. PMID- 1125031 TI - Nature of eukaryotic proteins required for joining of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits. PMID- 1125032 TI - Syncatalytic sulfhydryl group modification in mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from chicken and pig heart. PMID- 1125033 TI - Ribonucleic acid synthesis in Streptomyces antibioticus: stable ribonucleic acid species synthesized by young and old cells. PMID- 1125034 TI - Stimulation of coleoptile elongation in Zea mays by p-hydroxybenzoic acid. PMID- 1125035 TI - The inhibition of 16-alpha-hydroxytestosterone aromatization by carbon monoxide. PMID- 1125036 TI - Degradation of 3-hydroxyflavone by horse radish peroxidase. PMID- 1125037 TI - The influence of tissue environment on the rates of metabolic processes and the properties of enzymes. PMID- 1125038 TI - Effect of anesthetics on the interaction of a fluorescent probe with human erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 1125039 TI - Toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants to isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 1125040 TI - Cumulative excretion of succinonitrile in mice. PMID- 1125041 TI - Effect of phenobarbital pretreatment on the metabolism and biliary excretion of methadone. PMID- 1125042 TI - Reactivity of various phenothiazine derivatives with oxygen and oxygen radicals. PMID- 1125043 TI - Effects of ethanol on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rat. PMID- 1125044 TI - Effect of allopurinol and its metabolic derivatives on the configuration of human orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase. PMID- 1125045 TI - Pulmonary O-methyl transferases. PMID- 1125046 TI - Effect of choline acetyltransferase inhibitors on mouse and guinea-pig brain choline and acetylcholine. PMID- 1125047 TI - Studies on the effects of betabeta'-iminodipropionitrile and O-(beta hydroxyethyl)-rutoside on ADP-activated aggregation of rat platelets in relation to the development of diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 1125048 TI - Turnover of cytidine and uridine components of acid-soluble pool and RNA of cytoplasmic ribosomes after repeated phenobarbital administration. PMID- 1125049 TI - Pathways of nucleotide metabolism in Schistosoma mansoni--VI adenosine phosphorylase. PMID- 1125050 TI - Dimethylaminoethanol--an improbable substrate in vivo for alcohol dehydrogenase in the rat. PMID- 1125051 TI - Lack of effect of ouabain on creatine phosphokinase efflux from skeletal muscle. PMID- 1125052 TI - Inhibitory effects by anti-inflammatory drugs on enzyme release from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomes. PMID- 1125053 TI - The effect of pretreating rats with 3-methylcholanthrene upon the enhancement of microsomal aniline hydroxylation by acetone and other agents. PMID- 1125054 TI - The influence of 6-hydroxydopamine on mouse brain acetylcholinesterase and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. PMID- 1125055 TI - Inhibition of beef plasma amine oxidase by clorgyline. PMID- 1125056 TI - Stabilization of total and free ribosomes associated with 3-methylcholanthrene induced adult rat liver growth. PMID- 1125057 TI - Oxidative cleavage of the ethylenic linkage of stilbene by rabbit liver microsomes. PMID- 1125058 TI - Scope and limitation in dopamine beta-hydroxylase measurement. PMID- 1125059 TI - Differential effects of chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine free radical on calcium transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. PMID- 1125060 TI - Effect of pyridinolcarbamate on enzyme changes in the arterial wall of rats intoxicated with allylamine. PMID- 1125061 TI - Oxidative metabolism of mescaline in the central nervous system--V. In vitro deamination of mescaline to 3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoic acid. PMID- 1125062 TI - Enhancement of apomorphine-induced inhibition of striatal dopamine-turnover following chronic haloperidol. PMID- 1125063 TI - The microsomal metabolism of some analogues of cyclophosphamide: 4 methylcyclophosphamide and 6-methylcyclophosphamide. PMID- 1125064 TI - Amine competition for oxidation by rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. PMID- 1125065 TI - Effects of some epoxides on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. PMID- 1125066 TI - Reduction in vivo of (minus)-nicotine-1'-N-oxide by germ-free and conventional rats. PMID- 1125067 TI - Studies on bilirubin and steroid glucuronidation by rat liver microsomes. PMID- 1125068 TI - The nature of (3H)imipramine binding to synaptosomes. PMID- 1125069 TI - Metabolic studies on diphenylsulfone derivatives in chick macrophages. PMID- 1125070 TI - Adenosine deaminase from human erythrocytes: purification and effects of adenosine analogs. PMID- 1125071 TI - The binding of (14C)phenethylhydrazine to rat liver monoamine oxidase. PMID- 1125072 TI - The binding of catecholamines to human serum proteins. PMID- 1125073 TI - Effects of hydrocortisone and immobilization on tryptophan metabolism in brain and liver of rats of different ages. PMID- 1125074 TI - Blockade of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase in mice on chronic ingestion of 4 bromopyrazole and 4-iodopyrazole. PMID- 1125075 TI - Studies of the microsomal drug metabolism system in warfarin-resistant and susceptible rats. PMID- 1125076 TI - Altered plasma creatine phosphokinase activity in vincristine-treated rats. PMID- 1125077 TI - Initial studies on the cytotoxic action of maytansine, a novel ansa macrolide. PMID- 1125078 TI - Nutritional factors affecting drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. PMID- 1125079 TI - Structure-activity relationships for substrates and inhibitors of hen brain neurotoxic esterase. PMID- 1125080 TI - Incorporation of the purine moieties of guanosine and inosine analogs into nucleotide pools of human erythrocytes. PMID- 1125081 TI - The effects of some drugs which cause agranulocytosis on protein synthesis in human granulocytes. PMID- 1125082 TI - Comparisons of the formation of cytochrome P-450 complexes absorbing at 455 nm in rabbit and rat microsomes. PMID- 1125083 TI - Components of the heme biosynthetic pathway and mixed function oxidase activity in human fetal tissues. PMID- 1125084 TI - Studies on the distinction between uptake inhibition and release of (3H)dopamine in rat brain tissue slices. PMID- 1125085 TI - Glucuronidation of 1-naphthol in the rat intestinal loop. PMID- 1125086 TI - Ethanol metabolism in the vitamin C deficient guinea-pig. PMID- 1125087 TI - Effect of sublethal doses of cyanide on glucose catabolism. PMID- 1125088 TI - Cadmium potentiation of drug response--role of the liver. PMID- 1125089 TI - Lipogenic action of cycloheximide on the rat epididymal fat pad. PMID- 1125090 TI - Enhancement of cholesterol turnover in rats by a catatoxic steroid (PCN) and a bile acid sequestrant (colestipol-HCl). PMID- 1125091 TI - Mode of action of Withaferin A and Withanolide D. PMID- 1125092 TI - The effect of heating rat liver cytosol on oestrogen-induced tryptophan oxygenase activity. PMID- 1125093 TI - Hepatic uptake of cardiac glycosides in newborn rats, rabbits and dogs. PMID- 1125094 TI - Transcortin levels in the blood of arthritic rats. PMID- 1125095 TI - Decreased rat brain acetylcholine utilization after heroin and cross tolerance to l-methadone. PMID- 1125096 TI - Enzymatic formaldehyde production from 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid: prior step to alkaloid formation. PMID- 1125097 TI - History and status of incompatibility of hearing aids and telephones. PMID- 1125098 TI - The audiologist's model for test selection. PMID- 1125099 TI - Consideration of the speech pathologist's role in early childhood education for the handicapped. PMID- 1125100 TI - Guidelines for identification audiometry. PMID- 1125101 TI - Summary of 18 state laws licensing speech pathologists and audiologists. PMID- 1125102 TI - Clinical supervisors and trainees; two views of a process. PMID- 1125103 TI - The Wisconsin procedure for appraisal of clinical competence (W-PACC): model and data. PMID- 1125104 TI - Editorial: Research still flourishing despite difficulties. PMID- 1125105 TI - The relationship between concurrent liver fluke infection and salmonellosis in cattle. PMID- 1125107 TI - Letter: Treatment of enteric disease in the rabbit. PMID- 1125106 TI - Identification of type A strains of P multocida using staphylococcal hyaluronidase. PMID- 1125108 TI - Nonvirionic inhibitor of DNA synthesis in human embryo fibroblast cell cultures infected with rubella virus. AB - Human embryo fibroblast cell cultures (RU-I) infected with virulent and attentuated strains of rubella virus of treated with a cell extract form infected and from control cultures have been studies in respect of their mitotic activity by evaluating the (3-H) thymidine uptake by autoradiography. The results show the presence in infected cell cultures of a nonvirionic inhibitor of DNA synthesis, which is detectable in control cell cultures too, though to a lesser degree. The relation of this inhibitor to the chalone system is so far unclear. No effect of the extracts on human chromosome pattern was observed. Attempts of biochemical characterization by fractionation of 14-C-labeled extracts on polyacrylamide gel followed by autoradiography were unsuccessful. PMID- 1125109 TI - [1:7 ratio in the distribution of adw and ayw subtypes in a population of HBs Ag positive hepatitis patients in northern Italy]. AB - The subtypes of HBsAg have been determined in 41 cases of acute type B hepatitis by counterelectrophoresis (CEP) using mono-specific D (anti-d), Y (anti-y), W (anti-w) and R (anti-r) antisera following Dr. Holland's technique. In 36 cases (87.8 percent) the subtype was ayw and in 5 (12.3 per cent) adw. Neither r subtypes nor simultaneous presence in the same patient of both d and y subtypes were detected. The subtype distribution in Itayl is closely related to the observed distribution of d/y subtypes in the Mediterranean countries, except for Spain, showing a pattern similar to that of Central and Northern Europe countries. PMID- 1125110 TI - [The antigenic structure of Toxoplasma gondii. III. Behavior of human sera as compared with purified antigens]. AB - 263 human serum samples obtained from 9 controls and 42 patients with clinical diagnosis suggestive for toxoplasmosis were examined by means of Sabin and Feldman's dye test (DT) in comparison with complement fixation test (CF) with a whole toxoplasma antigen. 6 out of 9 controls and 21 out of 42 patients showed analogous behaviour in both methods while the remaining ones behaved differently. 24 out of the 42 patients as well as the 9 controls were chosen between these two groups (showing concordant or discordant DT/CF behaviour) to determine the presence or absence of anti-"polysaccharide" and anti-"protein" antibodies against purified antigens by means of CF test. Presence of anti-polysaccharide antibodies was shown in 15 subjects (4 out of 17 "DT/CF discordant" groups) and antiprotien antibodies in 8 patients (2 and 6 respectively in the two groups). Antibodies against these two purified antigens were never shown in the 9 normal people. Critical as well as hypothetical implications concerning the results so far obtained are discussed. PMID- 1125111 TI - Purification and concentration of influenza inactivated viruses by continuous flow zonal centrifugation. AB - A mathod is described for the purification, on an industrial scale, of influenza viruses grown in allantoic cavity of embryonated eggs. The mehtod consists of combining continuous-flow centrifugation with zonal centrifugation in a sucrose (36.6 per cent-52.5 per cent w/v) density gradient. The sample flow rate is approximately 3.7 litres/h and the volumes treated vary between 3 and 33 litres of allantoic fluid. Both the recovery of the virus and the degree of concentration and purification result satisfactory. PMID- 1125112 TI - Complete heart block as a consequence of atriondal discontinuity. AB - We have recently studied a case of complete heart block in which there was considerable difficulty in deciding whether it was of congenital or acquired origin. This was because the heart block was first discovered at the age of 2 years in the course of acute diphtheria. Though diphtheritic infections are known to affect the cardiac conduction system, authenticated cases of post-diphtheritic block persisting after the infection are rare, and, furthermore, histopathological study in this case revealed discontinuity between the atrial tissues and the more peripheral parts of the atrioventricular conduction tissues. This has been more commonly observed in congenital cases of complete heart block and it has been postulated on theoretical grounds that this could be thebasis for congenital heart block; on the other hand, it has been noted in a single casethought to be of acquired origin. Review of the evidence available failed to allow accurate classification of the case into either congenital or acquired categories. Thenormal, segmental development of the atrioventricular node, each segment being of different embryological origin, is discussed and the case presented is understandable in thelight of this. PMID- 1125113 TI - Validity of echocardiographic estimates of left ventricular size and performance in infants and children. AB - Echocardiography has been shown to be a reliable method for estimating left ventricular size and function in adults, but little attention has been paid to its application to infants and children. This paper describes a validatory study in 40 children aged between 4 days and 16 years. There was a significant correlation between angiocardiographic and echocardiographic estimates of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (r=0.76), left ventricular end-systolic volume (r=0.68), and ejection fraction (r=0.73). Left ventricular mean circumferential shortening rate (mean Vcf), however, gave the mostsignificant correlation (r=0.91). These findings indicate that while care must be exercised in interpreting indices of left ventricular size and performance derived from echocardiography, these measurements, and in particular mean Vcf, do offer a useful and reliable means of assessing left ventricular function in infants and children. PMID- 1125114 TI - Accuracy of echocardiography for assessing aortic root diameter. AB - The normal range for aortic root diameters employing the echocardiographic continuous recording technique was determined in 159 adult subjects without aortic valve disease or hypertension. In order to evaluate the accuracy of this noninvasive technique, the aortic root diameters as measured by ultrasound before operation in 31 patients with aortic valve disease were compared with their respective aortic annulus diameters as determined at the time of valve replacement. The 159 normal subjects consisted of 78 men and 81 women whose ages ranged from 18 to 74 pears (average 38). The normal range of aortic root diameters in this group was 17 to 33 mm (mean 23.7). A significant difference (P is smaller than 0.001) in aortic root diameters existed between men and women which could not be explained by differences in body surface area. The mean diameter among the 81 women was 22.4 plus or minus 3.3 mm(I SD) compared to the mean diameter in the 78 men of 25 plus or minus 3.5 mm. These results indicate a normal range for aortic root diameters which is significantly lower than previously reported. The aortic root diameter which was measured reoperatively by ultrasound in the 31 patients with aortic valve disease averaged 25.1 plus or minus 1.9 mm and did not differ significantly from the actual aortic annulus diameter of 25.5 plus or minus 2.6 mm measured at the time of surgery. The aortic root measurements by echo were within 2 mm of the corresponding annulus diameter in 25 of the 31 operated patients (80%). PMID- 1125115 TI - Comparison of scalar and vector electrocardiographic diagnosis and localization of myocardial infarction. AB - A prospective study was made of 80 patients during typical clinical episodes of acute myocardial infarction with biochemical and scalar electrocardiographic confirmation. Nine patients had bundle-branch block and 12 had had previous episodes of myocardial infarction. Serial electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms were recorded during the first week in hospital. The most striking finding was that in more than half the cases there was disagreement between the electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram in the localizationof infarction. The earliest evidence of infarction in the electrocardiogram is often restricted to ST and T changes though in the corresponding vectorcardiograms evidence of infarction may be present in the QRS loop. In those cases in which both electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram show QRS abnormalities these are frequently detected earlier in the vectorcardiogram, but the converse is rare. PMID- 1125116 TI - Right-to-left interatrial shunting with normal right ventricular pressure. A puzzling haemodynamic picture associated with some rare congenital malformations of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve. AB - Haemodynamic and angiographic findings are described in 5 cases with rare anomalies of the right ventricle and the second there was isolated congenital 'absence' of the tricuspid valve. The remaining 3 cases all had isolated congenital hypoplasia of the right ventricle; in 2 of these 3 cases closure of the atrial septal defect was successful in abolishing cyanosis and symptoms,while the third is awaiting surgical correction. PMID- 1125117 TI - Left and right heart haemodynamics during spontaneous angina pectoris. Comparison between angina with ST segment depression and angina with ST segment elevation. AB - The function of both right and left sides of the heart was studied during spontaneous attacks of angina pectoris at rest in 7 patients showing ST depression (type I) and 4 showing ST elevation (type II) during the attack. In none of the 44 type I attacks and 29 type II attacks which were recorded did circulatory changes; the latter were different in the two groups. Type I attacks showed: a) a brief fall in arterial pressure, accompanied by b) a rise of right atrial and pulmonary wedge pressures and c) a decrease of cardiac output, right and left stroke work, the mean rate of systolic ejection, and indirect left ventricular pre-ejection dP/dt. In the course of the attack a hypertensive phase followed, which was paralleled by an increase of heart rate, cardiac output, left and right stroke work, and mean systolic ejection rate, left dP/dt; right atrial pressure and wedge pressure remained raised. All of the circulatory functions started to revert towards the pre-attack levels coincident with the waning phase of the electrocardiographic alteration, the latter occurring either spontaneously or after nitroglycerin. Type II attacks for the entire duration of the electrocardiographic changes showed: a) a reduction of arterial pressure, cardiac output, right and left stroke work, mean systolic ejection rate, and left dP/dt, b) a rise of right atrial and wedge pressures, and c) quite small changes of heart rate. When the electrocardiogram started to revert to the pre-attack aspect, the cardiac function rapidly improved and, after a supernormal phase, returned to the basal levels in about 2 minutes. It is concluded: 1) that no circulatory factor interfering with the mechanical effort of the heart is responsible for eliciting spontaneous angina: 2) that in type I attacks right and left ventricular impairment occurs which recovers rapidly, possibly through a sympathetic compensation; 3) that in type II attachs dysfunction of both sides of the heart occurs and persists throughout the episode of electrocardiographic alteration; 4) that the dynamic impairment is probably more severe in type I than in type II angina. PMID- 1125118 TI - Sinus node recovery time in the elderly. AB - Measurement of the sinus node recovery time has been proposed as a diagnostic tool for recognition of the sick sinus syndrome. The latter is most frequently encountered in elderly patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. In order to provide normal values for the sinus node recovery time in this particular population group, atrial pacing studies were carried out in 30 subjects over 50 years of age, all with peripheral vascular disease and some with angina pectoris (10), residua of infarction (6), or hypertension (7). On stimulation, 7 patients maintained a I:I atrioventricular conduction up to the rate of 180/min. Second degree atrioventricular block developed in all other cases. On six occasions, Wenckebach's periods appeared at the relatively slow pacing rate of 120/min. The maximum postoverdrive pause ranged from 680 to 1600 ms with an average of 1100 ms plus or minus 190 (10). For each pacing speed, a correlation was found between the duration of the pause and the control intrinsic cardiac rate, longer pauses being associated with longer resting PP intervals. Beyond 120/min, the duration of the pause was seen to shorten progressively as the driving rate was increased. Finally, the behavior of the sinus node pacemaker following interruption of pacing showed individual variations. After pacing at relatively slow rates, a prompt return to near control values was consistently observed, whereas, after fast rates of driving, a phase of secondary depression developed in about one-half of the studied cases. PMID- 1125119 TI - Effects of the quaternary ammonium compound OX-572 on ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction. AB - Patients with acute myocardial infarction who developed defined ventricular tachyarrhythmias were randomly allocated to two groups. The patients (n=34) in one of the groups received the quaternary ammonium compound N,N-bis (phenylcarbamoylmethyl) dimethylammoniumchloride (QX-572) intravenously as an infusion of 8 mg/kg body weight over 30 minutes. The patients in the other group (n=33) received saline and acted as controls. The analysis of arrhythmias was based on a continuous electrocardiogram recorded in parallel to routine monitoring during the 24 hours after the start of infusion. Only the detection of ventricular tachycardia or the development of ventricular fibrillation on routine monitoring could induce a change in antiarrhythmic treatment. The incidence of patients with ventricular tachycardia recorded was significantly lower in the QX 572 group (38%) than in the control group (73%). About half the number of patients with ventricular tachycardia recorded on the continuous electrocardiogram were also detected by means of routine monitoring. The number of patients with various types of ventricular premature contractions (1-5/min, greater than 5/min, paired, multifocal, R on T), ventricular tachycardia, and rapid idioventricular rhythm were compared within successive one-hour periods. For all types of ventricular tachyarrhythmias except rapid idioventricular rhythm there was a lower incidence of arrhythmias in the QX-572 group... PMID- 1125120 TI - Letter: congenital mitral regurgitation due to 'posterior reinsertion' of chordae tendineae. PMID- 1125121 TI - Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery. Surgical considerations in the adult. AB - The usually recommended treatment for anomalous origin of a left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is proximal ligation of the anomalous artery with a saphenous vein bypass graft to restore aortocoronary continuity. In an adult patient with large collateral vessels and with the left coronary artery arising from the back of the pulmonary artery, the technical surgical problems associated with this procedure are formidable. Closure of the orifice of the anomalous left coronary artery from inside the pulmonary artery is suggested as the treatment of choice in such a case. PMID- 1125122 TI - Changing haemodynamics in patient with papillary muscle dysfunction. AB - A patient with papillary muscle disease caused by myocardial infarction was studied before and after injection of phenylephrine. The pulmonary wedge pressure was normal at rest. However, pressures and murmur changes, occurring spontaneously and after injection of phenylephrine, suggested that intermittent severe mitral regurgitation contributed significantly to the recurrent episodes of acute left heart failure presented by this patient. PMID- 1125123 TI - A follow-up study of coronary heart disease in viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulphide. AB - In 1967 two cohorts of 343 men each were formed and matched with respect to age, district of birth, and similarity of work. One cohort comprised viscose rayon workers with at least five years' exposure to carbon disulphide during any period between 1942 and 1967, and the other cohort consisted of workers from a paper mill with no such exposure. The concentrations of carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide in the workroom air had been measured regularly since 1950, and about 4000 measurements were available. In all probability the concentrations had been very high in the 1940s, between 20 and 40 ppm in the 1950s, and about 10 to 30 ppm from 1960 onwards. On examination in 1967 it was confirmed that all of the relevant coronary risk factors had been kept under control. The only exception to this was blood pressure which was slightly higher among the exposed workers, a finding that was interpreted as a result of exposure rather than an independent risk factor. A five-year follow-up showed that 14 men had died from coronary heart disease (CHD) in the exposed group, against three in the control group (P smaller than 0:007). Other causes of death were evenly distributed. In addition, 11 nonfatal first infarctions had occurred in the exposed group as compared with four in the control group. On re-examination in 1972, nearly 25% of the exposed men, against 13% of the controls, had a history of angina (typical, probable, and possible) as measured by the World Health Organization questionnaire (P smaller than 0:0002). The prevalence proportions of typical angina were 12% and 5% respectively (P smaller than 0:001). As opposed to this, only slight differences were apparent for coronary ECGs. The higher degrees of prevalance in the exposed group may well have been attributable to chance. As in 1967/68, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were slightly higher in the exposed group (P smaller than 0:001 and P smaller than 0:01, respectively). The relative risk was 4-8 for fatal attacks, 3-7 for all infarctions, 2-8 for nonfatal infarctions, 2-2 for angina, and 1-4 for ECG findings indicative of CHD. This implies that with increasing severity and specificity of the manifestations the causal role of CS2 in developing CHD becomes more evident. Further, it is inferred that exposure to CS2 seems to worsen the prognosis of CHD in addition to increasing its incidence. Although the exposure data in this study may not be representative of the personal exposure of the workers, the conclusion is drawn that a great deal of justification exists for lowering the threshold limit value of 20 ppm recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. PMID- 1125124 TI - Thenar muscle blood flow and bone mineral in the forearms of lumberjacks. AB - Forty lumberjacks who had used a chain saw for 0-20 years and who had no general disease affecting the bones were studied by measuring the thenar muscle blood flow of both hands by the 133-Xe local clearance method. Bone mineral in the left forearm in the region of cancellous and cortical bone was assessed by the 241-Am gamma ray attenuation method. Virbration was found to decrease the blood flow in the saw-bearing left hand compared with the right hand of the lumberjacks. The bone mineral density (g/vm-3) was lower in the forearm bones of the lumberjacks than in controls of the same age with healthy bones. Moreover the poorer the thenar muscle blood flow, the greater was the decrease in the mineral density of the distal radius. Measurement of the mineral density of the forearm bones by the gramma ray attenuation method can be used for early detection of bone lesions in traumatic vasospastic disease. PMID- 1125125 TI - Prevalence of asbestos bodies in a necropsy series in East London: association with disease, occupation, and domiciliary address. AB - The prevalence of asbestos bodies was measured in lung sections in a necropsy series carried out at the London Hospital (1965-66) after exclusion of all known asbestos factory workers and cases of asbestosis and of mesothelioma. Associations were sought between the presence and number of asbestos bodies with the patients' sex, domiciliary address, occupation, industry, and diseases recorded at necropsy. Asbestos bodies were present in 42% of the 216 men in the series and in 30% of the 178 women. The number of bodies in the positive cases was small in comparison with the numbers seen typically in asbestosis; thus there were less than 6 asbestos bodies per 6-75 mm-3 lung tissue in 107 of the total 145 positive cases in contrast to 1 000 or more in asbestosis. In comparison with the overall series, an increased number of asbestos body positives was present in males with carcinoma of stomach and females with carcinoma of breast. In view of this finding lung sections were counted in further post-mortem examples of these carcinomas making a total of 50 males with carcinoma stomach and 82 females with carcinoma breast. Thirty-five positive cases were found in the carcinoma stomach group as against 22-7 expected and 38 in the carcinoma breast group against 26-35 expected. There was no excess of observed over expected asbestos body positives in 51 males with carcinoma of bronchus. There was an excess of asbestos body positives (60-9%) in heavy manual workers and in both heavy and light manual male workers in the shipping (61%), electrical and engineering (56%), and transport (54%) industries. The incidence in male clerical workers was 12-8%. The incidence of asbestos body positives according to home address was highest (53% in males, 45% in females) in patients living in the industrial and cockland area due east of the hospital. The incidence fell in the less industrial areas north-east of the hospital. Consideration of possible environmental sources of the inhaled asbestos suggests that in this survey occupation, industry, and comiciliary area all play a part. The comparatively minor intensity of asbestos pollution in our positive cases showed a positive association with carcinoma of stomach and breast, possibly playing a direct pathogenic role in carcinoma of stomach. No positive association was identified with any other neoplastic disease including carcinoma of bronchus. PMID- 1125126 TI - Effect of asbestos on lipid peroxidation in the red cells. AB - In vitro exposure of red cells to vie International Union against Cancer (UICC) standard reference asbestos samples resulted in an increase of thiobarbituric acid substances. Chrysotiles developed the largest amounts of lipid peroxides, followed by anthophyllite, amosite, and crocidolite in decreasing order. Compared with the control samples erythrocytes free of dusts, all types of the asbestos examined disclosed significant differences. The results obtained provide support for the cytotoxic potential of amosite and crocidolite and, on the other hand, suggest that a lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids may be involved in the mechanisms(s) of membrane-damaging effects of asbestos dusts. PMID- 1125127 TI - Effect of repeated exposure to aniline, nitrobenzene, and benzene on liver microsomal metabolism in the rat. AB - Exposure of rats to aniline at daily doses of 50 mg/kg of body weight over a month stimulated the microsomal metabolism as manifested by (1) acceleration of p hydroxylation of anilin and N-demethylation of aminopyrine in 9-000 times g postmitochondrial supernatant of the liver, (2) shortening the sleeping time after hexobarbital, and (3) reduction of the antipyretic effect of phenacetin. In the rats exposed to nitrobenzene in a similar manner to aniline, nitroreduction of nitrobenzene and p-hydroxylation of aniline remained unaffected; the antipyretic effect of phenacetin was decreased, whereas hexobarbital sleeping time remained unchanged. Exposure of rats to benzene (50 mg/kg of body weight daily for a month) had no effect on the rate of hydroxylation of benzene and N demethylation of aminopyrine. In benzene-exposed rats hexobarbital sleeping time was prolonged whereas the antipyretic effect of phenacetin was unaffected. Microsomal metabolism of aniline, nitrobenzene, and benzene was stimulated and inhibited when the rats were pretreated with phenobarbital and SKF 525-A, respectively. PMID- 1125128 TI - Haemolytic episode in G6 PD deficient workers exposed to TNT. AB - This is a report on three cases of acute haemolytic disease in glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient workers exposed to trinitroluene (TNT). The courses of the haemolytic crises have several features in common, the most striking being the onset of the disease within two to four days after the start of exposure, and the fact that this has been the first and so far the only haemolytic episode in their lives in spite of detailed medical records of past diseases, injuries, and medications during 12 to 16 years preceding the haemolytic crisis and five to nine years following the disease. The lowest haemoglobin levels for the three patients were 4-0, 6-8, and 8-2 g/dl respectively; haematocrit values were 17 and 24%; reticulocytes rose in case 1 to 26-2%, in case 2 to 26%, and in case 3 to 10%. Indirect bilirubinaemia was increased in two patients (5-1 and 2-6 mg/100 ml) and stercobilinogen was as high as 2150 mg/24 hr in one patient. The presence of the metabolite monoamino 2-6 dinitrotoluene was proved in the urine of case 3 and reached 21 gamma%. The possibility of a dose-response relationship is briefly discussed and the risk of exposing G6 PD individuals in chemical processes is mentioned. PMID- 1125129 TI - A clinical and radiographic study of coir workers. AB - Processing of coir, which is the fibre obtained from the husk of the coconut, is a dusty procedure; 779 workers in two coir processing factories in Sri Lanka were examined clincally and radiographically for evidence of respiratory disease. Respiratory symptoms were present in 20 (2-6%) of them, which is no higher than in the general population. Respiratory disease such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, byssinosis, and pulmonary tuberculosis which may occur from occupational exposures were considered, but there was no evidence to suggest a definite association between these conditions and coir dust. Twenty-two workers had abnormal chest radiographs, but when compared with a control group of 591 workers from an engineering firm where lesions were found in 20 cases, there was no significant difference. In the opinion of the medical officer, management and workers of the large factory investigated, coir dust does not produce any respiratory disability. The chemical composition of coir dust is similar to that of sisal which is also relatively inert. PMID- 1125130 TI - The medical school and smoking. AB - To examine the social environment of the medical school as it relates to smoking, tape-recorded interviews were conducted with 92 medical students at the University of Manchester. The medical school provides a social setting unfavourable to smoking for many students, but for some non-smokers and many smokers countervailing forces lead to an expansion of the habit during training. Increased opportunity, the influence of peers and social factors, together with environmental stress, tend to encourage smoking. The necessary information about smoking is provided and this influences some, but in general the medical school fails to establish a social climate in which smokers would feel more strongly motivated to give up. Although most students accept in theory that non smoking is part of the doctor's role, this idea is not consistently presented to them during the course. Furthermore, it is not always seen in practice to be adhered to by members of staff, their role models, thus enabling the student who smokes to deny the relevance of his personal behaviour to his future role. Nor is this ameliorated by the students' perception of policy in the medical school as one of, at most, mild disapproval. PMID- 1125131 TI - Editorial: Teacher training in medical schools. PMID- 1125132 TI - Effect of "attitudinal content" on formation of professional attitudes in medical students. AB - The findings of a previous paper by the authors published in the British Journal of Medical Education (1974, vol. 8, p. 13) are summarized. Its significance as a foundation for this report is developed. The nature of the attitudes under study, the methods and the analytical techniques employed in the analysis are discussed briefly. The proposition to be examined involves the effect of the attitudinal content as a predetermining factor in the formation of professional attitudes in medical students. The distribution of attitude scale scores for the three attitudes examined are reported tabularly for the faculty by career activity and specialty, and for students in their aspired-to career activity and specialty. The analysis conducted evaluates the relative importance of socialization, generational and self-selection factors in the development of professional attitudes in medical students, The findings indicate that generational effects are present with all three attitudes, that self-selection is operative in two, and socialization appears only to occur with regard to one of the attitudes. PMID- 1125133 TI - Use of a programmed reinforcement exercise in teaching of embryology. AB - In studying embryology, understanding of the initial complexities of cell division and patterns of prenatal growth demands ability in three-dimensional comprehension. A programmed reinforcement exercise (PRE) was designed to enable second year medical students to devote their complete attention to the explanatory component of lectures, to highlight salient features in lectures, and to improve the efficiency and active participation component of revision. The programmed reinforcement exercise was used in association with a concurrent programme in gross anatomy and its effectiveness was evaluated by a controlled trial in two consecutive lectures to 142 students. With the t-test and matched pair tabular analysis to assess results, students using the programmed reinforcement exercise achieved significantly higher scores in two 15-item multiple choice tests which were designed to appraise their short-term comprehension and data recall of lecture content. PMID- 1125134 TI - Effects of a short educational planning workshop on attitudes of three groups of medical educators. AB - A series of short (3 days) educational planning workshops was held in three African faculties of medicine. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of such a workshop on educational attitudes of teachers from three conservative traditional schools. An attitudes questionnaire given before and after the workshop allowed the participants to express opinions and feelings on a number of statements with a bipolar theme of teacher-orientation vs. student orientation. The results showed that using experiential learning methods in small groups with little or no didactic presentation, it was possible in a short time to change long-held educational views of diverse groups of medical educator. PMID- 1125135 TI - Medical sociology in Great Britain. AB - The paper reports on a survey into the present state of medical sociology in Great Britain, describing the developments which have occurred following upon the recommendations in the Todd Report on the teaching of behavioural sciences to undergraduates. Details of existing and proposed courses at each school are given; they reveal the wide variations which exist, in respect of precise specification of educational objectives, course content, affiliation and qualifications of teachers, teaching methods, and curricular time. However, most schools are consciously trying to incorporate this discipline into the syllabus at an early stage. At present several of the provincial schools have more experience of teaching medical sociology than do the London schools, but this difference may soon be lessened. In most cases the subject is taught in close association with social or community medicine, but connexions with psychology and psychiatry are often close. The prospects for this relatively untried subject are good, with new medical schools demonstrating new ways of applying sociology to medicine. PMID- 1125136 TI - Development and evaluation of teaching course in general practice. AB - The further development of a teaching course in general practice medicine for fifth year students at Glasgow University is described. Lessons learnt from a previous experimental course have been applied: eight afternoon sessions of a structured nature and related to prescribed objectives and a syllabus were given to small groups of students. Questionnaires showed that the in-depth study of selected patients in their own homes, with student involvement in the preparation of problem lists for group discussion were thought by the students to be valuable. An objective assessment of the course using the modified essay question technique showed an improvement in factual clinical knowledge (P less than 0.05) and more importantly in areas relating to the general practice content of the teaching (P less than 0.001). PMID- 1125137 TI - Postgraduate degree course in clinical biochemistry. AB - A report on the progress of the M.Sc. courses in clinical biochemistry run at the University of Surrey over the past 7 years is given. The previous experience and qualifications of the students and their careers subsequent to taking the course are analysed. A description of the course structure and syllabus is given. It is concluded that the course has been useful in attracting both science graduates and medical graduates of high calibre, in providing them with a sound laboratory based training in clinical biochemistry, and in stimulating their interest in following a career in clinical biochemistry and chemical pathology. PMID- 1125138 TI - Young psychiatrists. AB - Psychiatry is failing to recruit sufficient British graduates, reflecting a decline over the past 10 years in the proportion of medical students who are contemplating a career in psychiatry, and there are indications that the specialty is not getting its fair share of the best graduates. By a further analysis of the 1969 follow-up of a sample of the medical students surveyed by ASME in 1961 an attempt was made to compare the undergraduate record of trainee psychiatrists with doctors in other specialties. Interesting information on matters such as medical schools, work settings, and reading habits has emerged but the central question of the quality of psychiatrists remains unanswered. Further investigation, for example, medical students' attitudes to a career in psychiatry, is necessary as a preliminary to any recommendations to improve recruitment to the specialty. PMID- 1125139 TI - "Gestation sac" volumes as determined by sonar in the first trimester of pregnancy. AB - Sonar estimates of "gestation sac" volumes in the first trimester of pregnancy were made from a series of 319 measurements; the volumes estimated included the amniotic fluid, the extraembryonic coelom and the fetus. The technique employed involved the use of parallel section scans taken in series from one end of the gestation sac to the other, followed by planimetric measurements of the sac areas so produced. The potential errors which may be incurred in these measurements are discussed, and it is considered that the technique carries an overall possible error in the order of plus or minus 10 per cent. Growth curves produced from the measurements in this series show that the sac increases in volume from a mean of 1 ml. at 6 weeks to a mean of 100 ml. at 13 weeks, initially in an exponential fashion but latterly in a more linear manner. The mean values of the sonar gestation sac fluid volumes (after subtraction of the estimated fetal volume) in the 10 to 13 week range, show good correlation with those amniotic fluid values reported in the literature where direct measurements were made at the time of hysterotomy. As a method of assessing the maturity of a pregnancy this technique is of lesser value than the sonar measurement of fetal crown-rump length because of the relatively wider scatter of results. It has, however, found a useful place in clinical practice in the early sonar diagnosis of blighted ova or anembryonic pregnancies. PMID- 1125140 TI - Ultrasonic "B" scanning as a pregnancy test after less than six weeks amenorrhoea. AB - Sixty patients with less than six weeks amenorrhoea were examined by ultrasonic "B" scanning for the detection of pregnancy. The results were compared with those obtained by histological examination of the aspirate after the patient had undergone menstrual regulation by vacuum aspiration of the uterine contents. The overall accuracy was 79 per cent with 15 per cent false positives. The accuracy after 39 days amenorrhoea was 95 per cent. The technique was compared with an immunological pregnancy test. PMID- 1125141 TI - Continuous pethidine/diazepam infunsion during labour and its effects on the newborn. AB - This paper presents a study comparing the effects on the mother and baby of a continuous intravenous infusion of pethidine and diazepam and of intramuscular pethidine and promazine. It is concluded that the administration of intravenous pethidine and diazepam is safe in labour provided that diazepam has not been given during the previous week. PMID- 1125142 TI - Metabolism of prostaglandin F2alpha within the human uterus in early pregnancy. AB - The potential for intra-uterine metabolism of prostaglandins in early pregnancy was studied by incubation of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) with tissues obtained by termination hysterectomy at 7 and 16 weeks gestation. Enzymes regulating the degradation of prostaglandins were demonstrated in placenta and membranes and to a lesser extent, in myometrium and decidua. It is believed that these enzymes may have a physiological role in maintaining the continuity of pregnancy, and that the high degradation of PGF2a in placenta and membranes may be one of the reasons that, for termination of pregnancy, far higher doses are required intra amniotically than extra-amniotically. PMID- 1125143 TI - Morphological changes in maternal lymphocytes in pregnancy. AB - By use of staining with toluidine blue, the changes in the nucleoli of lymphocytes in 150 healthy women were studied. The patients were divided into five groups: non-pregnant women; women in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy; and women who were five days post partum. A progressive and statistically significant rise in the number of lymphocytes with micronucleoli was found during pregnancy and there was a fall after delivery. This increase was associated with a decrease in the incidence of ring-shaped nucleoli. There were no significant changes in the absolute number of lymphocytes and in "active" lymphocytes during pregnancy. PMID- 1125144 TI - The relationship of a "short period" to conception. AB - The case records were examined of 918 patients delivered in 1963 at a London hospital. Comparisons were made between 52 patients who had a "short period" following the presumed date of conception and 155 randomly selected control patients. Patients who had a "short period" showed a significantly higher rate for the induction of labour (p smaller than 0-025) and a lower infant birthweight (0-1 smaller than p smaller than 0-2). Calculation of the menstruation-delivery interval using the "short period" rather than the last full period, gave a closer approximation to the duration of pregnancy found in the random control series of 155 patients. PMID- 1125145 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in the menstrual cycle. AB - Blood sugar, serum insulin and growth hormone levels in response to 100 g. of oral glucose were studied under carefully controlled conditions on days 9, 18 and 27 of the menstrual cycle in 20 healthy women aged 18 to 20 years. The results indicate that blood sugar and serum insulin levels in response to oral glucose loading do not alter significantly in the menstrual cycle. Seven of the women had repeat studies on the same days three cycles later. No significant change in blood sugar or serum insulin levels occurred between cycles. The fasting growth hormone level was highest at the time of impending menstruation in 11 subjects (55 per cent) but the difference in mean values for the group as a whole was not statistically significant. It is concluded that the changes in endogenous hormone levels in a menstrual cycle do not produce significant alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in normal women in this age group. The reported divergence of blood glucose and insulin levels after oral glucose in the menstrual cycle may reflect the interaction of other factors such as age and parity on glucose tolerance. It is suggested that investigations into the metabolic effects of oral contraceptive steroids on these parameters should be performed in nulliparous women in a similar age range. PMID- 1125146 TI - Maternal cardiomyopathy of pregnancy causing stillbirth. AB - Cardiomyopathy of pregnancy developed in a healthy primigravida at 34 weeks gestation and was followed two weeks later by the spontaneous delivery of a fresh stillbirth. An immunological basis underlying both the mother's condition and the fetal death was suggested by the presence of myocardial antibodies in maternal and cord blood. Reference is made to two other cases in which a similar pathological process may have occurred. PMID- 1125147 TI - The uterine cervix from adolescence to the menopause. AB - During adolescence the physiological transformation zone of the cervix in the virgin undergoes limited change when compared to that of girls who are sexually promiscuous; the latter often show large areas of metaplastic squamous epithelium and the development of an atypical transformation zone. During pregnancy, particularly the first, the transformation zone increases in size and acquires increased amounts of squamous metaplastic epithelium, probably due to the effect of acidic vaginal fluid on endocervical columnar epithelium. Evidence exists for the development of an atypical transformation zone during pregnancy with its own variable neoplastic potential. After delivery the atypical epithelium of the cervix may be partly or completely removed with resulting regression of the lesion. Alternatively, neoplastic potential may alter or the lesion may remain static or recur in its previous form. After the childbearing era the physiological transformation zone undergoes minimal change until the menopause when the whole cervix shrinks. As the studies described above dramatically show, the sexually promiscuous woman at all ages has an increased risk of developing cervical neoplasia; this risk seems to be the highest in the third decade of life. PMID- 1125148 TI - Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia following the use of oxytocin in labour. AB - A prospective study of 1353 labours and the relevant newborn failed to reveal any significant difference between the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (defined as a level of 12 mg. or more per 100 ml.) following spontaneous labour, and after labour induced or accelerated by oxytocin. The incidence of unexplained neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia after spontaneous labour was 6-3 per cent. Following induced labour however there was a highly significant (P less than 0-001) association between the mean total dose of oxytocin used for induction and the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The proportion of babies who developed hyperbilirubinaemia increased in direct relation to the total dose of oxytocin used for the induction. In this series the incidence of hyperbilirubinaemia increased sharply when the total dose of oxytocin exceeded 20 units as it did hyperbilirubinaemia and birthweight, or duration of spontaneous labour. When labour was induced, however, the proportion on newborn babies with hyperbilirubinaemia increased with the duration of labour. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 1125149 TI - Serum cystine aminopeptidase and the normal weight baby in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy. AB - The levels of serum cystine aminopeptidase have been studied serially in normotensive and hypertensive mothers who delivered healthy, normal weight-for dates babies. A normal range, both for enzyme level and maximum and minimum rates of increase of the enzyme during gestation, was established for each group, those of the hypertensive patients exhibiting different characteristics from the curves in normotensive patients. It is suggested that such differences be considered when assessing pregnancies complicated by hypertension. PMID- 1125150 TI - Pregnancy in patients with coeliac disease. AB - Successful pregnancy can occur both before and after the diagnosis and treatment of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Abortion and intrauterine growth retardation are the main associated obstetric problems but their incidence may be reduced in the more severe cases by adherence to a strict gluten-free diet and dietary supplements. The present report concerns 60 pregnancies in 25 patients with coeliac disease. PMID- 1125151 TI - Serum lipids in pregnancy and socio-economic status. AB - Serum total and free cholesterol, phospholipids and erythrocyte free cholesterol levels were determined at four-weekly intervals from the first trimester until term in pregnant Nigerian women from three different socio-economic levels. The results showed a similar pattern of serum lipids in all three groups with a similar percentage increase at the peak levels. Serum phospholipids and total cholesterol levels were not significantly increased after the second trimester in contrast to report of a progressive hyperlipaemia in pregnant women of Western countries. Erythrocyte free cholesterol levels showed a mirror image of those of serum free cholesterol. PMID- 1125152 TI - The prognostic value of human placental lactogen (HPL) levels in threatened abortion. AB - The value of a single HPL estimation in serum was assessed in 337 patients with a threatened abortion between 7 and 27 weeks gestation. Serial assays were subsequently performed on 75 of these. A scheme is proposed whereby an HPL result can be given a "favourable", "equivocal" or "unfavourable" prognosis according to its level. Using this scheme a correct prognosis was obtained in 86 per cent of cases between 9 and 19 weeks gestation while an incorrect prognosis was obtained in 3 per cent of cases. There appeared to be little prognostic value after 19 weeks gestation though prior to 9 weeks the results were sufficiently promising to suggest that a more sensitive assay would be useful. PMID- 1125153 TI - A review of 700 hysterotomies. AB - We studied 700 hysterotomies carried out in Aberdeen between 1968 and 1972. The morbidity and mortality indicate that the operation is now outdated as a method of terminating pregnancy. A study of referral practice showed that there were many unneccessary delays. PMID- 1125154 TI - Electroencephalographic changes after intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha and hypertonic saline. AB - Six major convulsions have been seen among 555 patients who had therapeutic second trimester abortion by intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). Five of 21 patients receiving intra-amniotic hypertonic saline and 5 of 16 patients receiving PGF2alpha showed abnormalities in electroencephalograms after treatment. These changes were relatively minor in all saline patients and in three receiving PGF2alpha, but two patients receiving PGF2alpha showed epileptiform spike activity after infusion. There was no correlation between the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and peripheral venous levels of PGF2alpha or its metabolite, 13, 14 dihydro-15 keto PGF2alpha (15 keto-h2-f2alpha). PMID- 1125155 TI - Operative culdoscopy. AB - A study of 257 operative culdoscopies done without general anaesthesia is presented and the advantages and limitations of the technique are detailed. PMID- 1125156 TI - The investigation of ovarian function by measurement of urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion. AB - Urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion was measued daily ("daily monitoring") for a complete cycle in 20 normally menstruating women, in one patient with an anovulatory cycle and for 28 days in a patient with secondary amenorrhoea. The measurements were also performed on urine specimens collected at weekly intervals for 4 to 6 weeks ("weekly tracking") from 506 patients with evidence of abnormal ovarian function. These included 9 patients with primary amenorrhoea, 132 patients with secondary amenorrheoa, 138 patients with oligomenorrhoea and 227 patients with evidence of ovarian dysfunction and cycle lengths of 25 to 42 days. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. In the normal cycles, ovulation could be identified on the criteria of a rising pregnanediol value reaching or exceeding 2-0 mg. per 24 hours for a period of 7 days or more. Valid conclusions on the overall mean oestrogen and pregnanediol values for a complete cycle could be made from the results of weekly tracking, irrespective of which day the tracking commenced. Correlations were obtained by comparing the mean and maximum urinary oestrogen values and the variability of the values with the evidence of ovarian function indicated by the clinical classifications of the patients, the duration of the disorders and the subsequent occurrence of uterine bleeding. Mean oestrogen values of 10 mug. per 24 hours or less were associated with lack of ovarian function. For values higher than this a discriminant function based on both the mean oestrogen value and the variability of the oestrogen values was useful in predicting onset of spontaneous menstruation. A single urine specimen collected 4 to 8 days before onset of menstruation showing a raised pregnanediol value of 2-0 mg. per 24 hours or more provided a valid test for ovulation in women with regular cycles, and a single urine specimen giving an oestrogen value of 10 mug per 24 hours or less gave a valid indication of absent ovarian function in women with amenorrhoea for two years or more. In all other circumstances serial sampling at weekly intervals provided a valid assessment of ovarian activity. Application of these principles allows the greatest amount of information on ovarian function to be obtained with the greatest economy of effort. PMID- 1125157 TI - The resistant ovary syndrome. AB - A patient is described with primary amenorrhoea, raised FSH and LH levels and ovaries containing many primary follicles. These features were characteristic of the "resistant ovary syndrome". After ovarian wedge resection the patient began to menstruate. PMID- 1125158 TI - Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels in pregnancy: a case report and a discussion of the value of CPK levels in the prediction of possible malignant hyperpyrexia. AB - Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels during two consecutive pregnacies of a patient whose sister had died of malignant hyperpyrexia have been investigated. The results are compared with CPK levels of serum obtained from apparently normal people at similar stages of pregnancy. The rise of serum CPK occurring as a result of labour was much more pronounced in the malignant hyperpyrexia suspect. PMID- 1125159 TI - Intracranial complications of transorbital stab wounds. AB - Oscular and orbital injuries due to stab wounds may mask underlying serious intracranial damage. The correct clinical assessment and treatment of such cases require the attention of a team comprising a neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, and plastic surgeon. PMID- 1125160 TI - Euryblepharon. AB - The rare congenital anomaly of euryblepharon is reported in a male infant. It is suggested that euryblepharon is due to congenital hypoplasia or absence of the palpebral and lacrimal portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle. PMID- 1125161 TI - Neurilemmoma of the oculomotor nerve. AB - A case is presented of neurilemmoma of the left oculomotor nerve occurring in a 64-year-old hypertensive woman. The incipient tumour produced ptosis, limited inwards rotation of the eyeball, and persistent pupillary dilatation on the left side. The mechanism of this process is discussed, having regard to the interruption of the fibres innervating these structures by the tumour, and considering the mode of occurrence of the ocular and pupillary impairments. The patient also had generalized athero-sclerosis and fusiform aneurysm of the terminal part of the left internal carotid artery. The symptoms of headache, seizure, coma, and temporary right hemiparesis were considered as manifestations of hypertensive encephalopathy unrelated to the tumour. PMID- 1125162 TI - Sterilizable fibre optic transilluminator. PMID- 1125163 TI - The effect of growth hormone on calcium metabolism in the sheep. AB - 1. The effect of subcutaneous administration of bovine growth hormone on calcium metabolism of nearly mature wether sheep has been studied by a combination of a radioactive technique and a nutrient balance technique. 2. Administration of growth hormone resulted in a significant increase in the rates of absorption of Ca, accretion of Ca into bone, resorption of Ca from bone and skeletal retention of Ca, and also in the sizes of the exchangeable Ca pools. 3. Retention of phosphorus was also significantly increased. 4. These changes suggest that the effect of growth hormone was to alter the Ca metabolism of nearly mature wethers to resemble that of younger, more actively growing animals. 5. Results are consistent with the theory that oestrogens may alter Ca metabolism of wethers by increasing growth hormone production. PMID- 1125164 TI - Ascorbic acid and long-term anticonvulsant therapy in children. AB - 1. Forty-eight children, who were long-term hospital patients, were investigated to assess their leucocyte ascorbic acid status. 2. Twenty-nine children had been receiving long-term anticonvulsants therapy, and these children did not have a significantly lower level of ascorbic acid than the untreated group, which did not have epilepsy. 3. The ascorbic levels of all subjects were low and seventeen had levels between 7-3 and 16-o mug/10-8 white blood cells. PMID- 1125165 TI - Occurrence and conversion of anhydrolutein into dehydroretinol in a freshwater fish. AB - 1. Lutein and anhydrolutein have been isolated from liver oils of freshly caught Saccobranchus fossilis. 2. S. fossilis initially contained more dehydroretinol than retinol; administration of anhydrolutein to the vitamin A-depleted fish resulted in the accumulation of dehydroretinol. 3. Anhydrolutein has also been isolated from the liver oils of lutein-treated, vitamin A-depleted fish. 4. The pathway of the conversion of lutein into dehydroretinol is discussed. PMID- 1125166 TI - The absorption of iron, with or without supplements of single amino acids and of ascorbic acid, in healthy and Fe-deficient children. AB - 1. Studies were done on the effect of ascorbic acid and five amino acids (histidine, cystine, cysteine, valine and glutamic acid) on intestinal iron absorption in a group of ninety Egyptian infants and young children, of which fifty-seven were healthy controls and thirty-three were suffering from Fe deficiency anaemia. 2. Supplements tested promoted Fe absorption in healthy controls in the following order: valine larger than histidine larger than ascorbic acid. Cysteine, glutamic acid and cystine were found to have no significant effect. 3. Supplementation with valine, ascorbic acid and histidine also increased intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic subjects, but to a lesser extent than in controls. 4. Supplementation of haematinic therapy with these compounds is recommended. Their use is also suggested to improve the availability of the Fe content of everday diets. PMID- 1125167 TI - An abnormality of the bone marrow associated with vitamin E deficiency in sheep. AB - 1. Sheep fed on a maintenance ration of wheaten-hay chaff or of wheaten-hay chaff lucerne-hay chaff (I : I, W/W) became deficient or incipiently deficient in vitamin E. 2. Degenerative changes were observed in bone marrow and muscle, and liver function was imparied in some animals. These abnormalities were not influenced by the vitamin B12 status of the animals or by a shortage of cobalt in the rumen. 3. Plasma ascorbic acid levels may not have been optimum, and folic may not have been fully utilized by some sheep. 4. Liver function responded faily rapidly to alpha-tocopheryl acetate, but skeletal muscle had not returned to normal after 28 weeks of treatment. A variable trend towards normal cellularity was found in bone marrow following supplementation with alpha-tocopheryl acetate. 5. A secondary deficiency or, alternatively, inefficient excretion or metabolism of a toxic material, may occur in vitamin E deficiency as a result of degenerative changes in the absorptive or excretory areas of the intestinal tract and be responsible for the bone marrow abnormality. PMID- 1125168 TI - Effect of different regimens of early malnutrition on behavioural development and adult avoidance learning in Swiss white mice. AB - 1. The effects of perinatal malnutrition on behavioural development and adult shuttle-box avoidance performance were studied in Swiss white mice. 2. Mice were malnourished (a) from the 7th day of gestation until birth, (b) from birth until weaning, or (c) during both gestation and the sucking period. 3. Pups born of protein-restricted mothers had reduced birth weights, retarded development and poor adult avoidance performance, even if reared from birth by well-nourished mothers. 4. Postnatal malnutrition, induced either by restricting maternal diet or by rearing in large litters, retarded development during the second half of lactation and lowered subsequent adult avoidance performance. PMID- 1125169 TI - Effects of ingestion of organic selenium in adapted and non-adapted rats. AB - 1. Rats were given moderate-selenium (4-5 mg/kg) or low-Se (0-5 mg/kg) diets during gestation and lactation. Their young were given diets with high (10 mg/kg), moderate or low Se contents from weaning, and groups of rats were killed at intervals during the 14-week experimental peroid. 2. Compared with young rats which received the low-Se diet, those which received the moderate- or high-Se diets had a high incidence of liver lesions and there were changes in liver Se content, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, prothrombin activity, fibrinogen content, spleen weight, body water and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminas (L-aspartate : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.1 and L-alanine : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.2 respectively) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activities. In those rats which received the high-Se diet the changes were more pronounced than in those which received the moderate-Se diet. 3. In young rats from dams given moderate-Se diets, which were themselves given the moderate-Se diet, the liver Se content decreased continuously, whereas rats given the same diet but from dams which had received the low-Se diet, the liver Se content increased continuously. There was a slight improvement of symptoms of Se toxicity in all groups by the 5th week of the experimental peroid. 4. The results suggest that there was an adaptation to chronic Se intake. PMID- 1125170 TI - Effects of live weight and energy intake on nitrogen balance and total N requirement of lambs. AB - 1. Results of 298 nitrogen balance studies from experiments with male cross-bred lambs, ranging in weight from 3 to 38 kg, which had been either fasted, or fed entirely on liqid diets of varying protein content at various energy intakes up to ad lib. intake, were used to quantitatively describe the effects of the amount and quality of absorbed protein, energy intake and live weight on N balance and total N requirement of lambs. 2. When N intake was less than the amount required, N balance was independent of energy intake, but linearly related to absorbed N and metabolic body-weight (live weight-O-75). In the fitted relationship, the coefficient of absorbed N was shown to be an estimate of the biological value of absorbed protein and the coefficient of metabolic body-weight was an estimate of the loss of endogenous N in both urine and faeces. For the milk-based diets used in the experiment biological value was 0-72 and the total endogenous N loss in urine and faeces was 148 mg N/kg per d. 3. When N intake was in excess of the amount required, N balance in lambs of a constant live weight increased linearly with metabolizable energy (ME) intake, at a rate that decreased with increasing live weight. Similarly at constant ME intake, N balance was a curvilinear decreasing function of metabolic body-weight, it was constant for lambs of all weights when ME intake was about 0-23 MJ/kg-0-75 per d, but it decreased linearly with increasing metabolic body-weight for ME intakes above this level. 4. N balance of fasted lambs was several times less than predicted by either of the relationships established for fed animals, and was found to be linearly related to metabolic body-weight. 5. The effects of energy intake and live weight on the total N requirement of lambs were determined. When total N requirement was expressed per unit of energy intake, it was found to be constant at 0-9 g N/MJ ME for all lambs irrespective of live weight when ME intake was 0-23 MJ/kg-0-75 per d. However, as ME intake/unit metabolic body-weight was raised above this level, N requirement/unit ME intake increased for lambs weighing less than c. 23 kg, but decreased for heavier animals. PMID- 1125171 TI - Vitamin B12 nutrition and metabolism in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus). AB - 1. Measurement of the vitamin B12 content of baboon tissues showed that the liver contained the highest concentration, followed by the pituitary, kidney, heart, spleen and pancreas. 2. The dietary vitamin B12 requirement of the baboon for the maintenance of satisfactory body stores was between 1 and 2 mug/d. 3. Satisfactory liver vitamin B12 stores were invariably associated with serum levels above 125 pg/ml, whereas liver levels were usually low when the serum level was below 50 pg/ml. 4. Increased methylmalonic acid (MMA) excretion after a valine load occurred when the liver vitamin B12 level was less than 0-40 mug/g. L and DL-valine were approximately equally effective as precursors of MMA, whereas sodium propionate, whether given orally or intraperitoneally, was less effective. 5. The distribution of radioactivity along the wall of the intestinal tract after an oral dose of [57-Co]cyanocobalamin suggested that the distal half of the small intestine was the main site of vitamin B12 absorption. However, the utilization of vitamin B12 put direct into the middle part of the small intestine was much lower than that of an oral dose. 6. The unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity of baboon serum was not related to the serum vitamin B12 level. There was a significant difference between the unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacities of the two subspecies of baboon (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus and P. cynocephalus anubis) studied. PMID- 1125172 TI - Metabolism of propionate in the tissues of the sheep gut. AB - 1. The extent of propionate metabolism during absorption from the gut and the amounts of L-lactate formed and glucose utilized by the portal-drained viscera were determined in conscious sheep from measurements of portal venous blood flow and portal venous and aortic metabolite concentrations. The sheep were fasted overnight and given primed continuous intraruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) at two rates, supplying propionate at 40.0 and 79.9 mmol/h. Measurements were made during the 5th and 6th hours of the infusion, when rumen liquor VFA concentrations were constant. 2. The rate of L-lactate formation by the portal-drained viscera was not affected by the VFA infusions and accounted for approximately 15% of the probably total lactate entry rate. 3. Considerable amounts of glucose were taken up by the portal-drained viscera, amounting to approximately 35% of the probable glucose entry rate. If this glucose was metabolized through the glycolytic pathway, this would at all times have accounted for the amounts of L-lactate formed. 4. Portal venous blood flow was positively correlated with VFA infusion rates and with the net amount of propionate appearing in the portal blood. 5. It is concluded that although propionate may be metabolized by the rumen epithelium, the unique pathway of L lactate formation from propionate is of limited quantitative significance to the animal, although it may be of importance to the rumen epithelium itself. PMID- 1125173 TI - The influence of essential fatty acids and food restriction on the specific activities of hepatic lipogenic and glutamate-metabolizing enzymes in the laying hen. AB - 1. Extended feeding of an essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient diet to laying hens increased liver size and liver lipid concentration. 2. The specific activities of hepatic lipogenic and glutamate-metabolizing enzymes were increased by feeding the EFA-deficient diet. 3. Restriction of daily food intake to 75% of ad lib. intake did not affect the response to dietary fat concentration. 4. Hepatic enzyme activities in hens fed on restricted amounts of food and killed just before, or after, the normal daily feeding time indicated no reduced capacity for lipogenesis at the earlier time. PMID- 1125174 TI - Productive and unproductive lysozyme-chitosaccharide complexes. Equilibrium measurements. AB - A method to determine both productive and unproductive lysozyme-chitosaccharide complexes has previously not been available. The method described in this paper uses a dye, Biebrich Scarlet, which forms a 1:1 complex with only part of the substrate binding site. Complex formation perturbs the spectrum of the compound and thus its dissociation constant can be determined (K-D equals 0.13 mM). The dissociation constants for three major enzyme-chitooligosaccharide complexes have also been determined: (1) chitooligosaccharides that bind only to sites A-C of lysozyme perturb the spectrum of the Biebrich Scarlet-lysozyme complex, without affecting the dissociation constant of the dye (K-u equals 0.01 mM); (2) chitooligosaccharides that interact with sites D-F displace the dye (K-S' equals 5-15 mM); (3) chitohexose forms a complex which involves the whole binding site and, therefore, also displaces Biebrich Scarlet. This complex, with a dissociation constant K-S equals 0.03 mM, is considered to be the productive one. The binding mechanism proposed on the basis of the results in this paper differs significantly from those considered previously. PMID- 1125175 TI - Molecular dynamics and structure of the random coil and helical states of the collagen peptide, alpha 1-CB2, as determined by 13C magnetic resonance. AB - Carbon-13 chemical shifts, spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times, and 13C-[1H] nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE) have been determined for the random coil and triple helical states of the alpha 1-CB2 fragment of rat skin collagen. Assignment of all aliphatic resonances of this 36 residue peptide in the random coil state (30 degrees) has been achieved with the aid of model polypeptides containing pyrrolidine residues. The chemical shifts and intensities of the Pro and Hyp C-gamma resonances show that (see article) 90% of the X-Pro and X-Hyp bonds are trans in both helix and coil conformations. From T1 measurements rotational correlation times (tau-eff) of ca. 0.45 nsec are calculated for interior C-alpha carbons in the coil, while taueff values of the side chain and near terminal carbons are found to be 2-9 times smaller. These results along with the narrow natural line widths (3-5 Hz) and maximal NOE values (2.8 plus or minus 0.3) demonstrate the high degree of backbone mobility, due to segmental motion, in the unordered state of the peptide. By contrast, the broad lines (50-90 Hz) and small NOE values (1.3 plus or minus 0.3) for the alpha carbons in the helical state (2 degrees) suggest much slower motion. The line widths and NOE values together with the C-alpha T1 values (0.025-0.040 sec) correspond to correlation times which are in reasonable agreement with those calculated for an axially symmetric rigid ellipsoid, undergoing rotational diffusion, having dimensions approximating those of a collagen-type triple helical aggregate of three alpha 1-CB2 chains. A satisfactory computer simulation of the experimental 2 degrees spectrum is obtained by assigning the narrow aliphatic resonances in the spectrum (line widths 5-40 Hz) to (a) carbons in the small amounts of alpha 1-CB2 (3 mol %) and alpha 1-CB1 (2.5 mol %) random coil conformations, (b) carbons in the flexible terminal triplets of the helix, and (c) Ala, Leu, and Phe methyl and phenyl carbons. The side chain carbon line widths obtained from the simulation--when compared with side chain line widths calculated for a rotating rigid ellipsoid with internal motion--indicate rapid axial reorientation of methyl and phenyl groups. With the exception of the Hyp residue the line widths suggest local motion for at least some carbons in most other side chain moieties. The Hyp C-beta and C-gamma line widths indicate the presence of little if any rapid Hyp ring motion. PMID- 1125176 TI - Reconstitution of chromatin: mode of reassociation of chromosomal proteins. AB - The mode of reassociation of Ehrlich ascites histones and non-histone proteins during chromatin reconstitution was studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis. In the procedure of Bekhor et al. (I. Bekhor, G. M. Kung, and J. Bonner, (1969), J. Mol. Biol. 39, 351) most of histones and non histone proteins reassociate with DNA in the last dialysis step of the dissociated chromatin, that is the dialysis of the chromatin in 0.4 M NaCl-5 M urea against a dilute buffer. The reassociation of histones and non-histone proteins with DNA is more gradual in the procedure of L. Kleiman and R.-C. C. Huang [(1972), J. Mol. Biol. 64, 1]. However, in both procedures the bulk of the Ehrlich ascites non-histone proteins reassociate with DNA after the binding of histones to DNA. There are small amounts of non-histone proteins which reassociate with DNA before and at the same time as histones reassociate with DNA. PMID- 1125177 TI - Chemical modifications of functional residues of fd gene 5 DNA-binding protein. AB - The binding of gene 5 protein from bacteriophage fd to poly[d(A-T)], fdDNA, and poly(A) is accompanied by a dramatic reversal in the signs of the large ellipticity bands of the nucleic acid chromophores from 250 to 290 nm. The change in the circular dichroism of the DNA induced by the protein, which reaches a maximum at a protein to nucleotide molar ratio of 1:4, has been used as an assay of the alterations in binding of gene 5 protein to DNA accompanying changes in the ionic environment and subsequent to chemical modification of the protein. Divalent cations completely dissociate the gene 5 protein-fd DNA complex at 0.1 M, while 0.5 M monovalent cations are required. All cations are more effective in dissociating the complex with poly[d(A-T)] commensurate with the accompanying stabilization of the double helix to which gene 5 protein does not bind. Acetylation of all six lysyl residues and three of the five tyrosyl residues of the protein with N-acetylimidazole prevents complex formation. Removal of the three tyrosyl O-acetyl groups with hydroxylamine does not restore the binding of gene 5 protein to DNA. Tetranitromethane nitrates the same three tyrosyl residues (Tyr-26, Tyr-41, and Tyr-56 as determined by peptide mapping) and reduces the binding affinity of the protein for fd DNA by similar to 100-fold. The 19F NMR spectrum of gene 5 protein labeled with m-fluorotyrosine shows three surface and two buried fluorotyrosyl residues. All tyrosyl residues are protected from nitration in the complex with fd DNA, but acetylimidazole acetylates surface lysyl residues in the complex and dissociates it. The intrinsic circular dichroism of the acetylated and nitrated gene 5 proteins is not significantly altered. In contrast maleic anhydride reacts with the seven amino groups of the protein and changes the secondary structure to one similar to that present in 6 M guanidine-HCl. The single SH group of the native protein does not react with Ellman's reagent, but it reacts rapidly with one Hg2+ ion which unfolds the protein; fd DNA prevents reaction with Hg2+. Electrostatic forces may be as important as hydrogen bonding in maintaining the native structure of this protein. The lysyl groups of the protein, exposed in both the free protein and the DNA complex, appear to be of prime importance in DNA binding, probably through electrostatic interactions with the DNA binding, probably through electrostatic interactions with the DNA phosphate groups. Three tyrosyl residues also contribute to binding affinity through hydrogen bonding or intercalation. A model of gene 5 protein structure in relation to interactions with a tetranucleotide is presented. PMID- 1125178 TI - The Bombyx mori silk proteins: characterization of large polypeptides. AB - Proteins taken directly from the Bombyx mori silk gland have been separated and identified as either fibroin or sericin on the basis of their location within the gland and their amino acid composition. Molecular weights of these polypeptides have been determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by agarose-guanidine chromatography. Fibroin consists of approximately equimolar amounts of two large (350,000) polypeptide chains. These may be the products of distinct fibroin alleles present in hybrid silkworm strains. Sericin, on the other hand, is composed of at least the three largest polypeptides (130,000-220,000) present in a mixture of proteins ranging in size from about 20,000 to 220,000. PMID- 1125179 TI - Isolation, characterization, and amino acid sequence of melanotropins from camel pituitary glands. AB - The isolation of two beta-melanotropins and two alpha-melanotropins from camel pituitary glands has been described, and their amino acid sequences have been determined. Two of them are identified as alpha-melanotropin and deacetylated alpha-melanotropin. There are also two beta-melanotropins whose structures are identical with the bovine hormone except that one has glycine in position 2 and the other glycine in position 2 as well as glutamine in position 8. The melanocyte-stimulating and lipolytic activities of these four camel melanotropins have been investigated by in vitro assay procedures. PMID- 1125180 TI - Total synthesis of camel beta-melanotropin by the solid-phase method. PMID- 1125181 TI - Acetylation of nascent polypeptide chains on rat liver polyribosomes in vivo and in vitro. AB - Rat liver polyribosomes may be acetylated in vivo utilizing [3-H]acetate as precursor and in vitro with [14-C]acetyl-CoA. The in vitro acetylation occurs almost completely in the amino terminal position while the in vivo acetylation (after correction for isotopic exchange and incorporation of tritium into nonacetyl positions of amino acids) was distributed equally between the amino terminal groups of a number of amino acids and the epsilon-amino groups of internal lysine residues. At least 50% of the labeled acetyl groups introduced in vivo as well as in vitro could be removed from polysomes as puromycin polypeptides or -peptidyl-tRNA. The acetylated polypeptides have been resolved by gel filtration into two components, one with an average molecular weight of 20,000 and the other of 4000-7000. The results presented indicate that the N terminal acetylation of nascent growing polypeptides is a post initiation event that occurs on small peptides (40-70 amino acid residues) and depends on the presence of a polysome-bound acetyltransferase which differs from other cytoplasmic acetyltransferases which catalyze predominately the acetylation of internal amino groups of proteins. PMID- 1125182 TI - Circular dichroism changes in galactosyltransferase upon substrate binding;. AB - Circular dichroism studies with the galactosyltransferase isolated from bovine skim milk are described. Addition of UDP-galactose to the galactosyltransferase Mn-2+ complex causes a decrease in the negative mean residue ellipticity in the 205-220-nm range and positive increases in the 265- and 275-290-nm ellipticity. These date are consistent with the view that a conformation change involving aromatic amino acid residues occurs upon the binding of UDP-galactose to the galactosyltransferase-Mn-2+ complex. No effects in the near-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum were observed upon the addition of UDP or glucose to the galactosyltransferase-Mn-2+ complex. PMID- 1125183 TI - Purification and characterization of adrenodoxin reductase from bovine adrenal cortex. AB - NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase from steer adrenal cortex mitochrondria has been purified to homogeneity (on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex, and hydroxylapatite. A molecular weight of 51,500 was determined from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, while sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation gave a value of 49,500. All of the flavine present was identified as FAD; 1 mol/52,000 g of protein. The reductase contained 1.7% carbohydrate (using glucose as standard) by weight. Homogeneous adrenodoxin reductase exhibited a typical oxidized flavoprotein absorbance spectrum, with maxima at 270, 376, and 450 nm, and gave an absorbance ratio A450/A270 of 0.122 0.128 (depending on the preparation). Reduction of the flavoprotein with NADPH or dithionite gave progressive bleaching of the 450-nm peak. The reductase was absolutely required, in the presence of adrenodoxin, for electron transfer from NADPH to cytochrome c or to particulate cytochrome P450. Adrenodoxin refuctase is obligatory for reconstitution of 11beta-hydroxylation activity using deoxycorticosterone as substrate, and for the side-chain cleavage of 20alpha hydroxycholesterol or cholesterol. The specific activity of the homogeneous preparation in cytochrome c reduction is at least 17,000 nmol min-1 mg of protein 1, corresponding to a turnover number of 850 min-1. No evidence for the existence of multiple forms or subunits was obtained. PMID- 1125184 TI - A pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase from rat liver. AB - A pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase has been purified 2100-fold from rat liver. With ATP and dATP as phosphate donors the kinase uses CMP, dCMP, and UMP as phosphate acceptors. Ara-CMP is also phosphorylated by the kinase. In contrast to dCMP and UMP, CMP can be phosphorylated by dCTP. CTP and ara-CTP cannot substitute for dCTP. The stringent specificity of the phosphate donor site for ATP and dATP is lost when CMP serves as acceptor. All nucleoside triphosphates act as donors to a significant extent. No evidence has been found to suggest more than one enzyme. All activities, to different degrees, are strictly dependent upon preincubation at 37 degrees with a sulfhydryl reducing agent. Various reagents (85 mM) are ranked in order of increasing effectiveness of reactivation as follows: dithiothretiol greater than glutathione larger than or equal to 2 mercaptoethanol greater than L-cysteine greater than DL-alpha-lipoic acid. A NADP+-dependent thioredoxin (17 muM)-thioredoxin reductase system from Novikoff ascites rat tumor was found to be the most powerful reducing agent tested. CTP, dCTP, UTP, and dTTP (1 mM) do not affect the kinase activity regardless of the phosphate acceptor. PMID- 1125185 TI - Chloride flux in bilayer membranes: the electrically silent chloride flux in semispherical bilayers. AB - High resistance semispherical bilayer membranes of areas as large as 0.3 cm-2 were formed from a decane solution of synthetic diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine. These bilayers had a specific resistance of about 10-9 omega cm-2 and a specific capacitance of 0.38 mu F cm- minus 2 at 20 degrees in 0.1 M KCL. Under these conditions, chloride permeability was 6.8 times 10- minus 8 cm/sec. This electrically silen 36-Cl flux was found to be about 10-3-fold larger than the chloride current calculated from the electrical parameters of the system. The chloride flux in the bilayer was independent of the applied electrical field and was unaltered by addition of reducing agents to the ambient aqueous solutions. It was, however, substantially reduced when NO3 minus was substituted for Cl minus on the side of the bilayer initially free of 36-Cl, or if I minus was added to the aquesous phases in the concentration range of 0.001-0.1 M. These results strongly suggested that the electrically silent flux of 36-Cl is primarily a carrier mediated diffusion process in which phosphatidylcholine acts as the carrier species. PMID- 1125186 TI - Laser Raman spectroscopy as a mechanistic probe of the phosphate transfer from adenosine triphosphate in a model system. AB - Laser Raman spectroscopy has been used to study a phosphate transfer reaction from ATP to Pi or arsenate in dimethyl sulfoxide. The spectra support a mechanism involving Mg-2+ binding to the alpha or beta phosphates of ATP leaving the third phosphate free for the transfer reaction. The data also indicate the formation of a relatively stable intermediate which is facilitated by the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and a dicarboxylic acid (maleate). The intermediate has a Raman spectrum with a band at 1090.5 cm- minus 1 similar to the end product ADP, but is formed much more rapidly. Since the model reaction has many features in common (e.g., activation by maleate) with the transfer reactions catalyzed by coupling factors from spinach chloroplast, Raman spectroscopy may also prove to be a useful tool in the elucidation of biological energy transfer reactions. PMID- 1125187 TI - 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl oligo-gamma-L-glutamates: synthesis and kinetic studies with methionine synthetase from bovine brain. AB - The synthesis of 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroly tri-, pena-, and heptaglutamate has been accomplished by reductive methylation of the tetrahydropteroyl oligoglutamate with formaldehyde, followed by purification on DEAE-Sephadex. The corresponding [5-14-C]methyltetrahydropteroyl oligoglutamates were prepared from 14-CH-2-0, and tested as substrates for methionine synthetase (EC 2.1.1.13) ISOLATED FROM BOVINE BRAIN. In all cases, the polyglutamate conjugates were better substrates (lower Km, higher Vmax) than the corresponding monoglutamate forms. In addition, the nonradioactive methyltetrahydropteroyl oligoglutamates inhibited the methylation of homocysteine by methyltetrahydrofolate. This indicates that the monoglutamate and polyglutamates compete for the same enzyme, and established a role for the ubiquitous methyltetrahydropteroyl oligoglutamates in mammalian methionine biosynthesis. PMID- 1125188 TI - A light scattering investigation of the propylurea dissociation of human hemoglobin A. AB - The subunit dissociation of human hemoglobin A by propylurea in several liganded and chemically modified states was investigated by light scattering molecular weight methods. The dissociation data were analyzed by means of the equation developed in our earlier studies: deltaF degrees D EQUALS TO DELTAF degrees D, W 2N'RTKB[D], where deltaF degrees D and deltaf degreees D,W represent the free energy of dissociation of hemoglobin tetramers into half-molecules consisting of alpha beta dimers in the presence and in the absence of propylurea, KB is the binding constant of the urea to the average peptide unit, [D] is its concentration, and N' is the number of amino acid sites exposed per half-molecule on dissociation. It is found that the dissociation of oxyhemoglobin, cyanmethemoglobin, and N-ethylmaleimide oxyhemoglobin is characterized by essentially the same N' value of 15 to 21 plus or minus 3, that are close to the 19 amino acid residues per surface which comprise the smaller alpha beta contact area, seen in the X-ray crystallographic model of horse hemoglobin of Perutz and coworkers. Due to the very low degree of dissociation of deoxyhemoglobin, only a very approximate estimate of N' of about the same order of magnitude could be obtained for this form of the protein. In contrast, a significantly lower value of N' was obtained with bis(maleimidomethyl) ether modified oxyhemoglobin of 8 plus or minus 3, that is cross-linked at cysteine residue F9 (93)beta and histidine residue FG4 (97) beta in the same beta chains. Our results suggest that alterations caused by the presence of the cross-linking reagent reflect both the loss in amino acid residues that can interact with the urea at the blocked segments of the polypeptide chains in the dissociated state of hemoglobin and the changes in accessibility of some of the amino acid residues perturbed by the introduction of the reagent in the parent tetrameric form. PMID- 1125189 TI - Purification of an apparent rat liver prothrombin precursor: characterization and comparison to normal rat prothrombin. AB - Current evidence would suggest that prothrombin is synthesized from a liver precursor molecule in a vitamin K dependent step which involves the attachment of calcium binding groups to the precursor. A protein has now been isolated from the liver of warfarin-treated rats which has the properties predicted for this precursor. The purified precursor is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight indistinguishable from rat prothrombin. Both electrophoretic and isofocusing analyses indicate that the precursor is less negatively charged than prothrombin. Specific proteolysis of the precursor by thrombin, taipan snake venom, or clotting factor Xa yielded fragments indistinguishable from those formed by similar proteolysis of prothrombin. The rate of activation of the precursor to thrombin by factor Xa and Ca-2+ was not stimulated by the addition of phospholipid, while prothrombin activation is greatly stimulated under these conditions. All of the data obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that the protein isolated is a precursor to prothrombin, and that under the influence of vitamin K, this precursor is converted to prothrombin by the addition of a number of acidic calcium binding groups. PMID- 1125190 TI - Isolation of peptides from the carboxyl carrier subunit of transcarboxylase. Role of the non-biotinyl peptide in assembly. AB - Transcarboxylase is made up of a central hexameric subunit (S20,W similar 12 S), three peripheral dimeric metallo subunits (S20,W similar to 5 S), and six biotinyl carboxyl carrier subunits (S20,W similar to 1.3 S). The results presented here show that the carboxyl carrier subunit is required for assembly of the 12S and 5S subunits into the oligomer. However, only a portion of the subunit is required for assembly. On treatment of transcarboxylase briefly with trypsin at pH 6.3 extremely susceptible peptide bonds of the carboxyl carrier protein are cleaved releasing biotinyl peptides of about similar to 66 and similar to 40 residues. The resulting trypsinized transcarboxylase, though enzymatically inactive, remains essentially intact as judged by its hydrodynamic and molecular sieving properties. The modified enzyme can be dissociated at pH 8 to the central 12S subunit and peripheral 5S subunit to which the residual portion(s) of the cleaved carboxyl carrier protein is still attached. These components can then be separated by molecular sieving. The residual portion of the carboxyl carrier protein (non-biotinyl peptide) can then be isolated by dissociation of the 5S subunit complex at pH 9 and by chromatography over Bio-Gel A-1.5m. The isolated non-biotinyl peptide has been shown to contain the combining domain of the 1.3SE carboxyl carrier protein since it causes combination of the 12S and 5S subunits. Active enzyme is formed by combination of the intact carboxyl carrier protein and the 12S and 5S subunits and an inactive oligomer of similar size is formed if the non-biotinyl peptide is used in place of the carboxyl carrier protein. The similar to 66- and similar to 40-residue biotinyl peptides, which are released by the trypsin treatment, apparently occur on an exposed portion of the enzyme. This portion of the carboxyl carrier protein apparently serves to place the biotinyl group adjacent to the two substrate sites of the enzyme, one of which is on the peripheral subunit and the other on the central subunit. Thus the carboxyl carrier protein has two functions: one portion holds the 12S and 5S subunits in juxtaposition and the other portion orients the biotinyl group adjacent to the substrate sites so that it may function as a carboxyl carrier between the sites. PMID- 1125191 TI - Evidence that the two partial reactions of transcarboxylation are catalyzed by two dissimilar subunits of transcarboxylase. AB - The results presented here show that isolated subunits of transcarboxylase specifically catalyze the two partial reactions of transcarboxylation as shown in eq 1-3. The 12S central subunit is active in the transcarboxylation with methylmalonyl-CoA but inactive with oxalacetate and the peripheral metallo 5S subunit is active in the transcarboxylation with oxalacetate but inactive with methylmalonyl-CoA. These subunits, likewise, are specific for the reverse partial reactions; the central subunit catalyzing transfer from the carboxylated biotinyl group to propionyl-CoA to yield methylmalonyl-CoA and the peripheral subunit to pyruvate to yield oxalacetate. Thus, the central subunit contains the sites for the CoA esters (methylmalonyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA) and the peripheral metallo subunits for the keto acids (oxalacetate and pyruvate). In the overall reaction the biotinyl carboxyl carrier protein acts as a shuttle to carry the carboxyl groups between the two subunits. Biotin and certain biotin analogs are inactive in these partial reactions but the similar to 40- or similar to 66-residue biotinyl peptides, which are derived from the carboxyl carrier protein, are active. Transcarboxylase can be reconstituted from its isolated subunits and a comparison was made of the rate of the overall reaction when the subunits were assembled, as in the intact enzyme, with that obtained when the reaction was catalyzed by the nonassembled subunits. In the latter case, since the biotinyl carboxyl carrier subunit must diffuse from one subunit to the other, the overall reaction is much slower than with the assembled subunits. The reaction with trypsinized transcarboxylase from which the similar to 66-residue and similar to 40-residue biotinyl peptides have been stripped, likewise, was slow even though the biotinyl peptides were added to the reconstitution mixture. The 12SH and 5SE subunits remain assembled after trypsin treatment but the biotinyl peptides apparently do not combine firmly or properly with the trypsinized enzyme and the biotinyl group apparently must oscillate as a carboxyl carrier between the two sites on the subunits by diffusion. PMID- 1125192 TI - Partial purification and properties of calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid dependent RNA polymerase III. AB - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III (nucleosidetriphosphate: RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.-7.6) has been isolated and partially purified from calf thymus tissue. Significant amounts of enzyme III are present in this tissue (up to 15% of the total activity of thymus homogenates). This enzyme has been characterized with respect to its chromatographic properties, broad ammonium sulfate optimum (0.04-0.2 M), template requirements, divalent metal optima, and its unique alpha-amanitin sensitivity (50% inhibition of activity occurring at an alpha-amanitin concentration of 10 mug/ml). PMID- 1125193 TI - DNA ligase activity in chromatin and its analogs. Rejoining of DNA strands in polylysine-DNA complexes and in reconstituted chromatins. AB - A highly purified DNA ligase from rat liver nuclei has been tested on DNA containing single-strand breaks ("nicks"); the DNA was present in several types of complexes which were chosen to serve as models for chromatin. These model systems included complexes of polylysine or histones with DNA as well as reconstituted chromatin preparations. In all these cases, the limit of ligase sealing was measured as a function of the ratio of polypeptide or protein to DNA. With an excess of either polylysine or histones, the ligase is totally prevented from sealing nicks in the DNA. However, at ratios of histones to DNA similar to those occurring in chromatin, about half of the nicks are accessible to the ligase. In the reconstitution of chromatin, the proteins are dissociated from the DNA by exposure to high ionic strength either with or without urea. If such procedures are carried out in the presence of labeled nicked DNA, the proteins will redistribute over this ligase substrate as well. When the chromatin is reconstituted at protein/DNA ratios similar to those occurring in chromatin, once more only about half of the nicks are accessible to the ligase. Similar results were obtained with preparations reconstituted with either rat liver or duck reticulocyte chromatin. The rate of ligase action has been measured on a variety of the complexes. While the rate falls as the DNA is increasingly covered with polylysine or histones, this is largely or entirely due to the decrease in concentration of sealable sites. At saturating concentrations of these DNA complexes, the original rate on uncovered DNA is approached. PMID- 1125194 TI - The contribution of RNA and non-histone proteins to the circular dichroism spectrum of chromatin. AB - This paper is an investigation of the contribution of low salt extractable RNA and non-histone proteins to the circular dichroism of chromatin. Circular dichroism (CD) of chromatin above 250 nm is due mainly to DNA and is different from that of DNA free in solution. In addition, to a smaller extent, we find that low salt extractable RNA and/or non-histone protein side chain chromophores contribute significantly to the spectra in this region and account for the major differences observed among the CD spectra of chromatins isolated from the five tissues studied; pig cerebellum, myeloma, calf thymus, chick embryo brain, and chick erythrocytes. PMID- 1125195 TI - Synthesis of rhodopsin and opsin in vitro. AB - Isolated bovine retinas have been used to study the synthesis of rhodopsin and the renewal of photoreceptor rod outer segments. Both leucine and glucosamine served as radioactive tracers to follow rhodopsin synthesis. In both cases the rod outer segment preparations contained large amounts of labeled macromolecules chromatographically distinct from rhodopsin, the latter representing only about 10% of the high molecular weight labeled material. However, electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels with sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that as much as 60-68% of the radioactivity coincided with opsin, the apoprotein of rhodopsin. Treatment of labeled rod outer segments with 9-cis-retinal caused much of the non-rhodopsin label to be converted to isorhodopsin. After such treatment the fraction of the label in visual pigment rose from about 10 to 51% with leucine as the radioactive tracer and to 78% with glucosamine. Similar treatment of bleached outer segments labeled with leucine gave identical results with complete regeneration of isorhodopsin (lambda max 487 nm) which then accounted for 56% of the labeled macromolecules. No such conversion occurred in controls lacking 9-cis-retinal. Both 9-cis- and 11-cis-retinal were effective but all-trans-retinal was ineffective in producing the conversion. Under in vitro conditions opsin appears to be accumulated in the outer segment prior to the addition of retinal. PMID- 1125197 TI - Iodohexestrols. I. Synthesis and photoreactivity of iodinated hexestrol derivatives. AB - The five possible ortho-iodinated hexestrols, containing from 1-4 iodines per molecule, have been synthesized as potential iodine-containing estrogenic ligands. After chromatographic separation and purification, each derivative has been fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. [3-H]-3-Iodohexestrol, [131-I] and [125-I]-3-iodohexestrol, and [125-IA1-3,5-diiodohexestrol have also been prepared. Photolysis of 3,5-diiodohexestrol in methanol results in rapid deiodination to 3-iodohexestrol; further reduction to hexestrol is slower. Photolysis of 3-iodohexestrol in benzene gives 3-phenylhexestrol. PMID- 1125196 TI - The F3-F2a1 complex as a unit in the self-assembly of nucleoproteins. AB - A specific and stable interaction between histones f3 and f2a1 was demonstrated to take place in the absence of DNA. When a mixture of these histones was subjected to velocity sedimentation under conditions in which the separate histones are aggregated and precipitate, the mixture of f3 and f2a1 remained soluble and these histones appeared to cotransport through the gradient, indicating the establishment of an isolatable, stable f3-f2a1 complex. This isolated complex subsequently binds to DNA quantitatively to form nucleohistone. Stoichiometry data strongly suggest that histones f3 and f2a1 bind to DNA as a unit; this is the only type of f2a1 binding to DNA that can take place under mild conditions. Histone f1 can act as a modifier of the f3-f2a1-DNA interactions by augmenting the formation of the f3-f2a1 complex and consequently enhancing the overall binding of these histones to DNA. No significant interactions of histones f2b and f2a2 with other histones could be demonstrated. Because of the findings reported here and the known affinity characteristics of the arginine-rich histones to DNA in native chromatin (in particular their stimultaneous extraction from chromatin by salt), we suggest that the (f3 + f2a1)-DNA complex is a structural component of native chromatin. We would also like to propose that, in vivo, histones may possess a considerable amount of quaternary structure, which would greatly increase the specificity of their role as potential regulators of the structure and function of the eucaryotic chromosomes. PMID- 1125198 TI - Fusion of fatty acid containing lecithin vesicles. AB - The rate and temperature at which fusion of purified homogeneous lecithin vesicles containing several per cent fatty acid occurs have been determined by analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectra. Dimyristoyllecithin with myristic acid as 2% of the lipid was found to fuse rapidly at temperatures between 17 and 20 degrees, and dimyristoyllecithin with 4% lauric acid was found to fuse rapidly at temperatures between 11 and 15 degrees, while dimyristoyllecithin with 4% palmitic acid did not fuse at an appreciable rate anywhere in the range 17-37 degrees. These results, along with data on dipalmitoyl- and dilauroyllecithin, are discussed in terms of a possible dependence on separation of fatty acid rich phase especially conducive to fusion. PMID- 1125199 TI - Isolation of messenger-like ribonucleoproteins. AB - Subribosomal and polyribosomal messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) were isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by a method involving sedimentation of polyribosomal and subribosomal particles, dissociation with EDTA, and rate-zonal sedimentation. The fractions containing mRNA protein particles were applied to glass fiber filters and extensively washed with buffer containing 0.5 M KCl. The eluted material was demonstrated to be an RNA-protein complex containing poly(A) rich RNA, heterogeneous in size, and free of 18S or 28S rRNA. mRNA function for the RNA was suggested by its ability to direct protein synthesis in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system derived from wheat germ embryos. Analysis of the proteins associated with subribosomal and polyribosomal mRNPs by iodination and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed at least seven similar proteins. The apparent molecular weights of the three most prominent proteins were 78,000, 52,000, and 34,000. Analysis of reticulocyte polyribosomal mRNPs revealed an increased prominence of the 78,000 and 52,000 molecular weight proteins relative to the other protein bands. PMID- 1125200 TI - Solubilization of the Semliki Forest virus membrane with sodium dodecyl sulfate. AB - The dissociation of Semliki Forest virus induced by increasing concentrations of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate was studied using density gradient centrifugation. Detectable binding to the virus started well below the critical micellar concentration of the detergent and increased thereafter with increased detergent concentration. At 4 degrees there were about 11,000 binding sites per virus particle with an average association constant of about 10-5 M-1. The extent of virus dissociation could be controlled both by the detergent concentration and by the temperature. At 4 degrees only disruption ("lysis") of the virus membrane could be observed. At 20 degrees most of the membrane was solubilized into lipoprotein complexes, and the nucleocapsid dissociated into RNA and protein. Complete delipidation of the viral membrane proteins was achieved at 30 degrees at a detergent concentration still below the critical micellar concentration. PMID- 1125201 TI - A reinvestigation of the amino-terminal sequence of human parathyroid hormone. AB - The sequence of the amino-terminal portion of human parathyroid hormone, particularly the identity of residues 22, 28, and 30 (the subject of discrepancies in recent published reports), has been reexamined by two basic methods of structural analysis. A fresh lot of human parathyroid hormone isolated from pooled adenoma tissue was analyzed by Edman degradation with identification of critical residues by thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. In the second approach, -14C or tritiated amino acids were incorporated during biosynthesis of the human hormone in slices of parathyroid glands in vitro; the appropriate amino acid residues were then determined as the -14C or tritiated phenythiohydantoin derivatives of the amino acid after Edman degradation, or by peptide isolation after appropriate cleavage with endopeptidase, or both. The results confirm our previous findings that residue 22 is glutamic acid, residue 28 is leucine, and residue 30 is aspartic acid. PMID- 1125202 TI - Kinetic model of the protein-mediated phosphatidylcholine exchange between single bilayer liposomes. AB - The phosphatidylcholine exchange protein from beef liver catalyzes the exchange of phosphatidylcholine between single bilayer liposomes (Hellings et al. (1974), Eur. J. Biochem. 47, 601). A model has been proposed which describes the kinetics of this exchange. Steady-state equations have been derived from the model and have been used for the derivation of the theoretical rate equation. Computer analysis shows a good fit with the experimental results. It follows from the analysis that the apparent dissociation constant of the exchange protein-liposome complex decreases with an increasing phosphatidic acid content of the liposomes. This suggests that in this model system it is the phospholipid composition of the membranes involved that regulates the amount of exchange protein available to function as a carrier of phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 1125203 TI - Covalent structure of collagen: amino acid sequence of alpha1-CB3 of chick skin collagen. AB - The amino acid sequence of alpha1-CB3, a peptide containing 149 residues obtained from the central portion of the alpha1(I) chain of chick skin collagen by cyanogen bromide cleavage, has been determined. As in the other sequences from the helical region of collagen chains, the repeating triplet Gly-X-Y extends throughout the length of the peptide. These data allow a comparison of the sequence to that of alpha1-CB3 from calf and rat skin collagens. As compared with calf, the chick peptide contains 14 amino acid differences, whereas it contains 17 residue differences from the rat peptide. Thus, the sequence identity level is 91 and 89 percent, respectively, in comparison to the calf and rat peptides. These values are significantly greater than the value of 97 percent observed between the peptide of the two mammalian species and reflect the greater phylogenetic distance of the species compared. PMID- 1125204 TI - Covalent structure of collagen: amino acid sequence of alpha1-CB6A of chick skin collagen. AB - The amino acid sequence of chick skin collagen alpha1-CB6A, a peptide containing 107 residues obtained from the helical region near the carboxy-terminus of the alpha1(I) chain by cyanogen bromide cleavage, has been determined. This was accomplished by automated Edman degradation of the hydroxylamine-produced fragments and of the tryptic peptides prepared with and without prior maleylation. The data show that this portion of the alpha1(I) chain from chick skin is identical in 90 percent of the residues to the corresponding peptide region of calf skin collagen reported previously. PMID- 1125205 TI - The amino acid sequence of ferredoxin II from Chlorobium limicola, a photosynthetic green bacterium. AB - The amino acid sequence of ferredoxin II from the photosynthetic green sulfur reducing bacterium, Chlorobium limicola, was deduced to be: Ala-His-Arg-Ile-Thr Glu-Glu-Cys-Thr-Tyr-Cys-Ala-Ala-Cys-Glu-Pro-Glu-Cys-Pro-Val-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ser-Ala Gly-Asp-Glu-Ile-Tyr-Ile-Val-Asp-Glu-Ser-Val-Cys-Thr-Asp-Cys-Glu-Gly-Tyr-Tyr-Asp Glu-Pro-Ala-Cys-Val-Ala-Val-Cys-Pro-Val-Asp-Cys-Ile-Ile-Lys-Val. The ferredoxin was shown to consist of 61 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain. The presence of 8 g-atoms of Fe and 8 mol of sulfide led to a calculated molecular weight of 7289. In constract to the ferredoxin I from C. limicola, ferredoxin II contains basic amino acids in positions 2 and 3 and 60 from the NH(2)-terminal end of the protein. The sequences of all the various ferredoxins from photosynthetic bacteria reported to date are compared with one another. PMID- 1125206 TI - New method for isolation and sequence determination of 5'-terminal regions of bacteriophage phiX174 in vitro mRNAs. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the 5'-terminal oligonucleotides, produced by RNase T1 digestion of bacteriophage phiX174 mRNAs synthesized in vitro. The major sequences are: pppCpGp(Ap), pppApUpCpGp(Cp), pppAp(Ap)2UpCp(Up)2Gp(Gp), and pppAp(Ap)3UpCp(Up)2Gp(Gp). The sequences of several minor 5'-terminal oligonucleotides were also determined. For this research we have devised a simple isolation procedure, for the 5'-terminal oligonucleotides, based upon hydroxylapatite chromatography and two-dimensional thin-layer separation. This method allows for the rapid and quantitative recovery of all oligonucleotides containing 5'-triphosphate end groups and should be generally useful for sequence on 5' termini of mRNAs. PMID- 1125207 TI - Interaction of fluorescence probes with acetylcholinesterase. The site and specificity of propidium binding. AB - A bis-quaternary fluorescence probe, propidium diiodide, has been found to exhibit a tenfold enhancement of fluorescence when bound to acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo california. The complex is characterized by a high affinity, KD = 3.0 times 10-7 M, and 1:1 stoichiometry with the 82,000 molecular weight subunit of acetylcholinesterase. A wide variety of other quaternary ammonium ligands such as decamethonium, gallamine, d-tubocurarine, tetraethylammonium, and tetramethylammonium will completely dissociate propidium from the enzyme as will monovalent and divalent inorganic cations. The competitive dissociation does not show cooperative behavior or a distinct, requirement for occupation of multiple sites of different affinity to produce displacement. While a directly competitive relationship can be illustrated macroscopically, the various quaternary ligands show a different susceptibility toward inorganic cation displacement. The affinity of propidium relative to gallamine increases with ionic strength. This finding indicates that there is not complete equivalence in the negative subsites to which quaternary groups bind. Although edrophoniumwill also displace propidium from the enzyme, the dissociation constant obtained from this competitive relationship is 3.5 orders of magnitude greater than the constants obtained for inhibition of catalysis. By competitive displacement titrations it is shown that the primary binding site of edrophonium is distinct from that of propidium and a ternary complex with the two ligands can form on each subunit. In contrast to edrophonium, the binding of propidium is unaffected by methanesulfonylation of the active center serine and is uncompetitive with the carbamylating substrate, N methyl-7-dimethylcarbamoxyquinolinium. Thus, it appears that propidium associates with a peripheral anionic center on the enzyme. Although propidium and edrophonium associate at separate sites on acetylcholinesterase, bis-quaternary ligands where the quaternary nitrogens are separated by 14 A displace both ligands from the enzyme with equal effectiveness. PMID- 1125208 TI - Deuterium isotope effects during formation of phenols by hepatic monoxygenases. Evidence for an alternative to arene oxide pathway. AB - The in vivo and in vitro metabolisms of normal and deuterated aromatic substrates have been investigated in ratsmsignificant isotope effects (k(H)/k(d) = 1.3-1.75) were associated with in vivo formation of meta-hydroxylated metabolites from 1:1 mixtures of normal and perdeuterio-(aryl ring) nitrobenzine, methyl phenyl sulfide, and methyl phenyl sulfone. Since isotope effects of this magnitude are incompatible with arene oxides as intermediates in the formation of phenols, the results provide evidence that multiple pathways are responsible for the formation of phenols in mammals. Significant isotope effects were not associated with the formation of the other phenolic isomers of nitrobenzene, methyl phenyl sulfone, or methyl phenyl sulfide or with the formation of phenolic products from anisole, bromobenzene, chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, benzonitrile, naphthalene, zoxazolamine, acetanilide, biphenyl, diphenylhydantoin, benzene, o- and p-xylene, toluene, and mesitylene. Significant isotope effects might not be observable with the latter substrates if the kinetic parameters for oxidation of substrate change or if the arene oxide pathway greatly predominates. Furthermore, extensive in vivo metabolism of any substrate would make isotope effects unobservable by the procedure employed, namely the analysis of isotope content in metabolites formed from 1:1 mixtures of normal and deuterated substrates. PMID- 1125209 TI - The nature of metal-ligand bonding in the primary hydration shell and in ionophores with alkali metal ions. AB - 1. Trasport of alkali ions in model membranes mediated by ionophores is associated with at least two basic problems: (a) a conceivable physical model for the metal-ligand bonding in the primary hydration shell and (b) migration of ions from the primary hydration shell to ionophores to form ion complexes. 2. The nature of metal-ligand bonding both in the primary hydration shell and in the ionophores has been found to be around 80% ionic and 20% covalent in both cases by indepdnent investigation. Clearly the energetics being equivalent in both systems, ions will not migrate from the former to the latter. 3. A novel model is proposed in terms of hydrogen bonding in the primary hydration shell for Li+ and Na+ so that the migration of these ions to ionophores is easily envisaged. Hydrogen bonding contribures 18% and 5% of the energy to the total hydration shell energy of Li+ and Na+, respectively. PMID- 1125210 TI - Use of phospholipid exchange protein to measure inside-outside transposition in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. AB - The exchange of phosphatidylcholine between (32P)phosphatidylcholine lipososomes and unlabeled mitochondria was catalyzed by a purified phospholipid exchange protein from bovine heart cytosol. The loss of (23P)phosphatidylcholine from the liposomes appeared to proceed in two stages: with 100 units of phospholipid exchange protein per ml the half-time of the initial stage was about 10 min and that of the final stage 4 days or greater. Agarose-gel chromatography of the liposomes showed an elution compatible with a homofwnwoua pool od amLL single walled vesicles. Treatment of phosphatidyl (14C) choline liposomes with phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphantidohydrolase) showed that labeled phospholipid removable during the rapid exchange phase was subject to hydrolysis by the phospholipase, but that the labeled phospholipid left after the rapid exchange was completed cound not by hydrolyzed by phospholipase D. It is proposed that the rapidly exchanging phosphatidylcholine constitutes the outer layer of the liposome bilayer. The long half-lives of 4 days or more probably represent the transposition of phosphatidylcholine from the inner to the outer layer of the liposome bilayer. PMID- 1125211 TI - Topological studies on the hydrolases bound to the intestinal brush border membrane. I. Solubilization by papain and Triton X-100. AB - Papain digestion of closed, right side out vesicles from pig, rat and rabbit jejunum brush border induces the release of the hydrolases bound to the membrane without grossly affecting the lipid bilayer limiting the vesicles. This observation definitely proves that intestinal hydrolases are surface components attached to the external side of the membrane. All proteins released by papain could be identified by electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis to already known intestinal hydrolases, with the exception of an unidentified substance strongly stained by the Schiff's reagent. The early observation that the aminopeptidase form released from pig bursh border by Triton X-100 is different from that released by papain was extended to other hydrolases from pig, rat and rabbit. In some cases, the Triton-released form could be converted by further proteolytic digestion into a new form similar to that liberated by papin. These facts may be related to the existence of hydrophobic anchors retaining the intestinal hydrolases to the membrane surface. PMID- 1125212 TI - The effect of pressure and the volume of activation on the monovalent cation and glucose permeabilities of liposomes of varying composition. AB - Measurement of the cation permeability of phospholipid microvesicles as a function of pressure confirmed that a single rate-determining step occurred in each case. The volume of activation was 20 ml-mole minus 1 for Na+ and K+, and about 40 ml-mole minus 1 for valinomycin-mediated K+ permeability. It was virtually independent of membrane composition. The results were explained in terms of Trauble's theory of kink-substrate dissociation at the membrane interface involving possible 2gl and 2g2 kink isomers. The volume of activation for D-glucose was 37 ml-mole minus 1, which was not significantly different from that for any of the valinomycin-mediated K+ permeabilities. However, other data suggest that the rate-limiting steps for the sugar and cation permeabilities are not the same. PMID- 1125213 TI - The relationship between the transport of glucose and cations across cell membranes in isolated tissues. IX. The role of cellular calcium in the activation of the glucose transport system in rat soleus muscle. AB - 1. The role of cellular Ca2+ in the transport of glucose has been investigated by determining the time-course of tension development and the release of 45Ca and 3 0-[14C]methylglucose from preloaded rat soleus muscles. 2. Electrical stimulation, 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.05 mM) and hyperosmolarity (200 mM mannitol) were all found to induce a rapid rise in tension and the rate coefficient of 45Ca release, which coincided with an acceleration of 3-0-[14C]methylglucose efflux. 3. Caffeine (10 mM) or exposure to K+ -substituted buffer induced a rapid increase in tension and the release of 45Ca, but a much later stimulation of 3-0 methylglucose efflux. This delayed response may be related to the fact that both factors induce a pronounced suppression of the effect of various agents known to stimulate sugar transport.4. Following a washout period of 120 min at 0 degreesC, the return to 30 degrees C elicited a prompt transient rise in the rate coefficient for the release of 45Ca and 3-0-[14C]meth ylglucose to levels, respectively, 2.8 and 14.6 times the control levels measured at 30 degrees C. The magnitude of these peaks appeared to be a function of the duration of the exposure to 0 degrees C. Cooling also led to a stimulation of the uptake of 3-0 [14C]methylglucose, and phlorizin suppressed the rise. 5. It was not possible to detect any significant effect of insulin on basal tension or on the influx or efflux of 45Ca. However, in a hyperosmolar environment, insulin (10-100 munits/ml) induced a marked further rise in tension, indicating that the hormone can elicit a redistribution of cellular Ca2+. 6. It is concluded that a rise in the cytoplasmic concentration of free Ca2+ constitutes a part of the mechanism by which the glucose transport system is activated by a variety of stimuli, perhaps also insulin. PMID- 1125214 TI - An electrogenic component of the potential difference in the rabbit lens. AB - The normal resting potential of the rabbit lens, -70mV, is altered to -59mV by ouabain concentrations up to 5-1- minus 6M, and to -52mV at 4 degrees C. Ouabain acts only at the anterior lens surface. The temperature effect id completely reversible. The Hodgkin-Katz-Goldman equation can be used with the measured lens potentials and Na+ and K+ levels in the lens and bathing medium to obtain alpha, the ration of the membrane permeabilities to Na+ and K+. The alpha-values obtained were 0.052 at 4 degrees C and 0.053 in 5-10 minus 6M ouabain. These data suggest that the change in potential due to cold and ouabain is caused by an inhibition of an electrogenic Na+ ump in the anterior lens epithelium. PMID- 1125215 TI - Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and primary photochemistry in chloroplasts by dibromothymoquinone. AB - The quenching action of dibromothymoquinone on fluorescence and on primary photochemistry was examined in chloroplasts at minus 196 degrees C. Both the initial (F0) and final (FM) levels of fluorescence as well as the fluorescence of variable yield (FV equals FM minus FO) were quenched at minus 196 degrees C to a degree which depended on the concentration of dibromothymoquinone added prior to freezing. The initial rate of photoreduction of C-550 at minus 196 degrees C, which was assumed to be proportional to maximum yield for primary photochemistry, phipo, was also decreased in the presence of dibromothymoquinone. Simple theory predicts that the ratio FV/FM should equal phipo. Excellent agreement was found in a comparison of relative values of phipo with relative values of FV/FM at various degrees of quenching by dibromothymoquinone. These results are taken to indicate that FO and FV are the same type of fluorescence, both emanating from the bulk chlorophyll of Photosystem II. Dibromothymoquinone appears to create quenching centers in the bulk chlorophyll of Photosystem II which compete with the reaction centers for excitation energy. The rate constant for the quenching of excitation energy by dibromothymoquinone is directly proportional to the concentration of the quencher. Rate constants for the de-excitation of excited chlorophyll molecules by fluorescence, kF, by nonradiative decay processes, kD, by photochemistry, kP, and by the specific quenching of dibromothymoquinone, kQ, were calculated assuming the absolute yield of fluorescence at FO to be either 0.02 or 0.05. PMID- 1125216 TI - Fluorescence quenching in photosystem II of chloroplasts. AB - A simple photochemical model for the photosynthetic units of Photosystem II based on first-order rate constants for de-excitation of excited chlorophyll molecules is presented in the form of equations which predict the yields of fluorescence (i.e. at the FO level, at the maximal FM level and the fluorescence of variable yield, FV equals FM minus FO). Two types of quenching mechanisms are recognized: (1) increasing nonradiative decay processes in the bulk chlorophyll by creating quenching centers which complete with the reaction centers for the excitation energy (this mechanism quenches both FO and FV) and (2) increasing nonradiative decay of the excited reaction center chlorophyll (this mechanism quenches FV but not FO). Quenching in the bulk chlorophyll preserves the relationship that Fv/FM is equal to the maximum yield of photochemistry; quenching at the reaction center chlorophyll decreases FV/FM substantially (since FV is quenched specifically) but may have very little effect on the yield of photochemistry. Estimates are made of the relative magnitudes of the rate constants for de-excitation of the excited reaction center chlorophyll by photochemistry, kp, by nonradiative decay processes, kd, and by energy transfer back to the bulk chlorophyll, kt. Fluorescence is assumed to emanate only from the bulk chlorophyll. Energy transfer from Photosystem II to Photosystem I may occur from either the excited bulk chlorophyll or from the excited reaction center chlorophyll. The model is valid for any degree of energy transfer between Photosystem II units. PMID- 1125217 TI - Effects of sodium and magnesium cations on the "dark-" and light-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence yields in sucrose-washed spinach chloroplasts. AB - The effects of Na plus and Mg-2 plus on the "dark" level (O level) and light induced (P level) fluorescence in sucrose-washed spinach clhoroplasts were studied. Low concentrations of NaCl (2-10 mM) cause a significant decrease in both the O and P levels in the chlorophyll fluorescence transient. The effect on the O level may reflect changes in the bulk chlorophyll a. At 77 degrees K NaCl increases the F735/F685 emission peak ratio in dark-adapted and preilluminated chloroplasts, but has no significant effect on this ratio in sucrose-washed Photosystem II particles. This evidence is consistent with a sodium-induced excitation-energy distribution in favor of Photosystem I. In the presence of MgCl2, with or without NaCl, there is a slight decrease in the O and P level fluorescence as compared with the salt-free control, but an increase as compared with the NaCl-treated sample. Magnesium appears to override the sodium-induced changes. At low temperatures in chloroplasts and Photosystem II particles, MgCl2 has different effects on the F735/F685 ratio apparently depending on the state of the membrane. Magnesium, however, always induces an increase in the F695/F685 ratio. These results suggest that magnesium may influence Photosystem II reaction centers as well as energy distribution between the two photosystems. PMID- 1125218 TI - Temperature and preillumination dependence of delayed fluorescence of spinach chloroplasts. AB - Delayed fluorescence (luminescence) from spinach chloroplasts, induced by short saturating flashes, was studied in the temperature region between 0 and minus 40 degrees C. At these temperatures, in contrast to what is observed at room temperature, luminescence at 40 ms after a flash was strongly dependent, with period four, on the number of preilluminating flashes (given at room temperature, before cooling). At minus 35 degrees C luminescence of chloroplasts preilluminated with two flashes (the optimal preillumination) was about 15 times larger than that of dark-adapted chloroplasts. The intensity of luminescence obtained with preilluminated chloroplasts increased steeply below minus 10 degrees C, presumably partly due to accumulation of reduced acceptor (Q minus), and reached a maximum at minus 35 degrees C. In the presence of 50 mM NH4Cl; at temperatures below minus 20 degrees C luminescence at 40 ms was decreased by NH4C1. At room temperature a strongly enhanced 40-ms luminescence was observed after the third and following flashes. The results indicate that both the S2 to S3 and the S3 to S4 conversion are affected by NlH4Cl. Inhibitors of Q minus reoxidation, like 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea, did only slightly affect the preillumination dependence of luminescence at sub-zero temperatures if they were added after the preillumination. This indicates that these substances by themselves do not accelerate the deactivation of S2 and S3. PMID- 1125219 TI - Salts and chloroplast fluorescence. AB - Chlrorplast fluorescence was exicted by a weak measuring beam. A time-separated actinic light was used to modify the redox states of Q which in turn induced a change in the fluorescence yield. In salt-depleted chloroplasts, fluorescence saturated at a low actinic light intensity. CaCl2 increased the "variable" fluorescence as well as the rate of ferricyanide-Hill reaction. With Tris-washed chloroplasts, Photosystem II donor couple, phenylenediamine and ascorbate, did not increase the fluorescnece to a large extent without the presence of CaCl2. It is suggested that salt-depletion inactivates the Photosystem II reaction center of chloroplasts. PMID- 1125220 TI - Membrane potentials in mitochondrial preparations as measured by means of a cyanine dye. AB - Changes in the fluorescent intensity of the dye 3,3'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine iodide were measured in suspensions of hamster liver mitochondria upon the development of a K+ diffusion potential by the addition of valinomycin and upon the development of the energized state by the addition of succinate or ATP. The changes (large decreases) seen with the addition of succinate or ATP (inhibitable by NaCN and oligomycin respectively) were comparable to those recorded upon the addition of valinomycin to mitochondria suspended in media containing low concentrations of K+. The change observed with succinate was partially reversed by the addition of either 2,4-dinitrophenol or ADP. Oligomycin prevented the reversal seen with ADP. Decreases in fluorescent intensity were also recorded when succinate was added to suspensions of inner membranes (prepared from rat liver mitochondria) containing the dye. With submitochondrial particles (also from rat liver mitochondria), however, increases in fluorescent intensity were seen upon the addition of succinate or ATP. These observations are consistent with the idea that a large negative (internal) potential develops across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion during energization and with other aspects of the chemiosmotic hypothesis. PMID- 1125221 TI - Mitochondrial oxygen affinity as a function of redox and phosphate potentials. AB - 1. The conditions under which mitochondria might catalyse a net reversal of oxidative phosphorylation are analysed. 2. Rat-liver mitochondria, incubated under such conditions, show a strongly diminished affinity for oxygen. 3. The velocity of respiration under these conditions is a hyperbolic function of the oxygen concentration. 4. The K-m for oxygen is less than 0.1 muM at low phosphate potential, irrespective of substrate, and 1-3 muM under reversal conditions. 5. The observed kinetics can be accounted for in a simple mechanism for cytochrome oxidase action. PMID- 1125222 TI - Cytochrome b and photosynthetic sulfur bacteria. AB - Chromatophores isolated from the purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium and the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium exhibit absorbance changes in the cytochrome alpha band region consistent with the presence of a b-type cytochrome. Cytochrome content determined by reduced minus oxidized difference spectra and by heme photochemically active bacteriochlorophyll (reaction-center bacteriochlorophyll). The b-type cytochrome in Chromatium has an alpha-band maximum at 560 nm and a midpoint oxidation-reduction potential of -5 mV at pH 8.0. The b-type cytochrome in Chlorobium has an alpha-band maximum at 564 nm and an apparent midpoint oxidation-reduction potential near -90 mV. Chromatophores isolated from both Chromatium and Chlorobium cells catalyze a photoreduction of cytochrome b that is enhanced in the presence of antimycin A. Antimycin A and 2-n-heptyl-4 hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide inhibit endogenous (but not phenazine methosulfate mediated) cyclic photophosphorylation in Chromatium chromatophores and non-cyclic electron flow from Na-2S to NADP in Chlorobium chromatophores. These observations suggest that b-type cytochromes may function in electron transport reactions in photosynthetic sulfur bacteria. PMID- 1125223 TI - The magnetic susceptibility of reduced cytochrome P-450-cam. AB - The primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II has a midpoint oxidation reduction potential of +95 mV at pH 7.0 in Photosystem II chloroplast fragments prepared by digitonin treatment. The midpoint potential of the acceptor has a pH dependence of -60 mV/pH unit. At concentrations that inhibit oxygen evolution, o phenanthroline shifts the midpoint potential of the primary acceptor by +70 mV. The shifted potential retains the same dependence on pH. The effect of o phenanthroline suggests that it interacts directly with the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II in a manner similar to that reported previously for the primary electron acceptor in purple photosynthetic bacteria. PMID- 1125224 TI - Enrichment of photosystem I reaction center chlorophyll from spinach chloroplasts. AB - The reaction center chlorophyll of Photosystem I in spinach chloroplasts was highly enriched. Preparations having 5-9 chlorophylls per 1 P700 were obtained by treating the Photosystem I particles prepared by digitonin treatment of chloroplasts with wet diethyl ether. All P700 present in the extracted particles was found to be photoactive, undergoind oxidation upon illumination. PMID- 1125225 TI - Mode of action of antitumour antibiotics. spectrophotometric studies on the interaction of chromomycin A3 with DNA and chromatin of normal and neoplastic tissue. AB - The binding of chromomycin A3, an antitumour antibiotic, to various DNA and chromatin isolated from mouse and rat liver, mouse fibrosarcoma and Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells was studied spectrophotometrically at 29 degrees C in 10-2 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, containing small amounts of MgCl2 (4.5-10-5--25-10-5 M). An isobestic point at 415 nm was observed when chromomycin A3 was gradually titrated with DNA/chromatin and its spectrum shifted towards higher wavelength. The rates and extent of these spectral changes were found to be dependent on the concentration of Mg2+. The change in absorbance at 440 nm was used to calculate apparent binding constant (Kap M-1) and sites per nucleotide (n) from Scatchard plots for various DNA and chromatins. As expected, values of n for chromatin (0.06-0.10) were found to be lower than found for corresponding DNA (0.10-0.15). Apparently no such correlation exists between binding constants (Kap M-1)-10-4) of DNA (6.4--11.2) and of chromatin (3.1--8.3), but Kap M-1 of chromatin isolated from mouse fibrosarcoma and Yoshida ascites sarcoma are 1.5--3 times higher than that found for mouse and rat liver chromatin. These differences may be taken to indicate structural difference in nucleoprotein complexes caused by neoplasia. The relevance of this finding to tumour suppressive action of chromomycin A3 is discussed. PMID- 1125226 TI - The inhibition of nuclear RNA synthesis by the rifampicin derivative AF/013 in living cells. AB - The rifampicin derivative, AF/013, completely inhibits synthesis of the nucleolar and chromosomal RNA in explanted salivary gland cells of Chironomus tentans. When the glands are preincubated in rifampicin AF/013 for a short period before the addition of the radioactive precursors, labelling of RNA is depressed in all size classes to the same extent. In contrast, if rifampicin is replaced by the nucleoside analogue, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, a tentative initiation inhibitor of heterogeneous nuclear RNA, the label is reduced preferentially in the lower molecular weight region of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA spectrum. In chase type experiments, when rifampicin AF/013 is added after an initial labelling period, the synthesis of heterogeneous nuclear RNA is suppressed equally in all size classes, a result analogous to that obtained with the elongation inhibitor, alpha-amanitin. 5,6-Dichloro-1-beta-D ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, under similar chase conditions, preferentially inhibits the labelling of smaller heterogeneous nuclear RNA molecules, but later on abolishes labelling of molecules with higher S values, also. Rifampicin AF/013 prevents or affects seriously the normal processing of the prelabelled preribosomal RNA in the nucleolus. It further interferes with the export of nuclear RNA to the cytoplasm, and/or promotes a non-physiological breakdown of cytoplasmic RNA. The experimental data suggest that rifampicin AF/013 acts on RNA synthesis in living cells by interference with chain elongation. PMID- 1125227 TI - Muscle protein biosynthesis in the tumour-bearing rat. A defect in a post initiation stage of translation. AB - 1. The decreased ability of polysomes isolated from the gastrocnemius of rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma to incorporate L-[14C]leucine into protein persisted in the presence of 5-10-5 M aurin tricarboxylic acid and 1-10-2 M NaF. 2. Poly(U)-directed phenylalanine incorporation by such polysome preparations was less than that of similar preparations from normal rats. 3. The ability of gastrocnemius polysomes from tumour-bearing rats to react with puromycin was markedly decreased. Cycloheximide inhibited peptidyl puromycin formation by polysome preparations from both normal and tumour-bearing rats. 4. The ability of recombined 60 S and 40 S subunits prepared from polysomes of tumour-bearing rats to carry out poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis was much reduced when assayed over a wide range of magnesium concentrations. Cross-over experiments with subunits from normal and tumour-bearing animals suggested that this was due to a defect in the smaller ribosomal subunit. PMID- 1125228 TI - The control of protein synthesis during the stimulation of lymphocytes by phytohaemagglutinin. III. Poly(U) translation and the rate of polypeptide chain elongation. AB - 1. Cell-free systems from phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated pig lymphocytes are much more active in both endogenous protein synthesis and the translation of poly(U) than those from unstimulated lymphocytes. 2. Addition of tRNA stimulates the translation of poly(U) and greatly reduces the difference between systems from stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes. Endogenous protein synthesis is not increased by added tRNA. 3. Systems from stimulated lymphocytes have an increased capacity to form aminoacyl-tRNA with several different amino acids. This reaction is limited by the amount of tRNA present in the cell-free system. 4. The rate of polypeptide elongation is not affected by lymphocyte stimulation. The increased rate of protein synthesis must therefore be due to an increase in the frequency of initiation of the synthesis of protein molecules. PMID- 1125229 TI - Synthesis of alpha- and beta-globin directed by messenger ribonucleoprotein from rabbit reticulocytes. AB - The translation of globin messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) obtained from high salt-washed rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes by treatment with EDTA was investigated using a cell-free system from mouse Krebs II ascites tumour cells. The messenger activity of the mRNP and the mRNA derived from it by mild deproteinization was compared in the presence and absence of reticulocyte initiation factors. Both forms gave identical products over a wide range of messenger concentration and there was no qualitative or quantitative difference in their efficiency as messengers. It is concluded that the proteins associated with polysomal mRNA do not alter the specificity of translation of alpha- and beta-globin messengers or the requirement for initiation factor. PMID- 1125230 TI - Inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in L1210 mouse leukemia ascites cells by hycanthone. AB - Hycanthone inhibits macromolecular synthesis in L1210 cells. At the same concentrations of hycanthone, DNA synthesis is inhibited to a greater extent than the synthesis of RNA. There is an inhibition by the drug of the synthesis of ribosomal precursor RNA; the synthesis of other types of RNA including heterogeneous and small-molecular-weight, also appears to be inhibited. Maturation of 45-S RNA does not seem to be affected, and there is a partial reversal of inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis by washing the cells free of hycanthone. PMID- 1125231 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases from spleen of uninfected and Rauscher murine leukemia virus-infected NIH Swiss mice.? AB - The RNA polymerase activities from the nuclei of the spleen of uninfected and Rauscher murine leukemia virus-infected NIH Swiss mice were resolved by DEAE cellulose column chromatography, and their properties were compared. The RNA polymerase activities from infected and uninfected spleens were the same with respect to column elution profiles, optimum requirements for various salts, ratios of activities with Mn2+ and Mg2+, sedimentation values, and response to most templates. With the exception of minor differences in activities with certain DNA templates, the significance of which is not clear, no qualitative differences in the enzymes from these two sources were found, but an increase in the specific activity of the alpha-amanitin sensitive enzyme, RNA polymerase II, was found in the leukemic spleen. These preliminary results suggest that there may be no novel RNA polymerase induced by Rauscher murine luekemia virus infection, and they are in keeping with the interpretation that the viral DNA genome is transcribed by a host RNA polymerase. PMID- 1125232 TI - DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities from Paramecia macronuclei. AB - Three DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities, A, B, and C, have been detected from the macronucleus of Paramecium. The enzymes were separated and partially purified by DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography. These three enzymes can be further distinguished from each other by the effect of KCl, araCTP and different DNA templates on their activities. All three enzymes have the same molecular weight (900 000-110 000), are dependent on Mg2+ and added DNA template and are inhibited by sodium pyrophosphate. The relative amounts of the three enzyme activities vary with the growth stage of the Paramecia from which they are isolated. In balanced growth, three polymerase activities (A, B AND C) are observed, whereas in late log or stationary phase polymerase C is absent, while the level of polymerase B decreases by a larger factor than polymerase A. These results have been related to the possible functional roles of the three activities and their relationship to activities in other organisms studies is discussed. PMID- 1125233 TI - Circular dichroism and fluorescence studies on potato virus X and its structural components. AB - Circular dichroism (DC) measurements of the coat protein subunits of potato virus X show that native subunits that can reassemble with RNA to form infectious virus particles have appreciable alpha-helical structure. The CD of intact potato virus X was less intense below and more intense above 250 nm, and the maxima and minima were at longer wavelengths, than those of a CD spectrum computed from the individual contributions of the coat protein and RNA. The differences between the measured and computed spectra below 250 nm were attributed to the effects of differential light scattering and absorption flattening on measurements of the virus particle CD. The differences at longer wavelengths, were the CD contribution of the nucleic acid predominates, probably reflect the difference between a base-paired conformation of the RNA in solution and the more rigid single-stranded conformation imposed by the structure of the virus. The CD evidence suggests that the tertiary structure and potato virus X coat protein subunits in solution and in intact virus particles is similar. Both CD and fluorescence emission results indicate differences between the tryptophan environment in dissociated protein subunits and that in intact virus. These are attributed to local differences in subunit conformation or to the occurrence of intersubunit interactions involving tryptophan in the intact virus. PMID- 1125234 TI - Isolation of five active thyrotropin components from human pituitary gland. AB - A procedure is described for the isolation of human pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin). The starting material was a side-fraction provided by the earlier developed process for the purification of growth hormone from whole frozen pituitaries. This fraction was further purified by successive chromatography on Bio-Gel P-150, Bio-Gel HT hydroxyapatite, and SP-Sephadex C-50. The resulting preparation was obtained in yields of 10 mg/kg of pituitary tissue and had a thyrotropin potency of 11 units human Research Standard A/mg as measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. Contamination by other pituitary hormone activities was low. In the ultracentrifuge a single sedimenting boundary was registered with an s20,w value of 2.7 S. The molecular weight as determined by sedimentation-equilibrium experiments was 34 000 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and 17 700 in 1 M propionic acid. This thyrotropin preparation was, however, electrophoretically heterogenous. Following preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis five different components associated with thyrotropin activity were isolated. Isolation on a preparative scale of electrophoretically homogeneous human thyrotropin has not earlier been reported. One of the thyrotropin components was characterized with respect to molecular weight and amino acid composition. The data were consistent with a molecular weight of 33 000 from sedimentation-equilibrium analysis at pH 7 and with 268 amino acid residues per molecule. PMID- 1125235 TI - Electron diffraction study of hydrated phospholipid single bilayers. Effects of temperature hydration and surface pressure of the "precursor" monolayer. AB - The molecular packing and phase transition of hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine single bilayers are studied by electron diffraction, using an electron microscope equipped with a hydration stage. The phase transition and area per molecule are measured as functions of temperature, hydration and the surface pressure of the monolayer from which the bilayer is formed. The transition temperature of a bilayer agrees with calorimetric measurements on bulk lipid/water mixtures. The molecular packing of a bilayer corresponds to that of the precursor monolyer at a surface pressure of 47 dyne/cm. PMID- 1125236 TI - Light scattering spectroscopy of the squid axon membrane. AB - Light scattering studies on the giant squid axon were done using the technique of optical mixing spectroscopy. This experimental approach is based on the use of laser light to detect the fluctuations of membrane macromolecules which are associated with conductance fluctuations. The light scattering spectra were similar to the Lorentzian-like behavior of conductance fluctuations, possibly reflecting an underlying conformational change in the specific membrane sites responsible for the potassium ion conductance. The amplitude of the spectra measured, increased when the membrane was depolarized and decreased on hyperpolarization. The spectra were fit to the sum of two terms, a (1/f component and a simple Lorentzian term. Spectra from deteriorating axons did not show sensitivity to membrane potential changes. It is shown theoretically that fluctuations due to the voltage-dependent variable, n, of the Hodgkin-Huxley formalism are identical to the voltage fluctuations. The derived power spectrum is that of a second order system, capable of showing resonance peaking only if the voltage dependence of the potassium rate of constants is included in the analysis. The lack of resonance peaking in the observed light scattering spectra, indicates that the data are best described by a damped second order system. PMID- 1125237 TI - Concanavalin A-reactive protein of rabbit thymocyte plasma membranes: analysis by crossed immune electrophoresis and sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - 1. Thymocyte plasma membrane extracts, prepared with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100, show 10 major protein components upon sodium dodecysulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and at least 11 immunologic components upon crossed immune electrophoresis. 2. Concanavalin A reactive membrane proteins have been identified using crossed immune electrophoresis with receptor-ligand interaction. 3. These proteins are absorbed from Triton X-100 solubilized membranes onto immobilized concanavalin A. They are eluted in stepwise fashion, using increasing concentrations of alpha-methyl-d-glucoside, between 0.0004 M and 0.1 M. The predominant proteins eluted in each step are components with high electrophoretic mobility in crossed immune electrophoresis and are identical with a glycosylated component in sodium dodecysulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with molecular weight of 55 000. 4. This component forms multimers in the presence of Triton X-100 which are not totally dissociated in sodium dodecylsulfate. 5. Neuramidase treatment followed by crossed immune electrophoresis of total plasma membrane isolates, as well as the purified glycoprotein fraction, indicates that the concanavalin A-reactive proteins are sialoglycoproteins. 6. Sodium dodecylsulfate component 5.1 comprises at least two different populations of glycoproteins (6 and 9) in crossed immune electrophoresis, one of which exclusively exhibits heterogenous carbohydrate antigenic sites (component 9). 7. Present data, taken together with previously published experiments, indicate that concanavalin A binding to intact thymocytes induces an increased turnover and release of the receptor protein(s). PMID- 1125238 TI - Zero-trans and infinite-cis uptake of galactose in human erythrocytes. AB - 1. The zero-trans and infinite-cis uptake of galactose into human erythrocytes was measured as a function of galactose concentration at 20 degrees C. 2. A special procedure, the "cis-trans test" has been developed to determine the directionality of an asymmetric transport carrier. 3. Using the "cis-trans test" and results obtained by phloretin inhibition, could show the existance of two sites mediating galactose uptake. The kinetic parameters of the high affinity site are K1 equals 11 mM; V1 equals 16 mmol - cell unit-1-min-1 and of the low affinity site: K2 equals 286 mM; V2 equals 21 mmol-cell unit-2-min-1. 4. The infinite-cis Km, using an intergrated rate equation treatment was 21 mM and that found by a direct preloading procedure was 25 mM. The existence of a high affnity site at the inner side of the membrane was thus confirmed. PMID- 1125239 TI - Zero-trans and equilibrium-exchange efflux and infinite-trans uptake of galactose by human erythrocytes. AB - 1. The zero-trans and equilibrium exchange efflux and the infinite-trans uptake of galactose in human erythrocytes were measured as a function of galactose concentration at 20 %. 2. The zero-trans procedure with cells loaded with 285 mM galactose revealed a low affinity site for galactose transport at the inner face of the membrane having a maximal velocity of 255 plus or minus 96 mmol/l isotonic cell water and Km equals 240 plus or minus 57, the V/K ratio being 1.01 plus or minus 0.04 min-1. 3. The equibirum-exchange procedure yielded a maximal velocity of 432 plus or minus 44 mmol/cell unit per min and K equals 138 plus or minus 57, the V/K ratio being3.19 plus or minus 0.52 min-1. 4. The infinite-trans uptake revealed a high affinity site at the outer face of the membrane having a maximal velocity of 239 plus or minus 11 mmol/cell unit per min, and K equals 21 plus or minus 2 mM. 5. These results combined with previous findings (Ginsburg, H. and Stein, W. D. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 000, 000-000) force us to reject the following models for sugar transport in human erythrocytes: a single asymmetric carrier; two symmetric carriers in parallel, the original form of the internal transfer model. PMID- 1125240 TI - Kinetics of blood-brain transport of hexoses. AB - 1. The kinetics of transport of glucose and four other hexoses through the blood brain barrier were studied with a tritiated-water reference technique in the anesthetized rat. Brain clearance of [14-C]hexose was measured 15 s after a single injection of the hexose and 3-HOH reference into the common carotid artery. 2. Saturation of brain clearance of [14-C]hexose conformed to Michaelis Menten kinetics. Linear transformation of the uptake data yielded the Km of carrier-mediated hexose transport: 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6 mM, D-glucose 9mM, 3-O methyl-D-glucose and D-galactose 40 mM. A maximum transport velocity of 1.56 mumol/g per min was calculated and shown to be constant for all five hexoses. 3. The kinetics of 3-HOH and 3-0-methyl-D-[14-C]glucose efflux from brain to blood were studied with a modification of the water reference technique. An estimate of cerebral blood flow, 0.56 ml/g per min, was made from the efflux rate constant for 3-HOH, 0.61 min-1. The fractional extraction of 3-0-methyl-D-[14C]glucose uptake from blood was estimated from the efflux rate constant, 0.22 min-1, for this sugar and found to be 0.25. This value approximated the fractional extraction of 3-0-methyl-D-[14-C]glucose uptake that was determined from influx studies (0.24). These results indicated that the bidirectional movement of glucose across the blood brain barrier was symmetrical, which suggested that barrier sugar transport is equilibrative and not active. 4. Blood-brain barrier sugar transport was shown to be reversibly inhibited by phloretin, yet no modulation of transport was demonstrable after 2 or 8 days of starvation. Finally, regional analysis (olfactory bulb, caudate-putamen nucleus, thalamus hypothalamus, and inferior-superior colliculi) demonstrated that, in addition to blood-brain barrier permeability, brain clearance of glucose was a function of cerebral blood flow. PMID- 1125241 TI - Amino acid accumulation in frog muscle. II. Are cycloleucine fluxes consistent with an adsorption model for concentrative uptake of amino acid? AB - Cycloleucine accumulation by frog muscle was studied at 0 degrees C and 25 degrees C. At external concentrations less than 5 mM the distribution ratio of cycloleucine is higher at 0 degrees C. At concentrations greater than 5 mM the converse is true due to apparent exclusion of cycloleucine from a larger portion of the cell water at 0 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. The steady state data are consistent with an adsorption model for amino acid accumulation. Flux studies provide a means to rule out this model if all the possible rate-limiting steps in the movement of amino acid into and out of the cell are considered. These steps include intra-cytoplasmic diffusion, desorption from cytoplasmic or membrane sites and passage through the cell membrane. The assumption is made that the rate limiting step for influx and efflux is the same, allowing the use of either influx or efflux data to examine the model. Diffusion-limited flux is ruled out on the basis of "influx profile analysis" of the time course of cycloleucine entry at both 0 degrees C and 25 degrees C. At least 95% of all intracellular cycloleucine leaves frog muscle cells with a single exponential time course at both 0 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The rate constant of efflux does not vary with cellular concentration. These findings are shown to be incompatible with desorption-limited efflux. They are compatible with membrane-limited efflux only if (i) adsorption sites are located on membranes with direct access to the extracellular space and (ii) the rate constant for desorption is equal to the rate constant of membrane-limited efflux of free amino acid. It is considered unlikely that such a coincidence would occur at both 0 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Therefore, an adsorption model for cycloleucine accumulation in frog muscle appears to be untenable. PMID- 1125242 TI - Dielectric breakdown in the membranes of Valonia utricularis. The role of energy dissipation. AB - The electrical properties of the membranes of Valonia utricularis were investigated using intracellular electrodes. Using short (0.5-1.0 ms) current pulses it was found that at a critical membrane potential difference of 0.85 V there was a large and discontinuous decrease in the membrane impedance and the slope resistance beyond this potential was virtually zero. The electrical breakdown of the membranes did not lead to global damage of the cells and after a resealing time of approx. 5 s could be repeated with identical results. Experiments with long current pulses and long bursts of pulses repeated at 1 kHz are described which show that the electrical breakdown is not due to thermal damage arising from localized heating in the membrane. Thus a dissipation of some 10-3-10-5 times the energy normally dissipated during the onset of breakdown did not lead to breakdown itself unless the critical membrane potential was exceeded. The results also show that punch-through and avalanche ionization are not likely to be important in the breakdown mechanism. The results are consistent, however, with there being a critical instability in the electro-mechanical stresses set up in the membrane at large electric field strengths. PMID- 1125243 TI - On the molecular nature of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. AB - Envelope- and stroma-free thylakoid membranes of Vicia faba chloroplasts were disintegrated and the electrophoretic behavior of the components studied with special regard to the pigment-protein complexes. The process of denaturation of the complexes was found to differ with respect to the other protein components. As the result of denaturation, the pigment-free protein moieties exhibit altered electrophoretic mobilities in relation to the intact complexes mainly conditioned by two processes contrary in their action, i.e. increase of change and change of the hydrodynamic properties. Exhaustive extraction of the thylakoid membranes with 6 M guanidine - HCl removes the proteins mainly associated by polar and weak hydrophobic interactions. The insoluble residue quantitatively exhibits the pigment-protein complexes including their denatured protein moieties, two extrinsic hydrophobic proteins as well as some protein traces. Electron microscopic studies demonstrate the material still to have a high degree of order and preserved basic structure. After removing the lipids from the basic membrane, large amounts of the protein moeity of Complex II become soluble in guanidine HCl. Since all other lamellar proteins are removable either by quanidine -HCl extraction or by trypsin digestion it is assumed the basic membrane of thylakoid to consist only of the pigment-protein complexes embedded into the lipid matrix. PMID- 1125244 TI - (Ca-2+ + Mg-2+)-Activated ATPase in the plasma membrane mouse liver cells. AB - 1. Purified plasma membranes from dissociated adult mouse liver cells posses a (Ca-2+ + Mg-2+)-stimulated ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) activity. 2. Enzyme activity is at a maximum with the addition of 0.3 mM Ca-2+ and 3 mM Mg-2+. 3. Using medium devoid of alkali metal ions (Ca-2+ + Mg-2+)-ATPase enzyme activity was observed with Km1 = 0.35 - 10-3 M at a substrate concentration of 1 mM or less and an apparent Km2 = 0.88 - 10-3 M at higher substrate concentrations. 4. In the presence of Na+ and 4 mM ATP, an increase in activity was seen, suggesting the presence of a (Ca-2+ + Mg-2+ + Na+)-activated ATPase. 5. In the presence of both Na+ and K+ the (Ca-2+ + Mg-2+)-dependent enzyme activity was further increased, indicating that a (Ca-2+ +Mg-2+ + K+)-stimulated ATPase may also be present. PMID- 1125245 TI - The proteins of the content of the secretory granules of the rat parotid gland. AB - The proteins of the secretory granules of the rat parotid gland were characterized by sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis, by chromatography of [3-H]proline-labeled proteins on DEAE-cellulose and by amino acid analysis. Sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis of the secretory granule content showed five principal proteins and a limited number of minor components. Only two of the principal bands could be identified as known secretory enzymes of the parotid gland. One was identified as the alpha-amylase and one as deoxyribonuclease. Peroxidase and ribonuclease form minor portions of the secretory proteins. The other three major proteins constitute, together, about 60% by weight, of the secretory granule content proteins. Of these, one which represents more than 30% of the total granule protein was found to contain uniquely high amounts of leucine residues (21 mole%). Another one of these principal proteins was relatively rich in cysteine residues (7 mole%). The fifth principal protein was found to contain high amounts of proline (28 mole%) glutamic acid (17 mole%) and glycine (18 mole%) residues. Its amino acid composition was very similar to that of the proline-se granules. This protein, however, differed from the "membranous" proline-rich proteins by several criteria. Two minor glycoproteins of the secretory granule content were also found to be rich in proline residues (37 mole%). As with the other proline-rich proteins of the granule, they contained no sulphur-containing amino acids, stained faintly pink with Coomassie Blue and were underestimated by the Lowry method. They differ however, from all the other proline-rich proteins of the granule by having a significantly higher content of threonine, less glycine (9 mole%) and much less glutamic acid (3 mole%). Of the principal proteins, only the deoxyribonuclease and the half-cystine-rich proteins were positively stained by periodic acid Schiff staining. The possible functions of the leucine-rich, the half cystine-rich and the various proline-rich proteins are discussed. PMID- 1125246 TI - An analysis of the D-glucose influx kinetics of in vitro hamster jejunum, based on considerations of the mass-transfer coefficient. AB - 1. A study designed specifically to investigate the effects of unstirred layers on the apparent glucose-influx kinetics of hamster jejunum was conducted. 2. The apparent V was 12.81, 10.71, 9.75, 10.17 and 9.33 mumol/cm-2 - h while the apparent Km was 7.42, 3.95, 1.87, 0.93 and 0.5 mM, respectively, when the rate of shaking the incubation flasks was 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 cycles/min. 3. Extrapolation of the slope and reciprocal intercept of Lineweaver-Burke plots of the data to infinite shaking rate is mathematically justified to yield the slope and intercept of a Lineweaver-Burk plot which is uncomplicated by unstirred layers. These extrapolations were found to have a regression coefficient = 1 when plotted as (intercept)-1 or slope = b0 + b1b-(shake)-2 where b = 2.764 for the slope plot and 6.626 for the (intercept)-1 plot. From the values of b0 one obtains a Km of 0.41 and a V 0f 0.35 which should represent the true kinetic parameters for glucose influx into this tissue under the experimental conditions employed. 4. Values of the theoretical flux expected on a basis of unstirred layer thickness which was calculated from the relation Cb (for J = V/2) = Km + 0.5 V/Kd agreed with the experimental values of J in some instances but the 95% confidence interval of the theoretical and experimental values did not overlap in many instances at low shaking rates and low concentrations of glucose. 5. A factor theta representing the error between the theoretical and experimental values was found to fit the relationship 1n(theoretical J) = - 3.8 + 5.77 (1/theta) with a regression coefficient of 0.98 and was proposed to be due to one or more of the following parameters: (1) a villus tip to base gradient of transport (influx) activity; (2) a dependence of brush-border influx area on substrate concentration in the bulk incubation media; and (3) an end-product inhibition of the overall transport rate. 6. It is apparent from the data that the flux of glucose across the unstirred layer is ordinarily the rate-limiting step in the trans-brush-border transport of this sugar by hamster jejunum when less than saturating concentrations of glucose are used. At high shaking rates the contribution of the unstirred layer is reduced. PMID- 1125247 TI - A comparison of intact human red blood cells and resealed and leaky ghosts with respect to their interactions with surface labelling agents and proteolytic enzymes. AB - Resealed ghosts and intact red blood cells were directly compared with respect to their interactions with surface proteins by 4.4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS) and by pyridoxal phosphate-borohydride (as seen after sodium dodecylsulfate/acrylamide gel electrophoresis) was substantially the same in cells and resealed ghosts under conditions in which a relatively small change would be apparent. In each membrane system, DIDS labels a protein component of apparent molecular weight 95 000 and pyridoxal phosphate labels the same protein plus three glucoprotein components. The sensitivity of surface proteins and of DIDS and pyridoxal phosphate-labelled sites to pronase was also similar in the cells and resealed ghosts. The glycoproteins were digested, in each case, and the 95 000 (molecular weight) protein was largely split into two proteins of apparent molecular weights 65 000 and 35 000, with both portions containing DIDS and pyridoxal phosphate in the presence of hemoglobin was similar to the labelling of intact cells, provided that the pyridoxal phosphate was present on both the outside and inside of the cells. Virtually all of the major protein components visible by staining on acrylamide gels were labelled. It is concluded that none of the probes could detect any substantial differences in reactivity of proteins of the outer surface of the membrane protein conformation or arrangement occur as a consequence of lysis and resealing of ghosts, that are detectable by the reported procedures. PMID- 1125248 TI - Effects of Tris and histidine on human erythrocytes and conditions influencing their mode of action. AB - 1. The incubation of human erythrocytes in 0.172 M Tris - HCl, pH 7.6 buffer at 37 degrees leads to (1) a pronounced cellular volume increase, (2) a preferential release of Na+, and (3) if continued sufficiently long, hemolysis. These effects are pH dependent and also are influenced to a considerable degree by such diverse reagents as NaC glucose, and histidine. In each instance, increasing levels of the latter compounds in a Tris - HCl incubation mixture led to diminished cellular volume increase and prolonged time of onset of hemolysis. 2. Histidine solutions of 0.31 M, pH 7.5 caused a rapid and dramatic decrease in cellular volume of human erythrocytes and a concomitant rapid exit of cations. However, in a prolonged incubation, human erythrocytes slowly regained their cell volume as a result of histidine entry into the cell. Of considerable interest: Tris swollen cells undergo immediate shrinkage to far below the initial cell volume when incubated in histidine at 37 degrees C. Through repetition of this process two additional times, as much as 90-95% of the total cellular Na+ and K+ was removed without hemolysis. 3. Human erythrocytes washed in 0.12 M MgCl2 and then suspended in 0.31 M histidine, pH 7.5, lost upwards of 60% of their total Na+ and 30% of their total K+ after a 40 min incubation at 37 degrees C. However, when increasing amounts of 0.172 M Tris - HCl, pH 7.6 were added to the histidine suspension of cells, the release of K+ was reduced to 5% but the release of Na+ decreased only to 40% of the total cellular level. On the basis of these observations, it is evident that Tris exerts a preferential activity towards the efflux of Na+ from the human erythrocyte, whereas histidine results in high efflux of K+ and Na+ from the cell. PMID- 1125249 TI - Heterogeneous elevation of amino acid transport rates in pantothenate-and lipid deficient Lactobacillus plantarum. AB - The effect of a pantothenic acid deficiency in Lactobacillus plantarum on the initial rate of amino acid transport was investigated. Although the steady-state accumulation capacity for all amino acids was markedly reduced in pantothenate deficient cells, initial rates of uptake either were not changed (asparagine, alanine, lysine) or were increased (glutamic acid, aspartic acid leucine). The findings suggest that a reduction in membrane lipid content heterogeneously affects the operation and/or synthesis of amino acid transport catalysts. PMID- 1125250 TI - Regulation of an aspartyl-tRNA species in BHK cells in culture and in solid tumor form. PMID- 1125251 TI - Application of pulse radiolysis to the study of drug interactions with biological macromolecules. AB - Pulse radiolysis has been used to study the interactions of a variety of small molecules with DNA. The diffusion-controlled rate constants for the reactions of e(aq) with dyes, cations and other small molecules including radioprotectors and radiosensitizers, were found to decrease remarkably upon association with DNA. These kinetic data can be used to quantitate the degree and extent of such interactions. This technique may have wide practical application for the in situ study of many small molecule-macromolecule associations, under physiological conditions. PMID- 1125253 TI - De novo synthesis and developmental control of the multiple gene-controlled malate dehydrogenase isozymes in maize scutella. AB - In maize, both soluble and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases (L-malate:NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37)exist in multiple molecular forms (isozymes). Biochemical studies and genetic analysis showed that the maize malate dehydrogenase isozymes are not interconvertable conformational forms of a single gene product. Instead, they are determined by multiple genes which may reside on different chromosomes. Therefore, developmental expression of the various malate dehydrogenase isoqymes was studied. During early development of the sporophyte (dry kernel to 10 days of germination), the total malate dehydrogenase activity in scutella increases through the first 5 days, peaks about the 6th day and decreases gradually thereafter. Both soluble and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase isozymes exhibit similar activity profiles; however, the total mitochondrial malate dehydro genase activity is only 60% of that in the cytosol. Density labeling experiments and atempts to detect the possible existence of "inactive malate dehydrogenase precursors" were performed. The results show that both soluble and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase are synthesized in the scutella during germination and early growth of young maize seedlings. Accumulation of the maize malate dehydrogenase isozymes is probably controlled by synthesis as well as degradation instead of activation and inactivation of enzyme moieties. Correlation between the developmental pattern of the scutellar malate dehydrogenase isozymes and the physiological conditions of the young maize seedlings is discussed. PMID- 1125252 TI - Biochemical aspects of the visual process. XXVII. Stereospecificity of ocular retinol dehydrogenases and the visual cycle. AB - A comparative study is made of the stereospecificity of two particulate retinol dehydrogenases from bovine eyes and of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. The particulate retinol dehydrogenase of outer segments reacts with the all-trans isomers of retinaldehyde and retinol but not with the 11-cis compounds. In contrast, a particulate retinol dehydrogenase present in pigment epithelium reacts preferentially with the 11-cis compounds. Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1.) can convert both isomers, but the all-trans isomers are clearly preferred. Differences with regard to cofactor preference and stability are also noted. The outer segment enzyme clearly functions in the rhodopsin cycle. It is unlikely that the 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase from pigment epithelium is directly involved in providing 11-cis retinaldehyde from rhodopsin regeneration, but it may serve to make available 11-cis retinaldehyde from rhodopdsin, digested in phagocytized rod sacs, for the synthesis of visual pigment by the visual cells. PMID- 1125254 TI - The preparation of several new nylon tube-glucose oxidase derivatives and their incorporation into the "reagentless" automated analysis of glucose. AB - Nylon tube was activated by alkylation with dimethyl sulfate and used for the immobilization of glucose oxidase. Lysine, hexamethylene diamine and polyethylene imine were also attached to activated nylon tube, and these nylon tube-spacer derivatives were reactivated with either glutaraldehyde or ethyl adipimidate for the subsequent coupling of glucose oxidase. The activities of all of the different nylon tube-glucose oxidase derivatives were compared by their incorporation into standard Technicon automated analysis systems. Activities were measured either spectrophotometrically, by following the production of hydrogen peroxide using an acid/KI assay, or polarographically by following the decrease in the oxygen concentration using a flow-through oxygen electrode assembly. The activity and stability of all of the nylon tube-glucose oxidase derivatives was such that their use in the routine estimation of glucose levels was an attractive proposition. PMID- 1125255 TI - Asparagusate dehydrogenases and lipoyl dehydrogenase from asparagus mitochondria. AB - 1. Lipoyl dehydrogenase (NADH: lipoamide oxidoreductase, ED 1.6.4.3) and two asparagusate dehydrogenases from asparagus mitochondria were purified by a series of steps, freezing and thawing, sodium dodecylsulfate extraction, and chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose. 2. Lipoyl dehydrogenase was highly specific for alpha-lipoic acid, which could not be replaced at all by asparagusic acid. Each of the asparagusate dehydrogenases was capable of reducing both asparagusic and alpha-lipoic acids by using NADH as hydrogen donor. 3. Reduction of alpha-lipoic cid with NADH by lipoyl dehydrogenase was activated by NAD, but that of asparagusic acid by asparagusate dehydrogenase was inactivated by NAD. 4. Lipoyl dehydrogenase and two asparagusate dehydrogenases differed in electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 1125256 TI - The role of alkalication in formation and decomposition of myosin-ATP complex. AB - The dependence of kinetic constants Km, V(k2) and k1 of myosin-ATPase on the species and concentration of alkali cations and on temperature was investigated. The value of Vvaries with the ionic radius of different alkali cations. The curve has a maximum at 1.33 A at the ionic radius of potassium. The detailed analysis of the cation dependence of the kinetics of the ATPose reaction shows that both formation and decomposition of the complex are affected by the cation present. PMID- 1125257 TI - Regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase synthesis by cinnamic acid. Its implication for the light mediated regulation of the enzyme. AB - 1. There is an increase in the extractable acitivity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase following excision of hypocotyl segments of dark-grown gherkin seedlings This increase is prevented by the reaction product, cinnamin acid. 2. Density labelling experiments show that cinnamic acid affects the rate of enzyme synthesis. By contrast the regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity by light has previously been shown to involve activation of existing inactive enzyme. 3. It is proposed that regulation of synthesis by reaction products represents a mechanism for controlling the size of the pool of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and that the activity of this pool is regulated by light. PMID- 1125258 TI - Metabolism of N-carbobenzoxyl-L-tryptophan by Chromobacterium violaceum. AB - Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 12472) metabolizes N-carbobenzoxyl-L-tryptophan into its 2', 3'-dehydro-derivative, and indole-3-propionic acid into indole-3 acrylic acid. The biotransformation accurs in resting cell incubations, and in growing cultures of the bacterium. Tryptophan in fermentation media enhances the ability of Chromobacterium violaceum to perform the conversion by an undetermined mechanism. The amino acid also prevents stored cultures from losing the ability to accomplish the biotransformation. The reaction apparently requires oxygen, and preliminary experiments suggest that it is catalyzed by a dehydrogenase. PMID- 1125259 TI - Hyaluronic acid salt--a mechanoelectrical transducer. AB - Hyaluronic acid transduces a very gentle pressure into an electrical potential. Such pressure, depending on its direction, changes the optical rotary dispersion properties of the salt, either increasing the rotation in the direction already shown by the unpressured salt or changing and increasing the rotation in the opposite direction. These finding have implications for understanding the function of the cochlear and vestibular fluids, renal function, and the approximation to frictionless motion of normal joints. PMID- 1125260 TI - Interactions between the macromolecule and the gradient-forming solute in isopycnic sedimentation. AB - Interactions between the macromolecules and the gradient-forming solute in isopycnic sedimentation equilibrium experiments affect the distribution of the macromolecules in a number of ways. A description is given of the effects that may be expected, and some recently reported results are interpreted in the light of these. Suggestions are made for the recognition of such interactions, and for their possible effects, both good and bad, on experimental results. PMID- 1125261 TI - Transferrin in the reticulocyte cytosol. AB - Radioactive iodine-labeled iron-saturated human transferrin was shown to enter the cytosol of rabbit reticulocytes but not erythrocytes, and to be combined therein with a small "carrier" material not identical to the membrane transferrin receptor. PMID- 1125262 TI - NMR study of -17-O from H2-17-O in human erythrocytes. AB - Human erythrocytes were incubated in a Ringer's solution enriched with 10--18 per cent H2-17-O. The longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of the -17-O was determined separately in samples of red cell suspensions, packed cells, and supernatant. The longitudinal relaxation of -17-O in erythrocyte suspensions was non exponential, reflecting water exchange across the cell membranes as well as relaxation processes inside and outside the cell. The T1 of intracellular -17-O is 4--5 times shorter than in the supernatant, similar to the enhancement of proton relaxation by hemoglobin in erythrocytes and free solution at the frequency applied (8.13 MHz). This datum is consistent with tht thesis that hemoglovin modifies the NMR relaxation behavior of water inside cells and in free solution in the same way. The rate constant (kx) for water exchange was calculated to be 60 and 107 s- minus 1 at 25 and at 37 degrees C, respectively. The apparent activation energy for kx over the temperature range 23--37 degrees C was 8.7 plus or minus 1.0 kcal/mole. PMID- 1125263 TI - Water in normal muscle and muscle with a tumor. AB - The total water content, the amount of non-freezable water, and the Na-+ and K-+ contents in the gastrocnemius muscle of albino mice with and without a solid tumor were determined. The spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) for the water protons in the two kinds of muscle were measured at six resonance frequencies ranging from 4.5 to 60 MHz over the temperature range +37 to minus 65 degrees C. Quantitatively calculated T1 values are given. The difference in T1 for the two types of muscle at temperatures above minus 5 degrees C is attributed to the difference in the distribution ratio of water between hydration and free states, and bears no direct relation to the concentration of Na-+. PMID- 1125264 TI - Stimulation of brain adenylate cyclase activity by the undecapeptide substance P and its modulation by the calcium ion. AB - Synthetic substance P stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in particulate preparations from rat and human brain. The concentration of substance P for half maximal stimulation in rat brain was 1.8-10-minus 7 M. The stimulatory effect of substance P on the rat brain adenylate cyclase activity was 88% compared with 48% by noradrenalin, 163% by prostaglandin E1 and 184% by prostaglandin E2. Both the basal and substance P-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in rat brain were inhibited by concentration of Ca-2+ above 10-minus 6 M. The chelating agent ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid at a concentration of 0.1 mM reduced the basal adenylate cyclase activity by 64% and eliminated the substance P-stimulated activity. The inhibition by ethyleneglycol bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid was completely reversed by increasing concentrations of Ca-2+. PMID- 1125265 TI - Studies on the relationship of hepatic anion-binding proteins and sulfobromophthalein-glutathione conjugation in normal and phenobarbital-treated rats. AB - The enzyme activity which conjugates sulfobromophthalein with glutathione was separated from rat liver supernate by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and assayed by two different methods; paper electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. The enzyme activity was found mainly in the second protein fraction, and less than 5% of the activity in the first or third protein fractions. In vitro mixtures of sulfobromophthalein, [3-H]glutathione and rat liver supernate showed that the major part of [3-H]glutathione was detected in the first and second protein fractions, and the remainder in the third protein fraction. Phenobarbital treatment caused an increase of the enzyme activity, sulfobromophthalein and [3 H]glutathione, in the second protein fraction. PMID- 1125266 TI - Subcellular fractionation of pig platelets. AB - Subcellular components were obtained from pig platelets, disrupted by means of a French press and separated into 4 primary fractions. The granule fraction (10 000 g) was subjected to a sucrose gradient fractionation. Primary fractions and the granule subfractions were studied electron microscopically and biochemically by following the distribution of markers of membranes, lysosomes or alpha-granules, mitochondria and dense granules. With this technique of platelet homogenization, 80% of the serotonin and 93% of the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase were found to be particulate. In the gradient, mitochondria were sharply banded in a fraction (density 1.16--1.17) having a specific activity 10--100 times higher than the other fractions of the gradient. Serotonin-containing granules were found in a pellet of density greater than 1.27 and contained 60% of the serotonin and adenine nucleotides of the granule fraction. The lysosome markers that were monitored, acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, exhibited different distribution patterns. Acid phosphatase showed the highest specific activity in the microsomal fraction with only 2.8% in the granule fraction, and this latter amount also appeared to be associated with membranes upon further fractionation. Beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was present in both the granule fraction and in the microsomal fraction with nearly the same specific activity. However, that present in the granule fraction was clearly associated with granules that distributed over a wide range of densities on a sucrose gradient. The calcium distribution was followed to attempt to determine its subcellular location; 19% was found in the same subfraction as the serotonin-containing granules, but at least 50% of the particulate calcium was associated with granules distinctly separate from the storage granules. PMID- 1125267 TI - Composition of cartilage from lysozyme-deficient rabbits. AB - Costal and auricular cartilage obtained from mutant rabbits exhibiting lysozyme deficiency has been found to be identical to similar tissue from control animals in a variety of biochemical parameters. These data seriously question the putative role of lysozyme as a structural component of cartilage. PMID- 1125268 TI - Thermally induced conformational changes of tobacco mosaic virus and their protein assemblies. AB - The measurement of the fluorescence intensity of tryptophan residues showed that a reversible transition in the local structure took place between 20 degrees C and 30c in intact virus particles and reconstituted protein assemblies of the ordinary strain and the tomato strain of tobacco mosaic virus. During this transition the overall polymer structure was maintained. In the case of the bean strain of tobacco mosaic virus, however, the fluorescence intensity did not show any transition in the same temperature range. Such a difference between different strains gave some information on the location of tryptophan residues possibly involved in the local structure change. The fluorescence polarization of intact virus particles showed no change in the whole temperature range, but the polarization of the reconstituted protein assembly of the ordinary strain showed a transition at the same temperature as the fluorescence intensity. This suggested a difference in the freedom of the local structure between intact virus particles and reconstituted protein assemblies. Oligomers of these virus proteins were stable up to 45c and above this temperature, began to make an irreversible transition where the secondary structure of the monomer was partially broken but the oligomer structure was retained. PMID- 1125269 TI - Circular dichroism study of the conformation of ultraviolet-irradiated ribonuclease A. AB - RNAase A irradiated by ultraviolet light at 254 nm shows a linear dependence between loss of activity and destruction of cystine. At least one of the cystine modified forms in irradiated RNAase is catalytically active. Circular dichroism spectra of irradiated RNAase show a marked decrease in ellipticity between 210 nm and 230 nm, an increased ellipticity between 230 nm and 240 nm, and a blue shift of the 210-nm minimum toward 205 nm. These circular dichroism changes indicate a pariial disorganization of the native secondary and tertiary changes with irradiation. The temperature dependency of the circular dichroism shows the irradiated enzyme to be conformationally less stable to thermal perturbation than native RNAase. Differences in the polypeptide conformations of unirradiated RNAase denatured by heat and sodium dodecylsulfate, and irradiated RNAase treated with heat and sodium dodecylsulfate are discussed. PMID- 1125270 TI - On the presence of a heat-stable, macromolecular inhibitor of the thrombin fibrinogen reaction in rat liver microsomes and its separation from prothrombin. AB - By concentrating sonicates from rat liver microsomes containing prothrombin, the activity as measured by the one-stage prothrombin assay (Hjort, P., Rapaport, S. J. and Owren, P. A.(1965), J. Lab. Clin. Med. 46, 89-97) gradually decreased. Nearly a complete loss of prothrombin activity was found in sonicates being concentrated 10-fold. By adsorption of prothrombin on barium citrate and dissolving the precipitate in a solution of sodium citrate. NaCl and EDTA followed by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-50 column, the inhibitory effect on the bioassay of prothrombin disappeared. An inhibitor of the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction could be isolated from the supernatant after adsorption of prothrombin on barium citrate. The inhibitor was excluded from a Sephadex G-50 column equilibrated with 4 M NaCl in veronal buffer (pH 7.4) and was heat stable (70 degrees C for 10 min). No proteolytic or antitrypsin activity could be detected in the inhibitor preparation. The importance of removing the inhibitor of the microsomal sonicates prior to any bioassay of coagulation factors based on the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction is emphasized. PMID- 1125271 TI - 2,3-Dioxo-5-indolinesulfonic acid, a new highly specific reagent for modification of tryptophan in peptides and proteins. AB - A new reagent, 2,3-dioxo-5-indolinesulfonic acid (DISA), has been investigated for its specificity to react with tryptophan and tryptophan residues in peptides and proteins. On reaction of 19 amino acids with 1 M excess of DISA in 0.1 M acetic acid (pH 2.9), considerable (50%) modification of tryptophan was obtained within 50 min and no other amino acid was modified. After reaction for 5 h, only proline showed very slight (7%) modification. On reaction in the presence of 5 M excess of DISA, tryptophan was very rapidly modified. Modification of proline became appreciable in the presence of this molar excess of reagent and cysteine modification, although much smaller, became detectable (12 h, 7%). However, proline modification was completely prevented when this amino acid was engaged in a peptide linkage, even after reaction for 45 h in the presence of 5 or 10 M excess of DISA per proline residue. Reaction of egg albumin with 50 M excess of DISA was entirely specific for tryptophan and showed no modification of proline or cysteine residues. The reagent offers the advantages of stability, easy handling, high water solubility and high specificity. It affords protein and peptide derivatives that are completely water soluble because of the polar nature of the added group. The yellow color (lambda max, 367 nm) of the derivatives offers advantages of easy determination of the extent and location of the modification. PMID- 1125272 TI - Some lysine-containing peptides from the elastase digest of elastin and their relation to lysinonorleucine cross-link. PMID- 1125273 TI - N-terminal amino acid sequence of trypsinogen from the lesser rorqual, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Cetacea). Simultaneous isolation of trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and ribonuclease from pancreas. PMID- 1125274 TI - The amino acid substitution in Hb Olmsted: beta141 (H19) leucine yields arginine. PMID- 1125275 TI - The helical content of zein, a water insoluble protein, in non-aqueous solvents. AB - The conformation of zein, a seed protein from corn, was determined by optical rotary dispersion measurements in a wide variety of nonaqueous solvents. Over a wide range of dielectric constants, in pure and mixed solvent systems, the helical content was independent of dielectric constant. Determination of the helical content of insulin and ribonuclease in several of these solvents indicated a variation in secondary structure comparable of that of zein. Though virtually insoluble in water, zein not only is a globular protein in nonaqueous solutions, but has conformational properites characteristic of more conventionally behaving globular proteins. PMID- 1125276 TI - Mossbauer spectra of bicarbonate-free ferric-transferrin complex. AB - The bicarbonate-free ferric-transferrin complex was investigated by Mossbauer Spectroscopy under anaerobic conditions. No evidence of specific binding was found. The spectral results indicates that the apparent binding is due to the formation of antiferromagnetic ferric hydroxide polymers which are firmly attached to the transferrin molecule. Specific binding would only occur in the presence of bicarbonate or other low molecular weight chelators. PMID- 1125277 TI - Characterization of trypsin and elastase from the moose (Alces alces). I. Amino acid composition and specificity towards polypeptides. AB - Trypsin and elastase isolated from the pancreas of the moose (Alces alces), a member of the Cervidae (deer) family, were characterized with respect to their amino acid composition and specificity towards polypeptides. Moose trypsin possessed 234 residues, based on alanine recoveries equal to 16.0 residues, with a molecular weight calculated at 24 476. Moose trypsin readily hydrolysed peptide bonds in which the carbonyl group was contributed by arginine, lysine and S-2 aminoethylcysteine as indicated by the peptides isolated following hydrolysis of the oxidized and the S-aminoethylated B-chain of insulin. Moose elastase possessed 231 residues, based on alanine recoveries equal to 17.0 residues, with a molecular weight calculated as 24 201. The high lysine (9 residues), low arginine (3 residues) content was in contrast to the opposite situation with porcine elastase and the elastase-like, alpha-lytic protease from Sorangium. The hydrolysis of the oxidized B-chain of insulin by moose elastase was similar to that produced by porcine elastase with major cleavages occurring at Val-12-Glu 13, Ala-14-Leu-15 and Val-18-Cys(O-3H)-19 and minor cleavages occurring at Ser-9 His-10 and Arg-21-Gly-22. The hydrolysis of glucagon with moose elastase produced major cleavages at Thr-7-Ser-8, Ser-11-Lys-12, Val-23-Gln-24 and Leu-26-Met-27. The facile hydrolysis of Arg-17-Arg-18 was also observed and attributed, in part, to trypsin. PMID- 1125278 TI - The disociation of bovine factor V and isolation of the acitivated form. AB - Bovine Factor V disociated non-enzymatically to 276 000 dalton, whereas, the enzymatic activation produced Factor Va of 213 500 daltons. The disociated form, Factor Vd, was not an enzyme substrate for conversion to Factor Va. Factors V and Va sedimented in a density zone of 1.19 g/ml, and Factor Vd in 1.17 g/ml, in sucrose gradient centrifugation. Only a neutral lipid in a 7.2% yield could be extracted from Factor Va which had been isolated in a 4500-fold purification. PMID- 1125279 TI - Circular dichroism of erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins. AB - The circular dichroism spectra were obtained for purified equine, human and bovine membrane glycoproteins, which have 40, 55 and 70% carbohydrate, respectively. The spectra in aqueous buffer show similar shapes, maxima and minima but somewhat different peak amplitudes. Analysis of the spectra indicated that the glycoproteins can be pictured as existing primarily in an unordered form in dilute aqueous buffer with small amounts of alpha-helix (13-23%) present. In 2 chloroethanol, a helix-promoting solvent, the amount of alpha-helix is increased to 60-70%. The glycoproteins underwent denaturation in guanidine hydrochloride, although evidence of some residual structure did remain. The spectra of the glycoproteins change relatively little on going from aqueous buffer to dodecylsulfate solutions. Removal of 60% of the sialic acid does not induce significant conformational alterations. The anomalous behavior of the glycoproteins during molecular weight determinations does not appear to be related primarily to conformational restrictions on the polypeptide chain. PMID- 1125280 TI - Oxygen equilibrium and subunit aggregation of a holothurian hemoglobin. AB - The hemoglobin of the sea cucumber Cucumaria miniata Brandt has a mol. wt of about 36000 in the oxy- form with a s20,w equal to 2.9 and a subunit molecular weight of 18000 by sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. This pigment aggregates when deoxygenated to an oligomer with a s20,w equal to 4.7, an aggregation which is reversible upon subsequent oxygenation. The hemoglobin shows a sigmoid binding equilibrium with "n" equal to 1.8 and a decrease in oxygen affinity with an increase in pigment concentration. This hemoglobin is compared with other hemoglobins showing oxygenation-linked subunit aggregation. PMID- 1125281 TI - Properties of Ascaris muscle mitochondria. 1. Cytochromes. AB - 1. The cytochrome system in Ascaris muscle mitochondria was further characterized using purer preparations. 2. Difference spectra (at 22 degrees C and -196 degrees C) of the mitochondrial preparations using succinate and ascorbate plus N,N,N' ,N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine show that Ascaris muscle mitochondria contain cytochromes c1, c and aa3, and also at least three b-type cytochromes. The b-type cytochrome is the predominant component. 3. Cytochrome c and Ascaris cytochrome b 560 can be extracted from the mitochondrial preparations with 150mM KCl, leaving the membrane-bound cytochromes c1, b and aa3 in the KCl residue. PMID- 1125282 TI - The kinetics and specificity of electron transfer from cytochromes and copper proteins to P700. AB - The rates of electron transfer to P700 from plastocyanin and cytochrome f have been compared with those from three other c-type cytochromes and azurin, a copper protein resembling plastocyanin. Three different disruptive techniques were used to expose P700; digitonin, Triton X-100 and sonication. The following rate constants were measured at 25 degrees C, pH 7.0, with digitonin-treated chloroplasts: plastocyanin, 8 x 10(7)M(-1) x s(-1); red-algal cytochrome c-553, 1.9 x 10(7)M(-1) x s (-1); Pseudomonas cytochrome c-551, 8 x 10(6)M(-1) x s (-1); azurin, less than or = 3 x 10(5)M(-1) x s (-1); cytochrome f, less than or = 2 x 10(4)M(-1) x s (-1); mammalian cytochrome c, less than or = 2 x 10(4)M(-1) x s ( 1). For electron transfer from plastocyanin, the effects of ionic strength, pH and temperature were also studied, and saturation effects found in earlier work were avoided by a full consideration of the various secondary reactions and inclusion of superoxide dismutase. The relative rates are discussed in relation to photosynthetic electron transport. PMID- 1125283 TI - Electron transport in an in vitro-reconstituted bacterial photophosphorylating system. AB - Photooxidation of endogenous cytochrome(s) c, photoreduction of endogenous chrome(s) b and photobleaching of bacteriochlorophyll have been demonstrated in an in vitro reconstituted system, previously demonstrated to support photophosphorylation. The kinetic responses of these redox reactions to substrate and antimycin A in these particle are characteristic of electron transport processes and stronglysupport the contention that all, or a part of, the oxidative phosphorylation electron transport pathway can be coupled to reaction center, photopigment complex in a manner which supports photophosphorylation. In addition, a succinate-supported light dependent reduction of NAD+ was found. PMID- 1125284 TI - Light-induced de-epoxidation of violaxanthin in lettuce chloroplasts. IV. The effects of electron-transport conditions on violaxanthin availability. AB - 1. In isolated chloroplasts of Lactuca sativa var. Manoa, the size of the violaxanthin fraction which is available for de-epoxidation is not directly dependent on electron transport but rather related to the reduced level of some electron carrier between the photosystems. This is concluded from the effects of various electron-transport conditions on violaxanthin availability: Under conditions of electron transport through both photosystems, availability was saturated at a lower electron-transport rate with actinic light at 670 than at 700 nm. Under conditions of electron transport through Photosystem I, availability was smaller for linear electron flow from reduced N methylphenazonium methosulfate via methylviologen to oxygen than from cyclic electron flow mediated by either N-methylphenazonium methosulfate or 2,6 dichlorophenolindophenol; in addition for linear flow from reduced N methyphenazonium methosulfate via methylviologen to oxygen, availability increased with decreasing light intensity. 2. The postulated carrier whose reduced level is related to availability seems to be some carrier between plastoquinone and the primary acceptor of Photosystem II or plastoquinone itself. This conclusion follows from the fact that availability increased with increasing light intensity under conditions of electron flow through both photosystems and that 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (greater than or equal to 1 mu M) had no effect on availability, whereas low levels of 3, 3-(3',4' dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea resulted in decreased availability (50 percent decrease at 1 mu M). Furthermore, availability in 3,3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea-poisoned chloroplasts was fully restored by 2-methyl-1,4 naphtoquinone (menadione) which mediates cyclic electron flow through plastoquinone. 3. Violaxanthin availability was zero in the dark and increased in the light to maximum of 67 percent of the total violazanthin in chloroplasts. It is proposed that this variable violaxanthin availability reflects conformational changes on the internal surface of the thylakoid membrane which result in variable exposure of violaxanthin to the de-epoxidase. The fact that not all of the violaxanthin was available for de-epoxidation may indicate a heterogenous distribution of violaxanthin in the membrane. PMID- 1125285 TI - Fluorescent kinetics of chlorophyll in photosystems I and II enriched fractions of spinach. AB - The fluorescent emission kinetics of spinach subchloroplast Photosystems I and II particles have been studied on a picosecond time scale. Using picosecond laser pulses and an optical Kerr gate, the fluorescent decay times are measured to be 60 plus or minus 10 ps, and 200 plus or minus 20 ps for Photosystems I and II, respectively. The quantum yields are calculated to be 0.004 for Photosystem I and 0.013 for Photosystem II. Theory of exciton energy transfer and trapping is applied for the determination of intermolecular potential energyin the photosystems. PMID- 1125286 TI - Analysis of anaerobic fluorescence decay in Scenedesmus obliquus. AB - With reduction of System II acceptors during dark anaerobic adaptation in Scenedesmus obliquus fluorescence yield rises to a maximum value in two distinct transitions. Subsequent illumination results in a decay of fluorescence yield with the following characteristics: 1. In low intensity light it is independent of temperature and is an expression of light reaction I. 2. In high intestity light it reflects the dark limiting step in the reoxidation mechanism of System II primary acceptors. 3. There is strong inhibition by agents known to block electron transport between the two systems. 4. At light limiting conditions decay kinetics include an initial delay phase and thereafter close to second order behaviour. 5. Following a single brief saturating flash a maximum of 80% quenching is restored and a second flash yields approx. 95% restoration. Comparison with the fluorescence rise in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) 1, 1-dimethylurea suggests that the decay reflects transfer of one positive charge from System I to the primary System II acceptor with the intermediary carrier pool remaining reduced. PMID- 1125287 TI - [Cytochrome b-559 photooxidation in the presence of carbonyl cyanide p trifluorometh-oxyphenylhydrazone and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p benzoquinone or p-benzoquinone in three non-photosynthetic mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardti (author's transl)]. AB - Studies of absorbance related to the cytochrome b-559 photooxidation induced by FCCP, with and without addition of 3-p-chlorophenyl-1, 1-dimethylurea (CMU), DBMIB or p-benzoquinone, in whole cells and in chloroplast fragments of Chlamydomonas reinhardti, were carried out. In addition to the wild type, three strains of non-photosynthetic mutants were used: Fl 5, which lacks P 700; Fl 9 and Fl 15, which are deficient in bound cytochrome c-553 and in cytochrome b-563. In the presence of FCCP, whole cells and chloroplast fragments of the four strains showed a System II-dependent photooxidation of cytochrome b-559. This photooxidation was inhibited by CMU but it occurred again in presence of FCCP, CMU and DBMIB. In chloroplast fragments, cytochrome b-559 photooxidation was also inhibited by an excess of FCCP; it was recovered, likewise, by addition of DBMIB. In whole cells, the highest measured redox changes were: 1 mu mol oxidized cytochrome b-559 per 1 mmol chlorophyll, corresponding approximately to about one seventh (wild type, Fl5) or one fifth (Fl 9, Fl 15) of the total amount of this cytochrome. Another kind of cytochrome b-559 photooxidation, CMU-insensitive, also occurred in the mutants Fl 9 and Fl 15 and in the wild type, but not in the mutant Fl 5. This latter kind of photooxidation was observed with chloroplast fragments in the presence of FCCP and CMU and also with whole cells in the presence of FCCP, CMU and p-benzoquinone. These reactions can be attributed to the Photosystem I; they do not require the intervention of the cytochrome c-553. A high-potential form of cytochrome b-559, hydroquinone-reducible, was involved in these two kinds of photooxidation. In addition, a lower potential form, reducible only by ascorbate, appeared to be able to interfere also. An interpretation is attempted, taking into consideration the various effects of FCCP and DBMIB, at different concentrations, on photosynthetic electron transport. PMID- 1125288 TI - Energy-dependent accumulation of iron by isolated rat liver mitochondria. IV. Relationship to the energy state of the mitochondria. AB - 1. The energy-dependent accumulation of iron by isolated rat liver mitochondria, respiring on endogenous substrates, is strongly dependent on the efficiency of energy coupling in the respiratory chain as measured by respiratory control with ADP and the endogenous energy dissipation. The accumulation reached a saturation level at respiratory control with ADP values (with succinate as the substrate) of approx. 4.0. 2. In the presence of exogenous substrate, the energy-dependent accumulation of iron was markedly reduced, primarily due to binding of iron as carboxylate complexes having less favourable constants than the iron (III) sucrose complex(es). 3. The effect of added ATP was at least 2-fold, i.e. that of providing energy and that of chelating iron. When the mitochondria respired on endogenous substrate, the energy-dependent accumulation of iron increased at low concentrations of ATP, whereas higher concentrations (greater than 50 mu M) gradually inhibited the uptake. 4. Energization of the mitochondria by the generation of an artificial K-+ gradient across the inner membrane with valinomycin in a K-+-free medium increased the energy-dependent accumulation iron. PMID- 1125289 TI - Energy-dependent accumulation of iron by isolated rat liver mitochondria. V. Effect of factors controlling respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. AB - 1. Depending on the metabolic state, the addition of iron(III)-sucrose induces an inhibition or a stimulation of the respiration rate when added to isolated rat liver mitochondria. 2. Under conditions identical to those used in the accumulation studies (Romslo, I. and Flatmark T. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 305, 29-40), the ferric complex induces a decrease in the oxygen uptake concomitant to an oxidation of cytochromes c (+c1) and a(+a3). These results suggest that ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron by the respiratory chain prior to or simultaneously with its energy-dependent accumulation. 3. On the other hand, the addition of iron(III)-sucrose induces a stimulation of respiration in State 4 and State 3 provided Mg-2+ is present in the suspending medium. In contrast to Ca-2+, iron stimulates State 4 respiration in a cyclic process only within narrow concentration limits; at concentrations of iron above 100 mu M the respiration remains in the activated state until anaerobiosis. The stimulation of State 4 respiration is more pronounced with succinate than with NAD-linked substrates, a difference which partly may be attributed to a stimulation of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. 4. The stimulation of respiration by iron is approx. 3 times higher in State 3 than in State 4 and this difference can be attributed to a stimulation of the adenine mucleotide exchange reaction in State 3 with a concomitant increase in the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, although the P/O ration is slightly diminished. PMID- 1125290 TI - Mechanism of action of agents which uncouple oxidative phosphorylation: direct correlation between proton-carrying and respiratory-releasing properties using rat liver mitochondria. AB - The proton-carrying properties of uncoupling agents were investigated by measuring passive mitochondrial swelling under conditions where electrogenic proton transport was rate limiting. The ability of uncoupling agents to transport protons into mitochondria, measured in this way, was compared with respiratory stimulation. The results show that with the single exception of arsenate, all agents tested which uncouple oxidative phosphorylation demonstrate a very close correlation between release of respiration and proton transport. These findings are in support of Mitchell's original proposal that uncoupling agents act by promoting electrogenic hydrogen ion transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane. PMID- 1125291 TI - Circular polarization of fluorescence of chlorophyll in solution and in native structures. AB - Chlorophyll dimers in solution, subchlorplast particles and chloroplasts were investigated by their circular dichroism and circular polarization of their fluorescence, which reflect their optical rotatory power in the ground state and electronically excited state, respectively. The chlorophyll dimers in fluid solution lose their optical activity upon electronic excitation, reflecting a marked concomitant change in the structure of the dimers. This change is arrested in a solution of very high viscosity. The pronounced difference between the circular polarization of the dimers in fluid media and that of subchloroplast particles and chloroplasts indicates that the former are not suitable models for associated chlorophyll in native structures in electronically excited states. Impairment of the photochemical activity of chloroplasts by heat treatment is accompanied by a reduction of the circular polarization of the fluorescence, which probably reflects a disorganization in structure. The same extent of circular polarization was observed in the fluorescence of chloroplasts regardless whether the reaction centers are open or closed; thus either the same molecules are emitting in the two cases or, if different molecules emit, they are packed in a similar way. PMID- 1125292 TI - [Independence of special forms of chloeophyll a and chlorophyll holochromes]. AB - Zea mays L. seedlings were cultivated for 10 days with submission to 4 s illumination periods interspersed with dark periods varying in length from 30 min to 6 h depending on the lot analyzed. The results show that, for the case in which the dark periods were shorter than 1 h, the relative proportions of different spectroscopic chlorophyll forms (maxima at 662, 670, 677.5, and 684 nm) were constant. For longer durations of darkness between illuminations, the relative proportion of the form Da670 increases, while that of Ca684 diminishes with the length of darkness; to a lesser extent, the relative proportion of Ca662 increases and a form Ca692 disappears. A scheme is proposed to explain the evolution of the relative proportions of the different spectral forms. The different chlorophyll holochromes present in the chloroplasts were also analysed. If the dark period was longer than 1 h, chlorophyll was associated with peptide chains of molecular weights 21 000 and 29 000. If the dark period was shorter than 1 h chlorophyll was associated with four peptide chains of molecular weights 21 000, 25 000, 29 000 and 70 000. The results taken together demonstrate that a given spectral chlorophyll a form cannot be associated with a definite chlorophyll holochrome. PMID- 1125293 TI - Silicomolybdate and silicotungstate mediated dichlorophenyldimethylurea insensitive photosystem II reaction: electron flow, chlorophyll a fluorescence and delayed light emission changes. AB - We have investigated the possible role of silicomolybdate and silicotungstate as acceptors of electrons in chloroplasts directly from Q, the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II. Our data show: 1. Either of these compounds can accept electrons directly from Q in a 3-(3', 4'-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (DCMU)-insensitive electron transport; however, the DCMU insensitivity is only short-lived, so initial rates must be used exclusively. 2. High concentrations of these silico compounds act as direct chemical quenchers of chlorophyll a fluorescence, but lower concentrations which also mediate O2 evolution affect only the variable component of fluorescence in a manner suggestive of their electron-accepting capabilities. 3. Measurements of delayed light emission confirm the conclusions made from the fluorescence data. Also, they show the role of Q in delayed light emission as hydroxylamine data of other investigations have shown the role of Z, the electron donor of Photosystem II. 4. Silico compounds appear to be acting as electron acceptors and not as simple membrane modifiers allowing other acceptors to support a DCMU-insensitive electron transport. PMID- 1125294 TI - A large photoreactive particle from Chromatium vinosum chromatophores. AB - Large photoreactive particles from Chromatium vinosum are obtained pure and in high yield by using a mixture of detergents at high ionic strength to dissociate the chromatophore membrane. The particles contain all of the secondary electron acceptor of the chromatophores and about half of the cytochrome. Their content of ubiquinone is greatly enridhed as compared with chromatophores. Th individual particles have an estimated molecular weight of between 650,000 and 810,000. Gel electrophoresis of the preparation in sodium dodecylsulfate shows polypeptides with molecular weights of 50-45,000, 30,000, 27,000, 22,000 and 12,000. The 50 45,000 components are cytochromes. The 30,000, 27,000 and 22,000 components may be analogous to the triad of polypeptides present in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides reaction centers. The non-cytochrome components are partly soluble in chloroform/methanol. Aggregates of particles appear in these preparations. Electron microscopy of the aggregates demonstrates rectilinear lattices of isodiametric particles, 120 A in diameter. These sheet-like structures are one unit thick and typically contain 9-16 members. They appear to arise by aggregation during isolation but are probably similar to native aggregates apparent within chromatophores after treatment with detergents at low salt concentration. PMID- 1125295 TI - A new site of bicarbonate effect in photosystem II of photosynthesis: evidence from chlorophyll fluorescence transients in spinach chloroplasts. AB - Recent studies on oxygen evolution of corn chloroplast fragments in flashing light [Stemler, A., Babcock, G.T. and Govindjee (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 71, 4679-4683] have shown that the absence of bicarbonate ions increases the turnover time of the Photosystem II reaction center. The rate limiting steps in Photosystem II turnover can be interpreted in terms of reactions either on the oxidizing (electron donor) or reducing (electron acceptor) side of the reaction center. Experiments are reported here that suggest at least one site of bicarbonate action on the reducing side. In Tris-washed spinach chloroplasts (incapable of O2 evolution), the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in the presence of various artificial electron donors (hydroquinone, diphenylcarbazide, MnCl2 and NH2OH) and in the absence of bicarbonate ions shows a rapid initial rise; the addition of 10 mM NaHCO3 restores the transient to one characteristic of normal chloroplast. Furthermore, the transients measured as a function of decreasing bicarbonate concentrations are qualitatively similar to those observed with increasing concentrations of 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea which imposes a block on the reducing side, rather than to transients observed with increasing concentrations of NH2OH or prolonged heat treatments, which impose a block on the oxidizing side. PMID- 1125296 TI - The absence of an 8-desaturases in rat liver: a reevaluation of optional pathways for the metabolism of linoleic and linolenic acids. AB - 11-[3- -14 C] Octadecenoic acid, 11,14-[1- -14C] nonadecadienoic acid, 11,14-[1- 14 C] eicosadienoic acid, 11,14-[1- -14 C] heneicosadienoic acid and 11,14,17-[3- -14 C] eicosatrienoic acid were fed and injected into tail veins of rats raised on balanced and fat-free diets. Analysis of the total liver lipids showed that 11 ated to 5,11,14-19:3; 11,14-20:2 was desaturated to 5,11,14-20:3; 11,14-21:2 was desaturated to 5,11,14-21:3 and 11,14,17-20:3 was desaturated to 5,11,14,17-20:4. In rats raised on balanced diets 11,14-19:2 and 11,14-21:2 were desaturated at very slow rates. The 11,14-20:2 and 11,14,17-20:3 were desaturated to 5,11,14 20:3 and 5,11,14,17-20:4but not as rapidly as in rats raised on fat-free diets. These findings strongly suggest that rat liver does not have a desaturase capable of introducing a double bond in the 8-position during polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis. From these studies it can be concluded that linoleate is only converted to arachidonate via the following pathway: 9,12-18:2 yields 6,9,12 18:3 yields 8,11,14-20:3 yields 5,8,11,14-20:4. Linolenate is only metabolized as follows: 9,12,15-19:3 yields 6,9,12,15-18:4 yields 8,11,14,17-20:4yields 5,8,11,14,17-20:5 yields 7,10,13,16,19-22:5 yields 4,7,10,13,16,19-22:6. Optional pathways such as 9,12-18:2 yields 11,14-20:2 yields 8,11,14-20:3 yields etc. and 9,12,15-18:3 yields 11,14,17-20:3 yields 8,11,14,17-20:4 yields etc. are inoperative because 11,14-20:2 and 11,14,17-20:3 are probably not produced in vivo and if produced may well be converted to 9,12-18:2 and 9,12,15-19:3, respectively, by retroconversion. PMID- 1125297 TI - Changes in phospholipids of ram spermatozoa during migration through the epididymis and possible origin of prostaglandin F2alpha in testicular and epididymal fluid. AB - A study of the lipid composition of ram testicular and ejaculated spermatozoa was made in an attempt to resolve conflicting results in the literature. Testicular spermatozoa were found to contain more than double the amount of phospholipid present in ejaculated spermatozoa. Most phohpholipid components, including choline plasmalogen, decrease substantially in concentration during migration of the spermatozoa through the male reproductive tract. Phosphatidylserine, ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and cardiolipin components accounted for the greatest relative decreases in concentration, the former decreasing by approximately nine tenths. Of the phospholipid-bound fatty acids the most pronounced change occurs in palmitic during migration of spermatozoa through the reproductive tract. There is a net loss of approx. 500 mug of palmitic acid for every 10-9 spermatozoa. The loss of arachidonic acid was particularly interesting, and prompted a study of the prostaglandin content of testicular and epididymal fluids, since arachidonic acid can act as a precursor of prostaglandin. The concentration of prostaglandin F2alpha found in the testicular and epididymal fluid is considerably in excess of that found in venous plasma of the ram. PMID- 1125298 TI - XLV. Metabolism of 3beta,7alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-cholestanoic acid in the rat with a bile fistula. AB - [25R]3beta,7alpha-Dihydroxy-[5alpha,6alpha- -3 H2]-5alpha-cholestanoic acid was prepared, purified and 0.34 mg was administered intraperitoneally as the potassium salt to each of three adult male rats with cannulated bile ducts. Bile collected in the first 24 h, containing 97% of the administered 3-H was hydrolysed and the free bile acids were separated by acetic acid partition chromatography. Of the chromatographed tritium 58% was associated with allochenodeoxycholic acid and 14% with its 3beta-isomer; only 5% of the 3-H was found in allocholic acid and 1% with the substrate or more polar unidentified materials. Thus, this dihydroxy-5alpha-cholestanoic acid is metabolized in the rat primarily to dihydroxy-5alpha-cholanic acids, comparable to the metabolism of 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoic acid in man. PMID- 1125299 TI - Blood group A active difucosyl glycolipid from hog gastric mucosa. AB - A new difucosyl glycolipid exhibiting blood group A activity was isolated from water-soluble glycolipid fraction of hog gastric mucosa. The structure of this glycolipid was identified by partial acid hydrolysis, sequential degradation with specific glycosidases and methylation analysis, as: "see article". PMID- 1125300 TI - Sialosphingolipids of sea urchin eggs and spermatozoa showing a characteristic composition for species and gamete. AB - 1. Sialosphingolipids of four species of the Japanese sea urchin were compared. The composition of sialosphingolipids was characteristic for species and gamete. 2. It is suggested that sialosphingolipids may have a common carbohydrate backbone composed solely of hexoses and sialic acids. PMID- 1125301 TI - Novel sialosphingolipids from spermatozoa of the sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina. AB - Sialosphingolipids obtained from spermatozoa of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina gave nine spots by thin-layer chromatography. Two of them were isolated by silicic acid column chromatography. The predominant one was proposed to be N-acetylneuraminyl (2 yields 8) N-acetylneuraminyl (2 yields 6) glucopyranosyl ceramide, and the second to be N-acetylneuraminyl (2 yields 6) glucopyranosyl ceramide. PMID- 1125303 TI - Transfer of phosphatidylserine from liposomes or microsomes to mitochondria. Stimulation by a cell supernatant factor. AB - Incubation of microsomes or sonicated dispersions of microsomal lipid containing (14-C)phosphatidylserine with rat liver mitochondria results in the transfer of radioactivity to the mitochondria. Transfer is time and temperature dependent and is stimulated by a factor in the 105 000 x g supernatant from liver homogenates. The supernatant factor is soluble at pH 5.1, stable to dialysis, and is inactivated by heating and by digestion with trypsin. Radioactivity accumulates in the mitochondria largley as phosphatidylethanolamine owing the activity of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase. Transfer to mitochondria, heat treated to inactivate the decarbosylase, is also promoted by the suppernatant factor, in which case the lipid appears to be incorporated into the mitochondrial membrane as unchanged phosphatidylserine. PMID- 1125302 TI - Acute and chronic effects of ethanol on intestinal lipid metabolism. AB - To assess the effects of ethanol on intestinal lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and triacylglycerol synthesis were measured in intestinal slices incubated with ethanol. Ethanol, when used in concentrations likely to be achieved in the upper jejunum after moderate drinking, inhibited both palmitate and acetate oxidation, CO2 production and triacylglycerol synthesis, whereas it enhanced the esterification of fatty acid with ethanol. The concentrations required for the inhibitory effect were much higher than those needed to saturate enzyme systems known to participate in ethanol oxidation. In vivo administration of ethanol-containing diets produced persistent changes of the intestinal slices with respect to fatty acid oxidation and triacylglycerol synthesis. Acute intragastric administration of ethanol (3 g/kg) one hour prior to sacrifice, inhibited both processes in slices obtained from the jejunum, but not in those derived from the ileum. By contrast, chronic ethanol feeding increased the ability for fatty acid oxidation and triacylglycerol synthesis both in the jejunum and in the ileum. This stimulatory effect was associated with significant enhancement of palmitoyl-Co A synthetase activity, suggesting increased fatty acid activation. The inhibition by ethanol in high concentrations of intestinal fatty acid oxidation and triacylglycerol synthesis probably reflects epithelial cell damage; by contrast, prolonged administration of ethanol results in a persistent enhancement of lipid metabolism which may reflect the presence of a different cell population in the intestine. PMID- 1125304 TI - Synthesis of prostaglandins by the rat renal papilla in vitro. Mechanism of stimulation by angiotensin II. AB - 1. The biosynthesis of prostaglandins in the rat renal papilla was studied in a whole-cell preparation in vitro. Prostaglandins recovered from the incubation medium were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2alpha. Quantitative estimates of prostaglandin output were obtained by bioassay and confirmed by selected ion monitoring. 2. Prostaglandin biosynthesis was enhanced by exogenous arachidonic acid and also by triglyceride lipase, indicating that arachidonic acid released from papillary triglycerides is readily available for prostaglandin biosynthesis. 3. Angiotensin II (10--100 ng/ml) stimulated the biosynthesis of both prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2alpha, thus increasing prostaglandin levels in both the incubation medium and the tissues. 4. The mechanism whereby angiotensin II stimulates prostaglandin biosynthesis was investigated using the isotope dilution technique. In the presence of [14-C]-arachidonic acid, angiotensin II stimulated the output of more prostaglandin that had a significantly lower specific activity than the controls. Angiotensin II therefore increased the availability of endogenous, non-labelled substrate for prostaglandin biosynthesis. This conclusion was supported by experiments in which enough arachidonic acid was added to make the kinetics of prostaglandin synthesis zero order. Under such conditions angiotensin II failed to cause any further increase in prostaglandin synthesis. 5. It is concluded that angiotensin II controls prostaglandin biosynthesis in the renal papilla by regulating the availability of free precursor. Possible mechanisms for increased levels of free arachidonic acid could be the activation of a tissue acyl hydrolase or decreased utilization of fatty acids. PMID- 1125305 TI - Isolation and identification of prostaglandin E2 from gastrointestinal tract of shark Triakis scyllia. AB - A prostaglandin was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of the shark Triakis scyllia and identified as prostaglandin E2 by bioassay, thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, ultraviolet absorption spectrometry and mass spectrometry. The fatty acid composition of the tissue was also determined. The amount of eicosatetraenoic acid in this tissue was 17.2% of the total fatty acids, but the percentages of eicosatrienoic acid and eicospentaenoid acid were low. PMID- 1125306 TI - Calcium-carbohydrate bridges composed of uncharged sugars. Structure of a hydrated calcium bromide complex of alpha-fucose. AB - X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the crystal structure of a hydrated CaBr2 complex of alpha-fucose, a common terminal sugar of oligosaccharide chains on glycoproteins. Crystals of C6H12O5-CaBr2-3H2O are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with A equals 14.360(2), B equals 12.896(3), and C equals 8.043(1) A. Intensity data for 1442 independent reflections were measured with an automated diffractometer. A trial structure, obtained by the heavy-atom method, was refined by least-squares to R equals 0.052. Ca-2+ is chelated by a pair of hydroxyl groups from each of tow symmetry-related fucose molecules and is coordinated to three water molecules. Thus the structure consists of hydrated fucose-calcium fucose bridges. The bridge geometry, which is dictated by the coordination requirements of Ca-2+, is like that of other calcium-carbohydrate complexes. Our results indicate that calcium-fucose interactions can provide an effective, sterospecific mechanism for cross-linking carbo hydrate chains. Similar calcium carbohydrate bridges may be involved in a variety of Ca-2+-dependent agglutination and adhesion processes. PMID- 1125307 TI - Voltage-dependent conductance induced by hemocyanin in black lipid films. AB - When hemocyanin is added to a black lipid film, the conductance increases in discrete steps. For negative potentials the single step conductance is constant, but for positive potentials the step conductance appears to decrease as the potential increases. At high positive potentials the conductance fluctuates between several levels. These data suggest that, in lipid membranes, hemocyanin conducts ions through discrete channels. The voltage-dependent conductance observed at high levels of conductance seems to be a consequence of the properties of the conductance of the single channel. PMID- 1125308 TI - Rapid preparative isolation of major erythrocyte membrane proteins using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate. AB - 1. We describe a simple method for preparative, sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the major proteins in human erythrocyte membranes. 2. The method is based on extraction of prestained proteins from gel slabs. Three different fluorescent dyes (o-phthalaldehyde, fluorescamine and 1-dimethyl-aminonaphthalene-5-sulfonylchloride) have been used for pretaining. The method allows separation of up to 75 mg membrane protein and isolation of mg quantities of all major erythrocyte ghost proteins, while preserving the high resolution of analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 3. Yield depends on extraction conditions and the molecular weight of the proteins being eluted. It ranges from 43-48% for protein 1 (apparent mol. wt approx. 310000) and 72-78% for protein 3(apparent mol. wt 87 000-93 000) to 87 93% for protein 6 (apparent mol. wt 35 000). 4. The labile behaviour of the high molecular "spectrin" bands (bands 1 and 2) is described. Extraction at room temperature tends to split these proteins into products of lower molecular weight. In contrast, the minor protein components 2.1 and 2.2 tend to aggregate yielding components 1 and 2. 5. N-terminal amino acid analyses have been performed on proteins 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 6. Each of these bands contains several N-terminals, most of which appear constant. Some additional N-terminal amino acids vary from one donor to the next. PMID- 1125309 TI - Xeonon accumulation in the red blood cell. A process latered by suppressors of the membrane active transport function. AB - Xenon passage across the erythrocyte membrane was investigated by performing several types of tests. The effects of some enzyme inhibitors (ouabain, NaF, dinitrophenol, low temperature), representing various modifications of the mentioned transport phenomenon, led to the conclusion of the existence of a strong correlation between the cellular energetic metabolism (and, hence, the energy supply for membrane processes) and the xenon accumulation into the erythrocyte. The experimental data obtained indicate that the xenon concentration in the cell water exceeds the concentration in the incubation solution by about 20%. The metabolic inhibitors practically equalise the xenon concentrations in the cell water and in the surrounding medium. The possible theoretical consequences of these facts are taken into account and analyzed. PMID- 1125310 TI - Mechanism of the mutagenic action of hydroxylamine. VIII. Functional properties of the modified adenosine residues. AB - The action of O-methylhydroxylamine in vitro upon some amber and rII ochre mutants of T4 phage leads to a considerable increase in the frequency of reversions and conversions of ochre and opal mutants presumably due to A yields G transitions. The transitions seem to be caused by modification of the adenine bases of the genome to give N-6-methoxyadenine which has equivocal (A- and G like) specificity. However, the functional activity of N-6-methoxyadenosine residues in the RNA polymerase system is low. We failed to detect any significant activity of these residues either as components of a template polyribonucleotide, or as nucleoside triphosphate precursors. PMID- 1125311 TI - Isolation and purification of RNA polymerases from rye embryos. AB - A procedure has been developed for the purification of soluble DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) from rye embryos. The enzyme solubilized by high salt extraction with sonication and resolved by DEAE-cellulose chromatography yields two activities. Enzyme I eluted at 0.15 M (NN4)2SO4, was insensitive to alpha amanitin and was extremely labile. Enzyme II eluted at 0.25 M (NH4)2SO4 was inhibited by alpha-amanitin. However, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography yields three DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Enzyme I is resistant to amanitin, while II and III enzymes are inhibited by this poison. Partially purified on DEAE-cellulose, polymerase II was further purified by hydrophobic chromatography on an omega aminobutyl-Sepharose column. After omega-aminobutyl-Sepharose chromatography, enzyme II was stable and was more active with denatured than with native DNA as template. The activity of purified RNA polymerase II is dependent on the DNA, Mn 2+ and Mg-2+ added and requires ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP for its maximum activity. Transcription is inhibited besides by alpha-amanitin, by chromomycin A3, daunomycin, ethidium bromide and actinomycin D. Rifampin and rifamycin SV do not inhibit the enzyme. Synthetic copolymers were also effective as templates. PMID- 1125312 TI - Crystal structure of a zinc-(9-methyladenine) complex with N1 as the preferred binding site. PMID- 1125313 TI - Unique sequence DNA transcripts present in mature oocytes of Urechis caupo. AB - DNA - DNA reannealing of sheared Urechis caupo DNA indicates that the genome is composed of two major repetitive sequence families. The repetitive sequence DNA families compose 8 and 7% of the DNA and are repeated in the genome on an average of 2.0 - 10-6 and 6.0 - 10-3 times, respectively. The unique sequence DNA composed a minimum of 75% of the genome and the rate of reannealing indicates a complexity of 2.6 - 10-8 nucleotide pairs per genome. Hybridization of isolated 3 H-labeled unique sequence DNA with an excess of unlabeled mature oocyte RNA provides a minimum estimate of the genetic diversity of the RNA present in the mature oocytes. The apparent saturation level of unique sequence DNA with RNA indicates that about 8.6% of the unique sequence DNA is expressed. Based on the fraction of the DNA that forms a stable hybrid and the complexity of the unique sequence DNA the RNA present in the mature oocyte is a complementary with 2.2 - 10-7 nucleotide pairs of unique sequence DNA. PMID- 1125314 TI - Are 50% of all cellular proteins synthesized on mitochondrial ribosomes in Crithidia luciliae? PMID- 1125315 TI - A dissociation factor from embryos of Xenopus laevis. AB - A dissociating factor has been extracted from the ribosomal KCl wash and from the cytosol of developing embryos of Xenopus laevis. No dissociating activity could be detected in the KCl wash of ribosomes from full grown oocytes and unfertilized eggs. As in bacteria, the acitivity of the dissociation factor seems to be correlated with the rate of protein synthesis suggesting a physiological role of the dissociation factor. The possibility that the dissociation factor might be one of the components which limits the rate of protein synthesis in the oocytes is discussed. PMID- 1125316 TI - Attempts to detect Agrobacterium tumefaciens and bacteriophage PS8 DNA in crown gall tumors by DNA-DNA-filter hybridization. AB - A systematic study of the DNA-DNA-filter reaction is presented which measures its ability to detect small amounts of simple DNA (bacterial or bacteriophage) in model mixtures of DNA immobilized on filters. Saturation curves show qualitatively that significant binding occurs when there is 10% Agrobacterium tumefaciens DNA on the filter but not 1%. PS8 bacteriophage DNA is detectable at a level of 0.1%. True saturation is not attained in the bacterial DNA reaction : radioactivity bound represents only 3% of the theoretical saturation value. The bacteriophage DNA reactions attain 15-30% of the expected saturation value. When crown gall tumor DNA filters were tested for the presence of A. tumefaciens or PS8 bacteriophage DNA by saturation reactions, an apparently significant amount of binding was observed compared with usual background levels for heterologous DNA filters. However thermal dissociation profiles revealed that no well-matched duplexes were formed. Normal tobacco callus DNA filters exhibited the same type of binding of labeled DNA to a similar extent (50-100% as much as tumor DNA filters). Both types of DNA-filters bound Bacillus subtilis and bacteriophage T4 DNA as efficiently as A. tumefaciens and PS8 DNA. The high non-specific background binding of labeled DNA by filters containing DNA isolated from plant tissue culture materials is ascribed to low single strand molecular weight of the filterbound DNA. This study provides no evidence for foreign DNA in crown gall tumors, and raises objections to the interpretation of the data of earlier investigators (Quetier, F., Huguet, T. and Guille, E. (1969) Biochem, Biophys. Res, Commun. 34, 128-133 and Srivastava, B.I.S. (1970) Life Sci. 9, 889-892) who claimed to detect A. tumefaciens DNA in crown gall tumors by DNA-DNA-filter hybridization. PMID- 1125317 TI - Circular mitochondrial DNA from the avian malarial parasite Plasmodium lophurae. AB - The avian malarial parasite, Plasmodium lophurae, was liberated from duck erythrocytes with antiduck erythrocyte serum and freed from host cell nuclei by differential centrifugation followed by treatment with trypsin and DNAase. Total as well as mitochondrial DNA isolated from such a preparation of free parasites showed overlapping densities of 1.679 g/ml in CsCl density gradients. To retain the structural integrity of mitochondrial DNA, the treatment of liberated parasites with trypsin and DNAase was eliminated and all steps of isolation of the mitochondrial fraction was performed at ice bath temperature. Under these conditions, mtDNA liberated by osmotic lysis appeared as super coiled molecules. After isolation of DNA from mitochondrial pellets prepared under the above conditions, only a single DNA band was apparent in ethidium bromide/CsCl gradients and open circular molecules with a mean contour length of 10.3 mum were observed. PMID- 1125318 TI - Effect of the exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis on the biosynthesis and maturation of mouse liver nuclear RNA. AB - The effect of the exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis on the in vivo incorporation of [14-C] orotic acid into mouse liver nuclear rRNA and low molecular weight RNA was studied. The following results were obtained. 1. The exotoxin does not inhibit the synthesis of 45 S pre-rRNA, but causes a breakdown of these molecules. 2. The exotoxin inhibits the conversion of 38 S pre-rRNA into 32 S and 21 S. 3. The exotoxin inhibits the labelling of nuclear 5 S RNA, whereas the labelling of 4.6 S pre-tRNA is not affected. It is suggested that 5 S RNA may control the processing of 45 S pre-rRNA. PMID- 1125319 TI - Inhibitor of protein synthesis co-isolating with polyribosomal RNA. AB - Although low concentrations of total polyribosomal RNA from porcine parotid glands or rat pituitary cells in culture (GH3) isolated by standard dodecylsulphate/phenol, chloroform extraction techniques can direct the incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids into proteins using a cell-free protein synthesizing system derived from wheat germ embryos, higher concentrations inhibit the translation of endogenous wheat germ mRNA, or added rabbit globin mRNA or polyribouridylic acid. This inhibitory activity is separated from poly(A) rich RNA by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. The inhibitory activity appears to reside in a heat-stable protein since it is inactivated by incubation with various proteases but not by DNAase I, pancreatic ribonuclease, alkaline hydrolysis, or treatment with formamide. Specificity of the inhibition is suggested since the inhibitory fraction prepared from GH3 cells also inhibits protein synthesis in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system derived from porcine parotid gland, while the inhibitory fraction prepared from porcine parotid gland has no inhibitory activity in this homologous system. Radioiodination and dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveal several protein bands, the most prominent with an apparent molecular weight of 78 000. PMID- 1125320 TI - Amino acid incorporation into protein by ribosomes bound to chloroplast thylakoid membranes: formation of discrete products. AB - A system which incorporates amino acids into proteins of chloroplast membranes of Chlamydomonas reinhardti is described. It consists of chloroplast ribosomes bound to thylakoid membranes and cell extract. mRNA is present in this thylakoid ribosome complex, since neither initiation nor RNA synthesis seems to be required for amino acid incorporation. Incorporation requires ATP, GTP and a soluble portion of cell extract. It is inhibited by chloramphenicol, but not cycloheximide. Most incorporated radioactivity remains bound to the membranes. Although a large portion of this labeled membrane-bound protein occurs as nascent polypeptides, a portion appears at least four products of discrete molecular weights. The major in vitro product migrates as a polypeptide of 23 000 daltons. We conclude that a portion of chloroplast membrane proteins is not only made within the chloroplast, but directly on the membranes. We had previously observed that release of membrane-bound ribosomes is partially dependent on puromycin, and concluded that some membrane-bound ribosomes were attached to the membranes through nascent protein chains. Thus, our results suggest that some chloroplast membrane proteins are inserted into the membranes as they are synthesized. This chloroplast membrane amino acid incorporation system offers a promising tool for studying biosynthesis of membrane proteins, and how they become inserted into chloroplast thylakoids to form functional membranes. PMID- 1125321 TI - Incorporation of amino acids into protein from an intracellular pool of lymphocytes. AB - The nature of the precursor pool for protein synthesis in porcine lymphocytes has been investigated. Intracellular free glycine was found to be used in preference to its extracellular counterpart. It is suggested that a similar preference applies for all amino acids. However, with certain amino acids such as phenylalanine, this preference is difficult to demonstrate because of a rapid exchange occurring between intracellular and extracellular pools. A small portion of the intracellular phenylalanine pool was found not to exchange rapidly but this was not important in the maintenance of protein synthesis. A different type of compartmentation of the intracellular glycine pool was apparent, but this was less well defined. During the course of these investigations it was demonstrated that the nature of the incubation medium is an important consideration for enabling correct interpretation of kinetic experiments. To maintain what appeared to be a constant rate of protein synthesis, lymphocytes had to be incubated in a comprehensive culture medium (basal Eagle's medium without serum); a declining rate of synthesis was observed if a simple buffered salts medium (Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer) was used. PMID- 1125322 TI - Cytochalasin B: effect on phospholipid metabolism and lysosomal enzyme release by leukocytes;. AB - The effect of cytochalasin B on phospholipid metabolism and beta-glucuronidase extrusion by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from guinea pid peritoneal exudates has been studied. Cytochalasin B inhibited the engulfing of starch granules by leukocytes, but it enhanced the incorporation of 32-Pi into phosphatidic acid and the phosphoinositidesmit also stimulated the release of beta-glucuronidase into the incubation medium in the presence or absence of starch granulesmkinetic studies showed that the effects of cytochalasin B on 32-Pi incorporation into phosphatidic acid and the phosphoinositides, and the release of beta glucuronidase into the extracellular medium were comparablempulse-chase experiment revealed that cytochalasin B did not stimulate the isotopic decay of prelabeled lipids, indicating that cytochalasin B increased the radiophosphorus activity of phosphatidic acid and the phosphoinositides by increasing the synthesis of these lipidsmthe incorporation of myo-[2-3H]inositol into the phosphoinositides was also enhanced in the presence of cytochalasin B, but the incorporation of [methyl-14-C] choline into phosphatidylcholine and sphingogonyelin was unchanged; PMID- 1125323 TI - Cell wall of Fusarium sulphureum; I. Chemical composition of the hyphal wall. AB - The hyphae wall of Fusarium sulphureum Schlect. (Isolate 1) was isolated and purified. Electron microscopy studies showed that the isolated cell wall consisted of two distinct layers, an outer electron dense layer and a broader electron transparent inner layer. Chemical analysis revealed that the cell wall contained 66% carbohydrate, 7.3% protein, 5.5% lipid and 1.8% ash. The major cell wall component N-acetylglucosamine (39%) was shown by X-ray diffraction analysis to be present as chitin. Glucose constituted 14% of the cell wall, while mannose, galactose, and glucuronic acid, accounted for 15% of the cell wall. Glucuronic acid appears to be predominantly linked to galactose in the intact wall. PMID- 1125324 TI - [35-S]sulfate incorporation into myelin glycoproteinsmi=entral nervous system. AB - The in vivo incorporation of [35-S]sulfate and [3H]fucose into rat brain myelin was investigatedmmost of the 35S in the myelin was in sulfatide, but about 4% was associated with the residual proteins after chloroform/methanol extraction. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these proteins indicated that the major 35 S-labeled component corresponded to the major fucose-labeled glycoproteinmthe labeling of this predominant glycoprotein with sulfate was more selective than with fucose, since there was relatively little incorporation of sulfate into some of the minor fucose-labeled glycoproteins. There was little or no 35-S associated with proteolipid or basic protein on polyacrylamide gels. The fucose-labeled glycoproteins were converted to glycopeptides by pronase digestion and separated into two major classes by gel filtration on Sephadex-G-50. Only the higher molecular weight class contained significant amounts of 35-S. The association of 35-S with the glycopeptides was not due to binding of sulfatide or free inorganic sulfate. The results indicate that the predominant myelin-associated glycoprotein in rat brain is sulfated. PMID- 1125325 TI - [35-S]sulfate incorporation into myelin clycoproteins; II. Peripheral nervous tissue. AB - The in vivo incorporation of [35-S]sulfate, [3-H]fucose and [3-H]leucine into sciatic nerve myelin was investigatedmpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of thr proteins indicated that the 35-S-labeling of proteins occurred almost exclusively in the major myelin protein; A smaller myelin glycoprotein migrating just ahead of the major one was labeled with [3-H]fucose but did not incorporate 35-S to a detectable extent. There was little or no 35-S associated with basic proteins on polyacrylamide gels when the proteins were extracted with chloroform/methanol; Fucose-labeled myelin glycoproteins were converted to glycopeptides by pronase digestion; The glycopeptides gave a single peak on tsephadex G-50 in which the 3 H and 35-S coincided. The association of 35-S with glycopeptides was not caused by binding of sulfatide or free inorganic sulfate. This study shows that the major myelin protein in the sciatic nerve of the rat is glycosylated and sulfated. PMID- 1125326 TI - A novel method for the follow-up of shape changes in erythrocyte and other particles. AB - The absorbance of a suspension of asymmetrical particles fluctuates when the suspension is stirred in a circular motion. The effect is due to the fact that particles move in spiral orbits and present alternatively their short or long axis to the narrow beam of light used for measurement. Changes in the shape of erythrocytes such as flattening and swelling could be detected and quantitated by measuring the change in the amplitude of the fluctuating absorbance. The diagnostic value of this method is under investigation. PMID- 1125327 TI - Erythropoietin effects on iron metabolism in rat bone marrow cells. AB - This paper describes a study of the incorporation of 59-Fe from 59-Fe-labelled rat transferrin into rat bone marrow cells in culture. 59-Fe was found in both stroma and cytoplasm of marrow cells, and the cytoplasmic 59-Fe separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, into ferritin, haemoglobin and a low molecular weight fraction. The incorporation of 59-Fe into all three cytoplasmic fractions, but not into the stroma, increased progressively with time. Erythropoietin stimulated the increase of 59-Fe in ferritin within 1 h, the earliest time examined, and more than 3 h later in the stroma and haemoglobin. A proportion of the 59-Fe incorporated into the stroma and low molecular weight iron fractions during a 1 h incubation with 59-Fe-labelled transferrin was mobilised into ferritin and haemoglobin during a subsequent 4-h "cold-chase". Erythropoietin, when present during the "cold-chase", did not influence these 59 Fe fluxes. The erythropoietin stimulation of 59-Fe incorporation into ferritin, one of the earliest erythropoietin effects to be recorded, was therefore considered to be due to an increase of 59-Fe uptake by the hormone-responsive cells rather than a direct effect on ferritin synthesis. 20-h cultures containing erythropoietin when incubated with 59-Fe-labelled transferrin for 4 h, showed dose-related erythropoietin stimulation of 59-Fe incorporation into haemoglobin only. In the presence of 10 mM isonicotinic acid hydrazide, 59-Fe incorporation into haemoglobin was inhibited, as in reticulocytes (Ponka, P. and Neuwrit, J. (1969) Blood 33, 690-707), while that into the stroma, ferritin and low molecular weight iron fractions, was stimulated; there were no reproducible effects of erythropoietin. PMID- 1125328 TI - Rapid uptake by liver sinusoidal cells of serum albumin modified with retention of its compact conformation. AB - The clearance from the blood and the conformation of serum albumin modified by nitroguanidination and labeled with 125-I have been studied. Like formaldehyde denatured albumin, but in contrast to native albumin, the nitroguanidinated derivative is rapidly cleared from the blood and taken up in lysosomes of liver sinusoidal cells. Although 94% of the free amino groups were blocked by nitroguanidination, we could not detect significant conformational changes using gel filtration, determination of reducible disulfide groups, and titration of tyrosine residues. It is concluded that extensive denaturation is no prerequisite for the uptake of albumin derivatives in liver sinusoidal cells. It is suggested that the nitroguanidinated protein, in contrast to native albumin, is bound on membrane receptors of sinusoidal cells. The nitroguanidino groups themselves might be bound on these receptors, but it seems equally possible that the blocking of positive charges of the albumin molecule or minor, local conformational changes of the protein are sufficient for the binding on the receptors. PMID- 1125329 TI - Distribution of silicon in the adult rat and rhesus monkey. AB - The distribution of silicon in tissues of the rat and rhesus monkey was determined using a colorimetric method specifically designed for biological materials. Soft-tissue silicon levels in both species varied from 1 to 33 mug silicon/g dry weight (ppm) excepting the primate lung and lymph nodes, which averaged 942 ppm and 101 ppm, respectively. This distribution may reflect flow through of silicon in the form of particulates and water-soluble silicate contaminates in the environment and food effectively masking tissue or organ specific silicon of functional significance. The silicon content of the whole rat femur was 38 ppm as determined by emission spectroscopy, whereas the monkey femur shaft was 43 ppm and the femur head containing the epiphysis was 456 ppm. This silicon may be functionally involved in the calcification process as suggested by others. The silicon content of rat liver subcellular fractions was also determined. The supernatant, nuclei/debris, and mitochondrial portions contained 0.6-1.0 mug silicon/g liver equivalents, whereas the microsomal fraction contained only 0.2 mug silicon/g liver equivalents. PMID- 1125330 TI - Crystal structure of a compound featuring caffeine bound at C8 to ruthenium (III). AB - The structure of a novel ruthenium purine compound, trans-chloro-8 caffeinechlorotriamminruthenium(III) chloride monohydrate, has been determined using single-crystal x-ray techniques. This compound crystallizes in space group Pbca (D152h) with cell dimensions a equal to 11.341 (3)A, b equal to 11.606 (5) A, c equal to 26.673 (7) A, Z equals to 8. The observed and calculated densities are 1.79 plus or minus 0.01 and 1.781 g/cm3, respectively. The structure has been refined using full-matrix least-squares methods to R equal to 0.059 based on 1314 independent observed reflections. The coordination geometry at the ruthenium atom is distorted octahedral. The carbon-ruthenium bond length is 2.03 (1) A. The chloride-ruthenium bond lengths are 2.350 (4) A and 2.427 (3) A for the cis and trans forms respectively suggesting a strong trans-influence due to the caffeine. PMID- 1125331 TI - Properties of the red - violet complex of copper and penicillamine and further insight into its formation reaction. AB - A characteristic red-violet chromophore which forms in the reaction of cupric ion with beta-sulfhydryl- alpha-amino acids has been attributed by several authors to a mixed-valence Cu3L2 structure. We have isolated and examined the analogous chromophore of the chelating drug penicillamine (beta, beta-dimethyl-cysteine), finding instead a polymeric anion with a mixed valence Cu2L2 repeating unit. Direct evidence for a mixed valence polymer cooroborates earlier conclusions of Wilson and Martin (9). Under oxygen-free conditions the anionic complex forms in essentially quantitative yield according to the following reaction: (see article). It has been established that this reaction is halide ion-dependent. The chromophore may be isolated as a sodium salt. This form was found to be stable, and it possessed no measurable activity as an oxidation catalyst. It was also demonstrated through biological experiments with rabbits that a significant amount of the complex- (between 6 percent and 39 percent) is recovered in the urinary tract following intravenous infusions attaining between 1.8 and 10 ppm copper. PMID- 1125332 TI - Porphyrin basicity effects upon the reactivity of mu-oxo-bis (porphinatoiron (III)) compounds: reaction with acetic acid. PMID- 1125333 TI - A selective role for potassium in the phytotoxicity of thallium. AB - The presence of K-ion prevents inhibition of Plantago maritima seed germination and Asperigillus flavus mycelial growth by Tl-ion. The effect of potassium could not be replaced by Na-ion in either system. Aspergillus was cultured in a medium low in light metal ions (Na+ and K+), and its growth was enhanced quantitatively by addition of Kminus but not Na-ions. Growth without added potassium was inhibited severely by Tl-ions, whereas K-enhanced growth was not. It is suggested that the thallium-potassium interaction is specific involving competition between ions of quite similar charge and radius. PMID- 1125334 TI - A study of the temperature dependence of the electronic spectra of alkyl cobaloximes. AB - The temperature dependence of the electronic spectra of the alkyl pyridinatocobaloximes in benzene solution was found to be due to an equilibrium existing between two forms proposed to be inner-sphere and outer-sphere coordination compounds. Evidence is presented to rule out the possibilites of equilibria with pentacoordinated or dimeric forms, as well as a form with the cobalt out of the plane of the dimethylglyoxime. PMID- 1125335 TI - Ethanolamine ammonia-lyase: inactivation of the holoenzyme by N2O and the mechanism of action of Coenzyme B12. AB - Functional ethanolamine ammonia-lyase is inactivated by N2O as well as by O2, indicating that the active form of coenzyme B12 is an enzyme-bound corrin derivative in which the Co-C bond of the coenzyme is broken and the cobalt ion is in the +1 state of oxidation. The nucleoside fragment formed in the process of coenzyme activation is tentatively identified as 4',5'-didehydro-5' deoxyadenosine. A mechanism of action of ethanolamine ammonia-lyase is formulated in analogy to that of DL-1,2-Propanediol dehydrase and compared to proposed alternative reaction schemes. PMID- 1125336 TI - Influence of parenteral zinc and actinomycin D on tissue zinc uptake and the synthesis of a zinc - binding protein. AB - Parenterally administered zinc markedly increased the incorporation of 14-C cystine and 65-Zn into a low molecular weight zinc binding protein (ZnBP) isolated from liver cytoplasm of rats fed an adequate amount of zinc. This zinc load significantly increased the zinc content in the liver. The increase in hepatic zinc content was inhibited by actinomycin D indicating that DNA-dependent RNA synthesis is required for zinc uptake into liver. Antinomycin D also produced a concomitant decrease in ZnBP synthesis indicating that this protein may be involved in the uptake mechanism in cells. Zinc repletion also stimulated the synthesis of hepatic ZnBP in zinc deficient rats. This stimulation was also prevented by prior administration of actinomycin D. A similar effect was observed in the intestinal mucosal cells. The data collectively indicate that the control of the synthesis of ZnBP which occurs at the transcriptional level of protein synthesis is responsive to zinc status and thus may have a function in zinc metabolism. PMID- 1125337 TI - An NMR relaxation study of polynucleotide - nucleotide interactions. AB - A study has been made of the influence of polyuridylic acid (poly U)-adenosine (A) interactions upon the NMR proton relaxation behavior of H2O protons in aqueous solutions doped with Mn++ ions. Factors investigated included the effect of adenine oligonucleotide chain length, nucleoside concentration, and temperature upon the relaxation behavior of H2O. The results show that in all cases where solution and temperature conditions favor 2 poly U:A triple strand formation, a significant enhancement in H2O relaxation rate occurs over that for poly U or nucleotide solutions alone. Moreover, plots of relaxation enhancement versus temperature show well-defined transition regions with the enhancement approaching values for free poly U above the transition temperature, TM. The data also show that TM increases with increasing adenosine concentration and oligomer chain length. No comparable changes were observed for poly U solutions containing guanosine or cytidine derivatives. The increased relaxation rate in 2 poly U:A solutions is consistent with a more rigid secondary structure in the complex than in poly U; melting of this structure leads to an increase in polymer segmental mobility and a corresponding decrease in relaxation rate. The "melting" transitions and variation of TM with concentration and chain length have been interpreted quantitatively in terms of recent statistical models and yield values of delta H = -20 plus or minus 3 kcal/mol (base triplet) and delta S = -63 plus or minus 10 cal/mole degrees K (base triplet) in satisfactory agreement with results of optical studies. PMID- 1125338 TI - Biological potency of organic selenium compounds: VI. Aliphatic seleninic acids and carboxyselenic acids. AB - Straight-chain aliphatic seleninic acids, CH3-(CH2)n-SeOOH, with chain lengths from C4 to C17, a few dibasic acids of moderate chain length having seleninic acid groups on both ends of the molecule, HOOSe-(CH2)n-SeOOH, and a series of carbosyseleninic acids, HOOC-R-SeOOH, comprising chain lengths from C3 to C13 and several branched chains with 5 to 7 carbon atoms were tested for potency in the prevention of dietary liver necrosis in the rat. Alkylseleninic acids showed uniformly low activities, ranging from 18% to 56% of that of selenite selenium which served as a standard. There were no discernible trends or regularities with increasing chain lengths, in c-ntrast to other series of alkylselenium compounds. It is therefore unlikely that alkylseleninic acids are normal oxidation products of dialkyl mono- or diselenides in the organism. Compounds with seleninic acid groups at both ends of the chain were practically inactive. Carboxyseleninic acids carrying a carboxyl group distal to the seleninic acid group, on the other hand, were highly effective. A maximum of potency occurred at chain lengths C3 and C4, followed by a sharp decline between C4 and C6. A second maximum of activity occurred at C8. There was no alternating effect. This structure/activity pattern is analogous to that of the diselenodicarboxylic acids. However, the lower carboxyseleninic acids were, per atom of selenium, twice as active as the corresponding diseleno-dicarboxylic acids, of which the higher members were less potent. It is inferred that carboxyseleninic acids may be metabolically related to diseleno-dicarboxylic acids and that C3 and C4 carboxyseleninic acids may play a physiological role. PMID- 1125339 TI - Structural and electronic effects on the polarographic half-wave potentials of copper (II) chelate complexes. AB - Polarographic measurements in dimethylformamide solution have been performed on 37 bis-chelate Cu(II) complexes containing primarily salicylaldimine, geta ketoamine, beta-iminoamine, and pyrrole-2-aldimine ligand systems. The complexes were selected in order to reveal the effect of stereochemical and donor atom variations on half-wave potentials. Mono- and binuclear complexes undergo one-and two-electron reductions, respectively, which were established for representative cases by controlled potential coulometry. The response of Cu(II)/Cu(I) potentials to these variations reveals that nonplanar bis-chelate complexes are easier to reduce than their planar analogs, rigid planar tetradentate or related planar bis chelate complexes, and complexes differing only in donor atoms are more readily reduced in the order N4 less than N2O2 less than N2S2. Binuclear complexes are reduced in one two-electron or two resolvable one-electron steps depending on ligand structure. Potentials of these and other complexes previously examined are considered in relation to the markedly positive potentials of "blue" copper proteins and ligand structural features which might afford Cu(II)/Cu(I) potentials in the protein range are noted. PMID- 1125340 TI - Synchronization of non-linear biochemical oscillators coupled by diffusion. PMID- 1125341 TI - [The problem-solving device Robbimat]. PMID- 1125342 TI - Can the data of Campbell and Robson be explained without assuming Fourier analysis? PMID- 1125343 TI - Neural dynamics under noise in the olfactory system. PMID- 1125344 TI - Short-term adaptation and incremental responses of single auditory-nerve fibers. PMID- 1125345 TI - Some views on the role of noise in "self"-organizing systems. PMID- 1125346 TI - [Texture recognition and texture reproduction. II: Texture edges]. PMID- 1125347 TI - On the autocorrelation of one class on non-stationary random point processes. PMID- 1125348 TI - An information-theoretical approach to a system of interacting elements. PMID- 1125349 TI - Homogeneous nets of neuron-like elements. PMID- 1125350 TI - A model for neural signal-to-noise ratio improvement in the insect visual system with implications for "anomalous resolution". PMID- 1125351 TI - Changes in verbal and nonverbal learning following a single left or right unilateral electroconvulsive treatment. PMID- 1125352 TI - A catheter-tip capacitance pressure transducer. AB - A simple miniature capacitance pressure transducer is described. The operational characteristics of the device when mounted on the tip of a 6.3 F catheter are discussed and results of in vivo trials illustrated, using a commercially available catheter-tip pressure transducer for comparison. PMID- 1125353 TI - First annual meeting of the European Society for Artificial Organs. PMID- 1125354 TI - Bioengineers meet at Westminster. PMID- 1125355 TI - Delayed signal EEG trigger. AB - Long EEG recordings are often necessary to capture the signals in the short period just before an epileptic attack. This procedure has many disadvantages. The equipment described below enables only the signals of interest to be recorded. It is designed to operate in conjunction with a commercial electroencephalograph and consists of a signal store with a programmable series of logic gates for sensing the onset of an epileptic discharge and activating the chart recorder. The particular system described has a signal bandwidth of d.c. to 25 Hz in all 16 channels, and, because of their particular clinical diagnostic importance, all signals for the 20 seconds immediately preceding the discharge are recorded. The recording can take place for up to one hour after the attack and, if a second attack should occur, it can also be recorded similarly to the first one. PMID- 1125356 TI - Porous surface layered prosthetic devices. AB - The method of fabrication and properties of a dual structured implant system consisting of a metallic porous surface layer is described. The ingrowth of bone tissue into the outer porous surface layer results in part fixation, while the solid inner core region provides the necessary mechanical strength for a device used for the replacement of heavy load bearing joint regions such as the hip and knee. Additionally, novel implant systems are suggested using the porous coating concept. PMID- 1125357 TI - Medical equipment hazards--practical experience in a large region. AB - An investigation has been carried out into the cause of accidents involving patient interfaced medical equipment, in a large region over a period of 3 years. In a high proportion of accidents the cause is faulty design, or poor construction of equipment. However, a considerable number can also be attributed to lack of user appreciation of the hazards involved. A few accidents have been caused by inexperienced personnel attempting to service equipment about which they have little knowledge. PMID- 1125358 TI - Letter: "Fail-safe" pacemaker electrode-leads. PMID- 1125359 TI - Engineering considerations in the design of an ankle joint. AB - A prothesis has been designed to replace the articulating surfaces of the human ankle joint. The prothesis is in two parts, each forming a segment of a right circular cylinder with a single axis of rotation. The concave tibial component is manufactured from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and the talar component is manufactured from medical grade stainless steel. It is likely, however, that the talar component will be commercially manufactured from cobalt chrome alloy (Vitallium or Vinertia). The two components are secured to the cancellous bone by polymethylmethacrylate bone cement and laboratory tests have indicated that the bond should be strong enough to withstand the loads encountered at the ankle joint in vivo. The tests have also shown that the stability and strength of the ankle are not seriously reduced by implantation of the prosthesis. Laboratory wear tests and clinical experience over the last two years encourage optimism over the long term performance of the prothesis. PMID- 1125360 TI - The use of ultrasound for monitoring foetal breathing movements. PMID- 1125361 TI - A catheter-manometer calibrator--a new clinical instrument. AB - Although catheter-manometer systems are widely used in clinical medicine, little effert has been make to evaluate the accuracy of these systems. There is consequently a need for an acceptable method of evaluating the complete pressure recording system under clinical conditions, i.e. a catheter-transducer system that be put together and kept sterilised during the preparation of the patient and applied promptly after static and dynamic calibration of pressure under sterile conditions is described. All kinds of catheters, connectors, transducers, as well as the effect of different fluids or air bubbles on the measuring system, can be investigated. The value of the instrument, especially in clinical practice, is demonstrated and discussed. PMID- 1125362 TI - Continuous measurement of vascular diameters via television microscopy. PMID- 1125363 TI - In a representative, small hospital. PMID- 1125364 TI - Evaluation of a community health clinic in mountain states. PMID- 1125365 TI - The Ames 2-E, a new development in cardiac ultrasound. PMID- 1125366 TI - A computer graphics simulation technique and related results for evaluating blood flow characteristics through prosthetic heart valves. PMID- 1125367 TI - A dry-electrode electrocardiograph system. PMID- 1125368 TI - Fiber reinforced composites for orthotics, prosthetics and mobility aids. PMID- 1125370 TI - Smoking inhalation response indicator and conditioner. PMID- 1125369 TI - Comparison between mercury and lithium chemical systems for pacemaker energy source applications. PMID- 1125371 TI - Modification of self-mutilative behavior by aversive conditioning. PMID- 1125372 TI - An improved fast response oxygen analyzer with high accuracy for respiratory gas analysis. PMID- 1125373 TI - Time delay effects in the estimation of pulmonary diffusing capacity. PMID- 1125374 TI - Development of chronically implantable electrodes for monitoring oxygen tension in skeletal muscle. PMID- 1125375 TI - Material and process selection for an implantable pressure sensing device. PMID- 1125376 TI - The control and propagation of a genetic disease.?20V. PMID- 1125377 TI - An investigation of the servo-behavior of the stretch reflex. PMID- 1125378 TI - Hearing loss due to combined effects of noise and salicylate. PMID- 1125379 TI - Mortality-sensing wildlife transmitters. PMID- 1125380 TI - A hybrid microcircuit approach to telemetric swallowable capsules. PMID- 1125381 TI - Emergency medical services biomedical telemetry standard. PMID- 1125382 TI - Indirect blood pressure measurement in the dog: digital analysis of arterial wall velocity. PMID- 1125383 TI - The minicomputer as a microscope accessory. PMID- 1125384 TI - Experimental studies of ongoing power spectral analysis of normal and abnormal EEG's under anesthesia. PMID- 1125385 TI - Network analysis: an innovative approach to health care delivery system and facilities planning. PMID- 1125386 TI - Electrochromic properties of membrane probes. PMID- 1125387 TI - Biogenesis of chloroplast membranes in Chlamydomonas reinhardi: Chloroplast controlled transfer of cytoplasmic proteins to the developing chloroplast membranes as visualized by quantitative radioautography. AB - The light-induced formation of the photosynthetic membranes (greening) in y-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardi requires synthesis of new proteins which become incorporated into the growing membranes. It has been shown previously (Eytan and Ohad, 1970) that proteins synthesized by both chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomes concur in the formation of functional photosynthetic membranes, indicating the presence of a mechanism permitting the specific transfer of membrane proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm into the chloroplast. Transfer of such proteins cannot yet be identified by the usual biochemical techniques unless they become part of the growing photosynthetic membranes. However, it is possible to follow their synthesis and translocation between the different cellular compartments by use of quantitative electron microscopic radioautography. In the present work, the radioautographic grain distribution among chloroplast, chloroplast membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and the remainder of the cytoplasm (cytosol) was carried out following short radioactive pulse-labeling and chase during greening of dark-grown mutants in the presence or absence of protein synthesis inhibitors. The results indicate that transport of some of the proteins of cytoplasmic origin to their final location within the chloroplast is at least partially controlled by concomitant synthesis of proteins by the chloroplast ribosomes. PMID- 1125388 TI - Kinetics of lysosomal storage of indigestible matter. AB - In lysosomal storage diseases and in accumulation of lipofusion in the lysosomes there is a gradual eroding of the lysosomal system due to overloading the lysosomes by molecules which cannot be digested or expelled. The kinetics of this accumulation is examined for tissue cultures in terms of the cell growth rate, lysosomal production rate, and of generation of the indigestible element. PMID- 1125389 TI - Laser light-scattering investigations of the teleost swimbladder response to acoustic stimuli. AB - When a laser pencil is directed through the teleost swimbladder fringe patterns can be seen in the far-field that are (a) highly sensitive to the orientation and position of the swimbladder with respect to the incident pencil and (b) a representation of contributions from each membrane through which the light passes. The fringe pattern fluctuates in intensity, and to some extent in position, in response to driving forces that distort the swimbladder. The spectrum of these very small distortions can be measured by standard light scattering techniques. This method was used to study the response of in situ swimbladders to imposed acoustic fields and evidence for a sharp roll-off of the response at frequencies above 1,000 Hz was found. Models for these effects are discussed. PMID- 1125390 TI - Some self-consistent two-state sliding filament models of muscle contraction. AB - The general formalism required to treat two-state sliding filament models of muscle contraction, including free energy considerations, is first reviewed and amplified. This formalism is then used to examine, and modify as needed, three models studied previously by Podolsky and Nolan, in which cross-bridge attachment detachment and ATP turnover are not tightly coupled. No attempt is made here to establish an optimal, self-consistent model of this type because our interest is primarily in methadology rather than in fitting experimental results. But it appears from this preliminary study that such a model, with satisfactory mechanical and thermodynamic properties, could be found. An extremely simple but unrealistic two-state model is also studied which is of interest because it demonstrates the fact that it is possible, in principle at least, for sliding filament models to work with very high thermodynamic efficiencies (50-100 percent). An appendix is included that is concerned with the form of the dependence of certain first-order rate constants on the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and P. PMID- 1125391 TI - Intercellular connectivity in the eight-cell Xenopus embryomcorrelation of electrical and morphological investigations. AB - The distribution of individual intercellular electrical junctions has been examined in eight-cell Xenopus embryos using linear systems analysis. Morphological evidence for corresponding intercellular contacts has been sought by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical investigation indicated that each cell is directly coupled to each of the other seven cells by identical resistive junctions. Scanning electron microscopy of the cell surfaces of cleaved embryos revealed protrusions from the surfaces of the cells which could mediate such intercellular connections. Light microscopy of serial sections through the embryos also showed fine processes of the cell surfaces which come into contact with several other cells. The complete intercellular connectivity suggested by these results appears to be an extension of similarly close connectivity in the two- and four-cell embryos. The possible significance of this high connectivity to morphogenesis is discussed. PMID- 1125392 TI - A model of myoglobin self-organization. AB - The self-organization of helical regions of myoglobin into a compact tertiary structure is considered on the basis of the hypothesis on the step-wise mechanism of self-organization of protein molecules. It is assumed that the self organization begins with the formation of "centers of crystallization" and proceeds with the growth of on such center or by a sequential collapse of two or more grown centers. Different pathways of self-organization of myoglobin are considered; the most favourable structures corresponding to the greatest number of dehydrated bulky hydrophobic groups and to all the strongly hydrophilic groups exposed to water are selected at every stage of the given pathway and the others are neglected. One of the two most favourable structures obtained in such a way coincides in rough resolution with the native tertiary structure of protein. PMID- 1125393 TI - Electrophoresis of randomly oriented cylindrical particles. PMID- 1125394 TI - Determination of the equilibrium constants of self-associating protein systems. XI. The application of C-(r) in graphical analysis and the enumeration of interacting species in the ultracentrifuge. AB - A greatly simplified procedure is proposed which employs C equals f(r) as determined from sedimentation equilibrium measurements in graphical analysis of self-associating protein systems and in the enumeration of interacting species in the ultracentrifuge. Basic equations given here are applicable to any self associating system. A procedure is outlined for enumeration of interacting components independent of non-ideal behavior, using principal component analysis. PMID- 1125395 TI - Hydrodynamic structure of helix Pomatia hemocyanin. PMID- 1125396 TI - Coupling between a transconformation surface reaction and hydrodynamic motion. PMID- 1125397 TI - [Response of the anterior hypothalamus to unilateral sciatic nerve injury]. PMID- 1125398 TI - [Cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of the microvessels of serous membranes]. AB - The morphological substrate of double (sympathetic and parasympathetic) innervation of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed of serous coat was studied in cats. The architectonics of both components of the vasomotor innervation in the pericardium, the pleura and the peritoneum was examined by histochemical methods used for revealing the cholinergic (Koelle-Gomori) and the adrenergic (Falck-Hillarp) neutral structures. the quantitative predominance of the elements of adrenergic innervation over the cholinergic ones was revealed in the identical portions of the arterial bed. Vegetative innervation of the terminal arteries and capillaries was unsteady in character and proved to be essentially confined to single synaptic contacts arising along the course of adrenergic and cholinergic terminals. Vegetative innervation of the venous supply including the postcapillary venules and small collecting veins was extremely poor and frequently not found at all. PMID- 1125399 TI - [Surface electrical properties of the formed elements of the blood and blood coagulation properties]. AB - Isoosomotic solutions of lithium, potassium and rubidium chlorides promoted hemocoagulation, and sodium chloride failed to influence the processes of blood coagulation. There proved to be no direct relationship between the changes in the processes of blood coagulation and the surface electrical charge of erythrocytes and platelets. Hemocoagulation changes were apparently associated with the whole complex of surface phenomena occuring on the border of division of phases (blood cells membrane-blood plasma), and also with specific influence of the ions under study on the functional properties of erythrocytes and platelets. PMID- 1125400 TI - [The neuronal composition of the intramural nerve plexi of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - The neuronal population of the intramural ganglia of the gastrointestinal tract was studied in cats by the method of fluorescent microscopy. Three neuronal populations were revealed in the intramural ganglia of the intact animals. The first population showed no specific catecholamine fluorescence. The perikaria of the second population were not fluorescent, but there were adrenergic synapses on the surface of these nerve cells. The third population of the neurons displayed a specific catecholamine fluorescence of the perikarion and the processes. Intraperitonal injection of exogenic noradrenaline in a dose of 1 mg produced an increase in the number of the nerve cells with a specific fluorescence which permitted us to suggest that the intramural ganglia of the gastrointestinal tract contained, along with parasympathetic intramural neurons, also the sympathetic ones the majority of which were capable of specific fluorescence only after an induced elevation in them of the mediator content. PMID- 1125401 TI - [The effect of hypoxia on the function and metabolism of alveolar macrophages]. AB - Cytochysiological and cytophotometric studies carried out for 9-11 days on rabbits showed that hypoxic hypoxia (equivalent to the altitude of 5000 m) led to depression of the phagocytic activity of the alveolar macrophages. Simultaneously macrophages of the lungs displayed an increase in the activity of lactic and glucoso-6-phosphoric dehydrogenases, and a reduction of malic dehydrogenase activity. Experiments carried out in vitro with the macrophages of guinea pig lungs demonstrated that cell respiration served as the principal source of energy required for phagocytosis. A conclusion was drawn that respiratory inhibition in hypoxia was not compensated by activation of glucolysis and glucose metabolism in the pentose shunt and was the principal cause of disturbances of the phagocytic function of macrophages of the lungs. PMID- 1125402 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the nephron during ischemia and organ "survival"]. AB - Ultrastructural analysis of the epithelium of the proximal and the distal portions of the kidney nephron of albino rats in "survival" of the organ in the cadaver and in experimental ischemia showed a different reaction of the cells to these actions. An intracellular edema and characteristic changes in the ultrastructure of the mitochondria appear in the tubular epithelium during the organ autolysis in the animal cadaver. Under conditions of experimental ischemia, against the background of intracellular edema, there develop marked changes in the lysosomal apparatus of the cells, swelling of the mitochondria and also a marked dilatation of the cysternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and of the Golgi complex. PMID- 1125403 TI - [A device for rat liver perfusion in situ]. PMID- 1125404 TI - [A method of recording the contractions of isolated vessels using a photoresistor]. PMID- 1125405 TI - [Mechanisms of the effect of orotic acid on the growth and development of young rats]. AB - Chronic administration to ratlings of potassium orotate in a dose of 75 mg/kg from the 5th to the 14th day and of 150 mg/kg from the 15th to the 30th day after birth led to a significant acceleration of growth and functional maturation of the animals. The rate of growth in the experimental ratlings was much greater at periods of from the 5th to the 14th and from the 21st to the 30th days than in control animals, but showed no significant difference on the 14th-20th days. Growth acceleration at the period of from the 5th to the 14th days dues to a higher (in comparison with control) activity of the vegetative systems (increased oxygen consumption, frequency of respiration and cardiac contractions at rest). On the 21st-30th days growth acceleration in the experimental animals was associated with an earlier reduction in the activity of the vegetative systems and of the sympathico-adrenal regulation mechanisms, this being pointed to by a fall in catecholamine content in the adrenal glands and the brain. PMID- 1125406 TI - [The effect of serotonin and histamine antagonists on the inflammatory process in the living organism]. PMID- 1125407 TI - [Post-tetanic hyperpolarization of lake-frog isolated nerve fibers]. AB - Posttetanic hyperpolarization (PTH) parameters of a single node of Ranvier remained unchanged with increase of the stimulation duration of over 0.1 sec. PTH was insensitive to strophanthin, but was eliminated by tetraethylammonium. Resistance of the membrane of node of Ranvier measured by the amplitude of anode impacts proved to be lovered during the PTH by 50%. A conclusion was drawn that PTH of the isolated nerve fibers was caused by the persistence of increased potassium permeability during and after the end of tetanus. An increase in duration of tetanization failed to lead to the appearance of PTH associated with active ion transport. PMID- 1125408 TI - [Dynamics of nucleic acid and protein concentration and synthesis during adaptation to hypoxia]. AB - Adaptation of female Wistar rats to hypoxia was carried out in the altitude chamber (barochamber) for 40 days, 6 hours per day at the altitude of 7,000 meters. By the end of the adaptation the relative weight of the lungs increased by 37 per cent (this seeming to indicate hypertrophy of the lungs), and the concentration of RNA in the lung tissue increased by 30 per cent; at the same time the RNA concentration in the lungs as a whole increased by 85 per cent DNA concentration in the lung tissue showed no essential change, and its content in the lungs increased at the same rate as the lungs' weight. An increase in protein synthesis in the lungs determined by the S-35-methionine incorporation constituted 133% in the adapted rats in comparison with control. PMID- 1125409 TI - [An autoradiographic study of kidney tissue with different frequency of exposure to a pathogenic factor]. AB - The kidney tissue was examined under normal conditions and also with a single and repeated administration of mercuric bichloride at intervals of 1 day and 1 week, autoradiographically with the use of thymidine-H3. Male albino mice (26) weighing 25-30 g were used in these experiments. Control mice displayed a relatively greater label index in the epithelium of the proximal tubules. With a more frequent action of the pathogenic factor on the kidney there proved to appear more DNA-synthesizing cells. It is supposed that the existing interrelationship between the number of labeled cells of the epithelium of the proximal tubules and of the flattened cells lying under their basal membranes served as a peculiar index of the regenerative manifestations in the tissue of the injured kidney. PMID- 1125411 TI - [A microfluorometric study of cell nucleus DNP-complex renaturation]. AB - A study of the kinetics of renaturation of the DNP in the nuclei of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with the aid of modified Riglers method showed the absence of renaturation of the preparations preliminarily headed to 65 degrees C. Heating the preparations to higher temperatures (75, 85 and 100 degreesC) led to the appearance of characteristic renaturation profiles with the maximum at a two minute incubation (direct measurement of the intensity of fluorescence of the nuclei of cells transfered into a cold citrate-salt solution, as a time function). PMID- 1125410 TI - [Formation of a stable DNA--protein bond following application of the bifunctional alkylating mutagen (embichin--HN2) to chromatin]. PMID- 1125412 TI - [The mechanism of the anticonvulsive action of diazepam]. AB - Diazepam was shown to be highly efficient in preventing the convulsive siezures induced by thiosemicarbazide and connected with GABA insufficiency. In recording the recovery cycles of the intracortical response of the cat motor cortex it was found that diazepam induced a decrease of the testing respone. These data indicate the enhancement of the inhibitory processes. Using this test an antagonistic relationship was observed between diazepam on the one hand, and biculline and thiosemicarbazide--on the other Diazepam was capable of increasing GABA content in the brain by suppressing GABA-transaminase activity in the mitochondrial fraction of the brain tissue. PMID- 1125413 TI - [The concentration of adenylic nucleotides in vescular walls following application of octadine and ornid]. AB - It was shown in experiments on rabbits that administration of octadine (10 mg/kg) and of ornid (10 mg/kg) and 1 hour (respectively) before the assessment failed to cause and changes in the adenylic nucleotides and inorganic phosphorus content in the aortic wall. Octadine administration led to reduction of the catecholamine level, but ornid, administered once or repeatedly, failed to cause any changes in the tissue catecholamine content. Repeated administration of these drugs in the same doses for 10 days caused an increase in the adenosinmonophosphoric acid content alone, without any essential changes in the other adenylic nucleotides and inorganic phosphorus content. An increase in the adenosinmonophosphoric acid content can be regarded as one of the mechanisms of pharmaco-mechanical relaxation of the smooth muscles in the vascular wall. PMID- 1125414 TI - [Pentacyclic triterpenes and ion excretion by rat kidneys]. AB - Experiments were conducted on rats. A study was made of water, sodium, potassium and creatine excretion 3 hours after the administration into the stomach of a 5% load with a 0.9% NaCl solution. In comparison with control, sodium excretion decreased considerably in the animals given 2 mg per 100 g of weight of trioxylupane or heterobetulin; water, potassium and creatine excretion remained unchanged. Sodium and water excretion increased with administration of dioxylupenal in a dose of 2 mg per 100 g of weight. Heterobetulin also increased the urinary potassium excretion under conditions of administration to rats of a 5% load with a 1.25% KCl solution. The data obtained were of interest for the understanding of the interrelationship between the structure of the substances and their physiological activity. PMID- 1125415 TI - [The effect of polysaccharide from typhoid bacteria on hemopoietic stem cells]. AB - A study was made of dynamics of the content of colony-forming units (CFU) in the spleen and the bone marrow of the nonirradiated F1 (CBA times C57BL) mice to which polysaccharide (PS) from typhoid bacilli was administered. A method of exogenous colony formation was used in this work. A single PS administration increased the CFU count in the bone marrow (2-2 1/2 times) and in the spleen (3 times). Repeated (6- and 9- time) administration of PS was not more effective than a single one. Apparently PS acted as an inductor which caused proliferation of the stem hemopoietic cells and maintained this process for a definite period of time automatically. PMID- 1125416 TI - [The effect of vagotomy on microcirculation in the wall of the stomach]. PMID- 1125417 TI - [Restitution of the immune response by macrophages following administration of immunodepressants to mice]. AB - A study was made of the restitution by peritoneal macrophages of the primary immune response in the organism of C3H mice immunized with bacteriophage T2 after the depressive effects of actinomycin D, olivomycin, rifamycin, chloroquin, chloramphenicol, of the histone F2a fraction and LPS. The cell transfer technique was used for studying the capacity of macrophages from normal mice to restitute the antibody synthesis in mice given immunosuppressive drugs. In cell transfer experiments the recipients immunosuppressed by drugs were capable of initiating a normal primary response to bacteriophage T2 when given macrophages from normal donors. The data obtained with the drug-treated recipients supported the concept that the antigen processing by the macrophage was necessary for initiating a primary type immune respones; they also demonstrated the selective susceptibility of macrophages to the immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 1125418 TI - [Formation of complete and incomplete antibodies by rabbits immunized with sheep erythrocytes]. AB - A parellel determination of incomplete and complete antibodies in rabbits immunized by various doses of sheep erythrocytes demonstrated that reduction of the titres of complete antibodies occurred more rapidly than that of imcomplete ones. Complete 7S-antibodies appeared in the blood of animals immunized with high doses of erythrocytes or after a repeated injection of low antigen doses. Incomplete 7S-antibodies are determined in the blood of rabbits after a primary immunization with high and with low doses of sheep erythrocytes, The titres of incomplete hemagglutinins were almost the same in the reaction with crude and trypsinized erythrocytes. As to the titres of complete hemagglutinins, they were greater in the reaction with trypsinized erythrocytes than in the reaction with crude cells, and approached the titres of incomplete antibodies. PMID- 1125419 TI - [Features of microcirculation in the liver during anaphylactic shock]. AB - Microcirculation in the liver was studied in rats and dogs with anaphylactic shock. Injection of a reacting dose of the horse serum led to elevation of systemic arterial pressure by an average of 20 mm Hg; there also occurred spasm of the sinusoids, hepatic venules and an acceleration of blood flow in them With the following blood pressure reduction to 60-40 mm Hg there was blood congestion in the vessels, retarded circulation, intravascular aggregation of the blood formed elements, hemorrhages and ischemic changes. Restoration of systemic arterial pressure and of microcirculation occurred in parallel; no complete normalization of microcirculation in the liver ensued, yet. PMID- 1125421 TI - [Use of scanning electron microscopy for studying the intersection of lymphocytes with tumor cells]. AB - With the aid of steroscan microscopy it was found that the state of surface membranes of the cells under study showed a significant change during the interaction of lymphocytes of BALB/C mice--bearers of methylcholantrene-induced sarcoma--with autologous tumour cells. Lymphocytes separated from the autologous tumour cells by a millipore filter formed long cytoplasmic processes which passed through the filter pores and came into close contact with tumour cells. Tumour cells acquired a spherical shape, and became swollen; "openings" appeared in the surface membrane, and this led to cell lysis. PMID- 1125420 TI - [The effect of adrenaline and cyclophosphamide on the growth and blood supply of experimental Guerin carcinoma]. AB - Tests were conducted on albino rats with experimental Guerin carcinoma. A method of the blood vessel injection and preparation of lucid and stained (with hematoxylin-eosine) sections, and determination of the density of the capillary network were used; intramuscular adrenaline injections proved to produce an inhibitory effect on the growth of Guerin carcinoma, this bein accompanied by its intensified microvascularization. Combined administration of cyclophosphan and adrenaline produced a marked antitumour effect on accout of an antiblastic actionof cyclophosphan enhanced by adrenaline. The detected direct relationship between the vascular system of Guerin carcinoma, the thickness of the capillary network and the effect of the theraputic action of cyclophospahan and adrenaline pointed to the role played by the blood supply of Guerin carcinoma in the antiblastic action of cyclophosphan in case of combined administration with adrenaline. PMID- 1125423 TI - [Circadian rhythm of total histone concentration in noradrenalinergic and serotoninergic neurons and their glial satellite cells]. AB - By means of photoelectric aperture cytospectrophotometry of fast green FCF strain sections the total histone content was determined in the nuclei and whole bodies of the neurons of the reticular formation, as well as in the nuclei of their glial satellite cells during various periods of the 24-hour cycle. In the noradrenalinergic neurons of the reticular formation of the lateral nucleus ther was revealed a circadian rhythm of the changes in the total histone content with the two maxima and the two minima per 24 hours in the neuronal bodies, but with only one period of fluctuations per 24 hours in their nuclei. On the contrary, in the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (serotoninergic) neurons of the paragiant-cell nucleus of the reticular formation the total histone content changes once in 24 hours in the cell bodies, but twice within the same period in the neuronal nuclei. The amplitude of fluctuations was markedly lower than in the corresponding neurons in the cells of the perineuronal neuroganglia, PMID- 1125422 TI - [Diurnal changes in the duration of mitosis in several tissues of young white rats]. AB - In the acinar cells of the pancreas of 7-day rats the duration of mitosis varied from 1.7 to 2.5 hours, in the hepatocytes--from 1.3 to 5.2 and in the epidermis- from 1.5 to 2.9 hours. The 24-hour variations in the mitotic index were expressed both by the changes in the duration of mitosis and by unequal rate of the cell entrance into mitosis. The peroid of renewal of the tissues under study markedly differing in adult animals proved to be approximately the same in rats aged 7 days (12,3 days in the pancreas and 20 days in the liver and the epidermis). PMID- 1125424 TI - [A cytochemical study of the dynamics of RNA synthesis as revealed in the metaphase chromosomes of HeLa cells]. AB - The rate of DNA and RNA synthesis was determined by autoradiography using selective procedure for obtaining large numbers of mitotic HeLa cells. It was shown that RNA which was resistant in situ to ribonuclease in solutions of high ionic strength was synthesized mainly at the end of the G1 period and the first part of the S period. The synthesis of RNAse-resistant RNA was not detected at the G2 period and during mitosis. PMID- 1125425 TI - [The effect of partial hepatectomy on the quantity of somatotropes in rat adenohypophysis]. AB - Two thirds of the liver was removed by Higgins and Andersons method in which male rat weighing from 100 to 150 g. Adenohypophysis of partially hepatectomized, sham operated and intact rats was studied 2, 4, 8-10, 25 hours, 2, 3, 6, 10, 14, 21 days after the operation. There was revealed a significant increase in the number of somatotropes 8-10 hours after the partial hepatectomy and a decrease in their content 25 hours after the operation, in comparison with their number in the smham-operated rats. The content of somatotropes in the adenohypophysis of the partially hepatectomized rats returned to the normal by the second postoperative day and failed to show any significant changes at the subsequent observation periods. The data obtained permit a supposition to be made on the participation of somatotropic hormone in the regulation of the restorative processes in the liver. PMID- 1125426 TI - Oxymetholone treatment for sickle cell anemia. AB - Seven patients with sickle cell anemia were treated with oxymetholone for at least 2 mo. Markedly increased basal rates of hemolysis and erythropoiesis were confirmed. The urinary erythropoietin excretion was either normal or lower than expected for the red cell mass, and an expanded blood volume was due primarily to an increased plasma volume. After androgen therapy, six patients demonstrated more than a fivefold increase in urinary erythropoietin, with an increase in red cell mass ranging from 17%-75% above the control value. All showed a decline in serum iron level to the 25-75 mug/100 ml range within 4 wk after the start of therapy. Less marked changes followed lower oxymetholone doses. Reversible hepatic toxicity, with a serum bilirubin concentration exceeding 50 mg/100 ml, occurred in one patient. Androgenic hormone therapy may be useful for selected adult patients with sickle cell disease when severe anemia contributes to disease morbidity. PMID- 1125427 TI - Metabolic effects of antisickling amounts of nitrogen and nor-nitrogen mustard on rabbit and human erythrocytes. AB - Nitrogen mustard (NH2) and Nor-nitrogen mustard (Nor-HN2) both inhibit the polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S in solution and in intact erythrocytes. Metabolic studies were undertaken to determine the feasability of an extracorporeal treatment with these or related agents. Glucose utilization, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, methemoglobin reduction, and incubation with acetylphenylhydrazine for Heinz body formation were performed, as well as specific assays for hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, ATP, reduced glutathione (GSH), and survival of autologous mustard-treated cells in rabbits. HN2 was found to enter red cells rapidly and bind to intracellular contents. Metabolic studies revealed no significant inhibition or alteration of function by Nor-HN2 at 10 mg/ml of whole blood. Rabbit red cell survival was also normal. HN2, however, inhibited glutathione reductase and blocked the free sulfhydryl group of GSH by forming serveral addition products of alkylated GSH. Heinz body test with acetylphenylhydrazine became positive in HN2-treated cells, and rabbit red cell survival was shortened considerably in the concentration range used to inhibit sickling. Ascorbic acid stimulation of the hexose shunt pathway was inhibited by HN2, but methylene blue stimulation remained unaffected. 14-C-HN2 remains bound to red cells in vivo, and the disappearance of radioactivity is similar to that found with 14-C-DFP (disopropylfluorophosphate). Oxygen affinity of both HN2 and Nor-HN2 treated human red cells remains virtually the same as that found in control samples. It is concluded that Nor-HN2 may be a suitable agent for an extracorporeal therapy, and that each mustard needs to be evaluated individually for its antisickling effects and its suitability for extracorporeal use. PMID- 1125428 TI - Tolerance to the granulocyte-releasing and colony-stimulating factor elevating effects of endotoxin. AB - Injection of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin into either CF1 or C57bl/6J mice leads to prompt increases in serum colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Repeated injections of endotoxin result in a dose-related hyporesponsiveness or tolerance to this effect. Tolerance is seen after either intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes of administration or challenge and occurs after one to two preinjections. Cross-tolerance to heterologous endotoxin (Escherichia coli) was also shown. This cross-tolerance is complete immediately after cessation of preinjections, but partial at later time intervals. Levels of a serum inhibitor of colony growth were decreased in tolerant mice, although this decrease is not statistically significant. Tolerant mice injected with endotoxin release granulocytes from the bone marrow normally, in spite of the absence of a CSF response. This suggests that neutrophil releasing activity (NRA) and CSF are separate entities. A marked marrow granulocytic hyperplasia develops after 7 or 20 days of endotoxin injections, despite the tolerance to the CDF-elevating effect of endotoxin. This granulocytic hyperplasia could still be mediated by serum CSF increases. A negative medullary feed-back secondary to the repetitive release of marrow granulocytes, however, is an equally plausible mechanism for the stimulation of granulocyte production. It is also possible that the decrease in serum inhibitors played a role in the sustained increase in granulopoiesis seen here. PMID- 1125429 TI - Selective damage to erythroblasts by 55-Fe. AB - The low energy and short range of 55-Fe Auger electrons were utilized in mice to deliver lethal intracellular radiation to iron-incorporating erythropoietic precursors with minimal radiation damage to other bone marrow cells. The ensuing intramedullary, selective erythropoietic death was demonstrated by absolute and differential bone marrow cell counts and by decreased blood uptake of 59-Fe. The decreased number of colony-forming units in spleen colony assay and the decreased ability of tranplanted bone marrow to protect fatally irradiated mice shows that the bone marrow was partially depleted of pluripotent stem cells. These data are interpreted to indicate an increased pluripotent stem cell utilization in response to increased demand for differentiation of stem cells along the erythropoietic pathway. PMID- 1125430 TI - Granulopoietic progenitors in suspension culture: a comparison of stimulatory cells and conditioned media. AB - Kinetic studies have been carried out to investigate the functional heterogeneity previously observed in populations of human marrow or peripheral blood cells separated by velocity sedimentation. The results obtained confirm the earlier results, in that slowly-sedimenting cells were found to stimulate both colony formation by granulopoietic progenitors and an increase in numbers of granulopoietic progenitors in suspension culture, while rapidly-sedimenting cells stimulated only colony formation and not increased progenitors in suspension cultures. Investigations of the properties of media conditioned by these two subpopulations of cells revealed no clear differences between them; both stimulated suspension cultures as well as colony formation, and both lost the former activity, but not the latter, after dialysis. The results contribute to the evidence that more than one process is regulated in cultures of granulopoietic progenitor cells. PMID- 1125431 TI - In vitro granulocyte production in patients with Hodgkin's disease and lymphocytic, histiocytic, and mixed lymphomas. AB - The in vitro granulocyte colony formation (CFU-C) was examined in 19 untreated patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease and in 25 untreated patients with histiocytic, lymphocytic, and mixed lymphomas. The patients with Hodgkin's disease and diffuse histiocytic, lymphocytic, and mixed lymphomas produced decreased numbers of granulocyte colinies, whereas patients with nodular histiocytic, lymphocytic, and mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic lymphomas showed normal granulycote colony growth. The acute response of CFU-C to combination chemotherapy (MOPP) is described in two patients followed with sequential marrow cultures through their indiction chemotherapy. The long-term effect of MOPP chemotherapy was examined in five patients who had completed chemotherapy 1.5-6 yr priot to in vitro examination. PMID- 1125432 TI - [Course and prognosis of panmyelopathy and isolated aplastic anemia. Retrospective study in 70 patients]. AB - From 1967 to 1972, 70 patients with aplastic anemia were observed and followed up to death or at least two years. 3 cases of pure red cell anemia, and 2 cases of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia are included. Detailed investigation of drugs taken within 6 months before onset of the disease revealed chloramphenicol in 20, butazones in 11 cases. Acute viral hepatitis preceded the hemopoietic failure in 2 patients. In addition to various combinations of anemia, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, monocytes were diminished in 35 and lymphocytes in 12 cases. Acid serum or sucrose tests were consistently negative. The patients were treated by short-term prednisone, long-term androgens and red cell and platelet substitution as needed. 2 years after onset of the disease, 33 per cent were in partial or complete remission, 30 per cent survived without remission, and 35 per cent had decreased. Correlation of various parameters with remission and survival showed the presence of a subgroup at risque, comprising patients with low marrow cellularity and clinically relevant diminution of all three cell lines at the time of diagnosis. Absolute lymphopenia and increase of plasma cells in the bone marrow were of poor prognostic significance. In this subgroup two years after the onset of the disease only 32 percent survivors and 16 per cent remissions were recorded. There was no conclusive evidence for the therapeutic value of prednisone or androgens in our series. The present situation in severe aplastic anemia requires more effective forms of treatment and justifies experimental therapies like bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 1125433 TI - Two rare complications of chronic benzene poisoning: myeloid metaplasia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients, one with myeloid metaplasia and the other one with PNH, both due to chronic exposure to benzene are presented. The patient with PNH exhibited also marked monocytosis as a rare hematologic finding of chronic benzene exposure. The etiological relationship between myeloid metaplasia, PNH and chronic benzene exposure is discussed. PMID- 1125434 TI - [Determination of purine derivatives in blood and plasma fractions]. AB - A method is described for the separation of adenine and guanosine from whole blood and plasma fractions, containing purinderivatives as anticoagulant additives. The highest concentration determined per gram human albumin or gamma globulin was 0.5 mg. Due to interactions with blood cells guanosine could only be detected in plasma which was stored for more than one week as whole blood. The amount of adenine and guanosine to be expected in therapeutical products is uncritical according to published pharmacological investigations. PMID- 1125435 TI - [Isolation and characterization of a 19S-alpha1-glycoprotein from human erythrocytes and its identification as placenta protein PP6]. AB - A high molecular weight protein was isolated from the hemolysate of washed human erythrocytes by a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration. The purified protein was found to have a sedimentation coefficient of 18,68S and a molecular weight of 8 times 10-5 to 1 times 10-6 daltons. In the presence of sodium dodezylsulfate the molecules are dissociated into at least four different subunits having molecular weights ranging from 12,000 to 30,000 daltons. The protein has the electrophoretic mobility of an alpha-1-globulin and an isoelectric point of pH 4.75. The chemical analysis revealed that the protein is chemical and immunochemical properties the 19S-alpha-1-glycoprotein from human erythrocytes was shown to be identical with the protein PP6 isolated from huamn placentae. The content of this protein in packed red blood cells was determined to be around 50 mg per 100 ml. PMID- 1125436 TI - Analysis of tissues of mallard ducks fed two phthalate esters. PMID- 1125437 TI - Toxicity of DFP and related compounds to squids in relation to cholinesterase inhibition and detoxifying enzyme levels. PMID- 1125438 TI - Confirmation of organophosphorus insecticides by chemical reduction. PMID- 1125439 TI - Loss of five pesticides from cultures of twenty-one planktonic algae. PMID- 1125440 TI - Hexachlorophene concentrations in human milk. PMID- 1125441 TI - Differntial uptake of endosulfan by the tissues of Mytilus edulis. PMID- 1125442 TI - A feeding study with diphenylamine in a dairy cow. PMID- 1125443 TI - A gravity-flow column to provide pesticide-laden water for aquatic bioassays. PMID- 1125444 TI - Effect of asulam in wildlife species acute toxicity to birds and fish. PMID- 1125445 TI - Effect of asulam in wildlife specie residues and toxicity in bobwhite quail after prolonged exposure. PMID- 1125446 TI - Pesticides in fish from a Hawaiian canal. PMID- 1125447 TI - Uptake of three polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT, and DDE by the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus raf. PMID- 1125448 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide residues in ground beetles (Harpalus pennsylvanicus) and Iowa soil. PMID- 1125449 TI - Extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from oil-contaminated sediments. PMID- 1125450 TI - Studies on combined effects of organophosphates and heavy metals in birds. I. Plasma and brain cholinesterase in coturnix quail fed methyl mercury and orally dosed with parathion. AB - We found that mercury potentiated the toxicity and biochemical effects of parathion. Male Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed a sublethal concentration of morsodren (4 ppm as methyl mercury) for 18 weeks. This resulted in an accumulation of 21.0 ppm of mercury in the liver and 8.4 ppm in the carcass. Birds fed clean feed and those fed morsodren-treated feed were orally dosed with 2, 4, 6, 8,and 10 mg/kg parathion, and their 48-h survival times compared. The computed LD50 was 5.86mg/kg in birds not fed morsodren and 4.24 in those fed the heavy metal. When challenged with a sublethal, oral dose of parathion (1.0 mg/kg), morsodren-fed birds exhibited significantly greater inhibition of plasma and brain cholinesterase activity than controls dosed with parathion. Brain cholinesterase activity was inhibited 41% in morsodren-fed birds and 26in clean-fed birds dosed with parathion, which suggested that the increase in parathion toxicity in the presence of morsodren was directly related to the inhibitation of brain cholinesterase. PMID- 1125451 TI - An air filter-pressurization unit to protect the tractor operator applying pesticides. PMID- 1125452 TI - The effects of lapsed time since feeding upon the toxicity of zinc to fish. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effects of elapsed time from feeding to exposure upon the tolerance of goldfish (carassiu auratus l.) to zinc. Methods followed those in the 24 hour static bioassay of the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (SMITH et al., 1973). Fish were fed for 25 minutes and at specific times after feeding (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 72 hours) groups of 10 fish were placed into 18 liters of water containing a lethal concentration (100 mg/l) of zinc as ZnSO4. Time until death was recorded for individual fish. A total of 420 fish (excluding controls) were exposed to zinc in the course of seven experimental runs. Statistical analysis revealed a slight but non-significant increase in survival time as the interval between feeding and exposure to zinc increased. These variations in survival time do not appear to be of sufficient magnitude to support the standard acute bioassay requirement that fish not be fed for 24 or 48 hours prior to their exposure to a toxicant. PMID- 1125453 TI - Phthalate esters: heartrate depressors in the goldfish. PMID- 1125454 TI - Factors affecting the volatility of DDT, dieldrin, and dimethylamine salt of (2,4 dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) from leaf and glass surfaces. PMID- 1125455 TI - Determination of the S-methyl isomer in technical grade fenitrothion by gas chromatography and high speed liquid chromatography;. PMID- 1125456 TI - DDT: short term effects on osmoregulation in black surfperch (Embiotoca jacksoni). AB - DDT injected intraperitoneally into black surfperch caused substantial increases in plasma osmotic concentration only at doses much larger than are likely to be encountered in nature. Increased plasma concentrations were below those tolerated by fish adapted to high salinities. Death of marine teleosts from DDT poisoning probably involves factors other than simply osmoregulatory failure. PMID- 1125457 TI - [Ecological chemistry LXXIII. Irradiation studies of Aldrin and chlordene adsorbed on silica gel surface]. PMID- 1125458 TI - Acute toxicity of beryllium sulfate to salamander larvae (Ambystoma spp). PMID- 1125459 TI - Metabolism of low oral doses of DDT and DDE by tame mule deer fawns. PMID- 1125460 TI - Lead extraction from aluminum. AB - The lead content of various aluminum samples was determined. The amount of lead was found to be in the range from 28-45 ppm. The leaching of lead from aluminum products by 5% acetic acid was negligible at room temperature, but up to 2 mg/liter was leached at 85 degrees C. Although no significant health hazard exists in the usage of aluminum in contact with food items, it is recommended that aluminum containers be conditioned by several extractions with dilute acetic acid at higher temperatures. PMID- 1125461 TI - Foliage residues of insecticides on cotton. PMID- 1125462 TI - Residue studies with silvex in apples. PMID- 1125463 TI - The microbial metabolism of di-n-butyl phthalate and related dialkyl phthalates. PMID- 1125464 TI - The effect of methyl mercury on the growth of the green alga, Coelastrum microporum Naeg. strain 280. PMID- 1125465 TI - Co-metabolism of m-chlorobenzoate by natural microbial populations grown under co substrate enrichment conditions. PMID- 1125466 TI - Persistence of azinphosmethyl in soil. PMID- 1125467 TI - Potential exposure of workers to parathion through contamination of cigarettes. PMID- 1125468 TI - Susceptibility of bluegil sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) to nonionic surfactants. AB - The present report provides a basis for direct comparison of the susceptibility of fish to alkylphenol and alcohol ethoxylates of various EO chain lengths. It is obvious from the data provided that susceptibility of bluegil to nonionic surfactants (both types) increases with decreasing EO chain length. Also it appears that bluegill are no more susceptible, and, in fact, are probably less susceptible to the acute effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates than of alcohol ethoxylates. PMID- 1125469 TI - Extraction rates of marker compounds from rubber closures for parenteral use. PMID- 1125470 TI - New process for the manufacture of sterile ophthalmic ointments. PMID- 1125471 TI - Design and construction of an Australian sterile products plant. PMID- 1125472 TI - Parenteral drugs used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 1125473 TI - Design and development of an elastomeric closure formulation. PMID- 1125474 TI - Dupuytren's contracture. I--Chemical pathology. PMID- 1125475 TI - Dupuytren's contracture. II--Scanning electron microscopic observations. PMID- 1125476 TI - The technique of recording nasal pharyngoscopy. AB - Nasal pharyngoscopy is a relatively simple and most informative technique requiring a small amount of very portable equipment. Recording the observations objectively is of considerable clinical and research value, but will require a two-man team, one of whom must be thoroughly versed in audio-visual communication techniques and apparatus. The equipment is more expensive and although it can be transported is probably best used at a routine site. PMID- 1125477 TI - A simplified method of recording in nasal pharyngoscopy. AB - In view of Pigott's work, it would appear that a pharyngoplasty without prior pharyngoscopy is similar to an operation on the bladder without cystoscopy. Now that a simple method of recording, which we consider invaluable, is available, we hope that nasal pharyngoscopy will become a routine examination in patients with speech defects. PMID- 1125478 TI - The superomedial dermal pedicle for nipple transposition. AB - A new method for nipple transposition employing a superomedial dermal pedicle is described for use in reduction mammaplasty and dermal mastopexy. The advantages include superior mobility, viability, sensation and normal appearing nipples and areolae. PMID- 1125480 TI - Reconstruction of the umbilicus. PMID- 1125479 TI - The correction of facial contour defects by precision-made silastic implants. PMID- 1125481 TI - Multiple digital replantation. A case report. PMID- 1125482 TI - Evidence that adrenergic nerves are responsible for the active uptake of noradrenaline in the guinea-pig isolated trachea. AB - 1 6-Hydroxydopamine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to guinea-pigs to destroy the adrenergic nerve terminals in the trachea. 2 The destruction was demonstrated by fluorescence histochemistry, which showed a marked loss of beaded fluorescent terminal fibres and by electrical transmural stimulation of the isolated atropinized trachea, which showed a marked reduction of dilator responses. 3 Such tracheae showed greatly reduced uptake-with-retention of (minus)-[3H] noradrenaline in incubation experiments and the efflux curve of radioactive material showed a selective but incomplete reduction in the volume of the slowly exchanging compartment. 4 It is concluded that much, but perhaps not all, of the uptake-with-retention occurs into adrenergic nerves. PMID- 1125483 TI - Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on the membrane potential of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. AB - 1 Cells of the aortic endothelium isolated from the guinea-pig and bathed at 37 degrees C with a calcium-free superfusion fluid had membrane potentials of minus 41 plus or minus 7 mV (mean plus or minus s.e mean). 2 Depolarization was produced by addition of potassium (50-200 mM) or certain other monovalent metal cations to the superfusion fluid. Depolarization was rapidly reversed on return to the original superfusate. 3 Several divalent metal cations, notably calcium (16 mM), caused depolarization which was only slowly and incompletely reversed on return to the original calcium-free superfusate. 4 Repolarization after exposure to calcium was accelerated and made more complete by addition of indomethacin (0.25 mM) to the superfusate, 5 The trivalent cations of lanthanum, aluminium or iron (0.1 mM) inhibited the depolarizing effect of calcium (16 mM). 6 Exposure to histamine (100 mug/ml) or heating to 45 degrees C for 1 h caused depolarization in the presence but not in the absence of calcium. Subsequent removal of histamine or cooling again to 37 degrees C in the continued presence of calcium permitted only slow and partial repolarization. However, repolarization was more rapid and complete in the presence of indomethacin (0.25 mM). 7 Heating to 45 degrees C for 5 h in the presence of calcium caused progressive and almost complete depolarization. Lanthanum, cinchocaine, indomethacin, flufenamic, meclofenamic and salicylic acids, phenylbutazone and aminopyrine each reduced the depolarization, but hydrocortisone, chloroquine, benzindamine, isoprenaline and aminophylline did not. PMID- 1125484 TI - Inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced human blood platelet aggregation by chlorpromazine and its metabolites. AB - 1 Blood platelets from normal human subjects were isolated and aggregated in vitro with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). 2 The effects of chlorpromazine and 7 major metabolites upon 5-HT-induced aggregation were investigated. 3 All the phenothiazines inhibited 5-HT-induced aggregation when added to platelet rich plasma 3 min prior to 5-HT. 4 There were no qualitative differences in the inhibitory effects, but inhibitory potency varied over a wide range. The decreasing order of potency was monodesmethylchlorpromazine, chlorpromazine, 7-hydroxychlorpromazine, didesmethylchlorpromazine, 3,7 -dimethoxy-chlorpromazine, didesmethylchlorpromazine sulphoxide, chlorpromazine sulphoxide, chlorpromazine nitroxide. PMID- 1125485 TI - An analysis of the phenomenon of acute tolerance to morphine in the guinea-pig isolated ileum. AB - 1 The observations which Paton (1957) interpreted as 'acute tolerance' and 'dependence' have been confirmed for coaxially stimulated segments of guinea-pig ileum and extended to the contractions evoked by field stimulation in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation. Evidence is adduced that the morphine receptors of the myenteric plexus are not involved in the two phenomena. 2 The contraction of the longitudinal muscle depressed by low concentrations of morphine, or levorphanol, can be restored to control level not only by high concentrations of morphine but also by levorphanol and equally well by its (+) isomer, dextrorphan, which does not fulfil the stereospecific requirements of the morphine receptor. Acetylcholine output was not increased. 3 When, after restoration of the twitch by high concentrations of morphine, the drug is washed out, contractions become depressed. This effect cannot be due to 'dependence' because either morphine or its antagonist, naloxone, restore the twitch again. 4 In the concentrations used, morphine, levorphanol and dextrorphan inhibit the cholinesterase of homogenates of the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation by 10-15%. Since a concentration of physostigmine which causes a similar inhibition also restores the twitch, it is concluded that the described phenomena are best explained by the anticholinesterase effects of the drugs. PMID- 1125486 TI - Use of the logistic function for the calculation of dose-ratios and potency ratios. AB - 1 Dose-ratios and potency ratios, obtained with the guinea-pig isolated ileum by calculating matching concentrations from a least-squares fit using a logistic relationship between response and dose, differ from those obtained with the more usual assumption that response is a linear function of log dose over a limited range. 2 The differences are not due to the mathematical treatment of the results but arise from changes in sensitivity associated with the production of very high or very low responses. 3 With this preparation there is no advantage in avoiding the linear transformation and fitting the results to the complete dose-response curve though this might not apply to results obtained from other tissues with less variable sensitivity. PMID- 1125487 TI - The effect of oxytocin on blood vessels of cremaster muscle of the rat. AB - Oxytocin administered intravenously to the anaesthetized rat produced dilatation of the blood vessels of the cremaster muscle at concentrations ranging from 2.5 times 10-minus 11 to 2.5 times 10-minus 9 M. When applied topically to the exposed vessels it produced constriction at concentrations ranging from 2.5 times 10-minus 12 to 5.0 times 10-minus 8 M. Oxytocin was thus similar to adrenaline in eliciting opposite effects when applied to the serosa or to the intima of skeletal muscle blood vessels. PMID- 1125488 TI - Kinetics and some characteristics of uptake of noradrenaline by the human umbilical artery. AB - The uptake of exogenously added noradrenaline (NA) (0.5-2.5 mug/ml) by the human umbilical artery was linear with time up to 10 minutes. The uptake was saturable and could be described by the Michaelis-Menten equation. The uptake was cocaine resistant, normetanephrine-sensitive, was considerably inhibited in the cold and was partially inhibited by Na+- deficiency. Of NA accumulated in the artery 31% could be washed out by NA-free medium. It is concluded that the mechanism of uptake of NA by the human umbilical artery is similar to the uptake2 mechanism. PMID- 1125489 TI - The effect of tricyclic antidepressants on cholinergic responses of single cortical neurones. AB - 1 The technique of microelectrophoresis was used in order to study the effects of tricyclic antidepressants on responses of single cortical neurones to acetylcholine. 2 Both potentiation and antagonism of excitatory responses to acetylcholine could be observed after a brief application of imipramine or desipramine. A higher dose of the antidepressant was required to evoke antagonism than to evoke potentiation. 3 Responses to carbachol were affected by desipramine similarly, suggesting the inhibition of cholinesterase is not responsible for the potentiation of cholinergic responses. 4 A brief application of atropine also had a dual effect on responses to acetylcholine. 5 It is suggested that the potentiation of excitatory cholinergic responses by atropine and the antidepressants may be due to the blockade of masked inhibitory receptors. PMID- 1125490 TI - The effect of sympathomimetic amines on the ventricular fibrillation threshold in the rabbit isolated heart. AB - 1 The ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was measured in the isolated heart of the rabbit perfused via the aorta with McEwen's solution at 37 degrees C by applying a single 10 ms pulse of current during the vulnerable period of late systole. The arrhythmia induced was either fibrillation or a rapid tachycardia. 2 The catecholamines adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline, but not dopamine, when infused at rates which produced similar moderate effects on cardiac rate and force, significantly lowered the VFT; it was reduced slightly more by adrenaline than by the other two. Phenylephrine and methoxamine were ineffective. Only those sympathomimetic amines which lowered the VFT also shortened the vulnerable time, i.e. minimal time after the R-wave of the ECG at which the pulse had to be applied to induce the arrhythmia. 3 The lowering effect of adrenaline on the VFT was not influenced by phentolamine but was blocked by propranolol and pindolol. 4 Chloroform potentiated the lowering effect of adrenaline, but not that of isoprenaline, on the VFT. Carbachol did not alter the effect of adrenaline on the VFT. 5 The results indicate that adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline lower the VFT by a direct action on the cardiac musculature and that this effect is mediated via beta-adrenoceptors. PMID- 1125491 TI - Some central effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine in young chickens at and below thermoneutrality. AB - 1 Three salts of 5-hydroxytryptamine, the hydrogen maleinate, the oxalate and the creatinine sulphate were infused into the hypothalamus of 10-18 day old chickens at ambient temperatures in and below the thermoneutral range. Body temperature was recorded and behaviour observed. Electrocortigrams were recorded in experiments in which 5-hydroxytryptamine hydrogen maleinate was used. The effects of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and methysergide on these responses were similarly studied. 2 At thermoneutrality (31 degrees C) all 3 salts produced behavioural sleep. 5-Hydroxytryptamine oxalate had inconsistent effects on body temperature. 5-Hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulphate produced hypothermia at small doses and mild hyperthermia at higher doses. 5-Hydroxytryptamine hydrogen maleinate produced hypothermia at all doses tested; the falls in temperature induced by this salt were intensified in magnitude and duration by monoamine oxidase inhibition unlike the responses to the other 2 salts. 3 At temperatures below thermoneutrality (16 degrees C) all 3 salts produced behavioural sleep and electrocortical sleep was recorded with 5-hydroxytryptamine hydrogen maleinate. All 3 salts produced hypothermia, which was intensified in magnitude and duration by monoamine oxidase inhibition. 4 The hypothermia produced by 5 hydroxytryptamine hydrogen maleinate was prevented by equimolar doses of methysergide. 5 The position of the cannula in the hypothalamus was found to be crucial. 6 The results contrast with those found in the adult fowl. No conclusion is drawn as to the relationships of the actions of these salts when infused compared with the effects of endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine release. PMID- 1125492 TI - A further investigation into the energy dependence of angiotensin II-induced contractions of isolated smooth muscle preparations. AB - 1 The energy dependence of angiotensin and acetylcholine-induced contractions of rat descending colon and uterus was investigated. 2 Differences were observed in the effect of anaerobic substrate depletion upon responses of colon and oestrous and dioestrous uterus. These were attributed to differences in the energy metabolism of the tissues and were correlated with differences in tissue levels of glycogen. 3 The preferential reduction of angiotensin responses of dioestrous uterus and descending colon when exposed to 2,4-dinitrophenol, was evidence for an energy dependent stage in the angiotensin response distinct from the contraction process itself. 4 The absence of a preferential reduction of the angiotensin response of oestrous uterus when exposed to 2,4-dinitrophenol appeared to be related to the ability of this tissue to generate ATP by anaerobic glycolysis. 5 It was concluded that the energy for the angiotensin response may be derived either anaerobically or aerobically, depending upon the tissue. PMID- 1125493 TI - Stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis by compounds formed in inflamed tissue. AB - 1 Rat paws were injected with carrageenin, and their subcutaneous tissue perfused 135 min later. These perfusates were injected intravenously into receptor rats in which they caused an attenuation of inflammatory responses. 2 The effect was not observed in adrenalectomized receptor rats nor in receptors with electrolytic lesions in the median eminence of the hypothalamus but persisted in adrenal demedullated animals. 3 The active perfusates also induced eosinopenia in normal or adrenal-demedullated animals, but not in adrenalectomized rats, and produced an increase in blood corticosterone with a concomitant decrease in the amounts of adrenal ascorbic acid. 4 The active perfusates did not affect the responses of isolated preparations to histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins and 5 hydroxytryptamine neither did they elicit changes of the arterial blood pressure in receptor animals. 5 The anti-inflammatory activity present in perfusates from inflamed paws seems to be formed slowly at the site of the developing inflammatory reaction, since perfusates collected 30-65 min after the injection of carrageenin were ineffective, as was plasma taken from donor rats at various time intervals after carrageenin injections. 6 It is suggested that the anti inflammatory factor present in the active perfusates exerts its action by stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. PMID- 1125494 TI - The possible occurrence of endogenous anti-inflammatory substances in the blood of injured rats. AB - 1 Using the carrageenin rat paw oedema test as an assay, an attempt has been made to confirm the presence of anti-inflammatory activity in the blood of rats with a chronic inflammatory lesion induced by a polyester sponge, and to relate such activity to the systemic anti-inflammatory effect exerted in situ by the lesion. In addition, plasma from rats given acetic acid intraperitoneally has been examined for anti-inflammatory properties. 2 The activity of serum obtained from sponge-bearing adrenalectomized Wistar rats did not differ significantly from that obtained from animals without implants. Furthermore, implanted sponges exerted no systemic anti-inflammatory effect. 3 Similar experiments were performed in sponge-bearing adrenalectomized Sprague-Dawley rats, plasma instead of serum being examined for anti-inflammatory activity. The plasma removed from such animals possessed no anti-inflammatory activity, whilst implanted sponges exerted a small, yet significant, systemic inhibitory effect. 4 When the irritancy of sponge implants was augmented with croton oil, more marked systemic anti-inflammatory effects were observed. However, the plasma obtained from rats injured in this manner exerted no anti-inflammatory effect. 5 No anti inflammatory activity could be detected in plasma samples obtained from rats treated with doses of acetic acid capable of producing pronounced systemic anti inflammatory effects. 6 It was concluded that the induction of these inflammatory lesions in rats does not appear to lead to a detectable release of endogenous anti-inflammatory substances into the circulation. PMID- 1125495 TI - The prevention by sulphydryl compounds of the toxicity in the cat of 2,6 dimethoxyphenol and its morpholinopropionyl ester. AB - 1 Intravenous (minus)-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-2-morpholinopropionate hydrochloride (M&B 16,573) produced anaesthesia of short duration in the mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, dog and monkey. In the cat but not in other species, a severe and usually fatal toxic reaction was seen 1-2 h after administration. 2 This toxic reaction but not the anaesthetic properties of M&B 16,573 was prevented by the intravenous administration of cysteine or N-acetylcysteine. Cysteamine or dimercaprol were ineffective. 3 Intravenous administration of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol or 2,6 dimethoxyquinol in the cat produced a response similar to the delayed toxic effects of M&B 16,573 but not preceded by anaesthesia. The toxic effects of these compounds were prevented by cysteine. 4 Intravenous 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-2 morpholinopropionate hydrochloride produced anaesthesia in the cat without the delayed toxic effects seen after M&B 16,573. 5 The acute toxicity of 2,6 dimethoxyquinol in mice was reduced by the administration of cysteine or N acetylcysteine. 6 It is postulated that the delayed effects produced by M&B 16,573 in the cat are due to the formation of 2,6-dimethoxyquinol and 2,6 dimethoxybenzoquinone in this species, the toxicity of the latter being reduced by sulphydryl compounds. PMID- 1125497 TI - Psychiatry amongst the Australian Aborigines. PMID- 1125496 TI - Studies on the kinetics of (3H)-ouabain uptake and exchange in the isolated papillary muscle of the guinea-pig. AB - 1 The uptake, wash-out and exchange of [3H]-ouabain was studied in isolated, resting, and electrically stimulated papillary muscles of the guinea-pig. 2 At the equilibrium level of uptake, a different tissue/medium ratio was obtained for each of the concentrations used, i.e. 3.4, 1.8 and 0.82 for 1 times 10-minus 7M, 7.7 times 10-minus 7M, and 5 times 10-minus 6M ouabain, respectively. Equilibrium was reached more rapidly at high concentrations of ouabain. 3 The maximum number of binding sites for ouabain was estimated to be 1 times 10-15 binding sites/g wet weight. 4 No difference in [3H]-ouabain uptake could be detected between resting and electrically stimulated papillary muscles. 5 The kinetics of the ouabain uptake, wash-out and exchange are discussed. The results suggest that there is a saturable compartment in papillary muscle which can best be demonstrated if low concentrations of ouabain are used. Because of its small size, the saturable compartment submerges in the process of the filling of the extracellular space at high concentrations (5 times 10-minus 6M). PMID- 1125498 TI - LETTER: The court of protection and alcoholics. PMID- 1125499 TI - LETTER: Student health services. PMID- 1125500 TI - Cross-national study of diagnosis of the mental disorders: a comparison of the diagnoses of elderly psychiatric patients admitted to mental hopsitals serving Queens County, New York, and the former Borough of Camberwell, London. PMID- 1125501 TI - The psychiatrist in search of a science. III--The depth psychologies. PMID- 1125502 TI - Evaluation of a psychogeriatric service: the distinction between psychogeriatric and geriatric patients. PMID- 1125503 TI - Poronography, the law and mental health. PMID- 1125504 TI - Multivariate analysis: the need for data, and other problems. AB - Multivariate analyses are an aid to, not a substitute for critical thinking in the area of data analysis. Meaningful results can only be produced by these methods if careful consideration is given to questions of sample size, variable type, variable distribution etc., and accusations of subjectivity in interpretation can only be overcome by replication. The computer revolution has produced many problems for statisticans, not least of which is the ease with which experiments may access packages of programs for multivariate analysis, and so bypass a "difficult" (by which is meant one who will not do simply as he is told) statistician. Of course there are many abusers of univariate statistical methods. Here, however, the abuses are not likely to lead to such seriously misleading results as in the multivariate case. Perhaps a major cause of the continuing misuse of statistical methods is the insistence of many journal editors in psychology and related areas, on articles being laced with multivariate analyses, and on encouraging the pedantic use of signifance levels, i.e. the inevitable p less than minus, as if such inclusions lent an air of respectability to their journal which it might not otherwise have had. Research workers in these fields would be better encouraged to devote more time to an initial screening of their data using simple graphical techniques, to ensure that their data are at least approximately suitable for more complicated multivariate analyses. PMID- 1125505 TI - Reduced central serotonergic activity in mania: implications for the relationship between depression and mania. PMID- 1125506 TI - The male: female ratio among the siblings of delinquents. PMID- 1125507 TI - Responses to complex erotic stimuli in homosexual and heterosexual males. PMID- 1125508 TI - The chronic patient's comprehension and recollection of his own clinical review. PMID- 1125509 TI - Red cell folate and macrocytosis during long-term anticonvulsant therapy in non anaemic mentally. Retarded epileptics. PMID- 1125510 TI - Self-destructive behaviour in oral and intravenous drug-dependent groups. PMID- 1125511 TI - Further report on prophylatic lithium in recurrent affective disorders. PMID- 1125512 TI - Group counseling of alcoholics by a voluntary agency. PMID- 1125513 TI - Letter: Use of 1974 A.A.M.D. classification in hospitals for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 1125514 TI - Helping the chronic psychiatric patient in an industrial therapy setting. An experiment in inter-disciplinary co-operation. PMID- 1125515 TI - Psychosocial and electroencephalographic studies of Egyptian murderers. PMID- 1125516 TI - Stress in schizophrenics and normals. AB - This paper presents findings related to the measure of stress in 641 schizophrenics(125 acutes and 516 chronics) and 95 comparable normals. Stress was defined as an imbalance between environmental demands and the respondent's ability to meet that demand successfully, and was measured in terms of level of stress experienced in relation to specific problem situations. Twenty-one dimensions of stress were measured, subsumed under thefollowing four general areas: social performance, family interaction, social interpersonal interaction, and social maladaptive activities. Results indicated that, in general,normals experience significantly less stress in dealing with life events than do schizophrenics. Within the schizophrenic group, the pseudoambulatory chronic patients evidenced more stress than did their acute counterparts, a finding not previously described in the literature. Implications of these findings do not support the present community after-care concepts. Discharged chronic schizophrenics appear unable to remain in the community for any reasonable period of time because of the high level of stress under which they function. PMID- 1125517 TI - The Marke-Nyman temperament scale in depression. PMID- 1125518 TI - The brain stem in psychosis. AB - The brain stems of 24 mental hospital patients and 10 control patients were examined. Ten mental hospital patients were either deluded or auditorily hallucinated in clear consciousness, and of this group 8 presented with a diagnosis of schizophrenic syndrome. The nature and significance of lesions found in the midline reticular nuclei and the trigeminal n. are discussed. The results, and the dearth of other published material on this subject, indicate the need for further work in this field. PMID- 1125519 TI - Information leading to accurate diagnosis in the elderly. AB - Psychiatric diagnosis in the elderly has been examined in order to extract the information which leads to later modification of the diagnosis. Initial diagnoses of neuroses and toxic states were least stable, 14 out of 29 changing to a different category. Information from relatives and further interviews contributed most to the modification of the initial diagnosis, though affective and neurotic syndromes were particularly susceptible to change resulting from conceptual differences, and dementia to change consequent on physical examination. It is concluded that an adequate initial interview of a patient and his next of kin will achieve a diagnosis which is correct in its major category on 95 per cent of occasions. PMID- 1125520 TI - Educational attainment in adolescent school phobia. AB - The educational attainment of 100 school-phobic youngsters was compared to that of 100 other psychiatric patients, using the reading quotient as the main measure. Age and IQ were allowed for. RGs were, on average, higher in the school phobic group than in the other subjects, except in a small number of younger children of high IQ. Additional comparisons with another group of psychiatric patients and with the general population,using regression equations, failed to provide any evidence of poor educational attainment in school phobia. PMID- 1125521 TI - Observations on the dose regime of fluphenazine decanoate in maintenance therapy ofschizophrenia. AB - An analysis of the drug regimes prescribed to two separate groups of unselected schizophrenic patients indicates certain trends of clinical importance. The results demonstrate a need for the adoption of a personalized dose regime. The scatter of dose regimes found effective is too great to recommend a standardized approach to the prescription of L.A.P. injections. Two other results of particular significance are that the dose of drug required to control symptoms can be gradually reduced in nearly half of patients,and that helpful trends in prescribing were identified that will help the clinician to abolish side-effects. PMID- 1125522 TI - Accidents and drug treatment in a psychiatric hospital. AB - A survey of 351 accidents occurring in a two-year period in a psychiatric hospital showed that 77 per cent of the accidents involved female patients and 48 per cent involved patients with organic psychoses; 236 accidents were falls and 280 occurred in the ward setting. In 277 instances adequate controls were available. Seventy-five per cent of the accident patients had received a psychotropic drug on the day of the accident as opposed to 61 per cent of the controls. The possibility that the side-effects of psychotropic drugs may have contributed to some of these accidents is discussed. PMID- 1125523 TI - A technique of insight-directed psychotherapy for health service use. AB - A technique of psychotherapy seemingly compatible with psychoanalytical knowledge is described, and compared and contrasted with psychoanalysis. Its mode of action, efficacy, advantages and difficulties, and its suitability for once-a week individual or group psychotherapy and therefore for Health Service use is discussed. PMID- 1125524 TI - Evaluation of group therapy: correlations between clients' and observers' assessments. AB - An attempt to compare observers' evaluations of aspects of group psychotherapy with the patients' assessments of the same selected variables (i.e. 'acceptance', 'abreaction'and 'improvement') is described. Correlation coefficients between the observers' and clients' rankings of these factors were obtained, and the implications of the findings are discussed in relation to each group. PMID- 1125525 TI - Letter: fact and fiction in the care of the mentally handicapped. PMID- 1125526 TI - Letter:interaction between depressed patients and their spouses. PMID- 1125527 TI - Letter: serum creatine kinase in acute psychosis. PMID- 1125528 TI - Letter: haloperiodol in the treatment of stutter. PMID- 1125529 TI - Personality characteristics of alcoholic and depressed patients. PMID- 1125530 TI - A token economy ward programme with chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 1125531 TI - Empiricism in psychotherapy: behavioural specification and measurement. PMID- 1125532 TI - Nitrazepam (Mogadon) dependence. PMID- 1125533 TI - Segmental intervertebral anastomosis in subclavian steal. AB - Segmental intervertebral arterial connections originate from normal vascular channels which are commonly seen on selective vertebral arteriography. In subclavian steal, these vessels can hypertrophy and form important collateral pathways. The significance of their haemodynamic contributions may be assessed by their multiplicity and calibre. Lateral or oblique projections in addition to frontal visualization may be required to differentiate the various transcervical channels which lie either anterior or posterior to the vertebral bodies. PMID- 1125534 TI - Left coronary artery contrast transit time. AB - With our method for selective left coronary arteriography it is possible to determine the time interval between the start of the contrast injection into the artery and the appearance of the contrast in the coronary sinus. This time interval, coronary contrast transit time (CCTT), has been determined in patients with or without obstructing coronary artery disease. The average CCTT was about four seconds with some individual variations. The CCTT tended to decrease with advancing age. There was no significant difference between the CCTT in patients with normal angiograms compared to the CCTT in patients with coronary stenoses or occlusions. In the latter patients, there was no correlation between the degree of narrowing on the angiograms and the time-measurements. Alternative explanations for these findings are discussed. PMID- 1125535 TI - Urinary ascites and obstructive uropathy. AB - Seven infants with urinary ascites caused by obstructive uropathy are reported. The extravasation occurs in the kidneys and produces an opaque halo, best seen in delayed films at excretory urography. The common cause is a posterior urethral valve which forms an obstructive sail-like structure. PMID- 1125536 TI - Radiotherapy by several sessions a day. AB - The early clinical experience with external beam radiotherapy using three treatment sessions a day is briefly reported. Thirty-seven patients suffering from advanced malignant disease, mostly of the breast or neck, were treated. The normal tissues tolerance was similar to the tolerance of daily fractions using the same doses. PMID- 1125537 TI - A comparison of the effects of radiation on tumour growth delay and cell survival. The effect of radiation quality. AB - Measurements have been made of the effects of 250 kV X-rays and cyclotron produced neutrons on the delay in growth of a rat fibrosarcoma (RIB5C) and on tumour cell survival assayed in vitro after irradiation in vivo. For doses above 300 rads of neutrons the RBE for cell survival was greaer than that for tumour growth delay. This may be due to X rays causing a greater delay in cell proliferation than neutrons for a given level of cell survival. This would be the opposite effect to that found by BBarendsen and Broerse (1969), irradiating a rat rhabdomyosarcoma. Another possibility is that meassurements of cellular radio sensitivity which involve removal of cells from their normal environment may lead to incorrect estimates of cell survival in situ. A plot of the RBE for growth delay against the reciprocal of the neutron dose indicated that the dose level at which the RBE became dependent on the fraction of hypoxic tumour cells was larger than that for cell survival, indicating a smaller "effective" hypoxic fraction than that estimated from the cell-survival curves. PMID- 1125539 TI - International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. Report to the International Executive Committee of the XIIIth international congress of radiology. PMID- 1125538 TI - Mechanism of radioactive iodine uptake depression following intravenous urography. AB - The radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake examination is a standard test for the evaluation of thyroid diseases. For many years it has been known that the results of the RAI are depressed following administration of iodinated contrast media, such as that used for intravenous urography (Williams, 1968; Beierwates, 1956; Slingerland, 1957). The mechanism of this depression is not well documented. It is presumably due to inorganic iodide since it is only inorganic iodide that can be extracted from the blood by the thyroid gland. To study this problem we measured inorganic iodide in bottled contrast media. PMID- 1125540 TI - Letter: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and 13 pairs of ribs. PMID- 1125541 TI - Letter: Excess late subcutaneous fibrosis. PMID- 1125542 TI - Letter: The accumulation of 99Tcm antimony sulphide in a kidney affected by malignant disease--a case report. PMID- 1125543 TI - Ionizing radiation as a carcinogen: practical questions and academic pursuits The Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture delivered at The British Institute of Radiology on April 18, 1974. AB - Cancer is naturally very common, and practical questions about the possibility of radiation-induced harm are often questions about what in other contexts would be called background noise. Central to the question of whether small radiation exposures are carcinogenic is the effect of antenatal radiography. A comparison of singleton and twin births with radiography rates of 10 and 55 per cent respectively showed that radiography must be the main cause of the elevated frequency of malignant disease. In Japanese bomb survivors, most radiation induced cancer has been found in those irradiated in adult life, less in those irradiated in childhood and adolescence, and least for exposure in utero. Specific biological differences between different kinds of malignant disease in their induction by ionizing radiation are becoming increasingly evident. When dose-response relationships for observed cancer frequencies are to be used as evidence about dose-response relationships for cancer induction, it will always be necessary to allow for the concomitant cell sterilization. When this is done, there is little support for linearity as the method of extrapolation when making predictions about possible effects of low doses but the absence of threshold seems scientifically inescapable. In cellular terms, radiation induction of cancer must be a very rare phenomenon, so rare compared with cell sterilization or mutation induction, that the general corpus of radiobiological understanding may be inapplicable. PMID- 1125544 TI - Tomography of the petrous bone in keratosis obturans. AB - Three cases of keratosis obturans, which were studied by tomography of the petrous temporal bone, are described. The widening of the deep bony part of the external auditory canal by pressure erosion of an impacted benign slowly-growing mass is the key radiological finding. Erosion was so severe as to involve the facial nerve canal in one and the temporo-madibular joint in two cases. The theories of causation are reviewed. Tomography using elliptical tube movement was valuable in diagnosis, pre- and post-operative management. PMID- 1125545 TI - Histiocytosis-X of the hypothalamus. AB - Hypothalamic masses associated with histiocytosis-X may be mistaken for neoplasms. As a result radiation therapy will often be administered rather than chemotherapy, which appears to be the treatment of choice for histiocytosis-X of the hypothalamus. Particularly in young people, the possibility of granulomatous disease should be entertained and biopsy should be considered in the presence of a hypothalamic mass. PMID- 1125546 TI - Soft tissue radiography of the testicles. PMID- 1125547 TI - The measurement of regional ventilation during tidal breathing: a comparison of two methods in healthy subjects, and patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Regional ventilation has been measured in 17 healthy volunteers, and 24 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease during tidal breathing using 133-Xe. The wash-in and wash-out of 133-Xe were recorded by a gamma camera interfaced to a small digital computer. Regional ventilation was calculated as the distribution of tidal volume per unit lung volume-a measure of relative ventilation--and from the wash-out curves as the fractional exchange of air per second. Determination of the regional fractional exchange of air showed a significant difference between the patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and normal subjects for all regions. The distribution of tidal volume per unit lung volume did not effect such a clear separation. Significant correlations were found between the whole-lung fractional exchange of air in the patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and their FEV1 r equal 0-70, MMFR r equal 0-70, FVC r equal 0-56 and FEV1/FVC r equal 0-57. It is suggested that measurement of regional ventilation as the fractional exchange of air is more realistic than methods that determine relative ventilation or only make use of the early part of the wash-out 133-Xe. PMID- 1125548 TI - Liver and pancreas scanning in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice (with special reference to tumours of the bile and hepatic ducts). AB - 198-Au-gold colloid liver scans and 75-Se-selenomethionine pancreas scans in 72 patients with extrahepatic obstructive jaundice were assessed by blind marking. They were compared with liver and pancreas scans from 20 control patients and liver scans from 33 patients with diffuse liver disease. 56 per cent of the liver scans in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice showed a filling defect in the hilar region of the liver. This was most frequently seen in the most deeply jaundiced patients, and was reported in 80 per cent of patients with a serum bilirubin greater than 15 mg/100 ml. The liver scan alone cannot distinguish between different forms of extrahepatic obstructive jaundice although severe loss of left lobe uptake appeared to favour a diagnosis of carcinoma of the bile or hepatic ducts. A normal pancreas scan virtually excludes a pancreatic carcinoma as the cause of obstructive jaundice. A pancreas scan showing severely reduced uptake suggests a carcinoma of the pancreas or of the lower end of the common bile duct. PMID- 1125549 TI - Post-irradiation proliferation kinetics of a serially transplanted murine adenocarcinoma. AB - The proliferation kinetics of the transplanted adenocarcinoma 284 of C3H mice from the first to the sixth day after 600 R and from the first to the eigth day after 1,200 R has been studied by repeated labelling of the tumour cells in vivo with 3-H-thymidine and measurement of the labelling index and the percentage of labelled mitotic cells. The time course of the post-irradiation synchronization was followed during the first day. Later, the mean generation times of the tumour cells were usually prolonged and the spread of the generation times increased. Three to four days after irradiation, the tumour increased its growth fraction to twice the normal value by triggering resting cells (Go cells) into cycle. PMID- 1125550 TI - In vivo testing of hypoxic radiosensitizers using the KHT murine tumour assayed by the lung-colony technique. AB - The KHT transplantable tumour of C3H mice has been used as a model tumour for the invivo study of hypoxic cell sensitizers. Eleven sensitizers comprising four nitrofuran five nitrobenzene and two nitroimidazole derivatives, which have been shown to be effective on hypoxic mammalian cells in vitro, have been investigated. Two of these compounds, metronidazole (2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1 ethanol) and tinidazole (ethyl [2-(2'-methyl-5'-nitro-1'-imidazolyl) ehtyl] sulfone), showed signs of hypoxic cell-sensitization in vivo when given systemically by intraperitoneal injections. In addition, preliminary testing of the nitrobenzene NDPP (P-NITRO-3-DIMETHYL-PROPRIOPHENONE HYDROCHLORIDE) INDICATED THAT WHEN IT WAS INJECTED DIRECTLY INTO THE TUMOUR AND IRRADIATION WAS COMPLETED WITHIN TEN MINUTES AFTER INJECTION, APPRECIABLE SENSITIZATION WAS OBTAINED. More detailed studies indicated that both metronidazole at 1,500 mg/kg and tinidazole at 750 mg/kg given intraperitoneally gave an enhancement ratio of 1-5 for a chronically hyopix cell population in this solid tumour in air-breathing mice. Measures of plasma levels of metronidazole and enhancement ratios obtained in the present in vivo system seem in relative agreement with the in vitro and in vivo results of others. PMID- 1125551 TI - Osteoblastic metastases from a hypernephroma. PMID- 1125552 TI - Letter: Variation of skin dose in mammography--a comparison of blue X-ray film (Medichrome) with conventional black and white (Kodak PE 4006). PMID- 1125553 TI - Letter? A device to indicate elution strength of 99 TCM generators. PMID- 1125554 TI - Letter: Exposure reduction using new screen/film combination. PMID- 1125555 TI - Editorial: Screening of the newborn for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 1125556 TI - Editorial: Polyarthritis and Yersinia enterocolitica infection. PMID- 1125557 TI - Editorial: Disaster planning-facts or fiction? PMID- 1125558 TI - Editorial: Dental anaesthesia: the final act. PMID- 1125559 TI - Editorial: Influencing governments. PMID- 1125560 TI - Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen among Scottish blood donors: evaluation of sensitive tanned-cell haemagglutination-inhibition test. AB - A total of 70 224 blood donations were tested at three Scottish blood transfusion centres for hepatitis B surface antigen /HBsAg) by an economical haemagglutination-inhibition method (E.H.A.I.) and the results compared with those of counterelectrophoresis (C.E.P.). A further 4086 donations were tested using the Wellcome turkey cell haemagglutination test, C.E.P., and E.H.A.I.E.H.A.I. was also compared with commercial haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay reagents for sensitivity and specificity against several established antigen panels and used to reinvestigate counterelectrophoresis negative blood donations implicated in post-transfusion hepatitis. E.H.A.I. combines the inherent specificity of an inhibition reaction with a sensitivity equal to that of commercial radioimmunoassay and haemagglutination kits but at a fraction of the cost. The assessment of 70 224 blood donations in three regions showed that E.H.A.I. detected more antigen-positive blood donations than C.E.P. Results of retesting more than 100 blood donors implicated in 10 cases of post transfusion hepatitis suggested that the use of E.H.A.I. or a test of similar sensitivity in place of C.E.P. may significantly reduce the incidence of this complication. PMID- 1125561 TI - Which techniques should be used to screen blood donations for hepatitis B surface antigen? AB - Preservation of all donor sera already tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (C.I.E.P.) allowed C.I.E.P., reversed passive haemagglutination (R.P.H.A.), and radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.) to be evaluated as screening techniques. Out of 165 811 donors tested for the first time 207 were found by C.I.E.P. to be positive for HBsAf-a prevalence of 0-12%. At the next donation 10 of those apparently negative on first screening were HBsAg positive by C.I.E.P., and nine of these were shown by retesting with R.P.H.A. and R.I.A. to have been positive at the earlier donation. These nine false negatives caused four cases of transfusion-transmitted HBsAg-positive hepatitis. On comparative screening of 22 239 donations C.I.E.P. detected 27 sera positive for HBsAg, R.P.H.A. 39, and R.I.A. 41. Thus R.I.A. increased the detection rate by more than half over C.I.E.P. From these 14 further false negative donations by C.I.E.P. six cases-one fatal-of HBsAg-positive hepatitis occurred. The number of false positive reactions when using R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. for screening was less than 1%. As many as 700 donations in one day have been tested by R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. R.P.H.A. is faster and less expensive than R.I.A., but R.I.A. is more objective. Either R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. should replace C.I.E.P. as the routine method of screening donor sera for HBsAg. PMID- 1125562 TI - Cushing's syndrome and pituitary-adrenal suppression due to clobetasol propionate. AB - Widespread application of clobetasol propionate resulted in suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary axis in four patients. Three patients showed Cushigoid features and developed symptoms of adrenocortical insufficiency on withdrawal of clobetasol. PMID- 1125563 TI - Letter: Solitary pulmonary nodules. PMID- 1125564 TI - Q fever presenting with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 1125565 TI - Ultrasound in management of clinically diagnosed threatened abortion. PMID- 1125566 TI - Running and primary osteoarthritis of the hip. PMID- 1125567 TI - Urinary retention and intestinal obstruction associated with ano-rectal Herpes simplex virus infection. PMID- 1125568 TI - Attitudes towards self-poisoning. AB - Self-poisoning now constitutes one of the prime emergencies in hospital medical practice. This paper describes the results of the study of the attitudes of physicians and senior nurses towards several common illnesses in the medical wards. The junior doctors and the nurses who frequently have primary responsibility for the care of the self-poisoners tend to show unfavourable attitudes towards these patients. PMID- 1125569 TI - Attitudes towards alcoholism. AB - An attitude survey of psychiatrists has shown that alcoholism is the least favoured of the organic and psychiatric illnesses. They considered that this attitude was shared by general physicians and surgeons. The unfavourable attitudes towards alcoholism are unlikely to improve the success of treatment programmes. It is suggested that education within the professions is needed. PMID- 1125570 TI - Effect of teaching on students' attitudes to self-poisoning. AB - The attitudes of students, resident house physicians, and medical social workers towards 10 medical conditions were assessed in relation to both personal attitudes and the opinions expressed of the attitudes of the medical profession. Final-year students and house physicians showed unfavourable attitudes towards self-poisoning in contrast to fourth-year students and medical social workers. The fourth-year students were given the opportunity to admit patients referred to hospital with self-poisoning and visited the family doctor and the patient after discharge. After this exposure there was a subjective impression that the students became more interested in the problems of use self-poisoned patients, and this was supported by a review of their attitudes at the end of the teaching project. PMID- 1125571 TI - Prospects for European medicine. PMID- 1125572 TI - Letter: Risks and uses of total hip replacement. PMID- 1125573 TI - Letter: gianotti-Crosti syndrome and viral infection. PMID- 1125574 TI - Letter: practolol-induced pleurisy and constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 1125575 TI - Letter: Adrenal tumours and hypertension. PMID- 1125576 TI - Letter: Injudicious first-aid. PMID- 1125577 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis. PMID- 1125578 TI - Letter: Human Tissue Act. PMID- 1125579 TI - Letter: Toxaemia of pregnancy and plasma prolactin. PMID- 1125580 TI - Letter: Uterine rupture in labour. PMID- 1125581 TI - Letter: Consultants' fees for dental anaesthetics. PMID- 1125582 TI - Editorial: Doubts about lignocaine. PMID- 1125583 TI - Editorial: Involuntary facial movements. PMID- 1125584 TI - Editorial: Lesson not yet learned. PMID- 1125585 TI - Editorial: Reward for work done. PMID- 1125586 TI - Comparison of debrisoquine and guanethidine in treatment of hypertension. AB - A cross-over trail of debrisoquine and guanethidine in 32 patients showed that both drugs were equally effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The degree to which they were tolerated by the patients, however, differed greatly. After three months on each drug 18 patients preferred debrisoquine, nine preferred guanethidine, and five showed no particular preference. At current prices the cost of daily treatment to the patient was cheaper with debrisoquine than with guanethidine. PMID- 1125587 TI - Detection of continuing gluten ingestion in treated coeliac patients. AB - To assess the incidence and effects of continuing gluten ingestion in coeliac disease 51 adult coeliac patients were studied after four to 132 (mean 63) months on a prescribed gluten-free diet. Each patient completed a prospective dietary questionnaire, underwent a repeat jejunal biopsy, and gave serum for gluten antibody estimation. Altogether 65% of patients were still ingesting gluten, often inadvertently. Direct questioning on dietary habits had failed to uncover most of this consumption. The gluten antibody test proved a useful screening test for detecting continuing gluten ingestion and patients with both persistent subtotal villous atrophy and gluten antibodies were almost certain to be taking large amounts ( more than 2 g/day). The presence of persistent partial villous atrophy was found, however, to be an unreliable guide to gluten intake. PMID- 1125588 TI - Oxygen therapy for pneumatosis coli. PMID- 1125589 TI - Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in typhoid fever. PMID- 1125590 TI - Psychological medicine. Psychiatry in Britain: an introduction. PMID- 1125591 TI - Outbreak of idiopathic erysipelas in a psychiatric hospital. AB - In an outbreak of idiopathic erysipelas ten women patients, aged 42-74, in a long stay unit of a psychiatric hospital were simultaneously affected. Group A streptococci M-type 1 were isolated from two isolated from two patients with erysipelas and 18 carriers, but subsequent serological tests for type-specific antibody, antistreptolysin O, and anti-deoxyribonuclease B showed that the infection had been widespread in the unit. Treatment with ampicillin proved ineffective and to prevent relapse it was substituted by a standard course of intramuscular penicillin. This seems to be the first epidemic of this type to be reported and certainly the first outbreak of idiopathic erysipelas to be investigated by modern serological techniques. PMID- 1125593 TI - Letter: Liver flukes: a warning. PMID- 1125592 TI - Surgery of violence. III. Intensive care of patients with bomb blast and gunshot injuries. PMID- 1125594 TI - Letter: Long survival from acute leukaemia in childhood. PMID- 1125595 TI - Letter: Tubal transplants. PMID- 1125596 TI - Letter: Anticonvulsant osteomalacia and vitamin D. PMID- 1125597 TI - Letter: Plasma levels of antidepressants and anticonvulsants. PMID- 1125598 TI - Letter: Possible hazard of nitrous oxide for hysteroscopy. PMID- 1125599 TI - Letter: Poisoned children. PMID- 1125600 TI - Letter: Small bowel tumours. PMID- 1125602 TI - Letter: Blow-out fracture. PMID- 1125601 TI - Letter: Removal of potassium from fruit juices by ion exchange. PMID- 1125603 TI - Letter: S.L.E.-like syndrome associated with mitochondrial antibodies. PMID- 1125604 TI - Letter: Canine smokers. PMID- 1125605 TI - Letter: Reorganization in Yorkshire. PMID- 1125606 TI - Letter: Adverse effects of publicity. PMID- 1125607 TI - Letter: Essential thrombocythaemia, polycythaemia, and peripheral gangrene. PMID- 1125608 TI - Letter: Kilopascals. PMID- 1125609 TI - Letter: Ouabain in heart failure. PMID- 1125610 TI - Letter: Overseas doctors in the U.K. PMID- 1125611 TI - Letter: Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by analgesics in relation to asthma. PMID- 1125612 TI - Letter: Lithium poisoning precipitated by diuretics. PMID- 1125613 TI - Letter: Patient-satisfaction in general practice. PMID- 1125614 TI - Letter: Amitriptyline and imipramine poisoning in children. PMID- 1125615 TI - Letter: Mycoplasma pneumonia with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 1125616 TI - Letter: Maternity fee. PMID- 1125617 TI - Editorial: Viruses and heart. PMID- 1125618 TI - Editorial: More about febrile convulsions. PMID- 1125619 TI - Editorial: Suicide in children. PMID- 1125620 TI - Editorial: Routine chest radiographs in hospital. PMID- 1125621 TI - Editorial: Tailored treatment for varicose veins. PMID- 1125622 TI - Editorial: Ask your friendly pharmacist. PMID- 1125623 TI - Untoward effects associated with practolol administration: oculomucocutaneous syndrome. AB - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, conjunctival scarring, fibrosis, metaplasia, and shrinkage developed in 27 patients as an adverse reaction to practolol. Rashes, nasal and mucosal ulceration, fibrous or plastic peritonitis, pleurisy, cochlear damage, and secretory otitis media also occurred in some cases. Three patients suffered profound visual loss though most retained good vision. Symptoms and signs improved on withdrawal of the drug, but reduction of tear secretion persisted in most patients. PMID- 1125624 TI - Myasthenia gravis associated with penicillamine treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Four patients with rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) developed myasthenia gravis after taking penicillamine. In one patient withdrawal of the drug was followed by spontaneous remission of the myasthenia, and in two the dose of anticholinesterase was subsequently reduced. In the fourth patient continuing penicillamine treatment was associated with increasingly severe myasthenic features, but on withdrawal of the drug these resolved. As myasthenia gravis rarely complicates R.A. its onset in these patients shortly after the start of penicillamine treatment suggested that penicillamine may have precipitated this condition. PMID- 1125625 TI - Formalin asthma in hospital staff. PMID- 1125626 TI - Anticoagulant resistance: an unusual case. PMID- 1125627 TI - Endocarditis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. PMID- 1125628 TI - Psychological medicine. Stress and distress. PMID- 1125629 TI - Surgery of violence. V. Missile wounds of the head and spine. AB - The patient with a cerebral gunshot wound has a very unstable condition. In Belfast emphasis has been laid on rapid evacuation and on starting resuscitation within a few minutes of injury. Early and adequate transfusion combats shock; controlled ventilation helps limit the rise in intracranial pressure. Intracranial haematomata should be sought by early operation. Operation seldom improves neurological function in missile wounds of the spine. PMID- 1125630 TI - Indications for angiography and surgery in carotid artery disease. AB - The results of angiographic investigation of 211 patients suffering from transient cerebral ischaemic attacks in the carotid territory have been reviewed. The greatest proportion of patients with carotid stenosis and who were referred for endarterectomy were those with a neck bruit ipsilateral to the affected hemisphere. Ocular involvement (amaurosis fugax) was associated with a still higher prevalence of angiographic abnormality, and carotid occlusion was commonest in this group. The implications for the management of patients with transient ischaemic attacks are discussed. PMID- 1125631 TI - Emigration of doctors: a problem for the developing and the developed countries. Part I. PMID- 1125632 TI - Letter: Chicago. Malpractice and the state of the nation. PMID- 1125633 TI - Letter: Long survival from acute leukaemia in childhood. PMID- 1125635 TI - Letter: Pseudopatients. PMID- 1125634 TI - Letter: Treatment of myeloma. PMID- 1125636 TI - Letter: Drug combinations for anaesthesia. PMID- 1125637 TI - Letter: Anaemia in pregnancy. PMID- 1125638 TI - Letter: Magnesium depletion and digoxin toxicity. PMID- 1125639 TI - Letter: Aetiology of chronic renal failure and renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 1125641 TI - Letter: Teaching and the patient. PMID- 1125640 TI - Letter: Dementia associated with clonidine therapy. PMID- 1125642 TI - Letter: Prolactin and pre-eclampsia. PMID- 1125644 TI - Letter: Wife battering. PMID- 1125643 TI - Letter: Restriction of medical aid in abortion. PMID- 1125645 TI - Letter: A new service. PMID- 1125646 TI - Negligence speaking for itself. PMID- 1125647 TI - Editorial: Cold hypersensitivity. PMID- 1125648 TI - Editorial: Steroids in the eye. PMID- 1125649 TI - Editorial: Coronary costs. PMID- 1125650 TI - Editorial: Side effects of methyldopa. PMID- 1125651 TI - Editorial: Undiagnosed haematuria. PMID- 1125652 TI - Editorial: Polarization of attitudes. PMID- 1125653 TI - Plasma immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and skin pigmentation in chronic renal failure. AB - Plasma immunoreactive beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) concentrations were greatly increased in patients with chronic renal failure. There was no correlation between the severity of the renal failure or the degree of pigmentation and the plasma beta-MSH levels. PMID- 1125654 TI - Cardiac arrhythmia and imipramine therapy. PMID- 1125656 TI - Psychological medicine: personality disorders. PMID- 1125655 TI - Porphyria variegata provoked by contraceptive pill. PMID- 1125657 TI - The emigration of doctors: a problem for the developing and the developed countries. Part II. PMID- 1125658 TI - The trainee year--a critical appraisal. AB - Answers to questionnaires distributed to all trainees in the Scottish south-east region in 1972 and 1973 showed a wide variation between the standard of teaching in individual practices. This was partly due to a failure of the organizing bodies to give proper guidance on the modern concepts of training to the trainers, and partly to a lack of enthusaism by some of the trainers. It is particularly important that the training practices are well equipped with equipment and books and journals relating to general practice. For the trainee vocational training programmes, attendance at day release courses, contact with fellow trainees, and appropriate "on call" duties are similarly important. If these and other recommendations were brought to the attention of the trainers by an effective, co-ordinating committee, the standards of general practice teaching would rise, as would the quality of patient care in the community. PMID- 1125659 TI - Conversations with consultants: falling standards and sagging morale. PMID- 1125660 TI - Letter: Motor insurance and ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 1125661 TI - Letter: Cervical epithelial dysplasia. PMID- 1125662 TI - Letter: Classification of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 1125663 TI - Letter: Needs and resources. PMID- 1125664 TI - Letter: E.C.G. abnormalities associated with raised intracranial pressure. PMID- 1125665 TI - Letter: Unusual diathermy hazard. PMID- 1125666 TI - Letter: Lumbar puncture. PMID- 1125667 TI - Letter: Sex difference in normal neutrophil count. PMID- 1125668 TI - Letter: Unity and diversity in schizophrenia. PMID- 1125669 TI - Editorial: Diagnostic ascitic tap in cirrhosis. PMID- 1125670 TI - Editorial: Dangerous aerosols. PMID- 1125671 TI - Editorial: Eyes, joints, and intestines. PMID- 1125672 TI - Editorial: An easy death. PMID- 1125673 TI - Cellular and humoral immunity to hepatitis-B surface antigen in active chronic hepatitis. AB - The hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAG) may be persistently present in the serum in a few cases of active chronic hepatitis but the cause of the disease in most patients is unknown. In a study of 39 HBsAg-negative cases cell-mediated immunity to HBsAg was observed in 24 (62%), suggesting a high frequency of previous infection with the hepatitis-B virus. Hepatitis-B surface antibody was detectable by radioimmunoassay in six patients, in all of whom complexes of HBsAg were present in the serum on electron microscopy. Out of 12 patients with HBsAg positive active chronic hepatitis who were also studied eight, including all those untreated at the time, showed a cellular response to the antigen. Evidence of sensitization to a liver-specific cell surface lipoprotein was found with similar frequency in the two groups. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hepatitis-B virus infection is important in initiating the disease in many cases of active chronic hepatitis and that sensitization to the liver cell membrane antigen is the autoimmune process responsible for the perpetuation of the liver injury. PMID- 1125674 TI - Highly selective vagotomy for duodenal ulcer: do hypersecretors need antrectomy? AB - Two to five years after highly selective vagotomy (H.S.V.) for duodenal ulcer the results were similar in patients with high preoperative maximal acid outputs and those with lower acid outputs. Pain of ulcer type was experienced at some time by 6% of patients from each group, but it was mild and transient in some. No patients had recurrent ulceration at endoscopy or laparotomy, while incidence of individual symptoms was about equal in the two groups. Hence H.S.V. is adequate surgical treatment for patients with both duodenal ulceration and high levels of acid secretion. Antrectomy in such patients is not necessary provided that the incidence of incomplete vagotomy can be kept low. PMID- 1125675 TI - Depression of sublingual temperature by cold saliva. AB - Sublingual and oesophageal temperatures were compared at various air temperatures in 16 subjects. In warm air (25-44 degrees C) sublingual temperatures stabilized within plus or minus 0-45 degrees C of oesophageal temperatures, but in air at room temperature (18-24 degrees C) they were sometimes as much as 1-1 degrees C below and in cold air (5-10 degrees C) as much as 4-4 degrees C below oesophageal readings. The sublingual-oesophageal temperature difference in cold air was greatly reduced by keeping the face warm, but it was not reduced in two patients breathing through tracheostomies and thereby eliminating cold air flow from the nose and pharynx. Parotid saliva temperature was low and saliva flow high during exposure, and cold saliva seemed to be mainly responsible for the erratic depression of sublingual temperature in the cold. These results indicate hazards in the casual use of sublingual temperatures, and indicate that external heat may have to be supplied to enable them to give reliable clinical assessments of body temperature. PMID- 1125676 TI - Lymphoma presenting as "Idiopathic" juvenile osteoporosis. PMID- 1125677 TI - Intracardiac short circuit. PMID- 1125679 TI - Letter: Medicine in television. PMID- 1125678 TI - Surgery of violence. VII. Gunshot wounds of the trunk. PMID- 1125680 TI - Letter: Aspirin, bile salts, and dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate. PMID- 1125681 TI - Letter: Endoscopy in dyspepsia. PMID- 1125682 TI - Letter: "Impossible" serum gentamicin levels. PMID- 1125683 TI - Letter: Hypotensive treatment for acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1125684 TI - Letter: Seasonal variations in urinary excretion of calcium. PMID- 1125685 TI - Letter: Abuse of fenfluramine. PMID- 1125686 TI - Letter: Serum muramidase activity in untreated cancer. PMID- 1125687 TI - Letter: Hepatitis in selective IgA deficiency? PMID- 1125688 TI - Letter: Ischaemic heart disease in young women. PMID- 1125689 TI - Letter: Women doctors in the N.H.S. PMID- 1125690 TI - Letter: Involuntary facial movements. PMID- 1125692 TI - Letter: Consultant contract. PMID- 1125691 TI - Letter: Medical management of transient ischaemic attacks. PMID- 1125693 TI - Editorial: After a coronary. PMID- 1125694 TI - Editorial: Pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel. PMID- 1125695 TI - Editorial: Of moles and malignancy. PMID- 1125696 TI - Editorial: Breast cancer and the discriminant. PMID- 1125697 TI - Editorial: Royal College of Radiologists. PMID- 1125698 TI - Effects of truncal, selective, and highly selective vagotomy on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer. Part I-Effect of vagotomy on response to oral glucose. AB - An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in patients who had undergone truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, bilateral selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty, or highly selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure at least six months earlier. The results were compared with those from patients with chronic duodenal ulcer before operation. In all three groups of patients after vagotomy more rapid rates of rise of blood glucose and higher peak concentrations were observed than in patients who were tested before operation. These differences were statistically significant only in patients who had undergone truncal or selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty and were probably due to more rapid rates of gastric emptying after these operations. Plasma insulin concentrations were lower after truncal vagotomy than after selective or highly selective vagotomy, the difference between truncal vagotomy and highly selective vagotomy being statistically significant. Truncal vagotomy resulted in a diminished insulin response to oral glucose, which could have been due to vagal denervation of the pancreas or, more probably, impaired release of small-bowel hormones which normally augment the pancreatic insulin response. PMID- 1125699 TI - Effects of truncal, selective, and highly selective vagotomy on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer. Part II-Comparison of response to oral and intravenous glucose. AB - Paired oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were carried out in patients who had undergone truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty, or highly selective vagotomy at least six months earlier. Intravenous glucose tolerance was similar in all three groups. Oral glucose elicited significantly higher concentrations of plasma insulin in patients who had undergone selective and highly selective vagotomy than in those treated by truncal vagotomy. When the same amount of glucose was given intravenously, however, plasma insulin concentrations were similar in all three groups of patients. The insulin secreted in response to intravenous glucose expressed as a percentage of that secreted in response to oral glucose was 112% for truncal vagotomy, 51% for selective vagotomy, and 52% for highly selective vagotomy. Truncal vagotomy thus led to a diminished insulin response to oral glucose, which was probably due to impaired release of small-bowel hormones. PMID- 1125700 TI - Use of oxytocin and incidence of neonatal jaundice. AB - A retrospective controlled study using data from the Cardiff Births Survey examined a possible relation between oxytocin administration to induce or accelerate labour and the subsequent development of neonatal jaundice. Among 10 591 infants born in Cardiff between 1970 and 1972 the incidence of neonatal jaundice was higher in infants born after oxytocin administration than among others. Analysis by gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar score, length of labour, sedative and analgesic therapy during labour, and suppression of lactation showed that this association held within all these categories except among small immature infants, who are at high risk of jaundice in any case. PMID- 1125701 TI - Placental scanning with computer-linked gamma camera to detect impaired placental blood flow and intrauterine growth retardation. AB - By retrospective analysis of 65 placental localization studies by a computer linked gamma camera the isotope studies by a computer-linked gamma camera the isotope uptake patterns were correlated with the eventual outcome of the pregnancies. The uptakes by anterior and lateral placentae were reduced in pregnancies which resulted in growth-retarded babies and statistically unrelated to the gestation of the pregnancy. This simple representation of placental blood flow could be a clinically useful index of placental function. PMID- 1125702 TI - Uterine rupture in labour. PMID- 1125703 TI - Busulphan toxicity syndrome caused by chlorambucil. PMID- 1125704 TI - Patient-orientated gastroenterology. AB - Analysis of the first year's working of a combined gastroenterology clinic in a district hospital has shown that the major benefit was improved patient management. Hospital attendances were reduced, the diagnostic process accelerated, and unnecessary radiological investigations and surgical operations avoided. There were no obvious major disadvantages. PMID- 1125705 TI - Letter from ... Canada. Musings from the hot stove league. PMID- 1125706 TI - Cost to National Health Service of social outcasts with organic disease. AB - The hospital medical records of a patient with chronic lung disease and intractable social problems have been analysed. Multiple admissions resulted in the patient spending nearly three years out of seven and a quarter years in Edinburgh hospitals and in the performance of repeated and ofter unnecessary medical investigations. Such patients are a source of considerable uneconomic expense to the National Health Service, but at present it is difficult to see how their medical and social demands can be met in any other way. PMID- 1125707 TI - Conversations with consultants. Non in Arcadia ego. PMID- 1125708 TI - Letter: Medicine on television. PMID- 1125709 TI - Letter: Potentiation of tardive dyskinesia: possible drug interaction. PMID- 1125710 TI - Letter: Undiagnosed haematuria. PMID- 1125711 TI - Letter: "Expedition nails". PMID- 1125712 TI - Letter: Gentamicin and gas gangrene. PMID- 1125713 TI - Letter: Treatment of bowel wounds. PMID- 1125714 TI - Letter: Possible role of laxatives in analgesic nephropathy. PMID- 1125715 TI - Letter: Tube transplants. PMID- 1125716 TI - Letter: Prolactin studies, pituitary tumour, and reproductive function. PMID- 1125717 TI - Letter: Falling standards and sagging morale. PMID- 1125719 TI - Letter: Imported sterile water. PMID- 1125718 TI - Letter: Gastrin heterogeneity: simple or complex? PMID- 1125720 TI - Letter: The trainee year. PMID- 1125721 TI - Editorial: Humidification of inspired air. PMID- 1125722 TI - Editorial: Solitary pulmonary nodules. PMID- 1125723 TI - Editorial: Fetal damage from breech birth. PMID- 1125724 TI - Editorial: About right? PMID- 1125725 TI - Hydroxyproline excretion in patients with breast cancer and response to treatment. AB - The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, measured as the hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio, was useful in monitoring the progression of metastatic cancer of the breast. After new treatment was started changes in the hydroxyproline excretion occurred earlier than other clinically observable responses. The test could therefore be used for predicting the response to treatment and early detection of the sensitivity of the tumour to hormone therapy. PMID- 1125726 TI - Occult pulmonary haemorrhage in leukaemia. AB - Through gleeding into the lung parenchyma is responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with leukaemia pulmonary haemorrhage is seldom diagnosed during life. We diagnosed occult pulmonary haemorrhage in five leukaemic patients with unexplained infiltrates on chest roetgenograms by examining alveolar macrophages retrieved by bronchopulmonary lavage. Macrophage haemosiderin content was greatly increased in the patients with pulmonary haemorrhage as compared to normal and thrombocytopenic control subjects. Haemoglobin and intact erythrocytes in alveolar macrophages were taken as evidence of recent haemorrhage. Intrapulmonary bleeding may occur often in patients with leukaemia, and bronchopulmonary lavage offers a safe approach to diagnosis and allows for concomitant identification of pulmonary infection. PMID- 1125727 TI - Gastro-oesophageal reflux complicating highly selective vagotomy. AB - An unacceptably high incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux was observed in a small series of patients with duodenal ulcer who had been treated by highly selective vagotomy. Possibly this is due to an altered angle of entry of the oesophagus into the stomach, and we now routinely narrow this angle at operation. PMID- 1125728 TI - Hypersecretion of glucagon and gastrin in severely burnt patients. AB - Hyperglucagonaemia and hypergastrinaemia were observed in some severely burnt patients during their illness. Hyperglucagonaemia seemed to be related to the severity of illness rather than to the burn itself, and the close correlation of glucagon concentrations with glucose and urea and its inverse correlation with bicarbonate concentrations suggest that glucagon might contribute to the hypercatabolic state. One patient developed high levels of gastrin and massive bleeding from a stress ulcer of the duodenum. Possibly gastrin hypersecretion may have a role in the pathogenesis of Curling's ulcer. PMID- 1125729 TI - Successful pregnancy in patient on regular dialysis. AB - A pregnancy in a patient undergoing regular dialysis treatment was successfully managed. Premature labour occurred at 32 weeks. Fetal nutrition was satisfactory and the infant developed normally and showed no congenital abnormality during 12 months' observation. PMID- 1125730 TI - Respiratory function in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1125731 TI - Slow release potassium chloride treatment. PMID- 1125732 TI - Patterns of incidence in acute pancreatitis. AB - A review of acute pancreatitis occurring over a 20-year period in the Bristol clinical area is reported. A total of 590 cases were available for analysis. The yearly incidence was 53-8 per million population at risk, with a mortality of 9-0 per million. This compares favourably with 11-4 deaths per million for England and Wales as a whole during the same period but the difference is not statistically significant. When the deaths occurring in the Bristol clinical area were expressed in terms of case mortality rate the figure was 17%. In contrast the mortality for recurrent acute pancreatitis was only 1-5%, and the benign nature of this second condition is confirmed. Aetiological factors and age and sex distribution were also analysed in relation to each other and to mortality. An increase in acute pancreatitis secondary to chronic alcoholism was confirmed and steroid pancreatitis also emerged as a definite entity in this survey. The pattern of recurrence in patients with idiopathic pancreatitis was studied in detail and is analysed on an actuarial basis. PMID- 1125733 TI - Letter: Emigration of doctors. PMID- 1125734 TI - Letter: Injudicious first-aid. PMID- 1125735 TI - Letter: Hormonal pregnancy tests and congenital malformations. PMID- 1125736 TI - Letter: Viruses and the heart. PMID- 1125737 TI - Letter: Essential fatty acid deficiency due to artificial diet in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1125739 TI - Letter: Battered babies. PMID- 1125738 TI - Better medical writing. PMID- 1125740 TI - Letter: Impaired colour vision in diagnosis of digitalis intoxication. PMID- 1125741 TI - Letter: Drug combinations for anaesthesia. PMID- 1125742 TI - Letter: Adverse effects of publicity. PMID- 1125743 TI - Letter: Cerebral vasodilators. PMID- 1125744 TI - Letter: Treatment of eye injuries. PMID- 1125745 TI - Poisoned children. PMID- 1125746 TI - Letter: Dust mites in hospitals. PMID- 1125747 TI - Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in gonorrhoea. A comparison with privampicillin combined with probenecid. AB - 419 patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea were treated with sulphamethoxazole 4 g. combined with trimethoprim 0-8 g. divided into two doses with an 8-hr interval. The failure rate was 1-9 per cent. Parallel with this trial, 319 patients received pivampicillin 1-4 g. combined with probenecid 1 g,; the failure rate was 0-9 per cent. Side-effects were few, four patients in the first group and one in the second group developing a rash. No recurrences were noted in nine patients treated for tonsillar gonorrhoea with the trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole schedule, while two recurrences were found in thirteen patients treated with pivampicillin-probenecid. The frequency of post-gonococcal urethritis was 7-7 per cent. in the pivampicillin-pro-benecid group against 3-4 per cent. in the trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole group, a difference which was not statistically significant. PMID- 1125749 TI - Editorial: The forthcoming year. PMID- 1125748 TI - Gonorrhoea in 1972. A 1-year study of patients attending the VD Unit in Uppsala. AB - During 1972 a total of 2,090 men and 1,489 women were seen in the VD clinic in Uppsala, Sweden. The most frequent diagnosis among the men was non-gonococcal urethritis (38 per cent.) and among the women non-gonococcal vaginitis (34 per cent.), N. gonorrhoeae was found in 22 per cent. of the men and in 33 per cent. of the women, 68 per cent. of the men with gonorrhoea attended because of symptoms, but 67 per cent. of the men without gonococcal infections came for the same reason. 39 per cent. of the women with gonorrhoea attended after being told by their sexual partner; it was found that women coming because of symptoms were most likely to have non-gonococcal infection. Gonorrhoea without subjective symptoms was found in 23 per cent. of the men and 50 per cent. of the women. Gonorrhoea was found in association with scabies in 9 out of 18 men and in 3 out of 5 women. A rising incidence of pharyngeal gonococcal infections has been noticed at the clinic and the figures for 1972 were 6 per cent. of the men and 9 per cnet. of the women with gonorrhoea. The route of infection was usually oro genital contact, but in some cases other routes had to be considered. It was not possible to define a promiscuous group of patients suitable for a planned study of prophylactic treatment, as only 2 per cent. of the men and 1 per cent. of the women had had nore than one gonococcal infection during the preceding year. The standard treatment for genital gonorrhoea (ampicillin 2 times 1 g. orally with a 5-hour interval) was very satisfactory and gave a 98 per cent. cure rate. This was possible because there were few gonococcal strains with decreased panicillin sensitivity. There were considerable problems in treating the pharyngeal infections, the standard treatment failing in 61 per cent. PMID- 1125750 TI - The effect of azaperone on post-mortem changes in pig and rabbit skeletal muscle. PMID- 1125751 TI - Streptothricosis in the domestic donkey (Equus asinus asinus). II. Bacteriological and immunological relationships of the strains of Dermatophilus congolensis isolated. PMID- 1125752 TI - Streptothricosis in the domestic donkey (Equus asinus asinus). II. Prevalence in Aaria, north-central state of Nigeria. PMID- 1125753 TI - An abattoir survey of bovine tuberculosis in the Karamoja region of Uganda. PMID- 1125754 TI - Evidence for the absorption of reducing sugar from the small intestine of the dairy cow. PMID- 1125755 TI - The reproductive performance of Brittish breeds of sheep in an equatorial environment. III. Further data on imported ewes and their progeny. PMID- 1125757 TI - Respiration in newborn Percheron foals when anaesthetized at a medium altitude of 1300 M. PMID- 1125756 TI - Observations on the experimental transmissibility of Border disease in sheep. PMID- 1125758 TI - Oestradiol and testosterone in male dogs with alopecia and feminization without testicular neoplasia. PMID- 1125759 TI - The feeding of copper sulphate to growing rabbits. PMID- 1125760 TI - Onchocerca gutturosa (Neumann, 1910) infection in Sudanese cattle. PMID- 1125761 TI - Bovine cutaneous besnoitiosis in the Sudan: a case report. PMID- 1125762 TI - Control of Gasterophilus intestinalis (de Geer, 1776) with dichlorvos. PMID- 1125763 TI - Salmonella dublin abortion in cattle: incidence and epidemiology. PMID- 1125764 TI - Physiological significance of somatic afferent pathways from skeletal muscle and joints with reflex effects on the heart and circulation. PMID- 1125765 TI - Electrodermal reflexes induced by activity in somatic afferent fibers. PMID- 1125766 TI - Changes in gastric motility produced by nociceptive stimulation of the skin in rats. PMID- 1125767 TI - Spinal organization of sympathetic inhibition by spinal afferent volleys. PMID- 1125768 TI - Central integration of the autonomic cardiorespiratory response to nasopharyngeal stimulation in the rabbit. PMID- 1125769 TI - Autonomic system control of the pineal gland and the role of this complex in the integration of body function. PMID- 1125770 TI - An electrophysiological study on the regulatory mechanism of blood sugar level in the rabbit. PMID- 1125771 TI - Nervous control of the urinary bladder of the cat. PMID- 1125772 TI - Ways of viewing the central nervous control of the circulation--old and new. PMID- 1125773 TI - Organisation of baroreceptor pathways in the brain stem. PMID- 1125774 TI - Central organization and interaction of the carotid baroreceptor and chemoreceptor sympathetic reflex. PMID- 1125775 TI - Spinal cardiovascular reflexes. PMID- 1125776 TI - Cardiac and autonomic system reactions to stretch of the atria. PMID- 1125777 TI - Integrated changes in regional circulatory activity evoked by spinal cord and peripheral thermoreceptor stimulation. PMID- 1125778 TI - Factors controlling the regional differentiation of sympathetic outflow- influence of the chemoreceptor reflex. PMID- 1125779 TI - Reflex autonomic control of heart rate and peripheral blood flow. PMID- 1125780 TI - Central organization of somatosympathetic reflexes in vasoconstrictor neurones. PMID- 1125781 TI - Diversity of regional sympathetic outflow in integrative cardiovascular control: patterns and mechanisms. PMID- 1125782 TI - Electrophysiological connections in the brain stem involved in cardiovascular regulation. PMID- 1125783 TI - Role of biogenic amines in certain pathological conditions. PMID- 1125784 TI - Patterning of sympathetic preganglionic neuron firing by the central respiratory drive. PMID- 1125785 TI - The problem of identification of autonomic neurons in the lower brain stem. PMID- 1125786 TI - A search for medullary neurons with activity patterns similar to those in sympathetic nerves. PMID- 1125787 TI - Facultative coupling of reticular neuronal activity with peripheral cardiovascular and central cortical rhythms. PMID- 1125788 TI - Neuronal organization of central vasomotor control mechanisms in the brain stem of the cat. PMID- 1125789 TI - [Treatment of trichomoniasis in a closed group of women (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125791 TI - [Plasma clearance of indocyanine green (Ujoviridin) in liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125790 TI - [An unusual case of thrombosis development in the renal artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125792 TI - [Our experiences with lumbar perimyelography using Conray 60 (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125793 TI - [Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus after radical resections (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125794 TI - [Contribution to the surgical treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125795 TI - [Significance of some immunological factors in the development of recurring respiratory diseases in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125796 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in herpetic encephalitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125797 TI - [Spontaneous puberty followed by precocious menopause in two girls with X monosomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125798 TI - Editorial: Pins can save lives. PMID- 1125799 TI - Effect of althesin on renal perfusion in anaesthetized dogs. AB - Since Althesin affects not only the systemic circulation but also certain regional blood flows autoregulated by intrinsic mechanisms, such as cerebral and coronary blood flow, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Althesin upon renal blood flow. After an injection of 2.0 mg/kg Althesin, heart rate (63 per cent) and cardiac output (21 per cent) increased, while total peripheral resistance (25 per cent), mean aortic pressure (9 per cent) and the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure (31 per cent) decreased. In spite of the large renal fraction of cardiac output (17.4 per cent) the renal blood flow remained unchanged. Althesin is believed not to be contra-indicated in the presence of renal dysfunction. PMID- 1125800 TI - [Effects of postoperative decurarization with neostigmine on digestive anastomoses]. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to assess the influence of neostigmine, a reversal agent for curarimimetic myorelaxants, on the incidence of postoperative disruption of anastomotic sites. Over a period of one year, 400 patients had surgery, including anastomosis, on the digestive tract for a variety of surgical conditions (Table II). At the end of anaesthesia, 200 patients received doses of atropine and neostigmine, usually 1 mg and 2.5 mg of each, as indicated on clinical basis and neuromuscular stimulation. The other patients did not recieve these drugs and were ventilated till the myorelaxation vanished spontaneously. During the postoperative period of incidence of anastomotic breakdown was assessed by the surgeon, unaware of the use or the omission of neostigmine in his patients. Anastomotic leakage was classified in four groups, namely: proved, absent, likely and unlikely. In this series and according to these clinical criteria, both groups had an incidence of anastomotic breakdown which was not significantly different (Table III). Neostigmine as used in this work does not seem to compromise the normal healing of anastomotic sites on the digestive tract. PMID- 1125801 TI - Post-operative renal failure caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - A 22-year-old man suffered a stab wound of the femoral artery and vein. This was followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Renal failure then occurred presumably due to fibrin deposition in the small vessels of the kidney. The D.I.C. was successfully treated with heparin and the renal failure with peritoneal dialysis. It is suggested that D.I.C. and consequent alterations in regional blood flow following trauma are not uncommon, and search should be made for these phenomena in every case of major trauma. PMID- 1125802 TI - Aborted malignant hyperthermia: case report. PMID- 1125803 TI - Participation of allied health professionals in the practice of anaesthesia: report of a study. PMID- 1125804 TI - Inspection of general anaesthetic facilities in dental offices. PMID- 1125805 TI - Spinal anaesthesia in the presence of gross spinal deformity. PMID- 1125806 TI - [Modification of the "jet injector"]. PMID- 1125807 TI - Letter; A hazard connected with re-use of the Bain's circuit. PMID- 1125808 TI - Effect of triphenylmethane derivatives on cell-free macromolecular synthesis. I. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - The inhibitory effect of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) on phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase is demonstrated in the rabbit-reticulocyte system. This inhibition is not specific to ATA; other triphenylmethane derivatives are also potent inhibitors of this enzyme reaction. The site of inhibitory action is in the enzyme itself, not in the tRNA molecule. It thus appears that the skeletal structure of ATA, not the side chains, is responsible for its inhibitory action, and that ATA is a nonspecific inhibitor of the reactions involving polynucleotides. PMID- 1125809 TI - Effect of triphenylmethane derivatives on cell-free macromolecular synthesis. II. mRNA-ribosome binding. AB - The specific inhibition by aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) of mRNA binding to ribosomes was re-examined. Among triphenylmethane compounds, all of which are potent inhibitors for phenylalanyl=tRNA synthetase, ATA is the most potent inhibitor. Two other dyes, Aurine and Azure Blue B, inhibit the reaction, but the concentration for 50% inhibition is far higher than that for ATA. It appears that the presence of the carboxyl group on the skeletal-triphenylmethane structure enhances the inhibition of the mRNA-binding reactionmthis feature is slightly different from that of the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase reaction, in which the skeletal structure of the dye itself is essential to its inhibitory action. PMID- 1125810 TI - Excretion of radioactive diadzein and equol as monosulfates and disulfates in the urine of the laying hen. AB - The phytoestrogen, diadzein, was injected intramuscularly as [4-14-C]daidzein into two laying hens. The radioactive materials in the urine for the succeeding 23 (hen 1) or 14 (hen 2) days were fractionated on a DEAE-Sephadex column by a gradient of NaCl and the fractions thus separated were further analyzed by solvent partition, susceptability to enzymic cleavage and thin-layer chromatography. The sic following components were identified and quantitated: [14 C]diadzein, [14-C]equol, [14-C]diadzein monosulfate, [14-C]equol monosulfate, [14 C]diazein disulfate, and [14-C]equol disulfate. The urine from hen 2 yielded also the sulfate of an unidentified conversion product of [14-C]daidzein. Repeared tests for glucuronides of [14-C]daidzein or its conversion products gave negative results, excluding the possibility that any appreciable proportion of the radioactivity in the urine was in the form of beta-glucuronide. It is concluded that the diadzein and the equol excretion in the urine of the laying hen are present for the most part as monosulfates and disulfates. PMID- 1125811 TI - Studies on molecular weights of two peptide hormones from the urophysis of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). AB - The molecular weights of two active principles extracted from the urophysis of the teleost fish Catostomus commersoni in 0.1 N HC1 or in 0.25% acetic acid have been investigated by gel filtration chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two peptides with urotensin I Tlong-acting rat hypotensive) activity and two peptides with urotensin II (fish smooth muscle stimulating) activity were found by these procedures. The smaller of the two urotensin I peptides (molecular weight 1200-1700), designated urotensin Is, was shown to be a fragment of the larger peptide (molecular weight 2300-3000) which is produced by acid hydrolysis withour loss of rat hypotensive activity. The two urotensin II peptides are suggested to represent either a monomer and a dimer or open and closed forms of a peptide. PMID- 1125812 TI - Development of pyridoxal kinase activity in the cerebral hemispheres of the chick embryo and young chick. PMID- 1125813 TI - Acid proteases from species of Mucormii. partial characterization of the acid protease produced by a strain of Mucor miehei isolated in Cuba. AB - The acid protease produced by a strain of Mucor miehei isolated in Cuba was purified by column electrofocusing and partially characterized as to amino-acid composition, molecular weight, helical content, total carbohydrate content, and approximate isoelectric point; A detailed comparison of these results was reported previously for Mucor miehei protease (Ottesen, M. & Rickert, W;S. (1970) C.R. Trav. Labmcarlsberg 37, 301) suggested that the two enzymes are similar but not identicalmthis conclusion was reinforced by an analysis of circular-dichroism spectra. PMID- 1125814 TI - The reaction of chymotrypsin with 2,3-butanedione trimer;. AB - A method for the preparation of the trimer of 2,3-butanedione has been developed; The reaction of this trimer with chymotrypsin A alpha was examined in the presence or absence of light. Under conditions of exclusion of light, modification of one to two arginine residues and of a similar number of lysine residues could be achieved without any loss of enzymatic activity. The trimer facilitated a rapid photoinactivation of the enzyme with little or no modification of the above amino acid residues. Such photoinactivation was not found to react with proflavine and diiosopropylfluorophosphate to an extent greater than that expected on the basis of residual activity presentmproflavine protected the enzyme from the trimer promoted photoinactivation. PMID- 1125816 TI - The diglycoside of 17 alpha-estradiol from rabbit urine: comparison with material prepared by synthesis. AB - Two synthetic routes to methyl estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17 alpha-yl-2' trifluoroacetamido-3',4',6'-tri-O-acetyl-2'-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosid-3-yl 2',3',4'-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosidyl uronate are described, with the 3 acetyl or the 17 alpha-trifluoroacetyl derivatives of 17 alpha-estradiol as starting materials. Physical characteristics of the fully acetylated double glycoside were determinedmthis compound was converted to sodium estra-1,3,5(10) trien-17 alpha-yl-2'-acetamido-2'-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosid-3-yl-beta-D glucopyranosid-3-yl-beta-D-glucopyranosidyl uronate, which was found to be identical with the sodium salt of material isolated from rabbit urine. PMID- 1125815 TI - Characterization and composition of the purple and red membrane from Halobacterium cutirubrum;. AB - The purple membrance (bacteriorhodopsin) isolated from cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum grown anaerobically in the light was shown to contain 77% protein and 20% lipils by weight. The protein component consisted of a single protein moeity, having a molecular weight of (19.6 plus or minus 0.8) times 10-3, complexed with retinal in mole ratio of 2:1, respectively. The protein moeity is not glycosylated but may be phosphorylated (ca. 2 mol of phosphate per mole of protein). The red membrance contains 56%protein and 38% lipids, including bacterioruberins. Several polypeptide components are present including some which may be glycosylated and/or phosphorylated. The lipids of both membranes contained phosphatidyl glycerophosphate (52%) and phosphatidyl glycerol (3-4%) but the sulfated lipid components, glycolipid sulfate and phosphatidyl glycerosulfate, were present exclusively in the purple membrane, the red membrane containing instead two unidentified glycolipids. Neutral lipids (squalenes, vitamin 75-8, etc.) were present in both membranes to the extent of 7-9%. PMID- 1125817 TI - Formation and repair of papain sulfenic acid. AB - The inactivation of highly purified papain (2 times 10- minus 5M-minus 1 min minus 1) for papain: peroxide molar ratios of 1:1 or 2:1. Loss of activity is accompanied by a parallel loss of sulfhydryl; however, the sulfhydryl losses, as determined with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNG) or p hydroxymercuribenzoate (pHMB), are anomalously either too large or too small, respectively. These discrepancies resulted from the reaction of inactive papain with either the thiol anion product of the DTNB reaction, or with the pHMB reagent itself. The addition of 1.2M urea to the DTNB reaction mixture significantly decreased this error. Inactive papain reacted with high concentrations of cysteine or cyanide to yield completely repaired active papain, and with benylamine to yield non-repairable, inactive papain. Sodium arsenite, which is capable ofreducing sulfenic acids but not disulfide bonds, readily repaired peroxide-inactivated papain. A completely inactive but repairable papain fraction was isolated by virtue of its lessened ability to bind to a tetrapeptide inhibitor immobilized on Sepharose. The cumulative results indicate that the peroxide inactivation of papain is due almost exclusively to the formation of papain sulfenic acid (Cys25-SOH). PMID- 1125818 TI - S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolism in various species. AB - Eleven microorganisms, four plants, and major organs from the chicken, dog, rat and rabbit were assayed for the presence of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, S adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase, and S-ribosylhomocysteine-cleavage enzyme. All bacteria (procaryotes) were found to possess S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase and S-ribosylhomocysteine-cleavage enzyme but not S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase; All eucaryotes tested, including yeasts, plants, birds, and mammals, possessed S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase but not S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase or S-ribosylhomocysteine-cleavage enzyme. Of all the organs assayed in the vertebrates, the level of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase was highest in liver, pancreas, and kidney, lower spleen and testis, and very low in brain and heart; In all systems tested, equilibrium of the hydrolase reaction always favored synthesis over hydrolysis. We studied some of the kinetic properties of the hydrolase from rat liver; In the direction of synthesis, the Km value was 1.5 mM for adenosine and 4.5 mM for L-homocysteine, whereas marked substrate inhibition was observed with L-homocysteine. The condensation reaction is subject to product inhibition, and was inhibited by adenine. Results from in-vivo experiments revealed that the cells of the various organs of the dog are impermeable to the exogenously administered S-adenosylhomocysteine. PMID- 1125819 TI - Wheat-embryo ribonucleates. IV. Factors that influence the formation and stability of a complex between 5S rRNA and 18S rRNA. AB - Under the conditions used in this study, wheat-embryo 5S rRNA complexes with its homologous 18S rRNA from wheat embryos and with heterologous 18S rRNA from other eukaryotic source materials such as yeast, L cells, and HeLa cells, but it does not complex with heterologous 16S rRNA from a prokaryote such as Escherichia coli or with homologous or heterologous 26S (23S) rRNA of either eukaryotic or prokaryotic origin. If a solution of wheat-embryo rRNA is simply made 0.3 M with respect to NaCl and then heated at 60 degress C for 3 min before quick cooling to room temperature (ca. 20 degrees C), there is both preferential and efficient complex formation between 5S and 18S rRNA. The 'laboratory-prepared' complex between wheat-embryo 5S rRNA and its homologous 18S rRNA is more thermostable in 0.1 M NaCl solution than is the 'natural' complexes 'melt' over a narrow range of temperature. The possible physicochemical and physiological importance of both homologous and heterologous rRNA complexes is the subject of a brief discussion. PMID- 1125820 TI - Magnetic resonance studies of concanavalin A:CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES INDUCED BY Ca2+ and alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside. AB - Three independent solution spectroscopic techniques (solvent proton relaxation enhancement, circular dichroism, and high resolution 220 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) have been utilized to demonstrate mental ion- and monosaccharide inhibitor-induced structural perturbations for the dimeric form of the plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A). The results indicate that (i) the occupation of the transition metal ion site S1 by Mn-2+ or Zn-2+ does not detectably perturn the demetallized protein conformation, (ii) the binding of Ca=2+ to the Con A-Mn-2+ or Con A-Zn-2+ complexes perturbs the protein structure in the vicinity of the S1 site as well as at points remote from the S1-S2 double ion site, and (iii) the binding of the monosaccharide inhibitor alpha-methyl-D mannopyranoside to the fully metallized Con A complex also significantly perturbs the structural features of the protein. A detailed radio frequency dependence analysis of the Ca-2+ effect on the solvent proton relaxation enhancement properties of the Con A-Mn-2+ complex indicates that the considerable reduction in the observed enhancement upon Ca-2+ binding principally results from an approximate 120-fold decrease in the single Mn-2+ water of hydratio- exchange rate; The 220 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectra for Con A indicate that this form of spectroscopy is the most useful of those utilized in detailing the solution structural features of this lectin, and a tentative assignment for the C 2-H proton of histidine residue 24 (the S1 site ligand) has been proposed. PMID- 1125821 TI - Transient kinetics of the acetylcholinesterase catalyzed hydrolysis of N methylindoxyl acetate. AB - An experimental study has been made of the kinetics of the hydrolysis of N methylindoxyl acetate catalyzed by electric-eel acetylcholinesterase, both in the steady state and the pre-steady statemstopped-flow and temperature-jump experiments revealed a fast transient and a slow one. The fast transient is correlated with the conventional mechanism E+A in equilibrium EA yields X yieldsEA' YIELDS E+Y. The slow transient is attributed to conformational changes involving E or EA. Analysis of it revealed two exponential terms of the form e- minus lambda t, and the two lambda values were obtained over the temperature range 5Yand 25Ydegrees C. The results are interpreted in terms of two alternative mechanisms; in one, the enzyme undergoes a conformational change before it adds on the substrate molecule; in the other, the conformational change occurs after the substrate addition. Both mechanisms may be involved, but the results exclude a concerted mechanism in whivh the conformational change occurs concurrently with the addition of substrate. Kinetic parameters (delta S not equal to and E) are obtained for this conformational change and for the conversion of EA into EA'+X. PMID- 1125822 TI - The demonstration of O-acetylated sialic acids in colonic epithelial glycoproteins. AB - Glycoproteins have been isolated from a 1 M sodium chloride extract of the colonic epithelial cells of man and rat by a combination of Agarose gel and DEAE cellulose chromatography; The glycoproteins contain O-acetylated or O-esterified sialic acids of at least four types: (a) unsubstituted or possible at position C 9, (b) substituted at C-4 and possibly at C-9, (c) substituted at C-7 and/or C-8, and (d) substituted at C-4 as well as at C-7 and/or C-8. PMID- 1125823 TI - Oligonucleotides containing phosphotriester internucleotidic groups as novel substrates for polynucleotide enzymes. PMID- 1125825 TI - The metabolism of 4'chloro-4-biphenylol in the rat. AB - 4'Chloro-4-biphenylol, the major metabolite of 4-chlorobiphenyl in the rat, was given intraperitoneally to rats, and the urine and feces were examined for possible metabolic degradation products. The structure of the major urinary metabolite was elucidated by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and shown to be 4'-chloro-3,4-biphenyldiol. Two chloromethoxbiphenylols (m-4) were also identified in the urine extracts but they could not be separated by chromatographic procedures. Demethylation of the mixture gave 4'-chloro-3,4 biphenyldiol as the sole product, thus indicating that the two components of the mixture were 4'-chloro-3-methoxy-4-biphenylol and 4'-chloro-4-methoxy-3 biphenyldiol. No 4'-chloro-4-biphenylol metabolites were isolated in the fecal extracts, and mass spectrometric analysis of the crude urine and feces extracts did not reveal any chlorine-containing degradation products that could be derived by oxidative fission of the biphenyl nucleus. PMID- 1125824 TI - Effects of hormones and drugs on phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate concentrations in mouse liver. AB - Concentrations of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PP-ribose-P) in mouse liver were studied as a function of time of day and following injection of a number of metabolites and drugs. A twofold diurnal variation in liver PP-ribose-P concentration was observed. Liver PP-ribose-P concentrations were elevated following injection of glucagon, insulin, epinephrine, and ethylaminothiasiazole. PMID- 1125826 TI - Electrophoretic characterization of porcine pancreatic (pro)elastases A and B. AB - Two porcine pancreatic zymogens can be separated by free electrophoresis on a sucrose gradient. After activation by trypsin, both enzymes can hydrolyze completely the fibrous protein elastin. One of the two proteins, proelastase B, has, in addition, an esterolytic activity towards N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester. The other, proelastase A, does not possess it. The activation products of the zymogens have been tagged with radioactive diisopropylfluro-phosphonate and separated by polacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Proelastase A gives only one active species, pancreatopeptidase E, but three distinct proteins can be obtained from proelastase B. Elastases A and B exhibit an important synergism when acting together upon a purified elastin lacking microfibrils. Trypsin has considerably less synergistic activity, and chymotrypsin has practically none. PMID- 1125827 TI - The development of kinetic parameters of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in perinatal rats. AB - The development of the apparent kinetic parameters K- m and V-max was studied in perinatal Wistar rats for three functionally diverse, hepatic enzymes (p nitroanisole O-demethylase, carboxylesterase and bromosulphophthalein-glutathione conjugating enzyme), the period studied being from 3 days prepatum to 35 days postpartum. The kinetic parameters underwent marked quantitative changes during development, which appeared to be independent of sex for the first 5 weeks postpartum. PMID- 1125828 TI - Biosynthesis of gliotoxin and mycelianamide. AB - Mycelium of Penicillium terlikowski was permeable to both L-[carboxyl 14C]phenylalanine and cyclo L-[carbonyl-14C]phenylalanyl-L-seryl. The former compound was incorporated well and the latter poorly into gliotoxin produced by stationary cultures of the organism. Mycelium of Penicillium patulum was permeablt to L-[CARBONYL-14C]tyrosyl and cyclo L-alanyl-d-[carbonyl-14C]tyrosyl. These cyclic depeptides were not incorporated into mycelianamide produced by stationary cultures of the organism, but both1carboxyl-14C]tyrosine were incorporated. The latter was incorporated in a specific manner into part of the mycelianamide molecule. The results did not support the postulate that the appropriate cyclic dipeptides, as outlined above, were free intermediates in the biosynthesis of gliotoxin or mycelianamide. PMID- 1125829 TI - The incorporation of -14c from [1-14C] PALMITATE INTO GLUCOSE AND GLYCOGEN IN MICE. AB - The incorporation of -14C FROM [1-14C]palmitate into blood glucose and liver and kidney glycogen in postnatal mice has been studied. Incorporation of -14C FROM [1 14C]palmitate into blood glucose and hepatic glycogen is relatively high in suck ling mice. Incontrast, the incorporation into kidney glycogen is low in suckling mice and high in adults. The study indicates the possible utilization of palmitate for glucose synthesis. PMID- 1125830 TI - Use of the brucellosis card test for screening cattle in Saskatchewan. AB - One group of 28,714 bovine sera were tested by both the brucellosis tube serum agglutination test and the brucellosis card test. The tube serum agglutination test confirmed 99.8% of the negative brucellosis card test results. The brucellosis card test identified 63% of the tube serum agglutination test reactors. In a second group of 496 sera reacting to either the tube serum agglutination test, complement fixation test, plate serum agglutination test or acid antigen serum agglutination test the brucellosis card test identified 99.1% of the complement fixation test positive sera and 91.3% of the sera reacting to any of the other serological tests. The brucellosis card test showed satisfactory agreement with both the complement fixation test and tube serum agglutination test. It appears to be a useful screening test in operations involving large numbers of animals since under these conditions the reactors can be quickly identified and isolated. PMID- 1125832 TI - Adequacy of commercial lentogenic vaccines against Canadian strains of viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus. AB - Three field strains of Newcastle Disease virus, designated S20, S21 and S23, isolated from chickens or turkeys in Ontario during the 1971-72 epizootic, were characterized as velogenic viscerotropic viruses. No significant antigenic differences were demonstrated among B1, LaSota and a field strain (S23) of velogenic vescerotropic virus by haemagglutination inhibition or protection tests. Primary water vaccination of chicks with commercial B1 and LaSota vaccines at five weeks of age and aerosol revaccination with the same strains four weeks later resulted in protection that lasted 16 weeks after revaccination against experimental challenge with strain S23. The differences in haemagglutination inhibition titres noted when the homologous or the heterologous viruses were used as haemagglutinating antigen were not statistically significant. The rates of decay of virus neutralizing and haemagglutination inhibition antibodies in vaccinated birds showed a divergence indicating the possible duality of antibodies measured in serum neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition tests. PMID- 1125831 TI - Mycoplasma species recovered from the reproductive tracts of western Canadian cows. AB - Samples of cervico-vaginal mucus from 633 animals from 110 herds were cultured and yielded the following mycoplasmas: T-strain--88: Mycoplasma bovigenitalium- 79, Mycoplasma spp. (Leach Group 7)--7, Acholeplasma laidlawii--4, Mycoplasma bovirhinis--2 and one not typable. Uterine exudates and endometrial scrapings from 80 infertile cows in two herds were examined. Four animals were positive, M. bovigenitalium was isolated three times, A. laidlawii and Mycoplasma arginini once each. Sixty-five normal uterine contents from pregnant cows were examined, one yielded M. bovigenigalium and the same organism was recovered from the fetal kidney. T-strain mycoplasma, M. bovigenitalium and other Mycoplasma spp. appear to be a part of the normal flora of the cervico-vaginal region of clinically normal one and two year old bred heifers in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Although M. arginini was not recovered from the cervico-vaginal region, a single recovery was made from the uterus of an infertile cow. PMID- 1125833 TI - Experimentally induced Faciola hepatica infection in white-tailed deer. I. Clinicopathological and parasitological features. AB - Six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six sheep were inoculated with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Two animals of each species were given 100, 500 or 2500 metacercariae. Clinicopathological features of these infections were determined by analyses of blood samples collected each week from inoculated deer and sheep as well as from two noninoculated animals of each species. One animal in each inoculated group was killed and examined at six weeks postinoculation and the remainder at 15 weeks postinoculation. Compared with the values obtained from noninoculated controls, eosinophilia, hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia occured in inoculated deer. There were no other significant changes in hematological values or in serum aspartate aminotransferase levels. Marked leukocytosis and eosinophilia, with hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels and mild macrocytic normochromic anemia characterized the infection in lambs. Although approximately 29% of the inoculum was recovered from the hepatic parenchyma of the sheep, F. hepatica was found in only one of six inoculated deer. A patent infection was established in this deer and constitutes the second report of mature F. hepatica in this host. PMID- 1125834 TI - Experimentally induced Fasciola hepatica infection in white-tailed deer. II. Pathological features. AB - Six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six sheep were inoculated with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Two animals of each species were given 100, 500 or 2500 metacercariae. One animal in each inocluated group was killed and examined at six weeks postinoculation and the remainder at 15 weeks postinoculation. At six weeks postinoculation the parietal surface of the livers from inoculated deer was covered with gray fibrous plaques and rust colored patches. Fibroplasia with mononuclear cell infiltration characterized Glisson's capsule on the parietal surface. Granulomas were found in the hepatic parenchyma and on the dorsal surface of the lung. Fresh and healing tracks were occasionally found in the liver. In the sheep fibrinous exudate and numerous subcapsular tracks were found on both surfaces of the liver. Inflammatory changes in portal areas and numerous fresh and healing tracks in the hepatic parenchyma were prominent features. At 15 weeks postinoculation inflammatory changes in Glisson's capsule of inoculated deer were less marked than at six weeks but portal fibrosis and hyperplasia of bile duct epithelium were more advanced. A zone of hemorrhage surrounded ducts that contained mature F. hepatica in one deer. The livers from the sheep were rough, pitted and covered with fibrous tags and adhesions to the diaphragm and greater omentum were common. Hemorrhagic tracks were common in the sheep given 500 and 2500 metacercariae. Portal fibrosis and hyperplasia of bile duct epithelium were seen in the sheep (100 metacercariae) that harbored mature F. hepatica. PMID- 1125835 TI - The protective effect of milk diet on Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. AB - The effect of an all milk diet on resistance to Toxoplasmagondii infection in mice was studied. Mice fed an all milk diet were more resistant than conventionally fed mice to T. gondii. It was shown that this effect was due to a dietary deficiency para-aminobenzoic acid. PMID- 1125838 TI - Ocular findings in nevus flammeus. AB - We examined the eyes of 50 patients with nevus flammeus of the face (port wine stain). Of 26 patients with nevus flammeus involving the area of both the first and second sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve, 4 had glaucoma and 8 were glaucoma suspects. Because the age at which glaucoma develops is uncertain, these patients require periodic ocular assessment. When the nevus flammeus involved the area of V1 alone or V2 alone, there was no associated glaucoma. PMID- 1125839 TI - Three hundred and sixty degree scleral buckling. AB - A three hundred and sixty degree scleral buckling procedure is proposed for treating difficult and complicated cases of retinal detachment. This procedure has been used successfully in more than 242 cases with an anatomic re-attachment rate of greater than 90%. The overall re-operation rate was about 11%. Complications directly attributable to this procedure were minimal. PMID- 1125837 TI - Labrador keratopathy: clinical and pathological findings. AB - The clinical and pathological features of Labrador keratopathy are described. Some indication is given of the frequency of the condition in Northern Newfoundland and Labrador. The histopathology, based on light and electron microscopy of five specimens, is illustrated. The findings support an origin for the globular deposits in the stroma and Bowman's layer rather than the epithelium. PMID- 1125836 TI - A pharmacological study of chloramphenicol in horses. AB - Pharmacological disposition of chloramphenicol was studied in horses. Minimum levels of the antibiotic (greater than or equal to 5 mu g/ml) in blood or plasma recommended to combat infections could not be achieved by 4.4 and 8.8 mg/kg I.V. or 30 and 50 mg/kg I.M. or 30 mg/kg oral (as palmitate salt) doses of chloramphenicol. Increasing the dose to 19.8 and 26.4 mg/kg I.V. provided such levels for about two and three hours respectively. A combination of 20 mg/kg I.V. and 30 mg/kg I.M. administered simultaneously did not provide more prolonged levels than 26.4 mg/kg I.V. alone. Chloramphenicol succinate produced higher but not more prolonged levels in blood and plasma than those produced by pure chloramphenicol. Succinate salt is very little, if at all, bound to red blood corpuscles. Plasma half life and the apparent volume of distribution of chloramphenicol in horses were determined as 0.98 hours and 0.92 L/kg, respectively. At 5-10 mu g/ml concentrations in equine plasma approximately 30 percent of the chloramphenicol is bound to plasma proteins. From these studies it is concluded that the biological half life of chloramphenicol may be too short for therapeutic application against systemic infections in horses. PMID- 1125840 TI - Fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis (pseudoexfoliation): a clinical and electron microscope study. AB - The light microscopic and transmission and scanning electron microscopic findings from two cases of fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis (pseudoexfoliation) are presented. The ciliary processes, posterior iris and preequatiorial lens capsule were found to be covered with a fine, white, flocculent material. Light microscopic examination revealed feathery, eosinophilic deposits on all three tissues; electron microscope studies showed the exfoilative deposits to be composed of a fine meshwork of fibrils ranging in size from 200-300 A. Fibrils were found on the apical surfaces of the epithelial cells, as well as on and throughout the epithelial cell basement membranes. The general distribution and possible sources of the pseudoexfoilative material are discussed with respect to other recent investigations. The value of the scanning electron microscope as a tool in pathological studies is presented. PMID- 1125841 TI - The effects of the catecholamines and related drugs on intraocular pressure. AB - This review offers a short summary of present knowledge of the physiology and pharmacology of the sympathetic system with particular reference to its role in the control of intra-ocular pressure. The ocular effects of epinephrine and some related amines are discussed as as new and interesting developments which promise significant increase in the efficiency of drugs in the treatment of glaucoma. PMID- 1125842 TI - The management of magnetic intraocular foreign bodies. AB - The management of 34 intracocular foreign bodies is reviewed. When possible the removal of the foreign body was carried out in the quadrant closet to where the foreign body was located and through a site 4-5 mm from the limbus. A circumferential incision was made after tenting had been demonstrated while the magnet was applied to the sclera. Sweet localization and B-scan ultrasound were helfpul in patients with opague media. In particular, ultrasound was used to confirm the magenetic qualities of the foreign body when it could not be visualized ophthalmoscopically. Visual results were surprisingly gratifying, even when the foreign body had damaged the cornea and lens as evidenced by the fact that 26 patients (77%) utimately achieved a vision of 20/50 or better. PMID- 1125843 TI - Retinal changes in sarcoidosis. AB - In this series, ten patients with systemic sarcoidosis presented with retinal changes as the initial manifestation of the disease. The diagnosis was suspected on the basis of the retinal findings, and subsequently substantiated by medical evaluation. Anterior uveitis, the best-known finding in ocular sarcoidosis, was overshadowed by the retinal changes. The retinal findings in this condition are characteristic and should alert the ophthalmologist to evaluate the patient for systemic sarcoidosis. PMID- 1125845 TI - Errors in the diagnosis of choroidal malignant melanoma. AB - A 10 year review of enucleations at the University of Ottawa affiliated hospitals revealed that of 29 eyes with a visible fundus lesion diagnosed as choroidal malignant melanoma only one was incorrectly diagnosed. PMID- 1125844 TI - Iridoplegia and aqueous flare due to acute herpetic keratouveitis. AB - Functional disturbances due to herpetic keratouveitis in rabbits were investigated. Measurements of pupillary reactivity and exudative processes in the anterior chamber with marked elevations of aquenous proteins and enzymes (LDH and GOT) were used to determine virus-induced pharmacodynamic changes by application of several autonomic and antiviral agents. Characteristic features included the earlier occurrence of hyperreactivity to Mecholyl and epinephrine and the later development of iridoplegia unreponsive to cocaine or atropine. An increase of aqueous proteins causing aqueous flare was suppressed by application of PPP. These patterns were compared with those of acute ocular responses to various types of injuries caused by fromalin, bacterial endotoxins and immunological sensitization with bovine albumin. This experimental herpetic keratouveitis in rabbits appeared similar to Wellings' ocular syndrome,which is suspected to be of herpetic etiology. PMID- 1125846 TI - Induced corneal astigmatism with hydrophilic contact lenses. AB - Changes in keratometer readings were measured in 87 patients, wearing hydrophilic contact lenses for three to more than eighteen months. Twenty-four eyes in the group had an increase of +0.75 or more in the keratometer readings, which invariably involved the vertical reading and was often associated with a distortion of the mire reflex. The change was high as +2.75 diopters. If greater than +1.00 diopter, it was associated with decreased visual acuity with forward correction and with the hydrophilic contact lenses. All but one of the patients who showedchanges of greater than +0.75 diopters over their baseline keratometer readings, were wearing their lenses on an average of 14-16 hours a day. The keratometer readings reverted to the baseline levels with a loss of the distrotion, if the patient reduced the wearing time to less than 12 hours daily. We believe that a maximum average daily wearing time of 12 hours is the safety limit required to minimize the development of induced corneal astigmatism. PMID- 1125847 TI - Evaluation of a cleaning agent for hydrophilic contact lenses. PMID- 1125848 TI - Clinical trail of intravitreal C F in retinal detachment surgery. AB - A mixture of 40% octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) and 60% air was used clinically in eight patients with long-standing retinal detachment. In seven cases the retina reattached after intravitreal injection of C4F8 and intrascleral diathermization of the retinal tear. The one failure was due to massive vitreous retraction and preretinal proliferation prior to the surgery. Except for a slight postoperative iritis when 4 cc of gas lasted for 12 to 30 days after intravitreal injection. On the basis of this and our previous studies, we recommend the use of C4F8 in retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 1125849 TI - The clinical significance of a single unilateral temporal pterygium. AB - A rare case of a single temporal pterygium is reported. The etiology of pterygium and its predilection for the nasal side is discussed. A hypothesis is presented to explain why a pterygium never extends beyond the center of the cornea. Whenever a single temporal pterygium is noted it should be excised to determine the true nature of the lesion. PMID- 1125850 TI - Fine structure and mechanics of the anterior border of the primate iris: a scanning and transmission electron microscope study. AB - The morphology of the anterior border of the primate iris has been examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results confirm that the anterior iris is composed of heavily pigmented melanocytes, fibroblasts, and a loosely arranged network of collagen fibres. The melanocytes are slender, elongate structures, which show some branching in the peripheral iris. They run parallel to the surface and are filled with spindle-shaped pigment granules which are oriented in the long axis of the cell. In the miotic state, the peripheral iris melanocytes form a dense, interlacing network. As the pupillary margin is approached, the angles between intersecting melanocytes diminish; the melanocytes appear to be parallel and in close contact with one another.During mydriasis, the peripheral iris melanocytes are compressed and pupillary components are found to intersect at angles greater than 90%. The superficial fibroblasts are flattened cells, closely applied to the underlying melanocyte processes and in the mydriatic iris form a resonably continous monolayer over the anterior iris surface. Iris pores are present, exposing the underlying melanocytes and stromal collagen. During miosis, the surface fibroblasts become attenuated and the pores increase in size and number. This paper demonstrates the value of the scanning electron microscope in presenting an accurate three dimensional model of the iris. PMID- 1125851 TI - Provoked iris ischaemia in the rabbit: A fluorescien angiographic study. AB - We studied experimental anterior segment ischaemia in rabbits by fluorescein angiography of the iris. Nine rabbits were subjected to diathermy occlusion of one or both long posterior ciliary arteries or to disinsertion and reattachment of up to 4 rectus muscles. Occlusion of one LPCA or up to 3 recti had only a minor ischaemic effect on the iris vessels. Occlusion of both LPCAs produced necrosis of the anterior segment or ischaemia of the iris detectable by angiography. Disinsertion of 4 recti produced small patches of transient ischaemia in those areas of the iris most distal from the LPCAs. When further surgery is planned after retinal detachment cyclodiathermy or strabismus operations, fluorescein angiography is a useful indicator of the vascular status of the iris and hence of the possibility of necrosis of the anterior segment. PMID- 1125853 TI - A disposable vitrectomy instrument: the vitrophage. AB - We describe a new, light weight, disposable vitrectomy instrument (vitrophage), which utilizes an oscillating principle for cutting. It is convenient and effective. PMID- 1125852 TI - Therapy of experimental herpetic keratitis with IDU and fluorescent light: A negative study. AB - In vitro studies by workers in basic fields of biology have shown that halogenated DNA-base analogs are capable of sensitizing the DNA of various infectious agents in such a way that exposure to fluorescent light results in lethal damage to the DNA. In the present studies we treated experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits with fluorescent light after using topical iododeoxyuridine (IDU) as a photosensitizing agent. So far as it clinical course was concerned, there was no significant difference between the disease treated with both IDU and light, and the disease treated with IDU alone. This was true in both the standard experimental disease and in the disease made more severe by prelimiary subconjunctival injection of corticosteroid. PMID- 1125854 TI - Photographic assessment of the optic disc. AB - Increasing the sensitivity of methods of examining the visual field may merely increase subjective errors already inherent in this test. The optic disc can be examined quite objectively and subtle changes are best assessed by photography. A method, evolved through trial and error, is outlined for obtaining high quality colour transparencies and Polaroid Land Prints of the optic disc for follow up. Routine disc photography should be an important part of a glaucoma record. PMID- 1125856 TI - Basis for the susceptibility of several algae to microbial decomposition. AB - Partially purified cellulase and a cellulase-containing polygalacturonase but notlysozyme extensively degraded the walls of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Ulothrix fimbrata and converted intact cells of the algae to spheroplasts. A streptomycete cellulase cochromatographed with the enzyme system releasing glucose from walls of these organisms, and this preparation also converted the algal cells to spheroplasts. The dominant constituent in the walls was carbohydrate, and glucose and small quantities of galacturonic acid but no amino sugars were present in acid hydrolysates of the walls. Glucose accounted for essentially all of the material solobilized by the cellulase preparation. Lysozyme acted on Cylindrospermum sp. walls, and it, but not the otherenzymes, converted some of the Cylindrospermum sp. cells to spheroplasts. Streptomycete enzymes lysing Micrococcus lysodeikticus cochromatographed with the proteins releasing reducing sugars from Cylindrospermum sp. walls, and components in the active fraction converted cells of this alga into spheroplasts. X-ray diffraction revealed that the walls of C. reinhardtii and U. fimbrata but not those of Cylindrospermum sp. contained cellulose. The data suggest that the susceptibility of the first twospecies to microbial degradation in natural ecosystems results from an attack on the cellulose in their walls, and the susceptibility of the third is linked with the microbial production of a lysozyme. PMID- 1125855 TI - Production of methionine-excreting mutants of Streptomyces fradiae. AB - Methionine-excreting mutant strains of Streptomyces fradiae ATCC 10745, producedby exposure to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, were selected on the basisof ethionine-resistance and ability to support the growth of an auxotroph which requiredmethionine or methionine precursors. When acid hydrolysates of dehydrated liquid cultures were analyzed for amino acid content, one of the mutants had produced 268% more methionine that the parental strain. To obtain an accurate analysis of methionine content, it was necessary to determine the amount of diaminopimelic acid which had been synthesized. This compound appeared in eluates during column chromatography at about the same time as methionine, and its presence increased apparent methionine concentrations by 25 to40%. PMID- 1125857 TI - Evidence for the existence of endotoxic activity in three strains of Moraxella. AB - The phenol extraction technique was used to obtain material with endotoxic activityfrom three strains of Moraxella. This material was subjected to partial purification. Biological activity was determined by inoculation of the extracts into the skinof rabbits, and noting the resultant skin reactions. Although containing some cellular contaminants such as nucleic acid from the extraction procedure, the endotin preparations showed biological activity in the microgram range. Killed but unextracted cellsalso elicited skil reactions when injected intradermally into the rabbit. A partial analysis of the biochemical components of the endotoxin revealed that these three strains contain endotoxin whose composition is similar in several respects to that of the endotoxins of the neisseriae and some of the enteric bacteria. PMID- 1125858 TI - Deep-sea bacteria: growth and utilization of n-hexadecane at in situ temperature and pressure. AB - A mixed culture of bacteria was obtained from the sediment-water inferface of a core sample taken off the coast of Florida at a depth of 4940m. The mixed culture wasfound capable of utilizing n-hexadecane as a sole carbon source for growth at the insitu temperature (4C) and pressure (500atm). The rate of utilization under deep-ocean conditions was found to be much slower than the rate observed at ambient pressure(1 atm) and low temperature (4C). PMID- 1125860 TI - [Rubella virus. I. Morphology and structural proteins]. AB - Degradation of purified rubella virus by heat treatment (37, 45, or 56 degrees C) revealed the following structures. The viral envelope, a modified cellular membrane, bears spherical subunits, 5-6 nm in diameter, hexamers, or pentamers. Two glycoproteins, VP-2 (50 000 daltons) and VP-3 (63 000 daltons), are associated with the envelope. The nucleocapsid if formed by the condensation of the viral ribonucleic acid on acentral structure 10 nm in diameter. Only one protein, VP-1 (35 000 daltons) is present in the nucleocapsid. Similarity between rubella virus and Togaviruses is discussed. PMID- 1125859 TI - Differentiation of Arthrobacter soil isolates and named strains from other bacteria by reations on dye-containing media. AB - Twenty-five gram-negative and 62 gram-positive bacterial cultures, of which 37 werearthrobacters, were tested, using a multipoint inoculation device, for responses on varying concentrations of 35 dyes. Both selective (growth vs. no growth) and differential (dye absorption) responses were obtained. It was possible to differentiate the arthrobacters from the other gram-positive bacteria tested as well as to distinguish separately each Arthrobacter-named strain. The results indicated that dyes have a greater potential for use in selective and differential media than has been presently realized; and the possibility of using dye-reactions as features in taxonomic schemes to differentiate rapidly many of the common genera of soil bacteria is discussed. PMID- 1125863 TI - Impedance phlebography: accuracy of diagnosis in deep vein thrombosis. AB - In an evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of impedance phlebography for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, 51 limbs in 32 patients were examined simultaneously by impedance phlebography and by venography. The impendance diagnosis and accurate in 47 limbs, erroneous in 2 and inconclusive in 2; the overall accuracy was 92%. Simultaneous clinical diagnosis yielded an accuracy of 53%. The method requires full cooperation by the patient and meticulous attention to the details of the test by the physician or technician performing the examination. PMID- 1125861 TI - Amino acid requirements of staphylococci isolated from human skin. AB - Amino acid requirements and auxotrophic reversion properties were determined for 823 Staphylococcus strains isolated from natural populations on human skin. Ten species of Staphylococcus exhibited distinct amino acid requirement patterns. Proline, arginine, and valine were the most frequently required amino acids for the genus Staphylococcus. PMID- 1125862 TI - Villous adenoma of the cecum. AB - Villous adenoma of the cecum developed in a 49-year-old man; the diagnosis was confirmed at operation. The pathologic and radiologic features of villous tumour in this location differ from those of tumours situated in the sigmoid colon and rectum. Signs and symptoms are vague; bleeding per rectum may not occur. Right hemicolectomy is recommended because of the high malignant potential of this tumour. PMID- 1125864 TI - Correlation between hemodynamic changes and the presence, size, and site of myocardial infarction. AB - Values for eight measured and calculated hemodynamic variables were recorded in 12 dogs before and after experimental anterior myocardial infarction. Changes were noted in stroke work and stroke power only; the changes in stroke work and stroke power were closely correlated with the presence of the infarct, whereas the changes in the other six dynamic variables were unpredictable and uncorrelated. The degree of correlation between the stroke work and power, and the size and site of the infarction, however, suggested that none of the eight variables would be an adequate indicator of all three characteristics of the infarction. PMID- 1125865 TI - Squamous cell carcinomas of the skin of the pinna. AB - Among 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of the pinna seen consecutively between 1952 and 1973, a single course of treatment failed to control the disease in 10 (19%). This failure rate is higher than that usually reported for squamous cell carcinomas of the skin in general (2 to 6%), and appears to be in conflict with the belief that squamous cell carcinomas of the skin of the pinna rarely metastasize. It appears that other factors than neglect are responsible for this discrepancy. In this series it was not possible to judge the relative efficacy of one mode of treatment over another. PMID- 1125866 TI - Age and sex determination of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from Ontario, Manitoba, and Quebec. PMID- 1125867 TI - Underwater hearing sensitivity of two ringed seals (Pusa hispida). PMID- 1125869 TI - Fine structure of sunken thick-walled pegs (sensilla ampullacea and coeloconica) on the antennae of mosquitoes. PMID- 1125868 TI - An immunological study of the embryonic stages of the zebra fish, Brachydanio rerio. II. Hatching-stage antigenic patterns. PMID- 1125870 TI - Factors contributing to high levels of plasma iodide in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). PMID- 1125871 TI - Concerning the mechanics of blastula formation in echinoderms. PMID- 1125872 TI - Activity of the pituitary gland in embryo and larval stages of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. PMID- 1125873 TI - Correlations between the amino acid pools of Hymenolepis diminuta and the rat intestine. PMID- 1125874 TI - An all-weather reindeer locator system. PMID- 1125875 TI - Editorial: What holds medicine back? PMID- 1125877 TI - Letter: Community health clinics. PMID- 1125876 TI - Viral diarrhea in children. PMID- 1125879 TI - Letter: Nurse practitioners. PMID- 1125880 TI - Letter: Honesty between physician and patient. PMID- 1125878 TI - Letter: Coexistence of photochromogenic mycobacteria and carcinoma. PMID- 1125881 TI - Letter: Half-life of medical knowledge. PMID- 1125883 TI - Letter: Sick magazines. PMID- 1125882 TI - Letter: Coccygodynia. PMID- 1125884 TI - Letter: The value of needling. PMID- 1125885 TI - Letter: Therapeutic abortion. PMID- 1125886 TI - Serum ferritin, cobalt excretion and body iron status. AB - Serum ferritin concentration was measured by immunoradiometric assay in 64 subjects. It was closely related to the size of body iron stores measured by hemosiderin content of bone marrow in all subjects and by the deferoxamine test in 10 patients with iron overload. Urinary cobalt excretion, an indirect measure of iron absorption, was inversely related to hemosiderin content of bone marrow in 34 patients aged 18 to 72 with or without liver disease, but this relation did not hold in a group of 20 student volunteers aged 17 to 30, indicating that the test is unreliable in young people. A strong inverse correlation was demonstrated between values for cobalt excretion and serum ferritin in the 34 patients and between those for iron absorption and serum ferritin in the 20 students. Serum ferritin concentration appears to reflect accurately the iron status of the healthy individual but high values in liver disease must be interpreted with caution. PMID- 1125887 TI - Appendicitis in pregnancy. AB - Over a 9-year period at one hospital 25 appendectomies were performed during pregnancy. In 20 cases the appendix was acutely inflamed. All mothers survived. Two women aborted and two went into premature labour. One of the premature infants survived. The fetal loss associated with acute appendicitis was 15%. Early diagnosis and operation is essential. PMID- 1125888 TI - Dogs and intestinal parasites: a public health problem. AB - The stools of 239 stray dogs were examined for intestinal parasites. Of the helminths found, Toxocara canis (43.5%), tapeworms (25.5%), Ascaris species (21.3%) and hookworms (12.5%) were the commonest. Of the protozoans found, Isospora species and Entamoeba coli were the most prevalent. An unusual feature of the present study was the finding of Ascaris species. The importance of the high prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs, the close contact of humans with dogs' excreta and the possible role of this environmental pollution in the spread of human disease are discussed. PMID- 1125889 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in Canada. AB - Two Edmonton children recently had a disease seemingly new to North America but a common problem in young children in Japan in the last few years. Named "mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome", it is an acute febrile condition with massive focal cervical lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis and indurative edema of the hands and feet progressing to desquamation. It may have an infectious basis and therefore may become common in Canada. PMID- 1125891 TI - The way I see it: things may go better with COLA, but let's just make things equitable. PMID- 1125892 TI - Patent medicine formulas no longer required to be secret. PMID- 1125890 TI - The heterogeneity of Streptococcus viridans: therapeutic considerations in infective endocarditis. AB - A 24-year-old woman with Marfan's syndrome and mitral regurgitation had clinical features suggestive of infective endocarditis. The causative organism was Streptococcus viridans. Initial therapy with penicillin G, in a dose that should have been bactericidal and hence curative according to the results of the initial quantitative antimicrobial studies, became inadequate. The strain of S. viridans displayed considerable variation in both growth properties and antimicrobial sensitivity during the course of therapy. In addition, a different strain of S. viridans was cultured 1 month after treatment had begun. It is therefore important to repeat cultures and antimicrobial sensitivity testing during treatment of infective endocarditis. PMID- 1125893 TI - Love and common humanity could save health care dollars. PMID- 1125894 TI - Four million Canadians need to wear this protection. But they don't. PMID- 1125895 TI - A measure of a family doctor's work. Part I: setting up a one-practice study. PMID- 1125896 TI - Canadian standards for hospital libraries. PMID- 1125897 TI - Editorial: Human growth hormone. PMID- 1125898 TI - Letter: Race, environment and ischemic heart disease. PMID- 1125899 TI - Letter: Screening for hypertension. PMID- 1125900 TI - Letter: Introduction of "new" drugs. PMID- 1125901 TI - Letter: Small chromosomal inversions: are they harmless? PMID- 1125902 TI - Letter: Furuncle caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 1125904 TI - Letter: Fee schedules and workloads. PMID- 1125903 TI - Letter: Massive pulmonary gangrene. PMID- 1125906 TI - The way I see it organized medicine can make a point short of using the ultimate labour tactic. PMID- 1125905 TI - Effect of treadmill exercise testing on serum enzymes and the resting electrocardiogram. AB - Fifty-three adult male patients with chest pain underwent treadmill exercise stress testing according to the Bruce protocol. The resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum concentrations of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase creatine phosphokinase and alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were evaluated before, and at 1 and 20 hours after exercise. Twenty-eight subjects (53 percent) had a normal test result, 10 (19 percent) had ischemic ST -segment changes and anginal pain, and 15 (28 percent) were considered to have equivocal results because of an abnormal baseline ECG or the concurrent administration of cardioactive medication. In contrast to earlier reports, no significant changes in the serum enzyme values were seen in any of the three groups orin any individual subject, nor were ECG changes detected after recovery from exercise. The diagnostic evaluation of the exercise ECG must depend upon the demonstration of ischemic ST -segment changes and not upon changes in concentrations of serum enzymes. PMID- 1125907 TI - Edmonton gynecologist at legal adds with provincial college. PMID- 1125908 TI - Nutrition seminar looks at wide issues; debate lively. PMID- 1125910 TI - Letter: Battered child and unwanted pregnancy. PMID- 1125909 TI - A measure of a family doctor's work. Part II: drugs, time, charges, morbidity. PMID- 1125911 TI - Letter: Painful shoulder syndrome. PMID- 1125912 TI - Letter: The hyperactive child. PMID- 1125913 TI - Letter: Febrile reactions after methicillin. PMID- 1125914 TI - Letter: Provider's viewpoint. PMID- 1125915 TI - Letter: Therapeutic abortion. PMID- 1125916 TI - Letter: Carbohydrates, brain metabolism and contraceptive-induced depression. PMID- 1125917 TI - Progress. PMID- 1125918 TI - Treatment of persistent knee effusions with intra-articular radioactive gold. AB - Patients with a total of 112 chronic knee effusions unresponsive to the usual conservative methods of therapy were treated with intra-articular injections of radioactive gold and followed from 6 months to 5 years. Most patients in the study had rheumatoid arthritis but others had ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, intermittent hydrathrosis and undiagnosed synovitis. After 6 months 81% showed improvement. This figure diminished to approximately 70% at 1 and 2 years, 60% at 3 and 4 years and 50% at 5 years. The mose beneficial results were seen in patients with intermittent hydrarthrosis. Twelve patients with a synovial cyst and/or rupture improved. Patients with thin synovia and anatomic stage I or II disease did best, but those with stage III disease also did well. After the injection 33% of the patients had a reactive synovitis. A variable amount of radioactive material escaped from the knee to the regional lymph nodes and general circulation. PMID- 1125919 TI - Cost of primary health care services in the emergency department and the family physician's office. AB - An attempt has been made to determine the true cost of providing primary health care for nontraumatic conditions in the emergency departments of two hospitals in Ontario and in the offices of family physicians. A total of 1117 patients presenting with 1 of 10 common symptom/sign complexes at the emergency departments or the offices of 15 participating family physicians were studies with regard to number of visits made, type of assessment by the physician, investigations undertaken, management, therapy and outcome of the illness. Costs were calculated from the charges that would be made against the provincial health services insurance plan and from the system of hospital financing in effect in the province. The average true cost per illness episode of this type of care was $14.63 in hospital A, $14.20 in hospital B and $15.90 in the family physician's office. PMID- 1125920 TI - An unusual case of recurrent left atrial myxoma. AB - In a patient who had a calcified left atrial myxoma resected, recurrence developed 31 months later. Although complete radical resection of the recurrent tumour presented a special problem, the patient survived the second operation. The tumour recurred again and the patient had two episodes of cerebral embolism 1 1/2 and 2 years later, respectively, and died 3 1/2 years after the second operation. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate correlated with the size of the tumor, and the recurrent tumour seemed to grow more rapidly than the primary tumour. Experience with this case and a review of the nine reported cases of recurrent left atrial myxoma suggest that a radical approach is necessary at the primary operation. PMID- 1125922 TI - 'In Dublin's fair city' I hope we meet and now is the time to plan.? PMID- 1125921 TI - Fetal monitoring during maternal cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Fetal cardiac activity was monitored with an external ultrasound transducer in two patients with clinical class III heart disease due to severe mitral stenosis complicated by pulmonary hypertension, undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Fetal distress was detected in one patient, who had mitral valvuloplasty, and was corrected by increasing the rate of blood flow, and the other patient had a mitral valve replacement but no fetal distress was noted. The postoperative course of both mothers and fetuses was uneventful. PMID- 1125923 TI - [Frustration is felt by general practitioners of Quebec]. PMID- 1125924 TI - CMA task force presents report on continuing medical education. PMID- 1125925 TI - Australian health service plan heading for July crunch. PMID- 1125926 TI - Britain's National Health Service faces crisis over pay settlements. PMID- 1125927 TI - What insidious side effects on health has our economic disease wrought? PMID- 1125928 TI - Telemetric medical services can provide a voice in the wilderness. PMID- 1125929 TI - Language behaviour and child psychotherapy. AB - The dichotomy between non-verbal or play therapy for the younger and verbal psychotherapy for the older child is questionable in view of the fact that lexical representation begins in the second year of life. It is equally doubtful whether, in the absence of certain communications expressed in verbal symbols, any type of interaction between therapist and child may be called psychotherapy. Language, in varying forms of syntactical and semantic complexity, constitutes the matrix which connects and makes coherent all interactive processes in psychotherapy. This paper attempts to relate some notions of language development to current concepts of child psychotherapy. Linguistic growth is characterized by a fixed gross developmental schedule as well as a specific and universal sequence of acquisition. For the preschooler, still lacking a flexible grammer and syntax to express intricate relationships of perceived events, the value of "interpretations" is doubted; simple statements concerning expression of affect are seen as a rudimentary psychotherapeutic intervention. For the latency child the play situation, with its familiar concrete activity, fuels the child's linguistic competence. Not the play itself but the resulting language becomes the major element of psychotherapy. In late childhood distancing devices and role playing may correct the sociolinguistic asymmetry (adult-child) which inhibits verbal behaviour. PMID- 1125930 TI - Hyperkinesis and maternal smoking. AB - Mothers of methylphenidate-sensitive hyperkinetic children reported smoking two to three times as many cigarettes as the mothers of dyslexic and normal controls; the reported cigarette consumptions of the fathers showed no significant differences. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking during pregnancy is an important cause of the hyperkinetic syndrome. PMID- 1125931 TI - Mental health problems associated with the only child. AB - This study was undertaken to provide an evaluation of the mental health problems associated with the only child and a basis for further studies of singletons. Data were obtained from the recores of the Mental Health Clinic, London Psychiatric Hospital, of 115 only children and 115 non-only children between 5 and 15 years of age. The results showed that the only child did not differ significantly from his non-only peer in intelligence, school progress, referral reasons and the majority of mental health disturbances, but a significant difference was found in his increased submissiveness, greater number of repeat visits to clinic, and in the overprotective attitude of his parents. Aggressive behaviour was more frequently observed in the control group, which also had a significantly higher proportion of rejecting mothers. Suggestions for further research in this area are made. PMID- 1125932 TI - A case of manic-depressive illness in childhood. AB - A case of manic-depressive illness in a boy of 14 is presented and discussed. The illness began at the age of 12, before the onset of puberty, and conformed with most of the criteria set out by Anthony and Scott for the diagnosis of manic depressive illness in childhood. Some of the literature on bi-polar affective illness in childhood is reviewed and the case is discussed. PMID- 1125933 TI - [Evaluation of care in child psychiatry. Results of an exploratory study]. AB - The growing awareness of the importance of evaluating patient care has inspired a psychiatric team at Sainte-Justine Hospital to contact some cases closed during 1971. The population was divided into three groups: the Treated group; Drop-Out "B" (after 1 or 2 sessions); Drop-Out "A" (after a single phone call). A different type of questionnaire was sent to the members of each of these groups. Analysis of the results shows, among other things, that there is a 36 percent drop-out rate ("A" and "B"); that the patients' understanding of the treatment process appears to be of great importance in the treated group; and there is a positive correlation between this and patient improvement. The diagnosis does not appear to be a significant variable in either the Treated Group or the Drop-Out "B" Group. It appears that dropping out is related to the way the cases were handled, particularly in the Drop-Out "A" Group. The results of this study underline the importance of listening to the recipients of our serveces and being easily available to them. It is only after their needs are fully understood that the necessary and pertinent changes can be introduced. PMID- 1125934 TI - Length of interbirth intervals in female psychiatric patients and controls. AB - Length of 121 interbirth intervals for 77 multiparous female psychiatric patients was contrasted with the length of 605 interbirth intervals for 385 matched population-control women to test a clinical observation that female psychiatric patients often have long intervals between consecutive reproductions. No significant difference was found between all patients versus all controls or between any patient diagnostic group versus controls in studying the length of only those intervals including or subsequent to the first psychiatric hospitalization. Intervals during which this hospitalization occurred were significantly longer for all patients combined, for schizophrenic-like psychotics, and for psychopaths, each as compared with its parity-matched control group. The clinical observation was not generally supported by the current data. PMID- 1125935 TI - Folie a Deux. A case of "demonic possession" involving mother and daughter. PMID- 1125936 TI - Letter: The psychiatrist as scientist. PMID- 1125937 TI - Canada needs a population policy! PMID- 1125938 TI - How the leukemic child chooses his confidant. PMID- 1125939 TI - Health and social services under the same roof. PMID- 1125940 TI - Two wheels unsafe for two. PMID- 1125941 TI - Promoting collaboration between education service. PMID- 1125942 TI - Sex talk and nursing. PMID- 1125943 TI - Nurses can help the bereaved. PMID- 1125944 TI - Of half gods and mortals: aesculapian authority. PMID- 1125945 TI - Preop visits expand the OR nurse's role. PMID- 1125946 TI - Synthesis of 2-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-mannose, and its interaction with D-mannose-specific lectins. AB - Condensation of 3, 4:5, 6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannose dimethyl acetal with 2 methyl-(3, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-1, 2-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyrano)-[2', 1':4, 5]-2- oxazoline in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid afforded crystalline 2-O-(2-acetamido-3, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyranosyl)-3, 4:5, 6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannose dimethyl acetal (3) in 25 percent yield. Catalytic deacetylation of 3 with sodium methoxide, followed by hydrolysis with dilute sulfuric acid, gave 2-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D glucopyranosyl)-D-mannose (4). Treatment of 3 with boiling 0.5 percent methanolic hydrogen chloride under reflux gave methyl 2-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (5) and methyl 2-o-2-acetamido-2-deoxy beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannofuranoside (6). The inhibitoryactivities of 4, 5, and 6 against the hemagglutinating and mitogenic activities of Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum lectins and concanavalin A were assayed. From the results of these hapten inhibition studies, subtle differences of specificity between these D-mannose-specific lectins were confirmed. PMID- 1125947 TI - Binding studies on a mouse-myeloma immunoglobulin A having specificity for beta-D (1 yields 6)-linked D-galactopyranosyl residues. AB - The free energies of binding between immunoglobulin A J539 (Fab') and methyl 6-O acetyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (1) and 6-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1, 2:3, 4-di O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranose (2) have been measured. The values found suggest that bulky substitution on O'-6 or O-1, O-2, O-3, and O-4 in the hapten 6 O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose (3) does not interfere with effective binding of that ligand and the immunoglobulin. This conclusion supports the postulations that (a) the ligand 3 binds only on one side of the molecule, and (b) the combining site of the immunoglobulin J539 appears to be located on an exposed surface area. PMID- 1125948 TI - [Synthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-0-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D galactopyranose and its p-aminophenyl-alpha-glycoside]. AB - Benzyl 2-acetamido-3, 4-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside was condensed with 2, 3, 4-tri-O-benzyl-6-O-p-nitrobenzoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide or with 2, 3, 4-tri-O-benzyl-6-O-p-methoxybenzoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide in benzene at 50 degrees in the presence of pyridine, to give benzyl 2 acetamido-3, 4-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-6-O-[2, 3, 4-tri-O-benzyl-6-O-p-nitro(or methoxy)benzoyl]-alpha-D galactopyranoside in excellent yield. The title disaccharide was obtained in crystalline form after deacylation and catalytic hydrogenation. It proved identical with a disaccharide isolated from Salmonella johannesburg 5.58 (40) converted by phage phi 1 (40). In order to bind this disaccharide covalently onto various proteins, p-aminophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy 6-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside has been obtained in an analogous way, starting from p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3, 4-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy alpha-D-galactopyranoside. PMID- 1125949 TI - Immunochemical and chemical investigations of the structure of glycoprotein fragments obtained from epiglycanin, a glycoprotein at the surface of the TA3-Ha cancer cell. AB - The structures of the carbohydrate chains present in fragments of a large molecular-weight glycoprotein, epiglycanin, cleaved from the surface of viable TA3-Ha murine mammary carcinoma ascites cells and purified by gel filtration, were studied by immunochemical and chemical methods. Inhibitory activities for neuraminidase-treated and untreated glycoprotein material in the hemagglutination of NN-specific human erythrocytes by eight purified lectins were determined. Excellent inhibition was obtained in the Bauhinia purpurea, Arachis hypogaea, Iberis amara, and Wistaria floribunda systems, and weak inhibition against the Ricinus communis and Glycine max lectins. No activity against hemagglutination by the Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus limensis lectins was observed. These results, when compared with those obtained by periodate oxidation, alkaline borohydride reduction, and partial methylation, suggest the possible presence of six different carbohydrate chains of 1 to 5 components in length, having as terminal groups N-acetylneuraminic acid, galactose, and 2-acetamido-2 deoxygalactose. All chains are attached to a single polypeptide chain by O glycosyl bonds involving a 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactose residue and a serine or threonine residue. It is suggested that the native molecule of epiglycanin of molecular weight 500,000 contains more than 500 carbohydrate chains attached to a single polypeptide chain of similar to 1,300 amino acid units. PMID- 1125950 TI - The synthesis of 3, 6-di-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D galactose, a branched trisaccharide reported as a hydrolysis product of blood group substances. AB - Protected disaccharides were the only products that could be isolated after condensation of 3, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-diphenoxyphosphoramido-alpha-D glucopyranosyl bromide or 2-acetamido-3, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D glucopyranosyl chloride with benzyl 2, 4-di-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. On the other hand, reaction of 2-methyl-(3, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-1, 2-dideoxy-alpha-D glucopyrano)-[2', 1': 4, 5]-2-oxazoline (6 moles) with the same galactopyranoside (1 mole) gave benzyl 3, 6-di-O-(2-acetamido-3, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D glucopyranosyl)-2, 4-di-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, which was converted, by alkaline methanolysis followed by hydrogenolysis, to the title compound. This appears identical with an oligosaccharide previously obtained through degredation of a blood-group A glycoprotein from hog gastric mucin. PMID- 1125951 TI - Identification of a 2, 3-diamino-2, 3-dideoxyhexose in the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides of Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. AB - A hitherto unknown amino sugar (Compound A), detected in acid hydrolyzates of lipopolysaccharides of Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris, is present in the Lipid A component but not in the O-specific part of the lipopolysaccharides. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose is lacking in the purified Lipid A of both strains. Compound A, characterized by a very high migration in paper electrophoresis was obtained in a pure state by ion-exchange chromatography and shown by m.s. of the alditol acetate to be a 2, 3-diamino-2, 3-dideoxyhexose. G.l.c. and periodate oxidation excluded all possible stereoisomers with the exception of 2, 3-diamino-2, 3-dideoxyglucose and 2, 3-diamino-2, 3-dideoxydose. G.l.c. of the alditol acetates of Compound A and of the glucose derivative suggests that Compound A is 2, 3-diamino-2, 3-dideoxyglucose. The significance of the occurrence of this new aminodeoxy sugar in the Lipid A component of Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris O-antigens for the biological properties of the respective lipopolysaccharides and for the taxonomy of the Rhodospirillaceae family is discussed. PMID- 1125952 TI - The isolation and characterization of rat sublingual mucus-glycoprotein. AB - A purified glycoprotein, designated RSL-major, was isolated from the rat sublingual gland by means of the procedure of Tettamanti and Pigman. It was found to be homogeneous by analytical ultracentrifugation, to have a mol. wt. of 2-2 times 10-6, and to contain 81 percent (W/W) of carbohydrate, which consists mainly of sialic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deocy-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deocy-D galactose, and D-galactose in the molar ratio of 1.4:1.4:1.0:1.5; small amounts of fucose and mannose [1.2 and 2.8 percent (W/W), respectively] were also present. The sialic acid residues were resistant to the action of V. cholerae neuraminidase. This resistance was completely abolished by removal of the O acetyl groups contained in the sialic acid. The sialic acid in RSL-major appeared to be a mixture of N-acetyl-4-O-acetyl- and N-acetyl-4, 7(8)-di-O acetylneuraminic acids. The carbohydrate to protein attachment of RSL-major was shown, by alkaline beta-elimination reaction, to consist of an O-glycosyl linkage between 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyl residues in the oligosaccharide chains and seryl and threonyl residues in the protein core. The average oligosaccharide, contained in RSL-major, was postulated to be a heptasaccharide. A second material, designated RSL-minor, and also isolated from the ratsublingual gland, was obtained as a mixture of glycoprotein(s) and hydroxylapatite gel, and was not purified further. PMID- 1125953 TI - Preparation of 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate from uridine 5' (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl pyrophosphate). PMID- 1125954 TI - [Effect of the magnetic field on biological and inorganic systems (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125955 TI - [Standardization in human cytogenetics. II (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125956 TI - [Urinary excretion of 87-Rb in unexposed individuals (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125957 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis with unusual clinical course (author's transl)]. PMID- 1125958 TI - [1975 -the international year of the woman]. PMID- 1125959 TI - [Regional ventilation evaluated using radioactive gas and radiocolloid]. PMID- 1125960 TI - [The feasibility of measuring the total lung capacity and residual volume by the radiographic method]. PMID- 1125961 TI - [The importance of polygraphy and apexocardiography in circulatory insufficiency associated to acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 1125962 TI - [Thermodiagnostic evaluation of the vasodilator effects of mydocalm]. PMID- 1125963 TI - [Glucagon test of somatotropin secretion]. PMID- 1125964 TI - The influence of genetic resistance on CFU growth kinetics in spleen and femur. AB - An impaired colony formation of C57BL marrow cells transplanted into F1 (C57BL TIMES CBA) mice was observed. In accordance with the literature this phenomenon has been designated as "genetic resistance". Studies to elucidate the mechanism of the genetic resistance demonstrated that the multiplication phase of the CFU growth curve started in the semi-isogeneic combination about 48 hr later than in the isogeneic combination. In the spleen this resulted in a lower "dip". For the spleen as well as for the femur similar CFU doubling times were found during the multiplication phase when both transplantation combinations were compared. Furthermore the percentage of CFU in S-phase (assessed with the 3-H-TdR suicide technique) during the first days after transplantation were similar in both combinations. When the spleen was removed 5-6 months before irradiation and bone marrow transplantation was performed the growth curve of parental CFU in the femur was identical with the growth curve of isogeneic CFU (no delay was observed). These results are discussed and a few theories explaining the observations are proposed. PMID- 1125965 TI - A comparison of computer methods for the analysis of fraction labelled mitoses curves. AB - Computer methods developed by the authors for analysis of fraction labelled mitoses curves (FLM curves) have been compared. Four test examples were used in the study; the first example was the synthesis of a FLM curve with fixed parameters and the others involved fitting actual data. Experimental FLM curves showing various degrees of damping were used in the curve fitting tests. In each test example the comparison was based on the assumptions of exponential growth, a growth fraction of unity and no cell loss. In three of the test examples good agreement between the methods was observed but in one example some important discrepancies arose in the analysis of a heavily damped FLM curve. PMID- 1125966 TI - Inhibitory effects of mitogens on adenoidal lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Cultures of human adenoidal lymphocytes exposed briefly to either phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Staphylococcus filtrate (Staph-F), concanavalin-A (Con A), or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) incorporate increased amounts of thymidine earlier than replicate cultures exposed continuously to the mitogens. These effects can begin in the first 24 hr of culture and are seen maximally between 36 and 72 hr. Once a blastogenic response is established, PHA or PWM can diminish that response. Inhibition with PWM requires that the initial stimulation was with this mitogen, while PHA can inhibit blastogenesis to both PHA and PWM-stimulated cells. Because these mitogens can have a paradoxical effect on adenoidal lymphocytes, being capable of both initiating and inhibiting DNA synthesis, this phenomena should be kept in mind when such systems are utilized for the evaluation of antigens and drug effects. PMID- 1125967 TI - Changes in intestinal cell kinetics in the small intestine of lactating mice. AB - The enlargement of the small intestine of mice during lactation is due, at least in part, to hyperplasia in the mucosal crypts and villi. The number of cells per crypt increases by 130% and the cell production rate by 63% after 15 days of lactation. These parameters were measured from crypt squashes and sections using both double-label and PLM techniques. Neither the numbers of crypts and villi in the small intestine nor the turnover time of post-mitotic cells on the villi changed. A number of factors appear to act in concert during lactation to trigger this increase in epithelial cell number in the small intestine. The experiments reported suggest a role for the increased quantity of food consumed by the lactating animal, for changing hormonal levels, and for the increased demands placed on the body by milk production. PMID- 1125968 TI - Colony-forming ability of bone marrow cells of W anaemic mice on macrophage layer formed in peritoneal cavity of mice. AB - The colony-forming ability of haematopoietic cells of W anaemic mice was examined on the macrophage layer formed in the peritoneal cavity of mice. Bone marrow cells of W anaemic mice formed a considerable number of colonies on the macrophage layer, notwithstanding they did not form any colonies in the spleen of the same recipients. As the colony-forming ability of the bone marrow cells was not reduced by the incubation with 3-H-thymidine, most of the cells which formed colonies on the macrophage layer seemed to stay in G0 state. The interrelationship between the spleen colony-forming cells, the macrophage-layer colony-forming cells, and in vitro colony-forming cells was discussed. PMID- 1125969 TI - Fission of crypts in the small intestine of the irradiated mouse. AB - Following 1600 R of X-rays there was a reduction in the number of crypts in the small intestine of the mouse by 77% as measured 5 days later. However, by 21 days the number had increased steadily to levels approaching normal. The number of villi did not change following irradiation. The mechanism of increase in crypt number was by budding and fission of repopulated crypts which had become larger than normal. Some aspects of crypt organization are discussed. PMID- 1125970 TI - Lymphocyte populations in mouse bone marrow: quantitative kinetic studies in young, pubertal and adult C3H mice. AB - Continuous 3-H-thymidine infusion was used to characterize two kinetic subpopulations of small lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow during normal growth and development. Young (4 wk), pubertal (8 wk) and mature (16 wk) C3H mice were infused subcutaneously with 3-H-thymidine for periods up to 10 days. Femoral marrow was then examined in radioautographic smears. During the first 3 days the proportion of marrow small lymphocytes labelled by 3-H-thymidine showed a rapid exponential increase to 93%, 81%, and 72% in 4 wk, 8 wk and 16 wk mice respectively. The rate of appearance of labelled small lymphocytes then declined markedly but remained higher in younger than in older animals. The labelling curves were found to represent the summation of two exponential curves from which the proportions and renewal rate of corresponding cell populations were calculated. Most marrow small lymphocytes comprised a rapidly renewing population but in mice of increasing age the relative incidence of these cells fell (93-3% at 4 wk; 88-0% at 8 wk; 78-5% at 16 wk) and their half-renewal time (T1/2) lengthened (14 hr at 4 wk; 18 hr at 8 wk; 24 hr at 16 wk). The remaining small lymphocytes were slowly renewing with mean T1/2 OF 4, 7 and 14 days in 4, 8 AND 16 wk mice, RESPECTIVELY. Some heavily labelled small lymphocytes persisted in the marrow up to 10 wk after fourteen daily 3-H-thymidine injections in 10-12 wk mice. The numbers of rapidly renewing cells decreased from 604 times 10-3 to 228 times 10-3 per mm-3 of marrow from 4 wk to 16 wk, respectively, while slowly renewing cells increased from 44 times 10-3 to 61 times 10-3 per mm-3. The total number of nucleated marrow cells per femur increased from 4 wk to 16 wk but the rapidly renewing small lymphocytes per femur fell in numbers by 36% and in renewal rate by 63%. The results demonstrate a selective change in bone marrow small lymphocytes with age; rapidly renewing cells decline in number and renewal rate while the number of slowly renewing cells increases. The concept of bone marrow as a primary lymphoid organ is discussed. PMID- 1125971 TI - Anthropometry in the assessment of the current nutritional status of school children. PMID- 1125972 TI - Aetiological factors related to intestinal volvulus. PMID- 1125973 TI - Initial experience with an endemic disease register. PMID- 1125974 TI - The state and comprehensive health services: Republic of South Africa. PMID- 1125975 TI - Letter: to the editor. Recurrent uveitis: a suggested remedy. PMID- 1125976 TI - Calculation of mRNA lifetimes using ribosomal RNA labeling as a metabolic probe. PMID- 1125977 TI - Messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes isolated with oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography from kidney polysomes. AB - As an initial step towards understanding the role of mRNP complexes in translational regulation during compensatory renal hypertrophy, characteristics of polysome-associated mRNP isolated by affinity chromatography were studied. Renal mRNP contained 15-30 percent of the counts after a 1 hr pulse with -3H orotic acid; it sedimented mainly between 10S and 100S and had a buoyant density of 1.42-1.44 g/cm-3. RNA derived from the mRNP sedimented between 5S and 40S on sucrose density gradients, with the greatest radioactivity in the region of 15S. After labeling with -3H-adenine for 1 hr, up to 17 percent of the radioactivity present in the mRNP-associated RNA was resistant to digestion by pancreatic and T1 ribonucleases. The mRNP protein moiety contained six polypeptides with molecular weights 69,000, 75,000, 80,000, 100,000, 109,000, and 118,000 daltons, which were undetected in the material not binding to oligo(dT)-cellulose. PMID- 1125978 TI - Synthesis of all the gene products of the reovirus genome in vivo and in vitro. AB - Sixteen virus-specific polypeptides have been resolved in reovirus-infected mouse L cells by using SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Of these, ten have been designated as primary products of the genome by the following criteria: they are present in lysates of infected cells labeled for a short time; they co-migrate on SDS-polyacrylamide slab gels with polypeptides synthesized in cell-free-extracts of wheat germ in response to purified viral mRNA; and their molecular weights correspond to the values expected if all ten reovirus mRNA species are monocistronic. Reovirus mRNA species lack 3' poly(A) but are translated into proteins of the expected size. The pattern of synthesis of the primary gene products observed in vitro mimicks that observed in reovirus infected cells suggesting that the structure of the mRNA may profoundly influence its translation. The results further indicate that there is little, if any, exclusively regulatory information in the reovirus genome since both in vivo and in vitro, transcripts of the ten genome segments direct the synthesis of ten polypeptides that presumably correspond to the primary gene products. The expression of the reovirus genome thus appears to be complete. PMID- 1125979 TI - Units of transcription and translation: sequence components of heterogeneous nuclear RNA and messenger RNA. AB - Defining the units in which the eucaryotic genome is transcribed and translated is central to any analysis of eucaryotic gene expression. The relationship between heterogeneous nuclear RNA and messenger RNA raises the question of whether the primary transcript may be more complex than the sequence which is translated; as I concluded last month in the first part of this review, kinetic analyses of these two RNA populations provide some suggestive indications but cannot prove whether the nuclear population includes messenger precursors that are much longer than mature cytoplasmic messengers (Lewin, 1975). Here I discuss recent analyses of the sequence components present in hnRNA and mRNA and how they may be related to each other and to the organization of the genome. PMID- 1125980 TI - Quantitative analysis of DNA content in the salivary gland chromosomes of Chironomus thummi at larval and prepupal stages. AB - Relative DNA content during the polytenization of the salivary gland nuclei of Chironomus thummi was measured by cytophotometric and cytofluorometric methods. To estimate the degree of polyteny, the DNA content was calculated in hemocyte and spermatocyte nuclei. Chromosome polytenization is associated with 10 to 12 replication rounds. There are 4-5 replication rounds in 1st instar, 2-3 rounds in 2nd instar; 3rd and 4th instars have 1-2 rounds each. From early postembryonic development, larvae already have salivary gland nuclei representing two polyteny classes (2-3 - 2-4C); A similar heterogeneity is retained in all instars. The approximate DNA content is 0.51-0.58 picogram per diploid set. PMID- 1125981 TI - Synthesis of oviduct nuclear and chromatin proteins during steroid induced differentiation. AB - Synthesis of nuclear histones and nonhistones was studied in chick oviduct during stimulation with estrogen and progesterone. In estrogen primed chicks, as compared to progesterone primed chicks, oviduct nonhistones are enriched in polypeptides of 50,000 daltons and larger. A secondary stimulation with the steroids increases the amino acid incorporation into histones and nonhistones two to six fold. Injection with estrogen induces preferential labelling of nonhistone polypeptides at 50,000 to 60,000 daltons independent of the kind of primary stimulation. A secondary injection with progesterone increases the amounts of highly labelled polypeptides with a molecular weight of over 70,000 daltons. PMID- 1125982 TI - DNA and RNA content of Chironomus thummi polytene chromosomes determined by micro column gel filtration. AB - A new microtechnique was used to determine the nucleic acid content of Chironomus polytene chromosomes. The method based on UV-microspectrophotometric measurement of alkali digested chromosome samples before and after gel filtration through Sephadex microcolumns permits the simultaneous estimation of DNA as well as RNA amount of single chromosomes and nucleoli. The DNA and RNA content of C. thummi salivary gland chromosomes I-III carrying a large number of puffs (but no nucleoli or Balbiani rings) corresponds roughly to their relative lengths. Chromosomes of the most frequent polyteny level (class B; probably 8192 C) contain 418 (Chromosome I), 372 (II), and 307 times 10-12 g DNA (III) and 116, 120 and 69 times 10-12 g RNA, respectively. The 4th chromosome, which carries the nucleolus and two Balbiani rings, contains about 150 times 10-12 g DNA and 328 times 10-12 g RNA. As the result of one of the last replication steps both DNA and RNA content of chromosomes I-III becomes duplicated whereas nucleolar RNA content is increased to a smaller extent. PMID- 1125983 TI - Transient cytoplasmic bridges among the cells of developing cerebellum: a possible mode of induction for cell differentiation. AB - In the developing cerebellum of neonate rats, membrane fusions and cytoplasmic bridges were observed between the pre-existing Purkinje cells and the migratory and differentiating granule cells. These ultrastructural specializations of the apposing membranes were seen to be transient in nature, and represented a developmental phenomenon. On the basis of literature available on this type of direct cell-to-cell interaction it is suggested that such transient cytoplasmic bridges may provide induction for differentiation from the pre-existing Purkinje cells to the undifferentiated cells. PMID- 1125984 TI - Additional evidence that the cell-associated immune system is the primary host defense against measles (rubeola). PMID- 1125985 TI - T cell-independent response to BSA after abolishment of tolerance by allogeneic or delayed hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 1125986 TI - Quantitation of anti-tumor cell-mediated immunity by a lymphokine-dependent reaction using small volumes of blood. PMID- 1125987 TI - Studies on the physiological manifestations of cell mediated cytotoxicity. II. Inhibition of (3-H)thymidine incorporation by plasmacytoma cells exposed in vitro to sensitized splenocytes. PMID- 1125988 TI - Mechanisms in immune tolerance. III. Immunosuppression and the induction of tolerance--synergism and antagonism. PMID- 1125989 TI - Interaction of BCG-activated macrophages with neoplastic and noneoplastic cell lines in vitro: cinemicrographic analysis. PMID- 1125990 TI - Selective immunodepression in mice by Trichinella spiralis extracts and infections. PMID- 1125991 TI - The response to phytohemagglutinin or to concanavalin A as a probe for subpopulations of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 1125992 TI - Capillary tube leukocyte migration inhibition as a correlate of cell-mediated immunity in the chicken. PMID- 1125993 TI - Homing of labeled lymphoid cells in athymic mice: evidence for additional immunologic defects. PMID- 1125994 TI - Humoral immunostimulation. II. Increased nucleoside incorporation, DNA synthesis, and cell growth in L cells treated with anti-L cell antibody. PMID- 1125995 TI - The mechanism of immunoresistance of H(z1) mice to C57BL/6 tumors. PMID- 1125996 TI - An antigen-specific component of lectin-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 1125997 TI - Theories of antibody diversity: the great debate. PMID- 1125998 TI - Commentary on the primitive mind of childhood. PMID- 1125999 TI - In vitro reaction of beta-propiolactone and gamma-butyrolactone with glutathione and cysteine. AB - The in vitro reaction of the carcinogenic beta-propiolactone (BPL) and the non carcinogenic gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) with glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (CySH) was examined spectrophotometrically. The characteristic absorbance of thioesters in the region of 233 nm appeared when BPL and GSH reacted but not when BPL and CySH reacted or when GBL was mixed with GSH or CySH. The absorbance disappeared when hydroxylamine was added. The results are in striking contrast to the notion that all carcinogenic lactones alkylate nucleophiles and that all inactive lactones acylate nucleophiles. The reaction between BPL and GSH produced about equal quantities of thioester and thioether, which could be separated chromatographically. PMID- 1126000 TI - Effect of aflatoxins on oxidative phosphorylation by rat liver mitochondria. AB - The in vitro effect of aflatoxins M1, B1 and G1 on oxidative phosphorylation by rat liver mitochondria with succinate as substrate has been studied. All these toxins inhibit the electron transport chain at a 1-10-4 M concentration and the site of inhibition is between cytochrome b and cytochrome c or c1. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) uncouples oxidative phosphorylation at a concentration of 1-10-6 M and reduces the ADP:O ratio, whereas aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at 1-10-6 M concentration uncouples oxidative phosphorulation but does not affect the ADP:O ratio. At a concentration of 1-10-5 M, AFB1 also decreases the ADP:O ratio along with the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) acts as an uncoupler at a relatively higher concentration of 1-10-4 M. Preincubation of mitochondria with these aflatoxins resulted in inhibition of respiration and uncoupling of rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 1126001 TI - Decreased synthesis of hepatic satellite DNA in pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis of the sheep. AB - the proportion of heavy satellite in the DNA isolated from the livers of sheep suffering from experimental pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis is significantly lower (3.5%) than that found in the DNA from lovers of normal sheep (12%). Dehydroheliotridine, the major unbound, relatively stable metabolite of lasiocarpine and heliotrine, the alkaloids used in the study, was found to inhibit selectively the semiconservative replication of the satellite DNA in cultures of ovine kidney cells. It is suggested that the inhibition of the synthesis of satellite DNA may be related to an attack by the metabolite on the pericentromeric region where the majority of the satellite sequences are located. PMID- 1126002 TI - Rate-limiting steps in drug metabolism by microsomes from CCl-4-cirrhotic rat liver. AB - Comparative studies have been conducted of the activity of microsomal mixed function oxidases from livers of normal, precirrhotic and cirrhotic rats linked with the metabolism of type-I (aminopyrine, hexobarbital), type-II (aniline, metyrapone) and "modified type-II" (corticosterone) substrates. The following factors were investigated: the possible role of cytochrome P-450 content, the state of the "substrate-binding protein" of this enzyme, the degree of affinity of this hemoprotein for both type-I and type-II substrates and finally, the activity of the enzymes of the microsomal electron-transport chain (both in the absence and in the presence of type-I substrate) -- as rate-limiting reactions, "tight spots" in the biotransformation of drugs in experimental microsomes. It was found that the hydroxylation activity for type-II and "modified type-II" substrates during the entire period of liver cirrhosis development is determined by the cytochrome P-450 content and the amplitude of maximal spectral changes observed in the presence of excess substrate. Type-I substrate metabolism, however, is limited in the precirrhotic phase by the state of the "substrate binding protein" contained in P-450 as well as by the NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity. On the other hand, the N-demethylating activity in CCl-4 cirrhotic liver microsomes does not depend on either the concentration of P-450, on the amplitude of the maximal spectral changes or on the Ks value. The rate limiting step in this case is the rate of reduction of the P-450-substrate complex by NADPH. PMID- 1126003 TI - Alterations in the metabolism of fats and phosphatides in rat liver induced by halide ions. AB - The effects of halide ions on several pathways of lipid metabolism have been investigated in rat liver slices. Through the use of carboxyl-14-C-labeled acetate and palmitate and U-14-C-labeled glycine, striking differences were found when the effects of the four halide ions on the labeling of the lipids were compared. Both fluoride and iodide dpressed [14-C]acetate incorporation into phosphatide and triglyceride fractions. The effects of the halide ions on the labeling from the effects observed when [14-C]acetate was the precursor of the lipid molecule. In contrast with the phospholipid fractions, the level of radioactivity from [14-C]palmitate incorporated into the triglycerides was lower with fluoride than with chloride. The incorporation of [14-C]glycine into the phospholipids was also greatly depressed by fluoride. The effects of halide ions on acetoacetate formation, on 14-CO2 production and on the acetylcoenzyme A synthetase of rat liver were also investigated. Decreasing [I-14-C]-acetate conversion to acetoacetate iodide had an opposite effect on 14-CO2 production from the same labeled substrate. The effects of the four halide ions and the differences observed with the three labeled substrates on several pathways related to lipid metabolism are discussed. PMID- 1126004 TI - The inhibition of glyceradehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by benz(a)anthracene and its derivatives after exposure to laboratory lighting. AB - Colloidal dispersions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were found to inhibit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) after a short exposure of the incubation medium to laboratory lighting. The activation effect was observed with substituted 7-methyl derivatives of 12 methylbenz(a)anthracene also. One minute exposure of 7-methoxymethyl-12 methylbenz(a)anthracene (MeO-DMBA) to light was sufficient to produce a measurable amount of GPDH inhibition. The rate of enzyme inhibition was related to the pH of the dispersion. A small but significant effect of light on the inhibition of the enzymes by K-region epoxides was seen. Protein binding of the epoxides was not well correlated with the inhibition. The light effect was oxygen dependent and was related to the hydrocarbon concentration. The active form decayed over a period of more than 25 days. The necessity for protecting reactions involving hydrocarbons and their derivatives from light is emphasized. PMID- 1126005 TI - Localization in the cell cycle of the antimitotic action of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid, lasiocarpine and of its metabolite, dehydroheliotridine. AB - The antimitotic action of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid lasiocarpine on rat liver parenchyma was investigated using as the experimental model the wave of mitosis produced in liver by a single dose of thioacetamide. A single low dose of lasiocarpine administered two weeks before the thioacetamide, almost completely inhibited the mitotic wave without inhibiting to the same extent the preceding wave of DNA synthesis. By the use of selective inhibitors and radioisotope labelling, the location of the mitotic block was found to be either in the latter half of the DNA synthetic phase, S, or early in G2, the post-synthetic phase. The mitotic wave was similarly inhibited by pretreatment of the rats with a single injection of dehydroheliotridine, a pyrrolic metabolite of heliotridine-based pyrrolizidine alkaloids. PMID- 1126006 TI - The occurrence of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomes from untreated rats and mice. AB - The hepatic microsomes of rat and mice were subfractionated by the procedure of Dallner. When a 1.3 M sucrose lower layer was used for the two-step discontinuous gradient, no differences in spectral characteristics were noted between subfractions, though the smooth fractions (SER) had higher oxidative activity towards the substrates tested. When lower layers of 1.05, 1.1 or 1.15 M sucrose were used, and the SER isolated contained cytochdrome P-450 with significantly different spectral characteristics from that of the rough fraction (RER). The SER cytochrome P-450 had a wavelength maximum in the carbon-monoxide reduced difference spectrum that was significantly lower (ca. 1.0 nm) than that in the RER. In addition, the type I:CO-reduced spectral ratio of these fractions is significantly elevated. These data indicate that liver microsomes from untreated rats and mice contain more than one cytochrome P-450 and that of these cytochromes may be located in different parts of the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 1126007 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance line shapes in lipid bilayer model membranes. PMID- 1126008 TI - ORD and CD studies of saturated glycerides. AB - A convenient method for transforming 3-acyl-sn-glycerols into 1-acyl-2,3-diacyl' sn-glycerols, antipodes of 1,2-diacyl'=3-acyl-sn-glycerols, of relatively high optical purity, via the 1,2-dimesyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols has been worked out. ORD and CD curves of optically active triglycerides and also some mono- and diglycerides have been studied in detail. The curo 200 nm or below. A Cotton effect from the n yeilds ets* transtition of the ester chromophore was observed at 215-220 nm, which was negative for triglyceritical rotations could be observed in triglycerides with very small differences in chain length, such as 1,2 dilauroyl-3-myristoyl-sn-glycerol. PMID- 1126009 TI - PMR analysis of unsaturated triglycerides using shift reagents. AB - The addition of Pr(fod)3 i.e. tris(1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-,7-dimethyl 1-4,6 octanedionato) praseodymium, to trilinolein has been found to induce a difference in the chemical shifts of the absorptions from the acids on the alpha- and beta positions. At 220 MHz this was observed up to 18 carbon atoms along the chain. Decoupling of the alkenyl protons at 100 MHz enabled the absorptions from the skipped methylene groups to be used to determine the position of linoleate and linolenante chains in triglycerides. PMID- 1126010 TI - Preparation of stable, optically clear emulsions of triolein and cholesteryl oleate by ultrasonication with egg lecithin. PMID- 1126011 TI - Acomparative study of two methods of urine preservation. AB - In preparation for the conduct of biochemical experiments in the Skylab Orbital Workshop a study was performed on the stability of various chemical constituents in urine in 2 different techniques for preservation and storage. Urine samples were either vacuum dried or frozen and maintained in storage at minus 20 degrees for periods of up to 10 weeks. The urinary constituents studied included aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, urea, nitrogen, creatine, hydroxyproline, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, calcium, sodium potassium, chloride, magnesium and phosphate. Some degradation of urinary compounds was observed after both treatments. The rate and variability of destruction following the vacuum drying treatment, however, was greater than for freezing. It was concluded that only the freezing treatment could be used to preserve with predictable loss the urinary samples which would be returned to earth following the conclusion of each Skylab flight. PMID- 1126012 TI - [Quality control of testosterone and digoxin radioimmunoassays and cortisol competitive protein binding assay by the reference sample method]. AB - The inclusion of a minimum of 2 reference samples in the radioimmunoassay of testesterone and digoxin, and the competitive protein binding assay of cortisol served as a simple and practical index of overall assay performance. Statistical parameters, the mean plus or minus 2 standard deviation limits as well as the % coefficient of variation were determined at 3 clinically significant values for these samples. While a 50% intercept served mainly to indicate standard curve sensitivity, quality control sera provided a valid assessment of annay precision. PMID- 1126013 TI - Serum triglycerides: a comparison of a nephelometric and an enzymic method. PMID- 1126014 TI - Stability studies of triglycerides in serum. PMID- 1126015 TI - Gas chromatography of Krebs cycle and related acids on Silar 10C. PMID- 1126016 TI - A simulation model for determination of the economic production rate of the auto analyzer system. AB - 1. The problem is considered of determining the appropriate rate of operation of an Auto Analyzer System. A computer model is presented which simulates the operation of the system, so as to describe the frequency of such events as repeated samples. 2. Estimates may be obtained of average total running costs, incorporating those of consumables and technician time and the rate which minimises the average cost, subject to stated test quality constraints, may then be calculated. PMID- 1126017 TI - A micro method for direct determination of ionic fluoride in body fluids with the hanging drop fluoride electrode. AB - A simple method for direct determination of ionic fluoride in 5 mul samples of body fluids with the hanging drop fluoride electrode, using sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.8) is described. The hanging drop electrode should prove useful in experimental investigations employing small laboratory animals and in clinical laboratories. PMID- 1126018 TI - The glycoprotein content of meconium. AB - Meconium pooled according to blood group activity has been studied. It was found to consists largely of glycoproteins. Two glycoprotein fractions have been isolated, one of which consisted of mucous-type glycoproteins and the other of "mannose-containing" glycoproteins. PMID- 1126019 TI - Estimation of serum uric acid by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A precise method for serum uric acid is described based on direct electrochemical oxidation in the eluate from high performance liquid chromatography. The detection limit for uric acid was found to be approximately 1 pg and accurate measurements were possible at the 100 pg level. Detailed procedures are outlined for 0.5 ml and 25 mul serum samples, the relative standard deviations being 1.7% and 1.8%, respectively, for a 6.2 ml/dl serum pool. Samples were normally deproteinized, however, the analysis can be carried out by injection of 2 mul of serum diluted 10-fold with distilled water. The proposed micro method is highly selective and eliminates the need for the enzyme preparation and/or nonspecific colorimetric reagents in common use. PMID- 1126020 TI - N-EPSILON-(CARBOXYMETHYL)LYSINE, A CONSTITUENT OF HUMAN URINE. AB - An unknown urinary amino acid, present in small amounts in many children with various diseases, has been isolated and identified as N-Epsilon (carboxymethyl)lysine. The identity of this compound was confirmed by synthesis. Its chromatographical characteristics are described. The compound also occurred in the urine of prematurely born infants. Even in healthy adults trace amounts could be detected. In a few patients strikingly higher excretions were observed, up to 67 mg/g creatinine, as determined by cation-exchange column chromatography. No clear correlation with a distinct clinical picture could be established. Speculations are given about the origin of the compound. PMID- 1126021 TI - A new cocktail for liquid scintillation counting of aqueous radioimmunoassay samples. AB - The aim of this investigation was to find a scintillation mixture for counting up to 1 ml of plasma. We succeeded in obtaining a mixture of xylene/Triton X 100/mono- and di-butylphosphate, and called it Plasmasol. The properties were ideal for radioimmunoassays of steroids. Good dissolving properties, high counting efficiency, absence of chemiluminescence and a good stability and reproducibility with respect to the disintegrations per minute were achieved. The cost was only 25% of the commercially available ready-to-use liquid scintillation mixtures, with which a comparison was made. PMID- 1126022 TI - Activation by pyridoxal 5-phosphate of aspartate transaminase in serum of patients with heart and liver disease. AB - When aspartate transaminase activity in serum is increased, pyridoxal 5-phosphate addition produces more pronounced activation of post-myocardial infarct sera than of sera from patients with chronic liver disease. Possible explanations for this are considered. Routine pre-incubation of sera with pyridoxal phosphate prior to aspartate transaminase determination is recommended. PMID- 1126023 TI - Analysis of heat inactivation curves of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum. AB - The course of the decline in alkaline phosphatase activity during exposureof serum samples to a temperature of 56 degree C can be resolved into two phases. These represent the exponential decay of an enzyme component with an average half inactivation time of 112 seconds and of a second component with an average half inactivation time of 456 seconds. The more rapid fall is due to inactivation of bone alkaline phosphatase and the slower to inactivation of liver and, when present, intestinal phosphatases. The half-inactivation times of the different enzyme species show considerable variation from one serum sample to another. The implications of this variation for methods of estimating the relative proportions of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by selective inactivation procedures are discussed. PMID- 1126024 TI - The separation and characterization of liver plasma membrane fragments circulating in the blood of patients with cholestasis. AB - Investigations on the high molecular weight isozyme of alkaline phosphatase (R type of AP), which is typically found in the serum of patients with cholestasis, have revealed that AP of the R type corresponds to the conventional liver AP which is attached to vesicular material. The isolation of these vesicles by Sepharose gel filtration is described. Several features were found to be characteristic for these vesicles: 1. The presence of the following enzymes known to be membrane bound: alkaline phosphatase (AP), 5FEET-NUCLEOTIDASE, L-leucyl beta-naphthylamidase (LAP), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). 2. The absence of the following enzymes known not to be present on cell membranes: glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and acid phosphatase. 3. The typical ultrastructural appearance and the cytochemical visualization of alkaline phosphatase and 5feet nucleotidase. It is concluded that the vesicles correspond to fragments of the liver cell membranes that appear and continue to circulate in the blood of patients with cholestasis. PMID- 1126025 TI - An automated determination of free plasma hydroxyproline. PMID- 1126026 TI - Incidence and some properties of an electrophoretically slow form of alkaline phosphatase in sera of patients with diseases of the intestine. AB - A zone of alkaline phosphatase activity migrating at about 40 percent of the rate of liver phosphatase in gel electrophoresis has been detected in sera from 2 out of 22 cases of ulcerative colitis and 1 out of 32 cases of Crohn's disease, but in no other specimen from 33 patients with other diseases of the digestive tract. This rare form of alkaline phosphatase was unlike small-intestinal alkaline phosphatase in several properties. Its appearance in association with diseases of the colon suggests that the rare isoenzyme may originate in that organ. However, the slowly migrating alkaline phosphatase was equally prominent in serum specimens taken before and after operation in one patient who underwent a pan proctocolectomy for the alleviation of uncontrollable ulcerative colitis. PMID- 1126027 TI - Electrophoretically variant alkaline phosphatases in a human liver. PMID- 1126028 TI - Effect of essential oil of onion (allyl propyl disulphide) on blood glucose, free fatty acid and insulin levels of normal subjects. AB - The administration of allyl propyl disulphide (APDS), a volatile substance contained in onion, to six normal volunteers after a 12 hour fast caused a significant fall in the blood glucose levels and a significant rise in the serum insulin levels during the subsequent 4 hours. It is argued that this effect is due to an insulin sparing action. The expected rise of serum free fatty acid levels after fasting did not occur after APDS administration and this effect is probably related to the simultaneous rise in the insulin levels. PMID- 1126029 TI - Semi-automated radioimmunoassays for total serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine. AB - Single stage semi-automated radioimmunoassays for total serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are described which employ an automatic pipetting station, automatic gamma counter, and a programmable calculator with paper tape reader and printing facility. Both assays require only a small volume of unextracted serum, and are specific and sensitive. Their sample capacity, precision, speed, and cost are comparable with the measurement of serum protein-bound iodine. Both assays therefore have significant advantages over previous methods for the assessment of thyroid function in the diagnostic laboratory. A Simple method of automating the calculation of results is described, which is applicable to any radioimmunoassay in which the standard curve is approximately linear on a plot of the free/bound fraction against the antigen concentration. In addition, a general method is reported which reveals the relative contributions of intrinsic, systematic, and random error to radioimmunoassay precision. PMID- 1126030 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of human tissue extracts: partial characterization of two variants separated by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A. AB - The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of normal and pathological tissue extracts was separated into two variants, Concanavalin A reactive (CEAr) and non-reactive CEA (CEAn) by affinity chromatography on Con A Sepharose columns. CEAr was the quantitatively predominant variant. CEAn varied in concentration between 0.2 and 6 percent of the total CEA activity. The affinity of CEAn for anti-CEA antibodies was significantly lower than that of CEAr. Pooled extracts of primary adenocarcinomas of the colon contained CEAn in the lowest concentration and with the least affinity for antibodies. It is suggested that a deficiency and/or steric blocking of alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues in CEAn reduce the affinities for both antibodies and Con A. PMID- 1126031 TI - Variations in human metabolism of methaqualone given in therapeutic doses and in overdose cases studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The individual variations in human metabolism of methaqualone were studied after oral administration of therapeutic doses. The effect of antabuse on the drug metabolism as well as metabolites in some autopsy cases were also studied. The metabolites were identified using the GC-MS computer technique, and the relative amounts of the indicated metabolites were calculated from the sum of the peak heights in the gas chromatogram. The results show that the individual variations were small in the cases of therapeutic doses and that antabuse did not interact with the metabolism of methaqualone. Large amounts of one single metabolite 2 methyl-3-[phenyl(2'-methyl-4-hydroxy)]-4(3H)-quinazolinone was found in the bile from the two autopsy cases where the bile was also collected. PMID- 1126033 TI - Improved fibrin plate method for fibrinolytic activity measurements: use of bentonite precipitation and agar solidification. AB - A modification of the fibrin plate method to assure sterility and fibrin stability is described. Bovine fibrinogen is precipitated with bentonite to remove the plasminogen and agar is added to assure stability. Storage of the plates up to 7-10 days has resulted in no bacterial growth. This rapid, sensitive method is useful in the isolation of plasminogen or its activators by chromatographic separation. PMID- 1126032 TI - Empirical relations as interference correctives in multichannel analyzers. AB - Interference from turbidity and bilirubin on 20 serum constituents have been examined on the AutoChemist multichannel analytical system. Empirical relations are presented which correct for these effects on tests such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, chloride, cholesterol, creatinine, iron, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphate and uric acid. The interference correctives are routinely applied to patient specimens by aid of the computer attached to the system. PMID- 1126034 TI - Resistance to Levamisole (R12456) in heat-stable alkaline phosphatases. AB - The inhibitory effect of Levamisole (R12456) on human alkaline phosphatases has been studied. At a concentration of 0.1 mM it is possible to differentiate the source of the enzyme. Enzyme activity relatively resistant to Levamisole (less than 20 percent loss) is present in serum with the Regan isoenzyme, in placental extracts, in the intestinal "B" preparation and in heat-stable alkaline phosphatases "unmasked" after treatment at high ionic strength. PMID- 1126035 TI - Urinary organic acid analysis in non-ketotic hyperglycinemia: non-specific occurrence of free benzoic acid, due to a beta-streptococcus infection. AB - The presence of free benzoic acid in the urine of a patient with non-ketotic hyperglycinemia was demonstrated to be due to a urinary tract infection with beta streptococci (group B), and was eliminated by treatment with Penicillin G. In addition, the continuous excretion of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was observed. The patient was also found to excrete small and variable amounts of tiglic acid during the period of observation. Except for benzoic acid, large excesses of any specific organic acid were not observed. PMID- 1126036 TI - Oligosaccharides in urine of patients with glycoprotein storage diseases. I. Rapid detection by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 1126037 TI - The diagnostic value of certain alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme patterns in human serum, fractions obtained by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. AB - Over 2500 pathological sera were analysed to determine alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) isoenzyme levels. 3% of these sera showed two or more narrow isoenzyme bands with a lower electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide than that of the intestine type of alkaline phosphatase and higher than that of the bile type of alkaline phosphatase (the extra-bands group). This latter group showed significantly more intestine-tupe alkaline phosphatase than a control group of 240 sera lacking extra serum bands. Significantly more of the individuals in the extra-bands group belonged to blood group O or B than did individuals of the control group. This relationship with blood groups suggests that the presence of the extra bands is genetically determined. It is concluded that the presence of these extra bands is not a specific indication for a particular disease or malignant process. The serum of seven patients showed an unusually strong alkaline phosphatase band with a relative mobility amounting to about one-third of that of the liver-type band (2nd fraction group). Specificity for a particular disease could not be established in this group either. In four patients the serum showed an alkaline phosphatase band with an electrophoretic mobility greater than that of the liver-tupe band (6th fraction group). All of these patients had liver metastases of a primary adenocarcinoma localized in the pancreas or stomach. After the demonstration of this fraction in ther serum, the course became progessively worse. PMID- 1126038 TI - Estrogen analysis in pregnancy urine: an artifact corrected. PMID- 1126039 TI - Occurrence of multiforms of alpha-amylase, new isozymes or autodigested forms. PMID- 1126040 TI - The measurement of bilirubin in liver. PMID- 1126041 TI - Studies on N-aspartyl-beta-glucosaminidase in aspartylglycosaminuria. PMID- 1126042 TI - Nothing dehydrogenase reaction as an artefact in serum isoenzyme analyses. AB - A nonspecific staining occurs in serum in isoenzyme methods based on tetrazolium staining reactions. The artefact is pronounced when a large application volume, a prolonged incubation time, distinctly alkaline conditions, or excess of phenazine methosulphate is used. Only phenazine methosulphate and a tetrazolium stain are required for the appearance. Inhibition studies and histochemical staining reactions give evidence that protein-bound sulphydryl groups are responsible for the artefact in serum. PMID- 1126043 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of the major polypeptides of human erythrocyte membranes prepared by low and high osmolarity haemolysis. AB - Human erythrocyte membranes were prepared in three ways: washing in hypotonic Tris buffer, pH 7.6, by lysis in isotonic Tris buffer pH 7.6 after incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 hours and by ultrasonication in an isotonic medium, pH 7.6. Analysis of the major polypeptides of the erythrocyte membranes by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a selective depletion of a major polypeptide representing glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the membranes prepared by high osmolarity lysis. The pattern of seperation of the remaining polypeptides was identical in the 3 different membrane preparations. PMID- 1126044 TI - Serum protein changes in coal workers' pneumoconiosis. AB - Differences from the normal were found in the serum proteins of coal workers suffering from pneumoconiosis which were similar to those in subjects suffereing from bronchitis, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. The differences consisted of decreased albumin and increased globulin contents, and decreased sulphydryl contents, and decreased sulphydryl contents in both albumin and globulin proteins. These differences caused a reduction in the number of protein sulphydryl groups in serum. In pnemoconiotic coal workers the amount of idsulphide-linked cysteine in albumin increased above the normal, the increase tending to depend on the severity of the pneumoconiosis. Apart from this correlation the above differences could not be used to diagnose the class of pneumoconiosis. PMID- 1126045 TI - Assessment of a new enzyme reaction rate analyser, the Vitatron AKES. AB - We have assessed the function of the Vitatron AKES (Automatic Kinetic Enzyme System) in terms of three enzymes, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase and asparate transaminase, and have compared the results with our existing techniques. Overall a good precision and correlation with routine laboratory methods was found. The machine is entirely automatic in operation and is economical in its use of sample and reagents. PMID- 1126046 TI - Cirrhosis. Foreword. PMID- 1126047 TI - Relation of steatosis to cirrhosis. AB - Steatosis of the liver is a harmless symptom of disturbed lipid metabolism but not a disease. The cause of the steatosis, and not the fat accumulation by itself, produces cirrhosis. There is no evidence so far in man that cirrhosis may be caused by nutritional deficiencies alone. Even cirrhosis after small bowel bypass procedures seems to be result from metabolic rather than nutritional disturbances. PMID- 1126048 TI - Physical and mental defect of chromosomal origin in four individuals of the same family. Trisomy for the short arm of 9. AB - A family with the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q13;q11) segregating in genetically balanced and unbalanced form is identified. The clinical features of four members with trisomy for the short arm of 9, and the proximal part of the long arm of 9, are described in detail. Features in common are summarized and compared with developmental abnormality observed in other examples of trisomy for the short arm of 9. An attempt is made to delineate further the clinical features commonly seen in trisomy for the short arm of 9. PMID- 1126049 TI - The unique green phenomenon and colour vision. AB - The mode of inheritance of the Unique Green phenomenon is investigated by a new technique. This involves a spectrometer which generates the stimulus in such a manner that the exact position that is neither blue-green nor yellow-green can be compared with neighbouring positions in the spectrum. This technique is used in conjunction with the single field techniques of Waaler to confrim the mode in inheritance he has suggested: that it is an effect carried on the X chromosome. The placing of the Unique Green point in the spectrum is shown to correlate with the mid-matching point in the blue-yellow axis on the Pickford Nicolson Anomaloscope. It is concluded that there may be a highly photolabile visual pigment present, which absorbs maximally at about the yellow region of the spectrum, PMID- 1126050 TI - Dominant mesomelic dwarfism of the hypoplastic tibia, radius type. AB - A new type of mesomelic dwarfism in two male siblings and their father is presented. The responsible mutant gene manifests itself phenotypically as a severe dysostosis of the tibia with shortening, bowing and pseudarthrosis and as a mild dysostosis of the radius. The fibulae and ulnae are secondarily affected, but the rest of the skeleton is normal. The disorder has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It can be differentiated rather easily from the already known forms of mesomelic dwarfism. PMID- 1126051 TI - Friedreich's ataxia in Western Norway. AB - Friedreich's ataxia (FA) was investigated in Western Norway, an area comprising several isolated communities and with a population of 725,000 as at 1 January 1968. The prevalence of FA was estimated to be 1/100,000 in this population. An autosomal recessive mode of transmission appeared likely in all instances. The gene frequency was only 7-9.10 minus 5, but the consanguinity rate was high in the families observed. The mutation rate was relatively high at 1-6.10 minus 5. The clinical features displayed by the 10 examined patients agreed well with those observed by other investigators. Spinal and cerebellar ataxia dominated the clinical picture. In most cases signs of peripheral neuropathy were also observed. Epilepsy was seen in some cases, and also dementia. Unspecific neuropathy, defined according to a scoring system may represent disease manifestation in FA heterozygotes. PMID- 1126052 TI - Materno-fetal ABO incompatibility as a cause of spontaneous abortion. AB - In a series of 288 spontaneous abortions occurring during the first 16 weeks of gestation, simultaneous karyotyping and ABO blood grouping of 555 of the parents were carried out. In 74 of the 288 chromosome-analyzed abortuses, the ABO blood group of the fetus was determined by the immuno-fluorescence technique and the mixed cell agglutinating reaction in fetal tissue. The results of the blood grouping were compared with the ABO blood group frequencies of 8818 blood donors from the same area. Among abortuses with normal karyotype, a significantly higher frequency of ABO incompatibility was found between mother and fetus (p smaller than 0.005) and also between mother and father (P smaller than 0.01) in comparison with abortuses with abnormal karyotype. Furthermore, the ABO blood group frequencies of the karyotypically normal fetuses deviated significantly from those of fetuses with abnormal karyotypes (P smaller than 0.001). No significant difference was found when the total ABO frequencies of the abortuses and of their parents were compared with the frequencies in the control group. It is concluded that the ABO incompatibility between mother and fetus is likely to be a cause of early spontaneous abortions, but almost exclusively in chromosomally normal abortuses. In the present series of cases, the maximum fraction of abortions caused by materno-fetal ABO incompatibility is estimated to be 18%. PMID- 1126053 TI - Trisomy 9p in a patient with a de novo 9/15 translocation. AB - Mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, hypertelorism, antimongoloid eye slants, epicanthus, globular nose, malformed ears, bone abnormalities, one flexion crease on 5th finger, simian crease, and speech difficulties with delayed expressivity were found in a girl with trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 9. The 9p+ syndrome was due to a sporadic translocation of the short arm of chromosome 9 onto the short arm of chromosome 15. PMID- 1126054 TI - Focal dermal hypoplasia symdrome in a male. AB - Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome) is characterized by a pathognomonic abnormality of the skin in association with other congenital defects. There are only seven males among the 52 reported cases. We report the eighth case in a male and evaluate the possible genetic origin of the syndrome. A critical review of the literature provides no evidence for the previously accepted single gene mode of inheritance. PMID- 1126055 TI - Two cases of 8p trisomy in one sibship. AB - Two cases of 8p trisomy in one sibship are presented. The father was a balanced carrier of a translocation rcp (8;13) (p11; q34). Case 1 was a 2-year -old boy with multiple minor anomalies and severe mental retardation. Giemsa banding studies revealed that he was trisomic for the greater part of 8p (8p11 yields pter). When his mother became pregnant again, amniocentesis was carried out in the 17th week of gestation. The fetus (Case 2) was shown to have the same 8p trisomy as Case 1. The pregnancy was terminated in the 22nd week. An autopsy revealed no major anomalies. Clinical features of cases with 8 and 8p trisomy are reviewed briefly. PMID- 1126056 TI - Plasma concentration and urinary excretion of guanidine derivatives in normal subjects and patients with renal failure. AB - (1)Plasma and urinary levels of methylguanidine, guanidinosuccinic acid and guanidinoacetic acid were measured in normal subjects and in patients with renal failure. (2)Urinary excretion of methylguanidinosuccinic acid was increased in renal failure. Plasma guanidinosuccinic acid concentration was increased and was significantly correlated with the plasma urea concentration. The plasma concentration of methylguanidine was not consistently elevated probably because of an adaptive increase in renal tubular excretion. The excretion of guanidinoacetic acid was decreased in renal failure and plasma concentration remained low. (3) All three guanidines were removed by haemodialysis and their plasma concentrations, although not normal, were much lower in regularly dialysed subjects. (4) Guanidinosuccinic acid and methylguanidine appear to provide alternative pathways for the excretion of nitrogen in patients with renal failure. In advanced uraemia the plasma concentration of methylguanidine and guanidinosuccinic acid may reach levels which have been associated with toxic effects. However, their importance in relation to other uraemic toxins remains difficult to assess. PMID- 1126057 TI - Pressure-flow relationships in the peripheral circulation of the dog with practolol. AB - 1. The influence of practolol (a proposed beta1-adrenoreceptor antagonist) upon the pressure-flow relationships in the peripheral circulation was studied in eight anaesthetized dogs during right heart by-pass procedures. 2. Practool (1 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in the resistance to venous return which resulted in a significant fall in venous return. 3. There was no significant change in arterial resistance. 4. This study suggests that practolol should not be classified as an exclusive cardioselective beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist. PMID- 1126058 TI - Influence of calcium infusion on calcitonin and parathyroid hormone concentrations in normal and hemodialyzed subjects. AB - Plasma calcitonin and parathyroid hormone concentrations were compared before and after calcium infusion in both hemodialyzed patients and control subjects. Levels of both hormones were significantly higher in patients with chronic renal failure. In the uremic group, calcium infusion inhibited parathyroid hormone secretion but did not affect calcitonin. In the control group, calcium infusion stimulated calcitonin secretion but had no effect on parathyroid hormone. PMID- 1126059 TI - Plasma angiotensin II, renin, renin-substrate and aldosterone concentrations in acute renal failure in man. AB - Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II, renin, renin-substrate and aldosterone were measured in cases of acute renal failure. Angiotensin II, and renin levels were abnormally high on at least one occasion in nearly all patients. Mean angiotensin II and renin levels were highest in the first ten days of the disease. There was a highly significant positive correlation between concurrent estimations of renin and angiotensin II. Renin-substrate was also frequently elevated, but the correlations with renin and angiotensin II were not statistically significant. Despite the frequently marked elevation of plasma angiotensin II, only 2 of 17 measurements of plasma aldosterone were abnormally high. There was no significant relationship between aldosterone and plasma concentrations of angiotensin II, renin, sodium or potassium. The data are discussed in relation to current hypotheses implicating renin and angiotensin in the pathogenesis of acute circulatory renal failure. PMID- 1126060 TI - Histidines and renal function. AB - The results of endogenous renal clearances of 3-methylhistidine and histidine in twelve patients with normal and decreased renal functions are reported. Differences in the renal handling of the amino acids have been established. 3 methylhistidine showed a hyperbolic relationship between serum concentration and inulin clearance: histidine a linear relationship. The percentage tubular reabsorption of 3-methylhistidine was found to be about half that of histidine. The possible use of the measurement of serum 3-methylhistidine concentration as an index of renal insufficiency is discussed. PMID- 1126061 TI - The role of trochanteric osteotomy in total hip replacement. AB - In a study of 225 hip replacements, 126 had trochanteric osteotomy and 99 did not. Trochanteric osteotomy was found to be invaluable in approaching the difficult, previously operated hip. Even though 81 hips without trochanteric osteotomy had no complications directly related to the operative technique, 19 had significant operative problems. Hips with fixed flexion or external rotation contractures preoperatively presented technical difficulties and postoperative problems avoidable only by trochanteric osteotomy. Complications are encountered with and without osteotomy and various indications for osteotomizing the greater trochanter through a lateral approach to the hip are reviewed on the basis of experience with 184 patients with an average age of 61 years. PMID- 1126062 TI - Pugh nail fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures. A long term follow-up. AB - Of 695 intracapsular hip fractures with known end results, 80 per cent occurred in women whose average age was 71 years; of 101 consecutive undisplaced intracapsular fractures reported up to 1959, 81 were treated by internal fixation and 20 nonoperatively and all united but 11 per cent developed necrosis. From 1937 to 1959, displaced intracapsular fractures at St. Luke's Hospital were generally treated by closed reduction and Smith-Petersen nail fixation. From 1948 to 1952, 22 per cent of these fractures failed to unite, but from 1952 to 1959, 44 per cent failed to unite. Many of the failures were due to the Smith-Petersen nail backing out. These poor results inspired another device which might provide better fixation and prompted the use of the telescoping Pugh nail. From 1955 to 1971, the telescoping Pugh nail was used in 256 displaced intracapsular fractures with known end results. Ninety per cent united, and avascular necrosis was seen in 17 per cent of the united fractures. Since many of the patients with avascular necrosis has no pain, they were considered satisfactory results. Subtracting these 17 per cent of 256 patients with displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck may be evaluated as examples of satisfactory results with the Pugh nail. PMID- 1126063 TI - The use of wire mesh in total hip replacement surgery. AB - Metal mesh is helpful in relation to two complications of total hip replacement; namely, migration of the trochanter and fatigue fracture of the medial wall of the acetabulum. Mesh is applied over the greater trochanter in instances when the trochanter is excessively porotic and would crush as the wires are tightened. It is used to "recapture" the trochanter or trochanteric fragments if migration has occurred. The wires are then brought through the mesh and tied over the mesh, thus distributing the load widely across the porotic trochanter. The problem of a thin medial acetabular wall is dealt with by medially embedding a hemisphere of metal mesh in the methacrylate creating the effect of reinforced concrete. This increases the physical properties of the methacrylate and helps to distribute the load to the public, ischial and iliac portions of the socket. Potentially this approach will be useful in treating fatigue fractures of the medial acetabular wall after total hip replacement. Thirteen patients treated using chrome cobalt metal mesh in association with total hip replacement are presented. PMID- 1126064 TI - Further studies of monomer loss by evaporation during the preparation of acrylic cement for use in orthopaedic surgery. PMID- 1126065 TI - Shear strength of self-curing acrylic cement. AB - The average shearing strength of surgical Simplex P bone cement has been experimentally evaluated and found to be 5,762 plus or minus 180 psi. The average shearing strength for compact bone is about 10,000 psi. Therefore surgical Simplex P does not resist shear forces as well as compact bone and should not be used as a substitute for bone whenever possible. The inclusion of 10 per cent barium sulfate U.S.P. for radiographic purposes does not adversely affect the shear strength of the cement. This amount of barium is the same percentage by weight as that found in radiopaque Simplex P in clinical usage today. Varying the loading rate between 0.005 and 0.5 in/min slightly affected the magnitude of the shear force at failure. A comparison of the effect of short term curing times on the magnitude of the shear force at failure reveals that surgical Simplex P strengthens with time. The curing periods varied from 2 to 168 hours. PMID- 1126066 TI - Biomechanical considerations of multiple-component hip prostheses. Analysis of three failures of the Lippman transfixation hip prosthesis. AB - Three cases are presented and analyzed in which a Lippman Transfixion Hip Prosthesis had to be replaced because of the discomfort of the patient. In each case, there was evidence of wear between the head of the prosthesis and the flange. The different wear patterns indicated problems which exist in the alignment of component parts of the prosthesis. In each case there was low grade sepsis to which the debris may have contributed. Because of phagocytosis, amount of debris accumulation was difficult to evaluate. The factors which appear to have contributed to the amount of debris accumulation were: the length of time the prosthesis had been used; the degree of alignment and amount of debris which may be formed and is phagocytized; the degree of manufacturing control. The design of this prosthesis incorporated mechanical problems which are generally undesirable because of: the eventual deformation of the end of the pivot rod or hole in the head of the prosthesis: progressive loosening of the movement due to this and inherent malalignment; the difficulty in fabrication, assembly and installation of the prosthesis because of the multiplicity of parts; the difficulty in maintaining adequate control of surface finishes. PMID- 1126067 TI - Femoral neuropathy as a complication of heparin anticoagulation therapy. AB - Femoral nerve compression by retroperitoneal hematoma is an uncommon but significant complication of Heparin anticoagulation. The orthopedic surgeon today, utilizing anticoagulation more frequently than ever, must be ever mindful of the early warning signs and symptoms of this syndrome. PMID- 1126068 TI - Bone metastasis from carcinoma of the uterus. A case report. PMID- 1126069 TI - Congenital absence of lumbar articular facets. Report of two cases. AB - X-ray evidence of an absent lumbar facet is usually considered to be indicative of the presence of an osteolytic bone lesion but on rate occasions may be due to a congenital anomaly. Two cases of the congenital absence of a lumbar superior articular facet suggest that this anomaly is not symptom-producing, and in one case was discovered incidentally in a patient without back pain yet led to the performance of a major surgical diagnostic operation. While, rare, a greater awareness of this condition, as clearly defined in the literature on the subject, might occasionally eliminate the need for a similar surgical procedure. PMID- 1126070 TI - Fracture of the axis arch. "Hangman's fracture" of the cervical spine. AB - Fifteen patients with fracture of the axis arch ("Hangman's Fracture" of the cervical spine) reviewed with regard to the clinical features, mechanism of injury and management, present a relatively high rate of cord involvement (11 patients) and injuries around the jaw (5 patients). All of the injuries occurred in civilian accidents. The jaw injuries suggest the inclusion of an extension distraction force. Treatment was conservative in all patients, even in those with severe displacement. Union generally occurred in about 3 months. The only complaint in those patients with union in the displaced position, was limitation of lateral rotation of the head. PMID- 1126071 TI - Surgery of the shoulder in rheumatoid arthritis. A report of nineteen patients. AB - Surgery of the shoulder has been neglected in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Nineteen patients are reported to demonstrate that if conservative management fails, surgical treatment is indicated and worthwhile. PMID- 1126072 TI - A review of the Bristow operation for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation in athletes. AB - Twenty-four recurrent dislocating shoulders, in patients ranging from 15 to 26 years, were evaluated after surgical treatment using the Bristow procedure. The operative procedure is discussed in detail recommending the use of an A-O malleolar compression screw, because of ease in insertion, to fix the caroacoid process to the anterior scapular neck. The Bristow procedure as described is an effective operation for achieving shoulder stability while maintaining nearly a complete range of motion in most cases. There was one case of recurrent dislocation after surgery which is described in detail. Six of 24 shoulders demonstrated some loss of external rotation, with the maximum being only 10 degrees. Five of 9 patients had some difficulty in throwing when the dominant extremity was treated. This did not appear to be related to any possible decrease in external rotation. PMID- 1126073 TI - Report on compound dislocation of the elbow with entrapment of the brachial artery. AB - Entrapment of the brachial artery within a compound dislocated elbow joint seems not to have been reported previously. Brachial artery rupture is the usual vascular injury associated with a compound elbow dislocation. A review of the surgical literature suggests that wide spectrum of disability may follow interruption of brachial artery flow at the elbow. While most patients experience no immediate or late ischemic symptoms because of the rich collateral network about the elbow, intermittent claudication or gangrene of the hand is possible and has been well-documented in the literature. To assure adequate circulation to the hand and prevent potential complications, reanastomosis or venous graft replacement of the damaged arterial segment is recommended at the time of traumatic disruption of the brachial artery. PMID- 1126074 TI - Restoration of elbow flexion by a new operative technique. AB - In order to treat some of the awkward and unusual problems and to avoid some of the complications associated with paralytic elbows, the distal part of the flexor carpi ulnaris is detached and the muscle is freed up to its neurovascular bundle. The tendon is turned upon itself, its distal end is passed through a subcutaneous tunnel to the upper arm, and fixed to the humerus by staples. A posterior splint is applied for a period of 6 weeks followed by supervised graduated active elbow flexion exercises. PMID- 1126075 TI - Osteoid-osteoma of the radius. Report of a case. AB - This case is a report of a 9-year-old boy with an osteoid osteoma in the distal radius, an unusual location. The tumor was remarkably large in size, and pain unrelieved by aspirin. Osteoid-osteomatat have been described in just about every bone in the skeleton. Lower extremity involvement is more frequent than upper in all series and incidence is much higher in males than in females. Pain is the major complaint, both night and day. The response to aspirin is variable. The diseases is most frequently encountered in the second decade of life. PMID- 1126076 TI - The wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The wrist is the key joint of the upper extremity and is frequently seriously involved in rheumatoid arthritis. Surgery is often indicated to control the effects of the synovitis which often includes rupture of both flexor and extensor tendons. Early synovectomy is indicated. Tenosynovectomy, synovectomy, distal ulnar resection and transposition of the dorsal carpal ligament beneath the extensor tendons, has been effective in preventing rupture of the extensor tendons. The wrist also has an effect on ulnar drift of the fingers. Transfer of the extensor carpi radialis longus to the extensor carpi ulnaris is recommended in patients who do not have the ability to actively ulnar deviate the wrist. Wrist fusion has proven to be effective in patients with marked destruction, deformity or pain, or where there has been a rupture of both radial wrist extensors. PMID- 1126077 TI - Juvenile aponeurotic fibroma. Report of three cases and a review of the literature. AB - Three cases of a distinctive soft tissue fibrous tumor with spotty calcification demonstrate the lesion originally described by Keasby as Juvenile Aponeurotic Fibroma. The tumor tends to occur on the volar surface of the hands and feet in children and adolescents but may be seen in other areas in all age groups. Size rarely exceeds 3.0 cm. The tumors are fixed to the fascial layers. In previously reported patients pain was not described as an important factor, but both pain and tenderness were striking in all 3 of our cases. Microscopically the dominant feature is a fribrous stromal pattern of fusiform cells with inclusions of mast cells. Spotty calcification is a constant finding and appears to increase with duration of tumor. Local recurrence after excision and an aggressive histologic appearance may raise the question of malignancy. However, neither destruction of normal tissue surrounding the tumor nor metastases have occurred. Local exicision is the treatment of choice. PMID- 1126078 TI - Closed intramedullary nailing for ununited femoral shaft fractures. AB - Fifteen cases of ununited diaphyseal fractures of femurs were treated successfully by intramedullary reaming and closed Kuntscher nailing through the small gluteal incision. The equipment used is the same as for nailing fresh shaft fractures. The cases included 10 nonunions, 2 delayed unions and 3 miscellaneous problems. All but one case had been initially treated by open reduction with some form of internal skeletal fixation. Two cases had been treated by 2 open procedures befor the closed Kuntscher nailing. No supplemental bone graft or external immobilization was necessary. Two cases were nailed successfully in the presence of infection, resulting in solid union and no recurrence of infection. Five nails have been removed after union and no refracture has occurred. No important postoperative complication or instances of the fat embolism syndrome were encountered. No rotational deformity or further shortening of the femur occurred. Postoperatively, the patients ambulated with protected weight-bearing as early as possible. The average hospital stay was 15 days. In general, the patients had a functional extremity even while the fracture lines were still visible on roentgenographs; all have returned to their previous work. PMID- 1126079 TI - The cruciate ligaments of the knee joint. Anatomical, functional and experimental analysis. AB - The anatomical and functional details of the cruciate ligamants of the knee were studied on 20 cadaver knees and 24 fresh knees. Each anterior cruciate ligament was found to consist of 2 parts: a distinct anteromedial band (AMB) and a main posterolateral part. The exact geometry of the ligaments and their relationship to bony landmarks were recorded in detail. The state of the cruciate ligaments, i.e. tightness or looseness was recorded in the various positions of the knee as the basis for classification of the function of the various anatomical components. Selective cutting of the anterior cruciate ligament resulted in an increase of anterior drawer flexion and extension. External and internal rotation were increased in both flexion and extionsion. Hyperextension also was increased. It is suggested that the AMB of the anterior cruciate is responsible for the in anteroposterior drawer with flexion. The selective cutting of the posterior cruciate ligament demonstrated that it is important in the flexed knee and produces an.increased posterior drawer sign. Rotational stability was unchanged in extension, but altered in flexion after cutting the posterior cruciate. PMID- 1126080 TI - Pitfalls of proximal tibial osteotomy. AB - Proximal tibial osteotomy for degenerative genu varus and valgus has an excellent success rate with proper patient selection and technical proficiency. The following are some infrequently recognized pitfalls. Excessive bone loss prevents two plateau weight-bearing after osteotomy, introduces a "teeter effect," and is therefore a contraindication. Patellofemoral arthritis may produce symptoms, particularly on stair climbing and necessitate secondary surgery. Varus and planning indicates postoperative articular surface obliquity in excess of 10 to 15 degrees another type of reconstruction is indicated. Secure fixation, closing wedge osteotomy, and non-displacement of the d-stal fragment prevent loss of correction. Peroneal nerve palsy may be avoided by careful surgical technique and postoperative dressings. Cracking the apical cortex and visualization of the plateau fragment will usually prevent fracture. PMID- 1126081 TI - Tibial periosteal hemangioma. AB - A case report on periosteal hemangioma in the left tibia of an 11-year-old girl demonstrates roentgenographic thickening, sclerosis, and a smooth scalloping cortical depression in the bone. En block exicision of the defect, together with the markedly thickened periosteum, revealed a combination of cavernous and capillary bone hemangiomas. PMID- 1126082 TI - Isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from a knee wound. AB - This is a case report of a contamination of an injured knee with an unusual organism, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, that is likely to occur in patients living in coastal areas but often overlooked. The infection apppears to be sensitive to a number of antibiotics and very likely cured, whether recognized or not as the proper organism. PMID- 1126083 TI - Treatment of clubfoot by posterior capsulectomy. AB - Posterior capsulectomy is a complete excision of the posterior tibiotalar and talocalcaneal capsule with a release of the distal tibiofibular connection. The operation is proposed for a resistant or relapsed clubfoot, where remaining equinus is the major problem. A follow-up of 29 operations showed that the average talocalcaneal angle became normal in the AP and lateral views. The best results were obtained with long postoperative cast immobilization, i.e. 6 months. PMID- 1126084 TI - Shelf operation for congenital subluxation and dislocation of the hip. AB - One hundred forty-one shelf procedures were performed on 120 patients who had congenital hip dysplasia or dislocation. Long-term follow-up evaluation of hip function revealed that about three-fourths of the patients had satisfactory results. Although some children less than 10 years old may have benefited, this age group has the highest percentage of failures of shelf operation. The shelf procedure provides a buttress of bone for later reconstructive surgery such as cup or total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 1126085 TI - Wood, an organic foreign body of bone. A case report. AB - A case of an organic foreign body consisting of wood in bone is presented along with diagnosis and treatment. The unusual delay in noting the nature and extent of the injury was due to the radiolucence of the object and its lodging within the epiphyseal cartilage. PMID- 1126086 TI - Experimental studies on the effect of chymopapain on nerve root compression caused by intervertebral disk material. AB - Chymopapain degrades the nucleus pulposus portion of the intervertebral disk of rabbits. The degradation is not grossly visible until 15 days post-injection. Depolymerization of the chondromucoprotein and decreases in the ability of a disk to imbibe fluid, is, in effect, a "chemical decompression" of the nucleur pulposus. The enzyme must come into direct contact with the chondromucoprotein complex of the disk material, and to a significant extent also must reach the area of disk material adjacent to the herniated annulus. Rapid depolymerization of the chondromucoprotein complex on a biomechanical level, and "decompression" of disk material on a biomechanical level can be correlated with relief of pain in all types of disk herniation in human beings. A primary biochemical change in the disk material would lead to a secondary decrease in inflammation if the change led to a "decompression" of the chondromucoprotein. Since the primary effect of chymopapain is on the chondromucoprotein of the disk, beneficial results would not be expected if nerve root compression is due to bony impingement or scar tissue following previous surgery. Chymopapain did not seem to possess any anti-inflammatory properties when bone was used as an irritant under a nerve root. However, this was technically difficult to evaluate and the possibility that chymopapain may also interfere with a chemical mediator of pain or interfere directly with an inflammatory reaction secondary to root compression can not be excluded. PMID- 1126087 TI - Current trends in the treatment of the young adult with disabling hip disease. A survey. AB - The otherwise physically fit young adult with unilateral disabling hip disease poses a treatment dilemma for the orthopedic surgeon. In an effort to gain some insight into current treatment trends for this group ten eminent hip surgeons were each sent case histories and pertinent X-rays of two otherwise fit young adults with disabling unilateral hip disease. Their treatment suggestions are analyzed following a review of the possible alternatives. Two features of the survey stood out: 1) For both patients a significant number of respondents favored total hip replacement; 2) John Charnley, who has been at the forefront in the development of total hip arthroplasty recommended that both patients wait until the total hip problems of component loosening and excessive wear are solved, (he predicts these solutions will come within the next five years) and then undergo total replacement. Ironically then, at a time when there may be a trend toward performing total hip replacement in otherwise fit young people with disabling hip disease, one of the prime developers of total hip replacement is calling for a moratorium on this course of action until the problems of total hip pertinent to young people are solved. PMID- 1126088 TI - Comparison of the effects of steroid, aspirin and sodium salicylate on articular cartilage. AB - Rabbit knee joints were compressed to produce cartilage degeneration in control and test animals who received intramuscular injections of prednisolone and aspirin or sodium salicylate by gavage. After three weeks of compression, animals were sacrificed and articular cartilage was analyzed grossly and histologically. Gross and histological specimens from salicylate treated animals showed less while the steroid treated rabbits showed more degenerative change. These data suggest that salicylate inhibits cartilage destruction while steroids enhance it. PMID- 1126089 TI - Tissue gas tensions and oxygen consumption in healing bone defects. AB - A technique for measuring the gaseous environment during the reconstitution of a large bone defect is described. Extensive testing of this system over the past 10 years has demonstrated its validity in measuring the average extracellular tissue pO-2 and pCO-2. Histology of the tissue surrounding the tonometer was obtained and correlated with the gaseous measurements. New bone formation in the healing segmental bone defects has been shown to take place under hypoxic conditions. The oxygen consumption of the surrounding tissue was determined and correlated with the histology and tissue gas measurements. It was demonstrated that the oxygen consumption was not elevated during the period of new bone formation, reflecting a state of anaerobic metabolism. The hypoxic conditions persist until the vascularity increases to match the cellularity. Thephysiological role of oxygen in osseous repair is presented. The present technique as well as the previously published microelectrode technique have demonstrated bone formation in vivo can take place under hypoxic conditions but the mechanism is not known and requires further investigation. PMID- 1126090 TI - Osteoid osteoma of the hip in children. AB - In 31 children with osteoid osteoma lesions about the hip ranging in age from 2 to 16 years, there was an inordinate frequency of diagnostic delay with 16 patients having symptoms for more than 12 months. The clinical features were dominated by pain, limp, restricted hip motion and thigh atrophy. Twelve patients did not have classical night pain. Errors in diagnosis occurred in 22 instances. The roentgenographic appearance of most lesions consisted of a radiolucent central nidus encircled by sclerotic bone. Twenty-nine of the 31 patients were operated upon utilizing intra-operative roentgenograms and the nidus fully excised, with histological confirmation in 24 cases. All were relieved of preoperative symptoms. Two patients, who did not have surgical treatment, had pain for about one year and thereafter became pain free for 2 and 12 years. The sequelae observed at follow-up were meralgia paresthetica in 12 patients and mild asymptomatic leg length discrepancies in 7 patients. In view of these findings and since the process of apparent regression is slow and characterized by pain, blocked surgical excision of the lesion is the procedure of choice. PMID- 1126091 TI - Osteoarthritis of the hip. A survey of treatment. AB - Of 2,712 Board certified orthopedic surgeons selected from the directory of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1,683 (62.1%) responded to a mailed questionnaire concerning their preferred treatment for osteoarthritis of the hip in a specified active 53-year-old man. A Muller total hip arthroplasty was the most frequently performed operation in 1973; only 23 per cent of the respondents considered osteotomy the preferred treatment. PMID- 1126092 TI - Capital necrosis, metaphyseal cyst and subluxation in coxa plana. AB - Three specific elements associated with a poor prognosis in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, i.e., capital necrosis, metaphyseal cyst and subluxation, have been selected for study to determine the effect of each on the end result. A retrospective analysis was made of 337 children who received non-weight-bearing treatment. Half of the patients were treated in abduction splints, over a third with bed rest and traction and the remainder with a variety of routines including sling and crutches, wheelchair or bed rest alone. The group was treated as representing a common pool of therapy and was analyzed statistically in this overall manner. End results were graded by the Knud Mose method (concentric circle matching plus epiphyseal quotient determinations). Good and fair results were combined into an acceptable category while the poor results were considered unacceptable. Femoral capital necrosis was present either segmentally or totally. A classification was devised of three grades of partial epiphyseal involvement and one of total necrosis. The patients with total necorsis (Group IV) had a higher percentage of poor results than those with segmental involvement (Groups I, II and III). The lowest percentage of poor results correlated with the least involvement of the femoral head (Group III). Total head involvement occurred in the unacceptable group one and one half times as frequently as it did in the acceptable group. Metaphyseal cyst formation exhibited a close relationship to the fragmentation of the capital epiphysis. It is suggested that the metaphyseal lesion itself is part of the overall necrotic process and that the "cyst" is resorption associated with revascularization as healing is taking place. We noted twice the frequency of metaphyseal cysts in patients with poor results in comparison to that found in the acceptable group. Subluxation is defined as loss of acetabular centration of the femoral head due to upward and outward displacement. Increased distance between the medial margin of the metaphysis and the lateral limb of the "tear drop" figure is practically a universal finding on early roentgenograms and was not considered "subluxation" in this prognostic evluation. In the series under study there were three times as many subluxations in the poor result group as in the group with acceptable results. A prognostic profile revealing three of the above-listed features was associated with a poor result and should constitute an objective basis of evaluation of new forms of therapy. PMID- 1126093 TI - An improved technique for allogeneic hip joint implantations. AB - A new technique which has been developed for the allogeneic hip-joint transplantation to enable minutely accurate processing of donor and recipient femoral head, neck, and hip-joints is dependent upon the manual skill of the surgeon. The donor and recipient parts had to be made congruent by free hand fitting. Even the most experienced surgeon cannot produce perfect form congruity of the whole contact surface between donor and recipient parts. The foregoing article presents new instruments and the techniques for 0.5 mm precision fit. An ideal fit of donor and recipient parts represents an important prerequisite for successful allogeneic joint implantations and accounts for improvement in previous results from such operations. Obviously, the cell-devitalized cold conserved joints cannot produce optimum or permanent results, but can be implanted as an alternative to arthrosis in patients in vary young age groups. Further research on viable cartilage and bone in joint implantations await new advances in immunology and tissue typing. PMID- 1126094 TI - Anatomic restoration of congenital hip dysplasia in adulthood by total hip displacement. AB - Congenital dysplasia, treated or untreated, produces a hip joint difficult to reconstruct and is even more difficult when coxarthrosis supervenes producing significant disability. Total hip replacement can be dramatically successful in these patients, and equals those with coxarthrosis without congenital dislocation. The acetabulum must be totally reconstructed and relocated as near as possible to its original orientation. Usually a small straight stem femoral component must be placed into a generally constricted femoral canal. A thoughtful preoperative plan including X-ray templates is absolutely essential for a successful reconstruction without postoperative complications. PMID- 1126096 TI - Pediatrics as the care and feeding of (future) adults. PMID- 1126095 TI - Infections in total hips secondary to a primary source elsewhere. AB - This is a report of 3 cases in which a primary infection in a site other than a total hip led to infection in the hip itself. One hip infection appeared to arise in a tooth abscess, a second in the urinary tract, and one from the respiratory tract. All infections resulted in the necessity of removing the components of the total hip. It is suggested that patients who have had previous total hip replacement should be warned to consult their physician when the possibility of an infection is present, and that antibiotic coverage be given during this period of time. Cultures of infected sites should be made in patients who have had total hip replacements, in order that organisms and their sensitivity may be identified in the event that antibiotic therapy is needed, subsequently. PMID- 1126097 TI - Should pediatricians be concerned about children's cholesterol levels? The disadvantages outweigh the advantages except for children from high-risk families. PMID- 1126098 TI - Changes in levels of hemoglobin and hematocrits among children and youth registrants between 1968 and 1971. PMID- 1126099 TI - The magnesium load test: II. Correlation of clinical and laboratory data in neonates. AB - Parenteral magnesium load tests were conducted on 91 infants less than one month of age, most of whom had marked hyperirritability and symptoms compatible with the diagnosis of electrolyte imbalance with relative or absolute magnesium deficiency. Most of the patients studied had a 40-hour test, with an eight-hour preload and a 32-hour postload collection of urine. Of 43 premature infants studied, only three retained less than 40 per cent of the load: one was untreated, one had low retention of a second load following a course of therapy, and the mother of the third had received magnesium within 24 hours of delivery. Of 48 full-term infants studied, ten retained less than 40 per cent of the load. These were asymptomatic or had minor problems. Irritability was common in both high and low retention groups. Ten per cent of the low retention group and 50 per cent of the high retention group manifested two or more of the nonspecific signs compatible with the diagnosis of magnesium deficiency; the difference was significant (P smaller than 0.025). Eleven premature and six full-term infants with very high initial retention received five or six intramuscular injections of magnesium, after which the magnesium retention was about 30 per cent lower than the initial value. For most patients, repletion therapy was given orally. Although low plasma magnesium values related to high magnesium retention, correlation on an individual basis was poor. The plasma calcium levels of three patients with combined hypomagnesmia and hypocalcemia failed to respond to calcium therapy and remained low until the plasma magnesium value was corrected. Magnesium appeared to be specific therapy for symptomatic infants found to be deficient. More males than females had sufficient symptoms to warrant study. PMID- 1126100 TI - The magnesium load test: III. correlation of clinical and laboratory data in infants from one to six months of age. AB - A study of 64 infants from one to six months of age was made using the 32-hour parenteral magnesium load test. Most of the infants were studied for neuromuscular hyperirritability or other signs compatible with magnesium deficiency; some with unrelated problems served as controls. Magnesium retention below 40 per cent was found in 26 infants who presented with minor sign or signs that were otherwise explained, as by infection. Twelve who retained 72 per cent of the load were normal or small at birth, amply fed on demand, and grew at accelerated rates, increasing from the 50th to the 88th mean percentile by ten weeks, when they were "fat, hungry, jumpy babies," exemplifying the Mg deficiency syndrome of growth. Seven infants of 8.2 plus or minus 1 weeks had had one or more sudden, transient episodes that included: apnea, gasping, tonic or tonic clonic fits, and flaccidity, often with pallor, cyanosis, eye signs, sweating, or tearing. Despite preload Mg in two, the group retained 88 per cent of the load. Mg appeared to be specific therapy in high retention groups. The signs are nonspecific but resemble premonitory signs and the type of episode that may occur in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), suggesting a possible link between magnesium depletion and SIDS. PMID- 1126101 TI - Childhood and diet as related to atherosclerosis. Can the pediatrician help protect against adult coronary artery disease? PMID- 1126102 TI - Fatal overdose from Bendectin. AB - A three-year old male ingested approximately 100 tablets of Bendectin. He developed tonic-clonic seizures followed by cardiac arrest. Toxicologic analysis yielded high levels of doxylamine, dicyclomine, and pyridoxine in blood, peritoneal fluid, and tissue homogenates. The antihistamine, doxylamine succinate appears to be the toxic constituent. Analytical methods used to document the case are herein described. PMID- 1126103 TI - Is rubella still a childhood disease? PMID- 1126104 TI - Letter: Management of Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 1126105 TI - The characteristics and management of child abuse in the U.S. Army--Europe. PMID- 1126106 TI - Bronchiolitis obliterans. PMID- 1126107 TI - The pediatrician and the dying child. "Physician, know thyself". AB - To deal with problems aroused in professional medical staff working with fatally ill children, a team of psychiatrics and oncologists not only deals with the problems of the children and their families, but also with problems of the medical staff themselves. Psychotherapy to the medical staff is offered only indirectly. The overriding difficulty which prevents the medical staff from maintaining role-appearance behavior is dealing with the theme of death. Often this is the hidden agenda behind a facade of other presenting problems. At times, the medical staff may be unable to deal with their own anger when conforted by demanding patients or hostile parents. At other times, medical staff will overidentify with the patient resulting in inappropriate role behavior. When medical results are poor despite good medical care, staff may feel inappropriately guilty. These issues can be dealt with means of a weekly mental health conference with the focus on the patient. PMID- 1126108 TI - A proposed narcotic withdrawal score for use with newborn infants. A pragmatic evaluation of its efficacy. PMID- 1126109 TI - Dynamic/static brain scintigraphy in neonates. Importance of complementing the static brain scan by adding the cerebral angiogram. PMID- 1126110 TI - Plasma testosterone levels during chronic heroin use and protracted astinence. A study of Hong Kong addicts. AB - The effects of heroin use and subsequent prolonged abstinence on plasma testosterone levels were examined in 31 male heroin addicts. Heroin (alone and in combination with methadone) significantly suppressed plasma testosterone levels. However, drug-induced testosterone suppression does not appear to be permanent in adult addicts. Recovery of testosterone levels to normal occurred after about one month of heroin abstinence. PMID- 1126111 TI - Respiratory effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. AB - The respiratory effects of smoked marijuana and oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9THC) have been studied in healthy males by assessing displacement of the respiratory response curve. Both cause slight respiratory depression, in some subjects it stimulates respiration. High doses of pentobarbital depress respiration but low doses apparently do not. PMID- 1126112 TI - Effect of smoking marihuana and of a high-nicotine cigarette on angina pectoris. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of smoking marihuana and of high-nicotine cigarettes on exercise-induced angina pectoris. Smoking 1 marihuana cigarette increased the resting product of systolic blood pressure times heart rate 54%, increased the venous carboxyhemoglobin level, and decreased the exercise time until angina 50% in 10 patients with angina pectoris. Smoking 1 high-nicotine cigarette increased the resting product of systolic blood pressure times heart rate 36%, increased the venous carboxyhemoglobin level, and decreased the exercise time until angina 23%. Smoking either marihuana or high-nicotine cigarettes decreases exercise performance until angina by increasing myocardial oxygen demand and by decreasing myocardial oxygen delivery. Smoking 1 marihuana cigarette decreased the exercise time until angina more than smoking 1 high nicotine cigarette (p less than 0.001). PMID- 1126113 TI - First-pass metabolism of imipramine in man. AB - The systemic availability of orally administered imipramine (IP) varied from 29 to 77% in 4 subjects. The decrease in availability was due to an excess in metabolism after oral administration. This first-pass metabolism did not correlate with plasma half-life, apparent clearance, or the rate of metabolite excretion in urine. There was close correlation with the excess in formation of demethylated metabolites after oral administration, which suggests that the first pass metabolism is mediated by demethylation, but does not correlate to the total rate of demethylation. PMID- 1126114 TI - Placental transfer to diazepam and its disposition in the newborn. AB - Diazepam (DZ) placental transfer in pregnant women at term, following single or repeated drug administration by various routes, was evaluated. DZ and its metabolite N-demethyldiazepam (NDZ) were constantly present in umbilical cord plasma at concentrations comparable to the mother's shortly after drug administration. N-methyloxazepam (MOX) was detected in cord plasma only in a limited number of cases following chronic DZ treatment. Postmortem analysis of fetal tissue concentrations showed accumulation of NDZ in heart and lungs. Differences in NDZ concentrations between venous cord (VC) and arterial cord (AC) plasms suggest metabolic degradation of DZ in the fetus. The DZ apparent plasma half-life in the newborn was found to be longer (31 plus or minus 2 hr) than previously observed in infants and children. The low drug clearance appears to be linked to reduced urinary excretion of hydroxylated metabolites, suggesting limited capability to dispose of DZ in the newborn. PMID- 1126115 TI - Pharmacodynamics of minoxidil as a guide for individualizing dosage regimens in hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive effect of minoxidil was studied in 6 patients with varying degrees of hypertension. Their baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP bi) ranged from 122 to 197 mm Hg. Single oral doses between 2.5 and 25 mg were administered in sequence and the time-course of hypotensive action was followed. We have reported previously that when the peak lowering of MAP is linearly regressed against log dose, both the dose-response slope (M) and threshold dose (Dt) are positively correlated with the MAP bi of individual patients. This investigation focuses on the temporal pattern of effect. It was found that the hypotensive effect of minoxidil declined linearly with time at a rate consistent with an average effective biologic half-life of about one day. The rate of decline of effect was apparently independent of dose but was dependent on MAP bi. Since both response to and duration of effect of minoxidil are functions of MAP bi, there is an abvious need to individualize dosage regimens based on the severity of disease. Using pharmacodynamic parameters, guidelines for loading dose, maintenance dose, and dosing frequency as a function of the degree of hypertension are suggested. Loading dose requirements were found to increase with MAP bi while maintenance doses were largely independent of the severity of the disease. Frequently of dosing was found to range from 3 times a day in very severe hypertension to once a day in moderate hypertension. PMID- 1126116 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of tolmetin in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the new anti-inflammatory agent tolmetin have been studied after its oral administration to normal subjects and to patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Plasma concentration-time data were fitted to a one compartment open model. Following single oral doses, no basic differences in rates of drug absorption and elimination were found between normal subjects and arthritic patients. For the 12 subjects studied, the overall mean elimination rate constant was 0.839 hr-1, corresponding to a plasma half-life of 0.83 hr. The drug was rapidly absorbed and had a mean apparent volume of distribution of 0.098 l/kg. Plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters of tolmetin in arthritic patients after multiple dosing were smaller to those after a single dose. PMID- 1126117 TI - Hemodialysis in an infant with propoxyphene intoxication. PMID- 1126118 TI - Correlation of peak aortic and carotid flow acceleration during coronary occlusion in conscious baboons. AB - 1. Peak blood flow acceleration measured in the common carotid artery was compared with peak flow acceleration measured in the ascending aorta of three baboons. 2. The response to occlusion for 60s of the circumflex branch or the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was investigated. 3. Both accelerations decreased approximately to the same extent. Peak aortic flow velocity, stroke volume and cardiac output also decreased but to a smaller extent. 4. It is concluded that peak aortic flow acceleration is a sensitive index of myocardial function during acute coronary occlusion in conscious primates and that peak carotid flow acceleration is an indirect measure of myocardial performance under the same conditions. PMID- 1126119 TI - Triglyceride, free fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism in hyperlipaemic (type IV) and normolipaemic subjects on carbohydrate- of fat-rich diets. AB - 1. Five patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV and five normolipaemic controls were maintained on diets containing either a fat or a carbohydrate content of approximately 60%. Leg exchanges of triglycerides, free fatty acid (NEFA), glucose and other metabolites were measured in the basal state. The metabolic response to an intravenous glucose load and the turnover of intravenously infused (14C)oleic acid were determined. Individual fatty acids were analysed in plasma NEFA and very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride. 2. No differences were detected between patients and controls with regard to leg uptake of triglyceride or NEFA on either diet. On shifting from a fat-rich to a carbohydrate-rich diet, the control subjects showed reduced values for arterial NEFA and for NEFA turnover, accompanied by a lowered release of NEFA and glycerol from the leg. In patients, on the other hand, the arterial concentration and turnover of NEFA remained unchanged and the release of glycerol from the leg increased. Glucose administration gave a less-pronounced fall of arterial NEFA on either diet in the patients and the incorporation of (14C)oleic acid into triglycerides after glucose administration was more marked than in the controls. 3. No difference in net uptake of triglyceride by the leg was demonstrable between patients and controls. 4. it is concluded that hyperlipaemic patients show an altered metabolic response to a carbohydrate-rich diet, possibly contributing to the development of a hyperlipaemic state, and that acute glucose loading results in a greater incorporation of circulating NEFA into very-low density lipoproteins in these patients. PMID- 1126120 TI - Assessment of urine-concentrating ability in man: effect of fludrocortisone and urea in enhancing response to vasopressin. AB - 1. Healthy subjects, given a long-acting preparation of vasopressin intramuscularly, excreted a significantly less concentrated urine than when subjected to fluid deprivation for 28 h. 2. When fludrocortisone, a potent mineralocorticoid, was given in addition to vasopressin the urine was not significantly less concentrated than after fluid deprivation. 3. Oral urea loading also enhanced the urine-concentrating power of vasopressin but its effect was less marked than that of fludrocortisone. Oral urea did not increase further the urine concentration achieved by combined fludrocortisone and vasopressin. 4. Renal concentrating power was assessed in fourteen patients with renal disease and impaired concentrating ability. Fludrocortisone significantly enhanced the urine concentration achieved by vasopressin alone and the resultant urine was not significantly less concentrated than that achieved by fluid deprivation. 5. The action of fludrocortisone in enhancing the urine-concentrating effect of vasopressin is similar to that of aldosterone and is probably due to the increased sequestration of solute in the renal medulla, caused by increased reabsorption of sodium chloride in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. 6. In the clinical assessment of renal concentrating power, the combined use of fludrocortisone and vasopressin has potential advantages over established methods. PMID- 1126121 TI - Human platelet monoamine oxidase activity in iron-deficiency anaemia. AB - 1. The activity of monoamine oxidase, when assayed with four substrates, was significantly lowered in platelets prepared from the blood of patients with iron deficiency anaemia. 2. Treatment with oral iron preparations restored platelet monoamine oxidase activity to normal in those patients whose serum iron concentrations also returned to normal. 3. Platelet monoamine oxidase activity remained low if treatment failed to restore serum iron concentration to within normal limits. PMID- 1126122 TI - The selective inhibition of chenodeoxycholate synthesis by cholate metabolites in man. AB - 1. Seven normal volunteers took 0-28--0-42 mmol (100--150 mg) of deoxycholate by mouth. This resulted in a reduced proportion of chenodeoxycholate in bile and an increased proportion of deoxycholate. Cholate was unchanged. 2. Cholate and chenodeoxycholate pools and rats of synthesis were determined in four of the subjects by simultaneously labelling each pool with 14C-labelled bile acids. The chenodeoxycholate pool and rate of synthesis decreased after deoxycholate administration. Cholate synthesis and pool size did not change appreciably. 3. The proportion of deoxycholate in bile samples of sixty-two subjects with intact enterohepatic circulation was found to be inversely related to the proportion of chenodeoxycholate in bile, but not to the cholate. 4. It is suggested that inhibition of chenodeoxycholate synthesis by deoxycholate, the principal bacterial product of cholate, regulates the size of the chenodeoxycholate pool independently of the total amount of bile salt. PMID- 1126123 TI - The effect of age on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in rat adipose tissue. AB - 1. Rats of four different age groups were injected intraperitoneally with labelled thymidine and killed 1, 7 or 12 days later. 2. The epididymal fat-pads were separated into fat-cells and stromal elements by collagenase digestion. 3. The incorporation of labelled thymidine into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of both fractions was greatest in the 6-week-old animals. Uptake was significantly decreased in 12- and 15-week-old animals and was lowest in 22-week-old rats. PMID- 1126124 TI - Role of saline consumption in the prevention of deoxycorticosterone hypertension in rats by central 6-hydroxydopamine. AB - 1. The mechanism by which pretreatment of rats with intracisternal 6 hydroxydopamine prevents the onset of deoxycorticosterone hypertension has been studied. 2. Rats pretreated with central 6-hydroxydopamine increase their consumption of 0-17 mol/l sodium chloride--0-03 mol/l potassium chloride ('saline') less than normal rats when implanted with deoxycorticosterone. 3. Intact rats restricted to the equivalent consumption of saline of rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine develop hypertension despite this restriction. 4. It is suggested that the prevention of deoxycorticosterone hypertension by central 6 hydroxydopamine does not depend on reduced saline consumption. PMID- 1126125 TI - Postural fluid retention in patients with idiopathic oedema: lack of relationship to the phase of the menstrual cycle. AB - 1. Water and electrolyte excretion was measured in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in seven patients with idiopathic oedema and in four post-menopausal patients with this condition. 2. In contrast to previous findings in healthy women, the reduction in urinary flow and sodium excretion on being tilted to the upright position was not significantly different in the follicular and luteal phases in pre-menopausal patients and there were no significant differences between pre- and post-menopausal patients. 3. The percentage increase in packed cell volume on standing was significantly greater in patients with idiopathic oedema than in normal subjects in the luteal phase of the menstrual cylcle. 4. It is postulated that the enhanced retention of electrolytes and water in response to tilting in patients with idiopathic oedema is a compensatory mechanism for the decreased effective blood volume at that time. PMID- 1126126 TI - Isolation, characterization and function of cord-blood transferrin. AB - 1. Transferrin was isolated from umbilical cord blood by means of gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and its properties were compared with those of transferrin isolated from human adult blood. 2. Both glycoproteins were able to bind a maximum of two atoms of iron per molecule and have very similar amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. 3. The molecular weight of cord-blood transferrin, assessed by equilibrium centrifugation, was 78200, and its sedimentation velocity appeared to be 5-2S. 4. Cord-blood transferrin and adult blood transferrin were found to be immunochemically identical. 5. No differences could be detected between the transferrins in their capacities to deliver iron to immature erythrocytes derived from rat bone marrow, which indicates that the rapid transport of iron across the placenta cannot be explained by differences between foetal and maternal transferrin. PMID- 1126127 TI - Factors affecting the metabolic production of methylguanidine. AB - 1. Methylguanidine administered orally to normal volunteers was almost completely recovered in the urine, indicating that it is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and is not converted into other compounds. In normal persons at least, its urinary output therefore corresponds to its metabolic production rate plus the amount ingested. 2. In normal persons, diets based on foods not containing methylguanidine (e.g. vegetarian, protein-free and milk-egg) caused a fall in the urinary output of methylguanidine as compared with the output of the same subjects on a free diet. Conversely, higher amounts of methylguanidine were excreted on a diet rich in broth and in boiled beef, which contain large amounts of methylguanidine formed from the oxidation of creatinine, caused by boiling. 3. Oral administration of creatinine to normal volunteers induced an immediate and marked increase in urinary excretion of methylguanidine, and the ingestion of [methyl-14-C]creatinine by uraemic patients was followed by the urinary excretion of labelled methylguanidine. These findings indicate that creatinine is partly converted into methylguanidine in both normal and uraemic subjects and accounts for the high metabolic production of methylguanidine in patients with renal failure, in whom the body pool of creatinine is high. 4. Creatinine, incubated at 38 degrees C for 24 h in Krebs bicarbonate solution (pH 7-38) through which was bubbled oxygen with 15% carbon dioxide, was partially oxidized to methylguanidine. This raises the possibility that even in vivo such a conversion may occur "non-enzymatically". PMID- 1126128 TI - A comparison of the effects of incubation on cells containing haemoglobin S or haemoglobin A. AB - 1. A centrifugal packing technique has been used to investigate the effect of incubation on the flexibility of erythrocytes containing normal (Hb A) or sickle cell (Hb S) haemoglobin. The effects on cell morphology and on the reversibility of morphological changes were also investigated. 2. The two types of cell reacted similarly to incubation. Sickling of the Hb-S was shown not to be responsible for the production of irreversibly deformed cells in these circumstances. 3. It is concluded that for both cell types the membrane inflexibility, cellular deformation and morphological irreversibility induced by the incubation were due to metabolic depletion. PMID- 1126129 TI - Protein synthetic activity of membrane-bound and free ribosomes from parathyroid glands of dogs. AB - 1. Membrane-bound and free polyribosomes were isolated from parathyroid glands of normal dogs by a discontinuous density-gradient technique. 2. The conditions necessary for optimum incorporation by bound and free ribosomes of [3-H] phenylalanine into protein were determined for assays in vitro directed by both endogenous messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and polyuridylic acid [poly(U)]. 3. When the specific cofactors were available in optimum amounts, the rate of incorporation of amino acids into protein was directly proportional to the number of ribosomes present. This applied to assays directed by endogenous mRNA and poly (U). 4. The results indicate that it is possible to isolate and directly study the protein synthetic activity of membrane-bound and free parathyroid ribosomes. PMID- 1126130 TI - Efficiency of utilization of urea nitrogen for albumin synthesis by chronically uraemic and normal man. AB - 1. The relation between endogenous urea metabolism and albumin synthesis has been studied in ten patients with chronic renal failure and in four normal subjects, after single intravenous injections of [14-C]urea,[15-N]urea and 125-I-labelled albumin. 2. The rate of urea synthesis was determined from the dynamics of plasma [14-C]urea specific radioactivity and the rate of urea metabolism was estimated from the relative rates of urea synthesis and urea appearance in urine and body water. Deconvolution analysis of plasma [15N]albumin enrichmevt and 125-i labelled albumin radioactivity yielded the cumulative incorporation of 15-N into total exchangeable albumin and enabled calculation of the absolute rate of urema nitrogen utilization for albumin synthesis. 3. Although the mean absolute rate of urea degradation in uraemic patients (3-7 mmol/h) was higher than in normal subjects (2-3 mmol/h) there was no significant positive correlation between urea degradation and plasma urea concentration. 4. In uraemic subjects, there was a significant positive correlation between urea synthetic rate and urea degration rate. 5. The rate of utilization of urea nitrogen for albumin synthesis was low, but was very much higher in uraemic subjects (mean 83-8 mumol/h) compared with normal subjects (mean 6-4 mumol/h), as was the provision by urea of the nitrogen required for albumin synthesis in uraemic subjects (2-37%) compared with normal subjects (0-13%). 6. The efficiency of utilization of urea nitrogen for albumin synthesis was higher in the uraemic patients (1-3%) than the normal subjects (0 2%), and was higher in those patients with chronic renal failure who received a 30 g protein diet than those on 70 g of protein. A significant negative correlation was noted between efficiency of urea nitrogen utilization and the rate of synthesis of albumin. 7. These studies suggest the presence of a mechanism for the conservation of urea nitrogen in chronic renal failure which is unrelated to the extent of urea degradation, and which can only be partly explained by the higher proportion of intraluminal gut nitrogen derived from urea. PMID- 1126131 TI - The relationship of body fat content to deep muscle temperature and isometric endurance in man. AB - 1. The relationship between body fat content, isometric endurance and deep muscle temperature was assessed in eight male and female volunteers trained to static effort. 2. Muscle temperature, measured in the belly of the brachioradialis muscle, was found to be directly related to the subject's body fat content. 3. Associated with a reduction in body fat content, there was a marked decrease in deep muscle temperature and an increase in isometric endurance of the hand-grip muscles; no change in strength was noted. 4. Conversely, an increase in body fat content resulted in an increase in deep muscle temperature and a decrease in isometric endurance. 5. When muscle temperature was stabilized before and after weight loss by immersing the forearm in water at 37 degrees C, a reduction in body fat no longer influenced endurance. 6. It was concluded that the change in isometric endurance associated with either loss or gain of weight can be accounted for entirely by the changes in muscle temperature. PMID- 1126132 TI - Effect of immunization against angiotensin II on blood pressure and on plasma aldosterone in the rabbit. AB - 1. Rabbits were actively immunized aganist angiotensin II (AII). 2. Basal plasma aldosterone concentration was 0-058 plus or minus 0-027 pmol/ml (20-7 plus or minus 9-6 pg/ml) (mean plus or minus SD) in immunized and 0-056 plus or minus 0 021 pmol/ml (20-2 plus or minus 7-5 pe. When the endogenous formation of AII was stimulated by frusemide, by haemorrhage or by feeding with low sodium diet, a significant increase of plasma aldosterone was observed with no difference between immunized and non-immunized animals. 3. In non-immune rabbits, the average mean arterial blood pressure rose 13 mmgHg during the infusion of AII (5 pmol min--1 kg-1) and 27 mmHg during the infusion of 50 pmol min-1 kg-1. In contrast, there was no clear increase in blood pressure in the immunized animals. The blood pressure rose in immune animals (15 mmHg) and in non-immune animals (36 mmHg) during the infusion of 200 pmol min-1 kg-1 ALL. Plasma aldosterone rose in all animals in response to each of the three infusions with no significant difference between the two groups. 4. It is concluded that the immunization against ALL blocked only the pressor effect of the peptide but had no clear influence on the response of plasma aldosterone to increased ALL. Differences between the affinities of the adrenal and vascular AII receptors may explain these findings. PMID- 1126133 TI - Effects of inhaled prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2alpha on the airway resistance of healthy and asthmatic man. AB - 1. Changes in specific airway conductance after the inhalation of aerosols of prostaglandins (PG) E1, E2, and F2alpha were investigated in healthy and asthmatic subjects. 2. Inhalation of 155 nmol (55 mug) of PGE1 or 156 nmol (55 mug) of PGF2 resulted in consistent minor bronchodilatation in healthy subjects, but in asthmatic patients airway conductance increased significantly, along with subjective improvement. Isoprenaline (988 nmol; 550 mug) inhalation resulted in a similar increase in conductance to that obtained after these two prostaglandins, whereas a control aerosol had no effect. In contrast to the isoprenaline aerosol, both PGE1 and PGF2 were highly irritant to inhale. It was concluded that this made them unsuitable for therapeutic use. 3. Prostaglandin F2alpha inhalation resulted in a dose-related bronchoconstriction in healthy and asthmatic subjects. Asthmatics were approximately 150 than were the healthy subjects but there was very wide and significant variantion in the sensitivity of the asthmatic subjects. In contrast the asthmatic subjects were only 8-5 times more sensitive to histamine than the healthy subjects with less variation in response of individual subjects. The reasons for the hyper-reactivity of asthmatic subjects to PGF2alpha is unknown and no correlation could be drawn between increased sensitivity and age, type of asthma, or treatment. 4. The effects of disodium cromoglycate, flufenamic acid, atropine methonitrate, PGF2 and isoprenaline on PGF2alpha-induced bronchoconstriction were investigated in healthy subjects. Prostaglandin E2 reversed PGF2alpha-induced bronchoconstriction, as did isoprenaline, but prior treatment with the other drugs had no effect in preventing bronchoconstriction. PMID- 1126134 TI - Total body potassium and body fat estimation in relationship to height, sex, age, malnutrition and obesity. AB - 1. Total body potassium was estimated by 40-K measurement with a high-sensitivity whole body counter in normal individuals over a wide age range and in patients who were obese or were grossly wasted as a result of various conditions which restricted food intake. 2. Potassal males and females, but when individuals of different age groups were matched for height, a significant fall in total body potassium with increasing age was observed only in males. Total body potassium of females was about 75% that of males of similar height when young, the sex difference decreasing with ageing. In the normal population, total body potassium was significantly correlated with height and with weight; regression equations for various relationships are given. 3. Fat-free mass was estimated from total body potassium, values of 65 and 56 mmol of potassium/kg fat-free mass being used for males and females respectively. Body fat estimated by this method correlated well with skinfold measurements over a wide range of body weight but in malnourished individuals having inadequate food intake there was considerable fat free mass from total body potassium appear unsatisfactory in malnutrition. Considerable differences between expected and observed values of total body potassium were found in muscular individuals and in normal individuals who were thin but whose body weight was relatively constant. 4. The patients with malnutrition were low both in body fat as estimated by skinfold thcikness and in total body potassium estimated on the basis of height. Plasma potassium was, however, normal and potassium supplements did not increase the total body potassium. 5. Total body potassium of obese individuals was not significantly different from that of normal weight individuals on the basis of height. Total body potassium fell on weight reduction with a very low energy diet of 1260 kJ (300 kcal.) daily but changed little with a 3300 kJ (800 KCAY POTASSIUM WAS BEST PREDICTED FROM THE INDIVIDUAL'S HEIGHT. For those whose body weight was less than expected, the use of weight gave the best prediction but the error was considerable when the weight deviation was large. PMID- 1126135 TI - Oestrogen hypertension in rats. AB - 1. A large dose of oestrogen elevated the blood pressure in male Westar rats. 2. Plasma renin substrate and renin activity increased significantly but plasma renin concentration was unchanged. 3. The increase in blood pressure induced by oestrogen was significantly reduced by salt loading, plasma renin concentration was suppressed and the increase in plasma renin activity was reduced. 4. The increase in plasma renin activity induced by the increase of plasma renin substrate concentration may play a role in oestrogen-induced elevation of blood pressure. PMID- 1126136 TI - Effect of parathyroid extract on renin release in the dog. AB - 1. A rapid increase in plasma renin activity occurred in dogs after intravenous administration of parathyroid extract. 2. This was not seen after injection of a purer parathormone preparation, or the solution used to dilute the parathyroid extract or calcitonin. 3. A vasoactive compound in parathyroid extract appears to provide the most likely explantation of this effect. PMID- 1126137 TI - [Hypercorticism]. PMID- 1126138 TI - [Clinical and experimental results of treatment with amiodarone in coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 1126139 TI - [Association of proteolytic enzymes with a new synthetic diurectic. III. Toxicological research]. PMID- 1126140 TI - [Lymphocytopenia caused by cobalt teletherapy in patients with neoplasms]. PMID- 1126141 TI - [Beclomethasone spray in the therapy of re-acutized chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 1126142 TI - [On a new trial therapy of progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 1126143 TI - [On artificial pneumopericardium]. PMID- 1126144 TI - Obesity. PMID- 1126145 TI - Fibre-depleted carbohydrates and disease. PMID- 1126146 TI - Nutrition, growth, and ageing. PMID- 1126147 TI - The work of nutritionists (dietitians) in community health centres. PMID- 1126148 TI - Use of card system in community control of tuberculosis. PMID- 1126149 TI - News of the institute. PMID- 1126150 TI - Modern diseases and their control. Infectious. PMID- 1126151 TI - Modern diseases and their control. Cornary heart disease: the case for prevention. PMID- 1126152 TI - The role of radiation therapy in bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 1126153 TI - Villous adenomas and malignant villous tumors of the duodenum. Case report and review of literature. PMID- 1126154 TI - Emergency department testing of skull fracture patients: minimum standards and physician's performance. PMID- 1126155 TI - The President's page. PMID- 1126156 TI - Reflections from the Dean's Office. PMID- 1126157 TI - Editorial: Lung cancer--1975. PMID- 1126158 TI - Editorial: Echocardiography. PMID- 1126159 TI - An American look at British medicine. PMID- 1126160 TI - The case for treating hypertension and the Connecticut High Blood Pressure Program. PMID- 1126161 TI - The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974: summary and a brief comment. PMID- 1126162 TI - Human-semen banking: implications for medicine and society. PMID- 1126163 TI - Modern age cannibalism: organ transplants via the oral route? PMID- 1126164 TI - Support of biomedical research--1974. PMID- 1126165 TI - Legal aspects of cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 1126166 TI - Fibrous osteodystrophy with facial hyperostosis in a dog with renal cortical hypoplasia. AB - A five-month-old Great Dane had abnormally small kidneys with narrow cortices and a reduced total number of glomeruli. In the renal cortex, subcapsular nests of primitive structures were associated with radiating streaks of fibrosis and were interpreted to be the result of interference with terminal development. The animal had secondary parathyroid hyperplasia and generalized fibrous osteodystrophy. The most severe skeletal lesions were present in the face and jaws where exuberant proliferation of fibrodystrophic bone had caused boney enlargement with focal hemorrhage and brown node formation. PMID- 1126167 TI - Sphaerophorus necrophorus: laboratory model for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in mice. AB - Severe necro-purulent lesions were induced in mice following parenteral inoculation of Sphaerophorus necrophorus. Gross and histological changes observed in the lung, liver, and foot pad of infected mice were similar to those occurring naturally in cattle. The lesions could be prevented, cured or significantly reduced by the administration of chemotherapeutic agents such as sulfonamides, potentiated sulfonamide and antibiotics. The application of this novel laboratory model infection in the primary evaluation of potential antibacterial agents is discussed. PMID- 1126168 TI - Astrocytoma in a dog causing convulsions. AB - An adult, male, 7 Kg. dog was presented because of a convulsion. This progressed and interictal signs became apparent. A slight left spastic hemiparesis was present with a normal gait and posture. A partial left visual deficit with intact pupillary reflexes became evident. All signs were referable to a right cerebral lesion. Necropsy revealed an astrocytoma in the right cerebrum compressing the internal capsule and optic tract. PMID- 1126169 TI - Duration of Brucella ovis infection in ewes. AB - Twenty Romney Marsh ewes, some 5 to 40 days pregnant, were inoculated with a strain of Brucella ovis onto the scarified mucous membrane of the vagina. Establish of infection was ascertained by recovery of the organisms from blood; supramammary and inguinal lymph nodes; the vagina, after initial disappearance of the organism from this organ; and the complement fixation tests. The bacteremia was transitory or intermittent, but organisms could not be recovered from blood, or any other tissue examined, after 98 days of infection. Abortions or placentitis were not observed. It is recommended that in countries where sheep breeding is aseasonal a sexual rest of infected ewes for at least 4 months must be part of any program for the control and eradication of ram epididymitis. PMID- 1126170 TI - Leiomyoma of the tunica vaginalis in a dog. AB - A benign neoplasm of smooth muscle origin was found in the tunica vaginalis testis of a 13-year-old male Miniature Poodle. The leiomyoma had caused hydrocele and atrophy of the corresponding testis. It consisted of bundles of interwoven smooth muscle cells with elongated nuclei and areas of hyalinization. PMID- 1126171 TI - Neurofibrillary accumulation in a puppy. AB - A diffuse neuronal intracytoplasmic accumulation of a fibrillar material is described in a 12-week-old puppy with signs of progressive neurologic disease. Electron microscopic examination revealed fibrils about 120A in diameter aggregated in the perikaryon and processes of neurons primarily in the brain stem. PMID- 1126172 TI - Letter to the editor: Dirofilaria immitis survey in New York State. PMID- 1126173 TI - Interdisciplinary medicine: accommodation or integration? PMID- 1126174 TI - Pancuronium bromide and tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 1126175 TI - Speaking cuffed tracheostomy tube. PMID- 1126176 TI - A data collection system for intensive care. PMID- 1126177 TI - A serum enzyme test to detect pulmonary capillary injury. AB - Lung converting enzyme (LCE) was extracted from normal human lung obtained at autopsy. The specificity of the enzyme preparation was confirmed in vitro by incubation with Angiotensin I (AI) and paper chromatographic identification of reaction products. A method was developed for assay of the enzyme preparation in human serum using tritiated Angiotensin I (H-3A-I) as substrate. Enzyme activity is quantitated by scintillation counting the radioactive end product tritiated dipeptide histadylleucine (H-3His-leu). Serum from the authors and pooled serum from the hospital laboratory caused less than 3.5% conversion of H-3A-I to H-3His leu. Serum from two patients with severe lung damage caused a maximum 20% conversion of H-3A-I to H-3His-leu. Percent conversion in these patients correlated with clinical and laboratory evidence of lung dysfunction. PMID- 1126178 TI - Cardiac function determined by echocardiogram. AB - Echocardiographic analysis with a strip recorder gives an accurate assessment of cardiac function, easily obtainable at the bedside of the critically ill. Ejection fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf) are the two most accurate measurements of cardiac function. The diameter of the minor axis of the left ventricle is measured in systole (Ds) and diastole (Dd). Systolic volume is (Ds)-3, diastolic volume is (Dd)-3, ejection fraction is (Dd) 3-(Ds)-3 divided by (Dd)-3, Vcf is Dd-Ds divided by Dd times LVET. PMID- 1126179 TI - Ultrastructural appearance of freeze-substituted lymphocytes frozen by interrupting rapid cooling with a period at--26 degrees C. PMID- 1126180 TI - Studies on membranes in plant cells resistant to extreme freezing. I. Augmentation of phospholipids and membrane substance without changes in unsaturation of fatty acids during hardening of black locust bark. PMID- 1126181 TI - Analysis of freezing temperature distribution in plants. PMID- 1126182 TI - The effects of freeze-preservation on some pollen enzymes. 1. Freeze-thaw stresses. PMID- 1126183 TI - The effect of curative cryosurgery on the tumor-specific immune response of C57 mice. PMID- 1126184 TI - Editorial: Clinician, teacher, investigator-can a specialty journal serve all? PMID- 1126185 TI - Editorial: Early detection and localization of bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 1126186 TI - The Mayo Lung Project for early detection and localization of bronchogenic carcinoma: a status report. AB - The Mayo Lung Project (MLP) is a screening program designed to detect bronchogenic carcinoma at a curable stage. Screening tests include chest roentgenograms, three-day "pooled" sputum cytology studies, and lung-health questionnaires. These are being applied every four months to a study population of outpatients who have a high probability of developing lung cancer. Initial patient acceptance of the screening program has been excellent. Small asymptomatic lung cancers have been detected both roentgenographically and cytologically. The two procedures have complemented each other with little overlap. Chest roentgenography has proved most useful in diagnosing peripherally situated cancers, whereas sputum cytology studies have been most effective in identifying early squamous cancer involving major airways. At present, more cancers have been detected roentgenographically than cytologically, but the cytologically detected cases appear to have a better prognosis. Roentgenographically occult cancers have been localized with regularity, although the localization process is complicated. Theoretically, vigorous application of radiologic and cytologic screening, combined with optimum use of localizing procedures and treatment, could increase the five-year survival rate among lung cancer patients to nearly 50 percent. However, the actual survivorship attained will ultimately be determined by currently imponderable factors such as patient acceptance of longterm screening, frequency of multicentric respiratory cancers, and incidence of noncancerous smoking-related diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic heart disease. PMID- 1126187 TI - Esophageal disease as a cause of severe retrosternal chest pain. AB - During one six-month period 11 patients were referred with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease, because of recurrent episodes of severe, prolonged retrosternal chest pain necessitating from one to seven hospital admissions per patient for "suspect myocardial infarction". In no instance was this diagnosis proved by electrocardiogram or serum enzyme changes, but 7 of the 11 patients had abnormal resting electrocardiograms. Selective coronary arteriograms were normal in 10 patients and revealed nonobstructive coronary artery disease in the 11th patient. Esophageal studies revealed hiatus hernia in 9 and mild to severe disordered motored activity of the esophagus in all 11. Acid perfusion into the esophagus reproduced the chest pain in nine patients and in the other two, the hiatus hernia was incarcerated. On direct questioning, all patients indicated that the pain was worsened by lying down and bending over, and in eight patients there was a history of pharyngoesophageal or gastroesophageal dysphagia. In this day when the problem of chest pain with normal coronary arteries is very topical, our report emphasizes the need to consider symptomatic esophageal disease in the differential diagnosis of this problem. PMID- 1126188 TI - Pleuroscopy and pleural biopsy with the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. AB - Diagnostic pleuroscopy has been performed under local anesthesia in nine patients using a gas sterilized flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope inserted through a 1 to 2 cm chest incision into the pleural space. Pleuroscopy in one patient excluded recurrent neoplasm on the pleural aspect of a bronchopleural fistula. Another patient had a pleuroscopic biopsy of the lung, which was the only method successful in diagnosing a metastatic renal carcinoma. The other seven patients were studied for pleural effusions which were undiagnosed after study of pleural fluid and/or Abrams needle biopsy. In four of them pleural implants of carcinoma were visualized and proved by biopsy. Three patients had negative pleuroscopy, two of these also being negative at subsequent thoracotomy. One was not explored because of extrathoracic metastases. The procedures were performed with minimal patient discomfort and no serious complications. PMID- 1126189 TI - Efficacy of pleural needle biopsy and pleural fluid cytopathology in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm involving the pleura. AB - A comparison was made of the efficacy of pleural needle biopsy and pleural-fluid cytopathology in the diagnosis of pleural tumor in a group of 271 patients. A malignant tumor involving the pleura was present in 95 cases. Needle biopsy alone provided a diagnosis of tumor in 53 instances, and cytopathologic preparations were diagnostic in 69 patients. A diagnosis was established on either the biopsy or cytopathology, or both, in 86 cases (90 percent). These results indicate the value of using both biopsy and fluid cytology in the evaluation of pleural effusion, which often is due to involvement of the pleura by malignant neoplasm. PMID- 1126190 TI - Sequential atrioventricular pacing as a stress test. Evaluation of left ventricular function in second-degree AV heart block developing during atrial pacing. AB - Advanced or second-degree atrioventricular (AV) heart block pre-existing or developing during atrial pacing (AP) at low heart rates of smaller than 130 per minute, limits the value of AP to stress the left ventricle. When Wenkebach type AV block is present, the heart rate can be increased by administration of atropine before atrial pacing or by right ventricular pacing. Atropine, however, occasionally may cause serious supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias, and high rate right ventricular pacing is not tolerated by many patients with left ventricular dysfunction because of the absence of the atrial contribution. Twenty eight out of 101 patients with angina pectoris (27.7 percent) developed second degree AV heart block during atrial pacing studies performed for evaluation of left ventricular function. In 8 of the 28 patients, sequential AV pacing (SP) was performed successfully, with the heart rate being increased to 150-167 per minute. In 4 of the 8 patients, left ventricular dysnfunction was demonstrated during and immediately after SP. Typical angina pectoris developed in two of the four patients during SP, one of whom proved to have normal coronary arteriogram. Sequential AV pacing is an alternative method to increase the heart rate for the purpose of stressing the left ventricle when advanced degree or second-degree AV heart block pre-exists or develops during right atrial pacing. In some patients the method of SP might be preferable to administration of atropine or to ventricular pacing. PMID- 1126191 TI - Preliminary experience with the use of a programmable pacemaker. AB - One hundred sixty-four patients, in whom new externally programmable pacemakers had been inserted, were studied over a two year period, beginning July, 1972. Following implantation, the rate and current output of this pacemaker could be changed at any time by a non-invasive technique involving electromagnetic pulse trains emitted by an external "programmer". In 89 percent of the patients it was possible to reduce battery output by half, implying greater longevity of the pacer in these cases. In 15 percent of the patients, manipulative control of the pacemaker rate was employed and found beneficial. PMID- 1126192 TI - Value and pitfalls of the lateral lung scan. AB - Two hundred eighty-one of 443 lung scans composed of anterior, posterior, and lateral projections (done in our hospital) demonstrated defects. In 3.9 percent of them (11 cases), the defects were delineated in the lateral views only, while in 29.2 percent (82 cases), the lateral views either outlined additional defects not appreciated on the straight views, or showed more extensive lung involvement. In the majority of instances, 56.6 percent (159 cases), the lateral views showed comparable findings and also tended to segmentally localize the defects better. However, in 10.3 percent (29 cases), defects present on the straight projections were not detected on the lateral views. Various causes that could give rise to artefactural abnormalities in the lateral lung scan and therefore inhibit its proper interpretation, are reviewed and discussed. Despite these problems, the lateral may be the only view to demonstrate abnormalities and, in fact, frequently provides additional useful information. PMID- 1126193 TI - Asynchronous breathing movements in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - An electromagnetic ventilation monitor was used to record the separate anterior posterior movements of the chest and abdomen during the breathing cycle in 30 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in 10 normal subjects. In all normal subjects and 17 COPD patients, the chest and abdomen movements were syndhronous and in phase with the flow of air as measured with a spirometer. In 13 COPD patients chest movement was synchronous with the flow of air, but the abdomen moved inward suddently near or at end inspiration and then outward during a variable part of expiration. Compared to COPD patients with a normal breathing pattern, those with asynchronous breathing movements had poorer ventilatory mechanics and 10 of the 13 were dependent on assisted ventilation. Nine of the 13 patients with asynchronous breathing have died in a 10 month period, a significantly higher mortality than in those with normal breathing. PMID- 1126194 TI - Platelet aggregation: effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - This study was designed to determine whether reduction in platelet aggregate microembolization during the first 30 minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass is due to thrombocytopenia or to decreased ability of platelets to aggregate. The total volume of platelet aggregates induced in blood by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was measured with a Coulter counter. The volume of platelets in blood was calculated by multiplying hemocytometry platelet counts by the mean platelet volume. Immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass, the total volume of aggregates induced in blood by ADP (2muM) was reduced when compared to normal donors because of (1) a slight fall in the volume of platelets, and (2) reduction in the percentage by volume of platelets which aggregated. After 30 minutes on bypass, the volume of both platelets and aggregates fell, but a greater percentage of platelets aggregated. This indicates that reduction of platelet aggregate formation during cardiopulmonary bypass is due to thrombocytopenia. It also suggests that anesthesia, surgical trauma and heparinization alter platelet reactivity more than cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 1126195 TI - Flexible fiberoptic pleuroscopy: pleural and lung biopsy. AB - While diagnostic procedures are available to explore most of the body cavities for diagnosis and treatment, examination of the pleural cavity remains difficult, mainly because the negative pressure in the pleural cavity makes direct examination impossible without collapsing the lung. The ability to diagnose pleural and pulmonary disease by conventional techniques, such as blind pleural and lung biopsy, cytology of bronchial washings and brushings, radiologic techniques or cultures is limited and frequently fails to provide an accurate diagnosis. Exploratory thoracotomy, with a relatively high complication rate, remains the method of choice in many cases. We have devised a new technique for exploring the pleural cavity under direct vision while avoiding lung collapse, using a modified flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope introduced into the pleural cavity through a specially designed cannula. PMID- 1126196 TI - Precordial ST segment mapping. A sensitive technique for the evaluation of myocardial injury? AB - Myocardial ischemic injury was created acutely in pigs by a closed-chest technique utilizing an intracoronary balloon occluder for the interruption of flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery and ST-segment elevation was followed over a two hour period using an 18 lead precordial map. In an experimental group of 10 animals, occlusion was carried out within the left anterior descending coronary artery 8.3 plus or minus 0.5 cm distal to the origin of the main left coronary. Mean ST segment elevation (ST) showed a peak rise of 0.16 mV 10 minutes after occlusion. The balloon was moved proximally 1.6 plus or minus 0.2 cm giving a significant secondary rise of 0.16 mV within 5 minutes, despite indications of a generally small area of additional myocardial involvement, as judged from anatomic distribution of additional vessels occluded as well as a lack of significant change in hemodynamic parameters. In a control group of 5 additional pigs, a single distal occlusion at 6.4 plus or minus 0.9 cm from the origin of the main left coronary was produced by an identical technique. The ST rose to a peak of 0.20 mV at 15 minutes and was followed by a steady decline. Unlike the experimental group, no additonal rise in ST was seen. The technique of precordial mapping thus appears to be a sensitive index of myocardial injury. In addition, it appears from this study that the magnitude of ST elevation is a direct reflection of the extent of myocardial injury. PMID- 1126197 TI - Pulmonary terms and symbols. A report of the ACCP-STS Joint Committee on Pulmonary Nomenclature. PMID- 1126198 TI - Influence of prolapsed mitral leaflets on aortic blood velocity. PMID- 1126199 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Intracardiac electrogram. Paradoxic slowing of ventricular rate with intravenous isoproterenol in a patient with A-V block. PMID- 1126200 TI - Roentgenogram of the month. Pulmonary infiltrate with a chest wall mass. PMID- 1126201 TI - Pulmonary blastoma: report of two cases. AB - Pulmonary blastoma is a rare primary malignancy of the lung originating from multipotential pulmonary blastema. Two cases of this tumor are reported emphasizing lack of correlation between the microscopic appearance and the clinical course. There are no specific clinical features that differentiate this tumor from the more common lung neoplasms. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment; the merits of radiotherapy and chemotherapy have not yet been established. Prognosis after adequate resection appears no better than for other pulmonary malignancies. PMID- 1126202 TI - A new plastic operation for pectus excavatum: sternal turnover surgical procedure with preserved internal mammary vessels. AB - The so-called turnover operation for pectus excavatum in older age groups has been disappointing due to postoperative complication such as fistual formation with necrosis of bones and muscles. Thus, the need of preserved vascular pedicle to the sternum was stressed in this type of operation. A new sternal crossover operation keeping the bilateral internal mammary vessels preserved was developed and satisfactorily applied on three clinical cases. The results indicate that this method is a useful sternal crossover procedure for patients over 15 years of age. PMID- 1126203 TI - Distal propulsion of vena cava umbrella by cardiac massage. AB - Distal propulsion of a 28 mm umbrella filter from vena cava to femoral vein occurred in a 75-year-old woman during external cardiac massage. After cardiac massage, filter position must be checked roentgenographically. Optimal management of distal migration might include placement of a second umbrella to prevent recurrent emboli and proximal migration of the dislodged umbrella. PMID- 1126204 TI - Hyperacute radiation pneumonitis. AB - We present a patient who developed radiation pneumonitis only eight days after beginning therapy. The pneumonitis responded dramatically to prednisone on four occasions, which was a helpful point in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 1126205 TI - Ill-effects of cardiac resuscitation: report of two unusual cases. AB - Two mishaps associated with closed-chest cardiac resuscitation are presented. One pneumoperitoneum-became evident during life, created considerable diagnostic difficulty, and evoked treatment that possibly hastened the patient's death. The other-cardiac puncture-appeared at autopsy and its mechanism may be unique. PMID- 1126206 TI - A cutaneous manifestation of untreated disseminated histoplasmosis. AB - We present a case of histoplasmosis with skin manifestations occurring 17 years after initial diagnosis. The clinical manifestations of disseminated disease are discussed. Amphotericin B administered through an A-V shunt resulted in prompt resolution of the skin lesions. PMID- 1126207 TI - Congenital atrial flutter. AB - Two cases of congenital atrial flutter, one of which was documented electrocardiographically before birth, are reported. In both patients sinus rhythm was restored with digoxin treatment; in one patient the transition was preceded by various arrhythmias. No cardiac malformation was found in either case, and no materal disease occurred during pregnancy. Both mothers had received medication during pregnancy, but its role as a causative factor is questionable. PMID- 1126208 TI - Midsystolic clicks originiating from tricuspid valve structures: a sequela of heroin-induced endocarditis. AB - In two patients who had been heroin users, loud midsystolic clicks developed during infective endocarditis involving the tricuspid valve. The sounds were loudest along the left sternal border, exhibited an increase in intensity during inspiration and were associated with right atrial gallop sounds and with murmurs of tricuspid regurgitation. This constellation of clinical events suggests that the midstystolic clicks emanated from tricuspid valve structures as a result of disordered function of the chordae tendineae. Prolapse of the tricuspid valve has recently been demonstrated angiographically to accompany similar abnormalities of mitral valve motion in certain patients with the click-murmur syndrome. The participation of the tricuspid valve in the generation of the auscultatory finding is unclear, but the cases herein reported suggest that the tricuspid valve is capable of producing these findings. PMID- 1126209 TI - Letter: Adenocarcinoma and smoking. PMID- 1126210 TI - Letter: Quadricuspid aortic valve. PMID- 1126211 TI - Letter: Pulse deficit during ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 1126212 TI - Letter: Antibiotic regimen for lung abscess. PMID- 1126213 TI - Letter: Cavitation in histoplasmosis: some further comments. PMID- 1126214 TI - Letter: Migration of broken sewing needle from left arm to heart. PMID- 1126215 TI - Letter: Brady-tachy syndrome with prolonged retrograde conduction due to digitalis and propranolol intoxication. PMID- 1126216 TI - Editorial: Books and computer tape, journals and microfiche--who shall pay? PMID- 1126217 TI - Editorial: IMV vs IMC. PMID- 1126218 TI - Editorial: Clinical consequences of acute pericarditis. PMID- 1126219 TI - Pericarditis of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Forty patients with acute myocardial infarction and pericarditis (AMI-P) were encountered over a three-year period. The incidence of AMI-P was 7.2 percent (40 of 554 patients). Fifty consecutive patients with acute transmural infarction without pericarditis (AMI-C) were used as a control group. There were no significant differences between the AMI-P and AMI-C groups regarding age, sex, infarct location, hospital stay or mortality. Painful symptoms of pericarditis were experienced by 37 patients (92 percent), all of whom had developed symptoms by the fourth hospital day. The pericardial friction rub lasted three days or less in 34 patients (85 percent), but an occasional rub could be heard for up to eight days. Twenty patients with AMI-P (50 percent) developed pleural effusions and/or parenchymal pulmonary infliltrates. Twenty-eight AMI-P patients (70 percent) were thought to have had congestive heart failure (CHF) on the basis of their symptoms and physical findings. Radiographic examination could confirm only 13 cases of CHF among the 28 patients in whom the diagnosis was made clinically. Glucocorticoids were given parenterally to 31 of the 37 patients (84 percent) who had symptomatic pericarditis and was felt to be effective in ameliorating painful symptoms. Followup data was obtained on 28 of the 32 surviving patients. Five patients (15 percent) had seven episodes of the postmyocardial infarction syndrome (PMIS). Pericarditis is generally a shortlived complication of acute myocardial infarction. Pleural and parenchymal pulmonary abnormalities are common and probably account for the tendency to "overdiagnose" CHF in patients with AMI P. PMIS appears to occur more frequently in patients who have had pericarditis at the time of the acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1126220 TI - Cough dynamics in the post-thoracotomy state. AB - A series of 24 adult male patients undergoing thoracotomy were found to have a reduction in their cough pressures in the immediate postoperative period to 29 percent of their preoperative values. Cough pressures still averaged only 50 percent of control values one week following surgery, with slow return toward normal over the ensuing three weeks. Pain associated with the surgical wound appeared to be primary factor in the patients' inability to cough effectively. The degree of impairment appeared to be related to the extent of the procedure, pressures being altered less in those with limited incision thoracotomies. Ultrasonically nebulized water mist was found to be effective in all but one patient in inducing significantly higher cough pressures and more effective sputum expectoration. Its use should be considered as a simple method of inducing more effective coughs in the postoperative patient. PMID- 1126221 TI - Severe pleural restriction: the maximum static pulmonary recoil pressure as an acid in diagnosis. AB - Three patients with pleural restriction are presented in detail. One patient had had a right pneumonectomy and died of ventilatory failure due to left-sided restrictive pleurisy. The second patient had neoplastic pleural effusion and inactive tuberculosis. The third patient had systemic lupus erythematosus with bilateral restrictive pleuritis. The physiologic picture was similar in the three cases, with marked decrease of lung volumes, increase of the RV/TLC ratio, absence of airways obstruction, decrease of the Dco and decrease of dynamic lung compliance. In addition, each of these three patients and others with severe pleural restriction had a lower than normal maximum static pulmonary recoil pressure (Pmax). Since in pulmonary restrictive disease, the Pmax was found to be elevated, it was a useful test for distinguishing pulmonary restriction from pleural restriction. PMID- 1126222 TI - Mortality prediction in adult respiratory insufficiency. AB - The results of treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency in the adult must be quantitated before indications for innovative treatment (such as extracorporeal oxygenation) can be defined. A method for retrospective and prospective data collection based on a graph of A-a gradient and time was evaluated in 45 patients. From this graph a pulmonary insufficiency index (PII) can be calculated which correlates well with mortality in this series. The mean PII of surviving patients was 0.84 and the highest value was 2.75. The mean PII of patients who died with pulmonary insufficiency was 15.9; the lowest value was 6.0. Using this method with a larger data base, it will be possible to predict mortality based on PII facilitating the study of ongoing management and innovative treatment methods. PMID- 1126223 TI - Silent anomalies of the urinary tract and congenital heart disease. AB - Postangiocardiographic screening of infants and children with congenital heart disease for silent anomalies of the urinary tract yielded an incidence of 7.7 percent in 260 so studied. The incidence was 29 percent in 21 babies who came to autopsy and had been studied at catheterization but without this screening. Patients with atrial septal defect had the highest incidence of urinary tract anomalies, while those with ventricular septal defect and tetralogy had an average incidence. Some of the lesions discovered were potentially significant even though silent. They were found with sufficient frequency to warrant routine use of this screening technique at cardiac catheterization. PMID- 1126224 TI - Left ventricular approach for recording His bundle potential in man. AB - The electrical potentials of the His bundle (HB) were recorded from the left ventricular endocardial surface in 28 patients ranging from 16 to 63 years of age. In 14 of the patients the left bundle branch (LB) potentials were also obtained. Placement of a bipolar electrode catheter tip toward the interventricular septum, right at and also 1 to 2 cm below the aortic valve, resulted in stable recordings of both potentials in successive cardiac cycles even at performing atrial or HB pacing from the right heart. The following intervals were measured in milliseconds (msec): P-A, A-H, H, H-V, LB, and LB-V. The average values in 12 patients (average age 26 plus or minus 7 years and average heart rate 90 plus or minus 16 beats per minute) with normal A-V conduction were as follows: P-A 28 plus or minus 7, A-H 76 plus or minus 16, H 19 plus or minus 3 and H-V 45 plus or minus 6 msec. The average values for LB and LB V in 10 of these 12 patients were 15 plus or minus 3 and 25 plus or minus 3 msec respectively. Validation of the His bundle electrogram (HBE) from the left ventricular endocardial surface was based on simultaneous recordings of the intracardiac electrograms from both left and right sides of the heart in 18 patients. The individual average values for the intervals obtained from both sides of the heart in these patients were statistically not different, except that the H potential was slightly longer in duration fr m the left heart (P equals 0.05). Among these, 16 showed simultaneous onset of the H potentials, and the LB-V and RB-V conduction times from comparable points were almost the same. Indications for the left sided electro-physiologic studies include the following situations: (a) inability to record H from the right of the heart; (b) giant right atrium; and (c) possibly during atrial fibrillation. PMID- 1126225 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month: left anterior hemiblock concealing diphragmatic infarction and simulating anteroseptal infarction. PMID- 1126226 TI - Illustrative echocardiogram: echocardiographic demonstration of a left atrial thrombus. PMID- 1126227 TI - Pericardial cyst ten years after acute pericarditis. AB - A case of pericardial cyst development in the years after an episode of acute pericarditis is reported. The method of diagnosis allowed confirmation of the condition without thoracotomy. These aspects of the case are relevant to the genesis of pericardial cysts in general and establish ultrasound and subsequent contrast roentgenography are advocated as adequate means of diagnosis in this condition. PMID- 1126228 TI - Acute effusive-constrictive staphylococcal pericraditis. PMID- 1126229 TI - Pseudotumor of the lung. A case report and review stressing radiographic criteria. PMID- 1126230 TI - Thoracic duct cyst causing mediastinal compression and acute respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 1126231 TI - Variant angina pectoris due to coronary artery spasm. PMID- 1126232 TI - Pulmonary sarcoidosis presenting as bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 1126233 TI - A technique for unknotting an intracardiac flow-directed balloon catheter. AB - Described is an unusual complication occurring during right-sided cardiac catheterization using a 7F flow-directed balloon catheter. During an attempt to direct the catheter from the main pulmonary artery into the pulmonary wedge position, the tip became entangled in a loop of catheter and knotted. Initially, all attempts to unknot or remove the catheter failed. A movable core guide wire was passed through the major lumen of the catheter, resulting in the immediate unknotting of the catheter, thus allowing its withdrawal. PMID- 1126234 TI - Recurrent myxosarcoma of left atrium. AB - The surgical treatment of cardiac myxosarcoma is reviewed with emphasis placed on palliative response to radiation therapy. A case of primary myxosarcoma of the left atrium in a 16-year-old girl is presented. The tumor was surgically removed in October, 1967. Recurrently myxosarcoma was removed in August, 1968, at which time involvement of the pulmonary veins and the pericardium was noted. Subsequent to postoperative radiation therapy, the patient remained symptom-free for more than three years. Death occurred 4 1/2 years after the original operation from local and systemic recurrence of the tumor. PMID- 1126235 TI - Letter: Exercise tolerance increased by oxygen therapy or psychologic factors. PMID- 1126236 TI - Letter: Intravenous procaine amide and left ventricular performance. PMID- 1126237 TI - Letter: Comment on lung biopsy techniques. PMID- 1126238 TI - Letter: Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma: an unusual cause of localized arthritis. PMID- 1126239 TI - Letter: Scanning electron micrographs: another look at early emphysema lesions. PMID- 1126240 TI - Letter: Long-term coronary sinus pacing. PMID- 1126241 TI - Letter: Chemosis and conjunctival venous engorgement. PMID- 1126242 TI - Letter: On editorial and reviewing protocol. PMID- 1126243 TI - Program evaluation as a part of clinical practice: an administrator's position. PMID- 1126244 TI - Treatment in cottage programs for children with severe developmental disturbances. PMID- 1126245 TI - Learning to learn and living to live in residential treatment. PMID- 1126246 TI - Development of a professional identity for the child care worker. PMID- 1126247 TI - The incidence of child abuse in the United States. PMID- 1126248 TI - The importance of worker availability in the functioning of new foster homes. PMID- 1126249 TI - The infertile couple: a plea for advocacy. PMID- 1126250 TI - Factors influencing survival with complete obstruction and free perforation of colorectal cancers. AB - A review of 26 years' experience in the management of patients with obstruction and perforation of the colon due to carcinoma at Hopital Notre-Dame, Montreal, is reported. We try, in the present paper to identify the factors responsible for the very poor prognosis in complete obstruction and free perforation of colorectal cancers. As we are comparing these complicated cancers with a larger group of uncomplicated cancers, our results are analyzed by the chi-square test. PMID- 1126251 TI - Acute obstruction in cancer of the colon and rectum. AB - Results after operations for acute obstruction of the large intestine due to cancer were analyzed during a 10-year period and compared with the results after operations for nonobstructive tumors during the same period. The following conclusions could be deduced: 1) Cancer is more often obstructive in the colon than in the rectum. Cancers of the splenic flexure are relatively more often obstructive than cancers in other parts of the colon. 2) Postoperative morbidity (and probably mortality) is higher and the five-year survival shorter in patients with obstructive cancers of the large intestine than in those without obstruction. Obstructive Dukes' A tumors are very few. 3) The early morbidity and mortality after acute cecostomy are probably not higher than after acute transversostomy, if the cecostomy wound is left open. The cecostomy carries a risk of peritoneal contamination. 4) Cecostomy does not relieve obstruction in 5 10 per cent of the patients, while transversostomy seems always to be effective. Emergency exploratory laparotomy for obstructive cancer of the large bowel instead of a blind cecostomy reduces the number of patients who need two operations by 10 per cent. 5) Hernias are frequent at the sites of previous spontaneously closed cecostomies. 6) Antibiotic bowel preparation seems not to be effective shortly after decompressive colostomy. PMID- 1126252 TI - The Warren operation for anal incontinence caused by disruption of the anterior segment of the anal sphincter, perineal body, and rectovaginal septum: report of five cases. AB - The use of the Warren vaginal flap operation for repair of a traumatic deformity consisting of disruption of the perineal body, anterior segment of the external anal sphincter, and lower half of the rectovaginal septum is described. Modifications described in this article include use of the jackknife position to give better exposure and epinephrine infiltration to give a bloodless field. The incidences of infection and recurrence appear lower than with the layer technique. PMID- 1126253 TI - The management of enteric fistulas in dehisced wounds with isobutyl cyanoacrylate. PMID- 1126254 TI - Colorectal cancer: metachronous and other associated neoplasms. PMID- 1126255 TI - Anaplastic carcinoma of the lung with metastasis to the anus: report of a case. PMID- 1126256 TI - Adenomatous polyps of the ileocecal valve: report of three cases. AB - Lesions of the ileocecal valve are uncommon and include various inflammatory diseases, submucosal fatty infiltration, edema, and neoplasia. Of the neoplastic lesions, adenomatous polyps are distinctly rare, despite their frequency in the remainder of the colon. Three patients with adenomatous polyps of the ileocecal valve are added to the seven previously reported cases. One had a large pedunculated polyp, another had polyps resulting from familial polyposis, and the third had circumferential adenomatous polypoid hyperplasia and the ileocecal valve syndrome. Although many lesions of the valve produce the characteristic symptoms, the diagnosis of the ileocecal-valve syndrome is seldom made. Most ileocecal-valve lesions are incidental findings on barium-enema studies and may be carefully followed. The indications for operative intervention are suspicion of malignancy and the presence of troublesome symptoms. If malignancy is likely, a right colectomy should be done. Segmental resection is the procedure of choice for the ileocecal-valve syndrome. Adenomatous polyps may require simple polypectomy, segmental resection, or even subtotal colectomy. Following recognition of these unusual disorders the exact management is individualized. PMID- 1126257 TI - Atraumatic splenic rupture simulating ruptured sigmoid diverticulitis: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of atraumatic rupture of the spleen originally presenting as ruptured sigmoid diverticulitis is described. The underlying disease was found to be myelofibrosis. Although progressive splenomegaly is always associated with this disease, spontaneous rupture of this organ is not reported in the literature. We also reviewed the literature in regard to unusual presentation of splenic rupture and we could not find any case simulating acute sigmoid diverticulitis. It is suggested that awareness and familiarity with this disease may enable the surgeon to suspect this diagnosis when dealing with an unusual acute abdominal emergency. PMID- 1126258 TI - Clinical experiences at St. Mark's Hospital with multiple synchronous cancers of the colon and rectum. AB - We have reviewed the experience of St. Mark's Hospital with double synchronous cancers of the large intestine. This occurs in 3.5 per cent of cancer resections, and in 75 per cent there are associated benign neoplasms. Patients with double or treble cancers fare much the same as those with single cancers, and the prognosis appears to be surprisingly favorable, even when the second growth is comparatively advanced. The second lesion, however, is usually not palpable at operation, and full clinical and radiologic investigation is therefore essential before any resection is undertaken for cancer of the colon or rectum. PMID- 1126259 TI - Stercoral necrosis of the cecum in an incarcerated right inguinal hernia: report of a case. AB - A rare case of stercoral ulcers of the cecum in an incarcerated inguinal hernia is described. Local resection was followed by an uneventful recovery. PMID- 1126260 TI - Entrapment of the colon following diaphragmatic injuries: report of eight cases. AB - With a rise in the incidence of severe injuries, we are seeing increasing numbers of patients with colonic entrapment occurring at the sites of diaphragmatic injuries. The initial injury might have occurred recently or it might have occurred as long as 25 years before. Blunt trauma, stabbings, and infection accounted for the initial trauma in our patients. Acute symptoms implicate the cardiorespiratory system as a result of interference with respiration and the filling and function of the heart. Acute or chronic gastrointestinal symptoms may suggest intestinal obstruction or functional bowel disorders. The proper diagnosis of colonic entrapment depends upon a high index of suspicion and proper studies. Chest x-rays, fluoroscopy, barium-enema examinations and contrast studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract are essential. Acute cardiorespiratory enbarrassment necessitates prompt surgical intervention. When subdiaphragmatic injuries are suspected, an abdominal incision is necessary. In long-standing cases where the abdominal viscera are intact, the thoracic approach is preferable. At times, the combined thoraco-abdominal incision may be preferable. Diaphragmatic injuries resulting in colonic entrapment occurred most often in the left hemidiaphragm, which is relatively unprotected. In seven of our eight patients, the left diaphragm was the site of herniation. The liver on the right side serves to protect this area from herniation. Only the largest defects permit displacement of the liver into the right chest. Only one of our patients had such a defect. Patients with long-standing cardiac or gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of colonic entrapment should have a THOROUGH MEDICAL evaluation before any operative treatment is advised. We have reviewed the cases of eight patients in whom infection, stabbings and blunt trauma resulted in diaphragmatic herniations with subsequent colonic entrapment. The splenic flexure of the colon protruded through the defect in three of our eight patients. The transverse colon was located above the diaphragm in five. PMID- 1126261 TI - The role of cryotherapy in management of anorectal disease: Whate are hemorrhoids? PMID- 1126262 TI - The role of cryosurgery in management of anorectal disease: Three hundred and fifty cases. PMID- 1126263 TI - The role of cryosurgery in management of anorectal disease: Cryohemorrhoidectomy evaluated. PMID- 1126264 TI - The role of cryosurgery in management of anorectal disease: Preliminary report on results. PMID- 1126265 TI - The role of cryosurgery in management of anorectal disease: A study of cryosurgical techniques. PMID- 1126266 TI - The role of cryosurgery in management of anorectal disease: The loyal opposition. PMID- 1126267 TI - Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure, an outpatient procedure. AB - We have adapted the lateral internal sphincterotomy technique for the repair of chronic anal fissure to a strictly office or outpatient procedure. The early cure rate in this review of our first 200 patients was very good - well in excess of 98 per cent. Complications were exceedingly minor, the considerable cost to the patient of hospitalization and time off from work has been saved, and patient acceptance has been excellent. PMID- 1126268 TI - Tumors of the appendix. AB - An analysis of 101 tumors of the appendix is presented. During the period under study (from 1949 to 1972), 8,699 appendectomies had been performed. Only 17 of the 101 tumors were malignant. In this group, there were two primary carcinomas, 12 metastatic carcinomas, and three lymphomas. Most of the tumors (84) were benign, including 43 carcinoids, 32 mucoceles, five neuromas, two leiomyomas, and two villous adenomas, Some of the clinical and pathologic features of carcinoids, adenocarcinoma, and mucoceles are discussed. The most significant observation in this study is the statistically significant evidence that, even without associated acute appendicitis, mucoceles 2 cm or more in diameter probably do cause clinical symptoms, which may be alleivated by appendectomy. PMID- 1126269 TI - A new aseptic total proctocolectomy procedure by one surgical team: Report of a case. PMID- 1126271 TI - Giving up smoking: how doctors can help. PMID- 1126270 TI - Gracilis muscle transplant for correction of traumatic anal incontinence: Report of a case. AB - We report a case of traumatic anal incontinence successfully treated by the transplant of a gracilis muscle sling, using the technique described by Pickrell et al. in 1952. Although gracilis muscle transplant has been used in the treatment of congenital anal incontinence, its use in traumatic cases has not been widely accepted. Instead, many techniques offering uncertain results have been employed. We believe that Pickrell's technique is a worthwhile procedure in the presence of traumatic anal incontinence, particularly with noniatrogenic large perineal wounds, and that establishment of a temporary colostomy immediately after the injury, together with use of surgical steel sutures and antibiotics, is very helpful in averting posttransplant infection. PMID- 1126272 TI - Flucytosine. PMID- 1126273 TI - Xerostomia. PMID- 1126274 TI - Mucodyne as an expectorant. PMID- 1126275 TI - Penicillin allergy. PMID- 1126276 TI - Treatment of depression in the elderly. PMID- 1126277 TI - Treating depression in patients with hypertension. PMID- 1126278 TI - Ritodrine (Yutopar) for fetal asphyxia? PMID- 1126279 TI - [Use of prostaglandin E2 for induced abortion]. PMID- 1126280 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of endomyocardial biopsy in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]rdiomyopathy(author. AB - Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained from the right ventricle in 25 patients with the clinical diagnosis of congestive cardiomyopathy. The biopsies were subjected to virological and histological studies (light and electronmicroscopy) and the findings correlated with clinical data. Abnormal morphological findings were present in all patients. The presumed clinical diagnosis was confirmed in 19, the morphological changes not being consistent with the clinical diagnosis of CCM in six patients. Electronmicroscopy revealed cardiac storage disease in one patient and pathological changes secondary to previous myocarditis in the other five. Clinical follow-up studies of the five patients apparently confirmed the morphological results, because in no case was there clinical deterioration, three patients in fact being in a fairly normal cardiac state at present. Using a morphological scoring system, the 19 patients with morphologically confirmed diagnosis of CCM were subdivided into two groupds, those with four points or less (group I, n equal to 9), and those with five pints or more (group II, n equal to 10). During a mean follow-up period of nearly 12 months the first group had a low mortality rate (n equal to 2), while the other had a high one (n equal to 6). The occurrence of signs of degeneration and mitochondrial alterations, in particular, was associated with a poor clinical prognosis. This differentiation into two groupds could not be achieved by clinical means alone. Type B3 Coxsackie virus was isolated from one biopsy, but no patient had significant serological evidence of virological infection. PMID- 1126281 TI - [Localization of the conduction defect in complete A-V block by means of His bundle electrograms (author's transl)]. AB - The localization of the conduction defect in so-called complete A-V block can be established by electrocardiography only indirectly and unreliably. In principle the region of the atrio-ventricular junction, i.e. the A-V node and the bundle of His, may be involved just as well as the two branches. Analysis of the configuration of the QRS complex in the electrocardiogram is unreliable, particularly in cases with bundle branch block, because any pattern can arise from the appropriate site of a tertiary focus of stimulation in one of the two ventricles. Recording His bundle potentials (His bundle electrogram) enables differentiation. In eleven personal observations and 151 cases collected from the literature of complete A-V block the analysis with this method showed that the so called A-V block in the majority of cases (63%) is actually due to bilateral bundle branch block. In the other 37% an A-V junctional block was present. This type of block could be differentiated by means of His bundle electrograms into an A-V nodal block and His bundle block. PMID- 1126282 TI - [Labile repolarization changes in the ECG of patients without heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Nine patients with suspicious repolarization (ST-T segment) changes in the ECG were further investigated. Each had ten different additional ECG tests (after various degrees of exercise, and orciprenaline, amylnitrite, glucose, potassium chloride, and propranolol injections). The ECG changes became normal in all patients, orciprenaline and propranolol injection providing optimal results. Clinical investigation, left-heart angiocardiography and coronary angiography were normal in all. The questionably abnormal repolarization distrubances were, therefore, judged to be benign. As both beta-stimulation and beta-blockade normalized the ECG it can be safely assumed that the ECG changes were induced by autonomic nervous system factors. Cardiac catheterization appears, therefore, not indicated in each case and a potential iatrogenic heart disease can be avoided by relatively simple means. PMID- 1126283 TI - [The effect of tilidine on left-ventricular function of the human heart (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of tilidine (Valoron, 1.5 mg/kg) on left-ventricular function was measured in ten patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. In the course of thirty minutes after administration there was a small fall in systemic arterial pressure, decrease in cardiac output, cardiac index and stroke volume, as well as a change in the isovolumetric inotropic state. Haemodynamic and inotropic changes were small in amount, varying between 3.4 and 14.5% of basal values. This study indicates that tilidine, while having a powerful analgesic effect, has only a mild contractility-inhibiting action. Tilidine is thus a useful alternative as an analgesic in cardiac pain. PMID- 1126284 TI - [Functional intestianl ischemia (perfusion ischemis)]. PMID- 1126285 TI - [Therapy of pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 1126286 TI - [Pathophysiology of ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 1126287 TI - [Letter: Duodenogastric reflux]. PMID- 1126288 TI - [Letter: Influenza vaccination]. PMID- 1126289 TI - [The surgical treatment of cerebral ischaemia due to extracranial arterial occlusion(author's transl)]. AB - Results of reconstructive vascular surgery in 352 patients (aged 3 to 75 years) with extracranial arterial occlusions (295 of internal carotid artery) with intermittent symptoms or minor neurological defects are reported. Advantages of reconstructive surgery in the prevention of recurrence are: (1) further cerebrovascular episodes more frequently affect the non-operated side or brain stem; (2) neurological recovery is quicker and more complete in operated than conservatively treated patients. However, reconstructive surgery, while preventing further cerebrovascular episodes, does not influence definite neurological defects. PMID- 1126290 TI - [Jejunal interposition after radical gastrectomy: report of 51 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Reservoir construction with interposition of a 35 cm long jejunal loop (method of Longmire and Gutgemann) was performed in 51 patients after total gastrectomy. The procedure largely succeeded in preventing the agastric syndrome. There were five postoperative deaths. Maintained weight gain in the remainder ranged from 2.5 to 22 kg. PMID- 1126291 TI - [Results of operative treatment of chronic pancreatitis, especially exocrine and endocrine functions (author's transl)]. AB - Studies were undertaken in 40 patients with chronic pancreatitis six months to seven and a half years (mean 25 months) after operation, results being compared with pre-operative findings. Measurements included: exercise capacity, absence of pain, body weight, endocrine (36) and exocrine (25) pancreatic function. Almost all patients returned to full or only slightly impaired activity, were free of pain or had less pain and weight increase. Exocrine pancreatic function (secretin pancreozymin test and faecal fat) was noted in 11 of 25 patients. In another 11 pre-operative progression was arrested. But endocrine function improved in only three of 36 and worsened in 13 (manifestation of subclinical diabetes in eight, worse glucose tolerance in five). The results justify a more active surgical approach in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis in order to save the patients from an often long and painful "burning out" of the disease on purely conservative treatment. Furthermore, exocrine pancreatic function, at least, is maintained or improved. PMID- 1126293 TI - [Colostomy continence achieved with an implanted circular magnet (author's transl)]. AB - A new method of providing a colostomy continent for faeces and gas is described. It consists of the subcutaneous implantation of a magnetic ring which is led outside through the lumen of the colon and sutured to the skin. The colostomy is closed with a magnetic cover. The procedure has been used in 17 patients with a permanent colostomy after rectal excision and has been highly successful. PMID- 1126292 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of closed trauma to the aorta (author's transl)]. AB - Closed injury to the thoracic aorta at the isthmus occurred after street accidents in eight persons (five males, three females, aged 17-55 years). The lesions ranged from isolated intimal rupture to complete loss of continuity of the aorta. Radiological diagnosis or thoracic surgical exploration took place in five patients within 48 hours of the accident, while in the remaining three--alle with a false aneurysm of the thoracic aorta-the time elapsed before accurate diagnosis ranged from three months to seven years. Five patients were successfully operated upon. It is stressed that successful surgical intervention depends on early and accurate radiological diagnosis (chest X-ray and, if necessary, aortogram). PMID- 1126294 TI - [Reconstruction of the oesophagus after scarring due to swalled alkali and 22 years of gastrostomy feeding (author's transl)]. AB - The unusual life history of a man (now 24 years old) is reported who, at two years of age, swallowed an alkaline solution which caused severe oesophageal stricture due to scarring. It required feeding by gastrostomy exclusively for 22 years. Reconstruction of the oesophagus was then performed by interposing the colon (splenic flexure). Since secondary malignant degeneration is to be expected in this form of oesophageal stricture, removal of the residual oesophagus is recommended. PMID- 1126295 TI - [Immediate one-stage total oesophagenal replacement by transmediastinal transposition of the stomach without thoracotomy in a case of hypopharyngeal carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - A case of hypopharyngeal carcinoma (in a 36-year-old man) is reported in which, after blunt dissection of the oesophagus via a posterior mediastinal tunnel without thoracotomy, the stomach was mobilized and its fundus anastomosed to the pharynx at the level of the vallecula. This form of oesophagectomy was first reported in 1936 by Turner for carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus. Adopting this procedure in cases of carcinoma of the hypopharynx or cervical oesophagus (as recently reported) has as its main advantage the restoration of normal swallowing within a few days, as also took place in the described case. PMID- 1126296 TI - [Carcinoma in operated stomach]. PMID- 1126297 TI - [Therapy of Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 1126298 TI - [Pre- and postoperative investigations of patients after aortic valve replacement with prosthetic valves or homografts (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of patients with aortic-valve disease were compared. Group I (18 patients) received prosthetic valves, group II (12 patients) homograft valves. The symptoms and haemodynamic findings improved in both groups, postoperatively. Complications were more frequent with prosthetic than homograft valves, and the haemodynamic responses also were better in the homograft group, especially during exercise. PMID- 1126299 TI - [Heterogenicity of mitochondrial antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Sera from 137 patients with mitochondrial antibodies were tested against two different mitochondrial antigens. The mitochondrial antibodies from patients with pseudo-lupus erythematosus (PLE antigen) reacted exclusively with antigen which sedimented on moving-zone centrifugation at a density of 1.10, and contained no antigenic activity when tested against sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Purified PBC antigen had no PLE antigen activity at a density of 1.19, and all sera from patients with autoimmune liver disease fixed complement with this fraction. Sera from 54 of 55 patients with PLE reacted with the antigen of the PLE-gradient fraction. But 71 patients with liver disease had no such uniform reaction: sera from 39 patients fixed complement only with the PBC fraction, whereas 32 reacted stimultaneously with both the 1.10 and 1.19 density gradient fraction. The latter pattern was especially found in patients with chronic active hepatitis in whom antibodies to smooth muscle and nuclei were frequently detected. PMID- 1126300 TI - [Oxyphil cell adenomas associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Almost all functioning parathyroid adenomas are composed of chief or water-clear cells. In contrast, most oxyphil cell adenomas of this organ remain clinically silent. To date only occasional parathyroid adenomas consisting of oxyphil cells only have been found associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. The two additional examples described in this report confirm observations by others indicating that the parathyroid oxyphil cell can play an active metabolic role. PMID- 1126301 TI - [Inhibition by somatostatin of pancreatic juice and enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction in man induced by secretin and cholecystokinin pancreozymin administration (author's transl)]. AB - Somatostatin (200 mug/h) was administered to five healthy volunteers after submaximal stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion with 0.33 KU secretin or cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, given intravenously. In all instances there was a significant reduction in duodenal secretory volume after secretin, without any change in HCO3- concentration. Stimulation of enzyme secretion by cholecystokinin pancreozymin was significantly inhibited and gallbladder contraction abolished. PMID- 1126302 TI - [Myelopathies under anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 1126303 TI - Prophylactic agents for thrombosis. PMID- 1126304 TI - Bumetanide: A preliminary report of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in oedema. AB - Bumetanide2 is a new diuretic with a rapid onset and short duration of action. It is advocated for the treatment of oedema of cardiac origin; that associated with cirrhosis of the liver and renal diseases, including the nephrotic syndrome oedema of pregnancy and in pulmonary oedema. Bumetanide produces a pattern of water and electrolyte excretion closely resembling that of frusemide although it differs structurally from frusemide and other diuretics. 1 mg of bumetanide produces a diuretic effect similar to that evoked by 40 to 60 mg of frusemide. Short-and long-term studies in oedema of varying aetiology have shown bumetanide to be an effective diuretic. Because it is chemically different from existing diuretics, bumetanide may be helpful in oedema resistant to other drugs. It is well tolerated, but like other natriuretics it causes hypericaemia and may cause hypokalaemia during long-term administration. PMID- 1126305 TI - Hyperuricaemia--to treat or not? PMID- 1126307 TI - Editorial: Treatment of typhoid fever and typhoid carriers in Southeast Asia: Viewpoint form South Vietnam. PMID- 1126308 TI - Editorial: Treatment of typhoid fever and typhoid carriers in Southeast Asia: - Viewpoint from Thailand. PMID- 1126309 TI - Editorial: Treatment of typhoid fever and typhoid carriers in Southeast Asia: - Viewpoint from the Philippines. PMID- 1126306 TI - Amoxycillin: A review of its antibacterial and pharmacokinietic properties and therapeutic use. AB - Amoxycillin2 is an acid stable semisynthetic penicillin closely related to ampicillin. Unlike pivampicillin and hetacillin, amoxycillin is not converted to ampicillin in the body. The antibacterial spectrum and level of activity of amoxycillin is essentially the same as for ampicillin, and there is complete cross-resistance between the two drugs. After oral administration, amoxycillin is better absorbed than ampicillin. Mean peak serum levels of amoxycillin are generally twice those of ampicillin after an equal dose. The better absorption and penetration into certain body tissues and fluids of amoxycillin and its greater activity against experimental infections in mice, suggest that it might be preferred to ampicillin in the treatment of some infections, but any clear superiority over ampicillin in clinical practice has yet to be demonstrated. However, these properties have enabled amoxycillin to be given at half the dose of ampicillin without loss of therapeutic efficacy, and the princpal side-effects of skin rashes and diarrhoea have tended to be less frequent with amoxycillin than with ampicillin. Other side-effects are essentially similar in nature to those reported with ampicillin. PMID- 1126310 TI - Inhibition of gastrin release by somatosatin in vitro. AB - An in vitro system which uses perifused pieces from the antrum of rat stomach has been used to study the effect of dihydrosomatostatin on gastrin release. The gastrin concentration in fractions of the perfusate was measured by radioimmunoassay. Dihydrosomatostatin (2 x 10-7M) had no effect on basal gastrin levels but virtually abolished the biphasic response seen with argine stimulation. The study demonstrates close functional similarities between G cells and pancreatic islet cells. PMID- 1126311 TI - Biliary excretion of [3H]aldosterone and its sex dependence in adrenalectomized rats. AB - The rate of excretion of 3-H-radioactivity via the bile into the intestine following intravenous injection of [3-H]aldosterone, was demonstrated to be rapid and sex-dependent in adrenalectomized rats. Within 1 h, female rats excreted into the intesting via the bile greater than 95% of the injected dose of [3 H]aldosterone, compared to 47% in the male rats. In both the male and female rats, greater than 90% of the total radioactivity excreted into the intestine represented dichloromethane nonextractable polar derivatives of aldosterone (NEPD). Similarly, the quantities of NEPD recovered in the bile following bile duct cannulation of the rats, were also sex-dependent. These findings account for the rapidity and sex-dependence of the rates of clearance of aldosterone and its metabolites from the plasma of adrenalectomized rats. The sex hormones appear to influence not only the extent and the routes of metabolism of aldosterone in the liver, but also the rates of clearance of aldosterone and its metabolites from the plasma into the bile. PMID- 1126312 TI - Maintenance of rate testis fluid testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels by pregnenolone and other C21 steroids in hypophysectomized rats. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether maintenance of spermatogenesis in hypophysectomized rats by pregnenolone and other C21 steroids may be due to in vivo conversion of these compounds to androgens. Hypophysectomized rats were treated sc with 2 mg of pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone, 17 hydroxyprogesterone or testosterone propionate in 0.2 ml sesame oil daily for 14 days beginning 2 days after hypophysectomy. Rete testis fluid (RTF), peripheral blood, and testicular venous blood were collected on the day of the last injection. Testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured by radioimmunoassay after chromatographic separation. Results demonstrate that T and DHT could be found in the RTF of C21 steroid-treated hypophysectomized rats at levels similar to those seen in the intact rat. Results imply that the maintenance of spermatogenesis by C21 steroids is probably due to the conversion of these compounds to T in the testis. Relatively little T was released from the testis into the peripheral circulation of these rats since T levels in testicular venous plasma were low and peripheral plasma T levels were not distinguishable from those seen in untreated hypophysectomized rats. Histological examination of the testes of C21 steroid-treated hypophysectomized rats showed nearly quantitative maintence of spermatogenesis and atrophy of Leydig cells. These findings suggest that most of the conversion of C21 steroids to androgens occurred in the seminiferous tubules. PMID- 1126313 TI - Radioimmunologic assessment of the level of circulating LH antibodies after passive immunization of the rat: relation to the level of LH secretion. AB - A double antibody radioimmunologic technique was used to estimate circulating levels of "free" LH antibodies (Ab) (i.e., Ab available for binding to radioiodinated rat LH in vitro) after a single injection of an equine antiserum to bovine LH (LH-AS) into cyclic (diestrus-1), early pregnant (d 6 or d 8), short term (1 d) or long-term (12 d) ovariectomized, or 8-d hypophysectomized female rats. In both cyclic and pregnant rats given 0.5 ml LH-AS sc the blood Ab levles peaked 1 to 2 days after injection and then decreased exponentially (half-time: 14.6-17.0 h) and equally: vaginal estrus also appeared in the cyclic and the aborting pregnant rats on the 6th day, and ovulation on the 7th day after LH-AS treatment, when the blood levels had fallen to very low values. The rate of exponential decrease in blood Ab levels was not affected by other routes of administration (iv or ip) of LH-AS, or by sc doses of 1.0 or 0.25 ml, although the peak levels and their duration were related to dose and route of administration. Ovariectomy significantly increased the rate of exponential Ab decrease (half-time: 9.8 h in rats tested 12 days after operation) and hypophysectomy markedly diminished it (half-time: 63.0 h in rats tested 8 days after operation). Daily treatment of hypophysectomized rats with 20 mu/day of ovine LH from the time of LH-AS injection increased the rate of exponential Ab decrease to one approaching that of the intact rats (half-time: 20.5 h). Free LH antibodies thus seem to disappear from the circulation at a rate proportional to the amount of LH in the circulation. PMID- 1126314 TI - Serial serum levels of gonadotropins, prolactin and sex steroids in the nonpregnant and pregnant chimpanzee. AB - Serum levels of FSH, LH, chorionic gonadotropin (CG), prolactin, estrone (E1), estradiol-17Beta (E2), estriol (E3) and progesterone were measured at 2-3-day intervals in 4 chimpanzees through 2-3 menstrual cycles, and serially through subsequent pregnancies. The hormone patterns of the menstrual cycles were similar to those in man, with high levels of FSH in the early follicular phase, followed by rising E2 concentrations to a peak (up to 35 ng/dl) at or just before a midcycle LH/FSH peak. In most cycles there was a secondary E2 rise and progesterone rose to values above 500 ng/dl during the luteal phase. There was no consistent pattern in prolactine levels through 3 menstrual cycles. A simultaneous increase in E2 and LH/CG levels and a fall in FSH about 10 days postovulation indicated fertilization and implantation. Other early signs of pregnancy were persistent luteal range progesterone concentrations and rising levels of E1 and E3. Peak CG levels (56-154 IU/ml) occurred 30-50 days after the midcycle LH/FSH peak, followed by a decline and then a small secondary rise to (to 1 IU/ml) before term. E1, E2 and E3 levels rose more rapidly after 80 days to a peak at term (E1: 180-300 ng/dl; E2: 500-800 ng/dl; and E3:400-1000 ng/dl). Progesterone levels showed one peak coincident with the CG peak, and a secondary rise after about 80 days to maximal values at term of 49-120 ng/ml. Prolactin levels increased during pregnancy with irregular fluctuations (7-127 ng/ml). These findings indicate in contrast to observations in rhesus monkeys and baboons, that the hormonal patterns during pregnancy in the chimpanzee are remarkably similar to those in man. Thus, the chimpanzee should prove to be an ideal model for research directly applicable to human reproduction. PMID- 1126315 TI - The regional distribution of somatostatin in the rat brain. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for somatostatin (SRIF) has been used to determine the regional distribution of SRIF in rat brain. The hypothalamus contained the highest concentration of SRIF. Lower, but significant amounts of SRIF were present outside of the hypothalalmus. Within the hypothalamus, the concentration of SRIF was highest in the median eminence and arcuate nucleus although all of the hypothalmic nuclei contained some fo this material. The implications of this distribution are discussed. PMID- 1126316 TI - The rabbit fetal lung as a glucocorticoid target tissue. AB - Fetal lung cells from 28 day gestation rabbits cultured in the presence of cortisol (5.5 times 10 - minus 6M) or dexamethasone (5.5 times 10- minus 8M) incorporated [3-H] choline into lecithin to a significantly greater extent than did control cultures. 11-Deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol and 11beta hydroxyprogesterone, at a concentration of 5.5 times 10- minus 5 M, had no effect on lecithin synthesis. However, when lung cells were simultaneously exposed to these steroids and to cortisol at the concentrations quoted, [3-H] choline incorporation was reduced to control values. Cortisone (5.5 times 10- minus M) also enhanced lecithin synthesis, the activity of the steroid likely being related to the capacity of the lung cells to convert cortisone to cortisol. This hypothesis was supported by the observations that 11-ketoprogesterone (1.3 times 10- minus 5M), which totally inhibited the conversion of cortisone to cortisol and which had no effect of its own on [3-H] choline incorporation, inhibited the effect of cortisone on lecithin synthesis but not that of cortisol. These data support the view that glucocorticoids affect lung cell maturation in a manner comparable to the interaction of other steroid hormones with their target tissues. The capacity of the fetal lung to convert cortisone to cortisol may be physiologically significant in light of the high concentration of 11-oxo-steroids in the fetal circulation throughout pregnancy. PMID- 1126317 TI - Diminished prepartal plasma calcitonin concentration on cows developing parturient hypocalcemia. AB - Immunoreactive calcitonin and calcium concentrations were determined on 581 plasma samples collected during 23 studies on 20 cows. Sample collections in each study was begun approximately 1 month prior to parturition and continued for about 1 month after parturition. The cows were grouped according to the degree of hypocalcemia encountered at parturition. The parturient paresis group consisted of 10 cows which developed severe hypocalcemia (3.91 plus or minus 0.22 mg/100 ml, mean plus or minus se) accompanied by paresis; the nonparetic hypocalcemic group consisted of 5 cows which developed severe hypocalcemia (5.70 plus or minus 0.03 mg/100 ml) but not paresis; and the control group consisted of 8 cows which experienced only a mild hypocalcemia (8.50 plus or minus 0.27 mg/100 ml) at parturition. In the prepartal period prior to the onset of hypocalcemia, the respective mean plasma calcium concentrations (plus or minus se) of the 3 groups were 10.1 plus or minus 0.11, 9.95 plus or minus 0.20, and 10.2 plus or minus 0.17 mg/100 ml. The development of severe hypocalcemia in the parturient paresis and nonparetic hypocalcemic groups was not accompanied by an increase in plasma calcitonin concentration. Furthermore, plasma calcitonin concentraion of these 2 groups was less than that of control cows during the parturient period as well as during the month before and the month after parturition. The plasma calcium nadir at parturition was positively related to the mean prepartal (encompassing the period from 30 days until 60 h before parturition) plasma calcitonin concentration (r = 0.57, t= 3.14, p less than 0.005); i.e., the lower the prepartal plasma calcitonin concentration the more severe the hypocalcemia at parturtion. These observations suggest that the development of hypocalcemia at parturition is not due to an increased secretion of calcitonin, but instead they suggest that parturient hypocalcemia may be associated with a diminished prepartal secretion of calcitonin. PMID- 1126318 TI - Functional luteolysis in the rhesus monkey: ovarian estrogen and progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. AB - In a continuing effort to elucidate the processes underlying in primates, the concentrations of estradiol, estrone and progesterone were measured in ovarian tissues and in ovarian vein plasma through the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkey. The concentration of progesterone in corpora lutea collected 4-6 days after the preovulatory LH peak (early luteal phase) was more than twice that found in those collected 8-13 days after the LH surge (late luteal phase) while estradiol and estrone concentrations in the latter had increased 4-fold. These changes in luteal steroid concentrations were paralleled by a striking increase in the concentration of estrone in the ipsilateral ovarian vein. Estrone predominated in the venous effluent of the ovary beaing the corpus luteum while estradiol concentrations were similar in both ovarian veins suggesting that estrone is the principal estrogen released by the corpus luteum. The results of this study are consonant with the hypothesis that estrogen produced by the corpus luteum is the physiologic luteolsin in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 1126319 TI - Studies on isoproterenol stimulation of adenyl cyclase in membrane preparations from the bovine thyroid. AB - Catecholamine stimulation of adenyl cyclase activity associated with bovine subcellular fractions enriched in plasma membranes is described. The relative potencies of isoproterenol (IPNA), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) were 4.7:1.0:0.02, which is characteristic for a beta-adrenergic receptor system. Stimulation with IPNA (5 times 10- minus 6 M) was inhibited by propranolol. The inhibition was stereospecific for the L-isomer of propranolol and a concentration as low as 2 times 10- minus 8 M was required to effect 50% inhibition. Both these observations, and the competitive kinetics of inhibition which applied to the system, confirmed the classification of a beta-adrenergic receptor system. Phentolamine, an alpha-antagonist, also inhibited IPNA stimulation, although high doses (5 times 10- minus M) were required to cause total inhibition. Inhibition was also observed with quinidine (1 mM) and lignocaine (10- minus 2 M). PMID- 1126320 TI - The effect of food deprivation of the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine in rats. AB - Starvation depresses thyroid gland function. In addition, the peripheral turnover of thyroxine (T4) is reduced, in part due to decreased fecal elimination of T4. The present studies were performed to determine if starvation also affects the deiodinative pathway for T4 degradation. Rats were isotopically equilibrated with daily injections of exogenous [131-I]T4 while endogenous thyroidal T4 secretion and concentration of iodide were blocked with KCl04. Following a period of equilibration, either complete or 50% food deprivation was imposed on half the animals. Within 48 h of starvation, the serum T4 concentration of the fully starved rats doubled and remained high throughout. A marked decrease in fecal excretion of T4 was partially responsible for the increase. In spite of variability in the quantity of urinary 131-I excreted, the dieodinative clearance was consistently reduced. These effects were readily reversible upon resumption of normal feeding. Similar though less severe changes were observed in the half fed rats. In both fully and partially-starved animals, the decreased dieodinative clearance in the face of increased serum T4 levels indicates a significant impairment of peripheral deiodination by some as yet unknown mechanism. In contrast, normal rats equilibrated with doses of T4 sufficient to increase serum T4 levels exhibit increased urinary clearance of iodide derived from T4. Thus the increased serum T4 levels are a consequence of impairment of the deiodinative pathway by starvation as well as decreased fecal T4 excretion. Clearly, voluntary alterations in food consumption must be controlled for differences between groups during experimental studies of T4 utilization. PMID- 1126321 TI - Estrogen action: induction of the synthesis of a specific protein (IP) in the myometrium, the stroma and the luminal epithelium of the rat uterus. AB - The effect of estrogen on the synthesis of a specific uterine protein (estrogen induced protein=IP) was investigated at the level of the epithelial, stromal and myometrial tissue fractions. For measuring IP induction, the procedure of Katzenellenbogen and Gorski was followed exactly (involving co-electrophoresis of soluble protein extracts from 3H-labeled estrogen treated uteri and 14C-labeled controls) except for the fact that the uteri were fractionated into their three main tissue components before homogenization. The results show that induction of IP synthesis by estradiol takes place in the three tissue fractions considered. This is consistent with hypotheses assuming a key function for IP in the development of the full estrogenic response in the uterus. PMID- 1126322 TI - Changes in ultrastructure of rat ovaries after early postnatal x-ray irradiation. AB - Female rate were irradiated with 190R of X-rays at 10 days of age and ovarian ultrastructures were studied 4 and 7 months after irradiation. Ultrastructural changes were found in germinal epithelial cells, fibroblasts in the tunica albuginea and interstitial cells. The germinal epithelial cells exhibited various signs of degeneration but no sign of proliferation. Electron density of their basal part was reduced considerably. Their mitochondria became swollen and free ribosomes decreased in number. The nuclei often protruded from the free surface of these cells. These cells frequently fragmented and,finally, the complete desquamation occurred. The basement membrane became unevently thickened. Nuclei of enlarged fibroblasts in the tunica albuginea became irregular ellipsoid in shape, and the nuclear envelope was occasionally invaginated. Various cytoplasmic organelles of the fibroblasts were well-developed. Some abnormal invasion of cytoplasm into the nucleus was found in the interstitial cells showing the ultrastructural characteristics of steroid hormone synthesis. Various cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions invaded into the nucleus of these cells and the nuclear envelope sometimes disappeared locally. These interstitial cells contained a large number of irregular-shaped electron dense mitochondria with vesicular cristae, and numerous dilated vesicles of smooth-surfacedendoplasmic reticulum (SER). The cells of anovular follicles in the irradiated ovariesresembled, in fine structure, the granulosa cells in normal primary follicles of the non irradiated ovaries. These cells seem to be less affected by early postnatal irradiation. PMID- 1126323 TI - Biochemical studies on the peroxidase activity in the normal and hyperplastic thyroids of rats. AB - The total and specific activity of thyroid homogenate of normal rat was 0.95 times 10- minus 3 GU (guaiacol unit) per rat and 0.61 times 10- minus 3 GU per mg protein. These were increased 3.4 fold and 1.6 fold by chronic administration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and 5.1 fold and 2.5 fold by treatment with methylthiouracil (MTU), respectively. However, the soluble fractions, which were obtained by centrifugation at 105,000 xg for 120 min from the homogenates, manifested only 2-3% of the activity of the original homogenates, and the specific activity was scarcely affected by the administration of TSH and MTU. Moreover, even the low activity of the soluble fraction might be due to contaminated microsomes. None of the results obtained favors the view that the peroxidase is released from the cell to the colloid lumen. The number of peroxidase molecule per cell of thyroid was roughly estimated to be 1.5 times 10- minus 5 for normal and 3.9 times 10- minus 5 for MTU-treated rat. PMID- 1126324 TI - Differential hydrolysis of bovine parathyroid hormone and its N-terminal peptide by rat kidney. AB - Highly purified bovine parathyroid hormone (b-PTH 1-84) and its synthetic N terminal peptide (b-PTH 1-34) were labelled with 125-I and incubated with rat kidney homogenate at 37 degrees C for 1 hour to assess the degree of hydrolysis of the iodinated peptides through measurement of the increase of trichloroacetic acid soluble 125-I fraction. Rat kidney homogenate rapidly hydrolyzed b-PTH 1-84 but was scarcely effective in hydrolyzing b-PTH 1-34. When 125-I labelled b-PTH 1 84 and b-PTH 1-34 were injected intravenously in rats, hydrolysis in vivo of the former appeared to be much more rapid than that of the latter, as shown by the faster disappearance from plasma of trichloroacetic acid precipitable fraction. Incubation of b-PTH (1-84) with rat kidney homogenate caused a shift of 125-I PTH peak almost to the position of salt peak, while the position of 125-I b-PTH (1 34) was almost unchanged by incubation with rat kidney homogenate. N-terminal peptide of bovine parathyroid hormone thus appears to be less susceptible to hydrolytic degradation by rat tissue than the intact hormone, with resultant longer retention in the blood stream. PMID- 1126325 TI - Deciduoma formation in rats ovariectomized and androgenized during neonatal life. AB - When rats ovariectomized at 3 days of age and given a single injection of 1.25 mg testosterone propionate on the next day became 60 days old, they were given 3 daily injections of 0.2 mug estradiol-17 beta followed by 7 daily combined injections of 2 mg progesterone and 0.2 mug estradiol. Incidence of deciduomata in reaction to uterine trauma applied on the 4th day of the progesterone estradiol injections was almost as high as that in neonatally ovariectomized, non androgenized rats, but the response was significantly smaller in size in androgenized rats than in non-androgenized animals. If females similarly operated on were given injections of 0.1 mug estradiol for 30 days prior to 7 daily injections of progesterone-estradiol, deciduoma formation in androgenized rats was markedly reduced in both incidence and size of the response. In non androgenized group, deciduoma formation was not significantly affected by chronic administration of estradiol.Accordingly, it is likely that, although androgen injected during neonatal life is responsible for the reduction of uterine responsiveness in androgen-sterilized rats (Takewaki and Ohta, 1974) continued exposure of the uterus to estrogen may play a co-operative role in the event. PMID- 1126326 TI - Air pollution and environmental impact of highways and their construction: introduction. PMID- 1126327 TI - Contributions to an environmental impact statement. AB - Assessment of the effects on land use, social, economic, historic and natural environment as a result of highway construction are discussed. Predictions of these effects on the various categories twenty years hence are also presented. Information of this type is a necessary segment of an environment impact study soas to conform to EPAand Department of Rransportation (DOT) guidelines. PMID- 1126328 TI - The effect of a proposed transportation facility on noise levels in a suburban community. AB - A nine month study of current noise levels was made at twenty-two sites within a community in Eastern Pennsylvania to evaluate the noise pollution factors for a proposed highway. An attempt was made to correlateamnient noise levels for each day of theweek with each location. Computer programs were utilized for datareduction, statistical calculations, and prediction of future noise levels. The prediction analyses were composed of contour analyses, sensitive receptor sites analyses, and the "Do Nothing" analysis. Results indicated no noise pollution problems existed during the survey, but future noise levels may exceed Federal Standards for certain sections of the proposed alignments. Factors that cause the unacceptable future noise levels are identified and modifications may be incorporated for adherence to the standards. PMID- 1126329 TI - Ambient air pollutant analyses-integral part of an environmental impact study. AB - Data for the major pollutants; carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, photochemical oxidants, suspended particulates, and total hydrocarbons, have been presented. In addition, lead analysis and a justification for no sulfur oxides data are also discussed. This study was an integral part of an Environmental Impact Study carried out by the Chemistry Department and the Institute of Transportation Studies a Villanova University. Some of the pollutants were found to cause a situation of concern; namely, photochemical oxidants, suspended particulates and nitrogen oxides. On the otherhand, carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbons were found to be well below limits set by the EPA. Although no standards are set for lead in ambient air, the data showed very low concentrations of this pollutant in our particulate samples. Since oxides ofsulfur are more an industrial, rather than transportation, pollutant little relevance could have been found for the type of study performed. PMID- 1126330 TI - Distribution and properties of cholinesterases in subcellular fractions from rat jejunum and heart tissue. AB - Homogenates of rat jejunum and heart tissue in 0.3 M sucrose have been separated into different subcellular fractions by centrifugation. The distribution of cholinesterases in these two tissues is different. Acetylthiocholine (Ac), propionylthiocholine (Pc), and butyrylthiocholine (Bc) iodides were used as substrates. Using 1 mmol/1 Ac in the presence of hexafluorenium, a local anaesthetic drug, inhibition percentages of these subcellular cholinesterases were found to be different. The differences in the effect of hexafluorenium were most marked at a concentration of 5 mumol/1. Four electrophoretically distinct subcomponents of cholinesterase have been identified in different subcellular fractions from both jejunum and heart tissues. The electrophoretic profile, as determined by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, of different subcellular cholinesterases in these two tissues also appears to be different. PMID- 1126331 TI - Problems of quantities and units in enzymology. AB - A knowledge of the molecular structure of an enzyme makes it possible to characterize it by different types of "amount": number (of elementary entities), mass, volume, and amount of substance. Another type of amount is obtained by measuring the rate of reaction of a suitable substrate change elicited by the enzyme in a special defined assay mixture; this way of using the catalytic effect has lead international bodies to different definitions of (kind of) quantity and unit. Their problems are discussed. A coherent scheme of the most important kinds of quantities employed by the enzymologist is presented. The dangers of converting results with one type of assay method to those of another are explained. PMID- 1126332 TI - Phenylalanine hydroxylase from human kidney. AB - In this report the presence, and level, of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the cortex of human kidney is established. The average activity found in 15 surgically removed kidneys was 47.2 plus or minus 11.2 mU/g wet weight of tissue. The average value, determined under the same experimental conditions, for two human liver biopsies was 217 mU/g tissue. Of five autopsy livers obtained 2.5-4 h postmortem, four contained no activity, and only 1-2 percent of normal was found in the fifth. Autopsy kidneys were similarly inactive. The presence of a highly active degradative enzyme could not be demonstrated in autopsy liver homogenates; it was established that the lack of activity was not due to an inhibitory component. A possible interpretation of this phenomenon is discussed. According to work published elsewhere [13] the kidney and liver enzymes appear to be similar. Thus, surgically removed kidneys provide an alternative source of human phenylalanine hydroxylase which can be used to study phenylketonuria. PMID- 1126333 TI - Rhodanese activity during the embryonic development of mouse liver and kidney. AB - Changes in specific activity and total activity levels of rhodanese in mouse kidney and liver were studied during development of the embryo, neonate and adult. The enzyme profiles during embryonic development were different for kidney and liver. The kidney showed a lower but constant activity from day 11 to 15, then an increase to reach the fully differentiated level at birth. The liver specific activity increased linearly from day 11 to reach a maximum 1 day before birth. The level of rhodanese may be correlated with the onset of organogenesis. The kidney results are discussed in terms of a protodifferentiated level of activity followed by a biphasic increase in specific protein synthesis. PMID- 1126334 TI - Stability of membrane acetylcholinesterase in human erythrocytes treated with tetraphenylboron. AB - Treatment of human erythrocytes with non-hemolytic concentrations of tetraphenylboron causes irreversible inactivation of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme located at or near the outer cell surface. By contrast to other agents which also inactivate acetylcholinesterase activity such as 1,5-difluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene and glutaraldehyde, tetraphenylboron does not affect the thermostability of the enzyme, alter its susceptibility to denaturation by urea or hinder the proteolytic digestion of the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 1126335 TI - Glycolytic enzyme levels of intraocular fluids and lens as compared to the respective sera of various animal species. AB - The levels of glycolytic enzymes, aldolase, phosphohexose isomerase and lactic dehydrogenase, the latter as total and isozymes, were determined in the vitreous and aqueous humors and sera as well as in lens-saline extracts of the cat, Rhesus monkey, guinea pig, rabbit, rat and cattle. Although wide species differences were noted, the levels were generally lower in the aqueous as compared to the vitreous and serum. Aldolase and phosphohexose isomerase were invariably elevated in the lens of most species. The LDH isozyme patterns were quite unique in regard to the fluids and the species. The ratios of enzyme contents of the intraocular fluids to the respective sera were calculated and the findings compared. As tested in a few species, no remarkable enzyme differences could be discerned as a result of prior dark or light adaptation of the eyes. PMID- 1126336 TI - Tissue distribution and ontogenetic development of alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the pig. PMID- 1126337 TI - Rat liver isozymes in acute carbon tetrachloride and ethionine poisoning. AB - Changes in protein elution patterns and among others in the distribution profiles of some isozymes, as the lysosomal acid phosphatase, the microsomal alkaline phosphatase, the cytoplasmic fraction of aspartate aminotransferase and some fractions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, have been found in liver experimental fatty change induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride and ethionine. The possible meaning of these changes is discussed. PMID- 1126338 TI - Identity of rat kidney and urine alkaline phosphatase actions and relation to the effect of nitrofuranfuradroxyl. AB - The activities of alkaline phosphatases of kidney and urine appear similar and identical in action. Both are magnesium-dependent and inhibited by higher concentrations of 2-glycerophosphate. A band of similar mobility is obtained on electrophoresis of kidney and urine enzymes. In vitro magnesium competitively inhibits their activities when the ratio of Mg-+2 ions/2-glycerophosphate is above a definite level. Their activities are not affected by exogenous zinc and follow the Michaelis-Menten equation only when attention is given to the ratio of Mg-+2 ions/substrate. Nitrofuranfuradroxyl is a mixed type inhibitor showing a second-order rate of reaction with kidney and urine phosphatases. PMID- 1126339 TI - Studies on aryl phosphate hydrolysis by human acid phsophatases. AB - Acid phosphatases from human tissues were investigated with respect to the cleavage of six different aryl phosphates. The enzymes, except the prostatic one, showed increasing Km values with increasing substrate concentrations at a constant pH. Electrophilic substitution of the aromatic ring lowered the reaction velocity, but apparently did not change the Km. The optimum hydrolysis was at pH 3.0--6.0 without any regular pattern, which could depend on the substrate configuration. PMID- 1126340 TI - Metabolism of trans-3-hexadecenoic acid in broad bean. AB - 1. Broad bean (Vicia faba) leaves contain rather high concentrations (about 4% of total fatty acids) of the trans-3-hexadecenoic acid. 2. Amounts of the acid increase with the age of the leaves and are absent from etiolated tissue. 3. Changes in the levels of trans-delta-4-hexadecenoic acid can be produced by subjecting the intact plants to various light/dark periods. 4. Chloroplasts isolated from broad-bean leaves show high rates of fatty acid synthesis from [1 14C]acetate. Synthesis is dependent on coenzyme A and ATP but is insensitive to the addition of exogenous acyl carrier protein. 5. The pattern of acids made includes about 20% palmitic, 5% hexadeconoic, 10% stearic and 60% oleic. trans-3 Hexadecenoic acid synthesis was most active in chloroplasts from plants exposed to the dark for 5 days and light for 3 days. 6. Arsenite addition inhibited stearate formation by isolated chloroplasts but resulted in a two-fold stimulation of overall synthesis. 7. The rate of fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplasts paralleled the changes in endogenous trans-3-hexadecenoic acid levels in the leaves from which they were isolated. PMID- 1126341 TI - Specific tritiation of indole derivatives by catalytic desulfenylation. Application to the labelling of tryptophan-containing peptides. AB - A new method for tritiating indole derivatives was studied. The procedure consisted first of the formation of an o-nitrophenylsulfenyl tryptophanyl derivative by reacting the compound with o-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride; then the sulfenylated product was submitted to catalytic hydrogenolysis in the presence of tritium gas. This latter reaction led to the desulfenylation of the compound and permitted the replacement of the thioether function by a tritium atom. By this procedure l-tryptophan, N-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide and a gastin-like pentapeptide derivative, Boc-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe(NH2), have been tritiated; 15, 16 and 7 Ci/mmol have been obtained respectively. The labelled compounds have retained the properties of the native materials. PMID- 1126342 TI - The binding of tritiated elongation factors 1 and 2 to ribosomes from Krebs II mouse ascites tumor cells. AB - Tritiated elongation factors 1 and 2 (EF-1 and EF-2) were obtained from Krebs II ascites cells which had been grown in mice injected with radioactive amino acids. The highly purified factors were sufficiently radioactive to be used in a study of the interactions between ribosomes and elongation factors. The following results were obtained. 1. EF-1 binding to ribosomes requires the presence of a polynucleotide, an aminoacyl-tRNA specified by the latter and a guanosine nucleotide carrying three phosphate groups. The hydrolysis of the GTP molecule involved in the binding reaction leads to the immediate release of EF-1. If GTP is replaced by Guo-5'-P2-CH2-P the factor remains bound to the ribosome and can be detected by sucrose gradient centrifugation techniques. 2. Likewise EF-2 binding to ribosomes can only be detected in the presence of GUO-5'-P2-CH2-P. 3. The affinity of ribosomes for EF-2 appears to be higher than for EF-1: PREINCUBATION OF RIBOSOMES WITH EF-2 inhibits the subsequent attachment of EF-1 almost completely. EF-1 prebound to ribosomes in the presence of GUO-5'-P2-CH2-P, POLY(URIDYLIC ACID) AND Phe-tRNA-Phe is partially removed from the ribosomes together with Phe-tRNA during a second incubation with EF-2. 4. Although EF-2 binding to ribosomes precludes any stable association between ribosomes and EF-1 it does not prevent the insertion of aminoacyl-tRNA into the ribosomal A-site. The attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA under these conditions enhances the binding of EF-2 to the ribosome. 5. The antibiotic showdomycin strongly inhibits the attachment of EF-1 to ribosomes and to a lesser degree impairs the binding of EF 2. 6. A-site ribosomes display a strong preference for the attachment of EF-2 and bind EF-1 only very poorly. The reverse is true for P-site ribosomes which are good substrates for the binding of EF-1 and bind EF-2 less efficiently than A site ribosomes. These results and a number of additional findings made in this and in previous studies are discussed in the general context of the structure and function of mammalian elongation factors 1 and 2. PMID- 1126343 TI - [Purification of kappa-caseins from sheep. Analysis of the glycan and peptide components (author's transl)]. AB - Starting from whole individual ovine casein prepared according to the method of Shahani, K. M. & Sommer, H. H. [J. Dairy Sci. 34, 1003-1009 (1951)], kappa-casein was isolated and purified by successive steps of chromatography on columns of dextran gel and hydroxyapatite. On filtration through Sephadex G-150 in a buffer containing urea, the bulk of the kappa-casein behaved as aggregates appearing in the void volume. Dissociation of these aggregates by reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds with 2-mercaptoethanol, followed by a second filtration step on Sephadex G-150 in the presence of both urea and 2-mercaptoethanol, resulted in retardation of the kappa-casein, with separation from a contaminant representing 10-12% of the material applied. Further purification was achieved by chromatography on hydroxyapatite which eliminated the alpha-s- and beta-caseins. The purified kappa-casein had a molecular weight of about 20000, an absorption coefficient (see journal for formula) at 280 nm of 10.85 and a sialic acid and phosphorous content of 0.3% (w/w) each. The sugar fraction liberated on acid hydrolysis of the caseinomacropeptide showed the presence of N acetylgalactosamine, galactose and neuraminic acid in equimolar ratio. Neuraminic acid existed mainly as the N-glycolyl derivative. The polypeptide chain of the ovine kappa-casein was composed of about 170 amino-acids residues. Compared to bovine kappa-caseins, the most notable difference was the presence of one additional cysteinyl and four additional aspartyl residues. Starch-gel and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis clearly revealed the heterogeneity of ovine kappa-casein. Chromatographic fractionation of whole kappa-casein on DEAE cellulose also led to the separation of several fractions, the main characteristics of which are presented. Analysis of these fractions indicated that only those components which were firmly bound to DEAE-cellulose were glycosylated. PMID- 1126344 TI - The reversible flexion contracture as a sign of peripheral nerve lesion. AB - Three cases were observed with the same substantial clinical features: flexion contracture of the third, fourth, and fifth finger and less extensive of the wrist. The contracture appeared after a mechanical injury not related to the involved muscles. In two cases the lesion was situated above or in the elbow region, in the third on the ulnar border of the forearm. In all cases there were some ulnar nerve signs and symptoms but the contracture involved flexor muscles which were co-innervated by the median nerve. The signs and symptoms improved or disappeared entirely after neurolysis. The question is raised, whether the contracture is due to peripheral nerves damage. PMID- 1126345 TI - Histochemical investigations on the presence of acetylcholinesterase and succinic dehydrogenase in fetal human spinal cord and brain stem at different stages of development. AB - A comparison has been made of the localization and ontogenetic development of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) in sections of fetal human apinal cord and brain stem using histochemical methods. Spinal cord sections of young fetuses (8-10 weeks in utero) showed low to moderate enzymatic activity whereas sections of older fetuses (12-18 weeks in utero) revealed high concentrations of AChE and SDH in the ventral and laeral horns. A similar increase in enzymatic activity during development was also observed in brain stem sections where AChE and SDH were mainly confined to cranial nerve nuclei. A comparison of our histochemical findings with investigations on the development of motor activity in the spinal cord suggests that there is a correlation between the increase in AChE activity and functional development. PMID- 1126346 TI - Neuromuscular failure in myotonic rats. AB - Myotonia-like activity was recorded from various muscles of rats treated with 25 azacholesterol for a period of 2-8 weeks. 50% of myotonic rats showed a decline of amplitude of the evoked muscle potentials of the flexor digitorum muscle on stimulation of the median nerve with supramaximal stimuli at frequencies of 3, 5, 8, 15 or 50 cps. Administration of prostigimine increased neuromuscular failure. This temporary paresis of myotonic muscle resembles the transient impediment of motility of myotonic patients and it is entirely different from myasthenic transmission defect. PMID- 1126347 TI - Comparative quantitation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of children. AB - Report on quantitation of IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 84 children at different ages. A relation was shown between the content of IgG in CSF and serum depending on age. The decrease of the ratio CSF-IgG/serum-IgG as well as of the total protein in the CSF during the first trimenon points out a post-partal impediment of the diffusion from the blood to the CSF compartment. Beyond the first year of life the ratio of the concentrations mostly remains constant. Measurements in 135 children suffering from several neurological diseases showed that quantitation of IgG is of value only in case of suspicion of encephalitis with local synthesis of IgG. PMID- 1126348 TI - 'Iatrogenic' brain stem infarction. A complication of x-ray examination of the cervical spine and following posterior tamponation of the nose. AB - Two patients sustained an ischemic brain stem infarction during medical examination and treatment. The first patient lost consciousness and the spontaneous respiration ceased during X-ray examination of the cervical spine when the neck was hyperextended. After some minutes he regained conciousness but was found to be tetraplegic, and the patient deceased 4 months later. The angiogram revealed thrombosis of the basilar artery. The other patient had profuse nosebleed and was treated with posterior tamponation during which she sat for about 10 min with the neck hyperextended. Some hours after this procedure symptoms and signs of lateral caudal brain stem infarction emerged. PMID- 1126349 TI - Teacher attitudes and the labeling process. PMID- 1126350 TI - Camp counseling with emotionally disturbed adolescents. PMID- 1126351 TI - Special education as a vocational choice: influences and values. PMID- 1126352 TI - Costs and benefits of training educable students: the Kansas Work-Study Project reconsidered. PMID- 1126353 TI - Intracardiac conduction defects following overdose of tricyclic antidepressant drugs. AB - Atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction were assessed in 4 patients with tricyclic antidepressant overdosage. The proximal or A-V nodal conduction (A-H) was normal, but 3 patients showed a drug-related increase in the QRS duration and His-Purkinje (H-V) conduction time. One patient with a normal H-V interval had a normal width QRS. The findings were independent of the heart rate and suggested a "quinidine-like effect" of the tricyclic drugs when ingested in suicidal doses. All 4 patients had normal intracardic conduction when restudied 8 days later. Procainamide and quinidine have similar effects on the intracardiac conduction and would appear undesirable in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with tricyclic overdosage. Practolol in a dose of 20 mg by intravenous injection reduced the heart rate and caused a relative increase in the A-H interval but did not affect either the distal atrioventricular or intraventricular conduction. Although there was a slight drop in blood pressure, it may be a safer drug to use. PMID- 1126354 TI - New manifestations of dual A-V nodal pathways. AB - Electrophysiological studies with extrastimulus technique demonstrated evidence of dual A-V pathways in two patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). In case one, the second P of paced Wenckebach sequences was followed by two conducted QRS complexes without an intervening P wave. The A-H of the first and second QRS were consistent with the fast and slow pathway conduction times. The second QRS was followed by an atrial echo and PSVT, suggesting that the first pathway was available for retrograde propagation following the second QRS. In case two, PSVT was induced with atrial extrastimulus, followed by development of A-V dissociation. The two cases suggest the following conclusions: (1) dual A-V nodal pathways may allow the occurrence of double antegrade conduction of one P; (2) the atria are not necessary for A-V nodal circus movements in "dual pathway" A-V nodal reentrant PSVT. PMID- 1126355 TI - Aberrant origin of left pulmonary artery (vascular sling). Report of the clinical and anatomic features in three patients. AB - The clinical and anatomical findings in 3 patients with aberrant origin of the left pulmonary artery from the right pulmonary artery ("vascular sling") are presented. All 3 children symptoms of severe respiratory distress shortly after birth. In 2 children the correct diagnosis was suggested from the roentgenogram of the thorax, because of an indentation in the anterior wall of the esophagus. The diagnosis was further endorsed by selective angiography of the aberrant left pulmonary artery. The second patient is of particular interest, since the correct diagnosis was missed because of the presence of a multitude of associated anomalies. These included a tracheobronchial anomaly, a ventricular septal defect with a dilated pulmonary trunk, and a left-ward shift of the heart secondary to pulmonary emphysema on the right. Therefore, the indentation in the esophagus was absent, while the shift and rotation of the heart led to a misinterpretation of the exact course of the left pulmonary artery on the angiocardiogram. These cases are presented to reemphasize that "vascular sling", although rare, is indeed a serious cause of respiratory distress in infancy. Early recognition is of vital importance, since surgical repair of the vascular anomaly seems to be the only benificial procedure in these patients. PMID- 1126356 TI - Tricyclic antidepressive drugs and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from rat brain striatum. AB - Tricyclic antidepressant drugs were examined as inhibitors of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in a cell-free homogenate of rat brain striatum. Amitriptyline (Ki 0.17 muM) and doxepin (Ki 0.24 muM) were found to be potent inhibitors of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase, chlorimipramine (Ki 0.59 muM) and nortriptyline (Ki 0.50 muM) were moderate inhibitors and imipramine, desmethylimipramine, protriptyline and melitracene were weak inhibitors with Ki values higher than 1 muM. PMID- 1126357 TI - Dependence of the cardiac uptake of digitalis glycosides on the extracellular calcium concentration in guinea pig isolated hearts. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate, at the myocardial level, the divergent influences of Ca2+ on the action of various cardiotonic steroids. Therefore, the cardiac uptake of 3-H-digitoxin and 3-H-digitoxin was studied in experiments on guinea pig isolated hearts. The following results were obtained: with digitoxin the increase of the extracellular calcium concentration from 0.45 upto 7.2 mM resulted in a concomitant decrease of the myocardial glycoside uptake from about 1.8 nmoles/g wet weight down to about 1.2 nmoles/g wet weight. Similar results were obtained when digoxin uptake was studied under the same conditions: with 0.45 mM Ca2+ about 0.6 nmoles/g wet weight were bound, increasing the calcium concentration upto 7.2 mM lead to a concomitant decrease of the cardiac digoxin uptake down to about 0.45 nmoles/g wet weight. Despite the different physicochemical behaviour of these two drugs and the different amounts of drug present in the hearts the influence of Ca2+ was almost identical if calculated on a relative basis. So far, no experimental based explanation can be given for the above discrepancies. Other possible interpretations are discussed. PMID- 1126358 TI - Influence of adenosine and lowered cerebral blood flow on the cerebrovascular effects of theophylline. AB - The response of brain blood vessels to theophylline infused intra-arterially was evaluated. The experiments were performed on isolated canine brains perfused by donor dogs. Thus secondary effects due to theophylline were eliminated. Arterial pO2, pCO2, pH and brain temperature were kept constant. Cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) was calculated from total venous outflow and cerebral perfusion pressure. A 2 mg dose of theophylline per brain was given at normal cerebral perfusion pressure (about 81 mm Hg), at lowered cerebral perfusion pressure (about 37 mm Hg), and during an adenosine infusion lasting 10 min (10-minus 7 mol/min). At normal perfusion pressure theophylline showed a significant 15% decrease of CVR, but at lowered perfusion pressure a significant 19% increase occurred. During infusion of adenosine, which decreased CVR by 23%, theophylline again increased CVR by 20%, thus demonstrating an adenosine-theophylline antagonism. From our results, it is suggested that adenosine could be involved in the vasodilatation of cerebral vessels in the hypoxic brain. PMID- 1126359 TI - Analysis of ergotamine - 5-HT interaction on the isolated rat stomach preparation. AB - The effect of ergotamine on the isolated rat stomach and its influence on the response to ACh and 5-HT were investigated. The log dose-response curve of ergotamine was bell-shaped. Extension of the incubation time of ergotamine resulted in a parallel shift to the left of the curve. The response to ergotamine was inhibited by methyserigide and piperoxan. Incubation with ergotamine resulted in a decrease of the pD2-value of 5-HT together with a marked suppression of the maximum of the 5-HT curve. The response to ACh was affected in accordance with the prediction of an action of ACh and ergotamine on different receptors. The prolonged receptor stimulation by 5-HT or ACh resulted in a decrease of the apparent affinity towards their receptors. Incubation with ACh resulted in a parallel shift to the right of the 5-HT curve. However no inconsistency with the theoretical prediction of an action on separate receptors was observed with the ACh curve in the presence of 5-HT. It is concluded that ergotamine is a partial agonist on the D-tryptamine receptors of tbe isolated rat stomach. The marked decrease of the maximum of the 5-HT curve by ergotamine is probably caused by the slowly reversible character of its antagonism. The parallel shift to the left of the ergotamine curve with the extension of the incubation time and the persistence of its antagonism both are probably caused by a slow diffusion into and from the biophase. PMID- 1126360 TI - Effects of papaverine on isolated rabbit papillary muscle. AB - The effect of papaverine on the positive inotropic response to isopreqaline and to calcium was studied on the rabbit isolated papillary muscle; theophylline and the calcium antagonistic D600 were used for comparison. The dose-response curve for isoprenaline was shifted to the left by papaverine (3 times 10- minus 6 to 3 times 10- minus 5 M), in a dose-dependent manner, while that for calcium was not affected by the same concentration. In this respect papaverine was about 30 times more potent than theophylline. In the presence of papaverine isoprenaline induced arrhythmic contractions of the papillary muscle: the incidence of arrhythmic contractions was positively correlated to the concentration of papaverine. Papaverine 10- minus 5 to 10- minus 4 M caused only a positive inotropic response whereas 3 times 10- minus 4 to 10- minus 3 M induced a biphasic response, i.e., after a positive inotropic effect followed a negative one. In the presence of 3 times 10- minus 4 M papaverine isoprenaline failed to cause a positive inotropic response but exclusively induced arrhythmic contractions. Calcium, on the other hand, readily antagonized the negative inotropic effect of papaverine (3 times 10 minus 4 M) and caused a contracture of the papillary muscle. The results indicate that papaverine (3 times 10- minus 6 to 10- minus 5 M) like theophylline (10- minus 4 to 10- minus 3 M) produces its effect by phosphodiesterase inhibition and thereby specifically potentiates the response through beta adrenoceptor stimulation. In higher concentrations (3 times 10- minus 4 to 10- minus 3 M) it acts as a calcium antagonistic, like D600, and furthermore may interact with calcium moving through myocardial cell membranes to cause a contracture via a mechanism which it shares with theophylline. PMID- 1126361 TI - Evaluation of dopamine metabolism in rat striatum by a gas chromatographic technique. AB - Dopamine metabolism in rat striatum was evaluated by gas chromatographic quantitation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA). The level of DOPAC (5.21 nmoles/g plus or minus 0.40 S.E.M., n equals 12) exceeded that HVA (3.63 nmoles/g plus or minus 0.25 S.E.M., n equals 12). 2 hr following administration of probenecid (200 mg/kg i.p.) the level of striatal HVA was approximately doubled whereas the level of DOPAC was not significantly elevated. Pargyline (75 mg/kg i.p.) poduced a rapid depletion of DOPAC and HVA. the rate of disappearance of DOPAC (t1/2 equals 10 min) exceeded that of HVA (t1/2 equals 18 min). Rates of metabolite formation were computed assuming steady state kinetics. The rate formation of DOPA (20.5 nmoles/g/hr) was much greater than that of HVA (10.1 nmoles/g/hr). We conclude that DOPAC is the major dopamine metabolite in rat striatum and that its measurement may provide the best index of functional neuronal activity in this species. PMID- 1126362 TI - Differential effects of D- and L-amphetamine and methylphenidate on rat striatal dopamine biosynthesis. AB - Methylphenidate and the optical isomers of amphetamine have differential effects, in vivo and in vitro on rat striatal synaptosomal dopamine (DA) biosynthesis. Whereas the systemic administration of D- or L-amphetamine produces a dose dependent decrease in synaptosomal DA synthesis, with ED50's of 1.1 and 3.5 mg/kg, respectively, methylphenidate, at doses which produce comparable degrees of stereotypes behavior, has no effect on this measure of DA biosynthesis. In vitro, D- and L-amphetamine exhibit a three-fold difference in ED50's (1 times 10 minus 6 M and 3 times 10-minus 6 M, respectively) with respect to both activation of striatal synpatosomal DA synthesis, and to reversal of reserpine-induced inhibition of DA synthesis. In contrast, although in vitro methylphenidate can partially activate DA synthesis, it does not overcome the reserpeine-induced inhibition. The data are discussed in terms of the possible differential mechanisms by which these two types of stimulants may exert their effects on sterotypy. PMID- 1126363 TI - Behavioral effects of d-amphetamine and caffeine in the squirrel monkey. AB - Four Squirrel monkeys were trianed on a bar-press response with reinforcement available every 80 sec. The effects of d-amphetamine and caffeine upon this response were studied in both light and dark. In addition to differential drug effects it was found that both illumination and sex of the subjects were important variables. PMID- 1126364 TI - Direct myocardial depressant effects of gentamicin. AB - Effects of gentamicin on myocardial contractile performance were examined in isolated, electrically driven, rat left atria. This aminoglycoside antibiotic produced a maintained and concentration-dependent (0.0156-0.25 mM) depression of myocardial contractile tension that was reversible by replacing the incubation media with gentamicin-free solution. Time to peak tension and total contraction time were not discernibly altered by gentamicin. The negative inotropic response elicited by gentamicin was antagonized in a competivitive-like manner by increasing the calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration of the bathing solution, whereas, the depressant effects of gentamicin were antagonized by norepinephrine in a non competitive-like manner. Present findings demonstrate a direct negative inotropic effect of gentamicin and suggest that this antibiotic interferes with the participation of Ca2+ in the events leading to mecahnical activity of atrial myocardium. PMID- 1126365 TI - Drug effects in a novel biphasic writing syndrome induced by acetylcholine in mice. AB - The writing induced in mice by i.p. administration of 3 mg/kg acetylcholine chloride showed a biphasic response with time. The primary phase of 1-15 sec after acetylcholine appeared to be the result of nicotinic receptor stimulation. The secondary phase from 30 sec following acetylcholine was selectively suppressed by anti-inflammatory agents and by atropine, while centrally acting analgesicw, other strong central nervous system drugs and ganglion blockers suppressed both phases of writhing to an equal extent. The narcotic partial agonists significantly suppressed primary writhing more readily. The method appears to be of value in testing new pharmacological agents. PMID- 1126366 TI - Haloperidol-induced disruption of conditioned avoidance responding: attenuation by prior training or by anticholinergic drugs. AB - Rats injected daily with haloperidol (0.15 mg/kg) failed to acquire a one-way avoidance response over a 9 day period (10 trails/day). When these animals were subsequently tested without haloperidol, on the first drug-free day they preformed as well as animals given saline throughout the training period and significantly better than naive saline-treated animals on the first day of training. The performance of rats which were trained for two days before receiving haloperidol was only partly blocked by the drug, while animals trained for 9 days before drug administration were immune to the disruptive effects. Three anticholinergic (muscarinic) drugs, atropine (10 mg/kg), scopolamine (1 mg/kg) and benztropine (2 mg/kg) significantly reversed the effect of haloperidol on the acquisition of the nigroneostriatal projection and support the view that this system is critically involved in the acquistion of learned instrumental responses. The nature of the avoidance deficit produced by these treatments is discussed with reference to the possibility that they selectively block the initiation of boluntary motor responses. According to this hypothesis, the failure of these teratments to disrupt escape responding may be due to the fact that the unconditioned stimulus generates reflexive motor responses (flinch, jump, etc.) which are sufficient to begin the motoric sequences that cannot be initiated voluntarily in response to the conditioned stimulus. PMID- 1126367 TI - Prostaglandins, antipyretic analgesics and adrenergic stimuli on the isolated artery. AB - In untreated, and cocaine- and DOCA-treated rabbit ear arteries, PGE2 and arachidonic depressed to responses to intramural sympathetic nerve stimulation. Constrictor responses to extraluminal NA in the treated arteries were also depressed. A comparison of its inhibitory potency on the two types of responses suggest that the effects of arachidonic acid, but not PGE2 on adrenergic nerve stimuli, were selectively blocked by aspirin 200 mug/ml and by indomethacin 3 mu/ml. In these concentrations, aspirin, but not indomethacin, enhanced the magnitude of the resoonses to the stimuli. Aspirin also selectively reduced the inhibition by arachidonic acid of the response to extraluminal NA (tested in cocaine0 and DOCA-treated arteries). PMID- 1126368 TI - Norepinephrine-induced depolarization of skeletal muscle cells. AB - I.v. administration of norepinephrine to anesthetized hamsters was followed by a significant depolarization of the cell membranes of skeletal muscle (gracilis anticus and sartorius). The occurrence of this depolarization in consistent with the suggestion that changes in ionic distribution across the cell membrane are associated with activation of non-shivering thermogenesis in muscle cells as has been proposed for brown adipocytes. PMID- 1126369 TI - Enhancement of picrotoxin convulsions in chicks and mice by the prior intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic GABA or mannitol. AB - Effects of i.p. injection of hypertonic solutions of GABA and mannitol on convulsant activity and latency to reduced or enhanced depending on whether picrotoxin was given i.p. or given i.v. or s.c. The principal cause of these changes appeared to be altered rates of absorption of picrotoxin. There was no evidence that cerebral dehydration afforded protection against picrotoxin. PMID- 1126370 TI - Diazepam as a discriminative cue: its antagonism by bemegride. AB - Gerbils trained to respond differentially to the presence or absence of diazepam (8.0 mg/kg) in a T-maze showed a dose-related antagonism when challenged with bemegride (5.0-40.0 mg/kg). Gerbils trained with a mixture of diazepam (8.0 mg/kg) and bemegride (20.0 mg/kg) evidenced response control more slowly than the group trained solely with diazepam. PMID- 1126371 TI - Induction of drinking by insulin in the rat. AB - Unanesthetized rats were injected i.v. either with commercial regular insulin, or the diluting fluid of the commercial insulin solution used, or with 0.9 percent NaCl, and placed in individual cages containing no food. Water intake was measured for 2 hr. Injection of the hyposmolar diluting fluid containing glycerol and phenol slightly, but significantly, enhanced the water intake. Insulin in doses from 0.05 to 43.0 U/kg induced an additional drinking response, while 0.02 U/kg had no effect. A linear log dose--response for insulin-induced drinking was obtained between 0.05 and 21.0 U/kg. Small doses of insulin, thus, undoubtly, enhance water intake. Insulin could play a minor role in body water honeostasis in mammals. PMID- 1126372 TI - Effects of various psychoative drugs on the metabolism of delta tetrahydrocannabinol by rats in vitro and in vivo. AB - Metabolism of 14C-tetrahydrocannabinol (14C-THC) by rat liver microsomal preparations in vitro was studied in the absence and presence of other psychoative drugs. Disappearance of 14C-THC, and changes in metabolite patterns as shown by thin layer chromatography, were studied. SKF 525-A, pentobarbital, phenobarbital and amphetamine all produced an apparently non-competitive inhibition of THC metabolism. The inhibition produced by meprobamate was at least partly competitive. Morphine and mescaline had no evident effect. SKF 525-A and the barbiturates markedly decreased the concentrations of all the major THC metabolites found in the incubation media. In contrast, none of the drugs tested in vivo, with the exception of SKF 525-A, had any effect on the biliary 14C excretion or metabolite pattern, or on final tissue levels of 14C, when administered in doses comparable to those used for studies of interaction with THC in vivo. SKF 525-A, however, did markedly decrease the excretion of total 14C and alter the pattern of THC metabolities in the bile, and increased the final tissue 14C levels. It is concluded that in vivo interactions between THC and other psychoactive drugs are probably not explainable primarily on the basis of altered THC metabolism. PMID- 1126373 TI - Acute and chronic effects of beta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on seizures in the gerbil. AB - Beta9-THC was injected daily for 6 days into gerbils from our breeding colony that exhibit spontaneous epileptiform seizures. At a dose of 20 mg/kg no effect was seen on the latency, duration or severity of the seizures induced after 1 and 6 days of treatment. Delta9-THC (50 mg/kg) completely abolished the seizures after a single injection but tolerance developed to this effect so that no protection was afforded after 6 daily doses. Severe toxic signs were evident at the higher dose level with marked depression of spontaneous motor activity. The toxic effect increased progressively with chronic treatment and half the animals failed to survive. PMID- 1126374 TI - Adrenaline-induced cardiovascular changes after intrahypothalamic administration to rats. AB - Adrenaline caused a decrease in arterial blood pressure and heart rate when injected into the anterior thalamic region of rats. The size and the duration of these effects depended upon the dose of adrenaline injected. Adrenaline is 10 times more potent than noradrenaline in inducing these intrahypothalamic effects on cardiovascular parameters. These data support the concept of the relevance of adrenaline receptors in central autonomic regulation. PMID- 1126375 TI - The effect of LSD and 2-bromo LSD on the DOPA accumulation after central and peripheral decarboxylase inhibition. AB - LSD and BOL were found to be equally potent in increasing the rat brain DOPA accumulation after decarboxylase inhibition. However, at the doses selected, the DOPA levels after haloperidol and apomorphine were increased by LSD but not by BOL. It is suggested that this difference is due to LSD's activating effect on central serotoninergic receptors. PMID- 1126376 TI - Contrasting local effects of MAO inhibitors on caudate tremor activities. AB - Hindlimb tremor was produced in chronic cats by intracaudate microinjection of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors tranylcypromine and harmaline throughout a range of doses (150-385 mug). Pargyline, however, was non-tremorgenic within the same range, suggesting that interference with MAO is not sufficient in itself to elicit tremor. Tranylcypromine tremors differed from those of harmaline by exhibiting a slower onset, longer duration and susceptibility to antagonism by hemicholinium. In contrast, ongoing cholinergic tremors following intracaudate physostigmine were variably suppressed by all three MAO inhibitors at comparable dose levels (175-200 mug); pargyline produced the most complete suppression. These results indicate that MAO inhibitors can modify tremor activities in a differential manner dependent both on the functional state of the caudate nucleus and on the ability of cartain MAO inhibitors to exert other local actions. PMID- 1126377 TI - The effect of hydrocortisone phosphate, methylprednisolone and phenytoin on pancreatic insulin release and hepatic glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase activity in the rat. AB - Following i.v. injection of glucose to rats, blood was collected from the carotid artery and the portal vein, and insulin was determined by radioimmunoassay. Pancreatic insulin release and hepatic insulin extraction were increased following the administration of glucocorticoid drugs and reduced following phenytoin. Hepatic glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase activity (GITA) was measured in each animal and found to be increased after glucocorticoid therapy but unaffected by phenytoin. In alloxan-diabetic rats, GITA was significantly increased following treatment with both methylprednisolone and phenytoin compared with control alloxan-diabetic rats. This is suggestive evidence that both these drugs can initiate an increase in GITA. It is concluded that the markedly raised GITA in steroid-treated non-diabetic rats is the combined result of a drug induced effect plus the major inducing effect of an increased hepatic uptake of insulin on insulin degradation, whereas the main effect of phenytoin is a reduction of pancreatic insulin release. PMID- 1126378 TI - The action of amantadine on the rat uterus: its interaction with oxytocin and the effects of several ionic modifications of the medium. AB - The influence of amantadine on the contractile responses of the rat uterus to oxytocin in the presence of several ionic modifications of the external medium was studied both in situ and in vivo. Oxytocic effects of amantadine were observed in vivo (1 and 5 mg/kg), and in vitro (9.3 times 10-7 M to 2.8 times 10 6 M); possible competitive partial potentiation of the contractile effect of oxytocin was also observed. Amantadine, 9.35 times 10-6, 1.3 times 10-5 and 1.8 times 10-5 M, significantly reduced oxytocic activity. Calcium ions antagonized the oxytocic and antioxytocic effects of amantadine. Excess K+ and the presence of Mg2+ ions (1.8 mM/l and 1.08 mM/l respectively) reversed the antioxytocic effect of amantadine. Propranolol also reversed the antioxytocic effect of amantadine. It is postulated that the oxytocic effect of amantadine may be related to antagonism of calcium; antioxytocic activity may be explained by stabilization of the resting cell membrane, inhibiting ionic flow, and also by its catecholamine-liberating activity. PMID- 1126379 TI - Role of prostaglandins in tone and effector reactivity of the isolated rat stomach preparation. AB - The influence of indomethacin (2 mug/ml) on the tone and on the response to ACh, 5-HT and tryptamine of the stomach strip preparation from normal and Essential Fatty Acid Deficient (EFAD) rats was examined. The pD2 value of ACh and 5-HT, but not of tryptamine, was significantly lower on the preparations obtained from EFAD rats than on those from normal rats. Contradictory results were obtained with respect to the influence of indomethacin on the pD2 value of ACh, 5-HT and tryptamine. No significant difference in initial tone and contractility of the stomach strips of both groups of rats was observed. However, the tone of the strips from normal rats increased with time. Preparations from EFAD rats showed a gradual decrease of the tome with time. Pre-incubation with indomethacin reduced the tone of strips from both groups of rats to a comparable extent. Thus further support is provided for the proposed role of prostaglandins in the maintenance of the tone of isolated smooth muscle. The possibility is raised that prostaglandins might not be predominantly involved in the generation of the initial tone and also not substantially contribute to the effector reactivity of the organ. PMID- 1126380 TI - CNS site of antiarrhythmic action of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in the cat. AB - Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) is known to be a potent anticonvulsant agent, useful in treating and preventing grand mal seizures. More recently, DPH was reported also to be a potent antiarrhythmic agent acting by means of a depressant action on the heart. The present experiments demonstrated that DPH has also a potent antiarrhythmic action when administered to the CNS. The posterolateral hypothalamus was stimulated in cats to evoke cardiac arrhythmias of varying severity both during and after stimulation. In general, it was found that the post-stimulus arrhythmias were obtained more readily than those during stimulation. The mean effective dose of DPH required to prevent the arrhythmias via the i.v. route was 11.9 mg/kg, and that via the vertebral artery route and via the fourth ventricular route was only 1.9--1.4 and 1.4 mg/kg, respectively. These results suggest that though DPH has identifiable antiarrhythmic action on the heart itself it has a strong antiarrhythmic effect via the central nervous system as well. PMID- 1126381 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on pulmonary vascular resistance in intact dog, swine and lamb. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on pulmonary vascular resistance in the intact dog, swine and lamb were studied using a right heart catheterization technique to isolate and perfuse the left lower lung lobe at controlled blood flow. Infusion of PGE2 into the lobar artery increased lobar arterial perfusion pressure but did not alter pressure in the left atrium in all 3 species. The increase in lobar arterial pressure was associated with a rise in pressure in the small intrapulmonary lobar vein in the dog but no change in pressure in these veins in the swine and lamb. Infusion of PGE2 into the iliac artery produced a marked decrease in perfusion pressure in the hindlimb of the dog. The effects of PGE2 on the canine lung occurred in the absence of any significant change in arterial blood gases, pH, hematocrit or rate and volume of respiration, and this substance increased pulmonary vascular resistance when the lung was perfused with dextran instead of blood. These results show that in dog, swine and lamb, PGE2 increases pulmonary vascular resistance; however, the site of vasoconstriction is different in the dog and swine or lamb. In the swine and lamb vasoconstriction occurred primarily in vessels upstream to the small veins, presumably small arteries, whereas in the dog lung, the pre- and postcapillary vessels were actively constricted by this naturally occurring substance. PMID- 1126382 TI - Dyskinetic phenomena caused by the intrastriatal injection of phenylethylamine, phenylpiperazine, tetrahydroisoquinoline and tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives in the guinea pig. AB - The intrastriatal injection of dopamine-like compounds in the guinea pig caused the development of abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesias) which were observed as facial grimacing, biting/gnawing/licking, severe hear and neck twisting, limb movements, whole body rocking, head and neck rocking and marked locomotor hyperactivity. With the exception of the whole body and head and neck rocking movements the dyskinesias were specifically induced by dopamine-like agents. The most conspicuous dyskinesias which followed the administration of phenylethylamine derivatives were the movements of biting/gnawing/licking and the development of marked locomotor hyperactivity. This effect was shown to be highly specific for dopamine. Tetrahydroisoquinohydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN) caused locomotor hyperactivity and gnawing/biting/licking dyskinesias. Of all compounds investigated 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pierazine (DHPP) induced the most marked dyskinetic disturbances upon intrastriatal injection: intense facial grimacing, biting/gnawing/licking, head and neck twisting and limb movements were observed although the locomotor hyperactivity was absent. Of the 1 phenylpiperazine derivatives examined, dyskinetic activity was only demonstrated using compounds with a hydroxyphenyl substitution. Results are discussed in terms of the structure--activity relationships for the stimulation of different types of dopamine receptive structures within the neostriatum. PMID- 1126383 TI - Localization and characterization of the repetitive DNA of the Algerian hedgehog, Erinaceus (Aethecinus) algirus. I. PMID- 1126384 TI - Quantitative agglutination of specific populations of sea urchin embryo cells with concanavalin A. PMID- 1126385 TI - DNA polymerase activities during erythropoiesis. Effects of erythropietin, vinblastine, colcemid, and daunomycin. PMID- 1126386 TI - Track-autoradiographic study of nucleolar DNA synthesis in adult rat liver. PMID- 1126387 TI - Reaction of lectins with human erythrocytes. II. Mapping of conA receptors by freeze-etching electron microscopy. PMID- 1126388 TI - Ribosomal RNA metabolism in synchronized plasmacytoma cells. PMID- 1126389 TI - A morphometric analysis of inner membranes related to biochemical characteristics of mitochondria from heart muscle and liver in mice. PMID- 1126390 TI - The effects of 'step-down on RNA' metabolism in Hela cells. PMID- 1126391 TI - Heterochromatin and nucleolar organizers during first meiotic prophase in quail oocytes. PMID- 1126392 TI - The influence of culture medium volume on cell density and lifespan of human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 1126393 TI - The pool size of deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate and deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and non-stimulated human lymphocytes. PMID- 1126394 TI - Ontogeny of X-chromosome inactivation in the female germ line. PMID- 1126395 TI - Effects of protease inhibitiors on early stages of meiosis in Xenopus laevis oocytes. PMID- 1126396 TI - Effects of protease inhibitors on early stages of meiosis in Xenopus laevis oocytes. PMID- 1126397 TI - The effect of diagnostic-quality X-irradiation on the developing postnatal rat retina. PMID- 1126398 TI - Further characterization of HM-crystallin in rabbit lens. PMID- 1126399 TI - X-ray induced cataract in rabbit lens. PMID- 1126400 TI - Delta-crystallin synthesis during chick lens differentiation. II. Expression of programmed potential in vitro. PMID- 1126401 TI - The concentration and localization of heavy molecular weight aggregates in aging normal and cataractous human lenses. PMID- 1126402 TI - A new statistical method to evaluate the significance of clinical data. PMID- 1126403 TI - The regulation of corneal hydration to maintain high transparency in fluctuating ambient temperatures. PMID- 1126404 TI - Autoradiographic study of [3H] glucosamine incorporation by the developing retina of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis. PMID- 1126405 TI - The metabolism of the bovine lens in air and nitrogen. PMID- 1126406 TI - Landolt's club in the Japanese quail: a fine structural study. PMID- 1126407 TI - Induction of a new species of phenylalanine transfer RNA during lens cell differentiation. PMID- 1126408 TI - The maturation of the lens cell: a morphologic study. PMID- 1126409 TI - A scanning electron-microscopic study of the posterior and anterior surfaces of the rat iris in pupillary dilation and constriction. PMID- 1126410 TI - Selective reassociation of the crystallins. PMID- 1126411 TI - Coloration of human lens protein. PMID- 1126412 TI - Interocular transfer of the motion after-effect in normal and stereoblind observers. AB - The extent of interocular transfer of the motion after-effect was measured in 4 stereoblind subjects and in 19 subjects having varying degrees of stereopsis. Stereoblind individuals failed completely to show any interocular transfer of this after-effect, while subjects with good stereopsis exhibited between 55 and 82 percent transfer (mean 73 percent). Furthermore, normal subjects who manifested a clear eye dominance tended to show greater transfer from the dominant to the nondominant eye than vice versa. Individuals who either had a history of a strabismus or possessed some other early impediment to clear binocular vision tended to show less transfer. Overall there was a significant positive correlation of 0.75 between the extent of interocular transfer and the subject's stereoacuity. It is argued that the extent of interocular transfer of this after-effect provides a measure of the proportion of the total number of visual cortical neurons that are binocular. Thus stereoblind humans, who show no transfer whatsoever may, like cats and monkeys deprived of concordant binocular visual input early in life, suffer from a lack of binocular neurons. PMID- 1126413 TI - A quantitative study of subsurface cisterns and their relationships in normal and axotomized hypoglossal neurones. AB - A quantitative ultrastructural survey was made of subsurface cisterns and their association with overlying structures in the left hypoglossal nucleus of normal rats, and rats which had received left hypoglossal axotomies 7-84 days previously. Subsurface cisterns in normal rats occurred in some hypoglossal neurones, and, sporadically, in proximal dendrites. They were mostly subsynaptic, and often associated with Nissl substance; From 7-14 days postoperatively, when many somatic boutons temporarily lost contact with the perikaryal surface, and were replaced by a microglial sheath, the percentage of perikaryon with underlying cistern was significantly reduced. The Nissl substance was also dispersed at this stage, and not restored until 28 days postoperatively. At 21 days normal percentages of subsurface cistern were restored, but the cisterns were now mostly subastrocytic, an astrocytic sheath having replaced the microglial sheath. From 63 days onwards the cisterns were mostly subsynaptic again as boutons returned to the regenerating perikarya and the temporary astrocytic sheath disappeared. It is suggested that subsurface cisterns might alter the overlying perikaryal surface in some way during neuronal regeneration, causing certain boutons to adhere there. PMID- 1126414 TI - A pontine primary relay for ascending projections of the superior laryngeal nerve,. AB - 1. In sheep anaesthetized with fluothane, electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), which contains most of the afferent fibres for swallowing, evokes potentials in the medial part of the ipsilateral thalamic VPM (nucleus ventro-postero-medialis) within about 5 msec. This region constitutes the secondary synaptic relay for the laryngeal impulses projecting to the frontal cortex concerned with swallowing. 2. SLN fibres are synaptically connected with cells of the NTS (nucleus of the tractus solitarius), 2-4 mm rostral to the obex (see Car and Jean, 1971). Coagulation of this region abolishes reflexly and cortically induced swallowing, but does not influence the thalamic or cortical responses induced by SLN stimulation. 3. SLN stimulation evokes potentials with a short latency (2 msec) in a restricted pontine area localized 5 mm from the midline and above the trigeminal motor nucleus, just in front of the central emergence of the facial nerve (i.e; about 12 mm rostral to obex). Restricted coagulation of this pontine region eliminates both the thalamic and the cortical projection of SLN. 4. Repetitive stimulation (2 V; 0.2 msec; 20-30 Hz) of this same pontine region produces rhythmic swallowing with characteristics quite similar to those of swallowing induced by SLN or bulbar stimulation. 5. Other data show that SLN fibres, or at least part of them, bifurcate after entering the brain stem (about 6 mm in front of the obex), and give a caudal branch, which reaches the bulbar swallowing centre (3 mm rostral to the obex) by running through the tractus solitarius; and a rostral branch terminating in the pons where the primary synaptic relay for the ascending laryngeal pathway is localized. PMID- 1126415 TI - Comparison of activity in pontine versus medullary neurones during swallowing. AB - 1. On decerebellectomized sheep lightly anaesthetized with fluothane, the activity of 49 neurones in the pontine relay (see Car et al., 1975) was recorded with microelectrodes following stimulation of afferents in the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), 2. These pontine neurones (PN) exhibited an "initial activity" (one or a few spikes) for stimulation either of the homolateral SLN (35 PN) or glossopharyngeal nerve (14 PN). This initial activity had a latency between 1.5 and 4 msec. When swallowing was induced by SLN stimulation, a later discharge appeared. This "swallowing activity" consisted of a variable burst of spikes. 3. The effect of curarization was tested for 13 PN. It always eliminated the "swallowing activity". 4. A clear antidromic response of 16 PN (26 tested PN) was induced by stimulating the thalamic VPM nucleus. This stimulation failed to elicit an antidromic response in medullary neurones (14 tested) located in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius. 5. It is concluded that PN are probably sensory relay neurones which inform higher nervous centres of the state of oropharyngeal receptors; whereas medullary swallowing neurones are really interneurones involved in the programming of the wallowing motor sequence. PMID- 1126416 TI - Neural pathways from the vestibular labyrinths to the flocculus in the cat. AB - In decerebrate, unanesthetized cats, responses in the flocculus were evoked by electric stimulation of the vestibular nerves and by natural stimulation of horizontal head angular acceleration. Field potentials in the flocculus and intracellular recording from Purkinje cells following vestibular nerve stimulation indicated that the responses were produced by mossy fiber inputs. Field potentials evoked from the contralateral labyrinth were as large as those from the ipsilateral one. There was considerable convergence of bilateral labyrinthine mossy fiber inputs to a Purkinje cell. In view of the effects of incision at the midline of the cerebellum and the brain stem, inputs from the contralateral labyrinth were mainly conveyed through the midline of the brain stem and partly through the midline of the cerebellum. Primary vestibular afferents were involved in the transcerebellar crossed pathway. Fibers of the secondary vestibular neurons projecting to the contralateral flocculus were implicated in the brain stem-mediated pathway and, in part, presumably in the transcerebellar crossed pathway. About one-third of the axon spikes examined in the flocculus responded to horizontal head angular acceleration. Commissural inhibition was observed in more than half of the axon spikes in the flocculus which were presumed to be mono- or polysynaptically activated from the vestibular nerve. PMID- 1126417 TI - Haemonchus contortus: new data on its genetic constitution. PMID- 1126418 TI - Leishmania donovani: therapeutic and prophylaciic action of antimony dextran glycoside (RL-712) in the golden hamster. PMID- 1126419 TI - Leishmania donovani: autoradiographic evidence for molecular exchanges between parasites and host cells. PMID- 1126420 TI - The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea: Aragasidae: Argas). 22. The effect of feeding on hormonal control of egg development in Argas (Persicargas) arboreus. PMID- 1126421 TI - Experimental acute Babesia caballi infections. II. Response of platelets and fibrinogen. PMID- 1126422 TI - Trichinella spiralis: morphological characteristics of male and female intestine infecting larvae. PMID- 1126423 TI - Leishmania in the chick embryo. IV. Effects of embryo age and hatching, and behavior of L. donovani in cultures of chick fibroblasts. PMID- 1126424 TI - Fasciola hepatica: development of caecal epithelium during migration in the mouse. PMID- 1126425 TI - Effect of dietary protein and cholesterol on atherosclerosis in swine. PMID- 1126426 TI - Cadmium and Zinc distribution in cardiovascular and other tissues of normal and cadmium-treated dogs. PMID- 1126427 TI - Ribosome accumulation in 3-methylcholanthrene-induced liver growth in adult male rats. PMID- 1126428 TI - The rate of degradation of liver proteins. PMID- 1126429 TI - Non-arteriosclerotic lesions in the kidneys of dogs fed an atherogenic diet. PMID- 1126430 TI - Letter: Isotopic stedy-state requirements. PMID- 1126431 TI - Posterior lenticonus and axial myopia. PMID- 1126432 TI - Unusual distribution of metastases in a case of carcinoma of the larynx-case report. PMID- 1126433 TI - Neurilemmoma of the palate. PMID- 1126434 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of allergic asthma in the elderly. PMID- 1126435 TI - Attitudes of American teenagers toward abortion. PMID- 1126436 TI - Vasectomy counseling by private physicians and clinics. PMID- 1126437 TI - Binding of adenine nucleotides to mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 1126438 TI - Optimal locations of cancer centers on the basis of population access. PMID- 1126439 TI - Chelating agents as possible artificial blood substitutes. AB - The synthetic cobalt-containing oxygen carriers are briefly reviewed as well as some of the heavier metal systems. The earlier chemistry of the iron complexes with dioxygen is discussed. Some of the more recent results on the reversible binding of oxygen to iron complexes is presented. Initial results showed that low temperatures and steric hindrance in the vicinity of the binding site were important parameters. It is shown further that a rather extensive steric hindrance can yield iron complexes that are efficiently reversible at 25 C. Two such species are known at this date. It is possible that such compounds could act as artificial blood substitutes by attaching to them suitable permanent ligands. Furthermore, solubilization of such species either in fluorocarbon emulsions or by direct covalent attachment to water-soluble polymers offers an opportunity to render them physically compatible with plasma, as substitutes for the red cell. PMID- 1126440 TI - Fluorocarbons: properties and syntheses. AB - The paper discusses custom syntheses of fluorocarbons for potential use as artificial blood substitutes. The term "fluorocarbon" designates a perfluorinated carbon compound which does not contain another halogen or hydrogen. Prominent requirements of an artificial blood substitute are: 1) efficient oxygen/carbon dioxide transport, 2) biological inertness, 3) low vapor pressure, 4) dispersibility to form emulsion. Fluorocarbons are superior to other liquids in dissolving oxygen and carbon dioxide. The most biologically inert halogenated alkanes are fully fluorinated. Introduction of another halogen or unsaturation decreases biological inertness. Boiling points of fluoroalkanes can be estimated from the Kinney equation. The most common method of fluorination, namely electrofluorination, is briefly described and applied to several types of organic compounds. Hydrocarbons give low yields of perfluoroalkanes. Alternatively, perfluoroalkanes may be prepared through reaction of functionalized substrates. Innert perfluorocyclic ethers are obtained from substrate ethers or acid fluorides. All types of amines perfluorinate but only perfluorotertiary amines are inert. Divalent organo-sulfur compounds afford inert perfluorinated products with sulfur in the hexavalent state. Sulfonyl fluorides give perfluorosulfonyl fluorides which can be pyrolytically coupled producing perfluoroalkanes. The Schoniger combustion method and neutron activation are described as analytical means for determining fluorine content. PMID- 1126441 TI - Artificial blood emulsifiers. AB - Two sets of prerequisites for nonionic emulsifiers suitable for an artificial blood program are suggested; one set that is necessary and a supplemental set that is desirable. Of the commercially available emulsifiers, only one, poloxamer 188, meets all of the requirements of the first group, and also meets most of the prerequisites of the second group. The hydrophile-lipophile balance system, its relation to emulsifier structure, and its value in arriving at the optimum emulsifier system, are discussed. The ability of the poloxamer 188 to serve as a plasma expander is attributed to its unusual micellar nature. The emulsifiers used in the artificial blood program are reviewed. Some newer experimental fluorochemical surfactants are described, and suggestions made for developing modifications of existing emulsifier systems. A new simple method for preparing stable artificial blood emulsions is reviewed. PMID- 1126442 TI - Cross-linked hemoglobins as potential plasma protein extenders. AB - Reaction of hemoglobin solutions with members of a class of diimidate esters leads to the formation of cross-linked intermolecular or intramolecular complexes depending on the relative concentration of hemoglobin and the length of the carbon chain of the imidate esters. The products have a life-span in the circulation of rabbits significantly greater than that of unmodified hemoglobin and it is suggested that they may serve as plasma protein extenders. PMID- 1126443 TI - Hemoglobin solution: a potential oxygen transporting plasma volume expander. AB - The potential of a 6% stroma-free human hemoglobin solution (WXb8326) as a plasma volume expander with oxygen transport capabilities was evaluated in barbiturate anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs. WXb8326 compared favorably with dextran-70 and 5% albumin solution as a plasma volume expander. Serial phlebotomies to a blood pressure of 35 mm Hg and immediate replacement with the above colloid expanders showed that only WXb8326-exchanged dogs survived acute reductions in hematocrit to critical levels of smaller than or equal to 5%. After several exchanges with WXb8326 to levels as low as 1%, it was possible to demonstrate acute survival. With less drastic reductions in the hematocrit (between 5 and 10%) all dogs survived acutely regardless of the type of plasma volume expander used; however, subacute survival rates varied. Oxygen transport characteristics during isovolumic hemodilution (phlebotomy and simultaneous replacement with WXb8326) were studied in a separate series of spontaneously breathing dogs in which hematocrit was reduced to approximately 50% of control. Oxygen content of erythrocytic hemoglobin (EHb) and extraerythrocytic hemoglobin (EEHb) resulting from infusions of WXb8326 was studied in arterial and venous blood at different levels of hemodilution. WXb8326 did not interfere with the arterial oxygen saturation of EHb in the pulmonary vascular bed and EEHb was oxygenated as efficiently as EHb. Oxygen delivery to tissues differed between EHb and EEHb. Erythrocytic hemoglobin met oxygen demands under basal conditions while EEHb contributed oxygen to tissues during conditions of high oxygen extraction. It is concluded that WXb8326 is an attractive condidate as a plasma volume expander with the capacity to transport oxygen to tissues. PMID- 1126444 TI - Emulsions of perfluorinated solvents for intravascular gas transport. AB - During the past several years we have progressed from the use of perfluorinated substances, which were good gas solvents but often produced unexpected physiological reactions, to a point where emulsions of pure perfluorinated substances can be made in a reproducible way. A standardized method of making emulsions has now been developed. The physical properties of the perfluorinated substances needed to make useful emulsions have been defined. Specifically, perfluorinated substances having vapor pressures above about 40 torr must be avoided as they produce pulmonary gas embolism; also lower boiling components having vapor pressures above about 40 torr must be excluded. The relationship between chemical structure and several physiological and pharmacological effects has been delineated. Perfluorinated substances containing only carbon and fluorine, or those containing carbon, fluorine, and either bromine or iodine have reasonably short dwell times in the liver. Perfluorinated iodo- and bromo compounds dissolve oxygen and are radiopaque. Present iodo-perfluorinates are unstable in the presence of light. Perfluorodecalin can enter and leave the liver without changing the liver's ultrastructure. Both egg phospholipid and Pluronic F68 are useful in making perfluorodecalin emulsions. Perfluorodimethyladamantane makes a fine-particle stable emulsion. There is a bright future for perfluorinated substances in a number of areas of research in biology and medicine. PMID- 1126445 TI - Preparation of perfluorodecalin emulsion, an approach to the red cells substitute. AB - The major problems unsolved in fluorocarbon emulsions have been the long lasting retention of the substance in tissues of organs and acute shock symptom in animals receiving "coarse" emulsion with particles larger then 0.2 mum. This report offers a new, stable and sterile preparation of 25% "fine" perfluorodecalin emulsion with yolk phospholipid that is eliminated from liver, spleen and other organs within a few weeks, and whose acute and subacute toxicity is as low as perfluorotributylamine/Pluronic F68 emulsion. Effects of the perfluorodecalin emulsion thus prepared for maintaining contractile force of isolated guinea pig heart by perfusion and survival of animals receiving repeated circulatory exchange proved similar to perfluorotributylamine/Pluronic F68 emulsion. PMID- 1126446 TI - Studies on isolated rat liver perfused by perfluoro-compound emulsion. AB - Isolated rat livers were perfused for 6 hours by different types of cell-free synthetic media. Some of the media included perfluoro-compounds as an oxygen carrier. The value of the perfusion medium as blood substitute was judged on the basis of observations and measurements of a number of parameters. These were: secretion of bile, fluid pressure in the portal vein, the level of GPT (ALAT) transaminase, urea nitrogen, and glucose in the perfusate. The rate of albumin synthesis and the rate of 14-C-lysine incorporated into circulating proteins were also measured. It was found that perfusion of the isolated rat liver with the TC 199 Difco medium containing the perfluoro-compound FC-80 emulsion maintained the liver in a good condition demonstrated, among other things, by the synthesis of albumin and other proteins. The liver could be kept in a good functional condition during 6 hours perfusion with this cell-free medium. With all the other types of perfusate tested the liver did not synthesize proteins. The isolated rat liver seems to be both convenient and advantageous for testing the perfusion media with respect to their capacity to maintain important metabolic functions. PMID- 1126447 TI - Evaluation of fluorochemicals for liquid membrane oxygenation. AB - An attempt is being made to develop an oxygenator utilizing gaseous oxygen bubbles completely encapsulated with fluorochemical, thereby avoiding the detrimental changes induced by a blood-gas interface. After the feasibility of this method of oxygenation had been proved, the biocompatibility of the fluorochemicals was investigated. No significant changes in human red blood cells, fibrinogen, or platelets were induced by chronic in vitro contact with fluorochemical over a 24-hour peroid. There is no evidence that the fluorochemicals tested extract lipids from plasma. A device which allowed continuous formation of a blood-fluorochemical interface was utilized in vitro with human blood and in vivo with dogs. No significant alterations were induced by fluorochemicals in the human or animal blood or in the canine organs at autopsy. A prototype oxygenator is now undergoing evaluation. A method of analyzing for fluorochemical in blood and other protein solutions is presented. PMID- 1126448 TI - Effect of fluorocarbon emulsions on the mechanical fragility of normal and sickle cells: in vitro studies. AB - Mechanical fragility measurements have been made in vitro on fluorocarbon emulsions mixed with normal and sickle cells in plasma to determine the effect of fluorocarbon. Emulsions of FC-80 with Pluronic F-68 were added to give final solutions of 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20% fluorocarbon emulsion. The effect of the fluorocarbon emulsion was observed in the presence and absence of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, there was no effect of the fluorocarbon emulsion on the mechanical fragility of normal or sickle cells. In deoxygenated systems, however, there was significantly less hemoglobin in the plasma during the mechanical fragility test with fluorocarbon emulsion added to sickle cell blood. The normal blood was not affected by the fluorocarbon emulsion in the deoxygenated system. Five percent of fluorocarbon emulsion was required for a significant effect on the deoxygenated sickle cells. Since the effect of the fluorocarbon emulsion was in a deoxygenated condition, the effect is due to the presence of the fluorocarbon emulsion and not its oxygen carrying capability. PMID- 1126449 TI - Perfluorocarbon emulsions in the perfusion of canine organs. PMID- 1126450 TI - Fluorocarbon liver perfusion and fluorocarbon-glycine interaction. PMID- 1126451 TI - Artificial blood and the National Blood Policy. AB - Artificial blood will become important to the extent that it is safer, more effective, more economical, and more readily available than natural substances. If physicians would accept blood substitutes, their use might help to eliminate prevailing shortages of blood and increasing needs for plasma. The high demand for albumin, one of the safest biologics known, is pushing the requirement for plasma to higher levels every year. The albumin situation illustrates both the value placed on hemotherapeutic agents of proven safety and the problem of mobilizing sufficient blood resources for their production. The solutions to this problem and others addressed by the National Blood Policy will involve both scientific efforts and improvements in the operation and organization of blood service systems. Thus, the search for blood and plasma substitutes must be viewed as just one of a set of management and scientific approaches to meeting the need for safe, effective hemotherapuetic agents. PMID- 1126452 TI - Food and Drug Administration regulations and licensure. AB - The regulatory requirements of the Food and Drug Administration for products that are defined as drugs and/or biologics are extensively documented in the applicable sections of the Code of Federal Regulations. They include broad requirements for good manufacturing practices and a number of general requirements for matters such as sterility, stability, pyrogens, and labeling. In addition, for biological products, specific standards are published for comment in the Federal Register and then as final rules prior to the acceptance of license applications for new products. The major criteria for such products are safety and effectiveness when the products are used prudently as directed in accompanying circulars. It is generally sound practice to obtain extensive toxicologic and pharmacologic knowledge of potential new products prior to embarking on clinical trials. These trials must be described in investigational new drug applications (INDs), if the products will be entered into interstate commerce. Clinical trials should be planned and conducted using sound scientific and ethical principles in order to obtain objective evidence of clinical effectiveness without unduly jeopardizing the participants in such studies. PMID- 1126454 TI - Artificial blood substitutes: summary of workshop. PMID- 1126453 TI - Potential uses of artificial blood substitutes. PMID- 1126455 TI - Influence of estrogen and progesterone treatment on ovarian contractility in the monkey. AB - Five female rhesus monkeys were treated with natural estrogens, 5 mg/day for three weeks, after which ovarian contractility was studied in vitro in one of the ovaries. Estrogen treatment was followed by progesterone, 25 mg/day for three weeks, after which the contractility of the remaining ovary was similarly measured. Responses to autonomic agents and prostaglandins were studied in both groups. Spontaneous ovarian contractility and ovarian contractile responsiveness to prostaglandins and norepinephrine were found to be enhanced after progesterone treatment. Cholinergic agonists had a stimulatory effect after progesterone and an inhibitory effect after estrogens. Our results suggest that ovarian contractile responsiveness is modified by the local steroid environment, perhaps through intracellular changes in cyclic AMP. PMID- 1126456 TI - The effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on corpus luteal function in the rhesus monkey. AB - An experimental model was set up to show whether PGF2alpha caused luteolysis when adequate chorionic gonadotropin was administered. Four mature female rhesus monkeys were studied for two cycles each. HCG was given after ovulation until day 36. PGF2alpha was given on days 28 and 29 in one cycle, while the other served as control. In five out of the total eight cycles studied, the luteal function was maintained up to day 36. However, gradual decline of serum progesterone was noted after days 22 to 26 despite the continuous administration of hCG. Administration of PGF2alpha on days 28 and 29 did not accelerate CL regression. It was also noted that hCG in doses of 500 IU did not maintain CL function in three of four cycles when surgical stress was added. PMID- 1126457 TI - Neutrophils and the mechanism of IUD action in rats. AB - Current research on the mechanism of action of the IUD has focused on a local, low-grade endometritis in preventing blastocystic implantation. With rabbit antisera to rat neutrophils, a neutropenic state was induced in rats having a silk suture in one uterine horn. Assay for nidation sites in the severely polymorphdepleted rats revealed no implantation sites in the IUD horn and an average of 5.8 sites in the control horn, suggesting that inflammation plays a relatively minor role, if any, in the mechanism of action of the IUD. PMID- 1126458 TI - Action of cyproterone acetate on the accessory organ of reproduction in prepubertal and sexually mature rats. AB - The effects of cyproterone acetate on the accessory organs of immature, prepubertal, and sexually mature adult rats were studied. Administration of CA to immature 30-day-old rats for 15 days markedly decreased the silaic acid in the caput and cauda epididymides and decreased the secretory activity of the accessory glands. Treatment of adult rats with CA for 15 days caused an increased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA and of 3H-phenylalanine into protein in the caput and cauda epididymides. The percentage of increase in the specific activity of RNA and protein was higher in the cauda epididymidis than in the caput epididymidis. PMID- 1126459 TI - Oxidative and glycolytic metabolism of semen components by washed guinea pig spermatozoa. AB - The concentration of several potentially metabolizable substances in guinea pig semen and the ability of these substances to support ATP synthesis and the motility of guinea pig sperm have been determined. Both glucose and fructose were present in high concentration in semen and were equipotent at the concentration tested in maintaining high levels of ATP and a high rate of motility. Lactic and pyruvic acids also supported a high rate of sperm motility but maintained lower levels of ATP. These constituents of guinea pig semen, as well as the metabolites alpha-glycerophosphate, succinic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, are oxidized at unusually high rates. The active oxidative metabolism of guinea pig sperm is compared with that of human sperm which is primarily glycolytic. PMID- 1126460 TI - Stimulation of ejaculated human spermatozoa by caffeine. AB - Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethyl-2, 6-dioxypurine), a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor, increased the motility of ejaculated human spermatozoa. Both the percent motility and the grade of forward progression were significantly increased (P smaller than 0.001) and maintained in the presence of 6 mM of caffeine for up to five hours at 37 C. Increases in percent motility greater than two-fold occurred among the groups having low initial motility. Increases in samples with a high initial percent motility (greater than 60%) were not as dramatic, but they were still significant. In addition, the grade of motility or forward progression was increased in all groups up to one full unit. The longevity of the spermatozoa, judged by activity, was also increased for up to five hours. PMID- 1126461 TI - Effect of centrifugation and seminal plasma on motility and fertility of stallion and bull spermatozoa. AB - The effect of centrifugation of diluted and undiluted semen on equine and bovine spermatozoan motility and fertility was examined, as was the effect of seminal plasma and dilution on stallion spermatozoa during incubation before and after freezing. Centrifugation at 370 g or 829 g was not detrimental (P greater than 0.05) to prefreeze or postfreeze motility if a final concentration of 10% seminal plasma was present. A reduction of seminal plasma from 10% to 2% significantly (P smaller than 0.05) reduced motility. A centrifugal force of 956 g significantly reduced prefreeze but not postfreeze motility of spermatozoa in undiluted semen, regardless of seminal plasma concentration. With a dried skim milk extender, prefreeze and postfreeze motility was greater in samples containing 20% seminal plasma. Motility was depressed by high and low concentrations of seminal plasma. The fertility of frozen or unfrozen stallion spermatozoa was not depressed (P greater than 0.05) by centrifugation at 310 g for 3.5 minutes. In contrast, the fertility of bull semen was significantly (P smaller than 0.05) lowered by centrifugation at 270 g for three minutes. Further, the fertility of centrifuged, diluted bovine semen was lower (P smaller than 0.05) than centrifuged, undiluted semen. PMID- 1126462 TI - Control of male fertility: report of a workshop. PMID- 1126463 TI - Spontaneous reanastomosis of the vas deferens after surgery: a case report. AB - Spontaneous reanastomosis of the vas on one side in a 40-year-old man was caused by a sperm granuloma. Leaking spermatozoa bridged the gap between the cut ends; this was followed by epithelial canalization. From review of the literature it was concluded that the best preventive measure is light fulguration of the cut ends and then their separation by covering one cut end by its faschial sheath. PMID- 1126464 TI - Tubal ligation and pregnancy: mechanism of recanalization after tubal ligation. AB - The mechanism of recanalization after resection of a segment of the fallopian tube by the Pomeroy sterilization method is discussed. At the level of resection, the epithelial lining of the fallopian tube tends to regenerate, covering the split ends and planes of cleavage of the resected surfaces and forming slitlike spaces and blind pouches lined by tall columnar cells. Scarring and subsequent retraction of both severed ends of the tubes tend to result in approximation; in some cases, the resected ends and the epithelial lining bridge the gap between the lumina, re-establishing patency of the tube. Surgical procedures that prevent approximation of the resected ends of the fallopian tubes or methods that seal the lumina should produce failure rates lower than those obtained with the classic Pomeroy sterilization method. PMID- 1126465 TI - Effects of postovulatory estradiol benzoate administration on women's ovarian function. AB - The effects of postovulatory estradiol benzoate (EB) administration were studied in six women having normal biphasic, presumably ovulatory, menstrual cycles. EB was administered intramuscularly at dose levels of 0.5 and 10 mg daily for 5 consecutive days. The study covered a total of 30 cycles; parameters studied were basal body temperature, urinary excretion of estrogens and pregnanediol, and characteristics of cervical mucus. EB had no effect on the length of the luteal phase nor on urinary pregnanediol excretion, but a dose of 10 mg/day caused a significant prolongation of the next follicular phase. The elevated estrogen excretion observed at the end of the cycle supports the hypothesis that gestagenic deprivation causes menstrual bleeding. PMID- 1126466 TI - Quantitative analysis of immunoglobulins and albumin in secretion of female reproductive tract. AB - Total protein, IgG, secretory IgA (SIgA), IgA, IgM, and albumin were quantitatively analyzed in 115 cervical fluid specimens from healthy, adult women. Although albumin was the most predominant protein among those that were analyzed (17.2% of total protein), IgG was the major immunoglobulin in this secretion (8.7%). A highly significant correlation between the levels of IgG and albumin and a mean IgG-albumin ratio similar to that of serum suggest that both proteins originate from the circulation. Although the main type of IgA was of the secretory type (4.4%), serum type IgA (smaller than 1.0%) was close to 2. The mean levels of IgG and albumin (but not of SIgA) of the postpartum group were significantly higher than those of the normal subjects. The number of children, the current method of contraception, and present and past local infections had no effect on the immunoglobulins and albumin in this secretion when the mean levels of these components were analyzed and compared with the "normal" values. PMID- 1126467 TI - Transfer of uterine implantation blastocysts to the oviduct in mice. AB - Although ectopic pregnancy is a common occurrence in humans, it occurs only rarely in other species. In the mouse, confinement of the blastocyst to the oviduct fails to result in implantation at that level. In prior studies, these confined blastocysts had not been exposed to the uterine environment. We transferred blastocysts from the uterus, at a time when implantation would normally occur, to ligated oviducts of pseudopregnant mice. Although enlargement of the blastocysts, loss of the zona pellucida, and adherence to the tubal epithelium were noted, implantation did not occur. The contributions to the embryo by the uterine environment were not sufficient to allow implantation within the oviduct. PMID- 1126468 TI - Infertility practice and Orthodox Jewish law. AB - The evaluation and management of infertility problems in Orthodox Jewish couples can be made difficult because of restrictions which may be imposed by religious rules. The origins of the religious laws governing problems such as semen collection, diagnostic and therapeutic genital surgery, menstruation, and homologous and donor insemination are reviewed. Contemporary Rabbinic authorities are quoted; their opinions may serve as guidelines for the patient and physician dealing with infertility problems. PMID- 1126469 TI - [The effect of electric stimulation of the limbic formation on cardiac rhythm, arterial pressure and coronary circulation]. PMID- 1126470 TI - [Changes in renal hemodynamics during reflex responses from the sinocarotid region]. PMID- 1126471 TI - [Changes in central hemodynamics and peripheral vessel tone in hemorrhages]. PMID- 1126472 TI - [Hemodynamic reactions to hypoxic hypoxia in dogs with acute arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1126473 TI - [The structure of hemodynamic shifts in persons with acute and chronic hypoxia in the presence of widespread pathologic processes in the lungs]. PMID- 1126474 TI - [Reactions of arterial and venous vessels to catecholamine administration]. PMID- 1126475 TI - [Reactions of capillaries and small vessels to administration of anticardiac cytotoxic serum]. PMID- 1126476 TI - [The duration of circulation in the vascular bed and elimination from the body of the blood substitute geosen]. PMID- 1126477 TI - [Modeling dystrophic myocardial lesions in dogs]. PMID- 1126478 TI - [External respiration and gas exchange in healthy newborn infants breathing oxygen-enriched air]. PMID- 1126479 TI - [The intensity and difficulty of the labor in the chief work categories at modern thermoelectric stations]. PMID- 1126480 TI - [Several indices of hemodynamics and the oxygen transport function of the blood in adolescents subjected to sustained stress]. PMID- 1126481 TI - [The oxygen regimen of the bodies of adolescents and men during muscular activity of a dynamic character]. PMID- 1126482 TI - [A study of cardiac output by rebreathing CO-2 during physical exertion]. PMID- 1126483 TI - [Differential sensitivity of the kinesthetic and visual analyzers and their correlation during the process of improving motor skills in sportsmen]. PMID- 1126484 TI - [Electrophoresis of soluble serum, heart and skeletal muscle proteins following prolonged painful stimulation using the ganglionic blockader hexonium]. PMID- 1126485 TI - [The effect of central nervous system stimulation by physical agents on pleural cavity radioactive phosphorus permeability]. PMID- 1126486 TI - [Several properties of the blood substitute geossen]. PMID- 1126487 TI - [The effect of vitamins B-12 and B-15 on coagulogram and thrombelastogram indices of dogs and rabbits with acute hypoxia]. PMID- 1126489 TI - [Neuro-emotional mental work and external respiratory function]. PMID- 1126488 TI - [The state of electrolyte metabolism in neurocirculatory dystonia of the cardiac type]. PMID- 1126490 TI - [The interrelationship between hypoxic and circulatory hypoxia from an evolutionary point of view]. PMID- 1126491 TI - [Extinction of brain activation responses to direct electrical stimulation of its structures in normal awake cats]. AB - In unrestrained cats, repeated electric stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), center median (CM) of the thalamus, and different cortical areas: both the low--and the high--threshold points (in regard to the brain activation), with the threshold strength current evoked similar EEG reactions of activation which diminished and disappeared after 3--5 repetitions of the stimuli. The moderate strength current evoked, apart from the EEG activation, pseudoviolent movements (turning of the head, etc.) and changes in the breathing rate. All these reactions could be extinguidhed by sufficient number of repetitions of stimuli, the effector reactions disappearing first, the EEG changes--last. The essential difference of the stimulation effects emerged when the strong current stimulation was used. In this case, when stimulating the high-threshold cortical points, the EEG and effector reactions could be abolished during long enough repetition of the stimuli, but it was impossible when stimulating the low-threshold cortical points, the MRF or CM: all the reactions stayed intense and stable, the animals became highly irritated. The data obtained are discussed from the point of view of the authors' concept of the interaction between the activating and integrative analysing mechanisms of the brain. PMID- 1126492 TI - [The relationship between slow electric potential oscillations and fluctuations in oxygen tension in the human brain]. PMID- 1126493 TI - [Mixed and antidromal cortical responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the splenial portion of the corpus callosum]. AB - In anesthetized cats, antidromic and orthodromic components were shown to be represented unequally in the mixed responses to the splenium stimulation recorded from various areas of the cortex. Orthodromic component makes about 50 per cent of the mixed response amplitude in the area 17, while in the area 18 and in middle part of the suprasylvian gyrus it makes about 70 per cent. In the regions beyond focus the mixed responses disappeared because of falling out of the orthodromic impulses. During antidromic recording of the responses, only deep layers got activated at weak stimuli, while both deep and superficial ones were involved at stronger stimulation. PMID- 1126494 TI - ["Spontaneous" galvanic skin responses during the nocturnal sleep of healthy humans]. PMID- 1126495 TI - [Geocentric orientation by rats in a situation of sensory conflict]. PMID- 1126496 TI - [Seasonal changes in the influence of prostaglandin E2 on corticosteroid biosynthesis by rabbit adrenals]. AB - The biosynthesis of corticoids from exogenic tritated progesteron with and without addition of progstaglandin E2 in incubation medium was studied in rabbits in spring and in summer. C-14 inclusion into aldosteron, cortisone, and 11 dehydrocorticosterone in the spring rabbits was considerably higher than in the summer ones. Prostaglandin E2 suppressed the biosynthesis of the final fraction of corticosteroids in the spring rabbits and did not change the C-14 inclusion into corticosteroids in summer. PMID- 1126497 TI - [The influence of prolonged painful stimulation on adrenaline and noradrenaline concentration in different regions of the brain and in the adrenals of white rats before and after removal of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia]. AB - Prior to removal of the sympathetic ganglia, the sustained nociceptive stimulation decreased the adrenalin and noradrenalin content in the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and the midbrain while increasing it in the adrenal glands. After the removal, the stimulation was followed by a shorter (except in the medulla oblongata) decrease of the adrenalin and noradrenalin content in the same brain areas; in the adrenal glands the noradrenalin contents increased. PMID- 1126498 TI - [Functional features of the electroreceptors of several electric and non-electric fish]. AB - The effect of the electric, magnetic, and mechanical stimulation of the electroreceptors was studied in marine skates (Trigon pastinaca, Raja clavata, and Torpedo marmorata) by recording single nerve fiber responses. The following two types of backbround dischanges were found with regular activity and bursting. In some fibres the bursts of impulses appeared simultaneously with respiration while in the others the activity was suppressed. The current threshold of the clear-cut responses were equal to 10- minus 9--10- minus 11 A/mm-2. The activity of the electroredeptors was modified by introducing a conductive or nonconductive object into the water. High sensistivity of the electroreceptors to weak magnetic field was shown. The biological role of the electroreceptors is discussed. PMID- 1126499 TI - [A mathematical model of cardiac rhythm disorders in the presence of rapid auricular electrical activity]. AB - The model is based on regularities of changes of the refractory period in the atrioventricular conductive system as well as changes of the delay of impulse conduction in this system during coupled electric stimulation of atria. With the aid of the model, the conditions of accurring heart-rate disturbances were considered (increase in the delay of the atrio-ventricular conduction, Wenkenbach's periodicity, fallin out of two, three or more successive excitations of the ventricles, etc.) on fast electric activity of the atria. Quantitative correlations were established between the parameters characterizing changes of the refractory period and the period of atrias excitations which produces a ventricles rhythm disturbance. PMID- 1126500 TI - [The mechanism of action of parenterally administered protein hydrolysates on the exocrine activity of the pancreas]. AB - In dogs with fistulae of the stomach and the pancreatic duct as well as in dogs with artificially made partition between the stomach and the duodenum, effect of protein hydrolysates administered into the blood, on the pancreas secretion, was shown to manifest itself only in conditions of unopposed transition of the stomach acid contents into the duodenum. In the mechanism of protein hydrolysates action on the pancreas secretion, the major part is played by their ability to stimulate the stomach secretion and the transition of the acid content into the duodenum. Under the influence of the acid contents, release of the secretin occurs in the duodenum which induces the secretion of the pancreatic juice. PMID- 1126501 TI - [A change in the level of gastrin in the blood following removal of the mucous membrane of the antral portion of the stomach]. PMID- 1126502 TI - [Renal and extrarenal mechanisms of potassium homeostasis following a potassium load]. AB - In rats, per os i.v. administration of 1.25 per cent KCl solution (840 mcEq/100 g.b.w.) increased concentration of potassium in the blood and tissues, as well as the urine excretion of potassium. The excretion rate depended on the amount of potassium load. After adrenalectomy and aldactone injection, the potassium excretion decreased. This, apparently, indicates that the adrenocortical steroids exert an influence on the transport of potassium. Hence, both the renal and extrarenal systems play an important role in the potassium homeostasis. PMID- 1126503 TI - [The effect of cooling in a changing gaseous milieu on the ammonia forming and binding systems of the brain]. PMID- 1126504 TI - [The effect of cold acclimatization on thermoregulation in the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguicilatus]. AB - The long-term (45 days) acclimation of the Mongolian gerbil, in contrast to albino rats, is not accompanied by adaptive changes in general metabolism, chemical thermoregulation, bioelectric skeletal muscles activity, and tissue respiration in muscles and liver. The effect of short-term intermittent cooling in the Mongolian gerbil is of short duration and does not manifest itself in increased stability of body temperature. The calorigenic effect of norepinephrine may be only observed after a long-term adaptation. The pattern of adaptation to cold in the Mongolian gerbil, a typical habitant of continental climate of Central Asia, depends on the stability of its normal thermoregulation. PMID- 1126505 TI - [An electrophysiologic study of neurons of the 1st thoracic ganglion forming the central activating link in the system for control of the moving segment of the crayfish claw]. PMID- 1126506 TI - [Seasonal changes in the heating efficiency of thermoregulatory muscle tonus and shivering from cold in rabbits]. PMID- 1126507 TI - The influence of gonadal hormones and biotin deficiency on hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity in the immature pullet. PMID- 1126508 TI - A time-course study of the effects of gonadal hormones on avian liver fatty acid composition. PMID- 1126509 TI - A study on the effect of folate deficiency on the incorporation of 14-C labelled glycine, serine and leucine into the oviduct protein of the oestrogen-treated, immature female domestic fowl. PMID- 1126510 TI - Bull seminal vesicle ribonuclease AS. PMID- 1126511 TI - The role of potassium ion loss in the anoxic impairment of respiration of rat cerebral-cortex slices. PMID- 1126512 TI - Chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 of a cholinergic receptor protein present in proteolipid extracts from housefly heads. PMID- 1126513 TI - Proteins of the synaptic junction. PMID- 1126514 TI - The effect of single and repeated administration of chlorpromazine on serum tryptophan and albumin binding of tryptophan in the rat,. PMID- 1126515 TI - Possible annular distribution of copper in the myelin of spinal-cord nerves with special reference to the sheep. PMID- 1126516 TI - Arteriovenous differences of choline and choline lipids across the brain of rat and rabbit. PMID- 1126517 TI - Effects of indole alkaloids and related compounds on the properties of brain microtubular protein. PMID- 1126518 TI - Age-related changes in lipids peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 1126519 TI - Age-related changes in gluconeogenesis and the metabolism of alanine in the perfused liver of neonatal rats. PMID- 1126520 TI - The role of the alanine cycle in neonatal rats. PMID- 1126521 TI - Metabolic rhythms in old age. PMID- 1126522 TI - The incorporation of L-[1-3-H]= fucose into non-collagenous glycoproteins secreted by human fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 1126523 TI - Partition coefficients of some anaesthetic-like molecules between water and smectic mesophases of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 1126524 TI - Comparison of molecular properties by dialysis rate. PMID- 1126525 TI - Centrifugal and activation methods for rapid identification of lysosomotropic drugs with the use of rat liver homogenates. PMID- 1126526 TI - The cellular distribution of lipososmes in the liver of newborn rats. PMID- 1126527 TI - The inability of macrophages to digest liposomes containing a high proportion of cholesterol. PMID- 1126528 TI - Preparation of a tubulin-rich protein fraction from pig platelets. PMID- 1126529 TI - Stimulation of electron transport and activation of reduced nicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase in Jerusalem-artichoke mitochondria. PMID- 1126530 TI - The metabolism of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons by tissues of the respiratory tract. PMID- 1126531 TI - Anaerobic dechlorination of trichlorofluoromethane by liver microsomal preparations in vitro. PMID- 1126532 TI - The partial purification and some properties of a human erythrocyte 4 nitroacetophenone reductases. PMID- 1126533 TI - Comparative studies on hepatic dimethylnitrosamine demethylase and some xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the rat. PMID- 1126534 TI - Glucose utilization by the avian shell gland. PMID- 1126535 TI - A simple method for the study of tryptophan binding to serum albumin by small scale equilibrium dialysis: application to animal and human studies. PMID- 1126536 TI - Variations of certain lipids in the white matter of developing brain. PMID- 1126537 TI - The first Thudichum lecture, 15 January 1974: Biochemical specificity in neuromal function. PMID- 1126538 TI - The scope and aims of gerontology. PMID- 1126539 TI - Age changes in the metabolism of essential fatty acids. PMID- 1126540 TI - Age-related changes during the biosynthesis and maturation of collagen fibres. PMID- 1126541 TI - The mechanism of branching enzyme action and its influence on the structure of amylopectin. PMID- 1126542 TI - Epoxides as reactive intermediates in aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism. PMID- 1126543 TI - Alkylating intermediates in nitrosamine metabolism. PMID- 1126544 TI - Endoplasmic membrane as a source and a target for chemically reactive metabolic intermediates. PMID- 1126545 TI - Metabolism of beta-[3-H]ecdysone during the larval-pupal stage of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala. PMID- 1126546 TI - The nature of inhibition and inactivation of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PMID- 1126547 TI - Investigation of the effect of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine on brain protein synthesis. PMID- 1126548 TI - The effect of experimental hyperphenylalaninaemia on polyribosomes of the developing rat brain. PMID- 1126549 TI - Properties of rat brain microsomal ribonucleic acid containing polyadenylate. PMID- 1126550 TI - Nucleo-cytoplasmic relationships of ribonucleic acid containing polyadenylate in the adult rat brain. PMID- 1126551 TI - Separation of neuronal and neuropil-enriched fractions from developing rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 1126552 TI - The release of endogenous 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine from synaptosomes isolated from corpus striatum,. PMID- 1126553 TI - Pregnancy termination by menstrual regulation. PMID- 1126554 TI - Efficacy of a prostaglandin analogue in reproduction in the anestrous mare. PMID- 1126555 TI - Prostaglandin E1-sensitive adenylate cyclase of rat liver plasma membranes. PMID- 1126556 TI - Models of in vitro thyroglobulin iodination. PMID- 1126557 TI - A combined biochemical and morphometric study on tissue changes in Xenopus larvae during induced metamorphosis. PMID- 1126558 TI - Effects of cortisol on uterine eosinophilia and other oestrogenic responses. AB - The effects of cortisol on several oestrogenic responses of the rat uterus were measured. Whether injected i.v., simultaneously with oestradiol-17 beta, or i.p,, 12 h before the oestradiol, cortisol had no effects on the oestrogen-induced increases in uterine glycogen, protein and DNA contents. In contrast, cortisol inhibited both uterine eosinophilia and the increase of wet weight. Both responses show the same higher sensitivity to i.v. injection than to i.p. injection of cortisol. Inhibition of both responses by cortisol follows identical dose-response curves. These data support our hypothesis that the water-imbibition effect of oestrogen i- mediated by uterine eosinophilia and is thus related to the eosinophil receptor system. PMID- 1126559 TI - Sertoli cell origin of testicular androgen-binding protein (ABP). AB - In this report it is suggested that the specific adrogen-binding protein (ABP), previously shown to originate in the testis of rat and other species, is produced by the Sertoli cells. This suggestion is based upon the following experimental findings: 1) ABP was found in high concentrations in testicular efferent duct fluid but only in trace amounts in inter-tubular lymph. i) ABP could be recovered from crude preparations of testis tubules, but not from Leydig cells from the same testes. 3) Testes whose germinal epithelium had been severly damaged by gamma irradiation showed no decrease in ABP content. The transport of ABP to epididymis was also preserved as judged from the levels of ABP in caput epididymis. 4) Testes that were completely devoid of germ cells following prenatal gamma irradiation showed high levels of ABP, These high levels approached zero following hypophysectomy, but could be restored by FSH administration to the hypophysectomized animals. ABP has been well characterized and now provides a valuable experimental tool as an indicator of Sertoli cell function. PMID- 1126560 TI - Sexual differentiation in Mucor: Trisporic acid response mutants and mutants blocked in zygospore development. PMID- 1126561 TI - On sexual agglutination and mating type substances in isogamous dioecious chlamydomonads. IV. Unilateral inactivation of the sex contact capacity in compatible and incompatible taxa by alpha-mannosidase and snake venom protease. PMID- 1126562 TI - Electron microscopic studies on choriolysis by the hatching enzyme of the teleost, Oryzias latipes. PMID- 1126563 TI - Thymidine kinase activation in unfertilized sea urchin eggs by homogenization and fertilization. PMID- 1126564 TI - Ciliogenesis during the sequential formation of molluscan gill filaments. PMID- 1126565 TI - Single and mixed infections of avian infectious bronchitis virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. AB - Comparative studies of the clinical signs, pathological changes, multiplication of the pathogens and serological responses were made of groups of chickens infected with either or both avian infectious bronchitis virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections of infected tracheas showed that the multiplication of M. gallisepticum was greatly enhanced in the tracheas of chickens which had been previously or simultaneously infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus. The enhanced multiplication of mycoplasmas resulted in more severe clinical signs, pathological effects and serological responses. These findings confirm the general belief that avian infectious bronchitis infection may precipitate latent mycoplasma infection. Similar experiments were made in the allantoic sacs of 10-day embryonated hens' eggs. The results again show that there was at least a one hundred-fold increase in the multiplication of M. gallisepticum in eggs simultaneously or previously infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus. These findings emphasize the importance of using mycoplasma-free eggs for the production of virus vaccines. PMID- 1126566 TI - The protection of ferrets against influenza by immunization with a split influenza vaccine. AB - Ferrets were vaccinated with either A/England/42/72 zonal purified influenza queous vaccine containing whole virus particles, or a subunit vaccine containing the purified hemagglutinin and neura-minidase proteins of A/England/42/72 adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide. The immune status of the ferrets was assessed by reaction to challenge with virulent live virus of the homologous strain. In the preliminary experiment reported, the subunit vaccine conferred greater protection than the zonal purified vaccine. PMID- 1126567 TI - Neuraminidase assay of influenza vaccines. AB - At present influenza vaccines are standardized on their haemagglutinin content only. Recently it has been shown that both neuraminidase and haemagglutinin antibodies are important in providing protection against the influenza virus. We have, therefore, developed an automated neuraminidase assay, based on the enzymic method of Kendal, but modified to minimise the interference by sucrose. A neuraminidase standard has been established and samples assayed against the standard have a coefficient of variation of plus or minus 6.8 percent. The assay has been adapted to measure the neuraminidase antibody level in serum. The neuraminidase to haemagglutinin ratio has been determined for various influenza strains. Both neuraminidase and haemagglutinin titres are being compared with results obtained by the single radial diffusion method. PMID- 1126568 TI - Influenza virus and ciliary beating of the respiratory epithelium in sensitized animals. AB - Normally, under good survival conditions, the ciliary beating can be observed and recorded during hours after dissection of the respiratory epithelium. When laboratory animals have been immunized locally against influenza virus (under delayed type hypersensitivity conditions) the ciliary beating stops within 3 to 6 minutes when the same virus is put in contact with the sensitized mucosa. The specificity and the immunological conditions of this stopping have been analyed and the practical importance of this new test in cellular immunology is discussed. PMID- 1126569 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to influenza virus in man. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity to influenza antigen has been demonstrated in man by means of skin tests and 'in vitro' lymphocyte transformation. Adjuvanted influenza vaccine enhances this response, in contrast to non-adjuvanted vaccine in commercial use. PMID- 1126570 TI - 'Non-specific' mediators in host defense against respiratory viruses: assay methods and results. AB - Understandably, there is interest in further defining the nature of 'non specific' defenses. This, in fact, would clarify the specific nature of their appearance and action, as well as their role in host defense. Therefore, 'non specific' defenses in my discussion will be taken to mean non-immune defenses in virus infections. Tissue or respiratory tract organ cultures are convenient means of studying host defenses in the absence of immune responses. Factors to be controlled in making observations with such systems will be discussed which help 'in vitro' results to parallel 'in vivo' findings. 'In vitro' and 'in vivo' methods and results probing importance of mucous barrier, ciliary activity, temperature and pH will be reviewed. Critical points in separating cellular and humoral immune functions from non-specific mediators will also be touched on. This distinction is complicated by the fact that both limbs of immunity work in close concert with macrophages, PMN's complement and other inflammatory responses. Interferon and macrophage mobilization are examples of 'non-specific' responses which have more recently become complicated by their recognition as part of the effector limb of the cell-mediated immune responses. Finally, methods will also be presented for distinguishing human interferon of the immune-specific variety associated with cell-mediated immunity from that produced by viral infection of non-immune cells. PMID- 1126571 TI - The immune cellular response tested by lymphocyte transformation in the streptococcal infections. AB - Thirty-five children between 6 and 17 years treated in the clinic for scarlet fever, rheumatic fever and other non-streptococcal infections as controls, were tested by lymphocyte transformation to four streptococcal antigens. In all cases of scarlet fever and especially of rheumatic fever the lymphocytes were better stimulated by streptococcal products than in the control group. The SO and the MAP fraction showed a good stimulating activity. The response in the rheumatic fever patients was not influenced by the steroid treatment, nor by the stage of the illness. A parallelism with high humoral and cellular responses to SO at the beginning of the acute rheumatic fever was observed, followed by a dissociation of both responses during the evolution with the maintenance of the cellular one and the decrease of the ASO titre. PMID- 1126572 TI - Duration of circulating and secretory antibody and cell-mediated immunity following immunization. AB - An important consideration in evaluating vaccines is the duration of immunity. The only really important measure of this immunity is the protection against infections and/or illness at various time intervals, following natural or artificial challenge. There are few data of this sort, more commonly immunity is estimated by measuring serum antibody, in many instances an erroneous measure. Serum antibody levels to respiratory viruses fall only slightly 6 months following infection or immunization. It is difficult to assess the duration of antibody for much longer than this, because of problems with intercurrent infection. With respiratory bacterial infections, e.g. pneumococcal pneumonia, parenterally-induced immunity probably lasts for only several months. Secretory antibody induced by inactivated viral vaccines, seems to persist for about a year, after having reached a peak level at about 4-6 weeks following immunization. Work with the live attenuated polio virus vaccine indicates longer lasting immunity, with detectable antibody persisting for up to 34 months. Restimulation with the inactivated polio virus vaccine produced no evidence of a secondary response (memory). Following booster immunization with influenza very little evidence of memory is seen. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI): in guinea pigs BCG sensitization can be demonstrated for at least 2-9 months. In humans, intracutaneous BCG immunization leads to positive tuberculin reaction in 6-10 weeks, and skin sensitivity lasts an average of about 4 years. There is contradicting data as to the duration of protection against infection following BCG immunization. Local and systemic CMI have been shown to exist independently of each other in experimental animals and man. PMID- 1126573 TI - Assessment of immunity to influenza using artifical challenge of normal volunteers with influenza virus. AB - The candidate humoral mediators of protection against influenza include antibody (Ab) to the viral hemagglutinin (H) or neuraminidase (N) in serum or respiratory secretions. In the present studies these mediators were evaluated principally by low dose live virus challenge of previously vaccinated volunteers. Following IM vaccination with H3N2 virus, Ab appeared in both serum and secretions and direct quantitative relationship between the two was noted. Among individuals vaccinated intranasally with comparable doses, the serum and secretion Ab responses were similar to those after IM vaccination. Irrespective of immunization method, there was a better correlation between protection and titers of serum Ab than titers of Ab in nasal secretions. After vaccination with an N-specific vaccine, an inverse correlation between titer of serum anti-neuraminidase Ab and quantity of virus in secretions occurred. This was reflected in occurrence of illness in those with low Ab titers, infection only in those with intermediate Av titers and no evidence of infection in those with high Av titers. In a naturally occurring outbreak with the England variant, a similar pattern of infection responses occurred among persons with varying titers of serum anti-hemagglutinin Ab. This suggests that, in man, Ab to the H and to the N results in similar host responses to infection and that the extent of infection is determined by magnitude ofAb present. PMID- 1126574 TI - Assessment of resistance to influenza virus infection in animal models. AB - The antibody response and immunity to challenge infection were determined in ferrets immunized with inactivated influenza vaccine in saline or adjuvant. Adjuvanated vaccines induced variable titres of serum antibody, and the degree of immunity to challenge infection was directly related to the titre of serum HI antibody induced by these vaccines. Conventional doses of saline vaccine did not induce serum HI antibody, and the ferrets were completely susceptible to challenge infection. Infection with live virus produced a more solid immunity to challenge infection than immunization with a adjuvant vaccines, even though immunization induced higher titres of serum HI antibody. Ferrets previously infected with a heterotypic influenza A virus, but not other viruses, produced serum HI antibody in response to subsequent immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine. Similar results were obtained in hamsters and mice. Thus, the failure of animals to produce antibody in response to immunization with saline inactivated vaccines was due to the absence of a previous priming infection; this prior experience would be a feature of most volunteers. Live virus infection produced nasal antibody in ferrets, but inactivated vaccines only induced serum antibody. This may explain the more solid immunity observed following infection; however, at the time of challenge infection, no nasal wash antibody could be detected. Immunization with inactivated vaccine in Freund's complete adjuvant and influenza virus infection both produced a cell-mediated immune response; thus, the difference in the degree of immunity induced by these two immunization procedures are probably not due to differences in the cell-mediated immune response. However, cell-mediated immunity was measured by skin tests and by macrophage migration inhibition tests with spleen cells; the reaction of cells from the respiratory tract may be more important, but was not measured in these studies. PMID- 1126575 TI - Effect of neuraminidase on potency of inactivated influenza virus vaccines in mice. AB - The protective effect of neuraminidase was studied in a mouse protection test using isolated neuraminidase of A2/Aichi/68(H3N2) virus and the complete recombinant virus A/eq(Heq-1)-HK(N2) as antigens. Immunized mice were protected against A2/Aichi(H3N2) challenge virus; however, the protection rate was low in comparison to animals immunized with comparable amounts of the complete A2/68(H3N2) virus9 Furthermore there was no cross-protection against A2/Asia/57(H2N2) challenge virus. The protective effect of neuraminidase was not impaired by Tween-ether treatment of the A/eq(Heq-1)-HK(N2) recombinant virus. PMID- 1126576 TI - Contribution to the standardization of influenza neuraminidase inhibition tests, based on enzyme- antienzyme kinetic studies. AB - 1. From enzyme-antienzyme kinetic studies a method for the determination of anti n2-neuraminidase antibodies has been developed. This procedure is applicable in routine diagnosis. 2. Considering the present conditions, the reversibility of the virus neuraminidase antigen-antineuraminidase antibody complex has been proved. The inhibition must be described as a non-competitive one. 3. As a reference value for comparative immunity estimations the relative antibody concentration T150 is defined as the point of reciprocal serum dilution, where under a given substrate concentration the inhibited enzyme activity vi is half of the non-inhibited enzyme activity vo. 4. For the calculation of T150 a simple formula is derived from the Michaelis-Menten kinetic. Under present conditions the value of T150 is in a range of 1.5 log 2 dilution steps plus or minus the specific serum dilution T150 uninfluenced by possible variable parameters such as enzyme activity, substrate concentration and inhibitor concentration. PMID- 1126577 TI - Potency of influenza vaccines: mouse protection experiments in correlation to field studies in man. AB - The seroconversion rates have been studied following vaccination of human volunteers with two commercial influenza vaccines. Vaccine A did not give a significant increase of hemagglutination-inhibition titers. Vaccine B, on the other hand, raised the titers 2- to 8- fold, depending on the pretiters of the individuals. The potency of the same vaccines has been tested using mouse protection experiments: vaccine B gave significantly better protection rates, as measured by survival as well as by reduction of lung lesions. These results give additional evidence that the use of mouse protection experiments for the evaluation of different influenza vaccines is meaningful. PMID- 1126578 TI - Immune response to combined live influenza virus vaccines administered intranasally. AB - The immune responses in volunteers vaccinated intranasally with a live influenza virus vaccine containing attenuated A and B strains have been studied. The hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers for both components were determined a few weeks after vaccination. They demonstrated that a good antibody response had been induced in a high percentage of volunteers. The hemagglutination inhibiting titers and percentage of seroconversion for both components were comparable to the results obtained after the intranasal administration of each component separately. PMID- 1126579 TI - An 'in vitro' marker of attenuation for live influenza virus vaccine candidates. AB - Organ cultures of ferret tracheal rings maintained in tubes for up to two months supported the growth of several strains of influenza A viruses produced by genetic recombination. These strains were developed as possible candidates for live attenuated influenza virus vaccines. By observing the effects on cilia and titrating the growth in eggs it was possible to rank these various influenza strains in order of descending virulence for the respiratory epithelium in organ culture. This rank corresponded in general to the virulence of these viruses for human volunteers. Viruses too virulent to use as vaccine strains in man regularly destroyed the ciliated epithelium of ferret trachea while strains attenuated for man usually did not. Although the ciliated respiratory epithelium of ferret was not as sensitive as that derived from human embryonic trachea, this test did identify all the tested strains too virulent for evaluation in human volunteers. PMID- 1126580 TI - Immunization schedules for influenza. AB - Although on an individual basis and for some selected closed groups immunization against influenza has proved its value over the last 30 years, it has not resulted in prevention of epidemics. The impact of vaccination on national morbidity and mortality statistics has been disappointing. The reasons for this apparent failure of disease control by immunization are discussed. It is concluded that influenza vaccination has not been practised on a large enough scale to achieve an obvious effect on the spread of the viruses in open communities. The groups of people who deserve special attention in order to minimize the damages caused by influenza epidemics are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of available types of vaccine, methods and routes of administration are assessed. It is suggested that systematic application of present knowledge would probably have more impact in the near future than efforts to increase vaccine efficacy. The main current deficiencies are identified as the difficulty of producing adequate supplies of properly constituted vaccines at short notice and the general reluctance to accept annual large-scale immunization programmes. In the view of the authors these logistic and administrative problems could be resolved by long-term coordinated planning between relevant authorities and vaccine manufacturers. PMID- 1126581 TI - Reactions to injected influenza vaccine. AB - Almost 6,000 healthy adults inoculated with influenza vaccine were asked to record daily for 5 days the presence or absence of defined local and general symptoms; 70 percent completed and returned the record. The overall incidence of subjective reactions derived in this way was high; approximately 50 percent complained of local pain and 40 percent of general symptoms. Only about one-third of vaccinees recorded no symptoms. The incidence of subjective local reactions was about 8 percent higher in women than men. Among 5,600 vaccinees a total of 63 days sickness absence was attributed to reaction in the week of immunization (1.1 days per 100 employees). Almost all the absences were of less than 3 days duration, unsupported by a doctor's certificate. In the week of vaccination sickness absence among vaccinees was not higher than that of non-vaccinees. Although the incidence of subjective reaction was found to be high and vaccination might itself cause some sickness absence, most of the reactions appear to be trivial. Among 700 employees who were interviewed 1 or 2 days after vaccination in 1973, the incidence of what was judged to be significant local pain and erythema was about 5 percent. Nevertheless,the reactions appear to have an important effect on acceptance of influenza vaccination. From the answers given to a questionnaire 30 percent of employees who refused vaccination did so either because they previously had symptoms after vaccination, or because others had told them of their occurrence. In approximately 16,500 injections, only 2 patients had an acute reaction resembling anaphylaxis. PMID- 1126582 TI - Group A streptococcal M protein vaccine: protection following immunization via the respiratory tract. AB - Previous studies have shown the efficacy of parenteral immunization of volunteers with purified type 1 M protein against challenge with homologous streptococcui (J. clin, Invest. 52: 1885, 1973). A double-blind study was conducted on 21 adults immunized by aerosol-spray into the nasopharynx, and 23 controls who received saline placebo. Two booster doses were given at monthly intervals and approximately 30 days later vaccinees and controls were challenged with homologous streptococci (10-6/ml) by swabbing the pharyngeal-tonsillar areas. Throat cultures, leukocyte counts, temperatures and physical signs and symptoms were followed to assess infection. Illness was defined as a positive throat culture, oral temperature of larger than or equal to 38 degrees C, a WBC count of twice baseline or greater than 10,000 per mm-3, exudative pharyngitis and adenopathy. Of the 43 subjects, 13 were ill by all criteria (10 controls, 3 vaccinees [p smaller than .02]); 21 were well by all criteria (6 controls and 15 vaccinees); and 10 exhibited some but not all positive criteria (7 controls, 3 vaccinees). Positive throat cultures following challenge were obtained in 19 controls and 5 vaccinees (p smaller than 0.001). There was no correlation between the pre-challenge serum antibody titer and the development of subsequent illness. It is concluded that local topical immunization with a M protein vaccine offers significant type-specific protection against challenge with streptococci. PMID- 1126583 TI - The anti-MAP and anti-group A carbohydrate antibodies response in streptococcal human infections. AB - The streptococcal infection cases from two outbreaks were serologically examined against two components of the streptococcal cellular wall; the M associated protein (MAP), by a latex agglutination test and the group A carbohydrate (A CHO), by passive hemagglutination technique. Many positive cases with high levels of both antibodies were found, in rheumatic fever and glomerulo-nephritis, comparatively with the acute streptococcal infections. The differences were statistically significant. The results were correlated with the ASO titres and with the dermic cellular response. PMID- 1126584 TI - Newcastle disease. AB - Newcastle Disease of chickens is of interest in comparative pathology because the causal virus has a wide range of pathogenicity and is of only one antigenic type. The virus can be grown to high titre and is easily titrated. Both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines give effective protection under experimental conditions. Vaccination of commercial chickens is associated with variable results, and it is now possible to investigate the factors which complicate vaccination. These include the presence of interfering respiratory infections, immunosuppressive disease of viral origin, variations in the techniques of vaccination and in the programmes of revaccination. Challenge with lethal virus given by aerosol is severe and allows an accurate assessment of the relationship between serum HI levels and the degree of protection. In the later stages of the immune process most but not all protection is associated with the IgG fraction of serum. There is also an increasing amount of evidence to show that local immunity in the respiratory tract is important in the early stages of the immune process. PMID- 1126585 TI - Newcastle disease: effects of vaccines and vaccination techniques of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies and clinical resistance. AB - Different vaccines (the lentogenic Hitchner-, the avirulent Ulster- and the mesogenic Beaudette strain) and different vaccination schemes (spray, dip, drinking water) were used in 1380 broiler-type chicks on the first day of life and at four weeks. In all these experiments an immunity status was induced sufficient to resist to a strong individual challenge infection, two weeks after the second vaccination. This uniform resistance showed no correlation with the very heterogeneous HI titers which were obtained two weeks after the second vaccination. The titers were, however, strongly dependent both of the vaccine strain used and on the vaccination method. The Beaudette spray-vaccinations provoked the highest titers. The highest post-challenge titers were seen after vaccinations with the lentogenic and avirulent strains and the lowest after challenge titers were seen when the mesogenic Beaudette strain was used. Birds with high HI titers showed a marked decrease of these HI titers two weeks after challenge, while there was an increase of HI titers in birds with low post vaccinal titers. It may be concluded that clinical resistance to NCD infection is not directly correlated with high-vaccinal HI titers. Experimental infection by natural route is essential to judge the immune status of fowls. PMID- 1126586 TI - Immunity to mycoplasma infections of the respiratory system in the domestic fowl and turkey. AB - The mycoplasma infecting and sometimes causing disease of the respiratory system in both species are M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, while M. meleagridis affects the turkey only. M. gallisepticum has received the greatest attention and natural infection is reported to result in protection varying greatly in degree and duration. Vaccination with living organisms either by the respiratory or intravenous routes results in a high degree of protection against air sac challenge for at least a few weeks. Killed organisms administered intravenously result in a lesser degree of protection to this challenge but when given intranasally provide no protection. M. gallisepticum survives in the respiratory tract and perhaps in other organs and tissues for long periods after infection, perhaps in latent form. However, intercurrent infection and other avian respiratory pathogens may precipitate multiplication of the organism and disease in birds apparently resistant to challenge with mycoplasma alone. The mechanism of protection has not been extensively studied and production and significance of local antibody or a cell-mediated response have not been determined. However, bursectomized chickens vaccinated against M. gallisepticum show much less resistance compared with controls but the exact part played by humoral antibody is still in doubt. Similar observations have been made with M. synoviae. PMID- 1126587 TI - Efficacy of inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine in man. AB - Inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine produced antibody responses that reached protective levels in most individuals. These were almost equivalent to natural infection in amount and duration, and they persisted more than a year. Adverse effects were inconsequential. At Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, where the annual rate of mycoplasma pneumonia varied from 20 to 50 per 1000 since 1959, protection studies were conducted in 21, 199 men in 1964-1966 and in 13, 892 men in 1969-1971. This produced a 36 percent reduction in bronchitis and a 45 percent reduction in pneumonia due to all etiologies in the frist study and 37 percent and 48 percent respectively in the second study. The protective efficacy of the second vaccine was 87 percent for acutebronchitis and 66 percent for pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Persons who developed Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in spite of vaccination did not experience more severe illnesses. PMID- 1126588 TI - Prevalence of concurrent diabetes mellitus and idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy). AB - Diabetes mellitus was present in 11.4 per cent of 684 patients with Bell's palsy, in 28.4 per cent of the sixty-seven with recurrent or bilateral palsy, and in 16.8 percent of the 440 with palsy who were thirty years or older. Diabetes was present in only 3.8 per cent of 27,399 persons thirty years or older who had never had Bell's palsy and who underwent multiphasic health testing. These figures clearly indicate that diabetes is more common among patients with Bell's palsy than among persons who have never had that disease; and that the risk of Bell's palsy is increased in patients with diabetes. The diabetic patient is more prone than the non-diabetic person to nerve degeneration, and this tendency to nerve degeneration is not age-related. Although 10 per cent of our patients with Bell's palsy and known diabetes were younger than thirty-nine years, we now advise screening for blood sugar elevation only for patients who are forty years or older, or who have recurrent or bilateral facial paralysis. PMID- 1126589 TI - Prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance in 199 offspring of thirty-seven conjugal diabetic parents. AB - We have studied the prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance, both cross sectionally and longitudinally, in a cohort of 199 offspring of conjugal diabetic parents. Although the prevalence of already known diabetes was low (11.5 per cent), twenty-eight of 123 tested offspring (23 per cent), ranging in age from ten to sixty (mean 32.6) years had latent diabetes on their initial glucose tolerance test. Eighty of 123 tested offspring had a normal initial glucose tolerance test. Forty-one of those whose first glucose tolerance test was normal were retested after a mean of 9.4 years and showed no significant change in mean glucose tolerance. On the basis of questionnaire data only, we estimate that cumulatively 36.5 per cent of offspring will have diabetes by the age of sixty years. However, if all offspring are routinely surveyed with glucose tolerance tests, 60 per cent will have abnormal glucose tolerance by the age of sixty years. In view of the high prevalence of asymptomatic latent diabetes, genetic studies of diabetes should not be based on questionnaire data. In six families all offspring were diabetic; in twenty-one families there was a mixture of diabetic and nondiabetic offspring; and in ten none of the offspring was diabetic. The finding of families with no diabetic offspring suggests the possibility of genetic heterogeneity of diabetes in the parents. Most of the parents had maturity-onset diabetes with a mean age at diagnosis of 54.5 years of age. Diabetes among their offspring was generally of a mild maturity-onset type. Only 2 per cent of offspring at risk had developed juvenile-onset type diabetes. Thus the prevalence of any metabolic abnormalities in offspring of two maturity onset type parents cannot be assumed to be relevant to the offspring of parents with juvenile-onset type diabetes. PMID- 1126590 TI - Influence of oral glucose ingestion on splanchnic glucose and gluconeogenic substrate metabolism in man. AB - To evaluate the role of splanchnic and peripheral tissues in the disposal of an oral glucose load, splanchnic exchange of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol and amino acids was determined in ten healthy subjects in the basal state and for three hours following the oral ingestion of 100 gm. of glucose. Following glucose ingestion, splanchnic glucose output rose rapidly, reaching values two to three times the basal rate at fifteen minutes and returning to baseline by ninety minutes. A secondary rise in splanchnic glucose output occurred at 150 minutes and coincided with a secondary increment in arterial glucose. Total splanchnic glucose output over three hours was 40 plus or minus 3 gm., representing a total increase of only 15 plus or minus 3 gm. above basal splanchnic glucose output. The peak rise in blood glucose was directly proportional to the increase in splanchnic glucose output. Arterial concentrations of alanine, lactate and pyruvate rose by 15, 65 and 80 per cent, respectively, following oral glucose. These arterial elevations were preceded by a 75-100 per cent inhibition of splanchnic uptake of alanine and lactate; in the case of pyruvate there was a reversal from a net uptake in the basal state to a significant net splanchnic output after glucose ingestion. Arterial glycerol fell by 50 per cent and was accompanied by a comparable fall in splanchnic uptake. It is concluded that in normal, postabsorptive man, (a) the major portion of a 100 gm. oral glucose load is retained within the splanchnic bed; (b) only 15 per cent of the ingested glucose is available for disposal by peripheral tissues as increased (above basal) glucose utilization; (c) the height and shape or the oral glucose tolerance curve are largely determined by the rate and pattern of splanchnic glucose escape; (d) glucose-induced hyperlactatemia, hyperpyruvicemia and hyperalaninemia are due at least in part, to altered splanchnic exchange of these substrates. PMID- 1126591 TI - Modulation of fatty acid metabolism by glucagon in man. I. Effects in normal subjects. AB - This investigation was designed to examine the contribution of glucagon to the regulation of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism in man. The acute effects of exogenous glucagon upon the concentration of plasma FFA and its metabolites: acetoacetic acid (AcAc), beta hydroxybutyric acid (BOH), and triglyceride (TG) were assessed in five normal male subjects. The threshold of response was determined by administering intravenous glucagon in a graded dose-response fashion, andassessing the magnitude of change in FFA and its metabolites. A prompt rise in FFA concentration occurred after glucagon injection, and was associated with a synchronous elevation in both AcAc and BOH concentration in plasma. The rise in FFA concentration was maximal with the glucagon dosage of 0.5 mug./kg. with no greater FFA response seen athigher hormone dosage. In contrast, the rise in plasma ketones was linearly related to thedosage of glucagon but not to the corresponding rise in FFA concentration. The behavior of plasma triglyceride concentration following glucagon challenge also contrasted with the linear rise in ketone concentration. At the lowest dosage of glucagon, TG concentration rose transiently, while at the highest two dosages the concentration of TG was reduced. The transitional dosage of hormone at which no change in TG concentration was observed was approximately 0.5 mug./kg. Comparing our in vivo data with the conclusions reached from published liver perfusion studies, it can be suggested that in the dosages employed, glucagon acutely elevates plasma FFA concentration and modulates their metabolism by augmenting conversion to AcAc and BOH while tending to reduce conversion to TG in man. PMID- 1126592 TI - Barium or gastrografin: which contrast media for diagnosis of esophageal tears? AB - In order to study the effects of the commonly employed contrast media alone and in combination with bacteria in the mediastinum, various mixtures of barium and meglamine diatrizoate (Gastrografin) with and without flora were instilled in the mediastinum of 29 domestic cats. The animals were killed for pathological studies at serial time intervals following mediastina injection. These data demonstrate that water-soluble contrast media cause no significant histological reaction. Barium causes granuloma formation but has no additional deleterious effects when mixed with flora. Barium has superior physical properties of mucosal coating and radiographic density. It should be employed as the contrast agent of choice in difficult clinical problems with regard to esophageal tears. A water-soluble contrast study of the esophagus may be utilized as the initial diagnostic procedure, but if this is normal a follow-up barium esophagram is recommended. PMID- 1126593 TI - Carcinoma and epithelial dysplasia complicating ulcerative colitis. AB - The pathology of 19 specimens of carcinoma complicating ulcerative colitis, resected in the University Department of Surgery of the General Infirmary at Leeds, was reviewed with particular reference to the incidence of epithelial dysplasia. The carcinomas were found to be more frequently multiple, more evenly distributed in the large bowel, and much more often of atypical macroscopic appearances and of mucoid histological type than ordinary colorectal carcinomas, but the proportion of poorly differentiated tumours complicating ulcerative colitis was not as high as previously reported. Of the patients in our series 26% are alive and well at least 5 years after surgery. Unequivocal epithelial dysplasia was demonstrated in some part of the large intestine in 15 of 19 specimens with colitis carcinoma, but was also found in 4 of 14 specimens from a "control" series of patients with longstanding total colitis but without carcinoma. Clearly, therefore, the finding of dysplasia in a rectal biopsy of a patient with colitis is not a reliable guide to the presence of a frank carcinoma elsewhere in the bowel. Whether it indicates a special predisposition to the development of a growth in the future, as might be postulated from the analogy of similar changes in other organs, cannot be determined on the data of this study. The fact that epithelial dysplasia when present in colitis is often patchy in distribution and frequently spares the rectum even in patients with definite carcinomas makes a negative rectal biopsy particularly unreliable in deciding on the absence of a tumour or the lack of predisposition to it. Multiple biopsies from different parts of the colon as well as the rectum would thus seem to be desirable if mucosal sampling is to be employed as a screening test. PMID- 1126594 TI - Control of gastric emptying by osmolality of duodenal contents in man. AB - During the steady state perfusion of the duodenum, recovery of a duodenal marker (polyethylene glycol 4000) can be used to quantify intraduodenal volumes. We used this technique to measure and time the recovery from the duodenum of a second nonabsorbable marker, phenol red. When liquid test meals containing phenol red were placed in the stomach, the rate of gastric emptying could be quantified from the appearance of the maker in the duodenum. The osmolality of either test meal or duodenal perfusates was then varied so that the osmotic control of gastric emptying could be examined. Gastric emptying was fastest when duodenal contents were isotonic; nonisotonic duodenal contents slowed emptying whether these conditions were achieved by nonisotonic duodenal perfusates or by emptying of a nonisotonic test meal. However, nonisotonic solutions in the stomach and in the jejunum did not slow gastric emptying, so long as duodenal contents were isotonic. Osomoreceptors, which slow gastric emptying, are present in the duodenum but not in the jejunum or stomach. PMID- 1126595 TI - Early lymphoepithelial relationships in human appendix. A combined light- and electron-microscopic study. AB - The fine structure of human appendix was studied from the earliest stages of lymphoid development in fetuses to the definitive relationships found in children up to 8 years old. Follicular accumulations of lymphocytes were observed first in the mesenchyme immediately beneath epithelium which contained a predominance of goblet cells on the surface and in the crypts. Larger accumulations of lymphoid cells in older fetuses were intimately related to surface epithelium but not to the epithelium of crypts. At the point of invasion of lymphoid cells into surface epithelium, the goblet cell population diminished and epithelial cells displaying a morphologically distinct form of differentiation were observed. They were characterized by the presence of irregular microvilli or microfolds and numerous apical micropinocytotic vesciles. This follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) appeared ultrastructurally identical with epithelium in chicken bursa of Fabricius, mouse Peyer's patch, and rabbit appendix, which has been shown to be capable of transporting ferritin and India ink tracer from the lumen to underlying tissue. It appeared identical to specialized epithelial cells of adult human Peyer's patches. FAE was maintained through the neonatal period into childhood. We speculate that the biological significance of FAE is to provide a channel through which antigens may stimulate clonal proliferation and seeding of B-lymphocytes throughout the lamina propria of internal mucous surfaces. PMID- 1126596 TI - Radioimmunoassay for motilin. AB - A specific radioimmunoassay for motilin has been developed with the use of antisera to porcine motilin raised in guinea pigs. Highly purified 125-I-motilin was used as the tracer and the sensitivity range was 10 to 320 pg. No cross reactivity was demonstrated with gastric inhibitory polypeptide, secretin, glucagon, gastrin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, or vasoactive intestinal peptide. In dogs with denervated pouches of the fundus of the stomach and Mann Bollman fistulae, duodenal alkalinization resulted in an increase in gastric motor activity in the fundic pouch with a corresponding increase in serum motilin. PMID- 1126597 TI - Inhibition of gastric emptying is a physiological action of cholecystokinin. AB - This study was designed to determine whether cholecystokinin (CCK) plays a physiological role in the inhibition of gastric emptying. Physiological conditions were simulated by giving CCK by continuous intravenous infusion rather than by bolus injection, by using doses known to be distinctly submaximal for pancreatic protein secretion, and for gallbladder contraction, and by releasing endogenous CCK. The rate of gastric emptying was determined in 4 dogs with gastric fistulas by measuring the volume of fluid remaining in the stomach 10 min after instillation of 300 ml of 0.15 M NaCl. Rate of emptying was studied during intravenous infusion of saline (control) and of different doses of 98% pure CCK, commerically available 20% pure CCK, synthetic COOH-terminal octapeptide of CCK (OP-CCK), pentagastrin, and heptadecapeptide gastrin. The effect of endogenously released CCK was studied by measuring the rate of emptying of solutions in which different concentrations of tryptophan replaced equiosmolar amounts of NaCl. The d50's of 20% pure CCK (3 U kg minus-1 hr minus-1) and of OP-CCK (125 ng kg minus 1 hr minus-1) for inhibition of gastric emptying were about the same as their D50's for cholecystokinetic and pancreozyminic actions. By contrast, although both pentagastrin and heptadecapeptide gastrin inhibited gastric emptying, the doses required for this action were much higher than the D50's required for stimulation of gastric acid secretion. The effectiveness of OP-CCK indicates that inhibition of gastric emptying is attributable to CCK itself and not to an impurity in the CCK preparation. We have confirmed this directly by showing that pure CCK is a potent inhibitor of gastric emptying. Tryptophan also inhibited gastric emptying. In other dogs pancreatic protein secretion and gallbladder contraction were shown to be stimulated during the time tryptophan was inhibiting gastric emptying. This evidence supports the view that inhibition of gastric emptying is one of the physiological actions of CCK, but in the case of gastrin it must be regarded as a pharmacological action. PMID- 1126598 TI - Thiamine transport across the rat intestine. I. Normal characteristics. AB - The characteristics of normal thiamine transport across the intestine were studied in rats using intact intestinal loops and everted jejunal segments. In vivo studies with [35-S]-thiamine hydrochloride revealed, in all segments of small intestine, saturation kinetics for low thiamine concentrations (0.06 to 1.5 muM), but a linear relationship between high concentrations (2 to 560 muM) and absorption. Moreover, in vitro studies of net transmural flux using everted jejunal sacs demonstrated movement of [14-C]-thiamine hydrochloride against a concentration gradient only when low, but not when high, thiamine concentration was used, so that the serosal to mucosal ratio became significantly greater than the initial value of one. Pyrithiamine, 2 muM, dinitrophenol, 200 muM, norethylmaleimide, 100 muM, and ouabain, 10 muM, reduced the net transmural flux of 0.2 muM thiamine. In contrast, these inhibitors had no effect on 20 muM thiamine. When unidirectional flux across the jejunum was measured, saturation kinetics was again demonstrated for low thiamine concentrations. This phenomenon, however, was abolished by the addition of pyrithiamine, which exerted competitive inhibition on thiamine absorption. Anoxia and sodium lack reduced intestinal uptake of 0.5 muM thiamine to 58% and 74% of normal, respectively, but did not affect uptake of 50 muM thiamine. Lowering the marked with low thiamine concentrations (O10, 1.648) than with high concentration (Q10, 1.127). Stirring of the water layer reduced Km to 59% of unstirred value, while Vmax and permeability coefficient remained unchanged. Finally, movement of low concentration thiamine against an electrical gradient was observed under conditions of electrical short circuiting and zero potential difference. In contrast, no such effect was seen with high concentrations. These studies suggest that there exists in the rat a dual system of intestinal thiamine transport. At low concentrations, thiamine is absorbed by an active process; at high concentrations, transport across the intestine is largely a passive movement. PMID- 1126599 TI - Effects of bombesin and bombesin-like peptides on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity. AB - Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity was studied during intravenous infusion of bombesin and bombesin-like peptides in conscious dogs with electrodes chronically implanted at different levels between the stomach and the rectum. The peptides used were bombesin, the COOH-terminal hepta- octa-, and nonapeptide of bombesin, and litorin, a new natural peptide isolated from the skin of Litoria aurea. Bombesin significantly increased the frquency of pacesetter potentials (PP) in tha antrum, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In the duodenum and jejunum the increase of PP frequency showed linear correlation with the reduction of PP amplitude. The propagation velocity of PP was clearly reduced. Spikes were not affected in the antrum and ileum, whereas they were abolished in the duodenum and jejunum. In the duodenum the increase of PP frequency and the slowing down of propagation velocity was followed by the loss of PP phase lock and the appearance of a characteristic electric pattern, consisting of an irregular sequence of small and slow potentials ("electric disorganization"). The mechanical counterpart was the disappearance of intraluminal pressure activity. In the colon the effect of bombesin on electric activity was not consistent. Neither the COOH terminal heptapeptide nor the octapeptide of bombesin showed a significant effect on myoelectric activity, whereas the effect of COOH-terminal-nonapeptide and litorin was similar to that of bombesin. Thus, the characteristic electric changes of PP produced by bombesin appear to be related to the sequence of the nine amino acids in the COOH-terminal residue of the bombesin molecule. PMID- 1126600 TI - Morphological and functional effects of bile salts on rat colon. AB - By correlating morphological observations with quantitative measurements of net water transport, we determined whether bile salts altered colonic absorptive cells. Epithelial alteration was equivocal and water absorption was uninhibited during infusions of 1 mM deoxycholate or of concentrations of taurocholate less than 10 mM. In contrast, 3 mM deoxycholate and greater than 10 mM taurocholate caused severe altertion of colonic epithelium and inhibited water absorption. These studies suggest that bile salts in the low concentrations normally found within the colon have little effect on colonic structure or water absorption. On the other hand, abnormally high concentrations of bile salts do alter colonic mucosal structure and function. PMID- 1126601 TI - Value of gallbladder B-scan ultrasonography. AB - The gallbladder B-scans of 20 patients who had subsequent surgery were separated into three categories based upon certain sonographic criteria. Our data, in this limited series, revealed gallbladder pathology in each patient who had any one or combination of the following scan characteristics: (1) internal echos, (2) irregular wall, or (3) absence of recognizable gallbladder sonolucency. The category which demonstrated a normal sonographic gallbladder, namely a smooth wall and no internal echos, contained a number of false negatives which proved to have either small stone cholelithiasis or extraphepatic ductal obstruction. Within the described limitations, the B-scan can be a valuable test in confirming the significance of a radiographically nonvisualized gallbladder or in detecting a biliary tract lesion in a patient with a disease entity that precludes radiographic visualization by conventional techniques. PMID- 1126602 TI - Serum free proline and free hydroxyproline in patients with chronic liver disease. AB - Serum free proline and free hydroxyproline were determined in 71 patients with liver disease and in 62 control subjects. The group with liver disease included 60 patients with liver cirrhosis and 11 with chronic active liver disease. Forty five of the cirrhotic patients were alcoholics, 9 of which were studied during an episode of alcoholic hepatitis. The control group consisted of 24 healthy volunteers, 19 primary malnourished patients, and 19 severely ill patients without liver disease. The values obtained in normal subjects were quite constant; no differences related to sex or age were detected. In patients with malnutrition, and especially in severely ill patients, the proline values were always below the normal limit. Patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis or chronic active liver disease had serum proline and hydroxyproline values similar to those of normal subjects. However, the patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis had proline and hydroxyproline values significantly higher than the normal group. Furthermore, in patients with alcoholic hepatitis the serum free proline values were significantly higher than in the other groups. The results suggest that alcohol might have a direct effect on proline metabolism or facilitate its release from the liver cell. PMID- 1126603 TI - Noncirrhotic presinusoidal portal hypertension associated with chronic arsenical intoxication. AB - A 39-year-old male with bleeding esophageal varices due to portal hypertension was observed. The patient had taken an arsenical preparation during a period of 12 yr because of psoriasis and subsequently developed keratotic changes of the palms and soles of his feet and an epithelioma of the scrotum. Physical examination was unremarkable except for splenomegaly and skin lesions. Liver function tests were normal; a needle biopsy of the liver (right lobe) showed nonspecific changes. Combined hepatic and umbilicoportal catheterization revealed, on splenography and portography, huge esophageal varices and patent portal vein; dilation, distortion, and cut-off of many intrahepatic portal branches were found. A marked gradient existed between the free portal venous pressure (25 mm Hg) and the wedged hepatic venous pressure (9.5 mm Hg). Hepatic blood flow, portal PO2, cardiac output, cardiac index, and blOOD volume were within normal range. Arteriographies did not reveal arteriovenous shunts in the splanchnic or splenic vessels. A splenorenal shunt were performed and a wedged biopsy of the liver (left lobe) revealed nonspecific changes. Three years later the patient had not experienced any episode of hemorrhage or hepatic encephalopathy but developed an epithelioma of the tongue. No known cause could be incriminated in the pathogenesis of the portal hypertension. However, there was unequivocal chronic arsenic intoxication. Toxic hepatitis, cirrhosis, noncirrhotic portal hypertension, and hemangiosarcoma of the liver have been reported with the intake of arsenicals. Thus, it is suggested that in this patient, presinusoidal portal hypertension was secondary to chronic arsenical intake associated with marked intrahepatic vascular changes seen on portography. PMID- 1126604 TI - Jaundice due to erythromycin estolate. AB - A 43-year-old male developed abdominal pain and jaundice after the administration of erythromycin estolate. The diagnosis was strongly suspected on clinical grounds, but ultimate confirmation depends upon the demonstration of biochemical and morphological alterations after challenge with the drug. PMID- 1126605 TI - Letter: Prednisone and azathioprine treatment of liver disease. PMID- 1126606 TI - Letter: Lymphocyte responsiveness in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 1126607 TI - Small intestinal mucosal injury in the experimental blind loop syndrome. Light- and electron-microscopic and histochemical studies. AB - Microscopic (light and electron) and histochemical abnormalities have been demonstrated in the jejunum of rats with the blind loop syndrome. Three groups of animals were studied: normal control animals, and animals with either self filling (SF) or self-emptying (SE) blind loops. Vitamin B12 malabsorption and bacterial overgrowth occurred only in those animals with SF blind loops. Three jejunal segments were studied: the blind loop segment and the jejunal segments proximal and distal to the blind loop. In the animals with the blind loop syndrome, those with SF blind loops, the most striking findings occurred in the blind loop itself, with similar but less marked changes in the jejunum distal but not proximal to the blind loop segment. Hypertrophy of both crypts and villi was evident with focal abnormalities of villus architecture. Approximately 10 to 20% of the columnar cells in the upper half of the villi were swollen and vesiculated. By electron microscopy microvilli demonstrated a variety of degeneration changes and the glycocalyx and terminal web were disrupted. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), both smooth and rough, were swollen. Concentric whorls of parallel membranes and long, curvilinear rough ER were present in the cytoplasm. Histochemically, there was loss of enzymatic activity in the epithelial brush border, mitochondria and ER. Inasmuch as bacterial invasion of the jejunal mucosa was not seen, the etiology of these changes is not known but may involve bacterial "toxins" or products of bacterial metabolism. These morphological observations demonstrate that both brush border and intracellular injury occur in the jejunal epithelial cell of rats with the experimental blind loop syndrome. PMID- 1126608 TI - [Balanced synthetic diet in gynaecological operations]. AB - A balanced synthetic diet, the so called astronaut-diet was given to nine gynaecological patients with recto-vaginal fistulas or operation for aplasia of the vagina. By the reduction of stool quanitity and the change to an almost sterile stool, wound healing was very much enhanced. This diet is recommended for some operations involving the vagina and rectum. PMID- 1126609 TI - [Basic pathology of sigma and rectum in geriatric-gynaecological laparotomies]. AB - This is a report on 49 women with sigmoiditis and 66 women with sigmoido-rectal carcinoma. These cases were collected in 18 women hospitals in West-Berlin over a period of 10 years, from 1960 until 1969. All patients were at least 60 years old. In most of these cases laparotomy was performed for gynaecological reasons. The post-operative mortality was 40.9%. It is pointed out that the whole spectrum of diagnostic procedures was not fully utilized; today laparoscopies and ultrasound are added when indicated. Inflammatory processes of the sigma as well as sigmoido-rectal carcinoma are typical geriatrical diseases that will increase with rising life expectancy thus constituting an important part of the differential-diagnostic section of geriatric gynaecology. PMID- 1126610 TI - [Psychological problems in heterologous insemination]. AB - Heterologous insemination is being established in increasing numbers in Anglo Saxon, middle and north European countries, although some medical, legal and theological-ethical aspects are still not settled. Our experiences with this type of sterilisation in regard to marriage stability and psycho-physical development of the children are positive. During the months of insemination, even with psychically balanced couples, conflicts arise such as disturbed vita sexualis (sexual life) emotional stress situations or aggravation from the husband's inferiority complex which can endanger the success of the treatment or even the marriage. The doctor in charge of insemination has the responsibility to discuss and analyse arising problems with the couple so that both husband and wife are emotionally and intellectually prepared when pregnancy occurs. PMID- 1126611 TI - [The serum and uterine muscle concentrations of Cephradin and Cephalothin]. AB - On the day of operation 2 grams of Cephradin was given intravenously to 33 patient and 2 grams of Cephalothin was given intravenously to 31 patients. At various time intervals, uterine tissue and serum was removed. The mean serum concentrations of Cephradin were 3 times higher and the mean tissue concentrations of Cephradin were 7-8 times higher than the corresponding concentrations of Cephalothin. Because of the difference in protein binding of the examined cephalosporins (Cephradin 6%, Cephalothin 60-65%) the difference for the antimicrobially active portion (Protein free portion) is even more favorable for Cephradin. The significance of these pharmacokinetic differences for the treatment are obvious. PMID- 1126612 TI - [Morphological study on 167 Wertheim-operation specimens (author's transl)]. AB - The squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix was examined in 167 cases with the regard to the spreading and the dependence of metastazation on the size of the primary tumor. Up to a primary tumor size of 5 + 10 + 10 mm a metastazation of 1,58% in the lymph nodes, of 30,9% at stage Ib and of 57,6% at stage II was found. The metastazation rate from one stage to the other seems not to be continuously but skippy. The hysterectomy seems to be an entirely sufficient therapy in case of a microcarcinoma, provided that accurate three-dimensional measurement proves that the size does not exceed 5 + 10 + 10 mm. The Wertheim's operation should give its best results at stage Ib, as long as it includes the careful removal of the pelvic lymph nodes. PMID- 1126613 TI - [Long term results after Latzko operation for vesico-vaginal fistula]. AB - The Latzko operation for the closure of a vesico-vaginal fistula is still not well enough known. Urologists have voiced doubts about the functional quality of the late results after this operation. Pouches in the bladder wall which could lead to infection and stone formation are said to occur frequently. Follow-up studies regarding this question are not known. Therefore the patients treated at the University Hospitals Erlangen-Nuernberg and Graz between 1962 and 1972 were subjected to a standardized follow-up protocol. Of 37 women who had the Latzko operation, 24 women returned for a follow-up examination. 19 women had no intermittent urinary tract disease and the follow-up results were normal. In many instances a scar corresponding to the previous fistula could not be detected on cystoscopy. Immediately after the operation, one patient had a recurrent fistula and has not been re-operated. Four women had significant urinary tract findings or had intermittent urinary tract disease. These complications were possibly due to the operation in one case and likely due to the operation in a second case. Our findings suggests that the Latzko operation is the method of choice for the treatment of the typical post-hysterectomy vesico-vaginal fistula. PMID- 1126614 TI - [On the question of recurrent carcinoma in-situ of the uterine cervix]. AB - Among 280 patients with carcinoma in-situ of the uterine cervix treated from 1961 to 1970, a review of the histology revealed 50 patients in which the carcinoma in situ had been removed with certainty by conization. None of these patients was found to have had a recurrence. In the literature, 13 observations of a recurrence of carcinoma in-situ after complete removal by conization were located among 3, 129 cases. It is concluded that true recurrence after complete removal of carcinoma in-situ by conization is rare and that conization is adequate treatment for carcinoma in-situ for patients who attend regular follow-up examinations. PMID- 1126615 TI - [Pull through operation for endometriosis of the recto-sigmoid]. AB - Case report on endometriosis of the recto-sigmoid which caused intestinal stenosis. Concomitant endometriosis of the right ovary was removed by a right salpingo-oophorectomy. The recto-sigmoid endometriosis was resected and intestinal continuity established by the pull through method of Hollenbach preserving the anal sphincter. The patient was well 6 years following the operation. PMID- 1126616 TI - [Aspiration biopsy in ovarian tumours]. AB - The value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in ovarian tumours is determined comparing cytological and histological findings. In our material of 53 cases cytological diagnostic accuracy is 92.6%. Further cytological classification occasionally is possible. Additional studies are necessary to permit final conclusions about the applicability and diagnostic accuracy of the method. PMID- 1126617 TI - [Unexpected situations during laparatomia]. AB - This is a report of a case of a malignant Haemangiopericytom in a 49 year old woman. Four solitary tumors were discovered in connective tissue of the right side of the pelvis, which histologically presented a variety of forms, partially mature, partially immature embryonal tissue, in which the atypical proliferating vessel-portion was predominant. PMID- 1126618 TI - Fitness of karyotypes in Drosophila pseudoobscura. AB - In the dynamics of the survival of chromosomal polymorphism selection may be operating at the genic level, at the chromosomal level or at the supergene level. Tests designed to distinguish between these levels were run on Drosophila pseudoobscura. There was no evidence for heterosis, a necessary requirement for gene-determined chromosomal polymorphism A strong chromosmal selection was observed. No evidence was found for the presence within one locality of more than a single superallele for each supergene (equals gene order). These results are compared to those found by others. PMID- 1126619 TI - Further evidence for selective differences between isoalleles in Drosophila. AB - A number of separate strains of Drosophila pseudoobscura were inbred for 38 generations of brother-sister mating with forced heterozygosity for two alleles of either the octanol dehydrogenase or esterase-5 locus. Crosses were set up within each of these inbred lines such that simple mendelian ratios were expected, and eggs from these crosses were placed on media with additions simple chemicals likely to interact with alleles of the two loci--octanol and ethanol for the ODH locus and tributyrin and triacetin for the E-5 locus. Similar crosses were set up involving parental flies with normally heterozygous genetic background as a control.--Significant deviations from mendelian expectation were observed in inbred E-5 flies grown on tributyrin, inbred ODH males grown on octanol, and inbred ODH females grown on ethanol. There was also a strong effect of octanol medium on males of one of the inbred E-5 lines, and a weak effect of tributyrin medium on ODH inbred females.--The probability that these results reflect interactions between these loci and the environment is assessed in the light of differences between the present results and those obtained at earlier stages of inbreeding. PMID- 1126620 TI - The response of dopa decarboxylase activity to variations in gene dosage in Drosophila: a possible location of the structural gene. AB - A location of the structural gene(s) for dopa decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.26) is proposed on the basis of enzyme determinations in a set of duplication-bearing aneuploids, which revealed only one dosage-sensitive region in the Drosophila genome. This region lies between 36EF and 37D on the left arm of chromosome 2. PMID- 1126621 TI - Evidence for the single phase pairing theory of meiosis. AB - The segregation pattern of an attached X chromosome with several Y-autosome translocations conflicts with the expectations based on the distributive pairing hypothesis because the chromosomes segregating from the translocation configuration include both exchange and non-exchange chromosomes. The results of the second experiment involving three compound chromosomes go even further; they suggest that the essential association which determines the segregation of nonhomologous elements is in fact set up prior to the time of crossing over. PMID- 1126622 TI - Chemical selection of mutants that affect alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila. II. Use of 1-pentyne-3-ol. AB - We describe a procedure for the selection of alcohol dehyrogenase negative mutants in Drosophila. The method consists of exposing eggs and larvae to low concentrations of 1-pentyne-3-ol dissolved in the culture medium. Only those flies with greatly reduced levels of alcohol dehydrogenase activity survive. In addition, genotypically negative flies die if their mothers are alcohol dehydrogenase positive. Using this procedure and formaldehyde to generate mutants, we were able to detect seven alcohol dehydrogenase negative mutants out of 350,000 individuals subjected to selection. At least five of the mutants contain small deletions that include the alcohol dehydrogenase locus. PMID- 1126623 TI - Fitness of allozyme variants in Drosophila pseudoobscura. I. Selection at the PGM 1 and Me-2 loci. AB - We have studied in Drosophila pseudoobscura the effect of allozyme variation on seven fitness components: female fecundity, egg hatchability, egg-to-adult survival under near-optimal and under competitive conditions, rate of development under near-optimal and under competitive conditions, and mating capacity of males. Three genotypes at each of two loci, Pgm-1 and Me-2, have been studied in various combinations. These two loci are highly polymorphic in natural populations of D. pseudoobscura. Statistically significant differences involving one or more genotypes exist for all components of fitness. No single genotype is best for all fitness components; rather the relative fitnesses of genotypes are reversed when different parameters are considered, or when they are studied in different environmental conditions. Also, the average egg-to-adult survival and rate of development are better when different genotypes are reared together than when they occur in pure culture. Four different modes of selection have been uncovered by our experiments. These forms of selection may account for the persistence of the two allozyme polymorphisms in nature, and for previously observed seasonal fluctuations of the allelic frequencies in natural populations. PMID- 1126624 TI - Genetic organization and adaptive response of allozymes to ecological variables in Fundulus heteroclitus. AB - Populations of Fundulus heteroclitus, (Cyprinodontidae) a widespread coastal marine fish, were studied in control and artificially heated environments on the North Shore of Long Island, New York to determine (1) patterns of variation in biochemical phenotypes and (2) the extent to which this variation reflected adaptation to environmental characteristics. Variation at three of twelve polymorphic isoenzyme loci from the warm water population was beyond the range of variation among control populations, and resembled those determined for populations living at more southern latitudes. Hence, these differences were interpreted as adaptations to warm environments. Significant differences in allele frequencies and zygotic proportions at ten of twelve isoenzyme loci were found associated with differences in environments, sexes, and/or age classes. These data strongly support the view that protein polymorphisms are adaptive. Several observations suggested that selection acts upon multilocus phenotypes rather than upon those of single loci. Several di-locus phenotypic distributions were demonstrated to be nonrandom, and those that exhibited similar patterns of dependence over years were postulated to be maintained by selection. Highly heterozygous fish exhibited superior viability when cohorts were compared over successive years. The consequences of the polygynous mating system in this species for maintaining genetic variation and for allowing rapid evolutionary response to a variable environment are discussed. PMID- 1126625 TI - Studies of mutations in T4 control genes 33 and 55. AB - Available mutations in transcriptional control genes 33 and 55 of coliphage T4 have been examined. By complementation analysis and map position, 15 mutants (13 in T4D, 2 in T4B) have been shown to lie in gene 33 and 6 (5 in T4D, 1 in T4B) in gene 55. According to patterns of suppression and recombination, these mutants define three distinct amber sites in gene 33 and also three distinct amber sites in gene 55. All of these mutations are true amber mutations, in apparent contrast to some traditional T4 "amber" mutants which grow in su+ E. coli CR63 but not in su minus E. coli B because of a strain difference other than the su+ determinant. Evidence is presented that, contrary to previous suggestions (BOLLE et al. 1968; pulitzer and geiduschek 1970), the gene 33 product is absolutely essential for T4 development. PMID- 1126626 TI - A genetic and biochemical study of histidine biosynthesis in Micrococcus luteus. AB - Histidine auxotrophs of Micrococcus luteus strain ATCC 27141 were induced by treatment of the parent strain with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Auxotrophs were biochemically characterized by examining culture accumulations of histidine intermediates, using paper chromatography and the Bratton-Marshall test, and growth responses to L-histidinol. his(IG) mutants failed to accumulate Pauly-positive imidazoles; his(EAHF) mutants accumulated 5-amino-1-ribosyn-4 imidazole carboxamide; hisB mutants accumulated imidazoleglycerol; hisC mutants accumulated imidazoleacetol; hisD mutants, but did stimulate all other histidine mutants, blocked at earlier steps in the biosynthetic pathway. In addition, imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydrase activity was assayed in representative mutants of each class. hisB mutants lacked activity for this enzyme.--Two -point, three-point, and cotransformation analyses resolved linkage relationships of histidine genes and in two gene clusters aided in determining their sequences. Histidine biosynthetic genes exist in at least four separate, unlinked regions of the chromosome. One histidine gene cluster linked to a tryptophan gene cluster and appears to be contiguous in the sequence his(IG) -his(EAHF)-trpE-trpC-trpA. A second and unlinked histidine cluster has the tentative gene sequence his(EAHF) hisB-hisC-his(EAHF). The hisD gene and an unclassified mutant site his-94 are not linked to any of the other histidine genes examined in this study or to each other. PMID- 1126627 TI - Clonal age and the proportion of defective progeny after autogamy in Patamecium aurelia. AB - The relation of mortality and the proportion of progeny with reduced fission after autogamy to the clonal age in Paramecium aurelia was investigated. This relation is not linear but the proportion of defective progeny in creases stepwise. The observations are in agreement with those expected from the calculations of the number of deleterious mutations in the micronucleus. PMID- 1126628 TI - Expression in organ culture of agouti locus genes of the mouse. AB - CLEFFMANN (1963) reported that pigment cells of the lethal yellow (A-y/a) genotype change to black immediately upon cultivation, and continue to produce black pigment unless sulfhydryl reagents are added to the culture medium. We have attempted to repeat this observation and have not been able to do so. We also have been unable to indue the synthesis of yellow pigment by adding glutathione to cultures of agouti (A/A) skin. We therefore suggest that hypotheses which attempt to explain the action of agouti locus genes on the basis of effects of sulfhydryl compounds be considered with caution. PMID- 1126629 TI - Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals. II. Diploid and polyploid Solenobia triquetrella (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). AB - Genic polymorphism at sixteen enzyme loci of four different chromosomal races of Solenobia triquetrella (bisexual, two diploid parthenogenetic races and tetraploid parthenogentiic) has been studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Isolated small diploid bisexual populations have rather uniform allele frequencies at all loci which we have studied. Diploid and tetraploid parthenogenetic individuals of this species are in general as heterozygous as bisexual ones. All parthenogenetic local populations are different from each other in the Alps. These parthenogenetic genotypes cannot be derived from a common ancestor through single mutations but rather bear evidence for a polyphyletic origin of parthenogenesis in Solenobia triquetrella. In the marginal distribution areas of the species in northern Europe single genotypes are spread over far larger areas than in the mountain regions of central Europe. This may be due to the old origin of parthenogenesis and polyploidy in northern Europe. No new parthenogenetic and polyploid strains have lately arisen in the regions outside of the Alps. PMID- 1126630 TI - Natural selection and age-structured populations. AB - This paper studies the properties of a new class of demographic parameters for age-structured populations and analyzes the effect of natural selection on these parameters. Two new demographic variables are introduced: the entropy of a population and the reproductive potential. The entropy of a population measures the variability of the contribution of the different age classes to the stationary population. The reproductive potential measures the mean of the contribution of the different age classes to the Malthusian parameter. The Malthusian parameter is precisely the difference between the entropy and the reproductive potential. The effect of these demographic variables on changes in gene frequency is discussed. The concept of entropy of a genotype is introduced and it is shown that in a random mating population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and under slow selection, the rate of change of entropy is equal to the genetic variance in entropy minus the covariance in entropy and reproductive potential. This result is an information theoretic analog of Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection. PMID- 1126631 TI - The deterministic behavior of self-incompatibility alleles. AB - For a system of n self-incompatibility alleles, neglecting mutation and random drift, it is shown that the completely symmetric equilibrium is locally stable, and any allelic frequency less than q equals 1 + a minus the square root of 1 + a 2, where a equals [2(n minus 1)]- minus 1, will increase. For all n, q greater than (2n)- minus 1, but if n greater than 1, q is approximately equal to (2n)- minus 1. PMID- 1126632 TI - Unilateral clubbing of the fingernails in patients with hemiplegia. AB - A survey based on an analysis of photographs compared the angle at the base of the fingernail in paralysed hands with controls. The significance of the changes in the nail bed angle in relation to clubbing and atrophy of the finger is discussed. PMID- 1126633 TI - The general practitioner and the hospital. An experiment in in-patient care. AB - A 3-year rotating programme for three general practitioners as clinica assistants involved in in-patient care is described in the three associated departments of medicine, geriatric medicine and psychiatry in a district general hospital. The appointments were for three sessions a week each. The effectiveness of such rotating appointments is analysed including both the service contribution to the hospital and the educational content from the general practioner's point of view and also the way in which such appointments fit in with the timetable of work in general practice. Such a rotating scheme is most successful in geriatric medicine and psychiatry. Involvement in in-patient care in general medicine proved more difficult. Future schemes might include only 6 months in general medicine, together with 6 months in another specialty. PMID- 1126634 TI - Preliminary proceedings for a model experiment to be carried out in order to investigate the establishing of geriatric districts in Hungary. AB - The authors review the theoretical and practical experiences on the basis of what it was deemed necessary to try out the function of geriatric districts in a model experiment. We are made acquainted with Puspokladany, a large community chosen for the scene of their experiment, with the preliminary work and with the entire process of their planned experiment. They describe the method of the 1 year's basic survey which began in June 1972 and the new organizational model of the health care of the population which came into force in the second half of 1973. PMID- 1126635 TI - Pointers to possible malnutrition in the elderly at home. AB - Two indices of the possibility of malnutrition were constructed from the number of nutrients (up to 10) taken in amounts below recommended levels (index A) or below specified lower levels (index B). Values for these indices were determined from nutritional data for 264 old people living at home. High values for both indices were significantly related to the amount spent on food per week, the taken ing of 7 or fewer hot meals per week, and the presence of physical disability, but not to social class, living alone, or presence of a psychiatric diagnosis. The amount spent on food per week, taking 7 or fewer hot meals per week, and physical disability, are thus possible pointers to malnutrition in the elderly at home and may be useful for screening purposes. PMID- 1126636 TI - Unilateral clubbing in hemiplegia. AB - A study of clubbing, assessed by spherometer measurements of fingernail-skinfold angle, was made in recent and long-established hemiplegic elderly patients. This showed that clubbing developed in all digits studied and that it increased with the duration of the stroke. Clubbing did not correlate with the grip strength of the weakened hand. PMID- 1126637 TI - Making the right connections between people and services. PMID- 1126638 TI - Values and volunteerism. PMID- 1126639 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in cardiology. Par 1. PMID- 1126640 TI - Exercise stress testing. PMID- 1126641 TI - [Study of the dust-gas mixtures in chemical industry]. PMID- 1126642 TI - [Importance of a simple cybernetic method for the differential diagnosis of stomach diseases in patients with hepatitis of a toxic chemical etiology]. PMID- 1126643 TI - [Some characteristics of the clinical course of occupational diseases in workers manufacturing triaryl phosphates]. PMID- 1126644 TI - [Clinical aspects of chronic poisoning in the manufacture of nitron]. PMID- 1126645 TI - [Combined action of the basic components of polymetal dusts]. PMID- 1126646 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of ferrous industrial carbon black dusts in the air of manufacturing enterprises]. PMID- 1126647 TI - [Determination of urinary atrolactic acid as a test of exposure to the action of alpha-methylstyrene]. PMID- 1126648 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of the manufacture of the Seignette electric, lanthanum aluminate-calcium titanate (LACT)]. PMID- 1126649 TI - [Ways to improve the sanitary working conditions in a mercury vapor rectification substation]. PMID- 1126650 TI - [Some cardiovascular indices of nervous tension in air traffic contollers]. PMID- 1126651 TI - [Occupational etiology of lung diseases in workers]. PMID- 1126652 TI - [Determination of latent sensitivity by means of skin tests]. PMID- 1126653 TI - [Possibility of utilizing nucleic acid metabolic indices for predicting the late sequelae of the effect of certain pesticides]. PMID- 1126654 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the body's reaction in pregnant and nonpregnant females to the action of dimethylacetamide]. PMID- 1126655 TI - [Iron metabolism under the influence of lead]. PMID- 1126656 TI - [Experimental data on the effect of hydrogen flouride on embryogenesis in white rats]. PMID- 1126657 TI - [Determination of the inhibitors of the oil-soluble salt of dicyclohexylamine and of dicyclohexylamine nitrite in air by a thin-layer chromatographic method]. PMID- 1126658 TI - [Morbidity with termporary loss of work capacity in persons working in the manufacture of synthetic detergents]. PMID- 1126659 TI - Statement of purpose. PMID- 1126660 TI - Influence of dehydrocholate and taurocholate on bromsulphthalein uptake, storage, and excretion in the dog. AB - The influence of dehydrocholate on bromsulphtalein relative-storage capacity, bilary transport maximum (Tm), and fractional transfer rates between plasma, liver and bile have been studied in unanaesthetized dogs. In six dogs, storage capacity, Tm, and fractional transfer rates from plasma to liver, liver to bile, and liver to plasma were measured during 0-15 M NaCL infusion and the measurements were repeated under a dehydrocholate infusion of 95 mumol. min-1, ie, an infusion rate approaching the known biliary Tm of bile salts. It was found that: (a) storage capacity and fractional transfer rates from plasma to liver significantly lower during dehydrocholate infusions (respectively 18-0 plus or minus SD 9-0 mg-mg-1. 100 ml-1 and 0-120 plus or minus SD 0-035 min-1) than during NaCL infusions (respectively 47-0 plus or minus 21-0 mg. mg-1. 100 ml-1 and 0-280 plus or minus SD 0-055 min-1; P smaller than 0-001); (b) Tm and fractional transfer rates from liver to bile were also significantly lower during dehydrocholate infusion (respectively 3-2 plus or minus SD 1-1 mg. min-1 and 0 013 plus or minus SD 0-004 min-1) than during NaCl infusion (4-8 plus or minus SD 1-1 mg. min-1 and 0-033 plus or minus SD 0-017 min-1; P smaller than 0-02); (c) in three additional experiments, taurocholate had similar effects on storage capacity and Tm. These findings suggest that competition occurred between bile salts and bromsulphthalein for hepaticuptake and storage. They support the hypothesis that the decreased disappearance rate and relative storage capacity of bromsulphtalein observed during biliary obstruction may be due to competition between bile salts and bromsulphthalein for hepatic uptake and storage. PMID- 1126661 TI - Assessment of small bowel function in the elderly using a modified xylose tolerance test. AB - Using the combined results of oral and intravenous xylose tests, it is demonstrated that 26 percent of a group of geriatric patients absorb from the small bowel less efficiently than younger subjects. The method used excludes poor renal function and incomplete bladder emptying as possible causes for the differences found between the two age groups. Altered gastric emptying is also excluded as a possible factor. PMID- 1126662 TI - Function and structure of the mucosa of continent ileostomy reservoirs in dogs. AB - Continent ileostomy reservoirs were constructed in dogs. Nine to 29 days after formation of the pouches, they were excised together with a loop of adjacent ileum for biochemical and morphological assessment. The villous and epithelial cell heights were reduced, whereas villous width and mitotic index were increased. The mucosa of the pouch was able to absorb phenylalanine and Beta methyl-glucoside against a concentration gradient, although this absorptive capaciti was lower than that of normal ileum. Similar considerations applied to oxygen consumption. The results indicate that the mucosa of the pouch undergoes transformation, but the intergrity of the epithelial layer is maintained. PMID- 1126663 TI - Response of the human cardia sphincter to circulating prostaglandins F2ALPHA and E2 and to antiinflammatory drugs. AB - The effects on intraluminal pressure in the oesophagus, the cardiac sphincter, and the gastric fundus of intravenous prostaglandin F2alpha, E2, And of rectal indomethacin were studies in 41 subjects. Intravenous infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha (0-05 to 0-8 mug kg-minus1) produced marked, dose-related and sustained elevation of cardiac sphincter pressure without significantly affecting oesophageal peristalsis or gastric fundal motility. Sphincteric relaxation during swallowing was prolonged. Plasma gastrin levels were unchanged. Intravenous infusion of PGE2 (0-08 mug kg-minus1 min-minus) inhibited sphincter contractions to serial bolus intravenous injections of pentagastrin (0-1 or 0-2 mug kg-minus 1). Rectal indomethacin (200 mg) resulted in a riseof cardiac sphincter pressure, suggesting that endogenous synthesis of an inhibitory (E-type) prostaglandin was suppressed. The results indicate that prostaglandin E2 may be concerned in the regulation of cardiac sphincter tone in man, whilst prostaglandin F2alpha may be useful in the treatment of gastrooesphageal reflux. PMID- 1126664 TI - Acid-base and metabolic disturbances in fulminant hepatic failure. AB - In 28 patients with fulminant hepatic failure alkalaemia was present in 49 of a total of 65 observations. Alkalaemia was due primarlily to a low Pa, C02 in 30 instances and to raised plasma bicarbonate in 16 instances. Blood lactate, pyruvate, and acetoacetate were significantly raised, and in individual cases, blood citrate, succinate, and fumarate were elevated. Blood citrate rose progressively as the clinical condition worsened. Metabolic acidosis was only present in four patients. In three of these patients, all of whom had taken an overdose of paracetamol, the acidosis was severe, present before the onset of clinical heparic failure, and associated with hypoglycaemiaand mild hypotension. In two of these patients the acidosis was shown to be due to accumulation of lactic acid. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations were elevated out of proportion to the degree of ketosis. PMID- 1126665 TI - The exsorption characteristics of various sugars. AB - Various sugars were administered intravenously to rabbits and the rate of exsorption from plasma to intestinal lumen was measured. The exsorption rates of lactulose, mannose, and xylose were directly related to their plasma concentration but varied according to their molecular weight. Wglucose and galactose did not appear in the intestinal lumen until very high plasma concentrations were reached. The mucosal barrier which prevented glucose and galactose exsorption was abolished when luminal phlorizin M times 10-minus 2 or another actively absorbed sugar was placed in the lumen. 2:4 Dinitrophenol M times 10-minus 3 and the absence of the sodium ion did not impair the ffficiency of the barrier. When the plasma glucose concentration was raised to very high levels, glucose began to appear in the lumen; further increases in the glucose concentration then produced a rapid exsorption of glucose. PMID- 1126666 TI - [Ski injuries during growth]. AB - Ski injuries during the period of growth are important as they are relatively frequent and may cause severe late complications (injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage). It is of utmost importance to develop safer skiing-equipment for children. Regarding therapeutic measures ski injuries in childhood and adolescence cause special problems, they must be treated with greatest care and exactness, if necessary surgically. In all cases of ski injuries in childhood and adolescence long term radiological checkup is necessary during the growing period in order to recognise and treat late complications as early as possible. PMID- 1126667 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the proximal femur]. AB - For early revasculation of the head of the femur and in order to avoid delayed healing, today the surgical treatment of lateral fractures of the neck of the femur as well as of fractues of the trochanter is unquestioned. In a group of 25 injured persons the method of osteosynthesis of the neck of the femur was applied, and its favourable results led to the development of a new method for the treatment of lateral fractures ofthe neck of the femur and fractures of the trochanter. PMID- 1126668 TI - [Skiing-injuries and their prevention using ski-safety-bindings. Efficiency, possibilities and limitations of adjustment]. AB - Modern skiing techniques necessitate the rigid hold of the boot on the ski and of the foot in the boot. Therefore the risk of skiing injuries increased considerably and the development of a new safety ski-binding was necessary. After a high quota of failures intensive research led to the possibility to set up general instructions for the construction and adjustment of satisfactory safety bindings. Difficulties still exist regarding the wide publication of the possibilities to adjust safety bindings according to the individual measurements of the bones of each skier and the correct technical application of the adjustment apparatus. First statistical results after the use of these general instructions seem to allow the assumption that the problem of safety bindings could be solved. PMID- 1126669 TI - [Infected groin following vascular surgery]. AB - From August 1972 to July 1973 174 vascular reconstructions in the iliac and femoro-popliteal region were performed. All infections of the groin incision were classified according to Szilagyi. 22% class I and II infections, 2% class III infections were found (3 patients). In two of these patients the bleeding was managed by the following method: The infected piece of the artery was resected. The vascular continuity was reconstructed by autologous vein. The anastomoses were burried in uninfected surrounding muscles. Both patients left the clinic with open leg arteries. Unfortunately we lost the third patient doing an extraanatomical bypass. The reasons for the high incidence of groin infections are discussed. PMID- 1126670 TI - [Bioclimatic consultation]. AB - The climatological environment may effect the human state of health, disadvantageously or favourably. This knowledge, confirmed by empiric as well as scientific research can be used by e.g. changing the place of residence towards a healthy and benefical climate. For a professional climatological planning of such a project the "Deutscher Wetterdienst" renders bioclimatic consultations within the Federal Republic of Germany. For this purpose individual reactions as well as state health of the person in question have to be considered. A method will be shown how to combine medical diagnostic facts and bioclimatic consultation. PMID- 1126671 TI - [Fixation casts in skiing-traumatology]. AB - Extensive experiences have shown that bandages of ultraviolet sensitive synthetic resin (LightCast II) offer important advantages compared to the conventional plaster cast. The special technique and details of procedure are described. The most important advantages are the light weight, water resistance (the patients can wash, shower and swim,), absolut stability is gained after 5--6 minutes under a ultraviolet lamp. Indications for the use of the fiberglass-cast are discussed. PMID- 1126672 TI - [Vascular injuries during skiing]. AB - Traumatic lesions of blood vessels occur only rarely in skiing, they are, however, mostly very dramatic events which may lead to the loss of an extremity. Relatively simple measures of diagnosis and therapy may save the skier's threatened life and extremity. Some of these are: Realization that a vascular trauma has occurred, tight pressure bandage, bringing the patient into shock position, immediate transport by helicopter to a medical center with surgeons trained in vascular surgery. PMID- 1126673 TI - [Reconstruction of ligaments in the knee joint]. PMID- 1126674 TI - [Motivation of the speech development up to the single word with comprehension. Instructions for parents]. PMID- 1126675 TI - [Relationship between sport injuries and weather]. AB - There is an obvious dependence of skisport-accidents on weather influences. So called biologically favourable "Wetterphasen" (weather-phases) showed significant decrease and biologically unfavourable weatherphases an elevation of the accident rate. All results were checked statistically. The oncoming weather change showed itself especially burdensome when a low pressure area was approaching. PMID- 1126676 TI - Psychiatric residents provide extra manpower for rural community agencies. PMID- 1126677 TI - Fifteen cases of embrujada: combining medication and suggestion in treatment. PMID- 1126678 TI - Developing a psychiatric residency program: focus on the community. AB - A three-year general residency program intended to train psychiatrists to be as competent in group therapies and community work as in psychoanalytic psychotherapy was set up in a crisis center in the Bronx. Community members from the center's catchment area were actively involved in the planning for the training program and the center. The psychiatric residents in the program plan and revise their own curriculum, in collaboration with the faculty, and they work closely with faculty and staff in an apprentice system of learning. In this paper two faculty members describe the program's planning and the first year of operation; they also comment briefly on the program's current status. In the following paper two former residents present their view of the program's development and some of their experiences during the first year. PMID- 1126679 TI - Developing a psychiatric residency program: two residents view their participation. AB - For two residents in a new community-based psychiatric residency, the program was a valuable educational experience whose main virtues were the real-world oriented training and the resident-designed curriculum. The residents believe those virtues are the result of differences of opinion within and between the four groups involved: the faculty, with divergent educational goals; the staff, transferred from a traditional training ward in a state hospital; the community, with its varying priorities for services; and the residents themselves. The paper, which focuses on the program's first year, is published in conjunction with the preceding description of the program by two faculty members. PMID- 1126680 TI - Training paraprofessionals: a learning experience for psychiatric residents. AB - As a pilot project within a psychiatric residency program, two psychiatric residents conducted a six-month interviewing and data-recording course for paraprofessionals in a comprehensive community mental health center. The program benefited the paraprofessionals and the institution, but the authors feel the most important benefits were to the residents themselves. Through the project they grappled with and tested solutions to such issues as accountability, delegation of clinical responsibility, supervision of subordinates, administration, and leadership. PMID- 1126681 TI - Integrating community psychiatry into residency training. AB - Beginning in 1969 a training program in community psychiatry was developed in a psychiatric hospital that had become a community mental health center with responsibility for a catchment area. Initially the program focused on individual supervision of psychiatric residents in their work with inpatients from the catchment area. The inadequacies of that approach led to assigning residents to spend four hours each week in a comprehensive neighborhood health center. Later they were also assigned to interdisciplinary inpatient teams led by community psychiatry supervisors. The authors describe the evolution of the program, report the results of an evaluation, and present some conclusions about training in community psychiatry. PMID- 1126682 TI - Problems of providing community psychiatry training to residents. AB - Designing a curriculum in community psychiatry for residents is an evolutionary process. One year after training in community psychiatry was introduced in the residency program at a major urban university, residents had negative responses to their community service in a community mental health center. They could not identify with authority figures, felt unprepared to treat patients with severe reality problems, and complained about the way the staff and clinic functioned. To alleviate those problems, a training curriculum incorporating supervisory, administrative, and community consultation techniques is planned. PMID- 1126683 TI - Ethical issues in community psychiatry. AB - In delivering mental health services, community psychiatry operates under two contracts: one between the community and the provider of services and one between the provider of services and the individual or organization requesting them. Each party in the contract has a system of ethics and values that determines its conception of what services should be available and how they should be delivered. Often there are conflicts. Using case studies from a community mental health center, the authors discuss many of the conflicts and ways of resolving them. PMID- 1126684 TI - The elderly mentally ill: finding the right treatment. PMID- 1126686 TI - Obtaining timely accounting information. PMID- 1126685 TI - Human experimentation, informed consent, and the community mental health center. PMID- 1126687 TI - The malpractice insurance crisis; aproposal for federal action. PMID- 1126689 TI - Communications system serves multihospital center. PMID- 1126688 TI - Shared laboratory services? WHAT TO CONSIDER. PMID- 1126690 TI - Elements of an instrumentation repair shop. PMID- 1126691 TI - System achieves optimal staffing. PMID- 1126692 TI - Evaluating the hospital environment. PMID- 1126693 TI - Designing an obstetrics department. PMID- 1126694 TI - Contracted management can improve productivity. PMID- 1126695 TI - Hospital provides hypertension screening service. PMID- 1126696 TI - A psychological dilemma. PMID- 1126697 TI - Birth weight in Ceylonese. PMID- 1126698 TI - Costochondral ossification and aging in five populations. PMID- 1126699 TI - Fertility, fecundity, famine: food rations in the dutch famine 1944/5 have a causal relation to fertility, and probably to fecundity. PMID- 1126700 TI - Familial aggregation of strength and heart rate response to exercise. PMID- 1126701 TI - Parental characteristics and birthweight in a Brazilian population. PMID- 1126702 TI - Bone mineral content in Canadian Eskimos. PMID- 1126703 TI - Cold injury and the evolution of "white" skin. PMID- 1126704 TI - The distribution of distance between birthplaces of mates. PMID- 1126706 TI - Success of new planning law depends on local efforts. PMID- 1126705 TI - Implications of PL 93-641 for Catholic hospitals. PMID- 1126707 TI - Commentaries on CHA Guidelines: the limits of loyalty. PMID- 1126708 TI - Commentaries on CHA Guidelines: physician-directors: a logical next step. PMID- 1126709 TI - Medical records are property of hospital, not patient. PMID- 1126710 TI - Size and scope of 911 systems. PMID- 1126711 TI - Religious congregation renewal in retrospect. PMID- 1126712 TI - Study of drug-related crimes reveals need for more security. PMID- 1126713 TI - Ministering to the dying: a joint pastoral and nursing effort. PMID- 1126714 TI - The outlook for ambulatory services. PMID- 1126715 TI - Broadening the institution's health care base. PMID- 1126716 TI - Analyzing absenteeism: a first step toward control. PMID- 1126717 TI - Pediatric opening-a pro-life event. PMID- 1126718 TI - McNerney answers critics of Blue Cross ads. PMID- 1126719 TI - Interview with Sr. Mary Kieran Harney. PMID- 1126720 TI - Relationship of physician-director to CEO and medical staff. PMID- 1126721 TI - Regional approach may be voluntary system's last chance. PMID- 1126722 TI - Social forces in the demand-supply equation. PMID- 1126723 TI - Managerial titles creating identity crisis. PMID- 1126724 TI - Negotiating and administering contracts with hospital-based physicians. PMID- 1126725 TI - Fetal monitoring in a community hospital. PMID- 1126726 TI - Why do patients use the emergency room. PMID- 1126727 TI - Recalls. PMID- 1126728 TI - Computerized nosocomial infection analysis. PMID- 1126729 TI - Focus on management methods. Cost reduction: how to get employee participation. PMID- 1126730 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of unit dose drug distribution systems: a conceptual approach. PMID- 1126731 TI - Nurses help conduct time study. PMID- 1126733 TI - Your hospital library--an awakening giant. PMID- 1126732 TI - How others do it: Meridian Park Hospital uses new concepts for flexibility. PMID- 1126734 TI - Challenges for central service and opportunities to keep costs down. PMID- 1126735 TI - Effect of methionine replacement by homocystine in cultures containing both malignant rat breast carcinosarcoma (Walker-256) cells and normal adult rat liver fibroblasts. AB - When malignant W-256 rat breast carcinosarcoma cells are mixed with an equal number of normal adult rat liver fibroblasts and allowed to grow in a medium containing sufficient L-methionine and an excess of vitamin B12 and of folic acid, the malignant cells outgrow the normal cells, and within 2 weeks the tissue culture flasks contain only neoplastic cells. However, when ample DL-homocystine or homocysteine replaces methionine in the medium containing the same amount of vitamin B12 and folic acid, and seeded with the same type and number of malignant and normal cells, the malignant cells die and the normal cells thrive. Substantiating this conclusion are the results of injections into rats of comparable numbers of cells from each group after 3 weeks of growth in tissue culture. Fatal malignancies are produced by the homocystein-cultivated cells. PMID- 1126736 TI - Fracture callus cartilage differentiation in vitro. AB - An in vitro model has been devised to study the differentiation and calcification of fibrocartilage from fracture calluses. Morphological and biochemical studies substantiating cartilage metaplasia in vitro are presented. A role that such a model may play in the study of cartilage calcification is suggested. PMID- 1126737 TI - Growth characteristics of bone marrow cells from beige mutant, the mouse homologue of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome of man, propagated in semisolid agar cultures. AB - Suspensions of bone marrow cells from the beige (bg/bg) mouse, a homologue of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (C-HS) of man, and normal mouse bone marrow cells, when stimulated by colony-stimu.ating factor (CSF) from different sources, proliferate in semisolid agar cultures and produce colonies composed of granulocytic and/or mononuclear cells. Studies with CSF from various sources (embryo and kidney feeder monolayers, conditioned media from embryo and kidney cell cultures, and plasma from untreated, irradiated, or endotoxin-treated mice) indicated that bone marrow cells from the beige mouse are quantitatively as capable of developing into colonies as normal cells when incubated with the same CSF source. Experiments which compared the bone marrow colony response of beige and normal cells using postendotoxin plasma (PEP) as the CSF source indicated that beige cells were stimulated to the same extent by tcsf obtained from either the normal or the beige mouse. CSF obtained from normal or affected mice was equally effective in stimulating bone marrow cell proliferation. There was no discordance of colony cell types present when PEP-stimulated 8-day bone marrow colonies from normal and affected mice were compared. The nuclear morphology of beige and normal granulocytes from these cultures indicated cells ranging from myeloblasts to mature segmented polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These preliminary studies indicate that the agar culture method for the growth of mononuclear and granulocytic colonies may provide a method for obtaining enriched C-HS cell populations for biochemical analysis of the genetic defect(s) in this interesting disease. PMID- 1126738 TI - Monolayer cultures of disaggregated human adipocytes. AB - Two theories have been advanced to explain the origin of adipocytes and both have experimental evidence in support. One theory proposed that adipocytes are specialized differentiated cells with specific lipid storage functions. The other held that they are unspecialized anlage cells which have the potential to store lipids depending on conditions. In an attempt to examine the little understood roles which these cells play in obesity and other abnormalities of lipid metabolism, disaggregated human adipocytes from infants and young children, free of stromal contamination, have been successfully grown in culture. The details of the techniques used, and some peculiar morphological characteristics of these cells in culture, are described. PMID- 1126739 TI - Characterization of Escherichia coli bacterial viruses in commercial sera,. PMID- 1126740 TI - Surface receptors on neutrophils and monocytes from immunodeficient and normal horses. AB - Surface receptors on peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes from normal and immunodeficient horses have been studied. Sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) coated with IgG, IgM, and complement but not IgG(T), readily bound to normal equine monocytes and neutrophils. More than 4000 molecules of IgG were required to sensitize each SRBC for adherence to monocytes, and more than 12,000 molecules were required for adherence to neutrophils. Young horses with a severe combined immunodeficiency had an almost total absence of lymphocytes, but normal numbers of monocytes and neutrophils. The number of receptors for immunoglobulin, complement, and phytolectin on monocytes and neutrophils from immunodeficient animals were similar to those on the cells of normal horses. Although the precursor cells of lymphocytes of horses with combined immunodeficiency appear to be defective, no defect in the other cellular products of the bone marrow were apparent. PMID- 1126741 TI - A survey of fractures of the proximal femur. AB - A series of 1494 fractures of the proximal femur, admitted over a 68-month period to the North East Area Accident Unit, is presented. The mortality for the series was 18 per cent, with operative mortality varying according to the fracture site and the method of treatment, being 18.1 per cent for extracapsular fractures, 14 per cent for Smith-Petersen nailing of intracapsular fractures, and 31 per cent for primary prosthetic replacement. In general terms, morbidity and mortality were proportional to age and to pre-existing general medical conditions. The results are presented in full, and are compared with other published series. PMID- 1126742 TI - The results of operative treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur. AB - One hundred and seventy trochanteric fractures of the femur treated by operative fixation are reviewed. The results of treatment are disappointing. The complication rate is high. The mortality rate should be assessed at 6 months after the fracture. From these results, it would appear that operative treatment does not offer the patient with a trochanteric fracture of the femur less morbidity, a lowered mortality rate or even a better result, when compared with operative treatment 25 years ago, or when compared with a recent review of conservative treatment from Inverness. PMID- 1126743 TI - Visits abroad: the treatment of pseudarthrosis in the Soviet Union. AB - Three British surgeons on a visit to Russia were impressed with the Russian technique known as "compression distraction" used mainly in the treatment of infected pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Multiple thick Kirschner wires drilled through the tibia at a distance from the lesion were fixed in stirrups attached to steel rods and turnbuckles. By adjustment of the apparatus deformity was corrected at the time of application; shortening was overcome by gradual turnbuckling. The equipment was also used for leg lengthening and for complicated recent injuries. PMID- 1126744 TI - Factors affecting the times till death of pedestrians killed in road accidents. AB - Police reports of fatal pedestrian road accidents in London in 1970-71 have been examined, and the times of death extracted. These have been related to estimated speed of impact, age of injured person and type of striking vehicle. High-impact speed tends to lead to quick death. Age has no statistically significant effect once speed is allowed for, but because a greater proportion of elderly pedestrians are killed by slowly moving vehicles, the elderly on average die later than the young when all speed groups are combined. Type of vehicle also influences time of death, with motor cycles giving rise to later deaths and heavy goods vehicles to quicker ones than do cars. PMID- 1126745 TI - Severe irreducible slipping of upper femoral epiphysis: a review of 14 cases treated by subtrochanteric osteotomy. AB - Children with signs of slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis often present in an Accident Service, particularly after a severe, acute slip. In some cases the displacement is irreducible and correction of the persistent deformity by either cervical or trochanteric osteotomy is required. This paper is a review of 14 cases of irreducible slipped upper femoral epiphysis treated by subtrochanteric osteotomy. Clinical and radiological assessment of these cases some years later shows a high proportion of successful results and suggests that this is a safe and satisfactory method of treating this condition. PMID- 1126746 TI - Unusual traumatic anterior dislocation of the hip. AB - Four interesting cases of traumatic anterior dislocation of the hip are presented. All were easily reduced by closed manipulation, including one complicated by a subtrochanteric fracture of the same femur. Early reduction and mobilization have resulted in good early results, though the risk of late change in the shape of the femoral head still exists in one of the cases. Another case confirmed that an abduction force on the flexed hip can produce anterior dislocation of the hip. PMID- 1126747 TI - Traumatic cyst of the lung. AB - Traumatic cyst of the lung due to closed chest injury is very uncommon. The discrepancy between the minor clinical symptoms and signs and the major radiological signs may be confusing. A typical case is reported and a short review given of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1126748 TI - Fracture due to shock from domestic electricity supply. AB - This report describes a fracture-dislocation of the shoulder joint due to electric shock. This is the first case reported in an English language journal of fracture due to shock from the domestic electricity supply. Other cases have been reported but not caused by such a low voltage current. PMID- 1126749 TI - A simple method of obtaining a lateral radiograph of the head and neck of the femur. PMID- 1126750 TI - How to remove a Kuntscher nail with no eye. AB - Removal of a Kuntscher nail is usually a simple procedure. However, this can sometimes be very difficult if there is no eye in the proximal end of the nail, either due to sawing off the end of the rod during its insertion or due to breakdown of the eye when attempting removal. This brief report describes a technique used to remove a nail when previous attempts at removal had resulted in the loss of the eye of the nail and in its burial in the greater trochanter. PMID- 1126751 TI - Arterial occlusion in juvenile humeral supracondylar fracture. AB - Juvenile supracondylar fracture of the humerus is described briefly and divided into two groups: 1. Those cases amenable to safe closed treatment; 2. Those in which occlusion of the brachial artery associated with severe displacement renders closed treatment unsafe. A specific mechanism of entrapment of the brachial artery, which has not been described previously, is reported, with the nature and the solution of the problem found at primary open operation. A discussion of the surgical anatomy shows how recognition of the mode of occlusion of the brachial artery may contribute to safe and reliable management of this type of case. PMID- 1126752 TI - Osteochondral fracture of the trochlea associated with fracture-dislocation of the elbow. AB - A case of osteochondral fracture of the trochlea occurring as part of a fracture dislocation of the elbow is reported. The damage to the medial articular surfaces was not apparent until the joint was explored. The osteochondral fragment was replaced and fixed with Smillie's pins and the result of treatment was good. PMID- 1126753 TI - A complication of intramedullary nailing. AB - A case is described of intramedullary nailing of the femur, complicated by non union, fracture of the nail, pseudarthrosis, malunion and subsequent distal migration of the proximal nail fragment over a period of 8 years. PMID- 1126754 TI - Evoked electrospinogram: interpretation of origin and effects of anesthetics. PMID- 1126755 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials and analgesia in man. PMID- 1126756 TI - Absorption of blocking activity from human tumor-bearer sera by Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I. AB - Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan I, contains a cell-wall substance, protein A, which combines with the Fc part of IgG in most mammalian species. It can therefore be used as a solid-phase immunoabsorbant for elimination of the reacting immunoglobulins. Since it has been shown that Cowan I could absorb out the blocking activity of sera from rats bearing isografts of polyoma-virus induced sarcomas or chemically induced colon carcinomas, we investigated what effects Cowan I absorption of human tumor-bearer sera might have. In all tumor bearer sera tested, from patients with melanomas or colon carcinomas, treatment with protein-A-containing staphylococci decreased the sera's ability to inhibit lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Cowan-I-treated sera from healthy controls had no effect on lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Nor did Cowan-I-treated tumor bearer sera potentiate or "arm" normal lymphocytes against tumor target cells. There was no evidence of complement-dependent cytotoxicity with added human complement in sera from melanoma and colon carcinoma bearing patients either before or after absorption with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I, The concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM were determined in sera used for in vitro tests of blocking activity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity before and after absorption. No reduction of IgA, reduction to undetectable levels of IgG and 20 30 percent reduction of IgM immunoglobulins as compared to unabsorbed sera were demonstrated. PMID- 1126758 TI - Changes in the surface membrane of lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1126757 TI - Tumor-induced angiogenesis: lack of inhibition by irradiation. AB - The effect of irradiation of tumors on their ability to induce vascular responses (angiogenesis) was studied. Rat Walker carcino-sarcoma 256, rabbit V2 carcinoma, mouse (C57B1) melanoma and mouse (129) teratoma (OTT 6050, 100K) were irradiated with up to 5000R, then grafted either to the chicken chorioallantoic membrane or intracorneally into adult rabbits to assess competence to provoke angiogenesis. For all tumors and both assay systems the results were similar: irradiation did not interfere with tumor-induced vascular responses. PMID- 1126759 TI - Influence of administration route and dosage schedule on tumor response to nitrosoheptamethyleneimine in rats. AB - Nitrosoheptamethyleneimine (NHMI) was tested for carcinogenicity in Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats by intragastric administration and subcutaneous injection. Cumulative doses ranged from 5.5 to 1,200 mg/kg, and dosage schedules ranged from 40 serial administrations to one single injection. No difference in response was seen between sexes or strains of rats. Following the highest carcinogen doses by intragasritc administration, a high incidence of squamous cell tumors occurred in the lung. The highest incidence of squamous-cell tumors occurred in the nasal cavity, trachea and esophagus. Following subcutaneous injection, tumors induced in the lungs were all alveologenic adenocarcinomas. The upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts were again the most commonly affected sites, with tumors similar to those of the first group. Intragastric administration was more effective in producing tumors than was subcutaneous injection, and administration of multiple small doses was more efficient than single large doses. The results demonstrated that the route and schedule of administration markedly influenced the tumor response to NHMI, both quantitatively and qualitatively. PMID- 1126760 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to human pulmonary neoplasms. AB - Peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with confirmed pulmonary neoplasia were tested for cytotoxicity against cultured cells derived from lung tumours of various histological types, foetal and normal adult lung tissue and tumours arising in organs other than the lung. Leukocytes from 73 percent of patients were cytotoxic for lung-tumour derived cells compared with age- and sex-matched normal donors, while the frequencies of reactivity against normal adult lung derived cells and cells from unrelated tumours (e.g. bladder, colon, breast) were 42 percent and 18 percent respectively. Leukocytes from lung cancer patients were also cytotoxic for cells derived from foetal lung but susceptibility to cytolysis was variable, cells from 13- and 14-week embryos revealing greatest reactivity (88 percent). Leukocytes from patients with a variety of tumours of non-pulmonary origin or with non-malignant conditions (including respiratory disorders) were also reactive with lung-tumour-derived target cells but with a lower overall frequency (35 percent) than those from lung-cancer patients. The significance of these cytotoxicity data for the existence of tumour-specific host immunoreactivity in lung neoplasia is discussed. PMID- 1126761 TI - Self-perception among narcotic addicts: an exploratory study employing multidimensional scaling techniques. AB - The self-perception of narcotic addicts was investigated using multidimensional scaling techniques. Subjects consisted of two groups of narcotic addicts and one groups of treatment personnel at a federal addiction treatment facility. One group of addict subjects was newly admitted to the treatment center, while the other group had been in treatment for 3 to 5 months. All Ss judged the similarity of pairs of "stimulus people" representing several personality dimensions thought to be relevant to the study of narcoticaddiction. The judgment were analyzed using the INDSCAL, an individual differences scaling procedure. The data for all groups are adequately explained by a three-dimensional solution. Interpretations of the dimensions and their relative importance to the self-perception of the different groups are discussed. PMID- 1126762 TI - Attitudes toward the sale and use of drugs--a cross-sectional analysis. AB - Samples of six specific groups (both students and adults) were intensively surveyed on their differential attitudes toward the use and sale of eight drug types. Resulting comparisons between groups, drugs, and attitudes provide a relative picture of the attitudes on drug sale and use held by those surveyed. PMID- 1126763 TI - Aerosol metallic paints: deliberate inhalation. A study of inhalation and or ingestion of copper and zinc particles. AB - The preliminary and limited study was made in an area where the metallic spray paints are used as an intoxicant by a significant percentage of the student population. Laboratory tests show that individuals misusing these unique products are ingesting and/or inhaling large amounts of copper and zinc which are excreted in the urine and are possibly retained in body tissue. No previous reports have been found on this form of substance misuse, and apparently no studies have been conducted to determine the physiological effects of such an overload of heavy metals. PMID- 1126764 TI - Deaths of narcotic addicts in New York City in 1971: those reported to be using methadone. PMID- 1126765 TI - Resistance to the opening of drug treatment centers: a problem in community psychiatry. PMID- 1126766 TI - Ocular absorption of naloxone in narcotic addicts. AB - Naloxone hydrochloride was administered by regional intravenous injection (three patients) or by instillation into the conjunctival sac (10 patients) in addicts receiving methadone maintenance. After the regional intravenous administration of 100 mug naloxone,no withdrawal symptoms occurred on release of the occluding tourniquets, nor were theresignificant changes in electrical skin resistance or sweating in the upper extremities. On the other hand, the conjunctival instillation of 2 to 3 mg naloxone produced withdrawal symptoms in five patients and frequently also caused pupillary dilatation whichwas usually equal on both sides. PMID- 1126767 TI - Altering the gambler's maladaptive life goals. AB - This paper will serve as an explanation of how clinical counselors from various schools of thought, e.g., Freudian, Transactional Analysis, and Adlerian, work with or treat the excessive gambler. Because the presentation is short, it will be impossible to thoroughly cover the three schools of thought in depth. However, because of the writer's bias, the paper will examine in some detail the way in which an Adlerian counselor or therapist encourages his maladaptive clients to act and think more constructively, i.e., give up excessive gambling. PMID- 1126768 TI - Heroin maintenance and heroin control. PMID- 1126769 TI - Comparison of youthful heroin users and nonusers from one urban community. PMID- 1126770 TI - The effects of drug education courses on attitudinal change in adult participants. AB - Five hundred eighty-nine adult participants in 10-day drug education courses held at the National Center for Drug Education in Oklahoma were tested before and after each course to assess changes in their attitudes toward drug use and abuse resulting from the course. Twenty-eight opinion statements were found to significantly distinguish the opinions of different occupational groups both before and after the course. Most participants changed their learning priorities for drug education as a result of the course. Participants' personal history of drug use correlated with changes in their learning priorities for drug education. PMID- 1126771 TI - Personality characteristics in heroin addicts and nonaddicted prisoners using the Edwards Personality Preference Schedule. AB - The present study compares the self-reported personality characteristics of heroin addict and nonaddict prisoners using the Edwards Personality Preference Schedule (EPPS) which was corrected for social desirability. Seventy pairs of addicted and nonaddicted criminal offenders were matched for age, education, intelligence, and home environment. The addicted offenders were identified by the pattern of their response to the EPPS as reflected by the significant multivariate results. In addition, significant univariate differences consistent with those previously reported were found. Addicted criminals had stronger succorance, heterosexuality, and aggression needs and less abasement and endurance needs than nonaddicted offenders. Age, educational achievment, intelligence,and home environment had little influence on the prisoners' response to this self-report personality inventory. PMID- 1126772 TI - Chromoblastomycosis and related infections: new concepts, differential diagnosis, and nomenclatorial implications. PMID- 1126773 TI - Chemosurgery in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 1126775 TI - The changing face of medicine. PMID- 1126774 TI - HL-A 27 in Reiter's disease and psoriatic arthropathy. PMID- 1126776 TI - Ultrastructural findings in incontinentia pigmenti. AB - From their ultrastructural study of incontinenti pigmenti, the authors confirm that in this condition there is no pigmentary anomaly, but that pigmentation is the last step of a still unknown process. At birth those who are affected display an intracellular edema which leads to the formation of a vesocobulla. In all 3 stages, the epidermis shows dyskeratotic cells and a transient pigmentary discharge. PMID- 1126777 TI - Erythema multiforme infantum atrophicans. AB - A new case of erythema multiforme is described, characterized by multiforme eruption of erythematous papules, plaques and occasional bullous lesions. The acute stage lasts several seeks, then atrophy is noted. The face appears senile. Histopathologically, the lesions show erythema multiforme in the acute phase; in the atrophic stage, a disappearance of the elastic fibers was observed. PMID- 1126778 TI - Leprosy visited. PMID- 1126779 TI - Vitamin a preparations in dermatological practice. PMID- 1126780 TI - A comparative clinical evaluation of trimethylpsoralen, psoralen and 8 methoxypsoralen in treating vitiligo. AB - Trimethylpsoralen, psoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen were adminstered in 10 mg dosage orally to 37, 29 and 23 patients with vitiligo. Complete improvement was noted in 8.9% and partial improvement was recorded in 59.5%. The overall results produced by trimethylpsoralen and psoralen were superior to those of 8 methoxypsoralen. There was no significant therapeutic difference noticed in regards to age, sex, duration and type of vitiligo. PMID- 1126781 TI - Gonadectomy, sex hormones and the growth of tetrathyridial populations of Mesocestoides corti (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) in mice. PMID- 1126782 TI - The effect of development of Taenia hydatigena larvae in the peritoneal cavity of dogs on resistance to a challenge infection with Echinococcus granulosus. PMID- 1126783 TI - Nuttalia Franca, 1909 (Babesiidae) preoccupied by Nuttallia Dall, 1898 (Psammobiidae): a re-appraisal of the taxonomic position of the avian piroplasms. PMID- 1126784 TI - Comparison of surface topography of three species of Diphyllobothrium (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 1126785 TI - The host specificity of Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala), a parasite of cockroaches. PMID- 1126786 TI - An electron microscope study of the tegument of Hunterella nodulosa Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1962 (Cestoidea: Caryophyllidea). PMID- 1126787 TI - Development of an invitro technique for cytological investigations of slices of fasciola hepatica: evaluation by physiological criteria. PMID- 1126788 TI - Studies of regulatory metabolism in Moniezia expansa: glutamate, and the absence of the gamma-aminobutyrate pathway. PMID- 1126789 TI - Experiments on the transmission of Babesia divergens to cattle by the tick Ixodes ricinus. PMID- 1126790 TI - Anatomical localization of glucose uptake by Schistosoma mansoni adults. PMID- 1126791 TI - Observational and experimental studies on the acquisition of Anisakis sp. larvae (Nematoda: Ascaridida) by trout in fresh water. PMID- 1126792 TI - A talk with the peripatetic John Stender. PMID- 1126793 TI - How to stay healthy while traveling. PMID- 1126794 TI - Evolving role of the occupational health nurse. PMID- 1126795 TI - How the OP works with the safety professional. PMID- 1126796 TI - It's hot, but how hot? And is it bad? PMID- 1126797 TI - Structure and function of the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 1126798 TI - The retinal pigment epithelium and ocular disease. PMID- 1126799 TI - Central serous chorioretinopathy and serous detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 1126800 TI - Other retinal pigment epithelial diseases. PMID- 1126801 TI - Fine structure of the developing cornea. PMID- 1126802 TI - Fine structure of the developing lens. PMID- 1126803 TI - Fine structure of the developing vitreous. PMID- 1126804 TI - Fine structure of the developing retina. PMID- 1126805 TI - Embryological perspectives on the fine structure of orbital tumors. PMID- 1126806 TI - Editorial: Appendicitis. Do you or don't you? PMID- 1126807 TI - Editorial: the fate of the traveler. PMID- 1126808 TI - Subgaleal hematoma in head injuries. AB - We have carried out clinical, radiological and some hematological evaluation of post-traumatic subgaleal hematoma in 55 Nigerians who were treated for head injuries at the he University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, in 1970. Most hematomas spontaneously resolved within four weeks of the injury, so that masterly inactivity should be the first line of treatment for this entity. PMID- 1126809 TI - Evaluation of oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal and esophageal cancer risk in reverse smokers of chuttas. AB - Reverse smoking of chuttas seems to have no significance for the development of cancer of the hypopharynx, esophagus, larynx and nasopharynx. The conventional chutta smoker runs a slight risk of developing hypopharyngeal cancer. Other smoking and chewing habits do not seem to play any role in our area as these habits are very uncommon. PMID- 1126810 TI - Fractionated cystography to assess infiltration of the bladder wall by intravesical tumors. AB - Twenty cases of carcinoma of the cervix uteri stage III and IV and ten cases of carcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon stage III were investigated by fractionated cystography to detect any infiltration of the destensible part of the urinary bladder wall. Cystography was normal in all cases except one. The finding was confirmed operatively in each of the ten cases of rectosigmoid carcinoma. This method might be a useful technic for the preoperative assessment of advanced cases of cancer in organs adjacent to the urinary bladder. PMID- 1126811 TI - Modified conservative treatment of club foot. AB - In 120 cases of severe, neglected or recurrent club foot, a modified conservative method of treatment has yielded encouraging results. The method consists of blind calcaneal fasciotomy, repositioning of the foot in a corrected position and plaster cast application from the upper thigh to the toes. Nineteen recurrences in this series were treated by Dwyer's calcaneal osteotomy, or medial soft tissue release and/or tendon transposition. PMID- 1126812 TI - Contribution of the epiphyses of the greater trochanter to the growth of the femur. AB - We have demonstrated the interaction of the capital femoral epiphysis and the greater trochanteric epiphysis in rats to give length and shape to the proximal femur. These findings have practical applications in the treatment of congenital coxa vara and other disease entities of the femoral head. PMID- 1126813 TI - Fracture of the shaft of the femur in children. AB - Sixty-five cases of fracture of the femur shaft caused by trauma in children under age 12 were studied. All were treated by various conservative methods. Two patients later underwent open reduction and internal fixation. Children below 5 years of age were treated by Bryant's suspension traction method. Older children were treated by balanced skin traction. In a few cases where the position was not acceptable, the fracture was reduced under general anesthesia and fixed traction was applied. Patients were discharged with a hip spica when the fracture site was nontender (average three weeks). Undisplaced fractures were treated by a primary hip spica. Functional end results were good in 81.5%, fair in 15.4% and poor in 3.1%. Eight compound fractures in this series were treated conservatively. PMID- 1126814 TI - Rectal Prolapse in Nigerian Children. AB - Rectal prolapse is common in Nigerian children between 4 and 6 years old. Intractable cases respond favorably to the Lockhart-Mummery procedure, a simple operation which guarantees good results. PMID- 1126815 TI - Surgical removal of a hydatid cyst of the brain. PMID- 1126816 TI - Pulmonary resection in a patient with an implanted cardiac pacemarker. PMID- 1126817 TI - Intramedullary abscess following transpharyngeal stab injury. PMID- 1126818 TI - Cervical thymoma. PMID- 1126819 TI - Giant cell tumor of the proximal phalanx of the left fifth finger. PMID- 1126820 TI - Surgical teams. Khartoum Part III. PMID- 1126822 TI - Editorial: Conflicts of interest and vision research. PMID- 1126821 TI - Topically administered corticosteroids and treatment of inflammatory keratitis. PMID- 1126823 TI - The effect of arterial PO2 on relative retinal blood flow in monkeys. AB - The relationship of blood oxygenation to retinal blood flow has been studies in rhesus monkeys. Constriction of major retinal arteries and veins during hyperoxia and dilation during hypoxia are demonstrated. Together with mean circulation times based on the technique of fluorescein densitometry curves, these data allow an estimation of retinal blood flow, which increases considerably in hypoxia and shows a moderate decrease in hyperoxia. These findings indicate that the retinal circulation parallels that of the brain in adjusting to changes in arterial PO2 with compensatory changes in blood flow. PMID- 1126824 TI - Retinal adhesion in light- and dark-adapted rabbits. AB - The effects of pigmentation and light exposure on retinal adhesion in rabbits have been investigated in a complete factorial experiment. Ocular pigmentation did not significantly influence retinal adhesion. A significant difference in retinal adhesive forces was found between light and dark adaptation. The force required to detach the retina from the retinal pigment epithelium was 20 per cent greater in light-adapted eyes than in dark-adapted eyes. These observations suggest that the positional change of rhodopsin molecules in the outer segment disk membranes occurring with light exposure and the resultant alteration in interdisk electrostatic forces may play an important role in retinal adhesion. PMID- 1126825 TI - Oxalate retinopathy: an experimental model of a flecked retina. AB - The clinical picture resembling fundus albipunctatus was seen to develop in rabbits following subcutaneous injection with dibutyl oxalate. On histologic examination, the flecks were found to be due to intracellular accumulation of calcium oxalate in the RPE cells. The clinical and histologic features of this animal model closely resemble the recently described entity of oxalate retinopathy in humans which was seen in the presence of high circulating oxalate levels. It is suggested that the presence of metabolic disorders or toxicity which are known to cause oxalate depositions should be sought in patients with fundus albipunctatus. PMID- 1126826 TI - Sulfate and galactose metabolism in differentiating ciliary body and iris epithelia: autoradiographic and ultrastructural studies. AB - Immature and adult rat eyes were bisected and incubated with 35-SO4 and 3-U galactose in short-term pulse-chase experiments. Autoradiographs (ARG) of the tissue revealed that very little sulfate is incorporated by the peripheral neural retina, the pigment epithelia of the retina, ciliary body, or iris. The inner, inverted optic cup cells at the ora serrata, i.e., those that are undergoing differentiation into the unpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body, incorporate large amounts of 35-sulfate into "fixable" macromolecules. The sulfate label is chased from the apically located Golgi apparatus to the basal surface of these cells within one hour. Ultrastructurally, these cells are beginning to develop lateral and basal invaginations of the plasma membrane characteristic of the adult secretory epithelial cells. Electron microscopic ARG show label associated with the plasma membranes. The sulfated macro-molecules at this site appear to be glycolipids and glycoproteins rather than glycosaminoglycans. The preferential synthesis of these macromolecules and their placement at the cellular site of aqueous humor production suggests a role for these sulfated substances in establishing, and perhaps maintaining, that secretory process. 3-H-galactose was incorporated into "fixable" macromolecules to some degree by all the neuroepithelial cells. After chase incubation, ARG showed a high concentration of label in differentiated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), but not in undiffenentiated peripheral RPE. Ciliary body unpigmented and pigment epithelium, and iris muscle cells incorporate galactose, but to a lesser degree than either RPE or corneal endothelial cells. PMID- 1126827 TI - The microscopic protein structure of the lens with a theory for cataract formation as determined by Raman spectroscopy of intact bovine lenses. AB - Intact bovine lenses have been studied using the polarized Raman spectroscopic technique. A brief theoretical and experimental review of Raman spectroscopy is presented. From the dependence of the Raman depolarization ratio on the propagation direction of the incident radiation we have determined that the uniaxial qualities of the lens result from microscopic anisotropy and have established the quantitative positional correlation of specific chemical bonds with respect to the lens optic axis. In particular, the hydrogen bonded linear CONH groups of the antiparallel beta-pleated sheet are preferentially oriented in directions orthogonal to the lens optic axis. The Raman spectra of intact lenses do not exhibit bands at positions characteristic of either the alpha-helix or the random coil protein structure. The antiparallel beta-pleated sheet protein microstructure and the lens fiber cross-sectional macrostructure exhibit a remarkable similarity. This similarity may be causal and is consistent with the protein concentration of the lens, the birefringent properties observed by both Lenhard and Brewster, the CONH bond angle distribution with respect to the optic axis, and the lens anatomy. It is suggested that cortical cataracts are caused by fluctuations in protein orientational order. PMID- 1126828 TI - Equator-plus camera. AB - A new fundus camera can photograph a field extending anterior to the equator (148 degrees from the nodal point). The problems of reflection from the surfaces of the crystalline lens are minimized by fiber optic illumination from carefully chosen locations on the cornea. The camera may be used with monochromatic light of various wavelengths and is equipped with interference filters. PMID- 1126829 TI - Subretinal fluids: lipid analyses. AB - Lipid was found to accumulate in the subretinal space during rhegnatogenous retinal detachment. The concentration of lipid in the subretinal fluid varied between 0.1 to 2.4 mg. per milliliter. Based upon a comparison of lipid profiles and lipoprotein profiles, the amount of lipid observed in the subretinal fluids was not directly related to the permeability of the ocular vessels. Thin-layer chromatography analyses of lipid in subretinal fluids showed differences between the lipid composition of the subretinal fluid and blood. The major characteristic of lipid composition of subretinal fluid is the low concentration of lecithin, which is the major lipid compound in the serum. The present data indicate that the lipids of ocular tissues are released into the subretinal space during rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and are adsorbed on albumin. PMID- 1126830 TI - Minifield Swan-Jacog lens of gonioscopy in small primates. PMID- 1126831 TI - Hemodynamics and prognosis in heart block. PMID- 1126832 TI - An open letter to JCAH (Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals). PMID- 1126833 TI - The general practitioners' contribution to 'long-stay' hospitals in Scotland. PMID- 1126834 TI - The ten day rule. PMID- 1126835 TI - Duration of stay and outcome for first admissions to the psychiatric service of the north-eastern region of Scotland. PMID- 1126836 TI - The acquisition of patient information using an off-line data collection machine. PMID- 1126837 TI - Abortion statistics. PMID- 1126838 TI - National study of short stature at 5 years with special reference to growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 1126839 TI - [Letter: So-called vasodilator agents in conservative vascular therapy]. PMID- 1126840 TI - [Contact eczema caused by clothing]. PMID- 1126841 TI - [Seasonal variations of contact eczema]. PMID- 1126842 TI - [Lower leg eczema. Differential diagnosis, causes and therapy]. PMID- 1126843 TI - [Significance of the patch test in children and adolescents]. PMID- 1126844 TI - [2 basic principles on indications and procedure in sclerosing treatment of varicose veins]. PMID- 1126845 TI - [Spontaneous regression and leukoderma in malignant melanoma]. AB - In four patients with superficial spreading melanoma, partial spontaneous regression and/or leukodermas of different appearance occurred. In two patients leukoderma appeared within the central area of the primary tumor; one of whom developed, in addition, vitiligo elsewhere on the body. In a further case the melanoma exhibited a depigmented halo resembling Sutton's nevus. Presumably, these leukodermas represent an epiphenomenon of the specific immunological reaction between the host and the melanoma. PMID- 1126846 TI - [Structural and functional changes of the small intestine in Duhring's dermatitis herpetifomis]. PMID- 1126847 TI - [Aurantiasis cutis Baelz--a comeback of a disease]. PMID- 1126848 TI - [Light and electron microscopy studies on malformed spermatids in 2 cases of teratozoospermia]. AB - Two distinct types of spermatid malformation resulting in teratozoospermia are demonstrated in two patients by means of light and electron microscopy. In one case of male infertility, a disturbance of the process of nuclear condensation was found which yielded pathological spermatozoa with triangular or hookshaped heads. In another case of infertility, exclusively polynucleated spermatids were detected. Atypical acrosomes, showing widely varying structural features, interconnect the nuclei. The significant of these malformations for the understanding of the differentiation of spermatids is discussed. PMID- 1126849 TI - [Letter: Seize of hospital, fulfillment of educational commission and dermatological care for the population]. PMID- 1126850 TI - [Letter: Microbiological degree of purity in dermatologic external agents]. PMID- 1126851 TI - [Letter: Virus of the Psittacosis group in Reiter's disease]. PMID- 1126852 TI - Evaluation of two protein end-group reactions as potential fluorescent cytochemical methods. AB - Histochemical preparations stained by a variant of the Morel-Sisley reaction for protein tyrosine were found to produce a red fluorescence when excited by broadband blue light which is topologically identical to the distribution of chromophore when viewed by absorption (equal transmission) microscopy. The fluorescence mode of viewing preparations stained by this method gave greater sensitivity and contrast than the absorption mode. The p dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB)-nitrate method for protein tryptophan did not result in a useful fluorescent end-group method. Preparations stained by this method displayed a pattern of generalized fluorescence of all structures except those which react in the final step of the p-DMAB-nitrite reaction. The specificity of the intermediate reaction product has yet to be established. PMID- 1126853 TI - Esterase XVII. Mouse liver esterase following in vivo inhibition by bis-p nitrophenyl phosphate. PMID- 1126854 TI - Glycogen, its chemistry and morphological appearance in the electron microscope.11. The complex formed in the selective contrast staining of glycogen. AB - Selective contrast staining of glycogen in untreated ultrathin sections of aldehyde-fixed tissues, double-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide containing 0.05 M K3Fe(CN)6 as reported previously (De Bruijn, 1973), may also be obtained by the addition of either K4Fe(CN)6,K3Co(CN)6,K2Ru(CN)6, or K4Os(CN)6. On the other hand, addition of K3Cr(CN)6, K2Ni(CN)4, K3Mn(CN)6, K3Rh(CN)6, K2Pd(CN)4, K2Pt(CN)4, or K3Ir(CN)6 produces no effect. Hexavalent osmium oxide compounds, such as K2OsO4 and OsO3-2 pyridine, react selectively with a native (or acquired) ligand in the aldehyde-fixed glycogen, but do not render it more electron dense than its immediate surroundings. The presence of these osmium oxides is detected and they are rendered more electron dense by an accumulation reaction by the application on ultrathin sections of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) or a mixture of K2OsO4 and K4Fe(CN)6. As selective contrast staining of glycogen is also obtained by double fixation of the aldehyde-fixed tissue with 0.05 M K2OsO4 solutions containing 0.05 M K4Fe(CN)6 or 0.05 M K4Os(CN)6, it is postulated that in such tissue, both the selective reaction of K2OsO4 with the ligand in the aldehyde fixed glycogen, and the accumulation of heavy metal at the sites occupied by the K2OsO4, occur simultaneously. A proposal for the constitution of this heavy metal osmium/cyanide complex is formulated and arguments are presented that both compounds are formed in the selective contrast stained glycogen areas of such treated tissues. The relative contribution of the components to the final contrast and its complex character is demonstrated by staining ultrathin glutaraldehyde sections intermittently with 0.05 M solutions of K2OsO4 and K4Fe(CN)6; it is shown that after at least three intermittent reactions with both K2OsO4 and K4Fe(CN)6, the glycogen areas in such sections became contrast stained. PMID- 1126856 TI - An electronic device for the automatic correction of fluorescence emission spectra. AB - An electronic device is described for the automatic correction of fluorescence emission spectra obtained by digital microspectrofluorometry based on multichannel scaling and single photon detection as described previously. This device consists of: (a) an arithmetic unit for the correction of the spectral values and for the curve integration processes; (b) a circuit that operates directly on data in the memory of the multi-channel analyser by subtracting from then a pre-established value corresponding to the background; and (c) an averaging unit for calculating a mean for the spectral value. PMID- 1126855 TI - Microspectrophotometric detection of heparin in mast cells and basophilic granulocytes stained metachromatically with Toluidine Blue O. AB - A qualitative microspectrophotometric detection method for heparin in situ has been developed, using data obtained previously with a model system of polyacrylamide films containing pure glycosaminoglycans (Tas, 1975). This technique, based on the unique metachromatic properties of heparin with Toluidine Blue O in glycerol, has been worked out with rat peritoneal and mesenteric mast cells. After the smears containing the stained cells had been mounted in glycerol, a change with time of the recorded metachromatic peaks to lower wavelengths was found, leading to an equilibrium phase after some days. The metachromatic peaks recorded in this phase appeared to resemble closely the peak obtained for the heparin-Toluidine Blue O complex under similar conditions in the model experiments. With rat mast cells it was found that nucleic acids, basic proteins, histamine and lipids had no appreciable influence on the position of the final recorded peaks, nor did they influence the slope of the time course very much. This observed decrease with time in the wavelengths of the metachromatic peaks can be explained by the time necessary for equilibration of the cells in glycerol and by the possible influence of lower sulphated glycosaminoglycans on the peak of the heparin-Toluidine Blue O complex. It was found that the method can be used to detect unequivocally the presence of heparin in cells, even if they also contain up to 75% (mole/mole) of other, lower sulphated glycosaminoglycan. Only a limited number of cells is necessary with this method - in contrast to biochemical determinations. For the first time the presence of heparin in normal human basophilic granulocytes and mast cells has been proved directly. The experiments indicate the occurrence of virtually similar sulphated heparins in human mast cells and basophilic granulocytes, as well as in pig mast cells. A higher sulphated heparin, however, might be present in rat mast cells. PMID- 1126857 TI - Rules for the visible absorption spectra of halogenated fluorescein dyes. PMID- 1126858 TI - Carotid body tumors in the dog: a review and report of four cases. AB - Of 3,837 canine neoplasms from case records at Kansas State University, only 4 were of carotid body tumors. Information on these 4 cases, added to that on 18 cases already reported, indicated that such tumors are found most frequently in old dogs, principally in brachycephalic breeds. Although predisposition toward the male sex has been suggested for tumors of the chemoreceptor system, none was observed for carotid body tumors. Multicentricity apparently is not uncommon for chemoreceptor tumors; 9 of the 22 dogs simultaneously had aortic body tumor. PMID- 1126859 TI - Letter: The Lacey Act. PMID- 1126860 TI - Adverse drug reactions. PMID- 1126861 TI - Reproductive failure in swine associated with maternal seroconversion for porcine parvovirus. AB - Reproductive failure occurred in a swine herd in which the epizootiology of enteroviruses and the porcine parvovirus were being studied. Three virgin boars that were seropositive for the parvovirus were mated to seronegative, previously unmated gilts. The 11 gilts that farrowed had small litters, with high perinatal mortality. The remaining 12 gilts were marketed because of infertility, and the reproductive tracts were examined. Pathologic findings included early embryonal death attributed to viral infection. After the reproductive failure, all gifts and boars were seropositive for the parvovirus, suggesting that the reproductive failure was associated with a parvovirus infection. PMID- 1126862 TI - Fetal mummification associated with porcine parvovirus infection. AB - A crossbred gilt farrowed 2 mummified fetuses at term, but subsequently developed uterine inertia and became listless. The remaining 5 fetuses of the litter (4 mummified and 1 normal appearing) were collected by hysterectomy. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) was isolated from tissues of the mummified fetuses, and masses of viral antigen were detected throughout the same tissues when cryostat sections were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Serum from the normal-appearing fetus of this litter had a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer for PPV of 320. The finding of antibody (HI titer of 1,280) in serum collected from the gilt on the day of farrowing, but not in serum collected 67 days before, indicated initial exposure to PPV during gestation. PMID- 1126863 TI - Mesocestoides infection in the dog. PMID- 1126864 TI - Congenital urethrorectal fistula in two dogs. PMID- 1126865 TI - Studies on lankacidin-group (T-2636) ANTIBIOTICS. IX Preparation of C-labeled lankacidin C 14-propionate. AB - To investigate the metabolic fate of lankacidin C 14-propionate in experimental animals, the 14-C-labeled antibiotic was prepared by the fermentation of Streptomyces rochei var, volubilis in the presence of various 14-C-labeled organic carboxylic acids, amino acids and carbohydrates. Significant incorporation (20 similar to 40%) was observed with L-methionine-methyl-14-C. Lankacidin C 14-propionate-14-C (specific activity 49.6 muCi/mg) was obtained from lankacidin C-14-C and ethyl propionate by the action of an acylase of the streptomyces. PMID- 1126866 TI - A new antibiotic XK-62-2. III The structure of XK-62-2, a new gentamicin C complex antibiotic. AB - The structure of XK-62-2 has been firmly established to be 6'-N-methylgentamicin C1a (3) by application of spectroscopic methods in conjunction with chemical degradation. The data obtained in every case are completely consistent with the proposed structure. PMID- 1126867 TI - Bioconversion of ribostamycin (SF-733). III. Formation, structure and synthesis of 3-N-carboxymethyl ribostamycin. AB - A new inactivated product of ribostamycin (SF-733), 3-N-carboxymethyl ribostamycin, was obtained from the broth of Streptomyces ribosidificus which was grown on a medium containing D-xylose. Detection and some biochemical mechanism of N-carboxymethylation were discussed, and structure of 3-N-carboxymethyl ribostamycin was proposed based on the chemical degradation and synthesis. PMID- 1126868 TI - Production of bacillin by Bacillus sp. strain no. KM-208 and its identity with tetaine (bacilysin). PMID- 1126869 TI - Structural studies on destomycins A and B. PMID- 1126870 TI - Destomycin C, a new member of destomycin family antibiotics. PMID- 1126871 TI - A new antibiotic, calvatic acid. PMID- 1126872 TI - The isolation, structure, and absolute configuration of U-43,795, a new antitumor agent. PMID- 1126873 TI - Studies on marine microorganisms. IV. A new antibiotic SS-228 Y produced by Chainia isolated from shallow sea mud. AB - A new antibiotic named SS-228 Y, which inhibits growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Ehrlich carcinoma in mice, and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, was obtained from a species of Chainia isolated from shallow sea mud in Sagami Bay. It was yellowish brown powder having the molecular formula C19H1406. From the physical and chemical properties, SS-228 Y was concluded to b a new antibiotic having structure of peri-hydroxyquinone moiety. PMID- 1126874 TI - Reverse phase high speed liquid chromatography of antibiotics. AB - Reverse phase high speed liquid chromatographic methods are presented for the separation and detection of cephalosporins, penicillins, tetracyclines and other miscellaneous antibiotics. The reverse phase approach is superior to ion-exchange liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric, chemical and microbiological procedures currently in use. In addition to being simple and easy to control, the technique is rapid, convenient and precise and provides the basis for the direct analysis of pure compounds, stability samples, complex mixtures and dosage forms of all types. Preparative chromatography has been used in our laboratory for the separation and isolation of up to 500 mg of antibiotics. Using this approach, we have separated and isolated small impurities as well as pure feference compounds. The methodology reported here can be extensively applied to the separation, quantitation and isolation of both naturally occurring and synthetically produced antibiotics in a variety of media including physiological fluids. PMID- 1126875 TI - Preparations of radioactive polyoxins A, B, C and I. PMID- 1126876 TI - Kinetic study on epimerization and hydrolysis of hetacillin: use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 1126877 TI - N-glycosyl derivatives of polyene macrolide antibiotics. PMID- 1126878 TI - The antigens associated with the cell walls of members of the genus Pseudomonas. PMID- 1126880 TI - Long term storage of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. PMID- 1126879 TI - Antibacterial activity of 3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolylmethylideneamino)-2 oxazolidinone. PMID- 1126881 TI - A synthetic medium for the growth of Clostridium bifermentans. PMID- 1126882 TI - The observation and enumeration of micro-organisms in fluids using membrane filtration and incident fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 1126883 TI - Effects of previous exercise with arms or legs on metabolism and performance in exhaustive exercise. AB - The ability of additional muscles to perform after certain other muscles of the body had been exercised to exhaustion was studied in three male subjects. Exhaustive exercise was performed in two series: series L-A, a bout of leg exercise preceded a bout of arm exercise; series A-L, arm preceded leg (6-min recovery between bouts). Biopsies were taken during the course of each experiment from both the deltoideus and vastus lateralis muscles for determination of ATP, creatine phosphate, lactate, and pyruvate. Exhaustive exercise led to marked elevations in lactate and decreases in ATP and CP in exercised muscle and marked increases in blood lactate concentration. Similar changes, especially in lactate, were observed during and after the first exercise bout in nonexercised muscle. When arm or leg exercise was performed as the second bout, decreases in performance time were observed as compared to performance as the initial bout. It is suggested that the performance potential of muscle is decreased because of internal changes elicited by elevated blood lactate and/or blood H+ concentrations brought about by other muscle groups previously exercised to exhaustion. PMID- 1126884 TI - Changing effect of lung volume on respiratory drive in man. AB - Experiments were conducted on human subjects to study the effect of lung inflation during breath holding on respiratory drive. Two series of experiments were performed: the first to examine respiratory drive during a single breath hold, the second designed to examine the sustained effect of lung inflation on subsequent breath holds. The experiments involved breath holding begun either at the end of a normal expiration or after a maximum inspiration. When breath holding was repeated at 10-min intervals, the increase in BHT produced by lung inflation was greater in short breath holds (after CO2 rebreathing) than in long breath holds (after hyperventilation). If breath holds were made in rapid succession, the first breath hold was much longer when made at total lung capacity than at functional residual capacity, but this effect of lung inflation diminished in subsequent breath holds. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of lung inflation decays during breath holding and is regained remarkably slowly during the period of breathing immediately after breath holding. PMID- 1126885 TI - Limitations to maximum oxygen uptake in arms, leg, and combined arm-leg ergometry. AB - Our purpose was to study the effect of arm, leg, and combined arm-leg ergometry on the oxygen uptake (Vo2), cardiac output (Q), ventilation, and anaerobic threshold (AT) of three healthy men. At submaximum work intensities, Vo2 was not significantly different in the three tasks, but differences were observed for heart rate, ventilation, and Q. The AT was reached at progressively higher work rates in arm, leg and combined arm-leg ergometry, respectively. The Vo2 max in arm ergometry averaged 68 percent of the Vo2max in leg ergometry and 60 percent of Vo2 max in combined arm-leg ergometry. Two subjects with Vo2max's less than 45 ml/kg-min had a mean Vo2max in combined arm-leg ergometry 19 per cent higher than in leg ergometry. A third subject, with a Vo2max greater than 50 ml/kg-min, showed no change. Differences in Vo2max were primarily due to the differences in Q. Skeletal muscle blood flow appears to be a critical factor in the limitation of Vo2max in arm or leg ergometry. PMID- 1126886 TI - Effect of vibration on isolated dog bronchi. AB - Vibratory stress, induced by turbulent flow, has been shown to alter the structural properties in arteries. Since turbulent flow can exist in the lungs it seems important to know whether a similar effect can occur in bronchi. To answer that question air was passed through isolated dog bronchi. Turbulent flow was created by having, at one end, a cannula acting as a stenosis, producing vibrations or a "flitter" in the wall. A measure of the elastic properties was obtained by coupling pressure-volume data with photographs taken at different pressures. The results demonstrate a significant alteration in the structural properties, localized to ares under maximum vibration. A "yielding" in the direction of maximum stress was observed with a corresponding structural rearrangement (radius decreased, length increased). This effect and its relation to structural fatigue is discussed. The physiological significance of the results are that the bronchi become more resistant to deformation under positive pressures and less resistant to collapse under negative pressures. PMID- 1126887 TI - Constant-load versus heart rate-targeted exercise: responses of systolic intervals. AB - Eight normal male volunteers were studied during bicycle ergometry at constant work loads of 50, 100, and 150 W for 4 min each and heart rate-targeted exercise to rates which matched those during the end of the 4th min at each constant work load. Systolic intervals measured prior to and during exercise included: Q-IM, isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), preejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), ejection time index (ETI), PEP/LVET, and pulse transmission time (PTT). Directional changes during both exercise methods were consistent with previously reported results. Comparable control values indicated equivalent starting points for each bout and confirmed recovery from preceding exercise. There was striking similarities within each matched exercise set for Q-IM, IVCT, PEP, and PEP/LVET. LVET was significantly shorter for rate targeted exercise. We conclude that either constant-load or rate-targeted bicycle ergometry may be employed with choice of method determined by the purpose of the protocol and that systoloc intervals (except LVET) should not be importantly altered owing to the method chosen. PMID- 1126888 TI - Oxygen transport of hemoglobin in high-altitude animals (Camelidae). AB - To clarify the mechanisms by which high-altitude Camelidae can adapt to hypoxia, the study of some blood characteristics were carried out in apacas and llamas. The results show that there is a peculiar dissociation curve of hemoglobin in alpacas which permits great affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen at lung level and the release of oxygen at the tissue level with a facility similar to that in man. Fetal hemoglobin was found high in adult alpacas (55 percent). Electrophoretic studies of hemoglobin showed that this pigment has two components, both of which have a very low mobility. Lactic dehydrogenase was found six times higher than in humans. RBC glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was two times higher than in man living at the same altitude. Myoglobin was found to be higher than in man living at altitude. Alpacas have erythrocytes in which the amount of 2,3-DPG is approximately the same as in man. RBC are more resistent to hypotonic solutions than humans. The amount of lactic dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase dimishes when alpacas are bought down to sea level. PMID- 1126889 TI - Effects of hypoxia and histamine infusion on lung blood volume. AB - Using an isolated perfused cat lung preparation we examined the effects of hypoxia and histamine infusion on the lung blood volume. Total lung blood volume was determined from the indocyanine green transit time and the ether bolus technique was used to estimate arterial and venous volumes during forward and retrograde perfusion, respectively. Changes in lung total fluid content were determined from changes in the blood volume of the perfusion system. Hypoxia increased perfusion pressure and decreased total fluid and blood volume. Histamine infusion also increased perfusion pressure and decreased blood volume. However, histamine increased total fluid volume, indicating an increase in vascular permeability. Hypoxia decreased arterial and venous volumes, and histamine decreased venous volume. The slopes of the arterial and venous volume/pressure curves were not altered by hypoxia or histamine. PMID- 1126890 TI - Tolerance to unilateral or bilateral ischemic hand exercise. AB - During tourniquet occlusion of blood flow in 10 volunteers, the number of contractions performed by each arm contracting simultaneously with the other, equalled or exceeded the number of contractions performed by either arm alone. The discomfort produced by ischemic muscle exercise is interpreted in terms of the most dominant stimulus, and impulses appear not to summate. PMID- 1126891 TI - Ventilatory response to drug-induced hypermetabolism. AB - Previous workers have demonstrated that an increase in minute ventilation accompanies tissue hypermetabolism induced by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. The mechanism of this increase in minute ventilation has not been established. Accordingly, 2.5 mg/kg of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) or 8-15 mg/kg of ethyl methylene blue (EMB) were infused into chloralose-anesthetized mongrel dogs; Vo2 increased 105 plus or minus 3% and VE INCREASED 107 PLUS OR MINUS 14%. Heads of vagotomized dogs were then perfused entirely with normal unchanging blood. Spinal cord remained intact. (The carotid bodies lay within the region of the perfused head.) Ventilatory responses of these head-perfused animals to breathing low oxygen and to breathing high CO2 gas mixtures were greatly attenuated. However, when DNP or EMB was infused into the body, VO2 increased 114 plus or minus 23% and VE increased 123 plus or minus 22%. When similar doses of DNP or emb were selectively administered to the head, increases in VE were limited to 21 plus or minus 6%. It is concluded that a major portion of the stimulus to ventilation, which accompanies infusion of DNP or of EMB, arises in tissues other than arterial chemoreceptors and brain. Presumably, this ventilatory stimulus is transmitted to the respiratory center via afferent pathways of the cervical spinal cord. PMID- 1126892 TI - Atropine modification of the pulmonary effects of chemical mediators in the guinea pig. AB - The actions of histamine, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), Bradykinin, and prostaglandin F2alpha on pulmonary mechanics in the unanesthetized guinea pig were separated into direct and secondary cholinergic airway effects on the basis of alteration of their actions by atropine. The effects of SRS-A (500 and 3,000 units/kg) on compliance were not significantly altered by atropine, while the effects of bradykinin (3.0 and 30 mug/kg) on compliance were decreased only at 3.0 mug/kg by atropine. The effects of both of these agents on resistance were decreased by atropine, suggesting that SRS-A and bradykinin act directly on the peripheral airways and by secondary cholinergic mechanisms on both central and peripheral airways. The effects of histamine (3.0 mug/kg) on both compliance and resistance were abolished by atropine, suggesting an action mainly via cholinergic pathways; while at a higher dose, 9.0 mug/kg, there was both a direct and a cholinergic action. The effects observed 20 sec after the administration of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) were not altered by atropine suggesting a direct action on airways, while both the compliance and resistance changes observed 3-8 min after PGF2alpha were abolished by atropine suggesting that the latter effects were mediated solely by cholinergic mechanisms PMID- 1126893 TI - Altered control of skin blood flow at high skin and core temperatures. AB - Five subjects were studied during periods of controlled increases and decreases in skin temperature (Ts) over the Ts range of 34-40 degrees C. One protocol was designed to observe changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) and heart rate (HR) with changes in core temperature (Tc; right atrial blood temperature and esophageal temperature were measured) with Ts held constant at two levels. FBF and HR changed linearly with Tc in the Tc range of 37-38 degrees C with Ts constant at 38 degrees C. A second protocol imposed Ts changes at two levels of Ts and Tc; this protocol also included a prolonged cooling period. The influence of Ts on FBF and HR was reduced when Ts changes occurred at an elevated Ts and Tc, and FBF showed considerable hysteresis during cooling. We conclude that a linear model for the control of FBF or HR is inadequate as a tool for predicting the control of these variables. PMID- 1126894 TI - Blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by increased lung vascular pressures. AB - We tested the hypothesis that increased pressures within the lung vessels would inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction at all levels of alveolar CO2 tension. Selective hypoxia of the left lower lobe of the lung in open chested dogs caused the electromagnetically measured blood flow to the lobe to decrease 51 plus or minus 4 (SE) percent and its vascular resistance to increase 132 plus or minus 13 percent. Pressure and blood flow in the main pulmonary artery and left atrial pressure did not change during the hypoxic response. Stepwise increments in left artrial and pulmonary arterial pressures induced either by inflating a left atrial balloon or infusing dextran, progressively diminished the vasoconstrictive response to hypoxia. The response was usually abolished when left atrial pressure reached 25 mmHg. For all vascular pressures, hypoxic vasoconstriction was blunted by hypocapnic alkalosis but not enhanced by hypercapnia. We conclude that the redistribution of blood flow away from an hypoxic lobe of the lung to lobes with high Po2 was greatly attenuated by increasing pressures within lung vessels or by inducing respiratory alkalosis. PMID- 1126895 TI - Measurement of pleural effusion by electrical impedance. AB - Changes in the electrical impedance of the thorax were recorded from various electrode arrays on the thorax during the infusion and withdrawal of saline, plasma, or blood from the right, left, or both hemithoraxes. Impedance changes correlated linearly with the volume of infused fluid. The resistivity of the infused fluid significantly affected the sensitivity (omega/ml) of the impedance method in detecting specific fluid accumulations. The use of hemithoracic electrode arrays permitted the localization of fluid accumulations to a specific hemithorax. Various factors that can alter the magnitude and interpretation of impedance changes are discussed, as they would affect the clinical interpretation of impedance changes, particularly in postoperative patients. PMID- 1126896 TI - Comparison of physiological responses of women and men to isometric exercise. AB - The volunteers for this study were 83 women, aged 19-65 yr, drawn from several different occupations. Three minutes after exerting maximal handgrip strength (MVC) each subject held a tension of 40 percent MVC to fatigue. Blood pressures and heart rates were measured before, during, and after the endurance of contraction. Age was associated with a reduction of strength of the women, whereas their endurance at 40 percent at 40 per cent MVC increased. There was evidence that menopause enhanced those age effects for strength and endurance. At rest, age was associated with a decreased heart rate. As expected, the heart rates of all the women increased during the endurance contraction. But that increase was greater for the younger than for the older women, thereby exaggerating the difference due to age already seen at rest. Systolic blood pressure at rest was higher with age and, in a similar manner, that relationship was also exaggerated throughout the isometric contraction. Diastolic blood pressure, however, was not changed with age at rest, and although the diastolic pressure increased during the isometric exercise, the rate of increase was unaffected by age. The results obtained are compared with those from a similarly large number of men examined in identical circumstances. PMID- 1126897 TI - Regulation of frequency and depth of breathing during expiratory threshold loading in cats. AB - In six spontaneously breathing anesthetized cats, intermittently subjected to inspiratory elastic loads, we have studied the relationships between tidal volume (VT) and the durations of inspiration (Ti) and breath duration (Ttot) obtained during spontaneous ventilation from resting lung volume (FRCc) and from elevated end-expiratory levels. The latter was elevated by submerging the expiratory breathing line into a column of water, representing the addition of an expiratory threshold load (ETL). The VT vs. Ti relationships obtained at different end expiratory levels were similar, indicating that during ETL the vagal mechanism regulating Ti responds only to lung volume changes above the new end-expiratory level and is independent of the absolute end-expiratory lung volume. Single vagal fiber recordings suggest that this effect on Ti control may be explained on the basis of adaptation occurring at the level of the pulmonary stretch receptors. The control of Ttot, on the other hand, was found to depend both on the Ti of the preceding breath (phasic component) and on a separate vagal mechanism specifically affecting the duration of expiration (Te) in response to changes in the absolute end-expiratory lung volume. The latter mechanism is functionally inoperative at FRCc. PMID- 1126898 TI - Influence of lung parenchyma on collapsibility of dog bronchi. AB - In five excised dog lobes in the distended state, we inserted several small beads into the bronchi roughly at their third branches and glued them airtight to the bronchial wall with adhesive substance, except for one which was open and through which the entire lobe could be expanded via collateral channels. This permitted us to measure the volume-pressure behavior of bronchi at different fixed lung tensions. From differences in pressure-volume curves of both the bronchi in situ and the bronchi intact within the lung showed a remarkably greater resistance to collapsing that dissected bronchi, and this characteristic tended to be much more intense when lung tension was increased. Determinants of maximum expiratory flow were discussed with these findings. PMID- 1126899 TI - Decreased oxygen uptake with stored blood in the isolated hindlimb. AB - Storage of red cells in acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) solution for more than a week has been shown to cause a reduction in red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), resulting in a decrease in the half-saturation pressure (P50) of stored blood, thus increasing hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and theoretically decreasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. A method to isolate and perfuse the hindlimb in a dog has been developed and used successfully to compare the difference of oxygen release between banked and fresh ACD blood. Ten dogs were perfused using canine blood collected in standard blood transfusion bags containing ACD and stored at 4 degrees C and fresh blood collected in a similar manner but used immediately. The total oxygen release in the limb during perfusion with fresh blood was significantly greater than during perfusion with stored blood. PMID- 1126900 TI - Positive airway pressure and vertical transpulmonary pressure gradient in man. AB - Static transpulmonary pressure (Pao-Pes) and the vertical gradient of transpulmonary pressure were determined in five sitting conscious normal subjects at mean airway pressures of 0 (ambient), 11, and 21 cmH2O. All subjects exhibited a nonuniform transpulmonary pressure gradient down the esophagus. The vertical pressure gradient was consistently larger in the lower (8-20cm below esophageal artifact) than in the middle region (0-8cm) of the esophagus. The gradient was not significantly altered by continuous positive airway pressure (11 and 21 cmH2O) or by changes in lung volume (60, 70, and 80% of total lung capacity (TLC)). Continuous positive airway pressure also did not result in a consistent change of the overall static pressure-volume curve of the lung. There was a small but statistically significant increase in TLC with each increase in airway pressure. PMID- 1126901 TI - Effect of end-expiratory airway pressure on accumulation of extravascular lung water. AB - The effect of end-expiratory airway pressure on the accumulation of extravascular lung water during lobar venous occlusion for 2 h was studied in closed-chest artifically ventilated dogs. Dogs were divided into two groups by end-expiratory airway pressures of 0 or 10 cmH2O. High-pressure lobar pulmonary edema was produced by lobar venous occlusion, which elevated microvascular hydrostatic pressure. After occlusion of the lobar pulmonary vein, lobar venous pressure (and microvascular hydrostatic pressure) rapidly became identical to pulmonary arterial pressure. We measured extravascular lung water (post mortem) and pulmonary arterial pressure and calculated plasma colloid osmotic pressure to determine the relationship between the accumulation of lung water and the difference between pulmonary microvascular pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure (net intravascular filtration pressure). At comparable net intravascular filtration pressures, dogs ventilated at the higher end-expiratory airway pressure accumulated more extravascular lung water. This study indicates that increasing end-expiratory airway pressure from zero to 10 cmH2O increases the accumulation of extravascular lung water when microvascular hydrostatic pressure is raised. PMID- 1126902 TI - Pulmonary blood flow determined by continuous analysis of pulmonary N2O exchange. AB - Measurement of mean pulmonary blood flow (Qp) as a function of pulmonary inert gas (N2O) uptake was studied with the aid of a mathematical model, fast response measurement of gas flow and gas concentrations at the mouth, and digital computer analysis of the data. The model treats the total pulmonary inert gas uptake as the sum of dead space, alveolar, lung tissue, and pulmonary blood flow uptakes. Analysis of any two breaths during breathing of a gas mixture (39 percent N2O, 21 percent O2, 40 percent N2 or He) in terms of the soluble (N2O) and the insoluble (N2 or He) inert gas yields two simultaneous equations with two unknowns which can be solved for Qp. No assumptions are required about the magnitude of the alveloar, dead space, or lung tissue volumes and constant FRC is not a requirement. The validity of the mathematical model and its sensitivity to known measurement errors was studied by computer simulation of respiratory gas exchange for N2O and N2. Comparison of Qp (N2O) with the direct Fick method (O2) in five anesthetized dogs showed agreement within plus or minus 20 percent. The proposed method has promise as a clinical method for determination of cardiac output on a breath-to-breath basis during regular breathing at rest or during exercise. PMID- 1126903 TI - Deep body temperature from aural canal with servo-controlled heating to outer ear. AB - A portable battery-powered device was used to measure temperature in the external aural canal by a thermistor while keeping the temperature of the outer ear, monitored by a second thermistor at the same level by servo-controlled heating. Aural canal temperature then always stabilized within 0.35 degrees C of esophageal in moving air at between 18 and 45 degrees C. It often did so in colder air, but stabilization was slow even after brief exposure to the cold air. Aural temperature then paralleled esophageal within 0.35 degrees C during rapid changes in deep body temperature while rectal temperature was seriously depressed in cold air. These conclusions were based on 30 experiments on 11 male and 7 female subjects. PMID- 1126904 TI - Lung lavage using a single-lumen endotracheal tube. AB - The physiological response of the cardiopulmonary system of the dog during and after bronchopulmonary lavage via a single-lumen endotracheal tube was evaluated. The five Beagle dogs used in the study were prepared for lavage by anesthetization, vascular cannulation, intubation with a single-lumen endotracheal tube, and hyperventilation with 100 percent oxygen. Lavage was performed by placing a dog in lateral recumbency, slowly introducing saline to a volume approximating the total lung capacity of the dependent lung, and then draining the lung immediately by gravity. After brief ventilation the lavage sequence was repeated until five washes using a total of 2,000 ml were completed. The dog was then turned to the opposite side and the washing sequence repeated on the other lung. The heart rate slowed but pulmonary and systemic arterial mean pressures did not change. The PAo2 decreased from 317 to 107 mmHg during the procedure, but Paco2 did not increase and remained below 40 mmHg. Pulmonary function tests at 24 h after lavage revealed only a few mild changes in breathing pattern and gas exchange. At 168 h after lavage pulmonary function values did not differ significantly from prelavage values. PMID- 1126905 TI - A simple module for on-line computation of stroke volume and cardiac output. AB - An easily constructed, low-priced, simple, and reliable module to obtain stroke volume and cardiac output by analog integration of aortic blood flow velocity signals is described. Rapid data analysis of physiologic and pharmacologic cardiovascular responses in dogs is greatly facilitated by on line computation of these parameters. PMID- 1126906 TI - A self-contained calibration unit for use with intracellular recording systems. AB - A relatively inexpensive solid state device designed for calibration of amplifiers and recorders used in microelectrode studies is described. The device is imposed between the ground electrode and the amplifier and provides three calibration signals; 100 mV DC for calibrating amplitude a variable-frequency square wave, 100 mV in amplitude use for capacitance neutralization, and a 100 mV, essentially square-wave signal with variable rate of rise and fall used for calibrating electronic differentiating circuits. The instrument is self-contained and battery powered. It was designed to remain in the circuit while recording. Calibration can be accomplished with the microelectrode in the circuit or with a dummy load. PMID- 1126907 TI - A method for the placement of His bundle electrodes and production of atrioventricular block in dogs. AB - A multibarrell electrode designed for the location of the His bundle (HB) in open chest dogs is described. The barrels may be used for the introduction of electrodes into the region of the HB for recording or pacing or for the injection of formaldehyde into the area to produce atrioventricular block. PMID- 1126908 TI - Preparation for repeated study of left ventricular function in the conscious dog. AB - A method is presented for a relatively simple nontraumatic chronic left heart catheter preparation for the study of left ventricular hemodynamics in the conscious dog. In 30 dogs an 8 Fr Cordis catheter was modified and implanted into the left ventricle via the right atrial septum. Transseptal catheterization was performed without significant morbidity and mortality. Left ventricular cineangiograms and pressures and cardiac outputs have been repeatedly performed on fully conscious dogs with no apparent discomfort displayed by the dog. PMID- 1126909 TI - Measurement of renal interstitial fluid pressure with polyethylene matrix capsules. AB - The renal interstitial fluid pressure was measured in dogs from small chronically implanted solid capsules made of porous polyethylene matrix material (pore size approximately 60 mum). Tissue does not grow into the polyethylene and the matrix creates a permanent fluid-filled space in communication with the interstitium. The fluid pressure in the capsule matrix was measured from a tube leading from the capsule with an active servo-null pressure-measuring device. Renal interstitial fluid pressure measured from 28 hydropenic dogs averaged 6.1 plus or minus 0.51 mmHg (SE). Increasing oncotic pressure inside the capsule to 90 mmHg resulted in a small but significant increase in hydrostatic pressure inside the capsule of 3.3 plus or minus 0.46 mmHg. However, the hydrostatic pressure returned to control levels within 30 min. In vitro studies indicated that the pressure measured from the capsule was highly sensitive to change in surrounding hydrostatic pressure, but insensitive to change in surrounding oncotic pressure. Histological studies showed a small layer of connective tissue surrounding the capsule less than 100 mum thick in many areas. There was no evidence of inflammation or tissue rejection. It is concluded that the small chronically implanted polyethylene capsule is a reliable method for the measurement of renal interstitial fluid pressure. PMID- 1126910 TI - Cerebral hemodynamics following internal maxillary artery ligation in the goat. AB - Changes in cerebral and extracerebral blood flow in the goat after ligation of the internal maxillary artery and deliberate thrombosis of the extracerebral arteries (buccinator, ethmoidal, and ophthalmic) with thrombin were compared to changes seen in animals after internal maxillary artery ligation only and in normal animals where no surgical manipulations were performed. Blood flow was measured by injecting 51-Cr-labeled microspheres into the internal maxillary artery via a catheter placed into the temporal artery. Analysis of the radioactivity in extracerebral and intracerebral tissues indicated that when the internal maxillary artery is ligated and the extracerebral arteries are thrombosed, virtually all of the blood flow from the carotid artery is destined from the brain. However, if only the internal maxillary artery is ligated nearly one-fourth of the blood flow from the maxillary travels to extra-cerebral tissues. In normal animals, it was determined that only one-fourth of the blood flow in the internal maxillary is destined for the cerebral circulation. Results from this study indicate that if the former method is employed an accurate measure of cerebral blood flow is possible without the complications of extra cerebral flow. If the latter technique is used care must be taken in evaluating cerebral blood flow since a large component of extra-cerebral blood flow is present. PMID- 1126911 TI - Effects of topical and general anesthetic agents on tracheal mucous velocity of sheep. AB - Tracheal mucous velocity was estimated in eleven sheep by means of cine bronchofiberscopic technique in which Teflon discs placed on the tracheal mucosa were filmed as markers. The procedure was done using a transnasal approach in conscious nonanesthetized sheep, and in the same sheep using topical and/or general anesthetic agents. The average mucous velocity in conscious sheep was 17.3 plus or minus 6.2 (SD) mm/min; in sheep anesthetized with intravenous pentobarbital or thioamylal, the average velocity was significantly depressed to 11.1 plus or minus 3.6 mm/min. No Significant differences in tracheal mucous velocity were found when 10 ml of 2 percent lidocaine was instilled into the tracheas of either conscious sheep or sheep under general anesthesia. Sheep as an animal model appear to be ideal in the study of the responses of tracheal mucous velocity to physical and chemical agents since they tolerate bronchofiberscopy quite well without the use of topical or general anesthetic agents. The basis for the depression of tracheal mucous velocity by barbiturates cannot be ascertained from the present study but the model should be useful for comparing different types of anesthetic agents. PMID- 1126912 TI - Letter: Maximum expiratory flow-volume curves. PMID- 1126913 TI - Letter: Maximum expiratory flow-volume curves. PMID- 1126914 TI - Letter: Maximum expiratory flow-volume curves. PMID- 1126915 TI - Production of molybdenum-coordinating compound by Bacillus thuringiensis. AB - Bacillus thuringiensis (ATCC 10792) produces a molybdenum reactive compound (given the trivial name chelin) during growth on iron-deficient medium. This compound accumulates in the culture medium in direct relation to the amount of L arginine added and reaches a maximum concentration 24 to 48 h after the stationary phase of growth. Chelin absorbs light in the ultraviolet region with absorption maxima at 315 and 248 nm and minima at 284 and 240 nm. Chelin reacts with Na2MoO4, but not with Mo2O4(H2O)6-2+, to form a bright yellow molybdo-chelin complex which absorbs light with an absorption maximum at 330 nm, a minimum at 288 nm, and shoulders at 255 and 400 nm. The differential absorption of molybdo chelin versus chelin at 425 nm can be used to quantify chelin. This differential absorbance is linear with increasing concentrations of Na2MoO4 and was used to calculate the molar extinction coefficient of molybdochelin at 425 nm (epsilon similar to 6,200). Chelin binds MoO4-2 minus to form a complex (molybdochelin) which migrates as a single band and elutes as a single peak, during acrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex G-15 gel filtration. Molecular weight determinations using Sephadex G-15 gel filtration resulted in an estimated molecular weight of 550 for chelin and an estimated molecular weight of 760 for molybdo-chelin. The peptide nature of chelin is indicated by its positive ninhydrin reaction on thin-layer chromatography plates and by the presence of amino acids in acid-hydrolyzed samples. The major amino acid residues detected were threonine, glycine, and alanine. PMID- 1126916 TI - Conjugational transfer of genes determining plant virulence in Erwinia amylovora. AB - A stable virulent donor strain (EA 178R1-99) of Erwinia amylovora can transfer, by conjugation during a 3-h mating period, the gene or genes which determine(s) plant virulence to avirulent recipient strains (EA178-M64S1 and EA178-M173S1) of Escherichia amylovora. The virulence of over 200 recombinant clones was tested; they all were as virulent on immature Bartlett pear fruits (and, in the smaller series of strains tested, also, on Pyracantha twigs) as was the parent donor strain. Although the avirulent recipeint strains are amino acid auxotrophs, addition of the required amino acids to the inocula in plant virulence trials does not of itself restore virulence. Two small series of prototrophic revertant clones were selected from the auxotrophic avirulent recipient strains; only nine of the 21 prototrophic revertant clones regained virulence, whereas the other 12 prototrophic revertant clones remained avirulent, again suggesting a lack of parallelism between nutritional status and virulence in this system. Preliminary interrupted mating trials, carried out at 15-min intervals over 3 h, show that ser is transferred during the first 15 min, that pro starts entering at about 75 min (and with a higher frequency later), and that lac (originating from an integrated Escherichia coli F'lac) enters toward the end of the 3-h mating period and at a reduced frequency compared to the other markers. The gene or genes which determine(s) plant virulence in this Escherichia amylovora donor strain appear(s) to be transferred readily and seemingly completely to recipient strains during the first 15 min of a 3-h mating period. Exposure of the virulent donor strain to acridine orange or ethidium bromide does not result in loss of virulence, suggesting (but, of course, not proving conclusively) that the determinant(s) of virulence in Escherichia amylovora might be chromosomal rather than extrachromosomal. PMID- 1126917 TI - Characterization of an inhibitor of ribonucleic acid polymerase from the mycelial phase of Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - An inhibitor of ribonucleic acid polymerases has been obtained from the mycelial phase of Histoplasma capsulatum and partially characterized. The inhibitor, called histin, was purified 200-fold by heat treatment at 100 C and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Histin moved in electrophoresis as if negatively charged; it was insensitive to treatment with ribonuclease of deoxyribonuclease but was completely digested by Pronase. Sucrose gradient centrifugation suggests a molecular weight of 24,000. The possibility of a regulatory role for histin in the life cycle of H. capsulatum is discussed. PMID- 1126918 TI - Two distinct isocitrate lyases from a pseudomonas species. AB - The isocitrate lyases of acetate- and methylamine-grown Pseudomonas MA (Shaw strain) were studied. They were shown to be different by a variety of physical criteria including chromatographic elution patterns, heat inactivation kinetics, pH variation of Km values, and migration on polyacrylamide gels. The implications and significance of the existence of two enzymes in relation to the role of isocitrate lyase in methylamine utilization is discussed. PMID- 1126919 TI - Ultrastructure of ascosporogenesis in Nannizzia gypsea. AB - Ascosporogenesis in Nannizzia gypsea was studied by electron microscopy. Development of ascospores began with the formation of an ascus vesicle composed of two paired unit membranes. Myelin figures consisting of coiled or concentric membranes were regularly connected with the growing ascus vesicle. Both the ascus vesicle and the myelin figures possessed an electron-dense line between paired membranes, and both were stained by the periodic acid-silver methenamine technique. Invagination of the ascus vesicle about the haploid nuclei resulted in eight uninucleate prospores bounded by two concentric membranes. Spore wall material was deposited between the two membranes of the prospores, and deposition was greatest in areas of the wall overlying stacked elements of endoplasmic reticulum. A single myelin figure surrounded by a polysaccharide halo was observed in the spore. PMID- 1126920 TI - Intradermal catabolism of rabbit IgG and its fragments. AB - Disappearance of rabbit EgG and its Fc fragment from the injected sites in skin and also the relationship to reverse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (RPCA) were studied using guinea pigs. Rabbit IgG and its Fc fragment, trace labelled with 125-I, disappeared from the injected sites with half-lives of 12--14 and 6--7 hr, respectively. The shorter half-life of the Fc fragment explained why its activity to provoke RPCA disappeared more rapidly than that of intact IgG as the sensitization period was prolonged. The ability to provoke RPCA did not seem to influence the persistence of Fc fragment in the sites, since F(ab')2 as well as Fab fragments had the same half-life as Fc fragment. PMID- 1126921 TI - Assembly of a rod-shaped virus. Disk aggregate of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus protein and its function. AB - Although it is established that in the assembly of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in vitro, a 20 S disk aggregate of protein is essential for the initiation of the reaction, there is no agreement as to whether subsequent rod elongation proceeds by the addition of protein subunits or disks. Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a rod-shaped virus closely related to TMV. It was observed directly by electron microscopy that CGMMV-protein also formed a single- or double-layer disk aggregate under conditions where reconstitution with the protein and TMV-RNA proceeds efficiently. Whichever forms, a single or double layer, a disk aggregate is required for the initiation of reconstitution, but cannot participate in rod elongation. These results obtained with CGMMV support our model proposed for the mechanism of assembly of TMV and rod-shaped viruses; i.e., the assembly occurs in two steps; disk aggregates of protein are essential only for initiation, and rod eleongation proceeds by subsequent addition of subunits. PMID- 1126922 TI - Low molecular weight components (g-chains) of myosin from rabbit skeletal muscle. Separation, amino acid compositions and contents in myosin. AB - Low molecular weight components (g1, g2, and g3) were isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle myosin and their amino acid compositions were analyzed. One mole tryptophan was found in g1 and in g2, but none in g3. One mole of acetic acid was found per mole of each g-chain and it was concluded that the N-terminal groups of all three g-chains are acetylated. The minimum molecular weight of the g-chains were estimated from their amino acid compositions. It was estimated by SDS-disc electrophoresis that 1 mole of myosin contained 0.90, 1.7, and 0.63 moles of g1, g2, and g3, respectively. Similar values were obtained with psoas muscle myosin, but in heavy meromyosin prepared from skeletal muscle myosin the content of g2 was much lower, and that of g3 was much higher. PMID- 1126923 TI - Demonstration by affinity chromatography of the cell-free synthesis of ribonuclease-specific immunoglobulin. AB - An immunoglobulin specific for RNase [EC 3.1.4.22] has been synthesized in a cell free system containing either lymph node microsomes or polysomes or spleen polysomes from rats previously immunized with RNase. The synthesis of anti-RNase immunoglobulin was demonstrated by affinity chromatography using an RNase Sepharose column. Supporting evidence for the cell-free synthesis of immunoglobulin was obtained by separating the synthesized immunoglobulin from other proteins by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography and by neutralization of RNase activity with the separated immunoglobulin. Lymph nodes and spleen had an almost equal capacity to synthesize the immunoglobulin to RNase. Under our experimental conditions, 5 to 15 per cent of the total protein synthesis was directed toward immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 1126924 TI - A simple chemical method for the determination of dermatan sulfate in the presence of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. AB - A simple chemical method for the determination of individual mucopolysaccharides in mixtures of dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfates by means of a single reagent was established, utilizing the difference in reaction rates of these polysaccharides with orcinol. To each 1 ml of a sample mixture of standard dermatan sulfate and standard chondroitin sulfate (either 4- or 6-sulfate) was added 3 ml of orcinol reagent and the resulting solution was heated in a boiling water bath. After 20 and 60 min reaction, absorbances at 660 nm were measured and the concentrations of individual mucopolysaccharides were calculated. High reproducibility was observed for the determination of dermatan sulfate in the presence of chondroitin sulfates. In addition, orcinol reaction for 90 min employing D-glucuronolactone as a standard appeared to be of practical value in the estimation of the uronic acid content of these mucopolysaccharides. PMID- 1126925 TI - Gel electrophoresis of amylose in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. AB - It has been shown that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is capable of forming stable complexes with amylose and that fractionation of short-chain amyloses can be effected by SDS-gel electrophoresis. Using a well-defined smylose fraction (molecular weight 4,000), the thermodynamic parameters pertaining to SDS-amylose interaction have been evaluated by means of frontal gel chromatography. The results are as follows: association constant (K)=5.0 times 10-3-M-minus 1 at 25 degrees (pH 9.4); standard free energy change (delta G degrees)=-5.1 kcal/mole; standard enthalpy change (delta H degrees)=-5.8 kcal/mole; standard entropy change (delta Sdegrees)=-2.3(e.u.) and the maximum number of binding sites for SDS (n)=1. In the presence of 0.5--1 percent SDS, amylose migrates toward the anode upon gel electrophoresis, giving a compact band. High resolution of amylose fractions (released by treatment of amylopectin with debranching enzyme) has been attained using pore-size gradient gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1126926 TI - Novel monofunctional substrates of polynucleotide phosphorylase. The "single addition" of 2'(3')-O-dihydrocinnamoyl-nucleoside 5'-diphosphate to a primer oligonucleotide. AB - A method was developed for stepwise wynthesis of oligonucleotides of difined wequence using 2'(3')-O-dihydrocinnamoyl-nucleoside 5'-diphosphates as substrates for polynucleotide phosphorylase [ED 2.7.7.8]. Polynucleotide phosphorylase from Thermus thermophilus catalyzed the transfer of one 2'(3')-blocked ADP to the 3' terminus of the primer trinucleoside diphosphate, ApApA. The product was 2'(3') substituted triadenylyladenosine. The blocking group, dihydrocinnamoyl, could be removed completely from the product without destruction of the phosphodiester bond using alpha-chymotrypsin [ED 3.4.21.1] at neutral pH. PMID- 1126927 TI - Demonstration of thyroxine-stimulated incorporation of amino acid into peptide linkage in mitochondria-free system. AB - The observation that thyroxine stimulated in vitro protein synthesis in the absence of mitochondria (Carter, W.J., Faas, F.H., and Wynn, J (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 4973-4977) has been disputed on the basis that radioactivity incorporated into protein did not represent peptide synthesis but incorporation of labeled contaminants present in the L-(U-14C) valine precursor (Sokoloff, L., and Roberts, P.A. (1972 Fed. Proc. 31, 1525). The question of mitochondrial requirement is important in determining whether thyroxine has a direct action on the polysome or causes the release of stimulatory factors from mitochondria. In this paper, thyroxine stimulation of peptide synthesis in mitochondria-free systems has been confirmed. Peptide synthesis is required for the thyroxine effect since it is dependent on the presence of polysomes and an energy source in the reaction mixture and is abolished by puromycin. The thyroxine effect is not due to incorporation of labeled contaminants since hydrolysis of labeled protein recovered from control and thyroxine-treated reaction mixtures yields the labeled amino acid precursor as the only radioactive product. Thyroxine stimulates polyuridylic acid-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis, providing further evidence that thyroxine is stimulating peptide synthesis rather than incorporation of radioactive contaminants by mechanisms other than peptide synthesis. Although thyroxine stimulates polyphenylalanine synthesis, it does not influence polyuridylic acid hydrolysis measured in the same reaction. Therefore, thyroxine stimulation of peptide synthesis is not due to prevention of hydrolysis of nucleic acid components of the reaction mixture. Thyroxine does not influence the size or specific activity of the free valine pool in the reaction mixture, indicating that observed increases in valine incorporation reflect increased peptide synthesis rather than increased specific activity of the valine precursor. The fact that thyroxine stimulates peptide synthesis using (14C)aminoacyl-tRNA precursors strengthens this conclusion. Therefore, thyroxine stimulation of protein labeling is dependent on the presence of peptide synthesis and cannot be explained by incorporation of labeled contaminants, prevention of RNA hydrolysis, or change in the specific activity of the amino acid precursor. Thyroxine causes a genuine increase in peptide synthesis by a direct action at the polysomal level. PMID- 1126928 TI - N-Methylglutamate synthetase. Substrate-flavin hydrogen transfer reactions probed with deazaflavin mononucleotide. AB - N-Methylglutamate synthetase, reconstituted from apo-protein with 5-deazaFMN, catalyzes the reversible formation of N-methylglutamate via the same two-step mechanism previously elucidated for native enzyme (Reactions 1 and 2).(See article). This conclusion is based on the observation that: 1. Enzyme-bound deazaFMN (gamma-max equals 410, 338, epsilon410 equals 10,400 m-minus 1 cm-minus 1) is reduced by L-glutamate, N-methyl-L-glutamate but not D-glutamate. At saturating concentrations of L-glutamate Reaction 1 proceeds at 1% of the rate observed with FMN-reconstituted enzyme. 2. Substrate-reduced deazaFMN enzyme is reoxidized by methylamine or ammonia. 3. A glutaryl enzyme intermediate, isolated by Sephadex G-25 chromatography, contains radioactivity when prepared from [U 14C]glutamate, [alpha-3H]glutamate, or N-[glutaryl U-14C]methylglutamate; however, this intermediate is not labeled from N[methyl 14C]methylglutamate. 4. The amount of radioactivity incorporated into the intermediate is stoichiometric with the amount of deazaFMN reduced during its formation. 5. Intermediate prepared with [U-14C]glutamate yields alpha-[14C]ketoglutarate when denatured with acid and N-[glutaryl-U-14C]methylglutamate when incubated with methylamine. In the absence of methylamine deazaFMN enzyme intermediate slowly decays to yield alpha-hydroxyglutarate. 6. The rate of deazaFMN glutaryl enzyme intermediate formation at a fixed glutamate concentration is equal to the rate of the over-all reaction while the rate of intermediate reaction with methylamine is approximately 50 times greater than the over-all reaction. DeazaFMN enzyme intermediate prepared with [alpha-3H]-glutamate yields [3H]deazaFMNH2 when denatured with acid or phenol and N-[3H]methylglutamate when incubated with methylamine. These results show that the alpha-hydrogen of glutamate is transferred to deazaFMNH2, presumably at the 5 position, during Reaction 1 and that the same hydrogen is utilized for the reformation of the alpha C-H bond during Reaction 2. These results provide the first direct evidence for enzymic hydrogen transfer from substrate to flavin. PMID- 1126929 TI - High sensitivity automated sequence determination of polypeptides. AB - We report the development of a high sensitivity Edman method for use in the automated protein sequenator. With the use of a radioactive coupling reagent, [35S]phenylisothiocyanate, and minor modifications in the sequenator program, sequence analyses have been performed on nanomole quantities of protein. The radioactive phenylthiohydantoin derivatives produced in the degradation are identified at the 10 to 100 pmol level by two-dimensional thin layer chromatographic procedures with autoradiography and are quantitated by scintillation counting. This high sensitivity approach, which is about 100 times more sensitive than conventional automated Edman procedures, has allowed continuous amino acid assignments for 15 or more cycles on quantities of protein less than 5 nmol. It has been employed in the NH2-terminal sequence analysis of several proteins whose sequences were previously undetermined. PMID- 1126930 TI - Asymmetry in human erythrocyte sugar transport. PMID- 1126931 TI - The effect of adenosine triphosphate on the tricarboxylate transporting system of rat liver mitochondria. AB - ATP has two significant effects on the mitochondrial tricarboxylate transporting system. First, it alters the concentration gradients at equilibrium for the substrates of this transporter. ATP (2MM) caused the uptake of 10 nmol of citrate into the mitochondria coincident with the output of a similar amount of L-malate. This redistribution was dependent on ATP transport, the effect being inhibited by atractyloside and mimicked by the nonmetabolizable derivative adenylyl imidodiphosphate. A mechanism to account for these observations is proposed. Secondly, preincubation of mitochondria with ATP resulted in a 2- to 3-fold increase in the K-m of the mitochondrial citrate transporter. This effect of ATP was not produced by ADP and P-i, nor by N, N, N1, N1-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine and ascorbate. It was prevented by the addition of rotenone and antimycin A. This effect of ATP was observed in the presence of oligomycin and could not be attributed to a change in the content of the known tricarboxylate carrier inhibitor, palmitoyl-CoA, nor to the ATP concentration. The origin of possible regulatory factor (or factors) is discussed. PMID- 1126932 TI - Identification of a chloroplast ribosomal protein altered by a chloroplast mutation in Chlamydomonas. AB - Direct evidence is presented that a chloroplast gene mutation in Chlamydomonas reinhardi alters one of the chloroplast ribosomal proteins. Proteins of 30 S subunits of chloroplast ribosomes from mutant strains, carrying maternally inherited antibiotic resistances, were compared with those from the wild type strain by CM-cellulose column chromatography and gel electrophoresis. When 30 S ribosomal proteins from a [3H]arginine-labeled streptomycin-resistant strain and a [14C]arginine-labeled wild type strain, or vice versa, were cochromatographed on a CM-cellulose column, one peak (Peak 17) was absent from the mutant profile. Instead, a pronounced peak was observed to elute at a slightly lower ionic strength than Peak 17 in the region of Peak 16. The molecular weights in both Peak 16 and Peak 17 regions determined by discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were indistinguishable, approximately 18,000. Thus, a chloroplast gene mutation to streptomycin resistance has altered the chromatographic behavior of a chloroplast ribosomal protein of the 30 S subunit. We interpret the additional protein in the mutant eluting at Peak 16 as most likely the mutationally altered form of the Peak 17 protein. PMID- 1126933 TI - Size of the polyadenylic acid region of newly synthesized globin messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - The size of the polyadenylic acid region of newly synthesized globin mRNA was determined on mRNA isolated from nucleated erythroid spleen cells of anemic mice. The globin mRNA was purified by a combination of affinity chromatography on oligodeoxythymidylate-cellulose (oligo-(dT)-cellulose) and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The purified RNA was shown to be globin mRNA by virtue of its ability to direct the synthesis of mouse alpha- and beta-globin chains in a cell-free system and by the presence of two bands migrating identically with authentic mouse alpha- and beta-globin mRNA when subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of formamide. When labeled for 1 hour with [3H]adenosine, the newly synthesized radioactive mRNA also migrated as two bands in these gels but they moved slower than the main bands suggesting that they have higher molecular weights. The polyadenylic acid region of the mRNA was isolated from the T1 and pancreatic RNase digestion mixture by acrylamide sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The polyadenylic acid region was found to contain approximately 150 adenylate residues. As it is known that globin mRNA isolated from reticulocytes contains only 40 to 60 residues, it follows that at least 150 adenylic acid residues are added to the globin mRNA soon after its synthesis and that some of these are removed during the subsequent maturation of the erythroid cell. PMID- 1126934 TI - Activity of wheat seedling nuclease toward single-stranded nucleic acids. AB - Procedures have been developed for the facile preparation of wheat seedling nuclease in highly purified form. The preparation appears to be homogeneous by many physical criteria; however, analytical gel electrophoresis reveals 12 protein bands, only one of which is catalytically active. It is suggested that most of the inactive species are artifacts formed from active enzyme by processes which increase the negative charge of the protein. The enzyme rapidly catalyzes the hydrolysis of denatured DNA and RNA to acid-soluble products and also of the 3'-phosphomonoester linkage of a variety of 3'-mononucleotides. The enzyme has very little, if any, activity toward native DNA with respect to the production of acid-soluble substances; however, athe succeeding paper demonstrates that native DNA is cleaved at a few specific loci to yield large duplex DNA fragments. The nuclease has been characterized as having endonucleolytic activity towards denatured DNA and primarily exonucleolytic activity towards RNA. The mononucleotides produced under the influence of the enzyme bear 5' phosphomonoester groups. Various lines of evidence indicate a relatively high preference of the enzyme for the hydrolysis primarily of 3'-phosphoester linkages of adenylic acid units and secondarily of thymidylic or uridylic acid units in DNA and in ribohomopolymers, respectively. Corresponding linkages involving cytidylic acid and especially guanylic acid are relatively resistant. The 3' nucleotidase activity of the enzyme at pH 5.0 towards the various mononucleotides fits the same pattern; i.e. nucleotides containing adenine are hydrolyzed most rapidly, followed in decreasing order by those containing thymine or uracil, cytosine, and guanine. PMID- 1126935 TI - The structure of arthropod and mollusc hemocyanins. AB - The hemocyanins from molluscs and from arthropods differ in the size of their polypeptide chains. A variety of physical techniques including sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and column chromatography in sodium dodecyl sulfate and guanidine HCl indicate that the polypeptide chain of mollusc hemocyanin has a molecular weight of 290,000. These results were corroborated by quantitative end group analyses. Several experiments designed to count the number of tryptophan and methionine-containing peptides in the hemocyanin from the whelk Busycon canaliculatum indicate that sequence homology within the polypeptide chain of the mollusc hemocyanins accounts for their large size. Digestion of the native protein with subtilisin produces a 50,000-dalton fragment in high yield which corresponds to one binding site for oxygen. On the other hand, the polypeptide chain molecular weight of lobster hemocyanin is 76,000 to 78,000 and this seems to be a general property of all arthropod hemocyanins. The pigment from lobster consists of two very similar polypeptide chains which are not present in equal amount. Analysis of the cysteine-containing and of the tryptophan-containing tryptic peptides confirms the value of the molecular weight. However, separation of fragments which contain methionine indicates that there is sequence homology withing the polypeptide chain of this protein. It is concluded that the mollusc and arthropod hemocyanins have little structural similarity. PMID- 1126936 TI - Metabolism of resorcinylic compounds by bacteria. Purification and properties of orcinol hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida 01. AB - Orcinol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.6), which catalyzes the first reaction of orcinol catabolism in Pseudomonas putida 01, has been purified to homogeneity, and crystallized. Orcinol hydroxylase catalyzes the hydroxylation of orcinol with equimolar consumption of O2 and NADH (or NADPH) to 2, 3, 5-trihydroxytoluene, which is nonenzymically oxidized to a quinone. The visible absorption spectrum of the enzyme shows maxima at 373 and 454 nm and a shoulder at 480 nm. FAD can be dissociated from the protein. Reconstitution of enzymic activity was achieved with FAD, and to a limited extent by FMN. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 63,000 to 68,000 and contains 1 mol of FAD per mol of protein. K-m values for the three substrates orcinol, NADH, and O2 are 0.03, 0.13, and 0.07mM, RESPECTIVELY. The molecular activity of the crystalline enzyme is 1560 min minus 1. In the absence of orcinol, NADH is only slowly oxidized with formation of H2O2. Several analogs of orcinol also serve as substrates for hydroxylation, namely resorcinol, 4-methylresorcinol, and 4-bromoresorcinol. Other analogs, m-cresol, m ethylphenol, 4-ethylresorcinol, and phloroglucinol, mimic orcinol as effectors, in that they (a) accelerate electron flow from NADH to the flavin and (b) decrease the apparent K-m for NADH but not to the same extent as the substrates that are hydroxylated. The latter compounds are not hydroxylated. Instead H2O2 accumulates as the only product of O2 reduction. The enzyme therefore behaves either as a hydroxylase or an oxidase. The ratio of hydroxylase to oxidase activities of the enzyme is decreased by an increase in the temperature of incubation; at 60 degrees the reaction with orcinol is almost 50% uncoupled from hydroxylation. The apparent K-m values for the effectors are in good agreement with the D-D values obtained for orcinol, resorcinol, and m-cresol. K-D values were obtained by measurement of the effector-induced perturbations of the visible absorption spectrum of the flavoprotein by difference absorption spectroscopy. The circular dichroism spectrum of orcinol hydroxylase is also altered in the presence of orcinol. The participation of the flavin in the over-all reaction is demonstrated by its rapid reduction under anaerobic conditions by NADH in the presence or orcinol, resorcinol, or m-cresol. Subsequent introduction of oxygen restores the oxidized form and yields H2O2 when m-cresol is the effector, but not when orcinol is the effector. Transfer of reducing equivalents from the reduced flavoprotein to free FAD may also occur. Reduction of orcinol hydroxylase by NADH in the absence of an effector is 10-4-fold slower than in the presence of an effector. The minimal structural requirements for effectors appear to be a 1,3 dihydroxy or 1-alkyl-3-hydorxybenzene, but only the former are substrates for hydroxylation. PMID- 1126937 TI - Mechanism of immunoglobulin A polymerization. AB - Employing mercaptoethylamine as a reducing agent, it was demonstrated by analytical ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that polymeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) was reduced to a 10 S dimer and 7 S monomer, and that dimer IgA was more resistant to reductive cleavage than the higher polymers. When dimer and monomer IgA were subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in 8 M urea or chromatographed on Bio-Gel P-200 equilibrated in 4 M guanidine HCl, there was no dissociations into H, L, or J chains, suggesting that the interchain disulfide bridges between H--H, L--H, and H--J were intact and that mercaptoethylamine produced selective cleavage of intersubunit bonds. Only the dimer, with a sedimentation coefficient of 10.2 S, released J chain upon reduction with dithiothreitol. Polymers of IgA were reduced with mercaptoethylamine and subsequently alkylated with [14C]-iodoacetamide and the dimer and monomer isolated. The results demonstrated that the isolated dimer contained 2 mol of [14C]labeled S carboxyamidomethylcysteine per mol of dimer, while the monomer contained 1 mol of --SH per mol of monomer. The labeled dimer was then completely reduced with dithiothreitol and alkylated with [14C]iodoacetamide and J chain isolated. It was shown that the J chain contained no 14C-labeled sulfhydryl groups, while the monomer contained 1 mol of --SH per mol of monomer. These results suggest that J chain is disulfide-bonded to only two of the subunits of polymeric IgA and that the remaining subunits in the higher polymers are disulfide-bonded one to the other. This is similar to the model previously suggested for 19 S immunoglobulin M (IgM). The sulfhydryl data also suggests that polymeric IgA may not be a covalently bonded circular structure as has been shown for IgM. However, no conclusions can be made from this study regarding the structure of pentameric IgA, since this species was present in very small amounts in our polymer preparation. PMID- 1126938 TI - Purification and properties of homoserine transacetylase from Bacillus polymyxa. AB - Homoserine transacetylase (EC 2.3.1.31), the first enzyme of methionine biosynthesis, has been purified to near homogeneity from extracts of a methionine auxotroph of Bacillus polymyxa. The enzyme is subject to rapid irreversible inactivation. Its half-life at 0 degrees is 15 min and much less at higher temperatures, but ethylene glycol affords some protection. In addition, Zn2+ reversibly inhibits the enzyme with a K-I of 3 muM. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 40,000 and consists of a single polypeptide chain. Besides catalyzing the acetyl transfer from acetyl-CoA to L-homoserine, homoserine transacetylase promotes a homoserine-O-acetylhomoserine exchange reaction in the absence of CoA, suggesting the formation of an acetyl-enzyme intermediate. The results of kinetic studies are consistent with a ping-pong mechanism. Homoserine transacetylase is subject to multivalent feedback inhibition by L-methionine and S-adenosylmethionine. Analysis of the inhibition data and specificity studies suggest that the inhibitors bind to separate sites on the enzyme which are distinct from the active site. Inhibition is competitive with respect to both substrates, and the saturation curves for the inhibitors, as well as substrate saturation curves in the absence or presence of the inhibitors, are hyperbolic. The absence of cooperativity is, in fact, a property which would be expected in a monomeric allosteric enzyme such as homoserine transacetylase. PMID- 1126939 TI - Regulation of homoserine transacetylase in whole cells of Bacillus polymyxa. AB - The levels of homoserine transacetylase (EC 2.3.1.31) in Bacillus polymyxa grown in minimal medium can vary over a 40-fold range, depending on whether methionine limits growth or is present in excess. This suggests that the synthesis of the enzyme is under control by methionine or one of its metabolites. The stability of homoserine transacetylase in growing cells was measured after repression of further synthesis by the addition of methionine. At 30 degrees, the enzyme was stable for 2 hours, whereas at 37 degrees it decayed with a half-life of 40 min. This contrasts with the striking instability in cell-free extracts described in the preceding paper (Wyman, A., and Paulus, H. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3897 3903). The properties of homoserine transacetylase were also studied in cells of B. polymyxa that had been made permeable to small molecules by treatment with toluene. They differed in two important respects from those of the enzyme in cell free extracts described in the preceding paper: the enzyme was relatively stable, with a half-life of 15 min at 37 degrees, and responded in a sigmoid manner to increasing concentrations of the inhibitors L-methionine and S adenosylmethionine. These observations suggest that homoserine transacetylase is an oligomeric protein within the bacterial cell but dissociates into monomers in cell-free extracts. When B. polymyxa was transferred at 39 degrees from a rich medium to one without amino acids, growth resumed only very slowly. The growth lag after shift-down was not observed at 37 degrees or in the presence of methionine or cystathionine. This phenomenon appears to be due to a need for derepression of homoserine transacetylase upon shift-down which is thwarted at 39 degrees by the rapid thermal inactivation of the enzyme. A possible physiological function of the striking thermolability of the first enzyme in methionine biosynthesis is discussed. PMID- 1126940 TI - Poly(8-bromoadenylic acid): synthesis and characterization of an all-syn polynucleotide. AB - Poly(8-bromoadenylic acid) (poly(8-BrA)) has been synthesized by polymerization of 8-BrADP with polynucleotide phosphorylase in the presence of oligonucleotide primers. In the absence of oligonucleotides, significant (i.e. more than 1%) polymerization does not occur. Oligo(I) primer was removed selectively from the polymer with ribonuclease T1 to yield the homopolymer, poly(8-BrA). End group analysis, based on quantitative infrared measurement of the (Ip)3I-primed polymer, indicates an average degree of polymerization of about 70 residues. The primed polymers and the homopolymer appear to have similar helical structures, probably double-stranded with mutual hydrogen bonding interaction of BrA residues. Preliminary NMR observations of poly(8-BrA) with a tetrainosinic acid primer at the 5' ends of the polymer chain ((Ip)3I-(8-BrA)n) are consistent with the existence of a rigid helical structure below the melting range of the primed polymer. Above the melting range (81 degrees) the H1' coupling constants of (Ip)3I-(8-BrA)n and of polyadenylic acid (poly(A)) suggest a significantly higher population of C3' endo conformation of ribose residues in the primed polymer than in poly(A) at 81 degrees. PMID- 1126941 TI - Metabolism of glucosyl [13H]ceramide by human skin fibroblasts from normal and glucosylceramidotic subjects. AB - Metabolic utilization of glucosyl [3H]ceramide (glucocerebroside) by human skin fibroblasts from normal and glucosylceramidotic subjects was examined in cell culture. Exogenous glucosyl [3H]ceramide in the culture medium did not influence activity of "acid" beta glucosidase in either cell type. Expectedly in the lipidotic cells, the enzymatic activity was markedly (similar to 20-fold) lower. Normal cells were found preferentially to utilize exogenous tritium-labeled glucosylceramide for a source of precursors for phopholipid biosynthesis. The fatty acid and the sphingosine components of sphingomyelin, and the fatty acid components of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, but not phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, were tritium-labeled. In contrast, glucosylceramidotic cells utilized labeled glucosylceramide far more for synthesis of lactosylceramide (lactocerebroside) and also higher neutral glycosphingolipid homologues. These experimental findings suggest that glucosyl [3H]ceramide is hydrolyzed in normal skin fibroblasts to [3H]ceramide and further to [3H]dihydrosphingosine and 3H-labeled fatty acids. These compounds are subsequently incorporated into cellular phospholipids. Flux of glucosyl [3H]ceramide through this catabolic sequence and reincorporation of its breakdown products into phospholipids predominates in normal skin fibroblasts. In contrast, it is greatly reduced in glucosylceramidotic skin fibroblasts. Consequently, a greater amount of glucosyl [3H]ceramide remains intact for the synthesis of more highly glycosylated glycosphingolipids in the latter cells. PMID- 1126942 TI - Cholesterol ester formation in cultured human fibroblasts. Stimulation by oxygenated sterols. AB - Incubation of monolayers of cultured human fibroblasts with oxygenated sterols (25-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, or 6-ketocholestanol) markedly enhanced the rate at which the cells esterified their endogenous cholesterol and produced an increase in the cellular content of cholesterol esters. The enhanced esterification capacity was associated with an increase in the activity of a membrane-bound fatty acyl-CoA:cholesteryl acyltransferase. Incubation of cells for 5 hours with 5 mug/ml of 25-hydroxycholesterol produced an 8-fold increase in the specific activity of this enzyme when assayed in cell-free extracts. Since the oxygenated sterols that elevated the activity of fatty acyl-CoA:cholesteryl acyl-transferase also suppressed the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the data suggest that the processes of cholesterol ester formation and cholesterol synthesis in human fibroblasts are regulated in a reciprocal manner by coordinate changes in the activities of these two membrane bound enzymes. PMID- 1126943 TI - Determination of dissociation constants and specific rate constants of enzyme substrate (or protein-ligand) interactions from rapid reaction kinetic data. PMID- 1126944 TI - The functional significance of vitamin K action. Difference in phospholipid binding between normal and abnormal prothrombin. AB - In comparison to normal prothrombin, the abnormal prothrombin produced in response to vitamin K antagonists has been found to bind much less tightly, if at all, to phospholipid surfaces. As a consequence, the activation of abnormal prothrombin by Factor Xa and Ca2+ is not accelerated by the addition of phospholipid to the mixture while the activation of normal prothrombin under these conditions is greatly accelerated by phospholipid addition. In the absence of phospholipid, however, the rate of activation of abnormal prothrombin by Factor Xa and Ca2+ in both the presence and absence of Factor Va is indistinguishable from that of normal prothrombin. The distribution of the partial proteolysis products during activation by Factors Xa, Va, and Ca2+ also appears to be the same for both prothrombins. These observations provide an explanation for the function in prothrombin activation of the gamma carboxyglutamate residues formed in the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of prothrombin. PMID- 1126945 TI - The kinetic characteristics of inhibition of hepatic cholesterogenesis by lipoproteins of intestinal origin. AB - In these studies intestinal lipoproteins were injected intravenously into recipient rats in order to study the kinetic characteristics of cholesterol uptake by the liver cell and inhibition of the cholesterol synthetic pathway. Net cholesterol uptake from circulating intestinal lipoproteins took place only in the liver, and only this tissue manifested inhibition of cholesterol syntheses. Cholesterol uptake by the liver, quantified by a rise in the cholesterol ester content, was a linear function of time and of the amount of lipoprotein cholesterol administered to the animals. Using groups of rats that were either fed cholesterol or injected intravenously with intestinal lipoproteins as a bolus or as a continuous infusion, there was generally a correlation between inhibition of the rate of cholesterol synthesis and the cholesterol ester content of the liver. However, there was no consistent quantitative relationship between these two variables suggesting either that cholesterol ester was not the immediate effector of the inhibition or, alternatively, that there was intracellular localization of the effector at the site of control of the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterogenic pathway. PMID- 1126946 TI - Tryptophan hydroxylase. Purification and some properties of the enzyme from rabbit hindbrain. AB - Tryptophan hydroxylase from rabbit hindbrain has been extensively purified. It is estimated that the enzyme is between 85 and 90% pure and has a molecular weight of 230, 000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis shows that the enzyme is composed of two subunits very close in molecular weight (57, 500 and 60, 900). The substrate specificity and the reaction stoichiometry catalyzed by the enzyme in the presence of 6, 7-dimethyltetrahydropterin, 6-methyltetrahydropterin, and tetrahydrobiopterin have been determined. The effect of some natural occurring phospholipids on the purified enzyme was investigated. PMID- 1126947 TI - Biologic and physical properties of succinylated and glycosylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase. AB - Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase was chemically modified by succinylation and glycosylation with glycopeptides from human fibrin and gamma-globulin. These modifications markedly prolonged the half-lives of the enzyme in mice, rats, and rabbits. The plasma half-life in mice increased with decreasing isoelectric point. Glycosylation caused greater prolongation in rodents than succinylation. The kinetic properties of the modified enzymes were unchanged. Succinylation protected the enzyme from trypsin digestion. Glycosylated preparations had less heat inactivation than native and succinylated enzyme. Sedimentation equilibrium studies on a succinylated preparation showed reversible dissociation to a dimer (71, 400 g/mol) with an association constant of 1.3 times 10-6 liters/mol. This dissociation was identical with native enzyme, except for a 3% increase in molecular weight due to succinate groups. Sedimentation equilibrium studies on glycosylated preparations showed mixtures of molecular weight from 60, 000 to over 180, 000. Gel filtration and active enzyme sedimentation showed active polymers, but no active species smaller than tetramer. PMID- 1126948 TI - Cobalt stimulation of heme degradation in the liver. Dissociation of microsomal oxidation of heme from cytochrome P-450. AB - The administration of cobalt to rats caused a marked increase in the oxidative degradation of heme (hematin, iron protoporphyrin-IX) BY HEPATIC MICROSOMAL ENZYMES. The onset of this enzyme stimulation was very rapid, beginning within 2 hours after injection of the metal and reaching its maximum in 16 to 24 hours. During the rapid phase of stimulation, i.e. the first 2 to 4 hours, when heme oxidation was 450% above control values, there was a significant decrease in microsomal oxidative N-demethylation activity and in microsomal oxidative Ndemethylation activity and in microsomal content of heme with an insignificant decrease in cytochrome P-450 content. Within 24 hours the oxidative activity of the microsomal electron transport chain for drugs was decreased to about 30% of the control. However, during the same period the oxidation of heme approached levels 800% above control. During this period there was a further decrease in the microsomal content of heme with a significant decrease in cytochrome P-450 content and an increase in the activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase. The activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase reached its maximum within 8 hours after cobalt treatment. Repeated injections (at 24-hour intervals) of cobalt were necessary to maintain these changes in microsomal enzyme activities since, after single injections of the metal, these parameters returned to normal within 72 hours. The inducing effect of cobalt on the oxidation of heme could be inhibited by the administration of actinomycin D and puromycin. Furthermore, this stimulatory effect could not be elicited by in vitro treatment of microsomes with cobalt nor could the effect be attributed to any soluble components of the cytoplasm. Cobalt protoporphyrin-IX was less effective than cobalt chloride in stimulating heme oxidation. 3-Amino-1, 2, 4-triazole did not enhance hepatic heme oxidation activity, while allylisopropylacetamide decreased this activity. The oxidative degradation of heme was found not to be cytochrome P-450 dependent since the highly increased levels of heme oxidation in microsomes from cobalt treated animals could be retained despite the fact that the cytochrome P-450 content of such microsomes was decreased to spectrally undetectable amounts and drug oxidation was eliminated by treatment of the microsomes with 4 M urea. These findings exclude an obligatory role for cytochrome P-450 in the oxidation of heme compounds, although the possibility that this process is a heme-dependent oxidation is not ruled out. PMID- 1126949 TI - The hepatic adenylate cyclase system. I. Evidence for transition states and structural requirements for guanine nucloetide activiation. AB - Previous studies have shown that guanine nucleotides, acting at a site termed nucleotide regulatory site, are required for activation of hepatic adenylate cyclase and that glucagon facilitates this process. This study shows that only guanine nucleotides containing triphosphate groups at the 5' position of ribose (or 3'-deoxyribose) are capable of activating the enzyme. The terminal phosphate is not utilized in the activation process since 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p and 5'-guanylyl methylenediphosphonate, analogues of GTP that are not utilized in transferase or hydrolase reactions, stimulate enzyme activity. The nucleotides bind in their free form at the regulatory site; chelation by magnesium ion shifts the apparent concentration dependence for activation by Gpp(nh)p. GDP inhibits competitively Gpp(NH)p-stimulated activity and inhibits basal activity and activities stimulated by glucagon. Activation of the enzyme by Gpp(NH)p is a slow process; the length of the lag time increases as an inverse function of nucleotide concentration and is as long as 4 min before onset of increased enzyme activity. Following pretreatment with Gpp(NH)p and extensive washing of hepatic membranes, the enzyme displays immediate increases in activity with rates that are a function of the nucleotide concentration during pretreatment; the rates remain constant for at least 6 min despite the absence of Gpp(NH)p in the medium. Studies with labeled Gpp(NH)p show that the intact nucleotide remains firmly bound to the membranes after extensive washing, suggesting that the persistence of adenylate cyclase activity may be related to slow dissociation of the nucleotide from the regulatory site. Addition of 1 nM glucagon, a submaximal concentration, does not abolish the lag phase of Gpp(NH)p activation even at saturating concentration of the nucleotide (1 muM or higher). The maximal steady state rate is achieved under these conditions. Addition of 2 muM glucagon, a saturating hormone concentration, does not alter the steady state rate but abolishes the lag phase of Gpp(NH)p activation. The transient kinetics of Gpp(NH)p activation and the effects of glucagon thereon are discussed in terms of a three state model in which the guanine nucleotide induces the formation of an intermediate transition state that displays no increase in enzyme activity over the basal state and which slowly isomerizes to a high activity state of the adenylate cyclase system; glucagon acts by accelerating the rate of isomerization. PMID- 1126950 TI - The hepatic adenylate cyclase system. III. A mathematical model for the steady state kinetics of catalysis and nucleotide regulation. AB - This paper presents a steady state kinetic model for hepatic adenylate cyclase. The activity of the enzyme has been assayed in the presence of a range of concentrations of magnesium, adenylylimidodiphosphate (App(NH)p), 5' guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), and in the presence and absence of saturating concentrations of glucagon. The data were tested against proposed models using an iterative least squares curve fitting program (SAAM25) and confidence estimates for the model parameters were obtained. Hepatic adenylate cyclase is viewed as an enzyme having three characteristic states of catalytic function (E, E', E''). Each state has its own intrinsic activity in carrying out the catalysis of MgApp(NH)p-3 minus to form cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. It is shown, in agreement with a proposal by de Haen, that unchelated substrate can inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. It is further concluded that this inhibition is principally due to App(NH)pH-3 minus. The three catalytic states differ markedly in their susceptibility to inhibition as well as in their Vmax, but the Km for MgApp(NH)p-2 minus is essentially the same for all states. The state transitions induced by Gpp(NH)p and by hormone are considered. Gpp(NH)p binding to state E causes transformation to state E'. State E' undergoes spontaneous transformation to state E''. Glucagon augments the transition from E' to E''. We conclude that the activating species of Gpp(NH)p is an unchelated form, most probably Gpp(NH)p-4 minus. Our results indicate that state E' is significantly more susceptible to inhibition by App(NH)pH-3 minus than the other two states. Certain phenomena occurring in fat cell adenylate cyclase are discussed in light of our findings in hepatic adenylate cyclase. PMID- 1126951 TI - The partial amino acid sequence of trypsin inhibitor II from garden bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, with location of the trypsin and elastase-reactive sites. AB - The amino acid sequences of garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) trypsin inhibitor II and a related molecular species II' have been examined. The entire sequence of II' has been determined with the exception of five internal residues. The garden bean inhibitors are highly homologous to the Bowman-Birk soybean inhibitor and lima bean trypsin inhibitor IV. The trypsin-reactive site has been located in the second half of the molecule, while the first reactive site has been found to be directed against elastase. Garden bean inhibitor II (and II') is thus a double headed inhibitor, simultaneously inhibiting 1 molecule of trypsin and 1 of elastase. PMID- 1126952 TI - Characterization of the binding of 125-I-labeled epidermal growth factor to human fibroblasts. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was labeled with 125-I by a lactoperoxidase technique. The unlabeled, monoiodinated and diiodinated species were separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and found to possess equivalent biological activities. The binding of monoiodinated epidermal growth factor to human fibroblasts was specific in that unrelated polypeptides did not affect the binding reaction. The binding reaction was a saturable process and was time- and temperature-dependent. A Scatchard analysis of the binding data indicated that each cell was capable of binding approximately 100, 000 molecules of 125-I-EGF. The apparent dissociation constant for the binding reaction was calculated to be 2.7 to 4.3 times 10-minus 10 M. Subsequent to the binding of 125-I-EGF to the fibroblasts, the growth factor was degraded by a cell-mediated proteolysis and [125-I]monoiodotyrosine appeared in the medium. The extent of degradation was reduced by the protease inhibitors, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone and the benzyl ester of guanidobenzoic acid. Active binding sites of 125-I-egf appeared to be present in some but not all cell types. These results demonstrated that cells derived from a number of species (human, mouse, rat, and chick) possessed receptors that interacted with this mouse-derived growth factor. PMID- 1126953 TI - Purification of yeast alpha-isopropylmalate isomerase. High ionic strength hydrophobic chromatography. AB - alpha-Isopropylmalate isomerase, the second enzyme specific for leucine biosynthesis, can be purified from extracts of yeast utilizing a chromatographic procedure that allows separation of proteins in the presence of high concentrations of (NH4)2SO4. The purification procedure utilizes the stabilizing effect of glycerol and (NH4)2SO4 on the isomerase and their opposing effects on protein retention on valine-Sepharose and leucine-Sepharose. The method effectively separates the isomerase from fumarase, a stable internal marker protein that was co-purified in early steps. High ionic strength hydrophobic chromatography, based on differential retention as a function of the length of the hydrophobic sidearm and ionic strength, yields approximately 200-fold purified alpha-isopropylmalate isomerase and may be of general utility in purifying unstable enzymes requiring high ionic strength. PMID- 1126954 TI - Proteolytic digestion of the micellar complex of f1 coat protein and deoxycholate. AB - The major coat protein of bacteriophage f1 radioactively labeled with specific amino acids was solubilized with deoxycholate and digested with trypsin or alpha chymotrypsin. The degree of proteolysis of the coat protein was assayed by gel filtration chromatography of the digest in the presence of deoxycholate. Hydrolysis occurred at residues in the hydrophilic termini of the coat, releasing peptides containing proline, lysine, and phenylalanine. No cleavage occurred at the tyrosine or methionine residues in the hydrophobic core. However, chymotrypsin could cleave somewhat at these residues in the absence of deoxycholate. A model for the topography of the micellar complex of coat protein and deoxycholate is presented in which the hydrophobic sequence of the coat is bound to deoxycholate within a micelle, while the hydrophilic termini of the coat project from the micelle. PMID- 1126955 TI - UDPGlucose 4-epimerase from Saccharomyces fragilis. Allosteric kinetics with UDP glucose as substrate. AB - UDPglucose 4-epimerase from Saccharomyces fragilis catalyzes a freely reversible reaction between UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose. With UDP-galactose as the substrate the enzyme shows a classical hyperbolic kinetics but when UDP-glucose is used as the substrate a distinct allostericity is observed. As a consequence, at low concentrations of UDP-glucose, the enzyme fails to establish the equilibrium at a significant rate. Glucose 6-phosphate acts as a strong activator for the enzyme with low concentrations of UDP-glucose as the substrate. In view of these rather unusual kinetic data for an enzyme catalyzing a freely reversible reaction, UDPglucose 4-epimerase may play a regulatory role in controlling the flux of galactose metabolism. PMID- 1126956 TI - Repeated estimations of an immunological response curve. PMID- 1126957 TI - The effect of a human interferon preparation on vaccine-induced rubella infection. PMID- 1126958 TI - W. H. O. and I. A. B. S. joint symposium on standardization and control of allergens administered to man. Geneva, 17-19 July 1974. PMID- 1126959 TI - Report on the joint I. U. I. S.-W. H. O. workshop, "standardization of allergens" held at the Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, on July 1974. PMID- 1126960 TI - Relationship between the H and N antigens of A/Hong Kong/68 and Q/England/42/72 influenza viruses as determined in naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. PMID- 1126961 TI - Immune response in volunteers to intranasal inoculation with freeze-dried influenza Q/Hong Kong/68 vaccine. PMID- 1126962 TI - Note on a test of significnce for the difference between two proportions. PMID- 1126963 TI - [Determination of residual humidity in lyophilized vaccines by gas chromatography]. PMID- 1126964 TI - Rapid screening of tissue culture cells for mycoplasmal contaminants. PMID- 1126965 TI - Determination of the histamine sensitizing unitage of pertussis vaccine. PMID- 1126966 TI - Persistence of measles antibody after immunization. PMID- 1126967 TI - Serological evaluation of measles virus (Schwarz strain), mumps virus (Jeryl Lynn strain) and rubella virus (Cendehill strain) combination vaccines. PMID- 1126968 TI - Sensitizing aspects of preservatives. PMID- 1126969 TI - Trabecular architecture of the human patella. PMID- 1126970 TI - A dynamic model of a healing fractured long bone. PMID- 1126971 TI - The dynamic fracture and prefracture response of compact bone by split Hopkinson bar methods. PMID- 1126972 TI - Flow in an abrupt expansion as a model for biological mass transfer experiments. PMID- 1126973 TI - Effect of irradiation on acrylic cement with special reference to fixation of pathological fractures. PMID- 1126974 TI - Two-dimensional finite amplitude theory of arterial blood flow. PMID- 1126975 TI - A model of brain shear under impulsive torsional loads. PMID- 1126976 TI - The pressure measurement in the ulnar nerve. A contribution to the pathophysiology of the cubital tunnel syndrome. PMID- 1126977 TI - The effects of strain rate, reconstruction and mineral content on some mechanical properties of bovine bone. PMID- 1126978 TI - Letter: In vivo tendon tension and bone strain measurement and correlation. PMID- 1126979 TI - A combined left ventricular systemic arterial model. PMID- 1126980 TI - Early systemic hypertension after surgical closure of atrial septal defect. AB - The systemic haemodynamic changes occurring in the immediate post-operative period were examined in a series of patients undergoing closure of atrial septal defect (A.S.D.) and in a consecutive series of all patients undergoing open-heart surgery in this Unit. Significant systemic hypertension was observed in 47.5% of patients in the A.S.D. series. In an attempt to explain this finding, several other haemodynamic variables were examined in relation to the systemic blood pressure. There was no correlation between central venous pressure or blood loss and systemic blood pressure. However, there was an inverse correlation between blood balance and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 4 hours after operation. The explantation of this finding is unclear but it may be due to the effects on atrial receptors of lower right atrial and pulmonary artery pressures following closure of the A.S.D. Although the post-operative systemic hypertension was transient in most cases, it may produce adverse effects in the early post operative period and therefore treatment with hypotensive agents should be considered in severe cases. PMID- 1126981 TI - Congenital tricuspid valvular stenosis. PMID- 1126982 TI - Rupture of the heart due to non-penetrating chest trauma. PMID- 1126983 TI - Surgical correction of renovascular hypertension in children. PMID- 1126984 TI - Considerations on occlusive diseases of the leg arteries and determination of muscle blood flow by Xe-133 clearance method. AB - Muscle blood flow in the anterior tibial and gastrocnemius muscles of 40 limbs with thromboangitis obliterans with occlusions only in the leg arteries was measured by Xe-133 non-ischemic work method. All cases with complete occlusion at the origin of the anterior tibial artery had remarkably abnormal curves in the anterior tibial muscle. All cases, except one, with occlusion of the posterior tibial artery at its origin or at the origin of the peroneal artery had moderate abnormal clearance curves in the gastrocnemius muscle. Even if the peroneal artery was completely occluded the clearance curve in the gastrocnemius muscle was normal. In producing intermittent claudication in the calf without occlusion proximally to the popliteal artery, the sural arteries, the posterior tibial artery and the muscle nutritive arteries are very important. PMID- 1126985 TI - The veins of the foot. Surgical anatomy and its relation to disorders of the venous return from the foot. PMID- 1126986 TI - The venographic pattern of the foot. PMID- 1126987 TI - A clinico-radiological study of the "varicose foot". PMID- 1126988 TI - A clinico-radiological survey of deep venous thrombosis of the leg. AB - In a clinico-radiological survey of 150 cases of varicose veins of the leg, 44 had primary varicosities with no dermal complications; their venograms showed patency of the deep veins of the leg. In 106 cases presenting dermal complications, venographic evidence of deep venous occlusion was present. The dermal complications of varicosities are, therefore, always secondary to deep venous occlusion. Deep venous occlusion of the leg was confined to the lower 1/3 of the leg in 58% of the cases occurring as a complication of silent varices. In 15% it involved the upper 1/3. This lesion complicated trauma and surgical operations. In 5% thrombosis occurred in the muscular sinusoids as a complication of septicaemia. In 22%, deep venous occlusion in lower 1/3 of the leg extended to the middle and upper thirds with a corresponding ascending aggravation of the clinical picture. The underlying factors in the pathogenesis of dermal complications are discussed as well as the role of the lymphatics. The reported classification of deep venous occlusion of the leg may prove of value if a venographic study is not feasible. A review of the various types of treatment is presented in the light of these informations. PMID- 1126989 TI - Effect of athrombogenic therapy, especially high dose therapy of dipyridamole, after prosthetic valve replacement. AB - In order to prevent thrombo-embolism after prosthetic valve replacement, a high dose therapy with 450 mg/day of Dipyridamole and 3,000 mg/day of Aspirin was carried out for 1 year and 2 months in 91 cases (26 cases with aortic valve replacement, 40 cases with mitral valve replacement and 25 cases with multiple valve replacement). In the treated group, the incidence was 1.9% in cases more than 5 years after valve replacement and 2.9% in cases less than 5 years after valve replacement. In contrast, in the control group of 89 cases (47 cases of aortic valve replacement, 30 cases of mitral valve replacement and 12 cases of multiple valve replacement), the incidence was 9.1% and 14.7%, respectively. Thus, in both time intervals following prosthetic valve replacement the incidence of thrombo-embolism in the treated group was significantly lower than in the control group. PMID- 1126990 TI - Mitral insufficiency in an incomplete form of Marfan syndrome corrected with valve replacement. AB - A 14-year-old boy with an incomplete form of the Marfan syndrome developed an acute episode of severe congestive heart failure following exertion. The preoperative studies indicated a mitral insufficiency, and a floppy, thickened mitral valve was removed and replaced with a Starr-Edwards prosthesis. Microscopically, the valve showed increase in collagen with central myxomatous transformation. Seven months postoperatively the patient is doing well and has no symptoms of heart failure. PMID- 1126991 TI - Editorial: Is the green journal in agony? (A proposed remedy). An open letter to members of the International Cardiovascular Society from the European Chief Editor. PMID- 1126993 TI - Sensory changes following stripping of the long saphenous vein. PMID- 1126992 TI - Protein-losing enteropathy in lymphoedema. Surgical investigation and treatment. AB - Patients with primary lymphoedema have been tested for protein loss from the gut by the chromium chloride test. In a proportion of patients there is significant loss which may drop the plasma proteins thereby increasing oedema. Three patients were treated by abdominal exploration, mesenteric lymphography and resection of the worst affected length of gut. There was clinical and biochemical improvement and no complication. PMID- 1126994 TI - Improved techniques for lumbar aortography. AB - The use of a large volume technique (60-100 ml of contrast) for lumbar aortography is recommended for routine use in the investigation of peripheral arterial disease of the legs. With this method lesions are less likely to be missed and more information is obtained. Using the modern contrast media such as iothalamate, the complications due to contrast medium are not significantly greater than with the conventional volume technique. In Leriche syndrome, although the proximal end of the arterial occlusion can be demonstrated using conventional volume anortography, the distal end, and the arteries below the occlusion can usually only be shown by using a relatively large volume of contrast. Movement of a patient with a lumbar aortography needle in position is safe. Additional projections such as obliques to show the origins of the profunda femoris arteries or the arteries of the feet, can be taken if required. Complications due to stripping of the aortic wall are diminished if a blocked ended single side opening lumbar aortography needle is used. PMID- 1126995 TI - The long term behaviour of autogeneou vein by-pass grafts. AB - The results of the follow-up of 50 consecutive atuogeneous vein bypass grafts during 1958-65 are described. Arteriography was performed at regular intervals throughout the follow-up lasting from 8-15 years. 11 grafts failed in less than 2 years and were considered technical failures. Thereafter, of the 37 cases on whom arteriographic information is available, a further 5 grafts failed. Deterioration of the graft itself occurred in 19 percent, proximal anastomosis dilatation it 16 percent, and distal anastomosis narrowing in 25 percent. Improvement of flow to the lower leg vessels did not accelerate progression of the long saphenous vein at the time of operation is the limiting factor in longterm graft deterioration. The majority of grafts remained patient without degeneration for up to 15 years. PMID- 1126996 TI - The subclavian artery in 16 patients with complete cervical ribs. AB - In a series of 16 patients presenting with symptoms due to the presence of a complete cervical rib, 8 complained of neurological symptoms only and 8 presented with major vascular symptoms. There were 21 complete cervical ribs in this series, 5 patients having bilateral cervical ribs, and these were excised. At operation particular attention was paid to the anatomy and pathology of the subclavian artery in relation to the cervical rib. Two anatomical variants were present. In type A cervical rib (16 cases) the subclavian artery crossed the first rib medial to the exostosis and all patients with major vascular symptoms were in this category. In type B (5 cases) the subclavian artery crossed the first rib lateral to the exostosis and symptoms, when present, were neurological rather than vascular. The two groups can be distingushed clinically and this may be of prognostic value. Post-stenotic dilatation of the subclavian artery acompanied 15 of the 21 complete cervical ribs and was attributed to compression of the artery between the cervical rib and the anterior scalene muscle. In 8 instances the post-stenotic dilatation was complicated by aneurysm and peripheral thrombo-embolism and this was regarded as a secondary phenomenon due to intermittent trauma at cost-clavicular level. A follow-up of up to 9 years would indicate that post-stenotic dilatation of mild or moderate degree is adequately treated by resection of the cervical rib and exostosis on first rib. When an aneurysm is present with localised disruption of the arterial wall with mural thrombus, it is necessary also to excise the aneurysm for, otherwise, there is a risk of further thrombo-embolic episodes. PMID- 1126998 TI - Analysis of deep femoral artery hemodynamics and the effect of reconstruction. PMID- 1126997 TI - A successful reconstruction for coeliac artery aneurysm. PMID- 1126999 TI - A comparison of fasting serum lipid concentrations and lipoprotein patterns in patients with stenosing and dilating forms of peripheral arterial disease. PMID- 1127000 TI - The influence of haemoglobin concentration and platelet counts on the operative and early post-operative complications of arterial surgery. PMID- 1127001 TI - Relationship between age and success of arterial operations. PMID- 1127002 TI - Carotid endarterectomy. A review of 104 operations. AB - A follow-up of 104 carotid endarterectomies in 90 patients is presented. The operations were performed under general anaesthesia with controlled positive pressure ventilation and with peroperative EEG-registration. The patients have been divided into four groups: Group 1: Patients with no neurological symptoms. Group 2: Patients with transitory ischemic attacks (TIA). Group 3: Patients with neurological deficits. Group 4: Patients with cerebro-lesional symptoms. The specific neurological symptoms as well as the early surgical results and the results of the follow-up are presented. An evaluation of different kinds of X-ray examinations and of EEG-registration has been performed. PMID- 1127003 TI - Acute arterial occlusion and the contraceptive pill. AB - Two female patients in their thirties suffered peripheral arterial occlusion, in close association with the ingestion of the oral contraceptive pill. While current investigative technique cannot directly implicate the pill, it is felt that in the two patients presented it was an important aetiological factor, no co existing arterial pathology being detected. PMID- 1127004 TI - Nonspecific aorto-arteries. AB - In the USSR, like in other countries, aorto-arteritis is no rarity. Onehundred and twentysix patients with aorto-arteritis have been studied at the A.N. Bakulev Institute for Cardio-Vascular surgery during the past 13 years (81 women and 45 men from 8 to 49 years of age). Morphologic changes consisted in inflammatory infiltration of the adventitia and, to a lesser degree, of the media as well as in reactive hyperplasia of the intima. The predominant features in the chronic stage were those of sclerosis and fibrosis of the adventitia and the media which in combination with the intimal hyperplasia resulted in stenosis or occlusion of the aorta and its main branches. The clinical picture and symptpmatology depend largely on the localization, form, and severity of the lesions. In aorto arteritis ischemia of various organs and hypertension can be eliminated only by radical reconstructive surgery of the aorta and its branches. The most adequate restoration of the blood flow in the major vessels is provided by resection combined with replacement. It is not quite clear yet whether endarterectomy is possible and justified. Radical surgery was performed in 80 patients. In addition, different palliative and explorative operations were performed in 10 patients. The majority of patients had resection with replacement of the brachiocephalic arteries, descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, renal and visceral arteries. Blood flow in the major vessels was restored in 69 patients. Early postoperative thrombosis of the prosthesis occurred in 7 patients. Immediate postoperative mortality was 13.3 percent. Sixtytwo patients were followed up from 1 to 9 years after radical surgery. Persistent normalization or significant improvement of the systemic and regional hemodynamics was found in 53 patients. Late thrombosis of the aorto-renal branch or aorto-femoral prosthesis occurred in 4 patients. There were three late deaths. PMID- 1127005 TI - Recent evaluations on the treatment of lymphoedema. PMID- 1127006 TI - Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ribosomes and their activity in blood and culture form Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Ribosomes of Trypanosoma brucei, a parasitic, flagellated protozoan (order Kinetoplastida), were identified on sucrose density gradients by their radioactively labeled nascent peptides. Ultraviolet absorption revealed only cytoplasmic ribosomes which served as internal sedimentation markers. Synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes was completely inhibited by cycloheximide. In the presence of this antibiotic, nascent peptides were associated with ribosomes of lower sedimentation coefficient than the cytoplasmic ribosomes. Chloramphenicol blocked synthesis on these ribosomes which are probably the mitochondrial ribosomes. These ribosomes differed from the cytoplasmic ribosomes in several ways. Their sedimentation coefficient was about 72S rather than 84S. The stability of the 72S ribosomes was less sensitive to pancreatic ribonuclease and low Mg-++ concentrations, dissociating below 0.1 mM Mg++. The 72S ribosomes were more sensitive to elevated KCl concentrations, dissociation above 0.25 M. Protein synthetic activity associated with the 72S class of ribosomes was found in trypanosomes grown in rats. Under these conditions no cytochromes or fully active Krebs cycle is present in these cells and respiration is insensitive to cyanide. PMID- 1127007 TI - Methods for the freeze-fracturing of nerve tissue cultures and cell monolayers. AB - Two methods for freeze-cleaving of thin tissue layers are presented. Whereas a simple technique can be employed to fracture continuous, relatively firm tissue layers, a more sophisticated technique employing special carriers is needed to fracture very thin and incomplete layers, e.g., the fiber outgrowth of cultured nerve tissue or sparsely seeded isolated cells. Both methods basically consist of freezing the specimens sandwiched between two small metal carriers which are then fractured apart so that the cleavage plane runs through the tissue. In the resulting replicas of such thin specimens, large membrane areas are exposed, and new information is provided on the topography of membrane properties in entire cells or cell processes. The technique should also be useful for studies on the interactions of cells grown in culture. PMID- 1127008 TI - Effects of actinomycin D on the association of newly formed ribonucleoproteins with the cistrons of ribosomal RNA in Triturus oocytes. AB - The effect of actinomycin D(AMD) on the association of the nascent ribonucleo protein (RNP) fibrils containing the precursors of ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) with their template deoxyribonucleoprotein (rDNP) strands has been studied in lampbrush stage oocytes from Triturus alpestris. Ovary pieces were incubated in vitro either in media containing radioactive ribonucleosides and then, for various times, in solutions containing 25 mug/ml AMD, or were directly exposed to the drug. The ultrastructure of the nucleoli and the nuclear periphery was studied by electron microscopy of thin sections and positively stained spread preparations of isolated nuclear contents, and by light and electron microscope autoradiography. The fate of the labeled pre-rRNA was followed by gel electrophoresis of RNA extracted from manually isolated nuclei. Our results show that the growing fibrils which contain the nascent pre-rRNA progressively detach from the DNP strands, the majority being released between 45 and 180 min after application of the drug. The release pattern seems to be random and does not show preference for regions close to the initiator or terminator sites of the transcribed rDNP units. There is a pronounced tendency to removal of groups of adjacent mascent fibrils. The effect of the drug is very heterogeneous. Even after 3 h of treatment with AMD the nucleoli exhibit several individual transcriptional units which appear almost completely covered with lateral fibrils. Autoradiography revealed that most of this released RNP remains within the confinements of the nucleoli which show some foci of aggregation and condensation of fibrillar components but no clear "segregation" phenomenon. In the gel-electrophoretic analysis, a significant but moderate decrease of labeled pre-rRNA was noted only in the first stable pre-rRNA component, whereas pre-rRNA classes of lower molecular weight are very stable under these conditions. The results are discussed in relation to the stability of rDNA transcription complexes and as a basis for an explanation of the ultrastructural changes which are generally observed in nucleoli of AMD-treated cells. It is postulated that inhibition of transcription results in a slow but progressive release of the arrested incomplete RNP fibrils from the template. PMID- 1127009 TI - The permeability barrier in mammalian epidermis. AB - The structural basis of the permeability barrier in mammalian epidermis was examined by tracer and freeze-fracture techniques. Water-soluble tracers (horesradish peroxidase, lanthanum, ferritin) were injected into neonatal mice or into isolated upper epidermal sheets obtained with staphylococcal exfoliatin. Tracers percolated through the intercellular spaces to the upper stratum granulosum, where further egress was impeded by extruded contents of lamellar bodies. The lamellar contents initially remain segregated in pockets, then fuse to form broad sheets which fill intercellular regions of the stratum corneum, obscuring the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. These striated intercellular regions are interrupted by periodic bulbous dilatations. When adequately preserved, the interstices of the stratum corneum are wider, by a factor of 5-10 times that previously appreciated. Freeze-fracture replicas of granular cell membranes revealed desmosomes, sparse plasma membrane particles, and accumulating intercellular lamellae, but no tight junctions. Fractured stratum corneum displayed large, smooth, multilaminated fracture faces. By freeze-substitution, proof was obtained that the fracture plane had diverted from the usual intramembranous route in the stratum granulosum to the intercellular space in the stratum corneum. We conclude that: (a) the primary barrier to water loss is formed in the stratum granulosum and is subserved by intercellular deposition of lamellar bodies, rather than occluding zonules; (b) a novel, intercellular freeze fracture plane occurs within the stratum corneum; (c) intercellular regions of the stratum corneum comprise an expanded, structurally complex, presumably lipid rich region which may play an important role in percutaneous transport. PMID- 1127010 TI - Intramembrane organization of specialized contacts in the outer plexiform layer of the retina. A freeze-fracture study in monkeys and rabbits. AB - Freeze-fracture analysis of the neural connections in the outer plexiform layer of the retina of primates (Macaca mulatta and Macaca arctoides) demonstrates a remarkable diversity in the internal structure of the synaptic membranes. In the invaginating synapses of cone pedicles, the plasma membrane of the photoreceptor ending contains an aggregate of A-face particles, a hexagonal array of synaptic vesicle sites, and rows of coated vesicle sites, which are deployed in sequence from apex to base of the synaptic ridge. The horizontal cell dendrites lack vesicle sites and have two aggregates of intramembrane A-face particles, one at the interface with the apex of the synaptic ridge, the other opposite the tip of the invaginating midget bipolar dendrite. Furthermore, the horizontal cell dendrites are interconnected by a novel type of specialized junction, characterized by: (a) enlarged intercellular cleft, bisected by a dense plate and traversed by uniformly spaced crossbars; (b) symmetrical arrays of B-face particles arranged in parallel rows within the junctional membranes; and (c) a layer of dense material on the cytoplasmic surface of the membranes. The plasmalemma of the invaginating midget bipolar dendrite is unspecialized. At the contact region between the basal surface of cone pedicles and the dendrites of the flat midget and diffuse cone bipolar cells, the pedicle membrane has moderately clustered A-face particles, but no vesicle sites, whereas the adjoining membrane of the bipolar dendrites contains an aggregate of B-face particles. The invaginating synapse of rod spherules differs from that of cone pedicles, because the membrane of the axonal endings of the horizontal cells only has an A-face particle aggregate opposite the apex of the synaptic ridge. Specialized junctions between horizontal cell processes, characterized by symmetrical arrays of intramembrane B-face particles, are also present in the neuropil underlying the photoreceptor endings. Small gap junctions connect the processes of the horizontal cells; other gap junctions probably connect the bipolar cell dendrites which make contact with each cone pedicle. Most of the junctional specializations typical of the primate outer plexiform layer are also found in the rabbit retina. The fact that specialized contacts between different types of neurons interacting in the outer plexiform layer have specific arrangements of intramembrane particles strongly suggests that the internal structure of the synaptic membranes is intimately correlated with synaptic function. PMID- 1127011 TI - Release of growth hormone from ox pituitary slices after pronase treatment. AB - Proteolytic enzymes have been used both to modify properties of the cell membrane and to dissociate cells from many tissues including pituitary (4, 5, 12). Exposure of secretory tissues to pronase can alter their secretory response. Thus incubation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans in the presence of low concentrations of pronase increased the subsequent release of insulin in the presence of stimulatory and nonstimulatory glucose concentrations (7). The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether low concentrations of pronase have the same stimulatory effect on the release of a pituitary hormone, growth hormone. Such an effect on hormone release could be of some importance in view of the development of dissociated cell systems as models for the study of the control of hormone release (4, 5). PMID- 1127012 TI - Substructure of the glomerular slit diaphragm in freeze-fractured normal rat kidney. AB - In the renal glomerulus, the narrow slits between adjacent epithelial podocytes are bridged by a diaphragm (2, 8, 11). In rat and mouse kidneys fixed by perfusion with tannic acid and glutaraldehyde (TAG), it has recently been discovered that this diaphragm has a highly ordered, isoporous substructure (9). It consists of a regular array of alternating cross bridges extending from the podocyte plasma membranes to a centrally running filament. This zipperlike pattern results in two rows of rectangular pores, approximately 40 X 140 A in cross section, dimensions consistent with the proposed role of the diaphragm as an important filtration barrier to plasma proteins (6). In the present study, we found in freeze-cleaved and in freeze-etched normal rat glomeruli that the surface of the slit diaphragm has an appearance conforming to the pattern found in sectioned material. PMID- 1127013 TI - Ultrastructural localization of the high molecular weight proteins associated with in vitro-assembled brain microtubules. AB - Microtubules isolated from brain extracts by in vitro assembly (1, 19, 23) are composed principally of two tubulins and two high molecular weight proteins (microtubule-associated proteins [MAPS] 1 and 2) (2,5,7,20). Recently, it was demonstrated that in vitro-assembled brain microtubules (neurotubules) are coated with filaments (5, 7) which are similar to the filaments attached to neurotubules in situ (4, 15, 21, 24, 25), and it was suggested that the filaments are composed of the higher molecular weight MAPs (5, 7, 12). In this study, microtubules were assembled in the presence and absence of the MAPs, and thin sections of the microtubules were examined by electron microscopy. The results show that the filaments only occur on microtubules assembled in the presence of the MAPs and it is therefore concluded that the filaments are composed of the high molecular weight MAP's. PMID- 1127014 TI - Identification of actin in situ at the ectoplasm-endoplasm interface of Nitella. Microfilament-chloroplast association. AB - Using a glycerination procedure designed to avoid excessive plasmolysis or disruption of the ectoplasm, microfilaments in bundles at the ectoplasm-endoplasm interface of Nitella internode cell segments were found to bind rabbit heavy meromyosin (HMM) in situ. All HMM arrowheads in a bundle seem to have the same polarity and many lie in register as judged from the electron micrographs; the arrowhead periodicity is approximately 380 . The decorated microfilaments are thus similar to those seen in negatively stained cytoplasmic suspensions of internode cells. In glycerinated material, as well as in suspensions, the microfilaments are closely associated with chloroplasts. The microfilaments lie adjacent to or are attached to the chloroplast envelope. The results provide further evidence that the microfilaments thought to play a role in cytoplasmic streaming in vivo in Nitella consist of actin and suggest that they may be anchored to the chloroplasts. PMID- 1127015 TI - Membrane proteins synthesized by rabbit reticulocytes. AB - Intact rabbit reticulocyte cells synthesize two predominant species of polypeptides which are components of the cell plasma membrane. Previous work (Lodish, H. F. 1973. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 70:1526-1530.) showed that these proteins were synthesized by polyribosomes not attached to membranes. We show here that both polypeptides are confined to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. These studies utilized iodination of whole cells and of membranes with lactoperoxidase, and digestion of whole cells and membranes with chymotrypsin, One of these proteins is synthesized as a precursor, and about 20 40 amino acids are removed after it is incorporated into the membrane, We discuss the probable sites of synthesis of these and other classes of membrane proteins. PMID- 1127016 TI - Structural and transcriptional features of the mouse spermatid genome. AB - A whole-mount electron microscope technique has allowed direct visualization of the transcription process in mouse spermatids. Thes observations have been supported by light and electron microscope autoradiographic techniques that employ [3H]uridine and [3H]arginine in attempts to clarify mechanisms of RNA synthesis and their relationship to nuclear histone changes throughout spermiogenesis. Early spermatid genomes are dispersed almost completely, whereas in later spermiogenic steps the posterior or flagellar nuclear region is readily dispersed and the anterior or subacrosomal nuclear region remains compact. Display of genome segments permits identification of regions where transcription complexes, presumably heterogeneous nuclear RNA species, are seen related to chromatin. These complexes appear as ribonucleoprotein chains, some of them of considerable length, decreasing progressively in number in late spermiogenic steps. This decrease coincides with diminishing rates of [3H]uridine incorporation. Two distinct patterns of chromatin have been identified: a beaded chromatin type associated with transcription complexes encounterd in early spermatids; and a smooth chromatin type not involved in transcriptive activity observed in advanced spermiogenic genomes. Protein particles staining densely with phosphotungstic acid become apparent in nuclei of spermatids after [3H]arginine incorporation becomes significant. There is no structural or autoradiographic evidence for the presence of nucleoli during spermiogenesis. From these data and from previous experimental findings, we conclude that: (a) spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells are transcriptionally expressed into heterogeneous nuclear RNA and preribosomal RNA species whereas transcription in spermatids is predominantly heterogeneous nuclear RNA; and (b) the modification of the chromatin patterns in late spermiogenic steps indicates a stabilized genome that restricts transcriptive functions. PMID- 1127017 TI - Electron microscope autoradiographic study of intestinal absorption of decanoic and octanoic acids in the rat. AB - Intestinal absorption of [3H]octanoic acid and [3H]decanoic acid was investigated in the rat by electron microscope autoradiography. The common duct (bile and pancreatic common duct) of the rats was diverted and a loop of the duodenum was cannulated 24 h later. The lipid mixture to be investigated was introduced into each experimental loop, and after 15 min or less the loop was removed. One part of each loop was used to determine the distribution of radioactivity in different lipid fractions, and an autoradiographic study was performed on the other part of the loop. Radioactivity distribution studies confirmed that medium chain fatty acids are absorbed in their nonesterified form and established that these fatty acids are absorbed much more rapidly than oleic acid. Autoradiographic studies indicated that the medium chain fatty acids are taken up in a molecular or aggregate molecular form, leave the epithelial cells by way of the lateral plasma membrane, and are next found in the blood capillaries. Our results suggest that the Golgi complex does not play an important role in the absorption of unesterified fatty acids. PMID- 1127018 TI - Isolation and separation of highly enriched fractions of viable mouse gastric parietal cells by velocity sedimentation. AB - Methods of tissue dissociation and cell separation have been modified to obtain highly enriched fractions of mouse gastric parietal cells. Suspension of gastric mucosal cells are prepared by pronase digestion of the glandular portion of the stomach from adult mice. By utilizing the velocity sedimentation technique to separate cells of different sizes it is possible to recovery parietal cells, which are larger than the other cell types, in fractions with purity of 75-95%. The homogeneity of cell fractions has been assessed by light and electron microscopy. The ability of the isolated cells to exclude the dye trypan blue, to incorporate labeled substrate, to consume oxygen, and to retain their structural integrity indicates that they are viable and still capable of functional activity. PMID- 1127019 TI - Changes in distribution pattern of cytoplasmic filaments in human melanocytes during ultraviolet-mediated melanin pigmentation. The role of the 100-Angstrom filaments in the elongation of melanocytic dendrites and in the movement and transfer of melanosomes. AB - Human melanocytes characteristically contain 100-A filaments. These 100-A filaments shift from the perinuclear area to the center of the dendritic processes and are in close association with melanosomes during the different stages of UV-mediated melanin pigmentation. We suggest that these 100-A filaments in human melanocytes participate in the elongation of the dendrites and in the transfer of melanosomes. PMID- 1127020 TI - Formation of temporary flagellar structures during insect organogenesis. AB - Cilia and flagella are rare in nongerminal tissues of anthropods, and are generally thought to be restricted to sperm and sensory cells in insects (2). Whitten (5) has reported the presence of kinetosomes at the base of mitotrichia in the dipteran fly Sarcophaga bullata, but reports no evidence of the organization of fibrous elements characteristic of cilia and or flagella. During an ultrastructural analysis of morphogenesis of the colleterial gland of the silk moth Hyalophora cecropia, we found the first example of paired flagella associated with an insect secretory cell. These structures are also unusual in that they serve a temporary role in morphogenesis and subsequently disappear at the terminal stages of differentiation. PMID- 1127021 TI - Quantitative measurement of the course of bean callus differentiation. AB - Two strains of callus have been isolated from bean hypocotyl and grown on a defined maintenance medium supplemented with 2 mg/l. 2:4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2:4D) and 2% sucrose. Root initiation was observed in one strain and formation of nodules containing xylem and phloem in both strains after transfer to an induction medium supplemented with 1 mg/l. naphthyleneacetic acid, 0-2 mg/l. kinetin and 3% sucrose, after 3 transfers to maintenance medium. The number of nodules per gramme increased 10-fold between 6 and 12 days after transfer, and thereafter remained constant. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity rose to a maximum value when the rate of nodule formation was greatest, and decreased after the maximum nodule concentration was reached. The final constant value for PAL activity was above that of callus grown on maintenance medium. Beta I leads to 3 glucan synthetase activity rose to a maximum 15 days after transfer, and then fell gradually to a level above that measured in callus on maintenance medium. Callus was transferred from maintenance medium after 3, 4, 5 and 6 transfers. The concentration of nodules after 21 days on induction medium decreased as the callus was kept in culture. No further differentiation could be induced after 6 transfers. The fall in nodule formation was paralleled by a decrease in PAL and betaI leads to 3 glucan synthetase activities measured 21 days after transfer. PMID- 1127022 TI - An electron-microscope study of the lampbrush chromosomes of the newt Triturus cristatus. AB - The ultrastructure of lampbrush chromosomes has been examined in sections of end embedded spread preparations, where the nuclear sap was dispersed prior to fixation, and in oocyte nuclei fixed entire, in 60-kV and i-MV electron microscopes. In spread preparations the axial chromomeres are seen to be organized as regularly spaced, unravelled skeins of DNP, each with a skein width of some 30 nm, though in some chromomeres there are regions where the DNP is much more densely packed. In both unravelled and dense regions, the 'ultimate' DNP fibres, wherever they can be identified, appear to be some 5 nm wide and thrown into loose coils. The unravelled state, although it clearly reflects an orderly packaging of the non-transcribing DNP, is an artifact of preparation; in sections of entire nuclei all chromomeres are seen to consist of DNP fibrils in the more densely packed state. The interchromeric fibril is single, and some 10 nm or less wide; it shows no sign of transcriptional activity. In sections of end-embedded preparations the RNPmatrix of most lateral loops, where transcription occurs, is seen to be made up of particles, each uniformly some 30 nm in diameter and strung together in linear array. These RNP particles are equally evident in sections of whole nuclei. In many loops the strings of particles are wound back on themselves to form regularly spaced, dense aggregates, each some 200-300 nm wide or wider; the larger aggregates can be resolved in the light micrpscope. The RNP particles are of the same dimensions throughout the lengths of individual lateral loops, and of substantially the same dimensions in loops of different gross morphologies. It is suggested that as each successive short length of RNA is transcribed from loop axis DNA, a protein associates with this RNA and winds it up to form a 'manageable' package, allowing transcription to proceed. PMID- 1127023 TI - Light- and electron-microscope observations on certain leukocytes in a teleost fish and a comparison of the envelope-limited monolayers of chromatin structural units in different species. AB - Previously it was shown that the nuclear envelope-limited sheets of chromatin, monolayers of nucleoprotein structural units, are present in blood cells from 4 classes of vertebrates. Now we show that sheets of similar width are present in certain leukocytes of a fifth class, a teleost fish. We describe the fine structure of leukocytes in peripheral blood and in the main haematopoietic organ, kidney. We also examined the granulocytes of connective tissue in intestine. By May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining and electron microscopy heterophilic granulocytes, cosinophils but no basophils could be recognized in peripheral blood and kidney. Problems in classification of the cells are discussed. In one group (A) of 5 fish, sheets occurred at a frequency of roughly 1% in heterophilic (type 1) granulocytes and lymphocytes from peripheral blood. No sheets were found in a second group (B) of 5 fish. Kidney and intestine were examined in some fish from both groups and no sheets were present. In an atypical group (C) sheets were found in the eosinophilic (type 2) granulocytes from peripheral blood of one fish and in lymphocytes from connective tissue of intestine in another. Sheets were usually associated with nuclei of irregular shape and their width averaged 36 nm. We tabulate data from other workers on occurence and width of sheets. They are found in all the main classes of tissue in mammals, namely blood and other connective tissues, in epithelial, nervous, germinal tissue and muscle, as well as in invertebrate and certain plants. Their nearly constant width, average value 35 nm, provides very convincing evidence for the hypothesis that the molecules of DNA and protein are organized into the same fundamental structural units, irrespective of species. We discuss the variable incidence of sheets among different cell types and the factors which might determine this. PMID- 1127024 TI - Rifampicin inhibition of the plastid rRNA synthesis of Marchantia polymorpha. AB - The effect of rifampicin on the synthesis of plastid rRNA in Marchantia polymorpha was studied in vivo. As bacterial rRNA and plastid rRNA have the same electrophoretic mobilities, this study was possible only after a method for inhibiting bacterial contamination was developed. It was established that 91-100% of the rRNA synthesized by cultures of bacteria from Marchantia, after a labelling period of 3 and 9 h by 32-P, is inhibited by 10 mug/ml of rifampicin. The same inhibition was observed when Marchantia was labelled for 3 h in the presence of 10 mug/ml of rifampicin, showing that no plastid rRNA was synthesized under out conditions, but only bacterial RNA. However, when labelling was continued for 9 h two important peaks of rRNA (23 and 19 s) were labelled in the presence of 10 or 20 mug/ml of rifampicin. These peaks are of chlorophastic origin as confirmed by the following facts: the labelling is light-activated; plastids isolated from thalli labelled for 12 h also show these two radioactive peaks. Cytoplasmic rRNA is synthesized under certain conditions. The synthesis of plastid rRNA is inhibited by higher concentrations of rifampicin, a concentration of 250 mug/ml producing at least 75% inhibition. Marchantia, a primitive multicellular plant, differs in this respect from higher plants, which seem to be, in most cases, insensitive to rifampicin PMID- 1127025 TI - Kinetic aspects of synchrony in suspension cultures of Acer pseudoplatanus L. AB - Synchronous divisions have been induced in cell suspension cultures of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) initiated at low density from stationary phase, nitrate starved cells. The pattern of division and DNA replication synchrony is unusual in that it does not show progressive decay but rather a sharp transition to asynchrony. Feulgen densitometry data indicate that in terms of an S-phase synchrony index, DNA replication becomes more highly synchronized as cell density rises and interphase duration is reduced. In comparison with asynchronous cultures the duration of mitosis appears to be reduced during synchronous growth. The persistence of division and S-phase synchrony and the apparent shortening of interphase and mitosis in these sycamore cultures suggests the operation of intercellular entrainment. The departure from synchrony during the interphase which precedes initiation of asynchronous division remains unexplained. PMID- 1127026 TI - The fine structure and cell kinetics of mouse epidermis after wounding. AB - A variable amount of cornified tissue removed from mouse dorsal epidermis results in stimulation of the entire basal layer. Stimulation does not appear to be dependent on damage to an indiviaual epidermal proliferative unit (EPU). The immediate reaction to wounding is a rapid movement of cells from the basal layer to the differentiating compartment resulting in depopulation of the basal layer, which is followed by a burst in DNA-synthetic activity. The result of the increased transit of cells through the epidermis is that various aspects of keratinization can appear abnormal. The Langerhans cells show several changes, often appearing suprabasal and becoming smaller, rounded cells with a less-clear cytoplasm and fewer granules. The initial migratory reaction results in a largely normal epidermis on the third day. This reaction is followed by a transient hyperplasia which reaches its peak on the sixth to seventh day and gradually returns to normal by the fourteenth to fifteenth day. The hyperplasia is characterized by a loss of the ordered stacking of cornified cells which become shorter and thicker than normal. There is a return to the stacked state beginning on the tenth day. The Langerhans frequency is apparently at its lowest on days 6 7 when the proliferation levels are at their maximum. An inverse relationship appears to exist between relative Langerhans cell frequency and cell proliferation rate. The data suggest that the frequency of Langerhans granules also changes during the course of the hyperplasia, peak levels being observed just before the decline in proliferative activity. PMID- 1127027 TI - Data security. AB - Data security is a rich and complex subject dealing with the protection of the computing capability from all threats to its continuity. Some fundamental elements of the process of achieving a reasonable, prudent measure of that protection are considered. PMID- 1127028 TI - The large data base file structure dilemma. AB - This paper first presents a brief tutorial on the principal random file organization methods for handling two major applications--Transaction oriented systems and information storage and retrieval systems. It then addresses a particular large data base dilemma, not satisfactorily resolved by any of these methods, and which is currently under active investigation. Two approaches to a solution are described. One is called the hybrid inverted list; the other is based upon an old technique called super-imposed coding. The former has been implemented and has recently been installed in an operational system. Some statistics related to file characteristics in this application are provided, but operational cost and performance statistics are not yet available. PMID- 1127029 TI - Large data base at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. AB - The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Octopus network includes a central storage facility of over 10-12 bits. This facility is accessed through a directory mechanism which permits flexible organization and general sharing of files by many time-sharing users. The chief problems of the system are not unusual: the maintenance of high transfer rates, of reliability and availability, and of sufficient storage capacity. PMID- 1127030 TI - The management of a large data base in IRIS. AB - IRIS (Illinois Resource Information System) is a retrieval and analysis system for land-use planners. The system stores the attributes of land parcels. Currently two major data bases are in use: a 78,000 parcel data base covering eight counties around Chicago and a 16,000 parcel data base covering six counties around Chicago. PMID- 1127031 TI - Input/output considerations for large data bases. AB - Input/output devices, format designs, and programming for rejecting defective input, updating and correcting input, and for producing a variety of outputs from the input are discussed, especially from the viewpoint of a large data base and that of the information needs of the users. PMID- 1127032 TI - Overview of the NAS/NRC Conference on Large Data Bases. PMID- 1127033 TI - Character sets. PMID- 1127034 TI - Data compression of large document data bases. AB - Consideration is given to a document data base that is structured for information retrieval purposes by means of an inverted index and term dictionary. Vocabulary characteristics of various fields are described, and it is shown how the data base may be stored in a compressed form by use of restricted variable length codes that produce a compression not greatly in excess of the optimum that could be achieved through use of Huffman codes. The coding is word oriented. An alternative scheme of word fragment coding is described. It has the advantage that it allows the use of a small dictionary, but is less efficient with respect to compression of the data base. PMID- 1127035 TI - Lockheed experience in processing large data bases for its commercial information retrieval service. AB - The last few years have seen the emergence of the information retrieval services industry. This industry consists of three tiers: data base producers, retrieval service vendors, and information centers who service the end user. The experience of Lockheed Information Systems as a retrieval service vendor is recounted as it pertains to its system and to its relationship with the data base suppliers. Government competition is seen as a potential threat to the industry. PMID- 1127036 TI - Chemical Abstracts Service approach to management of large data bases. AB - When information handling is "the business," as it is at Chemical Abstract Service (CAS), the total organization must be involved in information management. Since 1967, when, as a result of long-range planning efforts, CAS adopted a "data base approach" to management of both the processing system and the distribution of information files, CAS has been grappling with the problems of managing large collections of information in computer-based systems. This paper describes what has been done at CAS in the management of large files and what we see as necessary, as a result of our experience, to improve and complete the information management system that is the foundation of our production processes. PMID- 1127037 TI - TOSAR--a system for the structural formula-like representation of concept connections in chemical publications. AB - A system is described for representing graphically the conceptual contents of a document, such as preparations and processes delineated in a patent or journal article. PMID- 1127038 TI - A comparison of the performance of some similarity and dissimilarity measures in the automatic classification of chemical structures. AB - A group of 39 structures with local anesthetic activity has been classified automatically by calculating similarity or dissimilarity coefficients between pairs of structure diagrams and applying cluster analysis to the results. The performance of a number of similarity and dissimilarity coefficients has been compared using the relationship between structure and property. Simple coefficients and a distance function give more satisfactory results than functions using probabilistic weighting or standardized distance. PMID- 1127039 TI - Search strategies and user interface. AB - This paper discusses what in The Mead Corporation have found to be certain aspects of search strategy with respect to searching large data bases and certain problem areas that remain. The paper defines some problem areas, especially problem areas in the freeing-up of the interface language between the user and the search process. Four specific areas in the interface language are defined, and a recommendation is made concerning basic research into some linguistic meanings for the four areas. PMID- 1127040 TI - Letter: Comparison of WLN with RINGDOC. PMID- 1127041 TI - [The treatment of osteitis after fracture fixation]. PMID- 1127042 TI - [Angiography of the cervico-cephalic vessels of the dog. The carotid system]. AB - The authors report an experimental study of the pathology and cervico-cerebral hemodynamics in the dog and discuss the normal anatomy of the carotid arteries in the dog. These results include the interpretation of 30 selective angiographies and numerous anatomical dissections. Many points distinguish the carotid arteries in the dog from those in man. Firstly, in their distribution, where the internal carotid artery appears particularly narrow the internal maxillary artery particularly large. Then and above all, their function, it seems that external carotid artery is more important than the internal carotid artery in the dog, so that the blood supply of the central nervous system seems to be obtained almost entirely through the vertebro-basilar system. Finally, there exists between each network of internal carotid arteries, the external carotid artery and the vertebral arteries numerous anastomoses. Contrary to the distrubution of arteries in man, these anastomoses usually function permanently. PMID- 1127043 TI - [Segmental pancreatic lesions after partial or total splenectomy in rabbits]. AB - Previous experiments on compensatory hypertrophy of the splenic parenchyma after partial splenectomy, permitted us to observe lesions of the part of the pancreas in contact with the spleen. This part of the gland is supplied only by the splenic artery and suffers from some degree of ischemia during splenectomy. The object of this research was to seek, as a routine, pancreatic disease after splenectomy. 32 adult rabbits were used. Partial splenectomy carried out in 15 cases, removed about 2/3rds of the spleen and involved ligature of 4 or 5 splenic and mesenteric arterio-venous pedicles. Total splenectomy, carried out in 17 cases, included ligature of the splenic arteriovenous trunk and 3 or 4 spleno gastric and spleno-mesenteric arterio-venous pedicles. These operations were followed by more or less intense stasis extending to the splenic part of the pancreas. The animals were examined one week and 8 months afterwards. All the rabbits, except one, had pancreatic lesions. The most severe and extensive lesions, including large areas of cytosteato-necrosis with, in 11 cases, pseudo cysts, with caseation, followed total splenectomy. Partial splenectomy gave rise to 6 pseudocysts including 2 containing blood and 9 cases with milder lesions including involution, rarefaction and sometimes disappearance of the gland which had suffered from ischemia. In these splenectomies, ligature of the splenic arterio-venous pedicles supplying the pancreas were responsible for pancreatic disease. PMID- 1127044 TI - [Anatomopathological aspects and treatment of sternitis and sternochondritis after cardiac surgery]. AB - The authors report their experience of the treatment of sternitis on a surgical unit. They analyse here 23 case records out of 31 cases of sternitis treated on their unit. Out of these 23, there were 3 deaths (13 p. 100) and 16 cures (69,5 p. 100) with an average follow up of 20 months. The solutions adopted, including extremely wide exposure and, in some cases, removal of infected bone, are justified by the fact that these patients were admitted from other surgical units. The diagnosis was facilitated by the fact this unit includes a clinical bacteriology research unit. The authors make no apologies for using very classical surgical methods and attempt to demonstrate that these extreme cases require radical surgery. Their original contribution consists of the rational use of antibiotics, but the surgical solution is pre-eminent. PMID- 1127045 TI - [Autotransfusion in acute hemoperitoneum]. AB - This procedure is well known, there were 2 000 cases reported in the literature with a very small number of complications. Is autotransfusion really efficacious? According to the author's results in 9 cases of hemoperitoneum, the red cells obtained by this method are quantitatively valid, but hemolysis starts early (6 hours) and the disappearance of the platelets and coagulation factors occurs even more early (2 hours). However, clinical tolerance is perfect, thus confirming the good experimental results obtained in animals. The true limits are hemolysis and the risk of contamination but, with appropriate apparatus and precise indications, and unsoiled blood, less than 24 hours old, autotransfusion is a good method which may provide a solution in certain emergencies. PMID- 1127046 TI - [Osteosynthesis of trochantero-diaphyseal and sub-trochanteric fractures. (Apropos of 57 osteosyntheses)]. AB - The authors report 57 cases of osteosynthesis for trochanterodiaphysial and subtrochanteric fractures. They analyse the types of fracture in relation to age, methods of treatment used and the results. They emphasize the poor prognosis after 70 years. They suggest close wound intramedullary nailing whenever possible and osteosynthesis on non-fractured metastasis in order to prevent fracture. PMID- 1127047 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the humerus by intramedullary fixation]. AB - The Hackethal's technique of intramedullaring wiring for humeral fracture represents the immobilisation procedure particularly convenient for this bone. This procedure can be realised without special instrumentation with Kirschner's wires and image intensifior. To allow the approach of the fracture, the patient's position is choosed upon the topography of the lesion. The intramedullaring wiring is always done from down to up. Indications for this procedure are: humeral shaft fracture, humeral neck fracture, and fractures of the shaft and of the neck. During the reduction of the fracture, the immoderate use of a image intensifior seams to be the major risk. Hackethal's technique for medullary wiring was used in 21 patients, only one pseudarthrosis was noted. The fonctionnal recovery of the arm is usually realised in three months. PMID- 1127048 TI - [Disunion of colo-rectal anastomosis after surgery]. AB - Breakdown of sutures is the main complication of colonic and rectal surgery. The percentage of breakdowns is between 5 and 10 p. 100. The latter may be obvious as shown by a fistula or by peritonitis. But they may also be latent and present with septicemic shock. One must then detect the breakdown by the association of clinical, radiological and laboratory signs in order to re-operate immediately. Intensive care plays a very important role in the treatment of this lesion. Suture breakdown is sometimes unforseeable, but it may be avoided by taking into consideration certain prophylactic rules which are analysed here. PMID- 1127049 TI - Children of West Indian immigrants. III. Home circumstances and family patterns. PMID- 1127050 TI - Arrests and delinquency in two generations: A study of black urban families and their children. PMID- 1127051 TI - The relation of direct home observations to the clinic evaluation of hyperactive school age boys. PMID- 1127052 TI - Effects of differential removal from group on social development of Rhesus monkeys. PMID- 1127053 TI - The ethics of intervention: Acting amidst ambiguity. PMID- 1127054 TI - Gas chromatographic resolution of enantiomeric amphetamines and related amines. I. Structural effects on some diastereomer separations. AB - Eight structurally related enantiomeric primary amines including several amphetamines were resolved as distereomers by gas chromatography. Optically active acylated amino acid chlorides were reacted with the amine racemates to yield volative diastereomers which were chromatographed on polar and on nonpolar columns. Selectivity of diastereomeric pair separations was found to be dependent on substitution at the chiral centers of both the amino acids and the amines. Baseline resolution was achieved on a 6-ft. diethylene glycol succinate column at 200 degrees for seven of the eight amines. The polar stationary phases yielded higher relative separation factors than the nonpolar phase in all cases for the same chromatographic conditions. The effects of varying the perfluoroacyl group of the amino acid resolving agent from trifluoroacetyl to pentafluoropropionyl to heptafluorobutyryl was to significantly decrease the retention times without significantly decreasing these separation factors. PMID- 1127055 TI - Automation of multiple sephadex LH-20 column chromatography for the simultaneous separation of plasma corticosteroids. AB - An automated method of Sephacex LH-20 chromatography has been developed for the simultaneous and complete separation of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, aldosterone, cortisone and cortisol from a small plasma sample prior to radioimmunoassay. Using a controlled elution flow-rate of 40 ml/h and automated programme tape-controlled collection of the eluates from six columns eluted simultaneously, excellent reproducibility of elution patterns with minimal day-to day and column-to-column variations could be achieved. The method can be easily extended and permits the reliable, rapid and easy routine separation of individual steroids from a single plasma or tissue extract on a multi-column scale. PMID- 1127056 TI - Direct quantitative thin-layer chromatographic determination of prostaglandins A2, B2, E2 and F2 alpha. AB - A direct method for the determination of prostaglandins (PG) A2, B2, E2 and F2 alpha by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is described. The TLC development is carried out on silica gel 60 F254 plates so that PGA2, PGB2 and PGE2 can be directly determined together by chromatogram spectrodensitometry using the reflection method. PGE2 must be converted into pgb2 so that it can be measured at lambda max. 224 nm and after conversion into PGB2 by spraying with potassium hydroxide solution. PGF2 alpha is measured after spraying with methanolic sulphuric acid and subsequent heating at lambda max. 530 nm. The method of determination described here is characterized by a short analysis time and good accuracy, and it is therefore suitable for quality control and stability investigations with these prostaglandins. The coefficient of variation is plus or minus 3.5 percent. PMID- 1127058 TI - [Structure-mobility relationships in thin-layer chromatography. Applications to some progestogens (author's transl)]. AB - A study has been made on the quantitative relationship between the chromatographic mobility and the structure of progestogenic steroids. The coefficient K, corresponding to the fundamental skeleton, and the parameters of different substituents were calculated from the RM values. The results obtained with eighteen steroids tested in two solvent systems of low dielectric constant and low polarity have been improved satisfactorily. PMID- 1127057 TI - Empirical quantum chemical approach to structure-gas chromatographic retention index relationship. I. Sterol acetates. AB - It has been found possible to correlate chromatographic retention parameters directly with molecular electronic structure by means of a linear relationship. The empirical parameters used are total energy and localized charge, calculated by the method of Del Re. They are deduced directly from the molecular structure and they permit the retention index to be calculated theoretically with an acceptable error. PMID- 1127059 TI - Determination of the degree of polymerisation of oligo- and polysaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 1127060 TI - Rapid and accurate determination of the level of carbamazepine inserum by ultraviolet reflectance photometry on thin-layer chromatograms. PMID- 1127061 TI - Cannabis. XIV. Pyrolysis of cannabidiol--analysis of the volatile constituents. PMID- 1127062 TI - Further studies of practical high-speed liquid chromatographic separations of tricarboxylic acid cycle organic acids and carbohydrates. PMID- 1127063 TI - Ion-exchange chromatography of some thiodiamines. PMID- 1127064 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of the cytochalasins. PMID- 1127065 TI - Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XXXIV. Gas chromatographic determination of ammonia in cigarette and cigar smoke. PMID- 1127066 TI - Editorial: Health manpower. PMID- 1127067 TI - Social class and chronicity of schizophrenia. PMID- 1127068 TI - Social psychological factors affecting disability among ambulatory patients. PMID- 1127069 TI - Clinical myocardial infarction over a five-year period--III. A multivariate analysis of incidence, the Israel ischemic heart disease study. PMID- 1127070 TI - Familial occurrence of chronic respiratory disease and familial resemblance in ventilatory capacity. PMID- 1127071 TI - Pituitary-gonadal relations in infancy. I. Patterns of serum gonadotropin concentrations from birth to four years of age in man and chimpanzee. AB - Mixed cord sera (27 male, 28 female) and sera from 105 male and 93 female children aged 5 days to 4 yr were assayed for FSH, LH and hCG. Cord hCG was similar in both sexes (median 58 mIU/ml; range 20-9000), and fell to less than 5 mIU/ml by 5 days of life, a value which is below the limit of detectable cross reactivity in the LH radioimmunoassay. Cord FSH was less than 5.5 mug LER-907/100 ml in both sexes. In boys there was a rapid rise of FSH in early postnatal life, with peak levels up to 55 mug/100 ml between 1 week and 3 months, followed by a decline by 4 months reaching the low values seen in older prepubertal subjects. This postnatal FSH rise was both more marked in females with peak values at 2-3 months up to 169 mug/100 ml, and also more sustained with levels staying above those of older prepubertal children until 4 yr of age. Serum LH levels in the boys were in the adolescent range by 1 week of age, peaked at 1 month and then declined to the usual childhood range by 4 months. A similar pattern, though with lower peak LH values, was seen in the female infants. A longitudinal study of serum FSH and LH values in one male and one female chimpanzee from 17 to 456 days of age showed patterns in serum gonadotropins which paralleled those seen in the human cross-sectional study. PMID- 1127072 TI - A modified hemagglutination inhibition test for estimating human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) in unprocessed urine. AB - The development of a hemagglutination inhibition test for urinary human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSHu) is described. Antisera were raised in rabbits and absorbed immunochromatographically with crude preparations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). hFSHu was coupled to erythrocytes by means of bis diazobenzidine. The reagents, alone or in combination were subjected to various specificity tests such as reactions of hFSHu-coated erythrocytes with antisera against different antigens, reactions of anti-hFSHu with erythrocytes coated with different antigens, and reaction of "non-FSH" preparations on different test combinations of anti-hFSHu sera and hFSHu-coated erythrocytes. A comparative assay of an hFSHu preparation with different reagent combinations appeared to give the most stringent criterion for specificity. A modified hemagglutination inhibition test system was developed according to the principle reported earlier for urinary human luteninizing hormone (hLHu). Its sensitivity was fixed at 2 mIU FSH/ml which is sufficient for the estimation of hFSH in unconcentrated urine. PMID- 1127073 TI - The insulin response to intravenous fructose in relation to blood glucose levels. AB - The insulinotropic action of intravenous fructose was examined in 24 subjects without known metabolic disease. When blood glucose values before the fructose infusion were at or below normal fasting levels, fructose elicited only a small plasma insulin response. In contrast, the insulin response was strikingly augmented when preinfusion blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were moderately elevated. The insulinotropic action of fructose appears closely related to the preinfusion blood glucose level. Fructose has little or no insulinotropic action in the absence of glucose but potentiates glucose-mediated insulin release. The insulinotropic potency of other glucose analogues in vivo may show a similar dependence on concomitant blood glucose levels. PMID- 1127074 TI - Plasma estrogen and androgen concentrations in children during adolescence. AB - Using Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and a radioimmunological technique, the simultaneous measurement of estrone, estradiol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone was performed in a single extract of peripheral plasma in children. In 44 boys and 43 girls, the mean plasma concentration of estrone rose steadily in both sexes, though more pronounced in the girls. For estradiol, this increment was noted only for the girls. For testosterone, the boys showed a spurt after pubertal stage 3, whereas the girls did not show any rise throughout the developmental phases. The girls, however, showed increment in dihydrotestosterone, concentration from pubertal stage 1 to 3, and plateaued thereafter. The boys showed marked increment in the concentration of this steroid throughout development, although less pronounced as that seen for testosterone. Plasma estrogens correlated better with the clinical evaluation of sexual maturation than with chronological ages in the girls. Similarly, the boys showed better relationship between the androgens and maturational stages than with chronological age. The girls also demonstrated a steep increment in the SDs for the estrogen values with sexual maturation (at stages 3 and 4, the SDs for estrone and estradiol were 0.26 and 0.80 respectively, at stage 5 they were 0.82 and 1.49 respectively) reflecting perhaps the onset of cyclic activity. When the estrogen values were related to the androgen values, the boys demonstrated a high association (r equals 0.78). This correlation was absent in the girls. PMID- 1127075 TI - Suppression of renin and aldosterone by small amounts of DOCA in normal man. AB - Previous investigators have suggested that low renin hypertension may be due to an unknown mineralocorticoid. This investigation was designed to simulate the effect of an unknown mineralocorticoid by administration of small amounts of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) in three normal subjects. The response of 2-h upright plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PA), and urinary aldosterone excretion (UA), as well as extracellular fluid volume, (ECFV) was determined on a high and low salt diet before and during the administration of DOCA for 13 days. After 9 days of DOCA, ECFV increased approximately 2 liters and PRA decreased to levels found in our patients with LRH. PA and UA decreased appropriately as PRA was suppressed. We would expect an unknown mineralocorticoid to have similar effects on the reninangiotension-aldosterone system. Thus, these results would suggest that in LRH the normal levels of PA and UA are inappropriately elevated in relation to the low PRA. PMID- 1127076 TI - Spontaneous remission of Cushing's syndrome in a patient with an adrenal adenoma. AB - A 23-yr-old male student presented with clinical and biochemical evidence of Cushing's syndrome. One month later, his elevated plasma and urinary adrenal steroids had returned to normal. At surgery, an adrenal adenoma was removed from his right side. We postulate that he either underwent a temporary spontaneous remission of his disease without treatment, prior to surgery, or that his adenoma secreted glucocorticoids in a cyclical fashion. PMID- 1127077 TI - A diphasic pattern of gonadotropin secretion in patients with the syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis. AB - Cross sectional and longitudinal studies of plasma FSH and LH in 58 patients, age 2 days of 20 yr, with the syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis show a diphasic pattern of gonadotropin secretion. The mean basal plasma FSH level is 43 plus or minus 7 (SE) ng/ml (LER-869) in patients from 2 days to 4 yr, which is strikingly elevated. Thereafter, a decline in plasma FSH to a mean level of 4 plus or minus 0.7 (SE) ng/ml occurs between 4 and 10 yr, followed by a rise after 10 yr to 61 plus or minus 4 (SE) ng/ml. The pattern of LH (LER-960) secretion is qualitatively similar to that of FSH, although quantitatively the values for LH are 1/3 to 1/10 those for FSH. The similarity of pattern of gonadotropin secretion observed between patients with gonadal dysgenesis and normal children suggests that gonadal function does not play a decisive role in the pattern of gonadotropin secretion from infancy through adolescence, but exercises striking effects on the quantity of gonadotropin secreted. PMID- 1127078 TI - Formation of 6-hydroxylated progesterone in the human placenta and response to hCG. AB - The in vitro metabolism of 7alpha-3-H-pregnenolone by five term human placentas obtained from repeat cesarean section was studied. Incubations were carried out either with minced tissue for 1 h or by organ culture for 6 h and 24 h. Twenty one experiments were performed to determine the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), and heat-inactivated hCG on the metabolism of pregnenolone. The major radioactive product was progesterone (40-60%); unchanged pregnenolone accounted for only 5-15% of the radioactivity. 3 H-6beta-OH-progesterone was found and rigorously identified. In control experiments 6beta-OH-progesterone was 2-4% of the radioactivity. In the presence of hCG there was a significant (P smaller than 0.005) 2-3-fold increase of 3-H 6beta-OH-progesterone in the 1-h mince incubations and the 24-h organ cultures. There was no increase of 3-H-6beta-OH-progesterone over control values with hCG after 6-h organ cultures; with heat-inactivated hCG; or with hPL. These findings provide additional data that hCG affects steroid metabolism in the human placenta. In addition, 3-H-6alpha-OH-progesterone was found and rigorously identified in yields of approximately 0.5-1%. The effect of hCG on 6alpha hydroxylation was not determined. This appears to be the first demonstration of 6alpha-hydroxylation of C21 steroids by human tissue. PMID- 1127079 TI - Stable reduction of plasma growth hormone (hGH) levels during chronic administration of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) in acromegalic patients. AB - In 7 acromegalic patients in whom plasma hGH concentrations had dropped acutely after a single dose of 2-B r-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154, 2.5 mg orally) chronic CB-154 treatment (10 mg orally for 30 days) was also accompanied by a significant and stable reduction of hGH. Withdrawal of the drug was followed by a rapid return of hGH to pretreatment values. Reinstatement of oral CB-154 treatment resulted again in suppression of hGH levels measured 30 and 60 days later. In 5 patients, unresponsive to acute administration of CB-154, no appreciable variation in hGH levels was present after 30 days of treatment. These results suggest that 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine offers a new approach to the medical treatment of acromegaly. PMID- 1127080 TI - The stimulation of human prolactin secretion by 3-Iodo-L-tyrosine. AB - Oral administration of a single 1 g dose of MIT to 10 normal male and female subjects resulted in a rise in serum prolactin in each subject. The mean peak level of serum prolactin attained by the 10 subjects was 36.3 plus or minus 7.9 ng/ml which was highly significantly elevated (P smaller than 0.0005) above the mean basal level of 5.3 plus or minus 1.0 ng/ml. While there was no significant difference between the basal serum prolactin levels of male and female subjects, the mean peak level attained by male subjects following MIT (18.8 plus or minus 3.3 ng/ml) was significantly less (P smaller than 0.0025) than that recorded for the female group (62.5 plus or minus 9.1). Serum levels of growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol were not significantly altered following MIT administration. The complete absence of side effects due to MIT make it a suitable drug for the acute clinical assessment of pituitary prolactin reserve. PMID- 1127081 TI - Adrenal response to tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia in high altitude dwellers. AB - Adrenal response to tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia was studied in 23 normal men born and living at high altitude (Morococha, Peru, 4,540 m) and compared to 23 men born and living near sea level. Fasting blood sugar was significantly lower in the high altitude dwellers (HAD) and this difference persisted throughout the test period. The blood glucose decrement at 30 min was significantly less in the HAD. Plasma cortisol response was significantly higher at 30 and 60 min in the HAD. Peak cortisol level occurred earlier in the HAD than in men living at sea level. The absolute cortisol increment at 30 min was significantly greater in the HAD. PMID- 1127082 TI - Measurement of serum clogestone acetate (AY-11,440) by a radioreceptor assay: a practical approach to the quantitative determination of synthetic progestins. AB - A novel method is described for the measurement of nanogram quantities of clogestone acetate (3beta, 17alpha-dihydroxy-6-chloropregna-4,6-dien-20-one 3,17 diacetate) in serum:clogestone acetate (CgAc) is converted to chlormadinone acetate in the presence of wheat germ lipase and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The ketonic steroid formed is then incubated with rat uterine cytosol and 3-H progesterone. The concentration of 3CgAc is estimated from a standard curve derived by incubating cytosol with 3-H-progesterone and varying amounts of chlormadinone acetate. The statistically validated method has been used for the estimation of serum CgAc in humans and dogs given an oral dose of the steroid. The radioreceptor assay (RRA), has practical advantages over related techniques such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) especially with respect to the developmental work. This is the first time that a quantitative assay of a progestin by the tissue receptor approach has been described. PMID- 1127083 TI - Altered tissue response to glucagon in obesity. AB - The tissue response to exogenously administered glucagon was examined in 5 obese subjects (180 plus or minus 20 percent ideal body weight) and compared with the response in 5 normal weight controls (plus or minus 10 percent of ideal body weight). In all control subjects, glucagon (1 mug/kg) caused an increase in plasma free fatty acids and betahydroxybutyrate concentrations. In contrast, not only did the obese subjects fail to demonstrate a similar catabolic response, but 4 of the 5 obese subjects actually responded with a depression of plasma free fatty acid concentration and 3 of the 5, a decrease in betahydroxybutyrate. The potential mechanisms responsible for this defect are discussed, and it is suggested that the observation of an abnormal tissue response to a pharmacological stimulus warrants further investigation utilizing physiological lipolytic stimuli. PMID- 1127084 TI - Somatomedin activity in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Somatomedin activity has been demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 12 normal subjects and one patient with acromegaly. In all cases the concentration was lower in the CSF than in the corresponding serum, and a significant correlation was demonstrated between the somatomedin activity in the two body fluids (p smaller than 0.01). PMID- 1127085 TI - Hypercalcitoninemia in acute pancreatitis. AB - Calcitonin was measured in four patients with acute pancreatitis with hypocalcemia. A marked elevation of this hormone was noted in each case and persisted over several days. The peak level of calcitonin preceded the maximum fall in calcium. Among the various factors affecting calcium balance in pancreatitis, calcitonin probably plays an important role. PMID- 1127086 TI - Stimulation of aldosterone production by angiotensin II peptides in vitro: enhanced activity of the (1-sarcosine) analogue. AB - The biological activity of angiotensin agonists has been determined in a highly sensitive in vitro assay system, based upon aldosterone production by isolated dog adrenal cells. The responses to angiotensin II and the heptapeptide [Des-Asp 1]-angiotensin II are identical, while the [Des-Asp-1, Des-Arg-2]-hexapeptide and the [Des-Phe-8]-heptapeptide are almost completely inactive. By contrast, [Sar-1] angiotensin II, a potent agonist upon vascular smooth muscle, is also about 10 times more active than angiotensin II in stimulating the production of aldosterone by dog adrenal cells. The increased agonist activity of [Sar-1] angiotensin II is attributable to increased binding affinity as well as increased efficacy at the adrenal receptor site. These results also suggest that conversion to the [Des-Asp-1] heptapeptide is not an important intermediate step in the action of angiotensin II upon the zona glomerulosa. PMID- 1127087 TI - The effect of hypoglycemia on TSH release in man. AB - The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on TSH release was studied in 7 normal subjects (Group I), 5 patients with sellar enlargment, 1 patient with idiopathic panhypopituitarism (Group II-A) and 2 acromegalic patients (Group II-B). Serial measurements of TSH, GH and corrtisol, after a bolus of insulin (0.1 U/kg body weight), were made over a period of 120 min. The peak TSH value of 8.3 plus or minus 0.9 pU/ml (mean plus or minus SEM) did not differ statistically from the basal value of 6.0 plus or minus 1.3 pU/ml in Group I. GH levels, however, increased from 1.0 plus or minus 0.0 ng/ml to 28.1 plus or minus 4.3 ng/ml, which was highly significant (P less than 0.001). In contrast, Group II-A patients had an increase in serum TSH from 4.3 plus or minus 1.4 pU/ml to 28.6 plus or minus5.7 pU/ml (P less than 0.02). The peak GH levels of 4.0 plus or minus 1.7 ng/ml did not differ significantly from the basal value of 1.2 plus or minus ng/ml. In group II-B, the untreated acromegalic patient (G) did not show alterations in TSH levels consonant with the increase in GH from a basal value of 34.9 ng/ml to a peak of 46.9 ng/ml with the induction of hypoglycemia. In the treated acromegalic subject (H), basal GH increased from 7.8 ng/ml to 11.4 ng/ml with no significant changes in TSH. Serum cortisol levels in Groups I, II-A and II-B did not show consistent inverse relationship to circulating TSH. The observations in this study suggest that hypoglycemia may stimulate TSH release in certain pituitary disorders. Through GH release might play an inhibitory role on TSH secretion, the results suggest other unidentified factor(s). PMID- 1127088 TI - The effect of acute hypercalcemia on growth hormone release in man. AB - The growth hormone response to acute hypercalcemia was studied in 9 normal subjects. Growth hormone, calcium, glucose, phosphate and magnesium levels were determined at 30-min intervals during 4-h infusions. Infusions, performed in random order in the subjects, consisted of either normal saline at 3 ml/min for / h or 15 mg calcium/kg (calcium gluconate at 3 ml/min for 3 h followed by normal saline for the fourth hour. Significant hypercalcemia (P less than 0.05) was achieved within 60 min and maintained throughout the infusion. No change in calcium concentrations occurred during normal saline infusions, and phosphate, glucose and magnesium were unchanges in all studies. Growth hormone levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) at 60 min and all subsequent determinations during calcium infusion when compared to normal saline infusions. In 6 of the subjects, standard l-dopa provocative testing with an oral dose of 500 mg was preformed during normal saline and calcium infusions identical to those described above. Peak growth hormone responses did not differ significantly following l-dopa during saline or calcium infusion. These results suggest that an acute increase in circulating calcium promotes greater basal growth hormone secretion without a synergistic increase in hypothalamic mediated growth hormone release by l-dopa. PMID- 1127089 TI - Fetal protection against masculinization with hyperreactio luteinalis and virilization. AB - In a unique patient with secondary amenorrhea and hirsutism prior to pregnancy, lutein cysts with hyperreactio luteinalis enlarged the ovaries to a diameter of 25 cm during pregnancy. The purpose of the study was to explore the possibility that placental aromatization of androgens may be a metabolic barrier that offers protection against masculinization of a female fetus. Maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and lutein cyst fluid were analyzed for testosterone, progesterone and estradiol content. The cardinal clinical findings were marked maternal virilization but no fetal masculinization. At the time of delivery, massive ovarian production of testosterone and a large maternal-fetal testosterone gradient were found. The maternal arm vein testosterone level, 15,000 ng/dl, was about 100 times normal level, the material ovarian vein level was 51,800 ng/dl, while the cord blood level was only 465 ng/dl. At the same time there was an increase in fetal cord blood estradiol to 33 ng/ml, a 7-fold increase compared to normal cord levels. A protective mechanism for the fetus may exist when maternal androgens are markedly elevated due to a maternal endocrinopathy concurrent with pregnancy. Our data are compatible with the concept that placental aromatization of androgens may function as a metabolic barrier, thus offering protection to the fetus from excessive maternal androgens. Another facet of the protective mechanism may be increased fetal exposure to potent estrogens, which may buffer the influence of androgens reaching the fetus. PMID- 1127090 TI - Ultrastructure of the human mammary gland. II. Postpartum lactogenesis. AB - The history and fine structure of 7 human mammary glands were studied in the post partum. Widespread hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mammary acini were observed accompanied by dilatation and engorgement of the lumen by milk. Loose strands of connective tissue surrounding the mammary lobules and ductules contained dilated, engorged vascular channels. The lactogenic epithelial cells displayed rich cytoplasm containing prominent layering stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum closely related to the enlarged oval mitochondria, on occasion surrounding their entire circumference. Also noted were numerous ribosomes and polyribosomes. The markedly hypertrophied golgi apparatus revealed cisternae containing particulate electron dense material and vesicles with dense granules. The latter were frequently seen being discharged in the lumen devoid of limiting membrane. Abundant fat droplets were present in the basal and apical regions and "pinched off" into the lumen, apparently surrounded by a limiting membrane. The lactogenic cells were richly endowed with slender microvilli in their luminal pole and related to one another by cytoplasmic prolongations, desmosomes and tight junctions. The myoepithelium was stretched and thinned out toward the periphery of the acini between the lactogenic epithelium and the basement lamina. Abundant myofilaments were present in the myoepithelial cells. Pinocytotic vesicles were also present, although not very numerous, in both the lactogenic and the myoepithelial cells. In general the human mammary gland during lactopoiesis follows similar structural changes as those previously described in other mammals. PMID- 1127091 TI - Characterization of human growth hormone preparations used for the treatment of pituitary dwarfism: a comparison of concurrently used batches. AB - Twelve different human growth hormone preparations used concurrently for the treatment of pituitary dwarfism have been studied by gel filtration and radioimmunoassay for GH, FSH, LH and TSH. The GH content of the vials as stated by the manufacturer could be verified by radioimmunoassay in all but one preparation tht contained much less than indicated. All preparations which had been extracted from acetone-preserved glands by various methods were shown to contain large amounts of aggregated growth hormone. By contrast, preparations extraced from frozed pituitaries contained GH mainly in the native monomeric form. FSH, LH and TSH could be detected in all preparations. With the exception of one pre paration containing large amounts of all three glycoprotein hormones, the degree contamination of these hormones was moderate to low. No conclusion could be drawn from the content og glycoprotein hormones as to whether frozen glands or pitutiaries preserved in acetone were used as raw material. The advantage of using growth hormone prepared according to the Roos methods, or any modification of it starting from frozen glands, over preparations made from glands preserved in acetone is discussed. PMID- 1127092 TI - A nonchromatographic radioimmunoassay for 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. AB - A radioimmunoassay is described for the measurement of 17alpha hydroxyprogesterone in human plasma. We have employed the principle of "immunologic purification." 17-OHP and related steroids are bound to an excess of antiserum. Steroids with a low affinity for the antibody are extracted by ether. The 17-OHP is subsequently freed from antibody by acid hydrolysis and this extract is assayed by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 1127093 TI - Pituitary secretion of free alpha and beta subunit of human thyrotropin in patients with thyroid disorders. AB - Utilizing sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays, serum concentrations of human thyrotropin (hTSH), the immunologically common alpha subunit of the glycoprotein hormones, and the specific beta subunit of hTSH ( hTSH-beta) have been measured in normal individuals, in patients with primary hypothyroidism, and in patients with other disorders of thyroid function before and after intravenous administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). In 29 normal individuals hTSH-beta was not detectable in serum (smaller than 0.5 ng/ml) before or after TRH; alpha was smaller than 0.5-2.0 ng/ml in men and premenopausal women and 1.0 5.0 ng/ml in postmenopausal women and did not increase after TRH. In 20 patients with primary hypothyroidism mean serum hTSH-beta was 1.3 ng/ml and increased to a peak value of 3.7 ng/ml after TRH; mean alpha was 4.3 ng/ml and increased to 6.3 ng/ml after TRH. None of the patients with Graves' disease, a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule, or hypothyrotropic hypothyroidism had detectable serum hTSH-beta concentrations or alpha concentrations higher than the normals before or after TRH. In 3 patients with primary hypothyroidism given an intravenous bolus of labeled hTSH, no dissociation of hTSH into subunits was detectable for at least 3 h, indicating that the increment in serum alpha and hTSH-beta after TRH represented secretion of free subunits from the pituitary. In addition, L thyroxine (L-T4) administered to 2 hypothyroid patients decreased the serum concentrations of alpha and hTSH-beta before and after TRH. Serum hTSH-beta was fully suppressed with 100-300 mug L-T4 daily, but there was a residual serum alpha component, which could not be suppressed with thyroid hormone and probably represented alpha subunits arising from gonadotropin-secreting pituitary cells. Normal pituitary glands also contained a predominance of free alpha subunit relative to hTSH-beta, in addition to hTSH. The secretion of free subunits in hypothyroidism may represent only a quantitative difference from the normal state, and subunits of hTSH appear to respond to the same control mechanisms as complete hTSH. PMID- 1127094 TI - The influence of exogenous estrogen on the circadian periodicity of circulating prolactin in women. AB - Ethinylestradiol (400 pg/day) does not only stimulate prolactin release in normal cycling women but also modifies the pattern of the circadian periodicity of circulating prolactin: the nocurnal rise is of reduced amplitude but covers a larger part of the nyctohemeral period as compared to the situation during a control period in the same subjects. The values start rising long before sleep, i.e., -t 2 pm, under estrogen treatment and during sleep, i.e., at 4 am, during the control period. In both cases, however, the values remain high until 8 am and are minimal at 12 am. PMID- 1127095 TI - Elevtion of serum testosterone in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. AB - Serum testosterone levels were monitored in female subjects who received therapy with human gonadotropins of urinary origin (menotropins) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Serum testosterone levels were not elevated in those subjects who did not experience side effects with therapy (Group A); among the other 7 subjects (Group B) with either moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation, serum testoterone levels rose distinctly (range 1.4 minus 9.0 ng/ml). Total menotropin dosage and serum estradiol-17beta levels were higher in Group B than in Group A. Ovarian hyperstimulation and elevation of serum testosterone were not restricted to patients with the syndrome of polycystic ovaries. PMID- 1127096 TI - Metabolism of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. AB - Normal human leukocytes can degrade thyroid hormones in vitro especially during phagocytosis. To test whether the leukocyte system plays a significant role in hormone economy in vivo, studies of the metabolism of labeled T4 and T3 granulomatous disease, whose leukocytes had earlier been shown to have a reduced ability to degrade the thyroid hormones. Hormone turnover rates in the 3 subjects were similar to those reported for normal children by various investigarors. Also, normal ratios between fecal and urinary excretion of radioactivey were observed, suggested that deiodination was the major route of hormone breakdown, as it is in normal subjects. Our interpretations of these findings are: 1) an intact leukocyte hormone degrading system is not essential for normal rates of thyroid hormone metabolism in vivo; 2) the leukocyte defect in chronic granulomatous disease is not accompanied by a general defect in mechanism for thyroid hormone degradation in other tissues. PMID- 1127097 TI - Treatment of acromegaly with bromocryptine. AB - Four men and 4 women with active acromegaly were treated with bromocryptine for 4 to 5 weeks. Serum growth hormone levels response to a glucose load were measured before and in the last weed of treatment. In only 1 patient was the grwotoh hormone response rendered normal by the drug. This patient, but none of the others, also showed an improvement in glucose tolerance and a reductin of the raised serum insulin levels during the glucose load. In three of the 8 patients vomiting was troublesome side effect of treatment. PMID- 1127098 TI - Comparison of cylic and linear forms of somatostatin in the inhibiton of growth hormone, insulin and glucagon Secretion. AB - The relative potency of cyclic and linear somatostatin in their inhibitory action on GH, insulin and glucagon secretion was assessed in 7 normal adult men. Administration of linear or cyclic somatostatin as a single intravenous bolus (50 mug) resulted in a prompt and concomitant decline in both insulin and glucagon. While both peptides elicited a quantitatively similar suppression of glucagon secretion, the decline in basal insulin level was greater with the cyclic than with the linear preparation. Both the linear and cyclic form of somatostatin appears to be more potent in the inhibition of insulin than glucagon. No discernable change in plasma glucose and GH levels was observed. PMID- 1127099 TI - Control plasma renin activity and changes in sympathetic tone as determinants of minoxidil-induced increase in plasma renin activity. AB - A study was made of the possible mechanism(s) underlying minoxidil-induced increase in plasma renin activity (PRA). 10 patients with essential hypertension were treated with minoxidil and subsequently with a combination of minoxidil plus propranolol. Minoxidil lowered mean arterial pressure 31.6 plus or minus 3.3 mm Hg, mean plus or minus SEM. There was an associated increase in both PRA, 6.26 plus or minus 2.43 NG/ML/H, and heart rate, 21.4 plus or minus 2.7 beats/min. The changes in PRA and heart rate were positively correlated, r, 0.79. Addition of propranolol reduced mean arterial pressure by a further 10.1 plus or minus 1.5 mm Hg and returned heart rate to control levels. Propranolol reduced PRA significantly but not to control levels. Control PRA positively correlated with PRA on minoxidil, r, 0.97, and with PRA on minoxidil plus propranolol, r, 0.98. We conclude that control PRA is a major determinant of change in PRA with minoxidil. Minoxidil increased PRA by at least two mechanisms: (a) an adrenergic mechanism closely related to change in heart rate and blocked by propranolol, and (b) a mechanism(s) not sensitive to propranolol and possibly related to decrease in renal perfusion pressure. PMID- 1127100 TI - The influence of the extracellular fluid volume on the tubular reabsorption of uric acid. AB - Changes is tubular reabsorption of uric acid in response to alterations in the extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) were examined in rats by clearance studies and by direct intratubular microinjections. Contraction of the ECFV led to a rise in the serum uric acid concentration and a 47% decrease in the clearance of uric acid. The ratio of uric acid to inulin clearance also fell, indicating an increase in the net tubular reabsorption of urate. Volume expansion resulted in an increase in the urate clearance and a 37% decrease in the net tubular reabsorption of uric acid. To localize the site in the nephron where these changes occur, microinjections of [2-14C]urate were performed. The lack of conversion of radioactive urate to allantoin after microinjections was demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography. After contraction of the ECFV, urinary recoveries of uric acid were significantly decreased after microinjections into proximal tubular sites. In contrast, recoveries were increased from these proximal sites after volume expansion. No evidence for distral reabsorption was obtained in any group of animals. These studies demonstrate that net urate reabsorption is influenced by the state of hydration of the ECFV and that these alterations are mediated by changes in the rates of reabsorption in the proximal tubule. PMID- 1127101 TI - Determinants of glomerular filtration in experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat. AB - Pressures and flows were measured in surface glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, and proximal tubules of 22 Wistar rats in the early autologous phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN). Linear deposits of rabbit and rat IgG and C3 component of complement were demonstrated in glomerular capillary walls by immunofluorescence microscopy. Light microscopy revealed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, and proteinuria was present. Although whole kidney and single nephron glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in NSN (0.8 plus or minus 0.04 SE2 ml/min and 2 plus or minus 2 nl/min, respectively) remained unchanged from values in 16 weight-matched NORMAL HYDROPENIC control rats (0.8 plus or minus 0.08 and 28 plus or minus 2), important alterations in glomerular dynamics were noted. Mean transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (deltaP) averaged 41 plus or minus 1 mm Hg in NSN versus 32 plus or minus 1 in controls (P LESS THAN 0.005). Oncotic pressures at the afferent (piA) end of the glomerular capillary were similar in both groups ( 16 mm /g) but increased much less by the efferent end (piE) in NSN (to 29 plus or minus 1 mm Hg) than in controls (33 plus or minus 1, P less than 0.025). Hence, equality between deltaP and piE, denoting filtration pressure equilibrium, obtained in control but not in NSN rats. While glomerular plasma flow rate was slightly higher in NSN (88 plus or minus 8 nl/min) than in controls (76 plus or minus 6, P greater than 0.2), the failure to achieve filtration equilibrium in NSN rats was primarily the consequence of a marked fall in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient, Kf, to a mean value of 0.03 nl/(s times mm Hg), considerably lower than that found recently for the normal rat, 0.08 nl/(s times mm Hg). Thus, despite extensive glomerular injury, evidenced morphologically and by the low Kf, GFR remained normal. This maintenance of GFR resulted primarily from increases in deltaP, which tended to increase the net driving force for filtration, and thereby compensate for the reduction in Kf. PMID- 1127102 TI - The urinary concentrating defect in the Gunn strain of rat. Role of bilirubin. AB - The role of high serum and tissue levels of unconjegated bilirubin in the pathogenesis of the impaired urinary concentrating ability was investigated in homozygous (jj) Gunn rats with the congenital absence of hepatic glucuronyl transferase. Continuous phototherapy with blue fluorescent lights at a wave length of 460 nm or oral cholestyramine feeding or both reduced serum levels of unconjugated hilirubin to levels consistently below 3.0 mg/100 ml for several weeks in both weanling and adult jj Gunn rats. The renal concentrating defect was already present in weanling jj Gunn rats by 21 days of age. In treated weanling jj animals, maximum concentrating ability and the concentration of urea and nonurea solutes in the papilla and medulla, determined after 24 h of fluid deprivation, were normal when compared to unaffected heterozygous (Jj) littermates. Solute-free water reabsorption which is reduced in jaundiced jj Gunn rats was restored to normal in treated weanling jj rats. The tissue concentration of unconjugated bilirubin was reduced throughout the papilla and inner and outer medulla in the treated jj rats in comparison with untreated jj littermates. The defect in urinary concentrating ability was only partially reversible and sometimes irreversible in adult jj rats, probably because of permanent renal parenchymal damage occurring secondary to massive crystalline deposits in the papilla and medulla. It is concluded that unconjugated bilirubin is directly involved in the pathogenesis of the concentrating defect in jaundiced jj Gunn rats. PMID- 1127103 TI - Increased sensitivity to stimulation of acid secretion by pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer. AB - The effect of graded doses of pentagastrin (2.7-6,000 ng/kg times h) on gastric acid secretion was measured in 20 duodenal ulcer (DU) and 20 non-DU subjects. Confirming many previous studies, the mean observed highest response and the mean calculated maximal response were significantly greater in DU than in non-DU subjects. The mean dose (plus or minus SE) in ng/kg times h for half maximal response, calculated from responses corrected for basal secretion and normalized for maximal secretion, was 92.1 plus or minus 1.7 in DU and 246.8 plus or minus 24.6 in non-DU subjects, a significant difference. By parallel line bioassay non DU subjects required 2.8 times more pentagastrin (95% confidence limits 2.1-3.7) than DU highest response. Thus, this study shows that, compared with non-DU subjects, DU patients not only secrete more acid in response to stimulation by pentagastrin but also are more sensitive to stimulation by pentagastrin, that is, need smaller doses to achieve the same fraction of maximal response. PMID- 1127104 TI - The effects of age and liver disease on the disposition and elimination of diazepam in adult man. AB - This study investigates the separate effects of age and hepatocellular liver disease on the disposition and elimination of diazepam (Valium) in man. The drug was given either by rapid intravenous injection (0.1 mg/kg) or orally (10 mg) to 33 normal volunteers rnaging in age from 15 to 82 yr as well as to 9 individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis, 8 with acute viral hepatitis, and 4 with chronic active hepatitis. In the normal individuals, the terminal plasma half-life of diazepam, (t 1/2 (B)) exhibited a striking age-dependence; at 20 yr the t 1/2 (beta) was about 20 h, but it increased linearly with age to about 90 h at 80 yr. The plasma clearance of diazepam in the majority of the normal subjects was between 20 and 32 ml/min and showed no significant age-dependence. Cigarette smoking did not affect the half-life or the clearance. Additionally, neither the plasma binding (97.4 plus or minus 1.2%, mean plus or minus SD) nor the blood/plasma concentration ratio (0.58 plus or minus 0.16) of diazepam showed any age-related changes (P greater than 0.05). By contrast, analysis of the intravenous data according to a two-compartment open model indicated that both the initial distribution space (V1) and the volume of distribution at steady state [Vd(ss)] of diazepam increased linearly with age (P less than 0.005). The increase in Vd(ss) was secondary to the change in V1. It appears then that the prolongation of t 1/2 (beta) of diazepam with age is primarily dependent on an increase in the initial distribution volume of the drug. The plasma concentration/time course of the metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, was also affected by age. In older individuals, the initial presence and the peak values of desmethyldiazepam were observed later and the metabolite was present in lower concentrations. Despite the profound prolongation of t 1/2 (theta) with age, the constancy of diazepam clearance indicates that drug plasma concentrations will not accumulate any more in the old than the young, and chronic dosage more in the old than the young, and chronic dosage modifications based on pharmacokinetic considerations are unnecessary. Data obtained in patients with liver disease were compared with those found in age-matched control groups. Patients with cirrhosis showed a more than twofold prolongation in the half-life of diazepam (105.6 plus or minus 15.2 vs. 46.6 plus or minus 14.2 h, P less than 0.001). PMID- 1127105 TI - Immunoglobulins cytophilic for human lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. AB - The cytophilic activity of human myeloma proteins of different classes and subclasses for lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils was investigated. Binding of both unaggregated immunoglobulins (Ig) and Ig aggregated with rabbit F(ab)2 anti-Fab fragment sera was determined. Lymphocytes bound unaggregated IgG1 and IgG3 proteins, but none of the proteins of the other classes. In contrast, after aggregation, IgG of all subclasses and IgE proteins bound to lymphocytes; aggregated proteins of the other classes did not bind. Monocytes bound unaggregated IgG1 and Ig3 better than Ig4 whereas the binding of proteins of other classes was insignificant. Neutrophils bound unaggregated IgG1 and IgG3 proteins and, in addition, IgA1, IgA2, secretory IgA, and IgG4 proteins. After aggregation, the neutrophils bound more Ig of all classes; however, the differences between the amounts bound remained similar to the amounts of unaggregated proteins. The native structure of the Ig molecule is necessary for the maintenance of complete activity, because Fc fragments bound less than intact Ig, and reduction and alkylation abolished cytophilia. The Fc receptors on all cell types tested showed no specificity for any of the respective cytophilic IgG subclasses; however, neutrophils appear to have separate receptors for IgG and IgA proteins. PMID- 1127106 TI - The postnatal decline of hemoglobin F synthesis in normal full-term infants. AB - Studies were carried out during the 1st yr of life in normal infants born at term to determine the proportions of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) and adult hemoglobin (Hb A) being synthesized, in order to describe the complete switchover from Hb F to Hb A synthesis during postnatal life. 53 blood samples from 37 infants were incubated in an amino acid mixture containing [14C]leucine and chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex for separation of Hb F and Hb A fractions. The completeness of the CEAE-Sephadex separation of Hb A and Hb F at an age when the major portion of synthesis was of the adult type of hemoglobin was confirmed by globin chain chromatography with the use of carboxylmethyl cellulose. There was a rapid decline in Hb F synthesis postnatally until 16-20 wk of age when levels of 3.2% plus or minus SD 2.1% were reached. By combining this data with that previously published, the complete switchover from Hb F to Hb A synthesis can be described in humans in relation to postconceptional age. It follows a sigmoid curve; the steep portion, which lies between the 30th and 52nd postconceptional week, is preceded and follwoed by plateaus averaging 95% and 7% Hb F synthesis, respectively. PMID- 1127107 TI - The effect of urea infusion on the urinary concentrating mechanism in protein depleted rats. AB - To explore the role of urea in the urinary concentrating mechanism, the contents of vasa recta, Henle's descending limbs and collecting ducts were sampled by micropuncture of the renal papilla before and after infusion of urea in 10 protein-depleted rats. Eight protein-depleted rats not given urea were similarly studied as a control group. After urea administration, osmolality and the concentrations of urea and nonurea solute of urine from both exposed and contralateral kideny increased significantly. The osmolality and urea concentration of fluid from the end of Henle's descending limb and vasa recta plasma and the tubule fluid-to-plasma inulin ratio in the end-descending limb all increased significantly after urea infusion. We interpret these observations to indicate that urea enhances urinary concentration by increasing the abstraction of water from the juxtamedullary nephron (presumably the descending limb), in agreement with the prediction of recent passive models of the urinary concentrating mechanism. However, the concentration of urea in fluid from the descending limb after urea infusion was high (261 plus or minus 31 mM) and the difference in solium concentration between descending limb fluid and vasa recta was small and statistically insignificant. PMID- 1127108 TI - Hepatocellular uptake of taurocholate in the dog. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatocellular extraction of taurocholate and to determine the kinetic characteristics of the uptake process. The uptake of taurocholate by the liver of the intact dog was studied by the multiple-indicator dilution method. 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (a vascular indicator), 125I-labeled albumin (an extravascular reference), and [14C]taurocholate were injected into the portal vein. Different doses of unlabeled taurocholate were included in the injection mixture. Hepatic venous dilution curves were obtained. As a consequence of the hepatic uptake, the outflow recovery of [14C]taurocholate was much reduced when compared to that of albumin, but its recovery increased with increasing doses of taurocholate, suggesting a progressive saturation of the uptake process. The analysis of the dilution curves fitted a three-compartment model system well and no return of the extracted taurocholate to the extracellular space could be detected. The initial space of distribution of taurocholate was 1.22 plus or minus 0.12 (SD) times greater than that of albumin. Analysis of the data for uptake was consistent with Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The calculated initial maximal velocity of uptake (Vmax) was 4.53 mumol times s--1 times 100 g of liver--1 and the dose yielding half-maximal velocity (DK) was 7.11 mumol times 100 g of liver--1. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the uptake of taurocholate is carrier mediated. The maximal vilocity of uptake was about six times the known maximal capacity of biliary secretion of taurocholate in the dog. PMID- 1127109 TI - Observer error in histological assessment of marrow hypocellularity. AB - Observer error in the assessment of marrow hypocellularity was studied by examining histological sections from 37 mice having normal or reduced marrow cellularity and comparing the estimated cellularity with a previously measured value. For marrows or mild or moderately reduced cellularity the subjective estimate of cellularity was almost valueless both in terms of accuracy and reproducibility. Only severely hypocellular marrows, having a cellularity of less than 17% of normal, could be recognized as being abnormal with some degree of accuracy and reproducibility. PMID- 1127110 TI - Strains of Pseudomonas putrefaciens from clinical material. AB - Eight strains of Pseudomonas putrefaciens have been received from among 466 strains of Pseudomonas submitted to the Computer Trials Laboratory for identification over the last eight years. Two of the strains of P. putrefaciens from patients with otitis media and otitis externa respectively appear to have played a pathogenic role. The biochemical characteristics of these eight strains were compared with those of seven culture collection strains. PMID- 1127111 TI - The measurement of iron-binding capacity in serum and purified transferrin with the aid of chemical affinity chromatography. AB - In a mew method for the estimation of transferrin by iron-binding capacity iron is added as the tartrate in NaCl with about 10 mM bicarbonate. The excess iron is removed by passage through DEAE-Sephadex A-50 previously treated with the iron chelator disodium catechol-3,5-disulphonate. The iron remaining bound to transferrin is measured without protein precipitation by the use of ferrozine. The method is applicable to fresh, frozen, or lyophilized serum, purified transferrin, and some quality control preparations. Validation experiments confirm that transferrin in serum and in pure solution is saturated with iron and give some evidence of specificity. The possible use of commercially available transferrin preparations as analytical reference standards is discussed. PMID- 1127112 TI - Letter: SI units. PMID- 1127113 TI - Letter: The use of SI units. PMID- 1127114 TI - Problems in the introduction of SI units,. PMID- 1127115 TI - Computer card morphometry of jejunal biopsies in childhood coeliac disease. AB - The histological changes in 95 jejunal biopsy specimens from children have been analyzed by a new mporphometric technique. The microscope image of the specimen is traced directly onto computer data cards. A simple sketch records accurate quantitative data in a matrix of 840 points, retaining the spatial arrangement of the tissue components. The data are fed via an optical mark data card reader, into a mini-computer. FORTRAN IV programs allow calculation of surface area, villous heights, and component volumes in metric units, and of volume proportions, volume-to-volume ratios, and surface-to-volume ratios. Pictorial and numerical printouts are produced, which are suitable for inclusion in the patient's notes. Jejunal biopsies from 37 controls and 26 untreated coeliac patients were clearly distinguished morphometrically. Sixteen pairs of biopsies from coeliac patients on long-term gluten-free diets before, and 12 weeks after, the reintroduction of dietary gluten significantly reflected the effects of gluten challenge. Comparison of control and abnormal biopsies showed a spatial redistribution of the components, more than a change in their absolute amounts. There was no significant differences in the total epithelial volumes in controls, treated or untreated patients, suggesting that the mucosal lesion in coeliac disease is not a true atrophy. PMID- 1127116 TI - The predictive value of histometry of thyroid tissue in anticipating hypothyroidism after subtoatl thyroidectomy for primary thyrotoxicosis. AB - Thyroid tissue removed at partial thyroidectomy from primary thyrotoxicosis patients, after preparation for operation with carbimazole and Lugol's iodine, was studied with the histometric technique. In patients with little or no evidence of autoimmunity before operation, the chance of developing postoperative hypothyroidism was approximately 1 in 2 in those who had volume percentage of epithelium greater than 40, but only approximately 1 in 10 in those who had volume percentage of epithelium less than 40. This approach may ultimately prove of predictive value in a substantial proportion of patients for anticipating hypothyroidism after subtotal thyroidectomy for primary thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 1127117 TI - Hepatitis in clinical laboratories: a three-year survey. AB - In a survey of laboratories where members of the Association of Clinical Pathologists worked, hepatitis was reported from 5 percent of 244 in 1970, 7 percent of 215 in 1971, and 2 percent of 337 in 1972. Of the 36 laboratories reporting hepatitis, a modest excess tested specimens from haemodialysis, transplant, and haemophilia units and performed tests for HB Ag. The average annual attack rate for staff of all types was 111 per 100,000 with higher rates for biochemists (268 in science graduates and 204 in technicians) and medical haematologists (258). Tests for HB Ag were positive in 17 cases ans negative in 15; nine were untested. No case was fatal and only 10 of the 41 required admission to hospital. Fourteen had a history of contract with 'high-risk (haemodialysis) specimens' but the most frequently suspected source of infection was personal contact with jaundiced or HB Ag-positive individuals and only in three cases were laboratory accidents suggested as the suspected source of infection. The findings indicate a need for caution and sensible safety precautions but not for exaggerated alarm. PMID- 1127118 TI - Electron microscopy of serum of healthy hepatitis B antigen carriers. AB - The sera of 36 blood donors who are established HBsAg carriers were examined with the electron microscope. The findings were correlated with the histological and electronoptic appearances of the liver and the titre and subtype of the antigen. Antigen-antibody complexes could not be detected. Dane particles constituted 2 percent or more of the total particle count in five of the 36 sera, including three sera from five carriers with chronic aggressive hepatitis and two sera from 11 carriers with chronic persistent hepatitis. In sera from carriers with normal histology or the minimal histological lesion of focal parenchymal necrosis they were detected very infrequently or not at all. Three biopsies revealed intranuclear inclusions when examined electronoptically and the corresponding sera all contained greater than 2 percent Dane particles. Where greater than 2 percent Dane particles were seen the antigen titre tended to be high. The predominant subtype was ad. There was no correlation between the number of Dane particles and the antigen subtype nor between subtype and histology. PMID- 1127119 TI - ECHO 9 infection in pregnant women with suspected rubella. AB - Both rubella virus and Echovirus 9 (ECHO 9) were epidemic in Scotland during the summer of 1973; both viruses can cause a mild febrile illness with rash. Sera from 286 rubella-negative pregnant women were tested for neutralizing antibodies to ECHO 9 virus; 40 women had antibody titres suggestive of recent infection. Prospective studies on the outcome of these pregnancies are in progress but preliminary results suggest no connexion between fetal damage and ECHO 9 infection. PMID- 1127120 TI - Coagulase-negative staphylococci and micrococci in urinary tract infections. AB - One hundred catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, Gram-positive cocci isolated in significant numbers from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections, provisionally subdivided by their sensitivity to nonoviocin, were classified according to a slightly model version of Baird-Parker's schemes (1965 and 1972). It appeared that strains of Micrococcus were nearly all of sub-group 3, and that these were important pathogens of young women presenting with urinary infections in general practice. All such strains were resistant to novobiocin. Strains of staphylococcus were heterogeneous, and were found principally in infections arising in hospital, among older prople. Most staphylococci were sensitive to novobiocin. It is suggested that it is easy and sufficiently accurate to separate staphylococci and micrococci isolated from cases of urinary tract infection on the basis of their sensitivity or resistance to novo-biocin. The distinction is useful because of its therapeutic and epidemiological significance. PMID- 1127121 TI - Serological tests in the differentiation of staphylococcal and tuberculous bone disease. AB - The haemagglutination test for antileucocidin is frequently positive in cases of bone tuberculosis in the absence of obvious staphylococcal infection. This test is therefore of little practical use in the differentiation of staphylococcal and tuberculous bone disease, and its use has been discontinued at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. The antigamma haemolysin test in bone tuberculosis appears to give rise to few false positive results. Our observations confirm that the anti-alpha haemolysin and antigamma haemolysin tests used together reveal about 80 percent of cases of staphylococcal bone infection on first presentation or relapse. PMID- 1127122 TI - Bilateral adrenal medullary hyperplasia: a clinicopathological entity. AB - A 36-year-old white patient is described. He received treatment for hypertension and showed slightly increased excretion of 17-OHCS- and 17-ketosteroids but no increase in values for 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid in the urine. He was admitted to hospital for a myocardial infarction, which was found to be situated in the anterior wall. During his stay in hospital a sudden increase in blood pressure occurred, together with a typical attach of perspiration, loss of consciousness, and ventricular fibrillation. The assay by 3-methoxy-4 hydroxymandelic acid now showed markedly increased amounts. A phaeochromocytoma was thought to be the most probably diagnosis, but now withstanding therapy the patient died from cerebral lesions. At necropsy a recent anteroseptal myocardial infarction and some minor lesions were found but no tumour and notably no phaechromocytoma, neither in the adrenals nor elsewhere. Using Dobbie's morphometric technique, as described by Munro Neville (1969), changes in the adrenals were demonstrated, which were considered to represent primary adrenal medullary hyperplasia. Criteria for the diagnosis of this syndrome are discussed. Until now it had been presumed to be present in a number of cases but never convincingly demonstrated. PMID- 1127123 TI - Crosslink in bone collagen in Paget's disease. AB - The crosslink in bone collagen was analysed in specimens of bone obtained at necropsy from cases of Paget's disease and compared with normal bone collagen of the same age. The specimens were stored at -20 degrees C before analysis. The predominant crosslink in a normal bone collagen was hydroxylysinohydroxynorleucine (di OH-LNL) (F1), which was designated syndesine in the past; another fraction, hydroxylysinorleucine (HLNL) (F2), musch less prominent than di OH-LNL, was also noted in a normal bone collagen. Both fractions were reduced in bone tissue of advancing age. The peak corresponding to HLNL was considerably increased in Paget's disease. This abnormality was constantly seen in specimens of bone from cases of Paget's disease, but the significance of the finging could not be assessed from the present investigation. Calcitonin has been shown to produce complete remission in Paget's disease and the crosslink pattern was found to be normal in specimens examined froma calcitonin-treated patient. This shows that calcitonin has some effect on the metabolism of collagen and a normal crosslink in such a situation lends support to this idea. PMID- 1127124 TI - A new cause of haemolytic anaemia in the newborn. A description of an unstable fetal haemoglobin: F Poole, alpha2-G-gamma2 130 trptophan yeilds glycine. AB - In a newborn twin with haemolytic anaemia an unstable fetal haemoglobin was found to be the cause. The anaemia improved spontaneously with the disappearance of the fetal haemoglobin. The new Hb F (alpha2gamma2) variant was shown to have a glycine at position 130 of the 146 residues of the gamma chain. This portion is inside the globin molecule and in all known normal globins it is occupied by a residue with a bulky hydrophobic side chain. Its replacement by glycine which has no side chain would be expected to cause instability. The human gamma-chains may either have a glycine or an alanine at position 136. Evidence is brought forward to suggest that in the abnormal chain position 136 is occupied by glycine. PMID- 1127125 TI - Unusual megaloblastic anaemia wiht multinucleate erythroblasts: two cases with septicaemia and acute renal failure. AB - The case histories and blood pictures of two patients who had cardiac lesions, septicaemia, and renal failure and terminally developed a leucoerythroblastic anaemia with megloblastic features associated with multinucleate erythroblasts, are described. Though folate deficiency may have made a minor contribution to the blood abnormalities, it is considered that some other disturbance in erythropoiesis was responsible for the bizarre blood and bone marrow changes in these patients. Similar cases reported in the earlier literature are reviewed. PMID- 1127126 TI - Role of the clinical pharmacologist in teaching therapeutics. PMID- 1127127 TI - Endpoints of therapy: a vital concept in surveillance and drug records. PMID- 1127128 TI - The role of drug information centers in teaching therapeutics. PMID- 1127129 TI - The role of the laboratory in clinical toxicology and in the teaching of therapeutics. PMID- 1127130 TI - Therapeutics in the education of clinical pharmacists. PMID- 1127131 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of amikacin, a new aminoglycoside, against clinical bacterial isolates from children. AB - Four hundred and fifty-eight clinical bacterial isolates from a children's hospital were examined for antibiotic susceptibility to amikacin (BB-KS) in comparison with a number of other antibiotics by the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The wide spectrum of activity of amikacin against Gram-negative bacteria was confirmed; it included E. coli, Proteus species, Enterobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococci were highly sensitive, but other Gram-positive bacteria tested were resistant. A disk zone diameter of 10 mm effectively separated resistant form sensitive bacteria in a standard disk diffusion test. PMID- 1127133 TI - Potential problem in digoxin therapy due to variation in recommended dosage regimens. PMID- 1127132 TI - The effect of pharmacologic doses of steroids on atrioventricular conduction in man. AB - His bundle electrograms were performed in ten patients with organic heart disease. Recordings were made at various rates using right atrial pacing. Two grams of methylprednisolone were infused intravenously over a 20-minute period. The PI-A, A-H, H-Q, and H-S intervals were obtained before and up to 1 hour after the infusion of the steroid. The maximum effect was seen at 1 hour. All patients showed a significant prolongation in the A-H interval with negligible effects on other intervals. At the atrial pacing rate of 120 beats/minute, the average A-H interval increased from control of 119 milliseconds to 159 milliseconds after steroids (P smaller than 0.01). Second-degree heart block occurred at lower pacing rates after steroids in six patients as compared with the control state. The postsuppressive sinoatrial node recovery time was increased in seven cases after steroid infusion. Pharmacologic doses of steroids can impair conduction through the atrioventricular node. PMID- 1127134 TI - A naproxen symposium: introduction. PMID- 1127135 TI - Naproxen metabolism in man. AB - In summary, naproxen is an acidic, highly albumin-bound drug. After oral administration, it is promptly and fully absorbed. The mean half-life of the drug in man is 13 hours, close to ideal for twice-daily administration. The only metabolite detected in man is the 6-desmethyl compound. Both it and naproxen itself are excreted in the urine, primarily as conjugates. The kinetics of naproxen binding to serum albumin tend to limit attainable plasma levels. They increase little if the dose is increased beyond 500 mg twice daily, since greater concentrations are rapidly cleared. Albumin binding and competitive displacement are also responsible for potential interactions of naproxen with drugs such as warfarin, sulfonylureas, and aspirin. Experience thus far does not indicate that any of the potential interactions are clinically meaningful. PMID- 1127136 TI - Clinical evaluation of d-2-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)propionic acid (naproxen) in rheumatic conditions. AB - A double-blind, crossover trial with 40 patients suffering from classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis was undertaken to obtain a clinical evaluation of naproxen in the disease. Each patient received either naproxen (500 mg/day) or placebo for 20 days and was then switched to the other compound for 20 days. For final evaluation, 22 cases were eliminated for various reasons, leaving 18 patients: seven cases of classical rheumatoid arthritis and 11 cases of definite rheumatoid arthritis. Optimum or very good efficacy of the active compound was present in 66.6 per cent of the cases versus 11.1 per cent of the placebo group. Doubtful or nil activity was observed in 66.6 per cent of the cases receiving placebo versus 16.6 per cent for naproxen. In addition, of the 22 cases that were eliminated from the final evaluation, but which were seen for the first ten-day follow-up visit while taking the active drug, optimum or very good efficacy was seen in 13. Therefore, this trial showed that naproxen achieved antiinflammatory and analgesic activity far superior to that observed with placebo. PMID- 1127137 TI - New approaches to trials of antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - While drug trials can be performed in different designs and sequences, the paramount consideration is careful definition of limited trial objectives such as efficacy, tolerance, and safety. Efficacy variables might include tests for analgesic effect, antiinflammatory activity, or specific antirheumatic action. Unless a drug has remarkable therapeutic effect, double-blind comparison with placebo or a standard reference drug such as aspirin is mandatory. Random assignment of patients to treatment groups must be assured and patients should not receive other antirheumatic drugs unless the trial is specifically designed to study drug interactions. Drug dosage poses a problem because average doses are usually employed. Compliance is monitored by several techniques including measurement of blood levels of test drugs in all study patients. Multicenter trials have several advantages: (1) averaging patient selection, (2) minimizing observer bias, (3) shortening time of trial by rapid entry of patients, (4) entering large number of patients, which can permit examination of "responders" versus "non-responders." Data analysis should employ proper statistical evaluations (nonparametric tests for nonnormally distributed variables). Duration of study period, trials to evaluate drug interactions, and variables used to measure drug effects will be discussed. PMID- 1127138 TI - Facial areas and emotional information. PMID- 1127139 TI - Anatomical evidence for cone and rod-like receptors in the gray squirrel, ground squirrel, and prairie dog retinas. AB - In the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), the prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), and the Mexican and 13-line ground squirrels (Citellus mexicanus and C. tridecemlineatus) there exist two distinct classes of photo-receptors that have cone-like and rod-like anatomical features respectively. These two receptor classes were previously known to exist in the gray squirrel, but only the cone like (C) receptor had been observed in the other species. We have now found small numbers of rod-like (R) receptors in the other species as well. R-receptors comprise about 40% of the receptors in the gray squirrel, 10% of the receptors in the prairie dog, and 4-5% of the receptors in the two species of ground squirrel. This paper describes certain light and electron microscopic features of these two receptor classes including their synaptic connections with second-order cells and with each other. We find that the C-receptor has a morphology and synaptic organization characteristic of other mammalian cones. However, the R-receptor differs from other mammalian rods in certain morphological respects, and its synaptic organization has both cone and rod characteristics as well as some unusual features. PMID- 1127140 TI - Electrophysiological evidence for rod-like receptors in the gray squirrel, ground squirrel and prairie dog retinas. AB - Spectral sensitivities of the gray squirrel, Mexican and 13-line ground squirrel and prairie dog were determined by electroretinography under both dark- and light adapted conditions. The dark-adapted spectral sensitivity function obtained from intact eyes of these species peaks between 515-525 nm; however, when corrected for lens absorption or recorded from the lensless eye, it peaks near 500 nm and closely matches in shape a rhodopsin nomogram curve (lambda max equals 502 nm). Upon light adaptation all these retinas become relatively more sensitive to long wave stimuli (i.e., they show a small Purkinje shift). The light-adapted spectral sensitivity function is broader than that obtained from the dark-adapted eye, especially toward the longer wavelengths. Weconclude that in all these species the dark-adapted spectral sensitivity is mediated by a single, rhodopsin-like photopigment and that light-adapted sensitivity is mediated by two (or more) photopigments. PMID- 1127141 TI - Nerve fiber hypertrophy in posterior tibial nerves of mice in response to voluntary running activity during aging. AB - Three-month-old male C57BL/10 mice were exercised by voluntary running activity in vertically revolving wheels for two hours each day until 24 months of age. Activity scores were recorded each day and the animals were regularly weighed and inspected for abnormalities. Control animals were similarly treated except that the activity wheels were immobilized. At the end of the exercise period, survival was 84% for the exercise group and 64% for the controls. Light microscopic examination of the posterior tibial nerve of the surviving animals showed a significant fiber hypertrophy in response to the exercise. The number of myelinated fibers in nerves from exercised animals did not differ from those of the controls. On the basis of these data, it is suggested that prolonged exercise does not prevent the loss of peripheral nerve fibers associated with age but rather, may exert an effect on the nervous system by modifying the surviving cells. PMID- 1127142 TI - Projections from the nucleus and tractus solitarius in the cat. AB - After lesions in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) in cats and kittens, the termination of degenerating fibers was localized using the Nauta and the Fink Heimer techniques. The distribution of degenerating fibers was compared with that seen after lesions of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus (DNV) and after section of the ninth and tenth cranial nerves. The projection from the NTS is to the nucleus ambiguus (A), the other divisions of the NTS including the medial NTS and the ventrolateral NTS, and DNV, the medial reticular formation ventral to the NTS (probably the paramedian reticular nucleus), the nucleus intercalatus (INC), and the intermediate nucleus (INT). The probable functional significance of projections from the NTS to these medullary nuclei is discussed in relation to pathways of cardiovascular reflexes. Of particular note is the projection to the INT which may be part of a descending pathway to spinal cardiovascular neurons in the intermediolateral horn. PMID- 1127143 TI - Behavioral and morphological evidence for binocular competition in the postnatal development of the dog's visual system. AB - Two normally-reared dogs and five dogs reared with monocular eyelid closure were studied. The two normal dogs and three of the deprived dogs were tested with a perimetry technique for the extent of behavioral visual field, and all of the dogs were studied histologically to determine the size of cell somata in the lateral geniculate nucleus. Behaviorally, the normal dogs saw with each eye approximately from 120 degrees ipsilateral to 30 degrees contralateral. The deprived dogs had a normal field of view for the non-deprived eye, but with the deprived eye they saw only in the monocular segment (i.e., approximately 120 degrees to 30 degrees ipsilateral). Histologically, geniculate cells in the monocular segment of deprived dogs were of normal size. In the deprived laminae of the binocular segment, however, cells averaged about two-thirds normal size, and in non-deprived laminae of this segment, neurons were hypertrophied. The hypertrophy was greater for cells in lamina A (40%) than for those in lamina A1 (17%). These data indicate that in monocularly deprived dogs, the monocular segment of the visual system develops normally, but the binocular segment does not. Therefore, we conclude that binocular competition operates in the developing dog's visual system much as it does in the cat's. PMID- 1127144 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of epiplexus macrophages (Kolmer cells) in the dog. AB - Young dogs (6-14 weeks) were perfused with buffered aldehydes by standard techniques. The inferior medullary velum and tela choroidea were removed intact from the fourth ventricle, post-osmicated, dehydrated, critical point dried, coated with palladium-gold and examined in a Cambridge Stereoscan S4 scanning electron microscope. Selected samples after thorough scanning were routinely prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This study depicts numerous epiplexus (Kolmer cell) macrophages that exhibit extreme polymorphism. Because of the pleomorphic nature of these cells and their processes, classification based on external morphology is not practical. TEM shows their internal structure to be that of a macrophage. Bleb-like structures and bulbous projections appear to emerge from certain ependymal cell surfaces which seem to be completely or partially devoid of cilia. PMID- 1127145 TI - Late ultrastructural changes in neuronal mitochondria after lonizing radiation of the brain. AB - Brain tissue was examined for morphological changes at 12 and 16 months after focal irradiation of the brain in female mice. Irradiation was performed with deuteron beams derived from the 60-inch Brookhaven cyclotron at a rate of 1925 rad second -minus 1 though an anti-Bragg device which produced uniform exposure. Experimental animals received a dose of 10,000 rad, covering a 9 by 5 mm area over the skull and extending into the brain from a depth of about 2 mm. An additional group of animals served as sham-irradiated controls. Histological studies revealed extensive cell loss, vacuolation, and prominent vascular changes in irradiated regions of the brain at 16 months post-irradiation. Ultrastructural examination of brain tissue at 12 and 16 months after irradiation revealed the presence of unusual elongated mitochondria with parallel arrays of cristae. Altered mitochondria were more prevalent at the longer post-irradiation interval. PMID- 1127146 TI - On the absence of a rubrothalamic projection in the monkey with observations on some ascending mesencephalic projections. AB - In order to determine whether there is a rubrothalamic projection in the rhesus monkey, the ascending degeneration resulting from electrolytic lesions made in the red nucleus and adjacent mesencephalon in animals surviving at least one year after bilateral interruption of the superior cerebellar peduncles (PCS) was studied by means of the Fink-Heimer technique. In a necessary preliminary step it was shown that virtually all of the degeneration disappeared from the thalamus within twelve months after PCS interruption so that degeneration resulting from the subsequent electrolytic mesencephalic lesions could be attributed to interruption of non-cerebellar ascending fibres. The results show that degeneration was present in the thalamus following the electrolyte mesencephalic diencephalic lesions but it could be accounted for on the basis of damage either to residual PCS fibres, to somatosensory pathways, to intrathalamic connections or to cell groups or projection fibres of the reticular formation, substantia nigra or globus pallidus. It is concluded that there is no direct rubrothalamic projection in the monkey and, in particular, no evidence of a projection from the red nucleus to the ventral lateral or ventral anterior thalamic nuclei. The results also indicate that the mesencephalic reticular formation is the main source of ascending afferents to the nucelus reticularis thalami. Some observations were made concerning nigrostriatal and nigrothalamic projections. Retrograde cell changes resulting from unilateral lesions made caudal to the red nucleus were studied in three animals. The observed cell changes are interpreted as being consistent with the conclusion that there is no rubrothalamic projection. PMID- 1127147 TI - Microautoradiographic study of the distribution of methylmercuric (203) chloride in the Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). PMID- 1127148 TI - Histopathology of acute hepatitis in the horse. PMID- 1127149 TI - Differentiation of rough field strains of Salmonella dublin from the part-rough vaccine strain HWS51. PMID- 1127150 TI - Pathogenesin of Trypanosoma brucei infection is sheep. I. Clinical signs. PMID- 1127151 TI - Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei infection in sheep. II. Cerebro-spinal fluid changes. PMID- 1127152 TI - Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei infection in sheep. III. Hypophysial and other endocrine lesions. PMID- 1127153 TI - Lipomatosis (fat necrosis) in cattle and pigs. PMID- 1127154 TI - The epithelial reaction in the healing of excised cutaneous wounds in the dog. PMID- 1127155 TI - The pathology of subacute and chronic methyl mercury poisoning of the Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). PMID- 1127156 TI - Effects of moderate heat and milk yield on plasma thyroxine in cattle. AB - The effects of milk yield (lactational intensity) and short (18 h) moderate heat exposure (30 C) on plasma thyroxine were studies in spring (March) and fall (October) in the University of Missouri dairy herd. Spring and fall thyroxine did not differ at thermoneutral temperature of 15 C. The relatively short moderate heat exposure had no effect within production groups either in the spring or fall sampling. As stage of lactation progressed, thyroxine also increased. The effect of stage of gestation was an elevation in the first trimester (compared to nonbred) that progressed into the second and third trimesters. In both spring and fall (15 C), the high production group (adjusted and unadjusted) had lower plasma thyroxine compared with middle and low production groups, while no difference in adjusted means was significant between middle and low production groups. Correlations were --.51 between plasma thyroxine and lactational intensity in both spring and fall. The short exposure to moderately high environmental temperature intensified the relationship of lowered plasma thyroxine in hibh producing cows, and thyroxine was negatively correlated (--.63 and --.64) with lactational intensity. Because total plasma thyroxine is inversely related to lactational intensity, studies are warranted to quantitate free hormonal concentrations and utilization by dairy cattle with varying productivity. PMID- 1127157 TI - Feeding and temperature changes in sheep following injections of barbiturates, Ca ++, or Mg-++ into the lateral, third, or fourth ventricle or cerebral aqueduct. AB - Eleven sheep were prepared with cannula guides directed toward four areas within the ventricular system to determine effective sites of action of chemicals which when injected into the cerebrospinal fluid produce changes in feeding behavior and temperature regulation. Pentobarbital, barbital, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride elicited feeding in sheep when injected into the third ventricle or into the cerebral aqueduct; however, feeding response was less after injections into the latter. Pentobarbital and magnesium chloride elicited an increase in body temperature when injected into the third ventricle but not when injected into the cerebral aqueduct. Perfusions (push-pull) of the lateral and third ventricles with calcium chloride and magnesium chloride solutions (50 mM) resulted in feeding while similar perfusions of the fourth ventricle resulted in no response. Responses to lateral and third ventricular injections presumably involved effects on both anterior and posterior hypothalamic areas while injections into the cerebral aqueduct, due to the caudal flux of the cerebrospinal fluid, may have affected primarily only the posterior hypothalamus and more caudal structures. The feeding response probably resulted from depression of neural fibers which inhibit feeding. PMID- 1127158 TI - Adverse effect of excess methionine or methionine hydroxy analog on feed consumption in cattle. AB - The toxicity of DL-methionine and methionine hydroxy analog infused into the rumen or abomasum was gauged by relative feed consumption. A continuous intraruminal infustion of at least 3 days' duration of DL-methionine equalent to about 2.5% or more of dietary dry matter intake was required to reach a toxic amount. This was approximately four times the amount necessary when it was infused into the abomasum. Methionine hydroxy analog equalent to about 1% or more of dietary dry matter intake was toxic when infused into either rumen or abomasum. This is in large excess of suggested amounts of analog supplementation. Reduced palatability is likely to occur in advance of reduced intake due to toxicity. PMID- 1127159 TI - Effect of thyroid status and thiocyanate on absorption and excretion of iodine by cattle. AB - Effects of throidectomy or iodine-131, thyroprotein feeding, and thiocyanate dosing on radioiodine metabolism in the bovine were studied in 34 animals. Two thyroidectomized calves excreted 44% more radioiodine in urine and 38% less in feces than two thyroid-tact calves. Oral thiocyanate increased urinary radioiodine 32% in throidectomized and 46% in intact calves while reducing fecal radioiodine 48% in throidectomize and 11% in intact calves. Urninary radioiodine clearance of two heifers was increased 52% by thiocyanate, but urine flow was not affected. Percentages of radioiodine doses cycled through the abomasum daily and recovered from digestive tracts at slaughter, respectively, were: 12 thyroid intact cows, 468 and 77; two intact cows fed 10 g sodium thiocyanate daily,64 and 41; 10 thyroid-damagedcows, 506 and 149; and four thyroid-damaged cows fed 8 g thyroprotein daily, 372 and 93. Thyroid damage had little effect on gastric radioiodine secretion but increased total digestive tract radioiodine because of greater volume of tract contents. Inhibition of gastric radioiodine secretion by thiocyanate reduced the digestive tract radioiodine pool. The digestive tract iodine pool may conserve iodine by reducing loss in urine. PMID- 1127160 TI - Modified fluorometric determination of vitamin A in milk. AB - A modified fluorometric procedure for determination of vitamin A in milk was developed to provide rapid analysis of large numbers to samples.. Saponification and a single extraction in a reaction vessel without transfer provided simplicity and standardization. Time and temperature of saponification and time of extraction were studied. Fifteen replicates of four different milks gave standard deviations of .71, .82, 1.26, and .71 on samples with 29, 26, 38, and 26 mug retinol per 100 ml. Recovery of added vitamin A in six amounts in two experiments gave ranges of recovery of 96.0 to104.0 and 95.2 to 105.3% with average recoveries of 100.0 and 99.9%. PMID- 1127161 TI - Detection of rapidly labeled phosphatidic acid in lactating mammary gland of the intact rat. AB - Within 10 min following intravenous injections of phosphorus-32 labeled phosphoric acid into lactating rats, an intensely labeled pool of phosphatidic acid could be demonstarated in the mammary tissue. This finding provides supporting evidence for existence of the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway of milk triglyceride synthesis in the intact animal. PMID- 1127162 TI - Pregastric esterase in milk sham fed to adult jersey steers. AB - Pregastric esterase activity was detected in reconstituted nonfat milk sham fed from a nipple pail to two 4-yr-old rumen-fistualted steers. Lipolytic activity, determined in a medium containing 5% tri-n-butyrin, averaged 8.6 plus or minus .4 lipase units. Further assays, in which activitiy was measured by free fatty acids released from a condensed milk substrate, averaged 166.9 plus or minus 9.2 mumol. These values are higher than those noted for young calves, indicating that secretion of pregastric esterase may persist in cattle beyond calfhood. Esterase activity in one of the steers fed whole milk until he was 2 yr of age showed no marked residual effect of earlier intake of milk fat. PMID- 1127163 TI - Orientation of cattle fetuses in utero in relation to stage of pregnancy. AB - The orientation in utero of cattle fetuses was studied in 494 pregnant cows (478 singly pregnany; 16 twin pregnant). Fetuses were in anterior presentation if the head was oriented toward the cervix and in posterior presentation if the head was oriented toward the uterotubal junction. Data were considered for 10 day stages of gestation (Day 40 to 170) and for 15 day stages (Day 171 to 280). Before 100 days and between 101 and 200 days of pregnancy the proportion of fetuses in anterior presentation approximated 50%. After 201 days of pregnancy 82.7% of fetuses were in anterior presentation, and orientation was different (x-2 equals 16.49:1 df) from random (50:50). After 216 days all fetuses were in anterior presentation. Data from twin pregnancies were too few to be conclusive, but no trends were dissimilar from those in singly pregnant cows. Anterior presentation of fetuses is assumed not later than 216 days of gestation in normal pregnancies. PMID- 1127164 TI - Evaluation of protein nutrition by metabolizable protein and urea fermentation potential. AB - Metabolizable protein and selected metabolizable amino acid requirements for lactating cows were described, and tentative values were established for differnt yields of milk.A new expression"urea fermentation potential of feeds," describes urea use in lactation rations for partial satisfaction of protein and amino acid requirements. Tentative urea fermentation values were established for the more common cattle feedstuffs. Four lactation rations were formulated with different fermentation values to illustrate the variable feeding value of urea in satisfying amino acid requirements at different yields of lactation. Urea had the highest feeding value in lower-protein rations when fed to cows with medium to low yields of milk.Conversely, urea, by the metabolizable protein system, had little or no feeding value in lactation rations having more than about12% protein on a dry matter basis or in rations supporting lactations in excess of 25 to 30 kg of milk per cow per day. PMID- 1127165 TI - Effect of gamma radiation on DDT resistance and DDT-dehydrochlorinase levels in Musca domestica. PMID- 1127166 TI - Mechanisms of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in Culex tarsalis. PMID- 1127167 TI - Feeding TH 6040 to chickens: effect on larval house flies in manure and determination of residues in eggs. PMID- 1127168 TI - A practical evaluation of TH6040 as a mosquito control agent in California. PMID- 1127169 TI - Two-channel listening to musical scales. PMID- 1127170 TI - Decision processes in frequency discrimination. PMID- 1127171 TI - Relations among temporal resolution, forward masking, and simultaneous masking. PMID- 1127172 TI - Factors in the discrimination of tonal patterns. I. Component frequency, temporal position, and silent intervals. PMID- 1127173 TI - Infant cry sound; developmental features. PMID- 1127174 TI - Cochlear neurons: frequency selectivity altered by conductance change in scala tympani. PMID- 1127175 TI - Effect of training on human underwater sound-localization. PMID- 1127176 TI - Comments on "Lateralization and the binaural masking-level difference" [G. B. Henning, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 1259-1263 (1974)]. PMID- 1127177 TI - Estimating CNC discrimination with spondee words. PMID- 1127178 TI - Interaural alternation, information load, and speech intelligibility. PMID- 1127180 TI - Editorials: Our priorities in 1975: a message from the president. PMID- 1127179 TI - Cetacean echolocation signals and a new model for the human glottal pulse. PMID- 1127181 TI - Can scoring influence athletic performance? Sex and the athlete. PMID- 1127182 TI - Cold injuries: frostbite and hypothermia. PMID- 1127183 TI - The social inhibition of micturition (paruresis): Sex similarities and differences. PMID- 1127185 TI - Environmental heat exposure and athletic competition. PMID- 1127184 TI - Biotelemetry for monitoring electrocardiograms during athletic events and stress tests. PMID- 1127186 TI - Soft tissue injuries. PMID- 1127187 TI - The effect of alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) and pyridoxine HCL (vitamin B6) on the swimming endurance of trained swimmers. PMID- 1127188 TI - Pancreatic injury in intercollegiate football. PMID- 1127189 TI - College health education--autonomy now. PMID- 1127190 TI - Infectious mononucleosis: immunization-identification. PMID- 1127191 TI - Strategies for delivering human services to college students in a student participant program. PMID- 1127192 TI - Osteitis pubis in an athlete. PMID- 1127193 TI - The doctors dilemma, is the I.U.D. the solution or a problem? PMID- 1127195 TI - An analysis of prescribing patterns amongst physicians in a university health service. PMID- 1127194 TI - Guidelines for tuberculosis control in colleges. PMID- 1127196 TI - Psychophysiologic disorders of micturition. PMID- 1127197 TI - Triiodothyronine turnover in hospitalized psychogeriatric patients. AB - In a group of 12 hospitalized psychogeriatric patients, the fractional triiodothyronine (T3) turnover rate was significantly higher than in healthy control subjects of the same age, whereas the thyroxine (T4) turnover rate and other aspects of pituitary-thyroid function were virtually similar in both groups. Despite the presence of manifestations of sympathetic overactivity or hypermetabolism, the patients did not have true hyperthyroidism, as verified by the laboratory findings and the results of antithyroid treatment. The increases T3 turnover in aged hospitalized patients with brain disorders may be a compensatory mechanism which develops under these particular circumstances in order to maintain neurohormonal homeostasis. An alternate possibility is that the increased T3 turnover is secondary to hyperkinesis. PMID- 1127198 TI - Improvement of physical function after stroke: surgical and orthotic management. AB - Initial and subsequent programs for the orthotic and surgical management of the post-stroke patient are outlined, particularly with regard to impairmant of the lower extremities in hemiplegic patients. New developmentsin functional electrical stimulation are described. PMID- 1127199 TI - Communication for the aphasic stroke patient: assessment and therapy. AB - Loss of communicative ability is one of the most devastating handicaps associated with stroke. The goals of therapy require continuous adjustment. Early ambulation facilitates breathing, chewing and swallowing, which are important factors in voice control. Hearing and vision should also receive concentrated attention. Formal speech therapy should begin when the patient shows an interest in regaining speech. Even before that, however, family members and friends can be of great help in laying the foundation for a good prognosis. PMID- 1127200 TI - Changes in elderly welfare hotel residents during a one-year period. AB - After a one-year interval, a structured interview designed to assess the quality of life was again conducted with most of the tenants in a single-room occupancy hotel in New York City. Comparisons was made between the two sets of findings. During the year, a program had been in effect to provide social, psychiatric, recreational, medical and other services to all the tenants at the hotel. Of the original 181 interviewees, 100 completed the second interview. Statistically significant changes occurred in 9 of the 35 variables assessed for the one-year period. There was significant improvement in the self-care index, but some negative mood changes were also found. The subgroup of identified alcholics showed the most positive improvements of any of the subgroups. PMID- 1127201 TI - Day care services: an alternative to institutional care. AB - The day care program at St. Camillus Nursing Home in Syracuse, New York is described. The growth rate of the program,, the observed benefits to the participants, and acceptance by their family members indicate its value to the community. The admission criteria are well defined and non-restrictive, and there is a wide scope of services. However, a greater number of participants and expansion of the services would be feasible if Medicare patients could be included in the program besides the present Medicaid and private physician referrals. Such reimbursement should be provided for the sake of participants and their families, as well as for the economics of the total health structure. This would open the doors for day care programs in many other communities across the nation. PMID- 1127203 TI - Pills, prunes and perils. PMID- 1127202 TI - Auditory and visual memory losses in aging populations. AB - Seventy-four men and women (age range, 44-77 years) were tested for short-term auditory and visual memory as part of a larger series of memory and cognitive function tests. All test scores for visual memory, including facial photograph recognition when a sequence requirement was adhered to, showed a significant decline (p smaller than .05) in a comparison of subjects aged 44-54 and subjects aged 55-64. This decline was not observed with the two tests of auditory memory. Thus the data indicate that short-term visual memory may be more susceptible to aging than is auditory memory. PMID- 1127204 TI - The role of the APhA Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences in the profession. PMID- 1127205 TI - National high blood pressure month. PMID- 1127206 TI - Recommendations of the National Pharmacy Symposium on High Blood Pressure. PMID- 1127207 TI - Patient noncompliance. PMID- 1127208 TI - Patient compliance with prescription medication regimens. PMID- 1127209 TI - Flow charts as adjuncts to symptomatic screening. PMID- 1127210 TI - Future of drug compendia. PMID- 1127211 TI - Ulcreative colitis. PMID- 1127212 TI - Child abuse--what the pharmacist should know. PMID- 1127213 TI - Morphology and development of Philometra cylindracea (Ward and Magath, 1916) (Nematoda: Philometridae). AB - A description of the male and a redescription of the female of philometra cylindracea, a parasite of yellow perch (Perca flavescens), are presented. Philometra cylindracea has a one-year development cycle starting as infective larvae in June and becoming mature, larvigerous worms at the end of next June. Cyclops vernalis was found to be a suitable intermediate host under experimental conditions; PMID- 1127214 TI - Studies on Brugia pahangi 9. The longevity of microfilariae transfused from cat to cat. AB - Microfilariae in whole uncentrifuged cat blood were transfused from infected to normal cats. The recipient cats were bled frequently and the life-span of the microfilariae in the peripheral circulation was determined; The life-span on microfilariae in different cats was ver variable. Microfilariae were detected fro 2-136 days after inoculation. In immunized cats microfilariae could not be detected 18 hours after inoculation. Any attempt to concentrate or clean the microfilariae caused them to disappear from the circulation more quickly. PMID- 1127215 TI - A new technique for the study of changes in lymphatics caused by filarial worms. PMID- 1127216 TI - Studies on Onchocerca cervicalis Railliet and Henry 1910: V. The development of Onchocerca cervicalis larvae in the vectors. AB - Colonies of Culicoides nubeculosus and C; variipennis were established at Winches Farm Field Station, St. Abans. Both species of midge were found to be susceptible to infection with Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae. Infection was achieved either by engorging through a chick skin membrane on a suspension of microfilariae in blood, or by feeding upon a horse naturally infected with O. cervicalis microfilariae. A large proportion of the microfilariae ingested by the midges penetrated into the haemocoel and migrated first to the thoracic flight muscles and then to the head. Larval development occurred during migration and 3rd stage (infective) larvae of O. cervicalis reached the head of infected midges (kept at 23 degrees C.) 14-15 days after engorgement. PMID- 1127217 TI - Records of anoplocephaline cestodes from wild rabbits and hares collected throughout Great Britain. AB - Four species of anoplocephaline cestodes were found in wild rabbits collected throughout Britain in 1962 and 1972, i.e; since the great reduction in rabbit numbers following the introduction of myxomatosis, in 1953. They were Cittotaenia pectinata (Goeze, 1782), C. denticulata (Rudolphi, 1804), C. ctenoides (Rhiehm, 1881) and Andrya cuniculi (Blanchard 1891). C. pectinata and C. denticulata were relatively common with a respective prevalence of 25% and 8% in two samples totalling 442 rabbits and were widely distributed throughout Britain. C. ctenoides was rate and only recorded from seven localities, although these were spread throughout Britain A. cuniculi was also rate being known from four counties in England and five islands off southern England and Wales. C. pectinata was the only species found in hares and its prevalence was low at 6%. The records are shown plotted on to 10 km square distribution maps. PMID- 1127218 TI - Studies on filariasis. IV. The rate of escape of the third-stage larvae of Brugia pahangi from the mouthpart of Aedes togoi during the blood meal. AB - The rate of escape of the third-stage larvae of Brugia pahangi from Aedes togoi which were allowed to probe on a cat and a mouse at time intervals of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 seconds was studied. The rate of escape of third-stage larvae at all time intervals was greater during probing on the cat than on the mouse, and was in a logarithmic linear relation to the length of probing time by the mosquito host. The greatest loss (91.35%) of third-stage larvae was in mosquitoes which fed on a cat until fully gorged. There was a remarkable rate of escape (57.41%) within 5 seconds. This striking rate of escape of third-stage larvae may have important implications on filariasis transmission. Most larvae migrated towards the proboscis and head of mosquitoes during these feeding periods. Nearly equal numbers of third-stage larvae escaped from mosquitoes which fed to repletion for more than 60 seconds on a mouse and from those which probed fro more than 60 seconds on the same mouse but did not engorge. This confirmed our view that filling up of the stomach with blood does not constitute the single factor in causing the release of third-stage larvae from the mosquito host. PMID- 1127219 TI - Application of immunoperoxidase techniques to localize horseradish peroxidase tracer in the central nervous system. AB - Immunoperoxidase techniques are presented which can be used to localize horseradish peroxidase-tracer in paraffin-embedded tissues of the central nervous system. Compared to histochemical methods using frozen sections, these immunologic techniques allow the use of stored, serial paraffin sections, and appear more sensitive for the demonstration of intraneuronal horseradish peroxidase after retrograde transport. The immunoperoxidase bridge techniques from reaction products of high quality which can easily be seen in fine processes. PMID- 1127220 TI - Letter to the editor: A method for the fine structural localization of acid phosphatase activity using rho-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. PMID- 1127221 TI - Evaluation of silicon and germanium retention in rat tissues and diatoms during cell and organelle preparation for electron probe microanalysis. AB - Chemical, radiochemical and x-ray microanalysis assays were used to define parameters of silicon (Si) retention during preparation og biologic samples (rat liver, spleen, kidney, lung, diatoms and cell organelles) for x-ray microanalysis, Due to its longer half-life 68-Fe was used in some cases to trace SI. Leaching of Si from cells and organelles by the aqueous preparation media was overcome by use of the freeze-substitution process. Cells were treated with 30% glycerol hypertonic sucrose medium to reduce ice damage. Embedment in Spurr's low viscosity epoxy resin medium caused no apparent Si loss. A semiquantitative evaluation showed 0.5 x 10-8 to 0.3 x 10-17 g detectable Si in isolated rat liver mitochondria in thin sections, which is within the instrument's range of detection. This study indicateds that the presence of Si in the mitochondria is not the rsult of contamination. PMID- 1127222 TI - Centrifugal cytology. III. The utilization of centrifugal cytology for the preparation of fixed stained dispersions of cells separated by bovine serum albumin bouyant density centrifugation. AB - This paper describes the modification of Centrifugal Cytology for the preparation of permanent, fixed, stained dispensions for both light and scanning electron microscopy of cells which have been isolated on bovine serum albumin (BSA) boyant density gradients. The principal problem with BSA gradient fractions is that the albumin which is present even after dilution is precipitated by the glutaraldehyde fixative. This problem has been solved by the layering of an intermediate D2O solution under the BSA and subsequent removal of the BSA solution and the underlaying with D2O containing glutaraldehyde. A special layering machine facilitates and expedites these operations. This technique has also been applied to BSA-seperated guinea pig and chicken bone marrow cells, as well as Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, hen and human blood cells. The number of celll present in each area of the slide is maintained at a constant value by utlizing a table of dilution factors. This table was generated by a computer program which calculates the concentration of cells present in the rractions and divides it by the number of celll desired. PMID- 1127223 TI - Buoyant density separation of cells. I. The buoyant distribution of guinea pig bone marrow cells. AB - Guinea pig bone marrow cells were separated by buoyant density utilizing linear gradients of bovine serum albumin (BSA). It has finally become possible to characterize the cells present in the density fractions in terms of classical morphology. The development of the Cell Type computer program which calculates the percentages of the individual types of cells present in the fractions and their buoyant density distributions and plots the data has greatly facilitated and improved the accuracy of these studies. Approximately 40 cell types were observed in guinea pig bone marrow. Cells with definitive morphologies such as erythrocytes, the neutrophilic series, the binucleate blast megakaryocyte precursor and cells in mitosis band as virtually single peaks. Cells which are parts of continua or can easily be wrongly classified are found in multiple peaks. The small lymphocytes which are known to be polydisperse are found as five peaks. Because of the very strong benzidine staining by the glutaraldehyde-fixed hemoglobin, some of the erythroblasts were wrongly staged, resulting in a multimodal distribution. The presence of macrocytes further complicated these distributions. The rule that the younger cells are always less dense than the mature cells was adhered to in those cases where the cells could be definitively characterized, such as the neutrophilic series and the blasts. These results indicate that morphology is a good first approximation of reality. PMID- 1127224 TI - Letter: The in vitro interaction of tumor cells and lymphocytes from dogs with spontaneous neoplasms. PMID- 1127225 TI - Genetic polymorphism of properdin factor B in the rhesus: evidence for single subunit structure in primates. AB - Properdin Factor B shows genetic polymorphism in the human and the polymorphic patterns in agarose gel electrophoresis suggest a tetrameric structure. Factor B polymorphism in the rhesus monkey has been demonstrated in the present study to be genetically determined and under the control of a single autosomal locus, rhesus Bf. Six codominant alleles, Bf-F, Bf-G-1, Bf-G-2, Bf-S-1, Bf-S-2 have been recognized and the first five have been shown to have gene frequencies of 0.307,0.160,0.016,0.377, and 0.139. The electrophoretic appearance of the polymorphic patterns does not suggest a tetrameric structure in the rhesus. Structural studies show purified human factor B to exist as a single subunit of molecular weight 94,000 daltons so that a tetrameric structure appears highly unlikely. PMID- 1127226 TI - Reversible restoration by thymosin of antigen-induced depression of spleen DNA synthesis in NZB mice. AB - Antigen-induced depression of spleen DNA synthesis was studied in NZB and CBA/J mice. This phenomenon, a measure of T suppressor cell activity, normally decreases as a consequence of aging. However, NZB mice have an accelerated loss of antigen-induced depression that can be restored by treatment with thymosin or injection of 1-month-old NZB thymocytes. The restoration by thymosin declined between 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, but could be induced again after a second exposure to thymosin. These results suggest a potential for reversible but repeatable restoration of suppressor cell activity in NZB mice. PMID- 1127227 TI - The structure and function of immunoglobulin domains. II. The importance of interchain disulfide bonds and the possible role of molecular flexibility in the interaction between immunoglobulin G and complement. AB - The observation that reduction of the inter-chain disulfides in rabbit antibody destroys its ability to interact with complement was confirmed and shown to be true also of human meyloma IgG1 subclass proteins. In the latter case a C1 binding assay was used. Further studies indicated that it was the interheavy chain disulfides which were essential for complement-binding activity: Non covalently reassembled IgG (LHHL) was devoid of C1-fixing activity whereas molecules formed from covalently linked heavy chain dimers, and reduced and alkylated light chains (ie., LH-HL) were as active as the parent intact IgG. Fc fragments from IgG1 bound C1 and this activity was insensitive to the presence or absence of intact interchain disulfides. These bonds therefore are neither directly involved in C1 binding nor essential for the integrity of the binding site. We have also shown that although IgG4 does not bind C1, Fc fragments derived from this subclass fix C1 with an affinity comparable to that of the corresponding fragment from IgG1. These data suggest that quaternary interaction with other regions of the molecule (ie., Fab) may modulate the activity of the C1 binding site. PMID- 1127228 TI - IgE antibody-specific abrogation of an established immune response in mice by modified antigens. AB - DBA/1 mice were immunized with low doses of ovalbumin and alumina gel to elicit an IgE response which could be augmented upon reimmunization. Treatment of IgE producing mice with high doses of chemically modified ovalbumin preparations markedly reduced or eliminated the ability of the mice to respond to subsequent reimmunizations with low doses of ovalbumin. It was found that the primary structural requirement for efficacy of the modified ovalbumins was reduced antigenicity to prevent the anaphylactic demise of the animals. Cumulative doses of 0.5 mg or more given in several increments, i.v., afforded optimal protection. The protection was antigen-specific and persisted for 2 to 3 months regardless of intervening exposures of the animals to low doses of antigen. It could be extended by further courses of treatment. There was no correlation between the levels of circulating hemagglutinating or total antibody and the induction of unresponsiveness. Nor was the passive administration of antibody able to approximate the effects of the modified antigens. It is suggested that the induction of the IgE class specific unresponsiveness in responding animals may take p;ace via effects on T cells. PMID- 1127229 TI - Receptors for immunoglobulin and complement on human alveolar macrophages. AB - Specific cell membrane surface receptors for immunoglobulin and complement components were identified by rosette formation on in vitro cultured alveolar macrophages obtained from 24 humans and from rabbits. Respiratory macrophages have easily identified receptors for IgG and the C3b fragment of the third component of complement. A macrophage receptor for the C3d fragment was detected only when purified human complement components were used to form erythrocyte antibody-C3 immune complexes but was not detected when whole human serum was used as the source of complement. No IgM cell receptor was identified. Thus, with respect to membrane receptors, alveolar macrophages resemble peripheral blood monocytes. These studies in addition emphasize the importance of using a variety of immune reagents, especially the use of human reagents, to determine correctly these cell receptors. PMID- 1127230 TI - Development and inhibition of cytotoxic antibody against spontaneous murine breast cancer. AB - Increased cytolytic activity of mouse complement as a result of modified reaction conditions described permitted the detection of tumor-specific cytotoxic antibody in high dilutions of sera (1:100--1:000) from mice carrying spontaneously occuring autochthonous breast tumors, or primary syngeneic transplants of such tumors. However, these same sera failed to demonstrate cytotoxic antibody activity at low dilution (i.e., 1:10). Such a pattern of reactivity suggested the presence of an inhibitor of cytotoxic antibody in high concentrations of serum from tumor-bearing mice. Sequential measurements subsequent to primary tumor implantation revealed that, although the time of appearance of this inhibitor varied from tumor to tumor, it always became detectable simultaneously with significant levels of lymphocyte-blocking activity. Also like lymphocyte-blocking activity, the inhibitor of cytotoxic antibody disappeared following surgical tumor removal. In addition, the inhibitor of cytotoxic antibody activity was shown to operate through a competitive antigen-binding and blocking mechanism. This data suggests the possibility that a single serum moiety may be responsible for the efferent blocking of both the cellular and the humoral components of the immune tumor rejection response. PMID- 1127231 TI - A second look at dissecting aneurysms of the thoracic aorta and chronic aneurysms due to cystic medial necrosis. PMID- 1127232 TI - Angina pectoris with normal coronary arteriograms. PMID- 1127233 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Atrial fibrillation. PMID- 1127234 TI - Operation Carlos--move St. Vincent hospital 10 miles--safely. PMID- 1127235 TI - Prophylactic bracing in pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy (preliminary report) Part I: Patient experience. PMID- 1127236 TI - Prophylactic bracing in pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy (preliminary report). Part II: The brace. PMID- 1127237 TI - Child abuse: its impact on society. PMID- 1127238 TI - Differential diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 1127239 TI - The meningitis problem in children. PMID- 1127241 TI - Ventricular echoes. PMID- 1127240 TI - Management of inguinal hernia and hydrocele in infants and children. PMID- 1127242 TI - Tax tips. PMID- 1127243 TI - Hyperlipoproteinemia in a clinic population--incidence in 2,500 unselected patients. PMID- 1127244 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Ventricular vulnerability. PMID- 1127245 TI - House enrolled act no. 14609. PMID- 1127246 TI - Disease prevention by immunization and chemoprophylaxia. PMID- 1127247 TI - Role of eyes, optic lobes, and pars intercerebralis in locomotory and stridulatory circadian rhythms of Teleogryllus commodus. PMID- 1127248 TI - 'Hunger' in the tsetse fly: the nutritional correlates of behaviour. PMID- 1127249 TI - Development of catabolic pathways in insect flight muscles. A comparative study. PMID- 1127250 TI - Changes in fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides of Musca domestica resulting from choline deficiency. PMID- 1127251 TI - Juvenile hormone-specific esterases in the haemolymph of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. PMID- 1127252 TI - Isolation and properties of Acheta accessory gland polysomes. PMID- 1127253 TI - Kinetics of absorption of toxin of Vibrio cholerae. AB - Autoradography of rabbit intestine exposed in vivo to purified tritiated toxin of Vibrio cholerae showed that pharmacologically important amounts of toxin can be rapidly absorbed despite the relatively large size of the toxin molecule and its affinity for binding to the brush border. Cholera toxin and tritiated nontoxic and tritiated nontoxic control substances of comparable size followed a similar time course in spreading down the surface of the villus, and with respect to the villus greater than crypt gradient of labeling of cytoplasm of the mucosal epithelial cells. Absorption of toxin or biologically active toxin fragments provides a mechanism whereby the basal and lateral areas of the cell, which are rich in adenyl cyclase, could participate in the hypersecretory process. PMID- 1127254 TI - Antibiotic combinations in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus infection. AB - A penicillin-sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus was used to evaluate the efficacy of six antibiotic combinations in the therapy of an experimental infection in mice. One hour after intraperitoneal infection, animals were treated with penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamcicin, or tobramycin singly or in various combinations of two of these drugs. Penicillin in combination with tobramycin, gentamicin, or ertyromycin significantly reduced mortality was compared with therapy with a single drug. Survival of animals treated with the combinations of penicillin and clindamycin, clindamycin and gentamicin, and erythromycin and gentamicin was not different from that seen with single-drug therapy. Pencillin plus either gentamicin or erythromycin significantly reduced the number of culturable organisms from livers and spleens of infected animals when compared with penicillin, gentamicin, or erythromycin alone. In vitro studies correlaed with some aspects of in vivo results but conflicted with others. Thus the combination of penicillin with either an aminoglycoside antibotic or erythromycin is more effective than a single drug in the therapy of infection caused by the Smith strain of S. aureus. PMID- 1127255 TI - Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin and clindamycin phosphate in a canine model. AB - Linomycin and clindamycin phosphate were studed in a canine model in which acute biliary obstruction was produced during iv infusion of antibiotic. Hepatic and renal extraction, bilary and renal excretion, and concentrations in liver and kidney were measured. Total and nonesterified clindamycin were assayed. The antibiotics were taken up by the liver at similar rates; however; the rates of excretion and concentration in bile were significantly higher for lincomycin than for clindamycin. Biliary obstruction did not affect the concentration of either antibiotic in canalicular bile. Lincomycin was extracted by the kidneys and excreted into urine at a much higher rate than was clindamycin. Concentrations of nonesterified clindamycin in the hepatic vein were higher than those in the portal vein, an observation suggesting metabolic activation within the liver. This relation was reversed by bilary obstructon. The results in this canine model indicate a greater role for the kedney in the disposition of lincomycin than in that of clindamycin, major differences between the rates of biliary excretion of the two agents, and a probable change in the metabolism of clindamycin procued by acute bilary obstruction. PMID- 1127256 TI - Decreased colonization of newborn infants with Staphylococcus aureus 80/81: Cincinnati General Hospital, 1960-1972. AB - The changing pattern of colonization of newborn infants with Staphylococcus aureus was studied by examination of 25,662 nasal and umbilical cultures obtained at weekly intervals from 9,216 infants during 1960-1972. The frequency of colonization of infants in the newborn nursery with S. aureus 80/81 decreased significantly during 1963-1965 and has remained low since that time. This change in colonization was unrelated to the use of hexacholorophene for bathing infants or to changes in sensitivity to the commonly used systemic antibiotics, penicillin and kanamycin. A similar decrease occurred with S. aureus lysed by the group 2 phages, but this decrease rebounded to the earlier level after cessation of hexacholorphene use. PMID- 1127257 TI - Letter: Tetracyclines and dental staining. PMID- 1127258 TI - CsCl banding of hepatitis A-associated virus-like particles. PMID- 1127259 TI - Viruses causing common respiratory infections in man. V. influenza A (Asian). PMID- 1127260 TI - Infections of cerebrospinal fluid shunts: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and therapy. AB - During a 10-year period shunt infections occurred in 27% of the 289 hydrocephalic patients who had cerebrospinal fluid shunts inserted at Children's Hospital Medical Center. The rate of infection did not vary with the type of shunt. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were responsible for one half and one-quarter of the infections, respectively. Removal of the infected shunt in conjunction with administration of systemic antibiotics was effective therapy. Use of systemic antibiotics alone was generally ineffective and was associated with an increased mortality rate. Infection itself was a significant risk factor, raising the mortality rate from 17% to 40%. Clustering of infection within two months of surgery and similar rates of infection for ventriculo-atrial and ventriculo-peritoneal shunts indicate that the infecting organisms are usually introduced during the perioperative period. The possibility that prophylactic antibiotics or different shunt materials might reduce the infection rate requires further study. PMID- 1127261 TI - Prevention of streptococcal sequelae by penicillin prophylaxis: a reassessment. AB - In conclusion, the diagnosis of streptococcal infection lacks precision, and as long as this is so, reliance must be placed on trained clinical judgement together with bacteriological studies. There is some evidence for an evolutionary drift in the relationship between the streptococcus and man, a drift that is compatible with the natural history of other diseases and with the accomodations observed in nature among other species during the course of evolutionary events. If, as a result of recent accomodations between man and the group A streptococcus, the risk of rheumatic fever is less, an undefinable risk nevertheless remains. There was even a military outbreak of rheumatic fever in England several years ago, and on that island--we are told--rheumatic fever has been banned for years. The current recommendations of the American Heart Association for the secondary prevention of rheumatic fever I judge acceptable for use in the United States. I have, however, raised the possibility that they may be inadequate for the prevention of second attacks in other populations where the environmental, socioeconomic, bacteriological, and nutritional circumstances are different from our own. Studies designed to reexamine these questions may, in the end, refocus our attention on the importance of host factors in the occurrence and pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. PMID- 1127262 TI - Algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. I. Schistosomiasis. PMID- 1127263 TI - Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Management of Exotic Diseases. ii. Giardiasis. PMID- 1127264 TI - The spectrum of colitis associated with lincomycin and clindamycin therapy. AB - Ten cases of protracted diarrheal illness after the oral administration of lincomycin or clindamycin in standard dosages were observed in previously healthy subjects. An abrupt onset of diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis was observed one to 12 days after discontinuation of the drug. Proctoscopic examination revealed erythematous friable mucosa covered with small raised, yellowish-white plaques that were sometimes confluent. Barium contrast studies of the colon demonstrated irregular shaggy mucosa, ulcerations, cobblestone appearance, and thumb printing. Rectal bipsy showed acute inflammation with pseudomembranes with focal or superficial ulcerations. All patients had a protracted course but recovered with supportive management. Follow up barium enemas and proctoscopy were done on all patients and were normal. A history of diarrhea, fever, and mucosal changes seen on proctoscopy in a patient who has recently received one of these antibiotics should raise the possibility of colitis associated with clindamycin and lincomycin therapy. PMID- 1127266 TI - Expanding public health nursing services in Iowa. PMID- 1127265 TI - Extraction of antibiotics from the circulation by liver and kidney: effect of probenecid. AB - An experimental canine model was designed to measure directly the uptake, storage, and excretion of antibiotics by the liver and kidney. At equilibirum the rate of uptake of penicillin G, cephalothin, and nafcillin by these organs was about 80% of the rate of intravenous infusion of each antibiotic. Penicillin G and cephalothin were extracted mainly by the kidneys, and nafcillin by the liver. Injection of probenecid virtually abolished the difference in concentration of antibiotic between afferent and efferent vessels of the liver and kidney after 30 45 min. Renal tubular secretion of penicillin G and cephalothin was suppressed, and their levels in renal tissue were increased. These findings militate against any primary limitation by probenecid of access of antibiotic to the renal parenchyma. A marked sustained increase (60%-70%) in the rate of portal flow followed injection of probenecid, and the concomitant percentage of nafcillin extracted by the liver declined significantly. Because of the circulatory changes, a specific effect of probenecid on acess of nafcillin to the liver could not be proved. PMID- 1127267 TI - The overburdened physician: a point of view. PMID- 1127268 TI - Cervical cancer among Iowans. PMID- 1127269 TI - Prospective analysis of retrograde ureteral catheterization. PMID- 1127271 TI - Everything's up to date in Iowa City. PMID- 1127270 TI - Financing medical education--1975. PMID- 1127272 TI - A focus on the Iowa medical freshmen. PMID- 1127273 TI - Seek legislation to ease liability dilemma. PMID- 1127274 TI - Malaria in Iowa. PMID- 1127275 TI - Editorials: "Houston, we've gotta problem". PMID- 1127277 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 1127276 TI - Brownie points. PMID- 1127278 TI - Editorial comment: A striking example. PMID- 1127279 TI - Acute pancreatitis: a brief review. PMID- 1127280 TI - The revelatory orchid: the diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis. PMID- 1127281 TI - Guest editorial: Louisiana Exploratorium of Science and Industry. PMID- 1127283 TI - Guest editorial: Rehabilitation of the patient with infarction. PMID- 1127282 TI - Pancreatitis and abdominal pain associated with hyperlipemia. PMID- 1127284 TI - Rehabilitation after myocardial infarction: the responsibility of the primary physician. PMID- 1127285 TI - In pursuit of an optimal recovery after myocardial infarction. PMID- 1127286 TI - Outpatient gym exercise and risk factor. Modification for patients with recent myocardial infarction: methodology and results in a community program. PMID- 1127287 TI - Aneurysm of left ventricle. PMID- 1127288 TI - Acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 1127289 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. PMID- 1127290 TI - Primary aldosteronism. PMID- 1127291 TI - National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974-P.L. 93-641. PMID- 1127292 TI - Modified N-G sump tube: the superdrain. PMID- 1127293 TI - A doctor's plan for rural care. PMID- 1127294 TI - Hemangioma of skull. PMID- 1127295 TI - Coronary artery disease mimic. PMID- 1127296 TI - Statewide physician manpower planning in Louisiana: Investigation of stated reasons why physician trainees select Louisiana for practice. PMID- 1127297 TI - Injuries of the tarsometatarsal joints. PMID- 1127298 TI - Geographic distribution of histoplasmosis in Louisiana. PMID- 1127299 TI - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. PMID- 1127300 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. PMID- 1127302 TI - Editorial: Medical malpractice insurance. PMID- 1127301 TI - Scleroderma. PMID- 1127303 TI - Pharmacologic treatment of cardiogenic shock. PMID- 1127304 TI - Medical liability. PMID- 1127305 TI - Malpractice insurance-at a crossroads or deadend? PMID- 1127307 TI - Electrical hazards in the operating room. PMID- 1127306 TI - Thoughts on the insurance crisis. PMID- 1127308 TI - Operating room hazards symposium. How much are we exposed to? PMID- 1127309 TI - Mycosis fungoides-case report. PMID- 1127310 TI - Melanosis coli with liver involvement. PMID- 1127312 TI - From the files of the KMA Maternal Mortality Study Committee. PMID- 1127311 TI - The central anticholinergic syndrome: management with physostigmine. PMID- 1127314 TI - Mandatory continuing medical education. PMID- 1127313 TI - Chemonucleolysis. PMID- 1127315 TI - Membership response to the professional liability insurance questionnaire. PMID- 1127316 TI - From the files of the KMA maternal mortality study committee. PMID- 1127317 TI - Masking of the non-test ear in speech audiometry. AB - Masking of the non-test ear is often needed in speech audiometry but the methods for such masking have not been well defined. 'White' or 'speech' noise is commonly provided by audiometers for this purpose, and the many problems and uncertainties in their calibration and effectiveness are discussed; data on these aspects are presented with respect to some current audiometers and Fry's and AB(S) PB-word lists. Formulae are given for estimating the possible need for masking, calculating the required dial level of masking noise for a given dial level of speech signal, and assessing the extent to which cross-masking may be affecting the results. The formulae presented are applicable for earphone listening only. PMID- 1127318 TI - Masking of the non-test ear in tone decay, Bekesy audiometry, and SISI tests. AB - Masking of the non-test ear is frequently required in tone decay, Bekesy audiometry and SISI tests; without it, serious misdiagnoses can result. Methods are given for calculating the dial levels of masking noises to be delivered and the extent of possible cross-masking. The methods are subdivided according to whether the tests to be employed are fixed-frequency or sweep-frequency, and to whether masking function data are available from previous use of shadow masking. In difficult cases, careful preliminary shadow-masking procedures and subsequent use of fixed-frequency tests is recommended. PMID- 1127319 TI - Tympanoplasty in partial defects of the stapedial arch. AB - A defective stapedial arch was found among 690 operated patients in 46 ears (6-7 per cent). Most often it was the stapedial head or anterior limb which was absent. The problems and results of ossiculoplasty on a defective stapes are analyzed. Classical interposition of the incudal body on top of a defective stapes did not afford satisfactory results, as the incus had to be placed asymmetrically on top of the stapedial remnant, with a risk of fixation and tilting of the graft. Better results were obtained by interposition of the short process of the incus on the footplate in a way which gives the incus contact also with the remaining parts of the stapedial arch. If the neck and head of the stapes are absent, it is suggested that the ossicles be shaped in relation to the defect in such a way that contact between the stapedial remnant and the malleus will be stable and the risk of secondary fixation minimal. If there are partial defects of the stapedial limbs the columella should be in contact with the footplate as well as with the remaining parts of the limbs. PMID- 1127320 TI - Effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the inner ear in Gunn rats. AB - The effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the inner ear was studied in fifteen jaundiced homozygous Gunn rats. Seven non-jaundiced heterozygous littermates served as controls. Histopathological examination of the temporal bone in these animals showed normal sensory and neuronal structures of the inner ear. This cannot be taken as conclusive evidence that a central, rather than a peripheral, lesion is the cause of hearing loss in hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 1127321 TI - Stapedectomy--shorter prosthesis recommended. AB - Based on some 4500 operations, a follow-up study has revealed certain recurring problems. Shorter than usual prostheses in Stapedectomy operations are strongly advised. A favourable influence on the later occurrence of Fistula and extrusion can be expected. Possible causes for extrusion are studied. PMID- 1127322 TI - The treatment of a congenital laryngeal web. AB - Past descriptions of the surgical treatment of congenital laryngeal webs have involved a laryngofissure to achieve division of the web and the insertion of a tantalum keel to prevent its reformation. The technique described below obviates the need for an open operation on the larynx. The web is divided under magnified vision through a laryngoscope using a Zeiss operating microscope. A silastic keel is secured between the vocal cords at the anterior commissure by means of a loop of nylon passing externally through the crico-thyroid and crico-hyoid membranes. PMID- 1127323 TI - Exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of laryngeal malignancy. AB - In searching for a screening procedure in the diagnosis of laryngeal malignancy the authors have evaluated a cytological examination, adapted for indirect laryngoscopy, and present the results of 149 consecutive smears from the larynx. Forty-four per cent of the smears were false negative, and it is concluded that exfoliative cytology with this method has no place as a screening procedure in the diagnosis of laryngeal malignancy. The method is inferior to the evaluation of the clinical picture in indirect laryngoscopy, and the selection for direct laryngoscopy and biopsy for histological evaluation should be based upon the clinical evaluation. PMID- 1127324 TI - Non-vegetable foreign bodies in the bronchopulmonary tract in children. AB - A variety of 40 cases of non-vegetable foreign bodies inhaled by children are presented. These include: coins, washers, pins, reamers, nails, screws, wires, pencil caps, ball-point tip, worry beads, bones, broken tooth, small stones, and blades of broken foreign body forceps. The ages of the children ranged between 10 months and 8 years with average at 2 years and 9 months. Two methods are described for the removal of slippery beads, using a Fogarty Catheter and foreign body forceps technique. Emphasis is placed on the importance of bronchoscopy in all cases with definite or doubtful history of foreign body inhalation in spite of negative physical or roentgenological findings, particularly those cases diagnosed as upper respiratory infection, pneumonitis, bronchial asthma and whooping cough, and when there is no significant response to such treatment. Fluoroscopy with image intensifier is suggested for the localization of the pointed end of sharp pins which cannot be identified clearly through the bronchoscope. General anaesthesia was used in all the cases to ensure absolute immobility. Repeated bronchoscopies at close intervals were not advised and tracheostomy was suggested in subglottic oedema if asphyxia is threatening the life of the child. Immediate removal of foreign bodies is important so as to avoid unnecessary complications. Lobectomy was necessary in one case with an impacted screw and destroyed lobe. This stresses the importance of thoracotomy when several attempts fail to remove the foreign body. PMID- 1127326 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the pharynx. AB - A case of spontaneous rupture of the pharynx is described occurring during the act of vomiting. Comparisons are made with the only known previously recorded case of spontaneous pharyngeal rupture. PMID- 1127325 TI - Fibreoptic laryngoscopy in the assessment of laryngeal disorders. AB - The fibreoptic laryngoscope is described, and its method of use detailed. Seventy patients were submitted to this examination. Its advantages and disadvantages in the assessment of the various groups of laryngeal disorders in these patients are discussed and compared with indirect and direct laryngoscopy. Its teaching and research possibilities are also mentioned. The technique shows considerable promise and will, we believe, achieve an accepted place as an addition to our diagnostic armamentarium in the investigation of laryngeal disorders. PMID- 1127327 TI - Acute thyroiditis with gas formation. PMID- 1127328 TI - Desmoplastic fibroma of maxilla. AB - Desmoplastic fibroma of the long bones is very rare and has been mentioned in the literature, but there is no mention in the literature of desmoplastic fibroma occurring in relation to maxilla. The first case of desmoplastic fibroma of the maxilla is reported. Conservative surgery is recommended for desmoplastic fibroma of the maxilla to avoid facial deformity. PMID- 1127329 TI - Olfactory neuroblastoma. PMID- 1127330 TI - Quick hardening polymers in the surgical treatment of congenital neck fistulae. AB - A method of filling up congenital fistulae of the neck by quick hardening polymers, immediately before the operation, is presented. Two cases are reported. PMID- 1127331 TI - Fibrous dysplasia. AB - Three cases of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the cranial bones are presented. Several theories of the etiology of this uncommon condition are put forward and the relationship between monostotic and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, Albright's disease, and hyperparathyroidism is examined. The difficulty in diagnosis and the ways they may present to the ear, nose and throat surgeon are discussed. It is suggested that conservative surgery is the best mode of treatment for maxillary or temporal lesions. However, ethmoid lesions, particularly when the optic foramen or base of skull are eroded, may need a neuro-surgical approach. The use of radiotherapy in any case is deprecated. PMID- 1127332 TI - Two rare tumours involving the infratemporal fossa: alveolar soft part sarcoma and haemangiopericytoma. PMID- 1127333 TI - Prognosis of squamous-cell carcinoma of the gums with cytologically verified cervical lymph node metastases. AB - A follow-up study was made of 125 patients with carcinoma of the gums treated from 1958 to 1969. Twenty-one of these patients with cytologically verified metastases of the neck at first visit were specially studied. The primary tumour was classified as T1 in three patients, T2 in one, T3 in nine, and T4 in eight patients. Twelve patients received radiotherapy, nine radiotherapy and surgery. The five-year determinate survival rate was 7 per cent in this group compared with 41 per cent for patients without cervical metastases. The importance of the use of fine-needle biopsy and cytology is stressed in the diagnosis of metastases of the neck for proper judgement of the prognosis and for selection of method for treatment. PMID- 1127334 TI - Transtympanic neurectomy in chronic recurrent parotid sialoadenitis. PMID- 1127335 TI - Cysts of the parotid gland. AB - Simple cysts of the parotid gland are uncommon, and they have only rarely been reported. Two cases are reported here. The aetiology and management of parotid cysts is discussed. PMID- 1127336 TI - Cysts of the parotid gland. Review and report of two unusual cases. AB - Cysts of the major salivary glands are most frequent in the parotid where they form a small percentage of its benign tumours. They can be congenital or acquired and of parotid or extraparotid origin. Two unusual cysts are reported: a cholesteatoma arising from the ipsilateral mastoid, twenty years after successful radical mastoidectomy, and a deeply located cysts of probably congenital origin. The literature is reviewed and the management discussed. Parotidectomy, often with extensive dissection, remains in general the treatment of choice. PMID- 1127337 TI - Nasopharyngeal craniopharyngioma. AB - Two cases of cranipharyngiomas which were mainly located in the nasopharynz have been reported. The cystic nature of the tumour with leakage of brownish-coloured fluid helped in arriving at the diagnosis, which was confirmed on histology. Marsupulization through a transpalatal approach seems to be the treatment of choice in such cases. PMID- 1127338 TI - The internal auditory canal and sensori-neural hearing loss in homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - The dimensions of the internal auditory canal were compared in patients with SS disease and with or without abnormal audiograms to investigate the role of auditory nerve compression by expansion of the petrous, temporal bone in hearing loss. There was no correlation between abnormal audiograms and narrowing of the internal auditory canals and it was concluded that this mechanism was not responsible for the hearing loss in SS disease. PMID- 1127339 TI - Ameloblastoma of the upper jaw. AB - A clinical study was made of three cases of Ameloblastoma (Adamantinoma) of the maxilla. One case presented with oro-antral fistula following extraction of a molar tooth. Extensive bone destruction and involvement of ethmoidal air sinuses and nasal cavity was seen in one of the patients. At times histological diagnosis can be difficult; therefore, accurate diagnosis should be obtained by an experienced histopathologist. Partial maxillectomy with a wide margin of healthy bone should be the choice of treatment in the majority of cases. There tumours are sensitive to deep-X-ray to a varying degree. One should consider radiotherapy post-operatively if growth has been excised inadequately. Radiotherapy may be helpful when surgery is contraindicated. PMID- 1127340 TI - Clinical applications of multistage exercise testing. PMID- 1127341 TI - Renal failure in the small center: the long and the short of it. PMID- 1127342 TI - The unusual presentation of "juvenile" rheumatoid arthritis in an adult. PMID- 1127343 TI - Editorial: Allied Health Professionals--a valuable adjunct. PMID- 1127344 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 1127345 TI - Observations on the clinical and pathologic features of myelofibrosis. PMID- 1127346 TI - Drug therapy reviews. Pharmacology and clinical use of antacids. PMID- 1127347 TI - Editorial: New England Cancer Society. PMID- 1127348 TI - Soft tissue sarcome-some observations on diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 1127349 TI - Aspiration biopsy of solid breast masses; 100 consecutive cases. PMID- 1127350 TI - Unorthodox radiotherapy in advanced neoplasms of the head and neck. PMID- 1127351 TI - Analysis of anomeric configurations in glyceroglycolipids and glycosphingolipids by chromium trioxide oxidation. AB - Acetylation and CrO(3) oxidation in acetic acid (Angyal and James, Aust. J. Chem. 23: 1209-1221, 1970) was applied to 18 different glyceroglycolipids and glycosphingolipids of known structure. The lipids studied contained from one to five pyranosic monosaccharide units including alpha- and beta-linked glucose, galactose, mannose, and N-acetylgalactosamine and beta-linked N acetylglucosamine. Monosaccharides bound to the lipids through beta-glycosidic linkages reacted to the extent of 80-97 percent, but in the case of alpha glycosidic linkages the oxidation proceeded only to the extent of 0-6 percent. A partial reaction was observed in lipids in which a given monosaccharide unit was present in both anomeric forms. Therefore, oxidation with CrO(3) allows the determination of anomeric configurations in simple glycolipids. Samples of only 100-300 mug are required. PMID- 1127352 TI - Demonstration of two pools of albumin-bound fatty acids. AB - The uptakes of albumin-bound nonesterified fatty acids and of [1-14C]palmitic acid complexed to albumin by the isolated perfused rat liver were compared. During perfusion, the rate of uptake of nonesterified fatty acids decreased and became zero when the fatty acid:albumin molar ratio reached 0.3, but the rate of uptake of radioactive palmitic acid remained constant. This finding suggests the existence of two pools of fatty acids bound to albumin with different fractional turnover rates. This view was supported by the fact that when delipidated albumin complexed in vitro to radioactive and nonradioactive fatty acids was used no difference was observed between the uptakes of nonesterified fatty acids and radioactive fatty acids by perfused liver. Similar results were found with albumin-bound radioactive fatty acid in vivo (obtained from rats fed radioactive palmitic acid), showing a homogeneous distribution of the label in both pools. The existence of two nonesterified fatty acid pools in plasma would arise from the differences in the nature of bonds between fatty acid and albumin molecules, which could determine the rate of exchange of fatty acids between the albumin bound and soluble forms preceding their uptake by the cells. PMID- 1127353 TI - [U-14C]glucose metabolism in vivo in rats rendered obese by a high fat diet. AB - Estimates of the glucose pool, the glucose space, the turnover rate, and the recycling of glucose were made after the injection of [U-14C]glucose into (a) obese rats fed a high fat diet and (b) rats fed a carbohydrate diet. The specific activity--time curve consisted of two components. Physiological parameters were calculated by using a two-compartment model. The glucose pool and glucose space were the same in both groups of rats. The turnover rate was 1.96 mg. min-1 for the carbohydrate-fed rats and 1.55 mg. min-1 for the fat-fed rats. There was about 12 percent recycling in both groups. In the carbohydrate-fed group, another approach based on simultaneous use of [6-14C]glucose and [6-3H]glucose yielded nearly the same values for these parameters. Respiratory excretion of CO2 and the incorporation of labeled glucose into lipids of some tissues were also measured. The rate of excretion of labeled CO2 and the conversion of labeled glucose into fatty acids in fat-fed rats were lower than in the carbohydrate-fed rats by 50 percent and 80 percent, respectively. More glucose was diverted into glyceride glycerol in the fat-fed group. It is suggested on the basis of the results that glyceride glycerol can serve as a gluconeogenic substrate in these rats where the turnover rate of glucose is much higher than the daily intake of carbohydrates. PMID- 1127354 TI - Hepatic fine structure in young and aging rats treated with oxandrolone: a morphometric study. AB - Hepatic fine structural alterations induced by shortterm administration of the hypolipidemic drug oxandrolone were evaluated using morphometric techniques. These changes are described in the livers of normolipidemic young adult and hyperlipidemic retired breeder male rats. Retired breeder rats, characterized by hyperlipidemia and a high incidence of arteriosclerosis, are thought to undergo premature aging. A previous morphometric study has shown that the hepatocytes of retired breeder rats are larger, contain a greater volume fraction of lysosomes, and have significantly less smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum than those of young adult rats. However, after oxandrolone administration, the livers of these two animal groups were no longer distinguishable on the basis of these morphometric parameters. Unlike a number of other hypolipidemic drugs, oxandrolone does not induce a marked proliferation of hepatic microbodies. The effect of oxandrolone on the livers of prematurely aging rats suggests that the age-related fine structural changes are not the result of irreversible alterations in the genome or translation-transcription apparatus but may actually represent secondary reactions to extrahepatic and/or endocrine metabolic changes. The relationship between (1) aging and hyperlipidemia and (2) aging and the reduced hepatic capacity to metabolize drugs suggest a need to evaluate the effects of lipid-lowering drugs on the livers of old as well as young animal models. PMID- 1127355 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic separation of sulfated and nonsulfated lithocholic acids and their glycine and taurine conjugates. AB - A method for superior thin-layer chromatographic separation of lithocholic acid and its N-glycine and N-taurine conjugates, as well as their respective 3alpha sulfates, is described. A solvent system of chloroform-methanol-acetic acid-water 65:24:15:9 (v/v) is used with air-dried plates of silicic acid containing calcium sulfate (10% by weight) under conditions of chamber saturation. PMID- 1127356 TI - Isotope derivative assay of microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. AB - A rapid method was developed to measure cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity of hepatic microsomes by the direct determination of the mass of 7 alpha hydroxycholesterol formed. The method is based on the quantitative acetylation of the incubation mixture with [-3H]acetic anhydride and the separation of the biosynthetic 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol as its diacetate by thin-layer chromatography on alumina. Amounts of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol as low as 0.1 nmole could be measured. A comparison of the proposed isotope derivative method with the previously used isotope incorporation method showed that the latter underestimated the enzyme activity by about 20 percent. PMID- 1127357 TI - Metabolism of retinol-binding protein and vitamin A during hypervitaminosis A in the rat. AB - Vitamin A is normally transported in plasma as retinol bound to a specific protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP). Detailed studies were conducted to examine the effects of excess vitamin A on the plasma concentration and metabolism of RBP, and to obtain information about vitamin A transport in the hypervitaminotic state. Two separate experiments were conducted. In the first (Study I, 99 days), plasma RBP and vitamin A levels were compared in three groups of rats fed 0.14 mg (control), 7.3 mg (group 2), or 41 mg (group 3) of vitamin A per day. After day 50 of the study, the administration of excess vitamin A to hypervitaminotic rats (groups 2 and 3) was discontinued and the rats were allowed to recover from vitamin A toxicity. In the second, shorter experiment (Study II), serum vitamin A and RBP levels were compared in control and hypervitaminotic (34 mg of retinyl acetate per day) rats. The rats in this study were also given [3 H]retinyl acetate daily to determine the distribution of retinyl esters and retinol between the lipoprotein and nonlipoprotein protein fractions of plasma. In both studies, administration of large, excessive doses of vitamin A resulted in substantial and significant decreases in the levels of serum RBP. Excessive doses of vitamin A produced fatty liver in the rats, in association with a normal (group 2, Study I) or with a decreased (group 3, Study I) level of RBP in the liver. It is possible that excess vitamin A leads to decreased rates of RBP synthesis in, and of RBP secretion from, the liver. Administration of excessive doses of vitamin A also resulted in elevations of serum vitamin A levels, which were mainly due to large increases in the circulating levels of retinyl esters. In the hypervitaminotic rats, most of the serum vitamin A, and virtually all of the retinyl esters, was found in association with the serum lipoproteins of hydrated density less than 1.21. These results demonstrate that the serum lipoproteins play an important role in the transport of the vitamin A that accumulates in serum in hypervitaminosis A. We suggest that the toxic manifestations of hypervitaminosis A occur when vitamin A circulates in plasma and is presented to membranes in a form other than bound to RBP. Plasma lipoproteins may nonspecificially deliver vitamin A to biological membranes and hence lead to vitamin A toxicity. PMID- 1127358 TI - Regulation of cholesterol synthesis and storage in fat cells. AB - The fat cells of rat epididymal adipose tissue contain an average of 0.5 mg of cholesterol per gram of triglyceride. Of this cholesterol, 90% is nonesterified and 80% is located in the lipid storage compartment. The fat cell cholesterol content correlated positively with cell size. During fasting the free cholesterol of the adipocyte decreased in parallel with triglyceride, whereas the amount of esterified cholesterol did not change. The fat cell cholesterol content is independent of the amount of dietary cholesterol. On in vitro incubation of rat fat cells with radiolabeled acetate, mevalonate, glucose, leucine, or water, labeled cholesterol was synthesized. The rate of cholesterol synthesis increased with fat cell size. Fasting suppressed cholesterol synthesis by 90%, whereas refeeding stimulated the synthesis above values found in normally fed rats. Stimulation of lipolysis with theophylline or with dibutyryl cyclic AMP markedly inhibited cholesterol synthesis in fat cells. Insulin increased the incorporation of glucose and leucine into fat cell cholesterol. The cholesterol synthesis in fat cells was not suppressed by a high cholesterol diet. Addition of very low or low density lipoprotein into the incubation medium suppressed fat cell cholesterol synthesis whereas high density lipoprotein did not. The lipoprotein free serum stimulated cholesterol synthesis compared with serum-free medium. The rate of cholesterol synthesis in total adipose tissue of rat was estimated to be 4% of that in the liver. It seems unlikely that the increased body cholesterol turnover present in obesity is accounted for by the enhanced cholesterol formation in the enlarged adipose tissue. PMID- 1127360 TI - Editorial: Socialized medicine--the Canadian experience. PMID- 1127359 TI - Characterization of lung surfactant: factors promoting formation of artifactual lipid-protein complexes. AB - Because uncertainty exists as to whether dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, the major component of lung surfactant, is part of a lipoprotein molecule, a study was designed to investigate the relationships between the phospholipids and proteins of rabbit lung washings obtained by lavage with aqueous solutions. Surface-active sediments contained phospholipid and protein in ratios directly dependent upon the ratios in the washings from which they were obtained. Comparison of negatively stained lung washings and sediments revealed that sedimentation caused extensive aggregation of surfactant "liposomes". Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that both cell-free washings from lungs and suspension of pure phosphatidylcholine contained components with flotation rates ranging from 25 to 400. Density gradient centrifugation of washings, without prior sedimentation, resulted in the appearance of a phospholipid band associated with only a small amount of protein. The density of the band varied depending upon temperature. No qualitative differences in the protein compositions of the phospholipid band and other gradient fractions were found by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Albumin, IgG, IgM, and several nonplasma proteins were present. These results indicate that little, if any, protein is specifically attached to the phospholipids of lung surfactant; rather, the lipid-protein complexes of lung washings are the result of a nonspecific association caused by removal of water-soluble surfactant from the lung and promoted by sedimentation. PMID- 1127362 TI - Summary of the National Health Planning and Development and Health Facilities Assistance Act of 1974 as passed by the senate November 25, 1974. PMID- 1127361 TI - The identification, selection and use of oral contraceptives. PMID- 1127363 TI - The National Health Service in Great Britain--revolt in the ranks. PMID- 1127364 TI - Continuing medical education. PMID- 1127365 TI - "The abnormal Pap smear" and its evaluation--the modern approach. PMID- 1127366 TI - Women's attitudes regarding breast cancer. PMID- 1127368 TI - Aspects of the medical basis of disability determination under Social Security. PMID- 1127367 TI - Travel expense deductions. PMID- 1127369 TI - Paradoxical embolism: a case report. PMID- 1127370 TI - Fibrocystic disease of the pancreas: a case report. PMID- 1127371 TI - Anaerobic infections: clinical, bacteriological and therapeutic features of thirty-six patients. PMID- 1127372 TI - Attempted suicide in Bangkok. PMID- 1127373 TI - Effect of position on the duration of cardiac cycle phases in normal Thai subjects. PMID- 1127374 TI - Infectious diseases as regional problems. PMID- 1127375 TI - Topical corticosteroids induced glaucoma. PMID- 1127376 TI - Pemphigus: combined treatment with methotrexate and prednisone. PMID- 1127377 TI - A female pseudohermaphrodite with salt losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia as the result of 21--beta--OH deficiency. PMID- 1127378 TI - Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. IV. Identification and distribution in mouse spleen. AB - White pulp nodules of mouse spleen contain a minor population of cells with morphologic features that are identical to those of dendritic cells, a cell type recently described in vitro. They have characteristic large, irregularly shaped nuclei with distinctive chromatin patterns and small nucleoli. The cytoplasm is extended in processes that contain relatively few organelles. These presumptive dendritic cells can be distinguished from other cell types that are known to exist in spleen including those that have irregular or branching cell shapes. In particular, dendritic cells do not contain the large number of lysosomes seen in phagocytes, and do not actively interiorize intravenously administered colloidal thorium dioxide particles. They also lack the well developed secretory apparatus (rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi zone) and microfilament bundles that are noted in connective tissue cells. These morphologic observations, combined with previous in vitro work, substantiate the existence of a novel class of cells in mouse lymphoid organs. PMID- 1127379 TI - Murine terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: cellular distribution and response to cortisone. AB - The mouse thymus contains two forms of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) which are distinguishable by the salt concentration necessary to elute them from a phosphocellulose column, by their distrubtion among the thymocyte subpopulations, and by their sensitivity to cortisone treatment. In the whole thymus the later eluting peak (peak II) is the predominant one with about 3-10% of the total activity appearing in peak I. Both peak I and peak II activities are most sensitively assayed by the polymerization of dGMP onto an oligo(dA) primer. The minor population of thymocytes which is less dense and cortisone-resistant contains a higher specific activity of peak I TdT. The majority of TdT activity is, however, found in the major population of thymocytes which occurs in the center region of a bovine serum albumin gradient and is cortisone-sensitive. A very low level of an activity indistinguishable from peak II TdT activity is also detected in the mouse bone marrow. Other tissues, such as spleen, liver, heart, and brain lack detectable amounts of TdT activity. PMID- 1127380 TI - Association of HL-A 5 and immune responsiveness in vitro to streptococcal antigens. AB - Lymphocytes, from randomly selected individuals having normal immune function, when incubated in vitro with varying concentrations of streptococcal antigens, responded in three ways: (a) response over the entire antigen concentration range, i.e., responders; (b) low response to only the highest antigen concentrations; and (c) no response at any antigen concentration. Frequency distribution analysis of these groups indicated that a significant association occurred between the ability to respond and HL-A 5. PMID- 1127381 TI - Studies of the macrophage complement receptor. Alteration of receptor function upon macrophage activation. AB - We have examined the roles of Fc receptors and complement receptors in mediating the interaction of sensitized sheep erythrocytes (E) with activated and with nonactivated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Both activated and nonactivated macrophages ingest IgG-coated erythrocytes [E(IgG)]; activated cells intest 1.5-2 times as man E(IgG) as do nonactivated macrophages. Thus, there is a quantitative difference in Fc receptor-mediated ingestion between activated and nonactivated macrophages. There is, however, a qualitative difference in function of complement receptors of activated and nonactivated macrophages. Nonactivated macrophages avidly bind complement-coated E [E(IgM)Ia1, but do not ingest them to a significant degree. Activated macrophages, on the other hand, bind and ingest E(IgM)C. The possibility of Fc receptor participation in mediating ingestion of E(IgM)C by activated macrophages was eliminated by blocking Fc receptors with an antimacrophage IgG fraction. Activated macrophages treated with antimacrophage IgG did not ingest E(igG) but did ingest both E(IgM)C AND E(IgM)C. Nonactivated macrophages treated with antimacrophage IgG did not interact at all with E(IgG). These cells bound, but did not ingest, E(IgM)C and E(IgM)C. Complement receptor mediated ingestion is a marker for macrophage activation and may be physiologically important in the elimination of complement-coated particles. PMID- 1127382 TI - Experimental autoimmune myasthenia: A model of myasthenia gravis in rats and guinea pigs. AB - Immunization of animals with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) protein from the electric organs of Electrophorus electricus and Torpedo californica induces an autoimmune response to the AChR of mammalian skeletal muscle. Rats and guinea pigs develop experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) after a single inoculation with small quantities of AChR and adjuvant. The indicence and severity of disease appears to depend on the dose of AChR and stability of the emulsion. EAMG is strikingly similar to myasthenia gravis (MG) of man in its clinical picture and its electrophysiological abnormalities. The presence of antibodies to syngeneic rat muscle AChR in the serum of rats with EAMG documents the existence of autoimmunity in the experimental disease. A common immunopathogenesis is suggested for both EAMG and mg. PMID- 1127383 TI - Polymorphonulcear leukocyte chemotaxis toward oxidized lipid components of cell membranes. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis has been elicited by oxidized arachidonic acid and other oxidized polyenoic lipids in the Boyden micropore filter assay system. This chemotactic activity was observed in the absence of serum and chemotactic proteins. The esterfied arachidonic acid present in plasma membranes may be a precursor of chemotactic messages as well as prostaglandins in vivo. PMID- 1127384 TI - Nonallelic behavior of rabbit variable-region allotypes. AB - Group a allotypes not detected by qualitative typing or anticipated from breeding data (latent allotypes) were detected at low levels in 50% of normal rabbit sera tested. The latent allotypes, which were serologically identical to allotypes of pooled IgG, were detected in sera from rabbits with all possible combinations of group a allotypes and their occurrence in individual rabbits was transitory and sporadic. These findings give reason to question the assumption that the synthesis of immunoglobulin allotypes is directed by allelic structural genes. PMID- 1127385 TI - Hereditary C2 deficiency: Genetic studies and association with the HL-A system. AB - Herediatary C2-deficiency has been shown to be transmitted asn an autosomal recessive characteristic. Recent evidence indicates that some genetic factors involved in the control of the complement (C) system in both man and mice are governed by genes localized within the major histocompatibility regionmthis study describes a large pedigree of the paternal family of a C2-deficient patient with systemic lupus erythematosusl It is shown that this condition is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, the heterozygous carriers having approximately half normal levels of C2. Furthermore, this trait was shown to be inherited in close linkage with an infrequent HL-A typw, 2,4A2. The maternal, C2-defective chromosome was shown to be transmitted by HL-AW10, W18 haplotypemthis same haplotype was described in a similar study by Fu et al. (6) to be associated with C2 deficiencymfinally, a third haplotype HL-A2,W18 carrying a defective C2 gene was demonstrated in a part of this pedigree. PMID- 1127386 TI - Requirement for two H-2 complex Ir genes for the immune response to the L-glu, L lys,L-phe terpolymer. PMID- 1127387 TI - Informed consent and its implications in family practice. AB - The doctrine of informed consent has had its practical introduction to medical malpractice litigation in the past five years. Its definition has not changed since the days when its definitive application was only a fond dream of the malpractice plaintiffs attorneys. However, with neh new methods of presenting this theory to the courts, and with the newly emerging practice fo having rulings on matters of law substituted by judges for prevailing standards of medical practice, the implications for family physicians have become tremendous. Hopefullum by understanding the principles involved in its application in the pertinent landmark cases, family physicians will be better able to abid the pitfalls engendered by the doctrine of informed consent. PMID- 1127388 TI - A predoctoral curriculum in family medicine. AB - Development of a new discipline, such as family medicine, requires careful definition of scope and purpose. This must be followed by delineation of specific education objectives. The teaching program is often carried out by people experienced as clinicans but not as teachers and requires selection of methods most natural to this kind of faculty. This article describes the current stage of curricular development at the institution with the longest experience in predoctoral family medicine in the United States. Based on seven years' experimentation, this paper provides an overview of the philosophy behind this particular curriculum and describes, in brief, four educational methods which have proven useful. These methods will be discussed in greater detail in subsequent articles focusing on specific educational objectives, illustrative examples, and evaluative methods. PMID- 1127389 TI - The first-year family practice resident. An identity crisis. AB - A definite identity crisis was recognized among first-year family practice residents prior to this year. A specific solution was found through a carefully planned one month family practice rotation that enabled the residents to become fully acquainted with the Family Practice Clinic operation while firmly establishing their identity as unique family practice residents. There is good evidence that this approach has been highly successful in dealing with the problem, and the alleviation of identity crises in first-year residents has, in addition, strengthened other areas of the residency program. PMID- 1127390 TI - Toward clarification of objectives for family practice and family medicine. AB - This paper analyzes the social boundaries derived from an adequate definition of family practice and family medicine and explores the social dynamics between them and other social institutions and disciplines, More precise objectives for family practice and family medicine are delineated using a model which specifies social targets, methods, and purpose of intervention. Implication for further research in family medicine are discussed as well as their future effect on family practice. PMID- 1127391 TI - A new look at continuing education in family practice. AB - The rapid increase of medical knowledge in recent years, together with continuously changing methods and patterns of practice, have made continuing medical education today a critical and challenging problem. It is now recognized that the large majority of a physician's medical knowledge over a practice career is derived from postgraduate learning after his initial formal undergraduate and graduate medical education. Despite the present importance of continuing medical education, we still have a relatively ineffective system which is not easily accessible to the practicing physician and which often fails to meet his individual learning needs. This paper critiques our past efforts in this area, describes some principles of learning, and suggests some new approaches to make continuing education in family practice more accessible and effective. PMID- 1127392 TI - A critical review of periodic health screening using specific screening criteria. Part 2: Selected endocrine, metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. AB - Despite the increasing interest in recent years in prevention and early recognition of asymptomatic disease, there has been a lag in development of a sound scientific basis for efforts in this area. No objectively based program for periodic health screening of asymptomatic adults has yet been proposed for the primary care physician. This is the second in a series of four articles which will critically examine the feasibility of screening procedures for 36 selected diseases. Six basic criteria are adopted as necessary to justify periodic screening. Specific screening recommendations are made for each disease, and a longitudinal screening program for asymptomatic adults will be proposed in the concluding article of this series. PMID- 1127393 TI - Primary tuberculosis in a 25-year-old man. PMID- 1127394 TI - The emergency room rip-off. PMID- 1127395 TI - Toward more rational health screening. PMID- 1127396 TI - The unwanted pregnancy in adolescence. AB - The unwanted pregnancy in adolescence is a crisis during which the adolescent woman often seeks help from an agency or physician. Frequently the option chosen is termination by therapeutic abortion. This option should be offered in a nonjudgmental manner with an attempt to understand and monitor the adolescent's emotional status. Psychiatric consultation should be sought only under specific circumstances is described which will help the adolescent with unwanted pregnancy resolve this life crisis constructively. PMID- 1127397 TI - Value of proctosigmoidoscopy in clorectal carconoma. PMID- 1127398 TI - The role of the family physician in the crisis of impending divorce. AB - The divorce rate in the United States is approaching 30 to 40 percent. Because the family physician cares for the entire family, he often finds himself in the midst of the turmoil created by the crisis of impending divorce. Using a case presentation, we have offered some specific suggestions to help the family physician manage this common problem. Few traditional training programs have adequately prepared the primary physician to be effective in marriage counseling. The integration of the behavioral sciences with the medical sciences should be a major goal of the developing discipline of family medicine. If training programs in family medicine successfully develop curricula that teach the skills required to support a troubled marriage, the family physician of the future may make a more significant contribution towards the preservation of the nuclear family. PMID- 1127399 TI - Panting thresholds of lizards. IV. The effect of dehydration on the panting threshold of Amphibolurus barbatus and Amphibolurus muricatus. AB - Amphibolurus barbatus which occupies arid and mesic habitats elevates its panting threshold with increasing loss of body water, thereby minimizing water loss at the expense of thermoregulatory effectiveness. Change in panting threshold is greatest up to losses of body water of 6-8% of hydrated weight, after which adjustment of the threshold is of lesser magnitude. Amphibolurus muricatus, a species restricted to the more mesic regions of Australia, does not show any change of panting threshold with progressive dehydration. PMID- 1127400 TI - An analysis of nuclear numbers in individual muscle fibers during differentiation and growth: a satellite cell-muscle fiber growth unit. AB - A numerical analysis of changes in the populations of nuclei in individual, intact muscle fibers was made to study how multinucleation arises during normal differentiation and growth. Gastrocnemius muscle fibers from pre- and post-natal mice were isolated with guanidine (Cardasis and Cooper, '75) and examined. Satellite cells associated with muscle fibers were first observed at 19 days of gestation. The number of nuclei per muscle fiber (muscle + satellite cell nuclei) averages 83 at this age, 157 at birth and continues to increase to 354 by 63 days of age. However, the rate of increase during growth is not constant. Estimates of satellite cell and muscle nuclei in histological cross sections indicate that there is a decrease in the percentage of satellite cells from 32% at birth to 6% in the adult. However, the numbers of satellite cells associated with individual muscle fibers, calculated from these percentages and the nuclear counts on whole fibers, decreases only between 2 and 4 weeks of age. Cytosine arabinoside was injected subcutaneously during the first two weeks of age. Pairs of satellite cells, abnormal nuclei and elevated percentages of satellite cells were observed. This evidence as well as the numerical analysis of nuclear populations in whole fibers lends further support to the hypothesis that satellite cells account for the increase in muscle nuclei from birth to maturity. PMID- 1127401 TI - Eye disk differentiation in the wax moth: induction in vitro. AB - Ecdysterone-induced differentiation of Galleria mellonella compound eyes in vitro is critically dependent on the age of the donor. It is greatest in explants from young prepupae, decreases with increasing donor age, and is absent in explants from 4-6 hour pupae. Failure of eye disks from pupae to differentiate in vitro seems to be the consequence of exposing them to culture conditions at a susceptible time in their development for, unlike eye disks from prepupae, they do not develop when removed from the medium and implanted into competent hosts. The explants most responsive in vitro are more liable to submerge, with resulting inhibition of development. Three media allow differentiation of adult eye structures, and one of these is suitable without adding macromolecular compounds. Ecdysterone is essential, and will elicit ommatidia formation when it is added to the medium at concentrations ranging from 0.1-20 mug/ml. Rubrosterone is ineffective at 1.0 mug/ml of medium. In the best-differentiated explants each ommatidium consists of 8-10 pigmented retinal cells surrounding a rhabdom-like core, and their axons can be traced to an enlarged optic nerve. Crystalline cones, adult cuticle in the form of facets (corneal lenses), and pigment cells also are formed. PMID- 1127402 TI - Limb development in diplopodia4: a polydactylous mutation in the chicken. AB - In a study of the polydactylous mutation of the domestic chicken, diplopodia4, we have found that the genetic lesion affects primarily the mesoderm and only secondarily the ectoderm. The effect of this mutant mesenchyme on overlying ectodermal ridge, either mutant or normal, is to thicken the ridge preaxially, leading to increased outgrowth and preaxial polydactylism. A "zone of polarizing activity" in the normal limb-bud seems to have a role in the control of its anteroposterior polarity. We have examined diplopodia4 limb-buds for polarizing activity and found it to be normal in its activity and distribution. These results suggest that the supernumerary outgrowth in the mutant limbs result from increased ridge mainon of the polarizing zone. PMID- 1127403 TI - Electron microscopic study of erythrocytes in developing rainbow trouts, Salmo gairdnerii irideus, with particular reference to changes in the cell line. AB - The fine structure of the first erythroid cells in the embryonic circulation of the rainbow trout and new erythroid cells appearing after hatching was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The first erythroid cells in the embryos, where circulation has just begun, are very immature in ultrastructural characteristics; they are spherical, relatively large, and contain a large nucleus with diffuse chromatin and numerous free ribosomes mostly occurring as polyribosomes. The cells divide in the circulatory system. As development proceeds, the entire population undergoes a synchronous maturation, i.e., transformation into round and flat discs, progressive heterochromatization, reduction in number of cytoplasmic organelles, especially of ribosomes, and a concomitant increase of hemoglobin content. The fully mature first erythroid cells persist until after hatching and are gradually replaced by a new population of erythroid cells which begin to appear in the circulatory system within a few days after hatching. The new cells are at first small and spherical, and show immature ultrastructural features, but no dividing cells were encountered. The cytological changes accompanying maturation are almost parallel to those seen in the first class of erythroid cells. In the circulatory system of fry, where yolk absorption has just been completed, almost all the erythroid cells are mature. These cells are uniformly flat and elliptical discs. The differences in ribosome numbers in electron micrographs of erythroid cells from different stages of development are also consistent with the existence of two series of erythroid cell maturation in the peripheral blood of the developing rainbow trout. PMID- 1127404 TI - The changes in cell shape during pigment migration in melanophores of a teleost, Oryzias latipes. AB - The changes in cell shape of fish melanophores during pigment displacement, and the effects of colchicine and cytochalasin B on the surface morphology were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Dispersed melanophores are generally flat, with thick radiating dendritic processes. Aggregated melanophores are characterized by their swollen, hemispherical centrospheres and thin, collapsed dendrites. Colchicine induces a flattening of the entire surface of the cell while cytochalasin B elicits the swelling of the centrosphere accompanied by a partial migration (aggregation) of melanosomes. PMID- 1127405 TI - The ontogeny of L-alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase isozymes in the mouse. AB - Mouse liver hydroxyacid oxidase isozymes are present at low levels at birth and increase in activity until day 13 after which HAOX-B almost disappears and HZOS-A is reduced to approximately one half the maximum level in the adultkidney. HAOX-G appears near day 13 post partum and increases until adult levels are reached, the female having four times the activity of the male. The pregnant female has significantly lower levels of HAOX-A and HAOX-B in the liver and higher activity of HAOX-B in the kidney. Developmental changes occur in the extent of epigenetic modification of mouse liver HAOX-A during the early neonatal period. PMID- 1127406 TI - Studies on differentiation of Mullerian ducts in the quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. II. Effects of sex hormones on nucleic acid synthesis in isolated female ducts. AB - The present investigations were carried out in an effort to determine the mechanisms underlying differentiation in the avian Mullerian duct, especially the asymmetrical differentiation of the female ducts. Using the isolated female ducts of Japanese quail, the incorporations of 3H-uridine and 14C-thymidine were determined in vitro at several embryonic stages. Incorporation of 3H-uridine was altered with some synchronous fluctuation during the embryonic period in both the left and right ducts, while 14C-thymidine incorporation first decreased rapidly and subsequently, only slightly, during the same period. By administering sex hormones in vitro nucleotide incorporation was affected to an appreciable extent characteristic of the duct at each stage. This hormonal susceptibility was also periodically altered during duct differentiation. The growing left duct continued to receive an apparent stimulation under the hormonal conditions, while the involuting right duct was sometimes inhibited under the same conditions. Such hormonal susceptibilities may explain the asymmetrical differentiation of the female left and right ducts during this embryonic period. PMID- 1127407 TI - Hybrid desmosomes in aggregated chick and mouse cells. AB - Mouse embryo skin epidermis has been examined during maturation, and stages have been found when desmosomes are first scarce, then increasing in frequency and finally numerous. Cells of skin epithelium from these stages have been combined in reaggregates with cells of the 15-day chick corneal epithelium which also form desmosomes readily. When these two cell types are reaggregated in the presence of cytochalasin B which inhibits cell sorting, they form numerous junctions with each other. Desmosomes in mouse and chick appear similar morphologically except for certain cytoplasmic components. Mouse skin epidermis cells combined with cardiac muscle or intestinal epithelium formed imperfect or no specialized contacts. The possible role of junctions in cell sorting in reaggregates is discussed. PMID- 1127408 TI - Morphogenetic gradients in moltiple-graft Hydra viridis. I. The effects of colcemid and colchicine. AB - The morphogenesis of so-called secondary (2 degree) heads, budding regions and feet, and separations at graft borders, is studied in multiple-graft animals containing three gastric regions (3g animals) treated with Colcemid or colchicine. Control animals consist of three non-treated pieces. Animals consisting of two non-treated and one treated piece are also employed. The main effects of Colcemid are the promotion of graft healing at the distal graft border, and of 2 degree head formation on the proximal gastric region (g-1). Colchicine also promotes graft healing at the distal graft border, but in contrast to the effect of Colcemid, promotes the formation of ectopic feet (tertiary feet) and inhibits head regeneration at the distal end of the middle gastric region (g-2). Colchicine also accelerates an inversion of polarity in 2 degree budding regions on the g-2 pieces of animals with 2 degree heads on their g-1 pieces. Treatment of a distal graft piece with Colcemid promotes 2 degree head formation on the nearest proximal piece which is not treated, but the inhibition of 2 degree head formation by colchicine occurs only on colchicine treated pieces. The morphogenetic effects of the drugs are interpreted as consequences of their actions on nerve differentiation and cell division. The paper argues that homeostatic control of a hydra's cell population depends on dividing cells influencing cell loss, and that similar mechanisms are involved in the rejection of a graft and the separation of a bud. PMID- 1127409 TI - Ontogenetic expression of larval and adult hemoglobin phenotypes in the intergeneric salmonid hybrids. AB - Ontogeny of the hemoglobins of Honmasu (Oncorhynchus rhodurus, HXH),brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, BXB) and their reciprocal hybrids (HXB and BXH) was examined electrophoretically as well as spectrophotometrically. All of these fish have electrophoretically distinct larval and adult type hemoglobins and the transition from one type to the other occurred early during post-hatching development. In the case of larval hemoglobins, the electrophoretic pattern of a hybrid, BXH, resembled that of the maternal parent, brook trout (BXB), while the hemoglobin of the reciprocal hybrid, HXB, differed markedly from that of the maternal parent, Honmasu (HXH), in that it possesses a diffuse pattern. Spectrophotometric examinations indicated that this was mostly methemoglobin. Adult type hemoglobins at more advanced stages of both hybrids were electrophoretically resolved into the parental hemoglobins. However, no "hybrid" hemoglobins were detected. Because there was abnormal hemoglobin formation in the larval erythrocytes (erythrocytes L) of the HXB hybrid, and then normal hemoglobin synthesis in the adult erythrocytes (erythrocytes A) of the same fish at later developmental stages, it appears that the paternal effects upon the hemoglobin differed in these two erythroid cell lines of the developing trout. PMID- 1127410 TI - DNA synthesis during lens regeneration in larval Xenopus laevis. AB - Larvae of Xenopus laevis at stages 50-53 were lentectomized and then injected with tritiated thymidine at various times after lentectomy. In series I, the animals were injected 1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,15, or 17 days after lens removal and fixed three hours after injection. Autoradiograpns of serial cross sections through the eyes were prepared. Increased incorporation of thymidine in the cells of the regenerating lens was first observed two days (stage 2) after lentectomy. All of the cells of the lens vesicle incorporated H3 thymidine until stage 4 at which time the cells in the inner wall of the vesicle began to differentiate into lens fibers. Labelling then became restricted to the peripheral cells (prospective lens epithelium and prospective lens fibers). At stage 5 of regeneration, only cells of the lens epithelium incorporated H3 thymidine. In Series II, animals injected three or four days after lentectomy were fixed daily from one to seven days after injection. Many stage 3 and stage 4 regenerates were recovered with label throughout and stage 5 regenerates were found, seven days after injection, with label over the lens fibers as well as over the lens epithelium. PMID- 1127411 TI - Parthenogenic development after chemical treatment of Xenopus laevis spermatozoa. AB - Eggs of Xenopus laevis were fertilized in vitro by spermatozoa pre-treated with various concentrations of aziridinyl urea (ethyleneurea) for between 30 and 120 minutes. At 2 and 4 mg/ml for 30 minutes there was a high incidence of abnormal embryos, few of which developed into tadpoles; after 6 and 8 mg/ml no tadpoles were produced. However, the highest concentration 10 mg/ml, yielded 66% of tadpoles, only 7% of which were obviously abnormal. With increasing time the same pattern of events was obtained except for a displacement towards the lower concentration ranges. Tadpoles developing from these latter experiments were found to be haploid. The results resemble those obtained by exposure of Rana pipiens spermatozoa to X-rays and ultraviolet light, with the production of gynogenetic embryos, usually referred to as the Hertwig effect. PMID- 1127412 TI - Urea excretion in the hibernating Columbian ground squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus). AB - Hibernation was induced in Columbian ground squirrels by placing them in refrigerated cages equipped with urine-collection pans. On arousal, urine and blood were collected from each animal, which was then allowed to reenter hibernation. After several days the animal was sacrificed and bladder urine and another blood sample were taken. In addition, four active non-hibernating ground squirrels were placed in a cage at room temperature with neither food or water. Urine was collected at 9 and 26 hours and blood was collected at 0 and 26 hours. Although only seven of ten hibernating squirrels had a higher blood-urea level when sacrificed than during the previous arousal, the other three had very high levels in the arousal period and probably further excreted urea before entering hibernation. When total body urea was calculated on a body weight basis, all except one animal showed a greater level of urea during hibernation than in the previous arousal. During their period of dehydration, the non-hibernating summer squirrels showed a marked decrease in blood urea. The osmotic concentration of the urine from these squirrels was due less to urea than that excreted during arousal by hibernating squirrels. Thus, it appears that urea accumulates in the blood during hibernation and is excreted in the urine during arousal. PMID- 1127413 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of artificially activated rabbit eggs. AB - Ultrastructural investigations have been carried out on parthenogenetic rabbit eggs in an effort to elucidate events occurring during artificial activation and their similarity to processes of fertilization and embryogenesis. Rabbit eggs were artificially activated by culturing at 10 degrees C for 24 hours followed by incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 to 24 hours. Examination of eggs immediately after incubation at 10 degrees C for 24 hours indicates that activation is initiated when the chromosomes coalesce to form a reticulum which is either surrounded completely by two parallel membranes or incompletely by cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Aggregation of the chromosomes occurs as a result of a reduction in the number of microtubules making up the meiotic spindle. When cold treated ova are subsequently incubated at 37 degrees C a nucleus is formed which moves central where it may participate in the cleavage of the egg. Formation of a second polar body and release of the contents of the cortical granules as reported for inseminated eggs was not found to be a part of activation of the egg by cold treatment. Approximately 95% of the ova cultured at 10 degrees C for 24 hours followed by 37 degrees C for 12 hours were activated, i.e., they possessed a nucleus or they had cleaved. Many of the activated eggs cultured for short periods at 37 degrees C were structurally similar to fertilized ova, with further incubation fragmented eggs and abnormal multicellular stages predominated. PMID- 1127414 TI - Cocain intoxication: a unique case. PMID- 1127416 TI - Editorial: More action on the professional liability front. PMID- 1127415 TI - Further consideration of uncomplicated urinary infections. PMID- 1127417 TI - Mediastinoscopy. A critical review. PMID- 1127418 TI - Health services at city and county jails, stockades and youth detention centers in Florida. PMID- 1127419 TI - Editorials: Metrication, here we come. PMID- 1127420 TI - The metric system is here. PMID- 1127421 TI - A regional center for team treatment of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 1127422 TI - The orbiting psychiatric patient. PMID- 1127423 TI - Histiocytosis X. PMID- 1127424 TI - Torsion of the fallopian tube. PMID- 1127425 TI - Analysis of discharges--Pinellas County Methadone Maintenance Program. PMID- 1127426 TI - President's page. Communication. PMID- 1127427 TI - Regional and sexual distribution patterns of chromatin proteins and of soluble cytoplasmic proteins in the rat brain. PMID- 1127428 TI - Melanin formation by human brain in vitro. PMID- 1127429 TI - Protein patterns in different lobes and during development of octopus brain. PMID- 1127430 TI - Structural alterations of amino acids at the level of aminoacyl-tRNAs: transformation of dicarboxylic amino acids. PMID- 1127431 TI - Structural alterations of amino acids at the level of aminoacyl-tRNAs: identification of the transformation products of dicarboxylic amino acids. PMID- 1127432 TI - The metabolism of labelled ethanolamine in neuronal and glial cells of the rabbit in vivo. PMID- 1127433 TI - Accumulation of trienoic fatty acids in rat brain after depletion of liver (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 1127434 TI - Decreased metabolism in vivo of glucose into amino acids of the brain of thiamine deficient rats after treatment with pyrithiamine. PMID- 1127435 TI - Effects of metabolic inhibitors on amino acid metabolism in rat retina: a comparison of amino-oxyacetic acid and ethanolamine-o-sulphate. PMID- 1127436 TI - Release and exchange studies relating to the synaptosomal uptake of GABA. PMID- 1127437 TI - Influences of colchicine and vinblastine on the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine by rat brain synaptosomes and small vesicle fractions. PMID- 1127438 TI - Isolation and identification of N-acetylhomocarnosine and N-acetylcarnosine from brain and muscle. PMID- 1127439 TI - Inhibition of neuronal protein synthesis in the giant fibre system of the squid by a high potassium concentration. PMID- 1127440 TI - Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of bovine neurophysins. PMID- 1127441 TI - Evidence for a role of glutamate decarboxylase activity as a regulatory mechanism of cerebral excitability. PMID- 1127442 TI - Effect of ischemia on energy metabolism in the gerbil cerebral cortex. PMID- 1127443 TI - Soluble and particle-bound acetylcholinesterase and its isoenzymes in peripheral nerves. PMID- 1127444 TI - Abnormal neuronal responses during evolution of a penicillin epileptic focus in cat visual cortex. AB - After defining the receptive fields of single units in cortical area 17 of anesthetized cats, recurrent on-off stimulation with bars of light of optimal configuration win from a second micropipette; Progressively, three distinct alterations of neuronal activity developed. The most longlasting and usually the earliest abnormality was an increase in the number and frequency of spikes comprising a neuron's response to stimuli that were effective prior to iontophoresis. This enhanced physiologic response (EPR) could be elicited from a cell independently of the discharge activity of an induced focus, but only with stimuli appropriate for the cell's receptive field. With additional iontophoresis an entirely new response developed, which was consistent with an extracellular paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS). This high-frequency burst of spikes appeared only in association with an ECoG interictal potential. It could be triggered, however, by stimuli which were previously effective or ineffective, as well as occur spontaneously. Characteristics which further distinguished the PDS from EPR included a longer and more-variable latency, a longer recovery period, and a different sensitivity to changes of stimulus intensity. A period of response inhibition also accompanied each interictal potential and persisted with a variable duration afterward. It was most noticeable as an interruption in the activity of tonically responding neurons and was often present before the cell began to generate PDSs. It was concluded that the EPR represents a direct effect of penicillin on the cell or its immediate synaptic connections, while the PDS appears dependent on the altered interactions within a population of such affected cells. The inhibitory phenomenon, in addition, seems a result of projected influences from cells more fully involved with the developing focus. A dynamic model of the EPR-PDS relationship is proposed. PMID- 1127445 TI - Responses of rabbit superior colliculus neurons to repeated visual stimuli. AB - It has been shown that cells in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus exhibit response decrements when a visual stimulus is repeated. These response decrements have some of the properties associated with habituation, in particular, 1) spontaneous recovery and 2) habituation rate dependent on stimulus frequency. These observations have been made in two classes of neurons; direction selective cells and so-called modified concentric cells. All of these neurons had small receptive fields and well-defined response properties. Some neurons in both the direction-selective and modified concentric groups do not show habituation. On the basis of area-threshold curves and other observations, it is suggested that those neurons which habituate possess strong inhibitory inputs which are weak or lacking in thenonhabituating neurons. This generalization leads to a hypothesis that inhibition in the superior colliculus has a long decay time and that a response to a given stimulus is affected by inhibition activated by preceding stimuli. PMID- 1127446 TI - Disinhibition in cat motor cortex by ammonia. AB - The effect of intravenously administered ammonium salts on postsynaptic inhibition of pyramidal tract cells was investigated in cat motor cortex. Extracellular recordings revealed that pyramidally or thalamically mediated inhibition of antidromic action potentials is abolished by ammonia. Intracellular recordings demonstrated that hyperpolarizing IPSPs vanished and EPSPs appeared while the inhibitory stimuli still triggered a decrease of neuronal resistance and the resting membrane potential was unchanged. It is concluded that ammonia disinhibited action-potential generation and EPSPs by shifting E(IPSP) to the level of the resting membrane potential. With disinhibition and facilitation replacing inhibitation of action potentials, ammonia clearly disturbs those cortical functions involving postsynaptic inhibition. PMID- 1127447 TI - Ectopic action-potential generation in epileptogenic cortex. PMID- 1127448 TI - Spatial limits of epileptogenic cortex: its relationship to ectopic spike generation. AB - In order to investigate if ectopic spike generation was ubiquitous in and specific generation was ubiquitous in and specific to epileptogenic cortex, a method was devised to determine the limits of such an area based on a well accepted physiologic characteristic of epileptogenicity. The limits of the penicillin-induced epileptogenic cortex were defined in terms of a retinal activation field; this is a circumscribed area whose stimulation by light evokes a characteristic cortical epileptiform wave. All lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons manifesting ectopic spike generation during interictal epileptiform waves had receptive fields within the activation field. During organized seizures, ectopic spike generation was observed in neurons with receptive fields outside the activation field. Because of these findings it was concluded that ectopic spike generation is a characteristic and specific feature of epileptogenic cortex and that it is a characteristic of the epeleptogenic process rather than a peripheral event related entirely to the direct effect of penicillin on neurons. PMID- 1127449 TI - Responses of single units in cerebellar vermis of the cat to monaural and binaural stimuli. AB - The responses of 146 cerebellar neurons to tone stimuli were studied in 29 cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethan and in 7 decerebrate preparations. Units were classified as onset or sustained firing. Onset spikes occurred on stimulation of either ear and showed binaural facilitation, while sustained discharges were frequently only excited by monaural stimulation. The latent periods of sustained discharges appeared to be shorter than those of onset responses, and sustained discharges were also more sharply tuned than the onset units. Evidence was presented suggesting that onset responses reflected input from the inferior colliculus and sustained responses, the cochlear nucleus. The sterotyped facilitatory behavior of onset units suggested that a maximal discharge might occur if sounds were of equal intensity at each ear; 26 neurons were examined with variable interaural time or intensity differences and 10 of these exhibited maximal firing when the interaural time and intensity difference was zero--i.e., if the sound was located directly in front of the head. PMID- 1127450 TI - An electrically mediated inhibition in goldfish medulla. AB - 1. Passive hyperpolarizing potentials (PHPs) have been recorded intracellularly from goldfish medullary neurons in the vicinity of the Mauthner cell (M-cell). They are evoked when this cell is activated antidromically by stimulation of the spinal cord, and orthodromically via the ipsilateral eighth nerve; when appropriately timed they block or delay spikes induced both directly and transsynaptically. 2. Since the PHPs and the M-cell spike have the same latency, time course, and all-or-none character, they cannot be generated by chemically mediated synaptic transmission. This conclusion is further supported by the evidence that PHP amplitude and time course are independent of membrane potential. 3. The analysis of the mechanism underlying PHP generation has been based on the hypothesis that they are brought about by the extracellular currents flowing to the axon cap during an M-cell action potential. Specifically, it was postulated that some of this current is channeled back to the axon cap region intracellularly through processes of PHP-exhibiting neurons, and that these cells are passively hyperpolarized by the associated inward transmembrane current flow. This model would require that PHP-exhibiting neurons send processes into the axon cap. This hypothesis is confirmed by the following: a) When the PHP is timed to occur during the conductance increase associated with a spike after hyperpolarization, it is reduced, as would be expected for a passive current flow across a membrane resistance. b) PHPs are not found in all medullary neurons in the vicinity of the M-cell, but rather in a specific neuronal population. c) PHP exhibiting neurons have been identified following Procion yellow injections; as predicted, they issue one process, presumably the axon, which projects toward the M-cell axon cap area. d) The PHP can be stimulated by passing a cathodal current from a microelectrode located in the axon cap; it is not mimicked when the cathodal electrode is moved outside this region. The currents necessary to mimic a PHP are comparable to the estimated current flowing back to the axon cap during an M-cell action potential. 4. The input resistance of PHP-exhibiting neurons is in the range of 4 M alpha, and their estimated specific membrane resistance is in the range of 900-2,000 alpha-cm-2, which is not an unusually low value for neuronal membranes. By contrast, the intracellular channeling of current during a PHP can rather be attributed to a high extracellular tissue resistance within the axon cap, which was found to be at least 2.5 times that of the surrounding medullary tissue.. PMID- 1127451 TI - Visual activation of neurons in inferotemporal cortex depends on striate cortex and forebrain commissures. AB - Neurons in inferotemporal cortex respond only to visual stimuli and a majority have receptive fields that extend well into both visual half-fields. After bilateral removal of striate cortex, no inferotemporal neurons responded to visual stimuli. After unilateral removal of striate cortex, inferotemporal neurons in both hemispheres responded only to stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the intact striate cortex. After section of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, inferotemporal neurons in both hemispheres responded only to stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the recording site. These results indicate that inferotemporal cortex visual information from striate cortex and that the pathway from striate cortex to the contralateral inferotemporal cortex includes the forebrain commissures. This same striate temporal pathway is also necessary for normal discrimination learning. We suggest that the converging input onto single inferotemporal neurons from widely separated retinal areas may provide a mechanism for stimulus equivalence over different parts of the visual field, and it may be the absence of such a mechanism that contributes to the visual discrimination deficit that follows inferotemporal lesions. PMID- 1127452 TI - Neural implications of different profiles between treadmill and overground locomotion timings in cats. AB - A cinematographic comparison of treadmill and overground performances by the cat revealed considerable flexibility in the neural control program for locomotion. For the single limb's step cycle, swing duration (time foot is off the surface) was approximately equal in both situations, as has been found previously. Subcomponents of the swing (flexion duration and timings between joints during the transition from flexion to extension) differed, however. Interlimb timings also responded to situation. The interval between touchdown of one hindlimb and the ipsilateral forelimb was reduced for treadmill stepping. An ipsilateral coupling interval also differed that had been previously reported to involve propriospinal activity, the time for onset of extension during the swing phase of the hindlimb to the onset of flexion at the beginning of the swing phase in the forelimb. Segmental afferent input, visual and other suprasegmental inputs, and motivational variables probably all contribute to the separation of treadmill and overground timing profiles. PMID- 1127453 TI - Mauthner neuron field potential in newly hatched larvae of the zebra fish. AB - 1. Extracellular unit recording was done in the brain and spinal cord of unanesthesized zebra fish larvae embedded in a drop of gelatin under a compound microscope. Startle responses were elicited either by vibrating a stylus against the ear vesicle, or by direct electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. 2. As in adult fish, the Mauthner neurons produced a prominent negative potential (0.5-1 mV) which occurred at the beginning of the startle reflex. The axonal conduction velocity was 1.7-3.7 m/s. 3. With vibratory stimulation, the startle reflex was elicited most reliably at rates of 1/min or less, though the Mauthner cells would follow stimulation rates of 1/s when the spinal cord was stimulated electrically. At this rate there was considerable fatigue of the spike itself, which became smaller in amplitude and longer in duration. 4. The auditory system functions during vibratory stimulation of the ear vesicle, and probably activates the Mauthner cells, though it was not concluded that this was an exclusive excitatory pathway during these experiments. Lateral line or purely tactile receptors might also be involved. The latency of the Mauthner spike varied inversely (range, 6 17.5 ms) with the intensity of the vibratory stimulus. Muscle contractions began 2 ms after the Mauthner spike. 5. We recorded several forms of startle behavior, including a single tail flip or a tail flip followed by regular or irregular tail movements. The Mauthner neuron almost always fired at the beginning of the response, but it never fired again during subsequent movements. This supports an earlier contention that the Mauthner cell initiates the tail flip but is not involved in iterative swimming behavior. PMID- 1127454 TI - Reticulospinal neurons with and without monosynaptic inputs from cerebellar nuclei. AB - An account is given of the responses of 557 medial reticular neurons with axons projecting down the spinal cord. All 30 experiments were on decerebrated unanesthetized cats paralyzed by Flaxedil. Recording from single neurons was by extracellular glass microelectrodes. Identification was first by location (confirmed by subsequent histology) in the medial reticular nucleus of medulla or pons, and second by antidromic activation from cord stimulation at C2 and L2 segmental levels. Axonal conduction velocities were calculated from the latency differential between L2 and C2 antidromic responses, and were usually in the range of 90-140 m/s; but about 25% were slower, ranging down to 30 m/s. Stimulation by electrodes in the ipsilateral and contralateral fastigial nuclei differentiated reticulospinal neurons into two classes according to whether they did or did not receive monosynaptic inputs, the respective populations of fully investigated neurons being 270 and 174. The fastigioreticular neurons were distinguished by a higher background frequency with mean values of 28 as against 15/s. There were also significant diffences in both the excitatory and inhibitory responses to afferent volleys from forelimb and hindlimb nerves. Comparison of the respective latency histograms showed that the responses of neurons with a fastigial input had an excess of latencies in the ranges that can be correlated with the latency histograms observed for fastigial responses. Thus, there is evidence for the effectiveness of the fastigial input and so for the pathway with monosynaptic linkage: Purkinje cells of cerebellar vermis yields fastigial neurons yields medial reticular neurons projecting down the spinal cord. Adequate stimulation of cutaneous receptors by pad taps and air-jet stimulation of hairy skin in a disppointingly small action when compared with fastigical responses. Explanations of this deficiency are suggested. Another discrpancy from the fastigial responses is that the medial reticular neurons have much wider receptive fields with little discrimination between ipsilateral and contralateral and between forelimb and hindlimb. Stimulation of the ipsilateral tegmental tract was tested on 183 reticulospinal neurons, 112 being with fastigial inputs. In about half there was a powerful monosynaptic excitation, which would identify such neurons as being on the pathway from mesencephalic and diencephalic centers to the spinal cord. There is a general discussion of transmission across successive synaptic relays, where specificity is sacrificed to integration. PMID- 1127455 TI - Medial recticular neurons projecting Rostrally. AB - 1. In the latter part of investigations on the medial reticular neurons, stimulation was applied to the ipsilateral tegmental tract in the upper pontine level. Of the 426 neurons in this series, 56 had rostrally projecting axons as evidenced by their antidromic responses. 2. Of these 56 neurons, 41 were activated by limb nerve stimulation, usually very strongly, and so qualify as units in the reticular activating system. Fastigial stimulation monosynaptically excited 14 of these reticular activating neurons, so providing and ascending pathway from the cerebellar vermis. 3. Axonal branching has been demonstrated by antidromic testing in four reticular neurons with ascending axons. In two there were branches to the fastigial nucleus and in two, down the spinal cord. 4. The latency histograms of the excitatory and inhibitory responses resembled those for reticular neurons with descending axons except for the poverty of inhibitory responses in neurons not receiving a fastigial projection. PMID- 1127456 TI - Capacities of humans and monkeys to discriminate vibratory stimuli of different frequency and amplitude: a correlation between neural events and psychological measurements. AB - The capacities of monkeys and humans to discriminate between mechanical sinusoids differing in amplitude or frequency were measured in a two-alternative, forced choice task. The difference limen for amplitude discrimination for both species remained constant near 10% of the standard amplitude over the range of 17-30 dB, relative to detection threshold. Equal subjective intensity curves in the 20-40 Hz range were determined at 20 and 29 dB, relative to detection threshold. These curves followed the threshold curve and were identical for the two species. The difference limen for frequency discrimination averaged 1.8 Hz for humans and 2.7 Hz for monkeys; the range of values for the two species overlapped nearly completely. The small sizes of these difference limens indicate, we believe, the capacity of highly trained individuals of either species to ascertain small differences in the temporal order of somesthetic stimuli and of the neural events evoked by them. In one series of experiments we demonstrated that subjects of both species possess two threshold for two different aspects of flutter-vibration which are displaced from each other along the intensive continuum. For either species, the minimum level of stimulus amplitude required for threshold frequency discrimination is about 8 dB above that sufficient for detection. This difference in amplitude is called the atonal interval and matches that observed between absolute and tuning thresholds for quickly adapting, mechanoreceptor afferents (the Meissner afferents) which innervate the glabrous skin of the monkey hand. These and previous findings have permitted a number of direct correlations between behavioral and neural events as regards the sense of flutter. The neural codes for the intensity and frequency of flutter appear to be different. The capacity to detect the presence of a mechanical sinusoid and the capacity to judge its subjective intensity are likely to depend on criterion levels of activity in the total population of Meissner afferents, the former on the appearance of any activity (absolute threshold) in a small population of the most sensitive of these fibers and the latter on the overall size of the active population of neuronal elements at each level of amplitude. The total activity in the relevant neural population elicited by sinusoids of increasing amplitude defines a prothetic continuum along which subjects can judge the magnitude of sensation.. PMID- 1127457 TI - Organization and receptive fields of primate spinothalamic tract neurons. AB - A technique is described for recording from axons belonging to the spinothalamic tract of the monkey. The axons arose from cell bodies located within the spinal cord since the latency of orthodromic activation by afferents within the dorsal funiculus was short. The axons were antidromically activated from the ipsilateral diencephalon. The spectrum of conduction velocities indicates that the recordings favored large-diamter axons. However, all of the classes of spinothalamic tract units described from soma-dendritic recordings were represented in the sample. When the locations of the axons in the ventrolateral white matter were mapped, there was virtually complete overlap in the distributions of hair-activated, low , and high-threshold spinothalamic tract axons, suggesting that the "lateral spinothalamic tract" conveys tactile, as well as pain and temperature, information. The only segregated population of axons were those belonging to units activated by receptors in deep tissues, including muscle. These were in a band along the ventral surface of the cord. The stimulus points for antidromically activating spinothalamic cells of axons were in the known diencephalic course of the spinothalamic tract, including the ventral posterior lateral nucleus. Stimulus point locations were similar for high-threshold and other categories of units. Receptive-field sizes were smaller for high-threshold spinothalamic cells or axons than for hair-activated or low-threshold units. Receptive-field size was correlated with position on the hindlimb. The smallest fields belonged to cells in lamina I, with progressively larger sizes for cells in laminae IV and V. Receptive-field shape was evaluated by the length/width ratio, which was smallest for high-threshold units and progressively larger for low-threshold and hair-activated units. The receptive-field positions of spinothalamic tract axons were related to the locations of the axons. There was a rough somatotopic representation in the tract, with the most caudal dermatomes represented dorsolaterally, and the most rostral ventromedially. PMID- 1127458 TI - Static and dynamic responses of spinothalamic tract neurons to mechanical stimuli. AB - The activity of primate spinothalamic tract neurons was investigated. Units were identified by antidromic activation from the diencephalon. Most had a spontaneous discharge. The fastest spontaneous discharge rates were from neurons activated by receptors in muscles or joints. However, such activity could be decreased by repositioning the hindlimb. Spontaneous activity was also altered by changes in anesthetic level. Time-interval histograms demonstrated the patterns of spontaneous discharge. Many units could be excited by noxious stimulation. Graded step displacements of the skin often evoked a slowly adapting discharge which was a function of pressure (or displacements above a threshold of some hundreds of microns). Responses continued to increase as pressures became noxious. Rapidly adapting responses of hair-activated and low-threshold spinothalamic tract neurons were tested with ramp stimuli and found to signal acceleration (or a higher derivative of position), velocity, or a combination of these. Responses to stimulus acceleration were prominent when hairs were displaced, while responses to stimulus velocity were seen with displacement of the skin. Possible receptor types which might account for the observations are discussed. PMID- 1127459 TI - Afferent new fiber activity responding to temperature changes of scrotal skin of the rat. AB - The discharge patterns of single afferent fibers from rat pudendal nerve were studied as a function in temperature of the scrotal skin, an area known to function in temperature regulation. In a number of respects the population of temperature-sensitive afferents here differ from most previously described; 75% of temperature-sensitive afferents were also sensitive to mechanical stimulation. Of the 25% nonmechanosensitive units, half showed dynamic and static responses to cooling, while most of the remaining fibers gave only static discharges to warming. The most frequent thermal reaction of the mechanosensitive units was a dynamic-static cold response or a pure static warm response. However, fibers were also present with only dynamic or only static cold responses. Of the bimodal units, 20% had a dynamic cold response, but showed a minimal static discharge at intermediate temperatures (about 35 degrees C) and an increased discharge on both warming and cooling from that temperature. One unit had static and dynamic warm responses. Whereas a bursting discharge in the cold has previously been considered to be a distinguishing characteristic of specific cold receptors, in the pudendal afferents a bursting discharge on cooling or at low temperatures is common both in mechanosensitive and specific cold fibers. This observation and the identical discharge patterns and mechanisms underlying the thermosensitivity argue for the view that the mechanosensitive afferents participate in thermal sensation and/or regulation along with the specific temperature receptors. Hellon and Misra (7) have concluded that there is processing of thermal information from the scrotal skin at the level of the first synapse in the cord. However, in this study, we have found peripheral afferents which have most of the discharge properties that led Hellon and Misra to conclude that processing had occurred. The unusual characteristics of thermosensitive afferents of the pudendal nerve suggest that there is probably organ specificity of neuronal discharge properties. PMID- 1127460 TI - Directionally sensitive ganglion cells in the rabbit retina: specificity for stimulus direction, size, and speed. AB - The receptive fields of directionally sensitive ganglion cells in the rabbit retina were analyzed. Several types of experiment showed that each point within the receptive field of the cell is inhibited by a fairly wide area of points around it, lying on each side of the preferred-null axis as well as along the preferred-null axis in the preferred direction. The excitatory or responsive receptive field of these cells has an inhibitory surround: this inhibitory surround appears to be simply an extension of the inhibition that occurs within the center of the receptive field. Points toward the edge of the responsive receptive field are inhibited from an area around them which extends into the center of the receptive field and also into the inhibitory surround. Directionally sensitive retinal ganglion cells respond to moving spots better than to moving bars. This is particularly true for objects moved perpendicularly to the preferred-null axis. In some cells a spot moved perpendicularly to the preferred-null axis will give a substantial response, whereas a bar moved in the same direction will give no response at all. This phenomenon can be explained by the inhibitory area which surrounds each point within the receptive field; since this inhibitory area is asymmetrical, it is also responsible for the cell's directional sensitivity. When two bars oriented perpendicular to the preferred null axis are flashed, one after the other, the response to the second bar is nearly always reduced by the presentation of the first bar. This is true for many temporal and spatial sequences corresponding to movement in the preferred direction, as well as those corresponding to movement in the null direction. However, there are temporal and spatial sequences, corresponding to movement in the preferred direction, for which the response to the second bar is unaffected by the presentation of the first bar. The time delay for this does not vary from cell to cell--it is always approximately 20 ms for on-off directionally sensitive cells and approximately 180 ms for on directionally sensitive cells. The spatial separation does vary from cell to cell, between 0.13 degrees and 1.2 degrees in 11 on-off directionally sensitive cells. This spatial separation, which gives linear summation of the response to two bars flashed 20 ms apart in the preferred direction, is correlated with the speed of movement which gives the best response for a bar moved through the receptive field in the preferred direction. PMID- 1127461 TI - Afferent fibers from mystacial vibrissae of cats and seals. AB - 1. Studies of vibrissae of cats and seals revealed minor species-specific differences in functional characteristics of the afferent fibers: vibrissal fibers from the seal showed a significantly higher rate (P smaller than 0.05) and frequency of occurrence (P smaller than 0.01) of spontaneous activity, and a significantly greater percentage (P smaller than 0.01) responded to vibrations greater than 256 Hz. None of these differences could be interpreted as an adaptation to the aquatic environment. 2. Of 455 afferent fibers obtained from the infraorbital nerve, a large proportion (66% in cats and 85% in seals) served vibrissae. A population study of 357 such fibers showed that two-thirds were rapidly adapting (RA) and the remainder were slowly adapting (SA). Neither group displayed preferential directional sensitivity, but for 75% of the individual fibers in cats and 71% in seals, a particular direction elicited maximal response. 3. On the basis of their tuning curves, the RA fibers were divisible into three major groups: insensitive, sensitive, and those with frequency dependent tuning curves. Single RA fibers provided little information about vibratory stimulus amplitude. However, it is postulated that the range of thresholds in the RA fiber group within each follicle represents a mechanism of encoding the intensity of vibratory stimuli. 4. By contrast, single SA fibers encoded precisely the intensity of steady stimuli. The average fiber conveyed 2.7 bits of information about the magnitude of vibrissal deflections of smaller than 17 degrees (1.5 mm, at 5 mm from skin). 5. Each type of fiber abstracted one or more features from the environment, and conveyed these abstractions by its individual pattern of neural activity. It is postulated that vibrissae provide fine textural information about surfaces. PMID- 1127462 TI - Responses to visual stimulation and relationship between visual, auditory, and somatosensory inputs in mouse superior colliculus. AB - The superior colliculus was studied in anesthetized mice by recording from single cells and from unit clusters. The topographic representation of the visual filed was similar to what has been found in other mammals, with the temporal part of the contralateral visual field projecting posteriorly and the inferior visual field projecting laterally. At the anterior margin of the tectum receptive fields recorded through the contralateral eye and invaded the ipsilateral visual hemifield for up to 35 degrees, suggesting that the entire visual field through one eye is represented on the contralateral superior colliculus. Cells located closest to the tectal surface had relatively small receptive fields, averaging 9 degrees in center diameter; field sizes increased steadily with depth. The prevailing cell type in the stratum zonal and superficial gray responded best to a small dark or light object of any shape moved slowly through the receptive field center or to turning a small stationary spot on or off. Large objects or diffuse light were usually much less effective. Less than one-quarter of superficial layer cells showed directional selectivity to a moving object, the majority of these favoring up and nasal movement. The chief visual cell type in the stratum opticum and upper part of the intermediate gray resembled in the newness neurons described for many other vertebrates: they had large receptive fields and responded best to up and nasal movement of a small dark or light object, whose optimal size was similar to the optimum for upper-layer cells. If the same part of the receptive field was repeatedly stimulated there was a marked tendency to habituate. Only very few cels responded to the ipsilateral eye. Intermixed with visual cells in the upper part of the intermediate gray were cells that responded to somatosensory or auditory stimuli. Here bimodal and trimodal cells were also seen. In deeper layers somatosensory and auditory modalities tended to take over. These two modalities were not segregated into sublayers but rather seemed to be arranged in clusters. Responses to somatosensory and auditory stimuli were brisk, showing little habituation to repeated stimulation. PMID- 1127463 TI - Representation of head and face in postcentral gyrus of the macaque. AB - The receptive field and submodality characteristics of individual neurons within the cytoarchitectural and topographic subdivisions of the head and face areas of the postcentral gyrus (SI) were determined with the technique of extracellular recording. Correlation of the single-unit data with the intracortical location of the recording electrode provided a detailed description of the functional organization within each of the several cytoarchitecturally distinct regions contributing to the representation of the head and face in SI. The data indicate that the functional organization of the SI cortex which receives its principal input from trigeminal mechanoreceptors is comparable to the organization within those SI regions which receive their input from the mechanoreceptors of the limbs, trunk, and tail. In each topographic subdivision of the SI cortex 1) a single region in the periphery is represented several times in widely separated locations, each time in a context of different submodalities and peripheral receptive fields; and 2) neurons belonging to the different submodality classes are segregated so that projections from cutaneous afferents terminate mainly in cytoarchitectural area 3 in the adjacent anterior portion of area 1, while projections from the afferents innervating deep tissues terminate mainly in cytoarchitectural area 3a, area 2, and the posterior part of each 1. Although the mechanoreceptor input to SI is segregated according to submodality and the mechanoreceptors from most body regions project to multiple widely separated regions within SI, neurons with receptive fields confined to the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal peripheral innervation field are found within a restricted region of the anterior postcentral gyral crown which is positioned symmetrically about the junction of cytoarchitectural areas 1 and 3. Neurons with receptive fields confined to the maxillary division of the trigeminal innervation field are found within a ring of cortex which a) completely surrounds the representation of the ophthalmic field, and b) includes parts of cytoarchitectural area 2, 1, 3, and 3a. SI neurons with receptive fields restricted to the mandibular division of the trigeminal innervation field occupy the largest portion of the SI face area and form a ring of cortical cell columns which completely surrounds that cortical region which receives its input from the maxillary peripheral innervation field. PMID- 1127464 TI - Effects of exercise and of food restriction on the development of spontaneous obesity in rats. AB - The effects of exercise and of food restriction on Zucker obese and lean rats were studied. Zucker obese rats pair-fed to lean littermates gained more body fat on the same intake indicating greater efficiency of diet utilization. Exercise significantly reduced the fat pad weights and body fat content of obese rats. Serum insulin levels were higher in the obese rats and were not influenced by exercise. Exercise had no effect on adipose cellularity of the obese rats. Liver tissue in vitro lipogenic capacity and lipogenic enzyme activities were significantly elevated in obese rats. Exercise increased liver tissue hexokinase and in vitro lipogenesis in lean rats. Exercise increased pentose phosphate pathway enzymes in adipose tissue from lean rats only. Although exercise reduced fat content significantly, obese rats were still fatter (27.7% fat) than the lean controls (6.4% fat). The protein content of obese rats was significantly increased by exercise, indicating that physical activity is important in the regulation of protein metabolism. PMID- 1127465 TI - Comparison between the metabolic effects of tryptophan and histidine deficiencies in the rat. AB - Rats fed a tryptophan-free diet for 2 days showed less weight loss but more nitrogen loss than those fed a histidine-free diet. The metabolic nature of the body weight loss and of urinary nitrogen loss in rats fed the tryptophan-free diet was investigated in comparison with those fed the histidine-free diet. More body water was retained in rats fed the tryptophan-free diet than in those fed the histidine-free diet. This suggests that the lesser weight loss associated with tryptophan deficiency than with histidine deficiency may be due to the greater water content in rats fed the tryptophan-free diet. The tryptophan contents of the muscle, plasma, and liver decreased rapidly in rats fed the tryptophan-free diet, whereas the histidine contents of these tissues did not decrease as much as in rats fed the histidine-free diet. The conversion of radioactivity of (U-14-C)phenylalanine into respiratory CO-2 and liver and muscle proteins of rats fed the tryptophan- and histidine-free diets were compared. The relative recovery ratio of 14-C into respiratory CO-2 was found to be higher in tryptophan deficiency than in histidine deficiency, and the recovery ratio in muscle was lower in tryptophan deficiency than in histidine deficiency. These results suggest that the greater nitrogen loss seen in tryptophan deficiency than in histidine deficiency may be due to reduced synthesis of muscle protein, presumably due to the low free-tryptophan content in muscle resulting from the tryptophan-free diet. PMID- 1127466 TI - Studies on the vitamin C requirements of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). AB - Three feeding studies on the vitamin C requirements of channel catfish were conducted with practical and semipurified diets. In a long-duration study in which fish achieved almost a 4,000% increase in weight, 50 mg of l-ascorbic acid/kg diet was required for maximal growth and food efficiency. A diet stability study revealed that excessive losses in activity of l-ascorbic acid occurred when practical diets were stored for 16 weeks at 20 degrees. The typical scoliosis condition associated with severe vitamin C deficiency in fish occurred in the nonsupplemented groups in the study with practical diets. Severe growth reductions were obtained from fish fed nonsupplemented semi-purified diets, yet no incidences of spinal abnormalities were noted. PMID- 1127468 TI - Methionine replacement value of N-acetylmethionine and homocysteinethiolactone hydrochloride for growing rats. AB - The ability of young growing rats to absorb DL-homocysteinethiolactone hydrochloride (HCTL-HCl) and N-acetyl-DL-methionine (NAM) and to use them for growth when fed a methionine-deficient diet was studied. In situ intestinal absorption studies demonstrated that both compounds are readily absorbed. Intestinal half-times were 24 minutes for NDTL-HCl and 44 minutes for NAM. Adding molar equivalents of 0.2 or 0.4% methionine to a 0.2% methionine basal diet fed ad libitum resulted in 28-day gains that were 83.2 and 91.1%, respectively, for NCTL-HCl and 94.6 and 99.8% for NAM of the average gain resulting when DL methionine was added at equivalent levels. Feed efficiencies were also significantly (P smaller than 0.05) improved over rats fed the basal diet. Increasing the HCTL-HCl addition to 0.6% reduced feed intake and gain but not feed efficiency. PMID- 1127467 TI - Riboflavin and mouse hepatic cell structure and function. Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in severe deficiency states. AB - Weanling mice were fed a riboflavin-deficient diet or the same diet with added galactoflavin. Both diets produced changes in hepatic mitochondrial morphology, the most striking of which was the development of giant mitochondria. The livers from these animals were fractionated, and the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions were examined by electron microscopy. The nuclear fraction contained giant mitochondria; the mitochondrial fraction contained the remaining normal to moderately enlarged mitochondria. Oxidative studies were carried out on the mitochondrial fractions. It was found that both experimental diets resulted in a marked reduction in fatty acid oxidation by the mitochondria. In addition, the mitochondria of mice with advanced riboflavin deficiency (induced simply by a riboflavin-free diet) showed a severely decreased state 3 (ADP-stimulated) respiration and depressed respiratory control ratios, but normal ADP/O ratios. In contrast, mitochondrial performance (aside from fatty acid oxidation) in galactoflavin-supplemented, riboflavin-deficient mice was related to the gross appearance, i.e., color, of the liver from which these organelles were derived. In mice fed this diet, the livers were either red or yellow. Mitochondria from yellow livers showed normal oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria from red livers showed a serious reduction in state 3 oxidation. This study demonstrates that in the mouse, riboflavin deficiency, however produced, not only results in altered mitochondrial morphology but also results in significantly impaired mitochondrial function. PMID- 1127469 TI - Sodium requirements of lactating ewes. AB - At parturition, lactating ewes were given ad libitum one of six diets containing either a basal level of sodium (200 ppm Na) or basal plus 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, or 100% of the National Research Council (NRC) allowance of sodium for lactating ewes (equivalent to 0.5% of the ration as sodium chloride). Deionized water was supplied to the ewes with a sodium concentration of less than 0.5 ppm. The parotid Na+:K+ ratio was taken as an index of sodium adequacy. At 4, 6, and 8 weeks postpartum, there was a positive rectilinear relationship between the Na+:K+ ratio of the parotid saliva and level of sodium in the diet up to 37.5% of the NRC allowance. The Na+:K+ ratio of parotid saliva from ewes consuming 37.5% or greater of the NCR allowance was not affected by the level of sodium in the diet. It was concluded that the NCR allowance for sodium for lactating ewes was excessive, and an allowance of 870 mg/kg diet was adequate for the maintenance of a normal Na+:K+ ratio of the parotid saliva. PMID- 1127470 TI - Interactions of cadmium with copper, iron, zinc, and manganese in ovine tissues. AB - Diets containing 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 ppm of cadmium were fed to male lambs for 191 days to ascertain what effect cadmium might have on the tissue concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, and manganese. The cadmium content of all tissues increased with an increase in dietary cadmium. The iron concentration of the ileum tissue was significantly depressed in the cadmium-treated groups compared with that of the controls. Liver copper, iron, and manganese were significantly depressed and liver zinc significantly increased by varying levels of dietary cadmium. The copper concentrations of the spleen and testicles were significantly decreased by all levels of cadmium while the copper and zinc concentrations of the kidneys were significantly increased in the 30 and 60 mug Cd/g and 15, 30, and 60 mug Cd/g groups, respectively. In general, cadmium had no significant effect on the rumen, abomasal, heart, or lung concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, or manganese. PMID- 1127471 TI - Effects of different levels of pyridoxine fed during pregnancy superimposed upon growth in the rat. AB - Effects of pregnancy superimposed upon a rapid phase of growth in the rat on the vitamin B-6 needs during gestation were examined. Rats were fed 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, or 19.2 mg pyridoxine-HCl/kg diet from weaning. Some animals from each dietary treatment were mated at 55 (P-55) and 115 (P-115) days of age; others of the same ages served as nonpregnant controls. Analyses were made on day 21 of gestation. Excepting the 1.2-mg diet treatment, maternal weight gains during gestation were greater for P-55 groups compared with gains of the P-115 groups, possibly reflecting maternal growth. Both maternal weight gains and fetal weights were less for the 1.2-mg, P-55 group; otherwise reproductive performance was similar among the groups. On the basis of stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity by pyridoxal phosphate added in vitro, the needs in all pregnant and nonpregnant groups were met by 2.4 mg pyridoxine/kg diet. However, on the basis of vitamin B-6 saturation of tissues, the pyridoxine needs were 9.6 mg/kg diet for young growing animals and 4.8 mg/kg diet for older animals in which growth had almost ceased. The needs for both young and older pregnant animals possibly exceeded 19.2 mg pyridoxine/kg diet for vitamin B-6 saturation of maternal liver, fetus, and fetal brain. Pregnancy superimposed upon a rapid phase of growth in conjunction with a restricted intake of pyridoxine resulted in low values for most parameters used in the assessments compared with values for animals fed the same vitamin level but mated after growth velocity had diminished. PMID- 1127472 TI - Free amino acids in crocodilians fed proteins of different biological value. AB - Changes in plasma levels of amino acids derived from fed protein were determined by feeding crocodilians (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus and Alligator mississipiensis) 7.5 g protein/kg body weight and by monitoring the plasma free amino acids for several days. Zein and several other vegetable proteins produced no rise in plasma amino acids and were excreted intact in the feces. Casein and fish muscle were rapidly digested but produced little rise in plasma amino acids, and the increases showed no relationship to the composition of the protein fed. Gelatin feeding led to large increases in plasma amino acids that persisted for more than a week, and the resulting pattern was nearly identical to the composition of gelatin with the exception of aspartic and glutamic acids, and several animals died. Equivalent quantities of fish muscle protein were assimilated without difficulty by the crocodilians. Endogenous protein secreted into the gut apparently contributed little to the amino acid mixture absorbed. PMID- 1127473 TI - Employee health services: one hospital's experience. PMID- 1127474 TI - The cardiovascular conditioning effects of a supervised exercise program. PMID- 1127475 TI - Heart rate and ECG responses of fire fighters. AB - Data were obtained from 35 fire fighters responding to 189 alarms. Fifteen to 30 sec after an alarm heart rate showed a mean increase of 47 beats/min (range 12 117 beats/min). Approximately one minute after the alarm, while on the truck, heart rate still showed a mean increase of 30 beats/min (range 1 to 80 beats/min) above that recorded before alarm. S-T segment changes were observed in the ECG shortly after the alarm sounded. Upon approaching a fire, heart rates as high as 150 beats/min were observed before the men got off the fire truck. During actual fire fighting extremely high heart rates were observed for prolonged periods of time. One fire fighter had a mean heart rate of 188 beats/min for 15 minutes during the initial stages of a structure fire. The heart rate responses observed immediately after the alarm as well as on the truck approaching a fire indicate that the men experience a state of high anxiety. The extremely high heart rates observed for prolonged periods during fire fighting may also indicate a state of high anxiety coupled with the heavy work performed in a hot environment. Repeated exposure to states of high anxiety as well as inhaling pollutants related to the high incidence of ischemic-stress tests previously observed in fire fighters. PMID- 1127476 TI - Dow's approach to toxicity and exposure guideline development in industrial hygiene. PMID- 1127478 TI - A second look at eye care. PMID- 1127477 TI - The preplacement examination. PMID- 1127479 TI - Background information on chloroprene. PMID- 1127480 TI - An imaginary letter from a busy, small town physician. PMID- 1127481 TI - Management of the acutely burned patient. PMID- 1127482 TI - Outpatient care for tuberculosis. PMID- 1127484 TI - Medical malpractice recent developments in Oklahoma. PMID- 1127483 TI - The malpractice malady. PMID- 1127485 TI - How to be a defendant. PMID- 1127486 TI - Malpractice: The national situation. PMID- 1127487 TI - Professional liability: the Oklahoma situation. PMID- 1127489 TI - National malpractice situation deteriorating. PMID- 1127488 TI - Antirabies treatment. PMID- 1127490 TI - Utilization review regulations stir controversy and concern. PMID- 1127491 TI - Management of multiple fractures of the lower limb in polytraumatized patients. PMID- 1127492 TI - Thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein. PMID- 1127493 TI - Renin. Its release mechanisms and its vasoconstrictive effects in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 1127494 TI - Mandibular prognathism. PMID- 1127495 TI - On hemodynamic measurements during reconstruction of the stenosed renal artery. PMID- 1127496 TI - The relationship of the rate of intrauterine growth of low-birth-weight infants to later growth. AB - The relationship of the rate of intrauterine growth of low-birth-weight infants (1,501 to 2,500 gm) to their postnatal growth up to 10 years of age was investigated. Each child was assigned to one of four gestation quartiles which have identical birth weight distributions but differ widely in their length of gestation. The mean heights and weights of the children in each of the four quartiles were compared with similar data of a control group of children who had birth weights above 2,500 gm. Only infants in the long gestation quartile failed to catch up in height and weight to the control group by the end of the 10-year period. The same results that were obtained for the total cohort were also found separately for white and black children and for boys and girls. The data relate to 488 single white and black low-birth-weight infants and 488 normal-birth weight infants. PMID- 1127497 TI - Classic phenylketonuria: diagnosis through heterozygote detection. AB - Fifty-nine male and female (pregnant and nonpregnant) normal control subjects were differentiated from 18 male and female obligate heterozygotes for classic PKU. The method of genotyping utilized midday semifasting blood P and T quantitated by ion-exchange chromatography, an empiric determinant, P-2/T, and a discriminant function (sigma), in which sigma = a(1)(P)+a(2)(T);a(1) and a(2) were computed by multivariate analysis, This method of genotyping was applied in three clinical settings. In one family hyperphenylalaninemia was differentiated from classic PKU in two sisters with elevated blood P. In a second family maternal PKU was related to microcephaly in two retarded siblings, one of whom was also homozygous for classic PKU. In a third family a diagnosis of classic PKU was established in a normal-appearing infant whose blood P concentration was elevated. PMID- 1127498 TI - Use of an oral elemental diet in infants with severe intractable diarrhea. AB - Twenty-seven infants from 1 day to 9 months of age with severe intractable diarrhea were fed an oral elemental diet (Vivonex) consisting of crystalline amino acids, glucose, electrolytes, and vitamins by continuous nasogastric drip. Complete control of diarrhea was achieved in 24 patients (89 percent) who had an average weight gain of 28 gm/day. Nitrogen balance and plasma amino acids were measured in five patients while they received 2.25 gm of amino acid/kd/day for two weeks and 4.58 gm of amino acid/kg/day for two weeks; the nitrogen balance and weight gain in three patients was proportional to the amino acid intake. When compared to normal levels, plasma amino acids were not appreciably increased with the lower amino acid intake. With the higher amino acid intake, there were significant increases in plasma values for 11 amino acids. PMID- 1127499 TI - The micromeasurement of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin as a means of differentiating alpha thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia. AB - Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels were measured in 29 individuals with alpha thalassemia trait, 19 with proved iron deficiency anemia, and 25 normal control subjects. Individuals with alpha thalassemia trait and normal iron studies had FEP levels in the normal range despite marked degrees of microcytosis. In contrast, individuals with iron deficiency anemia had marked elevation of FEP levels with similar degrees of microcytosis. Measurement of FEP levels appears to be a useful tool in differentiating alpha thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 1127500 TI - Iron deficiency anemia and increased urinary norepinephrine excretion. AB - Chronic iron deficiency in rats resulted in decreased MAO activity both in vitro and in vivo. Since MAO is an important enzyme in inactivation of catecholamines, urinary excretion of DA, NE, E, MN-NMN, and VMA was measured in 24-hour samples from 11 iron-deficient children before and after treatment with intramuscular iron. Pretreatment NE excretion was abnormally high and returned to normal (P=0.001) within one week of therapy. VMA excretion also was higher before than after treatment (P greater than 0.05), but most values were within the normal range for healthy children of comparable size. There was no significant difference between DA, E, and MN-NMN excretion before and after iron therapy. Anemic, non-iron-deficient children had normal urinary NE, E, and VMA excretion before and after transfusion. These findings suggest that the irritability, lack of attentiveness, and low performance scores of iron-deficient children may be related to alterations in catecholamine metabolic pathways secondary to dependence of MAO on adequate iron stores. PMID- 1127501 TI - Constrictive pericarditis, intestinal lymphangiectasia, and reversible immunologic deficiency. AB - A patient with constrictive pericarditis, secondary intestinal lymphangiectasia, and protein-losing enteropathy was demonstrated to have the characteristic immunologic deficiency associated with intestinal lymphangiectasia: hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphocytopenia, cutaneous anergy, impaired allograft rejection. and diminished in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses. Following surgical correction of the cardiac abnormality, the intestinal lymphangiectasia and protein-losing gastroenteropathy resolved and was accompanied by a slow but progressive return of normal immune function. This documented reversal of the immunologic deficiency in intestinal lymphangiectasia supports the concept that the immune defect in this syndrome is due to the excessive loss of lymphocytes and immunoglobulins into the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1127502 TI - Long-term effect of phototherapy on visual function. AB - Computer-averaged electroretinogram records were used to examine scotopic retinal functioning of a group of 4-year-old children who were treated for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by exposure to at least 42 consecutive hours of continuous phototherapy. Dark adaptation functions of the children were similar to those previously found for control subjects, suggesting that no permanent damage to rod function had been incurred during exposure. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the final electroretinographic amplitudes of light treated and control subjects. Ophthalmologic and neurologic examinations were also negative. PMID- 1127503 TI - Cerebroside sulfatase activity in cultivated human skin fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells;. AB - In an effort to improve the precision in prenatal monitoring for metachromatic leukodystrophy, levels of cerebroside sulfatase were determined in fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells. Cells from MLD patients demonstrated no significant sulfatide hydrolysis, whereas cultures from heterozygous subjects hydrolyzed diminished but definite amounts of sulfatide. Cells from a fetus with low arylsulfatase A activity were able to cleave considerable amounts of sulfatide; enzyme assays performed postnatally suggest that the infant is heterozygous for MLD. This report documents the value of cerebroside sulfatase assays in the in utero monitoring for MLD. PMID- 1127504 TI - Hydrops fetalis associated with erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency and maternal ingestion of fava beans and ascorbic acid. PMID- 1127505 TI - Cardiovascular malformations associated with imperforate anus. PMID- 1127506 TI - Roentgen patterns of extravasation of calcium gluconate in the tissues of the neonate. AB - Calcium gluconate is irritating to soft tissues and can produce tissue necrosis and slough; Radiographs of the part following extravasation initially show only soft tissue swelling. A variable pattern of soft tissue calcification then develops in one to three weeks, and gradually is completely resorbed over several months' time. The cause of the soft tissue calcifications may be quite puzzling, if the incident of calcium gluconate extravasation has been overlooked. PMID- 1127507 TI - Effects of gentamicin on albumin binding of bilirubin. AB - The effects of gentamicin on albumin binding of bilirubin and bilirubin transport were studied using Sephadex gel filtration, spectrophotometric analysis, peroxidase assay, and red blood cell uptake. No significant interaction between gentamicin and bilirubin binding or transport was observed. PMID- 1127508 TI - Effects of gentamicin on albumin binding of bilirubin. Commentary. PMID- 1127509 TI - Brain tissue levels in a fatal case of neonatal mepivacaine (Carbocaine) poisoning. AB - A fatal case of mepivacaine poisoning in a newborn infant is reported. Regional brain tissue concentrations of mepivacaine were determined by a sensitive and specific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. The brain tissue levels in this patient were higher than those previously reported, possibly due to alkalosis occurring several hours prior to the infant's death. PMID- 1127510 TI - The role of the pediatric nurse practitioner in a neonatal unit. AB - A pediatric nurse practitioner was given responsibility for a nursery. Her major responsibilities included: (1) daily chart and infant rounds, (2) initial physical examinations, (3) rounds with mothers, and (4) daily report to the physician on the condition and problems in her nursery. Over a one-year period of time, the PNP detected 20 serious problems, such as significant jaundice, sepsis, tachypnea, hypoglycemia, and two major congenital anomalies. The accuracy of the physical examination by the PNP was compared with that of the physician. In 72 percent of cases, the assessment of the PNP was essentially the same as that of the physician; in the remaining 28 percent the differences in diagnosis were minor and related to the timing of the examination. A telephone interview of a random sample of mothers showed that mothers under the care of the PNP had received more instructions on infant care; an 81 percent return of the infants to the clinic was achieved. The pediatric residents approved the participation of the PNP in the nursery. It is concluded that there is a useful role for the PNP in a neonatal unit. PMID- 1127511 TI - Letter: Goiter and ichthyosis. PMID- 1127512 TI - Letter: Survival of infant with argininosuccinic aciduria to 3 months of age. PMID- 1127513 TI - Letter: Posttraumatic purulent meningitis due to Bordetella bronchiseptica. PMID- 1127514 TI - Letter: Umbilical-arterial catheterization in high-risk infants. PMID- 1127515 TI - Letter: Extrahepatic biliary atresia and the polysplenia syndrome. PMID- 1127516 TI - Letter: Echographic interpretation of pericardial effusion. PMID- 1127518 TI - Letter: Nasojejunal feeding. PMID- 1127517 TI - Letter: Source of renal vein renin questioned. PMID- 1127519 TI - Letter: The origin of the hypothalamus. PMID- 1127520 TI - Letter:Neonatal purpura secondary to maternal salicylism. PMID- 1127521 TI - Is mumps virus an etiologic factor in juvenile diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1127522 TI - Renal function and diuretic therapy in infants and children. Part III. PMID- 1127523 TI - The immune response in iron-deficient children: Impaired cellular defense mechanisms with altered humoral components. AB - Humoral and cellular defense mechanisms were evaluated in 20 children with iron deficiency anemia and in seven with latent iron deficiency. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations, salivary IgA, and total hemolytic complement were within normal range; C'3 concentration was increased. Tests of lymphocyte function showed impaired delayed hypersensitivity skin responses in vivo and decreased in vitro H 3-thymidine incorporation following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and candida antigen. Tests of neutrophil function showed normal nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, decreased bactericidal function, and increased chemotactic activity. These abnormalities could be detected in latent iron deficiency before the development of clinical anemia suggesting that altered immunologic function was an early manifestation of iron deficiency. Normal results were obtained two to three months after iron therapy was begun. The clinical implication of these findings is disucssed in relationship to the reported susceptibility of iron deficient children to intercurrent infections. PMID- 1127524 TI - Familial occurrence of nonobstructive, noninfectious vesicoureteral reflux with renal scarring. AB - A family is described in which gross vesicoureteral reflux and renal scarring are present in the father and three sons, none with a history of urinary tract infection. Vesicoureteral reflux alone is present in an infant daughter. Father to-son transmission of vesicoureteral reflux has not been previously reported. Autosomal dominant inheritance of the trait is suggested. The renal scarring noted in these patients may reflect generalized maldevelopment of affected renal units. The increasing recognition of vesicoureteral reflux as a familial trait suggests the need for evaluation of families in which vesicoureteral reflux is found in more than one member. PMID- 1127525 TI - Fanconi syndrome following bowel surgery and hepatitis reversed by 25 hydroxycholecalciferol. AB - A permature male infant required intravenous alimentation for six weeks following extensive surgery for ileal and cecal necrosis. At 3 months he developed evidence of hepatitis. Subsequently osteoporosis and the Fanconi syndrome appeared. Urine phosphate clearance was 83 percent of creatinine clearance at a serum phosphate concentration of 1.6 mg/dl. Concentration of plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was elevated at 550 pg/ml. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol was given at 240 mug/day. Aminoaciduria disappeared and bone healing occurred. Serum phosphate rose to 6.5 mg/dl and phosphate clearance fell to 2 percent of creatinine clearance. Upon cessation of 25-OHCC therapy, the Fanconi syndrome recurred despite administration of vitamin D2. 25-OHCC was then administered at 40 mug/day, and the urine abnormalities were reversed. The patient probably developed hyperparathyroidism, secondary malabsorption, and hepatitis. The Fanconi syndrome was the consequence of the hyperparathyroidism. 25-OHCC therapy was more effective than vitamin D in reversing the disordered state, possibly because of impaired hepatic metabolism of vitamin D2. PMID- 1127526 TI - Analbuminemia in a neonate. AB - A small-for-gestational-age infant, found to have analbuminemia in the neonatal period, is reported and the twelve cases recorded in the world literature are reviewed. Patients lacking this serum protein are essentially asymptomatic, apart from minimal ankle edema and ease of fatigue. Apparent compensatory mechanisms which come into play when serum albumin is low include prolonged half-life of albumin and transferrin, an increase in serum globulins, beta lipoprotein, and glycoproteins, arterial hypotension with reduced capillary hydrostatic pressure, and the ability to respond with rapid sodium and chloride diuresis in response to small volume changes. Examination of plasma amino acids, an investigation not previously reported, revealed an extremely low plasma tryptophan level, a finding which may be important in view of the role of tryptophan in albumin synthesis. PMID- 1127527 TI - The nature of the residual arylsulfatase activity in metachromatic leukodystrophy. PMID- 1127528 TI - The inheritance of the Aarskog facial-digital-genital syndrome. AB - Prominent physical features of the Aarskog syndrome are short stature, telecanthus, ptosis, short broad nose, long philtrum, thin upper vermilion border and pouty lower lip, low-set jug-handle ears, short broad hands with clawlike positioning of the fingers, broad feet with bulbous toes, ventral scrotal folds, cryptorchidism, and hernias. Four families with 20 affected males are reported. Pedigree analysis is compatible with X-linked recessive inheritance with occasional partial expression in heterozygote females. The fact that seven sons, all unaffected, have been born to affected males argues against the alternative hypothesis of autosomal sex-influenced inheritance. PMID- 1127529 TI - Impaired immunocompetence associated with iron deficiency. PMID- 1127530 TI - Plasma, erythrocyte, and leukocyte ascorbic acid concentrations in children with iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 1127531 TI - Histidinemia with features of the Marfan syndrome. PMID- 1127532 TI - Brachial plexus neuropathy in childhood. PMID- 1127533 TI - Striking aortic root dilatation in a patient with the Larsen syndrome. PMID- 1127534 TI - A G-like trisomy with a major 15 proximal supernumerary component derived from a D/E balanced maternal interchange. PMID- 1127535 TI - Thalassemia in Greek Americans. PMID- 1127536 TI - Studies in calcium metabolism in infants with intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Serial serum Ca values in 47 infants with intrauterine growth retardation were analyzed in relation to clinical and biochemical factors. Serum Ca concentrations in IUGR infants fell within the 95 percent confidence limits for serum Ca in infants whose birth weights were appropriate for gestational age. Serum Ca concentrations in IUGR infants were significantly correlated with birth asphyxia and bicarbonate therapy for acidosis. Serum Ca concentration at 24 hours of age was inversely correlated with serum P values. Thus the incidence of neonatal hyocalcemia in IUGR infants is not increased above the incidence expected from their respective gestational ages. Infants with IUGR who are well at birth do not appear to develop neonatal hypocalcemia, but IUGR infants who are asphyxiated at birth develop significant hypocalcemia. PMID- 1127538 TI - Letter: Impetigo neonatorum congenita due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection. PMID- 1127537 TI - Preliminary report: treatment of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome with aspirin and dipyridamole. AB - Three children with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome were treated with heparin, aspirin, and dipyridamole. Two of the children had remained profoundly thrombocytopenic in spite of platelet transfusion and heparin therapy. All three patients responded with prompt elevation of their platelet counts and apparent termination of the pathologic consumption of platelets. Our experience suggests not only that primary platelet consumption may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the HUS, but also that such patients may benefit from therapy with drugs which inhibit platelet function. PMID- 1127540 TI - Letter: Vocal cord paralysis in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1127539 TI - Letter: A metabolic myopathy associated with chronic lactic acidemia, growth failure, and nerve deafness. PMID- 1127541 TI - Letter: Peritoneal dialysis catheter for small infants. PMID- 1127542 TI - Letter: Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and patent ductus arteriosus in the newborn infant. PMID- 1127543 TI - Letter: On the classification of primary immunodeficiencies. PMID- 1127544 TI - Letter: Cytologic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 1127545 TI - Letter: Feeding and plasma NEFA levels in newborn infants. PMID- 1127546 TI - Iron deficiency anemia: its relationship to infection susceptibility and host defense. PMID- 1127547 TI - An emergency for children in developing countries. PMID- 1127548 TI - Vesicoureteral reflux and renal scarring. PMID- 1127549 TI - Description of Nematobibothrioides histoidii (Noble, 1974) (Trematoda: Didymozoidae) and comparison with other genera. AB - Nematobibothrioides histoidii, inhabiting the body wall tissues of the sunfish, Mola mola, is characterized by its great length, reaching over 12 m, diverticulated excretory horns, large excretory tube, presence of 2 suckers, rudimentary pharynx, absence of gland cells around pharynx and ceca, oblong vitelline reservoir, and oval eggs, 17 by 15 mu. A description is given of the single species. Of 19 genera in the subfamily Nematobothriinae, 6 that possess the greatest similarity with Nematobibothrioides are compared. A brief discussion of didymozoid affinities is given. PMID- 1127550 TI - Schistosoma mansoni miracidial behavior: an assay system for chemostimulation. AB - A new system for evaluating the responses of miracidia to chemostimulants is described. The apparatus consists of a translucent plastic block with a center well and a hole in the edge leading to the well. One end of a glass tube, covered with a dialysis membrane, was inserted into the hole. Experimental solutions to be tested were put into the tube and Schistosoma mansoni miracidial behavior was observed in the well on the other side of the permeable membrane. Miracidia were released near the membrane; those which contacted the membrane were scored as to whether they returned (contact with return) or did not return (contact without return) before leaving the field of view. Materials eliciting significantly more contact with return responses than did controls were considered to be stimulatory. In this assay system, snail (Biomphalaria glabrata) conditioned water elicited 75% contact with return as compared to 8% for well water control (P less than 0.05). Tracings from motion pictures showed swimming behavior of miracidia toward snail-conditioned water to be different from behavior toward well water controls. This system permits generation of dilution response curves for chemicals and provides generally quantitative results. PMID- 1127551 TI - Genetic studies on variation in infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Biomphalaria glabrata snails of known genetic susceptibility types were exposed to miracidia from 2 strains of Schistosoma mansoni differing in infectivity.. Individual snails were exposed to single miracidia and penetration observed. Snails of a genetic type susceptible to both parasite strains served as controls, while snails of a genetic type susceptible to one parasite strain but relatively refractory to the other served as test snails to demonstrate the difference in parasite infectivity. Cercariae from snails with single sex infection of each of the 2 parasite strains were injected into mice to provide crosses. Results of test snail exposures to F1 miracidia from reciprocal crosses suggested that the parasite strain difference in infectivity was genetic and involved sex linkage. Results also suggested that the female S. mansoni was heterogametic (XY), the male XX. PMID- 1127552 TI - Cytochemistry of gastrodermal autophagy following starvation in Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The gastrodermis of adult Schistosoma mansoni was examined by electron microscopy to determine the effects of starvation and the effects of hycanthone, administered in vitro. Special attention was focused on the relationship of the Golgi complexes with the process of autophagy. In general, autophagy was increased in the gastrodermis when it was exposed to stress conditions such as starvation and hycanthone. Acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activities were used as enzyme markers for the Golgi complexes and lysosomes. During the early stages of starvation, there was a 4-fold increase in the number of Golgi complexes per unit area in the gastrodermis. A progressive increase in the number of secondary lysosomes was evident as starvation time was increased. Hycanthone accelerated the effects of starvation. It was hypothesized that acid hydrolases are passed to the Golgi complexes via ER-derived vesicles. The enzymes are subsequently released as primary lysosomes from the Golgi complex to fuse with cytosegresomes and form secondary lysosomes (cytosomes). PMID- 1127553 TI - Viruslike inclusions in the cecal epithelial cells of Pa agonimus kellicotti (Digenea, Troglotrematidae). AB - Rodlike or tubular inclusions are described from the cytoplasm and nuclear matrix of the cecal epithelial cells of Paragonimus kellicotti. These inclusions are 3.4 mu or more long, 350 A in diameter, and comprised of a wall of helically arranged subunits and a dense, possibly filar, central core. They occur in organized bundles of up to 17 members. Cells containing these inclusions manifest a series of nucleolar modifications typical of inclusions is discussed, noting especially their resemblance to known rodlike viruses from other systems. PMID- 1127554 TI - Tetraphyllidean cestodes from western North Atlantic selachians with descriptions of two new species. AB - Rhinebothrium corymbum sp. n. is described from Dasyatis americana Hildebrand and Schroeder. Rhabdotobothrium anterophallum sp. n. is reported from Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft) representing a new family of hosts (Mobulidae) for tetraphyllideans. Both new species can be distinguished from all others by the number and arrangement of bothridial loculi, position of the genital pore, and testes number and distribution. A new host and additional data are presented for Phoreiobothrium triloculatum Linton, 1901. The validity of Caulobothrium Baer, 1948, and Rhabdotobothrium Euzet, 1953, is discussed. PMID- 1127555 TI - An explanation of the apparent reversal of the circadian migration by Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) in the rat. AB - Hymenolepis diminuta exhibits 2 concurrent migrations: an age-dependent, forward migration and a circadian migration. In experiments where the age of worms was assumed to be uniform throughout the test-day, 2 patterns (7-day-old and 16-day old) of circadian migration were seen and an apparent reversal in circadian pattern suggested. In experiments where the age of worms became progressively older during the test-day, only the 16-day-old pattern was seen and no reversal was observed. The 7-day-old pattern and hence the apparent reversal in circadian migration is postulated to be an artifact of the method whereby both the age and size of worms were presumed to be uniform throughout the test-day. The 7-day-old pattern results from comparing worms of unequal size and thus at different positions in their forward migration. Data on the daily variation of stomach contents of rats and the results from protein determinations of 6-day-old worms support this hypothesis. Therefore H. diminuta is believed to exhibit only the 16 day-old pattern of circadian migration: an anterior migration between 12 midnight and 6 AM, and a posterior migration between 12 noon and 6 PM. PMID- 1127556 TI - Axenic growth of oncospheres of Hymenolepis citelli (Cestoda) to fully developed cysticerocoids. AB - Cysticercoids of the cestode Hymenolepis citelli were grown axenically in vitro from the oncosphere to stages infective for the mammalian host. Reducing agents were an essential component of the culture medium. Of several reducing agents tested, L-cysteine was the most effective. Concentration of reducing agent was critical in that excessive amounts induced abnormal growth. PMID- 1127557 TI - Sphaerirostris wertheimae sp. n., and other Acanthocephala from vertebrates of Israel. AB - Sphaerirostris wertheimae sp. n., is described from Burhinus oedicnemus and Vanellus vanellus in Israel. It is characterized by having 42 to 50 longitudinal rows of 12 to 14 hooks, the largest of which are 44 to 56 mu long. Seventeen species of Acanthocephala are reported from birds, mammals, and a reptile. PMID- 1127558 TI - Acanthocephalus parksidei sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Wisconsin fishes. AB - Acanthocephalus parksidei sp. n. is described from over 4,000 specimens recovered from 11 fish hosts in the Pike River, southeastern Wisconsin. A parksidei is a highly variable acanthocephalan which appears to present an intermediate form between the only 2 other members of the same genus, A. dirus and A. jacksoni, described from North American freshwater fishes. It is structurally similar to the larger A. dirus but is separated from it primarily by having fewer proboscis hook rows and hooks per row. It is separated from A. jacksoni on the basis of its slender body form, relatively larger size of male reproductive system in proportion to body size, as well as other features. It differs from the larger European A. lucii by having smaller proboscis hooks, different hook root shape, smaller proboscis receptacle, and smaller embryos. PMID- 1127559 TI - Variability in Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1974 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae). AB - Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1974, was recently described from 11 species of Wisconsin fishes. Considerable variation was observed in this acanthocephalan's body size, number and arrangement of proboscis hook, size of hooks, proboscis, proboscis receptacle, lemnisci, embryos, testes, and cement glands, and number of the latter two. Most of these variations were related to worm sex and age as well as host species. Structural variations in the shape and lobation of lemnisci, abnormalities in hooks and body wall, and changes associated with monorchidism in males were noted. The significance of the erection of this new taxon in relation to the taxonomic criteria applied to acanthocephalan species is discussed. PMID- 1127560 TI - Abdominal worm infection in newborn deer (Filarioidea: Setariidae). PMID- 1127561 TI - Host and seasonal associations of Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1974 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) in Wisconsin fishes. AB - Ecological associations of Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1974, were studied in 11 southeastern Wisconsin fishes during 1972-73. Parasitic load was found to be related to host species, size (age), sex, concurrent infections, collection site, and season. Distribution in host intestine was related to the extent or intensity of infection, posterior migration, and concurrent infections. Parasitic cycle commenced in later summer-early autumn, peaked (in frequency and maturation) during the spring, and terminated in the late summer. PMID- 1127562 TI - Thynnascaris reliquens sp. n. and T. habena (Linton, 1900) (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico and eastern U.S. seaboard. AB - Thynnascaris reliquens sp. n. is described from the type host, the sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum), and other fishes of the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern Florida, including the Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean); the spiny boxfish, Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum); the slippery dick, Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch); and the Atlantic croaker, Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus). Its salient characters are: length up to approximately to 12.5 cm; lips broad, with pedunculate pulp and equatorially constricted flanges; esophagus 8 to 12% and spicles 3 to 6% of body length; preanal and postanal papillae up to 33 and 6 pairs, respectively. In the type host, some adults attained a considerably greater size than in other hosts, and their labial morphology changed as the maximum length was approached. Thynnascaris habena is redescribed from the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau (Linnaeus), its type host, on the basis of examination of specimens collected from Massachusetts, Virginia, and Georgia. Thynnascaris melichthysi (Olsen, 1952) and T. ogcocephali (Olsen, 1952) are transferred from the genus Contracaecum as new combinations. PMID- 1127563 TI - Filaroides hirthi sp. n. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) from the lung of the dog. AB - Filaroides hirthi sp. n. is smaller than previously described species of the genus Filaroides v. Beneden, 1858, and differs from F. milksi Whitlock, 1956, with which it is most likely to be confused, in having shorter, slightly stouter spicules with a broader proximal knob for attachment of the retractor muscles. PMID- 1127564 TI - Rapid morphological transformations of spermatozoa in the uterus of Brugia pahangi (Nematoda, Filarioidea). AB - Mature, umated male and female Brugia pahangi worms were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of gerbils, allowed to mate, and then recovered and examined by means of electron microscopy. The proximal portion of the uterus of female worms recovered in copula contained a morphologically heterogenous population of sperm ranging from a rigid, nonmotile form to the mature ameboid sperm. The immotile sperm are identical in morphology to sperm found within the seminal vesicle of the male. The in utero transformations occur in less than 1 hr, and probably represent a final maturation event preceding competency to fertilize eggs. First in the sequence of events leading to the mature spermatozoon is a decrease in the density of the cytoplasmic matrix concomitant with the elaboration of an abundant tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The position and appearance of the sperm in the uterus suggest that the formation of this membranous system occurs within minutes and involves de novo assembly from cytoplasmic precursors. Following the appearance of the tubular membranous system, certain other membranous organelles become spherical, fuse with the plasmalemma, and release their electron-dense contents into the lumen of the uterus. Filamentous rodlike elements, previously extending the length of the peripheral cytoplasm, begin to disintegrate and cytoplasmic projections form at the margins of the cell. Polarization of the sperm results from the aggregation of mitochondria, nuclear material, endoplasmic reticulum, and membranous organelles at one pole of the cell leaving an organelle free filamentous pseudopod at the other. PMID- 1127565 TI - A method for isolating large numbers of Sarcoptes scabiei from lesions in the ears of pigs. PMID- 1127566 TI - Dirofilariaformia pulmoni sp. n. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from the eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin). AB - Dirofilariaeformia pulmoni sp. n. from the eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin) is differentiated from other species of the genus by its smaller body size, shorter spicules, arrangement of caudal papillae, and morphology of microfilariae. Adult filarids were found in the pulmonary artery and its branches, and the microfilariae occurred in the blood. A large antemortem thrombus that occluded approximately two-thirds of the lumen of the artery was associated with infection in one squirrel. PMID- 1127567 TI - Aroapyrgus costaricensis, hydrobiid snail host of paragonimiasis in Costa Rica. AB - A small freshwater hydrobiid snail found in narrow shallow steams at various altitudes in Costa Rica is the intermediate host of Paragonimus mexicanus. Based on the morphology of its shell and soft parts the snail is assigned to the species Aroapyrgus costaricensis (Morch). It is easily maintained in the laboratory; the female is ovoviviparous, carries up to 40 embryos in its brood pouch, and young-to-young cycle is about 10 weeks. Natural infection rates with rediae and cercariae of Paragonimus mexicanus are less than 1%, the majority of the naturally infected snails are of medium size (about 2 mm in height), but all sizes (ages) can be experimentally infected. The microcercous cercairae of P. mexicanus emerge from A. costaricensis in late afternoon and evening, about 2 months after exposure to the miracidia. PMID- 1127568 TI - Two new species and new records of nasal mites of the genus Sternostoma (Acarina: Rhinonyssinae) from birds in Texas. AB - Two new species and new host and locality records are established for nasal mites of the genus Sternostoma from birds in Texas. Sternostoma tracheacolum Lawrence is reported for the first time from Pipilo fuscus and Pyrrhuloxia sinuata, respectively. Additionally, a new host record for Sternostoma porteri Hyland from Centurus aurifrons and a new locality record for Sternostoma pirangae Pence from Piranga rubra are established. A redescription is provided for Sternostoma augei Amaral from Speotyto cunicularia. Sternostoma crotophagae sp. n. is described from Crotophaga sulcirostris. It differs from the other species of the genus by the heavily sclerotized margins of the anal plate and tiny cribrum, the two small rounded bifuractions of the movable digit of the chelicerae, abscence of dorsal opisthosomal setae (J, Z, and R series), and chaetotaxy of tarsi II, III, and IV which have only 3 ventral club-shaped setae in the distal row (al1, av2, and pl1 with pv1 apparently absent) and 2 club-shaped setae in the more proximal row (al2 and av3 with pv3 modified into a spinelike seta in the more proximal row and al2 and av3 with pv3 modified into a spinelike seta having an enlarged base and pl2 shorter and with a rounded tip). Sternostoma sayornis sp. n. is described from Sayornis nigricans. The new species is most similar to Sternostoma hedonophilum Fain but differs in the absence of enlarged punctate areas around the stigmata, 5 additional pairs of seta on dorsal opisthosoma (Z and R series), absence of gnathosomal and capitular setae, and slight differences in the leg chaetotaxy with al1 and pl1 on tarsi II, III, and IV very long and whip-like and slight differences in the solenidia on and adjacent to the sensorial area of tarsus I. The host-parasite relationships and affinities of the species of Sternostoma from the host family Tyrannidae are briefly discussed and Sternostoma callithrix Fain and Aitken is reduced as a synonym of Sternostoma longisetosa Hyland on the basis of their existing descriptions. PMID- 1127569 TI - Diapause in Ornithomya biloba Dufour (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) parasitic on fairy martins in South Australia. AB - A pupal diapause in Ornithomya biloba gives the parasite a life cycle that is well adapted to the migratory life cycle of its host, Petrochelidon ariel (Gould). The fairy martins breed in colonial mud nests to which they return each spring and abandon when they migrate during late summer and autumn. The parasites spend the summer as diapausing puparia in the abandoned nests. Diapause development is completed during winter and the adult flies emerge during August about the time that the martins return. In the laboratory diapause development was completed most rapidly at about 11 C. The parasites complete at least one nondiapausing generation during spring and early summer but diapausing puparaia begin to appear in the nests about the time of the summer solstice. It is not known whether the facultative diapause is induced by photoperiod or food. PMID- 1127570 TI - Neonatal susceptibility of Brazilian Biomphalaria to Puerto Rican Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 1127571 TI - Transtegumental absorption of amino acids by male Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 1127572 TI - Helminth parasites of the common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula versicolor) in central Ohio. PMID- 1127573 TI - Occurrence of carotenoids in Himasthla quissetensis rediae and the host, Nassarius absoletus. PMID- 1127574 TI - Pharmocokinetics of hexobarbital in man after intravenous infusion. AB - The plasma levels of hexobarbital in humans were determined during and after a 30 min or 60-min zero-order intravenous infusion. Hexobarbital kinetics could be described by conceiving the body to exhibit two compartments. The plasma concentrations were fitted to the postinfusion equation and the parameters intrinsic to the two-compartment open model were estimated. The elimination half life varied considerably among the 14 individuals (160-441-min), which could mainly be explained by the greatly varying metabolic clearance of the compound (123-360 ml/min). The apparent volume of distribution per kilogram of body weight was relatively constant (1.10 plus or minus 0.12 liters/kg). PMID- 1127575 TI - The role of the liver in the clearance of l-dope from plasma. AB - The role of the liver in the plasma clearance of l-dopa in the rat was examined. Some published studies which ascribe an important role to the liver in l-dopa clearance are discussed and critically evaluated. Contrary evidence suggesting that the liver is not a significant site of l-dopa clearance in vivo is presented. The plasma concentration of l-dopa during intravenous infusion of the drug was not significantly reduced after a single passage through the liver. All of the data discussed are consistent with the conclusion that the liver plays a minor role in l-dopa clearance in vivo. It is suggested that the small intestine is the major site of metabolism of orally administered l-dopa. PMID- 1127576 TI - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in relation to increased pain sensitivity in the rat. AB - In the rat, theophylline increases, in proporation to dose, the sensitivity to painful stimulation. A study of the pharmacological registration of this property combined with the determination of drug... levels in plasma indicated that theophylline behaves according to a two-compartment open modelmby relating the pharmacological activities to the drug level data using different pharmacokinetic types of calculation, it was concluded that the site of action of theophylline in the central nervous system lies closer to the central (plasma) compartment than to the peripheral one. The registered pharmacological effects of theophylline are thus directly reflected by the plasma concentration of this drug. PMID- 1127577 TI - A dissolution rate apparatus for the prediction of initial drug absorption patterns in beagles: tolbutamide tablets. AB - An apparatus utilizing liquid turbulence to simulate hydrodynamic conditions generated by gastrointestinal peristalsis was designed to estimate drug release from solid oral dosage forms; This turbulence was achieved through special arrangements of a pipetting pump to a dissolution chamber. By adjusting the flow rate of the pump to deliver and withdraw a fixed volume of dissolution medium per minute, a correlation was developed between dissolution rates and absorption patterns in beagles of two commerical tolbutamide tablets, A and B, and a micronized tolbutamide suspensionmon the basis of this relationship, it was possible to predict the initial absorption patterns of two misformulated tablets, C and D. PMID- 1127578 TI - Application of the Loo-Riegelman absorption method. AB - The Loo-Reigelman absorption method provides the correct A infinity/V1 value and the correct rate constant ka (if absorption is first order), whether metabolism occurs in compartment 1 only, compartment 2 only, or both compartments 1 and 2 of the two-compartment open models. In cases where there is metabolism in compartment 2, the disposition parameters estimated from intravenous data are only apparent and not the real values. The correct A infinity/V1 and ka values are obtained, however, only under conditions not hithertofore specified. Thes conditions are that there must be essentially no bias in the disposition parameters k12, k21 and kel, and in the C0 value estimated from the intravenous data, and that in the oral study a large number of interpolated plasma concentrations, as well as the observed plasma concentrations, must be used, especially for drugs with long half-lives. It is shown that application of the Guggenheim method to the initial At/V1, t values frequently provides a better method of estimating A infinity/V1 and ka than the classical method. If biased disposition parameters are used in application of the Loo-Reigelman method oral data, then essentially the correct ovalue of ka will be estimated, but the estimate of A infinity/V1 will be approximately equal to the true value of A infinity/V1 multiplied by the ratio of the biased C0 value (obtained in fitting the intravenous data) to the true C0 value of the intravenous data. The above indicates that intravenous data should be fitted by computer until there are no systematic deviations or trends and as small a sum of squared deviations as possible is obtainedmthe oral data should be fitted by spline or Akima methods, or similar procedures, to produce a function which passes through each observed plasma concentration and at the same time provides a large number of interpolated concentration data. PMID- 1127579 TI - Rationale for design of biologically reversible drug derivatives: prodrugs. PMID- 1127580 TI - Crystal structures of azathioprine dihydrate and 6-methylmercaptopurine trihydrate. AB - The crystal and molecular structures of 6-methylmercaptopurine trihydrate and of azathioprine dihydrate were determined by the use of three-dimensional, X-ray, diffractometer data and were refined by least squares. Both molecules crystallize in the N(9)-H tautomer form, in contrast to the N(7)-H tautomer form found in crystals of 6-mercaptopurine. Unlike 6-mercaptopurine, or other thiopurines that have unsubstituted thio groups, the sulfur atoms of 6-methylmercaptopurine and azathioprine do not act as hydrogen-bond acceptors in the crystal structures. These two derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine assume a conformation in which the substituents on the sulfur atom are directed away from the imidazole moiety of the purine. PMID- 1127581 TI - Stability, absorption, excretion, and distribution of nafiverine. AB - The stability of a new antispasmodic, nafiverine, in an aqueous solution and in rabbit plasma was investigated. Metabolites of nafiverine in blood, bile, and urine were determined quantitatively. The effectiveness of an intramuscular administration of nafiverine was comparable to that of an intravenous administration. One metabolite of nafiverine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-[alpha (naphthyl)propionyloxy-2-ethyl]piperazine, is a new compound and its synthesis is described. PMID- 1127582 TI - Possible antineoplastic agents I. AB - A few thalidomide and glutarimide derivatives were synthesized. Several compounds possessed significant antineoplastic activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. PMID- 1127583 TI - Influence of topical anesthesia on tear dynamics and ocular drug bioavailability in albino rabbits. AB - The bioavailability of topically applied ocular drugs is very poor, due largely to drug loss through drainage and tear turnover. The use of high viscosity solutions or solid matrixes to delay or eliminate drainage is the usual approach for decreasing drug loss but the alternative approach of chemically reducing tear turnover and/or solution drainage has not been investigated. By means of a simple isotopic dilution technique, using radioactive technetium sulfur colloid, the quantitative influence of topical anesthetics on tear production and instilled solution drainage was determined. The reduction in the rate of tear turnover and solution drainage varies for different anesthetics and is dose dependent. The implication of these results for some long accepted clinical procedures is discussed, and questions are raised regarding the present understanding of the mechanisms of tear production. Quantitation of precorneal drug loss through instilled solution drainage and tear turnover permits the establishment of a baseline for ocular drug bioavailability. Aqueous humor drug concentration versus time profiles of radioactive pilocarpine nitrate were obtained, both in the presence and absence of topical anesthesia. The results verify the importance of tear turnover and instilled solution drainage as a major route of drug loss in the eye. Moreover, the success of the present study in improving ocular drug bioavailability by the chemical approach of repressing solution drainage and tear turnover suggests that this approach is viable for improving drug bioavailability. PMID- 1127584 TI - Simultaneous determination of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone in plasma by high-speed liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive, specific, high-speed liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of phenylbutazone and its metabolite, oxyphenbutazone, in plasma. Acidified plasma is partitioned with cyclohexane ether (1:1) containing the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of 3,4 dimethoxybenzaldehyde as an internal standard. The organic extract is reduced to dryness, the resulting residue is redissolved in chloroform, and aliquots of this solution are chromatographed on an adsorption column, using a mobile phase of 0.002% acetic acid and 23.0% tetrahydrofuran in n-hexane at 35 degrees. Use of a UV detector permits quantitative analysis of samples containing less than 0.25 mug/ml of phenylbutazone or oxyphenbutazone. PMID- 1127585 TI - Alkylation by secondary alcohols III: Fusion of medicinal sulfanilamides with benzhydrol. AB - The fusion of certain sulfanilamides with benzhydrol in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride affords several different products, depending primarily on the temperature at which the reaction is carried out. With sulfanilamide itself, three different products were isolated at 100, 160, and 180 degrees. A sequence of steps is suggested to account for the three products, one of which involves an intramolecular rearrangement of a benzhydryl moiety. The fusion of benzhydrol with p-toludine gives 2,6-dibenzhydrylaniline and not the N,N-dibenzhydryl derivative as previously reported. PMID- 1127586 TI - Active antitumor components in a decomposed amino sugar I: Effect of sugar structure on activity. AB - While pure methyl 5-(2-chloroethylamino)-5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D ribofuranoside hydrochloride has no L-1210 leukemia activity, a decomposed sample was found to be very active. One of several approaches taken to determine the nature of the active component involved a study of how sugar structure affects antitumor activity. A number of aminoribose derivatives were prepared and tested against the murine L-1210 and P-388 leukemia and the B-16 melanoma tumor systems. Compounds were tested as pure materials and as synthetically degraded mixtures. Both the beta-haloethyl group and a secondary amine were required for highest activity. PMID- 1127587 TI - Pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in monkeys following intravenous and oral administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine were evaluated in four male rhesus monkeys. A 20-mg/kg dose was administered by intravenous (5-min) infusion and orally (nasal-gastric intubation) in a propylene glycol-ethanol-water solvent. Plasma and urine determinations were performed by GLC. All semilogarithmic intravenous curves exhibited an irregular decay behavior in the first 3-hr period, followed by a linear disappearance phase (T 1/2 equals 1.0-2.4 hr). Urinary excretion measurements confirmed the short elimination half-life and showed that less than 1% of the dose was excreted unchanged. Oral studies also yielded a short elimination half-life (1.0-1.60 hr), which was confirmed by urinary excretion measurements. The oral curves were analyzed pharmacokinetically. The fraction of the dose reaching the systemic circulation ranged between 58 and 87%. Measurable (but insignificant) amounts of drug were found in the feces after intravenous and oral administrations. PMID- 1127588 TI - Simultaneous high-speed liquid chromatographic determination of tetracycline and rolitetracycline in rolitetracycline formulations. AB - A rapid, precise high-speed liquid chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous determination of tetracycline and rolitetracycline in rolitetracycline formulations is described. Samples are dissolved in water, chilled to 0 degrees, and chromatographed on a pellicular cation-exchange resin, The specificity of this method represents a significant improvement over present analytical procedures, which fail to differentiate between rolitetracycline and its hydrolysis product, tetracycline, in these formulations. PMID- 1127589 TI - Measurement of surface color and color difference of tablet colorants by tristimulus colorimetry. AB - The surface color of a series of color dispersions containing from one to three FD&C or D&C dyes suspended in a sucrose syrup was examined using tristimulus colorimetry. CIE (x, y) and Hunter (a, b) chromaticity data, determined directly from an integrating sphere colorimeter or from reflectance spectra and suitable calculations, were used to order materials by color on expanded chromaticity diagrams. Color difference was evaluated quantitatively from Hunter (a, b) data using the Judd color difference formula. Quality control specifications were established either by defining areas of acceptable color by applying limits to the chromaticity coordinates of color standards or by requiring the Judd color difference to be less than a specific number of National Bureau of Standards standard units. This method eliminates the subjective character of color evaluation and permits the quantitation of visual color difference. These differences can be used, in conjunction with defined color standards, to develop color specifications for tablet colorants, finished tablets, and liquid and cream pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 1127590 TI - Intragranular starch: comparison of starch USP and modified cornstarch. AB - Incorporation of starch USP or a modified cornstarch within the granules of several drug formulations was investigated. In general, the formulation containing the modified starch exhibited improved processing characteristics as well as improved tablet properties. A comparison of a granulated and a direct compression formulation of the same ingradients indicated that granulation of an active ingredient is not necessarily detrimental to its (pharmaceutical) availability. PMID- 1127591 TI - Pressure changes in bottles during sterilization by autoclaving. AB - A method is described to measure changes in pressure inside a bottle during autoclaving without disturbing the integrity of the seal. Experiments showed that, in a perfectly sealed bottle, the pressure rose to a maximum of 58.2 psi absolute. If the rubber linear was unable to maintain the seal, air leaked slowly from the bottle both during the heating-up and the early sterilization period. PMID- 1127592 TI - Effect of aging on physical properties of phenylbutazone tablets. AB - A study was made of the influence of age on the physical properties of phenylbutazone tablets BP, with special reference to in vitro dissolution rates. Past batches of tablets showed a progressive decrease in dissolution rate with age. This effect could be simulated in short periods by using elevated temperatures. The effect appears to be connected with the subcoat layer of the sugar coating of the tablet which adheres more strongly to the tablet core and slows down its disintegration. PMID- 1127593 TI - 5-chloro-2-pyrimidinyl analog of dantrolene. AB - 1-[5-(5-Chloro-2-pyrimidinyl)furfurylidene]amino-hydantoin, a structural analog of the skeletal muscle contraction antagonist dantrolene, was synthesized and found to have no skeletal muscle relaxant activity. PMID- 1127594 TI - Alkaloids of Vinca species V: structure elucidation of herbadine, an alkaloid isolated from Vinca libanotica. AB - Herbadine, a novel dihydroindole alkaloid, was isolated from the arterial parts of Vinca libanotica Zucc. (Apocynaceae). The physical and spectral data (UV, IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy) indicated the alkaloid to be a derivative of aimaline. Comparative high-resolution NMR studies with quebrachidine and high resolution mass spectral studies established the structure of the alkaloid to be 2-epi-3-hydroxyquebrachidine. Herbadine was previously isolated from another species by Russian workers and a structure was postulated. The current paper gives evidence for a corrected structure of herbadine. PMID- 1127595 TI - Fluorometric and GLC analyses of aristolochic acid. AB - Aristolochic acid is a natural product with possible implication in Balkan endemic nephropathy. A convenient fluorometric assay for the compound is described based on reduction to the lactam and measurement of the intensity of fluorescence. The limit of sensitivity was 0.05 mug/ml. A GLC assay is also described, based on flash methylation of aristolochic acid and its lactam using trimethylanilinium hydroxide. Conditions for optimum performance with a sensitivity limit of 1-5 mug/ml are described. PMID- 1127596 TI - Long acting delivery systems for narcotic antagonists II: release rates of naltrexone from poly(lactic acid) composites. AB - Parallel in vitro and in vivo release rates of tritiated naltrexone from poly(lactic acid) composites were studied. The in vitro release of naltrexone was 67% of the dose over a 35-day test period, while the in vivo release was only 24% within 70 days. Apparently, an exchange of the tritium for the hydrogen of the body water takes place, indicating that urinary excretion radioactivity is not a reliable measure for estimating the naltrexone released. Naltrexone-poly(lactic acid) composites showed effective blocking action to morphine in rats (24 days), dogs (29 days), monkeys (20 days), and mice (21 days). PMID- 1127597 TI - Dehydration of tetracycline. AB - The dehydration of tetracycline at the C-5a-C-6 position as a function of acidity was investigated at various temperatures. The rate was first order with respect to tetracycline and with respect to [H+]. Rate constants and an activation energy are reported. Tetracycline was unstable in dilute acid. PMID- 1127598 TI - New compounds: addition products of heterocyclic chalcones. AB - Michael-type adducts, 1,3-heterocyclic-3-mercaptopropan-1-ones, were prepared by the base-catalyzed reaction of heterocyclic chalcones with thiols. These new compounds were found to be active as fungicides. PMID- 1127599 TI - Influence of peroxide impurities in polyethylene glycols on drug stability. PMID- 1127600 TI - Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. IX: Stability of synthetic and naturally occurring cannabinoids in chloroform. PMID- 1127601 TI - Disposition of N,N-bis(phenylcarbamoylmethyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride in the rat: an interesting example of first-pass metabolism. PMID- 1127602 TI - Cholelithiasis chemotherapy: an in vitro approach. PMID- 1127603 TI - Evaluation of nuclear-substituted styryl ketones and related compounds for antitumor and cytotoxic properties. AB - A number of nuclear-substituted styryl ketones, the related Mannich bases, and allyl alcohols were synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity, principally in the L-1210 lymphoid leukemia and P-388 lymphocytic leukemia screening tests. The cytotoxicity of some of these compounds assessed in Eagle's 9KB carcinoma cell culture system was also recorded. Two of the Mannich bases showed promising levels of activity in the P-388 screening; of the results obtained to date, over one-third of the derivatives showed cytotoxicity at dose levels of 1-3 ppm. Other pharmacological results of these compounds are briefly reported. PMID- 1127604 TI - Submicrogram assay for scopolamine in plasma and urine. AB - A GLC-mass spectrometric method for scopolamine, sensitive to 50 pg/ml for a 4-ml plasma or urine sample, was developed. The method used a deuterated internal standard to minimize variability in absolute recovery in the extraction procedure. Scopoline and deuterated scopoline were formed from the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of scopolamine and the internal standard and were analyzed as the heptafluorobutyrates, using a GLC-mass spectrometric system by monitoring the m/e 138 and 141 fragments, respectively. PMID- 1127605 TI - Effect of ethanol on theophylline absorption in humans. AB - This study was carried out to determine if ethanol, which enhances theophylline absorption from the rat small intestine, has a similar effect when administered orally to human subjects. Seven normal adults received 200 mg of theophylline/m-2 of body surface area, in 50 ml of either aqueous solution or hydroalcoholic solution containing 20% ethanol. There was no significant difference in the average plasma concentrations of theophylline produced by these two solutions, but three subjects (all female) experienced nausea after taking the aqueous solution while none became nauseous after taking theophylline in the hydroalcoholic solution. PMID- 1127606 TI - A scanning calorimeter for thermal analysis of biological materials. PMID- 1127607 TI - Letter: A digital computer method for revealing directional information in images. PMID- 1127608 TI - The volume and energy content of meals as determinants of gastric emptying. AB - 1. Results were collected from thirty-three published and unpublished studies of gastric emptying. The volumes of the meals ranged from 50 to 1250 ml., and composition varied from pure carbohydrates to ordinary food. 2. From the published composition of the meals, their nutritive density, as kcal/ml. (4-18 KJ/ml.) was computed: it ranged from zero to 2-3 kcal/ml. 3. The volume of each meal, or test meal, delivered to the duodenum in 30 min was determined, assuming that gastric emptying was exponential. 4. The greater the nutritive density of a meal, the less was the volume transferred to the duodenum in 30 min. The original volume of meal given was not a determinant of the rate of emptying (ml./min). 5. The slowing of gastric emptying with a meal of high nutritive density was not sufficient to prevent an increased rate of delivery of energy to the duodenum (nutritive density times volume delivered in unit time) with a meal of high nutritive density. 6. Assuming an appropriate relationship for the interaction of a stimulus (kcal/ml.) and duodenal receptors, it was possible to predict a rate of gastric emptying for each meal, given its nutritive density. Knowing the initial volume of the meal, it was possible to predict the mean half time for its emptying. 7. There were eight sets of anomalous results: in four the volumes of meal given were less than 200 ml.; explanations of the anomalies in the other four results could not be provided. 8. The results are consistent with equal slowing of gastric emptying by the duodenal action of the products of digestion of isocaloric amounts of fat, protein and carbohydrate, for example, 4 g fat or 9 g carbohydrate, both 36 kcal, taking carbohydrate and protein as 4 kcal/g and fat as 9 kcal/g. PMID- 1127609 TI - Eye movements due to linear accelerations in the rabbit. AB - 1. Compensatory vertical or torsional eye movements of rabbits caused by linear accelerations along the transverse or sagittal axis were measured. Sinusoidal accelerations (parallel swing) in a frequency range of 0-068--1-22 Hz and acceleration steps (linear track) of 0-02--0-11 g were applied. 2. On the parallel swing, properties of the maculo-ocular reflexes were similar for transverse and sagittal acceleration. Gain (rotation of eye/rotation of the resultant linear vector) proved to be very low: about 0-1 for 0-3 Hz and smaller than 0-01 for frequencies above 1-0 Hz. The decrease in gain was accompanied by an increase in phase lag to about 180degrees. No non-linearity was revealed by the use of different amplitudes (10--30 cm). 3. On the linear track, eye deviation after an acceleration step took many seconds to develop fully. Gain increased with time and was about 0-65 after 5 sec. 4. The results indicate that the responses of the otoliths, as reflected in maculo-ocular reactions, are very slow. Fluctuations in the direction of gravity seem to be averaged over several seconds by the system. This may explain that erratic linear accelerations(frequency greater than 1 Hz) during locomotion or transport do not lead to eye movements or disorientation. PMID- 1127610 TI - The transmission of -125-I-labelled immunoglobulin G by proximal and distal regions of the small intestine of 16-day-old rats. AB - 1. Standard doses of -125-I-labelled rat IgG were injected into the intestinal lumen of rats aged 16 days, and their sera were sampled 2 and 3 hr later. High concentration quotients were obtained after injection into the proximal small intestime, whereas very little immunoglobulin was transmitted from doses injected into the terminal 20 cm of the small intestine. 2. The villi of the terminal 18- 20 cm of the small intestine of 16-day-old rats, the region from which very little transmission of IgG occurred, were lined by tall columnar absorptive cells with very larg supra-nuclear vacuoles. The extent of the terminal intestine, in which this cell type predominated in the absorptive epithelium, varied with age. The importance of defining the precise location of the region of the intestine under examination is stressed. 3. The experimental results and the histological observations are discussed in relation to (a) the results which have been obtained using PVP, which is unsuitable as an indicator of immunoglobulin transport in the rat and (b) the histological composition of the absorptive epithelium and the maturation changes which affect the epithelium between 18 and 21 days. PMID- 1127611 TI - Receptive fields in cat superior colliculus after visual cortex lesions. AB - 1. The superior colliculus has been studied in intact cats and in cats with visual cortex lexions by recording the responses of single tectal units to visual stimuli. 2. Three classes of units have been identified in the superficial layers of the colliculus in these visually decorticate cats. 3. One class, comprising 5% of the units studied, has receptive fields organized concentrically in a manner similar to retinal ganglion cells. 4. The second class, comprising 12% of the units studied, responds to stimulus velocities over 300/sec, responds well to both small and large stimuli, and can be driven by strobe flashes at frequencies up to 35--40/sec. These units are termed 'flicker' cells. 5. The third class comprising 83% of the units studied, responds best to stimuli which are not larger than the activating region of the receptive field, moving at relatively low velocities. These units show strong suppressive surrounds which are sensitive to higher velocities of stimulus movement than the central activating region. Responses from the activating region in these units are dramatically inhibited by flickering dhanges in the level of background illumination. 6. In intact cats few units are found which are strongly inhibited by background flicker. 7. It is suggested that a high-velocity sensitive element such as the 'flicker' cell or phasic retinal ganglion cell is responsible for the flicker-induced inhibition of collicular units in the visually decorticate cat. PMID- 1127612 TI - Thyroid control of small intestinal oxygen consumption and the influence of sodium ions, oxyhen tension, glucose and anaesthesia. AB - 1. Oxygen consumption of jejunum removed from either killed or anaesthetized euthytoid, hypothyroid and triiodothyronine (T3)-treated rats was measured polarographically in vitro. 2. Hypothyroidism induced by drinking 6-n-propyl-2 thiouracil depressed jejunal oxygen consumption. 3. Treatment of euthyroid rats with T3 stimulated jejunal oxygen consumption by 39% in the presence of 28 mM glucose and by 23% in its absence. 4. Sodium ions appear to play a major permissive role in the action of T3 on jejunal oxygen uptake. In the presence of sodium, T3 stimulated significantly the oxygen consumption by 23% while in the absence of sodium the stimulation was only 10% which was not significant. The sodium-sensitive oxygen uptake of the jejunum was expanded by 57% after T3 treatment. PMID- 1127613 TI - Membrane properties of the smooth muscle cells of the rat anococcygeus muscle. AB - 1. The membrane properties of the rat anococcygeus muscle, during rest and activity, were investigated with micro-electrodes and partition stimulation. 2. Intercellular current spread occurred within the muscle and the mean length constant was 2-7 mm. The membrane showed rectification to depolarizing pulses. 3. The mean resting potential was --62-1 mV and the input resistance was 23-0 MOMEGA. Stimulation of intramural nerves produced depolarization to --21 mV and a 10% reduction in input resistance. Displacement of the membrane potential indicated that the transmembrane potential at the peak of the response was independent of the membrane potential. 4. Noradrenaline also produced depolarization and this was accompanied by a decrease in membrane resistance as indicated by a reduction in amplitude of the electrotonic potential. 5. It was concluded that the muscle possesses cable properties and that the action of the transmitter, noradrenaline, is to increase membrane permeability so that the membrane potential moves towards an equilibrium potential. PMID- 1127614 TI - Stimulus-response functions of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the human glabrous skin area. AB - 1. Single unit impluses were recorded from the ulnar and median nerves of awake human subjects with tungsten electrodes inserted percutaneously in the upper arm. 2. One hundred and one slowly adapting receptors with receptive fields in the glabrous skin area were studied. The units were classified as type SA-I and type SA-II largely on the basis of their responses to lateral stretching of the skin. Eighty-eight receptors did not respond to this type of stimulus (type SA-I), whereas thirteen receptors readily responded to stretching (type SA-II), AND OFTEN EXHIBITED DIRECTIONAL SENSITIVITY. 3. The SA-I receptors showed no spontaneous discharge, and the discharge pattern was mostly rather irregular, whereas most of the SA-II receptors had a spontaneous discharge, and a very regular discharge pattern. 4. The conduction velocities of the afferent were all in a A alpha range. The mean value for the SA-I receptors was 58-7 plus or minus 2-3m/sec, and for the SA-II receptors 45.3 plus or minus 3.6 m/sec. 5. The neural response to stimuli of varying skin indentation amplitudes was analyzed. The threshold for a dynamic response ranged for the SA-I receptors from 0.15 to 1.35 mm and for the SA-II receptors from 0.25 to 0.95 mm. The threshold for a static discharge ranged for the SA-I receptors from 0.25 to more than 2.0 mm and for the SA-II receptors from 0.55 to 1.65 mm. 6. The stimulus-response functions were analysed for 25 SA-I receptors and 2 SA-II receptors. A hyperbolic log tangent function was the best description when the neural response was defined as the total number of impluses evoked by a stimulus of 1 sec duration. When only the static part of this type of plot was analyzed, a power function was a very good description for many units, but other functions (linear, logarithmic exponential, log tanh) were equally good or better for many units. This was also the dase when the mean impulse frequency of the sustained discharge was defined as a measure of the neural response. These two latter types of plots were clearly negatively accelerating, the exponent of the power function being 0.66 (mean). PMID- 1127616 TI - Industrial pollution and health. PMID- 1127617 TI - Dietary fibre and 'pressure diseases'. PMID- 1127615 TI - Observation on the localization of mechanoreceptors in the kidney and afferent nerve fibres in the renal nerves in the rabbit. AB - 1. The distribution and localization of mechanoreceptors in the kidney were studied by recording afferent impulses from the renal nerve bundle or from single nerve fibres in the isoloted kidney preparation in the rabbit. 2. It was observed that mechanoreceptors are distributed in the cranial, central and caudal portions as well as the pelvic portion of the kidney. Diameter range of single nerve fibres from which afferent impulses were recorded was from 2 to 8 mum. 3. Histological studies show that the renal nerve possesses abundant non-myelinated nerve fibres with a relatively small number of myelinated nerve fibres. The myelinated axons had diameters ranging from 0-5 to 13-4 mum and the peak of the unimodal distribution curve was 1-5--2-4 mum. PMID- 1127618 TI - Medical problems from modern diet. PMID- 1127619 TI - [Epiploic arteries. Normal and pathological radiological appearances (author's transl)]. AB - The blood supply of the greater omentum was studied using selective digestive angiography in 450 cases. Comparison of the radiology and the anatomical appearances showed that their are two independent systems, right and left, the size of which is variable from one subject to another. These blood supplies are united by variable anastomoses which are difficult to demonstrate by arteriography. However, the classical anastomotic arterial circle of the greater curvature, between the right and left gastro-epiploic arteries was never found. The pathology of the greater omentum is of two types: Tumoral pathology: the demonstration of epiploic metastases is the most frequent finding in pathological cases. Its practical and prognostic importance is very great for it contra indicates laparotomy. Associated pathology: the greater omentum reacts to any infective or neoplastic process of the abdominal cavity, such as "sentinel loop". These topographic changes should orient analysis of the films towards a given region and lead one to suspect some disease yet undiagnosed or not very obvious on arteriography. PMID- 1127620 TI - [Embryonic sarcoma of the uro-genital sinus in children and adolescents. Report of 5 cases from Nancy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 5 cases of embryonic sarcoma of the uro-genital sinus. 3 children, aged respectively, 17 months, 2 1/2 years, 6 years and two adolescents of 17 and 19 years. There were 3 boys and 2 girls. In only one case was the tumour obvious on clinical examination. In all the other cases, it caused urinary retention. On cystography, there was a polycyclic vesical filling defect resembling a parachute, which is specific of the botryoid variety and always leads to the right diagnosis. In girls, sarcoma of the urogenital sinus above the bladder, may be confused with other pelvic tumours. The authors recall the importance of lateral views of cystography to eliminate, if necessary, low paravertebral neurogenic tumours or sacro-coccygeal dysembryomas. After discussing the pathology, and the clinical and radiological findings, the authors then review rapidly the present methods of treatment which give a large number of survivals and should lead one to treat all cases, even when there are recurrences or metastases. PMID- 1127621 TI - [Benign extrinsic lesions of the large bowel simulating a carcinoma of the colon. Report of 16 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Sixteen cases of benign extrinsic lesions involving the colon and producing roentgen findings simulating a neoplasm are reported. The literature is reviewed. In 5 cases the pathologic process proved to be an inflamed epiploic appendage, in 4 a "congenital" band, in 3 adhesions, in 2 pancreatitis and, in one case each, an old pericecal abscess and an endometriosis. PMID- 1127622 TI - [Contribution to the early diagnosis of splenic rupture using radioactive isotopes (author's transl)]. AB - Among the methods of early diagnosis of rupture and trauma of the spleen, fixation of radioactive isotopes is one of the most interesting. An experimental study in the dog of B.M.H.P. metabolism, using B.M.H.P. labelled with Hg-203 and its rate of elimination by the kidney, gives information on lesions of the spleen, in particular, sub-capsular rupture. Splenic trauma reduces the capacity of uptake of mercury by this organ. Excretion in the urine then increases very definitely. This simple and inoffensive method should be used in man. PMID- 1127623 TI - [Rapid 105 mm ampliphotography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the results obtained with a new 105 mm ampliphotographic camera for filming at high speeds (camera GV 105 of the General Radiological Company). Thanks to a rate of 8 films per second, this camera seems particularly interesting for the study of sphincters and fleeting phenomena. However, the quality of the images, comparable with those of standard films, the rapidity of the examinations, the easy reading of the films, the important reduction in the dose of X Rays delivered and the economy of film, render advisable the use of this technique in general radiology. Unfortunately, there is not at present a simple, rapid formula for presentation of the films obtained. Progress will also have to be made in order to facilitate loading of the camera. Rapid resolution of these problems will permit this technique to be more widely used. PMID- 1127624 TI - [Dodger filters in the modulation of X-Ray beams (author's transl)]. AB - Dodger filters represent a very great improvement in the usual technique of modulation of X-Ray beams, The mobility of the filters permits one to use them efficaciously in numerous situations encountered in common radiodiagnosis. Original optical methods ensure perfect adaptability of the filters to morphology and density of the structures examined. The shape and structure of the filters prevent formation of artefacts ducts mains interference on the X-Rays. To an improvement in the quality of the films, may be adder reduction in exposure of the examined subjects. This apparatus, easy to bring into operation, may thus be used more widely in numerous branches of radiodiagnosis, in particular, in cerebral and visceral angiography. PMID- 1127625 TI - Cyclic variations in Sertoli cell lipid content throughout the spermatogenic cycle in the rat. AB - The formation, distribution and fate of lipid inclusions within the seminiferous tubules of the rat has been studied throughout the spermatogenic cycle. The occurrence of lipid inclusions within the Sertoli cell exhibited cyclic variations with the stages of the rat seminiferous cycle. At stage 9 of the cycle, residual bodies of maturing spermatids were phagocytosed by the Sertoli cell and released numerous lipid droplets which appeared to coalesce into large inclusionsat the base of the Sertoli cell at stage 10. The Sertoli cell lipid inclusions persisted througout the completion of meiosis (stages 11 to 14) and the formation of young spermatids (stages 1 to 2) and their numbers appeared to reach a peak at stages 12 to 13 of the cycle. The inclusions decreased markedly within the Sertoli cell cytoplasm during stage 2 and remained low untilstage 9 when lipid from the residual bodies again became available to the cell. This cyclic variation of lipid inclusions within the Sertoli cell does not support previously held views that there is a gradual decline in Sertoli cell lipid during stages 10 to 14 of the spermatogenic cycle. A hitherto unnoticed finding was the presence of large lipid inclusions in the cytoplasm of late pachytene to diakinetic spermatocytes, and some observations suggest a transfer of these lipid inclusionsfrom the Sertoli cells to primary spermatocytes. PMID- 1127626 TI - Studies on reproduction in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) V. morphology of the testis in relation to age and season. AB - Quantitative and qualitative changes in the morphology of the camel testis were studied in relation to age (6 to 18 years) and season. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules increased up to the age of 9 years. There was little variation in the number of germinal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and spermatids) with the advancement of age. The number of spermatozoa increased up to the age of 10 years and decreased thereafter. Khe number of Sertoli cells was almost constant. Significant monthly and seasonal changes were observed in the criteria studied. The largest seminiferous tubule diameters and the greatest numbers of spermatogonia, spermatids and spermatozoa were found in the material collected during the spring. The numbers of mature Leydig cells, compared to the numbers of pre-Leydig and immature Leydig cells, increased by the end of winter so that, during the spring, the interstitial cells were mainly of the mature type. Degenerative changes with diminished numbers of mature cells were seen in the summer and this trend continued into early and mid-autumn. PMID- 1127627 TI - Output of spermatozoa and fluid by the testis of the ram and its response to oxytocin. PMID- 1127628 TI - Effect of chromatographic fractions of the plant Achyranthes aspera Linn. On fertility in female albino mice. PMID- 1127629 TI - Vitamin A in bovine sperm acrosomes. AB - Bull semen was collected artifically and vitamin A was determined in the intact spermatozoa, the acrosomes and the sperm tails. The results show that over 90% of the total vitamin A in the spermatozoa was present in the acrosomes and that the sperm tails were completely devoid of vitamin A. The concentration of vitamin A varied from 224 to 364 ng/10-9 spermatozoa. PMID- 1127630 TI - Species differences in the lectin-binding sites on the zona pellucida of rodent eggs. PMID- 1127631 TI - Autoimmune human sperm antibodies and age in males. AB - The incidence of autoimmunization to spermatozoa, investigated by means of the Kibrick technique, increased with age in 913 males unselected with regard to fertility. By contrast, the incidence of sperm agglutinin-postive sera decreased with age in 1600 male partners in sterile couples. The increasing incidence of autoimmunization to spermatozoa offers one explanation of the lowering of fertility with increasing age, but sperm antibodies seem to be more important as a cause of sterility at younger ages. The presence of spermatozoa may not be necessary for immunization since sperm agglutinins were found in a 9-year-old boy. PMID- 1127632 TI - Influence of follicular maturation and culture conditions on the meiosis of pig oocytes in vitro. PMID- 1127633 TI - The absorption of boar seminal zinc by cooled spermatozoa. PMID- 1127634 TI - Desmosteryl sulphate of hamster spermatozoa, a potent inhibitor of capacitation in vitro. PMID- 1127635 TI - Oestrogens in bovine fetal and maternal plasma near term. PMID- 1127636 TI - Effects of some phosphatidyl compounds on boar spermatozoa following cold shock or slow cooling. PMID- 1127637 TI - Serum gonadotrophin concentrations in infantile female mice. PMID- 1127638 TI - Induction and inhibition of implantation in lactating rats. AB - The interrelationship between prolactin and LH in the maintenance of pregnancy during lactation was studied. The reduction of suckled young from eight to two or less, as late as on the morning of Day 4 of pregnancy, resulted in normal implantation. Reintroduction of eight young on Day 4 to lactating pregnant rats deprived of their litters on Day 1 resulted in an inhibition of implantation, but reintroduction on Days 5 or 6 did not inhibit implantation. If oestrogen, HCG or PMSG was given on Day 4 of pregnancy, implantation was induced at the normal time in rats suckling large litters. When LH antiserum was given on the morning of Day 4 or Day 8 to pregnant rats suckling two young each, it blocked implantation and postimplantation survival of blasto-cysts, respectively. When the number of suckling young was increased from two to eight on Day 6, however, LH antiserum blocked pregnancy only to the extent of 70%. Prolactin administered during the preimplantation phase inhibited implantation in pregnant rats suckling a minimum number of young, but had no effect when given during the postimplantation phase. Progesterone failed to block implantation. Prolactin had no inhibitory effect on implantation in the absence of the suckling stimulus or in non-lactating pregnant rats. The inhibition of implantation by prolactin in rats suckling two young could be effectively reversed by the administration of oestrogen, PMSG or HCG on Day 4 of pregnancy. PMID- 1127639 TI - The effect of copper on the distribution of elements in human spermatozoa. AB - Examination of intact individual human spermatozoa by X-ray microanalysis revealed that there was a correlation between particular elements in differnt regions of the cell. There was a constancy in the ratios of sodium to potassium in the head and mid-piece and of calcium to phosphorus in the mid-piece in any one sample, though the ratios varied between samples. This may have reflected the external environment since immersion in culture medium or cervical mucus had little effect on motility, yet markedly altered the sodium: potassium ratio. Incubation with copper wire in semen or cervical mucus significantly reduced the subcellular levels of both sodium and potassium inspermatozoa but did not affect the ratio between these two elements. The metal also displaced zinc from the head region, possible replacing it by copper. This may account for the decreased motility of spermatozoa in contact with copper ions. The observed toxicity of copper for human sperm cells lends support to the theory that part ofthe mode of action of the copper IUD may be due to an alteration in sperm fertilizing potential. Although the level of copper released by IUDs containing 200 mm-2 ofcopper wire exerted a minor toxic effect on spermatozoa, the elemental changes observed here may have great significance in the development of more efficient copper-releasing IUDs or an intracervical device whose action would depend on its spermatotoxiceffect. PMID- 1127640 TI - Histochemical observations on the lipid changes in rat corpora lutea during various reproductive states after treatment with exogenous hormones. AB - Lipid changes were studied histochemically in rat CL during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation after treatment with oestradiol benzoate (EB), LH and prolactin. A single injection of 50 mug EB given on any day during the first half of the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation caused a heavy accumulation of lipid droplets, which consisted mainly of cholesterol and/or its esters, triglycerides and some phospholipids. If the treatment with EB was followed by a single injection of 20 i.u. prolactin, droplet accumulation either did not occur, or was greatly reduced. During the second half of pregnancy, a massive accumulation of cholesterol- and triglyceride-positive lipid droplets occurred in the CL of untreated rats, and prolactin was equally effective in reducing, or preventing the storage of cholesterol-positive lipid droplets. Prolactin was more effective if two injections of 10 i.u. were given daily after an interval of 11 to 12 hr. No appreciable lipid change in the CL was caused by injection of 100 mug LH on any day during the first half of the oestrous cycle and pregnancy, but during lactation the same amount caused a heavy accumulation of lipid droplets, consisting mainly of cholesterol and/or its esters, triglycerides and very little phospholipid. Persisting CL of pregnancy and cyclic CL seen during lactation and pregnancy, respectively, were unresponsive to exogenous hormones, apparently due to ageing as no lipid changes occurred in the CL after hormonal treatment. The results are discussed in relation to previous histochemical and biochemical studies and suggest that both LH and prolactin regulate the lipid and cholesterol metabolism in the luteal cells of the rat. PMID- 1127641 TI - Inhibition by aspirin and indomethacin of uterine hypertrophy induced by an IUD. AB - An IUD inserted into one uterine horn caused an increase in its weight when this was compared with that of the contralateral control horn in rats. Such an increase could be partly prevented by treating the animals with indomethacin and aspirin. It is suggested that the IUD-induced increase in weight is at least in part mediated by release of prostaglandins. PMID- 1127642 TI - Concentrations of free and esterified cholesterol in the testes of maturing rabbits. AB - Levels of cholesterol and cholesterol esters were established in the testes of maturing New Zealand white rabbits. Free cholesterol levels remained relatively constant throughout pre- and post-pubertal development. The total cholesterol, cholesterol esters and percentage esterified cholesterol values were highest during the prepubertal period and decreased steadily thereafter, reaching their lowest after 90 days of age. Correlations of these findings with hormonal and morphological changes during testicular development are discussed. PMID- 1127643 TI - Stimulation of repoduction in captivity of the wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. AB - Female wild rabbits which failed to breed under laboratory conditions were treated with gonadotrophins and artificially inseminated with epididymal spermatozoa. The fertilized eggs so obtained were transferred to synchronous domestic rabbits. Altogether, 185 eggs were transferred to thirty-six recipients. Thirty-three of the recipients maintained pregnancy to term and nearly half of the transferred eggs developed into normal young. Birthweights ranged from 45 to 59 g. Postnatal survival was excellent. Females born in captivity remained sexually immature in spite of attaining normal adult body weights. Sexual development was apparently normal in the males, although most remained shy breeders. Incidental observations on ovarian response, egg size and rate of development are presented. PMID- 1127644 TI - Epididymal carbohydrate metabolism. III. Metabolism of the caput and cauda epididymidis after separation from the testis in the rat. AB - After unilateral separation of the rat epididymis from the testis, the metabolism of various substrates in vitro by tissue from the attached and separated caput and cauda epididymidis at 7 and 28 days after surgery was determined by radiorespirometry. Hourly collections of 14-CO2 were made during 5-hr incubations. The patterns of 14-CO2 evolution from glucose indicated that most of the metabolic activity followed the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic and the Krebs cycle respiration pathways. The alteration of the rate of glycolysis was always greater than that of respiration. In all samples, the metabolism of (2-14C) glucose was approximately equal to that of (6-14C) glucose (G-6)and less than that of (1-14C) glucose (G-1). Pentose cycle activity was indicated in all tissues from the caput and cauda epididymidis by the preferential utilization of G-1 over G-6. At 7 and 28 days after surgery, respectively, the G-1:G-6 ratios of 14-CO2 evolution after incubation for 2 hr were 9.75 and 7.79 for the separated caput, 5.17 and 2.66 for the intact caput, 3.11 and 2.52 for the separated cauda and 3.73 and 2.84 for the attached cauda epididymidis. Although epididymal separation did not effect the metabolism of (U-14C) glucose or (U-14C) fructose, glucose appeared to be a more important epididymal substrate than fructose. PMID- 1127645 TI - Antisera to gonadotrophins and placental function in mice. I. Effect on polyamine content. AB - The effect of antisera to ovine LH and ovine prolactin was studied on polyamine levels in the mouse placenta. The antisera were administered on Day 11, 12 or 13 of pregnancy and the mice were killed 24 hr later. The polyamines (spermine, spermidine and putrescine) in the placentae were estimated. Polyamine levels were reduced after treatment with anti-LH on any of the 3 days and after treatment with anti-prolactin serum on Days 11 or 12. Only the spermidine content was reduced when anti-prolactin serum was injected on Day 13 of pregnancy. Placental DNA and RNA levels paralleled those observed for polyamine content. The changes in polyamine content and nucleic acid levels indicate that these antisera to LH and prolactin interfere with placental function. PMID- 1127646 TI - The entry of alpha-chlorohydrin into body fluids of male rats and its effect upon the incorporation of glycerol into lipids. AB - The rate of entry of alpha-chlorohydrin into rat rete testis fluid has been studied using the 14-C and 36-Cl-labelled compounds. The alpha-chlorohydrin crosses the blood-testis barrier and the concentration of radioactivity in rete testis fluid attained blood levels within 45 min. Within 3 hr of a single injection of [14-C] alpha-chlorohydrin, radioactivity was widely distributed in body fluids, and was present in the lipids of the brain, testis, epididymis and epididymal fat pads. No radioactivity was found in tissue lipids following the administration of [36-Cl] alpha-chlorohydrin, which suggests that dechlorination of this compound occurs before its incorporation. Neither a single high dose nor repeated low doses of alpha-chlorohydrin induced changes in the incorporation of [14-C] glycerol into lipids of the brain, testis, epididymis and epididymal fat pads. PMID- 1127647 TI - Electroejaculation of Australian marsupials and analyses of the sugars in the seminal plasma from three macropod species. AB - Electroejaculation of a variety of Australian marsupials was attempted in this study. The animals used were conscious, sedated, anaesthetized or recently shot. Electroejaculation proved to be a satisfactory means of obtaining seminal plasma but not spermatozoa. The largest volumes of seminal plasma were collected from animals shortly after death. Anaesthetized animals also provided useful volumes of seminal plasma but only insignificant amounts were obtained from conscious and sedated animals. Quantitative analyses of N-acetylglucosamine, glucose and anthronereactive material were made of deproteinized, deionized, water extracts of seminal plasma from electroejaculates obtained from wallabies and kangaroos shortly after death. The major seminal sugar of the three macropod species was N acetylglucosamine and glucose was also present in quite large concentrations. These observations show that the pattern of sugars in the prostate gland of marsupials is reflected in the semen. PMID- 1127648 TI - A preliminary assessment of the source of oestrogen within the ovary of the domestic fowl Gallus domesticus. AB - Oestradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood draining individual preovulatory follicles and in different ovarian tissues of the hen. The concentration of oestradiol in blood from follicles 20 to 50 hr before ovulation ranged from 66 to 264 pg/ml and was less than that in peripheral blood collected concurrently, suggesting a net uptake rather than secretion of oestradiol by the follicle at these times. In one bird approximately 6 hr before ovulation, the highest content of oestradiol in tissue (35 ng) was in the small (less than 5 mm) follicles and ovarian stroma; this represented 87.5% of the total ovarian content. Only 0.86 to 1.02 ng oestradiol (2.0 to 2.5) was found in the large preovulatory follicles and 2.22 ng (5.5%) in the postovulatory follicles. High concentrations of oestradiol (2.4 ng/g) were also found in the liver. These results suggest that the small follicles and/or ovarian stroma are the main site of oestradiol production in the fowl; they do not exclude the possibility that oestradiol is secreted at a high rate by the mature follicle for a short period immediately before ovulation, thus influencing the release of LH. PMID- 1127649 TI - Effect of 4-chloromethyl-2-methyl-2-pentyl- 1,3-dioxolane (AY-22,352) on the fertilizing ability of hamster epididymal spermatozoa. AB - Fertile male hamsters were injected subcutaneously with AY-22,352 to determine the minimal antifertility dose, the site of action and the onset and duration of infertility. Fertility tests showed that 37 mg AY-22,352/kg/day induced sterility within 4 days. None of the males became infertile within the first 2 days but marked loss of sperm fertilizing ability had occurred by 24 hr from the second injection; all males were sterile after the fourth dose. Comparable daily treatment procuded the same antifertility effect subsequent to bilateral ligation of the corpus epididymidis and fertilization did not occur after artificial insemination with spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis of such animals. The prompt recovery of fertilizing ability of spermatozoa in males which receoved four daily doses of AY-22,352 (37 mg/kg) and had ligated ductuli efferentes shows that transport of epididymal spermatozoa and their acquisition of fertilizing ability are not influenced by the drug. PMID- 1127650 TI - Mating seasonality in castrated male rhesus monkeys. PMID- 1127651 TI - The effects of active immunization of the decidual cell reaction and ectopic blastocyst development in mice. PMID- 1127652 TI - Proteins in fluids from different segments of the rat epididymis. PMID- 1127653 TI - The distribution of radioactive myoinositol in the reproductive tract of the male rat. PMID- 1127655 TI - Properties of the sperm motility stimulating component derived from human serum. PMID- 1127654 TI - Comparison of the effects of oestrogen on macromolecular synthesis in the uterus and brain of the immature mouse. PMID- 1127656 TI - Development of the infantile mouse uterus: the effect of stilboestrol. PMID- 1127657 TI - A simple method for automatic counting of rabbit spermatozoa. PMID- 1127658 TI - Proceedings: proceedings of the Australian society for reproductive biology. PMID- 1127659 TI - Proceedings: reproduction in the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, with particular reference to the evolution of viviparity. PMID- 1127660 TI - Proceedings: progestagens and oestrogens in peripheral plasma of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. PMID- 1127661 TI - Proceedings: the breeding cycle of the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli)at Mcmurdo sound, Antarctica. PMID- 1127662 TI - Proceedings: the influence of rams on the fertility of the ewe. PMID- 1127663 TI - Proceedings: patterns of LH, FSH and testosterone levels in the developing ram. PMID- 1127664 TI - Proceedings: effect of alpha-chlorohydrin on the fertility of rams and on the metabolism of spermatozoa in vitro. PMID- 1127665 TI - Proceedings: the molecular site of action of the anti-fertility agent, alpha chlorohydrin, in ram spermatozoa. PMID- 1127666 TI - Proceedings: progesterone requirements for the maintenance of pregnancy in the ovariectomized ewe. PMID- 1127667 TI - Proceedings: initiation of implantation in the mouse with anterior pituitary hormones. PMID- 1127668 TI - Proceedings: activity of certain glycolytic enzymes in developing mouse embryos. PMID- 1127669 TI - Proceedings: the effect of exogenous substrate on the metabolism of glycogen during early development of the preimplantation mouse embryo. PMID- 1127670 TI - Proceedings: effect of human uterine rinsings on oxygen consumption and motility of spermatozoa. PMID- 1127671 TI - Proceedings: uptake of ferritin and carbon by the mouse uterus. PMID- 1127672 TI - Proceedings: luteal function in the ewe after injection of prostaglandin F2alpha directly into the corpus luteum. PMID- 1127673 TI - Proceedings: intramuscular administration of a prostaglandin analogue during pregnancy in the goat. PMID- 1127674 TI - Intraperitoneal insemination and sperm transport through the oviduct: a review. PMID- 1127675 TI - Physical complaints of patients with sickle cell trait. AB - Prospective and retrospective experience with physical complaints of 112 oral contraceptive and 67 intrauterine device Black family planning patients with sickle cell trait was evaluated by comparing their cumulative complaint rates with a randomly selected control group of non-sickle cell trait family planning patients having the same method, age and parity distribution as the sickle cell trait patients. Physical complaints considered are: dysmenorrhea, mental depression, vaginal discharge, fatigue, headaches, and nausea-vomiting. No evidence of a significant difference at level .05 is found between cumulative complaint rates of sickle cell trait and control patients for either oral or intrauterine device users for any of the complaint types. Further clinical research may be desirable in this area for dysmenorrhea and mental depression. PMID- 1127676 TI - The obstetrician and breast feeding: some views of women physicians. PMID- 1127677 TI - The obstetrician's approach to the breasts and breastfeeding. PMID- 1127678 TI - Oleic acid as a depressant of reticuloendothelial activity in rats and mice. PMID- 1127679 TI - Hemolysis of vertebrate erythrocytes with tissue extracts of earthworms (Eisenia foetida). PMID- 1127680 TI - Trypsin-mediated activation of the alpha-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Alpha protoxin of Staphylococcus aureus "Wood 46" was activated by trypsin which had been coupled to carboxymethylcellulose, as indicated by the toxin's ability to hydrolyse tosyl-arginine methylester (TAME). A Lineweaver-Burk plot of the degradation of TAME by toxin and trypsin showed that toxin had a greater affinity for the substrate than had trypsin. N-terminal amino-acid analyses of activated toxin suggested that leucine or isoleucine is the N-terminus, in contrast to protoxin, the N-terminus of which is histidine. PMID- 1127682 TI - Evidence for Ca-2+ control of the transducer mechanism in crayfish stretch receptor. AB - Recording from the dendrite membrane indicated a resting potential of minus-51.6 mV, which was reduced by inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump. Voltage clamp at rest revealed a small inward current between minus-50 and minus-80 mV and a larger outward current at clamp potentials of minus-40 to +30 mV. Using ramp-changes of muscle tension as stimuli a time-variant tension-induced inward current (TIC) became apparent, the amplitude of which decreased towards larger depolarizing voltages until at +18 mV the current reversed the direction. The time course of the conductance changes corresponds to similar phases in the generator potential. The outward current only responded to fast reductions in tension, decreasing transiently. A contribution of the active Na+/K+ pump to the hyperpolarizing potential response is suggested by the effects of K-removal or Na-substitution by Li+. In Na-free choline chloride media the generator potential and the TIC was depressed by 70-85%. Additional removal of Ca-2+ abolished the TIC. In contrast, lowering the Ca-2+ level in presence of Na+ decreased the membrane resistance and markedly enhanced the TIC (maximally eightfold at 10-minus 5M Ca-2+) while 75-150 mM Ca-2+ or intracellular application of a Ca-ionophore had the reverse effect. PMID- 1127683 TI - Ionic permeabilities of an Aplysia giant neuron. AB - In a giant neuron of Aplysia californica, permeabilities and conductances obtained by measuring net fluxes of Na+, K+ and Cl-minus with ion-specific microelectrodes were compared with those obtained by measuring transmembrane current and potential changes when the three ions were varied in the external solution. Net fluxes were measured with ion-specific microelectrodes, after blocking metabolic processes, thus allowing movement of ions down their electrochemical gradients. Premeabilities and conductances obtained from the "chemical" measurements (i.e., ion-specific electrodes) were generally comparable to the values obtained from "electrical" measurements (i.e., ion-specific electrodes) were generally comparable to the values obtained from "electrical" measurements. Where discrepancies occurred, they could be explained by showing that some of the assumptions necessary to use the "electrical" method were not quantitatively true in this system. The absolute magnitudes of the permeabilities are significantly less than those found in many axonal preparations. There is also a relatively high PNa/PK ratio. The selectivity of the membrane against ions such as Tris" and MeSO3-minus is not good, Tris+ being nearly as permeable as Na+ and MeSO3-minus about one-half as permeables as Cl-minus. These properties may be characteristic of somal membranes. PMID- 1127684 TI - Sugar transport by renal plasma membrane vesicles. Characterization of the systems in the brush-border microvilli and basal-lateral plasma membranes. AB - Uptake studies of D-and L-glucose were performed on vesicles derived from brush border and basal-lateral membranes. The uptake of the sugars into the vesicles was osmotically sensitive and independent of glucose metabolism. In brush-border vesicles D-glucose but not L-glucose transport was Na-+-dependent, wn the presence of an initial Na+gradient. Basal-lateral membranes take up D-glucose faster than L-glucose, but the D-glucose uptake is significantly less sensitive to sodium removal and only moderately inhibited by phlorzin as compared to the prush-border fraction. PMID- 1127686 TI - The mechanism of electrical breakdown in the membranes of Valonai utricularis. AB - The dielectric breakdown in the membranes of cells of Valonia utricularis was investigated using intracellular electrodes and 500 mu sec current pulses. Electrical breakdown, which occurs when the membrane potential reaches a well defined critical value, is not associated with global damage to the cell or its membranes (the membrane reseals in smaller than 5 sec). It was thus possible to investigate the effect of temperature on dielectric breakdown in single cells. It was found that the critical potential for breakdown was strongly dependent on temperature, decreasing from similar to 100 mV at 4 degrees C to similar to 640 mV at 30 degrees C. The decrease in the breakdown potential with increasing temperature and the very short rise-time of the breakdown current (similar to 1mu sec) suggests that the Wien field dissociation does not play a major role in the breakdown process. It is shown that the nonlinear I-V characteristics observed at different temperatures can be accurately accounted for with no adjustable parameters, by considerations of the mechanical compression of the membrane due to stresses induced by the electric field. Electrical breakdown on this scheme results from an electromechanical instability in the membrane. On this basis the present results indicate that the elastic modulus of the region of the membrane where breakdown occurs, decreases by a factor of 2 with increasing temperature from 4 to 30 degrees C. On the assumption of a thickness of 4.0 nm and a dielectric constant of 5, the elastic modulus is estimated to have a value of 5 times 10-6Nm- minus 2 at 20 degrees C. PMID- 1127685 TI - A comparison of the rate equations, kinetic parameters, and activation energies for the initial uptake of L-lysine, L-valine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and alpha aminoisobutyric acid by mouse brain slices. AB - At substrate concentrations, in medium, of 0.2 to 20 mM and at temperatures of 25 and 37 degrees C, the initial concentrative influx of the amino acids L-lysine (30 and 37 degrees C), L-valine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid into incubated mouse cerebrum slices follows the rate equation for the initial influx of alpha aminoisobutyric acid (Cohen, J. Physiol. 228:105, 1973), v equals Vmax/(1+Kt/S)+kuS. Kinetic constants at 37 degrees C are: Vmax equals 0.089 mumoles/g final wet wt of slices, min, Kt equals 0.69 mM, ku equals 0.037 mumoles/g final wet wt, mM-substrate, min for L-lysine; Vmax equals 0.60, Kt equals 1.30, ku equals 0.067 for L-valine; and Vmax equals 1.71, Kt equals 1.58, ku equals 0.094 for gamma-aminobutyric acid. The linear term, kuS, is due to an unsaturable process of concentrative uptake, not diffusion. Comparison of temperature coefficients reveals a "reference" pattern for typical low affinity transport of amino acids into brain slices. Its characteristics are: Activation energies associated with Vmax and ku are in range 14 to 20 kcal/mole; K, varies only slightly with temperature, L-Lysine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid fit this pattern; L-valine and gamma-aminobutyric acid deviate in part. The Akedo Christensen plot (J. Biol. Chem. 237:118, 1962) does not distinguish between the rateequation v equals Vmax/(1+Kt/S)+kuS for saturable uptake plus first-order unsaturable concentrative uptake, and the rate equation v equals Vmax/(1 + Kt/S)+kd(S minus Si) for saturable uptake plus first-order nonconcentrative "passive diffusion". PMID- 1127687 TI - Radiologic seminar. CXXXXIX: Mammography. PMID- 1127688 TI - The president speaking. Continuing medical education. PMID- 1127689 TI - Medico-legal briefs. Involuntary commitment statues held invalid for vagueness. PMID- 1127690 TI - Editorials: Scabies: "the itch". PMID- 1127691 TI - Medico-legal briefs. Reference to doctor's insurance coverage warrants new trial. PMID- 1127692 TI - Radiologic seminar CL: Spontaneous closure of a renal arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 1127693 TI - Near-drowning: a complex pathophysiologic injury. PMID- 1127694 TI - Comments: medical care status in Mississippi. PMID- 1127695 TI - Radiologic seminar CLI: Mammography. PMID- 1127696 TI - Editorial: The early diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID- 1127697 TI - Editorial: Is the grass greener? PMID- 1127698 TI - Professional corporation denied damages for physician's injuries. PMID- 1127699 TI - The form and function of retractile claws in the Felidae and other representative carnivorans. AB - Recent behavioral studies have shown the primary organ of prehension used in capturing prey to be the claw equipped forelimbs. In light of its functional importance, the claw retractile mechanism for 15 felid species is described and its function studied . The anatomy of the claw retractile mechanism for felids is then compared to that of other carnivorans. For felids,claw retraction is mechanically possible due to the unique shape of the middle and distal phalanges. Claw retraction, however, is a function of the dorsal elastic ligaments and not of the forearm extensor muscles. The resistance provided by these ligaments allows for flexion of the wrist and digital joints without claw protrusion. Moreover, co-contraction of both forearm flexor and extensor muscles is necessary to produce claw protrusion. The functional anatomy of claw retraction for felids differs considerably from that of most other carnivorans. However, the claw retractile mechanism for some advanced viverrids is structurally similar to that of the felids. For these viverrids prey seizing, as in the felids, has become a function of the forelimbs. For the other families of carnivorans, the jaws and not the forelimbs are used as the primary organ of prehension and the anatomy of the claw retractile mechanism reflects functional demands placed on it other than grasping and holding prey. PMID- 1127700 TI - The suprarenal glands of a prosimian primate, the lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis). AB - The gross relationships and light microscopic anatomy of the suprarenal gland of a prosimian primate, Galago senegalensis, is described. The left gland is located medial to the pole of the left kidney in a fascial compartment of its own. The right suprarenal is located medial to the pole of the right kidney in intimate apposition to the liver and inferior vena cava. The capsule of the right gland blends with the capsule of the right lobe of the liver and is also contiguous with the adventitia of the inferior vena cava. The histologic appearance of the gland is similar to that of other primate genera. The zona glomerulosa is poorly developed; the zona fasciculata is composed of cell cords and is relatively well developed and the zona reticularis shows no unusual characteristics. The organization of the lipid content of the various cortical zones show a considerable different pattern than previously reported. The zona glomerulosa contains numerous large lipid droplets. In contrast to the bi-laminar pattern of lipid deposition seen in other primates, the Galgo shows three distinct layers of lipid droplets in the zona fasciculata. The zona reticularis has a moderate population of lipid droplets essentially similar to that reported in most other forms. The medulla, except for a sparse number of centrally displaced zona reticularis cells, is completely devoid of lipid deposits. The junction of the zona reticularis and medulla is distinct, although a connective tissue capsule is not present. PMID- 1127701 TI - A fluorescence microscopic study of the distribution of monoamines in the hypothalamus of the cat. AB - Three distinct groups of monoamine (MA)-containing nerve cell bodies have been visualized in the hypothalamus and preoptic area of the cat by means of the Falck Hillarp fluorescence histochemical technique. First, numerous small-sized catecholamine (CA) type neurons were disclosed within the ventral half of the periventricular area in the supraoptic and middle hypothalamic regions. The round to oval neurons of this medio-ventral group were more especially abundant around the base of the third ventricle, within the arcuate and supraopticus diffusus nuclei. Numerous medium-sized CA perikarya identified as the dorsal group, were also mapped out in the dorsal and posterior hypothalamic areas. Finally, a small population of both CA and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)-containing neurons was disclosed within the lateral area of the middle and mammillary hypothalamic regions. These multipolar or elongated neurons which compose the lateral group were lying either along the ventrolateral surface of the hypothalamus or around the ventrolateral aspect of the fornix. In addition to these three MA cell groups, a few cells displaying a fluorescence of the CA type were also visualized in the so-called "dorsal chiasmatic nucleus" after alpha methyl-dopa treatment. High density of CA axon terminals were found, on the other hand, in the extrenal layer of the median eminence, in the dorsomedial, paraventricular supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, and also within nucleus interstitialis of stria terminalis. In the present study, however, it was possible to identify with certainty any concentration of 5-HT axon terminals in the cat hypothalamus. Therefore, except for the lateral cell group which could be peculiar to the cat, the topographical distribution of MA nerve cell bodies and axon terminals in the hypothalamus of the cat appears similar to the morphological organization of the MA neuronal elements in the hypothalamus of the rat. PMID- 1127703 TI - Cytological examination of reduction bodies of Corvomeyenia carolinensis Harrison (porifera: spongillidae). AB - Freshwater sponges, Corvomeyenia carolinensis Harrison, were placed into tap water to induce degenerative reduction body formation. Reduction bodies were examined using light and electron microscopy in order to define their histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics. The reduction body of freshwater sponges is an extremely simple developmental system consisting primarily of an archeocyte reserve delimited by a simple squamous pinacoderm. The freshwater sponge reduction body displays many similarities to overwintering phases of marine sponges. The system presents an unusually straightforward vehicle for investigations of degeneration and regeneration as processes in developmental biology and may represent a reasonable vehicle in which to examine the process of the genesis of lysosomes. PMID- 1127702 TI - The cardiac muscle in the pulmonary vein of the rat: a morphological and electrophysiological study. AB - The pulmonary veins of albino Wistar rats were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. The media of larger veins consists of cardiac muscle fibers which extend until the vessels attain about 100 mu in diameter. This coat consists of external longitudinal fibers and internal circular fibers. The vasa vasorum are well developed and the capillaries show pseudofenestrations. The numerous adrenergic and cholinergic nerve endings do not form typical motor end plates as seen in skeletal muscles. The ultrastructure of these media muscle fibers is similar to that of the rat hearts. The smooth muscle layer of larger pulmonary veins is not continuous as it is in smaller veins where it forms cushions. Comparison of albino rats and other rodents reveal striking differences. Action potential shape and propagation velocity (0.5-1.2 m/s) along the myocardial coat of the pulmonary vein were similar to those observed in the left atrium and so was their sensitivity to locally applied acetylcholine. The physiological direction of propagation in rat pulmonary veins is toward the lung. This fingind lends support to the hypothesis of a rhythmic, valve-like action of the striated musculature of the pulmonary venous wall during the systole and a possible role in the capacitance of the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 1127704 TI - Studies on the reversibility of anoxic damage to the myocardial protein synthetic mechanism: effects of glucose. PMID- 1127705 TI - Morphological characteristics of Purkinje fibre bundles separated from their connective tissue sheath. PMID- 1127706 TI - Comparative electron microscope studies of the myocardium in adult rats fed on normal and cholesterol diets. PMID- 1127707 TI - Oxidative phosphorylation in infarcting baboon and dog myocardium: effects of mitochondrial isolation and incubation media. PMID- 1127708 TI - Letter to the editors: Myocardial zonal lesions and myofibrillar degeneration: the need for definition. PMID- 1127709 TI - Effect of palmitate on hypoxic cardiac performance. PMID- 1127711 TI - Letter to the editors: Nuclear pores in nuclei of heart muscle cells. PMID- 1127710 TI - Catecholamine stimulated myocardial adenylate cyclase: effects of nucleotides. PMID- 1127712 TI - Zinc suppression of initiation of sarcoma 180 growth. AB - Subcutaneous administration of 80 mug zinc daily to mice that had received an intraperitoneal inoculation of 1 times 10-6 sarcoma 180 cells within the preceding 2 days resulted in protection of up to 60% of the hosts. In animals in which tumors grew, daily injections of zinc did not alter the rate of tumor cell growth. We hypothesized that the metal suppressed initiation of tumor cell reproduction, possibly by stimulation of host defense cell mechanisms. PMID- 1127713 TI - Inhibition of dimethylhydrazine-induced neoplasia of the large intestine by disulfiram. AB - Disulfiram added to the diet of female CF1 mice inhibited large-bowel neoplasia produced by repeated subcutaneous administrations of dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The mice on a control diet all showed multiple tumors of the large bowel after DMH treatments, whereas there was no evidence of neoplasia in mice given disulfiram. PMID- 1127714 TI - Letter: Monocyte chemotactic response in cancer patients: a discussion of statistical evaluation. PMID- 1127715 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on human breast dysplasias and neoplasms. AB - The ability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to distinguish normal, diseased non-neoplastic, and neoplastic human breast tissues was investigated with T1 and T2 relaxation times used. The results indicated that NMR relaxation times could distinguish between the mean values of breast neoplasms and other diseased or normal tissues, with P values less than 0.001. Given a single sample, the probability of classifying it nonneoplastic or carcinoma could be accomplished with 85% confidence. For human breast tissues, the relaxation time T2 may be more discriminating that T1. These results support the view that the use of NMR spectroscopy in cancer detection may be of significant value and warrants considerable more interest and effort to determine the beneficial applications and limits of this technology. PMID- 1127716 TI - Magnesium oxide as carrier dust in benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcino-genesis in Syrian hamsters. AB - The neoplastic progression induced by intratracheal instillation of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and magnesium oxide (MgO) was compared with that induced by intratracheal instillation of BP and ferric oxide (Fe2O3). BP and MgO produced squamous cell carcinomas and papillomas in the larynx with a latent period as shor as 9 weeks. They also induced many papillomas as well as squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas in the trachea and a papilloma, squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, adenosquamous lesions, and peripheral adenomatoid lesions in the bronchi. They rarely caused tumors in other organs; only a few forestomach papillomas, one melanoma on the dorsal skin, and one ovarian carconoma were seen BP, with Fe2O3 as the carrier, induced a comparable number of histologically similar tumors; however, tumors developed more frequently in the main bronchi. Thus MgO strongly facilitated the tumor-inducing effects of BP, causing tumors in different areas of the respiratory tract, and was as effective as Fe2O3 as a carrier agent in the experimental induction of respiratory tumors. PMID- 1127717 TI - An epizootic in hamsters of lymphomas of undetermined origin and mode of transmission. AB - An epizootic of lymphomas arose spontaneously on three occasions in a facility containing both inbred and randombred Syrian hamsters. These tumors developed in approximately half the colony-born hamsters and were horizontally transmissible to those brought into the colony. PMID- 1127718 TI - Nonspecific Immunotherapy of Murine Solid Tumors With Corynebacterium granulosum. AB - A single intraperitoneal (ip) or intravenous (iv) injection of Corynebacterium granulosum into C3Hf/Bu mice shortly after subcutaneous (sc) injection of cells from a strongly antigenic syngeneic fibrosarcoma induced by 3-methylcholanthrene caused complete and lasting regressions of 100 and 70% of resulting tumors, respectively. Treatment with this bacterium sc only slightly inhibited the growth of some tumors. C. granulosum given iv to mice 3 days after the sc injection of fibrosarcoma cells caused complete regressions of 39 of 45 tumors; two iv injections with this immunostimulant given 1 month apart were no more effective than a single injection. Intralesional treatment of fibrosarcomas 8 mm in diameter induced complete regressions of tumors in 30% of the animals, whereas sc treatment contralateral to the growing tumor only slightly reduced tumor growth. Intraperitoneal growth of a fibrosarcoma was efficiently controlled (58-80% survival of mice) if C. granulosum was given ip, but not iv, 3 days after inoculation with tumor cells. Again, two injections of C. granulosum (given ip 4 days apart) were only as effective as a single injection. Treatment with C. granulosum iv at 3, 7, 14, or 21 days after sc inoculation of a weakly antigenic, spontaneously arising mammary carcinoma (MC-1) strongly inhibited tumor growth. Three complete but temporary tumor regressions were observed. The subcutaneous growth of another spontaneous mammary carcinoma (MC-2), which contained fairly strong tumor-specific antigen(s), was also significantly inhibited if C. granulosum was given 3,7, or 14 days after, but not 7 days before, tumor cell inoculation. However, pretreatment of mice with the immunostimulant significantly protected the mice against artifically induced pulmonary metastases of this tumor. PMID- 1127719 TI - Antigenic changes in cultured murine lymphomas after retransplantation into syngeneic hosts. AB - When cultured murine lymphomas were retransplanted into syngeneic hosts, the quantitative representation of H-2 antigens and Moloney leukemia virus-determined cell-surface antigens tended to revert to the antigenic pattern characteristic of the corresponding lines propagated in vivo. In some instances, a complete reversion of both the virus-specific and H-2 antigens was observed after a single passage of cultured lymphoma cells in syngeneic hosts. PMID- 1127720 TI - Mouse skin tumorigenesis and induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by tobacco smoke fractions. AB - Ten fractions separated from the neutral portion of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) were tested on mouse skin for tumor-initiating activity and for their capacity to induce the enzyme aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). Tumor initiating activity was confined primarily to the fraction containing more than 90% of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in CSC. One other PAH containing fraction was active. The combined initiating effect of these fractions was comparable to that of a 40-ppm solution of benzo[a]pyrene (BP), which is about 40 times the BP content of CSC. Some of the neutral fractions that have been demonstrated to cause tumor promotion in mice pretreated with 7,12 dimethylbenz-[aA1ANTHRACENE sere inactive as tumor initiators. The fractions that contained aromatic hydrocarbons induced mouse skin AHH levels twofold to sixfold after a single topical application. AHH-inducing activity was not, however, a reliable indicator of the carcinogenic potential of a fraction. PMID- 1127721 TI - Embryonic inductive tissues that cause histologic differentiation of murine mammary carcinoma in vitro. AB - A murine mammary tumor was cultured in vitro for 14 days, either in direct combination with various embryonic murine inductive tissues or separated by a Millipore filter from these tissues. From 456 test cultures and 269 control cultures of tumor alone, morphologic, histochemical, and autoradiographic evidence for cytodifferentiation was obtained in the tumor after exposure to inductive tissues directly or through the filter. There appeared to be a gradient in potency of the inductive tissues; embryonic mammary mesenchyme was the most active of the tissues tested. Tumor growth was not different from that of controls, however, when the cultured, inductive tissue-exposed neoplasm was returned to the murine host. PMID- 1127722 TI - Prolonged inhibition of mouse epidermal DNA synthesis by dexamethasone. AB - The effect of dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits skin carcinogenesis, on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in mouse epidermis was investigated. Within 1 hour after the topical application of 75 mug dexamethasone to the skin of mice, epidermal DNA synthesis was inhibited drastically and lasted for approximately 5 days, followed by a biphasic stimulation at 7 and 10 days after treatment. Histologically, the skin after dexamethasone treatment revealed only subtle quantitative changes. The dermis was not altered. The epidermal thickness was unchanged, but the nuclei of the epidermal cells were more densely stained and the chromatin was more densely clumped. These changes were present by 12 hours and persisted for 10 days. Both epidermal RNA and protein syntheses were stimulated early, reached a peak of around 180% of controls at 1 hour, but returned to control levels by 3 hours. They were slightly inhibited between 3 and 12 hours after treatment and then returned to control levels. This prolonged inhibition of DNA synthesis by dexamethasone may be related to its anticarcinogenic effect. PMID- 1127723 TI - Carcinogenic effects of Di-n-propylnitrosamine, beta-hydroxypropyl-n propylnitrosamine, and methyl-n-propylnitrosamine on Sprague-Dawlay rats. AB - The carcinogenic effects of di-n-propylnitrosamine and its two related compounds, beta-hydroxypropyl-n-propylnitrosamine (HPPN) and methyl-n-propylnitrosamine (MPN), were tested in rats and compared. All three substances induced neoplasms in the nasal and paranasal cavities, esophagus, and liver. MPN treatment caused the highest tumor incidence in the esophagus, whereas HPPN induced the most hepatic tumors. PMID- 1127724 TI - Carcinogenicity of the antineoplastic agent, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide, and its metabolites in rats. AB - Chronic oral administration of the antineoplastic agent, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1 triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-45388, DTIC), induced predominantly thymic and mammary tumors as demonstrated previously. Male and female Sprague-Dawley and female Buffalo rats were susceptible to the carcinogenicity of DTIC. A 50% incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas was induced in males within 18 weeks. Type of tumor and tumor incidence were dose dependent. Single and multiple intraperitoneal injections of DTIC did not alter organ specificity. DTIC-induced thymic lymphosarcomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were transplantable. Tissue distribution studies revealed no correlation between uptake of DTIC by a given tissue and its susceptibility to carcinogenicity. Metabolites of DTIC were tested for carcinogenic activity. Animals administered 5-diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide orally, intraperitoneally, or intragastrically developed low incidences of thymic, stomach, bladder, or mammary tumors. A low incidence of mammary tumors developed in rats fed 2-azahypoxanthine. A variety of tumors, including several ependymoblastomas, were induced in rats that received 5-aminoimidazole-4 carboxamide orally. 5-(3-Methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC), when fed or given in single or multiple intraperitoneal injections, induced a high incidence of mammary adenofibromas and a low incidence of uterine leiomyosarcomas. Control rats had low incidences of mammary adenocarcinomas and adenofibromas after 52 weeks. These data show that the carcinogenic properties of DTIC resemble those of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, hydrazine, azo, and azoxy-alkanes and aryltriazenes and thus suggest similar mechanism(s) of action. These data also indicate that MTIC is involved in the induction of mammary adenofibromas and uterine leiomyosarcomas by DTIC. PMID- 1127725 TI - Sequential studies of serum blocking activity in rats bearing chemically induced primary bowel tumors. AB - Colon and small-bowel tumors were induced in WF rats by treatment with one of three chemical carcinogens. Tumor occurrence and growth were monitored by multiple double-contrast examinations. Roentgenologic diagnoses and histologic examination of tumors were verified at tumor resection or autopsy. Serial serum samples from each of 11 rats were tested in microcytotoxicity assays for their ability to block the cytotoxicity of lymph node cells from rats with isografts of colon carcinoma NG-W1 against NG-W1 target cells. Sera from all tumor-bearing rats demonstrated specific blocking activity. With two exceptions, serum blocking activity preceded roentgenologic evidence of tumor. Sera of the 2 exceptional rats lacked blocking 2 and 8 weeks before tumor detection, respectively. The sera of only one animal specifically inhibited lymphocyte cytotoxicity despite consistently negative double-contrast examinations. At autopsy this rat was found to have an adenocarcinoma of the distal rectum, impossible to visualize by the roentgenologic technique used. In serum samples obtained from animals after successful tumor excision and with no radiologic evidence of recurrence, blocking activity could no longer be demonstrated. Rats that had received carcinogen but developed no tumor and had no abnormalities on double-contrast examination demonstrated no serum blocking activity. PMID- 1127726 TI - Carcinogenicity of three dose levels of 1,4-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2-propynyl-N cyclooctyl carbamate in male Sprague-Dawley and F344 rats. AB - Feeding 1,4-bis(fluorophenyl)-2-propynyl-N-cyclooctyl carbamate to F344 or Sprague-Dawley male rats at 125-500 ppm in the diet led to many carcinomas of the small intestine and ear duct (Zymbal's gland tumors) in addition to lymphomas and leukemias. A high incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas was found in the Sprague Dawley rats. Only a few colon or liver tumors were observed in each strain. PMID- 1127727 TI - Cytotoxic and oncogenic activities of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane and metabolites to mouse embryo cells in culture. AB - The cytotoxic and oncogenic activities of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), and its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), and bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid, were studies at various equimolar concentrations in an in vitro mouse embryo cell culture system that was malignantly transformable. DDD was the most active compound in producing transformation, whereas DDT and DDE showed slight activity. However, none of the transformed foci had the typical malignantly transformed morphology produced by 7,12-dimethylben[a]anthracene and did not produce tumors when inoculated into syngeneic mice. PMID- 1127728 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in rat tissues by naturally occurring indoles of cruciferous plants. AB - A phytochemical investigation to identify inducers of increased aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity from three cruciferous vegetables, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower, resulted in the identification of indole-3 acetonitrile, indole-3-carbinol, and 3,3'-diindolylmethane as naturally occurring inducers. These compounds are produced during the hydrolysis of indolyl-methyl glucosinolate by the plant enzyme myrosinase. PMID- 1127729 TI - Tumor suppression by pyran copolymer: correlation with production of cytotoxic macrophages. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of pyran copolymer (pyran-2-succinic anhydride-4,5 dicarboxytetrahydro-6-methylanhydride polymer) protected C3H/HeN male mice against tumor development after intradermal challenge with cells of the transplantable, methylcholanthrene-induced, syngeneic fibrosarcoma 1038. Peritoneal cells from pyran-treated but not from normal animals suppressed tumor development in local passive-transfer experiments. Adherent peritoneal cells from pyran-treated mice were cytotoxic in vitro to several syngeneic murine tumor cell lines including 1038. PMID- 1127730 TI - Inhibitory effect of interferon on multiplication of Friend leukemia cells in vivo. AB - The multiplication of Friend leukemia cells in the spleens of irradiated or nonirradiated histocompatible DBA/2 mice was determined by the uptake of 125-5 iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. The multiplication was inhibited by daily treatment with mouse interferon preparations or the interferon inducer, Newcastle disease virus. Since, under the experimental conditions used, the proliferation of the Friend leukemia cells was independent of the replication of the Friend virus, the inhibitory effect of interferon might not be mediated by an antiviral effect but by some other mechanism. PMID- 1127731 TI - Inhibition of metastasis in rats immunized with xenogenized autologous tumor cells after excision of the primary tumor. AB - Subcutaneously transplanted 3-methylcholanthrene-induced KMT-17 tumor in WKA rats yielded not only a local solid tumor but also frequent metastases in regional lymph nodes. Neither active immunization with xenogenized identical tumor cells nor surgical excision of the solid tumor prohibited the metastases when each treatment was given 4 days after tumor transplantation. However, immunization combined with surgery significantly decreased the metastases and prolonged survival. PMID- 1127732 TI - Hormonal status of breast cancer. I. Thoretical basis for the analysis of steroid profile. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography was applied to the analysis of urinary steroids of women. In the statistical analysis, quantitation of all steroid excretions and ratios among them were transformed to give a normal frequency distribution. The influence of the host's age and the menstrual cycle on 24 hours' excretion was investigated for each of 14 identified neutral steroids, of which four in our fraction 2 (11-hydroxyandrosterone, 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone, pregnanediol, and pregnanetriol) were menstruation dependent. The 14 neutral steroid excretions were generally correlated with one another within the host, and the use of a steroid ratio rather than quantitation of steroid excretion was often more sensitive in the characterization of the hormonal status. PMID- 1127733 TI - Social class differences among patients with large-bowel cancer in Cali, Colombia. AB - The incidence of large-bowel cancer in Cali, Colombia, for 1962-71 shows the upper socioeconomic classes to be a higher risk. This is the first report of a socioeconomic gradient in risk for this site. The gradients were most marked for cancer of the ascending through rectosigmoid colon and were minimal for cancer of the cecum and rectum. The Cali experience presents several parallels with information derived from comparisons of developed and developing countries and also appears consistent with recent information on the possible role of dietary factors in bowel cancer. PMID- 1127734 TI - Characterization of human maligant melanoma cell lines. I. Morphology and growth characteristics in culture. AB - Seven human malignant melanoma lines were maintained in vitro for various periods of time. One line, established in this laboratory from a metastatic solid tumor by repeated treatment of the primary outgrowth with 0.02 percent EDTA, allowed a continuous culture of melanoma cells free of fibroblasts. By light microscopy, cells in each line could be classified into one of three morphologic types: elongated dendritic, cuboidal, or triangular dendritic. Four of the seven lines exhibited various degrees of pigmentation. The growth pattern was determined by plating efficiency and saturation density for each line. Cytogenetic analysis with the fluorescent banding technique revealed only human chromosomes with gross aneuploidy. Major marker chromosomes specific for each line were identified. None of the parameters studied showed any correlation or interdependence with one another, except for an association of elongated dendritic morphology with poor plating efficiency and low saturation density. PMID- 1127735 TI - Circulating interferon in man after administration of exogenous human leukocyte interferon. AB - Interferon was measured at different intervals after the iv, sc, and im application of exogenous human leukocyte interferon to patients with various virus diseases or neoplasms. Interferon injected iv into patients had a half-life of about 15 minutes in the 1st hour and of about 90 minutes in the next 3 hours. Six hours after iv injection of 30 million U, no serum interferon was detectable. With a continuous iv infusion, a relatively high serum interferon level was reached. By the im administration of 1 million U interferon, a peak level of serum interferon (mean value 107 U/ml serum) occurred after 2 hours and was fairly stable for about 6 hours. Twenty-four hours after im application, a low level of serum interferon was still detectable. Similar results were found after sc interferon injections. In a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, no interferon was found in the cerebrospinal fluid at the time of the highest serum interferon level and 24 hours after two im interferon injections. Only minimal side reactions resulted from sc and im interferon injections. In one patient, a shock reaction occurred after iv application. For therapeutic trials, about 1 million U exogenous human interferon should be injected twice daily im or sc. PMID- 1127736 TI - Tryptophanase of fecal flora as a possible factor in the etiology of colon cancer. AB - Twenty-three strains of intestinal anaerobes obtained from two laboratories were examined for indole production from tryptophan. Among the 23 isolates tested, three of Bacteroides fragilis thetaiotaomicron and one Citrobacter sp. were indole positive. The tryptophanase of the indole-positive strains of intestinal anaerobes was inducible by tryptophan and was susceptible to glucose repression. The products of tryptophanase activity were formed in stoichiometric amounts by dialyzed, freshly prepared extracts. The tryptophan concentration and tryptophanase activity in feces from rats on an all-meat diet were significantly higher than those in feces from rats on a normal diet. The results indicated that the higher tryptophanase activity in the feces of rats fed an all-meat diet is due to the inducibility of this enzyme by tryptophan and is not due to any inhibitor in the feces of rats on a normal diet. The results also suggested that a population with a diet rich in meat has a greater chance for exposure to possible carcinogens such as indole and other tryptophan metabolites. This agrees with the hypothesis, based on epidemiologic data, that a high intake of meat may be related to the development of colon cancer in man. PMID- 1127737 TI - In vitro culture of cells isolate from dimethylnitrosamine-induced renal mesenchymal tumors of the rat. I. Qualitative morphology. AB - The in vitro morphology of cells isolated from renal mesenchymal tumors induced in rats by a single ip injection of dimethylnitrosamine was followed in short- and long-term culture. The morphology of cells isolated from normal rat-kidney cortex was studied for comparison. Primary tumor-cell isolates consisted of a range of mesenchymal cell forms interspersed between discrete, homogeneous islands of cohesive epithelium-like cells. The latter were presumably derived from renal parenchyma that had been engulfed within the in vivo neoplasm by proliferating tumor cells, since this epithelial component did not survive serial subculture. Established tumor cell lines consisted of a pleomorphic range of mesenchymal forms resembling the descriptions of various cell types in vitro, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. A range of mesenchymal cell forms in culture therefore correlated with the heterogeneous histologic nature of the in vivo neoplasm in which fibroblasts, smooth muscle fibers, and endothelium-like cells were also represented. Multinucleate or polymorphonuclear giant cells were characteristic of tumor cell cultures, whereas large, expanded polygonal cells with longitudinal striations were characteristic of normal kidney cell cultures. Some tumor cell cultures were typified by cells with cytoplasmic vacuolation and some by the acquisition of an epithelioid form at high cell density, a change not preceded by islands of cohesive, epithelium like cells at preconfluent stages. PMID- 1127738 TI - Morphology and morphogenesis of experimental epithelial tumors of the intestine. AB - In a morphogenetic study of experimental tumors of the intestine, 556 male noninbred albino rats were given weekly sc injections of 21 mg 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride/kg body weight and were killed at different intervals (10-70 rats/wk) after the beginning of treatment. Intestinal carcinomas developed in almost all rats surviving 5 months after the beginning of the experiment. In addition, intestinal tumors induced in 800 rats of both sexes were examined. Tumor development began with a widening of the proliferative zone within the crypts, an indication of enterocyte differentiation disorders. The ensuing in situ carcinoma became superficial cancer capable of invading the lamina propria of the mucosa. Its continued growth caused the tumor to penetrate the tunica muscularis mucosae into the underlying layers of the intestinal wall. Thus experimental intestinal adenocarcinomas developed de novo or, at least, were not preceded by adenomatous polyps. Signet-ring cell carcinomas began with the accumulation of goblet cells in cells of signet-ring appearance; later they ruptured the basal membrane and infiltrated the surrounding tissues. The proposed scheme of morphogenesis of experimental tumors was correlated with current concepts of rectal tumor development in man. PMID- 1127739 TI - Foreign-body tumorigenesis by vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer: no evidence for chemical cocarcinogenesis. AB - We investigated whether vinyl chloride monomers, released from implants of vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer (VCA), exerted cocarcinogenic activity and added thereby to the mechanism of foreign-body (FB) tumorigenesis. CBA/H and CBA/H-T6 mice were used. No evidence was found to indicate that chemical carcinogenic activity partakes in tumorigenesis by VCA implants. Hence it was concluded that VCA plastic is not suitable for the study of the combined process of FB/chemical cocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, experimental results obtained with VCA film implants were representative of FB tumorigenesis in the absence of demonstrable chemical carcinogenic activity. PMID- 1127740 TI - Rupture of the stomach from blunt abdominal trauma. PMID- 1127741 TI - Isolated gastric rupture due to blunt trauma. PMID- 1127742 TI - Valley triage: an approach to mass casuality care. AB - Organizations prepared to respond to war, fire, flood, earthquake, or attack are essential for effective disaster control. "Valley Triage" the San Fernando Valley Medical Triage Team in Los Angeles, was formed to meet this need. The team is a mobile medical unit staffed by physicians and coordinated with civilian and military emergency services. It incorporates innovative means of communication, transportation, equipment, and training. The primary aim of Valley Triage is to provide on-site medical attention to disaster victims, and to coordinate their transfer to adequately staffed and equipped hospitals. Valley Triage offers a new approach to disaster management and can serve as a model for the development of other teams throughout the nation. PMID- 1127743 TI - Displaced olecranon fracture in children. PMID- 1127744 TI - Preoperative angiography in vascular trauma: report of four unusual cases. PMID- 1127745 TI - Psychological aspects of severe physical injury and its treatment. PMID- 1127746 TI - Cardiac trauma: an experimental model of isolated myocardial contusion. PMID- 1127747 TI - Spontaneous delayed splenic rupture--case report of a five-year interval between trauma and diagnosis. AB - A 27-year-old white man was admitted in shock with a tender distended abdomen 5 years following significant thoraco-abdominal trauma. Immediately following resuscitation he had an emergency exploratory laparotomy because of his critical condition. At operation 3 liters of old and fresh blood were present intraperitoneally and the spleen was ruptured. The spleen was surrounded by and adherent to the omentum and adjacent viscera. Splenectomy was performed and recovery was uneventful. Histologic examination of the spleen confirmed the 5 year interval between injury and rupture. Delayed splenic rupture accounts for 14% of all splenic injuries and has a high mortality. This case represents the longest reported delay between splenic trauma and delayed rupture. PMID- 1127748 TI - Disruption of the renal pelvis by blunt trauma. AB - Blunt trauma to the renal pelvis is exceedingly rare and such trauma of the ureter is only slightly more common. A tetrad of radiologic findings should suggest the diagnosis when there is a high index of suspicion. It would seem that early surgical treatment would be the preferred program but in the face of serious associated trauma there is little lost by waiting. Nineteen days elapsed between injury and repair in this case. That duration may be excessive, but as shown in this case the result was excellent and the patient's retroperitoneum was never infected. We do not advocate a purposeful delay of this duration but on the other hand there is no reason to assume that it is particularly harmful. PMID- 1127749 TI - Repair of a false aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 1127750 TI - Splenic pseudocyst: a late complication of trauma. PMID- 1127751 TI - Special hazards of first rib fractures. PMID- 1127752 TI - Hepatostomy for central hepatic hematomas. AB - Two patients with central hepatic hematomas are presented. Hepatostomy tube drainage provided prompt healing of the cavities without complications. The technique is presented as a safe and effective alternative to hepatic resection without compromising the established principles of management. PMID- 1127753 TI - Diazepam hypnosis for orthipaedic manipulations. AB - In this study, intravenous diazepam was a convenient, safe, and entirely adequate replacement of anesthesia for orthopaedia manipulations. It was administered in the hospital emergency room to both healthy and ill patients. A wide age range of patients was treated, and many very difficult reductions were accomplished. It is the author's firm opinion, however, that the physician using this technique should be capable of using emergency respiratory resuscitation equipment and that such equipment should be immediately available. Close attention should be paid to the recomended method of drug administration and the physician should be congnizant of potential complications. PMID- 1127754 TI - Electrical burns of the mouth in children; a method for assessing results. AB - A retrospective study has been reported of a 15-year experience with electrical burns of the mouth in children. Addtionally, a method has been described by which the surgical results to date can be measured. It seems that the means of initial treatment (excision vs. conservative) does not influence the final results, but rather the extent of injury is probably the crucial factor. Because of a high incidence of significant bleeding from the labial artery, and the concept of early wound excision to diminish late scaring, we continus to favor initial delayed primary excision. PMID- 1127755 TI - Thoracic aortic clamping for prophylaxis against sudden cardiac arrest during laparotomy for acute massive hemoperitoneum. AB - Experimental studies in dogs were performed to develop a model simulating clinical patients with penetrating wounds of the major abdominal vessels who develop sudden cardiac arrest following laparotomy and decompression of an acute massive hemoperitoneum. Hypovolemic dogs with a saline-distended tense abdomen and major arterial bleeding after laparotomy develop a sudden deterioration of cardiac function despite raped blood infusion, thus simulating the clinical problem. However, thoracic aortic occlusion before laparotomy and until control of distal arterial bleeding prevented such a cardiovascular collapse. Increased intra-abdominal pressure it itself was determental to cardiovascular function; its sudden release by laparotomy was associated with an improvement in cardiovascular function. An approach of thoracic aortic control before laparotomy is recommended in patients with acute massive hemoperitoneum who remain hypotensive before laparotomy. PMID- 1127756 TI - The effects of methylprednisolone on oxygenation in experimental hypoxemic respiratory failure. AB - Methylprednisolone administration in dogs with oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema increases survival rate, cardiac output, oxygen delivery, and peripheral capillary Po2 compared to untreated dogs with edema. In addition, there is evidence that steroid treatment brings about a more favorable relationship between ventilation and perfusion but this effect takes a longer time than those dependent on cardiac output. There is mounting evidence from this and other studies that steroids represent a rational form of treatment at least for some forms of hypoxemic respiratory failure. PMID- 1127757 TI - Vertebral column injuries and seat belts. AB - It is obvious from the above that there are several independent mechanisms in the production of the various types of lumbar fractures. The details of these mechanisms must be fully understood in each case of lumbar vertebral injury. The cases reviewed in the present paper show that similar if not identical lumbar injuries can occur in car occupants wearing or not wearing lap belts at the time of the crash. Thus, cauxally relating a lumbar injury to the lap seat belt is in error. Only distraction injuries located between 1-2 and 1-4 with no evidence of either compression or anterior wedging can be causally related to a lap belt. Even some injuries with this typical confuguration have been observed in persons who were not belted (10). Thus, without knowledge of details of the crunch, lumbar fractures could mistakenly related to use of the lap belt. Thoraculumbar injuries have been senn in patients who were ejected from the car some time during the crash event. Relating the ejection event to the lumbar fracture must be done with great caution. As has been shown by Roaf (48) and by Kaufer and Hayes (33), the type and location of the lumbar spine injury can frequently and indicatory of load application. Other body injuries, or lack thereof, are often good clues to determine the point of load application causing lumbar injury. In addition, it has been recomended that additional details of the injury and of the accident be obtained for accuracy reporting of seat belt injuries. PMID- 1127758 TI - Nasal fractures. AB - Although diagnosis and treatment of acute nasal fractures are usually relatively simple, they often go undiagnosed and untreated because of frequent dependence on the reports of facial-bone X-rays taken through the emergency room. A routine method of managing displaced nasal fractures has given excellent results with almost no complications. This techiniqe, along with our approach to the managemnet of healed nasal fracture deformities, is presented. Salient statistical information regarding etiology, associated injuries, and complications included. PMID- 1127759 TI - The immediate circulatory response to high-velocity missiles. AB - The immediate hemodynamic response to a high-velocity missile wound was studied in the hind legs of dogs. A spherical missile of constant mass and velocity was used. The immediate effect after the shot was a marked transient peak flow, which may be due to the effects of the pressure wave on the vascular bed, with a release of constrictor tone. The subsequent more constant increase of blood flow in the traumatized leg is of the same character as that seen following extensive soft-tissue contusion trauma. In addition to these local changes there was also a generalized effect with decreased blood pressure without a compensating increase in hear rate. This may be explained by the specific character of the trauma that a high-velocity missile produces. PMID- 1127760 TI - Early intracranial pressure studies in gunshot wounds of the brain. AB - Intracranial pressure (ICP) was recorded following gunshot wounds of the brain in 20 patients, and in 11 of them within an hour of injury, during resuscitation. In six who were bleeding profusely, both ICP and blood pressure were low, and they required massive transfusion, with successful outcome in two. Four others presented with small wounds and high ICP. Others, with minimal damage, had "normal" pressures, but this could be affected adversely by coughing, struggling, and minor degrees of respiratory obstruction. Immediate endotracheal intubation, muscle relaxation, and mechanical ventilation prevented such deterioration. Controlled ventilation was continued postoperatively and seemed to control ICP in survivors. It is suggested that the very labile post-traumatic condition of such patients can be improved by adequate resuscitation, immediate intubation, and controlled ventilation; ICP monitoring is valuable pre- and postoperatively in assessing treatment. PMID- 1127761 TI - Ten years' experience with femoral shaft fractures. AB - One hundred one patients with femoral shaft fractures treated by open reduction and intramedullary fixation have been presented. The results demonstrated no nonunions in nonpathologic bone; less than 2% infection; clinical union in 4 to 6 months; radiologic union at 6 to 8 months; excellent range of knee motion in more than 90% of patients; unsupported full weight-bearing usually present by the eighth postoperative week, and an average hospital stay of 6 to 7 weeks. The advantages and disadvantages of the most common methods of treatment of femoral shaft fractures have been reviewed. The non-operative approach of cast-bracing has yielded encouraging results in the hands of those well-trained in its application. Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the operative and nonoperative techniques, as described, we feel that open reduction and internal fixation with an intramedullary rod is still the treatment of choice for most femoral shaft fractures, in the hands of most orthopaedic surgeons. PMID- 1127762 TI - An appliance to prevent and treat microstomia from burns. AB - The development and use of a dynamic splint, Microstomia Prevention Appliance, is described. It is effective in preventing microstomia as a consequence of burns and is capable of enlarging a contracted mouth if used before maturation of the scar. PMID- 1127763 TI - Traumatic arterio-ureteral fistula: "hematuria" without urine. AB - A case is presented in which a patient with a gunshot wound in the abdomen sustained a traumatic arterio-ureteral fistula with resultant continual output of bloody fluid from the urethral catheter in the absence of any real production of urine. It is important to recognize the possibility of false reassurance regarding the patient's general status by supposing fluid thus produced to be an indication of actual urine formation. PMID- 1127764 TI - Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the kidney; an unusual cause of hypertensive encephalopathy. AB - A patient with a traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the kidney developed encephalopathy with seizures and was unconscious for 48 hours before undergoing a left nephrectomy, excision of a false aneurysm of the left renal artery, and colostomy closure. He has remained in good health for two years following the final operative intervention. PMID- 1127765 TI - Proximal interphalangeal joint injuries and their initial treatment. AB - Many PIP joint injuries which appear to be innocuous are actually very severe injuries to this small hinged joint and carry a high percentage of disability for the hand as well as the individual digit. A flexion contracture of the PIP joint of one digit may significantly reduce the functional capacity of the entire hand. To prevent such physical impairment, the type of PIP joint injury must be defined and the proper treatment for the particular injury must be initiated. Second, it is paramount that prolonged immobilization of this joint be prevented. It has been found, through clinical experience and experimental projects, that the early healing process is complete by 3 weeks and active motion may then be initiated without any detrimental effects. Extensor and flexor contractures of this joint are apt to occur in digits which have been immobilized for significantly longer than 3 weeks. Finally, the well-publicized "position of function" for the hand is not necessarily the ideal position for the rehabilitation of the hand. The "intrinsic plus position" is the position of choice for immobilization of the MP and PIP joints to prevent contractures. This concept has been confirmed by our clinical experience and the biomechanical studies performed in the laboratory. PMID- 1127766 TI - Legal aspects of emergency medical services. PMID- 1127767 TI - Knee fusion after severe injury to the knee joint. PMID- 1127768 TI - Vitamin A assay in burned patients. AB - A study of serum vitamin A levels in burned patients at the Vancouver General Hospital (1972-1973) is reported in an attempt to relate hypovitaminosis A to acute stress erosions in the gastrointestinal tract. Thirty-one patients were studied, of whom 10 had moderate to severe burns. Vitamin A levels of normal males and females at the Vancouver General Hospital averaged at 35 mug/100 ml. Patients with burn indices of less than 12 did not show any significant fall in serum vitamin A levels. The fall of vitamin A levels was greater as the burn index increased, and the fall of vitamin A level was noticed within 48 hours postburn and returned to normal by the second week postburn. In patients with severe burns and gastrointestinal bleeding with stress ulcers, the serum vitamin A levels fell more profoundly (e.g., 18 mug/100 ml). Four patients with gastrointestinal bleeding were detected, of whom three had acute gastric erosions with low serum vitamin A levels. The possibility that hypovitaminosis A is a contributing factor in acute gastric erosions of the gastric mucosa in severely burned patients is suggested. PMID- 1127769 TI - Diagnosis and management of abdominal gunshot wounds during pregnancy. AB - The literature on gunshot wounds of the gravid uterus is reviewed, and three new cases reported. Clinical management is discussed, with emphasis on the condition of the abdominal wall and other connective tissue during pregnancy, the contraindications for paracentesis, the changes during pregnancy in blood volume, central venous pressure, white blood count, and GI and GU tracts, and indications for celiotomy or cesarean section. PMID- 1127770 TI - Acute ligamentous injuries of the knee. Single contrast arthrography--a diagnostic aid. PMID- 1127771 TI - Trauma of cervical spine as cause of chronic headache. PMID- 1127772 TI - ECG changes after experimental head trauma. AB - ECG changes have been recorded in 11 monkeys following experimental head injury. The principal changes include bradycardia, shortening of the Q-Tc interval, prolongation of the Q-T interval, and alterations of rhythm. The changes last from a few seconds to approximately 2 hours. It is concluded that the changes result from a massive autonomic out-flow from the injured brain and in occasional instances may result in death due to cardiac arrest. PMID- 1127773 TI - Changes in the serum alpha glycoprotein distribution in trauma patients. AB - Serum electropherograms of trauma patients, when stained for glycoproteins, show striking changes in the alpha glycoproteins of these patients which revert to normal if and when they recover. Thus monitoring of the glycoprotidograms of trauma patients (contrary to ordinary protidograms) is likely to afford important information on the course of these patients' recovery. Of two glycoproteins that have been more closely studied, one, alpha1A acid glycoprotein, is a phagocytosis inhibitor; it is increased in the sera of trauma patients. The other, alpha2HS glycoprotein, is a phagocytosis promotor (or opsonin); it is decreased in the sera of trauma patients. Both the increase of the first and the decrease of the second glycoprotein may thus contribute to the known increased proneness to bacterial infection among these patients. PMID- 1127774 TI - Spinal cord injury following electrical accidents: case reports. PMID- 1127775 TI - Editorial: Weapons and wounds. PMID- 1127776 TI - Measuring the emergency surgical care of auto-accident patients. AB - A series of 2,389 Emergency Department surgical admissions was assessed for quantitative indices of actual services rendered and time spent. Auto accident related patients were compared to other Emergency Department surgical patients. The average diagnostic index for auto accident patients was 48 units compared to 25 units for all patients. Their workload for Emergency Department personnel was twice the average for non-automobile accident patients. Although they made up to 7.9% of all patients, they accounted for 15% of the total diagnostic services, 12% of the total therapeutic services, and 14% of the overall services rendered during the period of study. These data suggest strongly that auto accident related patients are different from the average Emergency Department surgical patient and are quantitatively treated differently from other surgical patients. PMID- 1127777 TI - Fractures of the scapula: a review of 53 fractures. AB - A series of 53 fractures of the scapula has been reviewed. Almost three fourths of our patients were injuried in automobile or motorcycle accidents in which severe force was applied to the shoulder region. There is rarely a problem in diagnosis, but one may need to take special roentgenographic views to delineate the extent of the fracture clearly. A geographic classification of these fractures was used, and it was found that 66% occur in the region of the scapular neck. It was emphasized that 81% of these patients had other associated injuries, many of which were life threatening. Symptomatic immobilization of the scapular fracture seems to be adequate for the vast majority, if not all, patients. PMID- 1127778 TI - Room temperature vulcanizing silastic in facial contour reconstruction. PMID- 1127779 TI - Evaluation of leukocyte function in burned individuals by in vitro oxygen consumption. PMID- 1127780 TI - A survey of motor vehicle burn accidents in children: report of 45 cases. AB - The association of burns with motor vehicles was reviewed from the records of 1,532 children treated at the Galveston Shriners Burns Institute since 1966. Forty-five children were burned in or about a motor vehicle. The most common causes were gasoline spillage in moving vehicle accidents, and small children playing with matches unattended in a stationary vehicle. Motor vehicle burn patients had more serious and larger burns than in the general burn population. Of the 34 children burned within the confined space of a motor vehicle, 94% suffered face and/or hand burns. There was a high incidence of respiratory problems. In the moving motor-vehicle fire accident group there were 13 major injuries seen in 17 patients. Of the total motor vehicle occupancy in 38 separate accidents, 19 people died and 66 were hospitalized at the SBI or elsewhere. PMID- 1127781 TI - An experimental study on the healing of bone following application of a microcrystalline collagen hemostasis agent. PMID- 1127782 TI - Bicycle injuries: one-year sample in Calgary. PMID- 1127783 TI - Civilian vascular injuries. PMID- 1127784 TI - Clostridium sordelli infection. AB - A case of human Clostridium sordelli soft tissue infection is presented. Analysis of this patient's course led to the use of a mouse experimental model for examination of this organism's potential for toxin production. Data thus obtained correlated with that seen in this instance of human infection, indicates that the lethal effects of this organism may be related to the ability to Clostridium sordelli to produce a widespread "toxin-mediated" edema with subsequent marked "third-space" sequestration of fluid. PMID- 1127785 TI - Vascular impairment as a result of fracture-dislocation of the ankle. PMID- 1127786 TI - Arterial subdural hematomas of unusual origin. PMID- 1127787 TI - Conflagration in an ambulance oxygen system. PMID- 1127788 TI - Traumatic hemipelvectomy: case report and literature review. AB - A case of traumatic hemipelvectomy with survival is presented, apparently the sixth reported case in the literature. Following complete left hemipelvectomy and fracture of the right acetabulum, the patient recovered, demonstrated voluntary bowel and urinary control, was full weight bearing on crutches (against advice), and refused a bucket seat or prosthesis, as well as neurosurgical consultation. The patient was then unfortunately lost to followup. PMID- 1127789 TI - Editorial: Tetanus: the continuing problem of physicians and nonphysicians. PMID- 1127790 TI - The amphid of the nematode Oncholaimus vesicarius: ultrastructural evidence for a dual function as chemoreceptor and photoreceptor. PMID- 1127791 TI - The ultrastructure of the developing proximal tubule in the rat kidney. PMID- 1127792 TI - Electron microscopy with reduced beam damage to the specimen: a retractable image intensifier. PMID- 1127793 TI - Electron microscopy of freeze-fractured rat peritoneal mast cells. PMID- 1127794 TI - Intercellular junctions in the early human embryonic retina. PMID- 1127795 TI - Desmosomal form, fate, and function in mammalian epidermis. PMID- 1127796 TI - Stereological analysis of mammalian skeletal muscle. II. White vastus muscle of the adult guinea pig. PMID- 1127797 TI - [Ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis in Piscicola geometra L. (Hirudinee rhynchobdelle)]. PMID- 1127798 TI - Renal perfusion/excretion determination renogram: a new tool in the diagnostic evaluation of renovascular hypertension. AB - Presented herein are initial experiences with the RP/ED renogram, a unique radioisotope differential split function study, which can be performed with a minimum of discomfort to the patient. This test should totally supplant the existing renogram and, with additional experience, may replace the use of split function studies in the evaluation of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 1127799 TI - Renal functional abnormalities in post-unilateral ureteral obstruction in man: a comparison of these defects to post-obstructive diuresis. AB - The failure of fluid and electrolyte conservation in post-obstructive diuresis has not been demonstrated after release of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Despite this, balance and renal function studies in patients with this disorder indicate similar renal defects. The clinical difference is caused by a markedly low glomerular filtration rate in unilateral problems that prevents the excessive losses found with total obstruction. PMID- 1127800 TI - Iliac artery aneurysm: a common cause of ureteral obstruction. AB - Iliac artery aneurysms may cause ureteral obstruction. Six cases are reported. The major symptom is renal colic but a palpable aneurysm and a bruit may be found preoperatively and urinalysis may reveal microhematuria. On x-ray the ureter may be deviated medially, anteriorly or laterally. The ureter is bound down in a dense, desmoplastic reaction. All of our patients were treated by ureterolysis, with resection and grafting of the aneurysm in 4 of the 6. PMID- 1127801 TI - Ureteral and periureteral fibrosis as delayed sequelae to lower urinary tract injury. PMID- 1127802 TI - The isolated sigmoid segment: its value in temporary urinary diversion and reconstruction. AB - Two patients with severe bladder disease have undergone temporary urinary diversion with a sigmoid conduit as part of planned reconstruction of the lower urinary tract. Their lower urinary tracts have been reconstituted successfully by means of sigmoid cystoplasties. Experimental data further support use of the sigmoid conduit vis-a-vis use of the traditional ileal conduit for long-term diversion and reconstruction. A main advantage of the sigmoid segment is the ability to create an antirefluxing ureterointestinal anastomosis. We have demonstrated that ureteral reflux from ileal conduits produces histologic evidence of pyelonephritis. Colonic conduits, by preventing reflux, reduce the frequency of pyelonephritis and function in an equivalent manner to ileal segments when used either for cutaneous diversion or ureteral substitution in reconstruction. PMID- 1127803 TI - Family study of vesicoureteral reflux. AB - A retrospective analysis of 242 families revealed that the incidence of reflux among siblings of children with reflux was 2.2 per cent. In a prospective study of 24 families, 8 of 50 siblings (16 per cent) had reflux. Although the incidence of reflux in the prospective study is surprisingly high infections was absent in all affected siblings in whom cultures were obtained and in only 2 siblings (4 per cent) was surgical correction necessary. PMID- 1127804 TI - Familial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 1127805 TI - Diagnostic value of the penile pulse and blood pressure: a Doppler study of impotence in diabetics. AB - Penile pulses were palpated and brachial, penile and popliteal pressures were measured with the Doppler technique in 29 normal subjects and in 15 impotent diabetics. The pulses were palpable in all normal subjects but not in 6 diabetics. The penile blood pressure was obtainable in all the normal subjects but not in 2 diabetics. Using the penile pulse data and a comparison of the penile with the brachial systolic pressures, 2 or possibly 3 grades of penile ischemia are definable, providing a measure of pelvic vascular insufficiency. PMID- 1127806 TI - Varicocelectomy as therapy in male infertility: a study of 504 cases. AB - During a 10-year period 504 selected subfertile men underwent surgical correction of varicocele and had a followup of at least 1 year. Improved semen quality was reported in 71 per cent of the men and 55 per cent of the wives became pregnant. Statistically, results were better in terms of semen quality improvement and pregnancy in patients who had preoperative sperm counts greater than 10 million per cc (88 per cent improved, 68 per cent pregnant) compared to patients who had preoperative sperm counts of less than 10 million per cc (33 per cent improved, 23 per cent pregnant). The impiric use of postoperative human chorionic gonadotropin therapy in the latter group of patients improves results significantly (56 per cent improved, 44 per cent pregnant). PMID- 1127807 TI - Transurethral prostatic resection in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. AB - Twenty-one patients with prosthetic cardiac valves successfully underwent transurethral prostatic resection at the Mayo Clinic. Temperature elevation in 4 patients was the only postoperative complication; in particular, neither congestive heart failure nor thromboembolic complications developed and there were no operative deaths. Preoperative evaluation and clinical management of potential complications are based on the recognition of the complications that are peculiar to these patients. Particularly important is the proper use of antibiotics and anticoagulants and avoidance of overloading the circulation with fluid from open prostatic venous sinuses. PMID- 1127808 TI - Non-urologic flank pain: a diagnostic approach. AB - Pain typical of that from the diseased reno-ureteral unit can emanate from any adjacent organ or any organ with the same innervation. It may also be the result of, or be exacerbated by, mental illness. Case examples of herniated thoracic disk, T12 neuralgia and short leg syndrome, costovertebral joint arthritis, metastatic carcinoma, myofascial syndrome and pancreatitis demonstrated the need for an orderly approach to the problem. Currently, patient screening with the Cornell medical index and the urology questionnaire allows direction of the physical examination, special radiographic and laboratory studies and psychiatric evaluations. An orderly evaluation of flank pain will prove rewarding and may prevent unnecessary urologic operations. PMID- 1127809 TI - Phenacetin: a carcinogen for the urinary tract? PMID- 1127810 TI - A mobile hemodialysis network in northern Michigan. PMID- 1127811 TI - Population concerns--enlarging the horizons of the urologist. PMID- 1127812 TI - Surgical treatment of renal hypertension in children. PMID- 1127813 TI - The role of scheduled voiding in the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux. PMID- 1127814 TI - Direct and indirect radionuclide cystography. AB - Direct radionuclide cystography, using short half-life radiopharmaceuticals, is considered to be more reliable for detecting vesicoureteral reflux than conventional roentgenographic techniques. In addition to the detection of vesicoureteral reflux, other parameters determined include the bladder volume when reflux occurs, calculation of volume of fluid that has refluxed, accurate calculation of residual urine volume, estimation of reflux drainage time, and the visualization and diagnosis of gross anatomic abnormalities. Currently, a major disadvantage is poor resolution, prohibiting analysis of small bladder defects and urethral abnormalities. The major advantage of nuclear cystography is the small radiation dose delivered with its use. It is estimated that at least 100 radionuclide studies can be performed for the same radiation expense as a single roentgenographic study. PMID- 1127815 TI - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate in childhood. AB - Of 30 children treated for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma the primary site of tumor was the bladder in 14 cases (9 boys and 5 girls) and the prostate in 16 cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 3 years in patients with bladder sarcoma and 6.5 years in patients with sarcoma of the prostate. Over-all survival rate has been 23 per cent--5 children with rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and 2 with rhadbomyosarcoma of the porstate are alive from 1 1/2 to 23 years postoperatively. Aggressive coordinated treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and cyclic combination chemotherapy is recommended. PMID- 1127816 TI - The genital aspects of exstrophy. AB - Genital anomalies associated with exstrophic deformities are mainly caused by the wedge effect of the cloacal membrane. The more primitive the exstrophy the more severe are the genital defects. With exstrophy of the cloaca genital tract invariable. The main practical problem relates to the male subject with epispadias alone or in association with bladder exstrophy. Correction of the penile deformity requires release of the chordee by freeing the short urethra from the corpora cavernosa and lengthening the organ by partial separation of the crura from the bony rami. The possession of an adequate phallus is generally the prime consideration of the patient and his parents, and surgical reconstruction should aim to provide maximal correction of the anomalies at an early age. PMID- 1127817 TI - A case of renovascular hypertension in a 9-month-old child. PMID- 1127818 TI - The diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma by use of a new radiopharmaceutical: a case presentation. PMID- 1127819 TI - Idiopathic ureteroduodenal fistula. PMID- 1127820 TI - The contracted bladder and ureteral diversion--one approach to reconstruction: a case report. PMID- 1127821 TI - Primary hydatid cyst of the prostate gland. PMID- 1127822 TI - Occult transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate presenting as skin metastasis. PMID- 1127823 TI - Squamous carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 1127824 TI - Study of an intravenous fat tolerance test with Intralipid. II. The relation between K2 and PHLA with special reference to clinical data in human subjects. AB - The relation between K2 and PHLA was studied in human subjects with special reference to clinical data determined by routine laboratory and physical examinations. The results obtained by Multiple Regression Analysis indicated that those factors which may contribute to K2 variation were fasting triglyceride level and age. There was an inverse partial correlation between K2 and fasting triglyceride level and between K2 and age. The first and second principal components calculated by Principal Component Analysis indicated that K2 is closely related to obesity and hyperlipidemia, especially hypertriglyceridemia, while PHLA related to albumin. These two components also suggested that K2 fibes different clinical information from that obtained by PHLA measurement. There was no partial correlation between K2 and PHLA. The various lipoprotein paper electrophoretic patterns, type IIa, type IIb, type IV and normal patterns, were clearly characterized by such factors as K2, plasma triglyceride and degree of obesity which has high coefficients in the first principal component. PMID- 1127825 TI - Comparison of measurements of left ventricle by echography and cineangiography. AB - A comparison of echocardiography with cineangiocardiography in estimating left ventricular dimensions and volumes was undertaken in 43 patients classified into four groups according to the pathophysiology of the left ventricle. There were high correlations between echographic and angiographic ventricular minor axis dimensions, however, when minor axis dimensions were more than 5.0 cm, there were underestimations of minor axis dimensions by echography. From the mean value of long-to-short axis ratio of the left ventricle at end-diastole and end-systole, the following equations were derived for calculating left ventribular volumes from echo dimensions alone: EDV equals 0.837 Dd-3, ESV equals 0.994 Ds-3. That these equations allowed relatively accurate prediction of volumes over a wide range of ventricular sizes was confirmed by comparison with Pombo's formula and Fortuin's formula for calculating left ventricular volume by echo dimensions alone. A comparison of echographic and cineangiographic ejection fraction (EF), relative changes in shortening of internal diameter (delta S), and the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf) was made i; 33 patients with sinus rhythm. There were significant correlations between EF and mean Vcf by echocardiography, except one discordant patient with aortic insufficiency who showed decreased mean Vcg in the face of normal EF, all these results were confirmed by cineangiography. This discrepancy between EF and mean Vcf was ascribed to the prolonged ejection time which characterizes aortic insufficiency. PMID- 1127826 TI - A comparative study on the electrical and mechanical properties of human and guinea pig atrial muscles in vitro. AB - The transmembrane action potential and contractile force of isolated human atrial muscles which were obtained during cardiac surgery by using cardio-pulmonary by pass technique here studied, compared with those of guinea pig left atrium. Force requency curves showed a characteristic triphasic pattern, just as other mammalian atria. When extracellular calcium concentration was raised, percent change in contractile force was strengthened at high frequency of stimulation. When extracellular potassium concentration was reduced, contractile force became stronger and showed a monophasic pattern in response to increased frequency of stimulation. In a solution of lower ouabain concentration, action potential leaved unchanged or showed larger amplitude and longer durati-n. In a solution of higher or "therapeutic" concentration of ouabain, the duration of action potential was shortended, and in its "toxic" concentration, marked decreases in amplitude and duration were induced. The positive inotropic effect of ouabain was attributable to an increase in intensity of active state, because the rate of development of tension was increased without any significant change in the time to peak tension. When extracellular potassium concentration was reduced, contractile force became maximum at louer conce,tration of ouabain, and further increase of concentration induced ectopic impulse formation. In other words, atrail muscles cecame more sensitive to ouabain in a solution with decreased extracellular potassium concentration. PMID- 1127827 TI - Congenital heart disease in forty years of age and over. Prevalence, relative incidence and clinical features. AB - The number of patients of C.H.D. over 40 years old was 40 (male 26, female 14) among 43285 (male 30320, female 12965). Its item: ASD 24, VSD 6, PDA 3, PS 3, ECD 2, Coarctation of the Aorta 1, Eisenmenger whose shunt site was unclear 1. The total prevalence rate was 0.92 per 1000 and female showed slightly higher rate than male (male 0.86 per 1000, female 1.08 per 1000). When it was compared with rheumatic valvular diseases, the ratio of both male and female was about 1/3. C.H.D. is assumed to decrease to about 1/3 or less between the period of school age and the middle age, but the prevalence rate over 60 years old was never lower than the overall prevalence investigated. C.H.D. in the middle and old aged should be kept in mind while examination. PMID- 1127828 TI - Vectorcardiograms of electrocardiographic incomplete left bundle branch block. AB - Vectorcardiographic and pathologic studies were made on 21 cases with electrocardiographic incomplete left bundle branch block. Marked left ventricular hypertrophy, severe coronary sclerosis and myocardial infarction were more frequently observed in the presence of incomplete left bundle branch block than in the control group. A figure-of-eight pattern of the QRS loop in the horizontal plane, a classical pattern of incomplete left bundle branch block hitherto described, was observed only in 9 of 21 cases, although the normal initial deflection of the QRS loop directed to the right and anteriorly was absent in all the cases. The configuration of the QRS loop in the horizontal plane was very helpful for the diagnosis of associated myocardial infarction and marked left ventricular hypertrophy. A smooth figure-of-eight QRS loop in the horizontal plane was observed in the cases with marked left ventricular hypertrophy, while a bizarre distorted QRS loop with a figure-of-eight pattern was observed in the cases with extensive myocardial infarction. A T loop directed to the right and posteriorly was also considered to be a suggestive sign of myocardial infarction. The present observations clearly indicate the usefulness of vectorcardiograms for clinical diagnosis in the presence of electrocardiographic incomplete left bundle branch block. The results also suggest that it seems to be unlikely that one common mechanism is responsible for the development of electrocardiographic encomplete left bundle branch block. PMID- 1127830 TI - [Studies on P waves of mitral valvular diseases by the high-speed and magnified electrocardiograms]. AB - Atrial waves of the electrocardiograms (ECG) of 50 cases of normal subjects and 113 cases of mitral valvular diseases (76 cases of mitral stenosis, 20 cases of mitral insufficiency and 17 cases of mitral steno-insufficiency) were studied by means of the high-speed and magnified electrocardiography. Leads II and V1 and three scalar leads of Frank system (X, Y and Z leads) were recorded by this method. Morphologic observations as well as the quantitative measurements of the amplitudes and the durations of P waves were carried out. Correlations among the various parameters of the P waves and hemodynamic data were examined. and the electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of the left atrial overloading were investigated. The results obtained were as follows: 1) More detailed informations regarding to P waves were obtained by means of the high-speed and magnified ECG. 2) On statistical comparisons of the mean values of the P waves among the normal and the three groups of mitral valvular diseases, the amplitude, the duration and the peak time in lead II were larger in the latter, and the amplitude of positive and negative phases, the duration of negative phase of the diphasic P waves in lead V1 were learger in the latter, while the duration of positive phase was larger in the former. In leads X and Z of Frank system the findings were similar to those in leads II and V1 respectively. 3) The mean values of the instantaneous amplitudes of each 10 msec interval of P waves of scalar ECG of Frank system were compared among the normal and the three groups of the mitral valvular diseases.. PMID- 1127829 TI - Vascular lesions in the various substrains of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the effects of chronic salt ingestion. AB - Among different races, countries and districts there are definite differences in incidence of hypertensive vascular diseases, for example cerebral bleeding. Hereditary and dietary factors presumably play significant roles. Experimental studies under controlled conditions and utilizint suitable animals are indispensable for analysis of the related factors. For confirmation, hypertensive vascular changes in the spontaneously hypertensive rats were histopathologically studied and related to the difference of substrains. Dietary effects of sodium chloride on these vascular changes were investigated by providing the animals with 1% saline for drinking. PMID- 1127831 TI - [Studies on the absorption and excretion of doxycycline for intravenous use (author's transl)]. AB - The absorption and excretion of a new doxycycline solution for intravenous use (DOTC iv) were studied with the following results. 1. Serum levels following one shot intravenous injection of DOTC iv in glucose solution showed a good dose response comparable with that of the same dose injection of pyrrolidinomethyltetracycline (PRM-TC). The urinary excretion was also examined. In 200 mg injection, nausea, general warm feeling, odor in mouth and tongue numbness were complained. 2. When DOTC iv was injected intramuscularly, the serum level did not reach the peak value and low level continued for a long time. Moderate local pain was complained at the site of injection. 3. The serum level following drip infection of DOTC dry fill showed a dose-response as well. The local vein tolerated well. 4. No abnormalities were found in clinical and laboratory examinations in all volunteers. PMID- 1127832 TI - Effects of gentamicin on the thyroid function of rats. AB - The effect of gentamicin (GM) on the thyroid function was investigated in relation with its stimulating action to the growth of rats at a very small dose level. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) Changes in 131-I-uptake of the thyroid after administration of GM were unremarkable. The change in wet weight of the thyroid was also unremarkable. Therefore, GM may not affect the thyroid itself. (2) GM-treated rats clearly showed a decrease in 131-I triiodothyronine resine sponge uptake (trisorb test) as compared with the control animals, viz.,GM-treated rats indicated hypofunction of the thyroid. (3) Thyroxin (t4) levels in theserum, determined by 125-I-T4 resine sponge uptake (tetrasorb test), were apparentlylower in the GM-treated rats than in the control. (4) The thyroid function test for synthesis of the hormones revealed an increase in diiodotyrosine (DIT) value and decreases in 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and T4 values in the GM-treated groups as compared with the values in the control. (5) In view of the above results iit was obvious that GM does not cause abnormalities on iodine-uptake, iodine oxidation, organic conversion to iodinated tyrosines, deiodination and thyroglobulin. In contrast, GM may induce abnormality on coupling reaction from DIT to T3 and T4 because the increase in DIT value and decreases in T3 and T4 values are seen following administration of GM. The whole of these facts seems to play an important role in stimulation to growth of rats after administration of the drug. PMID- 1127833 TI - [Studies on acute toxicity of desacetylcephalothin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1127834 TI - [A case of empyema due to an anaerobic bacteria, Peptostreptococcus]. PMID- 1127835 TI - [On intraperitoneal administration of sodium cephalothin (Keflin "Shionogi"). On safety of administration under anesthesia]. PMID- 1127836 TI - Production amount of antibiotic preparations certified by the National Institute of Health of Japan in 1973. PMID- 1127837 TI - Deep hypothermia and its effect on the 24-hour clock of rats and hamsters. AB - Intensive hypothermia in rats and hamsters whose breathing and heartbeat had stopped for 1-4 hours was used as a setting in which to study the 24-hour biological clock. Pre- and post-hypothermia analyses depended on behavior wherein spontaneous running activity in revolving drums was used as a "hand" of the biological clock. Hypothermia had various effects. In some cases the clock was temporaily stopped, i.e., reset. In others it was simply slowed. Some clocks were both reset and slowed. Others ran without interruption even though breathing and heartbeat had stopped for 3-4 hours. PMID- 1127838 TI - Remarks to the new medical housestaff. PMID- 1127839 TI - Aortic dissection fifteen years after surgical repair of aortic coarctation. AB - A case of fatal dissection of the aorta fifteen years following successful surgical repair of aortic coarctation is reported. Histologic secretions of the wall of the proximal aortic segment showed significant thickening and degenerative changes in the media which were not present in the distal aortic segment. This suggests that irreversible structural changes may have occurred prior to surgical repair of the coarctation and supports the view that early surgical repair of this condition is desirable. PMID- 1127840 TI - Youthful hypercholesteremia: its associated characteristics and role in premature myocardial infarction. AB - Hypercholesteremic medical students were different from their normocholesteremic classmates in a variety of ways. When students are grouped by cholesterol level in medical school, gradients across the means of biological, physiological, physical, and psychological characteristics are found. The hypercholesteremic students were older, shorter, and heavier, with younger mothers, less depression, less anxiety and less overall nervous tension under stress. Compared with their normocholesteremic classmates, youthful hypercholesteremics were more than 30 times as susceptible to episodes of acute myocardial infarction occurring 13 to 21 years after the high cholesterol levels were measured. Ten male medical students who subsequently sustained a myocardial infarction, most of whom were known to have had hypercholesteremia in youth, were significantly different at the outset from their 103 hypercholesteremic classmates who have not had such an episode. On the average, the precoronary individuals in medical school were shorter in stature, were older, had more overall nervous tension under stress, were more tired on awakening and had lower academic standing. The combination of hypercholesteremia and a personality profile denoting sensitivity and vulnerability to stress best characterizes this group of ten subjects who sustained a myocardial infarction at an early age. These findings suggest that it may be possible to differentiate young hypercholesteremics who are highly susceptible to myocardial infarction from their hypercholesteremic peers with relatively low susceptibility on the basis of personality profile. PMID- 1127841 TI - Diarrheagenic effect of volume expansion: intestinal fluid secretion without mucosal adenyl cyclase stimulation. AB - Rapid intravenous saline infusion causes secretion of isotonic fluid by the canine duodenum. The duodenal fluid secretion is not accompanied either by increased adenyl cyclase activity in the mucosal epithelial cells or by widening of the "tight junctions" between epithelial cells. These data clearly indicate that the diarrheagenic effect of volume expansion is not mediated by the adenyl cyclase system. Furthermore, these data provide support for the concept that, when increased mucosal adenyl cyclase activity is associated with gut fluid secretion, the adenyl cyclase stimulation is a primary event, and is not secondary to the transmucosal isotonic fluid movement. PMID- 1127842 TI - The world of values: reflections on the history of The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. PMID- 1127843 TI - A plan for reorganization of the Osler Medical Service. PMID- 1127844 TI - [Roentgenographic features of lung disease due to Mycobacterium intracellulare (primary and secondary infection)]. PMID- 1127845 TI - [Special report: Prevalence of tuberculosis, 1973 (1)]. PMID- 1127846 TI - [Influence of glucocorticosteroid on defence mechanism in tuberculous infection]. PMID- 1127847 TI - [Surgical management of pulmonary tuberculosis at the present stage with the advancement of chemotherapy]. PMID- 1127848 TI - [Tuberculosis in Nepal; an example of tuberculosis control in a developing nation]. PMID- 1127849 TI - [Proceedings: Immunological activity of mycobacteria]. PMID- 1127850 TI - [Proceedings: Epidemiology and management of tuberculosis]. PMID- 1127851 TI - [Proceedings: Clinical immunology in tuberculosis]. PMID- 1127852 TI - [Proceedings: Diagnosis of tuberculosis]. PMID- 1127853 TI - [Proceedings: Heart and lung functions in tuberculosis]. PMID- 1127854 TI - [Proceedings: Chemotherapy in tuberculosis. (2) Clinical courses]. PMID- 1127855 TI - [Proceedings: Surgical management of tuberculosis]. PMID- 1127856 TI - [Proceedings: Prognosis in tuberculosis]. PMID- 1127857 TI - [Proceedings: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and unusual pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1127858 TI - [Proceedings: Infection by a typical acid-fast bacteria]. PMID- 1127859 TI - [Proceedings: Mycoses, sarcoidosis and diabetes]. PMID- 1127860 TI - [Proceedings: Tuberculosis and neoplasms]. PMID- 1127861 TI - Active and passive immunization to angiotensin in experimental acute renal failure. AB - A number of studies support, and others fail to support, the concept that the renin-angiotensin system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. This study, employing active and passive immunization against angiotensin II, was designed to examine the primacy of circulating angiotensin as a mediator of this syndrome. Neither mode of immunization significantly affected the degree of azotemia or the marked reduction of inulin clearance expected in rats subjected to glycerol-induced myohemoglobinuria. Twenty-four hours after challenge, inulin clearance (Cin) in actively immunized rats fell to 3.2% of control and that of unimmunized rats given the same dose of glycerol was 2.5% of control. Although there was some variation among groups of passively immunized rats, Cin of one group being 18% of control, Cin of the other groups was less than 3% of control. The dose and binding capacity of the immune globulin used here were essentially the same as those reported in another study in which immunization was thought to be of prophylactic value in rats subjected to s.c. administered glycerol injections. Technologic differences unrelated to immunization are suggested to have caused the difference in results in the two studies, and it seems doubtful that circulating angiotensin plays a key role in the pathogenesis of myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure in the rat. PMID- 1127862 TI - Nephron functional heterogeneity in the postobstructive kidney. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of nephron filtration rates between superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons (S/J ratio) in kidneys studied immediately after relief of 24 hr total obstruction (acute) and after relief of prolonged partial obstruction (chronic). Injection of 14C-ferrocyanide and microdissection (modified Hanssen's technique) was used to provide an index of superficial and deep nephron glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and standard clearance determinations were done. In normal kidneys S/J ratio of 14C content (nephron GFR) was 0.73 plus or minus 0.03, a value similar to those obtained by other workers. After relief of acute obstruction, nephron GFR was too low for accurate measurement in 22% of superficial and 13% of deep nephrons. The mean S/J ratio of 14C content was similar to control, being 0.67 plus or minus 0.07, with only three of seven kidney showing loss of the normal S/J ratio. Since redistribution of nephron GFR was an inconsistent finding, while marked diuresis and natriuresis occurred in all rats, it appears that redistribution of nephron GFR is not an important factor in the phenomenon of postobstructive diuresis. After relief of chronic obstruction, diuresis and natriuresis were less marked but the mean S/J ratio of 14C content was 0.95 plus or minus 0.11, and in the majority of kidneys (six of eight), there was loss of distinction between superficial and deep nephron GFR. This redistribution of nephron function after relief of chronic, rather than acute, obstruction may be due to the more severe structural damage to the renal medulla of such kidneys and, although not responsible for postobstructive diuresis, it may be important in the diminished capacity of the chronically hydronephrotic kidney to conserve salt and water. PMID- 1127863 TI - The effect of ischemia on renal blood flow in the dog. AB - Renal blood flow (RBF) and the distribution of cortical blood flow (microspheres) were measured in the dog after 90 min of total unilateral renal ischemia. RBF was 21% greater than control 2 min after release of the renal artery occlusion, and returned toward control 60 min later. At 2 min after release there was a small but significant increment in deep cortical blood flow which reverted to control by 60 min. When renal artery occlusion was maintained for 180 min, return of blood flow was blunted at 2 min after release of the occlusion, but was not significantly different from control within 10 min after release. Clearance rates of inulin and para-aminohippurate (Cin and Cpah) were 81 and 82% below control after release of occlusion. These data demonstrate that in the dog there is prompt and complete return of blood flow to or above control levels after complete renal artery occlusion. There was no evidence for the "no-reflow" phenomenon. PMID- 1127864 TI - Lanthanum permeability of tight junctions along the collecting duct of the rat. AB - The permeability of the tight junctions (zonulae occludentes) was evaluated along the entire length of the collecting duct of the rat using a lanthanum tracer technique. Nine rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus were studied using standard micropuncture and clearance techniques. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated from inulin clearance, urine and plasma osmolality (U/Posm) and urine flow rate (V) were determined in eight of nine animals. During either sustained diuresis (five animals) or vasopressin-induced antidiuresis (four animals), individual surface convolutions of distal convoluted tubules or early cortical collecting ducts were preserved for ultrastructural examination by intraluminal microperfusion with a glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde fixative followed by a second microperfusion with a lanthanum tracer. Mean GFR during diuresis was 6.31 plus or minus se 0.63 ml/min/kg of body wt and v=797 plus or minus se 108 mul/min/kg or 13.6 plus or minus se 2.2% of the filtered load of water. After administration of exogenous vasopressin, V fell to 311 plus or minus 157 mul/min/kg or 5.2 plus or minus se 3.8% of the filtered load of water and U/Posm rose from 0.658 plus or minus se 0.043 to 2.124 plus or minus 0.454. Tight junctions of cortical and outer medullary segments of the collecting duct resisted lanthanum penetration. Tight junctions of the inner medullary and papillary segments of the collecting duct were freely permeable to lanthanum suggesting the presence of a paracellular shunt pathway for solute and water movement. The results were independent of the presence or absence of vasopressin. Physiological studies have previously demonstrated that cortical and outer medullary segments of the collecting duct have a low urea permeability while inner medullary and papillary segments of the collecting duct have a relatively high urea permeability. The possibility is suggested that urea movement across the inner medullary and papillary segments of the collecting duct may occur, at least in part, via a paracellular pathway formed by the nonoccluding tight junction and the lateral intercellular space. PMID- 1127865 TI - Whole kidney volume/pressure relationships. AB - We measured changes in kidney volume and intrarenal pressure produced by step wise, steady state increases and decreases in ureteral pressure (UP). The purpose of such maneuvers, termed exercises, was to examine the relationship between changes in kidney volume and the changes in intrarenal pressure responsible for those in kidney volume. Changes in kidney volume were assessed from directly measured changes in kidney weight. Changes in the intrarenal pressure distending the renal capsule (renal subcapsular pressure [RSCP]) were measured by a strain guage diaphragm-type microtransducer placed between cortex and capsule. We measured these whole kidney volume/pressure events before and after saline loading and examined their relationship to changes in renal function following saline loading. We found that after four "exercises", the kidney became more complaint, i.e., occupied a larger volume at any given UP or RSCP, and that the compliance of the kidney was further increased following saline loading. However, about one hour after saline loading, RSCP returned to or below pre-saline loading levels and renal volume returned to pre-saline loading levels; nevertheless, the natriuresis persisted. Thus, an increase in renal volume is not necessary to sustain increased sodium and water excretion in post-saline loading. Finally, we found evidence that the renal capsule provides the major force opposing expansion of outer cortex when intrarenal pressure is increased. PMID- 1127866 TI - Culture of isolated renal tubules: a method of assessing viability of normal and damaged cells. PMID- 1127867 TI - Simple and fast assay method for riboflavine. PMID- 1127868 TI - Automatic sample preparation by high speed chromatography. PMID- 1127869 TI - The ultrastructural identification of tissue basophils and mast cells in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Numerous basophils were identified ultrastructurally in a tumorous lymph node from one of 10 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The tissue basophils displayed the same morphologic characteristics as peripheral blood basophils and differed ultrastructurally from mast cells in the same specimen. Large numbers of mast cells were occasionally seen in tumor tissue of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Many of the mast cells in Hodgkin's tumor revealed structural alteration of granules as well as evidence of degranulation when compared with mast cells in tumor-free lymph nodes of patients with Hodgkin's disease. These results indicate that basophils and mast cells may play a role in the inflammatory response in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1127870 TI - Effects on platelet function of removal of platelet sialic acid by neuraminidase. AB - A number of investigators have implicated sialic acid on the surface of platelets in platelet function. In this study we have quantitated the amount of sialic acid removed by purified neuraminidase from the surface of washed platelets of man, rabbit, or pig and examined the effects of this removal. Purified neuraminidase did not induce the release of platelet granule contents. Platelets were pre labeled with 14C-serotonin for measurement of the release reaction or with 51Cr for determination of adherence to a collagen-coated surface or damaged aortic surface, and for in vivo platelet survival studies. Washed, neuraminidase-treated platelets were resuspended in Tyrode's solution containing 0.35 per cent albumin or in citrated platelet-free plasma from the same species. Both resuspending fluids contained apyrase. Aggregating agents tested were ADP, acid-soluble collagen, thrombin, ristocetin (with human platelets), polylysine, and serotonin (with rabbit platelets). With all of these agents except polylysine, aggregation of neuraminidase-treated human or rabbit platelets was slightly enhanced compared with control platelets; aggregation of pig platelets was unchanged. When release inducing agents were used, neuraminidase-treated platelets released more of their 14C-serotonin than control platelets. The extent to which rabbit platelets adhered to a collagen-coated surface or to the damaged surface of everted rabbit aorta was unchanged by pretreatment of platelets with neuraminidase. Therefore it seems unlikely that sialic acid is involved in platelet adherence to collagen. When more than 15 per cent of total sialic acid had been removed from rabbit platelets, they were completely cleared from the circulation within 1 hour of their injection into rabbits. When 8 to 10 per cent of total sialic acid had been removed, the platelets were not cleared immediately from the circulation but were cleared more quickly than control platelets. Thus, although removal of up to 65 per cent of platelet sialic acid has only a slightly enhancing effect on platelet aggregation and release in vitro, removal of as little as 8 to 10 per cent results in the recognition of platelets as "foreign" in vivo. PMID- 1127871 TI - Acid phosphatase demonstrated ultrastructurally in mast cell granules altered by pinocytosis. AB - Rat peritoneal mast cells concentrate colloidal gold particles from the peritoneal fluid in subsurface vacuole-like spaces from which the particles are pinocytosed into small vesicles, into cytoplasmic granules that appear smaller than the specific granules and possess in homogeneous content, and into the specific cytoplasmic granules. Acid phosphatase activity was not consistently or unequivocally demonstrated in the specific granules of mast cells unexposed to colloidal gold. However, mast cells pinocytosing gold exhibited strong activity almost exclusively in the infrequent specific granules which contained gold particles, further indicating that these granules function as heterophagic secondary lysosomes. The pinocytic vesicles and small granules containing endocytosed gold spherules lacked acid phosphatase and apparently derived from an exogenous rather than a Golgi source. The small gold-laden granules appeared, therefore, not to represent an immature or precondensation stage of the specific cytoplasmic granule. PMID- 1127872 TI - Acute cholestasis induced by lithocholic acid in the rat. A freeze-fracture replica and thin section study. AB - Sodium lithocholate (LCA) was continuously infused intravenously (0.1 or 0.2 mumole per minute per 100 gm. body weight) in Wistar rats with a bile fistula for up to 4 hours. The higher dose induced complete cholestasis within 2 to 3 hours, whereas the low dose reduced the biliary output to less than 10 per cent of the preinfusion level by the 3rd hour. Ultrastructural changes which were primarily localized to the bile canaliculi and the pericanalicular region were seen 30 minutes after the onset of bile acid infusion. Dilation of the bile carnaliculi, loss of canalicular microvilli, prominence of the pericanalicular ectoplasm, and a characteristic lamellar transformation of the canalicular membrane developed, which became more prominent and widespread with progression of time. A freeze fracture replica study revealed that the canalicular microvilli became transformed through widening and flattening into multilamellar foldings. Intramembranous granules of the canalicular membrane appeared to have become redistributed, being few or absent in the "transformed" regions. In addition, a sharply angulated, crystalline material was seen in occasional bile canaliculi. This material appeared as a negative image in thin sections, indicating its solubility in organic solvents which were used for dehydration. With the lower dose of LCA, subcellular changes were similar to, but less severe and which accompany an acute cholestasis induced by LCA is attributable to the accumulation of this compound in the bile canaliculus and its vicinity. LCA presumably causes an asymmetric perturbation in the molecular organization of the canalicular membrane which results in ultrastructural alterations and failure of fluid transport. In addition, precipitates of LCA appear to form in the bile canaliculi and may contribute to cholestasis. PMID- 1127873 TI - Anatomy and histology of aorta of White Carneau pigeon. AB - On the basis of anatomical and histologic studies, four distinct zones of the aorta of the atherosclerosis-prone White Carneau pigeon were defined. From its origin to about 1 cm. above the level of the celiac artery (the elastic zone), the aorta had a media composed of alternating lamellae of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts with elastic plates between them. Distal to the elastic zone was the transitional zone, which was about 1 cm. long and ended at the level of the celiac artery. At this level there was an intimal cushion of longitudinally arranged smooth muscle cells that was present at birth but increased in thickness with age; an occasional lymphocyte-like cell was also present in the cushion. Typically, the atherosclerotic lesion originated in the smooth muscle cell cushion. In the transitional zone the media had an elastic architecture in the lateral third, the remainder being predominantly muscular. The segment of aorta from the celiac artery to the ischiadic arteries (hybrid zone) had a hybrid architecture with a thick muscular anterior wall and a thin elastic posterior wall. The structure distal to the ischiadic arteries was purely muscular (muscular zone). The presence of intimal smooth muscle cells in the transitional zone at birth, in the precise location where the "classic" atherosclerotic lesion develops months later, suggests that atherosclerosis develops within preexisting smooth muscle cell cushions which apparently represent a normal histologic feature of this area. PMID- 1127874 TI - Studies on liver regeneration. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the isolated perfused liver after in vitro and in vivo partial hepatectomy. AB - A new method for studying liver regeneration has been introduced. In the isolated perfused liver partial hepatectomy has been performed and -3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA was observed. The short term incorporation observed in vitro was comparable to that observed in vivo under similar conditions. The results suggest that similar regenerative mechanisms are operating in vivo and in vitro, and that the liver is at least one source of the regenerating stimuli. PMID- 1127875 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of human and rhesus monkey kidneys. AB - Human kidney biopsies fixed by immersion fixation and a rhesus monkey kidney fixed by vascular perfusion were critical point-dried and studied by scanning electron microscopy. The surface morphologies of the parietal and visceral epithelial cells and cells lining the uriniferous tubules are described. Many instructive views of these cells as well as some new nephronal features are presented. This study demonstrated that both scanning and transmission electron microscopy may be undertaken on the same biopsy sample. In view of these results, the possibility of using scanning electron microscopy for routine diagnosis of human biopsies is discussed. PMID- 1127876 TI - Pathology of the liver in Reye's syndrome. AB - A study of six patients with Reye's syndrome indicated that, by light microscopy, inflammation and necrosis of liver cells are especially prominent in fatal cases. Contrary to previous reports, electron microscopic examination indicated that, aside from loss of matrix dense granules, alterations in mitochondrial structure were minimal or absent. Although an increase in the number of liver cell microbodies has been reported, no such increase was apparent in the present study. The most unusual ultrastructural change in microbodies in the present study was the appearance of noncrystalline cores in the matrix. No ultrastructural features served to distinguish patients who died from those who survived. Although derangement of mitochondrial function may be important in the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome, such derangement is not necessary reflected in the ultrastructure of mitochondria. PMID- 1127877 TI - Alterations of rat liver lysosomes and somooth endoplasmic reticulum induced by the diazafluoranthen derivative AC-3579. III. Mechanism and site of action. AB - To elucidate the mode of action of AC-3579, a diazafluoranthen derivative, the effects of the drug were tested, in incubations with rat liver homogenates on three phospholipases: the endogenous microsomal phospholipase A and the exogenous phospholipases A2 and C. The rates of hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the main liver phospholipids, were significantly decreased in liver of treated animals. This inhibition was more marked in experiments with exogenous phospholipase A than with phospholipase C. For phospholipid the difference observed may be due to the decrease in activity of endogenous phospholipase A in livers of treated rats. On the other hand, the addition to the incubation media of AC-3579 or of homogenates of AC-3579-treated rat livers did not modify the action of the three phospholipases on phospholipids from normal rat liver homogenates. It is concluded that AC-3579 forms with the hydrophobic moiety of the phospholipids of smooth endoplasmic reticulum a reversible complex less accessible to the activity of phospholipase A. This mechanism accounts for the decrease in phospholipid catabolism, previously observed in vivo, which leads to hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and to the formation of lamellate cytosomes. PMID- 1127878 TI - The aortic tunica media of the developing rat. I. Quantitative stereologic and biochemical analysis. AB - The tunica media of thoracic aortas from female rats in age from newborn to 12 weeks were analyzed quantitatively by using stereologic techniques in the electron microscope. Collagen, elastin, smooth muscle, myofilaments, Golgi apparatus, ergastoplasm, and surface to volume ratios were among those components quantified. These parameters were correlated with measurements of medial thickness, blood pressure, and tangenital tension in the wall and with biochemical estimates of collagen and elastin. A progressive increase in morphologically recognizable collagen in the media was in parallel with the increasing tangenital wall tension. Biochemical analysis indicated the presence of much soluble collagen in the early stages of development. Elastin was the major component contributing to increasing wall thickness. The elastin laminae were completely formed by 4 weeks of age, but further elastin was laid down as branches extending between medial cells in the aortas of animals between 2 and 12 weeks of age. Smooth muscle cells were ovoid in young animals and contained large amounts of ergastoplasma and Golgi apparatus, but very few myofilaments. With advancing age, these cells became irregular in outline, and their surface to volume ratios doubled. The myofilament volume increased greatly during development, associated with a decrease in "undifferentiated" cytoplasm, ergastoplasm, and Golgi apparatus. The maximal development of the latter two organelles was coincident with large increases in the connective tissue components. PMID- 1127879 TI - The aortic tunica media of the developing rat. II. Incorporation by medial cells 3-H-proline into collagen and elastin: autoradiographic and chemical studies. AB - Four-week-old rats received intraperitoneal injections of 3-H-proline, and their thoracic aortas were removed at various times after injection. Autoradiography at the electron microscopic level was carried out on this tissue, together with isolation and chemical analysis of tritiated proline and hydroxyproline from procollagen, and elastin fractions. Autoradiograpic results were expressed in terms of tissue component volumes as calculated by morphometry. Autoradiographic grains were concentrated over medial cells 15 minutes after injection of label. By 30 minutes after injection some extracellular label was present as well; at 3 hours postinjection, large numbers of grains were found overlying cell surfaces, as well as over collagen and elastic fibers. Most grains were present over collagen and elastic tissue 10 hours after injection, although some intracellular labeling persisted. On a grain per unit volume basis, intracellular label steadily decreased over the time interval studied. Collagen showed maximal labeling at 3 hours, but elastic tissue labeling increased up to 10 hours postinjection. Chemical isolation of 3-H-proline and 3-H-hydroxyproline from the three fractions showed that incorporation of label into collagen and elastin is, on a time basis, consistent with autoradiographic labeling and that the labeling products are, in fact, these proteins, to the exclusion of nonspecific labeling. PMID- 1127880 TI - Striated membranous structures in renal glomerular tufts. An electron microscopy study of 340 human renal biopsies. AB - Striated membranous structures are membranes 200 plus or minus 20 A thick. They are very common in both normal and pathologic human glomeruli, since they were found in 221 of 340 renal biopsies studied. Their appearance varies according to the plane of the section: on cross-section they resemble a pile of plates or double longitudinal bands. On tangential section they have an areolar appearance. Striated membranous structures are located in the basement membrane, mesangial matrix, or extracellular pathologic deposits such as amyloid or "immune" deposits. These membranes, probably double layered, are of unknown origin. They might derive from the focal or total lysis of cellular elements included within basement membrane-like material or extracellular deposits. PMID- 1127881 TI - Hepatic lesions in mice after continuous inhalation exposure to 1,1,1 trichloroethane. AB - Male CF-1 mice (24 to 34 gm.) were exposed to either 250 p.p.m. or 1000 p.p.m. of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in air continuously for 14 weeks. Control mice were exposed to room air. Serial sacrifice of exposed and control mice from 1 to 14 weeks demonstrated significant changes in the centrilobular hepatocytes of animals in the 1000 p.p.m. group. Moderate liver triglyceride accumulation was evident in the 1000 p.p.m. group and peaked at 40 mg. per gm. of tissue (wet weight) after 7 weeks of exposure. Partial recovery was indicated by a decrease in the hepatic triglyceride level of 16 mg. per gm. by 14 weeks of exposure to 1000 p.p.m. Electron microscopic evaluation revealed that cytoplasmic altertions were most severe in centrilobular hepatocytes in the 1000 p.p.m. group and were mild to minimal in the 250 p.p.m. group. These alterations consisted of vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, with loss of attached polyribosomes, increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum, microbodies, and triglyceride droplets. Some cells had ballooned cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Necrosis of individual hepatocytes occurred in 40 per cent of the mice exposed to 1000 p.p.m. for 12 weeks. This necrosis was associated with an acute inflammatory infiltrate and hypertrophy of Kupffer cells. Comparison of these findings to the results obtained by other investigators studying dichloromethane indicates that the pathologic alterations observed with 1,1,1-trichloroethane were similar to those observed with dichloromethane, except for different time courses of the effects and different degrees of recovery. The toxic effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane were of a type similar to those produced by carbon tetrachloride, but they appeared to be much less severe. PMID- 1127882 TI - The effects of acute cadmium administration in the liver and kidney of the rat. Light and electron microscopic studies. AB - A single injection of cadmium acetate givenintravenously to rats produced, at 16 hours, liver damage but no observable kidney changes. Ultrastructure of the liver revealed more profound changes in parenchymal cells than in Kupffer cells. The most prominent changes were single parenchymal cell necrosis, deterioration of rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, autophagocytosis, and mitochondrial degenerative changes. Lesions of Kupffer cells were not prominent, although occasional areas of cytoplasmic degradation and increased vacuolation were observed. Dewquamation of these cells appears also to be a frequent finding in cadmium intoxication. Accumulation of platelets, cellular debris, inflammatory cells, and fibrin in the sinusoids may be the cause of the occasionally observed focal necrosis. Although the present experiment does not simulate any known clinical situation, these composite studies provide a morphologic basis for hepatic dysfunction following acute cadmium administration as well as an ultrastructural basis for thebetter understanding of the synergistic actionof cadmium with other substances such as endotoxins. PMID- 1127883 TI - Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle in patients with Parkinson's disease and upper motor lesions. AB - Ultrastructural studies of muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps in seven patients with Parkinson's disease and six patients with upper motor lesions are presented. All patients showed varying degrees of mitochondrial changes. Loss of outer membranes or abnormal inner membranes were observed alone or in combination. A reduced number of mitochondria was also noted in some cases. A disorder of filaments was seen. It is assumed that the mitochondrial changes are connected with the altered oxidative capacity previously observed in these patients. PMID- 1127884 TI - The macroscopical appearance of the healing full-thickness excised skin wound in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog. PMID- 1127885 TI - Jaundice in the cat associated with inflammation of the biliary tract and pancreas. PMID- 1127886 TI - The use of the wire tension band in the treatment of fractures in the dog. PMID- 1127887 TI - Hyperadrenocorticism in a dog: a case report. PMID- 1127888 TI - Locus of control differences betwee rural American Indian and white children. PMID- 1127889 TI - Cultural differences in perceptual selectivity. PMID- 1127890 TI - Symptoms of stress in four societies. PMID- 1127891 TI - The effects of aggressive and altruistic modeling on subsequent behavior. PMID- 1127892 TI - Dependency, threat, and helping in a large city. PMID- 1127893 TI - Personality similarity and interpersonal attraction in the computer dating situation. PMID- 1127894 TI - The effect of deviant group membership upon impressions of personality. PMID- 1127895 TI - The relationship between birth order, sex, and leadership in a religious organization. PMID- 1127896 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of two decision criteria for spondee threshold measurements. AB - Normal-hearing subjects were tested and retested using two spondee threshold criteria: a strict 50 percent correct rule and a 50 percent or 75 percent correct (or both) rule. The 50 percent criterion produced lower thresholds at the cost of poorer test-retest reliability and longer test durations. Both decision rules gave lower threshold SPL values and required less testing time during the second trial. A proposed benefit-cost ratio model indicated that the 50 percent or 75 percent (or both) decision rule gives a better return on the investment of clinical effort. PMID- 1127897 TI - Pantomime recognition in aphasics. AB - A pantomime recognition test was developed to study the extent of impairment of pantomime recognition and the relationship between pantomime recognition and verbal deficits in asphasics. This test requires no verbal instructions to the subject and only a simple pointing response. A description and rationale for the test are presented. This new test and three tests of verbal abilities (Verbal Recognition Test, Naming Test, and the Porch Index of Communicative Ability) were administered to four groups of subjects: aphasics, right-hemisphere damaged, subcortically damaged, and normals. Results indicate (1) greater impairment of pantomime recognition ability in aphasics than the other groups of subjects and (2) high correlations between impairment of pantomime recognition and impairment of verbal abilities in aphasics. Our findings are consistent with previous clinical reports and experimental data showing that aphasics commonly demonstrate impairment in gesture and pantomime. We conclude that aphasia is best understood as a general impairment of symbolic communication that includes nonverbal as well as verbal deficits. PMID- 1127898 TI - Intraoral air pressure as a feedback cue in consonant production. AB - The effects of oral-sensory deprivation on the production of consonants was studied using narrow phonetic transcriptions and measurements of intraoral air pressure and duration. The speech materials were 20 bisyllabic words produced both in isolation and in sentences, and sentences that included words with 34 stop variants. These utterances were produced by four normal talkers and by the same talkers when deprived of oral sensation. The state of oral-sensory deprivation was induced by a series of mandibular, infraorbital, and palatal injections of 2 percent xylocaine. The talkers also scaled levels of effort used to produce the syllables /pa/ and /ba/, both with and without the anesthetic. In general, after the administration of the anesthetic, the characteristic tongue carriage of the talkers was shifted posteriorly, the rate of speech was slower, and there were minor imprecisions in articulation consisting primarily of alterations in lip and tongue activity. In addition, consonants were produced with slightly greater intraoral air pressures and longer durations. The talkers had no difficulty in scaling levels of effort in either the normal or the anesthetic conditions, and maintained a linear relationship between effort and intraoral air pressure in both conditions. The results suggest that the talkers used more effort in producing speech in the anesthetic condition and are untenable with the idea that intraoral air pressure constitutes an important feedback parameter in controlling articulation. The speech produced by the talkers while anesthetized (that is, while without sensation in the mouth) was reasonably precise and must be postulated to have been under the control of a pressure-sensing system other than a closed feedback loop. PMID- 1127899 TI - Acoustic-reflex response to sustain signals. AB - Acoustic-reflex activity was observed for 10 normal-hearing young adults using three sustained activating signals: 500-Hz tone, 4000-Hz tone, and broad-band noise. Reflex activity was observed over a period of three to five minutes at activator levels of 5, 10, and 15 dB above individual acoustic-reflex thresholds. General findings were that (1) acoustic-reflex adaptation was present to some degree for all three activating signals, (2) the amount of reflex adaptation varied with the spectrum of activating signals (reflex adaptation was greatest for the 4000-Hz activator, less for the noise activator, and least for the 500-Hz activating signal), (3) the rate of reflex adaptation differed with activator spectrum (reflex-adaptation rate was relatively rapid for the 4000-Hz activator, slower for noise, and much slower for the 500-Hz activating signal), and (4) reflex adaptation did not appear to vary systematically with activating-signal level except for the 500-Hz activator, in which case reflex adaptation appeared to begin earlier in time and to be of greater magnitude as the activating-signal level was increased. PMID- 1127900 TI - Articulatory inconsistencies in the speech of normal children. AB - The spontaneous speech of three children about three years old was recorded and transcribed into CnV syllabic units. Cn represents any number of consonants preceding a vowel and is not lexically constrained. Inconsistent production of /s/ and /z/ was found to be related to motor sequencing constraints independent of word boundaries. The results support a model of speech physiology as well as theoretical formulations of child speech production within an adult phonological system. PMID- 1127901 TI - Measuring in-the-ear gain of hearing aids by the acoustic reflex method. AB - The gain of hearing aids is conventionally measured in a hard-walled 2-cc coupler. It has become increasingly apparent, however, that many interacting variables can affect the aid's behavior in an individual ear quite significantly. Therefore it is desirable that any departure from coupler response be known. A number of methods have been used to measure real-ear gain, some of which require expensive or nonstandard instrumentation. An alternative method is described, based on measurements of aided and unaided acoustic reflect thresholds that appears to have certain advantages over other methods. Sound-field intra-aural reflex thresholds for six one-third-octave noise bands were determined for 20 subjects using a postauricular aid under three conditions--unaided, aided/ear occluded, and aided/ear nonoccluded. Real-ear gain was defined as the difference in decibels between aided and unaided thresholds. Results showed wide individual differences in real-ear response. Average occluded real-ear gain was about 5 dB greater at 1.6 k Hz, and about 5 dB less at 3.15 k Hz, than the gain in the artificial ear. When the aid was coupled to the open ear, average real-ear response was down at all frequencies relative to the 2-cc coupler, although relative to the closed-ear response frequencies above 1.6 k Hz were emphasized. It is argued that real-ear response can be expected to vary considerably depending on the location and orientation of the microphone of the aid on the head or body. It is suggested therefore that real-ear measurements be part of every aid selection procedure, especially for persons with a reduced dynamic range. Response modifications might then be possible to enable the critical speech frequencies to be heard at a comfortable level. PMID- 1127902 TI - Memory for speech and speech for memory. AB - Thirty kindergarteners, 15 who substituted /w/ for /r/ and 15 with correct articulation, received two perception tests and a memory test that included /w/ and /r/ in minimally contrastive syllables. Although both groups had nearly perfect perception of the experimenter's productions of /w/ and /r/, misarticulating subjects perceived their own tape-recorded w/r productions as /w/. In the memory task these same misarticulating subjects committed significantly more /w/-/r/ confusions in unspoken recall. The discussion considers why people subvocally rehearse; a developmental period in which children do not rehearse; ways subvocalization may aid recall, including motor and acoustic encoding; an echoic store that provides additional recall support if subjects rehearse vocally, and perception of self- and other- produced phonemes by misarticulating children-including its relevance to a motor theory of perception. Evidence is presented that speech for memory can be sufficiently impaired to cause memory disorder. Conceptions that restrict speech disorder to an impairment of communication are challenged. PMID- 1127903 TI - Some statistical characteristics of voice fundamental frequency. AB - Two experiments are reported in which the magnitude of sampling errors associated with estimates of the mean, median, and standard deviation of voice fundamental frequencies (fo) during oral reading is investigated as a function of sample size. In one experiment, voices are sampled with fixed time windows. In the other experiment, results of fo analysis are compared for single-sentence voice samples and paragraph voice samples. Overall shape of fo distributions as well as interrelationships among various distributional measures are discussed. PMID- 1127904 TI - Lip and jaw motor control during speech: responses to resistive loading of the jaw. AB - Resistive loads were applied to the jaw during speech production. Loads were initiated during the jaw closing movement associated with the production of bilabial stops, creating a situation in which bilabial closure would be disrupted if motor control were independent of peripheral feedback. Three subjects were observed during control and experimental conditions. In all utterances in which a load was appropriately introduced, closure of the lips was achieved and the bilabial stop was adequately produced. To assess the nature of this control, displacement of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw, in the inferior-superior dimension, were recorded along with EMG from medial pterygoid, anterior temporalis, masseter, and orbicularis oris superior muscles. Based on observation of these variables, it appears that the muscles of the lips and jaw are capable of on-line compensatory motor reorganization. PMID- 1127905 TI - Letter: Comment on "five years of experience with electric response audiometry". PMID- 1127906 TI - Letter: Reply to Mendel's and Harker's comments on "five years of experience with electric response audiometry". PMID- 1127907 TI - Expectancy as basically a short-term process. AB - Expectancy in stuttering is investigated under conditions that approximate more closely than in previous work the circumstances and mode in which expectancy is purported to operate. The results indicate that the currently accepted explanation of the expectancy phenomenon is inadequate and misleading. An alternative explanation more consistent wwth existent data is offered. PMID- 1127908 TI - A comparative computer content analysis of the verbal behavior of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded children. AB - Previous studies have indicated structural language differences favoring the noninstitutionalized retarded when compared to matched institutionalized retarded children. In this study, a sociological and psychological deficit hypothesis for institutional retardates was explored by using a verbal content analysis system. Unstructured speech samples from 20 institutionalized and 20 noninstitutionalized retarded children were employed using the computerized General Inquirer System and the Harvard III Psychosociological Dictionary. Differences were found between the groups but all except two were negated or attenuated by additional extended manual analysis treatments. The findings of this study do not support a psychological or sociological deficit hypothesis for institutionalized educable retardates as measured by this content analysis system. PMID- 1127909 TI - Diplacusis associated with bilateral high frequency hearing loss. AB - Seven normal-hearing subjects and seven subjects with mild bilateral high frequency sensorineural hearing losses were studied to explore the presence of diplacusis. A tracking procedure of psychophysical method of adjustment-limits was used for pitch judgments rather than the traditional method of adjustment. Each subject was presented with a standard 4000-Hz tone for 500 msec and alternately a variable tone for 500 msec. Subjects were instructed to adjust the variable tone upward or downward in pitch to bracket the pitch sensation of the standard tone. Two intra-aural and two interaural listening conditions were studied. A graphic representation of the subjects' adjustments of the variable tone was obtained for each condition. The resulting tracing indicated frequency correlated to the pitch adjustments from which excursion width and constant error were calculated. Some hard-of-hearing subjects and one normal-hearing subject were found to have diplacusis. Subjects with hearing losses exhibited larger excursion widths for intra- and interaural listening conditions. Subjects with hearing losses tended to be less consistent in pitch judgments than normal hearing subjects. These findings were interpreted to mean that bilaterally symmetrical hearing losses increase the incidence of pitch aberrations. PMID- 1127910 TI - Deaf and hearing children's use of language describing temporal order among events. AB - Six experiments are described in which deaf and hearing subjects decided the temporal order of events in picture series and in sentences. The deaf subjects, eight and 11 years old, performed as well as hearing children on a nonverbal picture seriation task. Both deaf and hearing subjects also described most picture series in the natural left-to-right order in which they were shown, and identified the left-hand picture in most series as happening first and the right hand picture as happening last. In most respects, the deaf children's linguistic performance resembled that of much younger hearing children. Two major results were that deaf children generally used a sequence of simple sentences to describe the events shown in a picture series, and responded to most multiple-clause sentences presented as though the events being described had occurred in the order they were mentioned. PMID- 1127911 TI - Pursuit auditory tracking of dichotically presented tonal amplitudes. AB - In pursuit auditory tracking tasks subjects match a continuously varying pure tone presented to one ear with a second tone presented to the other ear and controlled by unidimensional movements of part of their motor system. In previous studies in which tonal frequency was varied, performance was significantly better when the tone controlled by a speech articulator (tongue, jaw) was presented to the right ear, rather than the left, but not if the tone was hand controlled. In this study tonal amplitude was varied in mandibular and manual tracking by 30 normal right-handed subjects. Small right-ear advantage was found for both tracking modes although it did not reach statistical significance. Frequency modulated stimuli may more effectively differentiate speech from nonspeech tracking because we may, as a result of speech experience, possess a more developed lateralized auditory-sensorimotor algorithm for frequency-motor relationships involving the mandible than for amplitude-motor relationships. Testable consequences of this hypothesis are outlined. PMID- 1127912 TI - Language performance of educable mentally retarded and normal children at five age levels. AB - The present study comprised an analysis and comparison of the language performance of educable mentally retarded and normal children at mental age levels six through 10 years. Both syntactic and functional performance variables were investigated. The results indicate language performance differences between the two groups with the primary discriminators being hesitation phenomena (false starts, filled pauses, and repeats) and clausal constructions (relative and subordinate clauses), resulting in a higher sentence elaboration level for normal children. PMID- 1127913 TI - Acoustic redundancy and the perception of time-compressed speech. AB - An experiment is reported in which time-compressed sentences were heard spoken either in normal intonation or in intonation patterns that conflicted with their underlying syntactic structure. Although there was an overall decrement in intelligibility with increasing compression, sentences heard in normal intonation were significantly better able to withstand the debilitating effects of compression than those with anomalous intonation. An error analysis of subject responses suggests that intonation normally operates to supply supplemental cues for determining syntactic structures as a step in the perceptual coding of heard speech. PMID- 1127914 TI - The effect of feeding on the canine lower esophageal sphincter. PMID- 1127915 TI - The use of a cholestyramine glucose solution to prevent vasopressin-induced gastric erosions in pigs. PMID- 1127916 TI - Immunotherapy of solid tumors. I. Preliminary studies with nitrogen mustard for nonspecific immunopotentiation in human caner. PMID- 1127917 TI - Effect of unilateral thoracic vagotomy on histamine-stimulated acid secretion in man. PMID- 1127918 TI - Pulmonary vascular response to atrial septal defect closure in children. PMID- 1127919 TI - A pusher plate pump for tatally implantable left ventricular assist device systems. PMID- 1127920 TI - Chronic venous catheterization: a technique for implanting and maintaining venous catheters in rats. PMID- 1127921 TI - Potential difference as an estimate of intestinal viability. PMID- 1127922 TI - The intestine and the delay phenomenon--A preliminary report. PMID- 1127923 TI - Ultrasound in clinical medicine. PMID- 1127924 TI - Clonidine--a new antihypertensive. PMID- 1127925 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 1127926 TI - Haptoglobin. (Part II). PMID- 1127927 TI - X-ray of the month. PMID- 1127928 TI - Bone marrow failure. PMID- 1127929 TI - Deinstitutionalization in the mental health program of Tennessee. PMID- 1127930 TI - The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act:An in-depth look. PMID- 1127931 TI - Hepatitis B antibody. PMID- 1127932 TI - Renovascular hypertension. PMID- 1127933 TI - Obstructive jaundice. PMID- 1127935 TI - Radiation safety. PMID- 1127934 TI - EKG of the month. History. PMID- 1127936 TI - Where do we go from here? PMID- 1127938 TI - Amsoc 1975, or ingsoc revisited. PMID- 1127937 TI - Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Discussion. PMID- 1127939 TI - Evidence for non-random localization of the centromere on mammalian chromosomes. PMID- 1127940 TI - Mass transport of ATP within the motile sperm. PMID- 1127941 TI - Bird communication study using digital computer. PMID- 1127942 TI - Spatial instability in simple reaction schemes. PMID- 1127943 TI - A population model for dermestid beetle survival under starvation and cannibalism. PMID- 1127944 TI - Computer analysis of a tracer-kinetic model of the collagenic metabolism of the rat's aorta. PMID- 1127945 TI - One-substrate-one product enzymic reactions: the relationship between isotope exchange kinetic, steady-state kinetic and equilibrium parameters. PMID- 1127946 TI - Efficiency. PMID- 1127947 TI - Instabilities, oscillations and chemical waves in an oligomeric model for membrane transport. PMID- 1127948 TI - Limit cycles in populations with separate generations. PMID- 1127949 TI - Letter: On the perception of information in CNS memory mechanism. PMID- 1127950 TI - Determinants of stability of large randomly connected systems. PMID- 1127951 TI - A theoretical study of tricycloquinazoline carcinogenesis. PMID- 1127952 TI - The mechanistic interpretation of initial velocity and product inhibition data arising from enzyme catalysed reactions whose catalytic cycle is unbranched. PMID- 1127953 TI - Some theoretical aspects of the problem of life origin. PMID- 1127954 TI - A theoretical approach to the relation between patch size and clone size in chimaeric tissue. PMID- 1127955 TI - The terminal amino acids of protein sequences and protein maturation. PMID- 1127956 TI - Amino acid properties and side-chain orientation in proteins: a cross correlation appraoch. PMID- 1127957 TI - Competition between two species for two complementary or substitutable resources. PMID- 1127958 TI - A concept of amino acid archaeorelation: origin of life and the genetic code. PMID- 1127959 TI - The regulation of cell size and the control of mitosis. PMID- 1127960 TI - A discussion of pressure-volume effects in aqueous protein solutions. PMID- 1127961 TI - Automatic comparison of the sequences of calf thymus histones. PMID- 1127962 TI - Global asymptotic stability criteria for models of density-dependent population growth. PMID- 1127963 TI - Allosteric and related phenomena: an analysis of sigmoid and non-hyperbolic functions. PMID- 1127964 TI - A continuum theory of the mechanics of amoeboid pseudopodium extension. PMID- 1127965 TI - The control of foot formation in transplantation experiments with Hydra viridis. PMID- 1127966 TI - Heparin therapy during extracorporeal circulation. I. Problems inherent in existing heparin protocols. AB - Five heparin protocols, representative of about 30 presently used throughout the country, were analyzed. The adequacy of anticoagulation during and the precision of protamine neutralization at the conclusion of extracorporeal circulation were studied. In each of 50 patient's age, height, weight, or surface area was of no help in predicting heparin kinetics. The study group consisted of the 2 patients with the longest and the 2 patients with the shortest heparin half lives, as well as the 2 patients who showed the greatest sensitivity to heparin and the 2 who showed the least. By computer simulation, each was managed according to the five protocols and by a monitoring procedure. The protocols failed to provide safe anticoagulation or precise protamine neutralization, whereas the simplified monitoring approach was uniformly successful. PMID- 1127967 TI - Heparin therapy during extracorporeal circulation. II. The use of a dose-response curve to individualize heparin and protamine dosage. AB - Because the administration of heparin and protamine according to a set protocol will fail to anticoagulate safely or neutralize appropriately a significant number of patients, a method of monitoring heparin therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass is presented. A dose response curve relating heparin dosage to its effect on the activated coagulation time (ACT) can be determined with sufficient accuracy for clinical purposes from three ACT's. Preparation of such a curve makes it possible to maintain anticoagulation in a safe range during bypass and minimizes the number of monitoring tests of coagulation required. At the conclusion of bypass, this curve can be used to predict the precise amount of protamine needed for neutralization. Freed from the confusing effects of hyperheparinemia or protamine excess, the physician can diagnose and treat postoperative bleeding problems much more readily. PMID- 1127968 TI - Experimental evaluation of Gore-Tex membrane oxygenator. PMID- 1127969 TI - Closure of a complicated ductus arteriosus through the transpulmonary route using hypothermia. Surgical considerations in one case. PMID- 1127970 TI - The surgical anatomy of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: pseudotruncus. AB - This is a study of 172 heart specimens with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (VSD)--pseudotruncus. These are divided into simple and complicated types. In the simple type the following may be of importance from the surgical standpoint: (1) the size of the pulmonary arteries, (2) the origin of the aorta, (3) the amount of pulmonary flow, (4) the size of the left side of the heart, (5) the presence of bronchial and/or abnormal systemic supply to the lungs, (6) the coronary circulation, and (7) the presence of intra- and extracardiac associated abnormalities. The following factors may be important in the complicated types: (1) Complete transposition may accompany the complex; (2) instead of the VSD there may be a common atrioventricular (AV) orifice; (3) the pulmonary atresia with VSD may be associated with tricuspid or mitral atresia or with common or single ventricle; (4) the entity may be associated with abnormal position of the entire heart or some of its component chambers. PMID- 1127971 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction: A curable form of myocardial rupture. AB - Rupture of the myocardium following an acute infarction is occasionally compatible with survival. In such cases, pre-existent pericardial adhesions confine the bleeding to a limited space within the pericardial sac and produce a chamber which communicates with the left ventricular cavity. The chamber gradually enlarges and forms a pseudoaneurysm. Two cases are described in which the diagnosis was made preoperatively and the pseudoaneurysm was surgically resected. Twenty-one previously reported cases are reviewed, as well. The condition's progressive nature leading to death from heart failure or rupture of the pseudoaneurysm, and its amenability to surgical cure make it imperative that the diagnostic features be well known. The diagnosis should be suspected in cases of progressive heart failure developing shortly after the acute phase of myocardial infarction, in which chest roentgenograms show an enlarging heart shadow characterized by a distinct posterior or lateral bulge. The diagnosis can be confirmed by left ventriculography, which should be performed immediately in all suspected cases. PMID- 1127972 TI - Effects of acid-base imbalance on myocardial pacing thresholds. AB - The effects of acid-base imbalance on ventricular pacing thresholds were studied in anesthetized dogs with complete heart block with the use of an oscilloscope and current probe. Acidosis (base excess-15) and alkalosis (base excess + 15)both resulted in significant increases in threshold voltage and current requirements at all stimulus durations tested. Chronaxie, however, was not significantly affected by shifts in acid-base balance. Abnormalities of acid-base status may adversely affect the accuracy of threshold values obtained during evaluation of different electrode designs and during electrodes implantation for clinical cardiac pacing. PMID- 1127973 TI - The pulmonary outflow tract in classically corrected transposition. AB - Twenty-one specimens of classically corrected transposition have been studied in order to elucidate the morphology of the pulmonary outflow tract and the nature and origin of structures which obstruct it. The tract is an oblique channel wedged deeply between the inverted mitral and tricuspid valves. As a consequence of septal malalignment, the pulmonary valve ring overrides the muscular ventricular septum. In most specimens, the left wall of the tract is patent owing to incomplete formation of the interventricular portion of the membranous septum. This permits communication of the pulmonary artery with the left-sided morphologic right ventricle. Obstruction to the pulmonary outflow tract may be valvular or muscular or may result from the presence of fibrous tissue tags. Obstruction or atresia was present in 12 specimens (57 per cent). Fibrous tags were the most common cause, and these originated from the intact or perforated membranous septum, the inverted tricuspid valve, or the pulmonary valve. The unusual anterior relationship of the cardiac conducting tissue to the outflow tract in the anomaly is emphasized. PMID- 1127974 TI - Closed aortic valvotomy and simultaneous correction of associated anomalies in infants. AB - A small infant with severe congenital aortic stenosis presents a difficult therapeutic problem. Both operative and nonoperative treatment are hazardous- especially when other cardiovascular anomalies are present. This report describes a simple, effective technique for dilating the stenotic aortic valve and simultaneously repairing certain associated defects. The procedure has been used successfully in 3 infants with a postoperative follow-up of 6 months to 4 years. There were no deaths, and the functional results have been excellent. This technique is presented as an alternative to the more hazardous approach to open valvotomy and/or stage correction of associated anomalies. PMID- 1127975 TI - Double prosthetic aortic valve. Case report. AB - A 55-year-old man underwent insection of a Hufnagel valve into his descending thoracic aorta for aortic valve insufficiency 18 years ago. He remained asymptomatic for 16 years. Because of progressive left ventricular failure his incompetent aortic valve was replaced with a De Bakey carbon ball aortic valve prosthesis 2 years later. Currently, 21 months after the operation, he is doing well with two aortic valves. Review of the literature suggests that he is the first patient reported with two aortic valves functioning concomitantly and one of the longest surviving patients with a Hufnagel valve. PMID- 1127976 TI - First-degree atrioventricular block: a cause of false malfunction of a mitral disc-valve prosthesis. Case report. AB - Malfunction of a prosthetic mitral disc valve was clinically suspected on the basis of absent valve closing sound and an early opening click in a patient with first-degree atrioventricular (A-V) block. Premature closure and opening of the prosthetic valve was demonstrated by echocardiography. All abnormal auscultatory, phonocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings disappeared promptly upon spontaneous restoration of normal A-V conduction. The possible hemodynamic mechanism is discussed, and attention is drawn to this conduction abnormality as a cause of erroneous diagnosis of prosthetic mitral valve malfunction. PMID- 1127977 TI - Radical surgical treatment of esophageal stenosis due to epidermolysis bullosa. AB - Stenotic lesions of the esophagus in epidermolysis bullosa are a rare cause of dysphagia. Even though 50 cases have been reported in the literature, only recently has surgical treatment been suggested for these patients. In our patients, who had an annular stenosis just distal to the pharyngoesophageal juncture, resection of a mucosal cylindrical segment with reanastomosis through a longitudinal esophageal myotomy was successful. This method of treatment is suggested for patients in whom the stenosis is localized. PMID- 1127978 TI - Pulmonary insufficiency induced by oleic acid in the sheep: a model for investigation of extracorporeal oxygenation. AB - Most previous studies of the efficiency of bypass techniques for respiratory support have been conducted in hypoxic but otherwise normal animals. However, mechanisms of improved oxygenation by partial venoarterial bypass in the presence of acute respiratory insufficiency can be better studied with an appropriate pathophysiologic model; for this purpose, acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema was induced in sheep by injection of oleic acid into the right atrium. The model presented a 3 hour period of elevated pulmonary shunting with stable hemodynamics. This preparation is being employed to the study of the mechanisms of extracorporeal oxygenation. PMID- 1127979 TI - Traumatic avulsion of the trachea associated with cricoid fracture. AB - A 15-year-old girl sustained a cricoid fracture, avulsion of the trachea, and bilateral cord paralysis in a automobile injury. An airway was established by intubation, and primary repair was performed on the day of injury. A postoperative stricture was successfully managed by endoscopic dilatation and injection of triamcinolone into the stricture. Function of one vocal cord appears to be returning 6 months after the injury, and the patient is leading an active life. PMID- 1127980 TI - Dissimilar metals in a rib spreader a surgical electrical hazard. AB - A case is presented and electrochemical theory is discussed in a situation in which a battery was produced between two dissimilar metals in a Finochietto rib spreader. The problem developed in the thorax of a patient undergoing transthoracic cervical sympathectomy and resection of the first rib. Caution is advised in the use of dissimilar metals in patients undergoing surgery. PMID- 1127981 TI - Mononeuritis multiplex: a complication of open-heart surgery. AB - A prospective examination of all patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass in one unit revealed that a number of peripheral nerve lesions occurred during the postoperative period. These were documented over a period of 20 months with follow-up of those patients so affected. PMID- 1127982 TI - Malignant tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to Hodgkin's disease. Successful surgical treatment with free fascia-muscle graft and left colon bypass. AB - A case of malignant tracheoesophageal fistula due to Hodgkin's disease at the mediastinum and mid-third of the esophagus is reported. The fistula developed after x-ray therapy (2,000 rads) to the medistinum. In another hospital, she had undergone two unsuccessful attempts to close the fistula surgically with muscle flap grafts, following tracheostomy and feeding gastrostomy. The third operation, performed successfully 2 months later at The Roosevelt Hospital, included division of the esophagus above the fistula with cervical esophagostomy. A free muscle graft was used to close the fistula in the trachea. One month later, subcutaneous antiperistaltic left colon bypass was performed in one stage to connect the cervical esophagus with the lower stomach. At the same time, distal closure of esophagus at the cardia, pyloroplasty, and splenectomy were done. These operations allowed that time, recurrence of the fistula necessitated a fourth operative repair. This time, a 2 inch square piece of fascia and its underlying muscle from the gluteus medius were used to reinforce the closure. The fistula remains closed to date. PMID- 1127983 TI - Anomalous right ventricular muscle bundle. Repair through the right atrium. AB - Anomalous muscle bundles within the right ventricle may cause obstruction to blood flow at the level of the outflow tract. This condition is usually associated with a ventricular septal defect. Although complete correction is usually approached through a right ventriculotomy, the anatomic configuration makes repair through a right atriotomy more suitable. The advantages of this approach are discussed and a case report is presented. PMID- 1127984 TI - Recurrent ulcer of the thoracic stomach penetrating the heart. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Recurrent and severe gastrointestinal bleeding caused the death of a 67-year-old man who had had resection of carcinoma of the cardiac end of the stomach. The hemorrhage was eventually found to be due to perforation of the wall of the left ventricle by a benign ulcer in the region of the esophagogastric anastomosis. At first, resection of the ulcer appeared to be successful, but recurrence of the penetrating ulcer caused fatal hemorrhage 4 1/2 months later. In our review of the literature, we found only one other instance in which an ulcer on an anastomosis perforated the heart. There were reports of 24 other cases of benign ulcers of the stomach or esophogus which penetrated the heart. PMID- 1127985 TI - Studies of the dimensions of oligopeptides by singlet-singlet energy, transfer and theoretical calculations. I. Influence of glycine on the dimensions of tetrapeptides. AB - The efficiency of energy transfer between a fluorescent donor, L-tyrosine, and a fluorescent acceptor, L-tryptophan, has been determined in R'-L-Trp-L-Ala-L-Tyr R", R-L-Trp-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Tyr-R", and R'-L-Trp-Gly-L-Ala-L-Tyr-R" in ethanol solution. The protecting groups R' and R" were respectively tert-butyloxycarbonyl and methyl ester. A conformational theoretical analysis of molecules studied has been performed in parallel on the basis of semiempirical conformational potential energy function. In the theoretical models all the side chains have been represented by a methyl group. From the distribution of distances between chromophores obtained theoretically, transfer efficiencies have been computed assuming a random orientation of the chromophores (k-2 equals 2/3). The comparison of calculated efficiencies with the values determined experimentally for the same value of k-2 has been used as a check for the theoretical model. Both experimental and theoretical studies have been shown that the glycyl residue procudes a reduction of dimensions when it replaces in a tetrapeptide a residue with a beta-carbon atom such as the L-alanyl residue. However, only a qualitative agreement between experimental and theoretical values of the efficiencies has been obtained. PMID- 1127986 TI - Side-chain interactions and conformation in alpha-helical poly(gamma-phenacyl L glutamate). Aggregation in dilute solutions. AB - The behavior of alpha-helical poly(gamma-phenacyl L-glutamate) (PPLG) has been studied by hydrodynamic, optical rotation, dielectric, and nmr measurements in different solvents. Special attention has been paid to side-chain interactions which depend on the ease of solvation of the phenacyl chromophore. Thus, in hexafluoro-2-propanol the circular dichroism spectrum is very similar to that usually observed for an alpha helix, and hydrogen bonding was shown to occur between the solvent and phenacyl CO group. In other heliocogenic solvents, side chain-side chain interactions occur. In dimethylformamide and pyridine they give rise at low temperature and low concentrations to an aggregation phenomenon whose molecular mechanism implies a molecular weight dependent folding of the molecules. Models for the side-chain conformation are proposed for the polymer in the solid state on the basis of infrared dichroism. PMID- 1127987 TI - Results of emergency surgical management of hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer. AB - The results of emergency surgical operations carried out on 61 patients with massively beleding duodenal ulcers between the years 1960 and 1969 were reviewed. The most useful diagnostic tool was gastric roentgenography. However, celiac axis arteriography was not in use during this period. The basic procedure carried out was either gastric resection or vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The mortality between the two groups was similar. However, patients more than 60 years of age had a much greater morbidity after gastric resection. Complications were more likely to occur in patients who had a history of chronic ingestion of aspirin prior to the bleeding episode or in whom bleeding from their duodenal ulcer developed while they were recovering from some other surgical procedure. PMID- 1127988 TI - Decreasing prevalence of tophaceous gout. AB - Retrospective analysis of newly diagnosed gout cases seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1949 through 1972 shows a progressive decline in tophaceous gout, from 14% to 3%. Gout diagnoses remained stable in a range of 1.5 to 2.2/1,000 patients seen. PMID- 1127989 TI - Biliary bile acid composition in Wilson's disease. AB - Biliary bile acid composition and pattern of bile acid conjugation with glycine or taurine were found to be within normal limits in six patients with documented Wilson's disease. Four patients had previous biopsy evidence of cirrhosis (three with active hepatitis), but most conventional liver function tests gave normal results at the time of the study. Serum levels of conjugates of cholic acid, measured by radioimmunoassay, were not increased. However, plasma disappearance if intravenously injected glycine conjugate of cholic acid was significantly delayed in all subjects, suggesting that this is a more sensitive test of hepatic excretory function and may be of value for assessing hepatic function in patients with this rare genetic disorder. No evidence of a primary disturbance in bile acid metabolism was found in these patients. PMID- 1127990 TI - The clinical significance of Bence Jones proteinuria. AB - The detection of monoclonal light chains in the urine by the Bence Jones heat test is a useful adjuvant to the diagnosis of myeloma and other related diseases. The test is particularly helpful when no serum spike is noted. Overall, it is positive in approximately half of all patients with myeloma. In order to assess the accuracy of the test, we reviewed the records of all patients with a positive heat test for Bence Jones proteinuria during a single calendar year. Myeloma accounted for 68%, but patients with amyloidosis, the adult Fanconi syndrome, and others also had positive results. One-fifth of the results were false positive in that urine protein electrophoresis showed no spike and immunoelectrophoresis, no monoclonal protein. This group consisted largely of patients with connective tissue diseases, chronic renal failure, or nonplasmacytic malignancies. We also have seen patients who had monoclonal light chains in their urine but failed to show positive results to the heat test and were thus considered false negative. Although the heat test for Bence Jones proteins is a useful clinical test, one must be aware of both false-positive and false-negative results. Electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis of concentrated urine are the methods of choice for detection of a monoclonal light chain in the urine. PMID- 1127991 TI - Small-bowel obstruction secondary to endometriosis. AB - Though endometriosis is a frequent finding in females, it rarely causes obstruction of the small bowel. However, 11 patients with such obstruction were seen at the Mayo Clinic in the years 1950 through 1970. Their ages ranged from 27 years to 51. A portion of involved bowel had to be resected in every case, but most of the lesions were single. Generally the obstructions were subacute and did not produce surgical emergencies. But because the symptoms were neither specific nor acute, the diagnosis seldom was established prior to laparotomy and the majority of the resections were performed without bowel preparation. Nevertheless, morbidity was minor in most cases and there was no mortality. Small bowel obstruction has not recurred. Endometriosis of the small bowel tends to be limited to the serosa and the muscular coats, not penetrating the mucosa; and obstruction is due to fibrosis and kinking of the bowel. The obstructed segment usually must be resected. If pelvic endometriosis is minimal, no further surgery is necessary. But if the pelvic lesions are extensive, or if multiple sites in the small and large intestines are involved, then more radical resection and bilateral oophorectomy are indicated. PMID- 1127992 TI - Microcirculatory obstruction in focal cerebral ischemia. Relationship to neuronal alterations. AB - The cerbral microcirculation in squirrel monkeys was studied by the carbon perfusion technique after middle cerebral artery occlusion. No filling impairment was detected with 90 minutes of ischemia, and only slight impairment was detected with 3 hours of ischemia. Severe microcirculatory obstruction was found after ischemia longer than 3 hours. The obstruction appeared to be at the capillary level and seemed partly the result of narrowing of cappillary channels by perivascular glial swelling and developing cerebral edema. The relationship between the developing microcirculatory obstruction and the distribution and severity of the neuronal alterations was studied. The results of this investigation using the same experimental model suggest that obstruction of parenchymal vessels does not play a major role in the production of an infarct in areas of acute focal ischemia. PMID- 1127993 TI - Drug-induced malabsorption. AB - Pharmacologic agents of diverse types may alter gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients and other substances. Mechanisms underlying drug-induced absorptive defects that have been documented include: (1) a direct toxic effect causing morphologic changes in the mucosa of the small intestine; (2) inhibition of mucosal enzymes with or without morphologic evidence of mucosal damage; (3) binding and precipitation of micellar components, such as bile acids and fatty acids; and (4) alteration of the physicochemical state of another drug or dietary ion. The malabsorptive effect generally is dose-related, rather than an idiosyncratic reaction, and usually involves multiple nutrients. Certain clinical states, such as in the malnourished alcoholic may predipose the gastrointestinal tract to a drug-induced absorptive defect. For this review we discuss in detail nine commonly used drugs or types of drugs that cause malabsorption of dietary nutrients or other medications. PMID- 1127994 TI - Carotid endarterectomy. Complications and preoperative assessment of risk. AB - A system of grouping patients according to preoperative evaluation of risk of carotid endarterectomy is presented. The primary complications of this surgical procedure were myocardial infarction and residual mild to severe neurologic deficit. Neurologically stable patients without medical or angiographically determined risk factors (group 1, 129 patients) have a risk of 1%. Neurologically stable patients without medical risk but with angiographically determined risk (group 2, 56 patients) have a risk of 2%. Neurologically stable patients with significant medical illness and with or without angiographically determined risks (group 3, 76 patients) have a risk of 7%, primarily related to cardiac disease. Neurologically unstable patients (group 4, 70 patients) have a 10% risk for a neurologic deficit. PMID- 1127995 TI - Familial hemiplegic migraine. AB - Ten members of one family had hemiplegic migraine. The typical attack was sterotyped from member to member. Three of the 10 members had hemiplegic migraine attacks associated with minor head trauma. One patient suffered premanent neurologic deficit. Therapy of hemiplegic mirgaine is briefly discussed. PMID- 1127996 TI - Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Surgical experience. AB - Of 132 infants who underwent surgery for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis during a 13-year period, 83% were males and 31% were firstborn males. Ninety-one percent of the patients presented with projctile vomiting after feeding, and an "olive" was palpated in 92%. Upper gastrointestinal studies were not obtained in 73%. Twenty patients had positive family histories. For the entire 13 years under review, the average total hospital was 6.14 days, and the average postoperative stay was 4.45 days. For the later period 1970 to 1974, the hospital stay was 5.2 and 3.7 days, respectively. Intravenous fluids were not used in 77% of the patients and were used but not needed from a surgical standpoint in 9%. No deaths resulted from the procedure for pyloric steonsis, but there were five complications. Only 13 patients had no vomiting after operaion, whereas 105 (79%) had modest regurgitation of mild vomiting. Specific preoperative, operative, and postoperative care is important in every case. PMID- 1127997 TI - Mesenteric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (lymphoid hamartoma) with nephroitc syndrome. AB - In an 18-year-old woman who presented with the nephrotic syndrome and an abdominal mass, removal of a benign mesenteric lymphoid tumor was associated with remission of the nephrotic syndrome without further recurrence (30 month follow up). Biopsies of both kidneys showed a minimal-change glomerular lesion. Clinical and pathologic characteristics of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia and its possible relationship to the nephrotic syndrome are discussed. PMID- 1127998 TI - Open-angle glaucoma associated with topical administraion of flurandrenolide to the eye. AB - Intraocular pressure was elevated in both eyes and a glaucomatous field defect developed in one eye of an 18-year-old Caucasian man after prolonged topical use of flurandrenolide. Spontaneous remission occurred in one eye, the eye with least drug exposure, within a few weeks. The other eye continued to show evidence of elevated intraocular pressure and further field loss developed over 4 years after discontinuation of the steroid. The most serverly affected eye became myopic. This case strongly suggests that chronic application of flurandrenolide into the conjuctival sac can produce corticosteroid-induced glaucoma in susceptible individuals. Although both eyes were normal before exposure to the steroid and elevations of the same level developed in both eyes at the peak of the disease, the eye with the least drug exposure underwent complete and spontaneous remission whereas the eye exposed more frequently appeared to show irreversible changes in the aqueous humor outflow pathway with subsequent loss of visual field. PMID- 1127999 TI - Microscopic and baceriologic analysis of expectorated sputum. AB - Samples of expectorated sputum were examined grossly and microscopically to determine their suitability for bacterial cultures. Microscopically, specimens were categorized according to the number of leukocytes and squamous epithelial cells (SEC) observed under low-power (times 100) in a Gram-stained smear. The mean number of species isolated was greater than 4 from specimens with more than 10 SEC per field, 2.7 from specimens with fewer than 10 SEC per field, and 2.4 from transtracheal aspirates. Oropharyngeal flora was isolated from nearly all of the specimens with more than 10 SEC per field, and potential pathogens were found in less than 15% of such specimens. The bacterial flora of specimens with fewer than 10 SEC per field closely resembled that of transtracheal aspirates. PMID- 1128000 TI - Need for, difficulties and experience with sexual behavior questionnaires among teenagers. PMID- 1128001 TI - Comparison of ketamine and thiopental for rapid induction of anesthesia and intubation. PMID- 1128002 TI - Clinical experience with radioisotopic-powered cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 1128003 TI - Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) as a cause of pulmonary infarction in man. PMID- 1128004 TI - Radiological case of the month. Case of the month. PMID- 1128005 TI - Exercise electrocardiography. PMID- 1128006 TI - Femoral neuropathy: a complication of anticoagulation. PMID- 1128007 TI - Electroshock therapy in depressions of old age. PMID- 1128008 TI - Radiological case of the month. Diagnosis: partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. PMID- 1128009 TI - New quarters open for DHMH. PMID- 1128010 TI - City infant formula program. PMID- 1128011 TI - Production of CO2 by the intact functioning kidney of the dog. PMID- 1128012 TI - Glutamine transport in dog kidney mitochondria: a new control mechanism in acidosis. AB - Experiments performed with isolated mitochondria from dog renal cortex provide evidence for a carrier for glutamine located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This carrier transfers glutamine to glutaminase located in the inner membrane or matrix space and provides a site for regulation of glutamine metabolism and ammoniagenesis. Examination of glutamate formation by the carrier-glutaminase system in mitochondria and in submitochondrial preparations from acidotic and alkalotic dogs shows enhanced glutamate formation without accompanying alteration in glutaminase levels in preparations form acidotic animals. These findings suggest that the increased renal ammonia formation from glutamine during metabolic acidosis results from an adaptive increase in transport of glutamine by the inner membrane carrier. PMID- 1128013 TI - Regulation of renal ammonia production. PMID- 1128014 TI - Mechanism of renal ammonia production adaptation to chronic acidosis. PMID- 1128015 TI - Palmitic acid utilization by the renal cortex of the rat. PMID- 1128016 TI - Renal prostglandins and the antihypertensive endocrine function. PMID- 1128017 TI - The site and mode of action of some sulfonamide-derived diuretics. PMID- 1128018 TI - [An unfortunate judicial decision]. PMID- 1128019 TI - [Bottinger on the attack. What do justice ombudsmen known about medicine?]. PMID- 1128020 TI - ["A excusable oversight" but nevertheless a convication judgement in court]. PMID- 1128022 TI - [General physicians and the future]. PMID- 1128021 TI - [Who is going to be the head for public health--the country council ro the enterprise?]. PMID- 1128023 TI - [The education program is going to be the basis for further trade acting]. PMID- 1128024 TI - [The ethics of being ethical]. PMID- 1128025 TI - [Adopted children and health controls]. PMID- 1128026 TI - [Alcohol polyclinic activity]. PMID- 1128027 TI - [The weapons against smallpox: needle, vaccine, strategy]. PMID- 1128028 TI - [Eradication of smallpox in India]. PMID- 1128029 TI - [The scientific society and progress]. PMID- 1128030 TI - [Treatment of hypertension with beta blocking agents]. PMID- 1128031 TI - [Clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive neuroses]. PMID- 1128033 TI - [Physician's society goes to the counter-attack: Institutional psychiatric care is no alternative to coercive measures from social welfare]. PMID- 1128032 TI - [A law concerning transplantations--another on autopsies]. PMID- 1128034 TI - [Cardiovascular epidemiology]. PMID- 1128035 TI - [Automation of coagulation diagnosis]. PMID- 1128036 TI - [X-ray picutres and lung radiography activities in industrial health services]. PMID- 1128037 TI - [Hyperoxaluria after intestinal shunt]. PMID- 1128038 TI - [Is zoster a sign of undiagnosed cancer?]. PMID- 1128039 TI - [The false negative cytological test]. PMID- 1128040 TI - [Prescriptions of tranquilizing drugs and sedatives]. PMID- 1128041 TI - [Geriatric day care--experiences from a 3 year study]. PMID- 1128042 TI - [Tablet jars, medicine bottles, tubes--a problem to elderly persons]. PMID- 1128043 TI - [What about military medicine?]. PMID- 1128044 TI - [Treatment of drug addiction]. PMID- 1128045 TI - [Evaluation of evaluation of evaluation]. PMID- 1128047 TI - [Transuretral prostate surgery]. PMID- 1128046 TI - [Radiation protection for the patient]. PMID- 1128048 TI - [Backward luxation of shoulder joint]. PMID- 1128049 TI - [Frequency of sick leave in various types of exercise and athletics]. PMID- 1128050 TI - [Intraglomerular fibrin and glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1128051 TI - [Treatment of stomach neoplasms--impressions from study tours in the USA]. PMID- 1128053 TI - [Medical education in Uppsala is evaluated]. PMID- 1128052 TI - [Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in an industrial health service]. PMID- 1128054 TI - [Reverse of group processing--risk for complications with sensitivity training and other group exercises]. PMID- 1128055 TI - [Care of the neonate]. PMID- 1128056 TI - [Clinical immunology and the physician]. PMID- 1128057 TI - [Immunology of infection]. PMID- 1128058 TI - [Immune defects]. PMID- 1128059 TI - [Autoimmune diseases and immune complex diseases]. PMID- 1128060 TI - [Clinical transplantation immunology]. PMID- 1128061 TI - [Clinical tumor immunology]. PMID- 1128062 TI - [Comparative clinical investigation of furosemide and moduretic in the treatment of cardiac failure]. PMID- 1128063 TI - [Letter: A dialog about "nature drugs"]. PMID- 1128064 TI - [France cuts down hospital costs--reduces number of rooms with more than 1 bed]. PMID- 1128065 TI - [Standard planning of FV- AND RESEARCH EDUCATION]. PMID- 1128066 TI - [Suicide and economy]. PMID- 1128067 TI - [An argument for suicide research]. PMID- 1128068 TI - [Hospital nostalgia on the workshop floor?]. PMID- 1128069 TI - [The physician didn't examine sphincter rupture]. PMID- 1128070 TI - [No prosecution in the "Lex Maria" case]. PMID- 1128071 TI - [A physician acquited in a case of declaration of incapacity]. PMID- 1128072 TI - [Prejudice about MBD]. PMID- 1128073 TI - [Immunosuppressive treatment of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 1128074 TI - [Diagnostic benefits of skull x-ray in acute trauma]. PMID- 1128075 TI - [American view of the Swedish traffic temperance law: an article of faith]. PMID- 1128077 TI - [Shall we build up parallel resources?]. PMID- 1128076 TI - [Control of radioactive drugs]. PMID- 1128078 TI - [Which branch of education is necessary for specialist competence]. PMID- 1128079 TI - [New articular cartilage from transplanted perichondrium]. PMID- 1128080 TI - [Product control of x-ray examinations of the lower spine]. PMID- 1128081 TI - [Long term prognosis in urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria]. PMID- 1128082 TI - [Diagnosis of venous circulation insufficiency in the legs]. PMID- 1128083 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of venous obstacles to outflow and valve insufficiency]. PMID- 1128084 TI - [Venous insufficiency--aspects of roentgenological diagnosis]. PMID- 1128085 TI - [Clinical physiological diagnostics in venous circulatory disturbances (I)]. PMID- 1128087 TI - [Editorial: A rugged seat]. PMID- 1128086 TI - [Clinical physiological diagnostics in venous circulatory disturbances (II)]. PMID- 1128088 TI - [Letter: Hand washing detergent]. PMID- 1128089 TI - [The physicians prohibition of the SIA: Too many question-marks]. PMID- 1128091 TI - [Military medicine and motivation]. PMID- 1128090 TI - [Sick absence increase--effects of a sick society?]. PMID- 1128092 TI - [Local alcoholic care]. PMID- 1128093 TI - [Screening--to what good?]. PMID- 1128094 TI - [Physiotherapy in school]. PMID- 1128095 TI - [X-rays in primary care]. PMID- 1128096 TI - [Cerebral thromboembolism in young men and women]. PMID- 1128097 TI - [Mistletoe therapy--physicians warned. No acceptable ground for cancer diagnosis]. PMID- 1128098 TI - [A case of fetal alcohol syndrome?]. PMID- 1128099 TI - [Stomach neoplasms, herbal medicine and THX]. PMID- 1128100 TI - [The almoner adviser, the physician responsible in the bill of sterilization]. PMID- 1128101 TI - [A disservice to society and turning it aside]. PMID- 1128102 TI - [Who is going to take care of the teenage youth?]. PMID- 1128103 TI - [Recurrence of whooping cough]. PMID- 1128104 TI - [Genetic risks in heterologous insemination]. PMID- 1128105 TI - [Examination of the small intestine via a duodenal tube]. PMID- 1128106 TI - [Improved routine examination of the ventricle]. PMID- 1128107 TI - [No longer a child--but neither an adult]. PMID- 1128108 TI - [Development of work planning for physicians give a better health care]. PMID- 1128109 TI - [A odd alarm report]. PMID- 1128110 TI - [School care should be more involved in sex- and existence questions]. PMID- 1128111 TI - [Blinkers in drug addicts care]. PMID- 1128112 TI - [The smokers right to a protected environment]. PMID- 1128113 TI - [Vaccination against mumps]. PMID- 1128114 TI - [Newborn children must be taken care of humanely]. PMID- 1128115 TI - [Nightly child supervision. A pediatrician's views]. PMID- 1128116 TI - [How much protein can our children, our economy and our conscience stand?]. PMID- 1128117 TI - [Localization, manner of transmission and treatment of condyloma acuminata]. PMID- 1128118 TI - [A case of central thrombosis in a child treated with streptokinase]. PMID- 1128119 TI - [Editorial: Centralized research support]. PMID- 1128120 TI - [Letter: Schizophrenic psychiatry]. PMID- 1128121 TI - [Letter: Let the district physicians take care of the industrial medicine too!]. PMID- 1128122 TI - [So far only positive experiences from evening consultations in Dalby]. PMID- 1128123 TI - [Don't abolish the "helping hand work" at mental hospitals!]. PMID- 1128124 TI - [Intense debate at Karolinska Institutet: scientific fundamentals are tottering if the merit value is impeached]. PMID- 1128125 TI - [Debate in the parliament on the evaluation of drug addicts care: "The parliament is a sunday school compared to Lakartidningen"]. PMID- 1128126 TI - [Postoperative thromboembolism]. PMID- 1128127 TI - [Psychotherapy--dynamic or not]. PMID- 1128128 TI - [Progress in hyperbaric medicine]. PMID- 1128129 TI - [Dextran 70 as a preventive drug against fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 1128130 TI - [Cranial X-ray in acute skull injuries]. PMID- 1128131 TI - [Apparatus for automatic indirect measurement of blood pressure]. PMID- 1128132 TI - [Letter: Critique on psychoanalysis]. PMID- 1128133 TI - [Increase resource for toxicology!]. PMID- 1128134 TI - [The first AT-assistant physicans: Mostly good, but restricted courses and silly tests were irritating]. PMID- 1128135 TI - [Employment during medical training?]. PMID- 1128136 TI - [Government advise changed continuing education: Clinical immunology speciality introduced for general practitioners]. PMID- 1128137 TI - [Medical training for nurses? Yes, but how?]. PMID- 1128138 TI - [Where has our doctor gone?]. PMID- 1128139 TI - [City physicians wish continuing education in health care problems]. PMID- 1128140 TI - [Remarkable increase of myelography complications]. PMID- 1128141 TI - [He should choose local anesthesia]. PMID- 1128142 TI - [Kidney puncture on the wrong side--caution]. PMID- 1128143 TI - [Tuberculosis could be discovered earlier]. PMID- 1128144 TI - [There were not sufficient reasons for diagnosis of oligophrenia]. PMID- 1128145 TI - [Staphylococcal infections in hospital personnel]. PMID- 1128146 TI - [A grain of gold from SPRI]. PMID- 1128147 TI - [Physiological adaptation to a hot climate]. PMID- 1128149 TI - [6 or 7 days malaria prevention?]. PMID- 1128150 TI - [Co-ordinate health control of pensioners with social welfare service!]. PMID- 1128148 TI - [Hypertension 1974]. PMID- 1128151 TI - [Suicide among children and young people. Report from the WHO conference in Luxembourg]. PMID- 1128152 TI - [Acute Volkmann's contracture in an intoxicated patient]. PMID- 1128153 TI - The inhibition by cycloheximide of lipid metabolism by rat adipose tissue in vitro. PMID- 1128154 TI - Effects of prostaglandin B2 on vascular tone and reactivity. PMID- 1128155 TI - A sensitive radioenzymatic assay for norepinephrine in tissues and plasma. PMID- 1128156 TI - Investigations into the hypermetabolism of pregnancy, lactation and cold acclimation. PMID- 1128157 TI - Transfer of eosinopoietic activity from stimulated pregnant mice to their embryos. PMID- 1128158 TI - Prostaglandin endoperoxides IV. Effects on smooth muscle. PMID- 1128159 TI - The role of prostaglandins in the production of erythropoietin (esf) by the kidney. II. effects of indomethacin on erythropoietin production following hypoxia in dogs. PMID- 1128160 TI - Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase in rat brain: effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on soluble and particulate components. PMID- 1128161 TI - Oligopeptide control of step-down avoidance. PMID- 1128162 TI - Binding of calcium and zinc to the acetylcholine receptor purified from Torpedo California. PMID- 1128163 TI - Catecholamine neurotransmitters and synthetic enzymes in the spinal cord of the rat. PMID- 1128164 TI - Benzpyrene hydroxylase activity in hepatic microsomal and solubilized systems containing rabbit or rat cytochrome P-448 or P-450. PMID- 1128165 TI - Enzymic synthesis of 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine through ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity in the neuronal and glial cells of rabbit in vitro. AB - The transfer of radioactivity from cytidine-5'-diphosphate ethanolamine into 1 alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerophosphorylethanolamine of neuronal and glial cells from adult rabbit brain cortex has been investigated in vitro. The synthesis of 1 alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerophosphorylethanolamine in both cell populations was stimulated 23-25-fold by the addition of 6 mM alkylacylglycerol. The neuronal cell-enriched fraction was found to possess/unit protein a 1.7-1.8-fold ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity (EC 2.7.8.1), as compared to the glial fraction, when saturating concentrations (6 mM) of alkylacylglycerols were added in the incubation system. The neuronal/glial ratio was 2.6-2.8 in the absence of lipid acceptor or with low concentrations of alkylacylglycerol. Under most favorable conditions, 6.4 and 3.3 nmoles 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn glycerophosphorylethanolamine/mg protein/30 min was obtained for neurons and glia, respectively. Various kinetic properties of the 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn glycerophosphorylethanolamine synthesizing phosphotransferase activity were found to be similar both in neurons and glia. PMID- 1128166 TI - Relationship between lipids in plasma and skin secretions of neonatal calf with particular reference to linoleic acid. AB - A study has been made on the lipid composition of the skin secretions and plasma of the neonatal calf. A significant proportion of the skin surface lipids was comprised of triglycerides. Saturated fatty acids comprised the major proportion of the fatty acids of the skin surface triglycerides at birth. Immediately after birth, the proportion of the saturated fatty acids decreased, and there was a concomittant increase in the proportion of 18:1. Some 3-4 weeks after birth, the proportion of 18:2 delta cis-9, cis-12 in the skin surface triglycerides increased to ca. 14 percent, and there was a decrease in the proportion of 18:1. The 18:2 was shown to be confined almost entirely to the 2 position of the triglycerides. During the first 5 weeks after birth, the concentrations of the cholesteryl esters and phospholipids in the plasma increased markedly and were accompanied by a rapid increase in the proportion of 18:2 within these 2 fractions. The results are discussed in relation to the known role of 18:2 in the metabolism of biological systems. PMID- 1128167 TI - Some unusual fatty acids of Rhizobium. AB - A number of unusual fatty acids were identified after isolation from Rhizobium. They include 11-methyl-octadec-11-enoic, 12-methoxy-11-methyl- and 11-methoxy-12 methyloctadecanoic, and 11-methoxy- and 13-methoxynonadecanoic acids. PMID- 1128168 TI - Positional analysis of isovaleroyl triglycerides using proton magnetic resonance with Eu (fod) 3 and Pr (fod) 3 shift reagents: I. Model compounds. AB - The proton magnetic resonance spectra of isomeric triglycerides of isovaleric and palmitic acids in the presence of the downfield and upfield chemical shift reagents Eu(fod)(3) and Pr(fod)(3) were studied. The resonance profiles of the gamma-protons on the isovaleroyl chains are distinctive for each of the four possible triglyceride isomers at low shift reagent/triglyceride ratios. With either reagent, the well defined gamma-methyl isovalerate doublets can be used to identify 2-isovaleroyl and 1,3-isovaleroyl structures and to analyze isomeric mixtures. This technique will be useful for positional analysis of natural cetacean triglycerides containing isovaleric acid. PMID- 1128169 TI - New application of high pressure reversed-phase liquid chromatography in lipids. AB - High pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography has been used to separate saturated fatty acids, their methyl esters, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and triglycerides. Rapid separation of fatty acids differing in chain length and number of double bonds has been accomplished. Analysis time was less than 10 min in most cases. The high pressure reverse chromatography resulted in better separations of polyenoic acids than can be accomplished by conventional argentation silicic acid column chromatography. The analyses were carried out on a chemically bonded reverse phase packing, VYDAC reverse phase. PMID- 1128170 TI - Effect of low methionine, choline deficient diets upon major unsaturated phosphatidyl choline fractions of rat liver and plasma. AB - To see how the metabolism of specific phosphatidyl choline fractions might be affected when only a limited source of methyl groups was available, rats were fed for 7 days a low methionine, choline-deficient diet or one supplemented with either choline or methionine. Prior to killing, they were injected with -14C methyl methionine and liver and plasma phosphatidyl choline isolated and separated by argentation chromatography into 3 major unsaturated fractions. Fatty acid composition and radioactivity of the fractions were determined. Deficient rats had reduced total liver phosphatidyl choline when compared with the supplemented groups, but the proportions of 20:4 and 22:6 fatty acids in the total phosphatidyl choline were unchanged. Plasma phosphatidyl choline also was reduced sharply by the deficiency, as was its proportion of 20:4 fatty acid. Specific activities of the liver 22:6, 20:4, and 18:2 phosphatidyl choline fractions showed that deficient rats had less radioactivity in their 20:4 and 18:2 phosphatidyl choline than did the supplemented animals. Plasma phosphatidyl choline fractions presented a similar pattern. Feeding methionine or choline nearly doubled radioactive methyl group incorporation into the 20:4 phosphatidyl choline fraction of liver and plasma, while incorporation into the 22:6 phosphatidyl choline was reduced or unchanged. The results suggested that, in the rat, limited availability of methyl groups altered the metabolism of liver and plasma phosphatidyl choline fractions. Methionine, as a source of labile methyl groups, appears necessary for the normal synthesis of certain unsaturated phosphatidyl choline fractions (particularly 20:4 phosphatidyl choline). Transmethylation of phosphatidyl ethanolamine molecular species to the corresponding phosphatidyl choline species may be an important reaction in normal lipid metabolism and transport. Relative affinities for incorporation of the labeled methyl groups into the phosphatidyl choline fractions of either deficient or supplemented rats were: 22:6 less than 20:4 less than 18:2. PMID- 1128171 TI - Effects of phenobarbital upon bile acid synthesis in two strains of rats. AB - Rats of the Wistar and Sprague-Dawley strains were injected with sodium phenobarbital (100 mg/kg body wt/day) for 8 days. Fecal bile acid excretion was measured on days 6 and 8 of the experiment, and biliary bile acid composition, hepatic microsomal cholesterol, 7alpha-hydroxylase, and 7alpha-hydroxy-4 cholesten-3-one 12alpha-hydroxylase were determined at the end of the study. In the Wistar rat, injection of phenobarbital produced a doubling of fecal bile acid output (controls, 5.3 mg/rat/day; treated rats, 10.6 mg/rat/day) and a two threefold increase in cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase. The fecal bile acid output of Sprague-Dawley rats increased 20% in response to phenobarbital (controls, 9,5 mg/rat/day; treated rats, 11.6 mg/rat/day). The activity of cholesterol 7alpha hydroxylase remained unchanged. In both strains, phenobarbital treatment produced a decrease in the proportion of cholic acid in total bilary bile acids (controls, 85%; treated groups, 65%). This was associated with a decrease of 7alpha-hydroxy 4-cholesten-3-one 12alpha-hydroxylase activity by ca. 50%. Biliary cholesterol concentrations were reduced in phenobarbital treated rats of both strains, but liver cholesterol concentrations remained unchanged. The drug produced a 25% increase in liver wt, on the average. PMID- 1128172 TI - Incorporation of radioactive polyunsaturated fatty acids into liver and brain of developing rat. AB - The incorporation of radioactivity from orally administered linoleic acid-1-14C, linolenic acid-1-14C, arachidonic acid-3H8, and docosahexaenoic acid-14C into the liver and brain lipids of suckling rats was studied. In both tissues, 22 hr after dosing, 2 distinct levels of incorporation were observed: a low uptake (from 18:2 1-14C and 18:3-1-14C) and a high uptake (from 20:4-3H8 and 22:6-14C). In adult rats, the incorporation of radioactivity into brain lipids from 18:2-1-14C and 20:4-3H was considerably lower than the incorporation into the brains of the young rats. In the livers of the suckling rats, the activity from the 18 carbon acids was associated mostly with the triglyceride fraction, whereas the activity from the 20:4-3H8 and 22:6-14C was concentrated in the phospholipid fraction. In the brain lipids, the activity from the different fatty apid fatty acids, some of the activity in the 18:2-1-14C and 18:3-1-14C experiments was associated with 20 and 22 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids; however, radioactivity from orally administered 20:4-3H8 and 22:6-14C was incorporated intact into the tissue phospholipid to a much greater extent compared with the incorporation of radioactivity into 20:4 and 22:6 in the experiments where 18:2-1-14C and 18:3-1 14C, respectively, were administered. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. Rat milk contains a wide spectrum of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate, and docosahexaenoate. During the suckling period in the rat, there is a rapid deposition of 20:4 and 22:6 in the brain. The results of the present experiments suggested that dietary 20:4 and 22:6 were important sources of brain 20:4 and 22:6 in the developing rat. PMID- 1128173 TI - Rate of restoration of cardiolipin and other major phospholipids during liver regeneration in rat. AB - The rate of restoration of liver phospholipids, especially cardiolipin, during liver regeneration after two-thirds partial hepatectomy, was studied. Preoperative content of cardiolipin was not restored during the first week of regeneration, while this was the case for the other major liver phospholipids. The observations are discussed in relation to the morphogenesis of mitochondria during liver regeneration. PMID- 1128175 TI - Brain free fatty levels in rats sacrificed by decapitation versus focused microwave irradiation. AB - Values are presented for whole brain free fatty acid levels of rats sacrificed by decapitation vs focused microwave irradiation. Free fatty acids were quantitated by specific colorimetric analysis. Within ca. 1 min of sacrifice by either decapitation or microwave, rat whole brain free fatty acid concentrations ranged from ca. 80-100 mug/g fresh tissue. If the brain remained in the head for a total of 5 min after decapitation, free fatty acid levels increased by over 100%. The free fatty acids at this time were enriched with arachidonic acid. The increase in free fatty acid levels following decapitation was completely absent in rats sacrificed by the microwave irradiation. This microwave technique could be a valuable tool in determining free fatty acid and other heat stable compounds in brain tissue. PMID- 1128174 TI - Effect of dietary safflower oil upon lipogenesis in neonatal lamb. AB - The effect of dietary safflower oil upon lipogenesis has been investigated in neonatal lambs. Preliminary experiments with lambs suckled by their mothers showed that there was a 10-fold increase in the rate of incorporation of [14-C] from acetate into fatty acids in adipose tissue slices during the first 10 days post partum. Barely detectable rates of [14-C] acetate incorporation into fatty acids were found in liver slices from lambs during the same period. In lambs given cows' milk from birth untill 11 days of age, there was also a 10-fold increase in the rate of lipogenesis in adipose tissue slices. Supplementing the diet of cows' milk with safflower oil (5 ml/lamb/day) resulted in significantly lower rates of lipogenesis in adipose tissue slices from 11 day old lambs. Administration of safflower oil had no effect upon the concentration of unesterified fatty acids, including linoleic acid, in the lamb adipose tissue slices. The data show that lipogenesis in ovine adipose tissue, like that in rodent liver and adipose tissue, is sensitive to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, and that, for the neonatal lamb, the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids upon lipogenesis is not dependent upon an increase in the tissue concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 1128176 TI - Fatty acid and aldehyde composition of major phospholipids in salt gland of marine birds and spiny dogfish. AB - The lipophilic components of choline phosphoglycerides and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides obtained from the salt gland of herring gull and eider duck and from the rectal gland of spiny dogfish were investigated by means of thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All phospholipids analyzed were shown to contain small amounts of plasmalogens, and mainly C16, C18, and C18:1 aldehyde was detected. The fatty acids were composed of saturated, unsaturated, straight chain, and branched chain types, ranging between 14-22 carbon atoms. The lipophilic composition of the rectal gland phospholipids showed a higher degree of unsaturation and the presence of more branched chain fatty acids than that of the birds, possibly related to body temperature. PMID- 1128177 TI - Incorporation of oxygen-18 into secondary alcohols of grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes. AB - Incorporation of 18-O2 and H2-18-O into the secondary alcohol moiety of wax esters in the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes was determined by mass spectrometry. Results of this study show that oxygen-18 from 18-O2 was incorporated into the secondary alcohol, whereas no incorporation of oxygen-18 from H2-18-O was detected. The data suggest that the reaction, which hydroxylates n-alkanes at or near the center of the carbon chain, involves a mixed function oxidase type enzyme. PMID- 1128178 TI - Fluorescent pigments from uterus of vitamin E-deficient rats. AB - Spectrophotofluorometric analyses of the extracts of uterus from sterile rats maintained on a vitamin E-deficient diet for a prolonged period of time indicated that the brown ceroid-like pigments present were highly fluorescent, having characteristics typical of products formed during lipid peroxidation in vivo. The aqueous-methanol layer of the uteral extract from vitamin E-deficient animals had higher fluorescence than the corresponding chloroform layer, indicating the presence of more polar water-soluble pigments than those found in most other tissues so far examined. PMID- 1128179 TI - Use of internal vial for determining quench correction in scintillation counting of heterogeneous media. AB - An insert vial situated at the center of the counting medium and containing a standard count has been used for quench correction in the liquid scintillation counting of gels containing suspensions of silicic acid scrapings from thin layer chromatoplates. The method has provided a simple and direct means of routine count correction for a range of 14-C-labeled lipid classes following separation on thin layer chromatoplates. The use of insert vial provides several advantages over other methods for the count correction of these suspensions. PMID- 1128180 TI - [Elimination of protective effect of hypoxia in a tumor during prolonged radiation]. PMID- 1128181 TI - [Reaction to prolonged irradiation of corneal epithelium and Ehrlich carcinoma under conditions of hypoxia]. PMID- 1128182 TI - [Basis for the use of neutron therapy of neoplasms]. PMID- 1128183 TI - [Possibility of the use of a test of antioxidative activity of lipids for selection of modifiers of radiosensitivity of normal and neoplastic tissues]. PMID- 1128185 TI - [Intercellular interactions and cell population protection level]. PMID- 1128184 TI - [Heterogeneity of cell populations of tumors as a factor limiting radiation therapy]. PMID- 1128186 TI - [Clonal structure of a tumor as a factor of its radiosensitivity]. PMID- 1128187 TI - [Suppression of postradiation regeneration as one of possible ways of increasing tumor cell destruction]. PMID- 1128188 TI - [Role of DNA synthesis in cell regeneration after radiation injuries]. PMID- 1128189 TI - [Hypoxia of tumor cells and its role in fractionated irradiation]. PMID- 1128190 TI - [Increase in tumor PO2 after inhalation of a mixture of 95% O2 + 5% CO2]. PMID- 1128191 TI - [Simple model for evaluation of radiation injury of tumor cells in the body of animals]. PMID- 1128192 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of radiosensitivity of tumor cells in situ]. PMID- 1128193 TI - [Radiobiology -- scientific basis of radiotherapy]. PMID- 1128194 TI - [Heterogeneity of neoplasms, radiosensitivity interval and optimal therapeutic dose]. PMID- 1128195 TI - [Strategy of experimental approach to radiotherapy of neoplasms]. PMID- 1128196 TI - [Study of the correlation of radiation destruction of a tumor and its bed]. PMID- 1128197 TI - [Reproductive capacity of the cells of rectal neoplasms after preoperative gamma therapy]. PMID- 1128198 TI - [Nominal standard dose as a quantitative criterion of radiation effectiveness based on the example of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 1128199 TI - [Elaboration of the problem of main action of ionizing radiation on tumors]. PMID- 1128200 TI - [Outcome of the injury of the human head by x-rays]. PMID- 1128201 TI - [Disorders of granulocytopoiesis after prolonged repeated irradiation]. PMID- 1128202 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of Xe133 and Kr85 beta-irradiation on the skin]. PMID- 1128203 TI - [Histological study of skin reaction to the action of x-rays of different hardness]. PMID- 1128204 TI - [Study of the possibility of enzymatic evaluation of the course of radiation sickness]. PMID- 1128205 TI - [Analysis of latent injuries after the action of radiation]. PMID- 1128206 TI - [Creatine kinase activity of blood plasma in general roentgen irradiation]. PMID- 1128207 TI - [Action of fluorine and resorpting radioactive preparations on malignant neoplasms in experimental studies]. PMID- 1128208 TI - [Effect of various antiarrhythmic drugs in a case of intermittent bundle branch block]. PMID- 1128209 TI - [Consumption coagulopathy and acute renal insufficiency in rats]. PMID- 1128211 TI - [Murine cell line from an anaplastic sarcoma]. PMID- 1128210 TI - Allogeneic testis transplantation in dogs. Effect of prednisolone on the rejection phenomenon. PMID- 1128212 TI - [Hemodynamics during isometric exercises in normal subjects and cardial patients]. PMID- 1128213 TI - [Hepatic failure during pregnancy]. PMID- 1128214 TI - Teaching beginning reading skills to retarded children in community classrooms: a programmatic case study. PMID- 1128215 TI - A survey of the present status of vocational training in state institutions for the MR. PMID- 1128216 TI - A comparison of WISC selected subtest short forms with MR children. PMID- 1128217 TI - Wishing will make it so. PMID- 1128218 TI - Categorization of material following transfer from serial to free recall lists with EMRs. PMID- 1128219 TI - Identifying children's abilities in classes for the MR. PMID- 1128220 TI - Gesture language for a non-verbal severely retarded male. PMID- 1128221 TI - A computer-based data bank. PMID- 1128222 TI - SYMBOL COMMUNICATION FOR THE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED. PMID- 1128223 TI - The ABS as a tool in comprehensive MR programming. PMID- 1128224 TI - Editoral: Integration: problems and promises. PMID- 1128225 TI - Editoral: Do we really believe in the retarded? PMID- 1128226 TI - Frustration and adenylate cyclase. PMID- 1128227 TI - Inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by plasma and serum ultrafiltrates due in part to a low-molecular-weight, nonpeptide material. AB - In an attempt to verify the existence in the blood of a diabetogenic peptide (somantin) derived from growth hormone, ultrafiltrates from plasma and serum from normal and diabetic subjects were prepared. The freeze-dried residues of these ultrafiltrates inhibited glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as somantin is claimed to do. However, the behavior of the inhibitory material on gel filtration on Sephadex G-10 indicated a molecular weight well below 700, rather than the considerably larger size claimed for somantin. The inhibitory material did not adsorb to Dowex 50W cation exchange resin at pH 2.5, while over 95 percent of ninhydrin-positive material was retained. Acid hydrolysis of the inhibitory material did not abolish its activity. Because of the presence of this low molecular-weight, nonpeptide inhibitory material, inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase by a simple ultrafiltrate of plasma or serum is probably not a definitive measure of somantin. PMID- 1128228 TI - Development of the obese-hyperglycemic syndrome in mice with a growth hormone deficiency. AB - By mating mice heterozygous for the recessive gene, obese (ob/+) (+/+), with mice homozygous for the recessive gene, dwarf (+/+)(dw/dw), and subsequent mating of the offspring, mice homozygous for both the obese and dwarf gene were obtained. It was established that the genes for obese and dwarf mice belong to different linkage groups. The homozygous obese dwarf mice develop obesity and hyperinsulinemia. The degree of hyperglycemia developed by these homozygotes is not significantly different from that of nonobese dwarf mice. Because homozygous dwarf mice are deficient in growth hormone production, it was concluded that obesity and hyperinsulinemia can develop under conditions of extreme growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 1128229 TI - Relationships of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sodium balance to blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure of polycystic kidney disease. AB - In 5 patients with polycystic kidney disease and creatinine clearances ranging from 4 to 40 ml/min, relationships between changes in blood pressure, sodium balance, body fluid compartments, plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone excretion, and plasma aldosterone concentrations were studied during periods of low, medium, and high sodium intake. Total body water (TBW), total exchangeable body sodium (TEBS), and extracellular volume (ECV) were measured by isotope dilution techniques, plasma volume with Evan's blue dye, and PRA and aldosterone by radioimmunoassay. Low sodium intake reduced kidney function, blood pressure, and serum sodium, while PRA reached its highest levels. Subsequent increases in sodium intake improved kidney function and increased blood pressure. Plasma volume increased slightly and ECV markedly, while PRA dropped to 15 percent of the value noted after the low sodium intake. TBW and TEBS showed inconsistent changes. Aldosterone changes correlated closely with PRA. Blood pressure showed a negative correlation with PRA, but a positive one with body weight and cumulative sodium balance, and with plasma and extracellular volumes.it is suggested that whereas renin and aldosterone are involved in the maintenance of circulatory homeostasis during sodium loss, sodium retention causes an increase in blood pressure by concomitant changes in body fluids. PMID- 1128230 TI - Relationship between local and total bone mass in osteoporosis. AB - The relationship between total body calcium (TBC) and local bone calcium mass (BCM) was studied in a group of osteoporotic patients (12 females and two males) with a wide range of body size. Two methods were used to estimate BCM: photon absorptiometry and radiographic morphometry. TBC was estimated by total-body neutron-activation analysis. Since 99 percent of TBC is located in the skeleton, it was assumed that TBC was essentially a measure of total skeletal (calcium) mass. TBC ranged from 482 to 1076 g. High correlations with r values from 0.84 to 0.94, p less than 0.001, were found between TBC and BCM measured by absorptiometry at six different sites of radius, ulna, and humerus. Additionally, high correlations with r values from 0.89 to 0.95, p less than 0.001, were found between BCM at the distal tenth of the radius and BCM at the five other sites. A high correlation was also found between body height and TBC, but partial correlations indicated that this accounted for very little of the correlation between TBC and BCM. In contrast to the above, correlations between BCM determined by radiographic morphometry and TBC were weak or nonsignificant. When TBC and BCM were expressed as percent of their mean value, the slopes of the estimating equations, describing the relationships between TBC and BCM, were essentially the same, but significantly less than one, which is the value of the slope expected if TBC and BCM had changed at the same relative rate. From these relationships, we conclude (1) that the rate of change in BCM was similar in the six sites examined, and (2) that the rate of change in these six sites was relatively more rapid than the change in total body calcium. Whether the change in rate of BCM was related to rate of increase during attainment of maximum BCM or subsequent rate of loss of BCM or both remains to be determined. PMID- 1128231 TI - Sympathetic control of hepatic glycogenolysis during glucopenia in man. AB - Liver glycogen stores may be mobilized during hypoglycemia by release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, by release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings and by release of glucagon. To clarify the nature of peripheral sympathetic control of hepatic glycogenolysis during glucopenia in man, 2-deoxy-d glucose (2 DG), a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism, was infused intravenously (50 mg/kg) to nine normal volunteers and four adrenalectomized patients for 20 min. In normal volunteers, the initial elevation of free fatty acids (FFA) and growth hormone (HGH) correspond with the rise in total catecholamines, with maximal levels attained at 60 min; lactate and cortisol rose at a slower rate, no change in IRI was noted. Plasma glucose levels were 148 percent of preinfusion values by 120 min and remained elevated. In adrenalectomized subjects, despite no change in plasma FFA, lactate, catecholamines and glucagon, glucose rose 20 percent by 150 min; the growth hormone and insulin responses were similar to normals; A significant increase in glucose response from 60 min onward was found in the 2 DG infusion studies when compared to cortisone administration, alone. Thus, during glucopenia, plasma glucose rose in spite of unchanged adrenomedullary catecholamine and glucagon levels. The findings indicate that the sympathetic neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, contributes to counter-regulatory events during 2 DG-induced glucopenia presumably via its release from hepatic sympathetic nerve endings, PMID- 1128232 TI - Effects of ethanol ingestion on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in normal and diabetic subjects. AB - To investigate the effect of ethanol on carbohydrate homeostasis in circumstances in which food and ethanol are usually ingested, ethanol was administered hourly in the afternoon prior to the ingestion of a glucose load at 5:00 p.m. in a group of normal subjects and in mild diabetics. In both groups the blood glucose levels following the glucose load were 30-80 mg/100 ml lower and the early insulin secretory response (15-45 min) was 35 percent-40 percent higher after ethanol ingestion. In contrast, ethanol intake had no effect on the glucagon response to glucose ingestion; These data suggest that ethanol enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The dampened blood glucose rise observed with ethanol may be related to the augmented insulin response or to decreased gastrointestinal absorption of glucose. In mild diabetic patients, moderate intake of ethanol is without acute deleterious effects on carbohydrate homeostasis and may in some instances improve the blood glucose response to ingested carbohydrate. PMID- 1128233 TI - Urinary metabolites characteristic of urea-cycle amino acid deficiency. AB - Experiments with 45-75-g male rats gave conclusive evidence that the simultaneous absence from the diet of arginine, ornithine, or citrulline caused an immediate and persistent elevation of orotic and citric acids in the urine. The experiments also demonstrated that a deficiency of no other individual amino acid increased urinary citrate and orotate. Elevated urinary excretion of orotic and citric acid occurred independently of the form of nonessential nitrogen. Replacement of arginine isonitrogenously with ornithine or citrulline prevented the rise in urinary orotic acid, but had different effects on growth, urinary citrate, and urinary urea. These differences were probably due to differential uptake of arginine, ornithine, and citrulline by tissues; In the reported experiments employing L-amino acids as sources of dietary nitrogen, a deficiency of any amino acid indispensable for growth and nitrogen balance or a deficiency of arginine, ornithine, or citrulline retarded growth, increased urinary urea, and decreased urinary ammonia. It is concluded that the severe loss of orotic acid during urea cycle amino acid deficiency arises from a decreased capacity of the urea cycle to detoxify ammonia, thereby causing increased shunting of intramitochondrial carbamyl phosphate into pyrimidine synthesis. The similarities in metabolism during arginine deficiency and ammonia intoxication are discussed. The evidence shows that urinary orotic acid may be a valuable measure of arginine nutrition in mammals. PMID- 1128234 TI - Hepatic steatosis and the elevated plasma insulin level in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. AB - Among 31 nonobese or obese patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis was found by histologic examination of the biopsied specimen in 17 patients, and it was severe in six patients, They had no history of excessive alcohol intake. Chemical analysis revealed that the lipid accumulated in the liver was triglyceride. The hypertriglyceridemic patients, with or without histologic steatosis, showed significantly increased responses of both plasma insulin and blood glucose to oral glucose load compared with control subjects. The responses were more exaggerated in the hypertriglyceridemic patients with steatosis than in the hypertriglyceridemic patients without steatosis. Analysis of correlations between five variables (liver triglyceride, plasma insulin, blood glucose, body weight index, and serum triglyceride) was done on 15 subjects whose liver triglyceride values were quantified, and highly significant correlations were found between liver triglyceride and plasma insulin, blood glucose, or body weight index. A step wise multiple regression analysis performed on the five variables with liver triglyceride as the dependent variable revealed that the plasma insulin level was the most closely related variable, and the blood glucose level the next. The prediction equation for liver triglyceride as a function of plasma insulin and blood glucose levels (r = 0.91, p greater than 0.001) accounted for 84 percent of the total variance of liver triglyceride. It was shown that the decay of intravenously injected insulin in plasma was not delayed in the hypertriglyceridemic patients with steatosis, while the insulin sensitivity examined after intravenous insulin injection significantly decreased in the hypertriglyceridemic patients with or without steatosis, thus suggesting that the hyperinsulinemia in the hypertriglyceridemic patients was due to an increased insulin secretion associated with the decrease in the insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the elevated plasma insulin and blood glucose levels--or the insulin insensitivity by itself--might be the essential abnormalities in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, which, in extreme cases, might lead to massive triglyceride accumulation in the liver. PMID- 1128236 TI - Labile methyl balances for normal humans on various dietary regimens. AB - Normal young adult male and female subjects were maintained on fixed dietary regimens which were either essentially normal or were semisynthetic and curtailed in methionine and choline intakes and virtually free of cystine. The subjects maintained stable weights and remained in positive nitrogen balance or within the zone of sulfur equilibrium. Choline intakes were calculated, and urinary excretions of creatinine, creatine, and sacrosine were measured. Creatinine excretions of male subjects on essentially normal diets outweighed the total intakes of labile methyl groups. Taking into account the excretions of additional methylated compounds, as judged from published values, it appears that methyl neogenesis must normally play a role in both males and females. When labile methyl intake is curtailed, de novo formation of methyl groups is quantitatively more significant than ingestion of preformed methyl moieties. On the normal diets used in these experiments, the average homocysteinyl moiety in males cycled between methionine and homocysteine at least 1.9 times before being converted to cystathionine. For females, the average number of cycles was at least 1.5. When labile methyl intake was curtailed, the average number of cycles rose to 3.9 for males and 3.0 for females under the conditions employed. PMID- 1128235 TI - Regional adipose tissue cellularity in relation to metabolism in young and middle aged women. AB - Body composition and total number of fat cells were investigated in 31 randomly selected women 52 yr of age and in 13 young women (mean age 22 yr) whose body weights were within plus or minus 10% of the ideal weight. Two of the 52-year-old women were obviously obese and excluded. Regional determinations of adipose tissue thickness, fat cell size, and number were also determined. Middle-aged women had more body fat (BF) but a lower body cell mass (BCM) than the younger group. The increased BF in the middle-aged women was exclusively explained by larger fat cells, since the younger women had a significantly higher total number of fat cells. This increase was also found when differences in height, body weight, and body fat were matched out. Local fat cell number was also increased in the younger group. Local fat cell size was increased in all regions investigated in the middle-aged women, but the increase was particularly pronounced in the abdominal region. The highest degrees of correlation between fat cell sizes of different regions were found between the epigastric and hypogastric regions and between femoral and gluteal regions. Furthermore, the plasma insulin levels correlated with the fat cell sizes of the abdominal region but not with those of the femoral or gluteal regions. In conclusion, the data might indicate that the fat cells of the abdominal region are more sensitive to nutritional and/or hormonal factors than those of other regions. This may in turn indicate the existence of different fat cell populations. PMID- 1128237 TI - Glycogen metabolism in muscle: its circadian and seasonal variations. AB - The glycogen content of mice diaphragm and 14-C-glucose incorporation into glycogen was studied around the clock at 4-hr intervals. It was found that glycogen content presents a circadian rhythm with a peak value around 4 hr; this rhythm was reproduced in four different months, but with changes both in the absolute values and in the range of oscillation around the 24-hr mean value. Although labeled glucose incorporation exhibited a circadian variation as well, it peak value was 180 degrees out of phase compared with the glycogen rhythm. When the animals were submitted to a 29-hr fasting, the glycogen-24 hr-variation was still present, with similar oscillation around the mean. However, the absolute glycogen values were one-third as high as the ones obtained in the control animals. Our results suggest that the rhythm of glycogen content is due, at least partly, to the circadian variation of its synthesis. Furthermore, food intake is not the main factor responsible for the above mentioned rhythm. PMID- 1128238 TI - Skeletal turnover and total body elemental composition during extended calcitonin treatment of Paget's disease. AB - Twenty patients with generalized symptomatic Paget's disease had serial measurements of radiocalcium turnover and/or total body elemental composition by in vivo neutron activation analysis during long-term calcitonin therapy. Despite maintained clinical improvement, seven of 15 patients showed partial or total loss of the initial decelerating effect of calcitonin on skeletal turnover, whereas the remaining eight patients maintained the calcitonin-induced deceleration. The changes in skeletal turnover were roughly proportional to the induced changes in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. However, disparities in the magnitude of the changes among the three parameters were not uncommon. Total body calcium was increased by a mean of 22% above predicted prior to calcitonin and decreased significantly by 4% during long-term calcitonin treatment. Total body phosphorus, nitrogen, and sodium also decreased. The phosphorus and sodium losses appeared to be mostly from the skeleton. These data confirm histologic evidence of the disappearance of pagetic bone, resumption of normal lamelar bone formation, and radiographic evidence of a decrease in bone volume during calcitonin treatment and incidate the relative magnitude of this effect. The action of calcitonin in this regard possibly represents a specific effect on Paget's disease beyond its general skeletal effect of reduce cellular activity. PMID- 1128239 TI - Unususpected meningioma in a patient with pituitary gigantism. Case report with autopsy findings. AB - A unique example of a clinically unsuspected large parasellar meningioma is described in a 36-yr-old pituitary giant who had been treated initially with conventional irradiation, subsequently by surgical excision of an acidophil adenoma, and ultimately with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) prior to his demise. The patient died of increased intracranial pressure resulting from a combined mass effect of the meningioma and recurrent tumor. The relationship between radiation and the development of the meningioma is discussed, as well as the fine ultrastructure of a highly functioning acidophil adenoma. PMID- 1128240 TI - Letter: Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in chronic renal disease. PMID- 1128241 TI - Erythropoeitin: assay and study of its mode of action. PMID- 1128242 TI - Localization of hormones with the peroxidase-labeled antibody method. PMID- 1128243 TI - Autoradiographic techniques for localizing protein hormones in target tissue. PMID- 1128244 TI - Methods for assessing immunologic and biologic properties of iodinated peptide hormones. PMID- 1128245 TI - Evaluation of hormone effects on protein turnover in isolated perfused organs. PMID- 1128246 TI - Methods for assessing hormone (TSH) effects on glucose oxidation and phospholipid synthesis. PMID- 1128247 TI - Methods for assessing hormone effects on glucose transport in isolated fat cells. PMID- 1128248 TI - Analysis of hormone effects on carbohydrate metabolism by use of metabolic crossover plots. PMID- 1128249 TI - Statistical analysis of radioligand assay data. PMID- 1128250 TI - Technique for the identification of a biosynthetic precursor to parathyroid hormone. PMID- 1128251 TI - Purification of anterior pituitary hormones (ovine, bovine, rat, rabbit). PMID- 1128252 TI - Purification of human pituitary glycoprotein hormones. PMID- 1128253 TI - Purification of human prolactin. PMID- 1128254 TI - Preparation of epidermal growth factor. PMID- 1128255 TI - Measurement of somatomedin by cartilage in vitro. PMID- 1128256 TI - Automated determination of saccharides using ion-exchange chromatography of their borate complexes-1. PMID- 1128257 TI - DL- and L-2-keto-3-deoxyarabonate-1,2. PMID- 1128258 TI - An enzymic synthesis yielding crystalline sodium pryruvate labeled with isotopic hydrogen. PMID- 1128259 TI - Aldose reductases from mammalian tissues. PMID- 1128260 TI - Aldose reductase from seminal vesicle and placenta of ruminants. PMID- 1128261 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from bovine mammary gland. PMID- 1128262 TI - Polarographic determination of 3-keto sugars-1. PMID- 1128263 TI - 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes. PMID- 1128264 TI - L-3-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from pig brain mitochondria. PMID- 1128265 TI - Colorimetric ultramicro assay for reducing sugars-1. PMID- 1128266 TI - Colorimetric assays for hexuronic acids and some keto sugars. PMID- 1128267 TI - D(-)-lactate dehydrogenases from fungi. PMID- 1128268 TI - Enzymic microassays for D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose, L-fucose, and D glucosamine. PMID- 1128269 TI - D-lactate dehydrogenase from the horseshoe crab. PMID- 1128270 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase-X from mouse testes and spermatozoa. PMID- 1128271 TI - Estimation of 3-deoxy-2-ketoaldonic acids. PMID- 1128272 TI - Lactate oxygenase of Mycobacterium phlei. PMID- 1128273 TI - Phosphoglucose isomerase of human erythrocytes and cardiac tissue. PMID- 1128274 TI - N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase from hog kidney. PMID- 1128275 TI - Triosephosphate isomerase from human erythrocytes. PMID- 1128276 TI - Assay for D-ribose-5-phosphate ketol isomerase and D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3 epimerase. PMID- 1128277 TI - Aldose 1,6-diphosphates. PMID- 1128278 TI - 3-Deoxy-2-ketoaldonic acids. PMID- 1128279 TI - Phosphorylated 3-deoxy-2-ketaldonic acids. PMID- 1128280 TI - 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate. PMID- 1128281 TI - Ultrastructural permeability studies in capillaries of rabbit oral mucosa and salivary glands. PMID- 1128282 TI - Hemodynamic and functional consequences of intravascular platelet aggregation in skeletal muscle. PMID- 1128283 TI - Studies on the mechanism of potentiation of arteriolar constriction by dexamethasone in vivo. PMID- 1128284 TI - Platelet interaction with subendothelium in a perfusion system: physical role of red blood cells. PMID- 1128285 TI - Influence of C3a anaphylatoxin compared to other vasoactive agents on the microcirculation of the rabbit omentum. PMID- 1128286 TI - The influence of pulmonary microvascular perfusion by the autonomic nervous system in intact dogs and cats. PMID- 1128288 TI - President's page: Eternal vigilance key to future. PMID- 1128287 TI - Letter to the editor. PMID- 1128289 TI - Pattern of electrotherapy in Michigan. PMID- 1128290 TI - Perinatal tips. PMID- 1128291 TI - The cervical thymus. PMID- 1128292 TI - Acupuncture for the treatment of deafness. PMID- 1128293 TI - Emergency medical care: a unique and proven system. PMID- 1128294 TI - Psychiatrists' art has lessons for all MDs. PMID- 1128295 TI - Education essential in interpersonal skills. PMID- 1128296 TI - Countering the coming "legal onslaught". PMID- 1128297 TI - FMG's must contribute to solution, too. PMID- 1128298 TI - MD may exhibit "malpractice syndrome". PMID- 1128299 TI - Malpractice: (continued) Restoring prestige and credibility. PMID- 1128300 TI - Malpractice: (continued) Positive steps for plastic surgeons. PMID- 1128301 TI - Malpractice: Communications the key. PMID- 1128302 TI - Letter: "Perinatal tips.". PMID- 1128303 TI - Letter: Thyroid carcinoma in children who underwent radiation. PMID- 1128304 TI - An instrument for the rapid determination of L-lactate in biological fluids. AB - An analyzer for lactate has been developed based upon an electrochemical enzymatic method. It allows the determination of lactate within 2 to 3 minutes after sample collection. The instrument is capable of performing up to 20 measurements per hour. A minimum sample volume of 50 mul is needed. Except for the injection of the sample, all steps of the measurement are automated. The instrument is easy to operate and can also be used by nontechnical staff. PMID- 1128305 TI - Approximate identification and digital simulation of the respiration--heart-rate system. AB - This paper considers the problem of determining a digital computer model for the heart-rate system that includes nonrespiratory as well as respiratory effects on the heart rate. A sampled-data model is shown to be exact in certain cases and can be used with some errors for other cases. Several methods are developed for finding the model transfer function parameters as well as the parameters of a signal added to the system output. Linear and nonlinear models are considered. PMID- 1128306 TI - A new technique for monitoring spontaneous respiration. PMID- 1128307 TI - Temperature-dependent characteristics of Teflon membranes used in mass spectrometry. AB - In vitro information is provided on the gas partial pressure/temperature relationship and on the membrane permeability/temperature relationship, when a special type of Teflon membrane is used with a mass spectrometer. Monitored pressures of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide in an equilibrating gas mixture decreased with stepwise decreases in temperature from 37 to 18 degrees C. Permeability of membranes to all gases also decreased with decreasing temperature. Observed partial pressure changes were apparently due to temperature induced changes in Teflon membrane permeability characteristics. PMID- 1128308 TI - An ordinary membrane oxygenator for ex vivo perfusion of small organs. PMID- 1128309 TI - Automated system for measurement of mechanics of breathing. AB - We describe a complete automated system for measurement of total respiratory resistance and compliance, and of pulmonary resistance and compliance in humans and anesthetized animals. The device for testing the chest-lung system consists of a sinusoidal pump with a stroke adjustable from 20 ml to 600 ml over a cycling frequency of 0.3 to 30 Hz. Pressure and flow or volume are inputted into an analog network for wave shaping, then to an arithmetic unit composed of sample and-hold amplifiers, peak, minimum and zero detecting circuits, an analog division circuit, and a digital logic processor. The computer takes the peak-to peak amplitude of one of two sinusoidal inputs at 0.3 to 10 Hz and the corresponding amplitude of the other input in the presence of a.c. noise and d.c. shifts, divides one into the other, and displays an answer on a digital voltmeter. In addition, the analog output is displayed on the cathode-ray tube of a storage oscilloscope. Plots of total resistance and pulmonary resistance are recorded as a function of lung volume in both humans inspiring voluntarily as well as anesthetized dogs inflated by positive pressure from the test apparatus. Total and pulmonary dynamic compliance, as a function of breathing frequency, can only be measured by the computer if a symmetrical waveform is presented to it. This cannot be achieved in spontaneously breathing subjects but is accomplished in apneic animals by producing sinusoidal oscillations from the test apparatus. Our on-line method for measurement of total respiratory resistance is now used in the Clinical Pulmonary Laboratory for experimental work, and we are in the process of obtaining values in normal subjects. PMID- 1128310 TI - A simulator for teaching electrical safety procedures in the hospital. AB - The dangers of accidental electrocution in the hospital, especially in the intensive care and coronary care units, have recently received much attention. The most important step in reducing such dangers is the proper training of hospital personnel in appropriate safety procedures. As a teaching aid for the training of V.A. personnel, a Simulator of Assorted Hazardous Malfunctions in Electrical Equipment (SAHMEE) was developed. With this simulator, safety hazards that might exist in a hospital environment can be shown, as well as the effects of electrical shock on a patient, and the effectiveness of various safety measures. PMID- 1128311 TI - Nonelectric remote television listening and control device for electrically susceptible patients. PMID- 1128312 TI - An inspection procedure for hospital room electrical systems. PMID- 1128314 TI - Notice of availability of electrical safety standard. PMID- 1128313 TI - A new electrical hazard associated with the electrocautery. PMID- 1128315 TI - FDA regulatory standards: the development/concensus process. PMID- 1128316 TI - Board of Examiners initiates clinical engineering certification program. PMID- 1128317 TI - An on-line system for measurement of opacity pulse propagation times in atraumatic screening of patients for occlusive vascular disease. AB - Measurement of opacity pulse propagation times to internal and external carotid vascular beds of the face and to upper extremities on either side of the body is a useful atraumatic method of screening patients for extracranial cerebrovascular disease. We describe a system for rapid measurement and on-line presentation of pulse propagation times that improves upon factors of measurement accuracy and time required to perform the procedure that had previously limited the clinical application of the method. Pulse propagation measurements evaluating common carotid, internal carotid, external carotid, and subclavian arteries can be carried out and results obtained in 10 to 15 minutes using this system. Correlations of data obtained with the system with results of four vessel angiography in patients are presented. PMID- 1128318 TI - The Sixth Arthur C. Beall, Jr., M.D., Commemorative Lecture: Whither progress? PMID- 1128319 TI - Dispersion-casting thin and ultrathin fabric-reinforced silicone rubber membrane for use in the membrane lung. AB - Pinholes in thin silicone rubber membrane have previously been traced to undispersed silica filer aggregates within the silicone rubber. This was overcome by centrifuging the dispersion to remove the aggregates prior to membrane fabrication. Thin (less than 75 mu) and ultra-thin (less than 25 mum) membrane could then be dispersion-cast. To facilitate handling and to increase mixing of blood in the membrane lung, it is often desirable to reinforce the silicone rubber membrane with fabric. Unfortunately, this process frequently introduces pinholes of its own. We have found than pinhole-free fabric-reinforced silicone rubber membrane can consistently be produced by the double-layer casting technique. First, the dispersion is cast onto aluminum foil, solvent evaporated, and partially cured. A second layer is next cast on top of it, followed by fabric. After solvent evaporation, final cure is under nitrogen using organic peroxide catalysts. This technique has permitted us to consistently cast strong pinhole-free membranes as thin as 9 mu. PMID- 1128320 TI - The coiled envelope-a disposable insert for coil dialysis. AB - The coiled envelope, a disposable pre-sterilized insert for coil dialysis, and its associated hardware were developed. In vitro and in vivo characterizations of the dialyzer were carried out and clinical dialyses performed. Clinical studies show the efficacy of the device and indicate advantages in its design. The dialyzer can be assembled in less than 5 minutes. The blood fluid path materials are replaceable in the coiled envelope kidney and can be certified sterile and pyrogen-free for each dialysis. This is a distinct advantage over the reuse of commercial dialyzers which can not be certified after their initial use. The disposable insert could be made available for patient use at a cost about one half that of present commercial dialyzers. PMID- 1128321 TI - A method for the in vitro measurement of tensions of blood gases with a mass spectrometer. AB - A specially designed cuvette with an in vivo catheter allows the in vitro measurement of gas tensions in heparinized samples of blood with a mass spectrometer. Approximately 1.5 cc of blood is required, half of which is used to clear the dead space of the cuvette. The partial pressures of oxygen (P-o2) and of carbon dioxide (Pco2) of arterial and venous samples obtained from the catheterized femoral arteries and veins of 10 mongrel dogs were measured with the mass spectometer and with a conventional pH/gass analyzer. Good agreement was obtained between the two methods. The range of validation for P-o2 was between 35 and 100 mmHg; for P-co2 it was between 20 and 88 mmHg. Depletion, temperature control, flow dependency, and calibration problems are discussed. PMID- 1128322 TI - Continuous in vivo assessment of arteriovenous oxygen difference utilizing a fiberoptic catheter oximeter. PMID- 1128323 TI - Nondestructive measurements of the properties of healing burn scars. AB - A testing protocol and the requisite instrumentation have been developed to nondestructively monitor the temporal and mechanical properties of maturing scar. The maturing scar can become progressively and unpredictably adherent or contractured, producing varying degrees of functional impairment. By plotting these mechanical changes as a temporal function of limb motion history, more accurate prediction and control of the ultimate scarring may result. These same techniques could also be used to study normal skin aging. Extrapolation could be made to connective tissue scars in tendons, ligaments, and other structural elements. Scar contractures may develop slowly along lines of tension or areas of maximum skin defect in large maturing scars once the patient has recovered sufficiently to exercise the underlying joints. Since the present endeavor to monitor potential contractures requires measurement of the "in-plane" stresses and strains, we have chosen to utilize an in situ strip biaxial test configuration. PMID- 1128324 TI - The detection of nasal emission in patients with rhinophonia by noninvasive electrometric means. PMID- 1128325 TI - Flow-volume curve time-marker generator. PMID- 1128326 TI - A data communication system for interactive linking of remote computer and laboratory. PMID- 1128327 TI - AAMI state of the union message. PMID- 1128328 TI - Standards-their impact upon the economics of instrumentation development. AB - The potential impact of the medical device amendments bill pending before Congress is analyzed in terms of its possible effects on 27 specific biomedical instrumentation and equipment markets. Characteristics, business opportunities, and growth potentials are evaluated for three tiers of device manufacturers, resulting in the development of several scenarios. The "most likely" scenario, according to the author, will result in strong growth for biomedical equipment and device markets but an uneven effect upon market participants. PMID- 1128329 TI - Rationalization of standards for medical devices-Part 1. AB - Current practices for preparing standards in general-and standards for medical devices, instruments, and products in particular-are too slow, too expensive, and too cumbersome. There is a need, therefore, for establishing administrative mechanisms to expedite standards preparation. This paper addresses some administrative, conceptual, and methodological aspects of standards preparation and suggests actions that might contribute to improvements in the effectiveness of standards and in the methods of their preparation. PMID- 1128330 TI - AAMI Standards Committee activities. PMID- 1128331 TI - Editorial: "Doctors and other professions". PMID- 1128332 TI - The management of delirium tremens. PMID- 1128333 TI - Editorial: Where do all the doctors go? PMID- 1128334 TI - Letter: Lithium-induced tremor. PMID- 1128335 TI - Letter: Possible ineffective use of cholestyramine. PMID- 1128336 TI - Editorial: Meningococcal Septicaemia. PMID- 1128337 TI - Family liberation. PMID- 1128338 TI - Editorial:: The hayden health scheme: why and why not? PMID- 1128340 TI - Editorial: Chorioretinal lesions predisposing to retinal detachment. PMID- 1128339 TI - Editorial: Alcohol abuse in an aboriginal community. PMID- 1128341 TI - Relaxation therapy in migraine and chronic tension headache. PMID- 1128342 TI - A practical system of computerized medical records for documentation and decision making in the coronary care ward. PMID- 1128343 TI - Hypoparathyroidism and other endocrine dysfunction complicating thalassaemia major. PMID- 1128344 TI - Some aspects of the management of hypertension II. Special considerations. PMID- 1128345 TI - Children are a common source of respiratory infection for adults. PMID- 1128346 TI - Chemical profiles and clinical diagnoses. PMID- 1128347 TI - Letter: The inhibition of synovial fluid polysaccharidases by gold sodium thiomalate. PMID- 1128348 TI - Letter: Side effects of oral contraceptives. PMID- 1128349 TI - Letter: The "hospitalization syndrome". PMID- 1128350 TI - Letter: Coeliac disease. PMID- 1128351 TI - Editorial: New Australian radiation laboratory. PMID- 1128352 TI - Editorial: Irradiated human populations. PMID- 1128353 TI - Editorial: IMPACT: seat belt performance in traffic creashes. PMID- 1128354 TI - Human snake bite victims: the successful detection of circulating snake venom by radiommunoassay,. AB - A new solid-phase radioimmunoassay has been developed which allows positive identification of the type of snake venom in human tissue and fluids and its accurate quantitation. Tiger snake venom at a level of 210 ng/ml was detected post mortem in the serum of a child, and brown snake venom was detected in two adults bitten by unidentified snakes. Apart from forensic applications, the assay will be useful in studying clinical aspects of envenomation and the use of antivenenes. PMID- 1128355 TI - Treatment of snake bite in Australia. Some observations and recommendations. AB - Amongst snake bite deaths in Australia there are a number which could be considered as avoidable. Prompt and adequate administration of the appropriate antivenene, when indicated, combined with a more intensive surveillance of snake bite victims, would decrease the number of fatalities. PMID- 1128356 TI - The effect of chest physiotherapy upon the FEV1 in chronic bronchitis. AB - Chest physiotherapy, including posturing the patient head downwards while the chest is percussed and vibrated, was used in the treatment of patients with an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. In seven patients the mean FEV declined from 1.38 litres plus or minus 0.39 to 1.25 litres plus or minus 0.37 after postural drainage and percussion (P less than 0.001). Twenty minutes later the FEV rose to 1.37 litres plus or minus 0.33. The mean decline in the FEV1 was prevented by prior administration of salbutamol. The fall in the FEV1 did not occur in 10 patients who received the postural tipping without chest percussion. Also it was not induced by coughing every two minutes during posturing. It was considered that the fall in FEV1 after chest physiotherapy was due to bronchoconstriction caused by the chest percussion or vibration, particularly in patients with bronchoconstriction under basal conditions. The induced bronchoconstriction counter-balanced any improvement of the FEV due to freeing the airways of sputum, but in two patients with moderate to copious sputum an improvement of the FEV1 was repeatedly obtained in measurements made 20 minutes after the physiotherapy when the bronchoconstriction had presumably subsided. Although the immediate decline in FEV1 was not large, it is considered inadvisable to employ chest percussion and vibration in sick patients unless a bronchodilator is administered previously. PMID- 1128357 TI - Unusual chromosomal changes in polycythaemia vera. AB - Of 13 cases of polycythaemia vera in which direct bone marrow culture was carried out for chromosome analysis, a consistent count of 48 chromosomes was found in two on admission to the hospital. Neither patient showed evidence of blastic transformation. PMID- 1128358 TI - The prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynaecology. Are they living up to expectations?.. PMID- 1128359 TI - Letter: Cleft lip and palate and pregnancy tests. PMID- 1128360 TI - Letter: Improved labelling of chemicals. PMID- 1128361 TI - Letter: The paraquat puzzle. PMID- 1128362 TI - Aboriginal communities in remote Australia. Health care delivery--a doctor's role. PMID- 1128364 TI - Health education as a means of improving aboriginal health. A study of the nurse's role. PMID- 1128363 TI - A longitudinal study of parasite infections in 120 Queensland aboriginal infants. PMID- 1128366 TI - Editorial: Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. PMID- 1128365 TI - Editorial: The training of physicians and surgeons. PMID- 1128367 TI - Developments that affect postgraduate surgical education. PMID- 1128368 TI - Tuberculous meningitis in childhood. AB - The 43 cases of tuberculous meningitis treated at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, over the 15-year period from January, 1954, to December, 1969, are reviewed in detail. With "triple drug" antituberculosis therapy, 19 patients made a full recovery and seven died. Of the other 17, 11 had major permanent sequelae. There was a strong correlation between the patient's state of consciousness at the time antituberculosis therapy was commenced and the ultimate result. Suggestions are made on how the mortality and morbidity can be reduced. PMID- 1128369 TI - Starch peritonitis--a hazard of surgical glove powder. AB - Starch peritonitis, a granulomatous reacton to surgical glove powder, is reported in four patients. The condition presents as a well defined clinical syndrome, and should perferably be diagnosed clinically to avoid reoperation and the risk of introduction of more starch. Studies show that a mean of 107 mg of starch per pair is present on the outside of Austrailn-made surgical gloves. It is suggested that gloves be rinsed and dried before operation and it is recommended that a warning to this effect be printed on glove packets. PMID- 1128370 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis following ampicillin hypersensitivity. AB - A case of acute anuric renal failure following hypersensitivity to ampicillin is presented. Renal biopsy showed severe interstitial nephritis. Treatment with prednisolone and heparin, together with supportive measures and peritoneal dialysis, was followed by rapid recovery of renal function. It is concluded that hypersensitivity to ampicillin can cause acute interstitial nephritis, analogous to that seen with penicillin and methicillin. PMID- 1128371 TI - Care and management of patients in respiratory failure. PMID- 1128372 TI - Geochemistry and multiple sclerosis: a hypothesis. AB - A hypothesis is presented and evidence is adduced to show that high-risk areas of multiple sclerosis are related to the ability of the soils of the locality to obtain and fix molybdenum perferentially to copper. Soil conditons capable of such partition are known to be present characteristically in cool temperate zones and are significantly present in acid podsols of these regions. On the other hand, under tropical and subtropical conditions, molybdenum is normally highly mobile and leached from the environment. Copper may also be leached but can accumulate in caliche deposits. This hypothesis is notopposed to the theory of a viral aetology of multiple sclerosis, but rather seeks to show that certain individuals, if exposed to trace element imbalance at a critical period in life, may be rendered susceptible to a slow virus infection. PMID- 1128373 TI - Letter: Dalkon shield and septic abortion. PMID- 1128375 TI - Letter: The "phony war" in aboriginal health. PMID- 1128374 TI - Letter: Higher incidence of children ingesting sodium hydroxide. PMID- 1128376 TI - Family planning among aborigines. PMID- 1128377 TI - Attitudes to family planning in an aboriginal rural community before the development of a family planning service. PMID- 1128378 TI - Family planning in a part-aboriginal community, 1970 to 1973. PMID- 1128379 TI - The social psychology of family planning in a part-aboriginal rural community, 1970 to 1973. PMID- 1128380 TI - Aboriginal health on Mornington Island, 1972. PMID- 1128381 TI - Editorial: The changing emphasis in nutrition. PMID- 1128382 TI - A study of career preferences among medical students at Monash University, 0968 to 1970. PMID- 1128383 TI - A coronary care ambulance controlled by radio telemetry. PMID- 1128384 TI - The functioning of a children's hospital casualty department. PMID- 1128385 TI - Nutrition 1. What this series is about. PMID- 1128386 TI - Letter: Gout. PMID- 1128387 TI - Editorial: Counselling for darwin evacuees. PMID- 1128388 TI - Vasectomy: follow up of 831 cases. PMID- 1128389 TI - Alcoholism and drug dependence--a survey of general practitioners' opinions. PMID- 1128390 TI - Uses and abuses of electrotherapy. PMID- 1128391 TI - Letter: Addition of drugs to intravenous fluids. PMID- 1128392 TI - Letter: Barton's forceps. PMID- 1128393 TI - Letter: Automated routine platelet counts. PMID- 1128394 TI - Letter: Lead concentration in blood of children (and some adults) of Southern Tasmania. PMID- 1128395 TI - Letter: Lithium-induced tremor. PMID- 1128396 TI - Letter: Metastatic melanoma presenting as an intussusception of the colon. PMID- 1128397 TI - Editorial: Analgesic nephropathy: some unsolved problems. PMID- 1128398 TI - Editorial: Morbidity in the community. PMID- 1128399 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate. Trial of a new inhalational steroid preparation in the treatment of steroid-dependent chronic asthmatics. PMID- 1128400 TI - Renal papillary necrosis in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1128401 TI - The failure of high doses of aspirin to produce renal lesions in pigs. PMID- 1128402 TI - Risk of rubella in pregnancy. PMID- 1128403 TI - Nutrition 2. Food in the seventies--choosing an adequate diet. PMID- 1128404 TI - Morbidity monitoring in general practice. A pilot scheme in central New South Wales. PMID- 1128405 TI - Letter: Hypertension. PMID- 1128406 TI - Letter: Bromide abuse. PMID- 1128407 TI - Letter: Eead and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 1128408 TI - Editorial: The human ecology of the arid zone. PMID- 1128409 TI - Triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 1128410 TI - Clumsy children in normal schools. PMID- 1128411 TI - Oesophageal ulceration associated with doxycycline therapy. PMID- 1128412 TI - Letter: Glucose levels and time of day. PMID- 1128413 TI - Letter: The management of gas gangrene. PMID- 1128414 TI - Letter: The significance of sensitivity tests of Staph aureus to cephaloridine. PMID- 1128415 TI - Letter: Lithium-induced tremor. PMID- 1128416 TI - Editorial: The medical journal of australia. PMID- 1128417 TI - Editorial: Trabeculectomy. PMID- 1128418 TI - A survey of drug use in a part-aboriginal community. PMID- 1128419 TI - Upper dorsal sympathectomy. PMID- 1128420 TI - Nutrition 3. The role of the dietitian/nutritionist. PMID- 1128421 TI - University Department of Community Practice: a discussion paper. Committee on Health Careers (Personnel and Training), Hospitals and Health Services Commission, Canberra. PMID- 1128422 TI - Letter: Addition of drugs to intravenous fluids. PMID- 1128423 TI - Letter: Higher incidence of children ingesting sodium hydroxide. PMID- 1128425 TI - Letter: Whiplash injury or homage to Minerva. PMID- 1128424 TI - Letter: Side benefits of the pill. PMID- 1128426 TI - [Interaction between alcohol and drugs (author's transl)]. AB - The interaction of ethanol with drugs becomes more and more important because of a constant increase of the consumption of both. While most of the commonly used drugs do not alter the elimination of alcohol there exist a number of drugs which influence the degradation of ethanol by inhibition of the acetaldehyddehydrogenase. In combination with alcohol these drugs lead to an antabus-like reaction. In respect to the influence of ethanol on the metabolic degradation of drugs it must be destinguished between acute and chronic effects of alcohol. Upon acute influence of ethanol we observe an increased efficiency of many drugs. Chronical influence of ethanol on the other hand leads to a reduced action of drugs by enzyme inhibition. Besides the interaction on the level of biotransformation the interaction on the receptor-level is important. This mechanism especially leads to an increased efficiency of drugs which influence the central-nervous system. PMID- 1128427 TI - [Course of the disease]. PMID- 1128429 TI - [Letter: Therapy of hemochromatosis]. PMID- 1128428 TI - [Medical measures in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: extended ABC of first aid. Experience of the Emergency Medical Service of Professional Fire-brigade in Munich]. PMID- 1128430 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hypertension. Basic programm for the practice]. PMID- 1128431 TI - [1000 selective coronary angiographies (method of Sones) (author's transl)]. AB - Complications during and after performance of selective coronary angiography are reported from the first 1000 patients examined in Frankfurt. All examinations were done according to the method of Sones after preparation of the right brachial artery. There was no lethal complication. The following serious complications were observed: infarction 2, oedema of the lung 6, ventricular fibrillation 13, severe bradycardia and temporary cardiac arrest 29, incompatibility of contrast medium 8. Complications concerning the used peripheral artery were very rare. Quantitative measurement of the blood flow in the forearm of patients did not show any decrease in maximal blood flow under exercise after arteriotomy in relation to the flow in the other arm of the patients. In about 98% of all cases the selective angiography of both the right and the left coronary artery was successful. The conclusion is that selective coronary arteriography with the Sones-technic is a reliable way of examining the coronary arteries with a very low complication rate if it is performed by two well trained cardiologists with experience and knowledge about the method and its possible complications. PMID- 1128432 TI - [News from the control of thoughts]. PMID- 1128433 TI - [Evaluation of knee joint scintigrams]. PMID- 1128434 TI - [Surgical treatment of the knee joint in chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 1128435 TI - [Budd-Chiari's disease. Symptomatology in a young woman with posthepatic block]. PMID- 1128437 TI - [Obligation to inform the patient in peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 1128436 TI - [Serum lipids: III. Methods of demonstration]. PMID- 1128439 TI - Plastic containers for intravenous solutions. PMID- 1128438 TI - Drugs for athletic injuries. PMID- 1128440 TI - Clonidine (Catapres) for hypertension. PMID- 1128441 TI - Halcinonide (Halog)--another new topical steroid. PMID- 1128442 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis for orthopedic operations. PMID- 1128443 TI - Lipid-lowering drugs. PMID- 1128444 TI - Oral theophylline drugs for asthma. PMID- 1128445 TI - Dopamine for treatment of shock. PMID- 1128446 TI - Traction for neck and low-back disorders. PMID- 1128447 TI - Cu-7, a copper-containing IUD. PMID- 1128448 TI - Ocusert. PMID- 1128449 TI - Drug-induced bone marrow depression. PMID- 1128450 TI - Mebendazole--a new anthelmintic. PMID- 1128451 TI - Adverse effects of minocycline. PMID- 1128453 TI - Production of potent salmonella H antisera by immunization with flagellae, isolated by immunosorption. AB - For serotyping Salmonella H sera should exhibit a high H titer and preferably a low O titer which does not interfere with the H slide agglutination at the working dilution of the serum. By conventional immunization with motile bacteria OH sera are always produced. We isolated flagellae from highly motile Salmonella cultures, which were detached from the bacterial cells by a waring blendor, with an immunosorbent, i.e. cyanobromide-activated Sepharose to which the respective anti H antibody was coupled. The desorption of the flagella from the immunosorbent was done by lowering the pH to 2.3 with glycine-HC1 buffer. 4.2 mg of flagellar protein were recovered from 20 agar swarm plates. 10 mug of the antigen incorporated into complete Freund adjuvant was found to immunize a rabbit successfully. The H titers varied from 10,000-160,000 and the majority of the O titers did not exceed 160. Only one immunosorbent was necessary to isolate a group of related H antigens (i.e., lv, lw, lz13, lz28). After regeneration the immunosorbent can be reused many times. PMID- 1128452 TI - Studies on the immunochemistry of Staphylococcus aureus cell wall: antigenicity of pentaglycine bridges. AB - The specific antigenicity of pentaglycine bridges in cell walls of S. aureus was investigated. The antistaphylococcal sera (against 11 Oeding strains of S. aureus) were found to contain antibodies of two different specificities against polyglycyl peptides; one type reacted with polyglycyl peptides with a free amino terminus and the other with polyglycyl peptides with a free carboxyl terminus. These antibodies were assayed by passive hemagglutination with tanned sheep red cells sensitized with N-polyglycyl-BSA (containing polyglycyl peptides with a free amino terminus) or with C-poe antibodies against N-polyglycyl peptides were absorbed by S. aureus strains and by S. epidermidis. Heterologous bacterial species failed to absorb antibodies of either specificity. Antibodies against polyglycyl peptides were used to confirm the mechanism of action of penicillin on S. aureus cell wall. PMID- 1128454 TI - Absolute kilovoltage calibration of a diagnostic x-ray generator. AB - A method for absolute calibration of diagnostic x-ray generators is presented and discussed. The method employs a Ge(Li) detector and relies on the direct observation of the onset of fluorescence radiation from scattering foils placed in the primary beam. PMID- 1128455 TI - Remote measurement of fluid volume by x-ray fluorescence. AB - A technique utilizing x-ray fluorescence has been used to measure remotely the volume and, thereby, the hydrostatic pressure of a cesium nitrate solution in vitro. The excitation radiation source was 99m-Tc, and the x-ray spectra were measured with a sodium iodide spectrometry system. This technique may be applicable to long term in vivo measurements of intracranial pressure for conditions such as hydrocephalus. PMID- 1128456 TI - Edge sharpness and enhancement of electron radiographs (ERGs) produced with powder cloud development. AB - Much renewed interest has developed in electrostatic imaging systems. This is partly because of their use of relatively inexpensive materials and their potential for improved diagnostic accuracy--a novel combination of image latitude with great detail contrast. All such systems can exhibit these image characteristics when developed by the generally used "powder cloud" technique or some similar partial development system. We have measured edge sharpness and enhancement of electron radiographs (ERGs) produced with the powder cloud technique. Edge sharpness can be excellent at low image-density levels, but deteriorates with increasing density. Edge enhancement is also appreciable; it appears to decrease somewhat with increasing image density, but no simple relationship has yet been shown. PMID- 1128457 TI - Hidden-part suppression on three-dimensional plots. AB - The conceptual and mathematical description of a method to draw a three dimensional histographic surface in oblique projection, with the drawing of hidden parts suppressed, is given. PMID- 1128458 TI - Treatment planning with a graphics tablet. AB - A graphics-tablet treatment planning system is described. The cost effectiveness of this approach is especially attractive where time-sharing use of a central computer facility is available. PMID- 1128459 TI - Computerized therapy registry: the Mayo Clinic experience. AB - Establishing a computerized tumor registry involves careful consideration of a number of factors. Included in this consideration are the cost of both software and hardware, the type and selection of data needed, and the ongoing cost of the program. A representative listing of the data to be collected for the radiotherapy tumor registry is included. PMID- 1128460 TI - Penetration quality measurement for standardization of radiographic image quality. AB - Interchange or transfer of radiographic techniques through measurement of penetration quality is discussed. The usefulness of this achievement is verified using an aluminum step wedge. Also, the procedure described provides a method for performance evaluation of kVp compensation on diagnostic x-ray installations. PMID- 1128461 TI - [Congenital hypoplastic thrombocytopenia. Description of 2 cases with bilateral aplasia of the radius]. PMID- 1128462 TI - [Platelet adhesiveness in the newborn]. PMID- 1128463 TI - [Functional changes in the platelets in 3 subjects with Fanconi's anemia]. PMID- 1128464 TI - [Behavior of immunoglobulins in infantile eczema]. PMID- 1128465 TI - [Thrombocytopenia in viral diseases]. PMID- 1128466 TI - [Immunoglobulins and thrombopenia]. PMID- 1128467 TI - [Thrombopenia and acute hemolytic anemia in the course of poliomyelitis vaccination]. PMID- 1128468 TI - [Myocardial ischemia during microdrepanocytosis. Report of a case in a 12-year old girl]. PMID- 1128469 TI - [Ivemark's syndrome]. PMID- 1128470 TI - [Normal and immature newborn infants in the Neonatal Division of the Perugia Polyclinic. Clinical and hematochemical correlations]. PMID- 1128471 TI - [Clinical and serological observations on 10 cases of neuraxitis caused by measles]. PMID- 1128472 TI - [Statistico-clinical data on children with rheumatic disease treated in the Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica dell' Universita di Napoli in the 5-year period of 1963-1969]. PMID- 1128473 TI - [Isoenzymes of beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase in leukocytes]. PMID- 1128474 TI - [Angiotensin I and II in children. Radioimmunological determination]. PMID- 1128475 TI - [Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Description of a case in an 11-year old child]. PMID- 1128476 TI - [Typhoid infection. Evaluation of the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethozazole in cases during, the 2-year period of 1970-1972]. PMID- 1128477 TI - [Viral hepatitis. Cases treated in the period between November 1966 and August 1972]. PMID- 1128478 TI - [Aneurysmal cysts in the infantile age. Radiological considerations]. PMID- 1128479 TI - [A case of metachromatic leukodystrophy]. PMID- 1128480 TI - [Treatment of newborn infants with respiratory distress in the intensive care unit of the Istituto Clinico di Puericultura of the University of Bologna]. PMID- 1128481 TI - [Pituitary dwarfism in 2 twins]. PMID- 1128482 TI - [Bronchial changes in the course of cystic fibrosis. Radiological study]. PMID- 1128483 TI - [Clinical and psychopathological aspects of Batten-Mayou disease (longitudinal study of a case)]. PMID- 1128484 TI - [Biliary calculosis and calcareous bile in childhood]. PMID- 1128485 TI - [The treatment of lactose intolerance with lactase]. PMID- 1128486 TI - Staphylococcal empyema in childhood. PMID- 1128487 TI - Presacral dermoid cyst. PMID- 1128488 TI - B-scan ultrasound in ophthalmology. PMID- 1128489 TI - Ammoniated mercury ointment and the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 1128490 TI - Editorials: Shigellosis. PMID- 1128491 TI - Editorials: Gallium-67 scanning for tumor diagnosis. PMID- 1128492 TI - Editorials: Diagnostic approach to renovascular hypertension. PMID- 1128493 TI - Minnesota health department. Epidemic shigellosis in Minnesota 1973. PMID- 1128494 TI - The challenges of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1128495 TI - Cervical spinal cord trauma. Case reports. PMID- 1128496 TI - Education for the leukemia patient. PMID- 1128497 TI - Chronic arsenic poisoning--an elusive and costly problem. Case reports. PMID- 1128498 TI - Concealed conduction in a case of Lev's disease. Case report. PMID- 1128499 TI - The newer cephalosporins. PMID- 1128500 TI - Hypoglycemic migraine. PMID- 1128501 TI - The interaction of histones with native and denatured DNA. AB - A description is provided for the effects of various concentrations of NaCl, MgC12, and urea on the precipitation of native and denatured DNA by histones. The solubility of complexes between total histones and fractions F1, F2a, F2b, and F3 with denatured and partially denatured DNA was greater than that of the complexes between histones and native DNA. The complexes formed between histones and denatured DNA were soluble in excess histones, unlike those formed between histones and native DNA. Electrophoresis of the individual histone fractions through a polyacrylamide gel layer containing DNA led to the determination of the amount of histones bound to native and denatured DNA under conditions of saturation (0.04 ionic strength). It was established that 1 mug of native DNA binds 2.4, 2.8, and 2.5 mug of histones F1, F2a, F2b and F3, respectively. The denatured DNA binds 1.4-1.5 times less of each histone fraction than does native DNA, but the binding seems stronger. It has been demonstrated that the histones inhibit to a lesser extent the template activity of denatured and partially denatured (about 5% disruption of hydrogen bonds) DNA in comparison with native DNA in an RNA polymerase system. It has been suggested that the properties of the complexes formed between histones and denatured or partially denatured DNA, may underlie the control mechanism for genome activity in the cells of higher organisms. PMID- 1128502 TI - Renaturation of DNA from ultrasonically fragmented chromatin. AB - The rates of renaturation of ultrasonically treated DNA, isolated from fragments of rat liver chromatin, were compared. Chromatographic fractionation on hydroxylapatite was used to fractionate the denatured and renatured DNAs. It was shown that DNA fraction 1 renatures considerably faster than fraction 2. The results are compared with previously published data on the specificity coefficient of DNA, the content of basic amino acids and alkali-labile phosphorus of the protein in the corresponding fragments of the chromatin. The possible functional role of these fragments in the genome is discussed. PMID- 1128503 TI - The structure of hydrophobic cores of globins. AB - The contacts between bulky hydrophobic side chains (Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Phe, Tyr, and Trp) were studied in five globins with known three-dimensional structures. It is shown that a large majority of these side chains participate in such contacts, where most often one side chain makes contact with two to four nearby side chains. The "recognition element" of a helical region is most often a pair of bulky hydrophobic side chains belinging to neighboring turns of an alpha-helix. Such pairs most often make contact with bulky hydrophobic side chains brought in from the outside. An analysis is made of contacts between the hydrophobic side chains common to all five globins. It is shown that as a rule the most intense contacts in each globin are also common to the five globins. The role of these invariant contacts in the formation of the tertiary structure of globin molecules is considered. A suggestion is made that the apoglobin molecule consists of independently self-organizing halves, the internal structure of which is less subject to fluctuation than their mutual arrangement. PMID- 1128504 TI - The formation of a complex between the membrane structures of the mitochondria and DNA of nonmitochondrial origin. AB - The ability of decomposed rat liver mitochondria, stripped of their outer membrane (fracton C) to bind 14C-DNA of phage T4 was demonstrated. The bound phage DNA is 10-15% resistant to treatment of fraction C with DNAase I. Treatment of fraction C with sarcosyl (final concentration 0.1%) and centrifugation in a linear sucrose gradient (20-50%) permits the detection of a label in the Mt-DNA membrane complex, isolated at 35% sucrose. Further fractionation of the membrane complex on sepharose 4 B promotes the detection of the label in "elementary particles of transcription" [1], structural units of the inner membrane, containing specific centers for binding to DNA. The centers of binding of the elementary particles of transcription possess greatest affinity for Mt-DNA; however, they are also capable of binding DNA of various origin (both the DNA of eucaryotes and that of procaryotes). The significance of fixation of DNA of nonmitochondrial origin by the membrane structures of the mitochondria is discussed. PMID- 1128505 TI - The presence of an endonuclease acting on UV-irradiated and depurinized DNA in cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. AB - Enzymatic activity, hydrolyzing DNA treated with beta-isopropyl-bis-beta chloroethylamine (HN2-DNA), HN2-DNA exposed at 50 degrees for 1 h, and DNA treated with acid, to acid-soluble fragments was found in extracts from cells of M. lysodeikticus. The endonucleolytic component ofthe indicated activity manifests chromatographic properties on DEAE- and CM-cellulose, close to those for UV-endonuclease. Activity is manifested by UV-irradiated DNA, proflavin, and cyanide. Two electrophoretically homogeneous fractions of UV-endonuclease (after chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose), with molecular weights about 13,000 and 15,000 daltons, exhibit endonucleolytic activity with respect to HN2-DNA, exposed at 50 degrees for 1 h, and with respect to "acid" DNA, treated for 6 min at 70 degrees in citrate buffer, pH 3.5. The activity with respect to the latter substrate is competitively suppressed by UV-irradiated DNA. The most probable substrate of UV-endonuclease, in addition to cyclobutane dimers, is the depurinized region of DNA. PMID- 1128506 TI - A study of the mechanism of action of phosphorylase B using isotope-labelled substrates. AB - We have measured the alpha-deuterium and alpha-tritium secondary kinetic isotope effects on the synthesis and phosphorolysis of glycogen catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase B (EC 2.4.1.1). The isotope-labeled substrates glucose-1T-1 phosphate and 1C14-glucose-1D-1-phosphate were used in the experiments, together with 6T-glucose-1-phosphate and C14-glucose-1-phosphate as controls. Measurement by the double label technique showed that both effects studied were equal to zero within the limits of experimental error. The possible mechanism of action of phosphorylase B is discussed. PMID- 1128507 TI - Bouyant density of the DNA of sea urchin embryos at different stages of development. AB - Preparations of high-molecular nuclear DNA were obtained from embroys of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis at the stages of early and late blastula, gastrula, and pluteus. In an equilibrium cesium chloride density gradient, these preparations exhibit a single narrow symmetrical band at 1.695 1.703 g/cm3 with a maximum at l.699 plus or minus 0.001 g/cm3 and do not contain satellite components. Nuclear DNA of embroys at the stage of 128 blastomeres (morula), which has a molecular weight of 10-6, exhibits a single broad symmetrical band at 1.690-1.710 g/cm3 with a maximum at 1.699 g/cm3 in a density gradient. Fragments of blastula and pluteus DNA obtained as a result of treatment with ultrasound give an analogous distribution. Preparations of total DNA of unfertilized ovicells, total DNA of spermatozoids, and cytoplasmic DNA of the morula contain satellite components with buoyant densities of 1.717-1.725 g/cm3 side by side with the main band. PMID- 1128508 TI - A study of the interaction of oligonucleotides with polynucleotides by the method of equilibrium gel filtration. The effect of magnesium ions and the composition of the oligonucleotides on the stability of the complex. AB - The interaction of the oligonucleotides ApApA, ApApU and ApApC with polyribouridylic acid and of hexariboinosinic acid with and without phosphate near the 3'-end with polyribocytidylic acid was studied by the method of equilibrium gel filtration through Sephadexes. The free energy, the energy and entropy of the complexing were calculated from isotherms of the adsorption of the oligonucleotides on the polynucleotides in relation to the composition of the oligonucleotides and the concentration of magnesium ions in the buffer. It was shown that in the case of the interaction of ApApA and ApApC with poly(U) a perfect triple complex is formed, while in the case of the interaction of ApApU with poly(U) the noncomplementary base is partially displaced from the complex. The free energy of the interaction of neighboring oligonucleotides in a complex with polynucleotides is from --1000 to --3000 cal/mole depending on the type of the complex. It was shown that after the interaction of hexainosinic acid with poly(C) a double complex is formed. The free energy of the interaction of neighboring oligonucleotides in this complex is formed. The free energy of the interaction of neighboring oligonucleotides in this complex is about --1200 cal/mole. Magnesium ions have a different effect on the formation of triple and double complexes in the interaction of oligonucleotides with polynucleotides. PMID- 1128509 TI - Dependence of noncovalent interactions of benzene and adenine rings on distance between them in adenylyl-(5' yields N)-omega-arylalkylamines. AB - A series of adenylyl-(5' yields N)-omega-arylalkylamines, containing from one to six methylene groups in the amino component, was studied by methods of nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism. It was shown that independently of the length of the aliphatic chain of the amine convergence of the adenine and benzene rings and a hydrophobic interaction between them occur. The plane of the benzene ring is inclined toward the adenine ring, which has an anticonformation relative to the ribose. The structure of the intramolecular complex and the energy of the interaction of the aromatic systems of the amine and nucleotide depend on the number of methylene groups in the amino component. Maximum interaction occurs in the presence of two methylene groups; weakening of the interaction occurs with an increase in the chain to four links, which does not change upon further lengthening of the chain. The conformation of adenylyl-(5' yields N)-benzylamine differs from the structure of the other compounds of the series investigated. PMID- 1128510 TI - Diffuse scattering of x rays by polypeptides and proteins in solution. III. Analysis of scattering curve of sperm whale myoglobin. AB - X-ray scattering curves for the sperm whale myoglobin molecule and a model which includes only the helical regions of the polypeptide chain are calculated. The portion of the scattering curve associated with the packing of the helices inside the protein globule is analyzed. The model of the myoglobin molecule is used to investigate the sensitivity of the scattering curve to changes in the mutual packing of the helical regions. PMID- 1128512 TI - Protein composition of nuclear 14 S ribonucleoprotein particles containing poly (A). AB - Nuclear 14 S RNP particles containing poly (A) from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and rat liver were purified by re-sedimentation in sucrose gradients, by Cs2SO4 density gradient centrifugation and by affinity chromatography on a poly (dT)-Sepharose column. Proteins of these RNP particles were electrophoresed in urea and SDS-polyacrylamide gels. RNP particles of ascites carcinoma cells contain two main bands having molecular weights of 51 000 and 69 000 daltons, respectively, and two or three minor components. PMID- 1128511 TI - The action of staphylococcal nuclease (EC-number 3. 1. 4. 7.) on thymus nucleohistone (TNH) and on some nucleoprotamines. AB - The biphasic nature of the time course of the action of staphylococcal nuclease on thymus nucleohistone was confirmed by studying the hydrolysis of this nucleoprotein at various enzyme concentrations. The transition from the rapid first to the sluggish second phase of the time course was particularly distinct at the highest enzyme concentrations. The rapid initial phase of the hydrolysis curve leveled off sharply when between 60 and 65 per cent of the total TNH phosphorus had been converted to acid-soluble phosphorus compounds. The insoluble complexes of TNH with protamines were found to be very resistant against the action of staphylococcal nuclease. The time course of the action of staphylococcal nuclease on a commercial nucleoprotamine of salmon testicles was found to become very sluggish when between 35 and 40 per cent of its total phosphorus had been converted to acid-soluble phosphorus compounds. When nucleoprotamines prepared in the laboratory from the secreted sperm cell suspension of Brown Brook Trout were digested with staphylococcal nuclease, only between 15 and 20 per cent of the total phosphorus were cleaved to acid-soluble phosphorus compounds during the rapid phase of the nuclease action. The respective values for the phosphorus fractions available for magnesium-binding and those susceptible to the rapid cleavage by staphylococcal nuclease were found to be very similar. PMID- 1128513 TI - Secondary structure of pre-mRNA in nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. PMID- 1128514 TI - The separation of rat liver endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - The separation of rat liver endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described. By this method, the proteins of the rough membrane ribosomes could be separated from the other rough membrane proteins. Both rough and smooth membrane fractions contain at least 30 defined membranal proteins. The electro-phoretic patterns of rough and smooth membrane proteins are clearly different. PMID- 1128515 TI - Buoyant density centrifugation of sea urchin embryo chromatin on sucrose-glucose gradient. AB - Unsheared chromatin isolated from sea urchin embryos was submitted to buoyant density centrifugation in sucrose-glucose gradients. The main peak of blastula chromatin was at a density position of 1.299 plus or minus 0.028 plus or minus 0.009 g ml -minus 1 whereas at gastrula stage a shift to a lower bouoyant density position of (1.276 plus or minus 0.021 plus or minus 0.007 g ml minus 1) was observed. Besides the main peak, a small band with a density of 1.18 g ml minus 1 was noticed. The lighter fraction differed from the heavy one in a higher histone to DNA ratio, a lower proportion of the F-1 histone, and a lower nonhistone to DNA ratio. The most pronounced developmental alterations of proteins were observed at the level of nonhistone protein patterns of the light fractions. PMID- 1128516 TI - Different sensitivities of avian- and mammalian-haemoglobin synthesis to elevated temperatures. AB - Avian- and mammalian-haemoglobin synthesis show different sensitivities to elevated temperatures. Temperature-dependent, reversible polyribosome disaggregation in avian cells occurs only at 45 degrees C, which is 3 degrees higher than the temperature for mammalian cells, and seems to be due to a block in the initiation of new polypeptide chains. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 1128517 TI - The in vitro reconstitution of a functional rough membrane active in protein synthesis. AB - Rough endoplasmic reticulum was reconstituted from free polyribosomes and rough membrane stripped from its ribosomes by KCl and puromycin. The reconstituted rough membrane resembled the native rough membrane in the following aspects: RNA/protein ratio, buoyant density in a continuous sucrose gradient, amino acid incorporation capacity and sensitivity towards protein synthesis inhibitors. When the reconstitution was done with double labelled polyribosomes ([32-P] polyribosomes, [3-H] leucine labelling of nascent peptide chain before or after the attachment of the polyribosomes to the membrane) both labels banded together with the reconstituted rough membrane band. Hybrid rough membrane could be formed from rat liver stripped rough membrane and wheat germ ribosomes. This hybrid membrane could translate globin mRNA. PMID- 1128518 TI - [Investigations on the Heredity of the Nephrotic Syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The familial nephrotic syndrome has a frequency of 3%. There are 2 types of manifestation. A malignant form with probably autosomal recessive inheritance and bad prognosis, and a benign form with the histology of mimal change disease, complete recovery and a multifactorial inheritance. According to the literature and our own calculations there is in the BRD a yearly frequency of 9--14.4 families with a familial nephrotic syndrome, based on the assumption of 300--480 new cases of nephrotic syndrome per year. PMID- 1128519 TI - [Long-Term Results of Surgical Treatment of Spinal Tumours in Children and Adolescents]. AB - Catamneses of children up to the age of 16, operated on spinal tumours, are reported. Spinal tumours of this age account for about 15% of the total (all ages). There are about 50% intradural and 50% extradural tumours. The most frequent extradural tumours are sarcomas, followed by lipomas and dysontogenetic tumours like teratomas. Intradural tumours consist of intramedullary and extramedullary ones, about 50% each. Intramedullary tumours are gliomas, extramedullary ones may be neurinomas, meningeomas and vascular tumours. Time from onset of first diffuse symptoms up to clinical diagnosis depends on growth tendency of the tumour as well as on its localization. Hence, case history in cases of intramedullary gliomas usually covers two years, of sarcomas only a couple of months. In half of the cases, pain was the first symptom, followed by disturbed motor function. In more than 50% of the cases, complete restoration or significant improvement could be achieved by surgery. In the remaining half, there was either no change or even deterioration of the disturbed function. It seems justified to replace the former pessimistic attitude towards therapy of spinal tumours in childhood by a discret optimism. If in addition other spinal diseases like disk herniation are taken into account, prognosis is even more favourable. PMID- 1128520 TI - [Correlation of obstetrical and clinical data with nevi flammei in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Nevus flammeus (teleangiectaticus) is the most common variety of congenital nevus. Among 3961 infants checked at the ages of 3--7 days and again at 6 weeks 42% showed nevi flammei mediales in the nape and/or in the eyelids and glabella. The mothers of the infants presenting with n.fl. tended to be overweight, to have circulatory distrubances and prolonged duration of laor. The infants with n.fl. frequently had concomittant edema, navel hernia and minor degenerative stigmata. However malformations did not occur more commonly. This investigation suggests that exogenous factors such as diseases during pregnancy, intake of drugs and difficulties in delivery do not influence the genesis of n.fl. Only constitutional factors could be correlated with the incidence of n.fl. Since there was a higher frequency in female than in male infants and a lower frequency in premature than in term newborns it may be that hormonal inffluences increase the incidence of n.fl., too. These results were obtained from the prospective study: Schwanger-schaftsverlauf und Kindesentwickling (DFG). PMID- 1128521 TI - [Screening for metabolic disorders. Methods and results (author's transl)]. PMID- 1128522 TI - [A new classification of urinary tract infection in children (author's transl)]. AB - A classification of urinary tract infection based on severity of infection is presented. It is based primarily on the presence or absence of symptoms of urinary tract infection. The symptomatic infections are subdivided according to results of certain blood tests indicating general infection or not. Grade 1 covers asymptomatic bacteriuria, and grade 2 symptomatic infections with no signs of general infections. Grade 3 comprises symptomatic urinary tract infections with changes indicative of general infection. Elevated ESR and leucocytosis of the blood were regarded as criteria of general infection. PMID- 1128523 TI - [Glycosuria in acute tubular necrosis of small infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 1128524 TI - [Fatigue fracture of the tibia and fibroma non ossificans in a girl (author's transl)]. AB - Stress, fatigue or march fractures rarely occur in children. Usually the bones do not show any other pathological alterations. The authors observed a 10 year old girl with stress fracture of the tibia, and additional skeletal alterations like "fibroma non ossificans" which probably are not connected with the main disease. PMID- 1128525 TI - [Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Children from 1968 til 1973 in Schleswig Holstein (author's transl)]. AB - In Schleswig-Holstein 271 children (131 boys, 140 girls) were treated for tuberculosis between january 1968 and June 1973; 84% were aged 5--14 years, 14% between 1--4 years and 29% between 0--1 year. Each year, nearly the same number of infections occurred in the various districts of the country. In 246 children a primary form of tuberculosis was diagnosed (in 11 cases with pleurisy). 11 patients tuberculous meningitis, 3 patients miliary tuberculosis and 5 patients another form of the disease, 18 of 271 patients (7%) had been vaccinated against tuberculosis as newborns; in 4 of these children tubercle bacilli could be isolated. BCG vaccination had been done 8--12 years before disease in 11 cases and 1--5 years before disease in 7 cases. None of these vaccinated children had a hematogenous tuberculosis or died. Of the non-vaccinated children two patients had meninogencephalitis and died. The other children were cured by chemotherapy, 12 children by additional surgery. The morbidity of tuberculosis in Schleswig Holstein was 7--10 per 100000 children. Therefore, further BCG vaccination, chemoprophylaxis or preventive chemotherapy seems necessary. Early recognition of tuberculosis in old persons may be of practical value to prevent infections in children. PMID- 1128526 TI - [Psychopathological features in frontal and frontobasal brain injuries in the acute phase]. PMID- 1128527 TI - [Traumatic aortic rupture in autopsy material in Hamburg in the years 1969-73]. PMID- 1128528 TI - [Injuries of axillary artery in fractures and dislocations in shoulder area]. PMID- 1128529 TI - [Lunate bone changes caused by pneumatic instruments. Remarks from the legal viewpoint]. PMID- 1128530 TI - [The significance of severe craniocerebral injuries connected with life threatening multiple injuries]. PMID- 1128531 TI - [Electrocytochemical study of the neuromuscular junction in the process of ontogenesis]. PMID- 1128532 TI - [The study of acid phosphatase content in erythrocytes in disputed paternity cases]. PMID- 1128533 TI - [Peliosis hepatis]. PMID- 1128534 TI - [Fatal gramoxone poisoning]. PMID- 1128535 TI - [Light and electron microscopic studies on cholangiodysplastic pseudocirrhosis]. PMID- 1128536 TI - [Electron microscopic study of mechanical lesions of the myocardium]. PMID- 1128537 TI - [Ultrastruct studies on thyroid glands from rats exposed to radioisotopes]. PMID- 1128538 TI - Non-equivalence of YEPD and synthetic complete media in yeast reversion studies. AB - In yeast reversion studies, assay of the total number of cells is made by plating irradiated cells on agar plates containing yeast extract, peptone and dextrose (YEPD) medium. The number of revertants are scored by plating cells on synthetic complete (SC) medium deficient in the particular nutrient for which the reversion is tested. In this procedure equivalence for cell survival between the YEPD and the SC media is always assumed. However it is shown in this paper that this assumption is valid only up to dose levels where cell killing is not significant. At high doses, survivals on the two media differ significantly from each other for both high and low LET radiations. This difference influences the slope of the reversion frequency curve at high doses. Since the reversion frequency is expressed with reference to the number of survivors after a given radiation dose, it is essential to see that the same chance of survival is offered to the reverted and unreverted cells. Even though reversion is reported to vary linearly with dose, it is found that this linearity is restricted only to dose levels where cell killing is not significant. At higher doses, the reversion frequency varies in a very complex manner with dose for both high and low LET radiations. The complexity depends further on the reference medium chosen. PMID- 1128539 TI - Mutation and nuclear stage in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. I. An experimental approach to the role of recombination in mutation induction. AB - A reverse mutation system using G1 and G2 cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is described. In order to enable the system to deal with the problem of mutation dependence on recombination, tests were performed on (i) the homogeneity of cell populations with respect to nuclear stage;(ii) the fate of cells during post irradiation incubation;(iii) the colony-forming ability of G1 and G2 revertants, and (iv) cell viability on the mutation plates. On the basis of the results, it is thought that, using this system, information can be obtained on the role of recombinational events in the process of mutation induction. PMID- 1128540 TI - Mutation and nuclear stage in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. II. Reverse mutations induced by x-rays in the absence of recombination. AB - Induction of mutations by X-rays in Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells in which sister-strand recombination appears to be excluded is offered as evidence against a requirement for recombination in radiation-induced mutagenesis. PMID- 1128541 TI - Analysis of the dominance effect of a spontaneous recessive lethal in the mouse on homozygous and heterozygous genetic background. AB - A spontaneous lethal (l-15) without detectable dominant phenotypical effects has been studied in F-4 offspring on a homozygous (CBA/CBA) or a heterozygous (CBA/Ajax) genetic background. No significant dominance effect resulting in increased intra-uterine death or decreased mating ability was found irrespective of the genetic background. PMID- 1128542 TI - Chromosomal rearrangements induced in mouse spermatogonia by 14.5-MeV neutrons. AB - Inbred CBA male mice were irradiated with 14.5MeV neutrons. Three acute doses, 75, 150 and 250 rad, and one chronic dose, 250 rad, were given. The percentages of affected spermatocytes as counted from reciprocal translocation which had been induced in spermatogonia were 0.7, 0.8 and 1.6 respectively for acute series and 2.2 after chronic exposure. The data could be fitted to a linear or concave curvilinear regression line. There seemed to be a slight increase of damage with dose, even if the percentages were generally lower than those reported earlier for fast neutrons with energies around 1 MeV. The existence of dose-relat effects is discussed, and the conclusion drawn so far is that there seems to be no such effect either for 1-MeV fast neutrons or 14.5-MeV high energy neutrons. The term "reversed dose-rate effect" as used earlier, relates to another phenomenon. The difference between the point estimates for the chronic and acute 250 rad series is not significant. The effectiveness of neutrons with energies around 14MeV versus neutrons with energies around 1 MeV is discussed. PMID- 1128543 TI - The yield of chromosomal aberrations in rabbit lymphocytes after irradiation in vitro and in vivo. AB - The culture time of rabbit lymphocytes (41-42h) that provides cells in their first post-stimulation mitosis, was estimated on the basis of the mitotic index, dicentric yield and presence of the cells with these aberrations unaccompanied by acentric fragments, studied as a function of culture duration. The cells obtained in metaphase from cultures terminated at this time displayed no donor-to-donor variation where induction of dicentrics by x-rays was concerned. Rabbit venous blood was irradiated in vitro with a range of X-and gamma-ray doses, and dose effect curves were obtained by regression analysis. Sixteen rabbits were irradiated in vivo (uniform whole-body irradiation), and blood was sampled 10 min, 6, 24, and 48 h after exposure. The frequency of dicentrics in the lymphocytes cultured did not change significantly over the first 24 h after irradiation. Dose-effect relationships in vivo fell within one standard error confidence limits of the respective curves in vitro. The authors conclude that the latter may be used for estimation of dose in vivo under conditions of homogeneous whole-body irradiation. PMID- 1128544 TI - On the mechanism of production of chromosomal aberrations by ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 1128545 TI - The effect of methylxanthines on chromosomes of human lyphocytes in culture. AB - The effect of caffeine (I,3,7-trimethylxanthine), theophylline (I,3 dimethylxanthine), theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), paraxanthine (I,7 dimethylxanthine) I-methylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine added at the 48th h on the chromosomes of human lymphocytes in 72-h cultures has been investigated. Caffeine and the dimethylxanthines cause breakage at 750 mug/ml, with caffeine the most, and paraxanthine the least clastogenic. I-Methylxanthine and dimethylxanthines with a methyl group in the I-position are the most effective in depressing mitotic indices. No chromosome damage was exhibited by the monomethylxanthines. PMID- 1128546 TI - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes for the analysis of chromosome aberrations in mutagen tests. PMID- 1128547 TI - N-nitrosomorpholine and N-nitrosobutylamine-stimulated DNA synthesis in BHK 21/C13 cells. AB - Non-semiconservative DNA synthesis was examined in BHK-21/C13 cells after treatment with the aliphatic N-nitrosobutylamine (NB) and the heterocyclic N nitrosomorpholine (NM). The extent of repair synthesis after alkylation was compared quentitatively and calculations were made of the amount of DNA damage per cell and number of bases inserted per damaged site. Of the chromosome aberrations caused by NM the most predominant were dicentrics. Other aberrations included fragments, gaps, breaks and exchanges of both the chromatid and chromosome type. Unlike NM, NB elicted a higher frequency of chromatid breaks. PMID- 1128548 TI - Vinyl chloride exposure and human chromosome aberrations. PMID- 1128549 TI - An evaluation of the mutagenic potential of an aerosol spray adhesive in the rat. PMID- 1128550 TI - Letter: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man: "Relevance of data on mutagenicity". PMID- 1128551 TI - Work activity and coronary heart mortality. AB - To appraise the role of physical activity in reducing coronary mortality among longshoremen, 6351 men, 35 to 74 years old upon entry, were followed for 22 years or to death or to the age of 75. Their longshoring experience was computed in terms of work-years according to categories of high, medium and low caloric output. Individual work assignments were reclassified annually to allow for effect of job transfers. The age-adjusted coronary death rate for the high activity category was 26.9 per 10,000 work-years, and the medium and low catgories had rates of 46.3 and 49.0 which were little different from each other. This protective "threshold" effect was seen especially for the sudden-death syndrome, in which the death rate for heavy workers was 5.6, as contrasted with 19.9 for moderate and 15.7 for light workers. We conclude that repeated bursts of high energy output established a plateau of protection against coronary mortality, and that several different mechanisms may explain this finding. PMID- 1128552 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome in families. AB - The occurrence of the hemolytic uremic syndrome in three siblings prompted us to study this illness in families. Two groups of patients could be identified when 83 siblings with the syndrome in 41 families were examined. Siblings whose onset occurred within a short time of each other had a relatively good prognosis (19 per cent mortality); those whose onset was more than a year apart had a poorer prognosis (68 per cent mortality). We speculate that an environmental agent may have caused the syndrome in the first group, and that genetic factors may have been important in the second. PMID- 1128553 TI - Successful application of prenatal diagnosis in a pregnancy at risk for homozygous beta-thalassemia. AB - A Sicilian couple whose first child had homozygous beta-+-thalassemia requiring monthly transfusion requested prenatal diagnosis during the second pregnancy. Fully informed consent was obtained. The placenta was localized by ultra-sound at the 20th week of gestation, and was aspirated with a 20-gauge needle. Samples containing fetal red cells were obtained, and studies of globinchain synthesis showed a normal beta/gamma synthesis ratio for this gestational age. The conclusion that the child was not affected by beta-thalassemia was confirmed when an infant not affected with homozygous of heterozygous beta-thalassemia was born at term. Although more experience with this approach is necessary, this study demonstrates that prenatal diagnosis or exclusion of beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia is feasible. PMID- 1128554 TI - Indwelling arterial catheters as a source of nosocomial bacteremia. An outbreak caused by Flavobacterium Species. AB - Between mid-May and mid-October, 1973, 49 blood cultures from 14 patients in an intensive care unit were positive for flavobacterium species, Group II-b. We conducted an investigation to determine how patients were being infected with this unusual organism. Comparison of the 14 infected patients with 37 controls associated indwelling arterial catheters with subsequent flavobacterium bacteremia (p = 0.005). Risk of infection was greatest during the period in which blood gas determinations were done most frequently (the first three days of catheterization) and in which infected patients had more blood gas determinations than control patients with arterial catheters (p less than 0.05). Flavobacterium species was cultured from in-use arterial catheters, from stopcocks, and from ice in the intensive-care unit's ice machine; the catheters were probably contaminated by syringes that were cooled in ice before being used to obtain arterial specimens for blood gas determination. This outbreak calls attention to arterial monitoring systems as a potential source of nosocomial infection. PMID- 1128555 TI - Diminished ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia after morphine in normal man. AB - Although morphine depresses respiration the mechanism of this depression remains unknown. Accordingly, ventilatory responses to hypoxia and to hypercapnia were measured before and after administration of 7.5 mg of morphine sulfate subcutaneously in six normal subjects. This procedure produced resting hypoventilation manifested as a peak rise in alveolar carbon dioxide tension from 42.9 plus or minus 1.7 to 45.4 plus or minus 1.5 mm Hg (plus or minus S.E.M.) at 30 minutes ( greater than 0.01). Hypoxic ventilatory drive, measured by an index of the relation between ventilation and hypoxia (parameter A), decreased from a control of 108 plus or minus 17.6 to 42.8 plus or minus 5.3 at 60 minutes after morphine (p greater than 0.01); Hypercapnic ventilatory drive, measured as the slope of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, also decreased from 1.69 plus or minus 0.24 to 0;98 plus or minus 0.20 (p greater than 0.01) 75 minutes after morphine. Decreased responsiveness to the chemical stimuli to breathing may contribute to the ventilatory depression frequently seen after administration of morphine. PMID- 1128556 TI - Exacerbation of hereditary hepatic porphyria by surreptitious ingestion of an unusual provacative agent--a mouthwash preparation. PMID- 1128557 TI - Editorial: Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 1128558 TI - Sounding board: Scientific medicine and therapeutic choice. PMID- 1128559 TI - Massachusetts Department of Public Health. On the alert for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. PMID- 1128560 TI - Letter: Edelin editorial protested;. PMID- 1128561 TI - Letter: Edelin case: further comment;. PMID- 1128562 TI - Letter: Ethics of publication. PMID- 1128563 TI - Letter: End-expiratory pressure and oxygen transport. PMID- 1128564 TI - Letter: Endotoxemia from catecholamine excess. PMID- 1128565 TI - Letter: Treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis and meningitis. PMID- 1128566 TI - Letter: Interstitial nephritis after methicillin. PMID- 1128567 TI - Letter: Sodium depletion in accelerated hypertension. PMID- 1128568 TI - Letter: The meaning of disease. PMID- 1128569 TI - Letter: A note on alcoholism: incidence and policy. PMID- 1128570 TI - Letter: The end-result system. PMID- 1128571 TI - Development of an intravenous bile acid tolerance test. Plasma disappearance of cholylglycine in health. AB - To develop an intravenous bile acid tolerance test that might be useful for detecting impaired liver function or liver injury, the plasma disappearance of intravenously injected cholyglycine was characterized in healthy man by a radiommunoassay, specific for conjugates of cholic acid, on serial samples of venous blood. Cholylglycine disappearance was rapid (mean half-life plus or minus S.E. equals 2.6 plus or minus 0.1 minutes) and of first-order kinetics; the rate of disappearance was independent of dose between 2 and 15 mumoles per kilogram of body weight. A dose of 5 mumoles per kilogram was selected as an optimal dose, and its clearance was defined in 45 healthy subjects. After intravenous injection of this dose, conjugates of cholic acid increased 10-fold, but in all subjects the concentration of these bile acids had returned to 1 muM (the upper limit of normal, fasting state) by 10 minutes. No side effects were observed. PMID- 1128572 TI - Validity and sensitivity of an intravenous bile acid tolerance test in patients with liver disease. AB - A bile acid tolerance test, which measures the plasma disappearance rate of injected cholyglycine by radioimmunoassay, was studied in 36 patients with biopsy proved chronic liver disease and compared to fasting-state levels of conjugated cholic acid and other conventional liver tests. In 25 patients in whom one or more of the conventional tests for liver disease showed abnormal results, fasting state levels of conjugated cholic acid were increased in 20, but plasma disappearance of cholyglycine was delayed in all. Of the 11 other patients in whom conventional tests were within normal limits, fasting-state levels of conjugated cholic acid were increased in three of 10, but cholyglycine disappearance was dealyed in nine of 11. The bile acid tolerance test indicated liver disease more sensitively than the fasting-state level of conjugated cholic acid, which, in turn, was more sensitive than other conventional liver tests. PMID- 1128573 TI - Dosage of theophylline in bronchial asthma. PMID- 1128574 TI - Myocardial laceration not demonstrated by continuous electrocardiographic monitoring occurring during pericardiocentesis. PMID- 1128575 TI - Law-medicine notes: Malpractice insurance: a genuine national crisis. PMID- 1128576 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 22-1975. PMID- 1128577 TI - Editorial: The cervical venous hum: a help and a hindrance. PMID- 1128578 TI - Sounding board Real professionalism. PMID- 1128579 TI - Letter: Is platelet aggregation by isoantibodies always real aggregation? PMID- 1128580 TI - Letter: Preparation of 125 I-fibrinogen. PMID- 1128581 TI - Letter: Gastric-mucosa injury in sepsis. PMID- 1128582 TI - Letter: Management of lipoatrophic diabetes. PMID- 1128583 TI - Letter: Atopy as factor in penicillin reactions. PMID- 1128584 TI - Letter: Effect of anticonvulsants on Ca and P homeostasis. PMID- 1128585 TI - Letter: Aspartame as a sweetener. PMID- 1128586 TI - Letter: More on bicycle neuropathies. PMID- 1128587 TI - Letter: Cost benefits of newborn screening. PMID- 1128588 TI - Letter: The house-staff strike. PMID- 1128589 TI - Failure of association of premature rupture of membranes with respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Records on 16,458 consecutive births were examined to determine associations between the respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn and cesarean section, maternal diabetes, ante-partum hemorrhage, toxemia of pregnancy, low one-minute Apgar scores and prolonged rupture of fetal membranes. Groups of infants were compared by four-week gestational age blocks. One-minute Apgar scores of less than 5 and of less than 8 were associated with a significant ( less than 0.05) increase in the incidence of respiratory-distress syndrome at gestational ages beyond 30 weeks. Cesarean section was associated with a significant increase after 34 weeks of gestation. There was no association between the syndrome and toxemia of pregnancy, ante-partum hemorrhage or prolonged rupture of fetal membranes. These data do not support the hypothesis that there is a lower incidence of the respiratory-distress syndrome in infants born after prolonged rupture of fetal membranes. PMID- 1128590 TI - Nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Glycine accumulation due to absence of glycerine cleavage in brain. AB - Glycine concentrations were measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of five patients in different types of hyperglycinemia to determine why severe neurologic deterioration is confined to the so-called nonketotic form of hyperglycinemia. Glycine content and glycine-cleavage enzyme activity were also determined in brain obtained in autopsy from three of these patients. Spinal-fluid glycine concentrations were 15 to 30 times above normal in patients with nonketotic hyperglycinemia, but were normal in those with hyperglycinemias of undetermined type who had comparable elevations of plasma glycine. Glycine content was two to four times above normal in several brain regions, and brain glycine cleavage enzyme activity was absent in two patients dying of nonketotic hyperglycinemia. By contrast, glycine content was normal and glycine cleavage activity present in the brain of an infant who died of hyperglycinemia of unknown cause. These results suggest that elevated glycine levels may be harmless in blood, but lethal in brain. PMID- 1128591 TI - Time lapse between hypothesis and publication in the medical sciences. AB - We studied a number of factors involved in the publication of 103 papers by Mayo Clinic authors. Basic-science and clinical-research articles averaged about four years from initiating the research idea until publishing; case reports averaged about two years, and literature reviews three years. Of this time, 75 per cent was spent contemplating the basic idea, performing the research, and writing the paper. The rest was required for processing, from institutional editing through publication. Most clinical workers wrote at home, and most basic researchers at the office. In a suprising 23 per cent of papers, about three fourths of the manuscript was written by someone other than the first author. Of references cited, between 10 per cent and 20 per cent were to the authors' own work or to that of co-workers. Half the papers were revised or rejected at least once, prolonging the journal handling time only in papers rejected or requiring more than one revision. PMID- 1128592 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 23-1975. PMID- 1128593 TI - Letter: Aspirin and myocardial infarction. PMID- 1128594 TI - Letter: Renin-sodium profiling and antihypertensive response to beta blockade. PMID- 1128595 TI - Letter: Preludes to acute attacks of bronchial asthma. PMID- 1128596 TI - Letter: Occurrence of "viral particles" in diarrhea: Atlanta, Georgia. PMID- 1128597 TI - Letter: Reye's syndrome: a viral myopathy? PMID- 1128598 TI - Letter: Excessive free fatty acidemia and the encephalopathy in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 1128600 TI - Letter: In screening for glaucoma worthwhile? PMID- 1128599 TI - Letter: Use and misuse of cryoprecipitate. PMID- 1128601 TI - Letter: Growth of hyperactive children. PMID- 1128602 TI - Letter: Tay-Sachs screening. PMID- 1128603 TI - Letter: Exercise, running and the heart. PMID- 1128604 TI - Letter: Doctor's dominance defended. PMID- 1128605 TI - Letter: Serum lysozyme levels in Crohn's disease. PMID- 1128606 TI - Heat-labile enzymes in skin fibroblasts from subjects with progeria. AB - To characterize further the genetic basis of progeria, thermolability studies were performed on three genetically distinct enzymes in crude extracts of cultured skin fibroblasts derived from two subjects with that syndrome. At early passage the progeric fibroblasts, as compared to controls, contained a significantly higher percentage of heat-labile glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (12.83 plus or minus 1.72 vs 1.11 plus or minus 0.44 [mean plus or minus S.E.M.], p smaller than 0.001), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (9.71 plus or minus 0.68 vs. 0.67 plus or minus 0.22, p smaller than 0.001), and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (31.41 plus or minus 1.89 vs 7.67 plus or minus 1.71, p smaller than 0.001), and the differences were maintained throughout the in vitro life-span. These data, in conjunction with previous reports of defective HL-A antigens, indicate a widespread defect in genetic expression. The most likely cause appears to be an aberration in protein synthesis or degradation, or both, although multiple somatic mutations cannot be ruled out. Increased thermolability of enzymes in cultured cells may provide a screening test for persons predisposed to progeria and other disorders of premature aging. PMID- 1128607 TI - Effect of oxandrolone treatment on the activity of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase and phospholipase A1 of human postheparin plasma. AB - The effect of a synthetic steroid, oxandrolone, on total postheparin plasma lipolytic activity, postherpain hepatic lipase activity, lipoprotein lipase and phospholipase A1 was studied in seven patients with hypertriglyceridemia. The mean total postheparin lipolytic activity increased 100 per cent during oxandrolone tratement (p smaller than 0.05). This change was caused mainly by postheparin hepatic lipase, whose activity increased on the average more than 2.5 times (p smaller than 0.001). The change in postheparin plasma-lipoprotein-lipase activity was insignificant. A highly significant correlation (r equals +0.87, p smaller than 0.01) was observed between the activities of postheparin hepatic lipase and phospholipase A1 before and during oxandrolone treatment. No relation was observed between serum triglyceride level and various postheparin lipase activities, or between the changes induced by oxandrolone in the level of serum lipids and the activities of postheparin lipases. We conclude that oxandrolone increases the activities of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase and phospholipase A1 but has little influence on lipoprotein lipase. PMID- 1128608 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 24-1975. PMID- 1128609 TI - Editorial: Postheparin lipoprotein lipases. PMID- 1128610 TI - Sounding board: A problem-and-objective-oriented approach to patient-care evaluation. PMID- 1128611 TI - Letter: Interpretation of low-renin profile. PMID- 1128612 TI - Letter: Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. PMID- 1128613 TI - Letter: Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 1128614 TI - Letter: L-dopa for pain from bone metastasis. PMID- 1128615 TI - Letter: Leukemia incidence in adults not increased after 131-I. PMID- 1128616 TI - Letter: Transmission of hepatitis by breast feeding. PMID- 1128617 TI - Letter: Papaverine for tardive dyskinesia? PMID- 1128618 TI - Letter: Particulate matter in I. V. solutions. PMID- 1128619 TI - Letter: Cardioactive substances leached from a commercial hemodialysis set. PMID- 1128620 TI - Letter: Bloodletting - then and now. PMID- 1128621 TI - Letter: Difficult care of migrant health workers. PMID- 1128622 TI - Letter: British health care. PMID- 1128623 TI - Single-dose metronidazole for trichomonal vaginitis. Patient and consort. PMID- 1128624 TI - Law-medicine notes. The malpractice insurance crisis: short-term and long-term solutions. PMID- 1128625 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 26-1975. PMID- 1128626 TI - Editorial: Infectious disease and the immature brain. PMID- 1128627 TI - Editorial: Causes and consequences of chorioamnionitis. PMID- 1128628 TI - Editorial: The Medical Communication Pathway. PMID- 1128629 TI - Editorial: Responsible retraction. PMID- 1128630 TI - Massachusetts Medical Society. Study committee to evaluate changes in units of clinical chemistry tests. PMID- 1128631 TI - Letter: Platelets in human urine. PMID- 1128632 TI - Letter: Hematocrit unchanged by hemodilution. PMID- 1128633 TI - Letter: Smoke and heat. PMID- 1128635 TI - Letter: Success of Canadian National Health Insurance. PMID- 1128634 TI - Letter: No-fault malpractice insurance. PMID- 1128636 TI - Letter: Distasteful use of "elegant". PMID- 1128637 TI - Letter: Telling parents about XYY sons. PMID- 1128638 TI - Letter: Geography lesson. PMID- 1128639 TI - Letter: Marihuana dosage control through heart rate. PMID- 1128640 TI - Serum insulin and growth hormone response patterns in monozygotic twin siblings of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes. AB - To detect abnormalities in the secretion of insulin and growth hormone in monozygotic twin siblings of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes, their responses during oral, cortisone-primed oral, and intravenous, glucose tolerance tests and intravenous tolbutamide tests were compared to those of matched controls. The twins had higher mean serum insulin levels during all tests, but differences reached statistical significance (P less than 0.02) only in the cortisone-primed test. Growth hormone levels were higher in the twins (P less than 0.04) in the intravenous tolbutamide tolerance test. The frequency of abnormal oral glucose tolerance tests among controls, diabetic monozygotic twins and the offspring of two diabetic parents was also compared. Twins and controls had nearly the same frequency of normal tests; however, the diabetic offspring had a significantly higher (P less than 0.001) prevalence of abnormal tests. These data suggest that magnitudes of environmental and genetic factors operating in monozygotic "pre-diabetic" children of diabetic parents. PMID- 1128641 TI - Detection and treatment of hypertension at the work site. AB - A program linking detection to treatment was designed to improve blood-pressure control among adults with asymptomatic, uncomplicated hypertension. Key elements of this program were provision of all diagnostic and therapeutic services at work site, integration of delivery system with the administration of a labor union, adherence to rigid protocol, and continuous patient surveillance by nurses and paraprofessionals. At the first program site, Gimbels's principal New York City department store, 84 per cent of 1850 employees were screened, and 65 per cent of 186 with confirmed hypertension elected the treatment program. Of the 94 patients followed for one year, 97 per cent remained under therapy, with no untoward effect, and 81 per cent of patients had satisfactory blood-pressure reduction. This approach appears to be a safe, effective, and acceptable method for hypertension control in large numbers of patients. PMID- 1128642 TI - The rough and the smooth -- some reflections on diet therapy. PMID- 1128643 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 27-1975. PMID- 1128644 TI - Editorial: "Writing scientific papers in English". PMID- 1128645 TI - Letter: Histologic diagnosis of pancreatic disease. PMID- 1128646 TI - Letter: Congenital malformations and embryonic neuropathy. PMID- 1128647 TI - [Aspergillus insulicola Sp. Nov]. AB - A strain of Aspergillus sp. is described and proposed as a new species under the name "Aspergillus insulicola sp. nov." Montemayor & Santiago, 1973. This strain was isolated from soil samples taken in "Aves Island" during a scientific expedition.--Aves Island, situated at 15 degrees, 40 feet, 42 inches N and 63 degrees, 36 feet, 47 inches W, about 665 Km of the coast of Venezuela, has very special ecological conditions. Due to its smallness: 550 m long and 40 to 120 m across and to its low profile only 3 m over sea level, it is swept by the sea during the periodical storms and hurricanes in the area. It has thus a very interesting fauna and flora. We took a series of soil samples to study its mycological flora. Forty samples were inoculated by dilution method. In this first paper a species is described and proposed as a new species because of its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, as well as by its biological properties, under the name "Aspergillus insulicola sp. nov.". In its study we have tried to follow as closely as possible the methods recommended by Kennet B. Raper & Dorothy Fenell, world authorities on the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. The strain is being kept in USB under the number T1, and has been sent to ATCC & CBSC to be incorporated in their collections. PMID- 1128648 TI - Carbohydrate composition of the isolated cell walls of dermatophytes. AB - In an attempt to evaluate taxonomic character of sugar composition of dermatophytes, the purified cell walls from 13 species are analyzed on neutral sugar composition by gas liquid chromatography. The results were principally compatible with those obtained by conventional morphological examination. Neutral sugar components of dermatophytes cell walls were mannose and glucose in the ratio of 1:2.7 for Epidermophyton and 1:1.4 for Microsporum. There were two types in Trichophyton, in which the ratios of mannose to glucose were 1:1.6 and 1:3.8. The cases of Trichophyton ferrugineum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were exceptional. The ratio of the former was 1:1.4, which implied the relation to Microsporum group, and the ratio of the latter was 1:2.3, which was supposed to be the intermediate of two types of Trichophyton group. Albino type cell wall of Epidermophyton floccosum was more rich in glucose than pigmented type one. PMID- 1128649 TI - Experimentally induced mycetoma: species of Sporotrichum and Sporothrix. AB - The potential pathogenicity of four saprophytic species of Sporotrichum, viz; S. carnis, S. cerebriforme, S. pruinosum and S. thermophile were compared to S. schenckii and all could survive in vivo and S. pruinosum may possess limited virulence. Thielavia thermophila and Sporothrix albicans were able to cause local mycetoma. PMID- 1128650 TI - [Medical mycology in western France: contribution of the Parasitology service of the University of Nantes (1963-1973)]. PMID- 1128651 TI - Single dose metyrapone test: 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibition by metyrapone and reduced metyrapone assayed by radioimmunoassay. AB - To assess the effects of metyrapone and reduced metyrapone on 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibition, the plasma levels of cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, and the inhibitors were measured by radioimmunoassays in 34 normal subjects 8 h after they received a single oral dose of metyrapone at midnight. The ratio of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol, as an index of 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibition, was compared to plasma levels of metyrapone and reduced metyrapone. One subject received an infusion of metyrapone ditartrate in order to study the sequential conversion of metyrapone to reduced metyrapone. A new radioimmunoassay was developed for measurement of plasma concentrations of metyrapone and reduced metyrapone. Following intravenous administration of metyrapone, it is rapidly converted to an active metabolite, reduced metyrapone. At 8 h after a dose was given, the average reduced metyrapone level was 1.5 times higher than the average metyrapone level. Following oral administration of the drug, we found a high correlation when plasma levels of metyrapone were compared to reduced metyrapone and when the ratio of 11 deoxycortisol to cortisol was related to metyrapone or to total metyrapone levels. In conclusion, the conversion of metyrapone to reduced metyrapone is such that by 8 hours after a single oral dose, more than one-half of the inhibitory effect on 11 beta-hydroxylase appears to be produced by reduced metyrapone. The inhibitory action of metyrapone and reduced metyrapone on the enzyme system is reflected by their concentration in plasma. PMID- 1128652 TI - The modulation contrast microscope. PMID- 1128653 TI - Lack of response to background colour in Pieris brassicae pupae reared on carotenoid-free diet. PMID- 1128654 TI - Genetic control of diploid-like meiosis in hexaploid tall fescue. PMID- 1128655 TI - Origin of extragonadal teratomas and endodermal sinus tumours. PMID- 1128656 TI - Mitigation of virus-induced foetal growth retardation in mice by dietary casein hydrolysate. PMID- 1128657 TI - Spontaneous progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in macaques. PMID- 1128658 TI - Squint and the development of binocularity in humans. PMID- 1128659 TI - Visual acuity development coincides with the sensitive period in kittens. PMID- 1128660 TI - Functional and neurochemical correlates of potentiation of striatal asymmetry by callosal section. PMID- 1128661 TI - Phosphorylase and glycerol production activated by cold in diapausing silkmoth pupae. PMID- 1128662 TI - Molecular structure of membrane-bound rhodopsin. PMID- 1128663 TI - Mefloquine, a clinically useful quinolinemethanol antimalarial which does not significantly bind to DNA. PMID- 1128664 TI - Crystallisation of tropinin-C. PMID- 1128665 TI - Modified nucleosides and bizarre 5'-termini in mouse myeloma mRNA. AB - Messenger RNAs from mouse myeloma cells contain N-6-methyl adenosine and novel 5' termini having 7-methy-guanosine in a 5', 5' triphosphate linkage with ribose methylated nucleosides. Ten common 5'-terminal sequences of the forms m-7-G-5' PPP-5'-NmpNp and m-7-G-5'-ppp-5'-NmpNmpNp are reported. Structures like this may be a general feature of mRNA in eukaryotes. PMID- 1128666 TI - Comparison of associations of birth order with intelligence test score and height. PMID- 1128667 TI - Polymorphism of erythrocyte potassium concentration in seaweed-eating sheep. PMID- 1128668 TI - Visual control of head movements during avian locomotion. PMID- 1128669 TI - Visual detection analysed in terms of luminance and chromatic signals. PMID- 1128670 TI - Evidence for nuclear control of amino acid transport in cultured cells. PMID- 1128671 TI - Specificity of cellular retinol-binding protein for compounds with vitamin A activity. PMID- 1128672 TI - Identification of the biochemical lesion produced by alpha-chlorohydrin in spermatozoa. PMID- 1128673 TI - Localisation of plutonium in mouse testes. PMID- 1128674 TI - Modification of drug biotransformation by vitamin C in man. PMID- 1128675 TI - Different ultraviolet DNA endonuclease activity in human cells. PMID- 1128676 TI - Rolling circular DNA associated with Dane particles in hepatitis B virus. PMID- 1128677 TI - Construction of bacterial flagella. PMID- 1128678 TI - Maintenance of allozyme polymorphisms in experimental populations of Drosophila. PMID- 1128679 TI - Control of flagellar wave movement in Crithidia oncopelti. PMID- 1128680 TI - Heat-labile enzymes in Werner's syndrome fibroblasts. PMID- 1128681 TI - Dopamine-like effects of cholera toxin in the central nervous system. PMID- 1128682 TI - Domoic and quisqualic acids as potent amino acid excitants of frog and rat spinal neurones. PMID- 1128683 TI - Prolactin-stimulated production of somatomedin by rat liver. PMID- 1128684 TI - Letter: Feeding analogues. PMID- 1128685 TI - Letter: Lead in children's teeth. PMID- 1128686 TI - Letter: Factors influencing effect of hydrocortisone on rat brain tryptophan metabolism. PMID- 1128687 TI - Letter: Messenger RNA abundance and gene regulation in eukaryotes. PMID- 1128688 TI - 210-Po and 239-Pu, 240-Pu in biological and water samples from the Bikini and Eniwetok atolls. PMID- 1128689 TI - R AND K selection in kangaroos. PMID- 1128690 TI - Inhibition of pulmonary tumour development in rats sensitised to rat embryonic tissue. PMID- 1128691 TI - Stationary and dynamic responses during visual edge fixation by walking insects. PMID- 1128692 TI - Effect of experimental cerebral infarction in rat brain on catecholamines and behaviour. PMID- 1128693 TI - Axonal degeneration associated with a defective blood-brain barrier in cerebral implants. PMID- 1128694 TI - Allosteric inhibition of the sodium pump by external sodium. PMID- 1128695 TI - Molecular basis for formation of lipid sound lens in echolocating cetaceans. PMID- 1128696 TI - Suppression of murine virus leukaemogenesis by thioglycollate, a bacteriological culture medium that affects macrophage peroxidase. PMID- 1128697 TI - Melatonin may be synthesised in enterochromaffin cells. PMID- 1128698 TI - Fc receptors on mouse placenta and yaol sac cells. PMID- 1128699 TI - Chemical communication in maternal behaviour of crayfish. PMID- 1128700 TI - Non-Mendelian streptomycin-resistant tobacco mutant with altered chlorplasts and mitochondria. PMID- 1128701 TI - Platelet 5-HT uptake and release stopped rapidly by formaldehyde. PMID- 1128702 TI - New calcium-mobilising agent. PMID- 1128703 TI - Reappearance of extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity in denervated rat muscle after blockage with alpha-bungarotoxin. PMID- 1128704 TI - Antibody-bound nalorphine released on challenge with morphine. PMID- 1128705 TI - In vitro concersion of a calf thymus 8S DNA polymerase to a 7.3S species. PMID- 1128706 TI - Molecular conservation of 74 amino acid sequence of ubiquitin between cattle and man. PMID- 1128707 TI - Self-assembly of lens crystallins in virto. PMID- 1128708 TI - A highly alpha-helical structure protein in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. PMID- 1128709 TI - Letter: Specificity in initiation of mRNA translation. PMID- 1128710 TI - [Factors influencing the prognosis of acute heart infarct]. PMID- 1128711 TI - [Distortions of hand and finger joints]. PMID- 1128712 TI - [Task, role and function of the academic hospital]. PMID- 1128713 TI - [Life threatening complications of apparently innocuous habits]. PMID- 1128714 TI - [What can nutrition contribute to the primary prevention of antherosclerotic complications? The gravity of the situation in the Netherlands]. PMID- 1128716 TI - [Prophylactic iron in pregnant women?]. PMID- 1128715 TI - [The significance of Toxoplasma infections for public health]. PMID- 1128717 TI - [Euthanasia as a medical problem]. PMID- 1128718 TI - [The treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 1128719 TI - [Electrocardiographic findings in 791 young men from 15 to 23 years of age. II. deviations in form and voltage from the P-QRS-T complex]. PMID- 1128720 TI - [Zonular cataract in an infant]. PMID- 1128721 TI - [Cordylobiasis (myiasis), a skin disease, little known or seldom reported in the Netherlands]. PMID- 1128722 TI - [The value of colposcopic study of the portio uteri in patients with a suspected or positive portio smear]. PMID- 1128723 TI - [Uniform medical faculties? New rules for examinations in the German Federal Republic]. PMID- 1128724 TI - [Micrognathism in young children]. PMID- 1128725 TI - [Fibromatosis in children]. PMID- 1128727 TI - [Letter: Pregnancy test]. PMID- 1128726 TI - [An emaciated patient with pain in the lower right side of the abdomen]. PMID- 1128728 TI - Rate of population growth and patient motivation. PMID- 1128729 TI - My medical practice history. PMID- 1128730 TI - Colonic diverticular disease--report of six cases managed by total colectomy. PMID- 1128731 TI - Familial periodic paralysis a report and review. PMID- 1128732 TI - Heredity and colon cancer. PMID- 1128733 TI - Malpractice or medical accident. PMID- 1128734 TI - Chemotherapy of non-resectable soft tissue sarcomas. PMID- 1128735 TI - Total hip replacement: report of 122 cases and presentation of a new prosthetic device. PMID- 1128736 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of silent mitral stenosis. PMID- 1128737 TI - [Internuclear ophthalmoplegias. Clinical analysis of 25 cases]. PMID- 1128738 TI - [Significance of social-class-specific verbal behavior in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy]. PMID- 1128739 TI - [Socialpsychiatric viewpounts of cyclothymic depression]. PMID- 1128740 TI - [Letter: Comment on the work by H. Dilling "Relation of the length of hospitalization and size of the admision area of Bavarian psychiatric hospitals (this J. 45, 73-75 (1974))]. PMID- 1128741 TI - [Letter: Comment on "The efficiency of psychotherapy in 44 schizophrenic patients" by Matussek and Triebel (this J. 45, 569-575 (1974))]. PMID- 1128742 TI - Hepatitis and biliary cirrhosis in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1128743 TI - Is coumarin-induced haemorrhagic necrosis of the skin the result of hypoproconvertinaemic bleeding in non-specifically inflamed skin patches? PMID- 1128744 TI - A patient with murine typhus. PMID- 1128745 TI - Adequate dialysis. AB - Regular haemodialysis with the Kiil dialyser for 8-10 h three times a week is the present standard of adequate dialysis. In 100 patients treated by this regime there was no positive correlation between plasma urea and creatinine before or after dialysis and any of the symptoms of which these patients still complained. There are no grounds for believing that a further increase in dialysis would relieve residual symptoms. However, any reduction in current standards of dialysis should be justified by prolonged clinical trial of large groups of patients before they are accepted as equivalent in view of the infrequency of some uraemic manifestations such as pericarditis. The implications of the middle molecular hypothesis are discussed. PMID- 1128746 TI - The present status of radical prostatectomy for stages A and B prostatic cancer. AB - The natural history of prostatic cancer is incompletely understood. Small cancers may have a very slow or rapid growthrate, and the majority are differentiated. Cells may leave the prostate by blood or lymph without penetrating capsule or invading the seminal vesicles. The predication of latency or of biologic activity in any givne case is impossible. Stage A cancer should be separated into A1 (focal) and A2 (diffuse). Stage A1 cancer that is low grade is best lfet alone. Stage A2 cancer and high grade cancer probably should be treated by megavoltage radiation. Stage B includes many cancers that are microscopically stage C. If this stage is separated into clinical stage B1 (tumors grossly involving less than one lobe), and B2 (tumors involving one lobe or more) the underestimation of microscopic extent in B1 will be less than in 10 per cent of the cases. In clinical stage B2 cancer, 50 per cent are microscopically stage C. Radical prostatectomy for cure should be limited to clinical B1 cases without distant spread. It is not a cure-all, but it provides the best 15-year survival rate more completely, more quickly, less expensively, and with fewer discomforts than other methods. The alternative options are no treatment, endocrine treatment, and radiation. The first is risky in many instances and may allow an ac-ive cancer to get out of control. The second rarely destroys all of the cells in the total cell population and gives one a false sense of security. The last should be reserved for cases well beyond stage B1, but without distant metastases, where its usefulness exceeds that of radical excision. PMID- 1128747 TI - Radiation therapy for prostatic cancer. PMID- 1128748 TI - Lymph node involvement in prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 1128749 TI - Function of the kidney in adult patients with Cooley's disease. A preliminary report. AB - The function of the kidney in adult subjects with Cooley's disease has been hitherto inadequately investigated. In 10 patients suffering from thalassemia major, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, renal blood flow have been studied, together with urine concentration capacity. The authors emphasize certain pathological changes, such as the increase in renal plasma flow and the failure of the urine concentration ability. On the basis of renal biopsies, two pathogenetic theories are discussed: the functional impairment of the coutercurrent system and fibrosis of the medullary tissue. PMID- 1128750 TI - Glomerular-tubular balance for bicarbonate in man. AB - We recently showed in dogs that there is a close relationship between bicarbonate reabsorption and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The present studies were designed to confirm these findings in five normal men. Bicarbonate titrations were done after ingesting a low protein diet for one week and were repeated following elevation of GFR 11-29 per cent by high protein diet and dexamethazone ingestion. In every casetubular reabsorption of bicarbonate increased in proportion to the increases in GFR. We conclude that glomerular-tubular balance for bicarbonate reabsorption is a characteristic of human, as well as canine kidneys. PMID- 1128751 TI - Measurement of intra-arterial blood pressure and cardiac output through the bovine artegraft. Hemodynamic measurements through the bovine artegraft. AB - Serial hemodynamic studies have become increasingly important in hypertension research. These studies have been accomplished using the A-V shunt. The progressive decline in the number of A-V shunts in favor of the A-V fistula has limited the number of measure cardiac output, the intra-arterial blood pressure cannot be measured through it. The present paper describes a technique for measuring both the cardiac output and direct intra-arterial blood pressure using the bovine artegraft. PMID- 1128752 TI - On the exudation of plasticizers from PVC haemodialysis tubings. AB - Prompted by a series of hepatitis-like cases in patients on regular haemodialysis treatment, the sets of polyvinylchloride (PVC) test tubings used were submitted to perfusion experiments. The perfusates from four commercially available tubings were also investigated. Diethylphthalate (DEP) could be identified by by IR and PMR spectrometry in the perfusate from the test tubings. UV spectrometry proved the presence of other non-identified substances in the perfusate from both the test tubings and from some of the other tubings. PMID- 1128754 TI - EDITORIAL: The case against the existence of a specific uraemic myocardiopathy. PMID- 1128753 TI - Aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. Ultrastructural findings in the glomerulus by concomitant influence of indomethacin and aminonucleoside. AB - The concomitant administration of Indomethacin reduced the biochemical signs of the nephrotic syndrome induced in rats by aminonucleoside; in the rats treated with both drugs a morphological picture suggesting activated function of podocytes was found at the electron microscopic examination of the renal glomerular structures, together with the lesions characteristic of the aminonucleoside nephrosis. The possibility is discussed that Indomethacin could modify the permeability of the glomerular capillary wall by stimulating the podocytes to synthesize basement membrane material. PMID- 1128755 TI - Effect of prostaglandin a1 on acute renal failure in the rat. AB - In an attempt to alter the natural course of glycerol and uranyl nitrate induced acute ranal failure in the rat, the vasodilator, prostaglandin A1 was adminstered systemically at varying times during the induction phase of renal failure. According to the method used, no significant beneficial effect could be demonstrated in either experimental model. PMID- 1128756 TI - EDITORIAL: The case for a specific uraemic myocardopathy. PMID- 1128757 TI - Comparison of the role of testosterone and methyltestosterone in developing chloroform-induced renal tubular necrosis in mice. AB - The presence of testosterone is a prerequisite for the development of chloroform induced renal tubular necrosis in mice. The purpose of this study was to check whether methyltestosterone exerts the same influence. Castrated males and females were treated with one of these compounds: those treated with testosterone developed renal tubular necrosis after chloroform injection, those which received methyltestosterone were free of this lesion. PMID- 1128758 TI - Ineffectiveness of hemodialysis in copper sulphate poisoning. AB - A fatal case of severe copper sulphate poisoning is reported in whom hemodialysis was performed 13 h after ingestion. At autopsy a significant amount of copper was found in the brain, heart, liver, kidney, spleen and adrenals. This case indicates sopper is nondialysable and that hemodialysis is ineffective in the treatment of acute copper sulphate poisoning. PMID- 1128759 TI - Letter to the editor: Simplified determination of plasma p-aminohippurate in kidney function tests. PMID- 1128760 TI - Prognosis of chronic renal failure. III. Survival after one peritoneal dialysis. AB - Survival after serum creatinine exceeded 10.0 mg/100 ml was increased if one peritoneal dialysis was performed. After one peritoneal dialysis 'survival' of 62 patients to the present time, death or the next dialysis averaged 119 days; median survival was 28 days. Characteristics of prolonged survivors were persistent reduction of serum creatinine below the predialysis concentration, tubulointerstitial diseases, i.e. polycystic kidneys, pyelonephritis or obstructive nephropathy, potentially reversibel complications such as urinary tract infection or extracellular volume depletion, and high urine volume, and low blood pressure. Occasional pateints with survival exceeding 2 years suggest the possibility of prolonged benefit after a single dialysis at least in those wiht characteristics favoring longer survival. PMID- 1128761 TI - The influence of raphe lesions on the effect of morphine on nociception and cortical ACh output. PMID- 1128762 TI - Apparent feedback from the caudate nucleus to the substantia nigra following amphetamine administration. PMID- 1128763 TI - On the use of the fluorescence histochemical method to estimate catecholamine content in brain. PMID- 1128764 TI - The effect of PGE2 on contraction delay and velocity on the field stimulated guinea-pig vas deferens. PMID- 1128765 TI - [Femoro-tibial bone changes after experimental acute arterial obliteration in animals. Physiopathological problems and histological study]. PMID- 1128766 TI - [Physiopathological and clinico-therapeutic considerations on the role of the deep femoral artery in revascularization of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1128767 TI - [The problem of Winiwarter-Burger disease in the light of present-day knowledge]. PMID- 1128768 TI - [Angiocyclan in the treatment of vascular diseases. Controlled clinical results]. PMID- 1128769 TI - [On the use of betamethyldigoxin in acute cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 1128770 TI - [Gangrene of the extremities in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1128771 TI - [Cinnarizine and phosphatidyl choline in the treatment of cerebral arteriosclerotic pathology and arteriosclerosis of the lower extremities. Comparative study]. PMID- 1128772 TI - [Complications of selective coronarography]. PMID- 1128773 TI - [Current aspects of surgery of the biliary tract]. PMID- 1128774 TI - [Decompression of the lymphatic system in portal hypertension]. PMID- 1128775 TI - [Current aspects of surgery of tumors of the breast]. PMID- 1128776 TI - [Current aspects of the surgery of portal hypertension (PH)]. PMID- 1128777 TI - [Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1128778 TI - [Current aspects of vascular surgery]. PMID- 1128779 TI - [Phlebo-lymphatic surgery in the treatment of the post-phlebitic syndrome]. PMID- 1128780 TI - [Total colectomy. Its physiopathological sequelae]. PMID- 1128781 TI - [Our current trend in reconstruction by ileorectostomy after colectomy for ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 1128783 TI - [Our experience with disobliteration of the iliaco-femoral axis, using the Vollmar technic]. PMID- 1128782 TI - [Esophagoduodenostomy. Technic and results]. PMID- 1128784 TI - [Vascular anastomoses with collagen in growing animals]. PMID- 1128785 TI - [Evaluation of hepatic encephalopathy in portacaval shunts and mesenterico-caval bypass with the jugular vein]. AB - Data relating to 30 patients subjected to side-to-side porta-cava anastomosis and 30 to mesenterico-cava by-pass with the internal jugular vein are presented. At follow-up after a period of over 1 yr, encephalopathy was observed in 40% and 21% of the two groups respectively. Angiography of the coeliac tripod and superior mesenteric showed the existence of a post-operative hepatopetal flow in 80% of porta-cava cases. This incidence was only 30% in the mesenterico-cava group. The relation between the clinical and angiographic data is briefly discussed and neuropsychiatric findings in patients with a picture of hepatic encephalopathy are also presented. PMID- 1128786 TI - [Classification of congenital aortic stenosis]. AB - Recent epidemiological data relating congenital stenosis of the aorta are cited. An anatomical criterion is used in the formation of three classification groups, each containing a number of different types. There are no clear-cut clinical pictures corresponding to these anatomical varieties, however, so that differential diagnosis is dependent on the haemodynamic and contrastographic data. There are, on the other hand, clinical signs that serve as pointers to the site of the stenosis. PMID- 1128787 TI - [Our experience with peripheral arterial embolectomy]. AB - 34 cases of acute peripheral ischaemia examined in recent years at the University of Messina General Surgery Clinic are presented. 16 were subjected to embolectomy according to Fogarty. The remaining 18 received protracted medical therapy. Some successes were obtained. In other cases, gangrene necessitated amputation of the affected limb. Satisfactory results were observed in 70% of the operated series. Success was more marked when only a short interval was left between the embolic episode, with progressively poorer results as the penalty for delay. The long term results of embolectomy are related to the nature of the underlying disease and the treatment given after surgery. PMID- 1128788 TI - [Changes in electrolytes in urine, blood and edema fluid after administration of some diuretics]. PMID- 1128789 TI - [Gaucher-like cells in the spleen of an adult subject with Cooley's disease]. PMID- 1128790 TI - [Electrocardiographic aspects and radiological measurements of the heart in 15 cases of "destroyed lung"]. PMID- 1128791 TI - [Antibacterial activity in vitro of cefazolin]. PMID- 1128792 TI - [Vaccination]. PMID- 1128793 TI - [New power sources for pacemakers]. PMID- 1128794 TI - [Safety belts in the prevention of accidents to occupants of motor vehicles]. PMID- 1128795 TI - [Infant mortality and health reform]. PMID- 1128796 TI - [The association of local radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of clinically localized Ewing's sarcoma]. AB - The results obtained in 12 cases of still clinically localized Ewing's sarcoma by associating radiation therapy of the primary focus with intermittent systematic chemotherapy are reported. Two of these patients presented pulmonary and bone metastases 12 and 14 months respectively after bioptic diagnosis while the remaining ten were in good health and free from metastasis at between 6 and 28 months (average 16 months) after biopsy. Although it is considered necessary to make further observations before the association's validity is certain, it is considered that on this basis and on the basis of the few cases reported in the literature than the association of rationally conducted systematic chemotherapy with local radiation therapy will extend the onset time of metastasis and so increase average survival in Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 1128798 TI - [Measurement of the intradermal reaction to PPD in chronic hepatitis and in cirrhosis. Basic research]. AB - Personal experience on the PPD-test in 154 patients with chronic liver disease is reported. The results show a frequent hyperergic response. The comparison with a similar group of patients previously studied in the same Clinic employing the old tubercolin shows the advantages of PPD in discriminating the differential degrees of reactivitty. The hyperergic response is important not only from a theoretical point of view, confirming the presence of an abnormal immunologic equilibrium in chronic liver diseases, but it may also be of therapeutic relevance particularly in the cases where the result of the test is strong exceedingly strong. PMID- 1128797 TI - [The interrelation between obesity, hyperinsulinism and hyperuricemia]. PMID- 1128799 TI - [The Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. Clinical case]. PMID- 1128800 TI - [Diagnosis of adiastole]. PMID- 1128801 TI - [Ice hockey accidents]. AB - The present study is based on 2680 ice hockey accidents encountered in Switzerland over a period of 5 years: 1880 injuries during matches are compared with 800 that took place in training. Age: the athletes injuried during training were younger that 20 in 40% of cases; 38% of injuries in matches occurred to players aged between 20 and 24. 25% of accidents were caused by blows from the stick, particularly as a result of "high sticking"; 5% by skates; 17% by the puck (hard rubber); 17% by collisions; the remainder by crashing against the barrier, falls on the ice, body checking, etc. The most frequent injuries (42%) involved head and face: 740 dental injuries about of the 1460 facial injuries and 160 cases of concussion. The injuries affected: the legs in 21% of cases; the feet in 11%; the arms in 11%; the hands in 7% and the trunk in 8%. The commonest types of injuries were crushings and bruisings; during matches, 13% of the 1880 lesions involved fractures, a quarter of which were the result of collisions. Preventive measures would require all players to wear a helmet to protect their head, face and mouth; protective barriers should be sufficiently high; the game and rules should be taught from school age on and fair play should be instilled. PMID- 1128802 TI - [Edematous anemic syndrome in a patient with prior gastroenteroanastomosis for perforated gastric ulcer and with verified intestinal loss of protein]. PMID- 1128803 TI - [Polygraphic changes in relation to active and passive upright position after myocardial infarct]. AB - In 33 patients on the 15th day after the onset of myocardial infarct, without complications, the effects of active and passive gravitational stress on left ventricular efficiency were studied by measuring systolic intervals. It is concluded that the semivertical passive position means an unfavourable course for left ventricular dynamism wompared with thehorizontal position and that active rising, from this point of view, can be considered more physiological than passive rising. PMID- 1128804 TI - [Use of ultrasonics in medicine]. PMID- 1128805 TI - [Lymphomas: clinical stages]. AB - The degree of diffusion and the histological type are the two main features of lymphoma that determine its course and prognosis, and influence its treatment programme. Recognition of the anatomoclinical stage is now made more certain by the adoption of diagnostic procedures to be applied to all patients in the pre treatment phase in accordance with rational criteria of choice. Attention is directed to several of such methods: lymphography, photolymphoscintigraphy, scintiscanning with 67-Ga, bone biopsy and exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy. The advantages and limitations of each method are considered. PMID- 1128806 TI - [Tissue absorption and distribution of the radiosulfur contained in a sulfurous mineral water in mice]. PMID- 1128807 TI - [Therapy of senile diabetes]. AB - Changes in intermediate metabolism (amino acids, carbohydrates and plasma NEFA) noted in diabetes, obesity and old age are discussed. Results obtained in a series of 1200 cases treated with sulphanylurea with or without biguanides are presented. Metabolic compensation was obtained with the association in a larger number of obese and aged diabetics (about 15%). PMID- 1128808 TI - [The association of diabetic disease with Friedreich's disease in members of the same family]. AB - Friedreigh's disease is only rarely associated with diabetes mellitus and only few cases are to be found in the literature, especially as regards siblings. Three cases of this association in members of two different families are reported. Two of the patients died from cardiovascular complication; the third case is that of a 32-yr-old woman who was able to complete a pregnancy. The pathogenesis of the association is discussed and a number of theories are put forward. The most generally accepted genetic hypothesis makes it possible to explain under a common metabolic denominator neurological disturbances and those in other systems. The association is not a purely casual event but is perhaps dependent on either two different genes or on a single gene with pleitropic effect. Heart signs are frequent in Friedreich's disease and brief mention is made of these. PMID- 1128809 TI - [Simple glaucoma and diabetic disease]. AB - Blood sugar, blood insulin and the insulinogenic index after oral glucose were studied in 41 subjects with simple glaucoma. Clinical diabetes was present in 9.76% and asymptomatic diabetes in 21.95%. It is suggested that a high incidence of diabetes may be expected in simple glaucoma, probably as expressions of a common genetic disorder. PMID- 1128810 TI - [Oncological notes]. PMID- 1128811 TI - [Adriamycin in chemotherapy of solid tumors]. AB - From one to eight, 7 or more day spaced, three-day 0,5 mg/kg/day cycles of adriamycin (an anthracycline antiblastic very similar to daunomycin) were administered to 50 adults with various solid tumour forms. Toxic signs were constant and sometimes compelled abandonment. The main residual signs were leucopenia, alopecia and stomatitis. The drug also displayed a cardiotoxic effect, though this was less than observed with daunomycin. It is felt that the theoretical interest aroused in adriamycin as an inhibitor nucleic acid systhesis, together with its marked anti-neoplastic efficacy in the experimental animal, have been betrayed by this performance in the management of solid tumors. PMID- 1128812 TI - [Coloscopy and endoscopic polypectomy in the prevention of cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 1128813 TI - [Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (Warthin's tumor). Analysis of 14 operated cases]. PMID- 1128814 TI - [Tissue reactivity and its relation to cancers of the skin]. PMID- 1128815 TI - [Changes in some plasma parameters in the course of dextran 40]. AB - Changes in certainplasma parameters (Hc, arterial and venous VP, creatinine clearance, potassium, PA and FC) induced by Dextran 40 perfusions (500 ml at 40 drops/min and 250 ml at 20 drops/min) were examined in 50 patients. The expander effect was more intense, though less protracted when the larger quantity was used. A rebound effect 24 hr after the test was also more frequent percentage wise in this group. Significant changes in Hc were not observed for 24 hr and 96 hr respectively with the higher and the lower dose. The venous district was primarily concerned. There were also increases in blood potassium, FC and max PA, while min PA and blood proteins fell. No relation could be demonstrated between creatinine clearance and diuresis at the end of the test with respect to the amount of Dextran employed. None of these latter modifications was significant. There were no signs of intolerance. PMID- 1128816 TI - [Cranial lacunae associated with complex dysmorphism of the cerebral venous system]. PMID- 1128817 TI - [Notes on surgery of cardiac defects]. PMID- 1128818 TI - [Ultrasonics to eliminate dental calculus]. PMID- 1128819 TI - [The immunological system of the digestive tract]. PMID- 1128820 TI - [Metabolic aspects of obesity]. AB - Classification of obesity in accordance with a new anatomical and functional criterion means that a hyperplastic and a hypertrophic form can be distinguished. The distinction is of both academic and practical significance, since different metabolic changes are observed in the two forms. Hyperplastic obesity appears early in life and is particularly intractable. It is not usually accompanied by dysmetabolic signs, however. Hypertrophic obesity, on the other hand, is accompanied by endocrine and metabolic alterations, marked by insulin resistance, sugar intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hyperuricaemia. Recent data are cited for the proposition that these changes constitute a closed pathogenetic concatenation creating a vicious circle. Fatty acids play a particularly important part in this context, since they are synthetized, released, presented and oxidated to a pathological degree. PMID- 1128821 TI - [Importance of enzymes in the synovial fluid. Progress report]. AB - The significance and importance of investigation of the synovial fluid enzymes in the main arthropathies are explanined. Tables are given for the main enzymes studied, the cell compartments of origin, and data for their values in rheumatic diseases (as reported in the literature). Stress is laid on the importance of enzymes belonging to the lysosomial compartment, both in the pathogenesis of the underlying inflammation and in the relation to anatomopathological lesions in the joints. Attention is directed to the most widely accepted hypotheses. These ten to see enzymes increases in breakdown of condrocytes, as inflammatory arthritis attributable to synoviocytes and leukocytes. A personal opinion based on prior research is also presented. Further work in this sector is urged a mean of learning more about the pathology of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 1128822 TI - [Experimental analysis of some cardiovascular effects of Verapamil]. AB - In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that Verapamil dilates the coronaries, prevents coronary spasm, produces Ca++-antagonism, offers protection against myocardial necrosis, prevents arrhythmia, reduces pressure, increases the purinergic reactivity and produces inhibition of platelet aggregation. It was devoid of competitive-adrenolytic activity in the heart and vessels. A methoxy derivative of the drug (D-600) had a negative inotropic and chronotropic action and was more hypotensive than Verapamil. PMID- 1128823 TI - [The calcium-antagonistic fundamental effects of Verapamil on myocardial fibers and smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels]. AB - Ca ions regulate the amount of ATP which is metabolized in the contractile system to produce mechanical energy. Since the consumption of ATP quantitatively determines the myocardial respiration rate, oxygen consumption is also Ca dependent. Therefore, Ca-antagonistic compounds such as verapamil, D600 or nifedipine, by reducing the Ca supply to the beating heart, not only restrict ATP breakdown and mechanical activity but also myocardial oxygen demand. Moreover, Ca antagonistic drugs lower the tone of vascular smooth muscle. This action leads to coronary vasodilation and a reduction in heart load because the peripheral vascular resistance is also diminished. All these factors contribute to an improvement of the cardiac energy balance in patients with coronary disease. PMID- 1128824 TI - [Key-role of intracellular calcium overload in acute necrosis of the myocardium. Cardioprotection with verapamil]. AB - Ca ions are highly cardiotoxic if their influx into the myocardial fibres becomes abundant. The intracellular Ca overload initiates a deleterious high-energy phosphate deficiency by excessive activation of Ca-dependent intracellular ATPases and by impairing the phosphorylating capacity of mitochondria. This Ca induced high-energy phosphate exhaustion is a crucial point in the etiology of the myocardial fibre necroses produced in rats by large doses of beta-adrenergic catecholamines, particularly isoproterenol, or by a number of other cardiotoxic agents. Accordinly, the myocardium is sensitized to necrotization by factors which favour Ca overload (dihydrotachysterol, 9alpha-flourocortisol acetate, NaH2PO4). Conversely, the structural integrity of the hearts can be protected by any substance or procedure which prevents an excessive intracellular Ca accumulation, particularly by inhibitors of the transmembrane Ca influx, such as verapamil, D 600 or prenylamine. PMID- 1128825 TI - [Pathogenetic mechanisms of angina pectoris]. PMID- 1128826 TI - [Venous infusion of nerapamil in the treatment of refractory angina pectoris and arrhythmia due to associated electric instability]. AB - The therapeutic effect of Verapamil in 45 patients with angina that had failed to respond to other drugs is described. Angina was distinguished in terms of its clinical and ECG features. Verapamil was administered i.v., usually in infusions of 10-250 mg/day over periods of hours or days; alternatively, direct injections of 2,5-5 mg were employed. The effect on arterial pressure is particularly stressed. In the great majority of cases, there was a marked improvement in the symptomatology and in arrhythmic changes arising during angina. The importance of the therapeutic effects of the drug is examined and its possible mechanisms of action are discussed. PMID- 1128827 TI - [Clinical results with verapamil in the treatment of acute coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 1128828 TI - [The hemodynamic effect of verapamil by intravenous administration in middle aged, subjectively healthy subjects at rest and during exercise]. AB - After an intravenous injection of 0.1 mg Verapamil per kg body weight and during an infusion of 0.007 mg Verapamil per kg body weight and minute the heart rate increased, P,Q,-time increased, pulmonary vascular pressures increased. Aortic pressures decreased. No change in maximum dp/dt of the aortic pressure. The word maximum is still missing. Pre-ejection period decreased. During an exercise on a load of 650 kpm/min on average heart rate after Verapamil was increased, aortic pressures decreased, stroke work decreased and there were no signs of any negative inotropic effect. PMID- 1128829 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic therapy with verapamil by intravenous infusion]. AB - Rapid and slow venous infusion of various doses of Verapamil in a mixed series of 185 cases of arrhythmia since 1968 is reported. Results and electrophysiological and ECG changes observed for each type of arrhythmia examined are considered separately: atrial fibrillation-flutter, supraventricular paroxystic tachycardia (atrial and/or junctional), and hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmia. An association of i.v. Verapamil and a quinidine salt per os is suggested as an alternative to cardioversion in cases of recent atrial fibrillation-flutter. Results obtained in the treatment of arrhythmia due to electrical instability following angina and of angina following arrhythmia are also described. A study of His potentials as the premiss for using Verapamil in subjects with stimulus conductivity changes, including W.P.W. syndrome, is also reported. I.v. Verapamil was used in association with atrial and/or ventricular electrostimulation, and/or with electrical counter-shock in cases of arrhythmia (mostly supraventricular) that were especially refractory. Attention is drawn to the use of Verapamil in the control of arrhythmia after electrical cardioversion. PMID- 1128830 TI - [Clinical results with verapamil in intravenous administration in the emergency therapy of cardiac arrhythmias]. AB - Verapamil was administered intravenously to 250 patients aged between 14 and 85, suffering from tachyarrhythmia of various type. The commonest heart conditions were hypertensive cardiopathy, acquired valvular defects, and ischaemic cardiopathy. The antiarrhythmia effectiveness of the treatment is shown by the excellent results obtained in sinus tachycardia, supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, high frequency atrial fibrillations and even in a patient with WPW syndrome and supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia and in one of the 5 patients with ventricular tachycardia. Generally speaking, the treatment was continued orally in a dose of 240 mg per day, and it was possible to control the clinical situation with no side effects. PMID- 1128831 TI - [Verapamil: an original anti-arrhythmic agent]. AB - Verapamil was initially known for its anti-angina effect. When given in higher doses, it displays pharmacologically unusual anti-arrhythmic effects, since it opens up a new path in this still limited category of drugs. Experience gained in 310 cases has enabled useful doses to be established and had shown that Verapamil is very effective in the management of supraventricular rhythm disturbances. Its high dose administration modality in patients with primary insufficiency and in the aged was also determined. PMID- 1128832 TI - [The diagnosis of sideropenic anemia]. PMID- 1128833 TI - [Clinical considerations on sideropenic anemia in the aged]. PMID- 1128834 TI - [Unrecognized pagetic radiculo-medullary syndromes]. PMID- 1128835 TI - [Therapeutic use of immunodepressive agents in materno-fetal isoimmunization]. PMID- 1128836 TI - [Behavior of various classes of plasma immunoglobulins during antiblastic therapy]. PMID- 1128837 TI - [Psychological problems in the pelvic congestion syndrome]. PMID- 1128838 TI - [Rectal morphofunctional changes after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer]. PMID- 1128839 TI - [Aspects of vesico-ureteral pathology after radical abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer]. PMID- 1128840 TI - [Early and late pathology of the urinary tract after radical hysterectomy]. PMID- 1128841 TI - [Functional possibilities of the sigmoid neovagina performed during radical operations]. PMID- 1128842 TI - [Renal function in patients with the Wertheim-Meigs radical hysterectomy. Clinical-statistical study]. PMID- 1128843 TI - [Anatomo-functional results of surgical repair of the urological complications following radiotherapy, surgery or combined therapy of cervical carcinoma]. PMID- 1128844 TI - [Experimental uterine fibrosis]. PMID- 1128845 TI - [Ultrasonic tomography in the diagnosis of pelvic congestion]. PMID- 1128846 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium of the capillary blood in the uterine portio in pelvic congestion]. PMID- 1128847 TI - [Clinical aspects of the pelvic congestion and fibrosis syndrome]. PMID- 1128848 TI - [The cervix uteri in the pelvic congestion and fibrosis syndrome]. PMID- 1128849 TI - [Diagnostic value of peritoneal cytology in some benign gynecological diseases associated or not with pelvic congestion]. PMID- 1128850 TI - [Anatomo-pathological aspects of the pelvic congestion and fibrosis syndrome]. PMID- 1128851 TI - [Gynecological pathology following disorders of pelvic circulation]. PMID- 1128852 TI - [Problems of functional pathology after radical operations for cervix uteri neoplasms]. PMID- 1128853 TI - [Complications of the urinary tract in women treated undergoing the radical abdominal operation for epithelioma of the uterine cervix in the Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica di Trieste in the past 5 years]. PMID- 1128854 TI - [Importance of pelvic varicocele in the pathology of the female genital system]. PMID- 1128855 TI - [Topographic study of dysplasias and initial neoplasms of the uterine portio]. PMID- 1128856 TI - [Phlebographic studies in the pelvic congestion syndrome]. PMID- 1128857 TI - The effects of food processing on nutritional values. PMID- 1128858 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension and sickle cell trait. PMID- 1128859 TI - Thyroxine withdrawal in thyroid cancer. PMID- 1128860 TI - Autologous transfusion. Report of a 29-month experience in a large general hospital. PMID- 1128861 TI - Human rabies immune globulin now available around Ohio. PMID- 1128862 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A new diagnostic tool. PMID- 1128863 TI - Benign mixed tumor of the lacrimal gland. A case report. PMID- 1128864 TI - Detection of amblyopia in young children. PMID- 1128865 TI - "Claims-made" policies may be insurance carriers" reaction to malpractice crisis. PMID- 1128866 TI - The professional liability crisis. PMID- 1128867 TI - Legal implications of generic drug substitution. PMID- 1128868 TI - Physicians play vital role in drug enforcement conference. PMID- 1128869 TI - State mental institutions desperately need physicians. PMID- 1128870 TI - Denervation supersensitivity in Horner's Syndrome. AB - The mechanism of denervation supersensitivity was investigated, using the pupillary system as an experimental model. A pharmacological study was carried out in six patients with Horner's syndrome due to postganglionic lesions. Administration of cocaine 4 percent resulted in dilatation of the normal pupil, while subsequent instillation of phenylephrine (2.5-5 percent) produced equal dilatation in both eyes. The results of the study indicate that denervation supersensitivity of the pupil can be explained solely by impaired reabsorption of catecholamines. PMID- 1128871 TI - Corneal anesthesia induced by soaps and surfactants, lack of correlation in rabbits and humans. AB - Five commonly marketed bath and facial soaps and four commercially available hair shampoos were studied for their anesthetic effect on human and rabbit corneas. These compounds all produced anesthesia comparable to that induced by tetracaine hydrochloride 0.5 percent but lasting several hours longer in rabbits. None of the soaps or shampoos produced corneal anesthesia in humans. Studies of corneal anesthesia in rabbits may not be extrapolated to the human eye. PMID- 1128872 TI - [Findings in the fundus oculi in gangrene]. AB - A case of gas gangrene is described where gas was seen in retinal vessels. The suspicion of gas gangrene in this case arose through ophthalmoscopy. PMID- 1128873 TI - Amyloid deposits of internal elastic lamina in temporal arteritis. AB - Ten biopsy specimens from patients with temporal arteritis showed amyloid deposits replacing the arterial internal elastic lamina. In three cases the inflammatory reaction was very mild, but amyloidosis was advanced, thus suggesting a primary pathogenetic role for amyloid degeneration in temporal arteritis. The findings are compatible with those of systemic amyloidosis in patients with arteritis temporalispolymyalgia rheumatica syndrome in a few isolated instances. PMID- 1128874 TI - Prevention of experimental obstructions in the retinal microcirculation. Arterial Fluorescein Studies. AB - Platelet aggregates were formed in flowing blood by infusing ADP in the carotid artery of the dog. Under fluorographic examination, these aggregates were seen to lodge in retina vessels. Previous administration of gliclazide helped maintain normal retina circulation. PMID- 1128875 TI - The fibrinolytic system in patients with diabetes mellitus with special reference to diabetic retinopathy. AB - The fibrinolytic system has been studied in 168 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and compared to that of a group of 153 sex- and age-matched control subjects. The following determination were made: spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of the blood; fibrinolytic response to standardized venous stasis (stimulated fibrinolytic activity, "fibrinolytic capacity"); histochemical determination of fibrinolytic activators in the walls of superficial veins collected by biopsy. Diabetic patients were found as a group to have an impaired fibrinolytic system with the above fibrinolytic parameters decreased to various degrees in comparison with those of the controls. Less clear differences were observed between patients with and without ophthalmoscopically visible diabetic changes of the retina. However, patients with beginning angiopathy were found to have a significantly higher amount of fibrinolytic activators in their vessel walls than patients with more advanced retinopathy and without ophthalmoscopically detectable retinopathy. Furthermore, unlike patients without retinopathy, patients with retinopathy increased less or did not increase at all their spontaneous and stimulated fibrinolytic activity along the duration of the disease. The defective fibrinolytic system of diabetic patients may contribute to the occurrence of the vascular complications frequently seen in this disease. In the diabetic group, those patients who develop retinopathy show an impaired fibrinolytic defense with the duration of the disease. PMID- 1128876 TI - [A new type of stronger eyeglass]. PMID- 1128877 TI - [Buphthalmia in trisomy-13-syndrome]. PMID- 1128878 TI - [Hemorrhagic macular choroidopathy in young subjects]. AB - The haemorrhagic macular choroidopathy is a characteristic and rather frequent disease, which is seen in young subjects. We observed it in 23 patients, aged between 12 and 51 years. The disease resembles the presumed histoplasmin choroiditis, described in the American literature. In our cases, histoplasmosis can nevertheless be excluded and in the American cases it is not proven. In fact, the etiology is still unknown, but in 13 of our cases the origin may have been a disseminated choroiditis. PMID- 1128879 TI - [Clinical-neurological and electromyographical studies of inpatients isolated with selective pigmentary retinopathy]. AB - 1. 37 patients with pigmentary retinopathy, seeming otherwise healthy, were thoroughly examined for fine symptoms in other parts of the body, in particular for neuropathies and for blood chemistry peculiarities. 2. In 19 cases some constitutional pathology was discovered, in 4 cases hearing was affected by inner ear changes. 3. Clinically patients behaviour was changed and with electroencephalgraphy an encephalopathy was found in 7 cases. 4. Electroencephalograms were in more than 50% of cases slightly abnormal. 5. A myastenic reaction, confirmed by electromyography, occurred in one case (but not in its sibling who had also a pigmentary retinopathy.) 6. In 14 cases electromyogram was showing a neurogenic damage. Motor nerve conduction speed was lowered in 2 cases, in 5 cases it was at the lower limit of normal. In 6 cases very long distal latence times were noted. In 2 cases action potential was shortened but this could not be considered as a myopathy for certain. 7. In 6 cases a hyperlipoproteinaemia occurred. In 2 cases a mild diabetes mellitus, in 7 cases uric acid level in serum was raised. The number of cases was too small to give a statistical importance to those findings. 8. Cerebrospinal fluid was found normal in all cases. 9. This study should lead to further investigations. In spite of the small number of cases one can presume that pigmentary retinopathy is not an independent defect but is a phenomenon of a polygenetic entity. PMID- 1128880 TI - [Exudative diabetic retinopathy. A fluorescence angiography study]. AB - For elucidation of the pathogenesis of the lipoidic depostis due to diabetic retinopathy, 40 patients (44 eyes) were submitted to fluorescence angiography in intervals of 4-6 months; the follow-up covered 1-3 years, the average time being 1.75 years. In 43 of 44 cases, disturbances of the permeability of retinal blood vessels were found, their extent correlating with the size of the exudate foci. An increased perfound, thier extent correlating with the size of the exudate foci. An increased permeation of the dye was closely connected with an increased exudation, and a decreased vascular permeability was connected with a regression of lipoidic deposits. PMID- 1128881 TI - Fractures and dislocations of the distal clavicle. PMID- 1128882 TI - Total glenohumeral joint replacement. AB - Some of the anatomical considerations of the glenohumeral joint with respect to prosthetic replacement have been discussed. One approach to prosthetic design has been presented along with the early clinical experience with this design. It is hoped that this information will serve as a reference point for future work to be done in this area. PMID- 1128883 TI - Arthrodesis of the shoulder. PMID- 1128884 TI - The rheumatoid shoulder. AB - The rheumatoid shoulder is a frequent manifestation in the rheumatoid patient. Most of the symptoms are of a mild to moderate degree and can usually be ameliorated by heat, massage, and gently exercise. Local injection therapy may be of value in selected cases. Strenuous exercise or manipulation is contraindicated. Tendon ruptures and rotator cuff tears are not amenable to surgical reconstruction and are adequately treated with a conservative regimen. Prophylactic synovectomy is not performed as a routine, because the majority of patients do not develop disabling symptoms. This procedure is usually restricted to the few patients who exhibit uncontrollable proliferative synovitis. Prosthetic replacement is employed for intractable pain with full anticipation of limitied mobility. Various designs of a "total shoulder" are undergoing clinical evaluation, but their application has not been defined. PMID- 1128886 TI - [Constrictive pericarditis]. PMID- 1128885 TI - [Continuous prophylactic vaccination agains measles]. PMID- 1128887 TI - [Saint's syndrome]. PMID- 1128889 TI - [The syndrome]. PMID- 1128888 TI - [The CRST syndrome]. PMID- 1128890 TI - [Roetgen examination of the hip joint in infancy]. PMID- 1128891 TI - [Letter: Reye's syndrome or postinfectious encephalopathy]. PMID- 1128892 TI - [Letter: Reconstructive surgery of the arteries and suture material shortage]. PMID- 1128893 TI - [Elementary roentgenologic anatomy of the liver]. PMID- 1128894 TI - [Phenobarbital and cholestyramin in recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 1128895 TI - [Radiological aspects of indications for pregnancy interruption]. PMID- 1128896 TI - [Letters: Problems of knowledge of foreign languages in physicians]. PMID- 1128897 TI - Peer review protection act does what title says. PMID- 1128898 TI - American indian health care-goal for all? PMID- 1128899 TI - Know the expert response to income tax questions. PMID- 1128900 TI - Rules for office aides-tools to build good practice. PMID- 1128901 TI - The Chinese acute abdomen. PMID- 1128902 TI - Hemophilia in childhood. PMID- 1128903 TI - Practical application of fiberoptic colonoscopy in the management of colonicdisorders. PMID- 1128904 TI - Degenerative arthritis of the hip. PMID- 1128905 TI - Treating wringer injuries. PMID- 1128906 TI - Social, legal, and psychological effects of rape on the victim. PMID- 1128907 TI - Collection at the source can be professional. PMID- 1128908 TI - Health maintenance organizations--some issues. PMID- 1128909 TI - Orthopedic problems in hemophilia. PMID- 1128910 TI - Preventing hand disability from infection. PMID- 1128911 TI - Acupuncture--an attitude and perspective. PMID- 1128912 TI - Physician manpower report--shows need for more primary care physicians. PMID- 1128913 TI - Subclinical lead burden: relation to hemoglobin and hematocrit values. PMID- 1128914 TI - Dog bite! PMID- 1128915 TI - Secondary repair of common bile duct injuries. PMID- 1128916 TI - Behavior modification in medical practice. PMID- 1128917 TI - The effect of moisture stress upon the hatching of Nematodirus battus larvae. AB - An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of soil moisture stress upon the hatching behaviour of Nematodirus battus. The method involved the use of polyethylene glycol solutions to maintain a steady osmotic pressure around a soil containing N. battus eggs, which were ready to hatch. Different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (creating different moisture stresses) were found to affect the numbers and the rate of egg hatching markedly. PMID- 1128918 TI - Variations in the water content of the larvae of Nematodirus battus during the hatching process. AB - During a series of experiments on the ecology of Nematodirus battus observations were made on the uptake of water by eggs containing third-stage larvae. It was found that, as they approached hatching, the water content of the larvae increased markedly, then fell immediately after they escaped from the shell. The method of measuring the water content, using interferometry, is also described. PMID- 1128919 TI - Intestinal pathology associated with Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in sheep: histology. AB - Observations were made on the histology of tissues from the first 6-10 m of the small intestine from both sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and from uninfected controls. In uninfected animals, and in distal samples from infected lambs, villi were tall and covered by tall columnar epithelium, the intestinal crypts were convoluted and the lamina propria was only moderately cellular. In tissues with sub-total villus atrophy and a convoluted surface, the superficial epithelium was usually low columnar, often with an indistinct brush border. More severely affected mucosa was flat, with low surface epithelium and protruding crypt openings. The flat surfaces frequently had leaks of eosinophilic material and polymorphonuclear cells between enterocytes, or through erosions in the epithelium. Such defects were smaller and less frequent in mucosa with a convoluted surface. There were increased mitoses in intestinal crypts and a heavy inflammatory cell infiltrate in the lamina propria. Mast cell, globule leucocyte and theliolymphocyte numbers were not increased in infected sheep. PMID- 1128920 TI - Intestinal pathology associated with Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in sheep: vascular permeability and ultrastructure of the mucosa. AB - Increased permeability of capillaries and venules, labelled with colloidal carbon, was observed in the superficial mucosa of the small intestine of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The labelled vessels were restricted to infected portions of the gut, and the intensity of labelling appeared to be related to density of the worm population. Open junctions were seen between endothelial cells in permeable vessels. In moderately atrophic infected intestine, enterocytes were domed, had sparse, short, distorted microvilli and many polyribosomes. Tight junctions between enterocytes seemed to be intact and distended intercellular spaces were seen. In more severely atrophic mucosa, enterocytes had distended mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, bizarre shapes, and the continuity of the epithelial sheet was occasionally disrupted. There was oedema in the lamina propria and neutrophils were seen in migration to the lumen of the gut. The possible mechanisms inducing these changes and their significance in terms of plasma protein loss and intestinal function are discussed. PMID- 1128921 TI - Studies on immunity with three species of avian trypanosomes. AB - The ability of three species of avian trypanosome, Trypanosoma corvi, T. bouffardi and T. everetti, to protect against heterologous and homologous challenge has been studied in susceptible birds. None protects against challenge with either or both of the other two species and mixed infections can be obtained experimentally. With T. bouffardi, both apparently sterile and premune states exist after initial infection and the host is immune to challenge with homologous strains; heterologous strains sometimes break this immunity and produce shorter, lower parasitaemias. T. everetti remains in the circulating blood for long periods at low levels and challenge doses with the homologous strain result in a slightly elevated parasitaemia for a few days. T. corvi produces a degree of immunity after the initial infection which usually results in a reduced second parasitaemic peak of shorter duration when birds are challenged with a homologous strain. PMID- 1128922 TI - Observations on the bionomics of Pseudolynchia canariensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). AB - Host suitability, reproduction, effects of temperature on reproduction and pupal development, effects of humidity on pupal development and the effects of photoperoid on puparial deposition, pupal development and adult emergence were studied in a laboratory colony of Pseudolynchia canariensis. Flies were observed to lack strong host specificity. Puparia were produced at regular 24 h intervals by flies maintained at 30 degrees C, averaging 8-8 puparia per female. Optimum temperature for colony maintenance was observed to range between 26-6 and 30-0 degrees C. Temperatures of 13 and 37 degrees C were lethal to pupae. Humidity and photoperiod did not markedly affect pupal development. Puparial deposition and adult emergence occurred only during the photoperiod. PMID- 1128923 TI - Laboratory studies with some recent anticoccidials. AB - The activities of monensin, lasalocid and halofuginone against Eimeria tenella, E. brunetti and E. necatrix have been studied under laboratory conditions. Complete control of experimental infections in the chick, separable from toxicity, was not obtained with monensin, but was achieved with the other two compounds at levels of 150 and 6 ppm in the food respectively. All three compounds appear to inhibit coccidial development very early in the life-cycle, and to have a fairly rapid lethal effect, monensin and lasalocid more so than the febrifugine derivative. In vivo observations have been supplemented with in vitro studies. Some discussion of the difficulties of relating laboratory experiments to field performance is given. PMID- 1128924 TI - Fine structure and development of schizonts, merozoites and macrogamonts of Eimeria acervulina in the goblet cells of the duodenal epithelium of experimentally infected birds. AB - The fine structure of trophozoites, schizonts, merozoites and macrogamonts of Eimeria acervulina found in goblet cells of the duodenal epithelium of chicks is described and compared with the corresponding stages formed in other epithelial cells. Complete schizogony, with the formation of mature merozoites, occurred freely in goblet cells. Developing macrogamonts (but no microgamonts) were rarely found in goblet cells. The stages observed were confined to the cytoplasm of the host cell above the Golgi apparatus and were usually seen between the mucous granules. The stages seen appeared normal, and contained similar structures to corresponding stages developing in other cells. The finding of developing stages of E. acervulina in goblet cells provides further evidence that site specificity of Eimeria at the cellular level is not as strict as previously thought. PMID- 1128925 TI - Genetic factors in susceptibility of Biomphalaria glabrata for different strains of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Biomphalaria glabrata selected for genetic differences in susceptibility to infection with a Puerto Rican strain of Schistosoma mansoni were exposed to miracidia of a strain of S. mansoni from St Lucia. The St Lucian strain was less infective than the Puerto Rican. Results suggested that in snails susceptible to the Puerto Rican S. mansoni differences in susceptibility to the St Lucian straing were determined by a single gene, with insusceptibility dominant. PMID- 1128926 TI - Feeding of Boophilus microplus larvae on a partially defined medium through thin slices of cattle skin. AB - Larvae of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus will attach to thin (0-3--0-5 mm) slices of cattle skin and engorge on a partially defined medium at 35 degrees C. Forty-seven to 83 per cent of the larvae had engorged by 8 days, and 51--71 per cent of these moulted to nymphs. Tissue culture medium alone allowed little growth unless supplemented with dialysed, freeze dried bovine serum (7 per cent, w/v). This medium could be further difined by substituting purified bovine serum albumin (Cohn fraction V) for the dialysed bovine serum. In one experiment, nymphs of Haemaphysalis longicornis engorged and later moulted to adults. Skin slices were used fresh or after freeze-drying and storing at --25 degrees C. The possible uses of the culture method are discussed. PMID- 1128927 TI - The number and morphology of trypanosomes in the blood and lymph of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense. AB - The thoracic lymph duct of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei and with T. congolense was cannulated at different stages of infection. Trypanosomes were always present in the lymph of rats infected with T. brucei, wheras they were absent or very scarce in the lymph of rats infected with T. congolense. There were greater fluctuations in the numbers of trypanosomes in the blood than in the lymph. The intra- and extravascular populations of T. brucei differed: stumpy forms were present only in blood; dividing forms were usually more numerous in lymph. PMID- 1128928 TI - The lethal effect of mebendazole on secondary Echinococcus granulosus, cysticerci of Taenia pisiformis and tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti. AB - Oral administration of mebendazole at a rate of 1 g/kg feed (approximately 50 mg/kg body weight/day) for 14 days killed mature and immature cysticerci of Taenia pisiformis in rabbits, and multiplying tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti in mice. Progressive degrees of parasite damage caused by mebendazole treatment could be assessed by histological examination of calcereous corpuscles. A single subcutaneous injection of 10 percent mebendazole in carrier, at a rate of 100 mg/kg body weight, resulted in the death of all M. corti tetrathyridia in mice within 4 weeks, but the drug in saline was slowly mobilized and was relatively ineffective. Neither subcutaneous injections of mebendazole in saline or in carrier could kill cysticerci of T. pisiformis within 5 weeks, but the drug in carrier was effective after several months. Mebendazole in saline was effective when injected intraperitoneally, but adhesions often resulted from this route of administration. Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection were rapidly encapsulated by host lymphoid cells. The vesiculating protoscoleces were all contained within a fibrous capsule for more than 2 months after infection, but by 4 months almost all had grown free of the host reaction. Treatment of the encapsulated protoscoleces with mebendazole in feed for 14-21 days caused collapse of the outer cysts and death of the germinal membrane of all but the innermost protoscoleces. Six weeks later, however, cysts had regrown from surviving germinal tissue and a further treatment with mebendazole in feed for 14-21 days again did not destroy all germinal cells. Treatment of the 4-month-old scoleces with mebendazole in feed for 14 days caused all cysts to collapse and destroyed practically all E. granulosus germinal tissue. Three subcutaneous injections of mebendazole at fortnightly intervals, of drug in saline at 500 mg/kg body weight, or in carrier at 100 mg/dg body weight, were required in order apparently to kill all secondary cysts of E. granulosus. Host lymphoid cells were not able to traverse the laminated membrane of either untreated or collapsed cysts, and it has been shown that only a small amount of living germinative tissue is required to produce a new E. granulosus cyst. These factors could contribute to the relative ability of E. granulosus cysts to recover from mebendazole treatment, compared with cysticerci or tetrathyridia. The effectiveness of mebendazole thus seemed to depend on the formulation of the drug and its route of administration. Mebendazole is probably the first anthelmintic to have a lethal effect on larval cestodes. When applied orally there do not appear to be any adverse effects due to treatment. PMID- 1128929 TI - Nematode parasites of Puerto Rican tree frogs, Eleutherodactylus spp: two new species and a proposal of Poekilostrongylus gen. nov. (Trichostrongylidae). AB - Poekilostrongylus puertoricensis gen.nov., sp.nov. is proposed for nematodes recovered from Eleutherodactylus coqui, in Puerto Rico. The new genus is similar to Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917, but lacks longitudinal ridges on the cuticle. Oswaldocruzia lenteixierai Viqueras, 1938, is partially redescribed, and a key to the genera of the Oswaldocruziinae is given. Thelandros (Parathelandros) garciai sp.nov. is described from E. antillensis and E. portoricensis. Strongyloides sp. was found in E. antillensis and Aplectana spp. (females) were recovered from E. locustus, E. richmondi and E. coqui. PMID- 1128930 TI - [Immunoglobulin concentration in children with an exudative-catarrhal diathesis]. PMID- 1128931 TI - [Catamnestic observations of children having cutaneous manifestations of an exudative diathesis at an early age]. PMID- 1128932 TI - [The Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 1128933 TI - [Clinical characteristics of pneumonia of staphylococcal etiology in young children]. PMID- 1128934 TI - [The pathogenesis and clinical picture of urinary tract lesions in children with viral respiratory infections]. PMID- 1128935 TI - [Detection of allergic leukocytolysis with renal and pelvic antigens in the dynamics of pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 1128937 TI - [The spectrum of free amino acids in the blood and urine of children with chronic biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 1128936 TI - [Histamine and heparin metabolism in children with chronic gastritis and ulcer disease]. PMID- 1128938 TI - [Serum free amino acid concentration in children with chronic biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 1128939 TI - [The dynamics of several indices of non-specific immunologic reactivity in children with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1128940 TI - [Prospects for the growth of scientific research in the field of pediatrics in the Ukraine between 1975 and 1980]. PMID- 1128941 TI - [The effect of different methods of labor stimulation on the functional state of the placenta and fetus]. PMID- 1128942 TI - [Several blood coagulation indices in infants delivered by cesarean section]. PMID- 1128943 TI - [The physical development of newborn infants and the free amino acid nitrogen concentration in the blood of mother and fetus and in placental homogenates]. PMID- 1128944 TI - [Birth injuries to the brachial plexus in newborn infants]. PMID- 1128945 TI - [Providing relaxation for gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 1128946 TI - [The functional state of the hyaluronidase-hyaluronic acid system in the postoperative period of gynecologic patients and its role in the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications]. PMID- 1128947 TI - [Gynecologic morbidity in mentally ill women]. PMID- 1128948 TI - [Experience with the work of a clinical office devoted to early diagnosis of cancer of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 1128949 TI - [Several mechanisms of blood oxygenation disorders in children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1128950 TI - [A change in free heparin time in children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1128951 TI - [The effectiveness of complex sanitation in the treatment of chronic non-specific pneumonia in children with an asthmatic syndrome]. PMID- 1128952 TI - Latrogenesis imperfecta--a new pediatric problem. AB - In this medical age which relies heavily on electronic and technologic advances, the physician is often willing to place unwarranted confidence in laboratory data regarding his patients. In those unusual situations in which the patient is not directly examined, e.g., prospective screening or prenatal diagnosis, treatment errors can be made. These acts of commissions are initiated by interpretation of laboratory data and can result in detrimental effects to the patient. The term iatrogenesis imperfecta has been designated to describe this situation. PMID- 1128953 TI - China--lessons for the United States. PMID- 1128954 TI - Prenatal exposure to stilbestrol and adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract: the pediatrician's responsibility. PMID- 1128955 TI - The pathology of neonatal osteomyelitis. AB - The examination of multiple bones from a child who died of complications of septicemia and osteomyelitis elucidated the pathologic processes of infantile osteomyelitis. From a metaphyseal focus, there is spread in several directions. Most important, the infection can spread across the growth plate, along transphyseal vessels, to penetrate the epiphysis. Areas of direct destruction of growth plate were frequent findings, and allowed another route into the epiphysis. PMID- 1128956 TI - Maternal thyroid status and the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome: evaluation of a proposed relationship. AB - In order to establish whether maternal thyroid hormones cross the placenta and produce surfactant in the fetus, possibly reducing the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDD), a retrospective analysis of low-birthweight infants was undertaken. Results indicate that maternal thyroid hormones play a negligible role and that any thyroid mediation would result from fetal thyroid activity. PMID- 1128957 TI - Plasma corticoids in the respiratory distress syndrome and in normal infants. AB - Serial plasma samples for corticoid determination were obtained during the neonatal period in 16 infants with RDS (eight of whom died) and 44 healthy babies. The median corticoid level in the eight infants with RDS who was considerably higher than that of patients with RDS who survived, or the normal babies. The median corticoid level in the surviving RDS infants was statistically greater than that of the normal controls, but the actual difference was only 1.9 mug/100 ml. Simultaneous pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3- and corticoid measurements were obtained serially in five patients with fatal RDS. However, the correlation between plasma corticoids and the acid-base determination was poor in all but one infant. It is concluded that infants are able to respond to severe physical stress in the neonatal period with an appropriate rise in plasma corticoid concentration, but lesser degrees of illness may cause only minimal changes in corticoid levels. PMID- 1128958 TI - Neonatal bromide intoxication: prenatal ingestion of a large quantity of bromides with transplacental accumulation in the fetus. AB - A 27-year-old woman who was 34 weeks pregnant was admitted in a semicomatose state. Five days later she gave birth to an infant who demonstrated significant CNS depression. Elevated blood levels confirmed bromide intoxication in both the mother and infant secondary to chronic maternal bromide ingestion (Nervine). Simultaneous determinations revealed a higher initial serum bromide level in the infant compared to that of the mother in spite of a subsequent more rapid rate of disappearance in the neonate. It is suggested that the drug history obtained from the pregnant woman include nonprescription medications containing bromides. This possibility should also be included in the differential diagnosis in infants exhibiting evidence of CNS depression, particularly those born to mothers classified as neurotic or psychotic. PMID- 1128959 TI - Hemophilus influenzae meningitis at the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston, 1958 to 1973. AB - Three hundred ninety-seven children were admitted to the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston between 1958 and 1973 with H. influenzae meningitis. The annual rate of admission and the percent of all cases of bacterial meningitis were not changed from that of the preceding decade. The age incidence was strikingly similar to that reported from this hospital for 1920 to 1932. PMID- 1128960 TI - Stinging-insect hypersensitivity: a 20-year study of immunologic treatment. PMID- 1128961 TI - The risks of paracervical anesthesia: intoxication and neurological injury of the newborn. PMID- 1128962 TI - Fatal chloroquine poisoning in a child: experience with peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 1128964 TI - Alcohol comsumption: an adolescent problem. PMID- 1128963 TI - Child care in the People's Republic of China: 1973. PMID- 1128965 TI - Medication for hyperkinetic children. PMID- 1128967 TI - Letter: The need to ban competitive sports involving preadolescent children. PMID- 1128966 TI - Participation in sports by girls. PMID- 1128968 TI - Letter: Additional comments on Tc PO2 by Dr. Rooth. PMID- 1128969 TI - Letter: Question regarding pooled data. PMID- 1128970 TI - Letter: Is transcutaneous Po2 reliable for arterial oxygen monitoring in newborn infants? PMID- 1128971 TI - Letter: Sacral agenesis. PMID- 1128972 TI - Letter: The challenge is there. PMID- 1128973 TI - Letter: What is the prognosis in subarachnoidal bleeding in infants? PMID- 1128974 TI - Letter: Minor vulval injury presenting as acute urinary retention. PMID- 1128975 TI - Letter: The need for control study in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 1128976 TI - Letter: Nurses volunteer help. PMID- 1128977 TI - Letter: Question about fluoride in formulas. PMID- 1128978 TI - Letter: Breast-feeding and fluoride. PMID- 1128979 TI - Letter: Increased lead burden and the energy crisis. PMID- 1128980 TI - Letter: Can neonatal assessment predict withdrawal symptoms? PMID- 1128981 TI - Letter: Photodistribution of viral exanthems. PMID- 1128982 TI - The sudden infant death syndrome: a new theory. PMID- 1128983 TI - The xanthine treatment of apnea of prematurity. PMID- 1128984 TI - Treatment of severe apnea in prematures with orally administered theophylline. AB - Twelve premature infants with primary apnea were treated with theophylline as an alternative to mechanical ventilation. There was a significant (P smaller than .005) reduction in the mean daily number and the severity of apneic episodes after treatment. The only significant side effect noted was a rise in heart rate. PMID- 1128985 TI - The pediatric pneumogram: a new method for detecting and quantitating apnea in infants. AB - A clinically useful diagnostic method has been developed for detecting and quantitating periods of apnea in pediatric patients. This procedure, called the pediatric pneumogram, permits the continuous recording on magnetic tape, for periods of up to 13 hours, of the respiratory pattern of infants utilizing an impedance technique. This test has been employed successfully in a variety of infants to evaluate respiratory activity and has permitted the objective documentation of apneic and cyanotic episodes, as well as an assessment of the eff ectiveness of therapy. PMID- 1128986 TI - Chemoreceptor reflexes in preterm infants: I. The effect of gestational and postnatal age on the ventilatory response to inhalation of 100% and 15% oxygen. AB - We studied 16 "healthy" preterm infants (birthweight, 1,000 to 2,000 gm) 94 times during postnatal life to define the effect of gestational and postnatal age on the ventilatory response to 100% and 15% oxygen. They were given air, then 100% oxygen for two and five minutes respectively (No.=63) or 21%, 15% and then 21% oxygen for five minutes each (No.=31). We measured respiratory minute and tidal volumes, frequency, heart rate, and alveolar PCO2 and PO2. We used the magnitude of the immediate change in ventilation during during 100% and 15% oxygen breathing to test peripheral chemoreceptor function. The immediate decrease in ventilation with 100% oxygen and the immediate increase in ventilation with 15% oxygen were statistically similar at different gestational and postnatal ages. The late increase in ventilation (five minutes) with 100% oxygen was also similar at different ages. However, the late decrease in ventilation with 15% oxygen was not present at 18 days of age. These findings suggest that: (1) the peripheral chemo-receptors are active at least from 28 weeks of gestation and are probably not important in triggering periodic breathing or apnea in preterm infants, and (2) the preterm infant matures his response to hypoxia and is able to sustain hyperventilation with low oxygen by 18 days of age. PMID- 1128987 TI - Chemoreceptor reflexes in preterm infants: II. The effect of gestational and postnatal age on the ventilatory response to inhaled carbon dioxide. AB - We studied nine "healthy" preterm infants (birthweight, 1,000 to 2,000 gm) 58 times during postnatal life to define the effects of gestational and postnatal age on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. The infants were given air and 2% and 4% carbon dioxide in air to breathe for five minutes each. We determined respiratory minute and tidal volumes, frequency,heart rate, and alveolar PCO2 and PO2. We measured ventilation with a nosepiece and a screen flowmeter, using a constant flow-through to eliminate valves and reduce diad space. Analysis were made during the fifth minute while the baby breathed the various gas mistures. The slope of the carbon dioxide response increased 42% from 32 to 37 weeks gestation (P smaller than .05) and 62% from 2 to 27 days of age (P smaller than. 025). However, the intercept at .3 liter/min/kg was the same at different gestational ages, but significantly greater at 2 compared with 27 days of age (P smaller than.05). We sugest that the unresposiveness primarily dependent on the mechanical abnormalities of the lung. PMID- 1128988 TI - Rapid diagnosis of sickle cell disease at birth by microcolumn chromatography. AB - Accurate specific diagnosis of sickle cell disease can now be made at birth on routinely obtained cord blood samples by microcolumn chromatography. The method uses a small column of a cation ion exchange resin, CM-Sephadex, and a single developer that allows definitive rapid distinction of hemoglobin SS, AS, AC, SC, and CC, within two hours. Seventy-five samples or more per day have been analyzed by one technician in a laboratory without special precautions or equipment. In a program which has been initiated on a large, totally unpredictable obstetrical service in Los Angeles, 10,401 consecutively born infants have been studied for hemoglobin type without regard to racial origin. Three SS infants, 1 SC, 143 AS infants, and 37 AC infants as well as several with other abnormal hemoglobins have been identified without interfering with the routine operation of the delivery rooms of the obstetrical service. The diagnosis of sickle cell disease has been confirmed on subsequent examinations of the infants. The feasibility of using microcolumn chromatography as a rapid, accurate, inexpensive, and easy method for the rapid diagnosis of sickle cell disease in newborns has now been established. PMID- 1128989 TI - Percutaneous carciac catheterization of the neonate. AB - A modified Seldinger percutaneous approach for catheterization was used for cardiac evaluation and monitoring of infants weighing less than 4,520 gm. From January 1968, through April 1971, 160 left- and 230 right-sided cardiac procedures were done. After July 1969 81% of all left-and 42% of all right-sided procedures were done percutaneously. After October 1969 catheters were also inserted percutaneously in 20 infants for intensive care monitoring. During this period three children were noted to have dimished pulse on discharge, two were noted to have vascular thrombosis, and two had episodes of bleeding from the catheter site requiring transfusion of fresh blood. Both instances of vascular thrombosis occurred in infants with monitoring catheters. The percutaneous method of catheter insertion into the femoral vessels offers a safe method for cardiac catheterization of the neonate and of insertion of monitoring catheters where the umbilical route is not feasible. Vessel continuity is also preserved, providing a route for repeated studies if necessary. PMID- 1128990 TI - The application of acoustic impedance measurements to pediatric clinical practice. AB - This article provides background information on acoustic impedance testing and illustrates utilization of test results in pediatric clinical practice. Acoustic impedance measurement devices are presently being used successfully by hearing screening programs and by otorhinolaryngologists in clinical and hospital settings. As a diagnostic tool, the acoustic impedance bridge can have particular applicability in dealing withe young children and other difficult-to test populations. Impedance measurements can provide physicians with objective information about the condition of the middle ear, oftentimes more accurately than either otoscopic examination or standard audiometry. The technique described can assist physicians in diagnosing middle-ear diseases and in monitoring the effects of otological treatment. PMID- 1128991 TI - Relationship of maternal and infant iron stores as assessed by determination of plasma ferritin. AB - Using plasma ferritin derminations, iron stores have been evaluated at the end of pregnancy in 26 women and followed sequentially in their healthy, full-term infants. It has been shown that the iron storage status of the mother does not affect the iron status of the infant. Determinations of plasma ferritin in the infants have demonstrated that by 6 months of age the iron status of the infant reflects the adequacy of the dietary intake of iron. In the absence of effective iron supplementation during the first six months, plasma ferritin levels fall to low levels, indicating the depletion of iron stores in the infant. PMID- 1128992 TI - The modification of pediatrician activity following the addition of the pediatric nurse practitioner to the ambulatory care setting: a time-and motion study. AB - Time and motion studies were performed before and after PNPs began working in the offices of three pediatricians and the emergency room of a municipal general hospital. Pediatricians' activities changed in different ways, but all benefited by the generation of available time. The three pediatricians in office settings gained the equivalents of 21.6%, 21.7%, and 36% of the working day by the addition of the PNP. Physicians working in the emergency room gained 14.7% during that time of day the PNP was present. PNP visits with patients were longer than those of the pediatricians, the average length of time being related directly to that of the associate physician. Patients interviewed perceived no difference in personal characteristics between pediatricians and PNPs in three of the four settings. In the fourth setting, both were at high levels, but the pediatrician ranked higher than the PNP. PMID- 1128993 TI - Experience and reason--briefly recorded. Citrobacter diversus meningitis: a case report. PMID- 1128994 TI - Letter: Comments and questions on the neurotoxicity of hexachlorophene. PMID- 1128996 TI - The case of the new family physician and the practicing pediatrician in delivery of health care for children in Canada. PMID- 1128995 TI - LETTER: Treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica with zinc sulfate. PMID- 1128997 TI - LETTER: Danger of styrofoam cups. PMID- 1128998 TI - LETTER: Broken appointments: questions, not answers. PMID- 1128999 TI - Letter: Assumptions on battering questioned. PMID- 1129000 TI - [Epidemiological criteria in determination of contraindications for prophylactic vaccination against diphtheria and whooping cough]. PMID- 1129001 TI - [Work of the sonsultation rooms concerning the immunological prevention of pediatric infections]. PMID- 1129002 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic characteristics of asthmatic syndrome in acute respiratory viral infections in young children]. PMID- 1129003 TI - [Characteristics of humoral and local immunity in young children in acute respiratory diseases and pneumonia]. PMID- 1129004 TI - [Study of vitamin B 6 metabolism in children of the 1st year of life with acute respiratory viral infections]. PMID- 1129005 TI - [Prenventive vaccination against infectious diseases and the problem of post vaccinal pathology]. PMID- 1129006 TI - [Study of the functional state of the bronchi in young children with acute respiratory viral diseases]. PMID- 1129007 TI - [Use of human leukocytic interferon for the prevention and treatment of respiratory viral diseases in children under hospital conditions]. PMID- 1129008 TI - [Rhinogenic complications in influenza in children]. PMID- 1129009 TI - [Phagocytic activity of leukocytes and their total number in the blood in influenza of children]. PMID- 1129010 TI - [Cytochemical characteristics of lymphocytes of peripheral blood in children during the 1st year of life after APDT vaccination]. PMID- 1129011 TI - [Cytochemistry of leukocytes in acute respiratory diseases with the croup syndrome in children]. PMID- 1129012 TI - [Use of glucocorticoid hormones in acute stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis in children]. PMID- 1129013 TI - [Clinical course of infectious mononucleosis in young children]. PMID- 1129014 TI - [Staphylococcal infection in children]. PMID- 1129015 TI - [Clinical characteristics of meningococcal nasopharyngitis]. PMID- 1129016 TI - [Intrauterine viral infection]. PMID- 1129017 TI - [Superslight luminescence of biological systems as a new form of information on certain physiological and pathological processes in the body]. PMID- 1129018 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae and infectious pathology of the nervous system. Discussion of its role apropos of 4 recent cases]. PMID- 1129019 TI - [Congenital hemolytic anemia due to triosephosphate isomerase deficiency]. PMID- 1129020 TI - [Masculin phenotype in a child with a predominant 46, XX clone]. PMID- 1129021 TI - [Central thyroid insufficiency in the 47, XYY syndrome]. PMID- 1129022 TI - [A case of general paralysis in an 8-year-old child. Value of immunoglobulins studies of the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 1129023 TI - [Lyon hemoglobin: discovery of an abnormal hemoglobin due to deletion of aminoacids (beta 17-18 (A 14-15) lys-val equals 0)]. PMID- 1129024 TI - [Familial syndrome associating juvenile diabetes mellitus and primary optic atrophy. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 1129025 TI - [Klinefelter's syndrome. Trilogy of Fallot. Teratoma of the mediastinum and early puberty]. PMID- 1129026 TI - Sudden death in infancy: a report for pathologists. PMID- 1129027 TI - Fetal deprivation and placental pathology: concepts and relationships. PMID- 1129028 TI - Hyaline membrane disease and a related spectrum of neonatal pneumopathies. PMID- 1129029 TI - Peripheral neuroectodermal tumors. PMID- 1129030 TI - DiGeorge's or the III-IV pharyngeal pouch syndrome: pathology and a theory of pathogenesis. AB - Six new cases of the III-IV pharyngeal pouch syndrome were encountered at autopsy among 897 consecutive pediatric autoposies. All occurred in patients with conotruncal cardiac anomalies. The anatomic characteristics of the heart defect suggest a possible mechanism for the pathogenesis of this developmental anomaly. It is postulated that premature involution of the thyroidea ima artery, which is the principal embryonic blood source to the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches and the ultimobranchial body, may be the critical event in the embryogenesis of the syndrome. Hemodynamic alterations in the course of anomalous morphogenesis of conotruncal anomalies may favor premature involution of certain vessels including the left 4th aortic arch and the thyroidea ima. Deficiencies of thymus, parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial tissue ("C" cells) may be the consequence of vascular deprivation during embryogenesis. These cases are discussed with regard to the proposed mechanism of pathogenesis and the influence of varying quantities of thymus upon peripheral lymphoid tissue. Both embryologic and clinical data support the possibility of a deficiency of ultimobranchial tissue. The range of minor and inconstant anomalies seen in patients with this syndrome is presented. PMID- 1129031 TI - Hirschsprung's disease - a pathologist's view. PMID- 1129032 TI - Organ culture of human tissues in pediatric pathology: current state of the art. PMID- 1129033 TI - [Short term dialysis. Advantages and risks of the new strategies]. PMID- 1129034 TI - [Chemotherapeutic combinations of mutually potentializing drugs. 1-Application to the treatment of breast cancers]. AB - 27 patients suffering from disseminated carcinoma of the breast with at least two visceral metastases, and two had become resistant to conventional chemotherpy and hormones, received a combination of, in the present trial, vincristine followed by cyclophosphamide with 5-fluoro-uracil. Chemotherapy was administered intermittently: each cycle of treatment lasted 6 days and was followed by a period without treatment of 25 days. Haematological tolerance was satisfactory. No serious incidents occurred during two years use of the combination. 20 out of 27 patients showed objective tumour regression of more than 50 p.cent lasting for more than 6 months, whilst 9 showed apparent complete regression of the malignant lesions. There was one complete failure. Chemotherapy was continued in all cases after regression of the neoplastic process was obtained. PMID- 1129035 TI - [Chemotherapeutic combinations of mutually potentiating drugs. 2-Application to the treatment of bronchial cancers]. AB - 16 patients suffering from primary bronchial tumours which had recurred after surgery and/or radiotherapy and with spread involving at least one visceral or lymphatic metastasis received chemotherapy consisting of the administration of vincristine followed by a combination of CCNU and 5-fluorouracil. Each cycle of treatment lasted 6 days and was restarted only after an interval of 30 days on average, this being necessary for haematological recovery. With the doses of CCNU used, thrombocytopaenia occurred only during the fifth cycle of treatment and made it necessary to increase the interval between subsequent courses to five weeks. All of the patients included in the study have now been followed up for between six and eighteen months. Two patients are presently in complete remission without apparent radiological, clinical or bronchoscopic signs. In seven other patients there was tumour regression greater than 50 p.cent persisting for four to six months. In seven, the therapeutic effect was transient or nil. PMID- 1129036 TI - [Cancer of the transverse colon: a cancer diagnosed too late]. AB - Study of 48 cases carcinoma of the transverse colon, undergoing surgery over a period of 6 years from 1968 to 1973 led to the following conclusions: diagnosis is often later because of the calibre of this part of the colon and hence little occlusive tendency. The best operation appears to be right and transverse hemicolectomy with ileo-colic anastamosis and resection of the gastrocolic ligament, where recurrences occur, along the edge of the greater curve of the stomach. PMID- 1129037 TI - [Asthma and right aortic arch: a new syndrome?]. PMID- 1129038 TI - [Applications of G.R.F. hemostatic glue in surgery]. PMID- 1129039 TI - [Letter: Cicatrization of leg ulcers by pressure plane-guiding with mica]. PMID- 1129040 TI - [Letter: New forms of pustulous psoriasis]. PMID- 1129041 TI - [Letter: Demonstration of anti-ADN polymerase antibodies during serum hepatitis]. PMID- 1129042 TI - [Letter: Coagulation and common viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1129043 TI - [Letter: Psychogenic sterility]. PMID- 1129044 TI - [Letter: Side effects of perhexiline maleate. Identification of a population with an increased risk of intolerance]. PMID- 1129045 TI - [Letter: Mechanism of ulcero-mutilating acropathies]. PMID- 1129046 TI - [Pregnancy, heart valve prostheses and anti-platelet aggregation treatment]. PMID- 1129047 TI - [A new language for oncological surgery. Trial codification]. PMID- 1129048 TI - [Influence of acetylsalicylic acid on the course of pregnancy]. PMID- 1129049 TI - [Pacemaker in intrapleural position]. PMID- 1129050 TI - [Letter: Acanthocytosis of erythrocytes]. PMID- 1129051 TI - [Letter: Function of demand stimulators inhibited by the electric activity of the pectoral muscles. Systematic study]. PMID- 1129052 TI - [Letter: Serologic infectious mononucleosis. Discovery during complement fixation tests performed on microplaques for the diagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 1129053 TI - [Letter: The neurogen theory of Duchenne's disease]. PMID- 1129054 TI - [Letter: Phlyctenular intradermal tests in diseases caused by bacterial sensitization]. PMID- 1129055 TI - [Letter: Cardiac arrests after intravenous injection of lincocin]. PMID- 1129056 TI - [Periodontopathies. 1--General view]. PMID- 1129058 TI - [Development of hospital structures. The problem of emergency]. PMID- 1129057 TI - [Periodontopathies 2- Prevention]. PMID- 1129059 TI - [Postoperative intraabdominal suppurations due to Ristella. Clinical, bacteriological and therapeutic characteristics]. AB - From 1972 to 1974, 8 intraabdominal postoperative suppurations due to Bacteroides have been observed at Hospital Beaujon. Three characteristic features of such infections have been analysed: the high frequency of associated jaundice; the difficulty of isolation of the Bacteroides; their specific sensitivity to some antibiotics. In 5 patients, jaundice related to the bacterial infection has been observed; jaundice was of the cholestatic type; it was mainly due to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia; in approximately 50 p.cent of the cases, serum alkalin phosphatases activity and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity were moderately elevated; the presence of jaundice did not seem to have any influence on the prognosis. The frequent association to Bacteroids of enterobacteria makes isolation of the Bacteroides difficult. The necessity of some precautions in the handling (storage at 4 degrees C or immediate inoculation in anaerobic conditions) is emphasized. Bacteroides are always resistant to penicillin and to the other broad spectrum antibiotics usually effective enterobacteria. They are sensitive to tetracyclins (5/8), lincomycin (2/4), clindamycin (2/3), rifampicin (8/8), pristinamycin (7/7), carbenicillin (3/3), erythromycin (8/8) and chloramphenicol (8/8). PMID- 1129060 TI - [Gentic study of paroxystic familial polyseritis. 72 cases]. AB - Study of the mode of hereditary transmission of familial paroxystic polyserositis in Lebanon led us to conclude that the disease was transmitted in a dominant fashion. In almost one third of our families, dominant transmission was certain or probable. In the other families, dominant heredity was not excluded if the hypothesis, supported by many facts, of incomplete penetrance is accepted. The possibility that certain forms of the disease are dominant and others recessive cannot be rejected, but in the absence of biological proff of this genetic heterogeneity it cannot be confirmed. The majority of the patients, as is usual in the disease, were male. The highest risk groups in the Lebanese population are Armenians and Shiite Moslems PMID- 1129061 TI - [Letter: Hodgkin's disease. Recurrence in localized and locoregional subphrenic forms]. PMID- 1129062 TI - [Letter: Cancers of the rectum. Instantanous delimitation using j. Vrana's high frequency impedance-meter]. PMID- 1129063 TI - [Letter: Survival of the liver in irreversible coma. Importance of the duration of the coma]. PMID- 1129064 TI - [Letter: The individual prescription sheet in public hospitals]. PMID- 1129065 TI - [Letter: Pseudoinfectious complications due to betalactamines]. PMID- 1129066 TI - [Letter: "Human reproduction" as a medical specialty]. PMID- 1129067 TI - [Digestive arteial insufficiency]. PMID- 1129069 TI - [Are certain air accidents explainable through the difficulties of existence?]. PMID- 1129068 TI - [Mangement of gastrointestinal arterial insufficiency]. PMID- 1129070 TI - ["Pearl-string artery" with mesenteric localization]. AB - Angiorgrams sometimes show regular and symetrical corrugations of the arterial outline. The shadows have been given various names: pearl string arter, bamboo pattern and so on. Involved arteries are mostly those of the extremities, especially the lower limbs. The authors have found a case involving the mesenteric artery. Usually, there is no pathological state of the arterial wall. Thus, surgical action is unnecessary. PMID- 1129071 TI - [Arterialization technic of the venous net work in the foot]. AB - The amputation of the lower extermity can be avoided in many patients, particularly in diabetics by means of the arterialization of thevenous net of the foot, whenever the classic techniques of revascularization cannot been used for the magnitud of the arterial lesions below the knee. This arterialization uses two venous autografts: one in the leg functionning as a channel and the second functionning as a regulator or a temporary discharge. This technique, used in three diabetic patients with gangrenous lesions of the foot, has allowed to avoid amputation in two of them. PMID- 1129072 TI - [Hypovolemic shocks simulating severe pulmonary embolism. 20 cases]. AB - Twenty cases of hypovolemic shock of various etiologies in which initial diagnosis was massive pulmonary embolism are analyzed. The error was due to intensity of respiratory failure symptoms and electrocardiographic changes suggesting acute cor pulmonale. However, although constant, hypoxemia was mild and easily corrected by oxygen administration. Hypovolemia was confirmed by low central venous pressure (CPV EQUALS 1, 3 cm H20); in 7 patients, right heart catheterism showed lowered cardiac output associated to low ventricular filling pressures (VFP). Rapid blood volume expansion simultaneously corrected in all cases both shock and clinical signs of "respiratory failure", while CVP increased only slightly. These findings suggest that CVP must be carefully checked when faced with a clinical picture of massive pulmonary embolism and if low, rapid blood volume expansion must be performed under CVP monitoring, in order to rule out hypovolemic shock. PMID- 1129073 TI - [Right renal arteriovenous fistula after nephrectomy with streptococcal endarteritis]. AB - The authors add a new case, to the 41 already published, of arterio-venous fistula of the renal pedicle after nephrectomy, with the peculiarity of its presentation as a prolonged fever resulting from streptococcal bacterial endarteritis at the site of the fistula (3rd case in the literature). Surgical treatment in association with massive and prolonged antibiotic therapy resulted in recovery. PMID- 1129074 TI - [Various types of anemias in thyroid insufficiency]. PMID- 1129075 TI - [Pericardial effusions and mediastinal radiotherapy. 4 cases]. AB - The authors report 4 cases of chronic pericardial effus-ons appearing several months after high dose mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. They describe their clinical characteristics and course. The difficulties of differential diagnosis are mentioned, in particular recurrence of malignancy and tuberculosis. They stress the reserved long term prognosis and the absence of any specific therapeutic approach. The increasing use of madiastinal radiotherapy suggests that the incidence of such manifestations will increase. PMID- 1129076 TI - [Letter: Lumbar reflexotherapy. Efficacy in the treatment of nephrotic colic and in obstretrical analgesia]. PMID- 1129077 TI - [LETTER: Lidocaine per os. Its value in ventricular rhythm disorders]. PMID- 1129078 TI - [Letter: Lymphocytotoxicity test using chromium 51. Use of monolayer cell cultures as nonspecific target cells]. PMID- 1129079 TI - [Congenital hip dislocation and vertical position]. PMID- 1129080 TI - [Letter: Acute hydrothorax during peritoneal dialysis. A propos of 5 cases]. PMID- 1129081 TI - [Letter: Cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in cancer patients. Influence of ionizing radiations]. PMID- 1129082 TI - [Letter: platelet aggregation and assay of Willebrand factor during diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1129083 TI - [Letter: Familial truncular paralysis]. PMID- 1129084 TI - [Letter: Multiparametric biochemical analyser. Quality control of the results]. PMID- 1129085 TI - [Results of 1885 inter-hospital evacuations accomplished by the Toulouse SAMU (Service d'Aide Medicale Urgente--Emergency Medical Service)]. PMID- 1129086 TI - [Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism induced by steroid contraceptive agents]. PMID- 1129087 TI - [Letter: Cholestyramine in the treatment of refractory diarrhea in children]. PMID- 1129088 TI - [Letter: Embolism of the aortic bifurcation by 2 mobilized cardiac hydatid cyst]. PMID- 1129089 TI - [Letter: Perhexiline maleate and extrapyramidal syndrome]. PMID- 1129090 TI - [Letter: Pulmonary varicella]. PMID- 1129091 TI - [An on-duty psychiatrist in a general hospital]. PMID- 1129092 TI - [Quantitative functional exploration of the salivary glands. Measurement of salivary elimination of technetium 99]. AB - The authors propose a method for the quantitative functional exploration of the salivary glands using two objective criteria, on the one hand the level of fixation in the parotid of technetium 99m injected in the form of its pertechnate and on the other hand by the fraction of radioactivity found in different specimens of saliva collected in the course of a test carried out using a pharmacological agent free of toxic effects--lemon juice. The quantitative results obtained and its simplicity render the method particularly useful in evaluating the course of salivary function in all forms of disorder, pathological or iatrogenic. PMID- 1129093 TI - [Catheterization in orificial aortic stenosis]. AB - By virtue of its relative simplicity and its rapidity, the investigation of aortic stenosis recently perfected (and used with a satisfactory percentage of success and without important incident) deserves wide usage in haemodynamic and angiograpnic laboratories. Even if it does not always provide the solution to a particularly delicate problem, which is often of vital importance, it provides data which, modifiable and better used, should provide an adequate notion of the anatomical and physiopathological state in aortic stenosis. PMID- 1129094 TI - [Reversible encephalopathies caused by bismuth salts. 5 further cases]. AB - The authors report five new cases of myoclonic encephalopathy caused by bismuth salts with a characteristic and constant clinical picture. The signs regressed when treatment was stopped. PMID- 1129095 TI - [Dynamics of bone remodeling explained by Harold Frost. Theory of the B. M.U. (basic multicellular unit)]. PMID- 1129096 TI - [Sociological study of an aged population in geriatric hospitsls for a moderate stay]. PMID- 1129097 TI - [Letter: Determination of the digitalis. Value in daily practice]. PMID- 1129098 TI - [Letter: Neonatal septicemia and meningitis caused by Levinea malonatica]. PMID- 1129099 TI - [Letter: Apparently primary bilateral external iliac dissection in a young woman]. PMID- 1129100 TI - [Letter: Myoclonic encephalopathies caused by bismuth salts]. PMID- 1129101 TI - [Letter: Reduction of tetrazolium nitroblue and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1129102 TI - [For a new diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pulmonary emboli]. PMID- 1129103 TI - [Recurrent infarctions. Incidence, conditions of diagnosis, prognosis]. PMID- 1129104 TI - [Septicemias of superinfection in resucitation. Their prevention by restriction of antibiotics]. AB - Nosocomial septicemias supervened during the 15 trimesters following the opening of a new built critical care unit were reviewed. During the five first trimesters the incidence of nosocomial septicemias was 5.9 p.cent. It increases to 10.7 p.cent (p smaller than 0.001) during the five following trimesters. Then a drastic restriction in antibiotic administration was performed, including withdrawal of any prophylactic antibiotherapy, preferential use of penicilline G to prevent infection by Clostridium and cocci Gram positive species surinfection, and, in case of bacterial proved infection, use of a narrow spectrum adapted antibiotic for a time as short as possible. During the 5 trimesters following the application of this antibiotic restriction, the incidence of nosocomial septicemias dropped to 5.7 p.cent (p smaller than 0.001). This phenomenon was related to the lowered incidence of the Gram negative bacilli septicemias from 11.1 p.cent to 4.8 p.cent (p smaller than 0.001) while the incidence of Gram positive cocci septicemias remained unchanged. These results strongly suggest the responsibility of the overuse of antibiotics in the determination of nosocomial septicemias and the efficiency of a drastic antibiotic restriction upon the surinfection of patients hospitalized in a critical care unit. PMID- 1129105 TI - [Letter: Endotoxin shock after surgery of abstruehim on adhessions. Physiopathological and therapeutic study]. PMID- 1129106 TI - [Letter: Diphenylhydrantoin poisoning during disulfiram therapy]. PMID- 1129107 TI - [Letter: Result of experimentation with a new radioprotector]. PMID- 1129108 TI - [Letter: Loeffler's syndrome caused by hypersensitivity to domestic acarids]. PMID- 1129109 TI - [Behcet's disease. Study of 22 cases]. PMID- 1129110 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer: differenciation by ultrasonics]. AB - Analysis of the ultrasound patterns obtained in 63 pancreatic tumours and 147 cases of chronic pancreatis shows a considerable difference in the two conditions. The echostructure is mainly dense and reflexogenic in chronic pancreatitis and trans-sonic in carcinomata. PMID- 1129111 TI - [Diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism: value of jugular catheterization for radioimmunologic determination of parathormone. 1st results]. AB - Value of venous blood sampling by jugular catheterisation with radioimmunological estimation of parathormone in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Initial results. PMID- 1129112 TI - [Iterative lumbar sympathectomy after failure of reparative surgery]. PMID- 1129113 TI - [Factors of coronary risk in men and women]. PMID- 1129114 TI - [Letter: Treatment of psoriasic polyarthritis by azathioprine]. PMID- 1129115 TI - [Letter: Pancreatic lesion and state of shock]. PMID- 1129116 TI - [Letter: Thymus carcinoma and Schwartz-Bartter syndrome]. PMID- 1129117 TI - [Letter: A new terminology for biliary radiography]. PMID- 1129118 TI - [Letter: Upper airway foreign bodies]. PMID- 1129119 TI - [Letter: A severe case of postural hypotension. Paradoxical treatment by L-dopa combined with an inhibitor of extracerebral dopa-decarboxylase]. PMID- 1129120 TI - [Letter: Brachymetacarpia. HL-A group. Linkage in a family with pseudo hypoparathyroidism]. PMID- 1129121 TI - [Letter: Dissection of the Aorta]. PMID- 1129122 TI - [Letter: Is it necessary to wait for the time of parathyroidectomy to treat the hyperparathyroidism of patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1129123 TI - [Letter: Is it really necessary to diaper children?]. PMID- 1129124 TI - [Letter: early amniocentesis]. PMID- 1129125 TI - [Gonadal insufficiency caused by prolactin]. PMID- 1129126 TI - [Approach to the dorso-lumbar joint by sub-pleuro-peritoneal route]. AB - The authors expose an access to the dorsal-lumbar spine through sub pleuro peritoneal way. There are two interesting points to it: - A very wide open access allowing every surgical gesture from D9 to L3 according to the necessities. - The relative mildness of post-operative sequels, regarding the extra serous form of this way. The use of this access should allow to widden the surgical informations relative to the dorso-lumbar articulation. PMID- 1129127 TI - [Letter: Acute neonatal leucinosis]. PMID- 1129128 TI - [Letter: Electrocardiographic disorders without clinical symptomatology. Value of lipid evaluation at the 8th hour]. PMID- 1129129 TI - [Letter: Disease due to humidifiers in industry. 15 cases]. PMID- 1129130 TI - [Letter: Value of metronidazole in septicemia caused by Bacteroides fragilis. 2 cases]. PMID- 1129131 TI - [Letter: Diffusion of cephazolino in cerebrospinal fluid as a function of mode of administration. Human clinical and animal experimental data]. PMID- 1129132 TI - [Letter: Von Hippel Lindau disease and A.P.U.D. system]. PMID- 1129133 TI - [Letter: Membrane oxygenators and heart surgery]. PMID- 1129134 TI - [Letter: 25-year survival after surgical treatment of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 1129135 TI - [Letter: Bone Marrow localization of Hodgkin's disease. Combination drug therapy]. PMID- 1129136 TI - [Letter: Permanent indicanuria. Heterozygote form of Hartnup's disease?]. PMID- 1129137 TI - [Letter: Spinal fractures during ankylosing spondylarthritis. 2 cases]. PMID- 1129138 TI - [Letter: Education of the surgeon]. PMID- 1129139 TI - [Letter: HL-A and Paget's disease]. PMID- 1129140 TI - A model for chromatin sub-structure incorporating symmetry considerations of histone oligomers. AB - Symmetry considerations of the kind of structures which can be generated when dimers of histones f2al-f3 and f2a2-f2b interact lead to the following conclusions: chromatin subunits based on closed-shell structures give rise to discrete, non-interacting nucleoprotein subunits with the histones arranged at random along the DNA chain; open structures based on infinite helices give rise to highly ordered, regular arrangements of dimers. A model is proposed in which helical polymers of f2al-f3 and f2b-f2a2 form a central core with the DNA helically arranged around it. The helical repeat contains 9.6 turns of B-form DNA and one molecule each of f2al, f2a2, f2b, f3 and f1. The pitch of the helix is 53Angstrom and the other diameter 130Angstrom. The protein molecular repeat is 106Angstrom. PMID- 1129141 TI - Preparation and separation of d(pT)-10-n oligonucleotides. AB - A series of oligomers having the general formula d(pT)-10-n, n varying from 2 to 20, has been prepared by enzymatic joining of d(pT)-10, annealed on poly dA, employing T-4 polynucleotide ligase. The oligomers could be separated on 8 or 12% polyacrylamide gels. Such oligomers may prove useful as molecular weight markers and initiators for various polymerases. PMID- 1129142 TI - The use of s-2-cyanoethyl phosphorothioate in the preparation of oligo 5'-deoxy 5'-thiothymidylates. AB - An improvement of our strategy for the stepwise synthesis of oligo 5'-deoxy-5' thiodeoxyribonucleotides [Chladek and Nagyvary (1972) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 94, 2079] involves the use of 5'-O-tosylthymidine 3'-S-2-cyanoethyl phosphorothioate. The displacement of the tosylate by thymidine 3'-phosphorothioate and subsequent alkaline deblocking afforded the dinucleotide (Tps)2. The process of displacement and deblocking was repeated three more times at an average yield of 30 percent per step. The corresponding bifunctional derivative of deoxyadenosine was found much less reactive and practically unsuitable for repeated chain elongation. The ORD and CD spectra of the analogs are similar to those of the natural oligonucleotides. PMID- 1129143 TI - Studies on the structure of replicative intermediates in bacteriophage M13 single stranded DNA synthesis. AB - Pulse-labeled replicative intermediates in M 13 single stranded DNA synthesis can be separated by dye-buoyant density centrifugation into two major fractions: Supercoiled molecules (RI I) containing viral strands of more than one genome length, and "relaxed" molecules (RI II) with labeled DNA chains shorter than unit length. It is postulated that RI II molecules might be formed in vivo by site specific nicking of RF I molecules. PMID- 1129144 TI - A possible role of the 5' terminal sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA in the recognition of initiation sequences for protein synthesis. AB - Extensive complementarity is found between the 5' end of 16S ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis initiation sites of bacteriophage RNA. Hybrids can be constructed from base sequences of 16S-RNA and two initiation regions on phage RNA. A model is proposed for the involvement of 16S-RNA in the unfolding of hairpin loops containing the initiation codon AUG. PMID- 1129146 TI - Contunuing education for nurses. PMID- 1129145 TI - Polynucleotide fragments from the 28S ribosomal RNA of insects. AB - If RNA is extracted from the ribosomes which had been isolated from frozen-thawed tissue of Galleria mellonella, the 28 S RNA, when heated or treated with urea, dissociates into seven different species of polynucleotide fragments. They were designated as R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7, whose molecular weights were estimated to be 1.15x10-6, 0.75x10-6, 0.55x10-6, 0.40x10-6, 0.30x10-6, 0.25x10-6, 0.20x10-6 daltons, respectively. It is likely that R1 and R5 arise from a single nick in original 38 S rRNA. Experiments with isolated R1 suggest that it is made up of a hydrogen-bonded complex of R2 and R4. R5 is a complex of R6 and an unidentified species, X. It is suggested that these fragments result from nicks which are introduced, secondarily, in the phosphodiester bonds by an endogenous endonuclease(s). Since the secondary nicks are limited in number and located in specific points of the molecule, it appears that the reaction is quite specific. It was also shown that the 28 S aphid RNA, which apparently lacks the primary nick, is susceptible to nicking. PMID- 1129147 TI - Waiting for guidance. PMID- 1129149 TI - Nursing care study:A baby with respiratory distress. PMID- 1129148 TI - Physics and scanning .1. Radioactive isotopes. PMID- 1129150 TI - Hypophysectomy. PMID- 1129151 TI - Bailliere Tindall prizewinner .1. The clinical nurse consultant. PMID- 1129152 TI - Bring back asylum. PMID- 1129153 TI - Is psychiatric social work suffering under Seebohm? PMID- 1129154 TI - Schizophrenia .7. Group treatment of the acute and chronic patient. PMID- 1129155 TI - A time of isolation. PMID- 1129156 TI - Effective speaking. PMID- 1129157 TI - Predicting success in clinical teacher students. PMID- 1129158 TI - Should Whitley have settled? PMID- 1129159 TI - The nurses of Brochet. PMID- 1129160 TI - Nursing care study: Parkinson's disease complicated by fracture. PMID- 1129162 TI - Physics and scanning .2. Scanning equipment. PMID- 1129161 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1129163 TI - Bailliere Tindall prizewinner .2. The graduate in nursing. PMID- 1129164 TI - Health education in schools. PMID- 1129165 TI - Schizophrenia .8. From hospital to community. PMID- 1129166 TI - Hospital journal club. PMID- 1129168 TI - Bellevue's emergency services. PMID- 1129167 TI - Case method in nurse teacher education. PMID- 1129169 TI - Peripheral neuritis. PMID- 1129170 TI - Tuberculosis-no place for complacency. PMID- 1129171 TI - Brain damage caused by cerebral hypoxia. PMID- 1129172 TI - Physics and scanning .3. Scan images. PMID- 1129173 TI - A chance to live again. PMID- 1129174 TI - Behaviour modification. PMID- 1129175 TI - Theory and practice. PMID- 1129176 TI - A very traditional report. PMID- 1129177 TI - The alchoholisms .1. Acomplex interdisciplinary disorder. PMID- 1129178 TI - Alcoholism - yesterday, today and tomorrow. PMID- 1129179 TI - Phenylketonuria. PMID- 1129180 TI - Understanding cancer .1. Cancerous growth and types of treatment. PMID- 1129182 TI - Towards patient-centred learning. PMID- 1129181 TI - Taking off the labels. PMID- 1129183 TI - "I'm going to die.". PMID- 1129184 TI - Health projects in Bangladesh. PMID- 1129185 TI - Learning from experience. PMID- 1129186 TI - Nursing care study: A patient with an abdominal aneurysm. PMID- 1129187 TI - The alcoholisms-2. Why and how people become alcoholics. PMID- 1129188 TI - Nursing care study. Frank- an environmental alcoholic? PMID- 1129189 TI - Emergency chest therapy for the conscious patient. PMID- 1129191 TI - Post-herpetic neuralgia. PMID- 1129190 TI - The intravenous urogram. PMID- 1129192 TI - Understanding cancer-2. The nurse's relationship with the patient. PMID- 1129193 TI - 'I thought we were following the bear'. PMID- 1129194 TI - Disturbed behaviour in a psychiatric hospital. PMID- 1129195 TI - Concurrent teaching in Chichester. PMID- 1129196 TI - Guidelines to research in nursing. 2. An introduction to the research process. PMID- 1129198 TI - Nursing care study:coeliac disease. PMID- 1129197 TI - Electric shock. PMID- 1129199 TI - Tonsillectomy. PMID- 1129200 TI - The alcholisms .4. The birth of the disease concept. PMID- 1129201 TI - [Effect of Inderal on insulin secretion, blood sugar and free fatty acids in healthy controls and diabetics]. PMID- 1129202 TI - [Effect of L-dopa on EEG tracings in patients with parkinsonism]. PMID- 1129203 TI - [Registration of myocardial infarcts in Warsaw and Lublin. Pre-hospitalization care]. PMID- 1129204 TI - [Efficiency of the coil type artificial kidney in the elimination of certain barbiturates from the organism]. PMID- 1129205 TI - [Prognostic significance of central venous pressure in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1129206 TI - [Dynamics of change in electrophoretic fractions of serum proteins and immunoglobulins in patients with chronic peptic ulcer operated on with acute, moderately controlled hemodilution]. PMID- 1129207 TI - [Studies of stomatocytes in peripheral blood of patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1129208 TI - [Pseudotumorous deformity of gastric cardia]. PMID- 1129209 TI - [Obstetric procedures in labor complicated by abnormal position of fetus in the records of the Department of Gestational Pathology at the Medical Academy in Wroclaw in the years 1946-1973]. PMID- 1129210 TI - [Anxiety level and attitude towards myocardial infarct]. PMID- 1129211 TI - [Asymptomatic salmonella infections]. PMID- 1129212 TI - [Atrioventricular block occurring during the act of swallowing]. PMID- 1129213 TI - [Metabolism and diagnostic significance of catecholamines in patients with pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 1129214 TI - [Traumatic orbital injury]. PMID- 1129215 TI - [Hospital diagnostic activities from the standpoint of information service systems]. PMID- 1129216 TI - Thyroid nodule. PMID- 1129217 TI - A conservative approach to treatment of thyroid cancer. PMID- 1129218 TI - Indications for thyroid surgery. Panel discussion. PMID- 1129219 TI - Atrial flutter with 1;1 AV conduction and aberrant ventriuclar conduction. PMID- 1129220 TI - The aging skeleton. Osteoporosis and degenerative arthritis. PMID- 1129221 TI - The red eye. PMID- 1129222 TI - Treatment of hyperthyroidism. Panel discussion. PMID- 1129223 TI - [Quantitative analysis of polypeptides by disc electrophoresis in pore gradients]. AB - The quantitation of components in a complex mixture of proteins of Pseudomonas denitrificans separated by disc-electrophoresis in the linear pore gradient of polyacrylamide gel was studied. The problem of a poor staining of proteins in the presence of a detergent was solved by a high resolving power photography. A linear correlation between the amount of protein in the fraction and the intensity of amide black staining was extablished. In comparison to the wild type of P. denitrificans the aldehyde negative mutant showed significant changes in protein fractions amounting to 30% of total protein, according to the densitometrical data. It is suggested that the changes are related to the protein migration in fractions rather than to an additional synthesis in different protein fractions. PMID- 1129224 TI - [Determination of the total quantity of carbohydrates in dried yeast]. AB - Different colourimetric methods for measuring carbohydrates in yeast have been compared. A method using 5% phenol aqueous solution in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid has been developed to quantitate carbohydrates. The method has been described as applied to an analysis of dry yeast. PMID- 1129225 TI - [Selection of fungi--alkaloid producers--by the method of thin layer chromatography]. AB - Microscopical fungi of the Penicillium genus were studied by thin-layer chromatography to select potential producers of alkaloids. A procedure for selection was developed to include microbial cultivation, extraction and conduct of qualitative and quantitative reactions on thin-layer chromatograms with routine alkaloid reagents. The cultures furnishing these reactions were selected for futher isolation and identification of products. PMID- 1129226 TI - [Use of the SF-4 spectrophotometer as a universal densitometer during column chromatography and gel filtration]. AB - The paper describes an installation consisting of an SF-4 (SF-4a) spectrophotometer equipped with a flow cuvette and of an ink recorder. The installation allows registration of biological substances during their fractionation on columns. PMID- 1129227 TI - [Use of a freeze-drief culture of Leuconostoc mesenteroides for the synthesis of dextran]. AB - The influence of a prolonged storage of the freeze-dried culture Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain SF-4 on its capacity for the dextrane synthesis has been studied. The culture has maintained its normal viability for 12 years (the observation time) without changes in the cell morphology and capacity for the dextrane synthesis. The structure of dextrane synthesized by the revived culture L. mesenteroides has been similar to that of dextrane synthesized by the culture L. mesenteroides preserved via passages. PMID- 1129228 TI - [Methods of increasing the activity of extracellular esterase, beta fructofuranosidase and proteases of wine yeast]. AB - Upon regular fermentation changes in the activity of the enzymes esterase, beta fructofuranosidase and protease of the yeast Saccharomyces mini of the Parkent I race were examined. The maximum activity of the enzymes occurred in the stationary phase of the yeast growth. An increase in the activity of the above enzymes was shown possible during a prolonged stabilization of the stationary conditions in the process of a continuous chemostat cultivation of wine yeast. PMID- 1129229 TI - [Phosphorus metabolism in yeasts, oxidizing hydrocarbons during active aeration of the medium]. AB - Variations in the phosphorus and nitrogen assimilation by hydrocarbon oxidizing yeast C. guilliermondii K-5 were followed upon an active aeration of the medium Changes in the phosphate forms of the acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions were found. By the end of the lag-phase the content of all phosphate forms, except stable polyphosphates, increased. At the onset of the active budding the content of labile phosphates, belonging to acid-soluble phosphates, increased. As the culture developed, the content of these forms decreased and increased slightly in the growth phase with a negative acceleration. Acid-insoluble polyphosphates were accumulated in the culture as long as it grew. In the growth phase with a negative acceleration these polyphosphates were hydrolyzed. This was responsible for an increment of all phosphates in the acid-soluble fraction. The same pattern occurred in the dying phase of the culture. PMID- 1129230 TI - [Effect of temperature on the activity of enzymes hydrolyzing non-starch polysaccharides]. AB - The temperature optimum and thermal stability of endo-beta-glucanase, beta glucanase, pentosanase and cellobiase from the enzymic preparations used in the brewing industry to treat high amounts of unmalted barley--citorosemin Px, citorosemin P10x, amylosubtilin G10x and brew-n-zyme--were measured. In order to determine the termerature optimum the enzyme activity was assayed under standard conditions. It was found that the temperature optimum for endo-beta-glucanase of all preparations was 50 degrees, for beta-glucanase and pentosanase--40 degrees, for cellobiase--70 degrees C. The thermal stability of endo-beta-glucanase from amylosubtilin G10x and brew-n-zyme in the aqueous solution was higher than that from ditorosemin Px and P10x. The thermal stability of the latter preparations noticeably increased in the presence of substrates. PMID- 1129231 TI - [Synthesis of mucolytic enzymes by thermophilic strains of microorganisms]. AB - The paper presents data on the accumulation of biomass and the rate of enzyme synthesis on nutrient media of different composition by two thermophilic microorganisms isolated from soil--Bacterium sp. 1641 and Actinomyces sp. 10. PMID- 1129232 TI - [Effect of cyclic compounds on pigment formation in Aspergillus niger cultures]. AB - The mycelial pigment os Asp. niger VP has been fractionated into four fractions ehose solubility is similar to melanin pigments obtained from other sources. The addition of pyrocatechol, L-aspartic, benzoic, kojic and salicylic acids to the liquid Capek medium stimulates the fungal growth but diminishes the yield of fractions of the melanin pigment from the mycelium. Cinnamic acid does not influence the growth but also decreases the yield of the pigment. DL-tyrosine stimulates the fungal growth and produces no influence on the total yield of fractions 2, 3 and 4 from the mycelial pigment. All the cyclic compounds enhance the pigmentation of the culture liquid and give rise to the formation of fractions 2 and 3 of the melanin pigment. This latter constitutes a substantial portion of the dry matter of the fungal cell. The pigment content in the mycelium is much higher than that in the culture liquid of the corresponding culture. PMID- 1129233 TI - [Detection of retinaldehyde in mouse liver]. AB - Vitamin A metabolites were studied in the liver of white mice, hamsters, guinea pigs and rabbits after a single administration of retinyl acetate per os. In addition to retinol and retinyl palmitate, the mouse showed retinaldehyde which accumulated in the liver in the maximum concentration 3 hours later after the vitamin administration. Retinaldehyde isolated on aluminium oxide by means of TCA was examined with respect to absorption spectra in the UV-light, NaBH4 reduction with subsequent isolation of anhydrovitamin A from the reduced product as well as to absorption peaks in reactions with SbCl3 and thiobarbituric acid. PMID- 1129234 TI - [Effect of yeast disintegration conditions on protein properties]. AB - The influence of the cellular treatment with the aid of a vibrocolloidal mill on the model proteins--albumin and yeast glutelin was studied. The treatment of the model proteins in methylene chloride using the vibrocolloidal mill did not change the protein solubility. By analytical centrifugation, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and gel filtration it was shown that these proteins underwent no destruction. PMID- 1129235 TI - [Study of the fractional composition of protein substances in gluten by the gel chromatographic method]. AB - The fractional composition of protein substances of the gluten was studied by gel chromatography. The gluten proteins from the mormal wheat flour and eurygaster damaged wheat flour were compared. The content of the high molicular weight fraction was measured for the gluten of weak and normal flour. The fractional composition of gliadin from the normal and weak flour was investigated. The molecular weight of gliadin from eurygaster damaged grain was shown to change during autolysis. PMID- 1129236 TI - [Fatty acid composition of polar lipid fractions of ripening wheat]. AB - By thin-layer chromatography on silica gel L (Czechoslovakia) monoglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty acids and triglycerides were isolated from free lipids of ripeining wheat. The composition of free fatty acids of these fractions was studied by gas-liquid chromatography. The following fatty acids were identified and quantified: C10:0; C12:0; 14:0; C14:1; X15:0; C16:0; C17:0; C18:1; C18:2; C18:3; C20:09 Linoleic, palmitnic, oleic, stearic and linolenic acids accured in large quantities. The wheat ripeinig was followed by a decrease in the sum total of saturated and an increase of the sum total of unsaturated fatty acids. During ripening the content of biologically important linoleic acid increased: in monoglycerides from 42.6 to 19.5%, diglycerides from 51.0 to 62.4%, in free fatty acids from 48.8 to 51.0% and in triglycerides from 54.5 to 61.1%, whereas the content of palmitinic and linolenic acids diminished. PMID- 1129237 TI - [Isolation and properties of saponins from rhizomes of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall]. AB - From the rhizome D. deltoidea a new trisaccharide of diosgenine has been isolated. This compound is diosgenine-3 (alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2gl)-beta D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4 gl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside. This trisaccharide has been termed deltonine. The rhizome D. deltoidea has also displayed furostanolic tetrasaccharide which is a mixture of delta5-furostene-3beta, 22, 26-triol-3beta deltotrioside-26beta-D-glucopyranoside and its alkoxyderivative. This tetrasaccharide has been termed deltoside. The rhizome has also small quantities of diosgenine-3-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside. PMID- 1129238 TI - [Determination of plasma STH levels in Itsenko-Cushing disease using the insulin and arginine tolerance tests]. PMID- 1129239 TI - [The functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenocortical systems during chronic neuro-emotional stress]. AB - A study was made of the function of the sympatho-adrenal and hypophysio adrenocortical systems by the indices of catecholamine and corticosteroid urinary excretion in the dispatchers of railway lines during the day and night, at rest and shift work associated with the nervous-emotional strain. The working activity both during the day and night produced a 1.5--3-fold increase in catecholamine and corticosteroid excretion. Night work was accompanied by disturbance of the normal circadian variations in the activity of the systems under study After work the function of the hypophyseo-adrenocortical system was restored on the second day of rest; as the the sympathico-adrenal system function -it failed to become completely normalized during the mentioned time. PMID- 1129240 TI - [Correlated interrelationships between the concentrations of chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone and estriol in normal pregnancy]. AB - A study was made of 151 healthy pregnant women at periods of from 4 to 41 weeks of pregnancy. There was revealed no correlation between the level of excretion of the CG and estriol, and also of the CG and pregnandiol from the 7th to the 41st weeks of pregnancy; consequently CG played no role in the regulation of steroidogenesis in the placenta. Between the levels of CH and progesterone in the blood there existed a significant positive association from the 4th to the 7th week of pregnancy; this correlation disappeared from the 8th week. Consequently, the CG retained its steroidogenic action on the corpus luteum of pregnancy. The activity of the corpus luteum in respect to progesterone production decreased considerably as soon as the 7th week of pregnancy. PMID- 1129241 TI - [Clinico-roentgenologic studies in toxoplasmosis patients with various endocrine diseases]. AB - The authors present clinical and roentgenological characteristics of toxoplasmosis revealed in 46 of 128 patients with neuro-endocrine form of diencephalic syndrome, cerebro-hypophyseal nanism and hypogenitalism, examined for toxoplasmosis. Congenital toxoplasmosis was found in 29 and chronic acquired -in 17 cases. It was noted that the clinical picture of both the congenital and of the chronic acquired toxoplasmosis in patients with endocrine diseases was varied due to affection of different organs and systems of the organism. Of great significance in the complex clinico-laboratory diagnosis of congenital and chronic acquired toxoplasmosis was the roentgenological method of study. Roentgenological changes in the skull of the patients with endocrine diseases and toxoplasmosis were expressed in the presence of calcifications of various shape and size (from 2 mm to 2 cm), calcification of the dura mater in the frontal portion and the area of the sella turcica, and hyperostosis. Diagnosis of congenital and chronic acquired toxoplasmosis in patients with endocrine disturbances should be based on the results of complex clinico-roentgenological and laboratory studies. PMID- 1129242 TI - [2 cases of Kilin's syndrome]. PMID- 1129243 TI - [A case of Burger-Grutz disease]. PMID- 1129244 TI - [The reaction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus and diuresis during thyroid gland restitution following discontinuation of 6-methylthiouracil]. AB - There is a marked reduction of diuresis (revealed by water load) during the action of 6-methylthiouracil (MTU). In the course of the thyroid gland restitution (after the discontinuance of the 6-MTU action) the diuresis at first becomes intensified and then it repeatedly either becomes diminished or enhanced. Secretory activity of the cells of the supraoptic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus also becomes alternately enhanced and diminished. Dynamics of the shifts in this activity failed to correlate with the "ricochet" enhancement of the thyrotropic function of the hypophysis, which occurred on the 11th restitution day and corresponded to the "ricochet" enhancement of iodine consumption by the thyroid gland. Thus, there was no association between the state of the cells of the supraoptic nucleus and the changes in the thyrotropic function of the hypophysis. PMID- 1129245 TI - [Changes in the subcommissural organ of white rats with age]. AB - Histological and histochemical methods were applied to the study of 82 male rats of different age (newborn, 1-, 2-, 5-, and 17-month-old). Microstructure of the subcomissural organ (SCO) was investigated; the height of its ependyma was measured. In rats at all the age groups studied ependymocytes secreted substances of glucoproteid nature; a moderate content of RNA persisted in the cells, and also a high activity of non-specific esterases. Secretory activity of ependymocytes increased with the growth of the animals, remaining high in adult rats; it fell in the old animals. Age changes of the SCO consisted in the reduction of the height of the ependyma, of the number of cell layers in it and atrophy of the villi. PMID- 1129246 TI - [The dynamics of changes in the concentration of luteinizing hormone in the pituitary and the blood during postnatal development of male rats]. AB - The authors describe a specific and sensitive biological method of determination of luteinizing hormone (LH). There was shown a linear relationship between the LH dose gradient and the amount of testosterone determined in the blood flowing from the testes. Sensitivity of the method--5 nanogram/ml. Linear dependence--5 -45 nanogram/ml. Dynamics of the changes in the LH concentration in the hypophysis and the blood of male rats in the course of postnatal development- from the 1st to the 43rd day was studied. There were distinguished 6 peaks of increase in the LH content in the hypophysis: on the 4th, 7th, 19th, 27th, 37th and the 43rd day after birth; blood LH concentration persisted at a relatively constant level--within the range of 1.33--4.39 gamma per cent. No LH was revealed in the blood on the 4th, 19th, and 24th days after birth. PMID- 1129247 TI - [Pyruvate kinase isoenzymes in the kidneys of rabbits with insular insufficiency]. AB - Two isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase--PK-1 and PK-2 were obtained from the cortical layer of rabbit kidney by the method of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Starvation of rabbits for 10--16 days and alloxan diabetes produced no significant changes in the specific activity of PK in the soluble fraction obtained from the cortical layer of rabbit kidney. However, there were significant shifts in the isoenzymatic spectrum of the PK of the kidneys in rabbits with alloxan diabetes: the activity of the PK-1 increased considerably and significantly, and the isoenzyme PK-2 disappeared almost completely. PMID- 1129248 TI - [The function of thyroid glands subjected to deep freezing (--196 degrees)]. AB - The function of the thyroid gland transplanted after being frozen to --196 degrees C was studied in experiments on rats. The gland was transplanted to thyroidectomized animals. Glands frozen without the use of cryoprotective agents and also in the presence of a cryoprotector--polyethyleneoxide with a mol. wt. of 400 (PEO-400) were used. Besides, a study was made of the effect of different rates of chilling on the thyroid gland. In assessment of the gland function a determination was made of tissue respiration, of I-131 consumption, and blood thyroid hormone content. To assess the cryoprotective effect of PEO-400 and for the choice of its optimal concentration the NMR method and roentgenostructural analysis werea applied. The thyroid gland proved to take and to retain its capacity to hormone formation after its freezing to the temperature of --196 degrees C according to a special program in the presence of PEO-400. PMID- 1129249 TI - Insulin effect on creatine transport in skelatal muscle (38464). AB - Isulin is shown to directly enhance both the rate of transport and the uptake of cretine in vitro in isolated rat skeletal muscle. This action of the hormone on creatine transport is similar to that reported for the transport of some amino acids and sugars. PMID- 1129250 TI - The inhibition of macrophage migration inhibtory factor (38485). AB - Analogs of EACA were capable of inhibiting the in vitro activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The most active analog of EACA in terms of MIF inhibition had four methyl groups separating an acetylated amino group from a free carboxyl group. This compound, acetylated 5-amino valeric acid, was capable of inhibiting completely MIF activity in vitro at a concentration of less than 10 6 M without demonstrating any appreciable antitryptic activity, even at 10-3 M. Antitryptically active EACA did not inhibit MIF except at very high concentrations (10-2M). Further, the most purified preparations of MIF obtained from aqueous extracts of thymus that we have studied contained no significant proteolytic activity upon denatured hemoglobin at pH 3-8. Therefore, we do not correlate anti-tryptic with anti-MIF activity in vitro. PMID- 1129251 TI - A simple method for long-term drug infusion in mice: evaluation of guanazole as a model (38488). AB - A simplified technique for iv infusion in unrestricted DBA/2-J inbred mice has been described. The method, which involves direct cannulation of the tail vein with polyethylene tubing, is suitable for routine use. Guanazole, an antileukemic agent with a short plasma half-life, was evaluated as a model compound. After administration for 47 hr at the rate of 0.3 ml/hr, guanazole (30 mg/ml) caused a marked inhibition of incorporation of 14 C-uridine, administered 15 min before sacrifice, primarily into DNA of spleen, thymus and bone marrow in decreasing order. Inhibition of incorporation into RNA was less marked but followed a similar pattern. The effects on the incorporation of uridine in nucleic acids of kidney, heart and brain were minimal. Increased incorporations into RNA and DNA occurred in liver. The data for the hemopoietic and lymphoid organs, namely spleen, thymus and marrow, are consistent with the reported immunosuppressive and mylelosuppressive effects of the drug and also with the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reducaste by guanazole. PMID- 1129252 TI - Plasma abnormal prothrombin and microsomal prothrombin precursor in various species (38492). AB - Abnormal, biologically inactive forms of prothrombin have previously been shown to appear in the plasma of cows or humans given coumarin anticoagulants. We have previously shown that a protein with similar properties increases in the liver of rats given these vitamin K antagonists, and have postulated that this protein represents the liver precursor to plasma prothrombin. Eight species, rats, mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, calves, dogs, and chickens, have now been surveyed for both plasma abnormal prothrombin and liver precursor activity. Large amounts of plasma abnormal prothrombin were found in the bovine, substantial amounts were seen in the chick, and small amounts in rat and mouse plasma. With the exception of the bovine, all anticoagulant treated animals showed elevated levels of liver precursor activity in microsomal preparations. The relationship of these observations to the mechanism of action of vitamin K is discussed. PMID- 1129253 TI - Postnantal cerebellar hypoplasia and dysfunction following methylazoxymethanol acetate treatment (38495). AB - Swiss albino mice were injected postnatally with 0.05 ul of MAM-ac/g body weight. The mice were sacrificed at 0, 5,10, 15,20, and 25 days. Cerebellar, whole brain and body weights were determined. The treated mice generally showed smaller body weights reflecting the general toxicity of MAM-ac. There was no statistical difference between the whole brain weights of the two groups, when the loss of cerebellar weight was taken into account. Significant differences between the cerebellar weights of control and treated animals were shown at each sacrifice time. It is the conclusion of this study that those differences in weight reflect the destruction induced by MAM-ac during the first 5 days of postnatal life and are not due to a continued degeneration. As for general developmental and behavioral dysfunctions,the treated mice showed delayed eye opening and fur appearance, and by day 25, exhibited a tremorous altered gait. PMID- 1129254 TI - Cell surface: transfer of cellular adhesive properties from cell to cell by induced membrand altrations (38496). AB - Lymphocytes formed aggregates around Sepharose beads to which Concanavalin A had been coupled. Many of these aggregates consisted of multilayers of cells. The cell-cell interactions distal to the beads appeared to be a result of an induced membrane change at the cell-Sepharose bead interface. PMID- 1129255 TI - Colon cancer induction in mice by intrarectal instillation of N-methylnitosorurea (38498). AB - The same total dose of 9 mg of N-methylintrosourea (MNU) was given intracetally to two groups of ICR/Ha mice by by varing the dose rate and frequency. Thirty individual doses of 0.3 mg each three times per week induced large bowel neoplasms with high incidence after the 17th week, compared with six doses of 1.5 mg each three times per week which also led to leukemia in all mice until the 18th week. Small adenomatous nodules of the lung appeared in almost all mice of both groups. In the large intestine, adenocarcinomas and adenomas were found in the distal colon and rectum, and squamous cell carcinomas at the anal canal. Intrarectal instillation of carcinogenic chemicals such as MNU to mice is a good method to develop animal models for colon carcinogenesis,and also other target organs. PMID- 1129256 TI - The inhibitory effect of theophylline on the incorporation of 3H-deoxycytidine and 3H-thymidine into thymocyte DNA. AB - In short term cultures of rat thymic lymphocytes, theophylline caused an early inhibition of incorporation of 3-H deoxycytidine into DNA without influencing the incorporation of 3-H-thymidine. Over a 4-hr incubation period, the inhibitory effect of theophylline on 3-H-deoxycytidine uptake into DNA remained at approximately 40%, while the suppression of 3-H-thymidine uptake increased to 20%. The results indicate that since there is a difference in the effect of the ophylline on the incorporation of 3-H-deoxycytidine and 3-H-thymidine into the DNA of thymus lymphocytes, inhibition of uptake of these deoxynucleosides by theophylline does not necessarily reflect inhibition of DNA synthesis or cell turnover. PMID- 1129257 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum pancreatic amylase in normal and pancreatectomized pigs (38504). AB - A double antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed that is capable of assaying and discriminating small amounts of pancreatic amylase even in the presence of amylase isoenzymes. Assays on adult pigs indicate a mean serum concentration of pancreatic amylase of 2.4mug/ml. To date, no other technique can offer such a discrimination of the pancreatic amylase in the circulation. Following pancreatectomy, the amount of radioimmunoassayable amylase in the circulation disappeared within 48 hr. This was reflected by a simultaneous decline in the serum amylase enzyme activity. Within 48 hr after pancreatectomy, the serum amylase enzyme activity had declined 60%. Thus, in pigs, the pancreas contributes significantly to the circulating amylase levels. PMID- 1129258 TI - Myocardial extraction of labeled long-chain fatty acid analogs (38509). AB - The single circulation myocardial extraction of terminally iodinated hexadecenoic acid (77 plus or minus 11.0%) is approximately two times the extraction of 18 carbon fatty acids (33 plus or minus 5.2%) prepared by iodination of double bonds. The results compare favorably with natural 28 carbon steraic (70 plus or minus 7.5%) and oleic (61 plus or minus 7.8%) acids labeled with carbon-11 in the carboxyl group. It is concluded that terminally radioiodinated long chain fatty acids can be used as substitues for in vivo investigations of fatty acid distribution and in particular may be useful as a regional mycardial blood flow indicator. PMID- 1129259 TI - Infantile auditory exposure and unusual response to antipsychiotic drugs (38510). AB - Reserpine and prochlorperazine were administered in separate experiments to adult CAW:CF1 mice and to adult LVG:LAK hamsters that had recovered from audiosensitization induced by 30 sec of doorbell sound during a critical period of infantile development. In contrast to controls that showed tranquilization in response to these drugs, the previously audiosensitized animals o both species responded with a high incidence of convulsive seizures. The proconvulsant effect of reserpine and prochlorperazine in previously audiosensitized mice was present one hour after drug administration, but had subsided 20 hr post-administration. The proconvulsant effect of reserpine in previously audiosensitized mice was shown to be dose-dependent. The proconvulsant effect of reserpine in previously sensitized hamsters was present 100 days after reserpine and prochlorperazine are poorly understood, possible mechanisms are discussed. Environmental noise during early inantile development appears to have significant residual effects persisting into adult life. This study has shown that idiosyncratic responses to antipsychotic drugs in adult laboratory animals can result from infantile auditory exposure, and it is speculated that human idiosyncrasies to psychoactive drugs may be similarly based. PMID- 1129260 TI - Prostaglandin administration to pregnant rats: effects on pituitary-target gland systems of mother, fetus and neonate (38512). AB - Acute administration of PGE-1 in graded doses (0.25-1.0 mg) to pregnant rats in late gestation (21st day) induced significant release of TSH, prolactin and LH from the maternal, pituitary. Plasma levels of PRL and TSH were elevated (three- to fivefold) in cesarean sectioned mothers given 4-5 sc injections of PGE-1; higher doses also stimulated LH release. Comparable increases in blood TSH and PRL levels were also found in their newborn but no indication of enhanced hormone release from the fetal hypophysis was noted. Histologic alterations were observed in the ovary (luteal cell hypertrophy, cytopasmic clearing, nuclear condensation, sinusoidal distension) of mothers receiving PGE-1 treatment. Thyroidal radioiodine accumulation in mother, fetus and neonate were usually decreased whereas thyroid: blood radioactivity ratios were consistently incrased. It is concluded that PGE-1 treatment of th pregnant rat near term stimulates release of hormones from the pituitary in mothers (TSH, LH, PRL) and in their newborn (TSH, PRL). The results also strongly suggest that PGE-1 administration may induce morphologic and functional changes in target endocrines (ovary, thyroid) by direct and separate actions. PMID- 1129261 TI - Functional anatomy of the testicular vascular pedicle in the rhesus monkey: evidence for a local testosterone concentrating mechanism (38513). AB - The detailed anatomy of arteries and veins in the testicular pedicle of the rhesus monkey, with special emphasis on an area of extensive surface contact between these vessels in the spermatic cord, is described. The mean plasma testosterone concentration in blood from the testicular artery was significantly greater than the mean for samples collected simultaneously from the contralateral femoral artery in 11 monkeys. These observations are interpreted as supportive of the hypothesis that a hormone concentrating mechanism involving the local transfer of testoterone between the vessels of the pampiniform plexus and the spermatic artery exists in the male-rhesus monkey. PMID- 1129262 TI - Arachidonic acid and bocine corpus luteum function (38514). AB - Injections of arachidonic acid directly into the corpora lutea of normal cattle at the 12th or 13th day of the estrous cycle resulted in (a) a decline in jugular vein plasma progesterone levels from an average of 6 ng/ml to 2.5 ng/ml (p smaller than0.05), (b) an immediate rise in PGF levels in ovarian venous plasma, and (c) a sharp rise in jugular vein plasma estrogen levels. Jugular plasma estrogen peaks were associated with each ovarian vein PGF Peak in each animal; jugular plasma LH levels did not change. These results show that the bovine ovary can convert arachidonic acid to PGF and that arachidonic acid administered directly into the corpus luteum results in partial regression of the corpus luteum.PGF appears to stimulate estrogen production by the ovary in the absence of measurable changes of plasma LH. PMID- 1129263 TI - Dextran potentiation of the canine lymphocyte response to plant mitogens (38515). AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from Beagle dogs were separated using a dextran sedimentation technique. Lymphocyte cultures were stimulated by the plant mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), both in the presence of dextran and after dextran had been removed from the medium. It was found that dextran acted synergistically with both PHA and PWN and greatly potentiated the mitogenic response of the lymphocytes. The routine use of dextran in separating blood lymphocytes for culture purposes should be reevaluated in light of these findings. PMID- 1129264 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypoptide: inactivation in liver and potentiation in lung of anesthetized dogs (384699). AB - The role of the liver and the lung in the inactivation or potentiation of the biological activity of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was examined in five anesthetized dogs. Infusions of the peptide were made into the right ventricle, the left ventricle, and the portal vein. Each animal received 4 doses, ranging from 0.29 to 2.23 mug/kg. Systemic arterial blood pressure, tidal volume, breathing frequency, and minute ventilation were continually monitored. The biological effects of the peptide were measured in terms of (a) the fall in arterial blood pressure; and (b) respiratory stimulation. Infusions of the peptide into the portal vein produced either no effect or significantly weaker effects (p smaller than 0.01) than infusions into the right ventricle. The latter infusions were moderately more potent (p smaller than 0.05) than infusions into the left ventricle VIP thus appears to be effectively inactivated during passage through the liver. The apparent increase in biological potency of the peptide during its passage through the lung may be attributable to the release of additional vasodilator substances, or to further activation of the peptide. PMID- 1129265 TI - The disposition of dapsone and monoacetyldapsone in the dog (38516). AB - Four female dogs receiving 1.0 mg dapsone (DDS)/kg iv exhibited logarithmic decline of plasma levels of DDS with a mean half-time of disappearance (T-1/2 of 11.7 hr. No evidence of acetylation of DDS to monoacetyl DDS (MADDS) was found. An equimolar dose of MADDS was deacetylated slowly to DDS by the same dogs. The mean T 1/2 of MADDS was 6.5 hr, significantly less than that of DDS. In 2-hr plasma samples after these doses of drugs, protein-binding of DDS and MADDS averaged 71 and 84%, respectively. Tests of protein-binding of the two drugs in vitro confirmed the observations in vivo. PMID- 1129266 TI - Neutral amino acid transport in cultivated human skin fibrovlasts (38521). AB - The accumulation of neutral amino acids was studied in cultivated human skin fibroblasts. Transport was blocked by sulfhydryl binding agents, but proceeded without inhibition in the presence of metabolic blocking agents. Both sodium dependent and sodium independent compononets of neutral amino acid accumulation were found. The sodium dependent component preferentially transports short chain amino acids, while the sodium independent system transports long chain amino acids. These components operate simultaneously and with overlap of substrate specificity. Both may function as parts of a single neutral amino acid transport system. PMID- 1129267 TI - Serum hexosaminidase activity in man under simulated diving conditions (38523). AB - The activities of serum hexosaminidases from human divers before, during and after simulated dives was measured. Decreases in hexosaminidase A activities were observed in the 1000 FSW saturation dive, whereas an increase in hexosaminidase A activity was observed during decompression in the subsaturation dives at 400 FSW and 650 FSW. PMID- 1129268 TI - Induction of extra nephrons in unilaterally nephrectomized immature rats (38525). AB - The normal number of glomeruli per kidney in the rat rises from about 10-4 at birth to approximately 35 times 10-3 at 50 days of age. When one kidney is removed at birth the remaining one produces an average of 63% more nephrons than normal by 70 days. Unilateral nephrectomy of successively older rats results in progressively less augmentation of the nephron complement in the remaining kidney up to 50 days, beyond which age the kidney loses its ability to produce new nephrons. PMID- 1129269 TI - Human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase: comparison of assay methods and expressions of activity. AB - There was a positive correlation in normal man between heparin releasable lipoprotein lipase and lipoprotein lipase of ammonium hydroxide homongenate of acetoneether powder in adipose tissue. Heparin releasable as lipoprotein lipase activity was about twice as high as the enzymatic activity in acetone powder, even though 40-70% of the original activity remained in the tissue after incubation with heparin. This might indicate that activation of the enzyme is associated with its release by heparin from tissue. The lipoprotein lipase activity per unit weight and per fat cell were affected differently by obesity: In obese subjects lipoprotein lipase per unit weight was propotionally lower than the activity per fat cell. The expression of activity per fat cell appears to avoid the effect of obesity, and hence increased fat cell size, on values obtained. PMID- 1129270 TI - Increased hypothalamic norepinephrine in genetically hypertensive rats following administration of diphenylhydantoin (38407). AB - DPH administration to GH rats caused changes in NE concentration in the hypothalamus, cerebellum and medial lower brainstem which resulted in circadian differences in the effect of this drug on the catecholamine. These effects have not been reported previously. Further investigations on the effect of DPH on neurotransmitters are fully warranted. PMID- 1129271 TI - Chemotactic deactivation of human eosinophils by the eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (38527). AB - Purified human eosinophils demonstrate diminished chemotactic responsiveness (deactivation) after incubation with the eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A). The deactivation is rapid and selective in that ECF-A deactivated human eosinophils more markedly than neutrophilic or mononuclear leukocytes. The eosinophil can also be deactivated by C5a which is eosinophilotactic, and there is cross deactivation between C5a and ECF-A. Deactivation may be an important physiologic control mechanism enabling the eosinophil to remain at sites of ECF-A release in order to manifest its regulatory functions in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 1129272 TI - Development of thyroidal responsiveness to estrogen in the maturing rat (38471). AB - The incidence of thyroid disorders around the time of puberty is frequent in human females. The influence of estrogen on thyroid function during this period has been controversial. Female rats hypophysectomized at 21, 30 or 50 days of age were treated with either 17beta-estradiol (E-2) or TSH or a mixture of E-2 and TSH. Determinations were then made of thyrodial 131I-uptake, organic 131I, and 131I excretory patterns. In 21-day old animals, E-2 alone had no effect on thyroidal 131 I uptake, whereas in 30-day or older animals E-2 significantly increased 131I uptake. TSH or TSH-E-2 combinations markedly increased 131I uptake in both groups. Thyroidal 131I was shown to be almost exclusively protein-bound in each instance. No difference was observed between 21 and 30-day old rats with respect to 131I excretory patterns,except for decreased urinary output in the TSH E-2 groups; this decrease, however, appeared to be partially attributable to an increased thyroidal uptake of iodine in these animals. The results suggest that the thyroid gland becomes responsive to estrogen only at or around the time of puberty. PMID- 1129273 TI - Hormone and glucose responses to serial cardiac puncture in rats (38465). AB - Serial, apparently basal radio-immunoassayable plasma insulin and growth-hormone values were obtained when fast-knock down ether anesthesia was used. Radioimmunoassayable prolactin was elevated at the second, third, and fourth bleedings but cause no apparent increase in circulating insulin levels. The elevation in plasma glucose may also have been a transient effect of sympathetic stimulation which simultaneous inhibited insulin release. PMID- 1129274 TI - Metablism of aldosterone in dogs with renovascular hypertension (38476). AB - The rate of metabolism of aldosterone was measured in seven normal dogs, 4 dogs with chronic renal hypertension and five dogs with malignant renal hypertension. Tritiated aldosterone was injected intravenously and the rate of disappearance of authentic aldosterone was determined. The disappearance curves were resolved into two exponential components and the plasma half-life was measured from the slow component which reflects the rate of metabolism of aldosterone. The half-life of aldosterone was essentially the same for the three groups of dogs. It is concluded, therefore, that the rate of aldosterone metabolism is normal in dogs with experimental renal hypertension. PMID- 1129275 TI - Rhythmic patterns of endogenous LH release in castrate sheep receiving exogenous LH (38477). AB - Exogenous ovine LH was constantly infused during 6-hr experimental sequences in order to determine the effect of elevated levels of plasma LH on the pulsatile discharges of pituitary LH characteristic of ovariectomized sheep. Plasma LH concentrations (exogenous plusendogenous) in sequential 10-min samples continued to fluctuate significantly as did plasma LH (endogenous only) during control periods. The temporal patterns of plasma LH during LH infusion were at least as as rhythmic as they were in the controls. Furthermore, the mean periods for extremely rhythmic frequencies were equivalent in control and LH-infusion sequences. These data refute the original hypothesis that inhibitory short-looped feedback of circulating LH governs the timing of subsequent LH discharges in ovariectomized sheep. PMID- 1129276 TI - The influence of a preload measured as diastolic mural force on myocardial cantractility indices (38478). PMID- 1129277 TI - The site of zinc absorption in the rat small intestine (38481). AB - Rats fed a zinc-adequate diet exhibited a nonuniform distribution of zinc in the small intestine. The zinc content of zinc-deficient rat small intestine was reduced, particularly in the duodenum and distal ileum. It is possible that the difference in the intestinal zinc content may reflect the rate of zinc absorption in the tissue. Uptake of 65-Zn by intestinal segments in vitro showed that the pattern of absorption obtained is dependent upon the parameters used for quantitation. This observation could account for the variation between the results obtained by different experimental methods of determining the site and rate of absorption of the nutrient. PMID- 1129278 TI - Blood volume responses of rats adppted to different barometric pressures (38482). AB - The total blood volume, circulating red cell volume (CRCV), and plasma volume of rats exposed for 30 days to either 480 or 380 mmHg were quite different. At the lower altitude 480 mmHg) total blood volume was similar to that found in sea level controls of a similar weight and age, while CRCV was increased and plasma volume was decreased. However, at the higher altitude CRCV was increased to a much greater extent, with the result that the total blood volume was approximately 44% greater than at 480 mmHg. The differences in response to the two barometric pressures became even more striking when the rats adapted to 380 mmHg were compared with their age- and weight-matched controls. Diet restrictions in the absence of hypoxia resulted in significant decreases in CRCV, plasma volume, and total blood volume. Consequently, when compared to these animals, rats adapted to 380 mmHg had a 100% greater total blood volume due primarily to a higher CRCV, but also to a higher plasma volume. PMID- 1129279 TI - Studies on an inhibitor of erythropoiesis. II. Inhibitory effects of serum from uremic rabbits on heme synthesis in rabbit bone marrow cultures (38483). AB - The effects of sera from anephric rabbits on the rate of heme synthesis in erythroid cells were studied in vitro in rabbit bone marrow cultures. Sera from nephrectomized rabbits significantly (p smaller than 0.05) inhibited 59-Fe incorporation into heme in normal rabbit bone marrow cultures incubated with erythropoietin (ESF) when compared with the response in control culutres with normal serum and ESF. This inhibitory activity increased exponentially with increasing concentrations of the serum in cultures suggesting that a higher concentration of the inhibitor is present in uremia and may be the result of the failure to excrete the inhibitor. This suggests that the retention of this inhibitor may play an important role in the mechanism of the anemia of uremia. The inhibitor of heme synthesis is a low molecular weight substance. PMID- 1129280 TI - The effect of sodium benzoate and taurocholic acid feeding on human bile composition. AB - Four patients were fed sodium benzoate after stabilization following common bile duct exploration. Bile collections revealed no change in the output of glycine conjugated bile acids. Three patients had taurocholic acid added to the regimen after 3 days and demonstrated a significant increase in total and taurine conjugated bile acid output with marked reduction of the G/T ratio. These latter changes are similar to those produced by taurocholic acid feeding alone and therefore no benefit of the combination of drugs on bile salt excretion or conjugation ratio was demonstrated. PMID- 1129281 TI - Contractility of renal cortex following complete ureteral obstruction. AB - Contractility of strips of renal cortex obtained from rabbit kidneys obstructed by complete ureteral ligation for 8 and 32 days was tested and compared with control tissue. Concentration-response data were obtained for norepinephrine, angiotensin, and 5-hydroxytrypamine, and were expressed as mg tension/cm of tissue. Control tissue tested simultaneously revealed minimal responses, but obstructed tissue containing modified interstital cells revealed statistically significant evidence of contraction in response to all three drugs studied. The response to norepinephrine could be blocked by the alpha adrenergic antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, but this drug did not significantly affect the response to angiotensin or 5-hydroxytryptamine. The findings are related to similar observations reported in stimulated fibroblasts of granulation tissue and are discussed in terms of the possible role this phenomenon may play in the pathogenesis of renal interstitial injury. PMID- 1129282 TI - Renin release, an artifact of anesthesia and its implications in rats. AB - In our attempt to find an anesthetic agent which did not influence the renin angiotensin system in the rat, the effect of widely used injectable and gaseous anesthetics and narcotic agents on renin release was chacterized. All of the agents studied induced dose- and time-related increases in serum renin activity when administered in anesthetic doses. Preliminary experiments in anesthetic doses. Preliminary experiments indicated that cardiovascular effects were highly variable, giving little insight into the relationship between renin release and cardiovascular changes. Propranolol impaired most of the anesthesia-induced renin release and impaired aldosterone release with the one agent (urethane) studied. Renin release by two anesthetic agents (ketamine and urethane) appeared to be mediated premarily through the beta-adrenermediated primarily through the beta-adrenergic receptor mechanism, but equivocal results were obtained with other agents (pentobarbital and morphine). It is possible that other anesthetics, as with urethane, may induce aldosterone release by way of renin release. This anesthesia-induced renin release and the extensive biologic activities of angiotensin and aldosterone suggest a potential for influencing many investigations, particularly those involving cardiovascular and endocrine systems. PMID- 1129283 TI - Rabbit muscle triosephosphate isomerase: activity and inactivation by sulfhydryl reagents as affected by enzyme concentration. AB - Progressive increase of enzymatic activity with time occurs after dilution of a crystalline suspension of rabbit muscle TIM. The concentration of p-MB required to inhibit the enzyme is higher the greater the concentration of enzyme. With the lowest concentrations of mercurial that are ultimately inhibitory to the enzyme in dilute solution, there is a lag period before inactivation begins. With higher concentrations of mercurial, some degree of inactivation occurs almost immediately, and enzymatic activity thereafter decreases at a slower rate. With an enzyme concentration of 32 ng/ml, a low concentration of p-MB decreases Vmax without change KM. A higher concentration of mercurial also increases KM. With an enzyme concentration of 1 mg/ml, iodoace begins to inactivate it only after a lag period. In enzyme solutions containing 8 ng/ml, inactivation by iodoacetate progresses without significant initial lag. Discrepancies between the present work and that of other authors can probably be accounted for by differences in the concentrations of enzyme used. It is suggested that the conformation of rabbit muscle TIM in solution is dependent on its concentration. In more dilute solutions the enzyme assumes a conformation in which it is catalytically more active and in which its sulfhydryl groups are more accessible to chemical attack. PMID- 1129284 TI - Metabolic effects of exercise. I. Effect of exercise on serum lipids and lipogenesis in rats. AB - To evaluate the metabolic effects of exercise, three groups of exercised male rats were compared to their sedentary controls at the end of 10 wk of voluntary exercise in rodent activity cages. Exercises rats consumed more food than sedentary rats but had greater weight gain only at the higher levels of activity. Exercised rats had significanlty lower serum triglycerides and higher values of adipose tissue alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity. At higher levels of physical activity, the exercised rats enhibited larger adrenal glands and lower values of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. It is concluded that specific levels of voluntary exercise are needed to achieve specific metabolic effects. PMID- 1129285 TI - Metabolic effects of exercise. II. Residual metabolic effects of exercise in rats. AB - This report described the duration of changes in serum lipids, adrenal weight and hepatic G-6-PD activity in rats following the termination of 10 weeks of voluntary activity in a revolving drum. Exercised rats had lower weight gain, larger adrenal glands, lower serum cholesterol, lower serum triglycerides and lower liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity than the sedentary controls. The differences between exercise and control rats in adrenal gland weight, body weight and G-6-PD tend to disappear within 3 wk after termination of the exercise. These experiments provide evidence that exercise can affect lipid metabolism and have a beneficial effect on the lowering of serum lipids. It also shows that this effect will persist for up to 3 wk after the exercise is terminated, under the experimental conditions of this study. PMID- 1129286 TI - Comparative response of castrate and intact male rats to diethylstilbestrol. AB - Treatment of castrate and intact male rats with DES in the feed was used to note its comparative effect on feed intake vesicle, testicle, spleen and liver weights, and DES similarly reduced gain and feed efficiently in both castrate and intact male rats. Thus, there appears to be a basic difference in the response of rats to DES, compared to cattle and sheep, that does not depend on whether they are intact or castrate males. PMID- 1129287 TI - Effect of arginine deficiency on normal and dystrophic chickens. AB - Normal and genetically dystrophic chickens were fed diets deficient in arginine or further aggravated by the addition of lysine. Growth of dystrophic chicks is depressed less by a deficiency of arginine than that of normal chicks. Muscular ability of dystrophic chicks was improved by feeding them an arginine deficient diet but this effect may be related to the size of the bird. The total creatinine content of the pectoral muscle of dystrophic chicks was reduced more with a deficiency of arginine than was that of normal chickens. PMID- 1129288 TI - Vascular and extravascular volume changes due to elevated venous pressure. AB - Abrupt elevation of venous pressure causes an initial rapid and a secondary slow increase in total tissue volume (plethysmography). Changes in total tissue volume and blood conductivity from the isovolumetric state were determined to assess what factors determined the two components of the tissue volume change. The initial component of the plethysmograph record would appear to be 90% vascular volume change and 10% extra-vascular volume change. Since the two techniques measured identical amounts of capillary filtration during the second component of the recording there would seem to be no slow component of vascular volume increase following venous pressure elevation. Evidence that elevation of venous pressure causes myogenic closure of precapillary vessels isolating a segment of the microvasculature is presented. PMID- 1129289 TI - Neurogenic influence on pulmonary surface tension and cholesterol in cats. AB - Previous work showed that stress involving the sympathetic nervous system via mechanical head injury and hyperbaric oxygen results in a decreased lung compliance and altered alveolar surfactants. Similar changes were associated with sympathetic nerve stimulation via the stellate ganglion. In view of reports that the minimum surface tension attained by lung wash fluid is increased by very small amounts of cholesterol content of the alveoli. The results show a nearly 200% increase in intra-alveolar cholesterol as well as high minimum surface tensions following sympathetic nerve stimulation. Such changes developed in the absence of any increase in lung wet wt/dry wt ratios. The results from the present study suggest that the previously reported decreased lung compliance and increased minimum surface tension associated with sympathetic stimulation may be due at least in part to contamination of the alveolar surfactants with large amounts of cholesterol. PMID- 1129290 TI - Hematologic observations on the yak. AB - The uak has two hemoglobins sharing a common globin chain. Hb slow appears unique to the yak among the ruminants studied. It is not known if Hb slow is important in high altitude adaptation, but physilogic rather than hematolgoic adjustments may be more important agter acute blood loss, as 2,3-DPG remains nit and no disproportionate hemolgoin production occurs. PMID- 1129291 TI - Histochemical measurements of rat kidney hexokinase. AB - HK has been measured in substructures of the developing rat nephron. Reactions were carried on samples dissected from freeze dried kidney and assayed in 1 mul reaction volume utilizing the "oil-well" technique. Samples from 4 days prenatal to 44-day adult were analyzed. Activity during development decreased in G, PCT, and it increased in ALH. There was little change in PRT, DCT and CT. Activity in small arteries decreased. PMID- 1129292 TI - A model for ultracentrifugal quantification of (35-S) bromosulphthalein-binding to plasma proteins in the presence of radioimpurities. AB - Sloutions of (35S)bromosulphthalein ((35S)BSP) in heparinized canine plasma, in the proportions established in vivo after injecting BSP intravenously to test liver function, were ultracentrifugated at 226,000 g for 24 hr at 5 degrees. Protein-free supernatant was replaced by Krebs-Ringer buffer (pH 7.40), the protein sediment resuspended, and the mixture recentrifugated. That process was repeated several times, and the radio-activity of each resulting supernatant was measured. Since (35-S)BSP could not be adequately purified, supernatant radioactivities reflected both (35-S)BSP and radioimpurity. Therfore, a model was derived that (i) interpreted the rapid decrease in supernatant radioactivities of initial centrifugations and the gradual fall therafter; and (ii) allowed us to determine picomoles of non-protein-bound (35-S)BSP. Results indicated that only 0.053% (SD .0013%) of BSP in our system was not protein bound. PMID- 1129293 TI - Renin and distal tubule Na during stop flow in dogs. AB - Using radioimmunoassay techniques, arteria (A) and renal venous (RV) plasma renin activities were measured in sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs during clearance and stop-flow periods. Changes in RV-A renin were used to estimate changes in renin secretion. RV-A renin increased during stop flow from its average value during clearance periods, whether 10% mannitol in 0.15 M NaCl or 10% mannitol in 0.1 M Na2SO4 was being administered intravenously. However, RV-A renin during mannitol + NaCl stop-flow periods was significantly greater than during mannitol + Na2SO4 stop-flow periods. Distal tubular fluid Na concentrations as indicated by stop-flow analysis were higher during the latter. These observations suggest that a macula densa stimulus, Na concentration, and/or load, may control renin secretion during ureteral occlusion. PMID- 1129294 TI - Influence of dietary sodium intake on renal maturation in anesthetized canine puppies. PMID- 1129295 TI - Environmental lighting and human salivary gland function. AB - Three experiments were conducted to (a) determine the effect of light deprivation on submandibular flow, (b) test for accommodation in darkness-induced parotid flow-rate depression, and (c) evaluate the effects of lights of widely varying intensities on parotid flow. Light deprivation decreased submandibular flow rate from 0.146 ml/min to 0.045 ml/min, a decrease of 69%. It is suggested that photic input through the retina provides stimulation to the salivary glands in the human through the superior cervical ganglion in a system similar to that present for the pineal. This implies that the sympathetic nervous system functions in the regulation of a component of the resting flow from both the parotid and submandibular glands. Series of parotid saliva samples collected in darkness did not reveal a pattern suggestive of accommodation to darkness. The effect of darkness on flow is as strong in the first sample as in those collected later under darkness. Reinstitution of light brings immediate restoration of the routine level of unstimulated salivary flow. A light intensity as low as 0.1 fc is sufficient to maintain the usual level of resting parotid flow. Increasing intensity up to 150 fc did not significantly increase this rate of flow. PMID- 1129296 TI - Adrenal rhythmicity in the immature pseudopregnant rat. AB - A daily rhythm of serum corticosterone persists in 31 day old immature female rats in which pseudopregnancy has been induced by means of 25 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMS) given at 26 days of age. There is, in addition, a daily rhythm of progesterone in 31-day old controls with a rise during the day and a fall during the dark portion of the photoperiod. PMS-injected rats had a much higher level of progesterone but no rhythm. PMID- 1129297 TI - Effect of blood volume expansion on tubule sodium transport in the isolated dog kidney. AB - Nonrecollection end-proximal tubule micropuncture technique and the microsphere method for estimating fractional distribution of renal cortical blood flow were applied to further define the mechanism of the natriuresis in the isolated dog kidney in response to volume expansion with equilibrated blood. Following volume expansion sodium excretion increased +79 plus or minus 24 muEq/min (P less than 0.01) in the face of significant decreases in inulin clearance (C IN) and renal blood flow (RBF) and in the absence of changes in renal perfusion pressure, plasma protein concentration or packed cell volume. (TF/P)IN of end-proximal tubular fluid decreased from 1.65 plus or minus 0.03 to 1.53 plus or minus 0.04, P less than 0.025, and proximal tubule absolute reabsorption decreased from 36 plus or minus 3 to 29 plus or minus 2 nl/min, P less than 0.05. The decrease in absolute reabsorption, however, was balanced by a decrease in single nephron GFR (SNGFR) so that no increase in distal delivery of fluid (V TF) out of the proximal tubule was detected. SNGFR/C-IN remained constant. No change in fractional distribution of RBF was detected. The data indicate that volume expansion with equilibrated blood depresses proximal tubule fractional and absolute reabsorptive rates in the isolated kidney but since V-TF did not increase, they imply that the natriuresis derives from a decrease in sodium transport along more distal nephron segments. PMID- 1129298 TI - Polycythemia induced in rats by intrarenal injection of nickel sulfide Ni3S2. AB - In rats, injection of nickel sulfide (5 mg) into each pole of one kidney, unlike intramuscular administration, elicits a plethoric condition a few weeks later. The resulting hematologic changes (increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes and circulating erythrocyte mass with normal plasma volume) indicate that the plethoric condition is due to polycythemia, which is not associated with alterations in the 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid content of erythrocytes. Removal of the treated kidney, following the development of the polycythemia, as well as the tumor growth and expansion in the renal parenchyma, reverse the plethoric condition, suggesting that the erythropoietic changes derive from nickel-induced renal lesions. Further studies are required to elucidate the nature and mechanisms of the cellular alterations. PMID- 1129299 TI - Differential binding to Sepharose-Con A of B12-binding proteins from human gastric juice. AB - Human gastric juice was found to contain at least two vitamin B-12 binding substances. One of the proteins which formed a complex with B12 was found to bind to a column containing Sepharose-ConA. Since the protein which bound to Sepharose-ConA was absent in the gastric juice of pernicious anemia patients it was concluded that this protein was intrinsic factor. The ability of intrinsic factor to bind to Sepharose-ConA offers a potential means by which intrinsic factor could be separated from other B-12 binding proteins in gastric juice. The ConA binding properties of intrinsic factor might be exploited in the development of a diagnostic test for pernicious anemia. PMID- 1129300 TI - The effect of in vitro irradiation on the subsequent growth of ectopic splenic autoimplants. PMID- 1129301 TI - Radioimmunoassay for GH-release inhibiting hormone. AB - The synthetic growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH) was conjugated with human serum globulin using glutaraldehyde and administered to rabbits. An antiserum thus generated 70% of 125I-Tyr1-GH-RIH. The binding was inhibited by unlabelled GH-RIH and the inhibition was dose-related, enabling us to establish a radioimmunoassay method for GH-RIH. The minimum detectable dose was 4 pg. A linearity was demonstrated for immunoreactive GH-RIH of extracts of rat and pig hypothalami, indicating that they contained substance(s) indistinguishable from GH-RIH. Various hypothalamic and pituitary hormones did not interfere with the radioimmunoassay, but considerable cross-reaction was observed for linear GH-RIH and the ring portion of GIH-RIH, suggesting that the antigenic determinant involved the amino acid sequence from position 3-14 of GH-RIH or part of it. Plasma protein appears to contain substance(s) immunologically indistinguishable from GH-RIH or to interfere, in a nonspecific manner, with the radioimmunoassay system for GH-RIH. PMID- 1129302 TI - Aging and ovarian delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehyrogenase in rats. AB - Ovarian delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activiety and protein content were determined in long-evans rate 1-24 mo of age. Activity of the enzyme per miligram of protein was maximal between 2 and gram of protein was maximal between 2 and 4 mo of age and declined theragter. Ovarian enzyme activity of the 24-mo old rat was significantly less than that of the prepubertal animal. Total ovarian enzyme acitivity was maximal in 4-mo old rats. A decline in ovarian protein was noted between 4 and 24 mo of age. PMID- 1129303 TI - The use of 51Cr for sheep red blood cell survival studies. AB - The red blood cell half-life as determined by 51Cr-labelled autologous cells in five adult sheep was 13.7 days. In contrast, the red blood cell life span measured by cohort 59Fe-labelling in six adult sheep was 111.7 days. The rapid loss of 51Cr-activity from the circulation appears to result from rapid elution of the label from the circulating red cells. 51Cr does not appear to be a suitable isotope for erythrokinetic studies in sheep. PMID- 1129304 TI - The effect of synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotides on colony forming cells in normal human bone marrow. PMID- 1129305 TI - Antagonism of depressant activity of ethanol by DH-524; a comparative study with Bemegride, Doxapram and d-amphetamine. PMID- 1129306 TI - Platelet recovery after induction of acute thrombocytopenia. AB - After mild thrombocytopenia (about 50-100% of control platelet level), induced by injection of antiplatelet serum (APS), platelets increased at a fairly constant and moderate rate for about 4 days and reached a maximum count, greater than pretreatment levels, on the fifth day. After moderate to severe thrombocytopenia, an early moderate rate of platelet increase was succeeded within 2 days by a second more rapid rate that persisted for about 3 days. The maximum overshoot of the platelet count was usually less than twice the pretreatment level. After the largest doses of APS, the platelet count remained depressed for several days. Platelet response after acute thrombocytopenia induced with antiserum is therefore variable, depending on the level and duration of thrombocytopenia. PMID- 1129308 TI - The effect of mineralocorticoid deficiency on renal concentrating and diluting capacity. AB - To examine the effect of mineralocorticoid deficiency on sodium transport by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, free water clearance and reabsorption were measured in the same six dogs under conditions of aldosterone deficiency and mineralocorticoid sufficiency. Aldosterone deficiency was induced by bilateral adrenalectomy with dexamethasone replacement. H2O/100 ML GFR ranged from 4.0 to 19.5 in the aldosterone deficient dogs and 4.5-18.6 in the mineralocorticoid sufficient dogs. H2O/100 ML GFR plotted against V/100 ML GFR showed no significant difference between the two groups. H2O/100 ml GFR ranged from 1.2 to 6.5 in the mineralocorticoid sufficient group and 2.4-8.5 in the mineralcorticoid sufficient group and 2.4-8.5 in the aldosterone deficient group. TC-H2O/100 GFR plotted against Osm/100 ml GFR revealed no significant urine concentration in the mineralocorticoid sufficient group was 1356 mOsm/kg plus or minus 254 (SD) and 1386 mOsm/kg plus or minus 331 (SD) for the aldosterne deficient group; the difference is not significant. This study failed to demonstrate any effect of aldosterone deficiency on renal concentrating and diluting capacity and thus provides inferential evidence against an effect of aldosterone on ascending limb sodium reabsorption. PMID- 1129307 TI - Effects of several antianginal agents on pacing-induced S-T Segment depression in the atherosclerotic rabbit. AB - Several agents used clinically in the treatment of angina pectoris were studied in an atherosclerotic rabbit model previously shown to be useful in differentiating antianginal drug activity. Intravenously administered isosorbide dinitrate afforded protection against pacing-induced S-T segment depression in a dose-related manner. Drugs with no protective effect included pentaerythritol tetranitrate, chromonar, and papaverine. Propranolol also did not prevent pacing induced S-T segment depression, due in part to the overriding of the beneficial negative chronotropic effect of this drug by pacing. PMID- 1129309 TI - Effect of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) on Friend leukemia virus infections in mice. AB - Ribavirin, when administered intraperitoneally to mice infected with Friend leukemia virus, significantly inhibited development of the disease as determined by inhibition of virus-induced splenomegaly and viable virus titers in the spleen and plasma of the infected animals. The drug was effective whether administered ip in multiple daily treatments, treatments every three days, or single injection. Greatest efficacy was seen when therapy began early in the infection, presumably while the virus was in its eclipse phase. PMID- 1129310 TI - Placental transport of creating in the rat. AB - Pregnant rats near term were injected iv with creatine-1-14C or creatinine-1-14C and the distribution of radioactivity was studied in maternal and fetal blood as well as in the visceralyolk sacs and chorioallantoic placentae. After injection of creatine-1-14C into the dam, the level of radioactivity in fetal blood was somewhat higher than that inmaternal blood at 30 min, reached maximal levels after 30 min, and remained essentially constant for at least 4 hr. The radioactivity in the labyrinth and junctional zone portions of the chorioallantoic placenta and the yolk sac was maximal after 30-6- min and was always considerably higher than that in the fetal and maternal blood. Furthermore, the level of radioactivity in the labyrinth was several times higher than that in the junctional zone portion of the chorioallantoic placenta and the yolk sac in which the radioactivity remained essentially constant after 1 hr. On the other hand, the radioactivity in the labyrinth declined rapidly after the first hour and reached levels which were about one-third of the maximal value after 4 hr. When labeled creatine was injected into the dam, 90% of the radioactivity present in the fetal blood and chorioallantoic placenta was found in free creatine as shown by paper chromatography in three different systems. Ancillary studies showed that the creatine concentration in fetal blood was several times higher than that in the maternal blood on the 21st-22 day of gestation. Creatine concentration in both portions of the chorioallantoic placenta as well as the visceral yolk sac was higher than that in the fetal blood, indicating that a downhill concentration gradient existed between creatine in placental tissues and that in the fetal circulation. When creatinine-1-14C was injected iv into pregnant rats, the level of radioactivity in fetal blood rose to a maximum after 5-15 min, but the radioactivity in the maternal blood was considerably higher than that in either the fetal blood or the chorioallantoic placenta and yolk sac. These studies indicate that creatine is actively accumulated and released by the placental unit to the growing rat fetus, while creatinine is passively transported from mother to conceptus across the placentae, at least during the later stages of rat gestation. PMID- 1129311 TI - The effect of hyperbaric exposure of 20 atmospheres-absolute (He-O2) on sphingoglycolipids of rat tissues. AB - The effect of hyperbaric exposure of helium-oxygen at 20 atmospheres-absolute (ATA) on sphingoglycolipids of rat liver, kidney, lung and spleen was studied. No changes were found in the total lipids of the tissues of rats held in ambient air, helium-oxygen mixtures at 1 ATA and 20 ATA. The amounts of three glycolipids in the spleen and the monoglycosyl ceramide in the lung were decreased in the stressed animals. There were changes in the fatty acid profiles of glycolipids between groups of animals held in ambient air and He-O2 at 1 ATA. Greater changes were observed in the amount of glycolipids from liver and kidney of animals held at 1 ATA and 20 ATA, providing additional evidence that helium can affect cellular metablism at ambient pressure. Chain elongation of fatty acids was observed in glycolipids of liver, kidney and spleen of rats exposed to helium-oxygen at 20 ATA compared to animals held in helium-oxygen at 1 ATA. PMID- 1129312 TI - Alterations with age in rat seminiferous tubule monoamine oxidase activity when compared with whole testicular tissue. PMID- 1129313 TI - Antiprostatic effects of a nitrogen mustard of estriol. AB - The chemical ester of a nitrogen mustard with estriol was tested for its antiprostatic effects in dogs and rats. The E33-mustard was shown to interfere with the uptake of labeled estriol in the dog prostate and by the ventral prostate of the rat; and to increase the uptake of the radioactivity associated with testosterone in the dog prostate. The weights of the ventral and dorsolateral prostates of the rat were significantly reduced following the administration of E3-mustard for 2 days. The results are interpreted to be very similar to those obtained with the mustard of E (Estracyt) and the effects are probably a combination of the actions of the released estrogen (D) and/or mustard, either adding individually or in concert. PMID- 1129314 TI - Accumulation of 3H-estradiol in the vaginas and pituitary glands of mice of inbred strains. AB - The sensitivity of the vaginal epithelium of ovariectomized mice of the A and C57 strains to estradiol differ approximately fivefold. The vaginas of the more sensitive C57 strain did accumulate more 333H-E2 at 1 hr in two or three experiments but the retention at 6 and 12 hr was not significantly different. The pituitary accumulation of H-E2 by the pituitary-tumor susceptable C57 mice, although not significantly greater than that of the nonsusceptable A strain mice at 1 hr was higher at 6 and 12 hr after the injection. Most of the toluene extractable radioactivity from pituitary glands and vaginas was estradiol with no strain differences. The accumulation of H-E2 in other tissues was not significantly different in mice of the two strains. PMID- 1129315 TI - Effects of vitamin E deficiency on GSH-induced swelling of rat liver mitochondria. AB - Liver mitochondria from alphatocopherol deficient rats swell more rapidly, both spontaneously and in the presence of GSH, than those from control animals. The increased swelling of deficient mitochondria induced by GSH was completely eliminated when mitochondria were left longer than two hours at 0 degrees in the suspending medium. GSH-induced swelling of liver mitochondria from alpha tocopherol deficient rats is reversed by ATP, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and by oral administration alpha-tocopherol (2 mg/day per rat). Swelling of mitochondria in the above system was completely inhibited by the respiratory chain inhibitor, cyanide (.001 M), and partially by azide (0.001 M). We suggest that the swelling tendency of liver mitochondria from alpha-tocopherol deficient rats might be associated with an altered respiratory mechanism and/or an alteration in membrane permeability. PMID- 1129316 TI - Effect of relaxin on mammary gland growth and lactation in the rat. AB - Mammary DNA, RNA and RNA/DNA were measured in groups of 10 ovariectomized rats treated for 20 days with relaxin (R) in doses of 20 and 90 guinea pig units (GPU) alone or in combination with 1 mug estradiol benzoate (EB) or EB plus 3 mg progsterone (P). No treatment, EB only, and EB plus P served as control groups. Twenty GPU R alone significantly increased DNA over the no treatment group while 90 GPU did not increase DNA any higher. Although DNA values for the EB group were higher than no treatment and EB plus P higher than EB, R was not effective in increasing DNA in combination with either EB or EB plus P.R alone at either level did not change RNA from the no treatment group, but 90 GPU R in association with EB and both levels of R in association with EB plus P significantly reduced RNA in relation to the approiate control groups. Relaxin acts synergistically with estrogen and progesterone to develop the mammary apparatus and at the same time to suppress lactation. Removing the inhibitory effects of relaxin at parturition may be an important prelude to lactogenesis. PMID- 1129317 TI - Improved hatch rate in helium-oxygen by reducing shell diffusion area. AB - For eggs incubating in a He atmosphere (79% He/21% O2), covering approximately 50% of the shell with melted paraffin improves hatch rate to control values (from 20% to 74%) and decreases egg weight loss to control values (from 17% to 9%). In air (79% N2/21% O2) the same paraffin treatment depresses hatch rate. The role of the inert gases in incubation appears to be an indirect one related to their modification of the rate of gaseous flux across the shell with the adverse effects of He due to excessively rapid diffusion. PMID- 1129318 TI - Evaluation of insulin resistance in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 1129319 TI - Inhibition of estradiol-induced intranuclear inclusions by an anti-estrogen (nafoxidine) in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil. AB - Nafoxidine, an anti-estrogen, inhibited the induction of intranuclear inclusions by estradiol in mammotrophs of the male Mongolian gerbil. No inclusions were observed with inhibitor alone or in control-injected gerbils. Estrogen may well act directly on mammotrophs in induction of nuclear inclusions. PMID- 1129320 TI - Factors affecting the initial extraction of ovine gonadotropins. AB - The method of tissue homogenization as well as the solvents used for extraction influenced the protein yield, the specific activity of the oLH and oFSH, and the total units of each hormone recovered. Use of the Tekmar homogenizer (Method 2) produced a fivefold increase in the total yield of oLH per Kg glands (2390 units, Method 2; 474 units, Method 1) and the relative potency of this partially purified LH from the 80% ethanol precipitate was increased (0.16 times NIH-LH S18, Method 2). By combining the aqueous extraction--ammonium sulfate precipitation with a subsequent ethanolic acetate extraction (Methods 3 and 4) the combined yields provided a 2.4-fold increase in oLH and 1.4-fold increase in oFSH. Thus the total units recovered of oFSH and oLH can be increased simply by changing the methods of homogenization and extraction. PMID- 1129321 TI - Effects of magnesium deficiency and thyroparathyroidectomy on calcium active transport by rat duodenum. AB - Mg deficiency was produced in rats by feeding a Mg-free diet. Ten days of dietary Mg depletion led to an increase in active duodenal Ca absorption in sham-operated animals, but this increase was abolished by thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX). In addition, TPTX reduced Ca absorption in control aminals fed a Mg-containing diet. More prolonged Mg deficiency was produced by feeding sham-operated animals the Mg free diet for 19 days. This condition resulted in more marked hypomagnesemia and a depression of Ca transport rates to the level observed in the TPTX groups. These results are consistent with the concept that adaptation of duodenal Ca transport in response to Mg deficiency occurs through an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion; however, direct blood PTH measurements will be required to prove this point. PMID- 1129322 TI - Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on mitochondrial protein synthesis in Sinclair(S-1) miniature swine. AB - The effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on hepatic mitochondrial protein synthesis in miniature swine was investigated. After 3 wk on test, there was no decrease in the rate of amino acid incorporation between livers of control and ethanol consuming pigs. After 6 wk on test, there was a 33% decrease in rate of hepatic mitochondrial membrane protein synthesis in livers of experimental pigs, as compared with controls. When analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis, a decrease in labeling of the 40,000 mol wt peak, from both whole membrane protein and proteolipid protein profiles, was observed for livers from ethanol consuming pigs as compared with controls. PMID- 1129323 TI - Different responses of two mouse strains to 650 rads and protection by surgical stress. AB - Radiation survival of C57B1/6J mice after 650 rads improved from 1.7% to 66% when mice were stressed surgically one week before irradiation. Surgical stress one or three weeks before irradiation increased endogenous CFUs and decreased exogenous CFUs in C57B1/6J and DBA/1J mice. Survival may be related to the proportion of stem cells in different phases of the cell cycle, which was abnormal in C57B1/6J mice and compensated for by a greater number of nucleated cells per femur. PMID- 1129324 TI - Alleviation of silver toxicity by selenite in the rat in relation to tissue glutathione peroxidase. AB - Dietary Se (0.5 ppm Se supplied as sodium selenite to a casein-based diet containing 0.02 ppm Se and lacking in vitamin E) prevented the growth depression observed in rats receiving 76 ppm Ag in the water supply and markedly improved growth and survival of those given 751 ppm Ag. The Ag concentration of liver and possibly of kidney was increased by Se. Liver glutathione peroxidase activities from rats fed 0.5 ppm Se and given 76 and 751 ppm Ag for 52 days in their water were, respectively, 30% and 4% of those from control rats fed 0.5 ppmSe without Ag. In rats fed a diet, adequate in vitamin E (100 IU/kg) and Se (0.5 ppm as sodium selenite), administration of 751 ppm Ag in the water for 15 wk reduced liver GSH-Px activity to 5% of that from control rats receiving no Ag. GSH-Px activity of erythrocytes and kidney was decreased by Ag to 37% and 38%, respectively, of control values. It is concluded that in vivo administration of Ag dramatically decreased liver GSH-Px in rats fed Se-supplemented diets with or without vitamin E. Furthermore, supplemental Se (0.5 ppm) prevented the growth depression and mortality caused by Ag in rats fed a diet lacking vitamin E, while increasing the Ag concentration of liver and kidney. PMID- 1129325 TI - Prolonged production of ovarian progesterone in pseudopregnant hamsters bearing deciduomata. AB - Decidual tissue in pseudopregnant hamsters prolonged ovarian progesterone release by one full day. The terminal decline in circulating progesterone occurred abruptly overnight in experimental and control animals and was synchronous with termination of hyperemia. During the hours immediately preceding luteal regression the mean progesterone level was significantly higher in hamsters with decidual tissue. PMID- 1129326 TI - Rat immunoglobulins in serum and secretions: comparison of IgM, IgA and IgG in serum, colostrum, milk and saliva of protein malnourished and normal rats. AB - Immunoglobulin levels in colostrum and milk of normal and protein malnourished rat dams and in serum and saliva of their offspring were quantitated by radial immunodiffusion employing purified anti-rat alpha, gamma and mu. In general, no significant difference was observed in the level of colostral IgA in malnourished as compared to normal rat dams or in the level of serum IgA and IgM and salivary IgA and IgG2a of their offspring. On the other hand, malnourished mothers demonstrated approximately twofold lower levels of colostral IgG2a than normal mothers throughout the entire period of lactation. In addition, at every interval tested, the level of IgG was approximately 1.5- to 2-fold less in malnourished as compared to normal offspring. PMID- 1129327 TI - Germ-free status and colon tumor induction by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. AB - Female germfree and conventional rats of 50 days of age were injected intrarectally with MNNG for 20 wk (total dose, 48 mg/rat) and autopsied 30 wk after last injection. The colon adenomas induced by MNNG were doubled in germfree rats compared to conventional animals. However, germfree status had no effect on the incidence of adenocarcinomas. It is concluded that pharmacodynamics and metabolism of carcinogen play a role greater than the immune status of the animal in the action of carcinogens such as MNNG. PMID- 1129328 TI - Phytohemagglutinin committed lymphocytes: the mitotic activity of the phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to find out why there was a decrease in the mitotic activity in the prolonged PHA stimulated lymphocyte cultures. The present observations suggested that the decrease in the mitotic rate in the prolonged PHA stimulated lymphocytes was not due to a deficiency in the essential material in the culture medium to sustain a maximum mitotic response, nor was it due to an accumulation of the metabolites that might inhibit the lymphocytes to undergo further division. However, the results obtained suggest that there may be a limitation in the number of generation cycles in which the T lymphocytes can be stimulated with the PHA. They also suggest that a second dose of PHA may stimulate some of the original noncommitted lymphocytes to undergo mitosis thus attempting to maintain the in vitro lymphocyte population. PMID- 1129329 TI - Control of cell division in the cornea of rats II. Age-dependent effects of dexamethasone upon circadian mitotic activity. AB - Data are presented here which verify that immature rats exhibit no circadian fluctuation of mitoses in the corneal epithelium prior to the third week of life. These data indicate that dexamethasone administration induces age-dependent alterations in the circadian mitotic pattern of the corneal epithelium. Nine day old animals still revealed no rhythmic component in circadian mitotic activity after dexamethasone treatment. Eleven-, 12- and 13-day old animals treated with dexamethasone exhibited circadian cycles which looked qualitatively like the circadian rhythm of the 15-day old animal. Fifteen-day old animals responded with a synchrony of mitotic activity at 0700 hr and a generalized decrease in mitotic activity. The possible dependence of these responses upon existing circadian mitotic activity and maturation of the central nervous system and/or the glucocorticoid target tissue is discussed. PMID- 1129330 TI - Metabolic studies in eviscerated rats with functional livers. AB - A new technique is described for evisceration in the rat in which liver function is preserved. These animals lack all known sources of glucagon and insulin and are capable of active gluconeogenesis, urea formation and ketone body production by the liver. Measurements of blood levels of the metabolites of the caloric substrates showed that, unlike the classical eviscerate preparation, these animals maintain high blood glucose, urea and ketone body levels for up to 72 hr as contrasted with the profound decrease in these constituents in the absence of the liver. Survival time is also significantly extended from about 6 hr in rats lacking liver function to 72 hr or more when the liver is viable. This new surgical preparation is a valuable tool for studying the role of the liver in absence of the known gastroentero-pancreatic hormones. It would also be utilized as a model of "acute" diabetes. PMID- 1129331 TI - Effects of indomethacin on furosemide-induced changes in renal blood flow. AB - The effects of indomethacin on furosemide induced changes in renal blood flow were determined in dogs. Furosemide alone caused an increase in total renal blood flow while indomethacin alone decreased renal blood flow. When furosemide was administered to animals pretreated with indomethacin the increase in renal blood flow was blocked. Changes in intrarenal blood flow distribution were also measured using radioactive microspheres. The pattern of blood flow distribution after furosemide was modified in some of the animals pretreated with indomethacin. Stimulation of renin secretion occurred after furosemide in indomethacin-treated animals. The data suggest that the changes in renal blood flow produced by furosemide may be modulated by the prostaglandin system. PMID- 1129332 TI - Metabolic response after isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in arteriosclerotic breeder vs nonarteriosclerotic virgin intact and gonadectomized male rats. AB - Male, nonarteriosclerotic (virgin) intact and castrated, Sprague-Dawley rats and male, arteriosclerotic (breeder) rats were subjected to an acute and massive myocardial infarct, by treating them with two large, subcutaneous doses of isoproterenol, spaced 24 hr apart. Serum insulin and glucose rose abruptly after the first injection of isoproterenol, but not after the second injection. Free fatty acids rose, most markedly, in the intact, nonarteriosclerotic rats, less in the arteriosclerotic breeders, and least in the castrates. These changes in free fatty acids coincided with numerical survival, i.e., greatest number of survivors in castrates. The castrated males also manifested the least amount of congestive heart failure and showed the greatest capacity to affect myocardial repair. It is suggested that reduced androgen levels may have an ameliorative effect on the usual pathogenesis of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. PMID- 1129333 TI - Aortic histomine syntesis in experimental neurogenic hypertension. AB - Aortic histamine synthesis of normotensive rats has been compared to that of rats rendered hypertensive via production carotid sinus ischemia and to animals additionally subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy. Results indicate that the aortic histamine-forming capacities (HFC's) of rats sacrificed 24 hr after surgical treatment were elevated 83% and 103% for hypertensive rats and those additionally subjected to adrenalectomy, respectively. At an 8-day postoperative interval, the respective aortic HFC's were elevated over control by 33% and 45%, although at this time interval animals were not considered hypertensive. This study thus offers suggestive evidence that hypertension causes increased vascular permeability by increasing the histamine-forming capacity of the vessel wall. PMID- 1129334 TI - Release of transcobalamin II by canine organs. AB - The output of vitamin B12 transport proteins by canine tissues was determined from isolated, perfused organs. Transcobalamin II as identified by four techniques was released by the spleen, heart, liver, and kidney. When related to perfused weight, the greatest output occurred from the kidney. PMID- 1129335 TI - Serum vitamin B12- binding proteins in neutropenia. AB - Serum unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity (UBBC) has been shown to fluctuate with neutrophil levels and has been reported to correlate with TBGP in normal and hyperleukocytic states. However, the present report demonstrates that the above relationship is not present in neutropenia, suggesting that some of our concepts regarding UBBC may have to be reexamined, since factors other than TBGP appear to be operative. There was a wide scatter of UBBC values among the 39 neutropenic subjects studied, the mean being significantly above normal. There were few low values. High UBBC was primarily confined to subjects with transient neutropenia. Normal values were generally seen in steady neutropenia. The difference in UBBC was primarily due to Transcobalamin I, the other serum binders being similar in both groups. No other significant diagnostic pattern of UBBC was found. Recovery from neutropenia was accompanied by a rise in UBBC in all cases except in four patients whose UBBC was initially very high and fell with recovery. No discernible pattern of serum B12 levels existed, although subnormal levels without evidence of B12 deficiency were found in three of the seven patients with aplastic anemia. Serum B12 levels did not change with recovery in approximately half of the neutropenic subjects, change being variable in the others. Neither serum B12, UBBC, total B12-binding capacity, or any of the three serum B12 binders correlated with neutrophil count, bone marrow findings, TBGP, or granulocyte turnover rate. PMID- 1129336 TI - Dimensional and physiological lesions in the chick eye as influenced by the light environment. PMID- 1129337 TI - Chromosomal instability in cell lines derived from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. AB - The chromosomes of four cell lines derived from skin biopsies of four patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) were studied and compared with corresponding controls. In the early passages, all XP lines had normal chromosome constitution with rates of polyploidy and chromosome aberrations within the range found in the controls. In the later passages, the XP cell lines had higher levels of chromosome abnormalities. The degree of abnormalities varied greatly among the XP lines; two lines had very high level of polyploidy (up to 50%) and cells with chromosome aberrations (up to 79%), the other two XP lines had a normal level of polyploidy and a slightly higher incidence of cells with chromosome aberrations than normal. The most common type of aberration was dicentrics. PMID- 1129338 TI - Cardiovascular and platelet responses in the dog to the monoenoic prostaglandin precursor dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid. AB - The monoenoic prostaglandin precursor, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), in a single dose intravenously (2.0 mg/kg) in dogs, produced a biphasic alteration in systemic arterial pressure (SAP) with a predominant and marked depressor effect. This SAP response is approximately equidepre-sor to the effect of PGE1 5 mug/kg. DGLA had a positive inotropic effect, causing a greater increase in myocardial contractility than PGE1 in an equidepressor dose. The effect of DGLA on MC was not altered by ganglion blockade or beta-adrenergic blockade. Aspirin blocked the sustained depressor response to DGLA but not an initial drop in SAP and increase of MC of very short duration. Aspirin had no effect on PGE1 or PGF1 alpha responses. DGLA caused no thrombocytopenia, but caused a decrease in sensitivity to platelet aggregation. Control fatty acid injections produced variable effects with no resemblances to DGLA responses. It is concluded that DGLA produces direct depressor and positive inotropic responses as well as responses which may be due to conversion to an endoperoxide formed in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. In contrast, in equidepressor doses, arachidonic acid (AA), the bisenoic prostaglandin precursor, produces a delayed, single-phase depressor effect which may be due to endoperoxide formation alone. Further, the effect of AA on MC is reflex and is blocked by hexamethonium. PMID- 1129339 TI - Kaluresis and cardiac sensitivity to hyperkalaemia in intact and adrenalectomized rabbits. AB - Rabbits K loaded by infusion of 2 meq KCl/kg/hr excrete over 55% of the administered K in the urine and do not develop prelethal ECG changes until mean serum K attains to 14.9 meq/liter, i.e., 11.8 meq/liter above the average preinfusion level. Four hours after bilateral adrenalectomy there is a profound diminution of urinary K loss in K loaded rabbits--less than 7% of the infused K is excreted. There is, however, no significant change in cardiac sensitivity to hyperkalemia. K loaded dogs lose only about 20% of infused K in the urine and develop prelethal ECG changes at similar to 10.2 meq/liter, i.e., 5.6meq/liter above the mean of the preinfusion levels. After adrenalectomy, urinary K loss is only moderately diminished (12% of infused K is still found in the urine), but cardiac sensitivity to K is markedly increased: prelethal ECG changes appear at a serum K level of similar to 7.6 meq/liter--about 2.9 meg/liter above the preinfusion value. PMID- 1129340 TI - Concentration of serotonin in intestine and factors affecting its release. AB - The concentration of serotonin in the female chicken intestine (10.79 mug/g wet tissue) was significantly higher than in the male (7.98 mug/g). The release of serotonin from an isolated perfused intestine was studied. The intestine continually releases serotonin at the rate of 10 ng per g/min. A number of substances, including glycine, epinephrine, and acetylcholine, caused a significant release of serotonin, with acetylcholine having the greatest effect. Histamine or electrical stimulation did not affect the release of serotonin. PMID- 1129342 TI - [News of elementary particles]. PMID- 1129341 TI - Renal clearance of human and rat albumins in the rat. AB - Experiments were done to investigate whether molecular discrimination occurred in the renal handling of two species of serum albumin. Human albumin, 40 mg, was infused into rats; it was removed from serum (t1/2 equal to 15.8 hr) more rapidly than previously reported measurements of removal of endogenous rat albumin (t1/2 equal to 46 hr). Human albumin was cleared by the rat kidney at a constant rate of 0.0026 mul/min--a value virtually identical to that of rat albumin (0.0020 mul/min). In rats with proteinuria following the single iv injection of puromycin aminonucleoside, human albumin was removed from serum with a half-life of 17.6 hr. During the development of the nephrotic syndrome, the renal clearances of human and rat albumin increased proportionately. Despite the difference in the serum concentration and rates of removal of the two species of albumin, renal handling of the two species was similar. Thus the kidney did not appear to discriminate in its handling of these two proteins. PMID- 1129343 TI - [Drug effects and alcohol]. PMID- 1129344 TI - [Physiopathology of drug induced diarrhea]. PMID- 1129345 TI - Relation of rat brain acetylcholine levels to duration of self-stimulation and escape behavior. AB - Total brain acetylcholine (ACh) was assayed in groups of animals after various periods of operant responding maintained by electrical stimulation of the lateral posterior hypothalamus or of escape behavior induced by electrical stimulation of the midbrain tegmentum. Different groups of trained rats were placed in identical Skinner boxes for periods of 1 to 24 hr. The following groups were studied: controls, self-stimulators receiving electrical stimulation, escapers from brain stimulation or peripherally applied aversive stimulation, self-stimulators not receiving electrical stimulation prior to decapitation, tubocurarine-paralyzed respired rats with electrodes in the posterior-lateral hypothalamus not receiving stimulation, and a group of tubocurarine-paralyzed, respired rats receiving electrical stimulation automatically. It was found that brain stimulation decreased total brain ACh, regardless of whether the stimulation was positive, as during self-stimulation behavior, or negative, as during escape behavior. Animals that receivied positive stimulation while being paralyzed showed similar decreases in total brain ACh, but the change in ACh was smaller. No changes occurred in animals that were paralyzed that recieved no electrical stimulation. It is concluded that brain usage produced by electrical stimulation of discrete functional pathways causes a reduction of total ACh, but this is unrelated to the specific motivational properties of the electrical stimuli. PMID- 1129347 TI - Dilutional hyponatremia due to diazoxide-produced polydipsia. AB - Subcutaneous injection of diazoxide every 3 hr for a total of 5 doses in 15 hr produced a state of elevated drinking and antidiuresis in rats resulting in a massive, positive, self-imposed water load. Dilutional hyponatremia was present, but not serum hyposmolality, owing to the increased serum glucose and BUN. The mechanism by which diazoxide produces a polydipsia even in the presence of an accumulating water load may illuminate the genesis of other pathophysiological dilutional states. PMID- 1129346 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of mescaline: mescaline or metabolite? AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate possible similarities in the interoceptive stimuli produced by mescaline and its metabolites. Rats were trained in a 2 lever operant chamber to discriminate between the drugged state (mescaline 25 mg/kg) and the nondrugged state (saline). Following acquisition of discriminative response control the rats were pretreated with either saline, aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors or amine oxidase inhibitors and tested stimulus generalization produced by i.p. injections of 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenylethanol (TMPE), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde (TMPA), N-acetylmescaline, mescaline or saline. The results indicated that both aldehyde dehydrogenase and amine oxidase inhibitors enhanced the effects of mescaline, while TMPE, TMPA and N acetylmescaline failed to exhibit generalization to the mescaline state, regardless of pretreatment. These findings do not indicate the role of a metabolite in the interoceptive cue produced by mescaline. PMID- 1129348 TI - Alterations in brain monoaminergic functioning associated with septal lesion induced hyperreactivity. AB - Thirty male albino rats, individually housed and receiving food and water ad lib were rated on 3 consecutive days for reactivity to handling. The animals were then assigned to behaviorally equivalent groups and received either bilateral septal lesions or a sham operation. Following two days of recovery, all animals received an additional behavioral testing session. Immediately following this last test, norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels, instantaneous rate constants (k), turnover times (TT) and utilization rates (K) as well as the levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the hypothalamus, limbic system, cortex and pons-medulla were determined fluorometrically. Postoperatively, animals with septal lesions were significantly more reactive to handling, while the behavior of sham-operated controls remained essentially unchanged. Significant reductions in hypothalamic NE and DA and limbic DA were observed in the septal lesion animals. Catecholamine levels in other brain parts were unaffected as were 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in all brain areas. Ratios of NE/5-HT in the limbic system were significantly reduced in animals which received septal lesions. Measures of catecholamine dynamics (k, TT, K) were unaltered by septal lesions. These results support the hypothesis of a catecholaminergic involvement in affective behavior but do not demonstrate any alteration in the functional dynamics of the brain monoamines associated with the hyperreactivity induced by septal lesions. PMID- 1129349 TI - A method of direct chemical brain stimulation in behavioral studies using microiontophoresis. AB - A method of microiontophoresis for direct chemical brain stimulation in chronic, awake animals for behavioral studies is described. Carbachol-induced drinking was employed to test the method. Fluid-filled micropipettes (tip diameters: 5-15 mu) were stereotaxically implanted in the region of the nucleus of the diagonal band. Up to 3 weeks after recovery, ions could be ejected directly into the brain of awake animals by passing a direct current through the pipette. Iontophoretic ejection of carbachol in doses as low as 0.05 mug elicited drinking. This effect could be blocked by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg/kg scopolamine. Passage of choline ions produced no detectable effect. The microiontophoretic technique allows direct chemical brain stimulation in chronic, awake animals without major changes in tonicity or volume that can occur with crystalline or fluid implants through cannulae. Additionally, the technique allows precise localization, precise control of dosage, and minimal damage at the site of stimulation. PMID- 1129350 TI - Localization of the antinociceptive action of morphine in primate brain. AB - Microinjections of morphine sulfate (20-40 mu g) were made into various subcortical regions of the rhesus monkey brain. The effects of these injections were evaluated on the nociceptive threshold as defined by the shock titration technique. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that the region of maximal antinociceptive sensitivity to morphine in the primate is the periventricular-periaqueductal gray matter. It is tentatively suggested that morphine lowers that affective tone or the aversive component of pain by its action on the midbrain central gray and periventricular areas--both important projection and integration areas of the extralemniscal somatosensory system. PMID- 1129351 TI - Time course for plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid elevation in rats during stress. AB - The time course of plasma 11-hydroxysteroid elevation was studied in two stress situations: regular unsignalled foot shock which produces an intermediate steroid elevation and irregular signalled foot shock with the possibility of escape, which produces an extreme steroid elevation. The initial time course for steroid elevation followed a similar pattern for both treatment groups with the exception that in the irregular signalled group the plasma steroid elevation was more pronounced and there was an indication of biphasic response. The results are discussed in terms of possible inhibitory feedback pathways. PMID- 1129352 TI - Self-stimulation and local injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the rat brain: enhanced behavioral depressive effects of alpha-methylparatyrosine. AB - The effects of intracerebral injections of 6-OHDA on self-stimulation were examined. Small amounts of 6-OHDA were injected either in the area ventralis tegmenti (AVT) or laterally in the pedonculus cerebellaris superior (PCS), then all rats were implanted in the AVT. In spite of marked depletion of brain catecholamines, self-stimulation learning was not altered by PCS 6-OHDA injections, whereas, AVT 6-OHDA injections produced a small perturbance. The administration of low doses of AMPT which had no observable effect in control rats, produced a severe depression of self-stimulation rates in 6-OHDA pretreated rats. The depressive effect of AMPT is always more important in rats injected with 6-OHDA in the AVT than those injected at the level of PCS. The respective role of noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons in AVT self-stimulation are discussed. PMID- 1129353 TI - Effects of delta-9-THC and a water soluble ester of delta-9-THC on schedule controlled behavior. AB - delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) and one of its water soluble esters (SP-111) decreased the rates of responding by pigeons working under a variable interval 3-min schedule of food presentation, or a multiple fixed-ratio 30, fixed interavl 5-min schedule of food presentation. delta-9-THC was 3-6 times more potent than SP-111 and had a faster onset of effects on behavior. PMID- 1129354 TI - A modification of the jump-flinch technique for measuring pain sensitivity in rats. AB - The jump-flinch procedure provides a sensivite alternative to the hot-plate and tail-flick procedures. Analysis of the components of motor responses to increasing intensity of foot shock presentation has allowed the observational discrimination of five reliably elicited categories of unlearned responses to inescapable foot shock. Morphine sulfate differentially altered response category thresholds in rats. Response category thresholds also differed between Wistar and Fisher strain rats in analgesic effects of morphine sulfate. PMID- 1129355 TI - Comparison of 2, 5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) and d-amphetamine for in vivo efflux of catecholamines from rat brain. AB - The neurochemical effects of DOM and d-amphetamine were compared under several conditions in unanesthetized rats implanted with chronic-indwelling push-pull cannulae in a cerebral lateral ventricle. Brain catecholamine storage sites were previously pulse-labelled with 14-C-norepinephrine administered intraventricularly. During the perfusion of the lateral ventricles with artificial cerebrospinal fluid, the animals were injected i.p. with 1.5 mg/kg of DOM, 2.0 mg/kg of d-amphetamine or 1.0 ml/kg of isotonic saline. Analysis of the perfusate in successive samples indicated an increased efflux of 14-C radioactivity in rats administered DOM or d-amphetamine. Increased proportions of 14-C-norepinephrine and 14-C-normetanephrine were detected in samples of perfusate 15 to 30 min after drug injection. Pretreatment of other animals with 6 hydroxydopamine intraventricularly, which decreased brain levels of both norepinephrine and dopamine, blocked the increased efflux of 14-C-radioactivity induced by DOM or d-amphetamine. Pretreatment of rats with 6-hydroxydopa i.p., which depleted brain norepinephrine selectively, reduced to about half the d amphetamine-induced efflux of 14-C-radioactivity for all samples during the time course of the effect. However, animals pretreated with 6-hydroxydopa and then tested for DOM effects showed a different pattern of 14-C-radioactivity efflux. The efflux for the initial samples was increased as with the DOM control, but the 6-hydroxydopa pretreatment attuated the DOM-induced efflux for the later samples. The results suggest DOM and d-amphetamine share qualitatively similar effects in releasing and/or blocking the reuptake of catecholamines at brain periventricular nerve terminals. Nevertheless, DOM appears to differ from d-amphetamine in the temporal pattern of net catecholamine release. PMID- 1129357 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants: effects on extinction and fear learning. AB - Rats trained to run an alley for a food reward were extinguished following injections of different antidepressants. When retested several days later, the animals extinguished following pretreatment with the NE reuptake blocker protriptyline showed faster running speeds than did the other groups. Other rats given electrical shocks following pretreatment with protriptyline avoided the compartment in which they had been shocked less than did animals shocked following pretreatment with other antidepressants. This implies an interferance with some aspect of the learning or consolidation process which is correlated with the degree of NE reuptake blockage. It is hypothesized that NE terminals are deactivated following frustrative nonreward or punishment by the conversion and reuptake of the released NE to an altered extinction molecule. PMID- 1129356 TI - Anticonvulsant effects of 6-methoxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-alpha-carboline on audiogenic and electroconvulsive seizures in mice. AB - 6-Methoxy-1, 2, 3, 4, -tetrahydro-beta-carboline (6-MeO-THBC) was tested for anticonvulsant properties against audiogenic seizures in DBA/2J and primed C57BL/6J mice (i.e., mice given a prior auditory exposure) and aginast electroconvulsive seizures in DBA/2J mice. 6-MeO-THBC (100 mg/kg) was found to attenuate both types of behavioral seizures 2 hr after injection as compared to saline controls. In addition, 6-MeO-THBC increased whole brain serotonin and decreased whole brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid 2 hr after injection. These results support previous reports which suggest a serotonergic involvement in behavioral seizures. PMID- 1129358 TI - Neural activity changes correlated with central anticholinergic blockade of cholinergically-induced drinking. AB - In the rat, microinjections of carbachol into the septal area elicited water ingestion and increased multiple unit activity at this site and also the noninjected lateral hypothalamus. Carbachol injection into the lateral hypothalamus also elicited water ingestion, but multiple unit activity did not increase in this structure, although it did in the noninjected septal area. If carbachol was injected into one of these sites and isotonic saline into the other (conditions comparable to those for which drinking has been previously demonstrated), increased multiple unit activity was still found. However, if carbachol was injected into one of these sites and atropine into the other (conditions comparable to those for which the blockade of drinking has been previously demonstrated), the increases in multiple unit activity were blocked. Carbachol-elicited drinking may result from neural activity changes similar to those recorded in this study, and atropine may inhibit carbachol-elicited drinking by inhibiting such neural firing changes. PMID- 1129359 TI - Anorexigenic effects of d-amphetamine and l-DOPA in the rat. AB - The effect of amphetamine and l-dopa was compared in 22-hr food- and water deprived rats. Amphetamine produced marked anorexia, and l-dopa significantly reduced food intake at 200 mg/kg. Following pretreatment with RO 4-4602, a decarboxylase inhibitor, 100 mg/kg of l-dopa, a dose that did not significantly affect eating, produced marked anorexia. The anorectic effect of both amphetamine and l-dopa was antagonized by propranolol, a beta adrenergic antagonist. Phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, potentiated the anorectic effect of amphetamine and l-dopa. Haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg), a dopamine antagonist, failed to prevent the anorexia due to amphetamine but accentuated that due to l-dopa. Methysergide, a serotonin antagonist, also failed to prevent the anorexigenic effect of amphetamine. Finally, the administration of l-dopa with or without peripheral decarboxylase inhibition resulted in more than twice the increase in hypothalamic dopamine levels without significant changes in 5-HT or norepinephrine levels. The data show that the anorexigenic effect of amphetamine and l-dopa are similar and indicate a functional role for both norepinephrine and dopamine neurons in feeding behaviour in the rat. PMID- 1129360 TI - EDITORIAL: Should physical therapists do electromyography? Yes or no. PMID- 1129361 TI - Efficiency of muscular work: some clinical implications. AB - The concept of mechanical efficiency is briefly reviewed. Biochemical considerations set a maximum potential efficiency of 25 percent, but, in some instances, storage of energy in elastic tissue may yield a higher apparent efficiency. Comparisons of efficiency between normal and handicapped individuals can be made in terms of the oxygen cost of specific activities, or, if due regard is paid to the effects of the primary disease, the simpler indexes of pulse rate and ventilation may be used. Measurements of efficiency can be helpful in improving the working technique of both the healthy individual and the handicapped person, Useful gains of efficiency can result only if tasks initially have an efficiency substantially below the theoretical ultimate of 25 percent. PMID- 1129362 TI - Reduction of skin bacterial load with use of the therapeutic whirlpool. AB - Effects of immersion time, water temperature, and three whirlpool treatment techniques on the reduction of bacterial load on the plantar surface of feet were examined. When cultures were taken before and after treatment, water temperature was found not to be a significant factor when removal of bacteria is the primary objective in a vascularly uncompromised limb. Maximum reduction of bacterial count in water at 37.7 degrees Celsius appeared to be obtained after immersion about twenty minutes. Although agitation of the water was significantly better than either spraying or soaking the foot, agitation followed by spraying was significantly better than any single technique in removing bacteria. PMID- 1129363 TI - Effect of training on the use of weight-bearing orthoses. Comments of discussant. PMID- 1129364 TI - Characteristics of hospital provisions for continuing education for physical therapists in California. AB - The authors surveyed 197 acute general hospitals in California to determine characteristics of hospital provisions for continuing education for physical therapists. Most hospitals in California were found to provide continuing education opportunities for physical therapists, but physical therapists in small hospitals and in private-profit hospitals could be at a disadvantage financially if continuing education becomes compulsory for relicensure. A relatively low proportion of physical therapy departments in hospitals with less than one hundred beds budgeted continuing education, but a relatively high proportion of the same facilities required that therapists take time off without pay or use vacation time and pay their own expenses for continuing education. Similar circumstances characterized private-profit hospitals. PMID- 1129365 TI - Sensorimotor integration: an interdisciplinary approach. PMID- 1129366 TI - Clinical education: awareness of our "not-OK" behavior. PMID- 1129367 TI - Modifications of the temporary below-knee prothesis. PMID- 1129368 TI - Use of a vibrator to facilitate motor and kinesthetic behavior in children. PMID- 1129369 TI - LETTER: Effects of ultrasound on bone marrow. PMID- 1129370 TI - LETTER: Skin analgesia and ice massage. PMID- 1129372 TI - Occurrence of the singlet-oxygen mechanism in photodynamic oxidations of guanosine. PMID- 1129373 TI - Effects of inorganic nitrogen on the response of Lemna carbon dioxide output to light quality and timing. PMID- 1129374 TI - Photosensitized splitting of pyrimidine dimers in DNA by indole derivatives and tryptophan-containing peptides. PMID- 1129375 TI - Electrophoresis of acid soluble proteins from rat liver nuclei and polysomes on large two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. AB - Increased resolution of 0.4 N H(2)SO(4) soluble rat liver polysomal and nuclear proteins was achieved by initial electrophoresis on 15 percent polyacrylamide disc gels (25 times 0.5 cm) followed by electrophoresis on 16 percent polyacrylamide gel slabs (25 times 15 cm). With this method, it was found that the histones were resolved into 12 spots, the polysomal proteins A1 and A9 were each resolved into two components, and polysomal proteins A1, A1 and A1 with molecular weights of approximately 14,000 were separated from the other proteins by their rapid migration in the first dimension. Moreover, no histones were found in the acid extracts of the polysomes. PMID- 1129376 TI - Osmotic pressure variations used to elicit oscillations and changes in stiffness of muscle fibers. AB - By observing diffraction spectra produced by passing a laser beam through stimulated muscle fibers, the magnitude of sarcomere length change and the relative rate of filament sliding were found to decrease in hypertonic solutions. The first order diffraction for both resting and stimulated muscle fibers faded and then returned to its original intensity as the bathing solution was changed from isotonic to hypertonic and then back to isotonic. This is explained as being due to a change in optical contrast between the A and I bands. 7 Hz oscillations were detected at 4 degrees C during stimulation as the fibers equilibrated in hypertonic solutions. The stiffness of resting muscle in the hypertonic solutions increased while the stiffness of stimulated muscle decreased until at a concentration of 3.10 R they were equal. All processes were reversible. PMID- 1129377 TI - Biochemical profiles of cancer cells: I. Computerized analysis of mouse leukemic cellular RNA on polyacrylamide gels. AB - Recent studies in this laboratory have been directed at investigating the cellular and subcellular metabolism of RNA in leukemic cells which have been characterized with respect to their degree and type of sensitivity/resistance to specific chemotherapeutic agents. In the present report, electrophoretic patterns on several types of SDS-polyacrylamide gels are presented using total cellular RNA preparations from a subline of L1210 mouse leukemia found to be resistant to cytosine arabinoside (L1210/Ara-C). These studies have been facilitated by using a computerized-spectrophotometric system for quantitative and qualitative comparisons of these profiles. The results suggest that patterns of RNA metabolism may be a useful biochemical test in leukemia. PMID- 1129378 TI - Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the rate of photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. AB - The results of this study demonstrate that alpha-tocopherol has a significant ability in vivo to prohibit the production of cholesterol hydroperoxide in the erythrocyte membrane, and also significantly reduce the degree of cell membrane deformation upon exposure of the blood to light and oxygen (photooxygenation conditions). This study suggests that alpha-tocopherol prohibits the production of cholesterol hydroperoxide in the membrane which if produced leads to a weakened membrane observed as a "budded" cell in the electron micrographs. PMID- 1129379 TI - A potent new mesodermal growth factor from mouse submaxillary gland. A quantitative, comparative study with previously described submaxillary gland growth factors. AB - A new growth factor with potent growth stimulating effects on connective tissue cells of the cornea has been isolated and partially purified from mouse submaxillary glands. A computerized image analysis system has been used to quantitate the growth responses of connective tissue fibroblasts to this new growth factor and to compare its activity with that of four previously described growth factors [nerve growth factor (NGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), mesodermal growth factor (MGF), and thymocyte-transforming factor (TTF)] also obtained from mouse submaxillary glands. The new factor is as potent a growth stimulator as the previously described MGF. All five of the growth factors possessed esteropeptidase activity (trypsin-like) and general proteolytic activity. There was no correlation between the degree of growth stimulation of the connective tissue cells and either the esteropeptidase or general proteolytic activities of any of the growth factors. PMID- 1129380 TI - Different thermostability of L-lactate oxidase from Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium SP. 279. PMID- 1129381 TI - Chemical structure of a new amino acid isolated from the urine hydrolysate of a diabetic patient. PMID- 1129382 TI - Low energy electromagnetic perturbation of an enzyme substrate. PMID- 1129383 TI - The mechanism of cellular resting potential according to the association induction hypothesis and the perfused squid axon: correcting a misrepresentation. PMID- 1129384 TI - A variation of the Biesenberger technique of reduction mammaplasty. AB - A variation of the Biesenberger technique of reduction mammaplasty is presented. The medial and lateral blood supply is preserved in a "cut as you go" technique. The results in 68 widely varying cases have been most satisfactory. PMID- 1129385 TI - Xeroradiography examinations in orbitonasal surgery. Preliminary report. AB - The use of xeroradiography for graphic visualization of both the bony and soft tissue structures of the head is presented. The advantages and indications are discussed. PMID- 1129386 TI - Intracranial use of a breast prosthesis to temporarily stabilize a reduction cranioplasty. AB - We present a method of correcting cranial vault collapse after total reduction cranioplasty. PMID- 1129387 TI - Prevention of postoperative shifting of mammary prostheses. PMID- 1129388 TI - The etiological significance of the primal scene in perversions. AB - The etiological significance of the actually observed primal scene in fetishism and other perversions is discussed. The impact of the primal scene on the pathology of part object relationships, self and object image, and on the development of superego structures in perversion is stressed. PMID- 1129389 TI - Evaluation of progress in supervision. AB - Evaluation is an ongoing process in psychoanalytic education and is most active during supervision. Here we formulate five learning objectives relevant to evaluating competence in analyzing that can be used by both supervisor and candidate to assess progress throughout the supervisory experience. Session-by session evaluation produces the core material for periodic progress reports. PMID- 1129390 TI - Some observations on transitional object and infantile fetish. AB - Observations of a girl's development are presented to demonstrate the role of the transitional object in coping with the normal strains implicit in the separation individuation thrust and in the anal-urinary and early sexual stages of development. When at eighteen months a separation experience led to a serious preoedipal castration reaction, the transitional object no longer was capable of serving its ordinary function and was replaced by a fetishistic object. PMID- 1129391 TI - Idosophobia: a form of pregenital conversion. AB - The origins of idrosophobia (profuse sweating) in a young man are traced to his oedipal resolution and his pathological regressions and defenses. Idrosophobia, which resembles erythrophobia, is described as a syndrome of pregenital conversion. PMID- 1129392 TI - Split object choice. PMID- 1129393 TI - On the erotization of the umbilicus. PMID- 1129394 TI - Clinical and non-clinical applications of autogenic training in Soviet psychotherapy. PMID- 1129395 TI - A classification of interventions in child and conjoint family therapy. PMID- 1129396 TI - Psychotherapy of teenage girls with neurotic emotional disturbances. PMID- 1129397 TI - Dynamic psychotherapy with dangerous patients. PMID- 1129398 TI - A philosophy of psychotherapy of juvenile delinquency. PMID- 1129399 TI - [What is family psychotherapy?]. PMID- 1129400 TI - [Treatment of the family of a schizophrenic patient in a therapeutic community]. PMID- 1129401 TI - What is marital therapy? PMID- 1129402 TI - Family therapy of schizophrenia--where to? What next? PMID- 1129403 TI - Marital therapy. How to choose the wrong treatment. PMID- 1129404 TI - Evaluation of the outcome of training groups using an analytic group psychotherapy technique. A pilot study in the training of potential therapists. PMID- 1129405 TI - Emotional relations between the student and the patient in the process of education. PMID- 1129406 TI - [Partial role playing. Method of support formation for personality exploration]. PMID- 1129407 TI - The psychiatric nurse as a more independent therapist. PMID- 1129408 TI - Medical psychotherapy. PMID- 1129409 TI - The application of hypnosis by psychotherapy. PMID- 1129410 TI - The use of self-restraint in the practice and teaching of psychotherapy. PMID- 1129411 TI - Reflex and reflection: defining psychotherapy in supervision. PMID- 1129412 TI - Evaluating the results of short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy. PMID- 1129413 TI - Psychotherapeutic problems, research and plans at the Psychiatric Department, University of Oslo. PMID- 1129414 TI - Teaching the techniques of short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy. PMID- 1129415 TI - Outcome criteria in psychotherapy research. PMID- 1129416 TI - Evaluation criteria and psychotherapy research. PMID- 1129417 TI - Psychotherapy and the life history. PMID- 1129418 TI - The use of a brief measure of therapists' initial impressions of patients to predict treatment response. PMID- 1129419 TI - Some considerations on the position of psychotherapy in today's greek culture. PMID- 1129421 TI - 'Real' and 'abstracted' network relationships in social psychiatry. PMID- 1129420 TI - Psychotherapy for the Nigerian patient. Some aspects of the problems involved. PMID- 1129422 TI - Psychodynamic understanding in community psychiatry. PMID- 1129423 TI - Family psychotherapy--a frame of reference for choosing methods for treatment in a psychiatric hospital. PMID- 1129424 TI - The role of the psychotherapist in a changing society. PMID- 1129425 TI - On emergency psychotherapy. PMID- 1129426 TI - Brief psychotherapy of the dependent personality. Specific techniques. PMID- 1129427 TI - The psychotherapy of jealousy. PMID- 1129428 TI - The hospitalization of neurotics--a 'half' psychotherapy? PMID- 1129429 TI - An aspect of the psychotherapy of borderline personalities. PMID- 1129430 TI - Borderline personality organisation. PMID- 1129431 TI - Psychological mechanisms of flooding (implosion) therapy. PMID- 1129432 TI - The therapy of depression. A behavioural approach. PMID- 1129433 TI - Psychotherapy with comatose patients. PMID- 1129434 TI - Group therapy for agoraphobics: real-life retraining by floodings in vivo. PMID- 1129435 TI - Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders by thought-stopping technique. PMID- 1129436 TI - Autogenic feedback training. PMID- 1129437 TI - The biologic wisdom of self-regulatory mechanism of normalization in autogenic and oriental approaches in psychotherapy. PMID- 1129438 TI - Some relations between cell survival models having different inactivation mechanisms. PMID- 1129439 TI - Repairable and nonrepairable inactivation of irradiated aqueous papain: effects of OH, O2-minus, eaq-minus, and H2O2-1. PMID- 1129440 TI - Effect of x-irradiation of the biochemical maturation of rat cerebellum: metabolism of [14C]glucose and [14-C]acetate. PMID- 1129441 TI - Effect of x-irradiation on the biochemical maturation of rat cerebellum: postnatal cell formation. PMID- 1129442 TI - The effect of 24-hour fractionation interval on the induction of rat skin tumors by electron radiation. PMID- 1129443 TI - The relative radiosensitivity of rat lenses as a function of age. PMID- 1129444 TI - The chemical form of plutonium in urine. PMID- 1129445 TI - Measurement of spinal curvatures. PMID- 1129446 TI - Orthopedic procedures in neuromuscular disease. PMID- 1129447 TI - Needle biopsy of bone. PMID- 1129448 TI - Minature atlas of total hip prostheses. PMID- 1129449 TI - Radiologic aspects of femoral head replacements and cup mold arthroplastics. PMID- 1129450 TI - Radiology of recently developed total knee prostheses. PMID- 1129451 TI - Osteotomies. Nomenclature and uses. PMID- 1129452 TI - Classification of spinal curvatures. PMID- 1129453 TI - A study of the ultimate goals of radiologic technology students in Maryland relative to upward mobility. PMID- 1129454 TI - Modern radiographic procedures in the demonstration of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 1129455 TI - Some factors affecting image clarity and detail perception in the radiograph. PMID- 1129456 TI - Rural radiological health care, Nebraska style. PMID- 1129457 TI - Specimen radiography. PMID- 1129458 TI - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): Forestier's disease with extraspinal manifestations. AB - The extraspinal manifestations of Forestier's disease are described in 21 consecutive cases; diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is suggested as a more appropriate description of this ossifying diathesis. Characteristic roentgen abnormalities of the spine were present in all individuals and associated with significant axial clinical complaints. In extraspinal locations, hyperostosis at ligament attachments usually occurs in the pelvis, calcaneus, tarsal bones, ulnar olecranon and patella, and is occasionally associated with clinical signs and symptoms requiring surgery. The radiographic appearance in the peripheral skeleton is frequently distinctive and allows the radiologist to suggest the correct diagnosis, even in the absence of axial radiographs. PMID- 1129459 TI - The square left ventricle: an angiographic and radionuclide sign of left ventricular thrombus. AB - The association of mural thrombus with left ventricular aneurysm is well documented, though angiographic documentation of left ventricular thrombus can be difficult. The authors describe the unique appearance of the left ventricular cavity in 5 patients. In all cases, ventriculograms obtained in the right anterior oblique position showed a squared apex. In 2 patients this phenomenon was also demonstrated by radionuclide angiocardiography. All 5 patients were found to have left ventricular thrombus at operation or autopsy. PMID- 1129460 TI - Pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium following dental extraction. AB - Pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema developed in a patient following simple dental extraction. Other causes of this unusual complication, such as pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, insufflation of fallopian tubes, pulmonary-peritoneal fistula, post-partum knee-chest exercises, laparotomy, paracentesis and peritoneal dialysis should be considered when peritoneal signs are absent so that unnecessary laparotomy can be avoided. PMID- 1129461 TI - Gallstone in the lung. AB - A gallstone was found in the lung in a 70-year-old woman. The authors suggest that it perforated the gallbladder, subsequently penetrating the diaphragm and eroding into a right-lower-lobe bronchus. PMID- 1129462 TI - Bilateral renal-cell carcinomas. AB - The incidence of 5 cases of bilateral renal-cell carcinomas and one case of possible bilateral angiomyoliposarcomas over a period of 16 years suggests than these entities may be more frequent that previously thought. One patient successfully underwent surgery via the "workbench" technique, in which the tumor was dissected from one kidney which was then reinserted as an autograft. It is suggested that renal angiography should always be performed bilaterally when attempting to diagnose or exclude renal masses. PMID- 1129463 TI - Percutaneous management of renal cysts: results of a four-year study. AB - A standardized technique for percutaneous therapeutic management of renal cysts is described. After partial aspiration of the cyst fluid, the fluid is replaced with Pantopaque, Renografin 60 and air. Fifty-six renal cysts so treated were followed at intervals of up to four years and 68% showed a 50% or more decrease in cyst volume. Only 13% of a control group of 15 renal cysts which were percutaneously punctured but did not have Pantopaque instilled showed a 50% or more decrease in cyst volume. The results suggest that instillation of Pantopaque into a renal cyst can alter the natural history of the cyst by causing it to decrease in size. PMID- 1129464 TI - Venous angiography of hemodialysis fistulas. Experience with 52 studies. AB - The authors describe a simple outpatient venous angiographic method of delineating arteriovenous fistulas constructed for chronic hemodialysis, and variations of the basic technique are offered to solve the problems of overlapping vessels and obscured anastomoses. A normal fistula produces enlargement of the involved artery only, but there may be enlargement of multiple veins in the extremity in which the fistula is constructed. Stenoses, occlusions, surgical variations, aneurysms, functional abnormalities in the direction and quantity of flow, and inadequate positioning of the dialysis needles are discussed. PMID- 1129465 TI - The columnar epithelial-lined lower esophagus and its association with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. AB - Four cases of columnar epithelial-lined lower esophagus are presented. The condition can be complicated by esophagitis, ulceration, perforation, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. When the squamocolumnar junction is involved by peptic esophagitis, the area of mucosal transition appears as a tapered, strictured segment or a ring-line constriction some distance proximal to the muscular esophagogastric junction. Hiatal incompetence with massive gastroesophageal reflux was evident in 1 case. A deep penetrating ulcer may occur anywhere along the columnar epithelium, identical to peptic gastric ulceration. The columnar-lined lower esophagus should probably be considered a premalignant condition. Two of these patients had associated esophageal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 1129466 TI - The diagnostic accuracy of barium studies of the stomach and duodenum- correlation with endoscopy. AB - Radiologic and endoscopic diagnoses were compared in 240 patients. In 175 patients examined by a standard barium contrast technique there were 39 radiological errors (22%). The most common causes of error were failure to detect an abnormality on the radiograph and prominent mucosal folds which could either mask or simulate small lesions. In 65 patients examined by a formal double contrast technique using effervescent pills and a thick barium suspension, there were 4 radiological errors (6%). In addition, superficial gastric erosions were demonstrated in 7 patients. Double contrast radiography appears to offer the potential for significant improvements in diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 1129467 TI - Fluoroscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract by the radiological technologist. AB - A pilot program was established to train an experienced radiological technologist to perform fluorescopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Patients were prescreened and films reviewed by a staff radiologist. The quality of the films obtained by the technologist equaled that of the department's resident radiologists. PMID- 1129468 TI - Pedunculated malignant colonic polyps with superficial invasion of the stalks. AB - Malignant colonic polyps on substantial stalks were seen in 3 patients. In each case the base of the pedicle was free of tumor. The author suggests that these were initially benign adenomatous polyps but subsequently became malignant. These findings suggest that initially benign colonic polyps can become malignant over a period of time and that the presence of a substantial stalk may not always be pathognomonic of benignity. PMID- 1129469 TI - Gastric bullae. An early roentgen finding in corrosive gastritis following alkali ingestion. AB - In most cases of alkali ingestion, the stomach is protected from injury by its contents and gastric acidity, so that the esophagus is usually the main site of injury. The authors describe a case of severe corrosive gastritis following ingestion of a large amount of alkali. Huge gastric bullae, an unusual manifestation, were an early roentgen finding. As healing occurred, the stomach was reduced to a shrunken, aperistaltic pouch. PMID- 1129470 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the trunk and limb by transcatheter arterial embolization. AB - Two patients with large arteriovenous malformations (AVM) were successfully treated by transcatheter selective arterial embolization with Gelfoam. An extensive lumbar retroperitoneal acquired AVM was markedly reduced, eliminating any clinical evidence of a persistent left-to-right shunt. A large localized congenital AVM of the thigh in the second patient completely disappeared. Transient post-procedure fever developed in the first patient. Prolonged fever and pulmonary infarction complicated the second case with complete recovery in three weeks. The advantages of Gelfoam as an embolizing agent are discussed. The technique appears to be a reasonable alternative to extensive and sometimes mutilative surgery. PMID- 1129471 TI - Popliteal cysts: presentation as thrombophlebitis. AB - Synovial-lined cysts in the popliteal space associated with rheumatoid arthritis or meniscal tears may compress the popliteal vein and produce signs and symptoms suggestive of thrombophlebitis. Because of a presumptive diagnosis of thrombophlebitis, venography may be performed initially and demonstrate compression of the popliteal vein by an extrinsic mass. The correct diagnosis of a popliteal cyst can easily be made with B-mode ultrasonography, and, if desired, confirmed by arthrography. Four cases are presented which emphasize these features. PMID- 1129472 TI - Validity of the sesamoid index in the diagnosis of acromegaly. AB - Sesamoid indices of 100 control and 10 acromegalic subjects were determined and the results compared with previous studies. It was found that a substantial overlap of values exists between the two groups and that the range of values for both groups is substantially wider than previous studies have indicated. PMID- 1129473 TI - Lymphatic visualization during hip arthrography. AB - Lymphatic visualization at arthrography has been reported previously in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The authors describe this phenomenon in 4 patients undergoing arthrography of the hip following prosthetic surgery, only one of whom had a history of rheumatoid arthritis. It is suggested that lymphatic visualization is not a reliable indicator of any specific type of arthritis, but rather an ancillary sign of inflammation, and that it may occur whenever lymphatic hyperplasia or increased synovial membrane permeability is present. PMID- 1129474 TI - Radiographic manifestations of Japanese acupuncture. AB - The radiographic manifestations of Hari, a peculiar type of acupuncture currently practiced in Japan, are described. This acupuncture method consists of inserting multiple fine gold needles through the skin into the subcutaneous tissue. The needle is cut off at the skin surface and left in the subcutaneous tissue for the life of the patient. These multiple needles present curious, frequently unsuspected findings on radiographs obtained for reasons unrelated to acupuncture. PMID- 1129475 TI - Some new angiographic observations in patients with Chiari type I and II malformations. AB - Angiographic abnormalities of the lower hindbrain seen in 13 cases of Chiari Type I and Type II malformations are described. Previously reported findings are assessed, particularly deformities of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils without other angiographic localizing signs of an expanding intracranial mass suggest a Chiari malformation. In such cases it is helpful to demonstrate a low cephalic loop of the PICA, reflecting caudal displacement of the fourth ventricle. Associated angiographic demonstration of significant intraspinal localization of the brainstem is pathognomonic of Chiari malformation. PMID- 1129476 TI - Compression of superior sagittal sinus by neonatal calvarial molding. AB - Compression of the superior sagittal sinus may result from overlapping of the parietal and occipital bones in the newborn infant. Such compression has been documented angiographically and the resultant decreased blood flow confirmed with a Doppler ultrasound probe. This compression may increase intracerebral venous pressures and thereby contribute to the high incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 1129477 TI - Venous channels within the intracranial dural partitions. AB - Complete dura maters exclusive of their midline basilar attachments were obtained by autopsy from persons of all age groups. Vinylite casts of the venous channels in the diaphragma sellae, falx cerebelli, falx cerebri, and tentorium cerebelli were made by injecting a mixture of Vinylite and acetone, after which the specimens were fixed in formalin and subsequently corroded with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Studies showed that the size and position of the channels within the diaphragma sellae were quite constant. Large venous lakes were present in the falx cerebelli and contiguous suboccipital dura mater, and venous pools were also seen connecting the caudal end of the inferior sagittal sinus and the superior sagittal sinus. A great variety of channels were observed in the tentorium cerebelli. PMID- 1129478 TI - Cerebral angiographic changes associated with tuberous sclerosis. AB - Two patients with tuberous sclerosis were examined angiographically. In one, direct left carotid angiography showed a contralateral shift of the anterior cerebral artery and lateral displacement of the middle cerebral artery. On the lateral series, increase in the sweep of the anterior cerebral artery as well as stretching of the opercular branches of the middle cerebral artery were noted in the early arterial phase. In the later arterial phase, there was marked hypervascularity, with the contrast substance temporarily pooling in small, rounded collections. In the mid-arterial phase of the second case, pooling of the the contrast medium within the tumor and many small, berry-like outpunchings were noted. There was no evidence of early venous drainage in either case. PMID- 1129479 TI - Traumatic vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm following chiropractic manipulation. AB - A vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm accompanied by serious neurological injury was seen in a 42-year-old woman who had undergone chiropractic manipulation of the neck. Such manipulation is a potential cause of neurological injury due to trauma to the cervical spine and the major vessels of the neck. The arterial pattern in this case was similar to that of angiodysplasia except for narrowing and irregularity of the vertebral artery. PMID- 1129480 TI - 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy in patients predisposed to thyroid neoplasms by prior radiotherapy to the head and neck. AB - Histories, physical examinations and 99mTc-pertechnetate imaging were used to evaluate 1,452 persons who had had x-ray therapy to the neck region for benign conditions 18 to 35 years previously. Thyroid abnormalities were found in 301 patients (21%) and thyroid malignancy was found in 29% of 193 patients with abnormal studies who were explored surgically. Thyroid imaging detected 96% of these abnormalities, 40% of which would not have been unequivocally established by physical examination alone. Nuclear imaging could not distinguish benign from malignant lesions. PMID- 1129481 TI - Detection of craniosynostosis by bone scanning. AB - Growth patterns of the cranial sutures were studied by bone scanning in 29 children, 13 of whom had craniosynostosis. Primary craniosynostosis was initiated by localized bony fusion across a suture, associated with an abnormal accumulation of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. As the abnormal fusion process extended along the suture, there was a corresponding spread of radionuclide. With complete fusion, uptake diminished. In addition to calvarial scanning, three abnormal sutures were scanned following surgical excision, which allowed direct comparison in vivo and in vitro. Calvarial bone scanning is helpful in the early detection of primary craniosynostosis. PMID- 1129482 TI - Decompression hyperostosis: cranial hyperostosis mimicking bilateral subdural hematoma on brain scintigraphy. AB - Scintraphic findings suggestive of bilateral subdural hematoma developed after successful decompression of communicating hydrocephalus. These findings were secondary to cranial hyperostosis. The similarity of brain scintigraphic findings in the two disorders is pointed out, and the necessity of correlating brain scintigraphs is stressed. PMID- 1129483 TI - Scintigraphic findings in primary amyloidosis. An analysis of 7 cases. AB - Images of 7 patients with primary amyloidosis revealed organomegaly with regions of decreased tracer accumulation due to infiltration and replacement of normal tissue by the amyloid complex. These scintigraphic changes in the clinical setting of multisystem disease should suggest amyloidosis as a possible diagnosis. PMID- 1129484 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of hypernephroma extending into the inferior vena cava. AB - Extension of hypernephroma into the inferior vena cava was demonstrated by ultrasound. When a solid renal lesion is encountered, it is suggested that the inferior vena cava be scanned. The possible significance of gray scale scanning as a more precise diagnostic tool and its use in tumor staging are discussed. PMID- 1129485 TI - Analysis of sites and causes of failures of irradiation in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix. AB - An analysis of the records of 916 patients who received radiotherapy for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix from January 1964 through December 1969 revealed that 94% of the central and regional failures will occur within 3 years of treatment. Survival rates were as follows: Stage I, 91%; Stage IIA, 82%; Stage IIB, 65%; Stage IIIA, 54%; and Stage IIIB, 40%. The incidences of central and regional failures in Stages I through III are: Stages I and IIA; central 2% and regional 4.5%; Stage IIB; central 5% and regional 13%; Stage III: central 14% and regional 19%. In stages IIB, IIIA, and IIIB, the main cause of failures, either centrally or in the parametria, is the presence of massive disease. PMID- 1129486 TI - Radiation therapy of brain tumors in children. AB - The case histories of 124 children irradiated for brain tumors were reviewed to determine survival rate and functional prognosis, with special reference to somatic growth. Five-year survival rates (29% of 97 patients with gliomas and 70% of 27 patients with non-gliomatous tumors) were approximately the same as in our adult series, despite the differences in histology and predilection. Although 70% of 42 long-term survivors had active, useful lives, stunted growth was observed in 15 of them. More attention should be directed to the growth of children irradiated for brain tumors. PMID- 1129487 TI - Early and late radiation changes following a second course of irradiation. AB - The effect of two 10-fraction courses of irradiation separated by intervals varying from 1 to 10 months on both the early skin reaction and late deformity of the leg was studied in mice. It was found that the "memory" of the first course was much greater for the late end point (deformity) than for early skin reactions at all intervals between the two courses. The extent of the late deformity reaction following a second course was predicted fairly well from the Ellis formula for decay of partial tolerance, but it also appeared to be more complex than is evident from the formula. Evaluation of early vs. late reactions showed that the extent of the deformity is not governed entirely by the level of the early skin reaction; rather, it depends critically on the previous radiation history of the tissue. PMID- 1129488 TI - Detail enhancement in prints of radiographs. Use of a linear radial transmission filter. AB - A simple, inexpensive technique using a linear radial transmission filter for selectively enhancing fine detail when making prints from radiographs is described. Fine detail is often better on the enhanced print than on the original radiograph. PMID- 1129489 TI - Reducing the operating temperatures of thin viewboxes. AB - Several manufacturers' thin viewboxes operate at excessively high temperatures. The measured equilibrium ballast temperature was 95 degrees C in a 25 degrees C room. Canadian standards limit ballast surface temperatures to 90 degrees C. The ballast cover plate reaches 47 degrees C. Temperatures were reduced to 67 degrees and 37 degrees C by substituting a more efficient ballast and painting the outer surface of the polished metab cover plate. PMID- 1129490 TI - Talocalcaneonavicular joint arthrography for sustentacular-talar tarsal coalitions. AB - Sustentacular-talar tarsal coalitions can be difficult to detect radiographically. The sustentacular-talar articulation is a part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint. Thus, arthrography of this joint, combined with tangential views of the sustentaculotalar articulation (Harris views), provides a new and simple method to detect or exclude talocalcaneal tarsal coalitions. PMID- 1129491 TI - New grid design for a fluoroscopic spot film device. AB - A new grid design for a fluoroscopic spot film device is presented. Fluoroscopy is achieved with a conventional low ratio grid, while spot filming is done with a high ratio criss-cross grid. The result is a low patient radiation dose during fluoroscopy, while the high ratio grid during spot filming provides a significant increase in subject contrast. PMID- 1129492 TI - Bifurcation level of the aorta: landmark for pelvic irradiation. AB - The position of the aortic bifurcation in women in relation to the lumbar vertebral bodies was determined in 100 pelvic arteriograms to provide some help in teleradiation therapy planning for pelvic malignancies. It was found that in order to cover the area of the aortic bifurcation, the radiation field should extend to the top of the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra. PMID- 1129493 TI - A new technique for urethrography. AB - The male urethra can be demonstrated following intravenous urography by having the patient void against the partial obstruction produced by a penile clamp. The clamp is useful for both the normal or stenosed male urethra. PMID- 1129494 TI - A simple afterloading applicator for intracavitary irradiation of carcinoma of the nasopharynx. AB - A simple, disposable afterloading applicator for intracavitary irradiation of carcinoma of the nasopharynx has been found useful as a supplementary radiation boost to the primary site. Hopefully, local tumor control can be enhanced by employing this technique. PMID- 1129495 TI - A new calculator for radiotherapy treatment planning. AB - Comparison of speed and costs of the programmable desk calculator and the minocomputer reveals that although the desk calculator is slower, most operations are simple dose and treatment time calculations in which the turn-around time is essentially immediate. Assuming a five-year equipment capitalization of the initial $24,000 cost and $1,700 per annum maintenance charge with a workload of 800 plans per year, the cost per plan is about $8.00. This does not include programmer salaries. PMID- 1129496 TI - Current status of antidysrhythmic drugs. PMID- 1129497 TI - Uses of narcotic antagonists. PMID- 1129498 TI - Venous interruption for pulmonary embolism: present status. PMID- 1129499 TI - Observations in anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy in pulmonary embolism. PMID- 1129500 TI - Addendum to salzman paper: Efficacy of low dose heparin prophylaxis. PMID- 1129501 TI - Pulmonary embolectomy: review and current status. PMID- 1129502 TI - The inferior vena cava umbrella filter. PMID- 1129503 TI - Stereochemical aspects of parasympathomimetics and their antagonists: recent developments. PMID- 1129504 TI - Quantum chemistry in drug research. PMID- 1129505 TI - Morphology of protoplast as affected by an inhibition of respiration. PMID- 1129506 TI - Cell fusion in the aecium of Puccinia sorghi. PMID- 1129507 TI - Meiosis in basidiomycetous fungi I. Fine structure of spindle pole body organization. PMID- 1129508 TI - Meiosis in basidiomycetous Fungi. II. Fine structure of the synaptonemal complex. PMID- 1129509 TI - An ultrastructural and cytochemical characterization of microbodies in the green algae. PMID- 1129510 TI - Chromatin structure, histone variation, and RNA synthetic activity in Aloineae cultured cells. PMID- 1129511 TI - [The behaviour of haemodynamic indicators of pulmonary circulation and spirometric parametera under the influence of Sadamin in patients with chronic pulmonary heart syndrome]. PMID- 1129512 TI - [Effect of dust pollution and thermal microclimate on the incidence of chronic nonspecific diseases of the respiratory system in the "Dolina Nidy' gypsum industry workers in Gacki. Part V. Spirography Results (author's transl)]. PMID- 1129513 TI - [Effect of dust pollution and thermal microclimate on the incidence of chronic nonspecific diseases of the respiratory system in the "Dolina Nidy' gypsum industry workers in Gacki. Part VI. Control group examination results (author's transl)]. PMID- 1129514 TI - [Experimental grafting of upper epiphysis of femur in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 1129515 TI - [Salmonella agona-a new epidemiological and clinical problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 1129516 TI - [Studies in vitro and in vivo upon effects of cholecystokinin on pancreatic enzymes secretion in propranolol environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 1129517 TI - [Physiopathology and diagnosis of gestoses]. PMID- 1129519 TI - [Clinical classification of renal diseases]. PMID- 1129518 TI - [Physiopathology and laboratory diagnosis of diseases of the kidney tubules in children]. PMID- 1129520 TI - [A case of plasmocytic reticuloma treated periodically with big doses of alkeran and encorton (author's transl)]. PMID- 1129521 TI - [Disconnection syndrome. Current concept]. PMID- 1129522 TI - [Edemic goiter in the Salamanca region. II. Study on etiological factors]. PMID- 1129523 TI - [Changes of hemostasis in liver diseases. II. Hemorrhagic diathesis and its relation to biological tests]. PMID- 1129524 TI - [Adrenogenital syndrome in 2 sisters caused by 21--hydroxylase deficiency]. PMID- 1129525 TI - [Hydrocarbon tolerance and insulin secretion in primary myxedema of the adult]. PMID- 1129526 TI - [Clinicomophological correlations of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, apropos of a case]. PMID- 1129527 TI - [Amyloidosis: its diagnosis in a general hospital environment]. PMID- 1129528 TI - [Mesotelesystolic clic-murmur syndrome. Phonomechanocardiographic study of 8cases]. PMID- 1129529 TI - [Lung neurinoma]. PMID- 1129530 TI - [3 cases of painful ophthalmoplegia]. PMID- 1129531 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of the most common forms of systemic arterial hypertension]. PMID- 1129533 TI - A radiographic study of rostral tooth development in young Friesian cattle. AB - Twenty-nine British Friesian cattle fed the same diet, slaughtered at various weights and including bulls, steers (castrated males) and females (heifers) were examined. The stage of their rostral tooth development was recorded both visually and radiographically. Insufficient animals were present in each sex and slaughter weight treatment group to allow any comparison between them. When the data for each sex were compared, no statistically significant differences were seen between the mean ages at which bulls, steers and heifers attained each stage of dental development as determined from their radiographs. The results for all 29 cattle were then combined. This combined data showed a relationship between age and those stages of tooth formation which could be differentiated by examination of the X-ray films. As most phases of tooth formation occurred within well defined limits, it is suggested that radiographs of rostral tooth development might be used to estimate the age of cattle. PMID- 1129532 TI - The characterisation of Campylobacter sputorum subspecies mucosalis isolated from pigs. AB - A comparison is made between the recognised subspecies of Campylobacter sputorum isolated from humans and cattle and the previously unrecognised catalase negative vibrios isolated from porcine intestinal adenomatosis. The characters of the porcine strains warrant their inclusion within the species Campylobacter sputorum. Differentiation between all three is possible in the laboratory and we propose that, in addition to the recognised subspecies, sputorum and bubulus, the pig strains be accorded subspecies rank and called mucosalis. Other porcine strains characterised as C coli formed a heterogeneous group but could be differentiated from porcine C sputorum strains by their pigment and catalase production, sodium chloride tolerance, antigenic and a number of other characters. PMID- 1129534 TI - The rate of mitotic division in regenerating epithelium in the dog. AB - An account is given of the changes which took place in the rate of mitotic division of the epithelial cells, over and around healing unprotected circular full-thickness excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog. The rate of division increased during the first 24 h and the maximum rate in the epidermis around the wound was reached after two to six days when 4-7 to 6-0 per cent of the cells were dividing. Mitotic figures were seen in the migrating epithelium on the second day. As the mitotic rate in the epidermis around the wound became less the rate in the newly-formed epidermis over the wound increased. PMID- 1129535 TI - An interaction between diet and blood group upon serum alkaline phosphatase activity in lambs. AB - Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in groups of lambs fed diets containing different amounts of wheat grain and lucerne hay with different levels of supplementation with formaldehyde treated casein-sunflower seed. Total serum alkaline phosphatase activity increased more in groups fed 100 per cent wheat or 67 per cent wheat 33 per cent lucerne than in those fed 33 per cent wheat 67 per cent lucerne or 100 per cent lucerne. Supplementation of the diets with the casein-sunflower seed preparation resulted in an increase in the heat resistant proportion of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. This effect was more apparent in lambs of the r blood group (R-r-i blood group system) than in R lambs. These finds are discussed in relation to the relative heat resistance of tissue isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 1129536 TI - Treatment of crenosomiasis in dogs. AB - Dogs were infected with the lungworm Crenosoma vulpis. The efficacy of four drugs in the treatment of the disease was examined using a controlled test. Levamisole and diethylcarbamazine proved to be highly effective. PMID- 1129537 TI - Physiological variations in levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in horse erythrocytes. AB - The levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), which affects the transport of oxygen by haemoglobin, were examined in horse blood. Resting levels of erythrocyte 2,3-DPG were established in thoroughbred horses, and levels of 2,3 DPG together with haemoglobin levels, were examined in a variety of conditions. A negative correlation was observed between erythrocyte 2,3-DPG and haemoglobin levels. Mares had higher erythrocyte 2,3-DPG levels was observed during training, and this variation may have a significant effect on haemoglobin oxygen transport. Erythrocyte 2,3-DPG levels were not affected by age or exercise. PMID- 1129538 TI - Studies on tibial dyschondroplasia in ducks. AB - A high incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia was present naturally in a variety of strains of ducks. The incidence was higher in heavy strains than in light strains and both incidence and severity were markedly reduced by early restriction of growth rate. The incidence and severity differed somewhat in groups of ducks of the same strain and growing at the same rate on two different commercial rations. The abnormality was not dramatically reduced by feeding a ration containing a high bicarbonate mineral mix. The histological development of the lesion is described and possible aetiologies discussed. Despite the high incidence, tibial dyschondroplasia seldom caused significant economic loss. PMID- 1129539 TI - The effect of Imidocarb treatment on Babesia in the bovine and the tick (Boophilus microplus). AB - Treatment of calves with 5 mg/kg Imidocarb (3,3-1-bis-(2 - imidazolin - 2 - yl)carbanilide dipropionate) given intramuscularly 14 days before and 14 days after exposure to Babesia infected Boophilus microplus larvae rendered the next generation of larvae incapable of transmitting Babesia infection. When administered to calves 14 or 28 days before tick exposure, the drug prevented the development of clinical babesiosis; the larval progeny of ticks reared on the calf which was treated 28 days before infestation were infective. Treatment of a calf 42 days before exposure to infective larvae did not prevent the development of a Babesia parasitaemia but appeared to reduce the severity of infection. PMID- 1129540 TI - Corynebacterium bovis as a pathogen in rabbits. AB - A Corynebacterium identified as Corynebacterium bovis has been isolated from a chronic testicular abscess and the lung of a laboratory rabbit. The strain, on intravenous injection, reproduced a similar disease in the inguinal and vulval region of an experimental rabbit. Sera from both animals showed increasing titres of agglutinating antibody for the isolated Corynebacterium and for kaolin particles sensitised with the phosphatide antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is suggested that the pathogenicity of C bovis for dairy animals be re evaluated in view of the uncertainty in the literature. PMID- 1129541 TI - Effect of changes in ambient temperature on maternal plasma and allantoic fluid from chronically catheterised ewes during the last two months of pregnancy. AB - At ambient temperatures of 17-22 degrees C hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose levels smaller than 45 mg/100 ml) in pregnant sheep was associated with rising potassium concentrations in allantoic fluid, while at temperatures below 12 degrees C glucose levels were higher and coincided with falling potassium values. It is suggested that the fetus is sensitive to changes in maternal glucose balance induced by variations in anbient temperature, and this indicates the need to consider the environmental temperature in metabolic studies of fetal sheep. PMID- 1129542 TI - Chronic catheterisation of the aorta and umbilical vessels of fetal sheep. AB - Methods for cathetersing the fetal aorta and tributaries of the umbilical vessels are described by which daily samples of fetal blood were obtained for up to 53 days and up to 42 days, respectively. This represents a considerable advance on previously reported techniques. PMID- 1129543 TI - The use of mouse protection tests in the diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep. AB - Mouse protection tests gave promising results in the diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep especially those presenting no external lesions. The test was specific since sera of infected sheep were capable of neutralising Corynebacterium ovis toxin while sera of healthy sheep failed to do so. Better results were obtained with 1-0 ml than 0-5 or 0-25 ml serum of infected sheep to neutralise 2 MLD of the toxin through mice. PMID- 1129544 TI - Some implications of ternary diffusion in the lung. AB - Diffusion in the lung normally involves three gases and the governing laws are Stefan-Maxwell equations rather than the more familiar Fick's law. A simple gas film model is studied mathematically to (1) demonstrate that the rate of diffusion of a component gas may be zero even though its concentration gradient is not zero (known as "diffusion barrier"), that the rate of diffusion of a component gas may not be zero even though its concentration gradient is zero ("osmotic diffusion"), and that a component gas may diffuse against the gradient of its concentration ("reverse diffusion"); (2) compare the discrepancy between results obtained by binary and ternary laws separately; (3) determine the importance of ternary diffusion at high pressure. The findings from the model study suggest that the effects of ternary diffusion may not be pronounced when air is breathed under normal conditions, but the behavior of helium mixtures deviate significantly from that described by binary diffusion laws. PMID- 1129545 TI - Respiratory frequency control during external elastic loading and chest compression. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine if extravagal (i.e. chest wall) respiratory mechanoreceptors are involved in the control of respiratory frequency during steady-state external elastic loading (EEL) and chest compression (CC) in the anesthetized (Dial), vagotomized cat and dog. Frequency versus PaCo2 curves obtained by breathing CO2 mixtures were compared with curves obtained during elastic loading and chest compression. There was no significant difference between the CO2 and EEL curves in cats or dogs indicating there is no extravagal mechanoreceptor information contributing to the control of respiratory frequency during EEL. Comparison of curves obtained with chest compression and CO2 breathing show that dogs respond to chest compression with an extravagal (i.e. involving chest wall mechanoreceptors) neural reflex increase in frequency. PMID- 1129546 TI - Role of the red cell membrane in oxygen uptake. AB - The rate at which red blood cells take up O2 or CO as measured in a rapid reaction apparatus is considerably less than predicted from solution of the equations for diffusion and chemical reaction in a layer of hemoglobin solution about the same thickness as the red cell. Nicolson and Roughton (1951) showed that this discrepancy could be accounted for by postulating that the red cell membrane is an important barrier to gas uptake. Sinha (1969) measured the rate of O2 uptake by single red cells located near a gas-plasma interface. The equations for diffusion and chemical reaction of O2 in a membraneless layer of hemoglobin solution for conditions that correspond to Sinha's experiments are solved. The calculated time course of O2 uptake fits the experimental data sufficiently well to suggest that the resistance of the red cell membrane to O2 diffusion is not an important limiting factor. Also analyzed in this way is the data of Carlson and Comroe (1958). The author finds that calculations predict a faster rate of CO uptake by biconcave disc shaped red cells than was observed experimentally, but that calculations for sphered red cells agree well enough with experimental data that membrane CO permeability may not be primary in limiting CO uptake by spherocytes. PMID- 1129547 TI - Vagal modulation of respiratory control during exercise. AB - Vagal modulation of chemical control of ventilation during rest and exercise was studied in 15 anesthetized mongrel dogs. Arterial chemical stimuli--hypoxic, hypercapnic or a combination of both, increased ventilation by increasing both rate and depth of breathing during rest and exercise in the intact dogs. After bilateral vagotomy chemical drive increased ventilation mostly by depth and little by rate. The ventilatory response to the chemical drive, therefore, reached a plateau when tidal volume approached its maximal value ata relatively unchanged breath frequency. Muscular exercise, however, largely restored frequency response in the vagotomized animals. Since the rate response to chemical stimuli but not to exercise was impaired by vagotomy, we concluded that hyperpnea of exercise could occur through a mechanism not shared by the chemical control of ventilation. The relationship between tidal volume and breath cycle during chemical stimulation was modulated by the volume related vagal reflex. During exercise, another mechanism, presumably bulbo-pontine, is activated to influence the relationship independent of the lung volume. PMID- 1129548 TI - Hyperoxic hyperventilation in carotid-deafferented cats. AB - Ventilation when breathing air and during exposure to hyperoxia (PAO2 equal to 400-450 mm Hg) was studied in unanesthetized cats before and after carotid sinus nerve section (chemo-deafferentation). Chemo-deafferentation resulted in lowered values of measured ventilation, tidal volume, and respiratory frequency, during air breathing PACO2 increased by an average of 7.9 mm Hg. In intact animals, ventilation after 10 minutes of exposure to hyperoxia was similar in magnitude and pattern to that measured during air breathing. Exposure of chemo-deafferented animals to hyperoxia resulted in an increased ventilation, due entirely to augmented tidal volume. Increased ventilation was accompanied by a decrease in PACO2. This response to hyperoxia developed gradually duringa 3-4-minute period, the rise in ventilation and fall in PACO2 invariably stabilizing by 5 minutes. It is concluded that carotid body chemoreceptor activity is essential for the maintenance of normal values of ventilation and PACO2 in unanesthetized cats. In addition, central mechanisms responsible for tidal volume production may, in the absence of carotid body afferent input, be depressed by the PO2 characteristic of normal arterial blood. The significance of these findings to the chemical control of breathing is discussed. PMID- 1129549 TI - Hypoxia-induced tachypnea in carotid-deafferented cats. AB - Ventilation while breathing air and in response to hypoxia was studied in unanesthetized cats after carotid body chemo-defferentation. Hypoxic exposure (FIO2 equal to 0.07-0.12) of chemo-deafferented animals rapidly produced a high frequency, low tidal volume tachypnea. Tachypneic breathing, although usually associated with an increased expired ventilation, was accompanied by an increase in PACO2. In contrast to intact cats, behavioral arousal during hypoxic exposure was not observed after chemo-deafferentation. The response to milder hypoxia (FIO2 equal to 0.14-0.16) occurred with an increased latency, and there resulted a less marked depression of tidal volume and stimulation of respiratory frequency. Elevation of PACO2 to 5 mm Hg above the resting value, by addition of CO2 to the inspired gas, prevented the appearance of tachypnea upon subsequent reduction of FIO2 from 0.21 to 0.07. Depletion of central catecholamine stores, by administration of reserpine, did not prevent the tachypneic response to hypoxia. Following administration of anesthesia (pentobarbital, 30 mg/kg, IP), hypoxic exposure (FIO2 equal to 0.10) led to depression of both respiratory frequency and tidal volume, resulting in apnea within 1.5 minutes. It is concluded that hypoxia (FLO2 equal to 0.07-0.16) acts, in a concentration related manner, as a powerful stimulant to central respiratory frequency generation and as a depressant of the tidal volume in the unanesthetized cat. PMID- 1129550 TI - Carbon monoxide elimination. AB - The elimination rates of carbon monoxide in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs were determined following acute inhalation of varying amounts of this gas. Blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) induced ranged between 5 and 43%. Following the administration of carbon monoxide, the decline in arterial blood %COHb was biphasic. The decline in the blood %COHb level could be described as an initial distribution curve which was exponential in nature, followed by an elimination curve which was linear for 90 min. Prediction equations for elimination of CO from blood according to the initial levels of COHb are presented. Animals having low (5-16%) and high (20-43%) COHb levels eliminated 50% of their total load in 190 plus or minus 6.4 and 134 plus or minus 5.3 min, respectively. PMID- 1129551 TI - Respiratory effects of pneumotaxic center lesions and subsequent vagotomy in chronic cats. AB - Ventilation was monitored in awake and anesthetized cats breathing air or CO2 mixtures, both before and after lesions in the pneumotaxic center region and after subsequent bilateral vagotomy. Cats with pontile lesions had, relative to intact state, a prolonged inspiratory duration and an increase in tidal volume and expiration duration. The changes seen on the spirogram differed quantitatively according to the region of the pneumotaxic system which was destroyed. After subsequent bilateral vagotomy, respiratory phases and tidal volume were greatly increased. These results indicate that the pneumotaxic center would control the sensitivity of Breuer-Hering reflex and that the inspiratory activity is released by the successive suppression of the two inspiratory inhibitory mechanisms, i.e., the pneumotaxic center and the vagal pulmonary afferents. PMID- 1129552 TI - Stress-strain relationships during uniform and non uniform expansion of isolated lungs. AB - Stress-strain relationships in various directions were determined on isolated rabbit and cat lungs both during unrestrained and restrained expansion, the latter approximating the condition of cylindrical deformation. Under this condition the distortion due to the weight supported at the lung surface was also studied. Experimental data did not fit the equilibrium equations for a continuum solid, except for relatively small distortions of lung parenchyma. On the contrary, over the full range of lung distortions they fitted a model made up by a three-dimensional network of interconnected springs. While distortions produced even at relatively low lung volumes caused substantial changes of surface pressure distribution, the distorting effects of the weight were negligible under this respect. These results support the conclusion that pleural surface pressure distribution in rabbits, cats and dogs is mainly due to the lung distortion caused by the mismatching between lung and chest wall inherent shapes, while that caused by the lung weight plays only a minor role. PMID- 1129553 TI - Splenic trauma. Three pronged diagnosis. PMID- 1129554 TI - Plethysmographic monitoring. PMID- 1129555 TI - Editorials: Malpractice insurance--the options. PMID- 1129556 TI - Cranial expansion cyst and headache. PMID- 1129557 TI - Cardiac care in a community hospital. PMID- 1129558 TI - Essential hypertension in children? PMID- 1129559 TI - Urinary prosthetic sphincter. PMID- 1129561 TI - [Physiological review and classification of amenorrheas]. PMID- 1129560 TI - Postoperative hypoxemia at altitude. PMID- 1129562 TI - [The physician and amenorrhea. Diagnostic and therapeutic trends]. PMID- 1129563 TI - [Amenorrhea of ovarian origin]. PMID- 1129564 TI - [Amenorrhea of uterine origin]. PMID- 1129565 TI - [Orientation of diagnosis in clear liquid meningitis]. PMID- 1129566 TI - [Viral meningitis]. PMID- 1129567 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 1129568 TI - [Meningitis caused by leptospirosis]. PMID- 1129569 TI - [Parasitic meningitis]. PMID- 1129570 TI - [Cancerous meningitis]. PMID- 1129571 TI - [Syphilitic menigitis]. PMID- 1129572 TI - [Uveo-meningitis]. PMID- 1129573 TI - [What was the condition in 1972 of patients operated by Voss' method between 1959 to 1966?]. AB - The authors describe the condition in 1972 of patients who were operated on by the Voss technique between 1959 and 1966 and who had been studied first in 1967. Four patients out of 10 remained satisfactory for 6 to 10 years after surgery but the progressive deterioration in the results shows that this operation does not withstand the test of time and that it has a very weak pathogenic basis. PMID- 1129574 TI - [Articular complications of Kahler's disease. Results of a survey of 1953 cases of plasmocytic myelomas]. AB - The authors confirm the great rarity of joint complications in patients with Kahler's disease. Among the records of 1953 cases the following complications were the only one found: 2 cases of proved articular amylosis, 2 cases of probable articular amylosis, 3 cases of possible articular amylosis, 20 cases of arthropathy that were impossible to classify, 27 cases of compression of the median nerve in the carpan canal, 6 cases of gouty arthritis, and 3 cases of septic arthritis. The data on symptoms obtained in the course of this enquiry are in conformity with the data in the literature. Articular amylosis often takes on the appearance of a polyarthritic syndrome of progressive installation and extension, involving in particular the hands and the wrists, but sometimes involving in a symmetrical bilateral manner the elbows, the shoulders, and the knees. The affected joints are swollen, stiff, and painful. Local signs of inflammation are, however, often absent. The deformations characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis do not develop. The joints do not show radiological signs for most of the time. In addition, it is not possible to detect the rheumatoid factor in the serum. The arthropathies can also assume an oligo-articular topography. Articular discharges are very frequent: they are usually of a mechanical nature. Whatever the clinical appearance, an exact diagnosis can be established only by means of anatomo-pathological examination of the synovial membrane or of certain para-articular amyloid nodules. Myelomas complicated by amyloid articular deposits are often light chain, with only little increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, discrete hyperproteinaemia, moderate medullary plasmocytosis, and rare or limited radiological lesions. The carpal canal syndrome is either isolated or included within the framework of a polyarthropathy. Compression of the median nerve is due to amyloid infiltration into the synovial sheath of the tendons of the finger flexors, proof of which is not always easy. Gout is rare despite the frequency of hyperuricacidaemia caused by renal insufficiency. Septic arthritis is often caused by renal insufficiency. Septic arthritis is often caused by pneumococci to which those with a myeloma appear particularly suceptible. PMID- 1129575 TI - [Radiographic study of the hand in 50 cases of primary articular chondrocalcinosis. Comparison with a control series of 100 subjects]. AB - The authors analysed radiograms of the hands of 50 patients suffering from primary articular chondrocalcinosis (ACC) and compared them with those of 100 control subjects of similar sex and age. There were 40 women and 10 men, with an average age of 69.6 years (plus or minus 9.82). A chalky incrustation of the semilunar pyramidal interspace was observed in 40 percent of cases. The frequency of this incrustation was next in order of importance to incrustation of the triangular ligament which occurred in 52 percent of cases. The difference from the controls was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Voluminous geodes affecting one or more of the bone of the wrist were present in 20 percent of the patients with ACC and in 5 percent of the controls. The difference was significant (p less than 0.01). Chalky deposits were found in the soft tissues immediately next to a metacarpo-phalangeal articulation in 22 percent of the ACC patients but not in any of the controls. The difference was highly significant (p less than 0.001). These chalky deposits next to metacarpo-phalangeal articulations were always associated with chalky incrustation of the radio-carpal joint. As regards the radiological lesions, considered as being typical images of arthrosis and affecting the trapezo-metacarpal, metacarpo-phalangeal, and interphalangeal articulations, the chondrocalcinosis patients appeared to be more frequently affected than the controls, but the difference was not significant. On the other hand, a type of arthropathy occurs in ACC patients which also resembles an arthrosis radiologically but which was 5 times more frequent in them than in the controls and which in this series occurred without nearby trapezo-metacarpal arthropathy only in ACC patients (16 percent as against 0 percent in the controls: p less than 0.001); this was scapho-trapezial arthropathy. The finding of this kind of radiological lesion, particularly when it is not associated with lesions in the trapezo-metacarpal articulations should indicate the possibility of a diagnosis of ACC and should lead to radiological investigation of other sites. PMID- 1129576 TI - [Needle puncture of the intervertebral disk foci in the bacteriological diagnosis of infectious spondylodiscitis. Technic and results]. AB - Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data do not make possible a certain diagnosis of infectious spondylitis: errors are thus possible, even frequent, and are harmful to the patient. In order to ensure a certain diagnosis and to avoid exploratory surgery as far as possible, the authors propose systematic needle puncture of the inververtebral disk--a technique that is simple and inoffensive to carry out in all disks below T4, and that, in a series of 18 cases, gave a success rate of 2 out of 3 (11 positive results). The technique, the results and the factors essential for success are described and analysed. PMID- 1129577 TI - [Cylindrical osteotomy of the upper extremity of the tibia with advancement of the patellar ligament. Biomechanical treatment of gonarthrosis]. AB - The authors recall briefly the applications of Pauwel's theories concerning surgery in cases of gonarthrosis, which must be surgery to relieve restrictions on movement and not surgery to restore shape. They describe briefly the main biomechanical principles which must guide the pre-operative investigations and report their experience with a technique proposed by Blaimont and perfected by Maquet, the advantage of which is the exactness of the surgical correction. The technique is also useful in cases of femoro-patellar arthrosis. Among 120 osteotomies carried out using this method, the authors obtained very good or good results in 85 per cent of cases, and fairly good or poor results in 15 per cent of the patients. This method makes it possible to avoid in the great majority of cases recourse to total prostheses of the knee. PMID- 1129579 TI - [Bone complications in cutaneous mastocytosis. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 1129578 TI - [The place of intertrochanteral valgus osteotomy (Pauwels II) in the surgical treatment of coxarthrosis. Biomechanical principles. Results. Apropos of a homogeneous series of 80 cases]. AB - The authors report their experience of treating certain forms of coxarthrosis by valgus osteotomy (Pauwel's operation II). Their study was carried out on 80 patients in whom the disease was of sufficient duration. The authors recall the main principles of biomechanics that must be strictly applied following careful and detailed study of the radiological films and of the results of the pre operative test: failure to do this will lead to failure in treatment. The cases that are usually improved by the Pauwels II operation are those arthroses with a flattened head or with gout, often dislocated. The authors describe the surgical technique and the postoperative treatment. They obtained very good or good results in 85 percent of cases, and unsatisfactory results in 15 percent of patients, mainly because of errors at beginning of the series. As with varus, osteotomy, these operations must be regarded as surgery to relieve restrictions on movement and not surgery to restore shape. PMID- 1129580 TI - [Osteonecrosis, alcoholism and liver steatosis]. AB - Ethylism represents at the present time one of the most frequent etiological factors of primitive osteonecrosis of the femoral head. In relation to a case of osteonecrosis of the femoral head associated with multiple bone infarcts in a chronic alcoholic, also presenting recurring jaundice, alcohol-sensitive hyperlipidaemia, and moderate anaemia, the authors review the role of fatty embolisms in the formation of primitive osteonecrosis of the femoral head. These fatty embolisms may be the result of alcohol-induced hyperlipidaemia, possibly an associated pancreatic disorders, or in particular of hepatic steatosis. A systematic histological study of 10 recent unselected cases of primitive osteonecrosis of the femoral head confirmed the extreme frequency of such embolisms (8 cases out of 10). PMID- 1129581 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome due to tenosynovitis of the wrist with amyloid deposits in the course of myeloma]. PMID- 1129582 TI - [Pneumococcal infections with special reference to joint infections, in the course of myeloma]. PMID- 1129583 TI - [Pathogenetic observations apropos of an association of Crest's syndrome and Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 1129584 TI - [Thermographic evaluation of anti-inflammatory treatments in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1129585 TI - [Several synovial enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The authors show that although the enzyme variations are nil or unimportant in the mechanical joint fluids, they are of some importance in the inflammation fluids, particularly in cases of rheumatoid arthritis. Of those studied so far, the variations are most notable in the dehydrogenases and the phosphatases, the variations being highly significant and related to one another and to the sedimentation rate. PMID- 1129587 TI - Simple, special purpose, real-time Hadamard-transform computer. PMID- 1129586 TI - Performance evaluation of a minicomputer. PMID- 1129588 TI - Editorial: Clinical chemistry--quo vadis? PMID- 1129589 TI - Studies on a fraction of human gastric mucosa containing intrinsic factor isoproteins typical of mucosa. AB - A mucosal fraction containing isoproteins of the vitamin B12-intrinsic factor complex with high isoelectric points (pH 5.95-6.52) was prepared, using DEAE cellulose chromatography. It possessed biological and immunological intrinsic factor activity, and its molecular weight was about 2,000 daltons smaller than that of the isoprotein assembly of gastric juice. Neuraminidase digestion of the gastric juice complex produced a biologically active product containing the high pI isoproteins typical of mucosa. Thus the high pI fraction is deficient in sialic acid, apparently consisting of 'incomplete' molecules not yet ready to be secreted. PMID- 1129590 TI - Platelet reactivity ex vivo and in vivo after acute and chronic treatment with sodium caprylate. AB - The effect of sodium caprylate on platelet function and other hematological parameters was studied, using rabbits as experimental animals. Intravenous administration of caprylate resulted in a pronounced, although transient, inhibition of platelet reactivity as measured by the laser technique. A single oral dose of caprylate had no effect on platelet adhesiveness. Long-term oral administration of caprylate (2 and 3 weeks) to rabbits resulted in a progressive and significant decrease in platelet adhesiveness in these animals compared to that in a control group receiving saline. However, the platelet reactivity to laser damage was not changed after administration of caprylate for 3 weeks. Other hematological parameters such as hematocrit, plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and ketone body concentrations were not altered by the treatment. PMID- 1129591 TI - Factor V (proaccelerin) concentration in 1016 blood donors. The effects of age, sex, and ABO blood groups. AB - Factor V (proaccelerin) concentration was measured in the plasma of 1016 regular and controlled blood donors. Age had a highly significant effect on factor V concentration. The median rose from 99 per cent at the age of 20 to 123 at the age of 60 years. Minor effects of sex and ABO blood groups were suggested. Interactions between these factors were found negligible. Accuracy and precision of the assay method and the use of percentiles in the laboratory reports are discussed. The results may support the hypothesis of relation between high concentration of coagulation factor V and predisposition to thrombosis. PMID- 1129592 TI - Plasma aldosterone by radioimmunoassay determination in normal man and in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. AB - The plasma aldosterone concentration was measured by a radioimmunoassay in which paper chromatography was used for separation of the steroids. The method had a low blank value (1.3 plus or minus 2.8 pg/ml), and the sensitivity was 6 pg/ml. The variation coefficients for interassay and intraassay determinations were 13.0% and 9.4%, respectively. An accuracy study on fixed amounts of unlabelled aldosterone added to pool-plasma gave a linear correlation (slope equals 0.9973). In a normal material, the mean plasma aldosterone concentration was found to be 120 pg/ml. In 26 patients on maintenance haemodialysis the mean plasma aldosterone concentration was 68 pg/ml, in the group of anephric patients 36 pg/ml, and in the non-nephrectomized group 91 pg/ml. There was a significant difference (P smaller than 0.01) between the two groups as well as between the total group of patients on maintenance haemodialysis and the normal subjects. PMID- 1129593 TI - Increased metabolic turnover rate and transcapillary escape rate of albumin in long-term juvenile diabetics. AB - The metabolic turnover rate and transcapillary escape rate of albumin were studied with 131I-labelled human albumin in nine patients with long-term diabetes mellitus. Retinopathy was present in all patients and nephropathy in four. Plasma albumin concentration and plasma volume were reduced (P smaller than 0.05). The previously reported decrease in the intravascular albumin mass in long-term diabetics was thus confirmed by an average of 59.0 g/m2 surface area, compared with a normal value of 71.7 g/m2-(minus18%) (P smaller than 0.005). The albumin metabolic rate was increased, the fractional disappearance rate being an average 13.2% of the intravascular albumin mass per 24 hr, compared with a normal value of 8.4% (+ 57%) (P smaller 0.001). The rate of synthesis was 7.7 g - 24 h-1 - m-2 in contrast to a normal rate of 6.2 g - 24 h-1 - m-2 (+24%) (P smaller 0.001). Total body albumin mass was decreased proportionally to the intravascular mass. Confirming previous observations, we found an increase in the transcapillary escape rate of albumin (fraction of intravascular albumin mass passing to the extravascular space per unit time) from a normal average of 5.6% - hr-1 to 7.4% - hr-1 (+32%) (P ssmaller than 0.001). This finding can best be explained by an increased microvascular permeability to plasma proteins. A positive correlation between the transcapillary escape rate and fractional disappearance rate of albumin was demonstrated ( r equals 0.74; P smaller than 0.01). This supports the concept that albumin is catabolized in connection with its permeation through the microvascular endothelium. PMID- 1129594 TI - Effects of nicotine and inhalation of cigarette smoke on total body oxygen consumption in dogs. AB - The effects on total body oxygen consumption of nicotine infused intravenously and of simulated cigarette smoking were studied in intact anesthetized dogs. Nicotine infusion and simulated cigarette smoking raised total body oxygen consumption by 9 plus or minus 2% (mean plus or minus S.E.M.; P smaller than 0.02) and 6 plus or minus 2% (P smaller than 0.05), respectively, and arterial concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) by 29 plus or minus 9% (P smaller than 0.05) and 12 plus or minus 3% (P smaller than 0.01). When nicotine infusion and simulated cigarette smoking were repeated during inhibition of lipolysis with beta-pyridylcarbinol, no rise in total body oxygen consumption occurred, although the mean aortic blood pressure and heart rate remained elevated to levels similar to those during intact lipolysis. It is concluded that the rise in total body oxygen consumption induced by intravenously infused nicotine or simulated cigarette smoking was probably mediated through increased mobilization and consumption of FFA. PMID- 1129595 TI - Metabolic activity of skeletal muscle in patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency. Effect of arterial reconstructive surgery. AB - The metabolic capacity of leg muscles was determined in 12 patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency before and 6 months after vascular surgery. Succinic oxidase activity and the incorporation rates of glucose-carbon into glycogen, lipids, lacate, and CO2 were determined as a measure of metabolic capacity. Leg muscles from patients with intermittent claudication had high metabolic capacity, as shown previously. This capacity was reduced towards control values after successful revascularizations, while it remained unchanged if the surgery failed. In patients with gangrene the preoperative values of leg muscles' metabolic capacity were subnormal, and increased towards control values if surgery was successful. In 2 patients with limb gangrene the vascular surgery was only partially successful i.e. the gangrene threat was changed into intermittent claudication. In these 2 patients the metabolic capacity of leg muscles changed from sub- to supracontrol values. In 2 patients the vascular surgery failed, and the patients had no benefit from the operation. In these 2 patients the metabolic capacity of leg muscles remained unchanged. These results support the theory that changes in the amount of blood flow, i.e. the supply of oxygen and substrates to the leg, govern the level of metabolic capacity of the skeletal muscles. The results seem to justify the recommendation that reconstructive arterial surgery in patients with intermittent claudication ought to be followed by physical training to preserve the high metabolic capacity in the skeletal muscles. PMID- 1129596 TI - The effect of circulatory occlusion on isometric exercise capacity and energy metabolism of the quadriceps muscle in man. AB - Occlusion of the circulation to the quadriceps muscle for 20 min resulted in decreases in the muscle ATP and phosphorylcreatine (PC) contents of 1 and 32 per cent, respectively, and increases in ADP and AMP of 7 and 37 per cent. Decrease in PC was statistically significant after 4 min of occlusion, suggesting that the local intramuscular oxygen store was sufficiently depleted at this time as to be limiting to normal mitochondrial function. Pyruvate and lactate concentrations in muscle and the lactate to pyruvate ratio were significantly increased after 15 min of occlusion but not before. The calculated local oxygen store in the muscle was 2.0 mmol O2 - (kg dry muscle)-1. Local oxygen store depletion after 4 and 10 min of occlusion was estimated to be 40-50 and 90-100 per cent complete. Increasing time of pre-exercise occlusion resulted in decreased isometric endurance capacity. The observed decreases in endurance, however, were far greater than could be accounted for by any parallel decrease in the local muscle energy stores. PMID- 1129597 TI - The growing impact of behavioural technology. PMID- 1129599 TI - Promotion to observer status. PMID- 1129598 TI - Static and functional morphology of the pathological platelets in primary myelofibrosis and myeloproliferative syndrome. AB - Native and functioning platelets in patients with primary myelofibrosis and myeloproliferative syndrome were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Among various types of ultrastructural abnormalities in the platelets, three features were emphasized: hypoplasia of the surface connecting system (SCS) with few orifices, hyperplasia of the dense tubular system, and considerable variety in numbers of granule. Morphological analysis was made on platelets of these patients and of normal subjects. Functional morphology of the abnormal platelets was examined in the aggregate samples either by ADP or collagen and the effluent blood from platelet retention test. The abnormal platelets were more or less indifferent from the aggregates and underwent only to a slight degree the changes observed in normal platelets. They frequently retained their native, round, smooth-surfaced form without pseudpod, and did not show the inward shift of organelles; furthermore, they retained more granules than did normal platelets. From these morphological findings we speculated that these ultrastructurally abnormal platelets had an impaired release reaction as a result of the dysfunction of SCS in passing released substances, of the inability of microfilaments to constrict in expelling these substances and sometimes because of a lack of granules as the sources. PMID- 1129600 TI - [Health and development: priorities, planning, and health indicators]. PMID- 1129601 TI - [Systems of priorities of health care in eastern countries. Case of the Soviet Union]. PMID- 1129602 TI - In the name of health and illness: on some socio-political consequences of medical influence. PMID- 1129603 TI - Training for rural health in Tanzania. PMID- 1129604 TI - Organizational issues relating to medical priorities in Latin America. PMID- 1129605 TI - The burden of rheumatoid arthritis: tolerating the uncertainty. PMID- 1129606 TI - Health priorities in the poorer countries. PMID- 1129607 TI - Benefit-cost analysis: a review of its applicability in policy analysis for delivering health services. PMID- 1129608 TI - Selection as an interactive process: the case of Catholic psychoanalysts and psychiatrists. PMID- 1129609 TI - Behavioral research and strategies in public health: a demur. PMID- 1129610 TI - Medical systems in Malaysia: cultural bases and differential use. PMID- 1129611 TI - Whiter gastroenterology--to wither? Specialty training vs primary care. PMID- 1129612 TI - The role of the local health officer. PMID- 1129613 TI - The role of the local health officer--why not a nurse? AB - Examination of the role of the public health officer indicates that registered nurses with a master's degree in public health have, in many cases, more training and experience than physicians to function effectively in this role. It is suggested that, give the current physician shortage, the changes in scope of public health practices, and the use of other professionals capable of fulfilling the role, the selection of physicians as local health officers should be viewed as only one of several alternatives. PMID- 1129614 TI - Endoscopic evaluation of the gastric antrum. PMID- 1129615 TI - Breast cancer: a critical review of a patient sample with a ten-year follow-up. AB - Records of 407 patients with primary breast cancer treated at the M.D. Anderson Hospital in 1958 and 1959 were reviewed with regard to patient characteristics, treatment, and results. These patients presented with relatively advanced disease (42% were inoperable on initial evaluation). Black and Chicano patients had significantly more advanced disease on admission than did white patients. Approximately 61% of patients received treatment appropriate to their clinical category indicating that multiple factors influence therapy selection. Absolute ten-year survival free of disease was 21%. Black and Chicano patients with early disease (categories 1 and 2) had significantly worse survival than did white patients. Problems with retrospective studies are multiple and limit the validity of conclusions. Randomized controlled studies are essential to answer critical questions. PMID- 1129616 TI - Some marital-sexual concomitants of carcinoma of the cervix. AB - The responses of 50 cervical cancer patients to questions about marital and sexual adjustment are discussed. The subjects were predominantly poor, white women from rural areas or small towns. They had to travel 50 to 150 miles to a hospital where half were treated by radiotherapy and half by surgery. Their interview responses suggest five phases in attitudes and feelings from the time of the diagnosis until six months after treatment. Of 30 subjects who had a sex partner available and who completed the third of four interviews, 70% had either as much or more desire for coitus after treatment than before illness, and 57% had coitus either as frequently or more frequently after treatment than before illness. PMID- 1129617 TI - Experience with total hip replacement at Ochsner Clinic. AB - Eighty-four patients had 97 total hip replacement procedures. Standard Muller components were used in the first 40 operations; the Aufranc-Turner acetabular component was used with the Muller-femoral component in the final 57 procedures. The trochanter was detached only in exceptional circumstances. Seventy-six patients with 87 replacements were followed up for 12 to 34 months. Complications, occasionally multiple, occurred in more than one third of our patients; thromboembolic disease was the most frequent. No significant wound complications occurred; there was no infection. In 71 replacements the results were excellent; in 15, good; and in 1 fair. PMID- 1129618 TI - The sick sinus syndrome: treatment by permanent transvenous atrial pacing (a new approach). AB - "Sick sinus syndrome" is characterized by alternating tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias, diverse origin, generalized conduction abnormalities, and symptoms of heart failure, systemic embolization, and syncope. Proper treatment requires demand atrial or ventricular pacing. A patient with this syndrome was treated with a new transvenous atrial electrode catheter which has successfully controlled her symptoms for 33 months with unrestricted physical activity and without further paroxysms of atrial arrhythmia. PMID- 1129619 TI - Removal of nonmagnetic and magnetic intraocular foreign bodies with constant visualization. AB - A method of removing intraocular foreign bodies, magnetic or nonmagnetic, that are invisible to ordinary viewing procedures is presented. Intraocular foreign bodies are associated with media which is opaque from the blood and debris of trauma. Early removal of nonmagnetic particles usually is impossible, while localization of magnetic foreign bodies changes with movement of the patient or the eyeball, causing wrong magnet application and additional intraocular damage. All of this is resolved by placing the inside of the eye on a "television screen" where the foreign body and the forceps are seen constantly in a two dimensional aspect, allowing removal of the object with minimal trauma. PMID- 1129620 TI - Hammertoe surgery: waist resection of the proximal phalanx, a more simplified procedure. AB - A technic for correcting hammertoe and other toe deformities by waist resection of the proximal phalanges of the toes effectively corrected these conditions in 95 patients and 466 toes. This procedure can be done quickly and easily with low morbidity. Through a very short incision over the waist of the proximal phalanx, a subperiosteal resection is carried out which permits settling of the resected bone ends together within the periosteal tube, resulting in bony union. The proximal phalanx is effectively shortened and the imbalance of the tendon length to the bony arch, which originally produced these deformities, is thereby corrected. PMID- 1129621 TI - 131-I rose bengal liver scanning in the differential diagnosis of neonatal jaundice. AB - Results of a series of 2i liver scans with 131-I rose bengal in 21 patients who developed progressive jaundice in the neonatal period are described. Using the 131-I rose bengal scan alone, an attempt was made to separate the patients into two groups, the first with total bile obstruction (biliary atresia) and the second with only partial biliary tract obstruction (intrinsic liver disease). The diagnostic accuracy of the scan was 82%. An additional diagnostic criterion, the count radio, is suggested. The determination of this ratio requires no additional effort or expense and would improve the diagnostic accuracy of the scan used alone in this series of patients. PMID- 1129622 TI - Goals and teaching methods of the urologic core curriculum at the University of Missouri, Columbia. AB - Urology is a highly specialized surgical subspecialty, but most urologic patients present to the primary physician with variable signs and symptoms. As medical school educators, we are obligated to furnish the students with the knowledge and skills required to handle the patient's initial problem, and refer the patient to a urologic specialist at the optimal time. The Section of Urology, University of Missouri, Columbia, has developed a core urologic curriculum for junior and senior medical students. The goals and methods used to accomplish these goals are presented in conjunction with the goals for the Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia. PMID- 1129623 TI - Practical approach to pediatric hearing problems. AB - The identification and measurement of suspected hearing loss in pediatric patients presents a formidable challenge to the physician. Since he is responsible not only for determining the nature and extent of the hearing deficit, but also for overall management throughout the patient's learning life, an early and accurate diagnosis of the loss is mandatory. PMID- 1129624 TI - Obstructive uropathy secondary to a false aneurysm in 12 years after abdominal aneurysmectomy. AB - Long-tern follow-up of patients having abdominal aneurysmectomy and graft replacement will show that a considerable number develop false aneurysms at the anastomotic sites. This is the particularly true in situations in which silk suture was used for the vascular anastomoses. Successful management of this problem necessitates an awareness that unsuspected, asymptomatic ureteral obstruction can be a complicating factor. Preoperative work-up of all abdominal aortic problems should include an intravenous pyelogram. When evidence of ureteral obstruction is encountered, retrograde ureteral catheterization is important to precisely identify the point of obstruction and to aid in the ureterolysis at the time of operation. Inadvertent injury and contamination from an obstructed ureter is a situation which must be avoided when prosthetic grafting is anticipated. PMID- 1129625 TI - Shunt surgery in Meniere's disease. AB - This is a clinical study of the results of endolymphatic sac shunt surgery for Meniere's disease in 28 patients. Postoperative audiometric results and clinical evaluation of vertigo and tinnitus were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of this form of treatment. Although this is a small study and the time interval since operation is of only moderate duration (6 to 46 months), the results are encouraging: 79% of the patients showed improvement or stabilization of hearing as well as control of vertigo. PMID- 1129626 TI - Perforation of duodenal stump ten years after partial gastrectomy. AB - Described is a patient who developed spontaneous perforation of the duodenal stump of a Billroth II anastomosis done ten years ago. This catastrophe is thought to have resulted from acute afferent-loop obstruction, a rare but recognized late postgastrectomy complication. The patient died of hemodialysis disequilibrium syndrome. PMID- 1129627 TI - Spontaneous pyeloduodenal and renocolic fistulas. AB - Twenty-seven previously reported cases of pyeloduodenal fistulas are reviewed and the first case of a simultaneously occurring pyeloduodenal and renocolic fistula is reported. Pyeloduodenal fistulas appear to result from an inflammatory process originating in the kidney, frequently are associated with calculi, and are best managed surgically with nephrectomy and closure of the fistula. PMID- 1129628 TI - Arm ischemia due to fibromuscular hyperplasia of the axillary artery. AB - A case of fibromuscular hyperplasia of the left axillary artery is reported. The lesion was bypassed using autogenous saphenous vein. At present writing, nine months after grafting, excellent pulses are present in the arm and the patient has been completely relieved of the ischemic symptoms. PMID- 1129629 TI - Removal of figure-8 knot in femoral-cerebral "headhunter IV" catheter during angiography. PMID- 1129630 TI - Renocolic fistula. AB - A case of left renocolic fistula secondary to chronic pyonephrosis has been reported. Neprectomy, excision of the fistulous tract, and closure of the colon is the treatment of choice. This was accomplished in this case with excellent results. PMID- 1129631 TI - Retinal sparing in diabetic retinopathy. AB - Asymmetrical involvement of the retinas in diabetic retinopathy is rare. The cause of this "sparing" of one retina is important in terms of the possibility of coexisting or superimposed ocular or vascular disease. Asymmetrical retinal involvement also reflects a pathophysiologic element in the progression of diabetic retinopathy, namely, the concept of net retinal vascular pressure as it affects the degree of observable retinal disease in diabetics. An illustrative case was presented, along with a review of similar cases reported in the literature. PMID- 1129632 TI - Rupture of the gallbladder after blunt abdominal trauma. AB - The diagnosis of traumatic injury of the gallbladder may only be discovered at the time of celiotomy. The patient initially may be asymptomatic; later, he may develop nausea, vomiting, or paralytic ileus. Hemoconcentration, leukocytosis, and biliurea all have been observed, but are inconstant findings. However, increasing abdominal distention without a change in hematocrit value, jaundice, dark urine, or acholic stools accompanied by a rising bilirubin level should aid in diagnosis. Although the treatment of traumatic rupture of the gallbladder may be altered to fit the clinical situation and degree of anatomic disruption, most authors agree that cholecystectomy is the method of choice. PMID- 1129633 TI - Letter: Management of puncture wounds. PMID- 1129634 TI - Fertilization of the eggs of bivalve mollusks with different insemination conditions. AB - Eggs of the bivalve mollusks Ostrea gigas, Spisula sachalinensis, and Mactra sulcataria taken from the ovary and placed in sea water are capable of maturation: the nuclear membrane dissolves and polar body I is released. The percentage of such spontaneously ripening eggs differs widely in different females and apparently characterizes the degree of roe maturity. The fertilization rate of roe containing a small percentage of spontaneously maturing eggs increases considerably during holding in sea water and remains at a high level for several hours. Maximum percentage fertilization can be obtained only over a narrow range of sperm concentrations in suspension for the species studied. A concentration of 10-6 or 10-7 sperm/cm-3 is usually optimum; a decrease or increase in sperm concentration by an order of magnitude (in comparison with the optimum level) reduces percentage fertilization. It was shown that sperm in suspensions with concentrations above the optimum level are activated to a lesser extent and their speed of movement is less than at high dilutions. PMID- 1129635 TI - Distribution of neoblasts and mitoses during the asexual reproduction of the planarian Dugesia tigrina (Girard). AB - The neoblast distribution in the prepharyngeal portion of the body remains unchanged during the asexual reproduction of planaria. During the first few days after fission, the number of neoblasts decreases in the portion of the body immediately adjoining the site of daughter zooid detachment and considerably increases in the regenerative bud. Starting with the fourth day after division, there is an increase in the number of neoblasts in the region of future fission, which can be regarded as one preparatory mechanism for the next fission. The mitosis distribution pattern is just the reverse: the regions of the body with the highest neoblast density are characterized by a low mitotic index or no dividing cells at all. The neoblast and mitosis distributions in the daughter zooid during its asexual reproduction cycle duplicate those observed in the maternal zooid. PMID- 1129636 TI - Incorporation of labeled amino acids into proteins of the cell organelles of muscle tissue during the restoration of the regenerative capacity of the limbs of axolotl, suppressed by x-irradiation. AB - The incorporation of labeled amino acids into the total proteins of muscle tissue and cell organelles during the regeneration of limbs of axolotls and after the suppression of the regenerative capacity by x-irradiation and its experimental restoration were investigated. In the case of suppression of the regenerative capacity of the limbs by x-irradiation, the protein synthesis in the muscle tissue is impaired. The intensity of the incorporation of labeled amino acids into the proteins of a homogenate of muscle tissue, nuclei, mitochondria, and the mitochondria-free fraction is reduced in comparison with normal regeneration. Under the influence of biopreparations (a salt extract from a homogenate of the rat gastrocnemius muscle), a restoration of protein synthesis, processes of differentiation, and the formation of regenerates was observed. C-14-lysine was incorporated most intensively into the proteins of the mitochondria-free fraction and nuclei at the spatula stage (exceeding this index in the series with irradiation of the limbs without treatment with the biopreparation by 5 and 7 fold, respectively). PMID- 1129637 TI - Connection between the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in oocytes of loach (Misgurnus fossilis L.) AB - A considerable number of mitochondria (10-20 percent) are closely connected with the granular endoplasmic reticulum at the early stages of oogenesis in loach. The number of ribosomes on sections of the endoplasmic reticulum turned toward the mitochondria is considerably greater than on other sectors of the membranes. The work discusses the role played by contacts between the mitochondria and the granular endoplasmic reticulum in the biogenesis of oocyte mitochondria at the early stages of oogenesis. PMID- 1129638 TI - The effect of the splotch gene on the parameters of the cell cycle in the brain and spinal cord of mouse embryos. AB - The parameters of the cell cycle were determined in 10-day-old mouse embryos, homozygous for the splotch (Sp) gene, by the radioautographic method with H-3 thymidine. Normal embryos (+/+)with a similar genetic environment were used as the control. In the brain and spinal cord of Sp/Sp embryos the mitotic indices were more than twice as high as those in +/+ embryos. The rate of cell proliferation increased identically in both the dorsal and ventral parts of the neural tube. The generation time of the brain and spinal cord cells of Sp/Sp embryos was 8 h and that of normal embryos 9 h. The Sp gene decreased the duration of the S phase 1.5 h (25 percent). In addition, this gene increased the duration of the G(1) phase 0.5 h. The Sp gene evidently acts in the G(1) phase, as a result of which the duration of this phase increases while that of the S phase decreases considerably. This leads to an increase in the rate of cell proliferation and to the development of abnormalities of the CNS of homozygous embryos. PMID- 1129639 TI - Incorporation of H-3-thymidine into mitochondrial DNA of quail oocytes and eggs. AB - The amount of mitochondrial DNA and its synthesis were investigated in quail oocytes during the last 20 days of their growth. As the oocyte grows the amount of DNA in it increases rapidly, but at the end of oogenesis the increase in the amount of DNA lags considerably behind the rate of increase in the volume of the oocyte. As the oocyte grows the incorporation of H-3-thymidine into mitochondrial DNA decreases. The synthesis of mitochondrial DNA in cells of the quail embryo in early stages of development takes place at the same rate as the synthesis of nuclear DNA and far more rapidly than is more inhibited by ethidium bromide and mitomycin than the synthesis of nuclear DNA. PMID- 1129640 TI - Change in myoglobin content in rabbit and chicken muscles in ontogenesis. AB - The accumulation of myoglobin in the muscles was studied in the ontogenesis of rabbits and chickens. A connection was found between the myoglobin content and the degree of the functional load of the muscles in different age periods. Myoglobin appears first in the myocardium. In the femoral muscles of chick embryos myoglobin is first found on the 16th day of incubation. Myoglobin is not detected quantitatively in the masseter and femoral muscles of the rabbit during prenatal development. The myoglobin content is highest in the gizzard of a mature hen. PMID- 1129641 TI - [Reconstruction of the deep femoral artery]. PMID- 1129642 TI - [Extended indications for sympathectomy]. PMID- 1129643 TI - [Experiences with the use of venous allotransplants in the treatment of arterial obliterations the lower extemities]. PMID- 1129644 TI - [Entrapment syndrome of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 1129645 TI - [Probe for the coagulation of incompetent perforating veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1129646 TI - [Urgent problems in acute conditions of extremity arteries at the department of general surgery]. PMID- 1129647 TI - [Infection in the surgery of arteries]. PMID- 1129648 TI - [New types of Czechoslovak vascular prostheses]. PMID- 1129649 TI - [Successful reconstruction of thrombotized aneurysm of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 1129650 TI - [Analysis of long chain fatty acids in the pathological synovial fluid]. PMID- 1129651 TI - [Rheumatic reactions in the aged]. PMID- 1129652 TI - [Follow-up study of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 1129653 TI - [Localization of intracellular gold--a study by light and electron microscopy]. PMID- 1129654 TI - [Malignant rheumatoid arthritis 1. Some clinical characteristics of the so-called malignant rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1129655 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus with acute respiratory failure; an autopsy case]. PMID- 1129656 TI - [Primary amyloidosis preceded by chronic polyarthritis and melphalan treatment]. PMID- 1129657 TI - The dilemma of hypersplenism. PMID- 1129658 TI - Surgery of the spleen. PMID- 1129659 TI - Evaluation of the patient with suspected extrahepatic biliary obstruction. PMID- 1129660 TI - Presence of modified fibroblasts in ischemic contracture of the intrinsic musculature of the hand. AB - Biopsies of fibrotic interosseous muscles were obtained from three patients with ischemic contracture of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Control biopsies were taken from normal contralateral interossei and from normal interossei crushed three weeks earlier. Examination of the specimens from the affected muscles under the electron microscope demonstrated large numbers of modified fibroblasts with ultrastructural features of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. The atypical fibroblasts observed resembled myofibroblasts seen in contracting wounds, Dupuytren's contracture, stenosing tenosynovitis, and idiopathic carpel tunnel syndrome. Biopsies from normal muscle and crushed normal muscle contained normal fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells but no modified fibroblasts. Active contraction of modified fibroblasts could be responsible for progressive muscle shortening seen in intrinsic contracture. PMID- 1129661 TI - Surgical management of shotgun injuries of the face. AB - The surgical reconstruction of patients with self-inflicted gun blast injuries to the face requires the most efficient management. There was a uniform pattern of tissue loss in the patients studied. The repair sequence was subjected to a retrospective analysis to indicate the most efficient co-ordination and return to a functional state. Emphasis must be upon the principle of initial salvage of as much bony structure as possible. Primary flap transfer or early mobilization of flaps for soft tissue repair are desirable in speeding restoration. PMID- 1129662 TI - Transcervical thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. AB - Since 1967, transcervical thymectomy has been the procedure of choice for all patients with nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis and a selected group of patients with thymomatous myasthenia gravis operated upon at the Mount Sinai Hospital. A total of 180 transcervical thymectomies have been performed. In 12 patients, a pre-existing tracheostomy was present. Morbidity was minimal, limited to three instances of bleeding, five of pneumothorax, one of self-limited chylothorax, and one wound infection. One postoperative death from an unrelated cause occurred in 1967. The postoperative course has been smoother and the management of the myasthenia gravis considerably easier than those following transthoracic approaches. Consequently, routine elective tracheostomy at the time of thymectomy has been abandoned. The average period of hospitalization does not exceed one week. As a result of the minimal risk involved, indications for thymectomy now include all patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, and the procedure is performed earlier in the course of disease. Postoperative electromyographic findings show immediate improvement in the majority of patients operated upon during the first year in which symptoms occur. Transcervical thymectomy arrests the progress of the disease, decreases the mortality rate, and has long term results equal to those of transthoracic approaches. Earlier remissions, fewer germinal centers, and a smaller number of thymomas were noted in patients operated upon early in the course of the disease. A decrease in neoplasms outside the thymus gland and in neonatal myasthenia gravis was also noted following thymectomy. PMID- 1129663 TI - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy following thermal injury. AB - In a series of 25 burned patients, 15 had inhalation injury as evidenced by fiberbronchoscopic examination. The criteria for post-thermal pulmonary injury were airway edema and inflammation, mucosal necrosis and presence of soot and charring in the airways. This technique of direct visualization of the pulmonary tree can be performed easily, without complications, and provides an objective means for the early diagnosis of inhalation injury in burned patients and prompt institution of treatment. PMID- 1129664 TI - Further experience with circle tube nephroureterostomy urinary diversion. AB - Circle tube nephroureterostomy as an alternative method of urinary diversion has now been used in 80 patients, representing a wide variety of clinical problems. The technique offers several advantages over nephrostomy or intubated ureterostomy. Additional extensive experience with the procedure has substantiated the initially favorable impressions. PMID- 1129665 TI - Acute vascular compression of the duodenum following cast application. AB - It is suggested that only those patients in whom symptoms begin within two weeks after application of the cast should be included in the cast syndrome. Early diagnosis with prompt treatment in the form of replacement therapy and a nasogastric tube is important. Operation should be reserved for those patients in whom conservative treatment fails or the cast cannot be removed. PMID- 1129666 TI - Oral glucose tolerance in patients with jaundice. AB - A glucose tolerance test was performed on 21 patients with jaundice. The glucose tolerance patterns were principally classified into a parabolic pattern characterized by the return toward normal within 120 minutes and a linear pattern with long-standing increase for more than 120 minutes. Of these, 13 patients showed the parabolic pattern and tolerated the operation well. The other eight patients showed the linear pattern. Of the latter, four patients died within three weeks postoperatively, and the others died without leaving the hospital following operation. From the results, it was suggested that the parabolic glucose tolerance pattern is indicative of compensated damage to the liver, while the linear glucose tolerance pattern shows critically decreased hepatic functional reserve. Experimentally, the close relationship between the severity of the derangement of metabolism in the mitochondria of the liver and the degree of glucose intolerance was studied in rats and rabbits with jaundice subjected to the ligation of the common bile duct. In rats with jaundice in which the phosphorylative activity is significantly higher than that in the mitochondria from the tissues of the liver deprived of endogenous insulin through portal blood, the parabolic patterns develop. In rabbits with jaundice in which the phosphorylative activity is considerably lower than that in the mitochondria from tissues of the liver deprived of endogenous insulin, the linear pattern occurs. It was suggested that the two distinct patterns in patients with jaundice are closely related to the severity of the derangement of the phosphorylative activity of the mitochondria. PMID- 1129667 TI - Arterialization of the liver in combination with a portacaval shunt in the dog. AB - A dog preparation has been developed combining an end-to-side portacaval shunt with arterialization of the hepatic portion of the portal vein through an anastomosis between the inferior branch of the splenic artery and the stump of the portal vein. In this dog preparation, total hepatic blood flow, perfusion of the intrahepatic portal vein, and sinusoidal pressure remained within the preoperative range in the majority of the dogs. The data presented indicate that arterialization of the liver, under those conditions, resulted in no histologic damage or atrophy of the parenchyma of the liver and was effective in achieving significant prolongation of life and prevention of most of the adverse metabolic sequelae that follow a portacaval shunt in dogs. The indocyanine green extraction was restored to normal. The extraction of ammonia was impaired in all dogs with shunts; however, a significantly better ammonia extraction was seen in dogs with arterialization of the liver. It is being postulated that the dual perfusion of the liver through the hepatic artery and the portal vein is essential for the maintenance of the normal morphologic and functional states of the liver in dogs. The avoidance of hyperfusion of the sinusoidal bed with arterial blood is the most critical factor in preventing morphologic damage of the liver if arterialization of the portal vein is used. PMID- 1129668 TI - The value of biliary endoscopy. AB - The value of biliary endoscopy was determined in 100 consecutive patients undergoing choledochotomy. Using a compact, rigid, right-angled choledochoscope with a rod-lens optical system the biliary tract was inspected for residual stomes following conventional exploration. Completion operative cholangiography and postoperative T-tube cholangiography were performed in all patients. Of 52 patients undergoing primary choledocholithotomy, the duct was cleared of all calculi in 51. A small residual stone was found by postoperative cholangiography in one patient. Exploration revealed no calculi in the ducts of the remaining 30 patients. Biliary endoscopy was of benefit to the surgeon in the majority of patients. In 17 patients, calculi missed by standard exploration were detected; in five of these, the calculi could be retrieved only under endoscopic control. In 11 patients, interpretation of operative cholangiograms was aided, while in three the endoscopic findings clarified operative strategy. The use of biliary endoscopy did not increase the postoperative morbidity or mortality rates beyond those oridinarily encountered in choledocholithotomy. Current experience indicates that the new choledhchoscope overcomes limitations of previous endoscopes and should serve as the definitive diagnostic tool for operative biliary endoscopy. The addition of this technique to the armamentarium of the biliary surgeon will play a significant role in overcoming the age-old problem of the retained common duct stone. PMID- 1129669 TI - Nongenital pelvic tumors found at gynecologic operations. AB - Sixty-nine nongenital pelvic tumors were foudn unexpectedly at gynecologic operations performed between 1960 and 1969, during which period 60,930 patients were examined in the gynecologic departments. The two largest groups of tumors were those of the colon, 18 instances, and retroperitoneum, 15. PMID- 1129670 TI - Editorial: Surgical oncology at the crossroads. PMID- 1129671 TI - Editorial: Surgery, the abused word. PMID- 1129672 TI - The posterior approach to rectal anastomoses. AB - The posterior approach to the rectum provides excellent exposure for benign lesions which are too high to be excised through the anus but too low to be excised transabdominally. As an adjunct to low anterior resection, it broadens the scope of the procedure without compromising the requirements of a proper operation for cancer. PMID- 1129673 TI - Technique and results of fifty-five open renal biopsies in children. AB - Amodification of the Hamburger technique of renal biopsy has been used to obtain 55 biopsies in 47 high risk children. The kidney is exposed through a vertical 2 to 3 centimeter incision just caudad from the 12th rib. The speciimen is taken with a biopsy-needle under direct vision. Specimens obtained nine to 93 glomeruli suitable for examination, and all were suitable for diagnosis. There were no significant complications, and all patients had recovered completely within 24 hours. PMID- 1129674 TI - Comparison of two methods of postoperative pulmonary care. AB - A new apparatus for postoperative pulmonary care was compared to one in common use. Vital capacity, a common clinical indicator of pulmonary status in the postoperative patient, was used as an index of improvement or deterioration. In patients using the device with increased dead space and expiratory pressure, there was a significantly greater increase in vital capacity than in those of the group who used blow bottles. Since increased vital capacity is indicative of improved pulmonary function, it is suggested that the use of the dead space expiratory pressure device should result in a decreased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. PMID- 1129675 TI - Pulmonary edema in patients with sepsis. AB - Fifteen critically ill patients with sepsis, 12 of whom had significant pulmonary dysfunction develop, were investigated with regard to changes in pulmonary capillary pressure, in serum oncotic pressure and on roentgenograms of the chest. It could not be shown that the pulmonary edema, which is a major characteristic of the septic lung lesion, was due to changes only in oncotic and hydrostatic pressures. Nor was there evidence that increased capillary permeability was the sole explanation of the edema. A significant relationship was found which consisted of increasing severity of the lung lesion, decreasing serum oncotic pressure and increasing pulmonary pressure. When patients with sepsis require resuscitation with fluids, the administration of moderate amounts of albumin along with monitoring of pulmonary capillary pressure appears to be a rational approach to therapy. PMID- 1129676 TI - Evidence of nonvagal neural stimulation of canine gastric acid secretion. AB - In this study, we confirmed our original findings that central vagus stimulation is significantly associated with a subsequent increase in gastric mucus secretion. Central vagus stimulation following phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride administration was associated significantly with protracted elevations in secretory volume and titratable acid. We were unable to conclude that phenoxybenzamine itself in several pharmacologic dosages was associated with an increase in titratable acid. The acid secretory responses could be abolished by transection of the splanchnic nerves. Electrical stimulation of the peripheral part of the splanchnic nerve following administration of phenoxybenzamine was also associated with significant increases in secretory volume and titrable acidity. These secretory responses were not blocked by atropine but were diminished by burimamide. It is concluded that, in the dog, a largely heretofore unsuspected second neural pathway exists which is capable of influencing gastric acid secretion. PMID- 1129677 TI - Acute cholecystitis. AB - The mortality rate for acute cholecystitis was 9.4 per cent. Those patients who underwent cholecystostomy had a mortality rate of 27.3 per cent, cholecystectomy 2.2 per cent, cholecystectomy and choledochotomy 7.4 per cent. Factors found to have an adverse effect on mortality in acute cholecystitis included sphincterotomy, perforation or gangrene of the gallbladder and cholagitis. Cholecystectomy is the operation of choice in acute cholecystitis in the absence of or history of jaundice or evidence of a common duct stone or cholangitis. Operative cholangiography and pressure and flow measurements through the cystic duct are advocated to avoid a retained common duct stone. Cholecystostomy should be reserved for the critically ill patient or a patient who deteriorates during operation, and it should be done only if the operator visualizes clear bile returning through the cystic duct. PMID- 1129678 TI - Associated diagnoses which complicate rehabilitation of the patient with bilateral lower extremity amputations. AB - Cardiopulmonary problems were the most common limiting factor in the rehabilitation of 42 bilateral lower limb amputees. Diabetes mellitus and local stump problems, most common in below knee amputees, delayed rehabilitation but, subsequently, obtained the highest goals. Thirty of the 42 amputees finally were self sufficient; the average time required was 30 weeks to maximum benefit. PMID- 1129679 TI - The influences of changes in temperature on intestinal lymph flow and relationship to operations for carcinoma of the intestine. AB - The effect of cooling, freezing and warming temperatures on the flow of lymph from the intestines was studied in dogs. When intestinal temperatures were dropped to an average of approximately 40 degrees F., an immediate decrease in lymph flow occurred to a mean value 33 per cent of control levels. With rewarming, lymph flow increased rapidly, rebounding to a level almost twice as great as that in controls. When the intestines were subjected to hypothermia to the point of freezing, lymph flow decreased immediately with flow rates dropping to only 6.6 per cent of control levels. Techniques for achieving freezing in these studies were inefficient, and uniform freezing was not always obtained. Again, with rewarming there was an immediate rise in lymph flow to levels significantly above those in controls. In hyperthermic studies to temperatures of 103 degrees F., a biphasic reaction was noted with an initial increase in lymph flow averaging 71 per cent higher than that in controls followed rapidly by a drop in lymph flow significantly below control levels. These experiments demonstrate that hypothermia, particularly below freezing temperatures, may rapidly decrease and virtually stop lymph flow from an intestinal segment. This suggests that hypothermia might be useful as an adjunctive measure in the operative management of patients with carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1129680 TI - Use of peritoneal lavage in the diagnosis of experimental acute pancreatitis. AB - Twenty-four dogs were divided into five groups. Under pentothal sodium anesthesia, those in the control group received no further manipulation; another group underwent laparotomy only; and dogs in the last three groups had induced pancreatitis, intestinal ischemia and duodenal perforation, respectively. An analysis was made of serum and peritoneal lavage fluid in the dog of each group at 30 minute intervals for four and one-half hours. Parameters which were significantly elevated in dogs with pancreatitis compared with other groups included fluid amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, proteolytic activity and intestinal alkaline phosphatase and serum amylase. We judge that these biochemical differences in the lavage fluid, when taken with the physical characteristics of the fluid and the clinical symptoms, can significantly aid the clinician in arriving at the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 1129681 TI - Technetium bone scanning as an aid in the diagnosis of atypical acute osteomyelitis in children. AB - Technetium bone scanning is a simple, safe and accurate method for the diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis in children whose presenting clinical findings are atypical of bone infection. Bone scanning was effective in the localization of the exact site of osteomyelitis, thus facilitating needle aspiration as well as subsequent surgical decompression. Tehcnetium bone scanning is a diagnostic technique for determining bone infection in children who are unable to communicate adequately or in those whose signs have been modified by previous inadequate antibacterial therapy. PMID- 1129682 TI - Flow through the bile duct after cholecystectomy. AB - The human bile duct has no intrinsic motility, but following cholecystectomy, flow through the bile duct is governed by the intraductal pressure generated by the liver, by the resistance to flow through the duct and sphincter at the terminal end of bile duct and by intraduodenal pressure. Pressure-flow experiments were performed upon 50 patients with biliary T-tube drainage following cholecystectomy and choledochostomy; nine patients had also undergone transduodenal sphincterotomy. Saline solution was introduced into the bile duct at controlled pressures, ranging from zero to 30 centimeters of water, while recordings were made of the flow rate of saline solution, intraduodenal pressure and respiratory movements. Although the flow rate of saline solution increased as its perfusion pressure was increased, three types of variation in flow were also recorded: rhythmic arrests of flow, occurring four to eight times per minute, believed to be due sphincteric contractions; nonrhythmic arrests of flow, lasting up to one minute, believed to be due to sphincteric contraction, and variations in flow associated with changes in intraduodenal pressure. The resistance to the flow of saline solution and the variations in flow rate were also similar in the patients who had undergone sphincterotomy. This study supports the view that sphincteric activity is present followingcholecystectomy, that the choledochal sphincter has rhythmic activity which differs from that of duodenal motility and that sphincter probably opens and closes continuously in a rhythmic manner during fasting periods in patients who have undergone cholecystectomy. PMID- 1129683 TI - Quantitative morphologic assessment of immunoreactivity in regional lymph nodes of patients with carcinoma of the breast. AB - The main quantitative problem in the pathologic evaluation of carcinoma of the breast is how to appraise host resistance. To study this in 107 patients with radically excised carcinoma of the breast, the axillary lymph nodes were weighed, the average sinus histiocytosis was estimated, and the plasma cells in the medullary cords were counted and expressed as a plasma cell index. The product of the lymphoid weight, the average sinus histiocytosis and the plasma cell index multiplied by 0.1 is called the hyperplasia index, which expresses quantitatively the cell mediated immunity and the humoral immunity in the axillary lymph nodes. The hyperplasia index was correlated with the metastatic tumor weight in the primary tumor with blood vessel invasion, lymphoid infiltration and volume of the tumor. There was a significant inverse relationship, p smaller than 0.001, between the hyperplasia index and the ratio of metastatic tumor weight to lymphoid weight. A significant direct relationship was found in the women with blood vessel invasion and low hyperplasia index values with increased metastatic tumor weight ratio to lymphoid weight, p smaller than 0.01. In patients without metastatic lymph nodes, there was a direct relationship between high hyperplasia indexes and lymphoid infiltration of the frank tumor, p smaller than 0.05. The hyperplasia index is considered a quantitative morphologic evaluation of the regional host defense reaction in the axillary lymph nodes, reflecting the antigenic strength of the tumor and the immune response to it. PMID- 1129684 TI - Cystadenoma of the pancreas. AB - Five patients with cystadenoma of the pancreas were seen during a period of 22 years at this institute. This rare benign tumor occurred predominantly in middle age women, with the presenting symptoms of pain and an epigastric mass, but without a history suggestive of pancreatitis or abdominal trauma. Selective celiac and superior mesenteric antiography is helpful in establishing the diagnosis. If this cystic tumor is not recognized and adequately treated, the surgeon may miss the opportunity for cure. Cystadenoma should be suspected when a cystic mass arising from the body or tail of the pancreas is encountered without evidence of metastases. Although surgical extirpation is the preferable treatment, undue risks should not be undertaken because of the slow growth rate of this benign tumor. Due to the known association of this tumor with other malignant lesions, diabetes mellitus as well as multicystic tumors of the liver and kidneys, these patients should be thoroughtly investigated. PMID- 1129685 TI - The effect of suture materials on healing wounds of the bladder. AB - The healing pattern of bladder tissue and its response to various suture materials were studied and compared with data reported previously on skin, stomach and colon wounds. Tensile strength, biochemical data and histologic reactions were used as parameters of wound healing measurement. The healing pattern of urinary bladder wounds resembles that observed for stomach and colon. However, wounds of the urinary bladder wall regain strength equal to unwounded bladder wall within 21 days, whereas wounds of stomach and colon do not achieve more than 70 per cent of unwounded tissue strength after 120 days. The rate of collagen synthesis in bladder wounds reaches a peak at five days and returns to that of normal unwounded tissue by 70 days. Colon and stomach wounds, on the other hand, showed elevated rates of collagen synthesis even at 120 days. As with colon and stomach, absorbable sutures appear to lower the strength of both the wound and unwounded tissue. However, in stomach and colon this effect is only observed during the first 21 days of healing; in the bladder it persists throughout the 120 day observation period. No histologic evidence of smooth muscle regeneration was seen in bladder wounds. Noncollagenous protein synthesis was not increased in the wound, also suggesting smooth muscle regeneration does not occur. Silk and Mersilene sutures produced the greatest tissue reaction; if the sutures were exposed in the lumen of the bladder, stone formation was observed. This was not observed with monofilament polypropylene sutures. Plain catgut produced the least tissue reaction, but both plain aions comparable with chromic catgut but were regularly absorbed between 28 and 70 days. Since the bladder is well healed by 21 days, polyglactin-910 may be an ideal suture for use in the bladder. PMID- 1129686 TI - Experience with detailed surveillance of nosocomial infection. AB - Infection rates have been determined in a 332 bed university hospital using an efficient surveillance program. This computerized program analyzed, summarized and returned infection reports in six days. The efficiency rate of this system was 80 per cent as determined by prevalence survey. The mean nosocomial infection rate for the 12 month study period was 10.8 per cent. Neurology, medicine, neurosurgery, surgery and urology ahd the highest attack rates. Urinary tract infections composed 44 per cent of the total and predominated on seven of the 11 services. Escherichia coli predominated in infections of the urinary tract, surgical wounds and blood and ranked third in respiratory infections. Escherichia coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas and proteus mirabilis accounted for 61 per cent of the isolates. There is a need for efficient reporting of hospital infections to establish effective preventives. PMID- 1129687 TI - Editorial: An oncologic puzzle. PMID- 1129688 TI - Intraoperative demonstration of the mesenteric lymph channels. AB - The mesenteric lymphatic channels are readily demonstrated at laparotomy by injecting methylene blue directly into the mesenteric lymph nodes. Flow through the lymphatic system can be augmented by temporarily compressing the superior mesenteric vein. PMID- 1129689 TI - Technical details in the surgical correction of extrahepatic biliary atresia. AB - As in any new operation, what appear to be minor variations in surgical methods may be crucial to the success or failure of the procedure. Extended biliary drainage has been achieved in infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia by adherence to the details of the surgical technique just described. To date, results appear to be better in those infants having the definitive operation at the time of the initial exploration. Consequently, it appears that surgeons undertaking operative exploration should be able to carry out the porticoenterostomy procedures. PMID- 1129690 TI - The hemodynamics of portal hypertension revisited: determinants and significance of occluded portal pressures. AB - We bring up to date our series of direct measurements of portal flow and pressure in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In 153 patients the portal flow averaged 447 plus or minus 350 ml. Hg per minute and the portal pressure 28.5 plus or minus 4 mm. Hg (approximately 387 mm. H2O). Both quantities compare favorably with our previous measurements in smaller groups of patients. In 80 of our patients we had also measurements of pressure on the hepatic and splanchnic sides of a clamp occluding the portal vein. Nine of these patients had an hepatic occluded portal pressure higher than either or both the free portal pressure and the splanchnic occluded portal pressure. Of these nine patients with reversed pressure differences, two had stagnant portal flow and the remaining seven had forward flow into the liver measuring from 80 to 1,116 ml. Hg per minute. PMID- 1129691 TI - Degradation of adenine nucleotides by the soleus muscle in hemorrhagic shock. AB - Our previous studies have shown a salutary effect of adenosine triphosphate magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl2) administered to animals in shock. The presence of adenine nucleotide converting enzymes on cell surfaces and the ability of nucleotides to act at the cell surface have been recognized also. To investigate the fate of administered or externally applied ATP and to determine whether it would be subjected to increased degradation with shock, the soteus muscles from rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock and from control animals were incubated in the presence of ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) with MgCl2. Comparable degradation of the added nucleotides was observed with both control muscles and those from bled animals. Adenylate kinase activity was detected to the same extent in the medium after incubation with both groups of muscles, but other enzymes were not, suggesting that the latter enzymes were located on the exterior surface of the muscle cell. Thus with shock there was no increase in the breakdown of the nucleotides by the enzymes on the muscle surface (ATPase, AMPdeaminase) or the cellular enzyme, adenylate kinase. PMID- 1129692 TI - Mortality rate following lower limb arterial embolectomy: causative factors. AB - The series reported includes 85 patients who underwent arterial embolectomy for 101 embolic events. The over-all hospital mortality rate following embolectomy was 41 percent. The etiological factors for this high mortality rate are analyzed. The group includes 58 patients who had arteriosclerotic heart disease and 27 patients with rheumatic valvular disease. The mortality rate encountered in the arteriosclerotic group of patients was 52.9 percent, whereas that in the rheumatic group of patients was 18 percent. The major cause of death was cardiorespiratory failure (51 percent). Factors which weighed heavily on the final outcome were previous myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac decompensation, and rhythm disturbances. Limb salvage was accomplished in 51 patients (60 percent). Amputation was performed in 17 patients (20 percent). PMID- 1129693 TI - Fat and solid filtration in clinical perfusions. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the fat filtration characteristics of a packed polyester wool filter when used alone in the cardiotomy suction (12 cases) and the arterial lines (10 cases) during clinical hemodilution, extracorporeal circulation. The pressure gradient-flow relationship and the efficiency of removal of fibrin microparticles were first ascertained in vitro. Total fat was extracted from the polyester wool with a Soxhlet device. Whole blood and plasma lipids were measured before and after bypass. The results showed a 23 mm. Hg pressure drop across a wool filter with a water flow rate of 5 L. per minute and a 40 to 52 percent efficiency for fibrin microparticles 15 to 250 mu. The total lipid extracted from the cardiotomy filters averaged 376 plus or minus 72 mg. compared with 512 plus or minus 95 mg. in the arterial line filters, although there was no statistically significant difference. Additionally 245 plus or minus 101 mg. of nonlipid material were extracted from the arterial line filters. The postperfusion whole blood contained a higher concentration of lipid than the preperfusion blood when corrected for dilution. It was concluded that significant quantities of solids, two thirds of which were fat, were removed by packed polyester wool filters during total body perfusions. Most of the fat was derived from the cardiotomy suction system. The amount of filtered fat and solids increased with perfusion time. These findings endorse the concept of cardiotomy filtration during extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 1129694 TI - An attempt at forming an effective gastroesophageal mucosal valve. AB - A technique for the prevention of esophageal reflux has been studied in dogs and successfully applied to two patients. It consists of stripping the distal 2 to 3 cm. of the esophagus of its musculature and then closing the muscular gap, thus infolding the mucosa of the denuded segment. Experimentally and clinically the mucosal valve thus formed has proved effective in preventing reflux without producing obstruction. PMID- 1129695 TI - Jejunal absorption of bile salts after resection of the ileum. AB - Malabsorption of bile salts plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea after resection of the ileum, but the diarrhea usually improves with the passage of time. To test the hypothesis that this improvement may occur as a result of increased absorptive capacity for bile salts in the jejunal remnant, everted sacs of jejunal remnants were prepared 3 months after ileectomy. The mean serosal to mucosal concentration ratio of taurocholate found in the experimental jejunal sacs was increased approximately 70 percent over the mean ratios of normal and sham-resected jejunal preparations (p smaller than 0.05). This change may be a manifestation of cellular adaptation in transport function, suggesting that the scope of intestinal adaptation in short gut syndrome goes beyond morphological hypertrophy and hyperplasia. PMID- 1129696 TI - Patient selection and improved technical factors in small-vessel bypass procedures of the lower extremity. AB - Thirty-two small-vessel bypasses were constructed as limb-salvage procedures. The one month patency rate was 72 percent and the one year cumulative patency rate was 55 percent. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative angiography was performed in most cases and the results correlated with the ultimate fate of the graft. Preoperative angiography is critical in determining the location of a suitable small vessel, including the peroneal artery, and the quality of the runoff. Intraoperative angiography is required to delineate correctable intraoperative defects usually appearing at the distal anastomotic area. Additionally, failure to demonstrate runoff or a pedal arch can help support a decision not to re-explore a graft should early closure occur. Postoperative angiography is essential to validate clinical success with graft patency and function. It also serves to discover potential graft defects that might otherwise lead to closure and potential limb loss. Selected cases of failed small-vessel bypass grafts may be salvaged by thrombectomy with or without graft revision. Small-vessel bypass is generally contraindicated if there is extensive tissue necrosis and infection extending into the proximal foot. In cases where the necrotizing infection is localized, particularly to the forefoot, then open drainage, debridement, or amputation should be performed together with small vessel bypass. Finally, the risks indigenous to small-vessel bypass procedures demand optimal patient selection and exquisite operative technique. PMID- 1129697 TI - The effect of vagal stimulation on gastrin release and acid secretion. AB - Canines with vagally innervated fundic pouches and chronic esophageal fistulas were subjected to sham feeding experiments during which pouch acid output and peripheral serum gastrin levels were measured. These dogs then underwent construction of vagally innervated antral pouches. The sham feeding experiments were repeated after recovery. Preoperatively sham feeding provoked a substantial increase in acid output accompanied by a small serum gastrin increase which did not achieve statistical significance. After creation of the innervated antral pouches, sham feeding evoked an acid secretory response similar to control values. Serum gastrins, however, increased nearly 500 percent in response to sham feeding. Our data support the concept that direct vagal stimulation of the parietal cell mass is the major mechanism by which sham feeding increased acid secretion. PMID- 1129698 TI - Autogenous vein bypass grafts: biological effects of mechanical dilatation and adventitial stripping in dogs. AB - To evaluate whether mechanical vein dilatation and stripping of adventitia at the time of harvest may adversely alter the long-term fate of autogenous vein grafts, dogs were subjected to reversed femoral vein interposition grafting with either normal veins, mechanically dilated veins, or adventitially stripped veins. Vein segments taken before grafting and veins exposed in situ but not grafted served as controls. Animals were killed at 3 months, and five vein segments in each category were evaluated for gross and microscopic changes. All grafts subjected to arterial interposition displayed marked neointimal proliferation and fibrosis of the media and adventitia. Notably, both dilated and stripped veins appeared to be similar and were indistinguishable from normal veins that had been subjected to arterial interposition for the same duration. Veins exposed in situ but not subjected to arterial flow remained essentially normal. Adverse alterations attributed to vein dilatation or adventitial stripping were not apparent and should not be invoked in the mechanism of graft failure at 3 months' duration. PMID- 1129699 TI - Platelet response to regional and systemic shock. AB - Hemorrhage in dogs to 30 mm. Hg did not produce platelet aggregation. Significant platelet aggregation was shown in stored blood delivered through the standard blood administration set, in the splanchnic circulation in endotoxic shock, and in the inferior vena cava following three hours of aortic cross-clamping. Pulmonary trapping of platelet aggregates could not be shown by serial screen filtration pressure measurements. PMID- 1129700 TI - Extrathoracic axillary-iliac bypass substitution of a resected descending thoracic aorta. AB - Resection of a dissecting aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta (Type III) was accomplished in a uremic patient on hemodialysis with reconstruction of blood flow through extrathoracic bilateral axillary-subclavian-iliac Dacron grafts. Review of the literature revealed no similar operation reported before. Other potential uses for this operation, such as infected aortic grafts and resections of the arch and descending thoracic aorta in high-risk patients, are discussed. Despite complete rehabilitation of this patient 10 months after operation, the application of this procedure must await longer term follow-up. The operative procedure described thus far was applied only in one patient and should be considered only in special circumstances, as discussed. PMID- 1129701 TI - Replacement of portal vein during pancreatectomy for carcinoma. AB - Three patients are described in whom the portal vein, surrounded but not penetrated by pancreatic carcinoma, was resected and replaced by an expanded Teflon (Gore-Tex) tube. One patient, who has survived 32 months without recurrence of disease, had a radiographically patent graft at 2 and 17 months after operation. A second survivor has a patent graft at 8 months. The third patient died 10 days after operation with an open prosthesis. Excision of involved portal vein during pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the pancreas is justified in the absence of metastases. Vein grafting is the best means of portal vein reconstruction. Gore-Tex appears to be a suitable prosthesis when the portal vein must be sacrificed. Its clinical success in terms of patency substantiates previous experience in experimental animals. PMID- 1129702 TI - Evaluation of palliative resection in advanced carcinoma of the stomach. AB - A retrospective study of 140 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach seen at Roswell Park Memorial Institute during a 5 year period revealed that 112 patients were TNM Stages III or IV. A palliative resection of the stomach was done in 39 patients; the other 73 did not undergo resection. Patients who had palliative resection for stages III and IV carcinoma of the stomach had a prolonged mean survival rate, as compared with those with similar stage of disease who did not have palliative resection, regardless of an additional treatment such as feeding procedures, gastroenterostomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. This significance was noticed regardless of age, sex, and histological differentiation of the tumor. Chemotherapy significantly increased the survival rate in the unresected group but failed to show this effect in the resected group. PMID- 1129703 TI - Saphenous nerve entrapment simulating vascular disorder. AB - Saphenous nerve entrapment may cause a painful syndrome simulating vascular disorder of the leg. The anatomical relationship of the saphenous nerve is described to explain the pathogenesis of the syndrome. The clinical features, diagnosis, and results of treatment of 32 patients are reported. The differential diagnosis of the syndrome is discussed. It is concluded that entrapment of the saphenous nerve should be considered when other known syndromes are unable to explain the symptomatology. PMID- 1129704 TI - Decisions to hospitalize and operate: a socioeconomic perspective in an urban state. AB - Rates of hospital discharges for selected surgical procedures and some medical conditions were compared by socioeconomic status (SES) of patients for all 1972 hospital discharges from the 13 voluntary general hospitals located in Rhode Island. Socioeconomic status was determined by scoring the census tract of patient residence with such variables as median family income, housing status, etc. Many frequently performed surgical procedures had similar rates for the high, middle, low, and poverty socioeconomic groups. Procedures performed more frequently on the poverty than on the high SES group were tonsillectomy and upper gastrointestinal, heart, hemorrhoid, and cataract procedures. Dental procedures were performed more frequently on the high SES group. The over-all rate of hospital admissions showed a steady decline from the rate of 156 per 1,000 for the poverty census tracts to 104 for the high SES census tracts. This trend was reflected in the admission rates for several conditions requiring primary medical management, such as infections, diabetes, and skin problems. The population-based frame of reference used in this study can be a useful tool for raising pertinent questions for both professional standards review organizations and health planning groups. PMID- 1129705 TI - Inadvertent femoral artery "stripping": surgical management. AB - Following "vein stripping" for varicosities, two patients were referred to our service for evaluation of arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities. Both patients had had surgical interruption of the femoral arterial system which required reconstruction. This paper emphasizes the importance of understanding surgical anatomy and presents the techniques of successful surgical management of both cases. PMID- 1129706 TI - Eosinophilic infiltration of duodenum and pancreatic head: report of a case studied arteriographically. AB - A case of tumorlike eosinophilic infiltration of the duodenum and pancreas is reported. Arteriography and hypotonic duodenography indicated a large lesion involving both the pancreatic head and the second portion of the duodenum without encasement or obstruction of the intrinsic vasculature. This is the first reported use of angiography in this condition. The combination of findings described should suggest a benign infiltrative process. PMID- 1129707 TI - Substernal goiter with superior vena caval obstruction. AB - Substernal goiter with vena caval obstruction remains an interesting diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Since 85 to 90 percent of superior vena caval obstructions are due to a malignant disease, an intrathoracic goiter represents one of the benign, curable causes of this syndrome. This report describes the clinical course of a 44-year-old woman who presented with this entity and was successfully corrected by surgical intervention. A discussion of diagnostic, operative, and prognostic considerations is presented. PMID- 1129708 TI - Letter: Use of the rotary rasp during the first rib removal for thoracic outlet syndrome. PMID- 1129709 TI - [Histogenetic principles for classifying tumors of the thyroid gland in the light of current concepts of its structure and function]. PMID- 1129710 TI - [Morphology and classification of allergic vasculitis]. PMID- 1129711 TI - [The dynamics of thyrotoxic heart development in experimental thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Thyreoidin intoxication was modelled in 12 rabbits, 39 rabbits served as controls. ON THE 3RD, 7TH AND 14TH DAY OF THE EXPERIMENT PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS WERE CARRIED OUT IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE FUNCTION OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART AND CONTENTS OF ADRENALIN AND NORADRENALIN IN THE MYOCARDIUM. At the same periods an electron microscopy investigation of the contractile myocardium of the left ventricle of the heart with subsequent quanitative analysis of electronograms were carried out. It was shown that clear cut changes in the ultrastructure of the contractile myocardium and in the heart function, accompanied with accumulation of sympathetic amines in the cardiac muscle, take place already at the early periods of the experiment. The changes in the muscle cell ultrastructure were caused by a hyperfunction of the retained organells, mitochondria in particular, due to the weakening of conjugated respiration and phosphorilation processes, as well as to the exclusion from functioning of a part of mitochondria and to an increase in the loading on the myocardium. As a result, energy deficit of the cardiac muscle originated and continued to increase. Because of inclusion of the compensatory-adaptative mechanisms, which reached their maximum by the 14th day of the experiment, the processes of plastics and energy formation at the expense of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mitochondria, were drastically intensified, which allowed the heart to function under conditions of the increasing thyreoidin intoxication. PMID- 1129712 TI - [The influence of the rhythm of the damaging agent on the character of hepatic reparative regeneration]. AB - The effect of frequency of administration of tetrachloride of carbon (CCl4) on synthesis of DNA by hepacytes and cells of the stroma, as well as on composition and magnitude of infiltrates in the liver of mice was studied. For this purpose autoradiographic and histological studies of the liver tissue in animals injected with poison once a week, twice a week and every day were carried out dayly. Periodic increases in number of hepacytes tagged with thymidin-H3 and an increase in the number of cells in infiltrates were observed. The rhythm of these changes corresponded to the frequency of administration of CCl4. With the rise in the frequency of injections of the poison the rate of increase in number of cells in infiltrates rose and synthesis of DNA in hepacytes became more intensive. The time interval, however, between the injection of the toxin and the rise of DNA synthesis in hepacytes remained constant irrespective of the frequency of exposure to the damaging factor. PMID- 1129713 TI - Population dynamics in a stochastic environment: spectral theory for the linearized N-species Lotka-Volterra competition equations. PMID- 1129714 TI - Some population genetic models combining artificial and natural selection pressures: II. two-locus theory. PMID- 1129715 TI - Subdivided populations: a review of the one- and two-locus deterministic theory. PMID- 1129716 TI - Genetic drift in exogamous marriage systems. PMID- 1129717 TI - Stochastic selection in large and small populations. PMID- 1129718 TI - Convergence of the age structure: applications of the projective metric. PMID- 1129719 TI - Some population genetic models combining artificial and natural selection pressures: I. one-locus theory. PMID- 1129720 TI - [Diagnose and treatment of hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 1129721 TI - [Deep peripheral venous thrombosis. Pathogenetic views]. PMID- 1129722 TI - [STP--(DOM), a psychomimetic amphetamine with hallucinogenic and psychosis inducing properties]. PMID- 1129723 TI - [Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol use in treatment of brochial asthma]. PMID- 1129724 TI - [Diseases of teeth, periodontium and oral mucosa as side effects of anticholinergic drugs]. PMID- 1129726 TI - [General practice research committe]. PMID- 1129725 TI - [Determination of residual urine using I-131 hippuran and gammacamera, without catheterization]. PMID- 1129728 TI - [Editorial: Research in general practice]. PMID- 1129727 TI - [Drug committee at Ulleval hospital, Rikshospital, Ringerlike hospital, Trondheim region hospital. Work planning and practical experiences]. PMID- 1129729 TI - [Editorial: Drug committees]. PMID- 1129730 TI - [Editorial: Determination of residual urine]. PMID- 1129731 TI - [Letter: Birth during orientation about an investigation]. PMID- 1129732 TI - [Index Medicus, MEDLARS, MEDLINE for reference from biomedical literature]. PMID- 1129733 TI - [Menstruation and examinations]. PMID- 1129734 TI - [Nephropathia epidemica. Diagnostic use of renal biopsy in sporadic cases]. PMID- 1129735 TI - [Nephropathia epidemica. 12 cases from Grane and Hattfjelldal in Nordland county August 1973-January 1974]. PMID- 1129736 TI - [Nephropathia epidemica]. PMID- 1129737 TI - [Idiopathic steatorrhoea (coeliac disease) and malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 1129738 TI - [Lithium induced hypothyroidism]. PMID- 1129739 TI - [Treatment of lithium induced polyuria]. PMID- 1129740 TI - [Treatment of acute laryngitis with nebulized racemic adrenaline]. PMID- 1129741 TI - [Glowing particles in the ear]. PMID- 1129742 TI - [Pimozide (Orap"Mekos")--1st representative for a new group of neuroleptic agents]. PMID- 1129743 TI - [Mesoridazine (Lidanor"Sandoz")--a new neuroleptic closely related to thioridazine]. PMID- 1129745 TI - [Academic and ordinary people. Thoughts about medical information]. PMID- 1129744 TI - [Phenylbutazone and vitamin C]. PMID- 1129746 TI - [Nephropathia epidemica]. PMID- 1129747 TI - [Aortocoronary vein passage at angina pectoris]. PMID- 1129748 TI - [Doxycycline (Vibramycin) at renal failure]. PMID- 1129749 TI - HL-A2 and congenital heart malformations. PMID- 1129750 TI - Human lymphocyte antigen, HL-A27, in Japanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - A high association of HL-A27 specificity with ankylosing spondylitis was found in Japanese patients in spite of a very low frequency of this specificity in a normal Japanese population. These findings coincide well with those in Caucasian patients, and indicate the strong relationship between the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis and HL-A27 specificity beyond racial differences. No particular HL-A patterns were noted in patients with the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical vertebrae. This observation provides an evidence that this disease is etiologically different from ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 1129751 TI - HL-A phenotyping in an Indonesian population. AB - The frequencies of 30 HL-A antigens were studied in an Indonesian population of 95 individuals from the city of Jakarta. The antigens HL-A9, or more precisely W24, and HL-A11 (first series) and W15 (second series) occurred with high frequencies, whereas HL-A8, W14 and W22 were completely absent. These results are consistent with previous reports of HL-A typing in South East Asian populations. PMID- 1129752 TI - Histocompatibility antigens (HL-A) in leprosy. AB - HL-A antigens of 70 leprosy patients and 40 normal healthy individuals were determined by the standard microlymphocytotoxicity test. Both lepromatous and non lepromatous leprosy patients were tested for the presence of 11 HL-A antigens, and the frequency of each specificity was compared with that in a normal population of the same ethnic group. Although the statistical significance of HL A8 specificity was found to be marginal in lepromatous leprosy patients, when using ordinary 2 times 2 statistics, there did seem to be a decreased frequency of HL-A9 among the non-lepromatous type. Other antigens tested did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups of subjects. PMID- 1129753 TI - On the heterogeneity of linkage estimations between LA and four loci of the HL-A system,. AB - Three cases of crossing over between the LA and FOUR loci of HL-A system are presented in this note. Recombination fractions between those two loci are also calculated from familial data kindly provided by other European laboratories. It is suggested that differences found in maternal and paternal recombination frequency are due to the heterogeneity of estimates of each laboratory. PMID- 1129754 TI - Generalized paroxysmal discharges induced by visual stimuli and eye movements. AB - The generalized paroxysmal discharges (GPDs) induced by the visuo-sensory and oculomotor activations in a total of 30 patients were investigated. The patients consisted of 27 epileptics and 3 with sequelae of head trauma; all of them showed photoconvulsive response. The visuo-sensory activation with red-flicker of 15 cycles/sec or with visual stimuli containing patterns, "pattern," was carried out under the constant condition of 20 cd/m-2. In 22 cases (73%), G-type (simultaneous occurrence of GPD over all the areas) was induced by red-flicker, while in 28 cases (93%) P-type (GPD was preceded by posterior spikes) was induced by "pattern." With the oculomotor activation, paroxysmal discharges were induced in 11 cases of photogenic epilepsy; 10 cases (91%) were of A-type (GPD was preceded by anterior spikes), and one case (9%) showed focal spikes over the right frontal area. In 21 cases (70%), the type of GPD changed from G-type to P type as the red-flicker activation was replaced by the "pattern" activation. Further, in seven (33%) out of the 21 cases it changed from P-type to A-type as the activation with "pattern" was replaced by the oculomotor activation. It was suggested that the non-specific thalamo-cortical system, the visual cortex, and the frontal eye field are chiefly concerned with the occurrences of G-type, P type, and A-type, respectively, when such stimuli as described above are given independently. PMID- 1129755 TI - Red cell count in hereditary spherocytosis with nephrotic hypercholesterolemia. AB - Positive correlation between red blood cell count and serum cholesterol level was found in a case of hereditary spherocytosis associated with nephrotic syndrome. Red blood cell cholesterol content varied with serum cholesterol level. PMID- 1129756 TI - High epinephrine content in the adrenal tumors from Sipple's syndrome. AB - Percent of epinephrine content to total catecholamine is low in pheochromocytomas irrespective of unilateral or bilateral adrenal origin when they have no medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. However, epinephrine content higher than norepinephrine has been noted in the adrenal tumors from the patients with Sipple's syndrome. Although an exact reason for this remained unknown, our data could suggest that the adrenal tumors in Sipple's syndrome are primarily different from other types of pheochromocytoma, and thorough examinations for detecting the thyroid carcinoma should be necessary when the adrenal tumor is rich in epinephrine. PMID- 1129757 TI - A further study on fast and slow principal cells of rat lateral geniculate body: an analysis of flash-evoked responses. AB - In the lateral geniculate body (LGB) of urethane-anesthetized and Flaxedil immobilized rats, unit responses of principal cells (P-cells) were recorded by using flash stimulation of the eyes. By measuring response latencies to electrical stimulation of the optic tract, all P-cells were classified into the fastor slow group according to the criterion established by Fukuda. Flash-evoked unit responses consisted of the two kinds of discharges, i.e. the early discharge (ED) with latencies less than 100 msec and the late discharges of spike burst (LDs) often recurring twice or more (LD1, LD2 and so on). Cells' firings were suppressed during the interval between ED and LD1 and those between successive LDs. The ED- and LD1-latencies, measured in dark with strong flashes, were shorter in the fast cells than in the slow one. The interval between ED and LD1 was shorter in the fast cells than in the slow ones. It was common to the both types of P-cells that as flash intensity was reduced, the ED-latency increased and the LD1-latency decreased. However, the ED-LD1 interval remained shorter in the fast cells than in the slow ones. Upon shifting from dark to light, the LD1 latency markedly increased or decreased in the slow cells, whereas such was not seen in the fast cells. These findings seem to provide a further support for the classification of P-cells into the fast and slow types. PMID- 1129758 TI - Globoid cell leukodystrophy: the first case with antemortem diagnosis in Japan. AB - A Japanese boy was diagnosed as globoid cell leukodystrophy on the basis of a marked decrease in the galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase activity in the leukocytes and the serum when one year and two months old. At autopsy when 1 year and 10 months, microscopic findings were characteristic for those of globoid cell leukodystrophy. Galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase activities of leukocytes and sera of his father and mother were found to be half those of control subjects, thus it suggested the parents being heterozygotes of the disease. PMID- 1129759 TI - Sequence of heme decomposition by the coupled oxidation of myoglobin with ascorbic acid. AB - Occurrence of a biliverdin-iron complex or verdoheme as the final oxidation product of heme moiety in the coupled oxidation of myoglobin and ascorbic acid in air was evidenced and the sequence of heme decomposition in this reaction system was concluded to proceed in the order of protoheme, hydroxyheme and biliverdin iron complex or verdoheme. The final oxidation product usually remains attaached to globin and appears to give a diffuse absorption possibly with a peak at 760 nm at neutral pH. In alkaline solution the compound exhibits an absorption peak at 840 nm, and when reduced with Na(2)S(2)O(4), it is readily converted to biliverdin which exhibits a large absorption with a peak originally at 800 nm, being followed by a gradual shift to 760 nm. PMID- 1129760 TI - Electroencephalographic findings in a case of globoid cell leukodystrophy. AB - An increased slow wave pattern of the EEG basic waves without epileptogenic discharges was observed in an early stage of a case of Krabbe's disease. In the later stage of the illness, spikes and sharp waves were mixed with. The peculiar runs of fast activity which were described by Kliemann et al. (1969) were not observed during the course of our patient. PMID- 1129761 TI - Impetus to transferring non-motile sperm in the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis. AB - Effect of intratesticular pressure was examined on non-motile sperms in the testis whether they move toward the epididymis when it is raised. The head portion of the epididymis of the dog was cut apart at the proximal portion to the testis fully exposing the lumen of the epididymis. The electric stimulation of perivascular nerves of the spermatic cord caused spermatozoa to flow out onto the incision site at 5 min. The number of them increased progressively, almost innumerable at 15 min. These results support the view that the elevated intratesticular pressure by electric stimulation surely works to transfer non motile sperm in the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis. PMID- 1129762 TI - An unexpected incidence of convulsive attack in male mice after long-term isolated condition. AB - Unexpected convulsive attacks were observed in male dd-D mice which were reared for a long-term experiment. After three months from the onset of rearing, some of mice showed convulsive attacks when they were handled in such routine laboratory procedures as weighing, clearing of cage and feeding. The convulsive attack was observed only among the mice being reared individually in each of sections of cage and did not occur in the mice which had been reared as a colony. The incidence rate of convulsive attack increased as the rearing period was prolonged. Our finding was similar to King and coworkers' report (1955) in which convulsions were observed in the singly housed C3H mice. The one thing particular in our observation was the difference of incidence rate according to the extent of isolation, i.e., the higher rate was observed on the condition of mice without other mice in the neighbouring sections than those with neighbouring mate. The neighbouring mate acted some roles to change susceptibility to convulsive attack, even though separated by a sheet of wire-netting. PMID- 1129763 TI - Histochemical and electron microscopic studies of the human cutaneous lymphatic capillary. AB - The light microscopic characteristics of the normal cutaneous lymphatic capillary of man are the presence of elastic fibers around the vessel and a sudden change in contour of the lumen as observed on serial sections. Both are useful characteristics for differentiating the lymphatic from the blood capillary. Electron microscopic investigation is necessary to identify definitely vessels as lymphatic capillaries by demonstrating the absent or scanty basal lamina of the endothelial cell. PMID- 1129764 TI - Effect of unilateral lesion of amygdala on unmanifested response to Matatabi (Actinidia polygama) in cats. AB - The experiment was designed to elucidate the question whether the unilateral ablation of the amygdala significantly affects sexual behavior or not. For this purpose, the effect of the unilateral amygdalectomy upon Matatabi-response was investigated in the cat (R-cat), particularly in cats which showed unmanifested Matatabi-response in the innate status (NR-cat). Following the unilateral damage to the amygdala, NR-cats showed a significant manifestation in their Matatabi response behavior, while R-cats indicated no change in it, their performance level being the same as preoperatively. It is concluded from the present results that even the unilateral ablation of the amygdala affects sexual behavior significantly, this being in contrast to many previous reprots. The present finding implies that individual differences in sexual behavior appear to depend on the neural basis of the amygdala, supporting an assumption that the amygdala is a controlling center of sexual and emotional behaviors. PMID- 1129765 TI - Statistical analysis on toxicity of a nitrofuran derivative, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5 nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide. AB - A food additive, furylfuramide or AF-2, which had been used in Japan since 1965 and structurally is composed of 5-nitro-2-furyl radical and acrylamide, was re examined mainly on chronic toxicity by statistically reviewing published data. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The maximum safety dosage which shows no demonstrable change in rats must be corrected at least to 1/170 of the value which has been accepted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan (MHW). 2) The minimum effective dose to bacterial growth in food can not be lowered below the standard usage level with MHW determined, because the inactivation factor in food, decreasing effectivity to 1/20, must be taken into consideration. 3) In view of these two facts, AF-2 is found to be unacceptable as a food additive. 4) Great importance must also be attached to the possibility of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of AF-2, pointed out recently. Both neurotoxicity and dermatitis observed in tofu (soybean curd) makers are also memtioned. PMID- 1129766 TI - Role of adenosine or AMP as a probable mediator of blood flow regulation in canine hindlimb muscles. AB - Canine hindlimb muscles were perfused with arterial blood from a donor at a constant pressure or at a constant flow rate. Blood samples were analyzed for adenosine, oxygen and potassium during load-free twitch contractions (2 cps) and/or after 3-min ischemia. (1) During exercise hyperemia A-V oxygen (p smaller than 0.001) and V-A potassium (p smaller than 0.001) differences increased in both perfusion systems. Under the constant pressure total amount of adenosine and/or AMP released (TAAR) remained constant at 34.4 plus or minus 7.8 (mean plus or minus S.D.) nmoles/ml of blood compared with 31.0 plus or minus 5.6 at rest, whereas under the constant flow rate the value increased from 32.8 plus or minus 9.4 to 74.6 plus or minus 15.7 (p smaller than 0.001). (2) In reactive hyperemia A-V difference of oxygen increased (p smaller than 0.001) and TAAR remained at 33.0 plus or minus 8.3 under the constant pressure. Under the constant flow rate TAAR increased from 32.8 plus or minus 9.4 to 48.1 plus or minus 12.6 (p smaller than 0.001). (3) After ischemic contractions TAAR remained constant under the constant pressure perfusion. Under the constant flow rate, however, TAAR showed definite decrease compared with that during exercise hyperemia with intact flow (p smaller than 0.001). (4) The authors think that adenosine and/or AMP is the mediator of exercise hyperemia, supported by potassium ions and local hypoxia. Adenosine and/or AMP, and local hypoxia are responsible for reactive hyperemia. In ischemic contractions, no special circulatory mediator was found. PMID- 1129767 TI - Surveillance system of chromosome abnormalities in early embryonic stage of induced abortions. AB - Chromosome analysis was made in induced abortions within 12 gestational weeks after the first day of the last menstrual period. There were 22 cases (7.3%) of gross chromosome anomalies in 300 materials. About a half of aberrant embryos were born to mothers who had positive histories of drug treatments or X irradiation for various reasons. PMID- 1129768 TI - Reovirus-like particles in jejunal mucosa of a Japanese infant with acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis. AB - In a two-month old Japanese boy with acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis, reovirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in columnar epithelial cells, goblet cells and cells which infiltrated in the lamina propria of the upper jejunum which had been taken by peroral biopsy 90 hr after the onset of the illness. PMID- 1129769 TI - Sex-difference in the response to different kinds of dietary carbohydrates in rats. AB - Each twenty male and female young rats (Donryu) were divided into five groups. Four groups of each sex were fed fat-free diet with different carbohydrates; cornstarch, glucose, sucrose, or fructose. The remaining one group of each sex was fed a commercial diet. After rearing for one month, hemoglobin content, level of blood sugar, weight of organs, and content and composition of lipids in serum and liver were measured. (1) Among the female carbohydrate-groups, the variation in the weight of organs was significantly large only in carcass and adrenals. Contents of hepatic lipids were similar among the carbohydrate-groups. The lowest content of serum lipids was found in the glucose group. (2) In the male, significant variations were found in the weights of carcass, spleen and kidneys. The highest content of hepatic lipids was in the starch group, but the highest content of serum lipids was in the fructose group. (3) The present experimental conditions were particular in that fat and fatty acids were excluded from diet in comparison with similar experiments reported, and the sex-difference in the response of rats to different kinds of carbohydrates found in the present study was similar to that being already noted. PMID- 1129770 TI - Change of pyrophosphatase activity in the chicken serum during the course of development. AB - The change of pyrophosphatase activity in the chicken serum was studied during the course of development. The enzyme activity was higher at the age of rapid growth than at the age of maturation. This finding suggests the participation of pyrophosphatase and pyrophosphate in controlling the calcification process. PMID- 1129771 TI - Lactate formation by the avian lung tissue. AB - The activities of formation of lactate and pyruvate were studied along with the development of chickens, Gallus domestica. In the lung the activity of lactate formation was highest in the embryo at 13th to 16th days of incubation, then the activity decreased as the development went on and continued to decrease even after the hatching. The change of the activity of pyruvate formation was almost parallel with that of lactate formation. On the other hand, in the liver the activities of formation of lactate and pyruvate remained constant and did not show such changes as observed for the lung. PMID- 1129772 TI - RNA content in the heart muscle cells following adrenalectomy and additional overload in the rat. AB - RNA content in the heart muscle cells of the adrenalectomized rats and those with aortic constriction was measured by microspectrophotometry. In the adrenalectomized rats, the RNA content decreased about 32% below that of the intact control rats by 7 days after operation. On the other hand, it decreased more abruptly in the adrenalectomized rats with aortic constriction. These results suggested that in the adrenalectomized rats, hypoplasia of the heart was caused by reduction of RNA content and myocardial compensatory hypertrophy was never induced even by overloading to the heart. The fact that the reduction of RNA content preceded the decrease of the heart weight per 100 g body weight suggests that in the cases of sudden unexpected death by unknown cause, the measurement of RNA content of heart muscle cells may be a clue to judge whether the cause of death is concerned with the heart or not. PMID- 1129773 TI - A comparison of free amino acid components in the human adenoid and palatine tonsil. AB - Free amino acids in the tissue of the palatine tonsil and the adenoid were analyzed using a JEOL 6-AS Type Auto-Analyzer, and comparative examination was made on 26 kinds of amino acids discovered. Of these, 23 amino acids showed significantly high values in the palatine tonsil, but hydroxyproline and tryptophan showed somewhat higher values in the adenoid. These results suggest that the metabolism in the palatine tonsil is more active than in the adenoid. PMID- 1129774 TI - Pheochromocytomas occurring in 3 members in a family. AB - Three members of a kindred exhibiting bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas are presented together with previously reported 15 familial cases in Japan. The rate of tumor growth, the stage of asymptomatic or chemical pheochromocytoma and the importance of urinary catecholamine assay for detection and diagnosis in this type of tumor are particularly emphasized. PMID- 1129775 TI - Statistical analysis of diverticulosis of the colon. AB - Forty-four cases of diverticulosis of the colon were detected among 2,662 cases examined by barium enema in Tohoku University. This corresponds to 1.7% in frequency. On the other hand, 21 cases were found among 1,511 cases examined in Hirosaki University, giving 1.4% in frequency. It was more frequent in the male. The frequency, as calculated on the basis of the numbers of cases examined by barium enema in separate age groups, showed the gradual increase with age except for above the eighth decade. The location where the diverticulum was most frequently seen was the right colon; namely, cases in which the diverticulum occurred from the cecum to the ascending colon and those in which it was found only in the ascending colon occupied 61.4 and 71.4% of the total cases, respectively. Diverticulitis as a complication was rare, while coincidence of polyp or carcinoma was sometimes observed. Furthermore, the value of fiberscopy for the diagnosis of diverticulosis of the colon was discussed, and its usefulness for the detection of complication was emphasized. PMID- 1129776 TI - Light-induced permanent changes in electric resistance and standing potential observed in neonatal chick eyes. AB - A group of neonatal chicks (subject) was kept in complete darkness before and after hatching, whereas another group (control) was raised under normal light conditions. The electric resistance and standing potential across the eyeball were measured between the cornea and occipital area on the 3-5 day after hatching. Under dark adaptation, the resistance of the subject group was much higher than that of the control. The standing potential of the subject group showed a large negativity of 4-15 mV on the cornea side, whereas that of the control group showed a slight positivity of 0.1-1.5 mV. The resistance and standing potential of the control eyeballs showed only a slight change during the light adaptation, whereas those of the subject group markedly decreased during the initial light adaptation. Ultimately, they became the same as the control group. These observed changes were irreversible, suggesting a certain structural change in the retina produced by the initial exposure to light. The results were discussed in relation to the morphological changes in photoreceptors observed after the initial exposure to light. PMID- 1129777 TI - Fibercolonoscopy for the diagnosis of granulomatous colitis. AB - In order to clarify the significance of fibercolonoscopy in diagnosis of granulomatous colitis, the pathological, radiological, endoscopic and clinical differences between granulomatous colitis and ulcerative colitis were investigated on 12 cases of granulomatous colitis and 23 cases of ulcerative colitis, which underwent colonic resections between 1954 and 1973. The comparative studies have revealed considerable differences in their characteristic features besides the overlapping spectrum. As a consequence of assessments made of the various diagnostic techniques as to usefulness in differential diagnosis between the two colitis conditions, it was noted that fibercolonoscopy and biopsy under direct vision, when applied in conjunction with the conventional procedures, readily facilitate the differential diagnosis without any surgical intervention in all aspects, excepting the depth of inflammatory involvement and the presence of lymphangiectasia. However, the depth of the inflammed lesion as well as lymphangiectasia can also be estimated indirectly. Therefore, it seems that it is possible to make the differential diagnosis between the two colitis conditions even prior to colectomy, with the exception of atypical forms which represent overlapping findings. PMID- 1129778 TI - The effect of visual sexual stimulation on urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline in impotent patients. AB - In 15 impotent patients, the effect of visual sexual stimulation was evaluated by measuring their urinary levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline, before and after stimulation. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline increased in the urine over the base levels in response to the visual sexual stimulation. The average increases were 1.5 times for adrenaline, and 1.4 times for noradrenaline. There was an evident correlation between the degree of sexual excitation and the excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline into urine. PMID- 1129779 TI - Activated charcoal hemoperfusion and experimental acetaminophen poisoning. PMID- 1129780 TI - Brain-acetlycholinesterase inhibition in a marine teleost during lethal and sublethal exposures to 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl dimethyl phosphate (naled) in seawater. PMID- 1129781 TI - Relation between hepatic and renal function tests and ultrastructural changes indced by 2-N-methylpiperazinomethyl-1,3-diazafluoranthen 1-oxide (AC-3579), a new experimental antileukemic drug. PMID- 1129782 TI - The inhibitory effect of cadmium on the secretory activity of the isolated perfused rat pancreas. PMID- 1129783 TI - Effect of multiple doses of cadmium on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in the rat. PMID- 1129784 TI - Role of glucuronide formation in the selective toxicity of 3-trifluoromethyl-4 nitrophenol (TFM) for the sea lamprey: comparative aspects of TFM uptake and conjugation in sea lamprey and rainbow trout. PMID- 1129785 TI - Experimental neoplasia in rats from oral administration of 3,3' dichlorobenzidine, 4,4'-methylene-bis-bis(2-chloroaniline), and 4,4'-methylene bis(2-methylaniline). PMID- 1129786 TI - The comparative metabolism of mesitylene, pseudocumene, and hemimellitene in rats. PMID- 1129787 TI - Metabolic fate of gossypol: the metabolism of [14-C]gossypol in swine. PMID- 1129788 TI - The carcinogenic effect of 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) in mice and rats. PMID- 1129789 TI - Nickel chloride-induced metabolic changes in the rat and guinea pig. PMID- 1129790 TI - Acute toxicity of tricyclohexyltin hydroxide to livestock. PMID- 1129791 TI - Teratogenicity, fetal toxicity, and placental transfer of lead nitrate in rats. PMID- 1129792 TI - Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, lipid A, and concanavalin A on lethality of 5-fluorouracil for mice. PMID- 1129793 TI - Prevention of trypan Blue-induced exencephaly and otocephaly in gestating albino mice. PMID- 1129794 TI - Relationship between sulfhydryl reactivity and toxicity of vinyl sulfone molluscicidal agents. PMID- 1129795 TI - Pulmonary atelectasis following administration of halogenated hydrocarbons. PMID- 1129796 TI - The distribution of dichlorvos in the tissues of mammals after its inhalation or intravenous administration. PMID- 1129797 TI - The influence of age on the toxicity and metabolism of methyl parathion and parathion in male and female rats. PMID- 1129798 TI - Comparison of the cochlear toxicity of sodium ethacrynate, furosemide, and the cysteine adduct of sodium ethacrynate in cats. PMID- 1129799 TI - Phthalate ester toxicity in human cell cultures. PMID- 1129800 TI - Prenatal effects of dieldrin and photodieldrin in mice and rats. PMID- 1129801 TI - The effect of food restriction on the redistribution of hexachlorobenzene in the rat. PMID- 1129802 TI - Vinyl chloride: a report of a European assessment. PMID- 1129803 TI - Methacholine: a 7-day inhalation toxicity study with primates. AB - The acute and sub-acute inhalation toxicity of methacholine to cynomolgus monkeys was assessed by exposure of animals to an aerosol of a 2% solution of the material in sterile saline. The acute response was characterized by a decrease in tidal volume, increase in respiratory rate, a fall in dynamic compliance and an increased pulmonary resistance. Onset of the acute response was rapid, reached a peak after 2-3 min of exposure and recovery appeared to be complete after 30 min following termination of an exposure. The sub-acute inhalation toxicity of methacholine was assessed by single daily aerosol exposure of primates to graded doses of the compound for 7 days. Pre- and post-exposure measurements of haematology and blood biochemistry, urinalysis, blood gas analysis and ECG showed no changes which could be attributed to exposure to methacholine. Nor were treatment-related histopathological changes observed in exposed animals. Distinct changes were seen in the mechanical characteristics of the lungs of exposed animals. Pulmonary resistances, measured on the day following final exposure, were increased in all animals exposed to the methacholine aerosol. During 9 weeks following the last of the daily exposures, increased pulmonary resistance values persisted in the animals retained for this period, although there was some indication of a gradual return to pre-exposure resistance values. PMID- 1129804 TI - Absorption, metabolism and excretion by goldfish of the anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulphate. AB - The route of absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism route of excretion, and excretion rate of the anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) in goldfish was investigated using [35-S] or [1-14-C] SLS. It has been shown that goldfish absorb SLS from solution principally through the gills, and that SLS is rapidly distributed throughout the body tissues, the highest concentration being found in the gall bladder. SLS was metabolised by the fish to butyric acid-4-sulphate, and was excreted by the kidney. Over a 24-h period 68% and 38% of a prescribed dose was excreted from freely fed and unfed fish, respectively. PMID- 1129805 TI - The role of the World Health Organization in pesticide research. AB - For many years the World Health Organization (WHO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, has been involved in activities related to pesticide chemicals such as toxicological evaluation of pesticides used in agriculture, recommendation of limits for pesticide residues in foods, application of pesticides used in public health (including recommending methods and specifications for equipment) and detection of resistance to pesticides. The use of substances toxic to man and to a variety of forms of life comprises an overall health problem, and the participation of WHO at the international level in this area should be regarded as part of its responsibility for promoting the health of all people. During the course of its engagement in these activities the Organization played, and plays, an important role, either by directly sponsoring research projects according to its limited budgetary capabilities or, and mostly, by assisting in the promotion, guidance and coordination of research programmes on a world-wide basis. This paper provides a brief description of the most important activities of WHO and outlines the Organization's involvement in stimulating research in the field of pesticide chemicals. References are made to the "modus operandi" of Expert Committees. PMID- 1129806 TI - Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administered subcutaneously to rabbits for 28 days. AB - Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) to rabbits produced dose-related cumulative toxicity. Five groups of three New Zealand albino rabbits each received 28 daily treatments with isotonic saline, sesame oil of 15.9, 45.0 or 153.4 mg/kg/day of delta-9-THC dissolved in sesame oil. Dose-related dermal responses included erythema, edema, ulceration and nodule formation. Some of the granulomatous nodules contained an oily substance and exhibited liquefactive necrosis. The severities of erythema and ulceration were generally maximal during the first week of treatment, but edema and nodule formation were most severe after days 12 and 14, respectively. All rabbits survived treatment, but body weights, liver weights and liver glycogen levels were decreased in a dose-related manner. Maximal body weight effects occurred after day 19. Hemochemical changes occurred only in rabbits treated with 153.4 mg/kg/day and included decreased blood sugar and alkaline phosphatase, and increased serum potassium. Hematology parameters were normal throughout the treatment period. No drug-related pathological lesions occurred in internal organs. The cumulative body weight changes, significantly decreased hepatic glycogen levels and reduced blood sugar and alkaline phosphatase values may have indicated drug-induced metabolic changes. PMID- 1129807 TI - The joint toxic action of perchloroethylene with benzene or toluene in rats. AB - The joint toxic action of mixtures of perchloroethylene with benzene or toluene was tested at five dose levels for each of six binary combinations with 20 rats per dose. LD50 data with 95% fiducial limits are reported for each mixture and tests for additive joint toxicity were made. The results indicate that the mixtures of perchloroethylene and benzene gave values for the LD50 which were slightly less than additive while perchloroethylene and toluene mixtures had LD50 values which could not be predicted by an additive model. PMID- 1129808 TI - A teratologic study with the dyes amaranth and Ponceau 4R in mice. AB - A teratology study on amaranth and Ponceau 4R was carried out in NMRI mice. The substances were given by gavage either from day 0 through day 7 or from day 6 through day 18 in doses of 7.5, 30 or 100 mg/kg. Distilled water was given by gavage to the control dams from day 0 through day 18. The foetuses were removed on day 18 for detailed examinations. No effect of treatment with the dyes could be observed with regard to number of implantations, frequency of foetal death and resorptions, gross malformations, skeletal or internal malformations or retarded growth as judged by foetal weight. The results are discussed with particular reference to the evaluation of teratologic studies on food colouring in general and the various regulation proposals from the National Food Administration. PMID- 1129809 TI - Protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity by pretreatment with methylmercury hydroxide. AB - Pretreatment of rats with methylmercury hydroxide (MMH) (15 mg/kg s.c. for 2 days) protected against hepatotoxicity due to the inhalation of CCl4 vapor (4800 6100 ppm for 2 h). This was evidenced by lessening of the changes due to CCl4 in liver glucose-6-phosphatase, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum isocitrate dehydrogenase and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase. Decreases in p-nitroanisole demethylation and cytochrome P-450 were also altered. Lipid peroxidation due to CCl4 was decreased by MMH. These biochemical indices of protection were supported by histopathological observations. These results lend further support to the concept that metabolism of CCl4 is necessary for its hepatoxicity. PMID- 1129810 TI - Long-term toxicity and reproduction studies with metaldehyde in rats. AB - Rats received 0, 200, 1000 and 5000 ppm metaldehyde in the diet for 2 years. Reproduction studies over three generations using the same dietary levels were carried out. In the third litter of each generation attention was paid to possible embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. The parameters studied included growth, food intake, behaviour and survival, haematology, clinical biochemistry, organ weight, histopathology, reproductive performance and teratogenicity. At 5000 ppm the relative liver weight was increased and this was accompanied by an increase in liver microsomal enzyme activity. The most striking observation was a dose-related development of posterior paralysis in females due to a transverse lesion of the spinal cord. The latency period was more than 550 days. Three rats with posterior paralysis showed a transverse lesion of the spinal cord. No significant histological damage to other organs was seen. The tumour incidence was not increased in any of the metaldehyde dosage groups. The reproduction study confirmed the findings of the long-term test. Posterior paralysis appeared in at least 50% of the females on 5000 ppm metaldehyde in all 3 generations. Some were affected at 1000 ppm but none at 200 ppm. Histologically, a fracture or distortion of thoracic vertebrae and subsequent compression of the spinal cord was found. The onset of paralysis was related to the time of delivery. The reproductive performance was susceptibility in this respect to metaldehyde. Apart from one male rat on 200 ppm with clinical posterior paralysis without transverse lesions in the spinal cord, this level was without toxic effects both in the long term and 3-generation reproduction study. PMID- 1129821 TI - The production and characteristics of a coral snake (Micrurus mipartitus Hertwigi) antivenin. PMID- 1129822 TI - Scorpion venom effects on succinate dehydrogenase activity of sheep tissues. PMID- 1129823 TI - Differences in honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom obtained by venom sac extraction and electrical milking. PMID- 1129824 TI - Payments to policyholders and beneficiaries exceed four billion dollars. PMID- 1129825 TI - Longevity of major league baseball players. PMID- 1129826 TI - Expectation of life in the United States at new high. PMID- 1129827 TI - Conversion of progesterone-1,2-3-H to 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione by brain tissue. AB - The presence of a 5beta-reductase acting to convert progesterone to 5beta pregnane-3,20-dione is described in the soluble 105,000 x g fraction of a preparation of dog cerebral cortex. The function of this enzymatic activity is obscure but may be important in regulation of sensorium. 5beta-pregnane compounds are potent depressors of the central nervous system. PMID- 1129828 TI - Steroid interference in iron-cholesterol reactions: a comparative study. AB - Interference from various physiological and non-physiological steroids in the spectrophotometric determination of cholesterol by the Zak method (ferric chloride) and the method of Parekh and Jung (ferric acetate) was quantitatively measured. Contribution of the steroids at the specific absorption maxima of the cholesterol assays was determined by employing the steroids (40 mg/dl) alone, or added to a serum pool of known cholesterol content. The results show that the method of Parekh and Jung is less influenced by the presence of steroids than the Zak method. Observations on the structural specificity of the iron-cholesterol reaction are discussed. PMID- 1129829 TI - Gas chromatography profile of estrogens: application to pregnancy urine. AB - A method for the simultaneous quantitation of 7 estrogens in pregnancy urine is described. It involves enzymatic hydrolysis extraction of free steroids, ion exchange column chromatography and quantitation of the trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography on OV 1. Data obtained from normal and twin pregnancies and from women with anencephalic fetus or intra uterine fetal death are analysed. The sensibility of the method is about 40 mug of each estrogen by liter of urine. PMID- 1129830 TI - Simplification of the methods for adding and removing glycerol during freeze preservation of human red blood cells with the high or low glycerol methods: biochemical modification prior to freezing. AB - Simple methods have been developed for adding and removing glycerol during freeze preservation with 20 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 150 C, or with 40 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 80 C. A one-step method with a 35 per cent W/V glycerol solution is used to prepare 20 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells, and a two-step method with a 57 per cent W/V glycerol solution is used to prepare 40 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells. The systems for washing glycerolized red blood cells have been simplified. This method consists of dilution of the thawed glycerolized red blood cells prior to recovery, followed by on-line dilution of these red blood cells with wash solutions during continuous flow centrifugation. This can be done in any of three commercially available washing systems, and they all use the same sodium chloride solutions. For the 40 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells, this process takes about 30 minutes and uses 2.2 to 3.2 liters of the sodium chloride solutions, whereas the 20 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells can be processed in about 20 minutes using 1.5 to 2.5 liters. After storage in CPD for three days at 4 C, red blood cells can be freeze-preserved with 40 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 80 C or with 20 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 150 C. When the thawed red blood cells are washed in the Fenwal Elutramatic, the IBM Blood Processor, or the Haemonetics Blood Processor and stored at 4 C in sodium chloride-glucose-phosphate for at least 24 hours before transfusion, they have excellent posttransfusion survival values and normal or slightly decreased oxygen transport function. Alternatively, these red blood cells can be rejuvenated before freeze-preservation so that their 2,3-DPG levels are increased and their affinity for oxygen is reduced. Red blood cells that are stored in CPD at 4 C for as long as 28 days can be rejuvenated with a solution containing pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine (PIGPA, Solution A) before freeze-preservation with 40 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 80 C. Any one of the above systems can be used to wash these red blood cells and they can be stored at 4 C in a sodium. PMID- 1129831 TI - Occurrence of granulocyte cytotoxins and agglutinins. AB - Granulocyte cytotoxic activity in sera from over 257 patients was shown to be distinct from HL-A lymphocytoxic activity. Granulocyte cytotoxins occur in approximately 25 per cent of sera from patients having leukemia, 45 per cent with aplastic anemia, 22 per cent with kidney disease on hemodialysis, and 19 per cent of pregnant women. By testing sera on the same panel of cells, the granulocyte cytotoxic activity was shown not to be associated with granulocyte agglutination activity or lymphocytotoxic acitivty. It is likely that granulocyte cytotoxins and granulocyte agglutinins will be useful in transfusion and bone marrow transplantation as a separate tool from the more widely used lymphocyte cytotoxicity reaction. PMID- 1129832 TI - Some observations on "Bombay" bloods, with comments on evidence for the existence of two different Oh phenotypes. AB - Bloods from three individuals, one each of the phenotypes Oh-A, Oh-B and Oh-O have been studied. The work of Dzierzkowa-Borodej, et al.-10 was confirmed when it was shown that all three samples of Oh red blood cells had increased I antigen strength. The i, Sd-a, Le-a and Le-x antigens were not found to be increased. Attempts were made to adsorb and elute anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B with the Oh red blood cells, using sera that contained high titered anti-I antibodies. This was done in the belief that previously reported positive results in such tests might be due to the high level of I on the Oh red blood cells, anti-I in the sera containing the ABO antibodies, and the Matuhasi-Ogata phenomenon. However, in no instance were we able to adsorb an ABO antibody onto the Oh red blood cells. Contrary to the report of others-10 the titers of anti-A, anti-B and anti-H in the sera of the three Oh individuals studied did not differ significantly. We suggest that the evidence from our findings and the work of others is sufficient to show that at least two forms of the Oh phenotype exist: one representing total suppression of H, A, and B antigens, and the other marked but not total suppression, with partial inhibition of antibody production. PMID- 1129833 TI - Compatibility of common intravenous solutions with CPD blood. AB - Blood anticoagulated with CPD was mixed with lactated Ringer's solution, 5 per cent aqueous dextrose, 5 per cent dextrose in 0.225 per cent saline, 5 per cent dextrose in 0.9 per cent saline, and 0.9 per cent saline solution in varying concentrations and incubated at room temperature and 37 C. Clots formed in the blood-lactated Ringer's mixture after five minutes at a citrate:calcium molar ratio of 4:1 or lower. Aqueous dextrose-blood mixtures showed immediate clumping with gross hemolysis after 30 minutes incubation. Blood mixed with 5 per cent dextrose and 0.225 per cent saline hemolyzed within ten minutes incubation at 37 C. No hemolysis occurred in blood mixed with 5 per cent dextrose in 0.9 per cent saline or with 0.9 per cent saline. Traces of solutions labeled with Evans blue dye remained in intravenous administration tubing even 30 minutes after a simulated transfusion was begun. Lactated Ringer's solution and 5 per cent dextrose in 0.225 per cent saline should not be administered concurrently with blood. Lactated Ringer's solution may also be harmful when used to start transfusions as it rapidly produces clots when mixed with CPD blood. PMID- 1129834 TI - Successful transfusion of Chido-positive blood to two patients with anti-Chido. AB - Two cases are described in this report in which patients with anti-Chido in the serum were transfused with Chido-positive blood. Since there was evidence of normal survival of the transfused red blood cells, these findings do not support a suggestion that patients with anti-Chido may require transfusion with Chido negative blood. In spite of the apparently normal survival of the Chido-positive blood, a previous report in which it was shown that weakly Chido-positive blood can stimulate the production of anti-Chido was confirmed. PMID- 1129835 TI - Observations on the Gy-a and Hy antigens and the antibodies that define them. AB - Two high frequency antigens, Hy (Holley) and Gy-a (Gregory), show an apparent association. All individuals lacking Gy-a are whites and these individuals are Hy negative. A second group of Hy-negative individuals are blacks. All of these react weakly with anti-Gy-a. Neither Gy-a nor Hy are well developed on cord cells, although antibodies to both factors have been stimulated by pregnancy. Anti-Gy-a and anti-Hy antibodies react best in the antihuman globulin test. These antibodies have low avidity, high titers, and have been implicated as causing transfusion reactions. PMID- 1129836 TI - Attitudes underlying reluctance to donate blood. AB - Attitudes underlying reluctance to donate blood were examined in two samples, college and general public, by means of direct and indirect questionnaires. Results were highly consistent across samples and sexes, and indicated that personal and emotional concerns, such as fear of the needle, fear of the sight of blood, fear of dizziness, inconvenience, and possibly ill effects on health, contribute more heavily to reluctance than people can (or will) recognize. Forthright handling of these fears and concerns by blood collection agencies is advocated. PMID- 1129837 TI - A computer-based frozen blood inventory and information system. AB - A computer-based, time-sharing data processing system was developed to assist in maintaining information regarding units of red blood cells frozen for eventual transfusion. An automated system has been programmed to compile and retrieve data concerning stored units, prepare shipping documents as required, and maintain transfusion records in a retrievable manner for thawed or shipped units. Requests for frozen red blood cells are processed through this system. Units are selected by the computer to meet requirements specified by the operator of a keyboard terminal. These requirements include method of cryopreservation, specific antigenic characteristics required, and the number of units requested. The computer prints out on the keyboard terminal the units meeting the requirements and the keyboard operator then indicates to the computer the name of the requesting facility, if these units are to be shipped. This input initiates a programmed routine that generates a shipping invoice and a new file for these units in a permanent transfusion record which can by acessed by either donor number or the frozen blood cell code. PMID- 1129838 TI - Should blood banks become organ banks? PMID- 1129839 TI - The development of a recruiting-drawing-inventory model for a community blood bank system. AB - A community blood bank system is a multiorganizational program that is designed to supply the blood needs of a community. Participating in such a program are hospitals, a central blood bank, industrial donor groups, the American Red Cross, advisory committees, and the community at large. The underlying determinant of the community's success or failure with its blood program is the degree of cooperation among the various organizations. Intertwined with organizational considerations are the management problems associated with the operation of a responsive and efficient inventory control system. This paper reports on the development of a system for a community blood bank that is in its third year of operation. The system that has been developed can be operated manually by a part time clerk. Details of the model include an integration of the donor scheduling function and the inventory control function. Simulated testing of the model has been conducted and full-scale implementation is awaiting the expansion of the known donor base. PMID- 1129840 TI - Letter: Red blood cell transfusions. PMID- 1129841 TI - Immune response against apparently host-compatible transplantable tumors. PMID- 1129842 TI - Basic structure of mouse histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 1129843 TI - Chemical structure of paraproteins of myelomas. PMID- 1129844 TI - The role of alloantibodies on in vivo growth of allografted tumor. PMID- 1129845 TI - Comparative immunotherapeutic effect of concanavalin A and neuraminidase-treated cancer cells. PMID- 1129846 TI - A possible role for cross-reacting antigens in conditioning immunological surveillance mechanisms in cancer and transplantation. II. Prospective studies of altered cellular immune reactivity in cancer patients. PMID- 1129848 TI - Editorial: Tropical medicine in developing countries. PMID- 1129847 TI - Tumor-associated antigens. PMID- 1129849 TI - Hookworm infection and anaemia. PMID- 1129850 TI - External herniae: ventral herniae and summary. AB - 1. In three articles, inguinal, femoral, and ventral herniae have been discussed, one of the aims being to draw the attention of those who are new to surgery in the tropics to some of the things the author thought were peculiar to these herniae. Experiences in the 1,100-bed Korle Bu Hospital, Accra, where a retrospective survey showed that 609 external herniaw were mended in 15 months, formed the basis of the discussions. 2. The applied anatomy of the inguinal canal of adult Ghanaians was described. Three things were pointed out: the infantile type of inguinal hernia was the rule not the exception; the floor and the conjoint tendon were well developed and useful for repair; the pubic branch of the inferior epigastric artery was normal not aberrant. 3. IN Accra inguinal herniae are big and a man's disease. The differential diagnosis of scrotal hernia includes vaginal hydrocele, scrotal elephantiasis, testicular tumours, and tuberculous epididymoorchitis. A case was made in favour of differentiating between direct and indirect inguinal herniae preoperatively. 4. Elective herniorrhaphy was recommended as the treatment of choice and operative techniques were described. The suture material to employ for the Bassini repair must be non absorbable, e.g. silk or nylon. Whereas herniotomy is adequate in children, in women herniorrhaphy is combined with clearance and obliteration of the inguinal canal. 5. The author did not recommend a truss for an inguinal let alone a femoral hernia. There is suggestive evidence that even in the tropics a man's hernia could be safely repaired on an out-patient basis. 6. Since femoral hernia is rare, it was recommended that in the interest of the patients, skillful surgeons should repair them. 7. The surgical anatomy of the femoral canal, and clinical features of femoral hernia were described. The differential diagnosis included inguinal hernia, abscesses in the groin, hydrocele of the femoral canal, saphena varix, lymphadenopathy, simple tumours and aneurysm of the femoral artery. 8. The treatment of choic is a surgical operation of which three were named and one described ("the low" operation of Lockwood). Recurrence is rare... PMID- 1129851 TI - Urethral stricture: the management of chronic complications. PMID- 1129852 TI - Use of diazepam in surgical practice in an up-country hospital. PMID- 1129853 TI - The management of endemic (non-filarial) elecphantiasis of the lower legs. PMID- 1129854 TI - Cervical cytology in a developing country. PMID- 1129855 TI - Health and society in Amazonian Peru. AB - During his work in a jungle hospital of the Amazonian part of Peru, the author was able to study the health care delivery system in the area. He was impressed by its inadequacy, which seemed to be due less to medical, technological, and manpower deficiencies than to social and economic factors. An attempt is made to identify and classify these constraints. A systems view of the health care insufficiencies is outlined, showing how some barriers prevent the patient from making contact with the health system (input level), how others interfere with its working (processor level), while others limit the efficiency of its actions (output level). Finally, some measures for its improvement are considered. PMID- 1129856 TI - Cost-effectiveness and drug therapy. PMID- 1129857 TI - [Ultrastructural and functional expression of the hepatocyte genome in conditions of prolonged inhibition of protein biosynthesis with cycloheximide. II]. AB - The correlation of changes in sedimentary properties of polysome preparation and ultrastructure of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum in the rat liver cells was found in dynamics of the protein biosynthesis inhibition by cycloheximide (CH1). In particular, 6 hrs after CHI introduction the greatest fragmentation of the reticulum is accompanied by the greatest destruction of polysomes; however at the end of the 24-hour period a tendency is observed to restore the studied components of the protein synthesis system. PMID- 1129858 TI - [Kinetics of protein metabolism in the thoracic duct wall. II]. AB - Endothelial, muscular cells and fibroblasts of the albino rat thoracic duct show a great similarity in localization and functioning intensity of the protein synthesing apparatus. The main by the mass of production protein syntheses occur in cytoplasm. The nucleus is also of great importance in protein production: a relatively high level of proteinosynthesis is registered radioautographically in it. PMID- 1129859 TI - [The nervous system and the genetic apparatus of cells]. AB - Electric stimulation of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus results in intensification of RNA synthesis in rat brain. Content of acid proteins and RNA in liver and brain chromatin of geese changes in the period of sexual activity controlled by hypothalamus. With long introduction of hydrocortisone content of non-histone proteins of chromatine and RNA as well as total content of RNA in rat liver cells increases. These and other facts confirm the supposition that the central nervous system has an influence on the function of organs and tissues by means of genetical apparatus of cells. PMID- 1129860 TI - [Species characteristics of sperm morphology in representatives of the Carnivora order in relation to their hybridization]. AB - Spermium morphology was studied in 7 species of Carnivora representatives. Their clear distinctions reflecting genetic relations between certain species of animals in the zoological series are established. Genetical determination of the spermium morphology is confirmed by the data of the hybridization analysis. PMID- 1129861 TI - [Classification of condensed structures of chromatin in interphase nuclei]. AB - A new classification of condensed structures is suggested based on the analysis of modern data and ideas of the structure and functional transformations of chromosomes in cells of eucaryotes for the cellular cycle under conditions of individual and historical development. PMID- 1129862 TI - [Stereoscopic study of chromosome arrangement in the cell cycle. II]. AB - The results obtained testify to the dependence of the interpretation of the interphase nucleus structure on the nucleus axis orientation respective to preparation plane. Variations in arrangement of nucleolus and perinucleolar vacuole with respect to the achromatic pole and centromeric ring are demonstrated. PMID- 1129863 TI - Torsion of spermatic cord in neonate. AB - Torsion of the spermatic cord in the neonate should no longer be considered a clinical rarity. Effectual diagnosis is totally dependent on prompt detection of an asymptomatic, irreducible scrotal swelling that fails to transilluminate. Immediate surgical exploration is indicated. Detorsion and careful inspection for signs of circulatory return should be undertaken in every case. Frankly necrotic testes should probably be removed, but conservation of testicular tissue is otherwise strongly recommended, even in the borderline cases. After detorsion testis must be firmly fixed in proper position. Prophylactic contralateral orchiopexy appears to be advisable, unless a congenital hydrocele intervenes. Most importantly, to avert the grim prognosis this condition bears, we must continually alert our colleagues responsible for neonatal care to the possibility of torsion of the spermatic cord in the immediate postpartum examination of every newborn male infant. PMID- 1129864 TI - Extracorporeal renal surgery. Work bench surgery. AB - In cases in which renal repair through conventional in situ surgery is not possible, we have proceeded to remove the organ outside of the human body and placed in on a work bench where exsitu repair is aided by microsurgery, x-ray films, and image amplifiers. In most cases the damaged kidney has recovered its function and a grave problem has been solved. Extracorporeal surgery means a new tactical solution to extreme situations. PMID- 1129865 TI - Radon in treatment of infiltrating carcinoma of urinary bladder. AB - Shown here are the results from the use of radon in the treatment of 146 patients with infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder. Ninety-four per cent of the tumors had invaded the muscle of the bladder; 54 per cent were Stage B2 or worse. Ninety per cent of the radon implantations were done cystoscopically. Twenty-one per cent of the patients survived five years or longer, free of recurrence. An additional 8 per cent were cured by follow-up treatment of recurrences. Complications and morbidity are minimal. Survival results compare favorably with more dangerous and debilitating methods of treatment. PMID- 1129866 TI - Priapism in boys. Management with cavernosaphenous shunt. AB - Two children with priapism are presented; one case was secondary to trauma and the other was idiopathic in nature. Both boys were effectively treated by bilateral corporosaphenous shunts. The mechanism of normal erection and the pathophysiology of priapism are discussed. PMID- 1129867 TI - Surgical correction of lateral curvature of penis. PMID- 1129868 TI - Metastatic carcinoma of penis complicated by hypercalcemia. AB - A fifty-three-year-old man with epidermoid carcinoma of the penis metastatic to the right inguinal lymph nodes and adjacent areas was found to have persistent hypercalcemia. Associated with this biochemical abnormality was an elevated parathormone activity in the absence of any bony metastases. Other than a transient response to furosemide-inducded diuresis he was refractory to treatment with oral inorganic phosphates and mithramycin. Ablation of the primary tumor did not affect his hypercalcemia. However, when therapy using external irradiation and parenteral bleomycin was directed to the metastases, his serum calcium stabilized and became normal and remained so until further progression of his humor. We postulate that the penile cancer metastases were elaborating parathyroid hormone-like substances responsible for the hypercalcemia and suppression of normal parathyroid activity. PMID- 1129869 TI - Periureteral extension of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 1129870 TI - Treatment of retrograde ejaculation with brompheniramine. AB - The retrograde ejaculation experienced by a juvenile diabetic man was successfully treated with brompheniramine, a drug having antihistaminic and anticholinergic properties. A possible mechanism of action is suggested. PMID- 1129871 TI - Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in patients on hemodialysis. AB - Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage is a rare complication in patients on hemodialysis. Two cases of this condition are described. The diagnosis was confirmed by selective renal arteriogram, and exploration and nephrectomy was the treatment of choice. PMID- 1129872 TI - Infected hydrocele in neonate. AB - A case of infected hydrocele associated with epididymal microabscess in a neonate is presented. Only 1 similar case is described and that was asssociated with a ruptured appendix. Attention is called to the unusual cause in this case, and emphasis is placed on the need for hospitalization and surgical exploration in cases of scrotal pathology in infants. PMID- 1129873 TI - Varicocele and renal tumor on right side. PMID- 1129874 TI - "Reeducation" of urethral sphincter mechanism in postprostatectomy incontinence. PMID- 1129875 TI - Infusion urethrography. PMID- 1129876 TI - Adenocarcinoma of kidney implicated by urinary cytologic study. AB - Adenocarcinoma of the kidney in children and adolescents is believed to be a rare disease. Although only 57 cases 1,2 have been described in the world literature, many others, no doubt, have occurred and have not been reported. Herein reported is an unusual case of a very small neoplasm in which urinary cytologic study aided in the diagnosis. PMID- 1129877 TI - Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome. Urologist's view. AB - Two patients had hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with hematuria. Characteristic telangiectasia was demonstrated in the bladder, prostate, and prostatic urethra of 1 patient; the other had a bladder tumor. Pathophysiologic aspects and treatment of the syndrome are discussed. Hematuria in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia demands urologic investigation to rule out the common causes of urinary tract bleeding; conversely, this disease should be included among possible diagnoses in patients with hematuria of obscure origin. PMID- 1129878 TI - Fibroepithelial polyps of ureter. A benign ureteral tumor. AB - The authors believe that it is difficult to differentiate benign from malignant ureteral tumors unless the clinical course or cytologic diagnostics are grossly positive. Therefore, they are of the opinion that unless one's index of suspicion is low, treatment of ureteral tumors should be aggressive unless benignancy is assured. A case in point is reported, and 49 cases of nonepithelial polyps found in the literature are reviewed. PMID- 1129879 TI - Transitional cell papilloma of ureter in young boy. AB - A case of transitional cell papilloma of the ureter is reported in a seven-year old boy who had a history of severe flank pain and was found to have hydronephrosis of the left kidney. A brief review of the literature has revealed that transitional cell papilloma of the ureter is extremely rare in children. PMID- 1129880 TI - Adrenal myelolipoma. AB - A myelolipoma of the adrenal gland is reported. Diagnostic features include (1) hyperlucent mass on intravenous pyelography with renal displacement, (2) an avascular mass on arteriography and venography, (3) solid tissue mass on B-mode ultrasonography, and (4) no clinical or chemical evidence of adrenal hyperfunction. PMID- 1129881 TI - Infarction of testicle and Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The first case of clinical involvement and infarction of the testes caused the Schistosoma mansoni is reported. Although a rare rhenomenon, one must consider this in the differential diagnosis of testicular disease in patients who have resided in endemic areas of S. mansoni. PMID- 1129882 TI - Case profile of the month. Hydronephrosis. PMID- 1129883 TI - Renal pseudotumor. Importance of selective arteriogram. AB - A typical case of hypertrophy of the columns of Bertin is presented, with special consideration given the importance of the selective renal arteriogram which is, in our experience, the only diagnostic procedure of accuracy. With this in mind we have avoided renal exploration. The embryogenic origin of this entity is reviewed. PMID- 1129884 TI - Adrenal cyst. PMID- 1129885 TI - Cystometry. (2). Central nervous system organization of detrusor reflex. AB - Micturition is a brain stem reflex dependent on the integrity of reticulospinal and sensory pathways in a manner similar to respiration and blood pressure regulation. The detrusor reflex which is evoked by bladder distention and may appear in the normal cystometrogram is a result of the integrity of the circuit. Interruption of the spinal cord pathways of this loop by trauma or by spinal cord tumors results in abolition of detrusor reflex. Partial interruption results in an uninhibited detrusor reflex. PMID- 1129886 TI - Ureteroileosigmoidostomy. Long-term results. AB - Ureteroileosigmoidostomy has been performed on 86 patients during the past twenty years, primarily for carcinoma of the bladder. Twenty-seven patients survived longer than five years. Severe complications occurred in 25 cases, and 11 per cent of the series required subsequent surgery. Hydronephrosis developed in 10 per cent. Ureteral reflux could be demonstrated by diatrizoate meglumine (Gastrografin) enema in 6 patients only. PMID- 1129887 TI - Posterior approach to the kidney. AB - We describe a posterior approach to surgery involving the renal pelvis or upper ureter which is quicker, more direct, and considerably less mutilating than the standard flank incision. Our five years' experience with this technique is summarized. PMID- 1129888 TI - Observations on interstitial cystitis. AB - Interstitial cystitis is more common in young women than previously believed. Findings typical of the disease are a history of diurnal and nocturnal pollakiuria, pelvic discomfort increases with bladder distention, marked bladder tenderness on gentle palpation of the anterior later vaginal fornices, less than normal bladder capacity, and a negative urinalysis except for many epithelial cells. PMID- 1129889 TI - Ephedrine in treatment of urinary incontinence. AB - Patients with urinary incontinence caused by various urologic disorders were evaluated and treated with oral ephedrine sulfate. The drug was found to improve continence in those patients with mild degrees of wetting due to urethral dysfunction regardless of cause. The failures occurred in severely damaged posterior urethras or denervated bladders and urogenital diaphragms. PMID- 1129890 TI - Ureteroduodenal fistula. AB - A patient with pneumaturia was found to have a ureteroduodenal fistula, only the fourth such lesion reported. However, this patient is unique in that a fistula developed between the stump of a ureter and the duodenum in the absence of a kidney on that side. This case was namaged with a distal skin ureterostomy, thereby avoiding extremely hazardous surgery in the area of the duodenum. This successful conservative managemant offers a sharp contrast to the recommended management of reno-alimentary fistulas. The possible cause in this case based on roentgenographic analysis is discussed. PMID- 1129891 TI - Emphysema of male genitalia following hemorrhoidectomy. AB - This is a case report of genital emphysema following a hemorrhoidectomy. The case resolved itself spontaneously without surgery or antibiotics. PMID- 1129892 TI - Adenocarcinoma of kidney in a child. Tumor rupture following trauma. AB - A ten-year-old white girl with Stage I clear cell adenocarcinoma of the kidney was seen after local trauma had produced a renal laceration with rupture of the tumor. She was treated with nephrectomy followed by a second exploration several months later. No adjunctive therapy was used. PMID- 1129893 TI - Carcinoma in isolated bladder after ileoconduit diversion. AB - A thirty-six-year-old Caucasian male paraplegic of sixteen years' duration, who was found to have carcinoma of the bladder about twenty-three months after an ileoconduit diversion had been performed for decompensated neurogenic bladder is presented. Chronic infection and residual urine may irritate or accelerate the process of neoplastic change in transitional epithelium. Obviously the supravesical diversion of urine in this patient did not avoid the occurrence of cancer. A plea is made for periodic checks using bladder exfoliative cytology and cystoscopy of the isolated bladder for early detection of vesical neoplasm. PMID- 1129894 TI - Malignant lymphoma with genitourinary symptoms. AB - Two cases are reported of patients with widespread intra-abdominal malignant lymphoma who althoug they initially presented with urologic complaints had no evidence of direct genitourinary involvement. Transrectal biopsy established the diagnosis in both cases. This unusual presentation of lymphoma is discussed together with a review of urologic involvement. The necessity for accurate diagnosis is stressed since effective treatment with radiation and chemotherapy is available. PMID- 1129895 TI - Urologic trauma by compressed gas. AB - A case of urologic trauma by compressed gas is reported. Emergency treatment consisting of surgical exploration of the peritoneum and cystostomy was required. Subsequently, the stricture which caused the trauma was treated. PMID- 1129896 TI - A simplified repair of parastomal and substomal conduit complications. PMID- 1129897 TI - Ideal penile dressing. PMID- 1129898 TI - Bladder diverticulectomy and wide-mouthed diverticula. PMID- 1129899 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of prostate. PMID- 1129900 TI - Inverted papilloma of bladder. AB - The fifth reported case of a rare variant of transitional papillary tumor of the bladder termed inverted papilloma is reported with a brief review of the literature. This tumor is likely to be confused with invasive malignant papillary carcinoma although it has adistinct histologic pattern, and it is for this reason that attention is drawn to the entity. PMID- 1129901 TI - Adrenocortical neoplasms. Prognosis and morphology. AB - The clinical data and morphologic findings in 16 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma were compared with those in 11 cases of surgically removed functional adenomas and 12 cases of nonfunctional adenomas found at autopsy. Histopathologic changes of architectural disarray, pleomorphism, increased mitotic activity, vascular invasion, hemorrhage, or necrosis were generally reliable criteria for diagnosis of malignancy. However, weight was the parameter that most consistently correlated with outcome, since all patients with tumors under 50 Gm. survived and all lesions of 95 Gm. or over proved to be malignant. PMID- 1129902 TI - Intratesticular epidermoid cyst. A rare benign tumor. AB - Epidermoid cysts rarely arise within the testis. The incidental discovery of a distinct, intratesticular epidermoid cyst in a nineteen-year-old man is reported. Management by radical orchiectomy is stressed because grossly the tumor is indistinguishable from a malignant testicular tumor. PMID- 1129903 TI - Renal ectopia and fusion. Embryologic Basis. AB - To determine when horseshoe kidneys and crossed fused ectopic kidneys might develop, the authors studied the Carnegie collection of human embryos. They found that renal fusion must occur before the kidneys ascend between the umbilical arteries. PMID- 1129904 TI - Case profile of the month. PMID- 1129905 TI - Uncomplicated hypospadias and anomalies of upper urinary tract. Need for screening? AB - In a series of 200 patients with uncomplicated hypospadias, 6 (3 per cent) had an anomaly of the upper urinary tract. However, even this low figure is an overestimate of the usefulness of the intravenous pyelogram as a screening procedure since none of the patients has had related symptoms and none has required treatment for his anomaly. The implication of this review is that the intravenous urogram is not a necessary part of the evaluation, for management purposes, of the asymptomatic patient with uncomplicated hypospadias. Occasionally, some interesting information may be obtained. PMID- 1129907 TI - Organizations in otoryngology: how they affect the young otolaryngologist. PMID- 1129906 TI - Concerns of young otolaryngolists. Resident education. PMID- 1129908 TI - Practice restrictions on young otolaryngologist: results of a survey. PMID- 1129909 TI - Panel discussion: Image of otolaryngology. Introduction. PMID- 1129910 TI - Reflections on the image of otolaryngology to third-party payers and federal agencies. PMID- 1129912 TI - Image of otolaryngology. As seen by the lay public. PMID- 1129911 TI - Image of otolaryngology. As others in medicine see us. PMID- 1129913 TI - Myths in medicine. PMID- 1129914 TI - Silicone rubber drain in head and neck surgery. PMID- 1129915 TI - Caldwell Luc self-retaining retractor. PMID- 1129916 TI - ENT surgical suction instruments. PMID- 1129917 TI - Fiberoptic mouthgag for adenotonsillectomy. PMID- 1129918 TI - New instrument for application of wires in maxillofacial surgery. PMID- 1129919 TI - Editorial: involvement in salmonellosis. PMID- 1129920 TI - Spindle-cell sarcoma of the equine para-nasal sinuses and nasal chamber. AB - A case of spindle cell sarcoma of the equine para-nasal sinuses is described and discussd in relation to similar tumours recorded in the literature. PMID- 1129921 TI - A case of intervertebral disc degeneration and prolapse with spondylosis in a sheep. PMID- 1129922 TI - Correspondence: Wealth tax awareness. PMID- 1129923 TI - Letter: Fluke in cattle. PMID- 1129924 TI - Letter: Assessing immune status in calves. PMID- 1129925 TI - Letter: Employers have problems, too. PMID- 1129926 TI - Letter: Mumps in the dog. PMID- 1129927 TI - Editorial:: Fat lazy cats and FUS. PMID- 1129928 TI - Practitioners'--breeders' approach to canine parturition. AB - Both veterinary surgeon and dog breeder should be involved in assessing the whelping capability of brood bitches as one essential point in the selection of sound stock. Normal parturition is described in a manner that might be used in the instruction of breeders and nursing auxiliaries in midwifery. In its classical three stages, the mechanics and hydraulics are explained in simple terms and the hormonal changes discussed in relation to each stage. The type of co-operation desired between veterinary surgeon and breeder is discussed and the instruction to be given on the recognition of dystocia is outlined. Some commonly met dystocias are described. Simple digitally-assisted delivery by the midwife/breeder is described as are the forceps techniques which may be applied by the veterinary surgeon in the course of diagnosis and delivery. PMID- 1129929 TI - Accidental hypothermia during anaesthesia in dogs and cats. AB - The rectal temperature of 15 cats and 18 dogs was recoded during anaesthesia and surgery. There was a mean decrease of 3-4 degrees C in animals weighing less than 10kg and of 1-5 degrees C in animals weighing on average 30-2kg. In four dogs which were protected from accidental hypothermia by the use of a circulating warm water blanket, the mean decrease in rectal temperature was 0-5 degrees C. PMID- 1129930 TI - Hemivertebra in the dog: clinical and pathological observations. AB - The clinical and radiographic findings associated with the presence of hemivertebra ("wedge-shaped"vertebra) in small and brachycephalic breeds of dogs are reported together with the results of post mortem examination in the availabel cases. The condition is characterised clinically by progressive hind leg weakness, spinal pain, abnormalities of the nervous system and evidence of muscle atrophy or other abnormalities of conformation. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is by radiography. It is suggested that the condition is congenital in origin. Breed incidences are reported. The occurrence of the disorder in certain families of dogs suggests also that it may be hereditary. Other congenital abnormalities are seen in some dogs affected by hemivertebrae. PMID- 1129931 TI - Letter: Hermaphrodism in a Shetland sheepdog. PMID- 1129933 TI - Letter: Aspergillus infection of the nasal cavity of the dog. PMID- 1129932 TI - Letter: Pancreatic deficiency in the cat. PMID- 1129934 TI - Letter: Uterine prolapse in the mare. PMID- 1129935 TI - [Chronic zinc-bacitracin toxicity in chickens]. AB - The administration of zink-bacitracin, mainly bacipharmin, at rates of 300 mg per kg with the feed did not produce toxic effects in birds: there were no changes in the general condition and the blood picture, the activity of SGPT and SGOT, the blood level of sugar, and the microstructure of the viscera over a period of 90 days. However, doses of 1000 mg/kg of the preparation given with the feed to chickens led to sporadic cases of slightly expressed karyopycnosis in the renal tubules. Established was a growth-stimulating effect. By the end of the experimental period the relaive weight of the adrenal glands, kidneys, liver, and heart in the treated birds was lower in most of the cases as compared with the weight of the same organs in the control birds. PMID- 1129936 TI - [Determination of biologically active protein fractions and their polypeptide chains in pseudoplague virus (NDV)]. AB - The protein fractions of the intact Newcastle disease virus as well as those of a disintegrated NDV (treatment with tween 80, ether and triton times 100) were separated through electrophoresis on polyacrylamid gel. Determined were the biologic activity, molecular weight and number of polypeptid chains of each fraction. It was found that 5 of the fractions obtained are composed of aggregates of 3 polypeptid chains, and 2 of the fractions represent single polypeptide chains. The haemagglutination and neuraminidase activity of the virus were found to be linked with the aggregates having molecular weight within the range of from 144,000 to 180,000 daltons. The complement-fixing activity observed is possessed by the single polypeptid having molecular weight of 62,000 daltons. It was demonstrated that the NDV strain that is not pathogenic for birds possesses a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 70,000 daltons, at is is not involved in the building of the protein aggregates. PMID- 1129937 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of the udder in healthy cows and in those with subclinical mastitis]. AB - Studied were the values of 26 linear measurements of the udder in 50 normal cows and in 50 cows affected with subclinical mastitis, the animals used being of the Bulgarian Brown breed. A total of 19 indexes were established for each group. PMID- 1129938 TI - [Epiphysiolysis in cattle]. AB - Rentgenologically and clinically established cases of epiphysiolysis and apophysiolysis are described. They are observed primarily in cattle aged from 7- 8 months to three years. Highest percentage of epiphysiolysis cases has been established with the distal epiphysis of the metatarsal bones (82.6%), and a negligible one has been observed (3 cases) in the distal epiphysis of the metacarpal bones. A single case has been established in the distal part of the tibia. The case of apophysiolysis concern the apophysis of the heel processus, tuber calcanei. Contributing factors are said to be the mechanical and traumatic influences, and predisposing ones are the distrubances in the bone-formation processes. PMID- 1129939 TI - [Administration of streptomycin to the uterus by electrophoresis]. AB - Comparative experimental studies on female dogs and rabbits revealed the extent to which the penetration and deposition of streptomycin in the tissues of the uterus, oviducts, mesometrium, ovaries, the blood serum and other organs take place. The antibiotic is applied i/m, via the uterus through electrohoresis following a method developed by the authors and through simple introduction into the uterus. Results have shown that the electrophoretic introduction of streptomycin is advantageous in terms of a readily achieved depot in the tissues mentioned above which remains active at values above the therapeutic concentrations 24 to 48 hours following the application of the antibiotic. PMID- 1129940 TI - [Bacterial contamination of salted ocean mackerel during the production process]. AB - Studied were the more important sources of bacterial contamination. Examined were the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scomburs) -- both its skin surface and the musculature prior to and after thawing, cleaning and washing and salting. Tested were also the cooking salt used, the brine, the conveyer bands, the vats for salting, the hands and clothing of the workers engaged as well as the water in the shop. The microbiologic study concerned the total bacterial count per gram of tissue (1 cu. cm, 1 squ. cm), the counts of coliforms, bacilli, moulds, yeasts, Salmonellae, and pathogenic staphylococci. It was found that during processing the microbial contamination of fish considerably rises. Some more important sources of primary microflora are the raw fish, the salt, brine, conveyers, and the workers' hands and overalls. The vats for salting and the water rank second as bacterial sources. Salmonellae and pathogenic staphylococci were not isolated. A considerable rise in fish microflora was observed during the process of thawing. Some changes are suggested for the technology of thawing as well as some measures to improve the sanitary and hygiene requirements to be observed during the production process. PMID- 1129941 TI - (Vitamin B-12 in ground meat) AB - Studied was the vitamin B12 activity of minced meat obtained under productional conditions from freshly cooled (24 hours after slaughter) veal and pork. It was found that the vitamin B12 content of the minced meat one hour after it had been obtained varied within the range of 0.0373 to 0.0432 micrograms per 100 g of dry matter. Later in the production process its activity turned out to be closely related to the temperature and period of storage as well as to the microbial content of meat. Cyanocobalamin is said to be the fraction that is most often established in mined meat, and very rarely some other fractions are found, such as Factor I (B12--Factor III). PMID- 1129942 TI - [A comparative study of the anti-anemic effect of new Bulgarian iron-dextran complexes with miofer-100 and ferroglucin-75 in rats and swine]. AB - It was found that the A-100 preparation (obtained from oxidized dextrane) produces highest antianaemic effects. It is to be used advantageously in cases of pigs born with negligible supplies of irod. Studied were the possibilities of inducing iron deficiency anemia in young rats through feeding with cow milk and macaroni having no eggs. The reticulocyte count rise and the drop in the haemoglobin level in the blood were shown to demonstrate most clearly the iron deficiency anaemia in albino rats. The anemia induced is said to be instrumental in the study of ferrodextrane preparations. PMID- 1129943 TI - [Characteristics of staphylococci isolated from slaughtered birds]. AB - Studied were some biologic properties of 76 strains of staphylococci isolated from slaughtered chickens. It was established that coagulase-positive staphylococci posses the basic properties of Staphylococcus aureus--they ferment mannite and glucose, can produce phosphatase, desoxyribonuclease, and hemolysines. By some of their properties -- type of hemolysines, coagulation of sheep and bovine plasta, production of fibrolysines, type of colonies as established by means of the crystal-violet test -- staphylococcus cultures isolated from slaughtered poultry differ from isolated from human beings, cattle and sheep. Besides, the studied strains of Staphylococcus aureus are lysed to a very low percent by the phages of the bovine set and the phages for typing the staphylococci, isolated from humans. It may be assumed that the staphylococci occasionally found in birds can form a special group that require further studies. PMID- 1129944 TI - [The pathogenesis of swine plague. The hepato-cerebral syndrome]. AB - A total of 106 pigs were artificially infected with a pathogenic virus of swine fever band were later on killed at the time they had developed a characteristic clinical picture of acute fever. The post-mortem examination revealed that in sixteen animals there was equally expressed hemorrhagic diathesis, five of which had clinical icterus, five manifested subclinical icterus, and six showed no icterus. Histophathologic study was performed of the liver, the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. A correlation was found to exist between the extent to which the lesions had spread in the liver and the cerebrum, especially in the cases manifesting icterus (both clinical and subclinical). It gave grounds to assume that in animals affected with swine fever there exists the so-called cerebrum syndrome as described in the case of some other diseases. PMID- 1129945 TI - [Sheep placenta water-soluble proteins]. AB - Immunoelectrophoretic investigations were carried out with water-sault extractions from the placentae of 100 in-lamb ewes manifesting normal pregnancy, studying 20 animals during each month of pregnancy. The placentae were taken immediately after slaughter. The same investigations were performed also on a total of 40 placentae of ewes that had miscarried. Precipitation was carried out with hyperimmune sera against placental protein of the first and fifth month of pregnancy. Results showed that the placenta can synthetize proteins. In the first two months of pregnancy protein synthesis is at a lower stage, but in the 3rd, 4th and 5th month it becomes more intense. Each month's proteins are characterized by a specific immunoelectrophoretic picture. At the end of the first month as many as four fractions are established electrophoretically in the placental proteins, which, by the end of the pregnancy period rise up to ten. In the course of pregnancy, along with the organospecific proteins stage-specific ones are also synthetized. These can be demonstrated through active anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Abortions in ewes are said to disturb the normal synthesis of proteins. The "immunoelectrophoregrams" of ewes that have miscarried in the 3rd, 4th and 5th month of pregnancy reveal the drop in the intensity of the albumin fraction and the number of arcs (from 10 to 5) in the section of the alpha, beta and gamma globulins. PMID- 1129946 TI - Replication of tobacco mosaic virus RNA in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts inoculated in vitro. PMID- 1129947 TI - Regulation of early gene expression in bacteriophage lambda: effect of tof mutation on strand-specific transcriptions. PMID- 1129948 TI - Genetic analysis of the tof gene in the bacteriophage lambda genome. PMID- 1129949 TI - Localization of adenovirus DNA replication in KB cells. PMID- 1129950 TI - CO2 effects on local-lesion production by tobacco mosaic virus and turnip mosaic virus. PMID- 1129951 TI - Synthesis of tobacco mosaic virus in intact tobacco leaves systemically inoculated by differential temperature treatment. PMID- 1129952 TI - The inhibitory action of mineral oil on the number of local lesions on Nicotiana glutinosa L. leaves inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus. PMID- 1129953 TI - Quantity of microinjected tobacco mosaic virus required for infection of single cultured tobacco cells. PMID- 1129954 TI - Selection of temperature-sensitive mutants of tobacco mosaic virus by lesion morphology. PMID- 1129955 TI - Intensity functions of the early receptor potential and of the melanin fast photovoltage in the human eye. PMID- 1129956 TI - Wavelength sensitivity of the two components of the early receptor potential (ERP) of the human eye. PMID- 1129957 TI - Flash bleaching of visual pigments in man investigated by early receptor potential recording. PMID- 1129958 TI - Visual movement aftereffect: evidence for independent adaptation to moving target and stationary surround. PMID- 1129959 TI - [Dioptrics of the eyes of some polychaete annelids]. PMID- 1129960 TI - Suprathreshold intensity--area relationships: a spatial Broca-sulzer effect. PMID- 1129961 TI - Letter: Saccadic velocities determined by a new perceptual method. PMID- 1129962 TI - [Letter: Effect of varying refractory power of glasses with sliding optical action on the contrast sensitivity of the eye]. PMID- 1129963 TI - Letter: Color selectivity and interocular transfer of color specific tilt aftereffects. PMID- 1129964 TI - Minimum separable as a function of speed of a moving object. PMID- 1129965 TI - A simple technique using an optomotor response for visual psychophysical measurements in animals. PMID- 1129966 TI - The effect of smooth tracking and saccadic eye movements on the perception of size: the shrinking circle illusion. PMID- 1129967 TI - Accuracy of image stabilization by an optical-electronic feedback system. PMID- 1129968 TI - Light-induced decrease in calcium binding to isolated bovine photoreceptors. PMID- 1129969 TI - The nature of fusional effort in diplopic regions. PMID- 1129970 TI - Variation in pupillomotor responsiveness with mean pupil size. PMID- 1129971 TI - [Psychophysical study of simultaneous colour contrasts]. PMID- 1129972 TI - Correlates of metacontrast in single cells of the cat visual system. PMID- 1129973 TI - Spectral sensitivity of the foveal cone photopigments between 400 and 500 nm. PMID- 1129974 TI - Circle-ellipse discrimination in man and monkey. PMID- 1129975 TI - Colour coding of pattern responses in man investigated by evoked potential feedback and direct plot techniques. PMID- 1129976 TI - Receptive fields and response properties of neurons in the rat visual cortex. PMID- 1129977 TI - Stabilized images: probe analysis of pattern and color analytic mechanisms. PMID- 1129978 TI - Discrimination of simple and complex gratings. PMID- 1129979 TI - Velocity and acceleration statistics of pseudorandomly timed saccades in humans. PMID- 1129980 TI - Visually evoked potentials and selective masking with patterned flashes of different spatial frequencies. PMID- 1129981 TI - Grating visibility as a function of orientation and retinal eccentricity. PMID- 1129982 TI - The eyes in three genera of hagfish (Eptatretus, Paramyxine and Myxine)--a case of degenerative evolution. PMID- 1129983 TI - Reaction time to incremental and decremental target luminance changes at various photopic background levels. PMID- 1129984 TI - Enhancement of evoked responses to brief flashes and its correlation with off responses to pre-exposed light stimulation. PMID- 1129985 TI - The effects of inducer duration of successive brightness contrast. PMID- 1129986 TI - Evidence for cone and rod contributions to common "adaptation pools". PMID- 1129987 TI - A technique for presenting lateralized visual input with prolonged exposure. PMID- 1129988 TI - Additivity of the Stiles-Crawford effect for a Fraunhofer image. PMID- 1129989 TI - A new corneal electrode for electroretinography. PMID- 1129990 TI - Spatial frequency filters in cat visual cortex? PMID- 1129991 TI - Color and edge sensitive channels converge on stereo-depth analyzers. PMID- 1129992 TI - Relative spectral sensitivity to short wavelength light in the peripheral visual field. PMID- 1129993 TI - Corrective saccades: dependence on retinal reafferent signals. PMID- 1129994 TI - Binocular detection of vertical and horizontal line segments. PMID- 1129995 TI - Asymmetries in human accomodation and visual experience. PMID- 1129996 TI - The stereoacuity of macaque monkey. PMID- 1129997 TI - Shift in the peak of the photopic Stiles-Crawford function with marked accomodation. PMID- 1129998 TI - The effect of motion on visual acuity of the compound eye: a theoretical analysis. PMID- 1129999 TI - Polarographic and electrophysiological studies of retinal respiration. PMID- 1130000 TI - A difference between developing rods and cones in the formation of outer segment membranes. PMID- 1130001 TI - Presbyopia: new evidence from impedance cyclography supporting the Hess Gullstrand theory. PMID- 1130002 TI - [Development of malignant neoplasms following repeated radiation therapy]. PMID- 1130003 TI - [Structural changes in the intraorganic nerve elements of blood vessels following removal of Brown-Pearce tumors]. PMID- 1130004 TI - [Cytoenzymologic changes in sarcoma-45 following x-irradiation during different periods of mitotic activity]. PMID- 1130005 TI - [The role of x-ray studies in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors of the axillary space]. AB - Clinico-roentgenological findings in 148 patients with an axillary location of tumor are described. Thirty two of them had benign tumors (lipomas, fibromas, angiomas), 8-malignant (sarcomas), 57-systemic diseases associated with increased lymph nodes (lymphogranulomatosis, leucosis, etc), 18-inflammatory processes (tuberculosis, abscess), 35-accessory lobes of mammary glands. It was found that the method in question permitted, taking into account clinical data, in most cases to establish a differential diagnosis between various tumor processes of this localization. PMID- 1130006 TI - [The ultrastructure of lymph node cells in lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - An electron-microscopic study of lymph node cells in patients with lymphogranulomatosis has shown that the ultrastructure of these cells undergo some changes consisting in increased variability of the form and size of cellular organoids, and also being manifested in reticular cells to a greater degree than in lymphoid ones. A compparative study of cell ultrastructure at different stages of maturation and the analysis of literature data on ultrastructural changes in the process of differentiation of various cell types enabled to pinpoint further a conception of the morphological basis of differentiation at a subcellular level and to represent it schematically. PMID- 1130007 TI - [Mass fluorographic studies and their role in detecting breast cancer]. AB - The authors report their experience with the organization of mass fluorographic surveys of breast cancer conducted in the complex with check fluorography of the chest. The results of clinico-roentgenological investigations in 856 females, chosen with a suspicion to focal process in the mammary gland, among 17,000 females subjected to large film fluorgraphy are reported. Per each 1000 investigations there were revealed 22 cases of cancer and 8.1 cases of benign tumors and cysts of the mammary gland. Mass fluorographic survey for breast cancer is an efficient method of recognizing tumors of this localization. PMID- 1130008 TI - [Pre-albumins of cancerous tissue of the stomach]. AB - Studies of water soluble proteins of mucous and cancer tissue of the stomach were conducted by a method of electrophoresis in a polyacrylamid block. Under study were 18 postresection specimens (12--gastric cancer, 5--gastric ulcer, 1- duodenal ulcer). 5--7 prealbumin fractions were found in normal mucosa and that with histological changes typical for superficial and, sometimes, moderately pronounced atrophic gastritis. Gastric mucous membrane in marked atrophic, gastritis and of cancerous tissue were characterized by disappearance of the first 2,3, 4 prealbumin fractions or reduction of their peaks. PMID- 1130009 TI - [Pneumomammography in the diagnosis of breast diseases]. AB - An analysis of the efficacy of pneumomammography for diagnosis of different affections of the mammary gland in female and male individuals is presented. The former is based on 488 pneumographies.. A clinical and experimental experience with the use of pneumomammography has supported a high efficacy of pneumocystomammography. PMID- 1130010 TI - [Hydroxycorticosteroids and the binding capacity of transcrotin in sarcoma 45]. AB - In sarcoma 45 growth the concentration of all fractions of 11-oxycorticosteroids (11--OCS) was found to be increased. Maximum increase in concentration of total and bound 11--OCS was noted on the 7th and 10th day after transplantation. The content of total and bound 11 -- OCS on the 15th and 20th day of tumor growth was close to control values, however, the concentration of free 11 -- OCS exceeded the control level. At the 30th day of the experiment the values of total and bound 11 -- OCS were reliably decreased. While the free hormone content was within control limits. In a progressing malignant growth the binding capacity of transcortin is reduced up to 18.5% (the 30th day of the experiment) that makes 25% of the control value. The content of bound exogenic corticosterone in vitro ranged from 7.7 to 45.2 Mg% in the process of sarcorna 45 growth. PMID- 1130011 TI - [The incidence of breast cancer (according to findings at the Poltava regional oncologic dispensary)]. PMID- 1130012 TI - [Transplacental action of carcinolipin]. PMID- 1130013 TI - [Conservative treatment of lung cancer]. AB - 393 inoperable patients with lung cancer of stage III and IV were given two or three chemical substances according to the schemes applied or one of cytostatics with telegamma therapy. Control patients were administered only cyclophosphan or subjected to telegamma therapy. The best immediate and late results were noted in objects receiving either three substances or gamma-radiation with antimetabolites, 5-fluoruracil in particular, An efficacy of the treatment was estimated depending on the morphological structure of a tumor. A toxic effect of the therapy employed on the gastrointestinal tract, hemopoiesis was studied. PMID- 1130014 TI - [Cancer from the remnants of the thyrolingual duct]. AB - Brief literature data on the incidence and difficulties of diagnosis of cancer arising in remnants of the thyroglossal duct are reported. Three personal authors' observations are described. The correct diagnosis was not established prior to surgery. Tumor removal with resection of the sublingual bone is recommended as the most rational method of treatment. PMID- 1130015 TI - [Color scanning in the topical and differential diagnosis of kidney tumors]. AB - Tre results of careful investigation in 36 patients with tumors of the renal parenchyma, operated upon during the period since 1969 to 1972, are described, Extirpation of the kidney was performed in 34 patients, tentative lumbotomy and biopsy--in 2. In all patients along with the use of roentgenological, laboratory and cytologic methods of investigation also radioisotope renography and color scanning have been accomplished. PMID- 1130016 TI - [Development of cancer of the corpus uteri against a background of adenomatosis]. AB - An attempt was made to differentiate various types of development of corpus uteri adenomatosis in the clinico-morphological aspect. Three forms of adenomatosis were differentiated: focal, diffuse and malignant adenomatosis. Studies of curetting specimens from the uterine body revealed adenomatosis in 3.4% of cases. Malignant adenoma of the corpus uteri was defined by the author as a malignantly transformed adenomatosis. Mos frequently adenomatosis developed at the age of 35 55 years, its transition to "adenomatous cancer" was noted in 30-40% of cases and more often in females aged 55-77 years. PMID- 1130017 TI - [Exploratory thoracotomies in lung cancer]. AB - The causes of tentative thoractomies were analyzed in 56 patients with pulmonary cancer. Retrospectively, operative findings were compared with the results of clinicoroentgenological, bronchological studies and mediastinoscopy, The most frequent causes of uneffective interventions were as follows: massive metastatic involvement of lymph nodes of the lung hilus and mediastinum (in 26 patients) and perivasal tumor dissemination (in 18 patients). PMID- 1130018 TI - [Blast transformation of the peripheral lymphocytes in cervical cancer during the radiotherapy process]. AB - The reaction of blast-transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in 60 patients with cervical cancer depending on a stage and radiotherapy applied. A progression of the tumor process reduces the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes for blasttransformation in the FHA stimulated culture. The conducted radiotherapy would enhance a suppression of functional properties of T lymphocytes. The use of the blasttransformation reaction seems to be possible for estimation of changes in the cellular immunity in oncological patients during radiotherapy. PMID- 1130019 TI - Copper and iron content and the ceruloplasmin activity in the leukocytes, erythrocytes and blood serum in uterin fibromyoam before after surgery. AB - Fourty two patients with uterine fibromyoma aged from 21 to 68 years have been investigated prior to surgery and after it. The iron content and ceruloplasmin activity in blood serum are considerably higher than normal before the operation and markedly decreased after it. The iron content in blood serum and leucocytes pre- and postoperatively is lower while in erythrocytes higher than normal. There is some parellelism in redistribution of iron between serum and the formed elements of blood in the postoperative period. PMID- 1130020 TI - [Transformational activity of the oncornaviruses isolated from RH and Hep-2 cell lines]. AB - Oncornaviruses isolated from transplantable cell cultures Hep-2 and RH were used for inoculating primary tripsinized cell cultures of human foetal kidney (HFK) and human embryonic fibroblasts (HEF). In all 15 cases no transformation of HEF cells was noted. In inoculation of HFK with oncornaviruses isolated from RH cell culture in 2 of 16 cases there were obtained transformed cell cultures: HFK+VRH and HFK+VRH Mc) occurred twice as fast. The transformed cell cultures have gone through 15-23 passages and were characterized by a high mitotic activity, production of oncornaviruses, type A and B, and absence of contact inhibition, a capacity for multistratum three-dimensional growth, the modal number of chromosomes 64 and a mixed type AB of electrophoretic mobility of glucoso-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 1130021 TI - [Effect of the degree of hypothermia on the intensity of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in a tumor and in normal tissue]. AB - In rats were Heren carcinoma at the initial stage of hypothermia (30-31 degrees C) in hepatic tissues there was observed at a greater intensity of protein and nucleic acids synthesis contrary to its marked reduction in tumor tissues. In tumor tissues a cessation of protein synthesis was observed at 20-21 degrees C. while that of nucleic acids at 14-15 degrees C. Under these regimens of hypothermia no complete cessation of protein and nucleic acids synthesis in hepatic tissue occurred. However, their synthesis was markedly suppressed. PMID- 1130022 TI - [Carcinogenic activity of a 4,4-diaminobiphenyl ester]. AB - 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (dadpe) was injected subcutaneously (once a week) or given per orally (1-5 times a week) in rats in a dose of 25 mg/per rat and in mice of line CC57W in a dose of 5 mg/per mouse. Administration of the substance produced in mice and rats under study renal lesions of the nephrosis type with a nephritic component. In later stages of the experiment some rats showed adenomatous regeneration and formation of renal cysts, in one rat hypernephroid cancer of the kidney was observed. Tumors of different localizations were found in 44% of rats (in 7 of 16 animals), and in 57% of mice (in 8 of 14 animals) in experiments with peroral administration of the substance; in 18% of rats (in 7 of 39 animals) and in 33% of mice (in 3 of 9 animals) in experiments with subcutaneous injection of the substance. The results of the experiments have evidenced an insignificant blastomogenic action of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether. PMID- 1130023 TI - [Adrenal cortical function in the combined treatment of lung cancer]. AB - Ninety five patients with pulmonary cancer were investigated. It was found that in lung cancer a correlation of total 17-ketosteroids and 17-oxycorticosteroids is changed on account of decreased androgenic hormones and increased glucocorticoid hormones. A response to the operative trauma is not the same in different objects. Following radiotherapy in most patients a reliable inhibition of the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex was observed. PMID- 1130024 TI - [Cytological study as a prognostic test in radiotherapy of cervical cancer]. PMID- 1130025 TI - [Vacuum biopsy of the endometrium in uterine fibromyoma]. PMID- 1130026 TI - [Transthoracic needle biopsy in the precise diagnosis of malignant tumors of the lungs, pleura and mediastinum]. PMID- 1130027 TI - [Chemotherapy of lung cancer metastases to the brain (2 observations)]. PMID- 1130028 TI - Isoniazid-associated hepatitis--serum enzyme determinations and histologic features. AB - A prospective study of 208 patients treated for up to 12 months with isoniazid (INH((R))) for tuberculosis prophylaxis was made. Levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase (SGOT) became elevated in 20 percent of the adults followed and in 30 percent predominantly nonspecific symptoms developed, in 11 percent simultaneously with SGOT elevation; SGOT levels became elevated in two of 33 children and 1 was symptomatic. Mild SGOT elevations in asymptomatic adults were self-limited; however, a small percentage of symptomatic adults showed prolonged SGOT elevation for months after INH was completed. Results of liver biopsy studies in the early stages of SGOT elevation generally showed portal and periportal lymphocytic infiltrations with lesser numbers of plasma cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. PMID- 1130029 TI - The consequences of habitual knuckle cracking. AB - Habitual knuckle cracking in children has been considered a cause of arthritis. A survey of a geriatric patient population with a history of knuckle cracking failed to show a correlation between knuckle cracking and degenerative changes of the metacarpal phalangeal joints. PMID- 1130031 TI - Sleepwalking. PMID- 1130030 TI - Amphetamine psychosis or paranoid schizophrenia? PMID- 1130033 TI - The "Jet Lag" syndrome. PMID- 1130032 TI - Technique of rapid tranquilization. PMID- 1130034 TI - Suicide in physicians. PMID- 1130035 TI - Editorial: Slow virus diseases. PMID- 1130036 TI - Editorial: The fluoridation of drinking water. PMID- 1130037 TI - An editorial essay: The "malpractice" crisis. PMID- 1130038 TI - Methemoglobinemia caused by acute overdosage of phenazopyridine. PMID- 1130039 TI - Letter: From a gout sufferer. PMID- 1130040 TI - Letter: Ophthalmology and medical ethics. PMID- 1130041 TI - Optimal fluoridation--The concept and its application to municipal water fluoridation. AB - Optimal fluoridation has been defined as that fluoride exposure which confers maximal cariostasis with minimal toxicity and its values have been previously determined to be 0.5 to 1 mg per day for infants and 1 to 1.5 mg per day for an average child. Total fluoride ingestion and urine excretion were studied in Marin County, California, children in 1973 before municipal water fluoridation. Results showed fluoride exposure to be higher than anticipated and fulfilled previously accepted criteria for optimal fluoridation. Present and future water fluoridation plans need to be reevaluated in light of total environmental fluoride exposure. PMID- 1130043 TI - An anti-intellectual movement in medicine. PMID- 1130042 TI - Water fluoridation and dietary fluoride ingestion-an editorial comment. PMID- 1130044 TI - Inhalation therapy--A joint accord on the role of respiratory (inhalation) therapy personnel in airway management and endotracheal intubation. AB - Joint Accord on the Role of Respiratory (Inhalation) Therapy Personnel in Airway Management and Endotracheal Intubation endorsed by the California Medical Association, the California Hospital Association, the California Society for Respiratory Therapy, the California Society of Anesthesiologists and the California Thoracic Society. PMID- 1130045 TI - [Determination of some blood clotting and fibrinolytic factors in patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 1130046 TI - [Serum protein immunoelectrophoresis in patients with various forms of pneumonia]. PMID- 1130047 TI - [Breast gland following artifical termination of early pregnancy and following threatened and completed abortion]. PMID- 1130048 TI - [Acute poisoning with potassium bichromate]. PMID- 1130049 TI - [Gastric secretion following maximum stimulation with histamine or pentagastrin in 150 patients with digestive tract diseases or anemia]. PMID- 1130050 TI - [Treatment or iron deficiency anemia]. PMID- 1130051 TI - [Case of Lederer-Brill syndrome]. PMID- 1130052 TI - [Case of acute pancreatitis and cholangitis in a patient with hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 1130053 TI - [Case of renal amyloidosis associated with hypertension]. PMID- 1130054 TI - [2 cases of acquired disaccharide intolerance with an exceptionally severe course]. PMID- 1130055 TI - [Vincristine neurotoxicity and zoster. A possible potentiating effect]. PMID- 1130056 TI - [Brucellosis-induced central nervous system damage manifesting itself in a newborn infant after BCG vaccination]. PMID- 1130057 TI - [2 cases of breast carcinoma in young women]. PMID- 1130058 TI - [Primary tubal carcinoma resembling tuberculous inflammation]. PMID- 1130060 TI - [Improvement of effort tolerance in patients with arterial hypertension treated with practolol]. PMID- 1130059 TI - [Case of 2 independent focal neoplasms in the cervix and skin]. PMID- 1130061 TI - [Dopegyt (methyldopa) in the treatment of arterial hypertension in pregnancy]. PMID- 1130063 TI - [Effectiveness of rondomycin in respiratory tract infections in children]. PMID- 1130062 TI - [24-hour excretion of vanilmandelic acid in cyanotic congenital heart diseases in children]. PMID- 1130064 TI - [10-day dynamics of granulocytic responses in peripheral blood in patients treated with prednisone]. PMID- 1130065 TI - [Epiarticular pillow-like thickening of finger skin]. PMID- 1130066 TI - [328 cases of acute poisoning treated in the years 1961-1970]. PMID- 1130067 TI - [Use of antibiotics in infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 1130068 TI - [Lower limit of alcohol intoxication in the light of objective tests on the effect of alcohol on the nervous system]. PMID- 1130069 TI - [Case of painful Maherbe and Chenantais calcifying epithelioma]. PMID- 1130070 TI - [Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome]. PMID- 1130071 TI - [Atypical location of an isolated osseo-cartilagineous exostosis causing compression of the sciatic nerve]. PMID- 1130072 TI - [Biosynthesis of collagen and mode of action of D-penicillamine (author's transl)]. AB - The biosynthesis and metabolism of collagen are complex processes and are regulated by different enzyme systems. In theory these processes can be influenced at a number of different stages. The therapeutic prevention of excessive collagen and fibril synthesis is a desirable aim, although there is a lack of substances suitable for this purpose. One substance employed is D penicillamine (D-PA), which blocks aldehyde condensation, inhibits the cross linking of the peptide chains and the formation of collagen fibrils. Other characteristics of D-PA which are of therapeutic interest are chelate formation with heavy metals and the depolymerizing action on macroglobulins. D-PA may possibly by of some value in the chemotherapy of certain tumours and for sensitizing tumour cells to irradiation. It remains to be investigated whether D PA or similar substances could be of therapeutic value in arteriosclerosis, in which an increased deposition of collagen in the basal membranes is the fundamental process. The successful therapeutic use of D-PA in rheumatoid arthritis and chronic active cirrhoses of the liver justifies the hope that this substance may favourably influence disorders of collagen metabolism. PMID- 1130073 TI - [Biochemical and clinical findings in congenital abnormalities of galactose metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - Current knowledge of the biochemical basis of abnormalities in galactose metabolism are discussed. The clinical picture, analysis of frequency and therapy are described. Although the galactokinase defect hat been described only rarely, abundant literature has been published on the Gal-1-PUT defect. Five variations of this defect are known (Duarte, Los Angeles, Rennes, Indiana and Negro variants), but these simulate only partially the clinical picture of galactosaemia. The UDP-Gal-4-epimerase defect has only once been described. Defects in galactose metabolism which show autosomal recessive inheritance are demonstrated in milk-fed infants by means of the Guthrie test. If the clinical picture arouses the suspicion of a defect in Gal-1-PUT or galactokinase, then a milk-free diet should be given until the diagnosis has been verified by enzyme analysis. Children who have been fed on a lactose-free diet show normal physical and mental development. If possible the entire family of the proband should undergo enzyme analysis in order to detect and to counsel all the heterozygotes in the family. Genetic counselling is considered to be absolutely indicated in this case. Termination of pregnancy is not indicated under any circumstances. PMID- 1130074 TI - [The influence of acupuncture analgesia on the sensation and feeling of pain and the autonomic state of the organism (author's transl)]. AB - This study reports the effect of acupuncture on the sensation of pain, feeling of pain and on the autonomic state of the organism. In order to elucidate the problem physiological and psychological parameters were employed. It was observed that the insertion of the needles with electrical stimulation raised the pain threshold. The rise occurred whether a classical acupuncture point or a placebo acupuncture point was used. When the pain was assessed subjectively, it was found that the needling of a classical acupuncture point favourably influenced the experience of pain. Furthermore, persons in whom acupuncture worked well were characterized by a low subjective and objective pain threshold, a slow pulse rate and a high anxiety score. PMID- 1130075 TI - [Basis and clinical application of the "contingent negative variation" in "evoked response audiometry" (author's transl)]. AB - After repeated stimulation with an indicative stimulus and a second imperative stimulus, a slow negative potential shife, the "Contingent Negative Variation" (CNV), can be recorded in the EEG before the second stimulus. On account of the main features of CNV two qualitative tests can be used in audiometry. "Tone-CNV" is an objective test of perception of a pure-tone. The indicative pure-tone is followed regularly by a second imperative stimulus, a flash of light or a slide. The appearance of CNV is the positive sign of perception, even if the "acoustically evoked potential" (AEP) is difficult to define. Adults and children (5 to 12 years) with normal hearing or suffering from several forms of hearing loss developed a CNV, except those patients with severe brain damage. The advantage of this method is the short testing time and accentuation of AEPs. The test can be also done under sedation. In "Objective Speech Audiometry", a proof of concept discrimination, only words of one concept are combined with a second imperative stimulus. The other group of words of the second concept remains "unreinforced". After correct discrimination all normal subjects developed a CNV before the second stimulus and after the "unreinforced" concept a "Discriminative Positive Variation" (DPV). Thus, this method can be used for clinical purposes. Loss of discrimination, perseveration phenomena and hemispheric differences were observed in aphasic patients. PMID- 1130076 TI - [The rhinosurgical management of nasal liquorrhoea (author's transl)]. AB - Rhinoliquorrhoea is the leading symptome of an osteodural defect of the base of the skull, the pneumatic system of the rhinobasis being affected. Surgical attention to these defects is largely the responsibility of the rhinosurgeon. Following a description of the under-lying causes of this condition in the patients treated by us, details are given of the procedures undertaken to establish diagnosis of liquorrhoea, its localization. The indications, timing and technique of rhinosurgical treatment are discussed. Finally, some characteristic clinical cases are reported. PMID- 1130077 TI - [The treatment of the "mobile" vocal cord carcinoma: cordectomy versus irradiation (author's transl)]. AB - In the literature, cordectomy and irradiation each give an about 80% 5-year cure rate in cases of stage I carcinoma of the vocal cords. Between 1955 and 1969 49 patients were cordectomized and 71 patients were subjected to irradiation (5-year absence of recurrence in 75%) and 68.8% of cases respectively. 6 out of 9 criteria are in favour of cordectomy and only 3 in favour of radiotherapy in a comparison of both forms of treatment. In favour of cordectomy: 1. Direct examination of the tumour. 2. Immediate histological control during the operation. 3. Duration of treatment: 7 to 10 days (irradiation: 4 to 5 weeks). 4. Short healing period. Irradiation may entail chronic after effects. 5. Perichondritis: not observed after operation but may follow irradiation. 6. Treatment of tumour recurrence: After cordectomy: non-irradiated area and, if required, full radiation dose possible or operation in ordinary tissue. After irradiation: full radiation dose not possible, operation only in irradiated tissue. In favour or irradiation: 1. Medical contra-indications to surgery. 2. Tracheotomy: required prophylactically in case of cordectomy for 1 to 3 days, usually not necessary in case of irradiation. 3. Voice quality: Clearly better after irradiation than after operation. Irradiation is preferable in patients who have to use their voice very much. The problem should be thoroughly discussed with the patient. In general, cordectomy is the treatment of choice. PMID- 1130078 TI - [Legal foundations for the processing of iodine 125 in radioimmunological laboratory tests, exemplified by the phadebas RAST and phadebas RIST tests (author's transl)]. AB - The processing of iodine 125 poses legal and technical problems that can be solved if the respective guidelines are taken into consideration. The test projects have to be notified to, and approved by the authorities. In addition, the reagents have to be isolated and locked away in a suitable place and the requisite laboratory bench space locked up when not in use. If no more than 2 test kits are processed at the same time, the demands on the personnel and working place are minimal and the removal of wastes is unproblematic. PMID- 1130079 TI - [Total laryngeal extirpation in tumour recurrence following chordectomy (author's transl)]. AB - A review of 18 cases of laryngectomy on account of tumour recurrence following chordectomy revealed a high incidence of post-operative salivary fistulae. The tumour recurrence was extensive, as seen from the extirpated larynx specimen, in spite of regular laryngological check-up examinations. Tumour recurrence rends to be localized in the anterior commissure and sometimes infiltrates into the prelaryngeal area. The poor long-term prognosis is stressed. PMID- 1130080 TI - [Detection of sex-chromosome anomalies in newborn infants (author's transl)]. AB - 6084 consecutive newborn infants were screened for the purpose of evaluation of the X- and Y-chromatin in the cells of the buccal mucosa to detect sex-chromosome anomalies. An anomaly was discovered in 14 newborn infants (0.23%). Among 3184 male infants 8 cases of Klinefelter's syndrome, 2 cases of XYY syndrome and 1 case of a rare structural anomaly of the Y-chromosome were detected. Among 2900 female infants there was 1 child with Turner's syndrome and 2 children with the Triplo-X syndrome. The following clinical features were frequently observed: low birth weight, small size, dystrophy, signs of dysmaturity and increased maternal age. A gonosomal anomaly should be suspected in all cases presenting these characteristic clinical features and the necessary investigations carried out. By these means X-chromosome aberrations, at least, could be partly diagnosed. PMID- 1130081 TI - [The effect of Iscador (Viscum praeparatum M.) on the Walker carcinosarcoma of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reports the effects of a drug obtained from mistletoe (Iscador) on tumour growth of the Walker carcinosarcoma in rats under different conditions. No inhibitory effect on the growth of this tumour was observed. PMID- 1130082 TI - [The treatment of the pseudocroup syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The results of the implementation of Myoscain E/Holzinger in the treatment of the "pseudocroup syndrome" (laryngitis catarrhalis) are reported. The generally prompt action of the drug is stressed. It is pointed out that non-response to the compound suggests a more serious form of the disease necessitating close observation. A list of diseases involved in the differential diagnosis is added. PMID- 1130084 TI - [Can psychotherapy still play a part in the medicine of the future]. PMID- 1130083 TI - [Electrostatic field as a climatic factor]. PMID- 1130085 TI - [Tasks and circumferences in the special field of hygiene]. PMID- 1130086 TI - [Cutaneous angiopathy in drug-induced vascular pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 1130087 TI - [The-called fat embolism. An event occuring with every fracture, but with the correction of volume deficiency not fatal]. PMID- 1130088 TI - [Practical guidelines for the postoperative management of glaucoma]. PMID- 1130089 TI - [Petic ulcer in foreign laborers]. PMID- 1130090 TI - [Treatment of iron deficiency with orally administered delayed-action ferrous sulfate and mucoproteose]. PMID- 1130091 TI - [Contraception and birth defects]. PMID- 1130092 TI - Chronic constrictive pericarditis in children. PMID- 1130093 TI - Cerebellar syndrome associated with infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 1130094 TI - Aortoiliac atherosclerosis. PMID- 1130095 TI - EDITORIAL: Death, and the problems of honesty. PMID- 1130096 TI - Indications for operative treatment of spinal deformities. PMID- 1130098 TI - Editorial: The shrug, the hum, or ha. PMID- 1130097 TI - Childhood lead poisoning prevention program in Milwaukee. PMID- 1130099 TI - Atherosclerosis and hypertension in relation to some trace elements in tissues-1. PMID- 1130100 TI - 1974 Yale Medical Student Council Lectureship: Partners or protagonists-Congress and the Academic Medical Centers. PMID- 1130101 TI - Combined hepatic vein, umbilicoportal vein, and superior mesenteric artery catheterization in portal hypertension: estimation of the portal fraction of total hepatic blood flow in cirrhotic patients. AB - Hemodynamic data were obtained in 13 cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension, undergoing combined hepatic vein, umbilicoportal vein, and superior mesenteric artery catheterization. The relative clearance of indocyanine green, the portohepatic gradient (difference between the free portal venous pressure and the free hepatic venous pressure), and the estimated hepatic blood flow were measured. The portal fraction (PF) of total hepatic blood flow was calculated in all patients using indicator dilution curves obtained from the portal bifurcation, a right hepatic vein, and when possible a left hepatic vein (six cases) after injection of (51)Cr-labeled red blood cells ((51)Cr RBC) into the superior mesenteric artery. Flows were overestimated because of loss of indicator through spontaneous portosystemic shunts; however, the ratio between hepatic and portal indicator dilution curves can be used to calculate the portal fraction of total hepatic blood flow since no extrahepatic shunts existed after the bifurcation of the portal vein (as shown on portography). In 10 patients, 15 series of curves were calculable and the PF varied between 30.1 and 100% (mean +/ SE: 71.1 +/- 6.2%). In the three other patients, only delayed activity from recirculation was detected from portal and hepatic vein samples and PF was 0%; in these three cases, portography and arteriography revealed spontaneous portacaval shunting with reverse and/or stagnant circulation in the portal vein. In the 13 patients, no correlation existed between PF and the relative clearance of indocyanine green or the portohepatic gradient, parameters generally used as indices of severity in cirrhosis. In 10 patients, no correlation was found between PF and the estimated hepatic blood flow.These data indicate that (51)Cr RBC dilution curves can be used for the estimation of the portal fraction of total hepatic blood flow in conscious cirrhotic patients before portacaval shunts. Using this methodology, it could be assessed whether any critical level of portal fraction exists above which poor clinical results occur after portacaval shunting. This measurement could eventually be helpful in determining the appropriate surgical procedure to be applied in individual cases. PMID- 1130102 TI - [Progress in the chemotherapy of metastasizing breast and bronchial carcinomas]. PMID- 1130103 TI - [Psychological guidance of the cancer patient in practice]. PMID- 1130104 TI - [Unproven "methods of treating cancer"]. PMID- 1130105 TI - [Paraneoplastic syndromes]. PMID- 1130106 TI - [Therapy of venopathies from viewpoint the dermatologist's]. PMID- 1130107 TI - [Humanity of life and death]. PMID- 1130108 TI - [Prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 1130109 TI - [Brain scintigraphy Technic, indications, diagnostic value]. PMID- 1130110 TI - [Anemias in practice]. PMID- 1130111 TI - [Lymphogranulomatosis. Diagnosis, classification and therapy from the viewpoint of clinical experience]. PMID- 1130112 TI - [Testicular torsion. Contribution to diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 1130113 TI - [Letter: Diagnosis and prognosis of chronic gastritis. Critical remarks W. Rosch: A. Allg. Med. Vol. 50, 1430-1435 (1974)]. PMID- 1130114 TI - [Letter: Prevention of fluorides with caries is safe]. PMID- 1130115 TI - [Intestinal neoplasms and partaking of beef]. PMID- 1130116 TI - [Oral antidiabetic drugs]. PMID- 1130117 TI - [District physicians in Poland]. PMID- 1130118 TI - Primary hypomagnesemia. I. Absorption Studies. AB - The clinical course of 2 patients with primary hypomagnesemia is reported. In one male patient, 5 months old, measurements of magnesium retention, intestinal absorption, fecal excretion and renal clearance were performed. The retention (2.8%) and absorption (7.8%) of 28-Mg were markedly reduced in comparsion to controls (average retention 25% and average absorption 28%). The retention values of the parents and other realtives did not differ from those of healthy adults. The examined patient was sucessfully treated with trimagnesium dicitrate containing 1.75 g magnesium per day. PMID- 1130119 TI - [Vaccination of children against influenza]. AB - In 19 children of 1-7 years of age hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies were measured before and after vaccination against influenza. Before vaccination the serum titers have been markedly lower than in adults. A single vaccination with Alorbat, a vaccine of representative strains of influenza virus inactivated and adsorbed to aluminumoxide, was followed by the same rise of titer as in adults. Therefore with this vaccine a single vaccination is effective in children, and a booster 4 weeks later, as recommended otherwise, is not necessary. PMID- 1130120 TI - Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus: a case report with plasma insulin studies. AB - The 11th case of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus appearing during the first month of life is reported. A critical review of the literature is also presented. The permanence of diabetes is demonstrated by the duration of insulin therapy still necessary after 30 months. Insulin-stimulation tests have been performed some for the first time in such a young diabetic. They have shown a nearly total failure in beta-cell response, only very high doses of glucagon provoking a moderate insulin secretion. The absence of acetonuria is discussed. It can perhaps be explained by the hyperglycemia which, by a mass effect, brings about cellular glucose penetration and this stops liberation of Nefa's from adipose tissue. PMID- 1130121 TI - Intestinal iron absorption under the influence of available storage iron and erythroblastic hyperplasia. Comparative studies in children with hereditary spherocytosis, nonspherocytic enzymopenic hemolytic anemia, acquired hemolytic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency induced megaloblastic anemia, erythroblastic hypoplasia and aplastic anemia. AB - A high negative correlation (coefficient similar to 0.9) between increased 59Fe absorption from a diagnostic 0.56 mg 59Fe2+ dose and the depletion of available storage iron was observed in menstruating and pregnant women, fullterm and premature infants, blood donors, patients with infections, inflammations, tumors, hepatic cirrhosis, gastric surgery, increased urogenital or gastrointestinal blood loss. The increased diagnostic 59Fe2+ absorption is a reliable and sensitive indicator of at least depleted iron stores or prelatent iron deficiency as caused by iron malnutrition or maldigestion, increased iron requirement in pregnancy, infancy, urogenital or gastrointestinal blood loss. Although the messenger system which signalyzes the depletion of iron stores to the iron absorbing enterocytes of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa is not yet known available storage iron seems to control intestinal iron absorption under normal and the great majority o pathological condition in humans. Anemia per se or high erythropoietin levels in blood do not influence iron absorption since patients with even severe erythroblastic hypoplasia, aplastic anemia and megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency absorb iron according to their iron stores. An only mild hyperplasia of the erythropoietic system in the bone marrow does also not effect iron absorption which was still under the control of available storage iron in patients with hereditary spherocytosis, nonspherocytic congenital hemolytic anemia due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acquired hemolytic anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency induced megaloblastic anemia.. PMID- 1130122 TI - [Coagulation tests from capillary blood. Determination of thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, factor II (prothrombin), factor V (accelerin) and factor X (Stuart-Prower factor) from capillary blood]. AB - Methods are described for the determination of the thromboplastin time, the thrombin time, for fibrinogen and factor II, V and X from capillary blood. These methods are easy to perform and comparison of the results from venous and capillary blood showed a very good correlation. The described methods seem suitable for routine coagulation tests in pediatrics. PMID- 1130123 TI - A case of leprechaunism and an analysis of some clinical manifestations of this syndrome. AB - A case of Leprechaunismm is reported. The parents were not consanguineous. The patient had two female and one male sibling. The patient was female and one sister was normal but the brother was also affected by Leprechaunismm. Another sister was possibly affected by Leprechaunis. The laboratory and autopsy examination showed various abnormal results, but few correlation was noted between the findings of the investigations and the clinical manifestations. The abnormality of the carbohydrate metabolism in Leprechauism may be due to the delay of insulin-release from pancreatic islets, from the abnormality of insulin receptors, or an abnormality of the biological activity of insulin. PMID- 1130124 TI - [Coronarographic nomenclature and typology of human coronary arteries]. PMID- 1130125 TI - [Influence of spontaneous collaterals on the fibrillation threshold of the heart following acute coronary occlusion]. AB - Fibrillation threshold (FS) were determined in 27 mongrel dogs by direct electrical stimulation of the myocardium by 50 Hz AC impulses of 0.20-0.28 sec during the vulnerable period. The FS is the current which just suffices to produce ventricular fibrillation. Sinus rhythm was restored 10 sec after onset of ventricular fibrillation by defibrillation. Determinations of FS were carried out for each animal repeatedly before and 3 min after acute ligation of the circumflex ramus respectively the descendens ramus of the left coronary artery. Post mortem selective coronary angiography was performed in all cases and the extent of spontaneous collateral vessels was estimated by the rate of retrograde contrast radiography of the ligated coronary artery. The FS fell appreciably following acute ligation of both the circumflex ramus and the sescendens ramus. Beside the size of the ligated area (the circumflex ramus supplies a larger area of the myocardium in the dog than the ramus descendens) the extent of collateral supply was the determining factor for the reductions of the FS: Following coronary ligation of the circumflex ramus the FS fell on the average from 24.0 mA to 4.1 mA if no collateral vessels were detectable; in the animals with well developed collaterals the FS was reduced from 24.8 to only 14.1 mA. After acute occlusion of the descendens ramus the FS fell from 27.9 mA to 11.5 mA in the group with not sufficient collateral supply and from 31.2 mA to only 21.5 mA in the group with well developed collaterals. The comparison of the different decreases of the FS after coronary occlusion clearly shows that the influence of the in size differing ischemic areas on the decrease of the FS is particularly evident if no collateral vessels are existent. If collateral vessels are well developed this difference is not significant. These results demonstrate that the influence of well developed collaterals on the decrease of the FS after coronary occlusion exceeds the dependence on the size of the ischemic area. PMID- 1130126 TI - [Influence of acute preload changes on the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening of the left ventricle]. AB - The cineangiographically determined mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (-vcf) has been used as a measure of basal cardiac contractility in man. In order to test the effect of acute changes in preload on -vcf, dextran was administered i.v. in steps of plus 2 percent, plus 4 percent and plus 6 percent of body weight to 8 closed-chest anesthetized dogs after minimizing cardiac reflex adjustments by 0.5 mg/kg propranolol i.v. and by cutting the vagi. -vcf, end-diastolic and end-systolic volume were estimated from left ventricular (LV) monoplane cinefilms in the right anterior oblique projection. At plus 2 percent and plus 4 percent of dextran -vcf remained unchanged as compared to control, i.e. after autonomic blockade. At plus 6 percent -vcf decreased significantly. LV max dP/dt increased significantly up to the step of plus 4 percent and decreased then slightly despite a further significant increase of LV end-diastolic pressure. In additional 6 dogs the largest volume load (plus 6 percent) was applied as the first step after control. Under these conditions there was no significant change in -vcf. In conclusion, -vcf appears to be essentially independent of changes in preload. Its usefulness as a measure of contractility is however limited by the negative inotropic effect of repeated injections of contrast dye. PMID- 1130128 TI - [Hemodynamic differences between maximal treadmill and bicycle ergometer test in coronary disease]. AB - 9 patients with diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and typical angina pectoris (AP) were studied by means of a multistage, symptom-limited treadmill test and a similar bicycle ergometer (bike)-test. The sequence of tests was determined by chance. Between the tests, the patients rested one hour. Oxygen uptake (vo2) was determined by the Douglas-bag-method, blood pressures were measured via catheters placed in a pulmonary and a brachial or radial artery, respectively. Cardiac output (Q) was calculated by the direct Fick principle. In all tests, with the exception of one bike-test, all patients were limited by AP. They attained high VO2 (mean 1316 ml/min) on the treadmill (TM) while on the TM their mean arterial blood pressure (BP) was significantly (P greater than 0.05), namely 10 mm Hg as an average, lower. Comparing the final minute -3 of the TM test with the final minute -1 of the bike-test in 5 patients, we found heart rate (HR), BP and pressure rate product (HR times BP) lower on the TM (P greater than 0.05), whereas VO2 was the same. Patients, whose exercise performance is limited by angina pectoris on bike and TM, achieve higher VO2 on the treadmill, together with lower BP. This may be of clinical importance in exercise-testing and training of patients with CHD. PMID- 1130127 TI - [Cineangiographic left ventricular dimensional analysis in normal subjects and patients with coronary disease]. AB - The cineangiographically determined left ventricular function was studied in normals and in CAD-patients with one- and three-vessel disease. From single plane RAO-LV-cineangiograms following parameters were calculated; LV-volumes (EDV, ESV) according to the area-length method, ejection fraction (EF), percentage shortening of the medial perpendicular short axis delta (M,deltaMpl), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (V(CF), V(CFPL)). It can be concluded that there is 1. no correlation between the severity of coronary heart disease and the morphological left ventricular wall lesions, 2. a depressed left ventricular function in coronary heart disease and normal ventriculograms, 3. a more impaired left ventricular function when cineangiograms show hypokinesis or aneurysms, 4. hypokinesis or aneurysms in the anterior wall leads to a more depressed left ventricular function than the same lesions in the posterior wall. PMID- 1130129 TI - [Course of coronary disease. Evaluation of prognosis and progression of coronary insufficiency with atrial pacing and ergometry]. AB - Significant reduction of angina threshold (145 Imp./min to 134 Imp./min) and increase of ST-segment depression (0.13 to 0.17 mV) indicating progression of coronary artery disease was seen in 34 subjects studied by atrial pacing at intervals betion (0.22 mV to 0.12 mV) during exercise, which correlated significantly with decrease of heart rate (121 to 110 beats/min), is interpreted as consequence of diminished sympathetic activity and myocardial O(2)-demand. The change of hemodynamic parameters during controlled exercise does not allow evaluation concerning the progress of coronary artery disease, whereas cardiac stress test with atrial pacing is reproducible. There was no difference in relation to reduction of angina threshold between the group after combined longterm medication with nitrate and ss-blocking agent and the control group. Plasma lipid abnormalities were predictive of subsequent reduction of angina threshold. Severe 2 and 3 vessel obstruction was seen more frequently in patients exhibiting reduction of angina threshold. Level of uric acid, obesity, hypertension, age, combination of risk factors, the initially studied myocardial lactate production and angina threshold during exercise and atrial pacing had no predictive value concerning reduction of angina threshold. PMID- 1130130 TI - [Polar vectors in the posterior-inferior parietal myocardial infarct and left anterior hemiblock]. AB - The Frank's ECG leads and the polar vectors have been quantified in 165 normal and abnormal cases. The abnormal cases were: postero-diaphragmatical infarctions, left anterior hemiblocks, postero-diaphragmatical infarctions and left anterior hemiblocks together. Our examinations were made with triaxicardiometer (TCM) analogue computer. We formed the numerical averages of the patients' groups into graphical algorithms. According to our examinated abnormal groups the X and the Y ECG derivations and the elevation angles (V degrees) of the polar vectors (triaxicardiograms) have the greatest diagnostical values. PMID- 1130131 TI - Comparison between Wilson's thoracic leads and the telemetrically transmitted lead CM6 in patients with heart diseases during exertion. AB - In 76 patients suffering from heart diseases and 19 healthy men simultaneously the chest leads V(2), V(4) and V(5) were recorded and the bipolar lead CM(6) (Manubrium sterni-Apex cordis, 6th intercostal space) transmitted telemetrically during increasing exercise load on the bicycle ergometer. The lead CM(6) was most similar to chest lead V(5) with regard to R/S-ratio, ST-depression, form and amplitude of the T-wave, QX-QT-ratio and ST-elevation. ST-depressions of V(5) were found nearly without exception in CM(6), mostly more pronounced. Ascending ST-depressions are more frequent in CM(6) than in V(5), in single patients also ST-depressions with horizontal or downward slope. ST-elevations registrated in V(2) and V(4) are not reliably reproduced in CM(6). It is concluded that the wireless transmission of the bipolar chest lead CM(6) is sufficient for the diagnosis of coronary insufficiency during exercise, PMID- 1130132 TI - [Coronary fistula into the sinus coronarius. Hemodynamics, clinical aspects, therapy]. AB - Coronary artery fistulas are rare, inborn anomalies which will be diagnosed more often as the diagnostic method of coronary arteriography is increasing. This report concerns a preoperatively diagnosed coronary arteriovenous fistula of the right coronary artery to the sinus coronarius; Frequency, pathological physiology, clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment are discussed. The importance of using selective coronary arteriography to outline the anatomy of these malformations is stressed. Surgical treatment is the only effective way of therapy and should be performed after diagnosis, even if in an early stage of the disease the ECG does not show any changes in spite of a large fistula. PMID- 1130133 TI - [Ammonium- and urea concentration in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni]. PMID- 1130134 TI - Trypanosoma rhodesiense: folate levels in sera and tissues of normal and folic acid-deficient rats. AB - An experimental model composed of the folic acid deficient Sprague-Dawley rat and Trypanosoma rhodesiense was used to study folate levels in sera and tissues. Serum folate levels in well fed rats inoculated on day 21 averaged 21 plus or minus ng/ml; well fed normal rats averaged 18 plus or minus 4 ng/ml. In rats given the pair-fed control diet, serum folate levels averaged 17.2 plus or minus 4 ng/ml for trypanosome-free animals and 20.2 plus or minus 3 ng/ml for infected ones. In rats given the folic acid-deficient diet, serum folate levels averaged 8.6 plus or minus 2 ng/ml for noninfected control animals and 9.3 plus or minus 2 ng/ml for trypanosome-infected ones. Regardless of diet, the infected animals inoculated on day 56 had higher serum folate levels over the controls on the last day of observation (day 5 of infection). Livers from rats fed complete and pair fed diets and inoculated on day 21 showed no significant differences in folate content when compared to control animals. However, livers of rats on a deficient diet showed significantly more folate when compared with uninfected controls, reaching a maximum of 362% of day 25. Liver folate levels of rats (regardless of the dietary regimen) inoculated on day 56 showed significantly higher values than the controls on day 60. Irrespective of the time of inoculation or diet, brain and spinal cord of T. rhodesiense-infected rats had significantly higher folate values than their controls on day 5 of infection. The folate level of the brain and spinal cord, at this time, ranged up to 58 and 107% respectively. PMID- 1130135 TI - Routine angiographic follow-up examinations after vascular surgery. AB - In 28 (i.e. 11.8 percent) of 237 primary vascular reconstructions stenoses of the reconstructed vascular segment caused by technical errors could be verified by post-operative follow-up angiography. These errors very often cannot be recognized intra-operatively, but since they disturb the haemodynamics, they can be regarded as the cause of re-occlusions. Immediate reoperation is indicated. Though the routine performance of follow-up angiography requires additional efforts, they seem to be justified by the results obtained. The pictures show typical post-operative angiographies, which shall illustrate our study. PMID- 1130136 TI - Anomalous coronary artery origin and bicuspid aortic valve. AB - A patient presenting with signs and symptoms suggesting myocardial ischemia was found to have anomalous origin of his right coronary artery from the left aortic sinus of valsalva associated with a bicuspid aortic valve. Abnormal left ventricular function with anaerobic myocardial metabolism was documented in the absence of significant coronary artery disease or aortic obstruction. The possible relationship of these findings to the coronary artery anomaly and bicuspid aortic valve is considered. The necessity of identification of the origin of the coronary arteries is re-emphasized in the evaluation of patients with bicuspid aortic valves coming to cardiac catheterization. Anomalous origin of a coronary artery is a rare occurrence. The association of this anomaly with a bicuspid aortic valve has not been emphasized and the possible clinical consequences of this combination of malformations have not been described. We recently evaluated a patient with anomalous origin of right coronary artery from the left coronary ostium and a bicuspid aortic valve. A description of these findings follows. PMID- 1130137 TI - Surgical correction of a kinked carotid artery in an asymptomatic child. PMID- 1130138 TI - Results of treatment of experimental pulmonary embolism, as determined by radioactive microspheres. AB - In this experimental study seventeen dogs subjected to pulmonary embolism were treated with either saline, heparine or streptokinase. Regional blood distribution was calculated in both, the healthy and infarcted lung tissue by means at the sequental injection of radioactive microspheres. Results of fibrinolytic treatment compare favourable over heparine or saline administration. PMID- 1130140 TI - [Role of liver lipogenesis of growing rats and fattening chickens. 4. Metabolic pathways of glucose in lipogenetic active liver of rats and fattening chickens]. PMID- 1130139 TI - [Role of liver in lipogenesis of growing rats and fattening chickens. 3. Enzyme activities in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in rat and chicken liver]. PMID- 1130141 TI - [Alkan yeasts in poultry nutrition. 4. Fodder value of alkan yeasts in baby quail]. PMID- 1130142 TI - [In vivo studies on pyruvate dehydrogenase in chicken. 1. Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase]. PMID- 1130143 TI - [Effect of various nutritional energy sources on ruminal and carcass lipid composition in fattening bulls]. PMID- 1130144 TI - [Evidence of seasonal variations of serum proteins of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.) by cellulose acetate electrophoresis]. PMID- 1130145 TI - [Jcsw, a genetic variant in the J-blood group system of the goat]. PMID- 1130146 TI - Protein loss in piglets infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. PMID- 1130147 TI - The fate of antigen (131-I-labelled chicken serum albumin) in the blood of piglets during their postnatal development. PMID- 1130148 TI - [Studies on the immune response to DNP hapten in different breeds of pig]. PMID- 1130149 TI - Evaluation in donkeys on an inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccine. PMID- 1130150 TI - [Elimination of Aujesky's disease from various pig breeding herds]. PMID- 1130151 TI - [The paralysis-inducing capacity of various Persicargas spp. and populations in fowls]. PMID- 1130152 TI - [The renal fossae of the dometic birds Gallus domesticus, Meleagris galloparvo, Anser domesticus and Anas platyrhynchos]. PMID- 1130153 TI - The foramina of the cervical vertebrae of the ox. Part II: Cervical vertebrae 3- 7. PMID- 1130154 TI - The fine structure of the fundic stomach epithelium of the western newt (Triturus torosus) I. Resting, non-stimulated. PMID- 1130155 TI - Anatomical studies of the accessory nerve in the Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). PMID- 1130156 TI - [The fine structure of normal capillaries in the grey matter of the cerebral cortex in the pig]. PMID- 1130157 TI - On the mechanism of maleate action on rat kidney mitochondria. Effect on substrate-level phosphorylation. AB - 1. Maleate inhibits the substrate-level phosphorylation linked to anaerobic dismutation of 2-oxoglutarate in rat kidney mitochondria. 2. Phosphate and magnesium diminish the inhibitory effect of maleate. Arsenate also relieves the inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate consumption but only at low (1 mM) phosphate concentration; at higher concentrations, the action of phosphate and arsenate is competitive. 3. Acetoacetate, malonate and succinate, the substrates of CoA transferase, relieve the inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate metabolism by maleate both in the respiring mitochondria and in the "anaerobic" system containing antimycin and rotenone. 4. The interference in succinyl-CoA metabolism by maleate is discussed as a possible mechanism of the inhibitory action of this compound. PMID- 1130158 TI - Intracellular localization and some properties of UDPG: sterol glucosyltransferase from Calendula officinalis. AB - UDPG: sterol glucosyltransferase is localized in the 2-week-old C. officinalis seedling in the membrane structures, separated from chloroplasts and mitochondria, and consisting probably of fragments of the Golgi apparatus. A minor part of the enzyme activity is associated with the microsomal fraction. A number of synthetic detergents stimulate the activity of the membrane-bound enzyme causing its solubilization. The enzyme preparation purified about 70-fold is strongly inhibited by HgCl2 and p-chloromercuribenzoate; it is markedly stimulated by mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol, and to a lesser extent by Mg2+ and Ca2+ as well as by some chelating and reducing agents. UMP stimulates and UDP and UTP markedly inhibit the enzyme activity. The enzyme does not act on 4 methylsterols although it utilizes a number of 4-demethylsterols. It seems that the presence of a double bond in ring B enhances the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme. Delta-5-Sterols are utilized at a higher rate than delta-7 sterols. Saturated sterols and delta-25-sterols are poor substrates. PMID- 1130159 TI - Molecular properties of the inducible lupanine hydroxylase from growing cultures of Pseudomonas lupanini. AB - An improved method for isolation of lupanine hydroxylase, giving a 450-fold purification, is presented. The molecular weight of the enzyme is about 72 000, and the sedimentation coefficient S20, W 5.05. The enzyme contains a component similar to Pseudomonas cytochromes c. Its oxidation-reduction potential was found to be below + 45 mV. PMID- 1130161 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of endometrial glycogen during the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 1130160 TI - [Action of estrogens on the endometrium and mammae of castrated monkeys]. PMID- 1130162 TI - Thrombocytopenia complicating infectious hepatitis. AB - A patient of 50 years is admitted to hospital. He is found to be suffering from infectious hepatitis complicated by thrombocytopenia, the initial platelet count being 10 000 per mul soon falling to 2000 per mul. A prompt increase in the number of platelets is seen during treatment with prednisone, but a sudden fall is observed after a gradual reduction of prednisone to zero, the reaction for hepatitis associated antigen at that point still being positive. After a renewed therapy with adrenocortical steroid, the platelet count is within normal limits, and the patient is discharged with a small dose of prednisone. At the time of discharging, the HAA reaction had been negative for 3 weeks. After treatment with a small dose of prednisone for 2 months, the patient was taken into hospital. In the course of one week the dose of prednisone was gradually reduced without any fall in the platelet count. The possibility of lysis of a platelet-virus antigen as an explanation of thrombocytopenia complicating infectious hepatitis is discussed. PMID- 1130163 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis and small intestinal lesion--no strict association in german patients. AB - Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) has been reported to be associated with various degrees of intestinal villous atrophy in 19 to 68 percent of the cases studied. This was true particularly in British and American populations. The present investigation deals with morphological and functional characteristics of small intestinal mucosa in a group of German DH patients (n=16): No case of villous atrophy could be detected, whereas interepithelial lymphocytes were shown to be slightly but significantly elevated. Intestinal disaccharidase activities were not statistically different from those of healthy control subjects, and oral lactose tolerance tests were normal in each of 8 patients tested. Genetical and immunological differences between our DH patients and those studied by British and American authors may be responsible for the basically different results as to "dermatogenic enteropathy". PMID- 1130164 TI - Xylose absorption test before and after surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. AB - The aim of the study was to ascertain whether the acceleration of physical development in children after operation for coarctation of the aorta is due to the improved intestinal absorption. Lowered values of the oral xylose absorption test were found in all 9 patients before surgery. In all the patients who had been operated on, sphigmo-oscillometry revealed an increased pulsatile character of the blood flow, pulsatile volume in the lower extremities, and a rise of mean arterial blood pressure in this area. On the other hand, surgical repair had no influence on the renal blood flow as evidenced by PAH clearance and isotope renography. There was no correlation of diuresis and the xylose excretion test. Increased values of the xylose test after operation for coarctation of the aorta are due to the increased intestinal absorption rather than to improved renal function. Improved intestinal absorption may be a factor responsible for the accelerated physical development of children operated on for coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 1130165 TI - Editorial: Diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. PMID- 1130166 TI - The effects of aminoacetonitrile and its derivative on components of hepatic connective tissue in rats with chronic hepatic injury. AB - Aminoacetonitrile (AAN) and its derivative, p-carboxyphenylglycyl aminoacetonitrile (p-CPGAAN) were given to rats with chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and their effects of the components of the hepatic connective tissue were studied. 1. Both AAN and p-CPGAAN markedly inhibited an increase in the amount of collagen in injured liver and in addition these agents interferred with an increase in the amount of hepatic glycosaminoglycans, particularly of the sulfated fraction. 2. In the AAN-treated group, such side effects attributable to AAN as loss of the body weight, depilation and exostosis were observed and an increase in the hepatic collagen solubility was also noted. However, no apparent side effect was found in the p-CPGAAN-treated group, and there was no difference in the solubility profile of hepatic collagen between the p-CPGAAN-treated and control groups. 3. It is assumed that p-CPGAAN has an action to prevent the hepatic fibrosis via a mechanism different from that of the lathyrogenic action. PMID- 1130167 TI - The carbon-tetrachloride-hepatotoxicity as a model of liver damage. First report: Long-time biochemical changes. AB - 176 Growing female Wistar rats get injections of 1 ml CCl4 per kg twice a week. Seven days after the beginning of the experiment over a period of eight weeks blood samples were collected after the decapitation of the animals for liver function tests. The CCl4-hepatotoxicity seems to have a three or four phased course. The first phase of two or three weeks is characterised by a necrosis, demonstrated by the rising enzymes values, and a beginning damage of the liver as shown by the decreasing value of the pseudocholinesterasis. The second phase of two or three weeks is charcterised by as massive fatty infiltration and an increasing necrosis, demonstrated by the high plateau of the triglycerides, the increase of SGOT and the BSP-retention and the decrease of the pseudocholinesterases. These values may correspond to a liver fibrosis at the end, too. The third phase is marked by more increasing values of the SGOT, hydroxyproline, triglycerides and BSP-retention. The final decrease of the pseudocholinesterasis and liver weight demonstrate a reduced synthetical ability and an atrophy of the liver. The rats were in this last phase in a nearly pre final state. --These biochemical changes of the CCl4-hepatotoxicity which correspond to histological damages reported elsewhere seem to be a good measure to characterise liver damage quantitatively and qualitatively. The therefore may be used as a model for systematical studies in the repair of a disturbed liver function. PMID- 1130168 TI - Statistical correlations of diffuse cerebral atrophy, with special reference to diagnostic and aetiological clues. AB - To evaluate diagnostic and aetiological clues for diffuse cerebral atrophy, the statistical correlations between 35 pneumoencephalographic and 97 clinical variables in 268 patients were analysed. Each case of diffuce cerebral atrophy was originally of unknown cause, and all had pneumoencephalography. Ventricular diffuse atrophy correlated positively with psychic and co-ordinative impairment and dysarthria, and cortical diffuse cerebral atrophy with psychic impairment (P smaller than 0.01 to 0.001). There was a close correlation (P smaller than 0.001) of cortical diffuse cerebral atrophy with use of vibrating tools at work. Psychic impairment combined with co-ordinative dysfunction and dysarthria is an unspecific syndrome, but should make one think of diffuse cerebral atrophy, Arteriosclerosis, abuse of alcohol, and vibrating tools at work appear to have aetiological significance for some types of diffuse cerebral atrophy. Thus the number of patients with idiopathic diffuse cerebral atrophy may rapidly decline. PMID- 1130169 TI - The degree of alpha asymmetry and its relation to handedness in neuropsychiatric referrals. AB - While alpha rhythm asymmetry among normals is thoroughly documented, the significance of this finding in patients is not well known. The occurrences of alpha amplitude asymmetry in 82 clinical referrals of neuropsychiatric patients was studied in this research. Two separate means of quantifying the alpha asymmetry were used: The first by visual inspection; and the second by measurement in a standard manner. A handedness questionaire was administered and indicated that 77 of the sample were right- and five were left-handed patients. By measurement, the mean overall differences in the alpha amplitude between the hemisphere was small (4 per cent) and non-significant. Seventeen patients showed a difference of 15 per cent or greater, and in two the difference reached 33 per cent. It was concluded that alpha asymmetry must be interpreted with care because it was found that there was an association between left-temporal abnormalities and ipsilateral alpha enhancement, and the greater degrees of asymmetry were found in normal EEGs. PMID- 1130170 TI - The effect of dantrium on spasticity of hemiplegic patients. AB - The effect of a new peripherally acting muscle relaxant drug Dantrium, on spasticity tested on 11 hemiplegic patients. The effect was evaluated both with regular clinical examination and with electromyographic technique. The latter concerned a quantitative analysis of the patients' voluntary control of fine neuromuscular activity both with and without the drug. The results indicated that spasticity was initially markedly reduced in the majority of the patients without, however, meaningfully increasing the daily-living functions of the patients. After a few months, the medication could be discontinued without any immediate increase in the spasticity. No severe side-effects were noted. In some cases, the medication had to be discontinued due to marked tiredness. Electromyographically, it was found that the ability of the patients to control fine neuromuscular activity with the paretic muscles was increased significantly with Dantrium, indicating that the reduction of the spasticity increased the ability for fine control of the muscles. PMID- 1130171 TI - Hereditary ataxia, photomyoclonus, skeletal deformities and lipoma. AB - An account is given of a form of hereditary, cerebellar ataxia and photomyoclonus. Eight cases from 5 generations were affected. The disease seemed to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. The age at onset usually varied between 35 to 40 years. The symptoms and signs consisted of a cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria and intention tremor. There was no nystagmus. All patients exhibited photomyoclonus and were extremely sensitive to photic stimuli. Other signs were dementia, kyphosis, pes cavus and lipoma localized in the nape of the neck, shoulders and back. Two patients had a partial syndrome with photonyoclonus and skeletal deformities. None of the patients suffered from epilepsy, In one case, histopathological examination revealed atrophy within the cerebellar cortex, dentate nucleus and the posterior columns of the spinal cord. It is concluded that this syndrome belongs to a groups of hereditary ataxias and myoclonus, and differs from myoclonic cerebellar dyssynergia (Ramsay Hunt) and alos from a variety of familial myoclonus and ataxia (Gilbert et al. 1963); PMID- 1130172 TI - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (cholestanolosis). Investigations on two sisters and their family. AB - Two sisters, aged 38 and 32, suffering from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis are described. The most important clinical findings were xanthomas, central nervous affection with motor and mental dysfunction, EEG changes and juvenile cataract. The diagnosis was established by the demonstration of increased amounts of cholestanol in serum. Both sisters had amenorrhea, and their excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone in the urine was increased. In the elder sister, the levels of urinary 17-keto steroids, androsterone and estradiol were also increased. Other unusual features of the disease in the elder sister were hyper prebeta-lipoproteinemia and serum cholesterol in the higher normal range. PMID- 1130173 TI - Use of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test in the differentiation between pyelonephritis and cystitis. AB - NBT tests were performed on blood from 37 patients with urinary tract infections caused by coliform bacteria. The level of infections was evaluated by the clinical signs, ESR, renal concentrating capacity and titre of antibodies against the strains of E. coli isolated in their urine. Elevated proportions of NBT positive neutrophils were found in 11 of 14 patients with pyelonephritis and in 3 of 23 patients with cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). The total number of NBT-positive neutrophils was 1000 or more per mm3 blood in 11 of 13 patients considered to have pyelonephritis, while it was 800 or less in all the patients investigated, evaluated as having cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria. The NBT test is recommended as an adjunct in the level diagnosis or urinary tract infections in children. The utility of the test in smouldering pyelonephritis is presently being investigated. PMID- 1130174 TI - The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954-1970. I. Analysis of the general changes. AB - From an unselected series of 560 cases of cerebral palsy in Sweden, born 1954-70, the changes in incidence through the four periods 1954-58, 1959-62, 1963-66 and 1967-70 were analyzed. The total incidence successively and significantly decreased from 2.2% in the first period to 1.3% in the last. This decrease was mainly related to (1) the syndromes of spastic and ataxic diplegia, (2) the low birth weight babies, and (3) the group with perinatal causes. The decrease was not related to any special intelligence quotient or geographical region. PMID- 1130175 TI - The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954-1970. II. Analysis of the various syndromes. AB - From an unselected series of 560 Swedish cases of cerebral palsy, born 1954-1970, various data of etiologic and pathogenetic interest were analyzed in detail. Untraceable and prenatal factors were found to dominate within the group of spastic hemiplegia. Placental dysfunction in small-for-date babies and severe asphyxia were thought to be the two main pathogenetic factors among the patients with spastic tetraplegia. In spite of a significant decrease in the number of low birth weight children within the group of spastic diplegia, this syndrome was still very characteristic for the child born immature. Ataxic diplegic forms were found to have greater pathogenic similarities to spastic diplegia than to simple ataxia. In two-thirds of the children the latter syndrome was characterized by normal pregnancy, delivery and birth weight and an untraceable (genetic?) factor. Dyskinetic syndromes were mostly encountered after perinatal asphyxia. PMID- 1130176 TI - A new form of prolonged transient tyrosinemia presenting with severe metabolic acidosis. AB - Yet another form of tyrosinemia is described, in a young baby who developed metabolic acidosis and ceased to grow when weaned from breast milk onto a higher protein formula. Severe tyrosyluria and mild tyrosinemia cleared on a low-protein diet which also corrected the acidosis. However, restoration of growth required a normal protein intake with very greatly reduced amounts of phenylalanine and tyrosine. The metabolic fault later resolved spontaneously at about 12 months of age. Mental development appears normal and liver disease was never apparent. The patient and her mother both excrete quite large quantities of an unidentified peptide. PMID- 1130177 TI - Cystine deficiency during dietotherapy of homocystinemia. AB - Cystine deficiency was inadvertently produced in a boy receiving specific dietary therapy for homocystinuria. This was manifested as a loss in weight, the reappearance of significant amounts of homocystine in the plasma and urine, and the elevation of the plasma methionine level. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the level of cystine in the plasma. This reduction in plasma cystine level differentiates cystine deficiency from loss of biochemical control due to failure to keep the prescribed diet. The addition of cystine to the regime of this child, without any other dietary modification, resulted in a complete remission. PMID- 1130178 TI - Iatrogenic osteomalacia in epileptic children. A controlled therapeutic trial. AB - Bone mineral content (BMC) ub tge forearms (related to total body calcium) was measured for a controlled therapeutic trial in 25 epileptic children on long-term treatment with phenytoin and in 22 normal children before and during treatment with vitamin D or placebo. In the epileptic children, hypocalcaemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase was found in 20% and 16%, respectively. The group of epileptic children treated with vitamin D2 (2000 IU daily) for 3 months showed a significant increase in bone mineral content, 5% on average. The epileptic children treated with placebo showed a significant decrease, 2% on average, while the normal children treated with vitamin D or placebo showed no change in bone mineral content. The results indicate a possible benefit of prophylactic vitamin D treatment in epileptic children. PMID- 1130179 TI - Health and behaviour in four-year-old children. AB - A health control of an unselected population of 2447 4-year-old-children included a thorough somatic examination as well as an analysis of child upbringing practice and problems. The relation between the children's physical health, as defined by presence or absence or "functionally important health problems" and the children's behaviour, as reported by their mothers, was elucidated. On the whole, children with health problems were not perceived as more troublesome, although children with some special kinds of disturbances, e.g. neurological and dental, constituted problems in certain areas, e.g. toilet training and hyperactivity. The use of blame as a method of upbringing was very frequent and especially frequent in children with dental defects and visual disturbances. The perception of behaviour problems and the use of methods in upbringing were the same in children with newly detected health problems as in children with previously known health problems. The implications for the Child Health Service are to identify these risk-groups, to advise and support them in order to reduce parent-child conflicts. PMID- 1130180 TI - An epidemiological study of child health and nutrition in a northern Swedish county. VII. A comparative study of general and dental health, food habits and socio-economic conditions in 4-year-old children. AB - A study of the general and dental health and the food habits of randomly selected 4-year-old Swedish urban children was performed. The results were compared with the findings of an investigation carried out four years earlier in the same area. In comparison with the earlier study no significant differences were found in haemoglobin values, packed red cell volume, microsedimentation rate and anthropometric measurements. The food habits had altered. A reduction in the frequency of between-meal consumption, particularly of sweets and soft drinks, as well as a reduction of the frequency of meat, fish and egg consumption was found. The children had an increased sandwich and milk consumption. The caries frequency was markedly reduced, which might be explained by the decreased between-meal consumption and an increased consumption of fluoride tablets. The food habits and the caries situation were generally influenced by the parents' socio-economic conditions, especially their educational level. PMID- 1130181 TI - Absence of insulin resistance in 4 cases of mild juvenile diabetes. A preliminary report. AB - Four children with a mild non-insulin-requiring diabetes were studied. They had no insulin response at intravenous glucose tolerance test. When insulin was infused at a rate which simulated a normal early insulin response to intravenous glucose, blood glucose decreased to the same extent as it did in healthy subjects. When a normal early insulin response was simulated during the intravenous glucose tolerance test, the glucose assimilation rate was normalized. These results suggests that a peripheral resistance to insulin is unlikely in mild juvenile diabetes, and that the primary defect is a deficient release of insulin. PMID- 1130182 TI - Submaximal blood flow and blood viscosity in newborn infants. AB - In newborn infants with varying hematocrit values the submaximal blood flow has been studied by the use of strain gauge plethysmography under standardized conditions. Submaximal flow was defined as the flow obtained after 4 minutes of suprasystolic occlusion. With increasing hematocrit there was a decreasing maximal flow. Capillary filtration coefficient seemed to decrease with increasing hematocrit. The relation between circulatory failure in newborns due to abnormally high hematocrit and low capacity to increase blood flow upon demand has been discussed. PMID- 1130183 TI - Temperature regulation in children during exercise. AB - Rectal and skin temperature and sweat rate were measured in eight 11-year-old boys exercising one hour on a bicycle ergometer at each of three different work loads. Rectal temperature rose according to the relative work load and reached a steady state level after a shorter time than had been previously observed in adult subjects. A good relationship was observed between the levelling off value of rectal temperature during work and the relative work load, but the value of rectal temperature at rest just before the start of work affects this steady state value. The average skin temperature was kept fairly constant during exercise except on the heaviest work load (70%), during which it rose about 1 degree C mainly as a result of the rise in skin temperature on the arm, hand and thigh. Temperature increases on skin locations in general were minimal except on the back where the temperature decreased slightly. Sweat rate showed a close relationship to the absolute work load, and in this report the conclusion is supported that the 11-year-old boys regulate their body temperature during exercise at constant work load in the same way as do adult subjects. PMID- 1130184 TI - Growing pains and restless legs. AB - Growing pains is a common and distressing symptom in children, but has aroused little interest. There is a similarity between growing pains and the painful form of restless legs, but it is not known if these two conditions are identical. I have recently observed a family in which the mother has growing pains since her childhood. The pain persists in adult age, which is unusual. She also has typical restless legs. Her three sons have severe growing pains. The study of this family has convinced me that growing pains and restless legs are different conditions. PMID- 1130185 TI - Chemically defined diet in the treatment of kwashiorkor. AB - Kwashkorkor is associated with malabsorption of energy and nutrients. Standard diets often initiate diarrhea and a high mortality is still prevalent. A synthetic monomolecular formula has been evaluated and compared with a standard diet in the early rehabilitation phase of 21 children with kwashiorkor. The formula group had significantly less vomiting and reached minimum weight faster than the group on standard diet. Weight gain and diarrhea were similar. The rise of albumin and BUN was faster on standard diet. A significant increase in haemoglobin was seen only in the formula group. A rise in body temperature after a meal was evident in most patients and significantly more pronounced in the formula group. The lower total nitrogen content of the formula may explain the observed slower rise in albumin and BUN but the ready utilization was indicated by the favourable weight changes as well as the rise in rectal temperature. As high energy per volume was desirable the formula was not diluted to isoosmolality. However, the high glucose concentration in the experimental diet probably caused some negative effects. PMID- 1130186 TI - Endocrinological aspects at follow-up studies in neonatal hypoglycaemia. AB - Thirty-seven cases of neonatal hypoglycaemia were studied at follow-up at the age of 2 6/12-r 9/12 years. Two of them had had hypoglycaemia were stuafter the newborn period, and another patient died in a hypoglycaemic state following surgery at 10 weeks of age. Twenty-three children had oral glucose tolerance tests and intravenous insulin tolerance tests performed. Diabetic glucose tolerance was noted in 3 children. None of them showed symptoms of diabetes mellitus, neither was there any family history of diabetes. One of these patients had experienced hypoglycaemia after the newborn period and responded with hyperinsulinism during the glucose tolerance test. The other hypoglycaemic patient showed an exaggerated insulin release in response to tolbutamide. Deficient serum cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was demonstrated in 7 patients and 6 of these had concomitant minimal growth hormone response. One of these patients also had a diabetic glucose tolerance. None were of short stature. It is probable that a disturbance in the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis may contribute to an impaired carbohydrate metabolism in some patients with neonatal hypoglycaemia. PMID- 1130187 TI - The effect of various therapeutic trials on the prophyrin excretion in a case of congenital erythropoietic prophyria. AB - A patient with a biochemically "new" type of congenital erythropoietic porphyria has been studied under various therapeutic trials. Splenectomy had no demonstrable effect on porphyrin excretion or clinical picture. Vitamin E caused a moderate fall in porphyrin excretion, however, there was no significant improvement in light tolerance and tendency to hemolysis. Beta-carotene reduced skin photosensitivity appreciably, while total porphyrin excretion remained unchanged and the tendency to develop hemolytic anemia showed only slight improvement. Red cell transfusion caused a rapid, dramatic fall in prophyrin excretion (in 4-5 days) and a transient increase in light tolerance, while the distribution of the different porphyrins excreted remained unchanged. These observations indicate that all or nearly the abnormal porphyrins excreted are of erythropoietic origin, and that the overwhelming part of the porphyrins originate from an abnormal population of shortlived red cells. Findings on fluorescence microscopy of blood and bone marrow support this view. Meticulous protection against light of the shorter wavelengths caused a similar rise in hemoglobin level as produced by red cell transfusion, however, in this instance the total excretion of porphyrins did not fall. It is suggested that the inhibitory effect of transfusion on erythropoiesis (and thereby porphyrin excretion) might be due partly to a depression of erythropoietin formation, partly to the presence of an erythropoiesis inhibiting factor (chalone) in the transfused red cells. PMID- 1130189 TI - Hypertension associated with unilateral renal disease in childhood. Report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Two girls are described, aged 7 and 10 years respectively, who presented with arterial hypertension associated with unilateral kidney disease. Both were cured by nephrectomy, according to criteria for cure which are described in the paper. Only 45 similar cases could be found in the literature; these results are summarized and compared with those obtained in adult patients. The cure rate in children was 76%; similar large series including patients of all ages, but consisting predominantly of adults, show cure rates of only about 25%. It is inferred that the age of the patient is an important factor in determining prognosis, and should be considered in the selection of patients for nephrectomy. Methods of investigation of these patients, and possible mechanisms concerned in the pathogenesis of the hypertension, are briefly discussed. PMID- 1130188 TI - Studies on photopherapy in newborn infants. Influence on protein binding of bilirubin and salicylate and on activity of acetylsalicylic acid esterase. AB - Phototherapy of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia was shown to result in an increase in hematocrit values and in the activity of the erythrocyte enzyme acetylsalicylic acid esterase. The elevation of the enzyme activity also could be produced in light-treated rabbits and in vitro after illumination of blood from adult volunteers. The binding of bilirubin to serum albumin and of salicylate to plasma proteins did not alter, nor did the concentrations of albumin or total proteins in plasma. It is concluded that light does not increase the unbound fraction of bilirubin in blood. PMID- 1130190 TI - Exchange transfusions with concentrated ACD-blood. II. Effects on bilirubin, total protein, chloride, phosphate, calcium, magnesium and potassium. AB - During ten exchange transfusions with ACD-blood (NIH, sol. B), newborn infants' bilirubin, plasma protein and electrolyte gain or loss were studied quantitatively. The loss of bilirubin was closely correlated to the pre-exchange bilirubin concentration. On the average, there was a significant loss of plasma chloride of 3.21 mmol per kg bodyweight. There were no significant gains or losses of plasma protein or sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium of whole blood during the ET. There was a calculated significant inflow of whole blood calcium from the extravascular space of 0.02 mmol per kg bodyweight together with a calculated significant increase of plasma phosphate of 0.06 mmol per kg bodyweight. PMID- 1130191 TI - Histological and biochemical changes in neonatal thyroid tissues. AB - The thyroid tissues of 17 infants who died between 3 hours and 46 days after birth were studied by histological and biochemical techniques. The morphological aspect and the iodine content of these tissues are not related to the gestational age of the neonates, but they are related to the survival time. There are dramatic events early after birth: desquamation of the epithelium and absence of colloid, low iodine content of tissue extract (less than 1 mu g 127I per mg of protein) and low percentage of thryoglobulin (less than 10%). 24 hours after birth, the vesicles fill with colloid and the epithelium is cuboidal; the iodine content of the protein increases (between 1 and 2 mu g 127I per mg protein) as well as the thyroglobulin percentate (around 20%). One week after birth, there is a maximum of colloid and flat epithelium; the iodine content of the protein extract is much higher (more than 2 mu g 127I per mg protein) as is thyroglobulin percentage (up to 40%). Our studies of thyroid tissues of neonates suggest that a leakage of colloid, iodine and thyroglobulin takes place in the perinatal period, this phenomenon being followed by their rapid repletion. PMID- 1130192 TI - Abnormal proteolysis in sick newborns. AB - 87 newborn infants were studied on their first day of life for defects in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. The infants were divided into two diagnostic groups, one with IRDS, the other with mixed neonatal disorders. Factor V, fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were abnormal more often than any of the other factors examined. The presence or absence of "multiple defects" appeared to depend on the severity of the illness and its ultimate course. Thus 28% of the surviving infants or 85% of those who died had "multiple defects". The pattern of abnormalities did not differ between the infants with IRDS and those with mixed disorders. The "multiple defects" are ascribed to the following mechanisms: (1) impaired synthesis due to vitamin K deficiency and/or liver damage, (2) abnormal proteolytic activity stimulated by tissue damage and causing (a) an activation of the coagulation process (b) activation of the fibrinolytic system, or (c) of both the coagulation and the fibrinolytic systems. Differentiation between these pathways to defective haemostasis are important when deciding upon therapeutic measures in addition to the basic treatment. PMID- 1130193 TI - Renal biopsy studies in 150 children with non-specific glomerulopathy. AB - The experience with light microscopic examination of kidney biopsies in 150 children with nonspecific glomerulopathy is reported. Most major types of glomerular lesions, as they are at present known, were observed but in a very uneven distribution. Four groups of clinical symptoms were observed in the primary as well as in the associated non-specific glomerulopathies: hematuria, proteinuria, acute nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome. Although in a number of instances, the histologic lesion was suggested by the clinical picture, a correlation was lacking in most instances. More information was obtained from the histology when the evolution was considered, particularly in the primary nephrotic syndrome and the Schonlein-Henoch nephropathy. PMID- 1130194 TI - Oxygen affinity of haemoglobin and red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in childhood diabetes. AB - Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) were determined in 32 ambulatory, non-acidotic diabetic children and in 49 healthy children. Despite the fact that the diabetic children had, on average, an increased haemoglobin concentration, their erythrocytes contained significantly more 2,3-DPG than normal. Both in diabetic and in healthy children a negative relationship was found between the content of 2,3-DPG and the haemoglobin concentrations. No relationship was present between the plasma glucose and the 2,3-DPG concentration. The concentration of plasma inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the diabetic children was significantly higher than in the control children, and for all children there was a significant relationship between the 2,3-DPG and the Pi. In the diabetics 2,3-DPG was positively correlated to the P50 (7.40) and to the P50 (in vivo ph) of the ODC. However, despite the significant increase in 2,3-DPG among the diabetic children the average P50 (7.40) and P50 (in vivo pH) was not increased as compared with the control children. The inhibitory factor preventing the oxygen affinity from decreasing among the diabetics was strongly correlated to an increase in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. The result of this study suggests the presence of an increased amount of haemoglobin fraction with high oxygen affinity (haemoglobin Alc) in the red cells of juvenile diabetics. PMID- 1130195 TI - Infantile genetic agranulocytosis. A review with presentation of ten new cases. AB - A review of the literature on the subject since 1956 is made in connection with a presentation of ten new cases from northern Sweden. Nine of these are related to the main pedigree published in 1956. Consanguinity between the parents has been established in two of the new families. The clinical course was identical to that described in 1956. A few additional details are presented. The granulocytopenia is present on the first day of life and the granulocyte count subsequently rapidly decreases during the first week. The existence of a diaplacental factor is regarded highly probable. It is assumed that the maturation defect in the granulocyte precursors may be due to deficiency of a serum factor. The fact that many cases of infantile genetic agranulocytosis occur sporadically is finally explained. PMID- 1130196 TI - Renal vein thrombosis in neonates. Report of three cases treated with nephrectomy. AB - Three neonates with unilateral renal vein thrombosis successfully treated with nephrectomy are reported. One of them also received Heparin therapy before and after surgery because of evidence of consumptive coagulopathy. All were well at follow-up. PMID- 1130197 TI - The occurrence of mycoplasmas in the urinary tract of patients with chronic pyelonephritis. AB - Two groups of patients, each consisting of 40, were investigated for the occurrence of mycoplasmas in the urethra, bladder and upper urinary tract. Mycoplasmas were isolated significantly more frequently from the bladder urine of patients with chronic pyelonephritis than from patients with non-infectious urinary tract diseases. Furthermore, mycoplasmas were isolated from the upper urinary tract of 5 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, while mycoplasmas could not be cultivated from the upper urinary tract of patients with non-infectious urinary tract diseases. PMID- 1130198 TI - Application of electrophoresis for separation of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in combined therapy. AB - Determination of the concentration of each drug in the combination trimethoprim: sulphamethoxazole was performed in patient sera by separation of the drugs by electrophoresis in agarose-gel followed by microbiological assay. The electrophoretic method was equivalent to the methods used in the routine and showed good reproducibility, PMID- 1130199 TI - Studies on the pathogenicity for rat of a mycoplasma isolated from rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The pathogenicity for rat of M. arthritidis strain Jasmin and strain 20-P from rheumatoid synovial tissue were studied. Only strain Jasmin produced signs of illness in four of the 12 rats infected. A mycoplasma was isolated from three tissue specimens. Ten of the 48 rats investigated showed mycoplasma antibodies. Five rats showed minor inflammatory changes in the distal joints of the limbs. The failure to induce arthritic symptoms in rats inoculated with strain 20-P from rheumatoid arthritis may be due to its 10-year long storage outside the animal host. PMID- 1130200 TI - [Endotoxin and insulin synergism in untreated mice and mice with alloxan diabetes]. PMID- 1130201 TI - [Rheological interaction of emulsifiers of and ointment bases. I. The effect of emulsifiers on the properties of ointment components]. PMID- 1130202 TI - [The effect of cellulose derivatives on some physical parameters of tablets]. PMID- 1130203 TI - [Substituted hydroxylamine derivatives acting on the central nervous system]. PMID- 1130204 TI - [Study of the buffer effect in the qualitative analysis of drugs. II]. PMID- 1130205 TI - [Study of the rheological interaction of emulsifiers and ointment bases. II. The effect of emulsifiers on the consistency and physical-colloidal stability]. PMID- 1130206 TI - [Pharmacists graduated from the University of Debrecen]. PMID- 1130207 TI - [Gas chromatographic study of clomiphene citrate isomers]. PMID- 1130208 TI - [The study of ephedrine in drug mixtures. II. The ninhydrin reaction in the quantitative determination of ephedrine]. PMID- 1130209 TI - [Fluorencence study of adrenal cortex hormones]. PMID- 1130210 TI - [Study of the consistency of granulates]. PMID- 1130211 TI - Kinetics of changes in dextran concentration in the blood of rabbits following administration of dextran preparations of various molecular weights. PMID- 1130212 TI - [Metabolism of deprsolone in man]. PMID- 1130213 TI - [Metabolism of Deprenil]. PMID- 1130214 TI - [Quantitative thin layer chromatography for the dtermination of phenothiazine]. PMID- 1130215 TI - Influence of sodium palmitate on the cellular action of potentials of the left ventricle of isolated, perfused guinea-pig heart. AB - Influence of sodium palmitate on the cellular action potentials of the left ventricle of isolated, perfused guinea-pig heart. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1975, 26 (1): 1-11. Transmembrane action potentials (APs) were recorded from the left ventricle and glucose uptake was estimated in the isolated guinea-pig hearts perfused with Langendorff method. After the control period the perfusion fluid was changed for the solution of altered composition containing: 1) 0.5 mM of palmitate complexed with 4% albumin and no glucose; 2) 0.1 mM or 0.5 mM of palmitate added to solution containing 11 mM of glucose; 3) substrate-free solution; 4) solution equilibrated with 5% CO-2 + 95% N-2. In all experimental groups marked shortening of AP duration was observed accompanied by the shortening of the functional refractory period and by the desynchronization of repolarization. The effect of perfusion with the substrate-free solution was similar to that evoked by substituting palmitate for glucose. In all the groups except for anoxia, fibrillation either occurred spontaneously or it was evoked by early extra stimuli. Fibrillation was reversible in all groups except for substitution 0.5 mM palmitate for glucose. Under anoxic conditions loss of excitability was observed, and shortening of AP was smaller than under palmitate. Glucose uptake was inhibited by 30% in the presence of 0.5 mM of palmitate, but not by 0.1 mM of palmitate. Thus changes in the shape of AP are not related to the glucose uptake. The possible effect of palmitate on inhibition of cellular respiration and glycolysis is discussed. PMID- 1130216 TI - Glycogen content in the brain stem neurons during hyperthermia in cats. AB - Using the histochemical method of McManus the authors investigated the glycogen content in neurons in the reticular formation of brain stem in animals subjected to hyperthermia. For comparison certain nuclei outside the reticular formation were tested in the same region. A significant fall in glycogen content of reticular formation neurons was observed in hyperthermic animals. Changes in the neurons outside the reticular formation were negligible. PMID- 1130217 TI - Differences in the composition of leucoyctes in the splenic artery and vein in rabbits, and dogs. AB - Differences in the composition of leucocytes in the splenic artery and vein in rabbits, and dogs. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1975, 26 (1): 33-39. Blood samples were taken from the splenic artery and splenic vein of 14 rabbits and 9 dogs under general anaesthesia (with hexobarbital sodium in rabbits and Eunarcon in dogs) to compare the quantitative and qualitative composition of white blood cells. It was found that the rabbit spleen releases into the circulation mononuclear cells which do not differ in their size from cells of the blood flowing into the spleen, and that it can retain or release granulocytes, probably due to their intravascular margination. The dog spleen can retain or release granulocytes and mononuclears simultaneously or separately, probably due to the mechanism which includes spontaneous contraction of the spleen. PMID- 1130218 TI - Acetylcholine content in the brain and heart of developing rats. AB - Acetylcholine content in the brain and heart of developing rats. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1975, 26 (1): 41-44. The content of acetylcholine was determined in four parts of the brain and in the heart of developing rats. It was found that changes in acetylcholine level were not parallel in the examined brain stuctures and in the heart in the time period from birth to 18 months of age of the rats. PMID- 1130219 TI - The effect of reserpine on acetylcholine synthesis, choline acetylase and cholinesterase activity. AB - The effect of reserpine on acetylcholine synthesis, choline acetylase and cholinesterase activity. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1975, 26 (1): 55-61. Reserpine induced changes in ACh content in various tissues of white rats (cerebral cortex and brain stem, stomach, lungs, heart, spleen) and the effects of reserpine on the synthesis, enzymatic breakdown of ACh, and ChAc activity were studied. Reserpine administered subcutaneously caused a singificant rise in ACh content of the cerebral cortex and insignificant rise in the heart and spleen. Reserpine (in a concentration of 0.25 mug/ml) had no effect on ACh synthesis in vitro. Reserpine in vivo increased significantly ACh synthesis in the brain. No effect of reserpine on ChAc and AChE activity was demonstrated. PMID- 1130220 TI - The effect of peptone shock on oliguric-hypertensive bladder reflex. AB - The effects of peptone shock on changes in the arterial blood pressure, respiration and urine excretion induced by bladder distension were investigated in 8 anaesthetized female dogs. It was found that during shock when the arterial blood pressure reaches its lowest value no effect can be induced. Later on, when the arterial blood pressure rose to intermediate values the intensity of the reflex effects were proportional to the value of arterial blood pressure. After shock when the arterial pressure was normal again the reflex effects were slightly less intenisve than the control ones obtained before shock, and they were dependent on biochemical changes affecting the nervous centres participating in the reflex. PMID- 1130221 TI - The effects of neurohormones and biogenic amines on contractile reactivity of the rabbit spleen in vitro. AB - The effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoproterenol, Alupent, histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin on the isolated rabbit spleen were studied in vitro. The myographic method of recording was used. It was found that all these substances with the exception of Alupent evoked contraction of the rabbit spleen. The contractile response of the spleen was greatest after adrenaline, insignificantly smaller after noradrenaline, very small after isoproterenol and absent after Alupent. A still smaller response was observed after histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin. PMID- 1130222 TI - Investigations on the effects of vibration on the neurosecretory cerebral system using 3-H-methionine. AB - The effects of vibration on the neurosecretory system of the brain were studied using the method of autoradiography. Both control and exposed to vibration (for 6 or 12 days) guinea pigs were injected with tritiated methionine and the uptake of the isotope was determined after 1, 6, 12, 24 h. Some differences were found in the number of silver grains in the brain neurosecretory system between the controls and both experimental groups. These differences, were however, not statistically significant. PMID- 1130223 TI - Investigations on the effect of vibration on the neurosecretory cerebral system using 35-S-cysteine. AB - The investigations were carried out on guniea pigs subjected to vibration of varying parameters and varying duration. Isotope method with 35-S-cysteine administered suboccipitally was used, and the investigated material included supraoptic nuclei and the pars nervosa of the hypophysis. Exposure to vibration was followed by more rapid release of labelled cysteine as demonstrated by reduction in the number of silver grains in autoradiograms. PMID- 1130224 TI - The effect of X-irradiation on the alanine--and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the liver, kidney and spleen of mouse. AB - The effect of X-irradiation on the alanine- and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the liver, kidney and spleen of mouse. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1975, 26 (1): 95-101. The alanine- and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT and GPT) activities and the protein content were measured in the liver, kidney and spleen homogenates of mice exposed to a single whole body X-irradiation with a 900 r dose. The assays were performed in 6 h intervals during the first day and 24 h intervals from the 2nd until the 6th day after the exposure. Significant differences in the enzymatic activity were found in the course of 24 h in control animals and a marked increase of this activity was found after irradiation. This may be explained by changes in the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane for enzyme molecules. PMID- 1130225 TI - [Fat loading test in neurogenic carotid sinus hypertension in the rabbit]. PMID- 1130226 TI - [Alpha chain disease. I. Case report]. PMID- 1130227 TI - [Primary hypogammaglobulinemias of the adult type: clinical and immunological studies in 5 patients]. PMID- 1130228 TI - Effect of prolonged administration of ibuprofen (Brufen) on haemopoiesis in mice. PMID- 1130229 TI - Values obtained by the check-up Technicon system of determining enzymatic activity in the serum for the detection of liver disease. PMID- 1130230 TI - The catecholamine-responsive adenylate cyclase system and its modification by 5'guanylylimidodiphosphate. AB - The frog erythrocyte adenylate cyclase system was inhibited by addition of acidic phospholipids. The ratio of activity produced by isoproterenol to that produced by norepinephrine was not significantly changed by addition of various phospholipids and lipid extracts. Addition of isoproterenol plus Gpp(NH)p to the frog erythrocyte membranes produced an adenylate cyclase activity much higher than the sum of activities produced by these reagents when tested separately. The same high rate was still obtained after preincubation of the enzyme with isoproterenol plus Gpp(NH)p followed by exhaustive washing of the preparation. ATP and Mg++ were not required for the preincubation. When isoproterenol alone was preincubated with the enzyme, a persistent active state was not produced; dilution or washing readily reduced the activity to the low basal level. Formation of the persistent active state by preincubation with Gpp(NH)p plus isoproterenol was prevented by the beta-receptor blocking agent propranolol which reduced the activity to that obtained by Gpp(NH)p alone. However, propranolol completely failed to inhibit the activity if added after the enzyme had been preincubated with the catecholamine plus the nucleotide. Propranolol readily blocked the activity when added to enzyme which had been preincubated with isoproterenol alone. The findings lead to the tentative conclusion that the hormone acts by facilitating the action of Gpp(NH)p and that, having done so, the hormone perhaps plays no further role. It is further suggested that in the case of the natural nucleotide GTP, the hormone is required continuously for activation in order to maintain GTP at a regulatory site. PMID- 1130231 TI - [Measuring blood flow in the eye]. PMID- 1130232 TI - [Effect of arterial gas pressures on intraocular pressure]. PMID- 1130233 TI - [Behavior of retinal capillary blood flow with increases in intraocular pressure]. PMID- 1130234 TI - [Entoptically determined blood flow changes in retinal capillaries with different gas pressures and after use of vasoactive substances]. PMID- 1130235 TI - [Blood pressure and extravascular fluid movement in the uvea and the retina. A physical model of circulation]. PMID- 1130236 TI - [Retinal blood flow and fluorescein microscopy]. PMID- 1130237 TI - [Influence of circulatory dimensions on intraocular pressure]. PMID- 1130238 TI - Prostaglandins and the eye. AB - Prostaglandins are present in the iris and cilliary body and are synthesized in these tissues. Prostaglandins are released into the aqueous following a variety of insults to the eye, and the results of such trauma can be reproduced by the application of prostaglandins to the eye. Prostaglandins have been detected in the aqueous of patients suffering from endogenous uveitis and it is probable that the anti-inflammatory effects of drugs such as aspirin and indomethacin are due to their prostaglandin antagonistic actions. little is known yet concerning the physiological role of prostaglandins in the eye, but their association with adrenergic mechanisms, which is now being studied, may produce some clarification. The relationship between prostaglandins and antidromic stimulation of sensory nerves and the so-called axon reflex is still obscure and it would be ironic if the miosis following stimulation of the Vth nerve, which was the starting-point for the discovery of irin and its subsequent identification with prostaglandins, is not in fact due to prostaglandin but to some other chemical mediator. PMID- 1130239 TI - Retinal and choroidal blood flow and its importance for intraocular pressure. Report of the symposium of November 23, 1972, at the University Eye Clinic, Hamburg. Summary. PMID- 1130240 TI - Electronic tonometry in the newborn. AB - Mackay-Marg electronic tonometry was performed without any kind of drugs in 604 eyes of newborn babies (up to 4 days of age). The first 100 cases were eliminated from the sample due to the significantly higher intraocular pressures obtained, attributed to small number of tonometries in each eye. The decision is fully discussed. The remaining cases (504 eyes) gave a mean of 12.41 mm Hg and a standard deviation of 2.58. The most important finding was the extreme and continuous variations found in newborn intraocular pressure; some hypotheses are discussed in this regard. The concept of 'basal intraocular pressure' is introduced to use the lowest intraocular pressure as a more homogenous comparative level than the ones previously used. Standardized anesthetic procedure is recommended for baby tonometry. While the possibilities of the Mackay-Marg electronic tonometer are recognized, the Goldmann tonometer (manual model) is found to be more reliable for clinical decisons in babies. PMID- 1130241 TI - [Physiopathology of the hypertensive retinal vessels]. PMID- 1130242 TI - [Corneal infections]. PMID- 1130243 TI - [Ultrastructure of the angle of the anterior chamber in glaucoma]. PMID- 1130244 TI - [Problems concerning glaucoma-diagnosis]. PMID- 1130245 TI - [Problems concerning glaucoma-with special reference to drug therapy]. PMID- 1130246 TI - Temporary transvenous pacemakers in the community hospital. AB - The use of temporary transvenous pacemakers has become firmly established. While the technique of temporary pacing is by no means the answer to all problems associated with myocardial infarction, it has clearly been lifesaving for certain patients treated in the community hospital. Temporary pacing is a simple and safe procedure with relatively few complications. It can be done in the community hospital by the faimly physician who has an interest in cardiology. PMID- 1130247 TI - Organophosphates--a pediatric hazard. AB - These agents act as anticholinesterases. Signs of toxicity are: overactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, abdominal cramps and copious secretions. Large doses may cause sustained depolarization of the motor end plate, leading to muscular paralysis. Death may ensue from respiratory failure. The extensive and often careless use of insecticides, fungicides and pesticides makes organophosphates a particular pediatric hazard. Atropine and pralidoxime chloride are effective for therapy. PMID- 1130248 TI - Diazoxide for hypertensive crisis. AB - Diazoxide is a potent and safe antipressor agent for parenteral administration in hypertensive emergencies. Its rapidity of effect provides distinct advantages. Drug resistance does not develop in responsive patients and adverse effects are mild and infrequent. The minor changes in blood urea concentration, despite a marked reduction in blood pressure, enhance the usefulness of diazoxide in azotemic hypertensive patients. PMID- 1130249 TI - Axillary nerve blocks. AB - Axillary nerve block is a safe and reliable method of providing anesthesia for the upper extremity. It is particularly useful because it can be applied in cases of traumatic injury where general anesthesia might present particular hazards. The use of a large volume of anesthetic solution is important, particularly when it is essential to block the musculocutaneous or axillary nerve. PMID- 1130251 TI - Use of chorionic gonadotropins in obesity. PMID- 1130250 TI - Emergency airway management. PMID- 1130252 TI - Letter: Allergy and febrile seizures. PMID- 1130253 TI - Editorial: Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing--be careful. PMID- 1130254 TI - Psychologic aspects of depression. AB - In managing depressed patients, the physician deals with impairment of moods, capacity to think and ability to function. Along with psychopharmacologic approaches, there is an initial necessity to provide a hopeful and consistent relationship. The patient uses physical symptoms and as long as these symptoms attract attention, an effective psychotherapeutic relationship is avoided. An important therapeutic approach is to challenge distorted thought processes such as exaggerated self-deprecation and delusional convictions or guilt. Too often, as symptoms recede, treatment ends. PMID- 1130255 TI - Coffee treat or trick? AB - The popularity of coffee is due not only to its pleasant taste and aroma but also to its physiologic and psychologic effects. These effects are caused mainly by the caffeine provided in the beverage. However, caffeine may have adverse effects as well, including stimulation of gastric acid secretion. A relationship between heavy coffee ingestion and myocardial infarction has not yet been established but it is a bothersome possibility. PMID- 1130256 TI - Reserpine in hypertension: present status. PMID- 1130257 TI - Letter: Opposition to MAC. PMID- 1130258 TI - Routine telescopic laryngoscopy. AB - Routine laryngoscopy can be performed easily and quickly utilizing a right-angle telescope with a specially designed holder. In 1,000 consecutive laryngoscopies done on patients without laryngeal symptoms, abnormalities were found in 173 patients (17.3 percent). Among the abnormalities was an asymptomatic carcinoma which, thanks to early detection, was successfully treated by radiation. PMID- 1130259 TI - Lomotil ingestions in children. AB - Although the incidence of adverse reactions is relatively low in adults, Lomotil may result in serious toxicity in children. Early effects are often due to the atropine present in the compound, while the narcotic-like actions of diphenoxylate HCI tend to occur later. Respiratory depression is the most threatening reaction and should be treated with naloxone. PMID- 1130260 TI - The epidemiological emergence of ischemic arterial diseases. PMID- 1130261 TI - Letter: Prinzmetal's variant angina. PMID- 1130262 TI - Editorial: What do the heart disease mortality statistics tell us? PMID- 1130263 TI - Myocardial perfusion imaging with 99m-Tc or 113m-In macroaggregated albumin: correlation of the perfusion image with clinical, angiographic, surgical, and histologic findings. AB - Scintillation camera myocardial perfusion images were performed in 77 patients with proved or suspected ischemic heart disease following the intracoronary injection of 1.5 mCi 99m-Tc or 113m-In macroaggregated albumin. Perfusion images were classified as normal (36) or abnormal (41), and the location of abnormality was noted. Thirty-seven out of 41 patients with abnormal images had prior myocardial infarction based on history (30), ECG Q-waves (27), local contraction pattern abnormality (23), or direct surgical (9) or histologic (4) inspection, either singly or in combination. Three out of five patients with pre-infarction angina had image defects-none had evidence of infarction by ECG, ventriculogram, or surgical inspection. Coronary artery stenosis correlated with image defects to the extent that myocardial infarction was associated; 28 out of 29 patients with total occlusions and other evidence of infarction had image defects, four patients with complete occlusions but without other evidence of infarction had normal images. We conclude that, excepting patients with pre-infarction angina, this technique is more sensitive and direct in the identification of myocardial scar than standard ECG, clinical evaluation, or biplane left ventriculography. PMID- 1130264 TI - Cardia venous blood flow in atrial pacing versus exercise-induced angina pectoris. AB - Thirteen patients with angina pectoris underwent measurements of great cardiac vein blood flow at rest, with the onset of angina pectoris induced by atrial pacing, and again during angina pectoris induced by exercise in order to compare the regional coronary blood flow response to differing myocardial stresses. All patients had significant obstructions of the left anterior descending artery. Exercise-induced angina, compared to pacing-induced angina, was associated with a higher systolic pressure, higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and a lower heart rate. Indices of myocardial oxygen demand, that is, the systolic pressure-heart rate product and the tension-time index, increased to a similar degree during both types of myocardial stress and great cardiac vein blood flow paralleled these changes. We conclude that in a given patient the level of regional coronary blood flow is similar at the onset of either pacing- or exercise-induced angina, despite significant differences in the hemodynamic response to these myocardial stresses. PMID- 1130265 TI - Circulating renin in essential hypertension: an evaluation of its significance in the Japanese population. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in 139 healthy subjects and 200 patients with essential hypertension. There was an obvious relationship between the PRA levels and aging. Elevated PRA values were obtained only in younger subjects under 20 years of age, while the PRA levels were very low only in advanced ages over 60 years. In essential hypertensive subjects, subnormal resting PRA was found in 23.5 per cent, normal PRA in 64.5 per cent, and high PRA in 12 per cent. A marked impairment of renal function and severe retinal changes were observed in the patient with high resting PRA values. On the contrary, hypertensive complications of the kidney and ocular fundi were mild in the patients with low resting PRA values. A reaction of renin secretion was studied in 161 patients with essential hypertension. There were no apparent relationships between the responsiveness of the renin system to intravenous furosemide following upright posture and hypertensive vascular injury. PMID- 1130266 TI - Use of moving epicardial electrodes in defining ST-segment changes after acute coronary occlusion in the baboon. Relation to primary ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 1130267 TI - Different types of myocardial necrosis in coronary heart disease: a pathophysiologic review of their functional significance. PMID- 1130268 TI - Packed cells, platelet-rich plasma, and adenosine diphosphate in the production of occlusive vascular changes in lungs of rabbits. AB - An experimental study to simulate the lesions of primary pulmonary hypertension was under-taken in rabbits. Five groups were made, each having six animals and these were given separately packed cells (3 per cent suspension of homologous erythrocytes in physiologic saline), plasma rich in platelets, plasma without platelets, ADP solution, and normal saline injections biweekly for a period of three months. Clinical, electrocardiographic, and histologic examination of the lungs were made. It was noted that animals given packed cells, plasma rich in platelets, and ADP solution developed electrocardiographic changes and histologic lesions in the lungs suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 1130269 TI - Effect of autonomic neural influences on the cardiovascular changes induced by coronary occlusion. AB - The influence of vagal stimulation and/or beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on the heart rate, blood pressure, contractile force, and cardiac rhythm was evaluated in chloralose-anesthetized cats subjected to occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery. Occlusion performed in 25 control animals produced significant decreases in heart rate (minus 22.9 plus or minus 4.4 beats per minute), blood pressure (minus 19.2 plus or minus 2.4 mm. Hg), and contractile force (minus 21.6 plus or minus 6.3 per cent). Death due to ventricular fibrillation occurred in five out of 25 animals. Coronary occlusion performed in the presence of vagal nerve stimulation resulted in similar decreases in blood pressure, whereas the decreases in contractile force were significantly greater than in control animals. In addition, the time to onset of the arrhythmias occurring in the vagus-stimulated group was increased. Death due to ventricular fibrillation was similar to control animals (i.e., two of seven, or 28 per cent). Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors with propranol (0.75 mg. per kilogram) resulted in the usual decreases in rate, pressure, and force with occlusion but the duration of arrhythmias was shortened. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation was not different from that of the control animals. The combination of propranolol and vagal stimulation also failed to confer protection against ventricular fibrillation. Propranolol was observed to prevent the large decrease in contractile force seen with vagal stimulation. These results suggest that: (1) increasing vagal tone above the level existing after acute myocardial infarction does not decrease mortality, (2) propranolol pretreatment does not affect the incidence of ventricular fibrillation induced by coronary occlusion, (3) the duration of the arrhythmia after coronary occlusion is effectively shortened with propranolol, and (4) cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors do not appear to be involved in the decreases in heart rate, blood pressure, and contractile force seen with coronary occlusion. PMID- 1130270 TI - A demonstration of differential refractoriness within a single fascicle of the human ventricular specialized conduction system. AB - In 15 patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB), atrial (A), His bundle (H), and ventricular (V) electrograms were recorded. Successively more premature atrial depolarizations were introduced via a catheter in the right antrium. In eight patients, the ventricular specialized conducting system (VSCS) was the most refractory portion of the entire atrioventricular conducting system (AVCS) and A V conduction, which had been occurring via the right bundle branch (RBB), failed below the His bundle as the effective refractory period (ERP) of the VSCS was reached. In two of these eight patients, after the ERP of the VSCS was exceeded, further shortening of the H1-H2 interval (by 40 to 50 msec.) resulted in an unexpected resumption of A-V conduction, but with markedly prolonged H-V intervals (160 to 230 msec.). This demonstrates that differential refractoriness exists within the RBB of these patients. A zone of maximal refractoriness was initially encountered within the RBB when the premature impulse first blocked below the His bundle. In relative terms, this zone was distal to a more proximal area of the RBB where, with further shortening of the H1-H2 interval, sufficient conduction delay occurred to permit recovery of excitability distally and the resumption of A-V conduction. PMID- 1130271 TI - Electrophysiology and pharmacology of cardiac arrhythmias. VII. Cardiac effects of quinidine and procaine amide. A. PMID- 1130272 TI - Acute renal failure associated with cephalosporin therapy. PMID- 1130273 TI - Of recording your own blood pressure. PMID- 1130274 TI - Isoproterenol toxicity. PMID- 1130275 TI - Letter: Aortic valve disease surgery. PMID- 1130276 TI - Letter: Jugular venous pressure guage. A bedside device to measure jugular venous pressure. PMID- 1130277 TI - A summary of results of the public relations and communications survey of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. PMID- 1130278 TI - Heat stress limits for the sedentary worker. AB - Performance on four sedentary tasks was monitored during temperatures of 85 degrees f, 95 degrees F, and 105 degrees F WBGT for work periods up to 2 hours. Results were compared with limits recommedned for occupational safety and health regulations. It is suggested that this limit is not a single line, but rather a range of temperture-time combinations. Further, man's compensating nature during short exposures supports a higher temperature limit for brief work bouts. PMID- 1130279 TI - The use of activiated carbon for sampling industrial environs. AB - This paper describes techniques employed at a large semiconductor manufacturing plant to analyze for organic contaminants in production areas. Activated carbon was employed in the sampling procedure as the collection medium. Vapors of a number of common industrial solvents were absorbed and collected on the activated carbon surface at concentrations in the ppm and sub-ppm range. Analyses of the collected samples, stripped from the carbon surfaces with carbon disulfide, were performed by gas chromatography using a number of different colum packings. Also discussed is work carried out using a gas chromatograph-mass spectometer system to separate and then identify individual constituents. Other related applications of activated carbon sampling are also reported. PMID- 1130280 TI - Certain non-auditory physiological responses to noises. AB - The non-auditory physiological effects of extended exposure of pilots to high intensity noise were investigated. The health records of 22 professional pilots (FAA) were examined for recorded measurements of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and glucsoe. These data were compared to records of the same measurements from 29 non-flying FAA personnel of the same age, social and economic status as the pilots. The yearly means for each parameter were analyzed for changes with time, within the same population, and for differences between the two study groups. Audiometric histories were tabulated and compared, and noise levels inside aircraft were determined. Although it was demonstrated that FAA pilots were exposed to high occupational noise levels there was no indication that their exposure produced any significant non-auditory physiological response. PMID- 1130281 TI - The adsorption of water and benzene on amosite and chrysotile asbestos. AB - In previous work the authors showed that chrysoltile is more porous than amostie and consequentd benzene with a high molecular cross-section are used as adsorbates. Benzene adsorption is extremely slow on both adsorbents with each point taking from 4 to 24 hours for equilibration. Evidently, the larger benzene molecule has a more difficult ime working its way thrugh the small pores. The water adsorption is predominait. In both cases hysteresis was found. Benzene adsorption on amosite resembled Type IV which relfects capillary condensation phenomena. With chrysotile some chemisorption may have occurred. BET surface areas and heats of adsorption are calculated. PMID- 1130282 TI - Industrial survey of lost time injuries. AB - An attempt to discover factors affecting lost time injuries under varying government programs involved visits to a sampling of industries in six provinces and six states. The resulting observations are used to illustrate some variables, many of which have previously been ignored, but which must be considered in any objective study of man at work. PMID- 1130283 TI - Ragweed pollen generation and sampling methods for filtration studies. AB - The means of generating and measuring the concentration of ragweed pollen particles for air filtration studies is discussed. The development of an inexpensive in-line impaction type sampler which collects the sample on filter paper is described. The advantages of the total particle count method when using this sampler are also defined. The effect of sampling an air steam without using an isokinetic probe was investigated; a non isokinetic sampling train was found to give results with accuracy comparable to isokinetic data. Another part of the study was to examine the "shadowing" effect of one sampling probe. Means are given for adjusting data for this effect. PMID- 1130284 TI - Aerobic capacity of dock workers in Bombay. AB - The aerobic capacity (VO2max) of 61 healthy loaders from Bombay Docks actively engaged in heavy manual work of lifting and carrying of food grains bags was estimated by an extrapolation technique based on linear relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake at different levels of physical work. The average VO2max was found to be 2572 plus or minus 54 ml (S.E.)/min.(STPD) or 46.6 plus or minus 0.96 (S.E.) ml.min.-1 kg-1 (STPD) which is high in many cases when compared to the values reported by other Indian workers among different occupational groups. The possible reasons are discussed. The results further reveal that the VO2max is negatively correlated with age and that this relationship is more pronounced with subjects, aged 31-49 years. The gradual fall in aerobic capacity was observed beyond 33 years of age. PMID- 1130285 TI - Cardiac pathology after valve replacement by disc prosthesis. A study of 61 necropsy patients. AB - Clinical and necropsy observations are described in 61 patients who had one or more cardiac valves replaced with a discoid prosthesis of the Hufnagel type. The most common (31 percent) cause of death among the 45 patients who died early (less than 65 days after operation) appeared to be prosthetic disproportion; that is, the prothesis was too big for the aorta or ventricular cavity into which it was inserted so that inadequate space was present between the margins of the disc and the endocardium of ventricle or intima of aorta. Prosthetic thrombosis occurred in only 3 of the 45 patients who died early, but poppet movement appeared considerably altered in each. In contrast, thrombi were observed on a prosthesis in 14 of the 16 patients who died late (4 to 47 months [average 21] postoperatively), but in none did the thrombi appear of sufficient size to alter poppet function. Escessive bleeding occurred in 11 (24 percent) of the 45 early deaths and was primarily related to the insertion of a patch in the root of the aorta. Uncorrected valvular disease either by itself or by its ability to alter function of the prosthesis appeared responsible for death in 6 (13 percent) of the 45 patients who died early and in 2 (6 percent) of the 16 who died late. Insertion of a mitral poppet disc in a patient with uncorrected aortic regurgitation, even of mild degree, may be hazardous because the aortic regurgitant jet stream may interfere with proper function of the mitral disc. Likewise, insertion of a poppet disc only in the aortic valve position in a patient with combined aortic and mitral regurgitation may considerably increase the degree of mitral incompetence because the aortic prosthesis is intrinsically obstructive. Disc wear or variance was observed in all but one prosthesis in place for more than 1 year. Although hemolytic anemia of significant degree was not observed in any of the 16 patients who died late, the occurrence of renal hemosiderosis in 13 of the 16 patients indicates that the poppet disc prosthesis is considerably traumatic to erythrocytes. Thus, this type of prosthesis is not an ideal substitute cardiac valve. It clots, despite anticoagulant therapy, it is intrinsically stenotic, portions of it, that is, the disc, degenerate, and it causes hemolysis to erythrocytes. PMID- 1130286 TI - Ischemia in aortic stenosis: hemodynamic prediction. AB - The records of 12 patients with aortic stenosis previously studied by Fallen et al. in 1967 before and after infusion of isoproterenol were reviewed to assess the value of hemodynamic indexes in predicting myocardial ischemia--defined as less than 5 percent transmyocardial lactate extraction or lactate production. Potential subendocardial blood supply was estimated from a diastolic pressure time index (DPTI), calculated from the tension-time index (TTI). The ratio DPTI/TTI was used to estimate the supply/demand relation. Of eight patients with aortic stenosis but without associated coronary artery disease, four (Group A) metabolized lactate normally after administration of isoproterenol, and four (Group B) had biochemical evidence of ischemia. Three of four patients (Group C) with aortic stenosis and associated coronary artery disease had abnormal glycolysis after administration of isoproterenol. Calculated aortic valve areas were comparable in all groups. In patients with aortic stenosis alone, abnormal lactate metabolism occurred whenever DPTI/TTI was less than 0.30 (P smaller than 0.01) (Group B). Two of three patients with aortic stenosis and associated coronary artery disease (Group C) showed abnormal lactate metabolism when DPTI/TTI was greater than 0.6; this ratio was below 0.3 in the third patient. These results suggest that the supply/demand relation calculated from these readily obtained indexes may be useful (1) in predicting in which patients with aortic stenosis ischemia will develop, (2) in distinguishing the role played by associated coronary artery disease, and (3) as an adjunct to calculation of valve area since the quantitation of associated aortic regurgitation is not necessary. PMID- 1130287 TI - Abnormal segmental contraction velocity in coronary artery disease produced by isometric exercise and atrial pacing. AB - Since isometric exercise by sustained handgrip leads to a sizable increase in aortic pressure this maneuver was used in addition to atrial pacing to increase the imbalance between oxygen demand and supply in two groups of patients. Both groups were studied by left heart catheterization and cineangiography in the right anterior oblique projection, at rest, during atrial pacing and during combined pacing and handgrip exercise. Group 1, the control group, consisted of 10 patients without coronary artery disease having an ejection fraction of 0.61 to 0.82. Group 2 was composed of 10 patients with definite obstructive disease of one or more of the three main coronary arteries. At rest, ejection fraction was normal or nearly normal (range 0.54 to 0.78). Regional myocardial contraction performance was assessed by determining mean segmental shortening velocities at the basal (VSB), middle (VSM) and apical (VSA) short ventricular axes. Whereas at rest there was no significant difference between the two groups or any of the three velocities, during pacing, VSM and VSA were significantly smaller in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P smaller than 0.02). During pacing combined with handgrip exercise the difference between the two groups was clearly accentuated, all three velocities being highly significantly decreased in Group 2 (VSB, P smaller than 0.01; VSM and VSA, P smaller than 0.001). When evaluated individually the patients of Group 2 had in 9 segments during pacing values for VSB, VSM and VSA that were below the range of the normal subjects. During pacing combined with handgrip a newly abnormal shortening velocity was observed in 12 segments (VSB abnormal in 3 of 7, VSM in 4 of 7 and VSA in 5 of 7 instances). In conclusion, the combination of atrial pacing and handgrip exercise appears to be a useful stress maneuver to identify temporarily dysfunctioning segments in patients with coronary artery disease in whom atrial pacing alone is not sufficient to induce ischemic contraction disorders. PMID- 1130288 TI - Effects of hypoxemia on the extent of myocardial necrosis after experimental coronary occlusion. AB - Arterial oxygen tension is variable in patients with acute myocardial infarction, and the effect of hypoxemia on the extent of myocardial necrosis after coronary occlusion has not been defined. In 11 anesthetized open chest dogs the left anterior descending coronary artery or one of its major branches was occluded for 20 minutes, and 10 to 15 epicardial electrocardiographic leads were recorded in the distribution and vicinity of the site of occlusion. Average S-T segment elevation and the number of sites showing S-T segment elevation greater than 2 mv, 15 minutes after occlusion were used as indexes of the severity and extent of ischemic injury. After occlusion with an inspired oxygen concentration of 20 percent these indexes were, respectively, 2.0 plus or minus 0.5 mv (mean plus or minus standard error) and 3.6 plus or minus 0.8 sites; the respective values increased to 3.3 plus or minus 0.5 mv (P smaller than 0.01) and 6.7 plus or minus 0.7 sites (P smaller than 0.01) after occlusion with an inspired oxygen concentration of 10 percent, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen decreased from 92 plus or minus 5 to 45 plus or minus 3 mm Hg. In 23 dogs the occlusion was maintained for 24 hours and the S-T segment elevation 15 minutes after occlusion was compared with myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and histologic appearance 24 hours later. In control dogs (inspired oxygen concentration of 20 percent) sites with no S-T segment elevation 15 minutes after occlusion showed normal myocardial CPK activity 24 hours later, whereas in sites with S-T segment elevation exceeding 2 mv there was an inverse relation between S-T segment elevation in each site and its myocardial CPK activity 24 hours later. Histologic examination revealed early myocardial necrosis in 98 percent (82 of 84) of sites with S-T segment elevation greater than 2 mv. In experimental dogs (inhaling a 10 percent oxygen concentration for the first 8 of the 24 hours of occlusion) many sites that showed no S-T segment elevation before hypoxemia was induced exhibited S-T segment elevation before hypoxemia was induced exhibited S-T segment elevations 30 minutes later and showed abnormally low CPK activity and histologic evidence of early necrosis. We conclude that after experimental coronary occlusion, hypoxemia is deleterious because it substantially increases myocardial damage. PMID- 1130289 TI - Digitalis in experimental acute myocardial infarction. Differential effects on contractile performance of ischemic, border and nonischemic ventricular zones in the dog. AB - The effects of digoxin priming dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight followed by infusion of 0.02 mg/kg per min) on local tension and length characteristics of the nonischemic, border and ischemic left ventricular zones were studied in 30 dogs using Walton-Brodie strain gauge arches and mercury-in-Silastic segment length gauges. Total tension in the nonischemic zone increased to 130.9 plus or minus 5.3 percent (P smaller than 0.001) of the control level in association with parallel changes in preejection and ejection tension and rate of rise of tension when infusion of digoxin was instituted 15 to 30 minutes after ligation. Consistent increases in tension variables were noticed when infusion of digitalis was initiated 45 to 60 minutes or 2 to 3 hours after ligation. Segment length remained unchanged. In the border zone, total tension decreased to 68.9 plus or minus 5.9 percent (P smaller than 0.01) after infusion of digitalis. When infusion of digitalis was instituted 45 to 60 minutes or 2 to 3 hours after occlusion, similar increases in total tension and other tension variables were seen. Segment length again showed no significant changes. There was an increase in total tension in 5 of the 12 ischemic zones studied when digitalis was infused 15 to 30 minutes after coronary arterial ligation, whereas a consistent (3 to 5 percent) decrease in tension was observed when infusion of digitalis was instituted 45 to 60 minutes and 2 to 3 hours after coronary occlusion. There was no increase in segment length. In summary, digitalis uniformly increased contraction of the nonischemic and border zones after coronary arterial ligation, but the effects on contraction and aneurysmal bulging in the ischemic zone were minimal. PMID- 1130290 TI - Left axis deviation and left anterior hemiblock among 8,000 Japanese-American men. AB - Electrocardiographic patterns of left axis deviation and left anterior hemiblock, defined by a frontal plane QRS axis of minus 30 degrees to minus 44 degrees and minus 45 degrees to minus 90 degrees, respectively, with normal QRS duration, were found to be fairly common (2.6 and 1.5 percent, respectively) in a community population of 8,000 Japanese-American men aged 45 to 69 years. More than 60 percent of men with these electrocardiographic patterns had no other cardiovascular abnormalities, and the incidence of fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease and stroke in this group during observation periods of 3 to 6 years was not significantly different from that of control normal men. A significant association was found between these electrocardiographic patterns and the prevalence of hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke. However, the association of myocardial infarction with left anterior hemiblock appeared to be coincidental and was attributed largely to the similarity of the electrocardiographic manifestations of left anterior hemiblock and inferior wall myocardial infarction. Men with left axis deviation were fatter and had higher blood pressure than the control population. No such difference could be demonstrated for men with left anterior hemiblock although this group was significantly older than control subjects and men with left axis deviation. The results of our study suggest that there are qualitative differences between the causative mechanisms and clinical features of left axis deviation and those of left anterior hemiblock. PMID- 1130291 TI - Optimal resources for ultrasonic examination of the heart. AB - The echocardiographic examination is described and the current status of ultrasound in cardiac diagnosis is summarized. Planning guidelines are provided for hospital-based echocardiographic laboratories including resource criteria for professional personnel and training, equipment, space and support systems. Minimal case loads for maintaining quality performance of the examiner are recommended and various administrative patterns for organizing an echocardiographic service are discussed. Approaches for establishing professional fees and emerging applications of diagnostic ultrasound in cardiovascular medicine are briefly reviewed. There is a description of the procedure for conducting an adequate cardiographic examination in children and adults. PMID- 1130292 TI - Bacterial endocarditis with ruptured sinus of Valsalva and aorticocardiac fistula. AB - A case is presented of bacterial endocarditis with a ruptured sinus of Valsalva and formation of an aorticocardiac fistula from the right coronary sinus into the right atrium and right ventricle. The pathologic, clinical and surgical aspects of bacterial endocarditis complicated by a ruptured sinus of Valsalva and an aorticocardiac fistula are analyzed. This complication of bacterial endocarditis is still uncommon, but alertness to its diagnosis makes possible early and successful surgical treatment. PMID- 1130293 TI - Unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. AB - An unruptured congenital sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (behind the right aortic valve cusp) is described as an incidental necropsy finding in an 82 year old man. Review of previous reports on aneurysms involving only one of the three aortic sinuses discloses that few cases have been described, and that these lesions are rarely diagnosed during life. It is probable, however, that unruptured aortic sinus aneurysm (involving only one sinus) is more common than previous reports indicate, but that, among patients with congenital sinus aneurysm, rupture is likely to occur. PMID- 1130294 TI - Recurrent myocardial infarction and angina in a woman with normal coronary angiograms. AB - A case is reported of recurrent myocardial infarction and angina pectoris in a woman with normal coronary arteries documented by coronary angiogram. The recurrence of infarction in contiguous areas of the heart supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery and the association of the anginal syndrome implicate coronary arterial spasm as the probable cause. PMID- 1130295 TI - Letter: Surface recording of His bundle activity. PMID- 1130296 TI - Letter: Third heart sound in hypertension. PMID- 1130297 TI - A complex junctional system in endothelial and connective tissue cells of the choroid plexus. AB - Endothelial and connective tissue cells of the choroid plexus have been studied by the freeze-etching technique. The endothelial cells of pre- and postcapillary segments are coupled by a complex junctional system consisting of a combination of tight and gap junctions. Connective tissue cells revealed the same intercellular contacts. Furthermore two different types of gap junctions occurring in membranes of the connective tissue cells are described. PMID- 1130298 TI - The mode of lymphocyte migration through postcapillary venule endothelium in lymph node. AB - The pathway of migration of lymphocytes across the walls of the postcapillary venules was studied in lymph nodes of rats. By means of serial sections, it was determined that lymphocytes enter the venule wall through the endothelial cells and not through the intercellular spaces. After the endothelial cell has been penetrated, the lymphocytes enter the intercellular spaces, from where they gain access to the lymphatic parenchyma. It cannot be excluded, however, that in some instances the path of migration of a lymphocyte is entirely through an endothelial cell from lumen to subendothelial space. While perforating an endothelial cell, a migrating lymphocyte may be in simultaneous contact with the vascular lumen, the intercellular space, and the subendothelial tissue. PMID- 1130299 TI - Renal morphology of freshwater trout. AB - The nephron of the euryhaline freshwater salmonids is composed of the renal corpuscle and the renal tubules. Throughout much of the renal corpuscle, only the lamina densa separates the fenestrated processes of the endothelial cells from the foot processes of the visceral epithelium. The renal tubule consists of five distinct segments. The neck segment is short and intermittently ciliated; it lacks the mucous cells which appear in the neck segment of some teleosts. The proximal segment bears a dense bruch border and is both structurally and functionally divisible into a first and a second segment. The first portion is typified by the presence of short apical tubules, variously sized apical vacuoles, and numerous lysosomes. The second proximal segment is distinguished by the abundance and distribution of mitochondria throughout the cytoplasm. Infoldings of the basilar plasmalemma are especially prominent in this region. A cilated intermidate segment intervenes briefly between the proximal and distal portions of the tubule. The distal segment consists of cuboidal cells which bear scattered, short microvilli, small vesicles and multivesicular bodies. Renal tissue from several species of trout was examined in order to establish the basis for a common pattern of histological and ultrastructural characteristics within the family Salmonidae. In all species examined, renal structure was very similar and could readily be compared with that previously described in other freshwater and marine species. PMID- 1130300 TI - Mothercraft Preventive Centers. PMID- 1130301 TI - Letter: Vitamin E status and oral contraceptives. PMID- 1130302 TI - Effect of an energy-reduced dietary regimen in relation to adipose tissue cellularity in obese women. AB - Twenty-eight obese women were divided after arbitrary statistical guidelines obtained from control studies into hyperplastic (increase in fat cell number) (n equal to 10), hypertrophic obesity (increase in average fat cell size) (n equal to 11), and a remaining group (n equal to 7). All these subjects were treated on an outpatient basis with an energy-reduced diet (1,100 kcal/day) until weight decrease failure occurred. The fat cells of the femoral and gluteal regions were larger than in the abdominal region in hypertrophic obese subjects. This regional fat cell size profile was found also in middle-aged and young controls. The hyperplastic obese subjects on the other hand had larger fat cells in the abdominal site. At failure of therapy enlarged fat cells in either of the two obesity groups had decreased to the size of fat cells of controls. Fat cell number remained unchanged. Thus the hypertrophic obese patients ended up with a normal body fat while hyperplastic obese subjects had a pronounced remaining obesity. The results suggest that when the fat cell size in different regions of an individual are known, as well as the total fat cell number, the success of an energy-reduced dietary regimen might be approximately predicted both in terms of remaining total body fat and in regional fat depot decrease. PMID- 1130303 TI - Regional variation in glycolytic enzyme adaptation to dietary sugars in rat small intestine. AB - This investigation evaluated the adaptive response of the glycolytic enzymes, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase, and pyruvate kinase, to dietary sugars throughout the small intestine. In addition, the effect of prior diet on this adaptive response and on the enzyme distribution pattern along the small intestine was studied. Rats were fed 40% glucose, 68% sucrose or carbohydrate-free diets for 6 days (baseline diet), followed by one of three isocaloric test diets (40% glucose, 68% sucrose or carbohydrate-free for 3 days. In other groups of tats isocaloric diets of 68% glucose, 68% fructose or 34% glucose + 34% fructose, fed for 4 days, were compared. Enzymes were assayed in the mucosa of the duodenum (D),and in 5 equal (by length) segments from the Ligament of Treitz to the ileocecal valve (J1, J2, J3, I1 and I2). Enzyme specific activities were significantly higher in the proximal (D-J1-J2) than distal segments (J3-I1-I2) on all diets (P smaller than 0.001). Enzyme activities after test diet periods were determined only by the test diet, and were independent of the baseline diet for all segments. The 68% carbohydrate diets increased enzyme activities significantly more (P smaller than 0.001) than the 40% glucose or carbohydrate free diets, in all segments. On the 40% glucose diet, activities were significantly higher (P smaller than 0.05) than on the carbohydrate free diet in D and J1, but not distally. The data suggest that there is an intrinsic gradient of enzyme activity from the proximal to the distal small intestine which persists despite dietary manipulation, and that all segments of the small bowel show adaptive increases to dietary sugars. PMID- 1130304 TI - Prevention of folate deficiency by food fortification. III. Effect in pregnant subjects of varying amounts of added folic acid. AB - Maise meal fortified with folic acid was administered to subjects in late pregnancy in a daily dose of either 500 or 300 mug of folic acid. Changes in hematological and folate nutritonal status were compared to those in subjects receiving 300 mug folic acid/day in tablet form, and also in subjects in a previous study who received unfortified maize meal (control group) or meal containing 1,000 mug folic acid/day. In all groups receiving folic acid, red cell and serum folate levels rose progressively, and the rate of rise increased with increasing doses of folic acid. Maize meal containing a daily dose of 500 mug folic acid produced an effect similar to that of 300 mug daily in tablet form. Maize containing 300 mug added folic acid daily was effective in preventing the progression of folate depletion in late pregnancy. PMID- 1130305 TI - Prevention of folate deficiency by food fortification. IV. Identification of target groups in addition to pregnant women in an adult rural population. AB - In a rural Negro population subsisting on a predominantly maize meal diet, the incidence of folate deficiency was 43.8% in nonanaemic women in late pregnancy, 32.1% in nonpregnant women, and 18.6% in adult males. More than one-third of all subjects older than 60 were deficient. No instance of unequivocal vitamin B12 deficiency was revealed in 431 subjects sampled, and it is considered that the hazards of giving a small daily dose of folic acid in this population are negligible. These findings warrant food fortification with folic acid in this and similar population groups. PMID- 1130306 TI - Effect of maternal malnutrition on the bone density of the neonates. AB - Bone density measurements were made in 15 paried mothers and neonates of well-to do group and in 21 age and parity matched mothers and their neonates of the poor socioeconomic community using radiodensitometry. Radiodensities of all bones studied in the mothers and neonates of high income group were significantly higher than those of corresponding bones of the mothers and neonates of poor community. This may be a reflection of maternal malnutrition on the intrauterine development of the bone. A close correlation was observed between the bone density of mothers and neonates in the poor income group. Bone density had no relation with birth weight. PMID- 1130307 TI - Effect of milk and casein on the absorption of supplemental iron in the mouse and chick. AB - Milk is an attractive vehicle for introducing iron supplements into iron deficient infants and children. This study compares the effects of milk and caseins on the whole-body absorption of radioactive iron complexes in an attempt to resolve the controversy over whether milk and its constituent phosphoproteins seriously impair iron absorption. Evidence is presented to clarify the role of the calcium-casein micelles of cow's milk in binding iron donated by the ferric nitrilotriacetate (NTA) complex. The absorption of iron from isolated Fe(III) casein complexes was studied in mice as a function of the casein--to--Fe ratio and was compared with the absorption of Fe(III)-NTA at equivalent levels. Even at casein--to--Fe ratios higher than those found in conventional iron-supplemented cow's milk (10-15 mg Fe/qt; casein P:Fe congruent to 34), absorption of iron(III) from the casein or NTA complex was not significantly different. There was no significant difference in the absorption of iron administered to mice and chicks as ferrous ion, ferric-NTA, or ferric fructose; nonfat cow's milk did not inhibit the absorption of these iron compounds. For the chick, in fact, milk significantly enhanced the absorption of iron from the ferric-NTA chelate. In order to affect iron absorption significantly casein would have to be present considerably in excess of that found in conventionally supplemented cow's milk. PMID- 1130308 TI - Protein requirements of men in a hot climate: decreased urinary nitrogen losses concomitant with increased sweat nitrogen losses during exposure to high environmental temperature. AB - In two separate experiments 8 healthy young men were given an egg-milk formula at a level of 0.7 g protein/kg per day, and were exposed to high environmental temperature (34--37 C, 7 hours daily) or cool temperature (21--26 C, all day), alternately. In the first experiment a 16-day hot period was followed by a 20-day cool period and finally by a 20-day hot period. Daily urinary nitrogen (N) loss of the last 8 days of cool period, 82.2 mg/kg, was significantly higher than that of the last 8 days of the 20-day hot period 69.7 mg/kg. Daily skin N loss was significantly lower during the last 8 days of the cool period (3.5 mg/kg) than during the last 8 days of the 20-day hot period (11.9 mg/kg). Urinary N and skin N lossess were negatively correlated (r equal to -0.905) in these periods. In the second experiment a 28 day hot period was followed by a 20-day cool period. Skin N loss diminished from 12.3 mg/kg daily during the last 12 days of the 28-day hot period to 4.1 mg/kg during the last 12-days of the cool period. At the same time, urinary N loss increased significantly from 81.4 mg/kg during the 28-day hot period to 95.2 mg/kg during a cool period. Urinary N and skin N losses were again negatively correlated (r equal to -0.620) during these periods. Results of these studies indicate that when skin N loss increases during high temperature, urinary N loss decreases gradually, but total N loss does not increase. PMID- 1130309 TI - Effect on fecal output of various dietary nitrogen sources in pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) fed fiber-free, semisynthetic diets. AB - Fiber-free liquid diets containing isonitrogenous amounts of various dietary nitrogen sources were fed to five adult male pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) with a mean weight of approximately 10 kg. All liquid diets supplied 3.0 g N/DAY PER MONKEY AND MAINTAINED THE ANIMALS IN A POSTIVE NITROGEN BALANCE. Initial baseline fecal output data were obtained by feeding the animals a commercial solid monkey chow. The dietary nitrogen sources fed were a) egg white protein, b) an enzymatic hydrolysate of fish protein supplemented with L-amino acids to simulate the egg albumin pattern, c) a mixture of pure L-amino acids simulating the egg pattern, d) a casein hydrolysate supplemented with amino acids, and e) an amino acid mixture with Rose's pattern. Total fecal matter, dry fecal matter, percent of moisture, fecal nitrogen, lipids and ash were determined for a 10-day period for each experimental diet. A very significant difference (P smaller than 0.001) was noted between each liquid diet and the solid chow, but no significant differences were found between the various fiber free liquid diets, pointing to the effect of fiber as a major factor affecting fecal output. Monkeys fed liquid diets excreted fecal matter with a mean of 12.9 g/day, of which 4.7 g/day was dry feces (fecal dry matter 28.5%). Fecal nitrogen was found to be 0.25 g, fecal lipids were 0.19 g, and fecal ash was 0.59 g/day per monkey, respectively. PMID- 1130310 TI - Metabolic effects of glucose in brief and prolonged fasted man. AB - The protein-sparing capability of glucose was investigated in overweight subjects prior to and during the performance of prolonged therapeutic fasts. Blood (for hormones and substrates) and urine (for nitrogen and ketoacids) specimens were collected prior to, during, and subsequent to the performance of the following studies. Three subjects ingested, as their only source of calories, 37.5 g of glucose every 6 hours for 7 days (glucose I). The same group of subjects was then fasted for 3 weeks following which the above glucose protocol was repeated (glucose II). In both groups, glucose administration diminished nitrogen excretion, urea being decreased in the first group and ammonia in the second. PMID- 1130312 TI - Letters to the editor: The magnitude and the implications of apparent race differences in hemoglogin values. PMID- 1130311 TI - Vitamin B6 requirements of women using oral contraceptives. AB - Fifteen women who used combined estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives and nine control women were given a vitamin B6-deficient diet for 4 weeks and the same diet supplemented with 0.8, 2.0, or 20.0 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride for an additional 4 weeks. At weekly intervals a variety of indices of vitamin B6 nutrition were measured to determine rates of depletion and repletion. The tryptophan load test (2.0 g) was significantly different in the contraceptive users. However, other indices, including urinary cystathionine (3.0 g L methionine load), urinary 4-pyridoxic acid, plasma phosphate, and erythrocyte alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, were not significantly different. Since altered tryptophan metabolism persisted in contraceptive users even when other indices of vitamin B6 nutrition were normal, we suggest that the use of oral contraceptives specifically affects tryptophan metabolism by some means other than through a vitamin B6 deficiency. PMID- 1130313 TI - Letter: Bone mineral content of North Alaskan Eskimos. PMID- 1130314 TI - Letter: Model for protein deficiency. PMID- 1130315 TI - Effect of riboflavin on plasma growth hormone and serum iron in man. PMID- 1130316 TI - Dietary levels of vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids and plasma vitamin E. AB - Seventeen daily diets (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) were analyzed from a 35-day menu cycle fed to students, under contract in the University dining halls. This 35-day menu cycle was repeated 6.6 times over the course of two 15-week semesters and registration and final examination periods. The average 2, 500 kcal diet collected during the sixth and seventh menu cycles contained 96 plus or minus 26 g fat of which 19.5 plus or minus 1.8% was linoleate and 28.7 plus or minus 14.2 mg total tocopherol of which 7.5 plus or minus 3.5 mg was RRR-alpha-tocopherol. Blood samples obtained from 26 female undergraduate student volunteers contained adequate levels of plasma total vitamin E, 1.09 plus or minus 0.25 mg/100 ml, despite the observation that 71% and 65% of the diets analyzed did not meet the value tabluated in the eighth edition of "Recommended Dietary Allowances" for adult females in terms of RRR-alpha-tocopherol or total vitamin E activity, respectively. These data emphasize the importance of the average long-term consumption of this fat-soluble vitamin rather than daily intake. PMID- 1130317 TI - Recommended dietary allowance for vitamin E: relation to dietary, erythrocyte and adipose tissue linoleate. AB - The general trend toward increased consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids is apparent in the linoleate level of adipose tissue (13.0 plus or minus 1.3%) and erythrocyte lipids (14.0 plus or minus 1.9%) in the present group of female undergraduate student volunteers compared to values reported in the early 1960's. On the basis of the level of linoleate in their diets (19.5 plus or minus 0.8%), it is also apparent that further increases in tissue lipid linoleate levels are to be anticipated, which in turn will result in an increased requirement for vitamin E. It is suggested that adipose tissue linoleate levels in the general population be used as a baseline for the periodic evaluation and revision of the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin E. The recommended dietary allowance could then be phrased in terms of the quantity of vitamin E activity to be consumed per gram linoleate in 100 g adipose tissue fatty acids. A recommendation of 0.6 IU vitamin E activity/g linoleate in 100 g adipose tissue fatty acids is tentatively suggested. PMID- 1130318 TI - Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the Alaskan Arctic Eskimo. AB - The effect of a low total carbohydrate low sucrose diet on various parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism was studied among residents of a North Slope Alaskan Eskimo village. For comparative purposes a group of Eskimo youths consuming a higher carbohydrate institutional diet was also stidied. Those Eskimos consuming their native diet had unusually low serum triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins and normal glucose and tolbutamide tolerance tests. Eskimos on a higher carbohydrate diet exhibited significant elevations of triglycerides and minor alterations in glucose tolerance testing. Differences in cholesterol intake between these groups were accompanied by changes in serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels. Unusually high levels of free fatty acids without ketonemia in the North Slope sample were noted as well. PMID- 1130319 TI - Titrating dietary linoleate to in vivo platelet function in man. AB - Platelet aggregation time significantly increased within 48 hours in response to an increase in dietary linoleate of 4% of calories while disaggregation time decreased significantly in 96 hours. A change as small as 0.5% of calories was associated with significant alterations within 4 days. In this group, dietary linoleate appears to be related to platelet function by the equations Aggregation time equals 41.14 plus 2.79 linoleate Disaggregation time equals 11.04 minus 25.52 linoleate. PMID- 1130320 TI - Effect of oral contraceptive agents on vitamin nutrition status. AB - Effects of low estrogen combination type oral contraceptives on some of the biochemical parameters used for assessing vitamin nutritional status were investigated in a group of women who had used the pill for 6 to 12 months. Another group of women was examined initially and then at one or more points of time within the first 6 months of treatment. Following changes were observed in women treated with oral contraceptives: 1) increased excretion of kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid following tryptophan load; 2) increased EGOT activity and also an increase in vitro stimulation of EGOT with added PALP; 3) increased plasma vitamin A levels; 4) fall in erythrocyte folate levels; 5) fall in erythrocyte transketolase activity with no change in vitro stimulation with TPP; and 6) fall in erythrocyte riboflavin concentration associated with a decrease in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity and increase in vitro stimulation with FAD. Most of these changes were observed during the first few cycles of oral contraceptive treatment. PMID- 1130321 TI - Insulin, glucose and triglyceride relationships in obese African subjects. AB - Aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied in 50 nondiabetic African subjects living in Johannesburg. Twenty-six of them were overweight, invariably associated with a high-carbohydrate intake. In general, the obese group demonstrated significantly raised serum insulin levels, normal glucose tolerance, normal fasting serum triglycerides, and significantly elevated serum cholesterol concentrations. However, the degree of obesity was not significantly correlated with any of these metabolic variables--notably basal or stimulated insulin levels. This suggests that the obese state, per se, was not the major cause of the hyperinsulinemia, and that other factors influenced individual insulin responses or sensitivity. Inconsistently excessive dietary carbohydrate ingestion and an unusual degree of physical activity may have been important. A striking correlation emerged between fasting serum triglycerides and insulin concentrations (both basal and stimulated); the possibility that this reflects acceleration of hepatic triglyceride synthesis by insulin is discussed. The concept of obesity invariably producing insulin resistance and progressive compensatory hyperinsulinism may not apply in all environmental conditions. PMID- 1130322 TI - The structure of cell membranes involved in intercellular communication. AB - The molecular structure of mouse hepatocyte gap junctions is investigated with corrlated electron microscopy, biochemistry, and x-ray diffraction technics. These studies reveal that the gap junction is composed of a hexagonal lattice of protein subunits, connexons, which pierce the hydrophobic membrane and establish a structural basis for intercellular hydrophilic channels or pores. By digesting liver-cell membranes with trypsin, a preparation of open- and closed-gap junction vesicles can be generated; this preparation will permit direct permeability measurements across the gap junction membranes in an in-vitro system. PMID- 1130323 TI - Modifying the immunogenicity of cell membrane antigens. Tumors and transplants. AB - The immunogenicity of an antigenic cell is a distinctly different property from its antigenic composition. Two clinical problems might well be beneficially affected by modifying the immunogenicity of cell membrane antigens: Can the immunogenicity of tumor-specific antigens on malignant cells be increased so that effective immunity to the tumor will lead to its destruction? Conversely, can the immunogenicity of histocompatibility antigens on grafted organs be minimized so that they will survive a foreign host? Evidence is accumulating to indicate that under certain conditions a tumor vaccine can be developed utilizing autochthonous tumor cells, removed from the host, chemically modified in vitro, and reinjected into the original host which will effectively, augment specific immunologic defenses against residual tumor cells. Similarly, the moderately immunosuppressed host will tolerate grafts after suitable immunogenic modification in vitro. Both approaches may have ready clinical application, even before the mechanisms have been worked. PMID- 1130324 TI - Effectiveness of an early secondary prevention program in an inner-city elementary school. AB - The adaptation of an early secondary prevention program to an inner-city elementary school is described. The program utilizes nonprofessional workers as the primary helping agents with maladapting children in kindergarten through third grade classes. The program also involves consultation with classroom teachers and parents and an after-school activity group. A community advisory board helps provide accountability to the community and increased program impact in the community. Evaluation of the program provides support for program effectiveness in improving the adaptation of program children. PMID- 1130325 TI - Brief hotline training. An effort to examine impact on volunteers. AB - In response to community needs and pressures, increasing numbers of small crisis centers and hotline services have emerged. This emergence of services has been possible in part because of the mounting number of eager and interested volunteers. These services want and need training for the volunteers. This article examines the problem of evaluating the kind of information and the kind of training that hotline volunteers were given in a brief training program. PMID- 1130326 TI - Planning primary prevention strategy. A survey of the effects of business location on Indian reservation life. AB - It was hypothesized that the introductions of a new business or industry into a high-poverty-level Indian reservation community would produce conditions that could have both positive and negative effects on mental health. A questionnaire surveying the impact of business location on reservation life was sent to all field offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Survey results supported the expectation that business development may affect community life in a variety of ways. Respondents cited approximately twice as many positive effects as negative ones. Furthermore, it was found that relatively few Indians were actually employed and consequently exposed to either type of effect. Implications of the survey for planning primary prevention strategies which would minimize the pathogenic influences of business development are discussed. PMID- 1130327 TI - Childhood sarcoidosis. Progressive systemic illness with micronodular pulmonary involvement. AB - A 9-year-old black girl had progressive generalized sarcoidosis. Chest roentgenograms disclosed severe, disseminated micronodular infiltrates, and pulmonary function was severely decreased. Results of a liver biopsy disclosed granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. She responded dramatically to corticosteroid therapy, both clinically and radiologically. PMID- 1130328 TI - Cardiophrenic adenopathy in Hodgkin disease. AB - Hodgkin disease can involve diaphragmatic lymph nodes adjacent to the heart. When nodes at the cardiac apex are involved, the roentgenographic appearance simulates that of the normal pericardial fat pad. Though, to our knowledge, no cases have been reported in which this was the only intrathoracic manifestation of Hodgkin disease at the time the patient was first seen and the condition was diagnosed, it may be the only manifestation of relapse, as was true in the case presented. PMID- 1130329 TI - A new arthrogryposis syndrome with facial and limb anomalies. AB - A new familial syndrome of facial and limb anomalies was shown in a 4-month-old girl. Small mouth and jaw with limited jaw movement were seen in infancy, with growth to relatively normal size and movement in adulthood, but with a persistent, deep, horizontal depression just above the chin. Mild short stature and microcephaly as well as large ears with lack of the anthelix were present in family members. Severe flexion contractures of the hands and feet were present and led to subluxation of fingers and club feet in the most severely affect child. Marked variability among family members was seen, but a dominant inheritance seems likely. PMID- 1130330 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in a 1-year-old child. AB - An 11-month-old girl had systemic lupus erythematosus with a widespread skin rash. She manifested five of the criteria necessary for the diagnosis: oral ulcerations, alopecia, positive lupus erythematosus preparations, convulsions, and thrombocytopenia with leukopenia. Direct immunofluorescence showed deposits of IgG and C3 at the dermoepidermal junction of both abnormal and clinically uninvolved skin, and in subepithelial deposits along the glomerular basement membrane. PMID- 1130331 TI - Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in an infant with severe pneumonia. AB - A 6-week-old boy with severe pneumonia developed hyponatremia as a result of the syndrome of inapropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Cerebral edema and seizures occurred after administration of fluids and diuretics. Fluid restriction and resolution of the pneumonia corrected the severe electrolyte imbalance. The possibility of SIADH should be considered in cases of severe and resistant pneumonia in infancy. PMID- 1130332 TI - Letter: Safe alternative to tracheostomy in acute epiglottitis. PMID- 1130333 TI - Letter: Varicella-like rash associated with Mycoplasma infection. PMID- 1130334 TI - Letter: Familial renal agenisis and total dysplasia. PMID- 1130335 TI - Letter: Reye syndrome protocol. PMID- 1130336 TI - Letter: Concurrent pneumonia and acute appendicitis. PMID- 1130337 TI - Letter: The physician's responsibility in the management of sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 1130338 TI - Abbreviated Writing. PMID- 1130339 TI - The child with "excessive" height prediction. Clinical dilemma. PMID- 1130340 TI - Critical weight at menarche. Critique of a hypothesis. AB - The critical weight hypothesis in relation to menarche, which is known as the Frisch-Revelle model, has been examined. Since, in eight samples, girls reached menarche at weights spanning a 71.4-kg (157-lb) range, Frisch and Revelle's concept of a critical weight of 47 to 48 kg (104 to 106 lb) cannot be applied meaningfully to individuals. Neither can the suggestion of an invariant mean weight be accepted, because significant differences occur among the mean menarcheal weights for several samples of normal white girls. Finally, when stature is held constant, there is some evidence that girls who reach menarche at younger ages are heavier than those who begin menstruating at older ages. Apparent reductions in variability when the estimated amount of total body water is used instead of body weight may result from statistical artifacts associated with regression analysis. PMID- 1130341 TI - Ambulatory pediatric fellowship programs. AB - Pediatric ambulatory fellowships are post-residency training program designed to prepare pediatricians to deliver, organize, and evaluate primary pediatric care. A survey of the members of the ambulatory Pediatric Association details the funding, structure, content, and outcome of these training programs. The Ambulatory Pediatric Association has recently approved guidelines for the standards and content of these fellowship programs. PMID- 1130342 TI - Fetal electroencephalography. Relationship to neonatal and one-year developmental neurological examinations in high-risk infants. AB - Sharp wave activity in fetal electroencephalograms was found to have a significant relation to neurological findings at 1 year of age but not to neurological findings obtained during the neonatal period. Neonatal neurological findings were significantly related to those at 1 year of age. PMID- 1130343 TI - Pneumatoceles following hydrocarbon ingestion. Report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - Three cases of pneumatocele formation secondary to hydrocarbon ingestion are reported and analyzed along with 12 from the literature. The cases display a spectrum of clinical severity. After a period of 3 to 15 days, during which most patients became asymptomatic, pneumatoceles were noted radiologically, usually as an unexpected finding on follow-up roentgenograms. No instances of pneumothorax or empyema were noted. Resolution has been observed radiologically after periods varying from 15 days to 21 months. The incidence of this complication is probably greater than previously realized. PMID- 1130344 TI - Infants with congenital heart disease. Food intake, body weight, and energy metabolism. AB - Growth failure in infants with congenital heart disease was investigated by studies of food intake, change in body weight, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and lean body mass. Infants with congenital heart disease weighed less initially and gained less weight during observation than normal infants. The daily intake of calories per kilogram body weight was inadequate for some infants and considered generally adequate for others. Lean body mass was normal, and the quantity of oxygen used for metabolism was similar in both groups. Infants with congenital heart disease were not found to be hypermetabolic when oxygen consumption was related to lean body mass. The growth failure seen in these infants appears to be most appropriately related to inadequate calorie intake rather than to any other factor studied. PMID- 1130345 TI - Neonatal familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Hypercholesterolemic and normal neonates from hypercholesterolemic kindreds were studied for 6 to 30 months. Sixteen of 22 hypercholesterolemic neonates and eight of 11 normal neonates came from families with "monogenic" hyperlipoproteinemia. At 6 or 12 months of age, plasma cholesterol level was greater than 200 mg/100 ml in eight of the 16 neonates with hypercholesterolemia. Four of these eight had cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 290 mg/100 ml at ages 6 to 18 months. On low cholesterol intake, at ages 6 to 12 months, five of seven infants with hypercholesterolemia had cholesterol levels less than 200 mg/100 ml. One of eight normal neonates from families with hypercholesterolemia had cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/100 ml at ages 6 to 12 months. Neonatal diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia provides an opportunity for long-term primary prevention in a group at high genetic risk for premature is chemic heart disease. PMID- 1130346 TI - Radiological case of the month. PMID- 1130347 TI - Androgen Therapy in an "excessively" tall boy. AB - An "excessively" tall, early pubertal boy was treated with androgen for a period of 33 months. Sexual development and fusion of epiphyses was accelerated with achievement of shorter stature than that predicted prior to therapy. Testicular size did not appear to be impaired by the therapy. Androgen administration in this young boy appeared to be effective in shortening the eventual adult stature. PMID- 1130348 TI - Come in, Ma Bell, wherever you are. PMID- 1130349 TI - Symposium on Malnutrition and Infection during Pregnancy: Introduction. PMID- 1130350 TI - Nutritional individuality. PMID- 1130351 TI - Nutrition of pregnant women in a developing country--Thailand. PMID- 1130352 TI - Nutrition in pregnancy in Central America and Panama. PMID- 1130353 TI - Maternal nutrition during pregnancy in industrialized societies. PMID- 1130354 TI - Maternal nutrition and fetal growth in developing societies. Socioeconomic factors. PMID- 1130355 TI - Pacemaker therapy in children with complete heart block. AB - Permanent pacemaker therapy in children with complete heart block is necessary occasionally. Ten patients ranging in age from 8 months to 15 years were treated with an implanted P-wave, synchronous epicardial pacemaker. Indications for implantation were persisting postsurgical heart block, congestive failure, syncopal attacks, and arrhythmias. There were two deaths not attributed to pacemaker malfunction. The remaining eight children have been followed up for 38 to 108 months. There have been 27 pulse generator replacements. Twenty-three were for battery exhaustion, three for electromechanical failure, and one was due to arrhythmia. Rhythm disturbances have occurred on eight occasions. There have been no infections. It is concluded that the implanted P-wave synchronous pacemaker is an effective method of therapy when indicated for children with complete heart block. PMID- 1130356 TI - Occlusive vertebrobasilar artery disease associated with cervical spine anomaly. AB - A 6-year-old boy developed a flaccid hemiplegia and dysarthria following several transient episodes of nausea, vomiting, and ataxia. An anomly of the dens was discovered, permitting subluxation of C-1 on C-2. A segmental occlusion of the right vertebral artery and an aneurysm of the left vertebral artery were found at the C-2 level, as well as a thromboembolic occlusion of the rostral end of the basilar artery. It appeared that the repeated cervical subluxation produced occlusive, aneurysmal, and embolic vascular disease, and that clinical symptoms were the result of ischemia in the territory perfused by the vertebrobasilar arteries. PMID- 1130357 TI - Ampicillin-associated diarrhea--A prospective study. AB - A prospective study of 200 consecutive patients receiving ampicillin for various reasons revealed that bowel habits changed in 16% and diarrhea occurred in 4.5%. No case of pseudomembranous colitis was found. The incidence with which bowel habits changed increased with larger total doses of antibiotic. Oral and intravenous routes causedthe same incidence of altered bowel habits. This study provides a proper comparison group to place clindamycin-associated colitis in proper perspective. PMID- 1130358 TI - Effect of increased intraabdominal pressure on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. AB - This study evaluates the effect of intraabdominal pressure increases on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure in normal subjects and in patients with reflux esophagitis. Intraabdominal and intragastric pressure were increased by abdominal compression, the Valsalva maneuver, and leg raising. In normal subjects changes in pressure recorded from the LES equaled the changes in gastric pressure induced by abdominal compression and Valsalva. Consquently the LES-gastric pressure gradient remained unchanged. During leg raising, pressure recorded from the LES increased more than gastric pressure, thereby increasing the LES-gastric pressure gradient. Although statistically significant, the LES pressure increases associated with leg raising were modest, unrelated to initial sphincter pressure, and unaffected by atropine. When individuals demonstrating a "common cavity" phenomenon were exculed, LES pressure changes during abdominal compression were similar in patients with esophagitis and in normal volunteers. Consequently, response of the LES to abdominal compression generally does not separate patients with esophagitis from normal subjects. We believe that the LES responses to increased intra-abdominal pressure observed in this study are better accounted for by mechanical factors than by a physiologic adaptive response of intrinsic LES tone. PMID- 1130359 TI - Exocrine pancreatic function in juvenile diabetics. AB - In 11 juvenile diabetics and 13 control subjects, the secretin-pancreozymin test was performed. Duodenal-volume losses were corrected by use of radioactive vitamin B12 as marker substance. As compared to normal subjects, juvenile diabetics had significantly decreased pancreatic outputs of amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and to a lesser degree, of bicarbonate. Clinical evidence of disease of the exocrine pancreas was missing. There was no discernible relationship between the abnormality of external pancreatic function and the duration of diabetes mellitus or the dose of insulin required. Possible factors that may be responsible for the exocrine deficiency of the pancreas in juvenile diabetics are discussed. PMID- 1130360 TI - Oropharyngeal dysphagia Manometric and cine esophagraphic findings. AB - The manometric and cineradiographic features of 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia are described. Failure of the upper-esophageal sphincter (UES) to relax completely and incoordination of UES relaxation with pharyngeal contraction were noted as was poor initiation of swallows and disorganization of pharyngeal contraction. The relative merits of cine esophagography and esophageal manometry in evaluating oropharyngeal dysphagia are assessed, and a functional classification for this disorder is proposed. Clinical improvement in 4 of 5 patients who underwent UES myotomy for severe intractable dysphagia did not always correlate with improvement in manometric and cine studies. PMID- 1130361 TI - Inflammatory pseudotumors (inflammatory fibrous polyps) of the small intestine: A clinicopathologic study. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of 25 inflammatory pseudotumors of the small intestine are reported. These rare lesions, which clinically may simulate neoplasms, consist of localized, frequently polypoid masses composed of inflamed fibrous and granulation tissue. Inflammatory pseudotumors may produce intussusception and small-bowel obstruction. Some are found at laparotomy performed for other reasons. The diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor usually can not be made until the lesion is examined histogically. Their etiology remains unknown, but their relationship to intestinal ulceration is discussed. Problems in differential histologic diagnosis are considered. PMID- 1130362 TI - Transplantation antigens in Crohn's disease: Linkage of associated ankylosing spondylitis with HL-Aw27. AB - The complete HL-A antigen profile was examined in 77 patients with Crohn's disease,11 of whom had unequivocal ankylosing spondylitis. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of the HL-A antigens between these 77 patients and 600 normal controls. 10 male patients with Crohn's disease possessed HL-Aw27; all of these had unequivocal ankylosing spondylitis. This antigen may, therefore, be a useful marker of spondylitis in Crohn's disease. PMID- 1130363 TI - The role of bile reflux in the development of cold-restraint gastric lesions. AB - The study was designed to test whether or not bile reflux is necessary for the development of gastric mucosal lesions during cold-restraint stress in the rat. 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. They were randomized into 4 groups. Group 1 underwent sham operations with no cold-restraint stress. Group 2 underwent sham operations. Group 3 underwent pyloric ligation. Group 4 underwent bile duct ligation. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were subjected to cold-restraint stress for 3 hours at 4-6 degrees C in a Bollman cage. After the experimental procedure, the stomachs were removed under ether anesthesia, the severity of lesions was recorded, and blood from the hearts was obtained for hematocrit readings. The mean lesion scores of all groups exposed to cold-restraint stress were similar and much higher than that of the unrestrained sham-operated group (P smaller than 0.001). Also, mean hematocrit readings in all groups exposed to cold-restraint stress were lower than in the control group (P smaller than 0.05). There was a correlation between severity of mucosal lesions and hematocrit reading (rs=0.57, P smaller than 0.001). The results obtained allow the following conclusions: (1) Bile reflux is not necessary for formation of cold-restraint stress lesions in the rat. (2) Hematocrit readings appear to be a useful measure of blood loss secondary to experimental mucosal lesions. PMID- 1130364 TI - Use and abuse of gastric function tests by British and American gastric surgeons. AB - The use of gastric function tests by American and British gastroenterologic surgeons in different clinical situations has been studied by questionnaire. Clinical practice on both sides of the Atlantic is generally similar. The major difference in the type of test employed is that pentagastrin cannot be used in clinical practice in the United States. Surgeons in the USA were much more liberal in their indications for gastric secretory tests than were their British counterparts. Significantly more tests were used by American surgeons, if x-ray evidence of duodenal or gastric ulcer existed, and to evaluate a post-gastrectomy patient, whether symptomatic or not. The British surgeonswere much less likely to allow the results of secretory tests to influence their surgical approach. The authors discuss indications for and the clinical value of gastric secretion tests and conclude that in most instances far too many tests are being employed. PMID- 1130365 TI - Evaluation of gut microflora during administration of an elemental diet in a patient with an ileoproctostomy. PMID- 1130366 TI - Lower-esophageal webs. AB - A case of a true lower-esophageal web is reported. The web was not visualized on radiological examination, but was visualized and removed by endoscopy. The purpose of this report is to point out that true lower-esophageal webs are different from lower-esophageal rings. Lower-esophageal webs occur much less frequently than lower-esophageal rings but must be included in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia. PMID- 1130367 TI - Leukocyte migration test in Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and ankylosing spondylitis using Crohn's colon homogenate, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions. AB - Leukocytes from 33 patients with Crohn's disease, 20 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 20 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were tested for evidence of abnormal migration in the presence of preparations of colon from a patient with Crohn's disease. None of the patients was on treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. The test was also performed with leucocytes from 12 health subjects. Significant alteration was seen in the Crohn's disease group, particularly when the antigen used was mitochondrial or microsomal fraction of colon mucosa, whereas the patients in the ulcerative colitis group showed reactivity only with the whole colon homogenate and not with the subcellular fractions. The ankylosing spondylitis group showed no statistical difference from the normal controls with any of the antigens. PMID- 1130368 TI - The immune response to phi chi 174 in man. II. Primary and secondary antibody production in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - 10 patients with Crohn's disease in various states of activity have been injected with 3.3 times 10-9 plaque-forming units of the bacteriophage phi chi 174, as a test for their capacity to produce antibodies. 9 patients had a completely normal primary and secondary antibody response. One patient had higher levels of preimmunization antibodies than have been encountered in normal subjects and developed a secondary (IgG) response to the first dose of antigen. We conclude that there is no evidence of a general disturbance of antibody-producing capacity in subjects with Crohn's disease. PMID- 1130369 TI - Significance of gastric secretory changes in the pathogenesis of stress ulcers. AB - Analyses of gastric juice withdrawn 3 hours after the pylorus was ligated and of plasma corticosterone and blood glucose after animals were exposed to rotational stress revealed that gastric secretion was highest in controls, intermediate in stressed rats that developed ulcers, and lowest in stressed rats that did not develop ulcers. Neither high nor low gastric secretion correlated with stress ulcer formation. When initial mucosal ischemia and secretory inhibition, which occurred in all stressed rats, were considered, those that developed ulcers manifested gastric hypersecretion when compared with those that did not develop ulcers. The pathogenetic significance of gastric hypersecretion in stress-ulcer formation is discussed and correlated with mucosal microvascular changes during stress. Mean plasma corticosterone was highest in stressed rats that developed ulcers, next highest in stressed rats that did not develop ulcers, and lowest in control rats. Compared with normal rats, mean blood glucose was lowest in stressed rats and highest in controls. Hypoglycemic changes were more marked in stressed rats that developed ulcers than in stressed rats that did not develop ulcers. PMID- 1130370 TI - Effect of intragastric infusion of tobacco powder on DNA content of gastric aspirate. AB - The DNA content in gastric aspirate was measured before and during intragastric infusion of 0.1 or 0.2 g/hr tobacco powder. The infusion of 0.1 g/hr caused an insignificant rise in the DNA content but infusion of 0.2 g/hr of tobacco caused a marked and rapid rise in the DNA content of gastric aspirate during the hour of infusion. The effect of tobacco was transient (ie, only during the period of infusion). These observations indicate that the increased exfoliation of surface epithelial cells of human gastric mucosa with tobacco infusion is dose related. PMID- 1130371 TI - Radioselenium pancreozymin-secretin test as a clinical test for pancreatic exocrine function. AB - The appearance of radioselenium in the protein fraction of duodenal aspirates has been studied after an intravenous injection of 75-Se-selenomethionine. The continuous flow of pancreatic juice was stimulated by pancreozymin at 120 minutes and by secretin at 140 minutes. A good distinction between normal subjects and patients with pancreatic disease was obtained by measuring 75-Se-radioactivity in the protein fraction of duodenal aspirates; either cumulative radioactivity during the combined 80-minute post-pancreozymin-secretin period, or maximum 75-Se specific activity during the postsecretin period was used as an index. The test presented here might be a useful and sufficiently reliable method for detecting abnormal pancreatic exocrine function. This test can be performed along with the conventional pancreozymin-secretin test, serum enzyme response to pancreozymin and secretin, and pancreatic scintiscanning. PMID- 1130372 TI - Lowered serum cholesterol following the ingestion of a hydrophilic colloid. AB - An attempt was made to test the possible clinical application of the cholesterol lowering effect of hydrophilic colloids. 10 patients with high mean serum cholesterol levels during a 3-week control period and 9 with normal mean levels were each fed 11.5 g daily of undiluted hydrophilic colloid for 5 weeks. Serum cholesterol decreased significantly in 8 of the 10 (80%) patients with control period hypercholesteremia and 6 of the 9 (66 2/3%) with control-period normal levels. These findings tend to confirm the observation that a simple and commonly used type of medication for chronic constipation, particularly in the elderly, may be a useful adjunct in the management of hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 1130373 TI - Inflammatory pseudotumors (inflammatory fibrous polyps) of the esophagus. A clinicopathologic study. AB - When they involve the gastrointestinal tract, inflammatory pseudotumors, composed of inflamed fibrous and granulation tissue, produce localized, frequently polypoid, masses. These rare lesions have been described in the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Only two have been previously reported in the esophagus. In this paper, 4 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor involving the esophagus are presented. These lesions usually occur in the esophagus as raised, occasionally pedunculated, masses and may be mistaken on radiologic examination and in the operating room for a neoplasm, usually a leiomyoma. Theories concerning pathogenesis of these lesions are considered and the differential diagnostic criteria are discussed. PMID- 1130374 TI - Pulmonary vasculitis and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 1130375 TI - Ulcerative colitis and anaphylactoid purpura. PMID- 1130376 TI - Chylous ascites and intestinal muscular hypertrophy occurring in the course of celiac sprue. PMID- 1130377 TI - Variability of serum gastrin levels in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Studies with two antisera to gastrin. AB - A patient with recurrent peptic ulceration and presumed Zollinger-Ellison syndrome whose serum gastrin concentration varied widely is reported. Two antisera, one directed predominantly against nonsulfated gastrin and the other measuring both sulfated and nonsulfated gastrin, showed that in addition to wide variation in gastrin levels, this patient secreted his gastrin predominantly in the sulfated G34 form. The possibility of variable serum gastrin levels, which may reflect either spontaneous vaiation in gastrin output from Z-E tumors or differing specificity of the antiserum utilized in the immunoassay, may be of importance in the diagnosis and management of patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Because of gastrin heterogeneity in the Z-E syndrome, this study reinforces the concept that a broad spectrum antibody, detecting all gastrin components should be routinely used in detection of patients suspected of having the Z-E syndrome. PMID- 1130379 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus arising in a columnar-lined esophagus. AB - A patient presenting with dysphagia and weight loss was found to have a large midesophageal mass. Five biopsies indicated only adenoma but a brush cytology specimen under direct vision was diagnostic of adenocarcinoma. Esophagotomy and resection of tumor, with follow-up radiotherapy were performed; histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. To date, there has been no recurrence of the tumor. This patient was subsequently found to have a columnar-lined esophagus. Since columnar-lined esophagus may predispose to malignancy, this case illustrates the diagnostic importance of direct-vision cytology in patients with columnar-lined esophagus. PMID- 1130380 TI - Silent pancreatic pseudocyst. An unusual cause of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. AB - Extrahepatic biliary obstruction due to mechanical obstruction of the common bile duct is a relatively rare complication of pancreatic pseudocyst. When jaundice does occur, clinical or laboratory evidence of associated primary hepatobiliary disease or acute pancreatitis has invariably been present. The patient described had a 3-month history of painless juandice, 40-lb weight loss, pruritus, and hepatomegaly, but no clinical or biochemical evidence of acute or chronic pancreatitis. After initial evaluation, including an abdominal echogram and a transhepatic cholangiogram, carcinoma of the head of the pancreas was diagnosed preoperatively. At laparotomy, a small pancreatic pseudocyst obstructed the terminal portion of the common bile duct. This case illustrates that a pancreatic pseudocyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, even in the absence of clinical evidence of pancreatitis or pseudocyst formation. PMID- 1130381 TI - Comparative gastroenterology. Studies of albumin metabolism in dogs using 51-Cr- and 125-I-labeled albumin. PMID- 1130382 TI - Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia in cattle with upper gastrointestinal obstruction. PMID- 1130383 TI - Effect of age on epithelial cell migration in the small intestine of chickens. PMID- 1130378 TI - Hormonal control of gastrointestinal motility. AB - The motor responses of the gastrointestinal tract to a meal are tuned to provide the optimal conditions for digestion and absorption of food. Hormones released from the mucosa of the intestinal tract play an important role in regulating and integrating the various motor events which occur. Complex feedbacks, both nervous and humoral, control the release of intestinal hormones and also modify their actions. Preliminary studies suggest that abnormalities in the secretion or action of various gastrointestinal hormones may play an important role in the production of motor disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 1130384 TI - Protein absorption by neonatal pups throught two weeks of neonatal life. PMID- 1130385 TI - Analysis of the effects of inapparent bovine paratuberculosis. PMID- 1130386 TI - A case of avian tuberculosis of the intestinal tract of a horse. PMID- 1130387 TI - Letters to the editor: Postvagotomy insulin infusion test. PMID- 1130388 TI - Diffuse small bowel involvement in malignant histiocytosis. AB - The extremely unusual patient reported here had malignant histiocytosis with extensive gastrointestinal involvement. The presenting symptoms were those of a gastrointestinal disorder and barium studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed an infiltrative process of the entire small bowel. A biopsy of the small bowel demonstrated abnormal malignant cells and the diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis was considered and confirmed at postmortem. Strongyloidiasis, which was also found in this patient, may represent a hyperinfestation phenomenon due to altered host-parasite balance. PMID- 1130389 TI - The Nonreflux Determinant of Esophagitis. AB - Fifty randomly selected patients were examined clinically, esophagoscopically and biopsy specimens were taken transesophagoscopically from the lower third of the esophagus. In addition, upper gastrointestinal series and gastro-secretory studies were done in all subjects. In 15 cases, in vitro DNA synthesis using tritiated thymidine was measured. No clear correlation was found between clinical manifestations, esophagoscopic appearances and histopathologic findings (Table III). Eleven (27.5%) of the 40 patients with normal esophagoscopy showed abnormal histology, whereas two of the remaining 10 patients with esophagitis by esophagoscopic criteria showed normal histology. Thus, without biopsy about one third of the cases of histologic esophagitis can be overlooked. In the over all series, there were 19 (38%) cases with histologic esophagitis. In eight (42%) of the 19 patients with histologic esophagitis, the lesion was confined to the lamina propria. In addition to inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis, a thickened epithelial basal layer and relatively lengthened papillae were found to be important histological signs of esophagitis. Cases with thickened basal layer showed marked labeling with radioactive DNA precursor (H3 Thymidine) after two hours of incubation, compared with the other group of patients (normal esophageal mucosa histologically or histologic esophagitis without a thickened basal layer). This is thought to be a sign of increased regeneration and repair capacity. The lamina propria did not show any labeling in either group of patients at the end of two hours. Therefore, it is concluded that the esophageal epithelium has greater regenerative capacity and can repair itself and return to a normal appearance while the inflammatory process is ongoing in the lamina propria. Besides predisposing factors such as esophagogastric sphincter dysfunction and reflux of digestive enzymes, a local tissue reaction or cell proliferation and repair capacity of theesophageal epithelium must play an important role in the development of nonspecific "peptic" esophagitis. PMID- 1130390 TI - Electrocardiographic monitoring during coloscopy. AB - Electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in 15 of 23 patients (65%), five with known heart disease, who were monitored for one hour prior to, during and for one hour after coloscopy. In one patient, ischemic S-T depression, 2 mm. below the resting level, persisted during the one hour following coloscopy. In all other patients, the electrocariographic abnormalities disappeared before the end of the monitoring period. PMID- 1130391 TI - Idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. AB - This is a case report of a patient with a variant of idiopathic intestinal pseudo obstruction (IIPO). The patient, a 53-year old female with polycystic kidney disease, had intermittent episodes of intestinal distention with megaduodenum and megasigmoid noted at roentgen study and postmortem examination. The etiology of this abnormality is unclear and no significant changes in the innervation of the bowel were noted on gross or histologic study. PMID- 1130392 TI - Arteriographic diagnosis of a juvenile colon polyp. AB - A juvenile colon polyp was demonstrated by inferior mesenteric arteriography in a 21-year old man with recurrent, massive, unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding. The arteriogram demonstrated a mucosal blush at the tip of the polyp along with a solitary prominent draining vein in the stalk and a nest of draining veins at the base of the stalk. PMID- 1130393 TI - Diverticulosis in an unused colon. AB - It has been suggested that diverticulosis is the result of uncoordinated muscle activity of the colon in response to normal physiologic stimuli such as eating, emotions and the urge to defecate. This results in spasm of the longitudinal muscle with the heaping up of circular muscle bundles, creating interhaustral folds along the colonic wall adjacent to the mesentery. Narrowing of the lumen and shortening of the colon results which is enhanced by a low residue diet and prevented by a bulky diet. Segmentation results when muscular contraction approximates these interhaustral folds. Higher intraluminal pressure is produced in the areas of segmentation which enhances the development of diverticulosis in the bowel between interhaustral folds where there is a thinning of the circular muscles and where vessels pierce the colonic wall. The case presented herein supports these hypothesis in that the patient has experienced the extreme in a low residue diet for 50 years. PMID- 1130394 TI - Analysis of the mechanism of action of calcium-induced exocrine pancreatic secretory changes in the dog. AB - In conscious dogs, provided with gastric and duodenal fistulas (Thomas cannula), the effect of an acute i.v. calcium infusion (10 mg./kg./hr.) on the plateau levels of secretin-induced (GIH, 1 CU./kg./hr.) pancreatic juice parameters were analyzed without or with previous cholingergic blockade by a continuous atropine perfusion (1.5 mg./hr.). In the former condition, i.v. calcium raised all pancreatic juice parameters, mainly protein concentration (148%) and output (173%). During atropine blockade, i.v. calcium changed neither flow rate nor bicarbonate output of secretin-induced pancreatic secretion. On the other hand, i.v. calcium exerted a reduced but still evident effect on protein concentration (85%) and output (40%). Intravenous calcium enhances secretin-induced pancreatic secretion plateau values through two mechanisms, mainly by raising the cholinergic tone of the whole "pancreon" and, partially, through a direct stimulus-secretion coupling effect on the acinar cells. Acute hypercalcemia induces the formation of protein plugs in the pancreatic secretion. They are excreted in the course of many days in both basal and secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice. PMID- 1130395 TI - Lumenal and membrane hydrolysis of starch in some diseases of the small intestine and pancreas. PMID- 1130396 TI - The retrogastric transventricular approach for drainage of the "supragastric" pancreatic pseudocyst. AB - The majority of pancreatic pseudocysts develop in a retrogastric situation and are amenable to transgastric cystogastrostomy through the anterior gastric wall. We have encountered two pseudocysts in an unusual situation, in which adherence of the anterior gastric wall to the anterior parietal peritoneum precluded this approach. A retrogastric exposure through the lesser sac allowed for the creation of a cystogastrostomy through the superior aspects of the anterior and posterior gastric walls, adjacent to the lesser curvature of the stomach. This type of drainage is successful despite the theoretical failure to satisfy the dictum of dependent drainage. PMID- 1130397 TI - Comparison of the effect of different forms of a protein test meal on gastric acid and gastrin secretion. AB - In three mongrel dogs with fundic pouches, the effect of a chopped versus a blenderized test meal on gastric acid output and gastrin secretion was investigated. The blenderized test meal caused a greater increase in acid output and gastrin secretion than the chopped test meal. PMID- 1130398 TI - Concomitant acute lupus erythematosus and primary pneumococcal peritonitis. AB - The acute surgical abdomen, a synonym for peritonitis requiring surgical intervention, can be mimicked by lupus peritonitis and, in children, by pneumococcal peritonitis. The former is best treated by systemic steroids and, the latter by penicillin; neither is well served by surgical intervention. We have reported here a young woman with the concomitant occurrence of both conditions. If peritoneal tap and immediate bacteriologic gram staining of recovered aspirate were carried out in patients with a history of acute lupus, such similar cases could be detected preoperatively. An attempt at antibiotic treatment could then be instituted as a first measure. PMID- 1130399 TI - Crohn's disease of the appendix. Presentation of a case with review of the literature. PMID- 1130400 TI - The radiology corner. Gastric myeloma. AB - Gastric myeloma is a rare malignant tumor composed of atypical plasma cells and represents, as a rule, only the initial manifestation of widespread myelomatous proliferation. Roentgenographically, it may be indistinguishable from carcinoma of the stomach or it may present as a large intramural mass, often situated along the greater curvature of the stomach. The association of a malignant looking gastric lesion with clinical or radiographic evidence of multiple myeloma should strongly suggest the diagnosis. PMID- 1130401 TI - Apollo 11 disease or acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: a pandemic of a new enterovirus infection of the eyes. PMID- 1130402 TI - Medical observations and bias. AB - Many clinical and epidemiologic studies are based on different physicians' readings. A method to calibrate the various examinations is described. The standard reader's and others' results are plotted in a correlation diagram. Their readings are characterized by three parameters: frequency of agreement, average difference in size, and variance. In each study, the acceptable range of deviation from the standard reader should be decided. The standard reader is characterized by two requirements: a) that he is consistent, i.e., that a second reading shows a high rate of agreement, a small difference and a small variance between the two readings, and b) that he is reproducible, i.e., that other experienced doctors accept his classification and arrive at the same result. When statistical tests are used, it is understood that systematic errors are not present in the basic data. If this is not the case, the validity of the statistical tests is lost and results distorted or even meaningless. The second part of the study discusses types of bias encountered in epidemiologic studies and gives examples showing that the quantitative significance of bias can be considerable. PMID- 1130403 TI - Epidemiologic survey of rubella in a military recruit population. AB - A seroepidemiologic surveillance of rubella infections in arriving male and female Navy recruits indicated that from 82-90% of young adults have hemagglutination (HA) titers of 1:10 or greater. Subsequent to the establishment of a new male recruit camp, there was a 10- to 11-month hiatus of low level rubella infection in the population. Once endemic rubella was established, more than 73.3 per cent of those with no detectable initial titer seroconverted. There was no reported rubella infection at an isolated female recruit camp of about 500 women even though the proportion of susceptibles was similar. However, once the female recruit camp was relocated within the male camp, their experience with rubella became comparable. A small (6.8% men, 5.6% women) number of recruits with pre-existing HA antibody titers had a four-fold or greater rise in titer during training. The great transmissibility of rubella virus in a closed population was illustrated and the ineffectiveness of herd immunity in this setting was evident. PMID- 1130405 TI - LETTER: Charges for pharmaceutical services. PMID- 1130404 TI - Letter: Evaluation of mumps skin test. PMID- 1130406 TI - LETTER: Safety of various intravenous solution systems. PMID- 1130407 TI - Letter: Bromo-sletzer sans bromide. PMID- 1130408 TI - Letter: Compatibility of calcium and phosphate in amino acids solution. PMID- 1130409 TI - Editorial: Concern for dying patients. PMID- 1130410 TI - Editorial:: Practitioner support for the ASHP research and deucation foundation. PMID- 1130411 TI - Editorial:: On uniform pricing by pharmaceutical manufacturers. PMID- 1130412 TI - Role of the pharmacist in an allergy clinic. AB - The duties performed by pharmacy residents assigned to an allergy clinic, on a rotating basis, are described. The pharmacists are responsible for preparation and control of allergenic extracts, obtaining patient histories, performing allergy testing procedures, refering patients to community health clinics, and patient consultation. PMID- 1130413 TI - A pocket aide-memoire on drug interactions. AB - A pocket size "slide-rule" type device designed to be used by physicians, pharmacists and nurses as a memory aid on potential drug-drug interactions is described. Color-coded symbols on the device indicate both the type and clinical significance of the potential interactions involving 56 drugs or groups of drugs. PMID- 1130414 TI - Hyperosmolar cold storage kidney preservative solution. AB - A hyperosmolar kidney preservative solution which can maintain kidneys from experimental animals viable for up to 72 hours is described. Using the criterion of a one-month failure rate, the cold storage preservation method was found to be superior to machine preservation methods. Sachs' solution was found to be superior to all other cold storage solutions. The most important aspect of the hyperosmolar kidney preservative solution appears to be its ability to maintain normal intracellular electrolyte composition and to prevent cellular damage due to swelling. The present formula requires that the basic solution and a magnesium chloride additive solution be prepared separately and combined before use. A stable combined solution is proposed which can be sterilized by membrane filtration. PMID- 1130415 TI - Acute psychotic reaction to procaine penicillin. AB - A case of a 23-year old black female admitted for treatment of an acute psychotic episode 48 hours after being treated with i.m. procaine penicillin G is reported. Literature reports of nonallergic psychotic responses to i.m. injections of aqueous procaine penicillin G are reviewed. Possible mechanisms for the reaction are discussed. Recommended drugs for treatment of the reaction include phenobarbital and chlorpromazine. PMID- 1130416 TI - Online drug interaction surveillance. AB - An online computer-based system to monitor prospectively for potential drug interactions in a hospital setting is described. The system, developed at Stanford University Medical Center, is fully operational and is used to inform pharmacists, nurses and physicians as to the severity and speed of onset of potential drug interactions. In addition, the system can produce prescription labels and patient-drug profiles for the pharmacy and serves as a retrieval source of drug interaction information. Each report provides information regarnding the pharmacological effect and mechanism of the interactions, as well as statements involving relevant clinical findings associated with these interactions. PMID- 1130417 TI - Semiquantitative test for iodine vapor above "complexed" iodine solutions. AB - A test to determine the extent to which free iodine exists in the vapor phase above the surface of "complexed iodine" solutions is described. The procedure is based on the qualitative starch-iodine test. The results can be related to the degree of complexation occurring between the polymer used in the preparation and iodine. Four products were tested: nonylphenoxypoly ethanol-iodine complex; polyvinyl pyrrolidine-iodine complex; popoxamer-iodine complex; and nonylphenoxypoly ethanol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine complex. Free iodine in the vapor phase of the first product was detected in 90 minutes; the time for the other three was five days. For the tincture of iodine control, the time was 30 minutes. PMID- 1130418 TI - New clues for the emphysemas. PMID- 1130419 TI - The clinical spectrum of light chain myeloma. A study of 35 patients with special reference to the occurrence of amyloidosis. AB - During a 40 month interval, 35 patients were seen with a plasma cell dyscrasia in which the only detectable monoclonal immunoglobulin abnormality consisted of excess production of either type kappa or type lambda light chains (Bence Jones protein). This group constituted 17.3 per cent of the total number of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias and 25.7 per cent of the patients with myeloma identified during the same period. Variable initial clinical presentation, the absence of a typical monoclonal serum spike and the unreliability of commonly used urine protein tests made recognition of the disorder difficult in many patients. Sulfosalicylic acid and p-toluene sulfonic acid proved valuable in screening for ueine protein. Definition of "proteinuria" by quantitative, electrophoretic and immunochemical studies was essential for diagnosis. Bence Jones proteinemia was present in 80 per cent of the patients; panhypogammaglobulinemia and lytic bone lesions were demonstrable in more than 60 per cent. Although no specific morphologic abnormality of marrow plasma cells was evident by light microscopy, the absence of rouleau on peripheral blood smear was a helpful diagnostic clue. Although patients with lambda light chains presented with more Bence Jones proteinuria, this did not correlate with the severity of initial renal functional impairment or with survival when compared to patients with kappa light chains. No other clinical or laboratory observation differentiated the groups with kappa light chains from those with lambda light chains. Amyloid was identified in seven patients. Their course was dominated by the features of primary systemic amyloidosis instead of the usual findings of classic myeloma. Patients with amyloidosis had lower initial serum albumin levels, fewer lytic bone lesions and reduced survival compared to patients without amyloidosis. PMID- 1130420 TI - Central nervous system disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Therapy and prognosis. AB - The effect of corticosteroid therapy in 28 patients with 52 episodes of neuropyciatric disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was elevated. Categories of organic central nervous system disease were seizures (eight patients), organic brain syndromes (nine patients), aseptic meningitis (four patients) and a variety of focal neurologic findings (seven patinets). Fourteen pateints had 15 episodes of functional psychosis without other evidence of neurologic disease. Although there was a general correlation between clinical and serologic evidnce of active SLE and the development of organic neurolgic disease, there was no evidence that therapy with very large doses of corticosteroids was beneficial. Of the deaths in this series, two were due to probable active SLE involving the central nervous system wheras five were attributable to complications of therapy. The long-term morbidity, likewise, was high in the patients who recieved large doses of corticosteroids. In all, 12 patients had major complications of corticosteroid therapy. Functional psychosis was usually preciptated by corticsoteroid therapy and respond to a reduction in steroid dosage and administration of psychotropic drugs. PMID- 1130421 TI - Treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis of lung. AB - Thirteen patients with Wegener's granulomatosis have been treated with cytotoxic agents. Only one died from the disease whereas two died of infectious complications of therapy and one of heart disease. Seven of the nine survivors are well without medication; one is alive with renal insufficiency and one is in the 5th year of treatment. Cholorambucil was least toxic and should be tried first. Cyclophosphamide was more effective than cholorambucil or azathioprine but, because of side effects, should rarely be used initially. Differentiation of Wegener's granulomatosis from lymphomatiod granumatosis, which it resembles clinically, roentgenologically and pathologically, is important since the latter disease responds differently to cytoxic drug therapy. PMID- 1130422 TI - Surface alterations due to endotracheal intubation. AB - The varied complication of prolonged endotracheal intubation, including tracheal stenosis, stricture and tracheomalacia, are thought to be directly related to lateral tracheal wall pressure. To investigate the initiation, relevance and duration of these changes, studies were undertaken to assess the effects of intubation on the surface anatomy of the trachea by scanning electron microscopy. Tracheal mucosal morphology was studies in (1) anesthetized "normal" dogs; (2) d ogs sacrificed 2 hours after intubation with cuff deflated or inflated to the "just seal" point using a cuff system producing the lowest tracheal wall pressure; and (3) dogs intubated for 2 hours and then examined at 2 and 7 days after extubation. Intubation without cuff inflation resulted in distinct linear areas of nearly complete ciliary denudation along the tract of tubal insertion within 2 hours. Inflated cuffs produced similar but more widespread changes especially over tracheal rings, indicating that pressure in areas of least resiliency significantly contributes to these alterations. Regeneration of cilia could be seen 2 days after extubation, but many anatomic features remained distorted; at 7 days, regeneration was nearly complete, but isolated areas of denudation could still be identified. Scanning electron micrographs of human tracheas taken at autopsy from patients who had had prolonged intubation with the same cuff system correlated well with those obtained from dogs. PMID- 1130423 TI - An appraisal of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test. AB - The available literature on the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test is reviewed. The mechanism of this test is poorly understood. There are two basic methods of performing the test, namely, the stimulated and the spontaneous methods. However, the test procedure has not been standardized, and numerous modifications have ensued resulting in a number of technics. The stimulated test has proved to be valuable for screening patients or carriers with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. It is one of the useful tests in studying neutrophil dysfunction. On the other hand, extensive accumulated data indicate that this test, be it stimulted or spontaneous, cannot be relied upon as an absolute test to differentiate bacterial from nonbacterial infectious disease as there have been numerous false-positive and false-negative results. When this test is used, the result should be interpreted in the context of other laboratory test results and the clinical picture of the patient. Preliminary data indicate that in certain diseases, if the initial test is positive in a particular patient, it may be useful as one of the follow-up tests to ascertain the activity of the disease process. PMID- 1130424 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis and HL-A. A genetic disease plus? PMID- 1130425 TI - Anterior myocardial infarction patterns in the mitral valve prolapse-systolic click sydrome. AB - Two young women with the mitral valve prolapse-systolic click (MVP-SC) syndrome had electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic evidence of transmural anterior myocardial infarction in the absence of clinical and arteriographic evidence of coronary disease. PMID- 1130426 TI - Erythropoietin assay by hemagglutination-inhibition. AB - The immunochemical assay (HAI) for erythropoietin is accurate enough to detect small quantities and sensitive enough to demonstrate consistently and quantitatively the presence of erythropoietin in serum and urine. It will be the purpose of this report to describe in detail the procedure for the assay, the usefulness and value of erythropoietin testing in the clinical laboratory. The relationship of erythropoietin levels in serum and urine in the classification of diseases of the red blood cells are discussed. There is presently no other method available for the measurement of erythropoietin that permits the detection of extremely small differences, sensitive enough to demonstrate consistently and quantitatively the presence of small amounts of erythropoietin. PMID- 1130427 TI - Determination of normal values from a hospital population. AB - With multi-channel biochemical screening becoming more widely used, it is necessary that normal values be established that will pertain to the population being screened. Statistically, results derived from a sample can be applied only to the population from which the sample was drawn. Thus, normal values derived from the typical sample of "young American volunteers employed in the hospital and apparently healthy" cannot validly be applied to members of a hospital population. Logically, it would be more valid to examine the values of a large sample of patients and determine the normal values by use of statistical methods. Presented in this paper are sections of an extensive statistical study performed on a hospital population using the SMA-12/60. It is hoped that this study may serve as useful guidelines for those technologists who believe that normal values should be established for a given laboratory, method and population. PMID- 1130428 TI - An investigation of continuing education hypotheses about laboratory personnel. AB - The Kendall-Tau test with ties was utilized in testing for both level of significance and direction of relationship in hypotheses on continuing education for working laboratory personnel in the State of Iowa. Findings reported from a response group of 422 active laboratory personnel indicated that: (i) all educational levels of personnel are interested in continuing education; (ii) all laboratory personnel based on year of certification are interested in continuing education; (iii) supervisory personnel have a more marked interest in continuing education than line technologists/technicians; (iv) females are less willing to sacrifice for participation in continuing education than males; and (v) personnel in smaller hospitals have an interest in continuing education that is perhaps less than those in larger hospitals. PMID- 1130429 TI - The safe use of dimethyl sulfoxide in the laboratory. AB - Dimethyl sulfoxide is being increasingly utilized in medical laboratories and in experimental clinical situations. The drug must be considered dangerous since there has been one reported case of fatal allergic reaction and numerous reports of liver damage following exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide. Caution must be exercised in the handling of the drug as it can aid the entry of other drugs into the human body. Although dimethyl sulfoxide is not highly flammable, normal safety precautions used with any flammable solvent are the minimal requirements for safe use of this drug. PMID- 1130430 TI - Letter: McCormick micro method for osomotic fragility. PMID- 1130432 TI - Still's disease in an adult: A link between juvenile and adult rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A 52-year-old man developed rheumatoid factor negative, chronic, symmetrical polyarthritis associated with high intermittent fever and morbilliform evanescent rash at the onset. A detailed investigation and follow-up for two years failed to reveal any secondary cause. The onset and course resemble Still's disease in children. The synovial membrane histology and electron microscopy were consistent with early rheumatoid arthritis. Adult onset Still's disease reported in the literature is reviewed and compared with Still's disease in children. PMID- 1130431 TI - Primary renal candidiasis with renal granulomata and salt-losing nephropathy. AB - A patient is reported whose illness was characterized by chronic renal failure associated with persistent salt-wasting, chronic nephrolithiasis, and candiduria which was documented to be arising from the upper urinary tract. Intravenous amphotericin B was effective in eradicating candiduria. However, bilateral nephrectomy was ultimately performed which revealed extensive involvement of the renal parenchyma with classic caseating granulomas apparently related to renal candidiasis. Severe medullary erosion and tissue loss existed which appeared to result in disproportionate medullary destruction which was probably the most significant factor in explaining the patient's salt-losing state. The patient has since been satisfactorily managed with maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 1130433 TI - Relapse of staphylococcal endocarditis after clindamycin therapy. AB - A 25-year-old black female heroin addict presented with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Because of a history of penicillin allergy, therapy was gegun with cephalothin (Keflin); lack of clinical response led to the use of clindamycin. Response was excellent. After six weeks of treatment she was discharged well, only to return six days later with recurrent endocarditis. The organism, confirmed by sensitivity and phage typing, was identifcal to that causing the inital episode. This patient illustrates the apparent failure of clindamycin to eradicate a deep-seated intravascular infection with a sensitive organism. PMID- 1130434 TI - The physiologic significance of portal vs. peripheral injection of insulin in man. AB - The site and rate of entry of insulin into the body may affect its metabolic actions. This study tested for the first time in man the hypothesis that the mode of action of endogenous insulin differs from peripherally injected insulin. In 11 nondiabetic and six diabetic patients we compared the effects on peripheral glucose utilization (PGU) and degree of hypoglycemia of the following: (1) glucagon-free insulin rapidly injected and slowly infused into the portal circulation via percutaneous splenic puncture; (2) peripheral intravenous inslin; (3) peripheral intravenous sodium tolbutamide. The arteriovenous glucose difference (A-V) and (A-V)/A ratios were calculated as parameters for measuring PGU. In nondiabetics our experiments showed: (1) similar magnitudes of hypoglycemia for insulin given by both routes, and (2) a significantly smaller (A V)/A and therefore PGU, after the intraportal route, particularly after a slow infusion. Intravenous tolbutamide produced marked hypoglycemia and a small PGU comparable to that of slow intraportal infusion of insulin. In diabetics, results were similar. These findings suggest that, compared to the action of peripherally administered insulin, intraportally injected exogenous insulin or tolbutamide induced endogenous insulin has a greater hepatic and a lesser peripheral effect on glucose metabolism. PMID- 1130435 TI - The autonomous nodule of the thyroid: correlation of patient age, nodule size and functional status. AB - In light of new techniques for measuring circulating thyroid hormones and for studying the thyroid gland, we present our experience with 35 patients with solitary autonomous nodules of the thyroid to define more precisely the clinical course of patients with this disorder. The patients ranged in age from 19 to 80 years and 31 of the 35 were female. Younger patients were generally euthyroid and sought attention because of a thyroid mass; virtually all older patients were hyperthyroid. Eighteen had obvious clinical features of hyperthyroidism and 5 over age 70 had apathetic hyperthyroidism; all 5 of the elderly and 13 of the 18 under age 70 had elevated thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels. Isolated elevation of T3 and elevated basal metabolic rate were observed in 5 previously untreated clinically hyperthyroid young patients. In each of these, thyroid uptake of 131-I was not suppressible with exogenous T3 and BMR was elevated in those tested. Two elderly patients, who had previously been treated for conventional hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine, had T3 toxicosis when hypoethyroidism recurred. There was a strong positive correlation between the age of the patient, the size of the nodule and the thyroid functional state. The mean area of the nodules projected on 131-I rectilinear scan for euthyroid patients was 5.1 cm2. The mean area of the nodules in hyperthryoid subjects was significantly higher, 13.4 cm-2 in patients with T3 toxicosis and 19.3 cm-2 in subjects with conventional hyperthyroidism. Progression from a euthyroid state to hyperthyroidism was observed four patients. One of these became thyrotoxic within days after an injection of iodinated contrast medium. Spontaneous resolution of nodules occurred in two patients. PMID- 1130436 TI - Sickle cell anemia- clinical manifestations in 100 patients and review of the literature. AB - The clinical and hematological features of 100 patients with sickle cell anemia are reviewed. The heart was enlarged and a murmur was heard in nearly 80 percent of patients. Pneumonia and pulmonary infarction occurred in 43 percent and 12 percent of patients, respectively. Musculoskeletal involvement included the hand foot syndrome (15 percent), leg ulcers (55 percent), aseptic necrosis ofbone (11 percent), and osteomyelitis (4 percent). Symptoms and signs related to the gastrointestinal system included jaundice (55 percent), hepatomegaly (50 percent), splenomegaly (23 percent), hepatitis (11 percent) and gallstones (9 percent). Three patients underwent cholecystectomy and three patients had their spleens removed. Pyelonephritis occurred in 17 patients, priapism in five and hematuria in seven. Nineteen women had 39 pregnancies, of which 35 resulted in the birth of healthy infants. At least 328 painful crises occurred in 73 patients. There were also 13 hemolytic crises, eight sequestration crises, and five aplastic crises. A trail of alkali therapy in 33 crises in children failed to produce beneficial effects greater than hydration and analgesics alone as used in the control group. Laboratory findings in the 100 patients were comparable to those previously reported in the literature. The renal concentrating defect in most patients was confirmed. There were six deaths: hepatic coma secondary to post-transfusion hepatitis, thrombosis of inferior vena cava, congestive heart failure, exsanguination from erosion of the pancreaticoduodenal artery, extensive bronchopneumonia, and pulmonary infarction. PMID- 1130437 TI - The effects of self-monitoring by patients on the control of hypertension. AB - The effects of self-monitoring of blood pressure on the control of hypertension were examined in this study. Failure of patients to comply with treatment is presumably attributable in part to the fact that hypertension usually is asymptomatic until complications develop. Self-monitoring might make visible an otherwise asymptomatic condition, and thereby increase motivation. One hundred hypertensive patients beginning outpatient treatment were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Subjects were given a sphygmomanometer and instructed in its use. Both groups were given similar antihypertensive medications. After six months of treatment, mean systolic pressure was significantly lower (11.4 mm Hg, p smaller than 0.05) in the experimental than in the control subjects. However, the mean baseline systolic pressure in the control group was 3.9 mm Hg less than that of the experimental group. If this value is substracted from the difference between the last mean systolic pressures in the two groups, the 7.5 mm Hg difference is seen as a very modest effect of self monitoring. Diastolic blood pressure was insignificantly lower for experimental subjects. Compared to the potent effectiveness of drugs in reducing blood pressure, self-monitoring was of little value. PMID- 1130438 TI - Cardiac performance during pregnancy: serial evaluation using external systolic time intervals. AB - Indirect systolic time indices were used to evaluate serial changes in left ventricular function during pregnancy in 13 normal patients and five patients with compensated cardiac conditions. Changes in both groups tended to parallel each other. In both groups, serial LVET index decreased, PEP index increased, and PEP/LVET ratio increased. Q-S2 index decreased in the normal group in midpregnancy and was inconsistent in the cardiac group. In the immediate postpartum period, LVET index returned to baseline values but PEP and PEP/LVET remained increased in both groups. Results of multiple comparison tests demonstrated that the largest (or smallest) value of each systolic time interval during pregnancy was observed in either the periods of the weeks 28 to 34 or 34 to 38. No significant differences were noted in intergroup comparison between the normal and cardiac groups. These data suggest that consistent changes in cardiac function may be determined during pregnancy by the noninvasive technique of indirect systolic time interval evaluation. These changes may reflect a change in left ventricular contractility, preload or afterload. The differences may persist even in the immediate postpartum period when cardiac output and heart rate have decreased to normal, suggesting residual changes in intrinsic left ventricular function. In patients with compensated heart disease, indirect tests of left ventricular function generally reflect the changes in normal pregnant women. PMID- 1130439 TI - Antibodies to spermatozoa. V. Antibody activity in human cervical mucus. AB - Efforts were made to seek sperm antibody activity in human cervical mucus (C.M.). A procedure of extraction was developed, as well as methods for measurement of total protein and of immunoglubulin level. The antibody testing was done by the Kibrick (K-B-M) and F-D methods. In clear contrast with negative control serum and negative C.M. samples, positive activity could be found in the C.M. extracts from several infertile women. Some of these manifestations were seen as positive K-B-M agglutination, whereas some were seen either as agglutination or immobilization in the F-D test; hence, three kinds of observation can be indicative of sperm antibody in extracts of cervical mucus. PMID- 1130440 TI - Assessment of diagnostic aspiration curettage as an outpatient procedure. AB - Aspiration curettage proved acceptable to patients and medical staff when incorporated into a busy outpatient practice. The diagnostic reliability of curettings obtained was shown to be 93.5 per cent accurate. In all patients where mucus only is obtained, where symptoms persist or recur, or when aspiration curettage is too distressing, conventional curettage is mandatory. PMID- 1130441 TI - Culdoscopic ligation as an outpatient procedure. AB - The increasing demand for abortion and sexual sterilization has caused the need to perform such operations on an outpatient basis. The University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Singapore, started a prospective study of culdoscopic ligation as an outpatient procedure in November, 1972. To date, over 600 operations have been performed. Analysis of the first 405 cases showed a low complication rate of 2.4 per cent. This study showed that culdoscopic ligation performed in the hospital outpatient is safe and feasible. PMID- 1130442 TI - Observations on a model of the biology of carcinoma of the cervix: a poor fit between observation and theory. AB - The role of the mathematical model is to express the biological theory in the form of a set of numerical predictions which can be reconciled with data. We have fitted the model implicit in current theory, and the predictions from that do not fit the observed facts. Either the theory or the observed facts (or both) are wrong. If the facts are right, then our final model (Model II) points to the changes in the theoretical concept which are necessary. Increasing conversion from carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma with age must be accepted and explained. The fall in prevalence of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ before the major onset of invasive cancer must be fully appreciated and explained. The regression of carcinoma in situ to dysplasia or normal in large numbers must be accepted and explained either biologically or by error in categorization, or both. PMID- 1130443 TI - Amniotic fluid creatinine in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. AB - Amniotic fluid (AF) creatinine concentrations, determined in 353 samples from 167 pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes, are similar to those found at comparable gestation in uncomplicated pregnancy. Added maternal vascular disease significantly raises AF creatinine to such a degree that overestimation of fetal (renal) maturity is a clinical hazard if based solely on this parameter. Relative concentrations of creatinine in AF and maternal plasma (AF/MP ratio) are related to gestational age. Failure of AF creatinine to rise consistently on successive serial samples accompanies an increased risk of perinatal death in the pregnancy complicated by diabetes, four of five deaths in the present series following declines in this measurement. PMID- 1130444 TI - Reduction of cervical resistance by prostaglandin suppositories prior to dilatation for induced abortion. AB - Several recent reports citing increased rates of prematurity among women who have had induced first-trimester abortion suggest that forceful cervical dilatation may result in cervical incompetence in future pregnancy. There appear to be conflicting clinical impressions regarding the effectiveness on cervical softening and the reduction of cervical resistance produced by various prostaglandins. The development of the Electronic Force Monitor which is capable of precise measurement of the forces encountered in overcoming resistance during dilatation provided objective evidence with which to evaluate the effects of vaginally administered prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha suppositories. Suppositories were administered 3 hours prior to cervical dilatation, after which suction curettage was performed. Compared to the nonmedicated control group, patients receiving PGF2alpha suppositories exhibited greatly reduced cervical resistance, in some cases permitting direct introduction of the suction curette without need for any preliminary dilatation. Those patients receiving PGE2 suppositories showed an intermediate degree of cervical softening. PMID- 1130445 TI - A comparison of methods for collecting clean-catch urine specimens in a clinic population of obstetric patients. AB - A descriptive study comparing the use of the gram-positive skin cleansers Zephiran and hexachlorophene to Prepodyne, a gram-negative cleanser, was performed upon 1, 469 specimens from patients attending the prenatal clinic of a large university hospital. The period prevalence rate of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria in 1, 350 patients was 11.5 per cent. Group teaching compared to individualized teaching of the patients to collect their own aliquots did not appear to have a measurable effect upon the levels of bacteriuria. Significant differences were found at p equals 0.05 between all the serially sampled groups using the different cleansers. No significant difference was found between the two groups using only hexachlorophene when compared for differences between patient-collected and nurse-collected specimens; nevertheless, the patient-collected specimens had greater proportions of low bacterial counts than those collected by the nurses. This study indicates that carefully instructed patients in large clinic populations are more efficient than the nurses when they collect their own midstream specimens, using an adequate cleansing agent. An analysis of the rates disclosed that Zephiran cleansing had high contamination levels, whereas Prepodyne significantly reduced contamination of the specimens. However, the possible reduction of the rate of 10-5 specimens to 9.1 per cent in the group using Prepodyne did not rule out the possibility of reduced specificity, and the hazard of false-negative results occuring with the use of gram-negative skin cleansers requires further study. PMID- 1130446 TI - Fetal stress from methadone withdrawal. AB - A pregnant patient in the midtrimester of pregnancy was begun on a methadone detoxification program. The fetal neurobiologic response was monitored by serial amniotic fluid amines (epinephrine and norepinephrine). The detoxification program showed a marked fetal response of the adrenal gland (E) and sympathetic nervous system (NE) that was blunted when the methadone dose was increased. Detoxification during pregnancy is not recommended unless the fetus can be biochemically monitored. PMID- 1130447 TI - Fetal crown-rump length and biparietal diameter in the second trimester of pregnancy. AB - This study examines the relationships between fetal size (biparietal diameter and crown-rump length) and gestational age among subjects aborted by hypertonic saline in the second trimester of pregnancy. With a confidence of 90 per cent, biparietal diameter can be used to predict gestational age within plus or minus 2 weeks, and crown-rump length can be used to predict gestational age within plus or minus 3 weeks. PMID- 1130448 TI - Biodegradable polylactate as a steroid-releasing polymer: intrauterine administration of d-norgestrel. AB - Polylactate film containing 30 per cent or 4.5 mg. of d-norgestrel was fixed around a plain T-IUD and the device was inserted into the uterine cavity. Norgestrel was gradually released into the systemic circulation, blood levels being highest during menstruation. Plasma estradiol and progesterone determinations revealed that cyclic ovarian function was maintained during the intrauterine administration of norgestrel; however, marked local effects on the endometrium resulted. The amount of menstrual bleeding was reduced. PMID- 1130449 TI - Hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus. AB - Eight cases of hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus are presented with special considerations of diagnosis and management. Although the incidence of this condition was one in 22,000 pregnancies, it is emphasized that the combination of a mole with a fetus should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who have signs and symptoms of gestational trophoblastic disease in the presence of a fetus. Recommended treatment is immediate termination of the pregnancy. Appropriate follow-up with a sensitive and specific gonadotropin assay is required to differentiate minimal tumor activity rom normal levels of pituitary luteinizing hormone. None of the patients in this series developed maligant trophoblastic neoplasia. PMID- 1130450 TI - The effect of actinomycin D on estrogen-induced uterine blood flow. AB - The effect of actinomycin D on estrogen-induced uterine blood flow was studied in four nonpregnant, oophorectomized sheep, utilizing electromagnetic flow probes chronically implanted around the uterine arteris. Two hours after the intravenous injection of 1 mug of estradiol-17beta per kilogram of body weight, incorporation of [3H]-uridine into RNA was two- to threefold higher (2.7 plus or minus 0.4 S.E.M.) in the control horn than the uterine horn that had received an intra arterial injection of actinomycin D. Actinomycin D had no effect on the estrogen induced increase in uterine blood flow. PMID- 1130451 TI - Effects of fetal sex and weight and placental weight on maternal serum progesterone and chorionic gonadotropin concentrations. AB - A prospective study of 268 normal pregnant women at term was undertaken in which serum concentrations of progesterone (P) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were determined zero to four days before spontaneous labor. Neither HCG nor P changed significantly during these four days, although they were not measured serially in most women. There was no correlation between the HCG level and either the placental or infant weight, infant sex, or maternal serum progesterone concentration. The maternal serum P level was slightly but significantly correlated with the weight of the placenta (r equal to 0.24; p smaller than 0.001) but not with the fetal weight or infant sex. Thus, although the mass of trophoblastic tissue contributed in part to P concentration, other intracellular factors such as the cyclic adenosine monophosphate system are probably more important regulating mechanisms. PMID- 1130452 TI - Suprapubic vs. periumbilical amniocentesis. AB - Amniocentesis has assumed a major and increasing role in the proper management of highrisk pregnancies but the procedure is not without complications. This study was undertaken to compare the suprapubic with the periumblical or "small parts"approach. A total of 308 amniocenteses were included. The suprapubic method had fewer failures and fewer complications. The rate of premature rupture of the membranes was identifical with both approaches; in fact, following either type of amniocentesis, the percentage of premature ruptured membranes was no differnet from the anticipated spontaneous rate. In all cases of premature rupture of the membranes there were no cases of respiratory distress syndrome, maternal infection, or neonatal infection. PMID- 1130453 TI - Relationship between cortisol and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in human amniotic fluid. AB - Amniotic fluid was obtained from 85 women during the last trimester of gastation and analyzed for cortisol by a radioimmunoassay procedure and for lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios by a combined thin-layer chromatography densitometer scanning technique. A total of 114 samples were examined. Cortisol values ranged from 38 to 438 ng. per milliliter; L/S ratios ranged from 0.3 to 9.2. Comparison of cortisol levels with L/S ratios by multiple regression analysis gave an "r" value of 0.371. From less than 32 weeks' gestation to 41 or 42 weeks there was an increase in cortisol levels from 139 plus or minus 124 to 290 plus or minus 78 ng. per milliliter whereas the L/S ratios increased from 1.8 plus or minus 2.3 to 3.9 plus or minus 2.0. These data indicate that there is no good correlation between cortisol and L/S ratios in the samples of amniotic fluid analyzed. PMID- 1130454 TI - Discordant severe cranial defects in monozygous twins. AB - Three cases of monozygous male twins having exencephaly, anencephaly, and acephaly, with their cotwins being normal, are reported. Monozygosity of the twins was demonstrated by pathologic examination and in one case corroborated by blood group antigen testing. A constellation of abnormalities including adrenal hypoplasia in one of a pair of monozygous male twins with chorionic vascular anastomoses, together with the unusual racial background in each case, are in support of the possibility that environmental factors may play an etiologic role. PMID- 1130455 TI - Osseous manifestations of gestational rubella in young human fetuses. PMID- 1130456 TI - Effect of folic acid supplement on birth weights of infants. AB - Earlier observations from this Institute have indicated that the infants born to mothers receiving folic acid supplements in addition to iron during pregnancy were heavier than those born to mothers receiving iron alone. Since birth weights are influenced by maternal factors like height and parity, a trial was carried on in matched controls with iron and iron and folic acid during the last 12 to 16 weeks of pregnancy. Simultaneously, placental function was also assessed. The effect of the folic acid supplements was more marked on first born children. Incidence of small-for-dates births was half in the iron and folate-supplemented group as compared with the iron-supplemented group. The heights of mothers did not make any difference on the effect of folate supplement. The improvement in the birth weights seem to have been brought about by increase in placental size, cell number, and protein content in the folate supplement group. In view of multivariant deficiency and practical problems in implementing food supplement programs to expectant mothers, supplements of folate and iron to expectant mothers in large scale may bring about an improvement in the incidence of pregnancy anemia and also reduce the infant morbidity and mortality rate due to the high incidence of low-birth weight babies. PMID- 1130457 TI - Oral conception and uterine size-ultrasonic study. AB - The effect of oral contraceptives on uterine size has been examined by B-mode ultrasonography. The subjects were 39 women (mean age 21) with regular menstrual cycles. None of them had taken the pill previously. The combined pill (E-con or Neo-Primovlar) was prescribed for 21 and the progestogen-only pill (Exluton) for 18 of the participants. The uterine size was measured with the help of B scanning prior to the pill and after it was taken for three and six months. All three ultrasound examinations were carried out on the same day of the cycle plus or minus one day). No difference can be observed between the three measurements of uterine size either in the women on the combined pills or those on th progestogen-only pill (p greater than 0.05). The study will be continued. So far six women have been examined by ultrasound after having taken oral contraceptives for 12 months. Uterine size has remained unchanged in each case. PMID- 1130458 TI - Mangement of vaginal carcinoma after hysterectomy. AB - Vaginal carcinoma after hysterectomy occasionally has developed into an invasive lesion. Three cases, all treated differently, are described. The means of preventing further disease and for differently treating the vaginal lesion are discussed. Radiotherapy is recommended for invasive lesions and surgery or surveillance for noninvasive lesions. PMID- 1130459 TI - Erythrocytosis due to erythropoietin-producing uterine fibromyoma. AB - Erythrocytosis has been observed to occur infrequently in association with uterine fibromyomas. Study of this case revealed erythrocytosis prior to surgery and a remission was noted after myomectomy. Elevated erythropoietin activity in this patient's serum was demonstrated. The erythropoietin activity in the tumor tissue extract was 10 times higher than in the control tissue extract. We postulate that the tumor itself was responsible for the erythrocytosis observed. The mechanisms proposed to explain polycythemia in such a tumor were revised and our conclusion is that the tumor produced the erythropoietin autonomously and is not subjected to feedback control mechanism. PMID- 1130460 TI - The role of advocate and professional provider of cancer rehabilitation. PMID- 1130461 TI - Construction of shoulder and breast prostheses. AB - The usual surgical treatment for patients who have osteogenic sarcoma of the humerus is forequarter amputation. Hence, a prosthetic shoulder is needed in order to compensate for the resulting deformity. Occasionally, female patients must also undergo a radical mastectomy and as a result require a comination breast-shoulder prosthesis. The occupational therapy staff at M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute devised a procedure for the construction of shoulder and/or breast prostheses. Methods of fabrication and problems encountered are discussed. As medical treatments improve and survival times are lengthened, more cancer patients will require rehabilitation services. This article may provide assistance for therapists who are faced with similar problems in the rehabilitative process. PMID- 1130462 TI - The effectiveness of master's degree programs for occupational therapists. AB - Are graduates of master's degree programs in occupational therapy satisfied with the content of their programs and the results of their studies? Are these programs commensurate with the needs of the occupational therapy profession in the development of skilled practitioners, educators, administrators, and researchers. These two questions provided the framework for an investigation to determine the needs, trends, strengths, and weaknesses of graduate study in occupational therapy in the United States today. The responses of 100 occupational therapists from 12 universities, 61.4 per cent of those who received questionnaires, were tabulated and analyzed. The results presented a composite picture of master's degree programs in occupational therapy and other graduate programs such as education, vocational rehabilitation, and special education. The conclusions suggest that requirements of the master's programs encourage independent inquiry, provide for the individual's academic needs, and prepare researchers. However, the programs are only partially fulfilling the requirements of the profession for skilled practitioners and educators. PMID- 1130463 TI - Peer review & record review systems. AB - This paper describes the implementation of both peer review and record review systems as initiated at the University Hospitals of Cleveland occupational therapy department. Peer review evaluations can be used to ascertain a therapist's need for continuing education in a specific area, to evaluate and improve standards of practice, to gather statistics on professional objectives, and to develop Professional Standards Review Organization criteria. The system of peer review stimulated an improvement in documentation of services provided by occupational therapists, as well as in critical self-awareness of individual strengths and weaknesses. A separate method of record review was instituted to provide a basis for evaluating individual performance for either recognition or disciplinary purposes. Unlike peer review, record review results become incorporated into the therapist's personnel record. PMID- 1130464 TI - Oral eating device for food placement. PMID- 1130465 TI - Little finger splint. PMID- 1130466 TI - The sock aid. PMID- 1130467 TI - A shunt shield. PMID- 1130468 TI - AOTA Human Resources Project. The education study. AB - This article is the second in a series describing the American Occupational Therapy Association's Human Resources Project. The project, comprised of several interrelated studies, is aimed at identifying the supply of occupational therapists and assistants in the United States as of December 1973, and at describing the projected requirements for their services. The present report describes the initial phase of the Education Study, the objective of which is to define the total supply of occupational therapy manpower, regardless of membership status in the AOTA. PMID- 1130469 TI - Letter: Grist for the AJOT mill. PMID- 1130470 TI - Letter: I disagree. PMID- 1130472 TI - Green chemical light spectrum. PMID- 1130471 TI - Some considerations of ocular rotations. AB - Our eyes and their extraocular motility muscles are a marvelously engineered system for external data gathering. On teleological grounds alone, it would appear that ocular versions and rotations take place, in many cases, along geodesics of least energy and that paths of higher energy are only taken for reasons of binocular near vision. This paper examines ocular versions and rotations from this viewpoint and "explains" Listings' and Donders' laws and also uses a model eye to demonstrate some resulting consequences. Finally, a common misconception about eye movements is laid to rest, and a suggestion made for further laboratory corroboration. PMID- 1130473 TI - A supplementary technique for balancing refraction. AB - The customary technique for balancing the refractive (subjective) correction lenses requires the subject to compare the clarity of two images. If there is an inequality in the best acuity attainable for each eye, this technique does not give valid results. An alternate technique is described that does not depend upon maximal acuity for each eye. PMID- 1130474 TI - Comparison of soflens contact lenses (polymacon) with hard contact lenses and spectacles. AB - A study, comparing Soflens TM contact lenses (polymacon) with hard contact lenses and spectacles, and using 150 male and female patients, has been done. Volunteers qualified for the study if they had healthy eyes and had worn one type of corrective lenses for six months before they were interviewed and examined. During each patient's examination, his type of correction was not known. Such matters as visual acuity, corneal measurements and average wearing time were considered. (Soflens contact lenses were felt to be safer than hard contact lenses.) PMID- 1130475 TI - The use of television in assessing student performance of optometric procedures. PMID- 1130476 TI - Letter: bilateral monocular diplopia after near work. PMID- 1130477 TI - On the nature of accommodative micropsia. AB - Both an increase in convergence and an increase in accommodation result in a decrease in the apparent size of objects of a fixed retinal image size (micropsia). The present study demonstrates that the accommodative micropsia produced by a minus sphere lens is due to the retinal image minification introduced by the lens and to the change in convergence accompanying accommodation. The accommodative act itself apparently does not result directly in micropsia. PMID- 1130478 TI - Peripheral visual response time and retinal luminance-area relations. AB - Button pressing response time was measured in five trained subjects to the onset of small visual stimuli imaged across the horizontal retinal meridian at 10 degrees arc intervals from 90 degrees arc right to 90 degrees arc left of the line of sight. Four stimulus luminance conditions were presented at each peripheral retinal location, a low luminance condition (approx. 2.6 ft-L), a high luminance condition (arox. 22.2 ft-L), and two conditions in which luminance was varied systematically from low to moderately intense levels from one side of the visual field to the other. The two variable luminance conditions were included to see if it is possible to compensate for the progressive decrease in retinal stimulus image area caused by the apparent pupil. The results indicated that response time to stimuli imaged within approximately 70 degrees arc from the fovea does not differ significantly when all possess about the same luminance. Mean response time is significantly faster to stimuli imaged beyond about 70 degrees arc from the fovea when their luminance is increased by an amount equal to the foveal stimulus luminance multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the peripheral stimuli and the line of sight. These data are discussed in relation to previous psychophysical data and to possible response mechanisms. PMID- 1130479 TI - Predicting aniseikonia in anisometropia. AB - In estimating the amount of aniseikonia that may be present in any given case of anisometropia, it is usual to apply the "rule of thumb" approach. The "rule" states that for each diopter of anisometropia, the amount of aniseikonia to be expected is 1 1/2 to 2 percent. The rule is based upon an average value computed for theoretical amounts of aniseikonia in many possible situations that can occur, some of which have little likelihood of being found in everyday clinical practice. Applied to many cases of anisometropia that are common, the rule leads to extreme overstimates and is grossly misleading, often resulting in the mishandling of patients. In this paper, a number of typical cases are dealt with in the refutation of the use of "the rule." PMID- 1130480 TI - Corneal edema and vertical striae accompanying the wearing of hydrogel lenses. AB - Changes in corneal thickness and the ocurrence of vertical striae were monitored on 27 patients who wore both the "F" and "N" series Bausch and Lomb Soflens-TM (polymacon) contact lenses. Changes in corneal thickness were observed with both lenses; however, the "N" series lens caused slightly more corneal swelling. Vertical striae occurred in about 50% of the patients and was correlated with the development of corneal edema. In most cases where significant corneal edema was measured, it was possible to observe the edema using the biomicroscope. PMID- 1130481 TI - Effects of hyperbaric air pressure on keratometry. AB - Following reports of vision blur by scuba divers at depth below 100 feet, keratometric readings were taken on volunteers inside a hyperbaric chamber at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine. It was found that as the pressure within the chamber increased, the corneal reading showed an increased dioptric value. This change in refractive condition also occurred in measurement on test steel balls. Whether this dynamic response was due to increased atmospheric index, or displacement of instrument optics, was explored. PMID- 1130482 TI - Driving with a bioptic telescope: an interdisciplinary approach. AB - Six low vision patients were fitted with bioptic telescopes in order to obtain driver's licenses. They were given intensive coordinated training to prepare them for the complexities of driving a motor vehicle. PMID- 1130483 TI - A clinical and epidemiological evaluation of tonometry as a screening test. AB - Because of their differences in emphasis, clinical practitioners and clinical epidemiologists often employ different terms and concepts in comparing and rating health screening tests. The apparent inconsistency of a high error rate (96 to 99% over-referrals) yet good test sensitivity and specificity (40% and 95% respectively) for tonometry can be explained by a complete analysis of tonometric screening, encompassing both the clinical and epidemiological view-points. This paper reviews basic terminology, explains the clinical and epidemiological approaches, and demonstrates both of these methods of analysis in a comprehensive evaluation of tonometry using real data from recent clinical investigations. PMID- 1130484 TI - Racial differences in color vision: do they exist? AB - The present experiment investigated the possibility that variation in fundus pigmentation among individuals may be related to differential color sensitivity. Fifty black and white observers representing a wide range of skin (and fundus) pigmentation made direct heterochromatic brightness matches for a white standard field against each of five chromatic comparison fields. Results indicated that pigment (i.e., racial) differences in color vision do not exist, as measured by the two psychophysical methods used. The data showed that the heterochromatic matches were less reliable for the more saturated colors, violet and red, and also that the psychophysical methods used to obtain the matching data differentially influenced the results for the more saturated colors. PMID- 1130485 TI - Juvenile glaucoma - a case report. AB - A case report of incipient juvenile glaucoma is presented. Clinical data obtained during the optometric examination indicating possible glaucoma were confirmed by an ophthalmological evaluation. Early detection of glaucoma in the young adult may help prevent significant visual impairment and disability in his later years. Screening patients of all ages for glaucoma is recommended. PMID- 1130486 TI - A nomogram for computing BP/IOP ratios. AB - Clinical estimates of ocular blood flow, based on a comparison of systemic blood pressure and intraocular pressure, appear to be better predictors of glaucomatous visual field loss than are tonometric estimates alone. One index of ocular hemodynamic status is the blood pressure/intraocular pressure ratio (BP/IOP). A nomogram is presented to aid in calculating this index. PMID- 1130487 TI - The accommodative response in amblyopia. AB - The accommodative response of normal and amblyopic subjects was measured over a range of stimulus values from two to seven D with a laser optometer incorporating the Badal system. The stimulus and response were found to be linearly related for both normal and amblyopic eyes, but the response of the amblyopic eye to the higher values of stimulus was reduced. PMID- 1130488 TI - Pattern and depth discrimination from random dot stereograms. AB - The discrimination of depth and pattern was investigated using random dot stereograms. For all four subjects, the psychometric function for depth judgments (probability of correct response) was clearly superior to pattern judgments over a range of ten crossed or uncrossed binocular disparity values. Degrading the visual images, either monocularly or binocularly, with various convex lens power (fogging lenses) reduced both depth and pattern discrimination across all disparity values, rather than simply increasing the thresholds. The results are discussed with reference to current theories of stereopsis, and the question of the hierarchial processing of depth and pattern information is considered. PMID- 1130489 TI - Ray tracing through a toric refracting surface. AB - A procedure has been developed for tracing a ray through a toric refracting surface. The surface is defined in terms of a rectangular coordinate system. The ray is specified by the rectangular coordinates of a point through which it passes and its direction-cosines. PMID- 1130490 TI - The effect of stimulus duration and monocular viewing on the "oblique effect" in peripheral vision. AB - Luminance thresholds were obtained for narrow bars of light in vertical, horizontal and oblique orientations. From 5 degrees to 60 degrees into the periphery, a small but significant elevation in threshold was found for stimuli in oblique orientations. The monocularly obtained data replicate an earlier report using binocular presentations and a stimulus duration of 100 msec. When exposure time was 10 msec or 500 msec, this effect of orientation broke down. Theoretical implications are discussed. PMID- 1130491 TI - Hysterical amblyopia: electrodiagnostic and clinical evaluation. AB - Six hysterical amblyopes and six controls, matched for age and sex, were evaluated as to acuity, color vision, visual fields, dark adaptometry and visual evoked responses (VER). Although the hysterical amblyopes all showed reduced acuity and constricted visual fields, no statistically significant differences were found for the dark adaptation final thresholds when compared to the control group. VERs to stimuli which were varied with respect to brightness, color, frequency and pattern, did not statistically differentiate hysterical amblyopes from the control group. The results appear to indicate the intactness of the visual pathways up to and including cortical area 17 in hysterical amblyopia. PMID- 1130492 TI - Adverse effects of commonly used systemic drugs on the human eye. Part III. AB - Four tables are presented listing the adverse effects of commonly used drugs on the human eye. Both brand names and generic names of drugs are used. The optometrist using the tables can look up either the drug (to find the adverse effects) or the symptom (to find the drugs that might cause it). PMID- 1130493 TI - National health and optometry--a survey of public attitudes. AB - A stratified probability sample of the Houston, Texas population was interviewed to assess public opinion of national health care and public awareness of vision care and its role in a national health care system. Over 80% of the population surveyed are in favor of a national health care bill, with a large percentage of the population favoring inclusion of vision care. Demographic trends are reported as they relate to various questions in the survey, and comparisons are made to a similar questionnaire one year earlier. PMID- 1130494 TI - Analysis of photometric data. AB - This paper describes how information about the configuration of the cornea can be derived from the raw data obtained with telecentric photokeratometers, and how such data can be expressed and used. It also deals with the interrelations of the different ways of expressing the data. PMID- 1130495 TI - Corneal curvature and refractive error changes associated with wearing hydrogel contact lenses. AB - To determine if there are corneal curvature and refractive error changes associated with hydrogel lens wear, 27 patients wearing F series Bausch & Lomb SOFLENS-TM contact lenses were examined regularly for nine months. During the first month of lens wear, a mean corneal steepening of 0.23 DK plus or minus 0.18 and an increase in with-the-rule toricity were found, which persisted during the following eight months of wear. A mean increase in myopia of 0.35 DS plus or minus .211 DS was found after nine months of lens wear for five randomly selected patients. This amount of change was statistically significant and was highly correlated with the observed corneal steepening. Their lenses were removed after nine months of lens wear. Both corneal changes and the increase in myopia persisted during the 14 days after lens removal. If long term studies with larger samples show similar results, the effect of hydrogel lenses on corneal curvature and refractive error will have to be considered in the decision to fit this type of lens. PMID- 1130496 TI - The birefringence fallacy. AB - In recent years it has become common for the birefringence pattern of a thermally toughened glass lens to be examined, and for a judgmental opinion of the impact resistance of that lens to be based on the regularity of the observed pattern. Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the validity of this practice. Commercially available and specially-generated lenses were subjected to modified heat treatments in the laboratory. The birefringence patterns were then examined and the impact resistances determined: these were then compared with those of control groups, tested simultaneously. In these experiments there was no correlation between impact resistance and regularity of birefringence pattern. Reliance on such a correlation for assessing strength is therefore thought to be unjustified and, in some cases, even dangerous. Replication of this work by others is suggested. PMID- 1130497 TI - Validity of the laser refraction technique for determining cylindrical error. AB - Employing a laser refraction technique, spherical error was determined for each of three meridans in 50 eyes. The measurements were used to calculate spherical error and cylindrical axis and power, and the findings were compared with standard methods of measurement. Correlations between the laser and non-laser methods indicated that the laser technique is a valid method for determining spherical error. Correlations between the findings for laser and non-laser cylindrical measurements were not high enough to warrant use of this laser technique in clinical practice. Differential laser validity findings for against the-rule astigmatism are also discussed. PMID- 1130498 TI - Training a patient to drive with telescopic lenses. AB - An interdisciplinary approach to licensing partially-sighted individuals to drive is presented. The model includes the participation of optometry, special education, and the department of motor vehicles. PMID- 1130499 TI - The Myopter viewer: an instrument for treating and preventing myopia. AB - A new instrument has been developed for utilization in attempts at myopia therapy and control. The inventor discusses instrument design and treatment procedures, and suggests an explanation for the movement of juvenile eyes from hypermetropia into myopia. PMID- 1130500 TI - A protocol for hypertension screening and referral. AB - The current nationwide attack on hypertension, with its emphasis on early detection and prevention, has served to reinforce optometry's commitment to vision-related health screening and referral. The current status of this multidisciplinary program is reviewed, and the major risk factors are presented, in a hypertension screening/referral form designed to improve the screening/referral process. PMID- 1130501 TI - Development of the triadic junction in skeletal muscle fibers of fetal and postnatal rats. AB - Electron microscope examinations of the developing triadic junction in fibers from leg muscles of fetal and postnatal rats reveal a range of complexity from no structural connections across the space between apposed membranes of T and SR to all of the junctional structures visible in adult rat muscle fibers. In triads showing no connections, faintly stained projections from the apposed membranes of T and SR are seen. The simplest form of junctional structure is a series of faintly stained strands that make connections across the space between apposing membranes. Junctional structures stained more intensely show periodic bridges traversing the space plus an intermediate dense line (intermediate density) running parallel to the apposed membranes of T and SR and bisecting the space between apposed membranes. The intermediate density is continuous across the periodic bridges and interbridge spaces and it appears to be connected to the apposed membranes of T and SR. It is suggested that projections from T and SR are precursors of the connections and that the projections interact to form the intermediate density. It is also suggested that bridge and interbridge junctional structures might form compartments isolated from the sarcoplasm and thus enhance the flow of electrical current from T to apposed SR by reducing low-resistance shunting of current flow into the sarcoplasm, PMID- 1130502 TI - Electrical activity in muscle pain. AB - The concept of muscle pain-spasm-pain vicious cycle has been challenged on the basis of inability to find electrical activity in the presence of palpable changes in fibrositic muscle. We produced muscle pain in the wrist extensor and paravertebral muscle groups of seven healthy subjects by injection of hypertonic saline (0.3 ml of 6% NaCl solution). The time course of the integrated muscle action potentials, roughly paralleled the time course of the developed pain in all but one subject for each muscle group. EMG recordings were made on one subject using both surface electrodes with amplifier sensitivity of 10 muV/cm and needle electrodes with an amplifier sensitivity of 100 muV/cm. Sequential recording showed clear evidence of electrical activity from the surface electrode and high sensitivity whereas the combination of the needle electrode with lower sensitivity showed no electrical activity whatever. We conclude that even mild muscle spasm is accompanied by muscular hyperactivity which can be evaluated by appropriate EMG techniques. There appears to be no reason to challenge the widely accepted concept of pain-spasm-pain as stated by Travell, Rinzler and Herman. PMID- 1130503 TI - Excretion of Na and H2 O and hypertension after adrenal enucleation or compression. AB - An attempt was made to analyze the participation of the several independent variables that must contribute to the reproted inability of large male adrenal enucleate rats withintact kidneys to normally excrete sodium following a light oral sodium load. This was prompted by a desire to understand whether the phenomenon was improtant to development of adrenal-regeneration hypertension (ARH). The results indicated that sdoium retention required the presence of both kidneys as it was not evident in unilaterally nephrectomized rats. The failure of ARH to develop in rats having both kidneys argues against a cause-and-effect relationship between the two phenomena. Sex does not appear to be important to sodium retention. Various fasting periods were employed, but with none of them did rats with a single kidney exhibit sodium retention. Since the conditions necessary to elicit imparied sodium excretion are incompatible with the induction of ARH and those essential to development of ARH prevent significant sodium retention, the two must be considered as independent manifestations of distrubed glandular function. PMID- 1130504 TI - Absorption of trace metals in the zinc-deficient rat. AB - The effects of zinc deficiency on the whole-body absorption and intestinal content of Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr were determined in the rat 1 h after oral administration of the isotopes. Both the absorption and intestinal content of Zn and Cr were increased in zinc-deficient rats, and the intestinal content of Feand Co was also increased in the zinc-deficient animals. Zinc administered orally with Cr decreased both absorption and intestinal content of the isotope in zinc-deficient rats. Chromium administered orally with Zn decreased intestinal content and absorption of Zn in zinc-deficient rats. Fractionation of mucosal supernatants by gel filtration showed that both zinc and chromium eluted in the same low molecular weight fraction. The elution patterns of zinc and cadmium from that of zinc-supplemented animals. These experiments provide some insight into the specificity of the zinc absorption pathway and present some explanations for the interaction or lack of interaction among trace elements. PMID- 1130505 TI - Temperature responses of lambs after centrally injected prostaglandins and pyrogens. AB - It has been proposed that pyrogens may produce their febrile response by the release of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus. To test this theory, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was injected into a lateral ventricle in dosages of 2-200 ug into conscious newborn lambs, ages 4-168 h. Fiifteen of 40 injections were followed by rises in rectal temperature but the remainder were followed either by no change or by falls. Temperature responses did not appear to be related to age and a variation in responses to the same dosage of PGE was often observed. Some lambs were able to develop fevers in response to intravenous bacterial pyrogen yet did not develop fever after intraventricular PGE 1. Intraventricular bacterial pyrogen (3 ng) produced no change in body temperature, whereas three of four injections of 300 ng pyrogen caused fever. The results suggest that the newborn lamb may be able to develop a fever independently of the central involvement of PGE1. Alternatively, the intraventricular approach may not be useful for the study of the central control of body temperature in the newborn lamb. PMID- 1130506 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism and its response to catecholamines as modified in alkalotic rat. AB - Metabolic activities and their responses to catecholamines were studied in fasted rats exposed to simulated altitudes. Analysis of hepatic levels of gluconeogenic intermediates revealed the inhibition of gluconeogenesis between glyceric acid 3 P and fructose 6-P associated with a rise of the ratios of redox pairs such as lactate to pyruvate in livers of alkalotic rats. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis was indicated also by the suppressed incorporation of glutamate 14C into blood glucose. Since no activation was detected on glycolytic pathway of skeletal muscles, marked hyperlactacidemia during alkalosis appeared to result from the suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Most of metabolic actions of epinephrine and isoproterenal known to be mediated via the beta receptor were significantly reduced but not completely abolished during alkalosis. Exceptionally, hyperinsulinemia induced by isoproterenol was completely reversed and replaced by hypoinsulinemia during alkalosis. Despite hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia induced by glucose load decreased more rapidly in alkalotic than in normal rats. In view of the fact that the adrenergic alpha receptor is involved in theinhibition of insulin secretion, the observed irregular modifications of catecholamine actions could be explained on the basis of a postulate that the adrenergic alpha-receptor functions are potentiated in alkalosis. PMID- 1130507 TI - Local specialization at ileocecal junction of the cat and opossum. AB - In 10 cats and 10 opossums, serial transverse strips of muscularis propria 2 mm wide, from about 1.5 cm above to about 1.5 cm below the ileocecal mucosal junction, were separately stretched to discover the relationship between length and tension and were separately subjected to electrical field stimulation. In both species, ileal strips showed stimulus relaxations, sometimes accompanied by contractions after the stimulus trains (off responses), whereas colonic strips generally did not. These responses were abolished by tetrodotoxin, 3 times 10-7 M in the opossum, 3 times 10-6 M in the cat. Length-tension slopes were greatest just above the ileocecal junction where stimulus relaxation occurred. Tetrodotoxin at 3 times 10-7 M raised basal tension in ileal strips in both species and in colonic strips only in the cat. Muscle of the ileocecal junction resembles that of the esophagogastric and gastroduodenal junctions in showing a relatively high degree of resistance to stretch and prominent neurogenic stimulus relaxation. However, the ileocecal junction, in contrast, also possesses a tonic inhibitory innervation. PMID- 1130508 TI - Changes in vascular ionic content and distribution across aortic coarctation in the dog. AB - Eight dogs were subjected to 80-90 percent coarctation of thoracic aorta, which produced a mean blood pressure gradient of 40 mmHg; six normal dogs were used as controls. Proximal aorta was compared with distal aorta, and carotid and femoral arteries removed after coarctation were compared against the contralateral vessels removed before coarctation. After 4 wk of coarctation, proximal aorta contained more total and intracellular Na (derived from 24Na fluxes and space measurements), more Mg, Cl, hydrolyzable SO4 equals to, and H2O than distal aorta. Hydrolyzable SO4 equals to was also higher in proximal than in distal noncoarcted aorta. Carotid arteries removed after coarctation had higher total and "noninulin" Na, higher Ca, and similar hydrolyzable SO4equals to and total hexosamine than the contralateral normal vessels. Aortic coarctation had no effect on ionic composition of femoral arteries. The data suggest that an increase in intravascular pressure has direct effects on vascular ionic composition. Although ionic changes may vary in different vessels, increased intracellular Na seems to be the most consistent finding. PMID- 1130509 TI - Respiratory fluctuations in pupil size. AB - Regular fluctuations in pupil size of the cat were measured and the properties, nervous pathways, and origin of these oscillations were investigated. The rhythm of pupil movements under control conditions appeared to be either locked to the central respiratory cycle or to the artificial ventilatory cycle. These movements were only seen in lightly anesthetized or tranquilized cats, but not in alert or deeply anesthetized cats (ether, halothane or pentobarbital). The fluctuations proved to be independent of sympathetic innervation but related to variations in parasympathetic outflow. At least two sources for pupil oscillations appeared to be involved: central respiratory activity and respiratory blood pressure fluctuations that modulated pupil width via sinoaortic baroreceptors. Lung movements per se, as a third possible factor, did not modulate pupil width, whereas electrical stimulation of the afferent lung vagi did; therefore the role of this mechanical factor is not clear. A review of the pertinent literature shows that in the organism there are many phenomena exhibiting respiratory oscillations. It seems likely that these oscillations have the same origin as the respiratory pupil fluctuations. PMID- 1130510 TI - Passage of glucose through the cell membrane of capillary endothelium. AB - The mechanisms of glucose passage through the cell membrane of vascular endothelium were studied in vitro with a preparation of pure blood capillaries isolated from the rete mirabile of the eel swimbladder. In countertransport experiments, no competition for a common carrier could be detected between D glucose and 3-O-methylglucose or between D-glucose and L-glucose. In the endothelial cells, inward and outward fluxes of labeled sugars were not changed when studied against concentration gradients of corresponding unlabeled sugars. The distribution of 3-O-methylglucose-14C and L-glucose-14C at equilibrium between intracellular and extracellular water was not modified by reducing their specific activity in the medium over a wide range. The addition to the medium of phlorizin 10-5 or 10-7 M, 3-O-methylglucose 60 mM, or L-glucose 60 mM did not reduce the rate of glucose utilization by the capillary tissue. The temperature coefficient for glucose uptake between 27 and 37 degrees C averaged 1.4. Insulin had no effect on the initial rate of 3-O-methylglucose-14C entry into cellular water. It is concluded that in the eel capillaries the mechanism of glucose passage into the vascular endothelial cell is compatible with the kinetics of free diffusion. PMID- 1130511 TI - Kaluresis and diuresis after administration of antidiuretic hormone to hyperkalemic dogs. AB - Dogs infused with 2 meq KCl/kg per h exhibit electrocardiographic evidence of prelethal cardiotoxicity in about 3 h when serum potassium reaches a level between 10.2-10.5 meq/liter. During this time, their urine output of 30 ml/h is equal to the volume of KCl infused. Studies of the potassium distribution in these animals indicate that 20 percent of the infused ion is added to the extracellular fluid and red blood cell mass, 20 percent is excreted in the urine, while the remaining 60 percent is unaccounted for and presumably transferred to intracellular fluid. Dogs treated with moderately large doses of antidiuretic hormone intramuscularly before and during KCl infusion delay development of prelethal cardiotoxicity for about 5 h, with serum potassium levels comparable to those of untreated dogs. In addition, treated animals display a considerable diuresis and kaluresis with urine volumes nearly 4 times that of the volume infused. The potassium ion distribution in animals given antidiuretic hormone is much different from that of untreated dogs, with 55 percent of the infused ion found in the urine, about 15 percent in extracellular fluid and red blood cell mass, and only 30 percent presumably transferred to intracellular fluid. Transfer of potassium to intracellular fluid was calculated to be 3.1 plus or minus 0.7 meq/kg in antidiuretic-hormone-treated animals and 3.8 plus or minus 0.7 meq/kg in untreated (control) animals. Since these values are, within experimental error, quite comparable, it is possible that antidiuretic-hormone-induced kaluresis and diuresis are involved in protecting some animals from the effects of hyperkalemia by delaying the attainment of cardiotoxic blood levels. PMID- 1130512 TI - Valinomycin shortening of action potential of embryonic chick hearts. AB - The effects of valinomycin, an agent known to increase the K+ conductance (gK) of lipid bilayer membranes and to be an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, were examined on young (3 days old) and old (15-19 days old) embryonic chick hearts. In the old hearts, valinomycin produced pronounced shortening of the action potential plateau, and often only the spike component remained. The rate of rise of the action potential was usually not affected (slightly diminished sometimes). Addition of dimethylsulfoxide (2 percent), the vehicle for the valinomycin, did not cause shortening of the plateau. The diminution of the plateau by valinomycin at 1 mug/ml was usually obtained after incubation for 1 h; larger doses produced prominent effects within 15 min. The threshold concentration was about 0.1 mug/ml. Cooling, isoproterenol, Ba++, Sr++, and tetraethylammonium partially relengthened the plateau shortened by valinomycin. Lowering of external K+ also lengthened the plateau slightly in the presence of valinomycin. Young embryonic hearts were more resistant to valinomycin, and it was necessary to incubate with 20-40 mug/ml for 1-2 h to produce a significant diminution in plateau. In both young and old hearts, the resting potential was not increased by valinomycin, even though young hearts have a low resting potential (similar to minus 40 mV) mainly because of a low gK. These results suggest that the kinetics of the changes in gK during the action potential plateau may be more greatly affected by valinomycin than the steady-state gK of the resting membrane. In addition to such a direct effect on the sarcolemma, valinomycin could also exert an indirect effect by blocking the slow inward current through ATP depletion. PMID- 1130513 TI - Phosphorylated beta-guanidinopropionate as a substitute for phosphocreatine in rat muscle. AB - To evaluate phosphorylated beta-guanidinopropionate (beta-GPAP) as a substitute for phosphocreatine (PC), hypoxic tibialis anterior muscles were stimulated to contract isometrically in situ until twitch tension fell to 25 percent of the peak value. Muscles from rats fed beta-guanidinopropionic acid (beta-GPA) failed to exhibit the staircase phenomenon, and they developed 28 percent less tension than control muscles. In control muscles lactate increased from 0.75 to 20.99, ADP increased from 0.89 to 1.20, ATP decreased from 5.09 to 2.73, and PC decreased from 15.78 to 1.52 mumol/g. In muscles from rats fed beta-GPA, lactate increased from 0.85 to 14.31, ADP increased from 0.86 to 1.05, ATP decreased from 2.69 to 1.71, PC decreased from 0.73 to 0.30, and beta-GPAP decreased from 30.34 to 19.45 mumol/g. From these measurements, the use of high-energy phosphate was calculated to be reduced 32 percent in muscles from rats fed beta-GPA. The relationships between the use of high-energy phosphate was calculated to be reduced 32 percent in muscles from rats fed beta-GPA. The relationships between the use of high-energy phosphate and tension development confirm experimentally the ability of beta-GPAP to substitute for PC as a source of energy to sustain muscle contraction. PMID- 1130514 TI - Inhibition of renal vasoconstriction by elevated ureteral pressure. AB - These experiments were prompted by the observation that elevated ureteral pressure inhibited renal vasoconstrictions elicited by electrical stimulation of "defense regions" of the central nervous system (DNS) in cats. Experiments were designed to detect the relative contributions to this inhibition of CNS reflexes and interactions between autoregulatory and neural controls of the renal circulation. Cats were anesthetized with either chloralose or pentobarbital. Renal blood flow was measured electromagnetically. Elevated ureteral pressure lowered prestimulus renal vascular resistance. Renal vasoconstrictions elicited by electrical stimulation of the CNS or the peripheral renal nerves and by infusion of catecholamines into the renal artery were equally inhibited by elevated ureteral pressure. Equal inhibition of CNS and renal nerve-evoked vasoconstrictions suggested that a reflex was not involved. Equal inhibition of vasoconstrictions elicited by renal nerve stimulation and by catecholamine infusions suggested that elevated ureteral pressure acted primarily at a postsynaptic site. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin diminished, but did not abolish, the ureteral pressure-induced inhibition of neurogenic vasoconstrictions. PMID- 1130515 TI - Distribution of H+ and HCO3 minus between CSF and blood during metabolic alkalosis in dogs. AB - In anesthetized, paralyzed dogs ventilated to maintain a normal PaCO2, metabolic alkalosis was induced and held constant over 6 h by infusion of sodium bicarbonate. Determination of pH, PCO2, (HCO3 minus), and (lactate) in cisternal and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in arterial plasma together with measurement of the CSF/plasma DC potential differences permitted calculation of the electrochemical potential difference (mu) for H+ and HCO3 minus; measurements were made prior to induction of metabolic alkalosis at pHa equal to 7.40, as soon after induction as stable arterial values were achieved and 3, 4.5, and 6 h thereafter. A steady state for ion distribution was reached by 4.5 h. Values of mu for H+ and HCO3 minus returned to +0.1 and +0.9 mV of control at 6 h for cisternal CSF and +0.6 and minus 0.4 mV for lumbar CSF. This return of muH+ and muHCO3 minus close to control in the steady state is compatible with passive distribution of these ions between brain extracellular fluid and blood. PMID- 1130516 TI - Liver uptake of amino acids and carbohydrates during a single circulatory passage. AB - The uptake of 14C-labeled amino acids and carbohydrates by liver following rapid injection into the portal vein was measured relative to a simultaneously injected highly diffusible reference, tritium-labeled water, (3HOH). A 0.25-ml bolus of buffered Ringer solution containing 1-2 muCi of the 14C-labeled test substance and 3-6 muCi of 3HOH was administered by rabid portal injection in anesthetized rats. Circulation was terminated after a single passage of the bolus through the hepatic microvasculature and the tissue was immediately macerated, solubilized, and subjected to liquid scintillation counting. Liver uptake indices (LUI) were calculated from the ratio of 14C to 3H in liver tissue relative to the same ratio in the injection mixture. LUI's of five carbohydrates were measured: sucrose (24.3 percent), inulin (27.7 percent), D-mannitol (80.2 percent), D-glucose (96.8 percent) and L-glucose (26.7 percent). The LUI for cholic acid was 127.1 percent. Among 18 amino acids tested, the LUI's were the highest for the acidic ones (L aspartic acid, 100.0 percent and L-glutamic acid, 86.4 percent) and lowest for the basic ones (L-arginine, 37.4 percent and L-lysine, 31.4 percent). Stereospecificity for glucose and alanine uptake, saturation kinetics for glutamic acid (Km equal to 4.8 mM) and aspartic acid (Km equal to 2.7 mM), and cross-inhibition among uptake of the acidic amino acids were observed. These findings confirmed the applicability of a technique which was originally developed for studies of amino acid uptake in brain to characterization of transport systems in liver. PMID- 1130517 TI - Effect of extragastric and truncal vagotomy on pancreatic secretion in the dog. AB - In four dogs with chronic pancreatic and gastric fistulas, dose-response studies of pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion were done with intravenous infusions of secretin, octapeptide of cholecystokinin (OP-CCK), and 2 deoxyglucose (2-DG). The pancreatic response to a meal and to duodenal perfusion of graded concentrations of HCl, sodium oleate, and tryptophan were also studied. These observations were repeated after division of both the hepatic and celiac vagal branches to produce extragastric vagotomy, and subsequently after transthoracic truncal vagotomy. The responses to secretin, OP-CCK, and to duodenal perfusion of HCl were either unaltered or only slightly decreased by either extragastric or truncal vagotomy. Basal pancreatic secretion and the responses to duodenal perfusion of oleate and tryptophan were markedly depressed by extragastric vagotomy. These findings indicate that tonic vagal activity contributes to basal pancreatic secretion but has little effect on the response of the pancreas to secretin or CCK or on the release of secretin from the intestine. The decreased pancreatic response to intestinally perfused oleate and tryptophan seen after extragastric vagotomy could be caused either by interruption of reflex paths between gut and pancreas or by interference with CCK release. Extragastric vagotomy reduced pancreatic responses to a meal and to 2-DG and subsequent truncal vagotomy caused still further reduction, possibly, at least in part, by depressing release of antral gastrin. PMID- 1130518 TI - Alterations in hepatic chromatin template availability during infection. AB - Hepatic chromatin was isolated from rats at various times after inoculation with either live or heat-killed bacteria. The chromatin was assayed under conditions that allow determination of the DNA template available to support in vitro transcription. Both a fulminant Diplococcus pneumoniae and a milder Salmonella typhimurium infection produced time-related increases in hepatic chromatin template availability when compared to chromatin isolated from rats inoculated with heat-killed bacteria. Both timing and magnitude of increased template availability correlated with the severity of the infection. The earliest change observed was a 50 percent rise in availability noted 4 h after inoculation with D. pneumoniae. This preceded the onset of fever, as well as other known heaptic consequences of systemic infection. After 24 h of infection the maximum rise of 90 percent occurred. Similar changes developed during S. typhimurium infection, but were slower in onset and smaller in magnitude. Adrenalectomy prior to infection enhanced the severity of the disease but markedly blunted the increase in template availability. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that systemic infection regulates the hepatic metabolic response to infection through transcriptional control and that a permissive or stimulatory action of glucocorticoids is involved in the increases in template availability effected. PMID- 1130519 TI - Kinetics of Na+ uptake and transcellular transit by the pancreas. AB - 22Na uptake into strips of rabbit pancreas was measured for up to 10 min. The uptake curve was characterized by the presence of two plateaus separated by an inflexion point; a first "plateau" or an approximation of steady-state uptake was observed between 1 and 3 min; betwen 3 and 4 min the slope of the uptake curve increased again, finally decreasing to a new and higher steady-state uptake between 4 and 6 min. The data suggest that the first part of the uptake curve (from 0 to 3 min) represents uptake into most if not all cells, and the second part (from 3 to 10 min) represents the sum of "quasi" steady-state cellular uptake and of the equilibration of the ductal compartment in series with the cells. In this model a substantial delay (2.5-3.25 min) elapses between the filling of cellular and ductal compartments which is apparently of intracellular origin, implying restricted Na+ diffusion within the cytoplasm and an intracellular Na+ gradient. If this model is correct, then the mean transit time for Na+ across the whole organ should be approximately 3-4 min and be primarily the result of transcellular transit. The mean transit time for Na+ across the whole organ in vitro was measured and found to be 3.5 min on the average. The step that accounts for most of this time appears to be the transepithelial transit of Na+. PMID- 1130520 TI - Hypothalamic stimulation induces acid secretion, hypoglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. AB - Electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus brought about an increase in plasma insulin accompanied by a fall in blood glucose. If glucose fell below 55 mg/100 ml, gastric secretion of HCl ensued. The same relationship between acid secretion and glucose was observed when hypoglycemia was induced by intravenous injection of insulin. Stimulation outside the posterior hypothalamus did not give either a fall in glucose or an increase in gastric acid secretion. It is concluded that posterior hypothalamic stimulation causes gastric acid secretion by inducing insulin release and a consequent hypoglycemia. PMID- 1130521 TI - Cyclic changes in ionic composition of digesta in the equine intestinal tract. AB - Effects of diet and time after feeding on osmolality and inorganic ion content of gastrointestinal digesta were studied in 24 ponies. Animals, fed either a conventional or a low-protein, high-cellulose diet, were sacrificed 2, 4, 8, or 12 h after a meal. Animals fed the conventional diet showed cyclic variations in the ionic composition and osmolality of digesta with time after feeding. The most marked variations were seen in the contents of the stomach and small colon. However, results also indicated a cyclic appearance and disappearance of Na in large intestinal contents that correlated with net appearance and disappearance of volatile fatty acid (VFA) and H2O. Since Na and VFA were the major solutes absorbed from the cecum and colon, the ionic composition and water content of large intestinal digesta appeared largely dependent on the rate of microbial digestion. Although the large intestine of animals fed the experimental diet contained approximately twice the quanity of Na, K, Cl, VFA, and H2O, COMPENSATORY ABSORPTION BY THE MOre distal segments of colon resulted in little additional loss of these in the feces. PMID- 1130522 TI - Dynamic analysis of gravimetric response of isolated dog hindlimb. AB - Previous gravimetric studies of transcapillary fluid movement have been based on capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) estimates. In these studies only a single CFC value is estimated for the entire isolated vascular bed. We have analyzed the dynamic gravimetric responses of isolated dog hindlimb to venous pressure steps and found it possible to estimate two different CFC values. Under control conditions, one CFC value averaged .0049 ml/mmHg min per 100g tissue wt, whichagrees with results of previous investigators. The other CFC value averaged 90304, which is very close to estimates we have previously made by an independent frequency-response methods. Changes in hindlimb properties to intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine, papaverine, isoproterenol, and norepinephrine were also studied. Drug infusion results and the presence of similar dynamic components in experiments on gracilis muscle support the existence of inhomogeneous pathwaysin tissue, which lead to fluid-exchange nonuniformity. PMID- 1130523 TI - Effects of flow rate and potassium intake on distal tubular potassium transfer. AB - Potassium transport was studied across proximal and distal tubular epithelium in rats on a normal, low- and high-potassium intake during progressive loading with isotonic saline (150 mM) or a moderately hypersomotic urea (200 mM) sodium chloride (100 mM) solution. Free-flow micropuncture and recollection techniques were used during the development of diruesis and tubular fluid (TF) analyzed for inulin-14C, potassium (K) and sodium (Na). Tubular puncture sites were localized by neoprene filling and microdissection. During the large increase in tubular flow rates (10 times): 1) fractional potassium reabsorption fell along the proximal tubule, 2) TFk along the distal tubule remained constant and independent of flow rate in control and high-k rats; thus, net potassium secretion increased in proportion to and was limited by flow rate. 3) In low-K rats TF k fell; with increasing flow rates distal K secretion was not effectively stimulated. 4) Distal tubular sodium reabsorption increased in all animals with flow rate, but tubular Na-K exchange ratios varied greatly. It is suggested that whenever sodium delivery stimulates distal tubular potassium secretion it does so by 1) increasing volume distal tubular potasssium secretion and by 2) augmenting the transepithelial electrical potential difference (lumen negative). PMID- 1130524 TI - Effects of graded solute diuresis on renal tubular sodium transport in the rat. AB - Sodium transport was studied across proximal and distal tubules of rats undergoing progressive intravenous loading with either isomotic saline or urea (200 mosmol)-saline (100 mosmol) solutions. Free-flow as well as recollection micropuncture techniques were used, and tubular fluid (TF) samples were analyzed for inulin-14C and sodium (Na). With administration of progressively larger intravenous saline loads, the delivery of fluid and sodium into the distal tubule rose. Concomitantly, the normally observed decline of tubular sodium concentrations along the distal tubule became attenuated until it was abolished at the highest infusion rates of saline solutions. Absolute reabsorption rates of Na across the distal tubule increased in proportion to tubular flow rate, and no tubular maximum (Tm) was observed. It is suggested that the delivery of increased amounts of sodium to the normally unsaturated later parts of the distal tubule and the elevated tubular sodium concentration after saline loading account for the observed stimulation of distal tubular net sodium transport. The extent of transport stimulation is also subject to control by the amount of urea accumulation along the distal tubule. As the latter declines, sodium reabsorption is proportionately enhanced. PMID- 1130525 TI - Renal glutaminases: Diamox inhibition of glutamyltransferase. AB - Ammonia (NH3) production by the rat kidney was studied after an acute administration of acetazolamide (Diamox). Diamox reduced renal ammonia release (renal vein NH3 + urine NH3 - arterial NH3) 60 PERCENT IN The intact functioning kidney. Ammonia production by whole-kidney homogenates was decreased by Diamox, confirming the drug's action as inhibiting glutaminase activity. Additional studies demonstrated the inhibited glutaminase was localized in the cytoplasm; the glutaminase activity of the mitochondrial fraction was unaffected by Diamox. Isolated perfused kidneys from Diamox-treated rats confirmed that the drug reduced ammonia production by inhibiting glutamyltransferase; in addition, inhibition was shown to be of a competitive nature. We therefore conclude that cytoplasmic glutamyltransferase is the major producer of ammonia in the nonacidotic rat kidney and that it is competitively inhibited by Diamox. PMID- 1130526 TI - Hemodynimic effects of systemic and central administration of clonidine in the monkey. AB - Systemic and regional hemodynamic changes were measured in restrained, conscious rhesus monkeys with indwelling arterial and venous catheters before and after clonidine (5 and 15 mug/kg) was slowly infused intravenously or smaller doses (2 mug/kg) were injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle. Dye-dilution cardiac outputs and the complete distribution of cardiac output were obtained intermittently with the use of the radioactive microsphere method. After the higher intravenous dose and the intraventricular injection, systemic arterial pressure was significantly lowered for 30-45 min. Both of these groups had similar changes in the redistribution of cardiac output and blood flow that outlasted the hypotensive period. Blood flow was maintained or increased in the hepatic and renal arteries at the expense of skin; flow to skeletal muscle and brain also decreased during the first hour. These data support previous studies that indicate that the primary action of clonidine is in the central nervous system and, in addition, add new information about the regional blood flow changes evoked by clonidine. PMID- 1130528 TI - Free-feeding patterns of rats: effects of pyrogen and dietary protein content. AB - Infusion of bacterial pyrogen (Priomen) was accompanied by an increase in body temperature, an increase in heat production, and a decrease in the voluntary food intake ofrats fed high-as well as low-protein diets. The magnitude of this pyrogen-induced depression of food intake was comparable for both diets. However, in rats fed high-protein diets, this decrease was additive to that normally seen following administration of such diets. These data indicate that the control of food intake cannot be explained in terms of a behavioral the more regulatory response. PMID- 1130527 TI - Defective gastrointestinal recovery after irradiation in W/Wv mice. AB - W/Wv mice are white, sterile, and have macrocytic anemia, all due to defective function of pertinent stem cell compartments. Sterility and coat color reflect stem cell failure during embryogenesis, while anemia results from a defective hematopoietic stem cell system which is active throughout life. Studies of radiation damage and recovery were undertaken to determine if the stem cell compartment of the intestinal mucosa, also active throughout life, is likewise affected. W/Wv mice "cured" of their hematopoietic defect, and normal littermates were exposed to 1,250 rads of whole-body irradiation. Mean survival time of controls was 8.4 plus or minus 0.31 days compared to only 5.85 plus or minus 0.18 days (P = LESS THAN0.001) FOR W/Wv. Incorporation of 3HTdR into mucosal cells of controls was minimum 2 days after exposure and exceeded nonirradiated levels by day 3, W/Wv values were lower than controls on days 2-4 and never significantly exceeded nonirradiated values. Changes in gut weight followed the same pattern. These studies suggest that the W/Wv defect involves stem cells of the gut and that the defect is a failure to proliferate and/or differentiate. PMID- 1130529 TI - Kinetics of renin-antirenin reaction: micromethods for the assay of renin and antirenin. AB - Indirect micromethods were designed for the assay of human renin (lower limit 0.25 times 10-4 U and of antirenin to human renin (lower limit 3 times 10-4 U), with the rat used for the bioassay of the angiotensin produced by the action of renin on renin substrate. This made possible the assay of unusually small amounts (0.01 mu1) of serum for antirenin. The Michaelis-Menten concept of a dissociating complex can be applied to the antireninrenin reaction: the rate constants for the formation and for the breakdown of the complex were k1 equal to 1.65 (ml/U antirenin per min) and k3 equal to 1.97 times 10-3 (U inactivated renin/U antirenin per min), respectively; the apparent Michaelis constant was 12 times 10 4 (U renin/ml). A second method of analysis was also applied by assuming the formation of a rather tight complex, with antirenin functioning as an irreversible inactivator of renin. Both methods of analysis yielded practically the same rate constant (k1 equal to 1.65 and k1 equal to 1.71), but the treatment according to the Michaelis-Menten equation affords a slightly better fit of the experimental data (accuracy equal to plus or minus 15.5 percent) than the second method of calculation (accuracy equal to plus or minus 21.6 percent). PMID- 1130530 TI - Release of antirenin to human renin by anaphylactic shock or by antihypertensive agents. AB - In dogs that have had repeated intravascular injections of small doses of human renin, even for long periods, the development of antirenin to human renin in the blood has not been previously noted, and their pressor response (30 mmHg) to 1 U of human renin has remained unchanged for years. In such dogs, however, a profound, abrupt fall of the systemic blood pressure, due to an anaphylactic reaction to human renin, or to the infusion of depressor agents, such as Arfonad, histamine, or diazoxide, resulted in the appearance in the blood of an inhibitor specific for human renin. This inhibitor was suddenly released into the blood stream from the tissues in which it presumably had been stored, and it persisted, in a relatively high concentration, in some animals for months. It did not occur in dogs that had not previously received many injections of human renin. This study has shown that the inhibitor has all of the properties of antirenin to human renin. It abolished the pressor response to hog, dog, and rat renin or to angiotensin and norepinephrine. It inactivated human renin, but not dog renin, duringits incubation with renin substrate to form angiotensin. PMID- 1130531 TI - Adrenergic mechanisms in cerebral circulation of the goat. AB - The effects of electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerves and tyramine on cerebral blood flow (CBF) were investigated in 13 unanesthetized goats in which electromagnetic flow probes had been previously implanted on the internal maxillary artery. Nerve stimulation (1.5-12 cycles/s) produced frequency dependent reductions in CBF, a decrease of 50 percent occurring with the highest frequency. Injections of tyramine (50-500 mug) into the internal maxillary artery produced dose-dependent reductions in CBF, a decrease of 36 percent occurring with the highest dose. Both reserpine and phentolamine diminished the vasoconstriction induced by nerve stimulation and tyramine. Cocaine partially abolished the effects of tyramine and did not alter those of nerve stimulation. In addition, phentolamine produced cerebral vasodilatation, which was greatly reduced by previous treatment with reserpine. These results show that sympathetic stimulation and tyramine produce cerebral vasoconstriction by the release of the transmitter from the perivascular nerve endings, and they suggest the presence of a tonic sympathetic activity in the cerebral vessels. PMID- 1130532 TI - Polyuria and imparied ADH release following medial preoptic lesioning in the rat. AB - Studies were carried out in the rat to detemine if hypothalamic lesions which caused polydipsia and polyuria had their effect mediated through an alteration of the ability of the neurohypophyseal system to release ADH. Rats with medial preoptic lesions hadincreased water intake while on ad libitum access to water and slightly impaired ability to conserve water following dehydration, but with no impairment of urine-concentrating ability. These were associated with an increase in plasma osmolality both during ad libitum fluid intake and after dehydration. Urinary ADH excretion was at leastas great as in shamoperated controls during ad libitum water intake, but failed to increase during dehydration in spite of a marked increase in plasma osmolality. Pituitary ADH content did not differ from control animals either during ad libitum water intake of after dehydration. Animals with lesions in the lateral preoptic and septal areas did not differ from control animals during ad libitum fluid intake and after dehydration even though lateral preoptic lesions produced polydipsia. In all animals, lesions were remote from the supraoptic nuclei, which showed no histological evidence of damage. It is concluded thatareas of the central nervous system away from the supraoptic nuclei are involved in the regulation of both water intake and ADH release. PMID- 1130533 TI - Depression of pulmonary 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by metabolic inhibitors. AB - Energy requirements for uptake of 14-C labeled 5-hydroxytryptamine ([14-C]5-HT) were studied in isolated guinea pig lungs, ventilated with 95% O2-5% CO2 and perfused in a recirculating system with Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solution containing 4% bovine serum albumin and 5 mM glucose. After 14 min preincubation with various inhibitors, lungs were perfused for 30 min with 0.25 times 10- minus 6 M [14-C]5-HT. Aliquots of perfusate were analyzed for [14-C]5-HT and metabolic products. Control lungs had a fractional serotonin clearance of 0.57 plus or minus 0.04. The rate of removal of [14-C]5-HT was inhibited 96% by imipramine, 88% by chlorpromazine, and 65% by ouabain, but was unaffected by iproniazid. Anoxia and cyanide each inhibited uptake by 68%. Omitting glucose from the perfusate reduced uptake by 30%. 2-Deoxyglucose and iodoacetate decreased the rate of [14-C]5-HT removal by 44 and 70%, respectively. Uptake was not affected by lung weight gain nor by changes in lung mechanical properties produced by [14 C]5-HT. [14-C]5-HT uptake by guinea pig lung requires a metabolic source of energy providing additional evidence for transport by an active process. PMID- 1130534 TI - Electrolyte excretion and free-water production during onset of acute diuresis. AB - The concentration of major urinary solutes was studied in ureteral urine collected at 15- to 30-s intervals at the onset of acute diuresis induced in anesthetized dogs either by high-ceiling diuretics (mainly ethacrynic acid) or by osmotic diuretics. Phosphate/inulin clearance ratios remained unchanged; potassium/inulin clearance ratios rose rapidly. Principal attention is given to the mechanisms underlying a transient rise in urinary sodium and chloride concentrations during the onset of diuresis. When the data are corrected for washout artifacts from the pelvis and ureter, it can be shown that the initial collection periods are associated with a transient increase in free-water production and by the simultaneous secretion of urea from the interstitium into the tubular fluid. The former coincides in time with the rise in urinary chloride concentration and represents an augmentation of water reabsorbed in the collecting duct, which is relatively impermeable to chloride. Both responses are quantitatively consistent with the transition from a hyperosmotic to isosmotic medullary interstitium. PMID- 1130535 TI - Development of glomerular perfusion rate and nephron filtration rate in rats 17 60 days old. AB - The development of filtration rate and perfusion rate in superficial nephrons has been studied in 17- to 60-day-old rats with micropuncture and microsphere techniques. Recordings have also been made of total renal blood flow (RBF), cardiac output (CO), arterial blood pressure, and hematocrit. Sincle-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) as well as glomerular perfusion rate (GPR) and RBF described a similar developmental pattern with a slower rise from 17 to 30 days of age and a faster rise thereafter. No plateau was observed. The quotient between SNGFR and GPR was constant from at least 22 days of age. Since the hematocrit was also constant after 22 days this implies a constant filtration fraction. On the basis of those findings it is suggested that GPR is the main determinator for the development of GFR. The fraction of cardiac output perfusing the kidneys increased continuously in 17- to 60-day-old rats, suggesting that the increase in RBF and GPR is due to intrarenal factors: renal vasodilatation and increase in renal vascular volume. PMID- 1130536 TI - Micromanipulation of pressure in terminal lymphatics in the mesentery. AB - The terminal lymphatics are a network of highly previous vessels that are distributed in a loose association with the blood capillary bed, in particular along with the collecting venules. The base-line pressure in these lymphatics is close to atmospheric, but after they converge to form valved collecting channels PL is increased with a pressure differential of 1-2 cmH20 built up across each valve. This increment in lymphatic pressure is clearly related to the presence of one-way valves, the contractile activity of the collecting channels, and the comparative impermeability of these channels. The pressure differential required to draw fluid from the interstitium into the lymphatics would appear to reside in the vasomotor activity of the collecting channels, although the data do not rule out changes in Pt coincident with net capillary filtration or absorption. PMID- 1130537 TI - Concentration of urine by the hibernating marmot. AB - Studies wer performed with marmots (Marmota flaviventris) of both sexes that had chronic arterial, venous, and bladder catheters. Urine collection was performed during hibernation and urine osmolalities (611.6 not equal to 166.1 SD) were found to be lower than those of aroused animals (1264 not equal to 472.9 SD), but hypertonic to plasma. Peak osmolality of meduallary slices was found to be in the range of osmotic pressures of urine obtained from hibernating or aroused animals. After single injections of a mixture of rho-aminohippurate and inulin, or during constant infusion of inulin, steady-state excretion by hibernators was not achieved for several days. Indirect evidence indicateds that the hibernating marmot is capable of PAH secretion. PMID- 1130538 TI - Metabolic adaptation of the chick embryo to chronic hypoxia. AB - In a colony of white leghorn chickens maintained at 3,800 m successive generations exhibited an increasing hatchability of fertile eggs incubated at elevation of 3,100m. Embryonated eggs produced by the high-altitude-adapted line (WM) and by genetically similar but unselected stocks at sea level (D) were incubated at 3,100 m and at sea level, and the oxygen consumption was measured on individual eggs after the 17th day of incubation. At sea level, oxygen consumption rates of WM strain were less than that of SL stocks during late embryonic development. At 3,100 m, embryonic respriation of all strains was reduced, but to a much lesser degree in the high-altitude strain. It appears that a decreased metabolic activity of the late embryo coupled with a slower rate of embryonic developement is an important factor in the adaptation of the domestic fowl to high altitude. PMID- 1130539 TI - Pathway mediating hypotension elicited by stimulation of the amygdala in the rat. AB - Cardiovascular responses were elicited from 372 histologically verified sites in the amygdala and closely adjacent structures in 82 rats under urethan or chloralose anesthesia. Arterial hypotension was elicited at low current intensities from the medial, central, lateral, and basal nuclei of rats under either anesthetic; the hypotension was still elicited in artificially respired paralyzed rats. Stimulation of the cortical nucleus produced variable changes in arterial pressure. The hypotension elicited under urethan was not found to be correlated with changes in the frequency of electrical activity of hippocampus, amygdala, or septum or to be associated with electrical seizures. Hypertension was usually elicited from the medial nucleus at high current intensities and was attributed to current spread to the cortex ventral to the medial nucleus from which hypertension was elicited at low current intensities. Stimulation of the central, basal, and lateral nuclei under chloralose elicited bradycardia. Lesions of the stria terminalis had no effect on the hypotension, whereas lesions of the ipsilateral medial forebrain bundle abolished this response. PMID- 1130540 TI - Transport of plasma FFA in cats; effect of hypothalamic stimulation. AB - Two tracer methods, repetitive single injection of [3-H]palmitate and continuous infusion of [1 minus 14-C]palmitate, were applied simultaneously to study tracer kinetics of the free fatty acid (FFA) miscible pool in anesthetized cats before, during, and after electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. The results indicated that the FFA pool of the cat behaved as though it consisted of two compartments which exchange FFA with each other. The data were analyzed according to a two-compartmental mammillary system model. The space of the central compartment which represents the plasma was found to be 74 ml/kg body wt. No anatomical significance could be unequivocally ascribed to the peripheral compartment. The variables of the model system were determined for each cat, and a highly significant positive linear relationship between the net FFA transport (mumol/min) and the total quantity of FFA (mumol) in both compartments was established by a regression analysis of the control data. No significant changes were observed in this relationship during or following hypothalamic stimulation which had a significant effect on the plasma FFA level. This result suggests that hypothalamic stimulation affects FFA mobilization by modifying the rate of FFA inflow into the circulation, while the mechanisms for clearing FFA from the plasma are not altered. PMID- 1130541 TI - Interaction of respiratory cell discharge patterns and spontaneous resporatory rate. AB - Potentials from single respiratory cells in the inspiratory and expiratory populations of the medulla were recorded by extracellular microelectrodes in spontaneously breathing cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Experiments were designed to follow alterations in single-cell discharge patterns after modification of the respiratory rate by either barbiturate depression or doxapram activation. Unit activity was quantitated by a computerized mathematical technique based on the sequential arrangement of interspike intervls. From this analysis several discharge parameters were derived which successfully quantitated initial (frequency increase), middle (frequency plateau), and terminal (frequency decrease) phases of spike activity. Discharge parameters were correlated with respiratory rate by the use of linear and curvilinear regression analyses. Theoretical discharge patterns for both inspiratory and expiratory populations were reconstructed at selected respiratory rates by interpolation from regression equations. These data, demonstrating average quantitative shifts in cell activation and deactivation phases as a function of respiratory rate, suggested several possibilities for the modulation of the respiratory frequency. PMID- 1130542 TI - Estimate of relative thickness of peritubular interstitial space in Necturus kidney. AB - Electrophysiological techniques were used to evaluate volume changes of compartments interposed between the peritubular membrane of proximal tubue cells and capillary wall or peritoneal surface of Necturus kidney. The time courseof potassium-induced peritubular membrane depolarization was measured during a switch from 3- to 90-meq potassium sulfate solution in superfusion as well as in vascular perfusion experiments. When superfusion fluids contained 6, 2, and 0 g dextran/100 ml, mean half times of depolarization in normal kidneys were 4.1, 1.9, and 5.8 s. Decreasing the colloid osmotic pressure of superfusion fluids resulted in a significant increase in half-time values. Similar results were obtained in saline expansion. In controls the mean half time was 4.5s; in saline expansion it was 7.7 s. In vascular perfusions, mean half-time values were 225, 350, 355, and 450 s for dextran concentrations of 6, 4, 2, and 0 g/100 ml, respectively. These results indicate that the half time of depolarization increases significantly as the colloid osmotic pressure of perfusion fluids decreases. Estimates of effective unstirred-layer thickness on the peritubular side of proximal tubular epithelium indicate a decrease by about 25% when vascular colloid osmotic pressure is increased from 0 to 54 mmHg. PMID- 1130543 TI - Renal sodium reabsorption during saline loading and distal blockade in newborn dogs. AB - The ability of the proximal tubule to respond to saline expansion and varying filtered sodium loads was studied in 27 neonatal dogs aged 1-23 days. Sodium reabsorption beyond the proximal tubule was blocked with ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide. When puppies received an intravenous load of 0.9% saline for 1.5 h, fractional sodium reabsorption averaged 0.985. After the addition of distal blockade to the saline infusion fractional Na reabsorption fell to 0.512. During distal blockade alone fractional Na reabsorption was 0.701, and after 1.5 h of saline expansion added to distal blockade fractional Na reabsorption fell to 0.493. Thus, there was a significant decrease in proximal tubular fractional Na reabsorption after saline expansion in neonatal dogs, and the high fractional Na reabsorption and low Na excretion during saline loading without distal blockade must be due to a large distal Na reabsorption. When filtered sodium load was varied by raising and lowering the glomerular filtration rate during distal blockade, there was excellent correlation between amount of filtered and reabsorbed sodium (r = 0.92). Thus, glomerulotubular balance exists in newborn dogs when there is no saline expansion. PMID- 1130544 TI - Uptake and compartmental distribution of fatty acid by rat small intestine in vivo. AB - The uptake and esterification of micellar [3-H]oleate and [14-C] palmitate were uniform along the entire length of the small intestine in vivo. Fatty acids (FA) radioactivity taken up by the small intestine could be described in terms of four functionally distinct compartments analogous to those described in vitro. The KRP extractable compartment (KEC) and albumin-extractable compartment (AEC) contained reversibly adherent unesterified FA radioactivity, while the tissue free and esterified FA compartments contained irreversibly bound radioactivity. Wheras 27% and 63% of FA uptake were reversibly bound in the KEC and AEC by the most proximal and most distal regions of the small intestine in vitro (15), less than 10% was contained in these compartments in vivo, independent of location. Linear inverse relationships were found betweeen tissue FA esterification and proportion of FA radioactivity present in the KEC,AEC, and the tissue free FA compartment in vivo. These observations allow for the possibility that FA molecules pass through these compartments prior to esterification. PMID- 1130545 TI - Salicylate, tryptophan, and tyrosine hypothermia. AB - The intraperitoneal administration of sodium salicylate, L-tryptophan, and tyrosine resulted in significant hypothermia when rats were exposed to a 4degree C ambient temperature. Salicylate and tryptophan increased plasma levels of nonprotein-bound tryptophan while total and bound tryptophan were reduced in salicylate-treated rats. Tryptophan concentrations were unaffected by tyrosine administration. Concomitant with increases in free plasma tryptophan, there occurred significant rises in brain levels of tryptophan in both groups of rats, while brain tyrosine levels were increased in those rats receiving tyrosine. Similarly, significant increments in hypothalamic serotonin levels in rats receiving salicylate or L-tryptophan and increases in hypothalamic norepinephrine in tyrosine-treated rats seem to reflect the increased availability of tryptophan and tyrosine for monamine synthesis. However, alternative mechanisms of hypothermiaseem to be operative since oxygen consumption studies demonstrate dissimilar results for tryptophan and salicylate administration. PMID- 1130546 TI - Reversible hemodynamic defect in glomerular filtration rate after ischemic injury. AB - In Wistar rats with surface glomeruli 3 h of nearly complete occlusion of the left renal artery resulted in uniform falls (similar to50%) in ipsilateral whole kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and single-nephron GFR (SNGFR) and in urinary findings consistent with impaired water reabsorption. Since the fall in SNGFR was accompanied by a proportional fall in glomerular plasma flow rate (GPF), and since net ultrafiltration pressure at afferent and efferent ends of the glomerular capillary was unchanged from preischemic levels, these findings suggest that the fall in SNGFR was a hemodynamic consequence of the fall in GPF. To test this hypothesis, GPF was restored to preischemic levels by means of acute infusion of homologous, isoncotic plasma. GPF and SNGFR uniformly increased, on average to preischemic levels, whereas net ultrafiltration pressure at afferent and efferent ends of the glomerular capillary again remained essentially unchanged. These studies demonstrate that the fall in SNGFR in this model of ischemic injury is causally related to the accompanying fall in GPF. Of interest, despite this reversal of the defect in GFR, fractional water reabsorption remained impaired. This restoration of GFR but not reabsorption by plasma infusion abruptly converts this ischemic lesion from nondiuretic to diuretic. PMID- 1130547 TI - Cardiorenal effects of lidocaine and procaine amide in the conscious dog. AB - Simultaneous measurements of hemodynamics, arterioventricular (AV) conduction, and renal functioner were obtained in conscious dogs. Catheters were implanted for the long-term measurement of central aortic, right ventricular, and pulmonary artery pressure. AV conduction was assessed following surgical implantation of multipolar electrode plaques in the area of the bundle of His, as well as on the epicardium of the right and left atria and ventricles. Renal function was assessed utilizing standard techniques. Following control measurements, lidocaine, 1 mg/kg, or procaine amide, 10 mg/kg, was administered intravenously. Subsequently, serial measurements were obtained for a 90-min period. No significant changes in hemodynamics were observed following either drug. Procaine amide produced a significant increase in heart rate and a minimal increase in QRS duration associated with a decrease in low right atrial to His bundle conduction time. However, no significant changes in cardiac conduction were observed after lidocaine administration. Renal function was unaffected by lidocaine but significantly depressed by procaine amide, as demonstrated by a decrease in GFR and effective renal flow. In summary, acute administration of procaine amide significantly alters renal function in the conscious dog with minimal effects on AV conduction and hemodynamics. PMID- 1130548 TI - Neonatal changes in renal blood flow distribution in puppies. AB - The intrarenal distribution of blood flow was studied in 31 newborn mongrel puppies from 18 h to 70 days using xenon washout and krypton autoradiography. Mean renal blood flow increased from 0.39 plus or minus 0.05 ml/g per min (SE) the 1st wk to 2.06 plus or minus 0.12 ml/g per min at 6 wk. During the 1st wk of life renal cortex was perfused homo-geneously at 0.88 plus or minus 0.19 ml/g per min (SE) and accounted for 35 plus or minus 4% of the renal blood flow. During the 2nd wk a narrow, rapidly perfused zone of outer cortex was identified which was perfused at 3.35 plus or minus 0.26 ml/g per min, received 19.53 plus or minus 5.05% of the total renal blood flow, and represented 15 plus or minus 4% of the mass of the total cortex. The inner cortex and outer medulla at this time received 53.40 plus or minus 4.12% of the flow at 1.07 plus or minus 0.08 ml/g per min. Outer cortical flow increased with age reaching adult values by about 6 10 wk when the rapidly perfused area represented 40 plus or minus 8% of the cortex. These changes are parallel to the results of previously reported studies with microspheres in newborn puppies and are compatible with the well established maturational changes noted in neonates of several species. They represent the first gas-washout studies in animals during the first 6 wk of life. PMID- 1130549 TI - Myocardial performance during hemorrhagic shock in the pancreatectomized dog. AB - Myocardial performance was evaluated in nine pancreatectomized and 12 nonpancreatectomized dogs by measuring left ventricular pressure (LVP), maximal dP/dt (max dP/dt), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), aortic pressure (AoP), and lead II of the electrocardiogram during standardized hemorrhagic shock. Cardiac output (CO) and hematocrit were determined before hemorrhage, after 4 h of oligemia, when postinfusion mean blood pressure declined to 60 mmHg. Left ventricular function curves were obtained, by varying preload, in control dogs and 2 h after reinfusion of the shed blood in those dogs subjected to shock. Both groups of dogs showed identical responses to the shock procedure. In the immediate postinfusion period, LVP, max dP/dt, LVEDP, and mean blood pressure returned to near-control values, while PAP was significantly elevated. The postinfusion decline (after 60-90 min) in AoP was accompanied by a similar reduction in LVEDP. Left ventricular performance in hemorrhagic shock did not differ significantly from that seen in control dogs. In addition, there was no electrocardiographic indication of myocardial ischemia. The data indicate that terminal hemorrhagic shock need not be accompanied by myocardial depression whether or not the pancreas is intact. PMID- 1130550 TI - Adenosine metabolism in cultured chick-embryo heart cells. AB - Adenosine, a coronary vasodilator, in involved in the regulation of coronary blood flow, but the mechanism (s) of vasodilation especially with respect to the influence of dipyridamole and aminophylline are not clearly understood. Cultured cardiac cells of 16-day-old chick embryos were used as a model for the mammalian heart. Hypoxia produced a twofold increase in the production of adenosine and its metabolic products in this preparation, indicating that the source of adenosine in the hypoxic heart is the myocardial cell. Neither dipyridamole (1 times 10 minus 6M) nor aminophylline (1 times 10-minus 5M) blocked the release of adenosine from the myocardial cells, but dipyridamole aminophylline was without effect. These data suggest that dipyridamole exerts its vasodilator effect by blocking the uptake of adenosine into the cells, thereby increasing its extracellular levels and the concentration of adenosine in the vicinity of coronary resistance vessels. The mechanism whereby aminophylline attenuates the vasodilation produced by adenosine is not known. However, aminophylline does not interfere with the release or uptake of adenosine. PMID- 1130551 TI - Prostaglandin F and E levels during endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension in calves. AB - Prostaglandin F and E (PGF and PGE) concentrations in sequential blood samples obtained simultaneously from the pulmonary artery (PA) and pulmonary vein (PV) during endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension in calves were determined by radioimmunoassay. Three groups of calves were studied. In nine control calves in which no endotoxin was given PA pressure and PGF and PGE concentrations in four pairs of samples taken at 0, 5, 15, and 45 min did not change. In 17 calves given 1 mg E. coli endotoxin, PGF concentrations were increased significantly in the PV and to a lesser degree in the PA in the 15-and 45-min samples. The increased PGF concentration in the 15-min sample corresponded to an increased PA pressure of 74 plus or minus 4 mmHg (mean plus or minus SE). In three of the endotoxin-treated calves studied a second time and three separate calves indomethacin pretreatment completely blocked the hemodynamic effect of endotoxin as well as PGF release. PGE concentrations did not change in either group. These data suggest that endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension may be mediated by PGF, a known pulmonary pressor agent in the bovine, and that blockade of this effect by indomethacin may be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and/or release. PMID- 1130552 TI - Phrenic and recurrent laryngeal discharge patterns and the Hering-Breuer reflex. AB - In decerebrate, spontaneously breathing cats, whole-nerve recordings of efferent phrenic (Phr) and recurrent laryngeal (Lar) discharge were analyzed with an average-response computer. The Phr inspiratory (I) burst starts abruptly and has an augmenting discharge pattern which reaches a maximum at the end of the I phase. The Lar I burst starts before onset of the Phr burst (median delay 40ms), reaches an approximately constant level till the end of the I phase. These differences are functionally appropriate for the differing respiratory roles of the innervated muscles (diaphragm and glottis dilators). The Hering-Breuer reflex, produced by occulsion at minimum lung volume (start of the I phase), lengthens the I phase and disinhibits I discarge, but differently for Lar and for Phr activity. Lar activity was increased almost from the start of the I phase. In contrast, occlusion produced no change in the Phr augmenting pattern (slope of activity increase) for most or all of the I phase, indicating that normally vagal inhibitory input shuts off Phr activity in a trigger-like manner. PMID- 1130553 TI - Localization of thirst and antidiuretic osmoreceptors by intracranial injections in rats. AB - Eighty-six intracranial cannula placements in 51 rats were tested with unilateral, 2-mul injections of a 0.60-osmol/kg solution, sucrose dissolved in isotonic sodium chloride. To assess antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release, a water diuresis was induced and spontaneous urinations were collected and analyzed for sodium by flame photometry. On alternate test days the 0.60-osmol/kg solution was injected into sleeping rats, and latencies to drink and volume drunk were recorded. Injections at 42 placements elicited neither drinking nor adtidiuresis on two separate test days each; at 15, both antidiuresis and drinking on at least two of three tests each; at 19, drinking but not antidiuresis; at 10, antidiuresis but not drinking. Positive drinking and ADH placements were not distinctly separated. They clustered in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the preoptic areas, and the anterior portions of the hypothalamus. Placements in the medial forebrain bundle and dorsal to the anterior hypothalamic area elicited thirst but not ADH release for the most part. Placements nearest the supraoptic nucleus were weak or negative for ADH release. Central nervous system osmo receptors exist and seem not to be the neurosecretorycells. Thirst osmoreceptors and antidiuretic osmoreceptors seem to be contiguous, but distinct. PMID- 1130554 TI - Myo-inositol transport in the central nervous system. AB - Free myo-inositol (inositol) transport into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and choroid plexus and out of the cerebrospinal fluid was measured in rabbits. In vivo, inositol transport from blood into choroid plexus, CSF, and brain was saturable with an apparent affinity constant (K-t) of approximately 0.1 mM. The relative turnover of free inositol in choroid plexus (16 percent/h) was higher than in CSF 4percent/h) and brain (0.3percent/h) when meausred by tissue penetration of tracer [3-H]-labeled inositol injected into blood. However, the passage of tracer inositol was not greater than the passage of mannitol into brain when measured 15 s after a rapid injection of inositol and mannitol into the left common carotid artery. From the CSF, the clearance of inositol relative to inulin was saturable after the intraventricular injection of various concentrations of inositol and inulin. Moreover, a portion of the inositol cleared from the CSF entered brain by a saturable mechanism. In vitro, choroid plexuses, isolated from rabbits and incubated in artificial CSF, accumulated [3-H labeled myo-inositol against a concentration gradient by a specific, active, saturable process with a K-t of 0.2 mM inositol. These results were interpreted as showing that the entry of inositol into the central nervous system from blood is regulated by a saturable transport system, and that the locus of this system may be, in part, in the choroid plexus. PMID- 1130555 TI - Shivering and nonshivering thermogenic responses of cold-exposed rats to hypothalamic warming. AB - The concurrent neural control of two thermoregulatory responses, shivering thermogenesis (ST) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), was investigated in chronically implanted cold-exposed rats. The effects of heating the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (POAH) on shivering and on the rate of oxygen consumption (Vo2) were measured in these unanesthetized animals. With ambient temperature maintained constant (at some value between 10 and 16 degrees C), warming the hypothalamus 2-3 degrees C resulted in a significant decrease in Vo2 (Psmaller than 0.001) and an increase in shivering (Psmaller than .01), these responses being reversed on cessation of hypothalamic warming. These results are consistent with the proposal that, in the cold-exposed animal, elevated POAH temperatures directly inhibit NST even though shivering may increase (possibly as a compensation for the decrease in nonshivering heat production). They also rule out the possibility that, in the rat, signals from cutaneous and hypothalamic thermoreceptors are integrated in an indentical manner by the neural controllers for ST and NST. PMID- 1130556 TI - Rapid effects of insulin on uridine metabolism in mammary gland explants. AB - A study was made of the early actions of insulin on uridine metabolism in mammary glang explants. A stimulation of both labeled uridine uptake and its incorporation into RNA was demonstrated as early as 15 min after addition of insulin to medium bathing the tissue; these effects persisted for several hours. The metabolic fate of [3-H] uridine to UMP, UDP, and UTP was observed, whereas insulin had no effect on the quantity of 3-H present as uridine or uracil in these tissues. Further studies were performed in which insulin was also shown to have a rapid stimulatory effect on the incorporation of [32-P] phosphate into RNA; however, the uptake of the labeled phosphate was not affected by insulin. Experiments were also carried out to determine whether the effects of insulin on labeled uridine uptake require ongoing RNA and protein synthesis and whether uridine incorporation depends on concomitant protein synthesis. Incubation of explants with antibiotics which inhibit protein synthesis resulted in the complete suppression of the effects of insulin on labeled uridine uptake and its incorporation into RNA. In contrast, the effect of insulin on labeled uridine uptake does not appear to require ongoing RNA synthesis, since this effect persisted when RNA synthesis was significantly reduced by the presence of actinomycin D. PMID- 1130557 TI - Modulation of carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex by sciatic nerve stimulation. AB - In anethetized, immobilized, and vagotomized cats we analyzed the effect of sciatic nerve stimulation (SNS) on the relationships between intrasinus pressure (ISP) and arterial pressure (AP) and between ISP and heart rate (HR). At each of seven ISP levels between 60 and 240 mmHg, AP and HR before and 20 s after the onset of SNS were plotted against ISP to obtain the ISP-AP and ISP-HR relationships before and during SNA. SNA caused increases in AP, HR, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) and a decrease in cardiac output (CO). SNS raised the equilibrium pressure (the value of AP at which AP equaled ISP), but it significantly (P smaller than 0.005) decreased the slope (or gain) of the ISP-AP relationship at ISP's between 90 and 150 mmHg. SNS also significantly (P smaller than 0.05) diminished the gain of ISP-HR relationship at ISP's between 120 and 210 mmHg. Modulation of the gain of ISP-AP relationship was ascribable to that of CO but not of TPR. We conclude that in vagotomized cats 1) SNS attenuates the sensitivity of AP and HR responses in the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex, and 2) the inhibition of the reflex AP response was caused by modulation of the reflex CO response. PMID- 1130559 TI - Magnesium effects in rabbit ventricle. AB - Ten to twenty millimoles per liter Mg did not affect 42-K exchange in control isolated blood-perfused rabbit septa, but abolished acetyl strophanthidin (ACS) induced net 42-K loss (constant heart rate) without attenuating the mechanical response. In six septa ACS-induced net K loss was reduced from 159.3 plus or minus 45 to 43.5 plus or minus 35 mumol/kg tissue water (P smaller than 0.05) by increasing Mg from 1.0 to 20 mM without a change in inotropic response. Ten to twenty millimoles per liter Mg did not reverse ACS inhibition of 42-K5 tissue uptake. In eight septa 16 mM K doubled the efflux rate for 42-K in 1mM Mg. Twenty millimoles per liter Mg abolished this effect. Sixteen millimoles per liter K increase 42-K effluent counts by 99.5 plus or minus 18.5 percent of control in 1.0 mM Mg, but by 44.9 plus or minus 14.1 percent (P smaller than 0.001) in 20 mM Mg. Mg inhibited 42-K exchange at sites that became rate limiting after ACS treatment. These sites were activated by 16mM K. ACS inotrophy was not quantitatively related to net K loss. The Mg effect during digitalis exposure did not result from reversal of ACS inhibition of NA-K-ATPase activity but from a separate effect on K efflux. PMID- 1130558 TI - Effect of prolactin on lipoprotein lipase in crop sac and adipose tissue of pigeons. AB - The effect of prolactin on lipoprotein lipase activity of crop sac, omental adipose tissue, and esophagus was studied in adult female pigeons. Prolactin injected for 4 days, 1 mg/day, increased lipoprotein lipase activity from 17 to 177 U/g in crop sac and from 68 to 118 U/g in adipose tissue, but had no effect on the activity in esophagus, 4 U/g. (10 = 1 mumol of chylomicron triglyceride hydrolyzed to free fatty acid and glycerol per hour.? Prolactin increased the weight of crop sac from 1.4 to 7.2 G. The effect of prolactin on lipoprotein lipase activity and weight of crop sac occurred mostly during the 3rd and 4th days of treatment, whereas the effect on the activity of adipose tissue occurred later, during the 4th day of treatment. Crop "milk" collected from pigeons injected with 2 mg of prolactin daily for 4 days contained a small amount of lipoprotein lipase activity, 12 U/g, is smaller than 10% of that found in crop sac. The finding of markedly increased lipoprotein lipase activity in crop sac of prolactin-treated pigeons suggests that blood triglyceride may be used by crop sac for the formation of crop milk lipid. PMID- 1130560 TI - Effect of angiotensin II and an angiotensin II inhibitor on renin secretion in the dog. AB - This study examined the effect of angiotensin II (AII) and (Sar-1Gly-8) AII, a competitive inhibitor of AII, on renin release in anesthetized dogs. An intravenous infusion of AII (25 ng/kg per min) raised BP 24 mmHg and lowered plasma renin activity (PRA) from 18.8 plus or minus 2.8 to 6.2 plus or minus 1. 3 ng/ml per h (P smaller than .001). When the intravenous infusion of AII inhibitor (1.0 mug/kg per min) was superimposed on the AII infusion, PRA rose from 6.5 plus or minus 22 to 12.3 plus or minus 3.6 ng/ml per h (P smaller than .02). Renal hemodynamics, BP, and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) reverted toward pre-AII control values. A small dose of AII inhibitor (0.1 mu/kg per min) was then infused into one renal artery in animals receiving the constant intravenous infusion of AII. Renin secretion rate (RSR) increased significantly, not only in the infused kidney, but also in the contralateral kidney. In the latter there were no changes in renal hemodynamics or UNaV, and RSR was unimpaired by denervation of that kidney. The results suggest that the AII inhibitor blocks both the vascular and the renin-suppressing actions of AII and that the latter effect is more susceptible to inhibition. PMID- 1130561 TI - Heart rate response to sympathetic stimulation before and after sodium pentobarbital. AB - Heart rate response to electrical stimulation of the right stellate ganglion of vagotomized cats was studied before and after the administration of sodium pentobarbital. The increase and decrease of heart rate with the initiation and cessation of sympathetic stimulation could be accurately described by separate exponential time functions. The time constants of rise and decline, the maximum steady-state heart rate, and the time between cessation of stimulation and initial decrease of heart rate (lag) were functions of the frequency and voltage of stimulation. The main effects of sodium pentobarbital were: 1) to prolong the rise of heart rate by 20-30 percent (P smaller than 0.0001),2) to prolong the decay of heart rate by 36-56 percent (P smaller than 0.005), and 3) to decrease the resting heart rate. The effects were observed 10 min after administration of the drug and lasted at least 4 h. PMID- 1130562 TI - Fibrinogen levels after inflammation or endotoxin in normal and hypophysectomized rats. AB - The hypothesis that pituitary hormones are required for increased fibrinogen synthesis after inflammation or endotoxin was tested by measuring plasma fibrinogen concentrations after inflammation or endotoxin in normal and hypophysectomized rats. Animals were divide into groups receiving no exogenous adrenal steroids, low-dose adrenal steroids, or high-dose adrenal steroids. Hypophysectomy failed to prevent fibrinogen levels from rising after intramuscular turpentine (mean 240 mg/100 ml prior to and 556 mg/100 ml 24 h after turpentine). Steroids did not suppress this rise. Endotoxin, 5 mug/100 g, caused a marked rise in fibrinogen in normal rats at 24 h (mean 296 mg/100 ml before endotoxin and 554 mg/100 ml after endotoxin). This dose of endotoxin killed hypophysectomized rats within 12 h. Hoevr, if hypophysectomized rats were protected with high-dose adrenal steroids, then 5 mug of endotoxin per 100 g caused the same fibrinogen rise as in normal rats (mean 299 mg/100 ml before endotoxin and 587 mg/100 ml after endotoxin). Aparently, pituitary hormones are not necessay for increased fibrinogen synthesis after either inflammation or endotoxin in the rat. PMID- 1130563 TI - Effect of infusion of insulin into portal vein on hepatic extraction of insulin in anesthetized dogs. AB - Hepatic extraction of insulin was examined in anesthetized dogs before and after constant infusion of insulin (20 and 50 mU/min) with use of samples from the portal vein, mesenteric vein, left common hepatic vein, and the femoral artery. In 19 dogs, measurement of portal vein insulin concentration indicated an overall recovery of 110% of the insulin infused. The range varied from 9 to 303%, indicating the potential for serious error in sampling the portal vein. Equilibrium arterial insulin concentrations were achieved 20 min after starting the infusion. Prior to insulin infusion, hepatic extraction of insulin averaged 4.56 plus or minus 0.43 mUmin, representing an extraction coefficient of 0.42 of the insulin presented to the liver. The proportion of insulin extracted by the liver did not change significantly during insulin infusion despite a 10-fold increase in portal vein insulin concentrations. During the infusion of insulin, a significant proportion of the extraheptic clearance of insulin occurred in the mesenteric circulation. Infusion of insulin was associated with a significant increase in insulin extraction by tissues other than the liver and splanchnic beds. Initially, hepatic glucose output average 36 plus or minus 3 mg/min; by 20 min after insulin infusion, it was 16 plus or minus 5 mg/min. Despite continuation of insulin infusion, hepatic glucose output returned to control values even though arterial glucose concentration continued to fall. Hepatic glucose output increased with termination of insulin infusion. PMID- 1130564 TI - Micropuncture study of uric acid transport in rat kidney. AB - Free-flow micropuncture studies were perfromed to evaluated uric acid transport in the rat kidney. In all studies (a-minus 14C) uric acid and (methoxy-3H) inulin wereadministered. A simple two-step, column-chromatographic technique was utilized to separate (2-minus 14C) uric acid from its labeled oxidation product in plasma, urine, and tubular fluid. Tubular fluid collections were obtained from the early-and late-proximal tubule under control conditions and during subsequent volume expansion induced with 0.9 per-cent sodium chloride. These studies indicate bidirectional, possible active, uric acidtransport in the proximal tubule undr control conditions, with net reabsorption evident early and net decretion apparent late in this nephron segment. In association with volumeexpansion net uric acid reabsorption and secretion both decreased. No significant nettransport was evident beyond the accessible portion of the late proximal tubule in either experimental state. PMID- 1130565 TI - Magnesium-neurohypophyseal hormone interactions in contraction of vascular smooth muscle. AB - The contractile responses of helically cut rat aortic strips to neurohypophyseal hormones and synthetic analogues in the presence and absence of 1.2 mM external magnesium ions [Mg++]o was studied. These experiments demonstrate that 1) [Mg++]o potentiates the contractile actions of a variety of neurohypophyseal peptides on vascular smooth muscle. 2) [Mg++]o can alter both the ED50s (i.e., hormone receptor affinities) and intrinsic activities (or maximum contractile responses) of these molecules on vascular muscle. 3) The amino acid moieties in positions 1, 2, 3, and 8 of the vasopressin molecule interact, differentially, with [Mg++] to produce contraction of vascular muscle. 4) The length of the side chain, and basicity, in position 8 of the vasopressin molecule are probably important in Mg potentiation in mammalian vascular muscle. 5) Interaction of Mg with an aromatic group in position 3 might be critical for potency of vasopressin hormones of mammalian vascular muscle; the ED50 for oxytocin is not shifted to lower concentrations in the presence of [Mg++]o. Collectively, these data suggest that Mg probably acts at more than one site in vascular smooth muscle in the production of neurohypophyseal peptide-activated contractions. In addition, the present findings indicate that the Mg dependence of these peptides on at least one vascular muscle, rat aorta, is a direct function of the rat pressor potency of the molecules. PMID- 1130566 TI - Local ventricular repolarization changes due to sympathetic nerve-branch stimulation. AB - Functional distributions of individual cardiac nerves distal to the stellate ganglia were determined in 30 open-chest, anesthetized dogs by mapping sites of refractory-period shortening during stimulation of the nerves. On the right, recurrent cardiac nerve stimulation produced marked shortening of refractory periods in the interventricular septum, and lesser changes on the anterior heart surface. On the left, ventromedial cardiac nerve stimulation shortened refractory periods in a similar distribution, but changes were not marked as with the recurrent cardiac nerve. The other left-side nerve that produced repolarization changes, the ventrolateral cardiac nerve, produced marked refractory-period changes on the posterior heart surface. Its distribution showed little overlap with that of the ventromedial or recurrent cardiac nerves. T waves inverted in an electrocardiographic Y lead during recurrent cardiac and ventromedial cardiac nerve stimulation, while ventrolateral cardiac nerve stimulation increased the positivity of T waves in that lead. The cardiac distributions of individual nerves documented in this study provide an anatomical basis for localized alterations in ventricular electrophysiologic properties. PMID- 1130567 TI - Dentistry in Regional Medical Programs: need for greater involvement. PMID- 1130568 TI - HMOs and health education. AB - HMOs, by their stated purpose and nature, have a necessary and central involvement with health education. The specific characteristics of any HMO determine the extent and quality of health education. An HMO has the responsibility to identify its educational objectives, as well as the educational components of any of its other objectives. The more professional the educational guidance, the better it is integrated into the organization, and the greater its financial and administrative support, the more likely will be the success in achieving objectives. In brief, every HMO has the need and potential for a health education effort. The extent and quality of that effort will reflect the mix of administrative philosophy, organizational characteristics, the degree to which professional educators are involved, and the amount and stability of financial support. PMID- 1130569 TI - Screening yield in an urban low income practice. PMID- 1130570 TI - A study of reported therapeutic abortions in North Carolina. PMID- 1130571 TI - Factors affecting the amount of mercury in human scalp hair. PMID- 1130572 TI - Adult stature in relation to childhood exposure to the atomic bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. PMID- 1130573 TI - Public warnings of the risk in oral polio vaccine. PMID- 1130574 TI - The environment of one world. PMID- 1130575 TI - The man in the street: a tale of two cities. PMID- 1130576 TI - Letter: On development operations in mental health delivery systems. PMID- 1130577 TI - Letter: Contributing to nursing knowledge. PMID- 1130578 TI - A critique of some current approaches to the problem of drug abuse. PMID- 1130579 TI - Drug abuse knowledge and attitudes in 'middle America'. PMID- 1130580 TI - Manpower training as an alternative to disadvantaged adolescent drug misuse. PMID- 1130581 TI - Parental failure and consequences for children. The drug-abusing mother whose children are in foster care. AB - The developmental progress of children of drug-abusing mothers was assessed in a study of foster children. Cognitive abilities and personal adjustment appeared to be normal but significantly poorer school adjustment patterns were observed. Such children are disproportionately locked into foster care. PMID- 1130582 TI - Patterns of marijuana use among public health students. PMID- 1130583 TI - Radiological practice in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: trents from 1964 to 1970. AB - Use of X-ray in Hiroshima and Nagasaki from 1964 to 1970 was assessed according to numbers of films consumed, and the radiographic, fluoroscopic, and photofluorographic examinations performed. Except for chest photofluorography, a steady increase in the use of medical X-ray since Workd War II is demonstrated. PMID- 1130584 TI - A podiatric health screening in Harlem. PMID- 1130585 TI - Letters to the editor: On an epidemiologic view of drug abuse. PMID- 1130586 TI - Letter: In the medical services marketplace. PMID- 1130587 TI - Letter: Occupational health and safety. PMID- 1130588 TI - Pulmonary embolism associated with surgically proved deep venous thrombosis. AB - In a prospective study, thrombosis of the femoral or popoliteal veins was discovered at operation in nine of eighty-one patients requiring amputation of a lower extremity for arterial insufficiency. One week postoperatively, all nine patients had evidence of pulmonary embolism on the lung scan. Embolization was documented by arteriography in two patients and at autopsy in a third patient. In none of these patients was there clinical evidence of venous thrombosis prior to operation. Two of the subjects with proved thrombosis died during study, a mortality of 22 percent, whereas the mortality for the entire group was 10 percent. It is concluded that the deep venous system of patients requiring amputation for ischemia should be examined carefully at operation. These patients have a high incidence of deep venous thrombosis and the discovery of thrombus at the time of operation places them in a particularly high risk group. PMID- 1130589 TI - Surgical management of 100 consecutive abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - One hundred consecutive elective abdominal aortic aneurysmorrhaphies were performed at Walter Reed Army Medical Center from 1966 to 1973. The overall hospital mortality was 3 percent. There were no operative deaths in patients with aneurysms smaller than 9 cm. In view of our favorable overall statistics, we recommend elective abdominal aortic aneurysmorrhaphy in all cases unless there is severe associated cardiac and pulmonary disease. Preoperative carotid endarterectomy is recommended for symptomatic cerebrovascular insufficiency or for asymptomatic carotid brutis and/or hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis. When necessary, associatedgastrointestinal procedures can be accomplished without increased risk of infections. PMID- 1130590 TI - Oddi sphincteroplasty in the management of complicated biliary and pancreatic disease. PMID- 1130591 TI - Glucose intolerance after massive liver resection in man and other mammals. AB - The relationship between changes in glucose tolerance and in mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was studied after massive liver resection. In rabbits twenty-four hours after hepatectomy, when the phosphorylative activity in the mitochondria of the remnant liver was enhanced maximally, the blood glucose level did not increase significantly after glucose administration. Forty-eight hours after hepatectomy, when the phosphorylative activity decreased to a submaximal level, the blood glucose level increased gradually but without a return toward normal. About six weeks after partial hepatectomy, mitochondrial function returned gradually to normal levels and the glucose tolerance test results returned to within normal limits. Considering the previous report that an enhancement of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity is required for a later increase in nuclear DNA synthesis, it was suggested that the plateau pattern, with hypoglycemia, and the gradual increase, with a prolonged return toward normal, in the glucose tolerance test are indicative or marked enhancement of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity preceding an increase in nuclear DNA synthesis. The changes in the glucose tolerance test results in hepatectomized rabbits also were observed in rats and in man; however, they were more rapid in rats and slower in man. From these results it was suggested that the glucose tolerance test is very useful in the evaluation of the stage of regeneration in the liver remnant after massive liver resection. PMID- 1130592 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism in children. AB - Three cases of primary hyperparathyroidism in children are presented and the literature reviewed. Symptoms of nausea, weight loss, and personality changes are more common in children than in adults with this disease. Children may have the diagnosis delayed because of failure to consider hyperparathyroidism. Surgery has been demonstrated to be most effective in treating this condition. PMID- 1130593 TI - The thyroid nodule. View from the community hospital. AB - Most operative procedures, including those on the thyroid, are performed in community hospitals but reported on from large medical centers. For comparison, therefore, 651 patients who underwent operation for nodular goiter in a community hospital over a twenty-one year period are analyzed. The incidence of carcinoma in patients undergoing operation for nodular goiter increased from 8.7 per cent in the early years to 20.4 per cent in the past four years. The value of frozen section study and thyroid scanning is documented. PMID- 1130594 TI - Immunologic reactions after experimental cryosurgery to the reproductive system of the male rabbit. I. The humoral response. AB - Single cryoinjuries to the accessory reproductive organs and to the gonads of normal adult male rabbits elicit antibody responses in 35.8 and 11.9 per cent of the cases, respectively. The antibodies display agglutinating and precipitating properties against extracts of the organ that underwent the freezing injury, but do not react in the presence of extracts of other organs of the rabbit. Repeated cryoinjuries raise both the percentage of reacting animals (up to 100 per cent after four successive cryostimulations, in some cases) and the titer of the humoral responses, which, in addition, endure longer in blood than do responses to single stimuli. These humoral phenomena are the expression of immunologic reactions mounted by the host animals against "self" components, regarded, however, as "nonself" by their surveillance apparatus. PMID- 1130595 TI - Gallstone ileus. Review of the literature and presentation of thirty-four new cases. AB - An analysis of thirty-four patients with gallstone ileus is integrated with a review of the literature on the subject. Surgical treatment was carried out in thirty-two patients, with an overall operative mortality of 19 per cent. Three patients were treated by one stage enterolithotomy, fistula repair, and cholecystectomy without operative mortality, emphasizing the merit of one stage treatment in selected, well prepared patients. A 6 per cent incidence of carcinoma of the gallbladder was noted in this series of patients. PMID- 1130596 TI - Recurrent inguinal hernia. Follow-up study of 100 postoperative patients. AB - This review of recurrent inguinal hernia evaluates the possible causes of recurrence and the most effective operative procedures for successful repair. Emphasis is placed upon precise dissection technic so that whatever fascia is available after the primary operation may be utilized for the subsequent repair. A detailed study is devoted to the histologic features of fascia, emphasizing its lack of vascularization as the possible reason for its strength and permanency throughout life. In operations for recurrent inguinal hernia, rectus sheath pedunculated grafts should be used more frequently, and in extreme cases cord excision may be required. A follow-up study of one hundred postoperative cases, with a failure rate of 7 per cent, is presented. PMID- 1130597 TI - Surgery of left paraduodenal hernia. AB - The clinical presentation, embryologic and etiologic factors, and repair of left paraduodenal hernia are presented. A new operative procedure for cure of left paraduodenal hernia is presented that deals effectively with the sac and predisposing arch containing the inferior mesenteric vein without section of the vein. Repair is based upon the embryologically normal anatomy with restoration of the inferior mesenteric vein to its normal retroperitoneal position. This procedure has been successfully utilized in a case in which the paraduodenal hernia of small bowel was encountered concomitantly with a perforated duodenal ulcer. PMID- 1130598 TI - Strangulated diaphragmatic hernia. A clinical study. AB - Symptoms, signs, and definitions of strangulation and incarceration in diaphragmatic herniation are surveyed, and four patients with strangulated diaphragmatic hernia are reported on. Although the symptoms may be uncharacteristic, the diagnosis is easily made, if kept in mind. X-ray examination of the chest, possibly supplemented by a barium meal, usually indicates the diagnosis. The mortality rate in our series was high, similar to the findings in other series in the literature. Since approximately half of the cases of incarcerated and/or strangulated diaphragmatic hernia are due to overlooked traumatic diaphragmatic rupture, we stress the importance of diagnosing and treating such rupture promptly to reduce the mortality rate. Strangulated diaphragmatic hernia is a clinical entity on the borderline between the fields of thoracic and general surgery. The disorder is often overlooked or improperly treated, possibly because most units have limited experience with this particular phenomenon. PMID- 1130599 TI - Acute prolonged renal arterial infarction. Return of function after thromboendarterectomy. AB - This report describes a case of complete occlusion of the right renal artery. Arteriography and intravenous pyelography demonstrated no kidney function. The occlusion was treated by endarterectomy, and eleven days later another intravenous pyelogram revealed that renal function had been restored. A review of the literature also suggests that acute occlusion (caused by embolism) or chronic occlusion (caused by atherosclerosis) should be treated surgically to perserve renal function, reserving nephrectomy only if that should fail. PMID- 1130600 TI - Shortened small bowel syndrome. Mackby's operation. AB - Intestinal infarction is a condition with a high rate of mortality. Progress in the fields of anesthesia, maintenance of electrolyte balance, and intensive postoperative care has made survival possible in a number of patients subjected to extensive resection of the small intestine. Many of these patients, however, later succumb to the effects of malabsorption. In this paper we report on a patient who has undergone massive intestinal resection, because of venous intestinal infarction, and Mackby's operation, with favorable results twelve months postoperatively. PMID- 1130601 TI - Fournier's syndrome: synergistic gangrene of the scrotum. AB - Progressive spread of necrosis in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the scrotum is the key feature of idiopathic scrotal gangrene. The disease may present initially as an acute abdomen, but laparotomy should be avoided. Usually an anaerobic Streptococcus is found, acting in synergism with aerobic, frequently gram-negative, bacilli. As in other synergistic gangrenes, wide dibridement with drainage of all sinus tracts is required. Although the testicles are frequently bared, they are usually not necrotic and should not be amputated. Once the infection has resolved, a surprising amount of skin coverage, including coverage of the testicles, can often be obtained from the scrotal remnants. PMID- 1130602 TI - Needle in the foot. PMID- 1130603 TI - Simple method to prolong and improve the function of Hemovac drains. PMID- 1130604 TI - Editorial: Trauma in the medical school. PMID- 1130605 TI - Femorotibial bypass in the diabetic patient for salvage of the ischemic lower extremity. AB - Severe ischemia of the lower extremity in diabetic patients without runoff in the popliteal artery should not deter an aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Femorotibial or femoroperoneal bypass can effect limb salvage and avoid primary amputation if distal small vessel patency can be demonstrated by arteriography. PMID- 1130606 TI - Femoral arteriography in outpatients. AB - Sixty-four femoral arteriograms were taken on an outpatient, ambulatory basis in sixty-two patients. There were no complications. It is believed that this method, when applicable, should effect substantial savings in health delivery cost and medical manpower and should facilitate adequate follow-up examinations in certain cases. PMID- 1130607 TI - Appraisal of operative treatment for chronic pancreatitis. With special reference to side to side pancreaticojejunostomy. AB - A total of sixty-one operations were performed in sixty of seventy-one patients with chronic pancreatitis, with the following results. 1. The procedures used were side to side pancreaticojejunostomy in twenty-four patients, caudal pancreatectomy in ten, pancreaticoduodenectomy in six, total pancreatectomy in one, removal of pancreatic calculi in four, cystojejunostomy in two, biliary tract procedures in twelve, and drainage of pancreatic abscess in one. Operative fatality occurred in six patients, with fifty-four surviving operation. 2. Of fifty-three patients surviving operation (excluding the one who underwent only exploratory laparotomy), forty-seven (88 per cent) had relief of pain. With the exception of two patients with complicating cancer of the pancreas at the time of operation, of fifty-two patients surviving operation, thirty-nine (75 per cent) had satisfactory results at follow-up study. 3. Sixteen of twenty-four patients (66.7 per cent) undergoing side to side pancreaticojejunostomy had satisfactory follow-up results. 4. Comparison of pre- and postoperative body weight levels in twenty-one patients undergoing side to side pancreaticojejunostomy showed a postoperative loss of less than 10 per cent in seven, unchanged weight in two, and a gain in eleven patients, including five with more than 10 per cent gain. However, fat absorption examination in these patients showed no distinct postoperative improvement in digestion and absorption. 5. Histologic evidence in one patient at autopsy four years and eleven months after side to side pancreaticojejunostomy indicated improvement in fibrosis of the pancreas as compared with the findings at operation. PMID- 1130608 TI - Diagnosis of chronic and postoperative osteomyelitis with gallium 67 citrate scans. AB - The effectiveness of gallium 67 citrate in diagnosing the exacerbations of chronic osteomyelitis or postoperative osteomyelitis secondary to open reduction of fractures was tested in thirteen patients. This isotope demonstrated an area of infection in every case in which such an area existed. The control subjects consisted of patients with noninfected wounds after open reduction. In this group, gallium was not incorporated into the post-operative hematoma. No false negative results were observed in our series, demonstrating that this element is useful in the early diagnosis of bone infections. PMID- 1130609 TI - B-mode ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal lesions. AB - The use and value of a relatively new diagnostic modality, ultrasound, in the diagnosis of renal masses are discussed. Several examples are presented. PMID- 1130610 TI - Prediction of intestinal viability using Doppler ultrasound technics. AB - The determination of intestinal viability intraoperatively remains difficult. Intestinal blood flow can be demonstrated in the serosa and mesentery-bowel junction by use of the Doppler ultrasound flow detector. The presence of flow in these areas after an ischemic episode correlates well with ultimate viability of the intestine. This technic may be useful clinically to assist in determining viability and the limits of resection of previously ischemic intestine. PMID- 1130612 TI - Progressive hypovolemia leading to shock after continuous hemorrhage and 3:1 crystalloid replacement. AB - Dogs subjected to arterial hemorrhage and infused with 3:1 volumes of lactated Ringer's solution became progressively hypovolemic, to the point of frank shock. Stability and normovolemia were restored only after additional fluid delivery, in a net ratio of 8:1. These were the mathematically predicted values that satisfied Starling's hypothesis. PMID- 1130611 TI - Diseases of the colon and rectum in Bolivia. AB - A review of the surgical and autopsy records from two general hospitals in La Paz, Bolivia, discloses an incidence of colon and rectal disease, excluding hemorrhoids, of 0.6 per cent (138 of 22,361 surgical cases) and 2.5 per cent (16 of 640 consecutive autopsies). Acquired megacolon complicated by volvulus represented more than half of all cases in the surgical series. Ulcerative colitis, diverticular disease, and neoplastic polyps represented less than 10 per cent of the cases of colonic disease. Only ten cases of carcinoma of the colon were seen, whereas five cases of granulomatous colitis or ileocolitis were detected in the same surgical material. Among sixty-four lesions of the rectum, so-called retention polyps accounted for 54.5 per cent of the cases, with carcinoma next in frequency (25 per cent), and the remainder being different varieties of inflammatory conditions. In the autopsy material almost half of the cases were infectious conditions, followed by congenital malformations and complicated acquired megacolon. No case of diverticular disease of the colon or neoplastic polyps was seen, and there was only one case of cancer of the large bowel. Because of the high incidence of acquired megacolon and the low incidence of cancer, ulcerative colitis, adenomatous polyps, and diverticular disease of the colon, possible etiopathogenic factors of these conditions are discussed in comparison with their incidence in other developed and developing countries of the world. PMID- 1130613 TI - Multiple primary cancer. Thirty patients with three or more primary cancers. PMID- 1130614 TI - Traumatic perforation of the sigmoid colon through schistosomal ulcerations. AB - A case is presented in which the colon was perforated through a S. mansoni ulcer after blunt abdominal trauma. This is believed to be a unique situation. The colonic complications of schistosomiasis are discussed, and it is expected that they will be seen more frequently in the United States. PMID- 1130615 TI - Carcinoma arising in a mesenteric cyst. AB - A report is presented in which a mesenteric cyst underwent a malignant change. A survey of the origin, symptoms, and treatment of mesenteric cysts is also included. The histologic picture of the case is described, the origin of the cyst discussed, and a comparison made with the two similar cases reported in the literature. PMID- 1130616 TI - Extending the usefulness of self-retaining retraction. AB - Self-retaining retractors are a great aid in surgery since they assist in obtaining and maintaining the exposure necessary to accomplish the goal of surgery. The purpose of this retractor-retaining ring and clamp set is to increase the versatility of the self-retaining retractor and to make its advantages more generally available by a drastic reduction in cost. This is accomplished by using a simple, easily obtained clamp that can be adapted to the retractors presently available in any operating suite in combination with any of the three ring sizes to produce a self-retaining retractor that can easily accommodate variables such as the size of the patient and the type of operation. PMID- 1130617 TI - A new filtered sump tube for wound drainage. AB - A new filtered sump tube has been designed for drainage of collections of fluids from wounds without the danger of infection by airborne contaminants. A two staged filter has been attached to the vent lumen that removes particulate matter and bacteria from the air that passes through the filter. A clinical evaluation of this tube confirms the superiority of sump drainage as compared with closed suction drainage in the removal of fluids from wounds or cavities. PMID- 1130619 TI - Total replacement arthroplasty of the hip. PMID- 1130618 TI - A new approach in addict therapy. PMID- 1130620 TI - Future health care in Alaska. PMID- 1130621 TI - President's page. PMID- 1130622 TI - Editorial: Blood transfusions. PMID- 1130623 TI - Estimation of plasma diazepam. Critique of a method using gas-liquid chromatography and benzene extraction. AB - Plasma diazepam can be reliably estimated using a simple benzene extraction and gas-liquid chromatography with griseofulvin as internal standard. This gives reproducible results within the clinical range of plasma levels. Storage at minus 20 degrees C is recommended but is not essential for the 1st week. PMID- 1130624 TI - Methaemoglobinaemia following treatment dispensed by witch doctors. Two cases of potassium permanganate poisoning. AB - Two cases of acute acquired methaemoglobinaemia following the ingestion of witch doctor's preparations, are presented. Chemical analysis of the ingested powder revealed a mixture of soot and potassium permanganate. Both patients were comatose and deeply cyanosed but the response to oxygen, methylene blue and vitamin C was good. PMID- 1130625 TI - Respiratory failure following gastroscopy. AB - A 61-year-old, bronchitic male developed respiratory failure due to a pneumoperitoneum following gastroscopy. The management of this case and the possible complications following gastroscopy are described and discussed. PMID- 1130626 TI - An evaluation of the Lex-O2-Con oxygen content analyser. AB - The accuracy of the Lex-O2-Con apparatus is compared with the classical method of Van Slyke & Neill (1924) and the inaccuracies introduced by the presence of volatile anaesthetics in the sample are evaluated. The absolute levels of oxygen content depend upon the flow rate of carrier gas through the instrument. PMID- 1130627 TI - Twenty-two cases of autotransfusion. AB - Twenty cases of ruptured ectopic pregnancy and two cases of haemothorax which have been given autotransfusion by a simple technique are reported. No deaths or complications occurred. The advantages of autotransfusion particularly in circumstances where laboratory facilities are minimal are discussed. Haemoglobin levels before and after transfusion and other investigations are recorded. PMID- 1130628 TI - Letter: An anaesthetic technique for intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 1130629 TI - Long term security of internal jugular catheters. PMID- 1130630 TI - Letter: Airway care in post-anaesthetic patients. The use of a gauze tongue handle. PMID- 1130631 TI - Letter: The size of tracheal tube connectors. A logical extension of standardization. PMID- 1130632 TI - Letter: Auditory guide to the extradural space. PMID- 1130633 TI - Letter: The airway of the edendulous patient. PMID- 1130634 TI - Letter: Anaesthesia for coarctation. PMID- 1130635 TI - [The metabolism of pancuronium in man]. AB - The metabolic disposition of pancuronium was investigated in man under clinical condition. Pancuronium and its desacetylated derivatives were determined in body fluids using the previously described bromophenol blue method (3). The metabolites were isolated by thin layer chromatography. One minute after the intravenous injection of a mg of pancuronium the drug reaches a serum concentration of 2,2 plus or minus 0,2mug/ml. As an exponential function the concentration curve then falls to half of the initial value during the first 30 to 60 min. The end of the neuromuscular block conincides with a concentration of 0,1 to 0,3 mug/ml serum which is reached about 2 hours after the injection. After 3 to 4 hours no more pancuronium can be detected in the serum. The renal elimination of pancuronium can be folowed up for 12 hours. On average half of the injected dose is recovered in the urine. 80% of this proportion is unchanged pancuronium and 20% desacetylated metabolites. The monodesacetylated derivatives of pancuronium are still pharmacologically active. The biliary excretion 24 hours after the administration of pancuronium accounts for 5 to 10% of the injected dose... PMID- 1130636 TI - [The influence of inhalation anaesthetics on catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla in vivo]. AB - The influence of chloroform and ether on the catecholamine (CA) secretion from the adrenal medulla was investigated in cats in order to compare these effects to those of halothane and methoxyflurane studied previously. The CA concentrations in the blood of the adrenolumbar vein were measured spectrofluorometrically. During inhalation of chloroform (1.0-1.5%) no significant changes of spontaneous CA secretion were observed; contrary to that, the secretion evoked by splanchnic nerve stimulation was decreased. During inhalation of ether (4.0-6.0%) spontaneous CA output was increased and the CA release evoked by splanchnic nerve stimulation was inhibited. The results differ qualitatively from those obtained with methoxyflurane and halothane; these anesthetics caused a pronounced inhibition of spontaneous CA output. The inhibition by ether of CA secretion evoked by splanchnic nerve stimulation was less pronounced than that caused by the other anaesthetics. By comparison of the effects of four inhalation anaesthetics we evaluated, which circulatory side effects depend on changes of CA output. PMID- 1130637 TI - [Influence of halothane on the effects of endogenous and exogenous noradrenaline on the isolated rabbit heart perfused at constant pressure]. AB - The influence of halothane on the release of noradrenaline from synpathetic nerve endings was studied in isolated rabbit hearts with an intact postganglionic sympathetic nerve supply. In addition we investigated the influence of this anaesthetic on the effects of noradrenaline released from the nerve endings or infused into the aortic cannula. Halothane did not alter the noradrenaline release evoked by electrical stimulation of the postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres. Although halothane directly diminished the rate of the isolated rabbit heart, the positive chronotropic effect of noradrenaline was not influenced by this anaesthetic. The coronary flow decreased during application of halothane. Both stimulation of postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres and noradrenaline infusion (250ng/min, lasting for 2 min) evoked a decline in coronary flow; the decrease in coronary flow caused by noradrenaline was markedly attenuated by halothane. This effect of halothane did probably not depend on alterations of the myocardial component of coronary resistance, but on the fact that the vasoconstrictor effect of noradrenaline on the coronary vessels was decreased by this anaesthetic. PMID- 1130638 TI - [Telemetric ECG data (biorhythms) during operations under acupuncture analgesia in the People's Republic of China (author's transl)]. AB - On an educational journey to China, we were able to record and accumulate electrocardiograms during operations under acupuncture analgesia with the aid of a self-developed apparatus. To elaborate this among others the amplitude of the QRS-complex as well as the time period between two cardiac cycles were electronically measrued and registered. With examples from the comprehensive material it is possible to draw the following conclusions: 1. The patients were in conditions ranging from restlessness and irritation to weariness and drowsiness. A condition similar to that resulting from narcosis must be excluded. 2. A pre-operatively undertaken strong psychological sedation by means of drugs can be excluded with certainty. 3. The massive reaction to events such as the washing out of the operative field refutes, at least partly, our concept of "Asiatic indifference". 4. Acupuncture is not able to depress reflexes. 5. Finally, the hypothesis that acupuncture has a stabilizing effect on the circulation is not valid. PMID- 1130639 TI - [The peripheral perfusion pressure: a new non-invasive parameter for the circulatory monitoring of patients (author's transl)]. AB - Heating of a skin area to a temperature of 42 degrees to 44 degrees C produces a certain physiological condition which induces maximal vasodilatation. Detailed experiments have shown that local peripheral vascular resistance of such an area remains constant for several hours. The flow in this area is proportional to the actual perfusion pressure. Relative flow was measured by means of a new type of electrode fixed to the skin like and ECG electrode, and compared with simultaneous intra-arterial blood pressure measruements. The changes in arterial blood pressure were also recorded by the skin electrode. This new parameter is defined as "peripheral perfusion pressure". It is appropiate for non-invasive continuous monitoring of the circulatory system of patients. PMID- 1130640 TI - [Letter: Improved course control in acute cerebral function disorders]. PMID- 1130641 TI - [A method for the symmetrical pre-stretching of cuffs of plastic tubes (author's transl)[]. AB - We describe a method to prestretch symmetrically cuffs of plastic endotracheal tubes. The tracheal wall pressure will be lower than the capillary pressure of the mucous membranes in tow third of the cases, if correctly prestrecthed cuffs are used. The importance of using truly high volume low pressure cuffs with a cuff diameter of a least 25 to 30 mm is stressed. PMID- 1130643 TI - On the fringe of anaesthesia. PMID- 1130642 TI - Unilateral pulmonary oedema following re-expansion of pneumothorax. AB - Unilateral pulmonary oedema is a rare complication in the routine management of spontaneous pneumothorax. Previous reports have emphasized excessive negative intrapleural pressure, rapid re-expansion of the lungs and bronchial obstruction as major factors in the pathogenesis. We have encountered four cases, and at least one of these factors have been absent in each case. Review of the literature, and our own experience suggests that the major factor is chronic and total lung collapse resulting in hypoxia and increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability. Other factors which may be contributory are discussed. PMID- 1130644 TI - A comparison of two heated water-bath humidifiers. AB - The performance of two heated water-bath humidifiers was examined in terms of airway temperatures and humidities. These were the simple heated tank (Marshall and Spalding, 1953) and the Fisher and Paykel No. 328 (Spence and Melville, 1972), both of which had the potential to deliver gases at temperatures above 40 degrees C, and with a moisture content in excess of 50 mg/litre. The major advantage of the No. 328 was its heating wire in the delivery tube. This lessened or prevented condensation within the tube, and allowed the water bath to be maintained at lower temperatures. Independent heat controls for the water bath and the delivery tubing allow precision of humidities in the gases provided for inspiration through an artificial airway. When condensation is prevented, the temperature of the saturated gases leaving the humidifier limits the absolute humidity supplied. Monitoring and adjustment of airway temperature of the patient then allows selection of temperature and relative humidity in the inspired gas. PMID- 1130645 TI - The biomedical engineer and the doctor. AB - The appearance of engineers with special training in biology has occurred only in the past fifteen years, and the spectacular contributions they can make to patient care have been confined mainly to the years since solid-state electronic circuitry became available. It is timely to review the relationships between them and the clinicians, and to indicate the growing interdependence they have on each other. The three points at which their interests converge most noticeably are: 1. in the collection, storage and display of data, 2. in the maintenance of electrical safety and the proper functioning of apparatus, and 3. in the design of electro-medical equipment. PMID- 1130646 TI - Editorial: International conferences. PMID- 1130647 TI - Editorial: Position of patients while recovering from anaesthesia. PMID- 1130648 TI - The biomedical engineer in the hospital. AB - The role of the hospital biomedical engineer is described with reference to design and development of equipment and its maintenance, provision of a technical advisory service, and teaching. PMID- 1130649 TI - End-tidal carbon dioxide levels in the early detection of air embolism. AB - Two cases of air embolism in patients anaesthetized in the sitting position are described. The emboli, though producing no signs and therefore probably small, were readily detected by the fall in the end tidal CO2 fraction. Techniques for the detection of air emboli are briefly reviewed. PMID- 1130650 TI - Cholinesterase reactivation: in vitro studies. PMID- 1130651 TI - Choice of anaesthetic technique for microsurgery of the larynx. PMID- 1130652 TI - A prospective study of coronary care in a rural city. AB - The results of a two-year prospective study of myocardial infarction in a rural city is reported. In the under 70 years age group there was a 10 per cent mortality of patients whilst being nursed in the coronary care area. Later deaths after transfer to the general wards raised the overall hospital mortality rate to 15 per cent. These figures compare favourably with other series. PMID- 1130653 TI - Correspondence: Unexplained post-operative death. PMID- 1130654 TI - Letter: Cardiac pre-ejection period. PMID- 1130655 TI - Simplified methods for the examination of liver lipids. I. Determination of vitamin A in liver using a direct solvent extraction technique. PMID- 1130656 TI - Characterization of large mammalina DNA species sedimented in a reorienting zonal rotor. PMID- 1130657 TI - An assay for free L-fucose in the presence of the bound sugar. PMID- 1130658 TI - A rapid method for determination of ribonucleotide reductase activity. PMID- 1130659 TI - Estimation of molecular weights of small proteins on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1130660 TI - Disc electrophoretic studies of hemoglobin dissociation by p-hydroxymercury benzoate. PMID- 1130661 TI - Quality control during peptide synthesis. I. Quantitative monitoring of resin bound amines. PMID- 1130662 TI - Determination of protein in preparations of microsomes. PMID- 1130663 TI - A mathematical analysis of the incubation time in competitive binding systems. PMID- 1130664 TI - Affinity chromatography of creatine kinase. PMID- 1130665 TI - Lack of interaction between hormonal proteins and synthetic carrier ampholytes (Ampholine). PMID- 1130666 TI - Microanalytical and preparative peptide separations with a modified technicon autoanalyzer. PMID- 1130667 TI - An improved method for the isolation, quantitation, and identification of bile acids in rats feces. PMID- 1130668 TI - A critical reexamination of the reaction of sulfite with DTNB. PMID- 1130669 TI - Isolation of DNA from plant cells by gel filtration on agarose. PMID- 1130670 TI - Magnetic circular dichroism studies XXXIV. Improved instrumentation for MCD measurements. PMID- 1130671 TI - Inactivation of immobilized glucose oxidase by hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 1130672 TI - Purification and fractionation of potato amyloplasts. PMID- 1130673 TI - Simple procedure for isolation of DNA, RNA and protein fractions from cultured animal cells. PMID- 1130674 TI - A new method for estimation of ethylene glycol in biological material. PMID- 1130675 TI - The preparation of a highly purified antibody and a solid-state immunoassay for porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase. PMID- 1130676 TI - Preparational of chromatin from tissue culture cells--a convenient method. PMID- 1130677 TI - An instrumental method for nitrogen-15 and total nitrogen by combined system of mass spectrometer and automatic nitrogen analyzer. PMID- 1130678 TI - A simplified microassay of DNA and RNA using ethidium bromide. PMID- 1130679 TI - Monitoring of solid phase peptide synthesis by an automated spectrophotometric picrate method. PMID- 1130680 TI - Reaction of peptides with fluorescamine on paper after chromatography or electrophoresis. PMID- 1130681 TI - Purification of DNA by affinity chromatography removal of polysaccharide contaminants. PMID- 1130682 TI - Determination of 14C-labeled plasma L+lalpha-alanine specific radioactivity. PMID- 1130683 TI - Rapid determination of inorganic phosphate in biological systems by a highly sensitive photometric method. PMID- 1130684 TI - Isolation of intact individual species of single- and double-stranded RNA after fractionation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1130685 TI - High-resolution preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: fluorescent visualization and electrophoretic elution-concentration of protein bands. PMID- 1130686 TI - Double label counting of metal nuclides with 3H or 14C by liquid scintillation counting. PMID- 1130687 TI - An ensymic method for the preparation of millimole quantities of D(minus)-beta hydroxybutyrate. PMID- 1130688 TI - Affinity gel electrophoresis of polynucleotides. PMID- 1130689 TI - A rapid assay method for hyaluronidase. PMID- 1130690 TI - The conversion of trivalent to divalent iron in hemoglobin of various species. PMID- 1130691 TI - Gas--liquid chromatography of N- and O-acylated neuramic acids. PMID- 1130693 TI - An easy method for plotting v vs v/s in bisubstrate kinetics. PMID- 1130692 TI - Strip chart counting of 32-P in gel electrophoresis strips. PMID- 1130694 TI - Substrate solubilization for the Hummel alpha-chymotrypsin assay. PMID- 1130696 TI - Double labeling: computation program for a desk-top calculator. PMID- 1130695 TI - Adaptation of a fluorescent protein assay for use with cell fractions and homogenates. PMID- 1130697 TI - Computerized liquid scintillation counting data management. 1. Time sequence for decay correction: a key for data storage and retrieval. PMID- 1130698 TI - Use of fluorescamine for the estimation of protein in the presence of detergent Triton X-100. PMID- 1130699 TI - Scattering of light--a serious potential risk in circular dichroism measurements in the far ultraviolet region. PMID- 1130700 TI - Preparation and colorimetric analysis of L-canavaninosuccinic acid. PMID- 1130701 TI - A new method of separation of iodoaminoacids by Biogel P-2 column chromatography. PMID- 1130702 TI - N-methylation of purines and pyrimidines. PMID- 1130703 TI - Fluormetric method for the determination of magnesium in renal tubular fluid. PMID- 1130704 TI - A paper wetness probe for high voltage electrophoresis. PMID- 1130706 TI - The determination of mercury at picogram/litre levels in water with a microwave induced argon plasma emission system. PMID- 1130705 TI - Quantitative analysis of amino acids and peptides in the femtomolar range. PMID- 1130707 TI - A method for the determination of mercury in sediments by the automated cold vapor atomic absorption technique after digestion. PMID- 1130708 TI - [Infrared spectroscopic analysis of thiuramdisulfide fungicides. I. Identification and determination of Thiuram]. PMID- 1130709 TI - [A new method of automatic photometric quantitation of proteins in whole milk. II. Application to constant flow analysis]. PMID- 1130710 TI - The separation and determination of glycolic and malic acids by ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 1130711 TI - Neutron activation analysis for uranium in fossil bones. PMID- 1130712 TI - Colorimetric determination of sulfate in water with barium violurate. PMID- 1130713 TI - A method for the assessment under standard conditions of the output of dichlorvos slow-release units used for insect control. PMID- 1130714 TI - The assay of ephedrine. PMID- 1130715 TI - A modified procedure for the determination of nicotine in blood. PMID- 1130716 TI - Editorial views: Electrosurgery. PMID- 1130717 TI - Acupuncture and placebo: Effects on delaying the terminating response to a painful stimulus. AB - An experiment was performed to determine whether needles inserted into appropriate acupuncture points could delay onset of a pain-terminating response more than needles inserted as placebos into inappropriate points could. A heat source contained in a modified Hardy-Wolff-Goodell dolorimeter was used as a stimulus to produce pain on the posterolateral aspects of the left forearms of volunteer subjects. Subjects pressed a switch as soon as pain was experienced, and the latency between stimulus onset and response was measured to the nearest hundredth of a second. Response latencies were recorded before and after needling, which included electrical stimulation. Needles placed in specific acupuncture points called Ho-Ku and Wai-Kaun delayed onset of the pain terminating response slightly more than needles inserted as placebos. Even with needles in appropriate acupuncture points, analgesia was slight and subjects still experienced pain. PMID- 1130718 TI - Acupuncture compared with 33 per cent nitrous oxide for dental analgesia: A sensory decision theory evaluation. AB - Responses to electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp were obtained in both baseline and test sessions for subjects receiving acupuncture, 33 per cent nitrous oxide, or control conditions. A signal-detection analysis across sessions showed that both treatment groups demonstrated reduced sensitivity to stimulation, and increases in bias against reporting strong stimuli as painful. (Key words: Acupuncture; Anesthetics, gases, nitrous oxide; Measurement techniques, sensory decision theory; Pain, sensory decision theory). PMID- 1130720 TI - Plasma protein binding of thiopental in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function. AB - Binding of thiopental to proteins in plasma from healthy, cirrhotic, and uremic subjects was studied using equilibrium dialysis. In plasma from healthy volunteers 28.0 plus or minus 0.9 per cent of thiopental was unbound. In plasma from patients with hepatic disease 53.0 plus or minus 2.1 per cent was unbound, while in patients with renal disease 55.7 plus or minus 1.5 per cent remained unbound. The decreased binding in uremia could not be explained completely by competitive displacement by nitrogenous end products or by hypoalbuminemia, although hypoalbuminemia may account for the decreased binding in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 1130719 TI - The renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system during cardiac surgery with morphine- nitrous oxide anesthesia. AB - Ten consecutive adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation were anesthetized using morphine (1-3 mg/kg) and nitrous oxide. Pre-bypass plasma renin activity showed a 3.5-fold elevation (P smaller than 0.001) over baseline values. This correlated with maximal blood pressure elevation. Plasma renin activity remained elevated during bypass. High baseline aldosterone levels increased 3.4-fold (P smaller than 0.001) after 15 minutes on bypass and 4.0-fold by the end of bypass. Plasma potassium decreased from 3.9 mEq/1 before bypass to 3.2 mEq/1 (P smaller 0.0001) during bypass, and the fractional urinary excretion of potassium was 32 per cent before bypass with a mean of 34.4 per cent during bypass. Urinary output remained high during bypass despite a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Catecholamine levels showed no significant change. The data suggest that the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system may play a role in blood pressure regulation during cardiopulmonary bypass and may result in the excessive urinary excretion of potassium and decrease in plasma potassium levels. PMID- 1130721 TI - Potencies of doxapram and hypoxia in stimulating carotid-body chemoreceptors and ventilation in anesthetized cats. AB - The effects of doxapram on carotid chemoreceptor activity and on ventilation (phrenic-nerve activity) were tested before and after denervation of the peripheral chemoreceptors in cats. Doxapram was found to be a potent stimulus to the carotid chemoreceptors; the stimulation produced by 1.0 mg/kg doxapram, iv, equalled that produced by a Pao2 of 38 torr. Doxapram also increased phrenic nerve activity in doses as low as 0.2 mg/kg, iv. After denervation of the peripheral chemoreceptors, doxapram in doses as large as 6 mg/kg failed to stimulate ventilation. It is concluded that (in anesthetized cats) doxapram in doses of less than 6 mg/kg increases ventilation by direct stimulation of the carotid, and, probably, the aortic, chemoreceptors, not by a direct effect on the medullary respiratory center. PMID- 1130722 TI - Hemodynamic consequences of the combination of isoflurane anesthesia (1 MAC) and beta-adrenergic blockade in the dog. AB - The hemodynamic response to the combination of isoflurane (1 MAC) and propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) was studied in 12 intact ventilated dogs following basal anesthesia with chloralose-urethane. When propranolol was administered during isoflurane anesthesia, stroke volume was maintained with a higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (3.2 plus or minus 0.7 mm Hg to 6.3 plus or minus 1.4 mm Hg), while systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged. When isoflurane was administered to the previously beta-adrenergically blocked dog, there were declines in systemic pressure and cardiac output (P smaller than 0.01) and in pulmonary arterial pressure and stroke volume (P smaller then 0.05), without change in systemic vascular resistance. When isoflurane was subsequently discontinued, these changes were reversed, and in addition, systemic vascular resistance increased (P smaller than 0.05). These data indicate that isoflurane has pharmacologic properties compatible with a peripheral beta-adrenergic stimulating action. PMID- 1130723 TI - Effects of anesthetics on ponto-geniculo-occipital waves from the oculomotor nucleus of the cat. AB - Effects of anesthetics and doxapram on pontogeniculo-occipital (PGO) waves from the oculomotor nucleus were studied in acute experiments in cats paralyzed by gallamine triethiodide. The anesthetic agents studied in the present experiment (thiopental, ketamine, Innovar, nitrous oxide, and halothane) decreased, while doxapram increased, the total number of PGO waves. As the doses of anesthetics increased, PGO waves were abolished, but they returned to control levels or below control levels when the concentrations of anesthetics were decreased. The results indicate that the anesthetics studied inhibit the activity of the central mechanism associated with the oculomotor system. PGO waves may prove a useful index of the level of anesthesia. PMID- 1130724 TI - Increased serum bromide concentration after halothane anesthesia in man. AB - Seven healthy male volunteers received 6.6 plus or minus 0.5 (SE) per cent-hours of halothane-oxygen anesthesia without surgery. Serum bromide concentrations increased from 0.6 plus or minus 0.1 before anesthesia to 2.9 plus or minus 0.2 mEq/l on the second day after anesthesia. On the ninth day serum bromide was still elevated to 2.5 plus or minus 0.1 mEq/l. These bromide concentrations represent psychoactive levels and may account for previously recognized prolonged changes in mood and intellectual function after halothane. Plasma and urinary fluoride concentrations did not increase significantly. PMID- 1130725 TI - Critique: occupational disease among operating room personnel. PMID- 1130726 TI - Progressive changes in the concentrations of phenol and glycerine in the human subarachnoid space. PMID- 1130727 TI - Pancuronium and the patient with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 1130728 TI - A simple method to determine patency of the ulnar artery intraoperatively prior to radial-artery cannulation. PMID- 1130729 TI - Soda-lime dust contamination of breathing circuits. AB - A case report of soda-lime dust contamination of the breathing circuit of an anesthesia machine causing bronchospasm in a patient is presented. Various factors in absorber design and increased dusting of soda lime due to high-flow techniques and lack of wetting are described. A modification of the Fraser Sweatman absorber leading the fresh gas into an area free of dust accumulation has resulted in near-complete elimination of the problem. PMID- 1130730 TI - Anesthetic management of a patient with dystonia musculorum deformans. PMID- 1130731 TI - A new technique for inserting nasogastric tubes during anesthesia. PMID- 1130732 TI - Persistent parkinsonism following neuroleptanalgesia. PMID- 1130733 TI - Nitrous oxide and pressures and volumes of high- and low-pressure endotracheal tube cuffs in intubated patients. PMID- 1130734 TI - Correspondence: Electrosurgery burns. PMID- 1130735 TI - CSF . . . neural urine or more? PMID- 1130736 TI - The anesthetic effect of air at atmospheric pressure. AB - Nitrogen has recognized narcotic potential at hyperbaric pressures. No narcotic effect of helium has been demonstrated at any pressure. We evaluated the effect of nitrogen in air at one atmosphere on human performance by comparing it with helium-oxygen using a four-alternative divided-attention task that requires rapid response to auditory and visual signal changes. There was a 9.3 per cent decrease in response time when subjects breathed helium-oxygen, a signigicant change (P less than 0.001). This change could not be ascribed to practice since the order of presentation of gases did not have a significant effect. It concluded that the nitrogen in ambient air slightly but measurable impairs human performance compared with a non-anesthetic gas such as helium. PMID- 1130737 TI - Neuromuscular blocking effects of succinylcholine in infants and children. AB - The neuromuscular blocking effects and recovery times following two doses of succinylcholine on a weight basis were evaluated in 16 infants and 16 children. Infants had less profound neuromuscular blockade than children at both 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg doses. Succinylcholine, 1 mg/kg, in infants produced blockade equal to that produced by 0.5 mg/kg in children; at these equipotent doses there was no statistically significant difference between the times to recover to 10 and 90 per cent neuromuscular transmission in the two groups. However, the rate of recovery from 50 per cent neuromuscular transmission to 90 per cent neuromuscular transmission was 69.1 per cent/min in children, as opposed to 46.4 per cent/min in infants. When dosage was calculated on a surface area basis, there was a linear relationship for infants and children as a single group between the log dose and the times to recover to 50 and 90 per cent neuromuscular transmission. Similarly, there was a linear relationship between the log dose (mg/m2) and the maximum intensity of neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 1130738 TI - Intravenous delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: Effects of ventilatory control and cardiovascular dynamics. AB - Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of marijuana, was studies to determine whether it might be useful for preanesthetic medication. Ten healthy subjects received THC intravenously in logarithmically spaced incremental doses. Four subjects received a total cumulatine dose of 135 mug/kg and four others, 201 mug/kg, Two of the ten subjects discontinued the study because of anxiety reactions. Ventilatory minute volume at a controlled elevated CO2 tension, 48 plus or minus 2 (SD) torr, changed minimally with TCH, -0.49 1/min/50 per cent increase in dose. TCH shifted the ventilatory response to CO22.7 torr destrad at 20 1/min without a change in slope. Dose-related tachycardia was the most marked cardiovascular effect. Heart rates increased to more than 100/min in five of six subjects. Cardiac index increased from 4.04 plus or minus 0.62 1/min/m-2 before TCH to 6.92 plus or minus 2.34 1/min/m-2 after 134 mug/kg. Mean arterial pressure increased slightly, and total peripheral resistance fell. The cardiovascular changes suggest beta-adrenergic stimulation. Intense mental effects and anxiety prohibited higher THC doses. PMID- 1130740 TI - Newborn blood levels of lidocaine and mepivacaine in the first postnatal day following maternal epidural anesthesia. AB - Distribution and elimination of lidocaine and mepivacaine were studies in 114 subjects after obstetric epidural anesthesia, Epinephrine significantly lowered the concentrations of lidocaine in the mothers' circulations by about 33 per cent, and the concentrations of mepivacaine by about 22 per cent. It also significantly altered their concentrations in the newborns' circulations at delivery and in the first 4 hours after birth. More mepivacaine than lidocaine crossed the placenta. The mepivacaine concentration in the cord blood was 36 to 47 per cent higher, and the mean fetal to maternal ratio for mepivacaine without epinephrine was 0.64, in contrast to 0.52 for the equivalent lidocaine group. Of importance was the long persistance of either drug in the newborns' circulation. Detectable levels of lidocaine and mepivacaine were present until 8 and 24 hours after birth, respectively. Pharmacokinetic models revealed that the long-term rate of disappearance of lidocaine was approximately three times as fast as that of mepivacaine. Computed half-times averaged 3 hours for lidocaine and 9 hours for mepivacaine. PMID- 1130739 TI - Decamethonium and serum potassium in man. AB - Decamethonium and succinylcholine were used to study the effects of depolarizing muscle relaxants on serum potassium in 60 patinets, free of neuromuscular disease, during major orthopedic surgery. Significant increases in serum K+ were found after administration of decamethonium or succinylcholine in the usual clinical doses. The abnormal elevations of serum K+ found in patients with burns, massive trauma, or muscle denervation are thus accentuations of the process that occurs in normal man following use of these depolarizing drugs. The administration of any depolarizing agent to these abnormal patient groups would, therefore, appear contraindicated. PMID- 1130741 TI - Neurokinetics of lidocaine in the infraorbital nerve of the rat in vivo: Relation to sensory block. AB - The kinetics of neural uptake and efflux of lidocaine hydrochloride were studies by means of a standardized technique for blocking the intraorbital nerve of the rat, using a palatal jig. Following injection of 14-C-labeled local anesthetic, groups of ten animals were saccraficed at incipient recovery from sensory block or at othertimes. The nerves were weighed and assayed for radioactivity. The lengths of nerve containing high levels of lidocaine varied inversely with the times elapsed since onset of block. In experiments where a fixed quantity (2 mg) drug was injected, the incidence of block 2 hours later was concentrated dependent, occuring in 80 per cent of animals after 2 per cent, in 40 per cent after 1 per cent, and in none after 0.5 per cent lidocaine. Epinephrine, 1:200,000, prolonged by 80 per cent the block effected with 0.2 ml of 1 per cent lidocaine. At the onset of recovery the neural contents of lidocaine at the sites of injection were 484 plus or minus 404 ng/mg of nerve in epinephrine-treated nerves, and 274 plus or minus 218 ng/mg in nonepinephrine-treated nerved (N.S., P greater than 0.05). Quantitative comparisons of in-vivo effectiveness of local anesthetic solutions can be made with this technique. PMID- 1130742 TI - Lidocaine effects on brain mitochondrial metabolism in vitro. AB - Both lidocaine and anoxia inhibit rapid axonal transport. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of this action of lidocaine, its effect on mitochondrial respiration was studies. The local anesthetic produces a dose-dependent inhibition of oxygen consumption (50 per cent inhibition at 8mM) by porcine brain mitochondria when glutamate, but not when succinate, serves as the substrate. This indicates electron transport is blocked at the NADH dehydrogenase level. Potent uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is observed with both substrates. All of the effects are readily reversible upon removal of the anesthetic. It is concluded that lidocaine apparently inhibits rapid axonal transport by depressing oxidative metabolism. PMID- 1130743 TI - Normal hemoglobin-oxygen affinity. AB - Hemoglobin-xoygen affinity is known to vary in a number of disease states. The authors measured the continuous affinity of blood from healthy subjects and, using mathematical data reduction techniques, calculated coefficients for rational function models of average normal affinity, plus or minus 2 standard deviations, and 95 per cent confidence limits. Average normal P50 was 27.10 torr, with a two-standard-deviation range of 25.85 to 28.35; P50s of the 95 per cent confidence limits were 26.69 and 27.53 torr. The affinity usually accepted as standard lay between or very near to the 95% confidence limits of normal throughout its range. It is concluded that the range of normal affinity is narrow and that, for most practical purposes, standard affinity adequately represents normal affinity. There should be little difficulty in distinguishing from normal the shifts that occur in certain disease conditions. PMID- 1130744 TI - Narcotic analgesics in anuric patients. PMID- 1130745 TI - Pancuronium and intraocular pressure. PMID- 1130747 TI - Determining patency of palmar arches by retrograde radial pulsation. AB - The patency of palmar arches must be ascertained before radial-artery cannulation is performed. A simple test in which digital pulsation is felt after proximal occlusion of the radial artery has been devised for that purpose. The method is reliable, does not require active patient cooperation, and can be carried out in all clinical situations where the radial artery can be felt. PMID- 1130746 TI - Velocity of tracheal mucus in anesthetized women undergoing gynecologic surgery. PMID- 1130748 TI - Letter: The critical coronary disease patient. PMID- 1130749 TI - The critical coronary disease patient. PMID- 1130750 TI - The competing risks of tuberculosis and hepatitis for adult tuberculin reactors. PMID- 1130751 TI - Comparison of proteolytic enzyme activity in pulmonary alveolar macrophages and blood leukocytes in smokers and nonsmokers. AB - Proteolysis (or more specifically, elastolysis) of the lung may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. To investigate the human alveolar macrophage as a potential mediator of lung damage, elastase-like esterase and protease activity was determined in these cells as well as in alveolar lavage fluid and in peripheral blood leukocytes. Bronchoalveolar lavage was used to obtain alveolar cells and fluid in normal volunteers who were divided into two groups according to cigarette smoking history, nonsmokers and smokers. Results of these studies revealed that human alveolar macrophages possess a high activity of both elastase-like esterase and protease. Furthermore, the alveolar macrophages of cigarette smokers has a significantly greater elastase-like esterase and protease activity than those of nonsmokers. When the 4- to 5-fold increase in the number of macrophages found cigaretts smokers is taken into account there was approximately 10 times more elastase-like esterase activity and 18 times more protease activity within macrophages in the alveolar spaces of cigarette smokers' lungs. This makes the alveolar macrophage a poten potential source of proteolytic enzymes in man. PMID- 1130752 TI - Predictability of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in ragweed pollenosis. AB - The radioallergosorbent test was compared with currently accepted allergy diagnostic techniques in ragweed-sensitive and unselected patients. The radioallergosorbent test was positive in 28 of 30 patients with proved histories, positive scratch tests, and positive nasal provation tests to ragweed. The radioallergosorbent test was also positive in 69 per cent of 40 clinically sensitive patients whose diagnoses were corroborated by scratch tests alone. In unselected patients evaluated by intracutaneous testing with short ragweed extract, 10 minus 3 g per ml, the incidence of positive radioallergosorbent test scores was reduced to 43 per cent. No false positive results were encountered in these studies. A good relationship was observed between radioallergosorbent test scores and the maximal tolerable dose of ragweed administered during a course of "rush" immunotherapy in clinically allergic patients. These results suggest that the radioallergosorbent test has several unique advantages in assessing clinical sensitivity to ragweed. PMID- 1130753 TI - Open thoracotomy for pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis. AB - The results of open thoractomy and pleurectomy or pleural abrasion for 17 episodes of pneumothorax in patients with cystic fibrosis were compared with the results of observation, closed thoracostomy, and closed thoracostomy with sclerosing agents. Open thoracotomy had the advantage of insuring prompt resolution of the pneumothorax. A small incision minimized postoperative morbidity. The average hospital stay was 15 days after open thoracotomy and 19 days after closed thoracostomy, with or without sclerosing agents. Complications of all treatments were infrequent. A limited symptomatic recurrence was observed in 2 of 17 pneumothoraces successfully treated with open thoracotomy. Recurrence also occurred in 1 of 8 treated with observation, 3 of 9 treated with closed thoracostomy, and 1 of 14 treated with closed thoracostomy and sclerosing agents. A loss of vital capacity was usually noted 4 to 18 months after resolution, regardless of treatment. Forty per cent of patients in both operative and nonoperative groups survived 3 years. In our experience, open thoracotomy can be used safely for treatment of unresolved or recurrent pneumothorax and warrants further evaluation as a primary therapy for pneumothorax in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 1130754 TI - Functional abnormalities in young asymptomatic smokers with special reference to flow volume curves breathing various gases. AB - Functional abnormalities have been described in healthy, asymptomatic young smokers. Fifteen subjects between 22 and 30 years of age, who smoked but were completely asymptomatic, were compared with 10 nonsmokers of the same age group using lung volumes, maximal expiratory flow rates, closing volumes, and maximal expiratory flow volume curves breathing air and a helium-oxygen mixture. Lower maximal mid-expiratory flow rates, higher closing volumes, and significant differences in flow volume curves with the helium-oxygen mixture were found in smokers. Special attention was given to the volume expressed as percentage of vital capacity at which the flows with air and the helium-oxygen mixture were equal for each subject ("equal-flow volume"). This volume was found to be significantly higher for smokers than nonsmokers. The authors offer explanations for these differences and suggest that smoking may alter compliance, as reflected by abnormal closing volumes, and resistance of the small airways as determined by differing responses in flow rates after helium-oxygen breathing at low volumes. PMID- 1130755 TI - Response to exercise in upper airway obstruction. AB - Mild excerice in 7 patients with upper airway obstruction but without diffuse lung disease caused a mean decrease in arterial oxygen tension of 11 mm Hg. Exercise hypoxemia disappeared after surgical removal of obstruction in 3 patients tested. Exercise hypoxemia due to relative alveolar hypoventilation was observed in 4 normal subjects with external combined inspiratory and expiratory resistance. Analysis of mechanics of air flow through an orifice suggests that exertional dyspnea is caused by manifold increase of airway resistance during exercise; acute respiratory failure might be precipitated by further minimal reduction in airway lumen once it has reached a diameter of 8 mm. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of upper airway obstruction in any symptomatic patient who has had tracheal intubation or in patients with obscure wheezing, especially on exercise. PMID- 1130756 TI - Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Oklahoma, 1965 to 1973. AB - Three hundred seventy cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were reported to the Oklahoma State Department of Health between January 1, 1965 and December 31, 1973. The annual number of cases reported showed no tendency to decrease with time. A greater proportion of cases reported in recent years had bacteriologic confirmation. When compared to the distribution of all newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in the population, a greater proportion of newly diagnosed cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurred in nonwhites. This was especially true to tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous lymphadenitis, and miliary tuberculosis. Possible reasons for the failure of the number of newly reported cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis to decrease in recent years are presented. PMID- 1130757 TI - Frankenstein, Pickwick, and Ondine. PMID- 1130759 TI - Letter: Infectivity of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in inner city homes. PMID- 1130758 TI - Histochemical demonstration of hyaluronic acid in a case of pleural mesothelioma. PMID- 1130760 TI - Letter: Anterior cervical infections: complications of transtracheal aspirations. PMID- 1130761 TI - Letter: Isoniazid and the liver. PMID- 1130762 TI - Antibiotics as an aid in the prevention of infections after peripheral arterial surgery. AB - Patients having arterial reconstructive operations appear to have a comparatively high attack rate of hospital-acquired infections. A protocol for administration of antibiotic prophylaxis to such patients was designed to minimize major adverse effects while evaluating the effect on attack rate of hospital acquired infections. Short intensive therapy with an appropriate antibiotic during a period of time surrounding the operative procedure itself is emphasized. The attack rate of nosocomial infections declined from approximately 12 to approximately 3 per cent and wound infections occurred in only seven of 811 patients. Administration of antibiotics according to this protocol appears to reduce the expected attack rate of nosocomial infections. PMID- 1130764 TI - Mechanism of heightened tumor immunity induced by cryosurgery. AB - Sarcoma-bearing mice treated with cryosurgery demonstrated significantly greater tumor immunity (as measured by lymphocytoxicity assays) than untreated tumor bearing mice (p less than .001). However, cryosurgically treated mice did not show greater cytotoxicity than tumor-bearing and tumor-amputated mice which were treated with frozen exogenous tumor antigen. These results suggested that the mechanism by which cryosurgery stimulates systemic tumor immunity is through the release of antigen from the neoplasm. Thus, tumor-bearing mice treated with cryosurgery in these experiments underwent definitive ablative therapy while at the same time they received active tumor immunotherapy. PMID- 1130763 TI - Treatment of surgical infections with tobramcin. AB - A survey of the safety and effectiveness of tobramycin, a newly developed aminoglycoside antibiotic, was assessed in 116 septic surgical patients. For comparison, the final 52 cases were randomized with 51 similarly infected patients who were treated with gentamicin. The two antibiotics gave equally good results when evaluated bacteriologically and clinically. Nevertheless, gram negative infections appeared more likely to be susceptible to tobramycin than to gentamicin. No toxicity to the liver or bone marrow was observed. Although there were 13 cases of nephrotoxicity and 4 of ototoxicity, only one instance of such an adverse drug reaction could be attributed to parenterally administered aminoglycoside alone. In fact, topical neomycin and established renal damage caused by prior episodes of shock or dehydration appeared to be significantly more responsible for such adverse effects. PMID- 1130765 TI - Projectile injuries from rotary power lawn mowers. AB - Two case reports of projectile injuries to bystanders from rotary power lawn mowers are presented. The surgeon must think in terms of entrance and exit wounds and tentative trajectory. Roentgenograms are invaluable. Treatment follows the same surgical principles that are applicable to civilian gunshot wound. PMID- 1130766 TI - Upper gastrointestinal fiberendoscopy: an analysis of 100 consecutive procedures. AB - Upper gastrointestinal fiberendoscopy has significantly advanced the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of physicians as seen in this study of 100 consecutive examinations. The indications for this procedure in the areas of diagnosis, confirmation follow-up, and treatment are reviewed and evaluated. Materials and methodology are described. PMID- 1130767 TI - Pittsburgh tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy study: differences from earlier studies and problems of execution. PMID- 1130768 TI - Collaborative studies. PMID- 1130769 TI - Involvement of a prepaid health plan in prospective studies on tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. PMID- 1130770 TI - Obstructive adenoids in relation to otitis media. PMID- 1130771 TI - Effect of upper airway obstruction on the lower airway and cardiovascular system. PMID- 1130772 TI - Effect of diseases of tonsils and adenoids on dentofacial morphology. PMID- 1130773 TI - Roentgencephalometric studies of tonsils and adenoids in normal and pathologic states. PMID- 1130774 TI - The speech pathologist looks at the tonsils and the adenoids. PMID- 1130775 TI - Diseases of the tonsils and adenoids in relation to rhinitis and sinusitis. PMID- 1130776 TI - Workshop on tonxillectomy and adenidectomy. Reports of subcommittees. PMID- 1130777 TI - Workshop on tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. conclusions and recommendations. PMID- 1130778 TI - Structure of the avian tectorial membrane. AB - The avian tectorial membrane is a thick massive-appearing structure permeated by cavities, which probably facilitate the diffusion of endolymph. As revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the cavities are arranged in a characteristic honeycomb-like pattern and each hair bundle is enclosed in an alveolus. The open ends of the alveoli show the impressions of sensory hairs on one side. The rims about the cavities are attached to the microvilli of the supporting cells by means of fibrous material. These morphological aspects are compared with those reptiles and mammals, and the functional significance of the fibrillar anchors is discussed. PMID- 1130779 TI - Silastic and gelatin film sheeting in tympanoplasty. AB - In 78 patients, representing 10% of the most severe case of chronic otitis media and in whom the mucosa from the promontory had been removed or severely damaged, the promontory was covered in one-stage mastoidectomy-tympanoplasty with a large piece of thin silastic or of Gelfilm. The results in the silastic group, comprising 50 patients, and in the Gelfilm group, comprising 28 patients, were compared on the basis of various criteria. The results proved better in the Gelfilm group. In particular, the percentage of recurrent perforations was considerably lower than in the silastic group. In one-stage operations, which we prefer, it is therefore recommended to use Gelfilm rather that silastic. PMID- 1130780 TI - Visual suppression of vestibular nystagmus after cerebellar lesions. AB - Visual suppression of calorically induced vestibular nystagmus was observed following discrete lesions of various structures in the cerebellum. Unilateral lesions of the flocculus resulted in a complete loss or a significant reduction in visual suppression when the quick phase of the nystagmus was directed to the ipsilateral side of the lesions, and bilateral flocculus lesions caused a bilateral loss of suppression. Nodulus lesions resulted in a loss of suppression, and this loss tended to recover in time. Lesions of the dentate nucleus resulted in a very short term loss of suppression. Extirpation or lesions of the uvula, vermis, para-flocculus, cerebellar cortex, or the fastigial or interpositus nuclei had no observed effect on the visual suppression of vestibular nystagmus. The results of this study suggest that the flocculus and nodulus function as intermediators through which the visual system can modify or alter vestibular reflexes. Also, this phenomenon, that is, loss of visual suppression after the flocculus and nodulus lesion, is very useful to diagnose the localized lesion in the cerebellum. PMID- 1130781 TI - Chordomas: nasopharyngeal presentation and atypical long survival. AB - Atypical clinical and pathological features of a cranio-cervical chordomas have prompted a review of these neoplasms at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Contrary to prior investigations, 92% of the spheno-occipital chordomas reported in this study clinically presented with a nasopharyngeal or intranasal mass. This high incidence indicates the requirement for an otorhinologic examination on all patients presenting with the neuro-ophthalmologic syndrome and roentgenologic findings characteristic of chordomas in this anatomical region. Special attenion is called to a histologically distinctive variant of chordoma - the "chondroid chordoma.' Apparently restricted to the cranio-cervical region, this variant has been associated with long survival. PMID- 1130782 TI - A tympanometric pressure swallow test for assessment of eustachian tube function. AB - Normal Eustachian tube function is necessary for maintaining healthy middle ear conditions. A tympanometric pressure swallow test is proposed which can be used to assess Eustachian tube function behind an intact tympanic membrane. In general, after recording a baseline tympanogram, mechanically created positive and negative air pressures are created in a hermetically sealed ear canal causing increased pressure on the middle ear air cushion. The patient is then asked to swallow. Preliminary clinical findings in ears with apparent normal Eustachian tube function show that a shift in the peak pressure point of the tympanogram occurs when the tympanogram is recorded again, implying that the Eustachian tube opens and equalizes middle ear air pressure. Positive canal pressure swallow maneuvers show a peak pressure shift to a negative value, whereas negative pressure swallow maneuvers show a peak pressure shift to a positive value. PMID- 1130783 TI - Effect of microaerosol inhalation on the pattern of breathing. AB - Microaerosol stimulation of the trachea and bronchi appears to have no effect on the pattern of breathing. However, laryngeal stimulation with microaerosol produces consistent changes characterized by slowing of the inspiratory effort. The reflex response can be abolished by either bilateral superior laryngeal nerve section or topical anesthesia of the laryngeal mucous membranes. Nasal stiumulation with saline microaerosol results in marked slowing of inspiration. This response can also be blocked by topical anesthesia of the nasal mucosa. The decreased breathing rate results from both increased t insp. and t exp. During inspiration the build-up phrenic discharge activity, the phrenic slope, decreases. The phrenic peak, however, remains unchanged. The nose and larynx, therefore, appear to play significant roles in the modification of the breathing pattern in response to a nonirritating solution delivered as a microaersol. Slower breathing, relexly produced in the human being by such a method, might benefit partial airway obstruction by reducing turbulence and therefore the work of breathing. It is speculated that in a marginally competent upper airway, this benefit might be a critical factor in survival. PMID- 1130784 TI - Giant cell tumor of the spenoid bone. AB - The clinical features of the giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone have been discussed and a case report has been added to the fourteen cases reported in the literature. Such cases may first report to an ophthalmologist, an otolaryngologist, a neurologist, or an internist. They should consider this condition in a patient who complains of headache, ocular symptoms such as diplopia, and diminution of vision progressing to complete blindness. The presence of multiple cranial nerve palsies involving II, III, IV, V, and VI nerves in various combinations and the sellar erosion in the lateral x-ray of the skull are quite suggestive of this tumor which should be confirmed by biopsy. The telecobalt therapy appears to give the best results. PMID- 1130785 TI - Disconjugate eye movements during electronstagmographic testing in patients with known central nervous system lesions. AB - A tacit assumption underlying current ENG testing is that the eyes move conjugately. However, considering the intricate neuroanotomical pathways within the ocular motor system in addition to the elaborate vestibulo-ocular connections, we think it reasonable that disconjugate eye movements may result with certain CNS lesions. Recently we have employed independent eye movement measuring techniques in order to assess the movement of each eye separately during our ENG valuations. The preliminary work has revealed that disconjugate eye movements occurred even with extra-axial lesions which spared the medial longitudinal fasciculus. These data may be valuable for the neurotologist with regard to differential diagnosis and prescription of a treatment plan for the patient. The eye movement patterns of patients with confirmed CNS lesions and other interesting findings are presented. PMID- 1130786 TI - Brain step tumor and otoneurologic manifestations: report of a case with autopsy. AB - The otoneurologic findings in a 30-year-old male patient who died of a brain stem tumor have been correlated with the histopathology of the temporal bones and brain. The patient was examined on two occasions. A sensorineural hearing loss, which was moderate in the right ear and mild in the left ear, was found. Abnormal vestibular function, indicative of central pathology, was also demonstrated. The right side of the medulla oblongata and pons was largely replaced by the tumor. The cochlear and vestibular nuclei and their connecting fibers were involved with the tumor. Histopathological changes were more prominent in the right cochlea and VII nerve than in the left and were minimal in the vestibular portion of the labyrinths. The otoneurological finding suggested a central nervous system (CNS) lesion, and the morphologic observations confirmed the central origin of the symptoms and signs. Manifestations of lesions of the central auditory and vestibular pathways are discussed. PMID- 1130787 TI - Thermodynamic relationships among cytochrome b k, cytochrome b t, and ubiquinone in mitochondria. PMID- 1130789 TI - Characterization of acetylcholine receptor-rich and acetylcholinesterase-rich membrane particles from Torpedo californica electroplax. PMID- 1130788 TI - The effects of starvation and temperature acclimation on pentose phosphate pathway dehydrogenases in brook trout liver. PMID- 1130790 TI - Synthesis of the mannosyl-O-serine (threonine) linkage of glycoproteins from polyisoprenylphosphate mannose in yeast (Hansenula holstii). PMID- 1130791 TI - On the structure-activity relationships and mechanism of organotin induced, nonenergy dependent swelling of liver mitochondria. PMID- 1130792 TI - Compartmentation of enzymes in the rat liver mitochondrial matrix. PMID- 1130793 TI - A second form of actin: platelet microfilaments depolymerized by ATP and divalent cations. PMID- 1130794 TI - The interaction of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate with tubulin: a site independent of the colchicine-binding site. PMID- 1130795 TI - Optimal conditions for studies of amino acid incorporation in vitro by isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria. PMID- 1130796 TI - Control of the formation of ribonucleic acid in yeast: synthesis of ribonucleic acid in a nuclear fraction of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. PMID- 1130797 TI - Chloroplast biogenesis. Biosynthesis and accumulation of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monoester and other metalloporphyrins by isolated etioplasts and developing chloroplasts. PMID- 1130798 TI - Proff of a law for calculating absorption of light by cellular suspensions. PMID- 1130799 TI - Lecithin synthesis during microbody biogenesis in watermelon cotyledons. PMID- 1130800 TI - Equilibrium dialysis and circular dichroic analysis of the novobiocin-human serum albumin complex. PMID- 1130801 TI - The fragmentation of actin by thrombin. Isolation and characterization of the split products. PMID- 1130802 TI - Tachyphylaxis to the action of topically applied corticosteroids. AB - A previously unrecognized pharmacological event, acute tolerance to the vasoconstrictive action of topically applied glucocorticosteroids, has been discovered in human skin. Thus, potent topical glucocorticosteroids will cause vasoconstriction when first applied to human skin but with subsequent applications the production of vasoconstriction rapidly diminishes. However, after a rest period of a few days, the same initial vasoconstrictive effect may be produced again, but this will also disappear if the steroid is again continued topically. These observations have important applications to optimum timing in the clinical topical use of glucocorticosteroids for maximum therapeutic advantage. PMID- 1130804 TI - Adamantinoid basal cell epithelioma. A histological variant. AB - Twenty-three instances of a histological variant of basal cell epithelioma are presented for the first time in the American literature, to our knowledge. This variant has been termed adamantinoid basal cell epithelioma because of its histological resemblance to adamantinoma (ameloblastoma) of the oral cavity. PMID- 1130803 TI - Multiple basal cell carcinoma and internal malignant tumors. AB - One hundred ninety-six patients with multiple basal cell carcinoma were studied to clarify the relationship between multiple basal cell carcinoma and internal malignant neoplasms. No substantial deviations between the expected number and the observed number of cases of internal malignant neoplasms were found. On examination of patients who had histories of arsenic intake, a markedly high number of internal tumors were found in women but not in men. The figures are too low to prove that arsenic treatment can cause an increase in the incidence of internal malignant neoplasm, but they do indicate that more comprehensive studies are needed. PMID- 1130805 TI - Multiple primary cutaneous melanomas. AB - Of 1,444 patients with primary cutaneous melanomas, 57 (3.9%) developed more than one. Most had two primary lesions but one had six. Every effort was made to insure that all melanomas were primary tumors. Most patients developed new primary melanonas within five years of the original operation, but an appreciable number developed them many years later. In the largest group, second and subsequent primary tumors developed in different areas of the body at later times. The subsequent tumors were not diagnosed at an earlier biological stage than the original tumors. Patients with primary cutaneous melanoma should be made aware of increased risk of developing another primary melanoma and physicians should do careful examinations for new primary melanomas as well as for recurrences of the original melanoma. PMID- 1130806 TI - Psoriasis on tumor. AB - Indicators of the relative contribution of epidermis and dermis to the pathogenesis of psoriasis may be obtained from clinical observation. We studied a case of clinically characteristic and histologically identifiable plaque of chronic psoriasis occurring over transitional cell carcinoma metastatic to the dermis. The tumor substantially replaced the usual fibrous structure of the dermis, showing that a normally structured dermis is not requisite for the presence of psoriasis. PMID- 1130808 TI - The importance of being visually literate. Observations on the art and science of making a morphological diagnosis in dermatology. AB - Morphology (or living gross pathology) is being neglected in contemporary dermatology. It is high time for a renaissance of the teaching of the art and science of seeing, so that students, residents, and physicians can learn about basic morphological changes in the skin, the raison d'etre of the speciality of dermatology. How do we see? How can what we see be recorded? What do these recordings tell us when applied to morphological diagnosis? Basing my arguments on the studies of Thomas and others, I will discuss the significance of how much a physician actually sees, the effect of certain emotional states and blind spots, the ability to synthesize visually, and the influence of prior knowledge. PMID- 1130807 TI - Candidiasis and multiple endocrinopathy. With oral squamous cell carcinoma complications. AB - A 26-year-old man having multiple endocrinopathy (pernicious anemia, hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, gonadal failure, and diabetes mellitus) and chronic candidiasis developed several rapidly growing primary tumors on the oral mucosa. Histologically, the tumors appeared to be very well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Yet, in spite of all therapeutic attempts, the tumors rapidly progressed and within eight months resulted in disseminated carcinomatosis and death. At autopsy the patient was found to have had a miniscule dysplastic thymus. It is postulated that in chronic candidiasis and polyendocrinopathy a defect may exist in immunologic cellular surveillance for recognition and destruction of aberrant cells. PMID- 1130809 TI - Survey of malpractice claims in dermatology. AB - A statistical survey of malpractice claims asserted against dermatologists was made. The subject matter of the claims was divided into eight major categories: (1) drug reactions, (2) x-ray burns, (3) poor cosmetic result following surgery, (4) poor cosmetic result following medication, (5) failure to diagnose cancer, (6) improper diagnosis, (7) infection from treatment, and (8) miscellaneous. The study showed that a group of "serious" damage cases, which accounted for 34% of total claims, generated 94% of total dollar losses. The problem areas for malpractice claims appeared to be drug reactions, cosmetic chemosurgery, and failure to diagnose cancer. PMID- 1130810 TI - Letter: Kaposi sarcoma. PMID- 1130811 TI - Letter: Nocardia brasiliensis mycetoma: treatment with co-trimoxazole. PMID- 1130812 TI - Letter: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. PMID- 1130813 TI - Letter: Paraben-induced dermatitis. PMID- 1130814 TI - Letter: Toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 1130815 TI - Long-term prognosis in children with recurrent abdominal pain. AB - The present study is a follow-up of 34 cases admitted to a paediatric department with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in 1942 and 1943. 45 persons without a history of RAP were selected at random and included as controls. Using a questionnaire, there was a higher incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms among persons with a history of RAP during childhood than among controls (P less than 0.05). 18 of the original 34 cases who still had symptoms were re-examined; 11 had a clinical picture consistent with a diagnosis of irritable colon, 5 had a picture compatible with both irritable colon and peptic ulcer/gastritis, and 2 had duodenal ulcer. Abdominal pains occurred no more frequently among children of parents who had had RAP during childhood than among children of parents without such a history. However, there was a higher incidence of abdominal pain among children of parents who were complaining of abdominal discomfort at the time of the investigation than among children whose parents were without such symptoms (P less than 0.005). PMID- 1130816 TI - Childhood organic neurological disease presenting as psychiatric disorder. AB - Over a period of one year 12 children with complaints which had been diagnosed as due to a psychiatric disorder presented to a paediatric neurological unit where neurological disease was diagnosed. The group was characterized by behavioural symptoms such as deteriorating school performance, visual loss, and postural disturbance, which are unusual in children attending child psychiatric departments. It is suggested that where there is diagnostic uncertainty the presence of these physical symptoms calls for periodic neurological reassessment, and attention is drawn to the rare but serious disorders which may thus be diagnosed. Making an organic diagnosis, however, should not preclude psychosocial management of emotional reactions in these families. PMID- 1130817 TI - Neonatal secretion of secretin. AB - The plasma levels of secretin have been measured in mothers after labour, and in their babies at birth and on day 4 of life. The mean cord venous level was higher than the maternal level, and there was a significant correlation between the individual maternal and cord values. The level had again increased by day 4, and at this time the secretin level was inversely proportional to the blood glucose level. PMID- 1130818 TI - Neonatal primary peritonitis in Nigeria. PMID- 1130819 TI - Revised standards for triceps and subscapular skinfolds in British children. AB - Revised centile standards are given for triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements in boys and girls aged from one month to 19 years. The school age data are based on London measurements made in 1966, and the infant data on Midland Infant Welfare Clinic figures in 1966-67. All centiles are above those given in the earlier standards published in 1962, and particularly so in infancy. It is emphasized that the standards represent what is, not what ought to be. PMID- 1130820 TI - Venous thromboembolism in infancy and childhood. AB - A retrospective study of Scottish hospital inpatients aged 15 years or less has revealed, over a 4-year period, 36 cases of venous thrombosis or phlebitis. Of these 10 were considered to have deep venous thrombosis; 2 cases were associated with obvious pulmonary embolism and 2 cases developed chronic venous insufficiency. change in the coding allocations are proposed. There are "high risk" situations in childhood disease in which a diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease should be considered and investigated. PMID- 1130821 TI - Effect of seasonal variation in daylight on bilirubin level in premature infants. AB - The effect of daylight on the serum bilirubin level of preterm infants (birthweight less than 2500 g) during the first 10 days of life was studied in a district of Finland (Oulu, latitude 65 degrees l) with large seasonal variations in the length of daylight (range 3 to 22 h). 86 preterm infants born consecutively during one calendar year were studied in incubators where they were completely exposed except for nappies. A significantly lower bilirubin value from the fifth day of life onwards was recorded ih the group of infants born during the light half of the year, compared with the infants born during the dark half of the year. Only 4 infants developed total bilirubin levels higher than 255 mumol/l in the "light group", as compared with 10 in the "dark group". 2 infants in the light group required exchange transfusion, while 4 in the dark group did. It is concluded than natural light conditions are of importance in the design of wards for newborn infants. PMID- 1130822 TI - Coexistent coeliac disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. PMID- 1130823 TI - The histoid variety of lepromatous leprosy. AB - Three cases of the so-called "histoid variety" of lepromatous leprosy are reported. This variety has definite clinical features, associated with characteristic histological and bacteriological findings. Some of the features presented by our patients are similar to those described originally by Wade, especially the resistance to treatment. Considering the discrepancies existing among the authors which studied the subject, our opinion is that further studies should be done in order to elucidate the controversial points, PMID- 1130824 TI - Nerves and nerve endings in pigmented nevi. Part I. AB - Electron microscopic investigations revealed numerous unmyelinated nerve fibres in different types of pigmented nevi. The structure of these fibres was similar to the cutaneous unmyelinated fibres. Axon terminals were observed between nevus cells and smooth muscle cells, the former proved to be efferent-type free endings. Pure receptor-type endings were rarely seen. The contradiction between the receptor-like construction ov nevic corpuscles and the abundance of the effector-type endings is discussed. PMID- 1130825 TI - Nerves and nerve endings in pigmented nevi. Part II: Uncommon structural varieties. PMID- 1130826 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet light on human chromosomes (author's transl)]. AB - Lymphocytes were cultured in quartz flasks and irradiated by UV light. Time of exposure and moment of application varied. After UV treatment, pulverization of the chromosomes occurred and larger nuclear fragments which might be products of an abnormally proceeding mitosis with chromatin confluence were observed. The usual chromosome aberrations such as breaks, special segments, abnormal chromosomes and polyploidy have been rarely observed, but are found more often in those cultures where pulverization and nuclear fragments are less abundant. A number of mitoses in the irradiated cultures, however, shows no chromosomal aberrations. The ratio of unaffected to unaffected mitoses is dose-dependent. Chromosome fragmentation can result from UV irradiation occurring at any instance during the time of culture. One finds maximum and minimum amounts of damage when a constant dose is applied at various times. PMID- 1130827 TI - [The chemotactic effect of blister roof, blister fluid and blister floor on polymorphonuclear leucocytes in dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring (author's transl)]. AB - The chemotactic response of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to the blister roof, the blister fluid and the floor of the bulla, the underlying papillary dermis with the basement membrnae, were studied by a modified Boyden-assay in four patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. In the same way experimental suction blisters of the peri-lesional skin were investigated. The blister roofs showed no chemotactic activity contrary to the blister fluid and especially the underlying papillary dermis which attracted polymorphonuclear leucocytes in a high degree. PMID- 1130828 TI - [The effect of some solvents on the epidermis (author's transl)]. AB - The ultrastructure of epidermis pretreated with 0,1 N sofium hydroxide, ether ethanol mixture and 0,5 M sodium thioglycolate was studied. Sodium hydroxide dissolves the keratohyalin granules and the inter fibrillar material in the keratin. It has no effect on the epidermal and keratin fibers and on the marginal dense band of the horny cells. It "produces" a keratin pattern in the psoriatic horny layer. After sodium thioglycolate treatment the keratohyalin disappears, the epidermal and keratin fibers show a periodicity and the cementing material in the horny cells is more opaque. After lipid extraction the structure of keratohyalin becomes inhomogenous. The effect is somewhat similar to that of sodium thioglycolate but there is no periodicity in the horny layer. The intercellular contact layers of desmosomes as well as the Selby-Odland bodies disappear after each kind of treatment, The different effect of sodium thioglycolate on the horny layer and on the keratohyalin implies that the material of the keratohyalin and of the cementing substance are not identical. PMID- 1130829 TI - Cholinesterase (ChE) response and related mortality among birds fed ChE inhibitors. AB - Patterns of mortality and inhibition of brain and plasma ChE in birds treated with ChE inhibitors were studied in an attempt to determine the validity of using ChE activity as a monitoring and diagnostic technique. Analysis of brain ChE activity proved to be reliable for diagnosing and monitoring effects of selected ChE inhibitors in birds. Brain ChE inhibition exceeding 20 percent indicated exposure, and inhibition greater than 50 percent was sufficient for diagnosing cause of death. Individuals that died from dietary exposure to parathion-1 or carbofuran had brain ChE activities below 55 percent of normal; although individuals could survive with brain ChE activity lower than 50 percent. Problems associated with collection, storage, and analysis of tissues for ChE activity are discussed. PMID- 1130830 TI - The persistence of ethion and zolone residues on grape folliage in the central valley of California. AB - The hazard of serious intoxication of agricultural field workers by organophosphate insecticide residues has led to the establishment of reentry intervals in California. In the attempt to extend this concept nationally, it has been found that there is a lack of relevant field data for setting of such standards. In an effort to expand knowledge of the relationship between foliar residue levels and occupational hazard, an examination of the persistence and transport of ethion, Zolone, and their oxygen analogs on grape foliage was conducted. Both dislodgeable and penetrated residues were followed for 28 days post-application for both insecticides while soil surface residues were followed for ethion only. A marked difference is seen in the decay rates of the dislodgeable vs. the penetrated residues of ethion, the dislodgeable residues decaying more quickly. This difference is not apparent for Zolone. Of particular significance to worker hazard is the finding that the oxones of both ethion and Zolone in the dislodgeable residues reach a plateau after approximately seven days and do not degrade further by day 28. PMID- 1130831 TI - A multiclass, multiresidue analytical method for determining pesticide residues in air. AB - A multiresidue method for chlorinated, organophosphate and N-methyl carbamate insecticides has been developed for use in the National Air Monitoring Program. The method involves partitioning and extracting the pesticides from the ethylene glycol trapping solvent with methylene chloride followed by fractionation and cleanup by elution through a silica gel column. The chlorinated compounds are determined by electron capture GC, phosphate compounds by flame photometric GC, and carbamates by electron capture GC after derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride. Recovery data and limits of detectability are presented for 11 chlorinated, 7 phosphate, and 7 carbamate pesticides at high and low levels. It is expected that the method will be applicable to many other compounds not successfully determined by the present analytical procedure, and that it may be adaptable for the analysis of pesticide residues in foods and other environmental samples. PMID- 1130832 TI - The effect of mirex on reproduction of Japanesequail and on characteristics of eggs from Japanese quail and chickens. AB - Laying White Leghorn chickens were fed mirex at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 ppm for 12 weeks, and laying Japanese quail were fed mirex at 0, 5, 40, and 80 ppm for 12weeks. The data suggest that dietary mirex at these levels did not affect egg production, egg weight, shell thickness, shell calcium, the proportion of broken eggs, or the proportion of soft-shelled eggs of either chickens or quail. Statistical significance (P greater than 0.05) associated with dietary mirex was detected in the analysis of eggshell weight for chickens; however, because a dose response relationship of shell weight vs. level of mirex fed was not evident, this observation was attributed to chance. The data suggest that dietary mirex did not affect eggshell weight, fertility, or hatchability of quail. Mirex accumulation in eggs and carcasses of both species was proportional to dose and was slightly higher in quail than in chickens. PMID- 1130833 TI - High altitude stress and retinal hemorrhage: relation to vascular headache mechanisms. AB - Retinal hemorrhage occurred in 36% of 39 subjects exposed to altitudes at or above 14,200 feet. In subjects with a history of vascular headaches at sea level, there was a higher incidence of and more severe altitude headache, as well as a higher incidence of retinal hemorrhage than among those previously headache-free. In subjects without altitude headache, none had retinal hemorrhage. In subjects with altitude headache, 42% had retinal hemorrhage. A progressive rise in the incidence of retinal hemorrhage was correlated with progressively greater intensity of altitude headache. Factors that intensified the rate or degree of exposure, including rapid ascent and strenuous exertion, appeared to increase the likelihood of hemorrhage. An optimal balance between acclimatization and subsequent altitude stress appeared to prevent retinal hemorrhage. Increased retinal blood flow, retinal vessel engorgement, increased retinal vein and prevenous capillary pressure, and possibly decreased intraocular pressure may contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal hemorrhage. PMID- 1130834 TI - Responses to cotton dust. AB - Twelve cotton textile workers were studied: (1) to compare standard measures of volume and expiratory flow, maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves, closing volume (CV), and closing capacity (CC) in detection of airway narrowing with cotton dust exposure; (2) to evaluate the response of arterial blood gases to exposure; (3) to measure changes in leukocytes in peripheral blood and airway secretions; and (4) to assess the temporal relationships and correlations between measures. Change in expiratory flow (FEV) most consistently and significantly discriminated between the control and cotton dust exposures. Vmax50%FVC was a more sensitive indicator, but variance was increased proportionately. CV and CC changed inconsistently with relatively large variances. The PaO-2 decreased overall and two subjects had large decrements. Peripheral blood and polymorphonuclear cell counts increased with exposure to cotton dust and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were recruited to the nasal mucosa. Chest tightness and decreased flow were temporally correlated with leukocyte recruitment that may be important in respiratory disease among cotton textile workers and therefore deserves further investigation. PMID- 1130835 TI - Geographic distribution of selenium in human milk. AB - Data were collected on the selenium concentration in human mature milk from a total of 241 subjects who resided in or near cities located in 17 states across the United State. The overall mean value for the selenium content of mature human milk was 0.018 ppm Se. Most of the individual values for selenium in human milk fell within the narrow range of 0.007 to 0.033 ppm Se, yet there was evidence for geographic variations in the selenium content of milk collected from the various cities. PMID- 1130836 TI - Prevention of Ozonide-Induced Heinz Bodies in human Erythrocytes by Vitamin E. AB - Methyl oleate ozonide, a proposed intermediary in ozone intoxication, produced Heinz body inclusions in human erythrocytes at concentrations of from 10-4 to 2 x 10-3 M. Daily oral supplementation with either 100 mg or 200 mg of D-alpha tocopheryl acetate prevented Heinz body formation by methyl oleate ozonide. These observations suggest that the protective effects of vitamin E against ozone produced toxicants occurs in man as well as in animals. PMID- 1130837 TI - Effects of formaldehyde and ozone on the trigeminal nasal sensory system. AB - The effects of formaldehyde and ozone on the electrical activity of the nasopalatine nerve were studied in anesthetized rats. The response (increase in action potential frequency) of nasopalatine and ethmoidal nerves to brief presentations of formaldehyde, ozone, or amyl alcohol was a power function of stimulus concentration. When formaldehyde was presented continuously for one hour, it produced a decrease in nasopalatine nerve response to amyl alcohol that varied directly with the formaldehyde concentrations employed. Perfusion of the nasal cavities with air for one hour following the formaldehyde exposure resulted in a partial recovery of the neural response to amyl alcohol. Ozone exposures of 5 ppm lasting one hour produced an increase in nasopalatine nerve response to amyl alcohol. Air perfusion following the ozone exposure reduced the neural response to amyl alcohol, but not to preexposure levels. PMID- 1130838 TI - Multielement residues in tissues of guinea pigs fed sweet clover grown on fly ash. AB - Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) was harvested from fly ash dumped in a landfill site at Lansing, NY. This clover was chopped, dried, and formulated at 45% into an otherwise purified diet and fed to six guinea pigs for 90 days. Control sweet clover was harvested from gravelly subsoil and processed and fed to another group of guinea pigs for the same period. Samples of fly ash, gravelly subsoil, sweet clover, liver, kidneys, and left-rear gastrocnemius muscle of all guinea pigs were freeze-dried and analyzed for 35 elements by neutron activation analysis. The fly ash contained 28 elements at higher levels than the gravelly subsoil, while the clover harvested from fly ash contained 19 elements in increased amounts over those in the clover harvested from the gravel soil. Growth rate of both groups of guinea pigs was similar. Rubidium and selenium were present at higher levels in the tissues of guinea pigs fed the fly ash clover. PMID- 1130839 TI - Tracheal mucous transport in Beagles after long-term exposure to 1 ppm sulfur dioxide. AB - Tracheal mucous velocity was determined in eight purebred beagle dogs exposed intermittently to 1 ppm sulfur dioxide for 12 months. Three control dogs were also studied. Teflon disks filmed at constant speed through a bronchofiberscope served as indicators of mucous motion. An average of 16 disks were analyzed in each dog. Although there was no significant difference in average velocity for controls and the SO-2-exposed animals, the frequency distribution curve of individual disk velocities in SO-2-exposed dogs revealed significant slowing. No significant differences in mechanics of breathing and gas exchange were found between the two groups. It appears that long-term exposure to low levels of SO-2 produces an impairment of mucociliary activity as one of the first signs of pulmonary dysfunction. PMID- 1130841 TI - Letters to the editor: The no-pest strip. PMID- 1130840 TI - Long-term exposure to sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid mist, fly ash, and their mixtures. Results of Studies in Monkeys and guinea pigs. AB - Groups of cynomolgus monkeys and guinea pigs were exposed to mixtures of sulfur dioxide, fly ash, and sulfuric acid mist. The exposure concentrations varied between 0.1 and 5.0 ppm for sulfur dioxide, 0.1 and 1 mg/cu m for sulfuric acid mist, while a concentration of approximately 0.5 mg/cu m was used for fly ash. The duration of exposure was 52 weeks for guinea-pigs and 78 weeks for monkeys. Pulmonary function tests and serum biochemical and hematological analyses were conducted prior to and periodically during the exposure period. At the termination of exposure, the lungs were examined microscopically. Analysis of the data revealed that in groups exposed to the mixtures of pollutants, sulfuric acid mist was responsible for the effects observed. No synergistic action between the pollutants was detected. PMID- 1130842 TI - Letter: Occupational mortality in relation to exposure. PMID- 1130843 TI - First rib fracture: a hallmark of severe trauma. AB - First rib fractures occurred in 55 patients. This injury is a harbinger of major trauma with 35 patients suffering a major chest injury, and abdominal and cardiac injuries occurring in 18 and eight patients respectively. The mortality associated with this injury was high (36.3%). Neurologic lesions accounted for the majority of deaths, however, unrecognized abdominal injuries and pulmonary complications were significant causes of mortality. Brachial plexus injury (5) and Horner's syndrome (3) occurred in survivors. Three patients had an associated injury of the subclavian artery, and the importance of this association is stressed. One late-developing post-traumatic thoracic outlet syndrome occurred. A fracture of the first rib is a hallmark of severe trauma; its presence should alert the clinician to: 1) generalized massive trauma with abdominal, chest, and cardiac injuries; 2) local injury to the subclavian artery and brachial plexus and; 3) necessity of long-term followup for late-developing sequelae. PMID- 1130844 TI - Effectiveness of peritoneal lavage in blunt abdominal trauma. AB - To analyze the effectiveness of peritoneal lavage and to define its limitations in the evaluation of patients who have sustained blunt abdominal trauma, a prospective study of 500 such patients was undertaken by the Trauma Service at the Naval Hospital, San Diego. Utilizing a qualitative colorometric method to evaluate the degree of hemoperitoneum, patients could rapidly be divided into three clinical groups: strongly positive, weakly positive, and negative. Using this method, patients with a strongly positive peritoneal lavage had a 94% incidence of significant intra-abdominal injuries. In 333 patients with a negative lavage, there was no documented incidence of significant intra-abdominal injuries. Visceral angiography and abdominal echography were utilized in this group of patients to identify those with significant intra-abdominal injuries. By utilizing this approach, there were only eight unnecessary celiotomies in the total group of 500 patients. It is concluded, therefore, that peritoneal lavage is a safe, rapid, and effective means of evaluating patients who have sustained blunt abdominal trauma. PMID- 1130845 TI - Cricopharyngeal myotomy: treatment of dysphagia. AB - Six patients are presented who underwent cricopharyngeus myotomy for dysphagia. The clinical history and cine studies appear to be the most useful assessments in defining patients with dysphagia who may improve after a myotomy. Etiological factors which may precipitate poor coordination of the swallowing mechanism and a relative cricopharyngeus muscle obstruction include neuromuscular disorders, radical oral surgery, central nervous disease, and idiopathic disorders, although the exact physiology of the cricopharyngeus muscle in health and disease is not as yet delineated, the muscle is being implicated in many problems as the inciting factor of upper esophageal dysphagia. The operation of cricopharyngeus myotomy is a relatively simple procedure and should be done with little morbidity and mortality in properly selected cases. PMID- 1130846 TI - Spinal ischemia following abdominal aortic surgery. AB - Serious spinal cord ischemia may follow infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery. Five cases are summarized and added to the 23 previously published cases in order to identify this syndrome, emphasize its importance, and draw attention to the possibility of spontaneous recovery which may occur. The multifactorial complex which comprises each patient's clinical picture clouds a precise and specific cause for paraplegia in these cases. However, neither hypotension, steal phenomena nor emboli are necessary for completion of the syndrome. The relevant spinal cord arterial anatomy indicates that the common anomalies which occur favor development of spinal cord ischemia in the arteriosclerotic population which requires aortic surgery. No means of prevention is possible at this time. PMID- 1130847 TI - Primary peritonitis in infancy and childhood. AB - Primary peritonitis, rarely diagnosed preoperatively, is an uncommon disease accounting for 2.1% of all pediatric abdominal emergencies. It is often associated with urinary or hepatic pathology, the former the source of the infecting organism in the majority of cases, and presents with characteristic symptoms depending upon whether it occurs in infancy or childhood. The symptoms and signs which allow for a positive prospective diagnosis are illustrated by comparing this disease to those entities with which it is most often confused, e.g. diffuse peritonitis of other etiologies, and include a short duration of symptoms, associated urinary tract infection and an absence of free air on abdominal roentgenograms. In the past, gram positive organisms were the most common infecting agent; however, in this series gram negative bacteria accounted for 69% or the organisms. Antibiotics with a gram negative spectrum and exploratory laparotomy with appendectomy are the hallmarks of therapy, the latter replaced by abdominal tap only in the patient who satisfies the criteria for primary peritonitis and in whom an associated disease makes the risk of surgery prohibitive. PMID- 1130848 TI - Amylase clearance in differentiating acute pancreatitis from peptic ulcer with hyperamylasemia. AB - Thirty-four patients with abdominal pain, tenderness, and hyperamylasemia suggesting acute pancreatitis were studied prospectively to elucidate the relationship between peptic ulcer disease and pancreatitis. Confirming evidence of pancreatitis and/or ulcer was obtained either at laparotomy of by upper gastrointestinal roentgenograms. The presence or absence of pancreatitis was substantiated by measurement of the amylase/creatinine clearance ratio, which is significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in patients with acute pancreatitis (9.3 plus or minus 0.9), than in patients without pancreatitis (3.1 plus or minus 0.2). Nine of the 34 patients were found to have gastric or duodenal ulcers. However, seven of the nine, despite an elevated serum amylase, had no sign of pancreatitis at surgery, on radiological examination, or by elevation of the amylase/creatinine clearance ratio (3.1 plus or minus 0.4). It is suggested that hyperamylasemia associated with peptic ulcer disease is most often not indicative of acute pancreatitis and that treatment is most appropriately directed at the ulcer. PMID- 1130849 TI - Cardiopulmonary adjustments following single high dosage administration of methylprednisolone in traumatized man. AB - Pharmacologic doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate were administered to 10 critically ill patients when the steroid was the only variable. Measurements of respiratory and circulatory physiologic parameters were obtained in all patients prior to injection and at 30 and 90 minutes following injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate. A significant increase in Cardiac Index was seen (P less than .01) which appeared to be in association with a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance (P less than .01) at a time when physiologic shunting of blood through the lungs increased (P less than .01). These changes imply improved perfusion of non- or poorly ventilated portions of the lungs. Four of ten patients demonstrated removal of lactate by the lung during the control period. Following methylprednisolone sodium succinate injection, 9 of 10 patients demonstrated production or a washout of lactate from the lungs. PMID- 1130850 TI - Abdominal aneurysm and horseshoe kidney: a review. AB - Two patients with aortic abdominal aneurysms in association with horseshoe kidney are presented, making a total of 34 cases recorded in the literature. In 29 patients, the aneurysm was resected and five patients were non-resectable. Because of the abnormalities in vascular supply to the abnormal kidney, it is important to diagnose the combination of aneurysm and horseshoe kidney preoperatively. An error in diagnosis should be unusual if an intravenous pyelogram is routinely obtained on all patients. This study may reveal abnormalities which will allow the diagnosis of horseshoe kidney to be made or suspected. If the intravenous pyelogram is abnormal, it should be followed by an aortogram. This may substantiate the diagnosis of aneurysm and horseshoe kidney and provide the necessary detailed information regarding the pattern of blood supply and its relationship to functioning tissue. The amount and disposition of functioning renal parenchyma may be further amplified by renal scan. If this sequence is followed, the unanticipated combination of abdominal aneurysm and horseshoe kidney should be rare. PMID- 1130851 TI - The effect of dextran on the lysability of ex vivo thrombi. AB - The lysability was determined of thrombi formed in Chandler tubes before and after infusion of 500 ml dextran 70 to patients undergoing cholecystectomy. 125I labelled fibrinogen was given the day before operation. Following incubation of the thrombi formed in plasmin, radioactivity remaining in the thrombi and released to the supernatant was determined, as well as fibrinolytic degradation products in the supernatant, using an immunoelectrophoretic method. The dextran infusion was found to increase the radioactivity released from the thrombi to the supernatant from 15.5 plus or minus 7.6% to a maximum of 27.3 plus or minus 8.2% four hours after the infusion (P less than 0.001). A corresponding significant rise of the FDP concentration in the supernatant from 16.8 mug/ml to 44.1 mug/ml was found at the same time. After 24 hours the radioactivity had returned to initial values. The results indicate that dextran infused into patients during surgery increases the lysability of thrombi. It is suggested that this finding at least partly explains the antithrombotic effect of dextran. PMID- 1130852 TI - Antitumor immune response following injection of neuraminidase-treated sarcoma cells. AB - Mice inoculated with MCA-10 sarcoma cells which had previously been incubated with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) demonstrated a significantly lower tumor incidence (9/26) than mice injected with untreated sarcoma cells (10/10) or sarcoma cells incubated with heat-inactivated neuraminidase (28/29) p less than .05. Rechallenge of nontumor-bearing mice from the VCN group with untreated sarcoma cells resulted in a low tumor incidence (4/11), indicating that these mice had developed systemic immunity following the initial injection of VCN treated tumor cells. These mice also demonstrated significant lymphocytotoxicity against MCA-10 target cells compared with normal control mice (p less than .05). Subsequent cytotoxicity experiments, utilizing groin lymph node and splenic lymphocytes from mice five days following leg injection of VCN-treated, heat inactivated VCN-treated or untreated MCA-10 cells, demonstrated that the mice injected with VCN-treated tumor cells demonstrated greater antitumor immunity both locally and systemically. This magnification of tumor immunity is postulated as the mechanism by which neuraminidase treated MCA-10 sarcoma cells grew less well in C57 mice than cells incubated with heat-inactivated VCN or cells left untreated. PMID- 1130853 TI - Acute renal insufficiency complicating major cardiovascular surgery. AB - Thirty-one patients underwent hemodialysis for renal failure as a complication of major cardiovascular surgery at the University of Minnesota (1968-1973). Only eight patients (26%) survived. A review of the literature shows that since the beginning of hemodialysis the mortality of those patients has not improved. Infection was the overwhelming cause of death. The infections were difficult to diagnosis because they were frequently associated with abdominal abscesses that were almost uniformly overlooked. Several possible ways of improving these patients survival are: 1) the use of early operative interventions of second look type; 2) improved hygenic measures in the care of these patients; 3) more selective antibiotic treatment based on frequent reculturing; and 4) daily short dialysis in association with hyperalimentation. PMID- 1130854 TI - Gastrocolic and gastrojejunocolic fistulae: report of twelve cases and review of the literature. AB - Seven gastrocolic and five gastrojejunocolic fistulae were recorded at Charity Hospital between 1940 and 1970. Such fistulae occurred in males more often than females. In this series, as in others, the most common cause was gastric surgery for peptic ulcer disease. Pain, diarrhea, and weight loss were clinical findings in half the patients; anemia, leukocytosis, electrolyte disturbances and hypoalbuminemia were common laboratory findings. A fistula was demonstrated radiologically in nine of the twelve patients, management of these patients included no operation (3); two-stage procedure (2); and one-stage procedure (7); with a recent trend toward the one-stage procedure. A case report of a fistula resulting from postoperative complications of perforative appendicitis in which a successful combination of hyperalimentation and diverting colostomy was used is presented. PMID- 1130855 TI - The role of inflammation in bronchial stump healing. AB - The roles of inflammatory response and closure technique in the development of bronchopleural fistula were evaluated. Canine bronchial stumps closed with 3-0 silk and studied 14 days later were characterized by a dense inflammatory infiltrate. Stumps closed with 3-0 chromic catgut suture showed a moderate inflammatory response with disintegration of suture material. However, stumps closed with the automatic stapling device (TA-30) showed the best healing and a minimal degree of inflammation. These findings correlated well with leakage pressures. The average leakage pressure for the silk closed stumps was 139.44 mm Hg plus or minus 78.9 SD. This was significantly lower (P less than 0.02) than the average leakage pressure for staple closed stumps (251.25 mm Hg plus or minus 82.9 SD). It is concluded that the minimal amount of inflammation following staple closure will be associated with improved bronchial stump healing and a lower incidence of bronchopleural fistula. PMID- 1130856 TI - The diagnosis of jaundice by the minilaparotomy open transhepatic cholangiogram. AB - The precise diagnosis of the etiology of jaundice is of considerable value to the clinician in caring for the icteric patient. A series of twenty-three patients who underwent minilaparotomy (open transhepatic cholangiogram) is presented. This procedure allows for inspection, biopsy, cholangiography and omental venography under direct visualization and at minimal risk to the patient. In this series the cause of jaundice was successfully determined in 96% of the cases. Cholangiography was used to visualize the ducts in 20 patients and in 2 others, the diagnosis was made by inspection and liver biopsy. The literature on alternative diagnostic methods is reviewed and compared to other procedures the minilaparotomy has relatively few contraindications and many advantages. It is a useful and safe technique in the face of abnormal clotting factors, obstructive jaundice, ascites or hepatitis. By using the multiple diagnostic modalities available in a minilaparotomy, the rate of successful diagnosis equals or exceeds that of the other procedures. It is therefore recommended that this approach be considered as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of jaundice. PMID- 1130857 TI - Studies on bile salt deconjugation following small bowel bypass procedures. AB - Using the glycine-l-14C-cholic acid (14C-GCA) test, bile salt deconjugation and excretion were studied in 26 subjects with morbid exogenous obesity before and at selected intervals after jejuno-ileal bypass. In the preoperative group there was no malabsorption or intestinal bacterial deconjugation of the bile salts. In the immediate postoperative period (with relative sterilization of the bowel) there was only a trace of 14C in the breath, but the fecal 14C was highly elevated, indicating severe malabsorption without bacterial activity. In the 8 to 10 day postoperative period both the breath and fecal 14C content were highly elevated, indicating malabsorption and normal bacterial activity. Five to 8 months postoperatively both the breath and fecal 14C content showed only moderate elevation, indicating adaptation. It is suggested that the 14C-GCA test is useful in evaluating the adequacy of small bowel bypass procedures and also in following the adaptive response after the bypass. A significant increase in the breath and fecal 14C soon after surgery followed by rapid decrease suggests an adequate bypass and unusually fast adaptation. If the increase in the breath and fecal 14C soon after the bypass is only moderate, then that suggests an inadequate bypass. PMID- 1130858 TI - Urea production related to intraperitoneal inflammation. AB - To eluicdate a possible connection between the amount of urea production and degree of intraperitoneal complication 24 hour urea production was studied in patients having undergone appendectomy. The base material consisting of 60 patients with an uncomplicated postoperative course was divided into three groups: 1) 20 patients with a normal appendix without any infection, 2) 20 patients with acute appendicitis without perforation, and 3) 20 patients with acute appendicitis with perforation and varying degrees of peritonitis. Twenty four hour urea production was determined from the second to seventh postoperative day. A significant difference in postoperative urea production was found between the three groups mentioned, the patients in group 3 had the highest and the patients in group 1 the lowest urea production. Further, all three groups showed a gradual, significant decrease in urea production from second to seventh postoperative day. Two patients with intraperitoneal complications after appendectomy had a significantly increased urea production. PMID- 1130859 TI - Twenty-four hour left ventricular bypass with a centrifugal blood pump. AB - A new centrifugal blood pump system has been developed for left ventricular bypass by the addition of non-thrombogenic blood surface materials and an ultrathin-walled cannula for the retrograde cannulation of the left ventricle. Partial LV bypass at 3 to 6 L/min was undertaken in 55 calves without thoracotomy. In 20 it was continued for 24 hours, with 13 survivors who were eventually sacrificed. Eleven of the last 14 experiments were completed without mishap. Heparin was employed only during pump insertion. Hematologic changes were limited to moderate platelet depression, and tolerable hemolysis (average serum level 21 mg% in the last 13 experiments). Normal clotting parameters and the absence of significant fibrin split product formation correlated with the absence of gross thrombosis and few minor renal emboli observed at autopsy. This pump system appears to have several advantages over previously described equipment for LV bypass. PMID- 1130861 TI - Axillary-femoral bypass graft patency without aorto-femoral pressure differential: disuse atrophy of ipsilateral ileo-femoral segment. AB - Differential aorto-femoral pressure gradient is not required to assure axillary femoral bypass graft patency for a brief period of time. One-hundred twenty-three days elapsed from axillary-femoral graft construction to elective removal of the functioning conduit in an individual without aorto-femoral pressure differential. During this time, reversible "disuse atrophy" of the ipsilateral ileo-femoral arterial system occurred. It is suggested that phasic differences in pulse wave propagation between the aorto-iliac-femoral and axillary-femoral circuits maintained graft patency and accompanying decreased flow volume in the ileo femoral arterial circuit resulted in "disuse atrophy." PMID- 1130860 TI - Barium granuloma of the rectum: an uncommon complication of barium enema. AB - Barium sulfate granuloma of the rectum may develop when this contrast material is forced through a discontinuity in the rectal mucosa. The ensuing mass may be confused with carcinoma. Preoperative biopsy and attention to plain films will prevent unnecessary inappropriate surgery. PMID- 1130862 TI - A new variant of intra-abdominal hernia. AB - A new variant of intra-abdominal hernia is presented. Available evidence suggests that this type of intra-abdominal hernia may be more prevalent than previously reported. Patients suffering from crampy, intermittent abdominal pain whose routine radiographic gastrointestinal studies are unrevealing often are labeled as having psychogenic disorders. Three cases are present giving similar histories and routine findings in which mesenteric arteriography coupled with careful small bowel series has revealed a surgically curable lesion. Such patients should have judicious mesenteric angiography coupled with routine radiographic gastrointestinal studies in search of small intramesenteric herniae which are readily correctible. PMID- 1130863 TI - Boerhaave syndrome: report of a case treated non-operatively. AB - An unique case of Boerhaave's Syndrome is presented in which the patient survived without any surgical treatment. We believe that this was due to non-contamination of the mediastinal and pleural cavities as shown by serial contrast roentgenograms of the esophagus. PMID- 1130864 TI - Marginal ulcer in achlorhydric patients. AB - Recurrent gastrojejunal ulceration is reported in three patients with histamine fast achlorhydria. In none of these patients was extruding suture material responsible for the ulceration. However, all three patients had a history of alcohol abuse, and one abused aspirin as well. These cases demonstrate that achlorhydria does not protect against anastomotic ulceration. It is suggested that surgical manipulation produces an increased susceptibility to mucosal damage, and that it is erroneous to consider all anastomotic ulceration as a continuation or recurrence of acid peptic disease. PMID- 1130865 TI - The effect of bile acid synthesis on cholesterol secretion into the bile. AB - Cholesterol secretion into the bile has been shown to be related to the bile acid secretion rate. It has been suggested that the availability of bile acid micelles controls the entry of cholesterol into the bile. However, previous data could have been interpreted to indicate that bile acid synthesis controls cholesterol secretion into the bile. To discover whether bile acid synthesis has a significant influence on cholesterol secretion, Rhesus monkeys were studied during the period of increasing bile acid secretion and bile acid synthesis, which begins 6-10 hours following interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. This is the only condition in which bile acid synthesis and bile acid secretion increase simultaneously. The cholesterol secretion rate fell signficantly during this period, and this effect was enhanced by phenobarbital administration. An increasing cholesterol secretion rate would have been expected if micellar attraction controlled cholesterol secretion under these conditions. Bile acid synthesis appears to have an important influence upon cholesterol secretion into the bile. PMID- 1130866 TI - Microcirculation of the normal and inflamed canine pancreas. AB - Pancreas of normal dogs and the inflamed gland of experimental pancreatitis were studied by intra-arterial injection of Microfil, a silicone-rubber compound especially suited for study of the microcirculation. Duodenal vasculature and lobular vessels of the pancreas were studied as were those supplying the duct. Inter-lobular vessels were well visualized in the normal pancreas and intralobular vessels formed a fine reticular pattern throughout the cleared lobules. A complex network of vessels in the pancreatic duct was observed using this technique, apparently derived from the interlobular vessels. The blood supply of each layer of the duodenum was evaluated. Intraductal trypsin injection produced focal areas of pancreatitis associated with edema, poor vascular filling and spastic changes of the lobular vessels. Extravasation of Microfil, although not apparent on normal specimens, was prominent in inflamed specimens and suggested vascular weakness and disruption. Pancreatic lobules adjacent to inflammatory areas showed definite evidence of dilatation. The inflamed pancreatic ducts were markedly edematous, thickned, and showed incomplete vascular filling. When the duodenum adjacent to pancreatitis was injected with Microfil, edema and vasoconstriction were especially prominent in the duodenal muscular layer. PMID- 1130867 TI - Renal cell carcinoma presenting as right atrial tumor with successful removal using cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - A 58-year-old male presented with signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure. Diagnostic evaluation revealed a right renal cell carcinoma with extension into the vena cava and right atrium. Surgical management included radical right nephrectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, inferior vena caval resection, and removal of the intra-atrial tumor thrombus using a cardiopulmonary bypass. Two years after surgery the patient is alive and well with no evidence of recurrent disease. PMID- 1130868 TI - Occult inguinal hernia in the female. AB - Inguinal hernioplasty was performed in a series of 14 female patients with occult inguinal hernias over a period of five years. During this time 194 herniorrhaphies were performed and thus the incidence of repair for occult hernia was 8%. These patients represent a definite syndrome which has not been sufficiently documented in the surgical literature. The condition is defined and the anatomic pathology documented photographically. The mean age in this series was 20 years with a range of 15-45 years. Thirteen of the 14 cases were followed a mean of 10 months postoperatively. Ten of these were considered excellent results and were symptom-free. The remaining three cases were judged as good results but objective evaluation was less conclusive. There have been no recurrences. The anatomic basis for this syndrome has been documented by others. The absence of an impulse on clinical examination is explained on the basis of size of the hernias and the difference in the anatomy between males and females. Occult inguinal hernia in the female is clinically recognizable on the basis of intermittency, character, and localization of pain and after the exclusion of other pathologic conditions. This syndrome should be entertained in the differential diagnosis of lower abdominal pain in the female. Hernioplasty is safe and effective therapy and returns the patient to normal activity. PMID- 1130869 TI - New diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in the management of pyogenic liver abscesses. AB - An unexplained increase in the frequency of pyogenic liver abscesses of unknown etiology has, fourtunately, been paralleled by significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods. This report reviews experience with 14 patients operated upon at NYU Medical Center since 1971. Eight cases (57%) were cryptogenic. Other abscesses were associated with biliary disease (3); abdominal sepsis (2); and trauma (1). Abscesses were present on hospitalization in 12 patients. Clinical findings included fever (101-108 F); 100%; leucocytosis, 71%; anorexia and vomiting, 50%; localized tenderness and hepatomegaly, 50%; hypoalbuminemia, 86%; hypocholesterolemia, 78%; elevated SGOT, 71%; and elevated aikaline phosphatase, 43%. Technetium hepatic scintiscans showed focal defects in 10 of 12 patients (83%), but did not detect multiple abscesses in 2 of these. Hepatic arteriography performed in 10 patients was highly accurate, outlining single abscesses in 6 and multiple abscesses in 4. Furthermore, in one patient a false positive scintiscan was demonstrated by negative arteriography, confirmed by autopsy. In 4 patients, arteriography indicated an abscess in the posterior-superior area of the right hepatic lobe. With precise anatomical localization, a trans-thoracic approach permitted uncomplicated drainage in each case. This approach provides excellent exposure and direct drainage for abscesses in this area. An additional therapeutic adjunct in two patients, with 4 and 11 abscesses each, was postoperative intraportal infusion of antibiotics through the umbilical vein. Thirteen patients (83%) recovered, one dying from pulmonary embolism. Primary hepatic abscesses occur with increasing frequency. Primary hepatic abscesses occur with increasing frequency. Primary hepatic abscesses occur with increasing frequency. The methods described allow more precise preoperative diagnosis and direct surgical drainage. PMID- 1130870 TI - Traumatic injury to the portal vein. AB - Traumatic injuries to the upper abdominal vasculature pose difficult management problems related to both exposure and associated injuries. Among those injuries that are more difficult to manage are those involving the portal vein. While occurring rarely, portal vein injuries require specific therapeutic considerations. Between January, 1968, and July, 1974, over 2000 patients were treated operatively for abdominal trauma at the Ben Taub General Hospital. Among these patients, 22 had injury to the portal vein. Seventeen portal vein injuries were secondary to gunshot wounds, 3 to stab wounds, and 2 to blunt trauma. Associated injuries to the inferior vena cava, pancreas, liver and bile ducts were common. Three patients had associated abdominal aortic injuries, two with acute aorto-caval fistulae. Nine patients died from from failure to control hemorrhage. Eleven were long-term survivors, including two who required pancreataico-duodenectomy as well as portal venorrhaphy. Late complications were rare. The operative approach to patients with traumatic injuries to multiple organs in the upper abdomen, including the portal vein, requires aggressive management and predetermined sequential methods of repair. In spite of innumerable associated injuries, portal vein injuries can be successfully managed in a significant number of patients using generally available surgical techniques and several adjunctive maneuvers. PMID- 1130871 TI - Results of radical resection for periampullary cancer. AB - This report concerns 348 pancreatoduodenectomies, including 13 total pancreatectomies. Operative mortality over 30 years was 15%, operative mortality since 1962, 10%. Precise factors influencing operability, mortality, morbidity, and long-term palliation or cure are emphasized. The necessity for making a distinction among tumors arising in the ampulla of Vater, the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct, and the duodenum surrounding the papilla of Vater and carcinomas arising in the head of the pancreas is the most important factor in the approach to periampullary malignant tumors. Even with this large experience, the impression of the operating surgeon at the time of resection was incorrect in 10% of the patients in whom a reons who do not resect carcinomas arising in the head of the pancreas and who may have had less experience in this specialized field may be rejecting an even larger per cent of patients with more favorable periampullary malignant tumors. The influence of previous exploration, manipulation, and biopsy on morbidity, mortality, and survival is discussed. The significance of nodal involvement and residual tumor at the neck of the pancreas and the point of division of the common bile duct and the uncinate process is discussed. These data justify continued selective application of pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer and identify areas where further improvement can be made. PMID- 1130872 TI - Pancreaticogastrostomy: a further evaluation. AB - The anastomosis between the remaining pancreas and the intestinal tract after various types of pancreatic resection has been the site of complications responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. After Whipple resections reestablishment of pancreatic-intestinal continuity has generally been accomplished in some manner between the pancreas and upper jejunum. This suture line has at times failed, often as the result of postoperative pancreatitis, giving rise to hemorrhage, abscess, and fistula formation. Since 1963, 25 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenal resection have had some portion of their pancreas implanted into the back wall of the stomach. The operations have been done by the resident and senior staff of the Department of Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania. Morbidity has decreased and operative mortality has fallen from 20-30% to 8%. The technique is not difficult and there seems to be less tendency for the anastomosis to leak. Pancreatic function is usually adequate. The procedure is useful after radical resection of the pancreaticoduodenal region or at times after pancreatic trauma. PMID- 1130873 TI - Changing patterns in the management of pancreatic pseudocysts. AB - The records of patients treated from 1938 through June, 1974, for pancreatic cysts have been reviewed. There was 205 cysts including 168 pseudocysts, 21 neoplastic, 13 retention, and 3 congenital pseudocysts. An analysis of two eras has been made: cysts treated prior to 1962 (56 patients) and cysts treated after 1962 (98 patients). In the earlier era 66.4% of patients were treated by external drainage and 34% by excision or internal drainage. By marked contrast in the more recent era only 27% were treated by external drainage and 73% by excision or internal drainage. The recurrence rate fell from 27% in the earlier era to 6% in the modern era. Improved morbidity was evidenced by a reduction from 32.2% to 15.3% in additional procedures required. Individualization in the treatment of pseudocyts with adherence to establish criteria for procedure selection with increased reliance on excision or internal drainage, as well as early diagnosis and timely intervention have improved the results of surgical therapy in this disease. PMID- 1130874 TI - Conservative surgical treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal stricture. AB - During a recent 3-year period, 17 consecutive patients were seen with advanced fibrotic esophageal strictures secondary to alkaline-acid-pepsin reflux. From detailed preoperative evaluations alone it was impossible to determine whether therapy should consist of excisional surgery, esophagogastroplasty or intra operative dilatation with correction of reflux. Only at operation could the length, extent, degree and severity of the stricture be fully determined. Each of the 17 patients was treated by controlled dilatation, coupled with an antireflux procedure. This simplified approach proved successful on strictures thought preoperatively to be undilatable. It appears that this conservative approach is applicable to many advanced strictures and excisional and plastic procedures should be reserved for those cases that prove unyielding to intraoperative dilatation. The true appraisal of a reflux stricture and the choice of surgical procedure is best determined at the operating table. PMID- 1130875 TI - Cardiac contusion: a capricious syndrome. AB - Cardiac contusions are being recognized with frequency. Among 507 patients with non-penetrating chest injuries, 210 had serial electrocardiograms sufficient to evaluate the heart. Forty-five of these 210 patients (21%) had cardiac contusions. These 45 patients and 3 others who were confirmed to have cardiac contusions at necropsy, comprise the 48 patients in this series. Life-indangering cardiac complications occurred in 14 (29%) of the 48 patients, and 4 patients died. The development of cardiac complications following cardiac contusions appears to have a significant relationship to the presence of shock, hypoxia and to factors related to the severity of multiple injuries. These observations have therapeutic implications in management of patients with cardiac contusions through prevention of hypovolemia and hypoxia and avoidance of fluid overload as well as treatment of specific cardiac complications. PMID- 1130876 TI - Management of thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - This overall management program for thoracic outlet compression syndrome is based upon experience with 153 extremities in 149 patients and the results of others. The following conclusions are documented and discussed. 1) Diagnosis is based chiefly upon history; physical signs are inconstant and often absent. 2) Major vascular problems are unusual; angiography is not always necessary. 3) Electromyography is not always critical but does aid in diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. 4) Non-operative treatment relieves most patients; operative decompression is indicated for a minority. 5) Transxillary first rib resection, with removal of cervical rib is the best operation. 6) Carpal tunnel decompression should be done concomitantly when needed. 7) Operation is relatively safe. PMID- 1130878 TI - An analysis of twenty years' experience with operations for carcinoma of the stomach. AB - We analyzed the records of 242 consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach operated on for cure. We correlated survival with several factors, including the type of primary lesion, the operation performed, operative mortality, state of regional lymph nodes, margins of the resected specimens, and duration of preoperative symptoms. Overall survival at 5 years was only 18.6% and at 10 years was 7.1%. Patients with small malignant gastric ulcers, however, enjoyed increased survival at 5 years (53.8%) and at 10 years (15.0%). Overall operative mortality was 7.1%, but was 0% for patients with small malignant gastric ulcers. Even with large or high-lying lesions, radical operation can be accomplished with acceptable mortality and definite chance for cure. Thirteen of 45 five-year survivors had positive lymph nodes, and 7 of the 45 had positive margins of resection. Longer symptomatic preoperative periods, correlated positively with increased survival. Thirty patients with preoperative symptomatic periods exceeding 24 months had a 30.0% 5-year survival. Perhaps some of these lesions underwent malignant change in areas of symptomatic benign disease. We advocate early operation for gastric ulcers which do not heal promptly and stay healed. PMID- 1130877 TI - Hepatic portoenterostomy: an assessment of its value in the treatment of biliary atresia. AB - A series of 12 infants undergoing hepatic portoenterostomy for incorrectable-type biliary atresia is reviewed. There has been no evidence of a sustained postoperative increase in bile excretion or improvement in biliary cirrhosis in any patient. Survival statistics for the group as a whole are poor with a mean postop survival time of 11 months and a mean total survival time of 15.3 months. These survival times are worse than that previously reported for infants with untreated biliary atresia. Our disappointing results with hepatic portoenterostomy raise doubts concerning its value in the treatment of biliary atresia. PMID- 1130879 TI - Chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery for colorectal cancer. AB - A combined intraoperative and postoperative adjuvant program of 5 minus Fluorouracil (5 FU) for patients undergoing "curative" resection for adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum was initiated as a randomized clinical trial in January 1968. Patients at the Medical College of Virginia and the University of Virginia were randomly assigned to an intraluminal 5 FU or intraluminal control (Saline) group and were so treated at the time of surgical resection if findings at operation indicated that all gross neoplastic disease could be resected. Patients with operative findings denoting incurability were eliminated from the study after surgical exploration. Those patients receiving intraluminal 5 FU (30mg/kg) received intravenous 5 FU (10mg/kg) on each of the two first postoperative days and 5 subsequent postoperative courses of oral 5FU (90 mg/kg in each 18 day course) over a one year period. By December 31, 1973 (6 years) 156 patients undergoing "curative" resection were entered into the study. SU therapy with the control or "No Treat" group reveal no significant benefit from this intensive adjuvant course of 5 FU thus far. Continued assessment of these patient groups and their subgroups will be required to develop confidence in these findings but the data thus far suggest no potential benefit from this particular adjuvant program. PMID- 1130880 TI - Is childhood thyroid cancer a lethal disease? AB - The clinical, pathological, surgical, postoperative findings and survivorship of 58 patients younger and 513 patients older than 21 years at the time of diagnosis with thyroid neoplasms are reported. The younger patients have a predominance of well differentiated carcinomas which are more likely to be follicular. The lesions tend to be more advanced at the time of diagnosis, are treated by more aggressive surgery in the younger patients and are associated with a much better prognosis. Lack of progression of well to poorly differentiated neoplasms and a greater sensitivity to and dependence upon TSH in young patients, are two factors which may contribute to the striking difference in the prognosis of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma related to age. PMID- 1130881 TI - Aortic and other arterial injuries. AB - Three hundred sixty arterial injuries in 353 patients are reviewed. They covered a wide spectrum of injuries and included 36 aortic injuries and 19 cases of carotid truama. The mortality rate of 12% was in large part due to aortic injuries. Shock was the predominant cause of death. Infection was the most frequent non-fatal complication. Pulmonary complications were surprisingly uncommon. With methods and techniques discussed in the paper, 90% satisfactory end results were achieved. The amputation rate was 6% where extremity injuries were involved. PMID- 1130882 TI - Stenotic and obstructive lesions in acute dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysms. AB - The present study of 33 operatively treated patients, 88 per cent of whom survived the procedure, is concerned with an important problem associated with acute thoracic aortic dissection, the stenotic and obstructive lesions of the aorta and its branches. Their variety and nature are described, as are the additional operative procedures deemed necessary at the time of the operation, immediately thereafter, or later on. Much has been learned about these difficulties from clinical and autopsy observations and especially from careful arteriographic surveys. They seem to be generally well withstood following resectional and grafting procedures upon the affected segment of the thoracic aorta. Occasionally, additional operative manipulations may be necessary at the same time, for example, interpolation of grafts between the ascending aortic graft and a coronary when the origin of the latter is sheared off by the dissection, and distal arterial manipulations when the patient still has ischemic lower extremities immediately after the primary procedure. Later operations must sometimes be performed because of persistence of complaints such as intermittent claudication. It is extremely rare that immediate reoperation is advisable because of indications of intra-abdominal ischemia. Much more can be learned from careful pre- and postoperative arteriographic study. PMID- 1130883 TI - The changing pattern of post-traumatic respiratory distress syndrome. AB - During a one year period, 78 patients at the Denver General Hospital required mechanical ventilation following injury. Thirteen patients were judged to have Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Of these, 9 had classic early onset RDS but, with intravenous fluid restriction following resuscitation, diuretics and careful mechanical ventilation, all recovered. Six patients, all of whom were septic, developed late onset RDS 5 or more days after injury; 5 died. Disparity between early and late onset of RDS is emphasized; the one with good, the other with dismal prognosis. The current need is to improve treatment of late onset RDS, which frequently is associated with bacterial infection. PMID- 1130884 TI - The influence of diet on response to hemorrhagic shock. AB - Prior nutrition is known to influence tolerance to hypovolemic shock. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of dietary composition on the response of animals subjected to hypovolemic shock. Particular attention was directed to the role of high and low protein diet content with a proportionate change in carbohydrate content to yield isocaloric diets. Rats were placed on one of three diets and were subsequently subjected to shock either by 1) hemorrhage to a pre determined mean arterial blood pressure, or by 2) hemorrhage of a pre-determined volume of blood based on per cent of body weight. Serial measurements were made of blood pressure, blood volume removed, survival time,hematocrit, blood glucose, pH and blood gases. The results indicate that a high protein diet does not prolong tolerance to recurrent blood loss but there is a greatly reduced tolerance to hemorrhage shock in rats whose body weight was maintained on a low protein/high carbohydrate diet. The latter animals also exhibited impaired refill of plasma volume and a paradoxical, continuing hyperglycemic response during hypovolemia. This study suggests that although an abundant supply of blood glucose is available as an energy source, glucose uptake in the peripheral tissues is inhibited during hypovolemia by unknown mechanisms and thus homeostasis is curtailed. The protein content of the diet may be a critical factor in carbohydrate use during shock. PMID- 1130885 TI - Incidence and significance of intraperitoneal anaerobic bacteria. AB - To amplify recent interest in anaerobic infections following abdominal disease, trauma, or surgery, 512 consecutive patients subjected to emergency celiotomy had both aerobic and anaerobic cultures taken of peritoneal fluid as well as all complicating wound and intra-abdominal infections. Average time between peritoneal entry of abscess drainage and specimen incubating under anaerobic conditions was less than two minutes. During 4 of the seven study months, patients had antibiotic therapy randomized, with clindaymcin or cephalothin being sole parenteral agents and given intravenously prior to operation and for 5 days thereafter. Results demonstrated that anaerobes uniformly contaminate the peritoneal cavity whenever distal or obstructed intestine has been perforated, irrespective of the cause. Although all but one of the 123 complicating wound and intra-abdominal infections were due solely or at least in part to aerobic pathogens, 2/3 of such infections also contained one or more different anaerobic species acting in synergism with the aerobes. No significant difference in incidence of postoperative infection or in infecting bacteria could be found with respect to antibiotic administered or etiology of perforation. Indeed, duration of bacterial exposure to atmospheric oxygen was the most critical factor influencing culture recoverability of anaerobic organisms, likelihood of ensuing wound or peritoneal sepsis participated in by an anaerobe, and success in control of established infections harboring anaerobes. PMID- 1130886 TI - Subcutaneous extraperitoneal repair of ventral hernias: a biological basis for fascial transplantation. AB - Two fundamental biological differences between normal fascia and scar tissue are rate of collagen turnover and physical weave of collagen subunits. Both factors account for unsatisfactory results following ventral hernia repair unless scar tissue is excised and normal fiscia used. Removal of scar and identification of normal fascia often require extensive dissection, entrance into the peritoneal cavity, and sometimes requires lysis of intestinal adhesions with occasional injury to bowel. Simple imbrication of the hernia sac, as in treatment of a direct inguinal hernia, without excision usually results in recurrence of the hernia because of remodeling and attenuation of scar tissue. A new procedure, based upon the technique of direct inguinal hernia repair without opening peritoneum, has been performed on 12 patients with large ventral hernias. The procedures, performed entirely in a subcutaneous plane, involves imbrication of scar, transfer of a massive fascial onlay graft, and use of an internal stent. Patients have been followed for one to 5 years; there have been no recurrences. Inductive influence of the fascial transplant has been measured in two patients; a tenfold increase in net collagen synthesis and deposition occurs for at least one year following transplantation of fascia to an imbricated scar recipient area. PMID- 1130887 TI - The use of the TDMAC-heparin shunt in replacement of the descending thoracic aorta. AB - The use of a flexible polyvinyl tube bonded with tridodecylmethylammonium-heparin (Gott) as a temporary shunt during the resection of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta has proven a safe and simple means of providing adequate circulation to the abdominal viscera and spinal cord. This technique avoids the metabolic consequences of ischemia to the lower body, diminishes left ventricular afterload during aortic clamping, and obviates the requirement for systemic anticoagulation associated with pump bypass. Between September 1970 and October 1974, 24 patients have been operated using the TDMAC shunt. There were two deaths (9%) among the 22 patients undergoing elective resections. Two patients with acutely dissecting and ruptured aneurysms expired. Followup data has been obtained on all patients from one to 46 months postoperative. The ease with which the shunt is inserted and its adaptability to varied clinical and anatomic situations is stressed. We feel that TDMAC-Heparin shunt provides the best method of circulatory support for elective operative procedures on the descending thoracic aorta. PMID- 1130888 TI - Resection of the ascending aorta using profound local hypothermia for myocardial protection. AB - Resection of the ascending aorta with or without aortic valve replacement requires prolonged interruption of myocardial blood flow. Profound local cardiac hypothermia was used in 8 patients, 5 of whom had simultaneous aortic valve replacement. Three patients with acute dissections were encountered, one with cardiac tamponade secondary to intrapericardial rupture. The duration of aortic cross-clamp time varied from 43 to 122 minutes. There were no complications related to the cooling technique. There were no operative or hospital deaths. One patient died of myocardial infarction at 6 weeks. These results coupled with the experience of others suggest that coronary perfusion during periods of obligatory anoxia in unnecessary. Local cardiac hypothermia offers a satisfactory alternative for myocardial protection during prolonged aortic crossclamping. PMID- 1130889 TI - Quality, quantity and distribution of medical education and care: regulation by the private sector or mandate by government? AB - The public, the federal government and most state governments have become increasingly concerned with the lack of access to primary care as well as the specialty and geographic maldistribution problems. Currently, there is a race in progress between the private sector and the federal government to devise solutions to these problems. In the federal sector, varying pieces of legislation are under active consideration to mandate the correction of specialty and geographic maldistribution; proposals include: 1) setting up federal machinery to regulate the numbers and types of residencies; 2) make obligatory the creation of Departments of Family Practice in each medical school; 3) withdraw current education support from medical schools causing tuition levels to increase substantially--federal student loans would then provide the necessary leverage to obligate the borrower to two years of service in an under-served area in exchange for loan forgiveness. In the private sector, for the first time in the history of the United States, the five major organizations involved in medical care have organized to form the Coordinating Council on Medical Education (CCME) and the Liaison Committee on Graduate Medical Education (LCGME). One of the initial major endeavors of the CCME has been to address itself to the problem of specialty maldistribution. The LCGME has been tooling up to become the accrediting group for residency training thus providing an overview of the quality and quantity of specialty training. It will be the intent of this presentation to bring the membership of the Southern Surgical Association an up-to-date report on these parallel efforts. The author's personal hope is that the private sector can move sufficiently rapidly to set up its own regulatory mechanisms and avert another federally controlled bureaucracy that will forever change the character of the medical profession in the United States. PMID- 1130890 TI - Surgical management of Menetrier's disease with protein-losing gastropathy. AB - Three patients with Menetrier's disease and protein-losing gastropathy who were studied during a 12 year period have been presented. The characteristic findings which differentiate them from patients with hypertrophic hypersecretory gastropathy, including the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are: 1) hypertrophy of gastric mucosa with giant rugal folds involving the fundus, cardia and body of the stomach but sparing the antrum; 2) muscosal hypertrophy consisting of gastric mjcus-secreting cells while parietal cells and chief cells are diminished in number and may be absent from many microscopic sections; 3) gastric secretion of large volume containing excess mucus, low to absent hydrochloric acid and protein concentration 5 or 6 times normal (1.7 mg/ml); 4) hypoalbuminemia and hypoglobulinemia due to loss of serum proteins fron gastric mucosa into the gastric lumen; 5) rare association with gastric ulcer. Unlike the Zollinger Ellison syndrome none of our patients had duodenal ucler or multiple endocrine adenomatosis or a family history of these conditions. We have found no authenticated reports in the literature which document a relationship of Menetrier's disease ( as defined above) with multiple endocrine adenomatosis. Menetrier's disease with protein-losing gastropathy is a potentially lethal disorder of unknown cause with no specific treatment. Resection of the site of gastric protein losses as first done by Waugh is logical and effective. One of our three patients died in hospital before gastrectomy was done. Two others have done well for 11 months and 12 years, respectively, after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy and Hunt-Lawrence jejunal pouch. PMID- 1130891 TI - Blood transfusions in elective operations: comparison of whole blood versus packed red cells. AB - For some years the use of packed red cells in elective operations has been encouraged on an empirical basis. From the clinical and laboratory information gathered in this prospective, randomized, but unblined study of 294 patients subjected to elective general, thoracic, or gynecologic operations, the use of packed cells in such situations appears rational. Such practices minimize demand upon a unique human resource, may give patients fewer undersirable elements in blood transfusions, and do not increase the morbidity or mortality of patients receiving transfusion. PMID- 1130892 TI - Letter: Forceful dilatation of esophageal strictures accompanied by anti-reflux surgery. PMID- 1130893 TI - Viability properties in autologous fascia lata heart valve grafts: a transmission electron microscopical study. AB - Four frame-mounted autologous fascia lata heart valve grafts in situ for 18 to 41 months as well as one free-mounted fascia cusp in situ for 10 years were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In all cusps, areas of well-preserved subcellular structures were found as well as areas with degeneration and fragmentation of both nuclear and collagen fibers. Fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and a special cell form, the myofibroblast, were encountered. The appearance of this last cell form may explain the shrinkage phenomenon encountered in these valves, all retrieved at reoperation because of valve dysfunction. Some of the fascial cells thus stayed alive within the bloodstream for up to 10 years. PMID- 1130894 TI - Complications associated with membrane lung support by venoarterial perfusion. AB - A series of patients supported with long-term venoarterial perfusion is presented. Gas exchange was achieved with a membrane oxygenator at flows usually in excess of 50% of the patient's baseline cardiac output. Perfusions were maintained for 7 to 12 days. Two major complications were encountered: thromboembolic myocardial infarction and liquefaction necrosis of the lung. Possible etiologies and suggestions for prevention are discussed. PMID- 1130896 TI - Management of spontaneous pneumothorax. AB - Recurrence is the most common complication of spontaneous pneumothorax. Open thoracotomy with resection of obliteration of blebs and parietal pleurectomy provides the best protection against recurrence. Twenty-seven consecutive patients underwent open thoracotomy for recurrent pneumothorax with no mortality and minimum morbidity and have remained free from recurrence. We believe that thoracotomy should be more widely used in the treatment of what is called spontaneous pneumothorax, since this treatment may remove the real cause of the disease. PMID- 1130895 TI - An abdominal left ventricular assist device: preclinical studies. AB - An abdominally positioned left ventricular assist device (ALVAD) has been evaluated in our most recent series of 25 calves weighing 99 plus or minus 12 kg. The ALVAD is a pneumatically actuated bladder pump, positioned subdiaphragmatically and connected between the left ventricular apex and the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The mean survival time in the calves was 41 days and the longest 65 days. The major effects of the pump are reduction of all indices of left ventricular work and increases in systemic perfusion. In the awake, unanesthetized calf, left ventricular pressure, dP/dt, and stroke work were decreased while peak aortic pressure, stroke volume, and cardiac output increased. These effects were corroborated at cardiac catheterization two to four weeks postoperatively; left ventriculograms also showed increases in ejection fraction. These data demonstrate the ALVAD's effectiveness in assuming left ventricular function and support over extended periods. The device has been developed for short-term postoperative clinical use in patients with reversible left ventricular failure. PMID- 1130897 TI - A new operation for d-loop transposition of the great vessels. AB - Transposition of the great vessels remains a major problem for the cardiac surgeons. Although the Mustard (intraatrial baffle) procedure has provided the means for physiological correction of this anomaly, there are many complications that plague the lives of the survivors. This report describes an operation that is essentially extracardiac and achieves the desired goal of simple switching of the great vessels. Future revisions of the outflow tract prosthesis may become a major problem, but probably less of one than the complications that have been and will be associated with the intraatrial baffle procedure. PMID- 1130898 TI - Muscular ventricular septal defect repair made easy. AB - Correction of the unique problem of congenital muscular ventricular septal defects is facilitated by approaching through an incision in the apex of the left ventricle parallel to the septum. This incision seems to be well tolerated by the heart, as borne out by our experience and that of others. PMID- 1130899 TI - The use of vein allografts as sidearms for intraaortic balloon insertion. AB - Femoral artery cannulation for intraaortic balloon counterpulsation may be attended by difficulties due to changes in the vessel wall and the inherent stiffness of Dacron grafts. A substitute technique utilizing venous allografts is described. The advantages are enumerated and are related to allograft pliability. Fifty-nine such procedures have been done without related complications. PMID- 1130900 TI - Chondroma of the trachea: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Chondroma of the trachea is an extremely rare neoplasm. A patient is described who required surgical treatment for this abnormality on three separate occasions over a nineteen-year period. The last two instances represent either local recurrence or new primary growths. The most recent presentation was that of a very large mediastinal mass causing tracheal compression, dysphagia, and superior vena caval obstruction. The clinical and pathological features of chondromas of the tracheobronchial tree are discussed. Because of its recognized potential for local recurrence, a localized chondroma of the trachea is best managed by tracheal resection. PMID- 1130901 TI - Balanced drainage of the contaminated pneumonectomy space. AB - The patient who needs a pneumonectomy but has an infected pleural cavity faces the probability of an empyema of the pneumonectomy space. Balanced drainage of a contaminated space may avoid this very serious complication. A patient with obstructing bronchogenic carcinoma associated with distal parenchymal suppuration and empyema is discussed. A pneumonectomy with balanced drainage of the pleural space was performed. After three weeks the mediastinum was stable, and daily irrigation of the space with antibiotic solution was begun. Following foourteen days of irrigation, the cavity was filled with antibiotic solution and closed. Follow-up has shown no subsequent space problems or infection. Balanced drainage is a useful method of dealing with a contaminated pneumonectomy space. PMID- 1130902 TI - Local cardiac hypothermia in lieu of coronary perfusion. PMID- 1130903 TI - Letter: Primary disordered motor activity of the esophagus (diffuse spasm). PMID- 1130904 TI - Letter: Iron intern. PMID- 1130905 TI - Letter: Pulmonary problems following valve replacement. PMID- 1130906 TI - [Editorial: Colaboration among medical specialties]. PMID- 1130907 TI - Cardiac and pulmonary diseases. A pathophysiologic interelationship. AB - Left heart diseases, in particular mitral stenosis, are often associated with anatomic and functional alterations of the lung. According to the pulmonary structures involved they could be named chronic secondary intersticial and vascular lung diseases. Congenital heart diseases with pre- or post-tricuspid shunts are also often associated with anatomic and functional alterations of the lung. This condition also constitutes a chronic secondary vascular lung disease (atrial septal defect) or a chronic primary vascular lung disease ( ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus). Primary lung diseases (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary emphysema, recurrent pulmonary embolism) are often associated with right ventricular hypertrophy with or without dilation, a condition commonly named chronic cor pulmonale. On the whole the interrelationships between heart and lung diseases are as follows: a) anatomic and functional alterations of the lung due to left heart diseases are mediated through pulmonary venous hypertension; b) anatomic and functional alterations of the lung due to congenital heart diseases are mediated through the increased pulmonary blood flow with or without transmission of the systemic blood pressure to the pulmonary vasculature, and c) anatomic and functional alterations of the right ventricle due to primary or secondary lung diseases are mediated through arterial pulmonary hypertension. In summary, the interrelationships between heart and lung diseases are mainly mediated through the pulmonary venous or pulmonary arterial hypertension. PMID- 1130908 TI - [Respiratory changes in obesity. Functional and clinical aspects. Study of 26 cases]. AB - A study was made, at the altitude of Mexico City, of the clinic aspects and of the pulmonary function of 26 obese subjects more than 45% overweight. This excess weight habitually produces severe disturbances in pulmonary and/or heart function. In 50% of the patients, clinic, radiologic and electrocardiographic manifestations were found which suggested the existence of pulmonary arterial hypertension. This provoked right heart failure in 19% of the cases. The most constant alterations in the pulmonary volumes was the decrease in the VER, which occurred in 96% of the cases. Most of the patients had hypoxemia (92.5), which was produced mainly by the increase in venoarterial shunts. Although the clinic manifestations were similar to those described in Pickwick's syndrome, alveolar hypoventilation was presented in only a minority of the cases. No relationship was found between the degree of obesity and alveolar hypoventilation. Altitudes of 2,200 meters or more apparently favor hypoxemia in obese patients, and "protects" them from the hypercapnea. The altitude of Mexico City may be one of the reasons why alveolar hypoventilation is observed in only 15% of the cases. PMID- 1130909 TI - [Comparison of 2 angiographic methods to determine the expulsion fraction of the left ventricle]. AB - Left ventricular volume and ejection fraction were determined by two methods of one plane angiography in 50 cases of ischemic heart disease. Statistical analysis of the results obtained by both methods showed no significant differences. PMID- 1130910 TI - [Bradyarrhythmias in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. AB - The functioning of the Intensive Care Units has permitted a better study and treatment of the arrhythmias which complicate the acute phase of myocardial infarction. 1,100 charts of patients admitted to the Coronary Unit of the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico were reviewed. Acute myocardial infarction was demonstrated in 819 of them by the usual methods. The frequency and characteristics of the following bradiarrhythmias were studied: sinus bradicardia, sinus stoppage, seno-atrial block, migration of the atrial pacing, union rhythm and slow ventricular tachycardia. Sinus bradicardia was presented in 23.7% of the infarctions, sinus stoppage in 2.4%, migration of the atrial pacing in 9.4%, nodal rhythm in 7.2% and slow ventricular tachycardia in 7.8%. Bradiarrhythmias, generally considered as "lesser" arrhythmias, favor the appearance of lethal arrhythmias, regardless of the degree of mechanical failure, and thus should be treated actively. PMID- 1130911 TI - [Familial congenital cardiopathy]. AB - 1. The authors report on the frequency of family congenital heart disease in a consecutive series of 380 congenital patients, studied in the lapse of one year in the Pediatric Cardiology Service of the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico. 2. They report that of 380 families with one member with congenital heart disease, 13 had two or more members with heart malformations. 3. They point out that the index of frequency of family congenital heart disease was 34 per 1,000, a figure higher than that of other authors 6,40 (18 and 20 per 1,000). 4. They demonstrated that in families with an affected member, the possibility that there is another member with heart disease rises 5 to 7 times above the figure of prevalence expected for the general population. 5. They comment that the greater the numbers of patients with congenital heart disease in a family, the greater the probability is that there will be a descendent with cardiovascular malformation. 6. They make note that the normality of the chromosomatic studies of this and other investigations should not be an obstacle for postulating the genetic component in the multifactorial ethiology of congenital heart diseases. 7. Finally, they emphasize the importance of performing a complete cardiologic study of the family having a member with congenital heart disease. PMID- 1130912 TI - [Indications and radiological measurements in the evaluation of pulmonary artery hypertension]. AB - Different radiologic indexes and measurements proposed in the evaluation of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) were reviewed. The postero-anterior chest roentgenograms of 250 subjects were studied. In all cases the pulmonary artery pressure was known from cardiac catheterization. The diameter of the right pulmonary artery was larger than 1.7 mm. in 45% of cases with PAH. The pulmonary lobar-transverse-thoracic index (PL/T) was abnormal (+38%) in 74% of cases with PAH, and normal in cases with increased pulmonary flow. The index of Ozawa, distance between the midline and the more prominent portion of the pulmonary arch, related to the transverse diameter of the left hemithorax overestimated the mean pulmonary pressure when normal and underestimated the same with PAH. A new index is described. The relation of the right pulmonary artery with the transverse diameter of the hemithorax on the same side (r/h index). It was abnormal in 24% of the cases with PAH and it was always normal in cases with increased pulmonary flow. The more sensitive and specific measurement seems to be the PL/T index. PMID- 1130913 TI - [Radiography of the left cavities of the heart using the levophase of pulmonary angiography. Preliminary study]. AB - The method for visualizing the left cavities of the heart by means of levophase of pulmonary angiography is described. Its indications and advantages, and the simplicity of the technique are described, and the low risk this procedure places on the patient are emphasized. PMID- 1130914 TI - [Anatomo-vectorcardiographic correlation in ventricular growth in congenital heart diseases]. AB - Anatomo-vectorcardiographic correlations were studied in 59 cases of congenital heart disease. In the group with interventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension, a statistically significant correlation between the thickness of the free right ventricular wall, at its outflow tract, and the inscription time of the vertex of the S loop, was found. In the group of Fallot's tetralogy, the segmentary hypertrophy of the right ventricle, which is the most frequent, explains very well the terminal portion of frontal and sagittal vectorcardiograms located below the 0 point. In the group with interatrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension, a statistically significant correlation between the thickness of the antero-lateral superior third of the free right ventricular wall and the inscription time of the vertex of the S loop, was shown. In the group of congenital malformations with repercussion on the left ventricle (interventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and coarctation of aorta), a statistically significant correlation between the anatomical findings of a hypertrophied superior third of this ventricle and the inscription time of the vertex of the R loop, was observed. PMID- 1130915 TI - [Dopamine in essential arterial hypertension: excretion of its metabolite homovanillic acid]. AB - The results obtained in a group of 66 hypertensive patients in which the AHV values were 5.7 plus and minus 0.4 mM/24 hrs., were reported. These values were compared to those obtained in 42 healthy subjects: 7.0 plus and minus 0.5 mM/24 hrs. The difference was statistically significant P less than 0.05. The values of excretion of urinary dopamine in both groups were also presented. A value of 225.7 plus and minus 13.0 mug/24 hrs. was obtained for the hypertensives, while the value for the healthy groups was 361.2 plus and minus 16.5. The statistical study in this case showed a high significance p smaller or less than 0.001. There were no changes in the levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline nor in the metabolite of these two amines, that is, AVM. PMID- 1130916 TI - [Acute coronary oclussion and cardiogenic shock. Experimental study with closed thorax]. AB - Nineteen dogs in whom an intent to produce cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction are studied. The dogs are maintained with closed chest and acute myocardial infarction is produced by injecting a bolus of metalic mercury in the left circumflex coronary artery using two different methods. Comparatively, the results show that a more selective embolism is obtained with the double catheter technique than by the introduction of a single coronary arteriograph catheter. Eight of the 19 dogs died. Six due to accidental introduction of mercury in the anterior interventricular artery together with the left circumflex artery, and 2 due to rupture of the ascending aorta during the maneuvre of placing the coronary arteriograph catheter. In the eleven dogs that survived the following parameters were taken every hour during a period of four to six hours. a) Hemodynamic: Left ventricle pressure, cardiac output by thermodilution, maximum dp/dt and Vmax, central venous pressure, cardiac rate and diuresis; b) Metabolic: Gases and lactate in arterial, venous and coronary sinus blood. Cortisol blood levels. All dogs were anaesthetized with thiobarbital during the venous cutdown and later sedated with morfine. They were maintained breathing atmospheric air. Cardiogenic shock was established when the diuresis fell from 170 cc/hour to an average of 43 cc/hour, the mean arterial pressure fell by 20%, the cardiac output by 58%, Vmax descending 20%, the telediastolic pressure of the left ventricle rose from 2.8 mm. Hg to 19.6 mm. Hg and the presence of acidoses was demonstrated by metabolic studies. CONCLUSION: Since the dog is maintained with a closed chest and breathing atmospheric air, this is an excellent method for the production of cardiogenic shock in conditions similar to the humain without the influence of other variables. In this way a better knowledge of shock is obtained and different terapeutic measures can be studied. PMID- 1130917 TI - Introduction to the cardiac electrophysiology symposium. PMID- 1130918 TI - Epicardial mapping in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 1130919 TI - Mechanisms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 1130920 TI - Ventricular fibrillation threshold; its physiological and pharmacological importance. PMID- 1130921 TI - Basis for ventricular arrhythmias accompanying myocardial infarction: alterations in electrical activity of ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers after coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 1130922 TI - Pathophysiology of ventricular tachycardia in man. AB - Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart as a method to study mechanisms of arrthythmias is discussed in patients with ventricular tachycardia. Chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia seems to be based on a reentry mechanism. Observations in patients with ventricular tachycardia during the first 24 hours after myocardial infarction suggest a focal origin of the arrhythmia. PMID- 1130923 TI - Provoking factors in bronchial asthma. AB - Asthmatic patients were identified as having asthma on the basis of lung function studies (76%), objective physical findings of asthma (11%), or a strong history of asthma (13%). Each of the 234 patients so identified was assigned to an asthma subgroup determined by careful clinical assessment of the major provoking factor or factors for his asthmatic episodes; minor provoking factors were also identified. Only 20% of the patients had asthmatic episodes provoked by a single factor. Most asthmatics had at least one major and one or more minor provoking factor(s). Reagin-mediated mechanisms constituted the major provoking factor in 25% of patients and were a minor provoking factor in an additional 20% of the patients. Thus, in only 45% of the patients, were reaginic mechanisms responsible for some part of their asthmatic episodes. PMID- 1130924 TI - Nephrotoxicity associated with cephalothin administration. AB - Variable degrees of acute renal failure developed in three patients receiving therapy with cephalothin sodium. The course and findings were consistent with acute tubular necrosis of the oliguric and nonoliguric types. One patient had protracted oliguria, a second experienced transient oliguria, and one had normal urine output. All had urinary sediment changes consistent with tubular necrosis, and the two oliguric patients had elevated urine sodium concentrations. No other causes for renal failure could be detected, and all recovered after discontinuation of cephalothin therapy, although peritoneal dialysis was required in one patient. These observations indicate that cephalothin is capable of inducing renal damage in man. PMID- 1130925 TI - Indomethacin treatment of pericarditis in chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - Symptomatic pericarditis occurs in the course of maintenance hemodialysis and often requires pericardiectomy in addition to other conventional measures. Three of 11 such patients were treated with frequent dialysis and general supportive treatment. Two of these required pericardiocentesis. The other eight received indomethacin; this was followed by prompt defervescence and abatement of pain within 6 to 24 hours. Only one patient required pericardiocentesis. On every occasion when treatment was discontinued during the first week, symptoms recurred. After three weeks to four months, the drug dosage could be tapered and discontinued. The pericardial aspirate was hemorrhagic in all three patients who required pericardiocentesis. Indomethacin appears to be effective in the treatment of the pericarditis associated with dialysis and precludes the need for invasive procedures. PMID- 1130926 TI - Major factors in the development of diabetes mellitus in 10,000 men. AB - The average annual incidence of diabetes among 8,688 adult men followed up for five years was 8.0/1,000 with Asian, African and Israeli-born having higher rates than European-born. Multivariate analysis of the findings suggested the following: the most significant variables associated with the development of diabetes are overweight and peripheral vascular disease; the high incidence of diabetes in immigrants from Asia and Africa might be an example of Neel's "thrifty genotype" or failure of adaptation to relatively rapid environmental changes; serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, uric acid level, and education were important also; and the probability of developing diabetes within five years rises from 17/1,000 (when the major variables are low or absent) to 450/1,000 (when they are high and present). This has important clinical implications. PMID- 1130927 TI - Insulin therapy in patients with systemic insulin allergy. AB - Insulin was administered to 12 of 15 patients with systemic insulin hypersensitivity. Eight patients with a history of a systemic reaction to insulin but not receiving current therapy were skin-tested and desensitized. Four receiving insulin had temporary dose reduction followed by slow increase to therapeutic levels. No noticeable reactions recurred in any of them. Levels of IgE antibodies against insulin were determined in 12. Substantial elevations were found in eight. These levels declined rapidly in three desensitized patients who were studied in contrast to the slower decline in three patients who were not desensitized. Insulin can be cautiously administered if necessary to patients with prior systemic insulin hypersensitivity. Evidence that IgE antibodies are against the insulin molecule in at least some patients indicates the need for a desensitization regimen. PMID- 1130928 TI - Hereditary pancreatitis. Nonspecificity of aminoaciduria and diagnosis of occult disease. AB - Hereditary pancreatitis appears in many different ways and in a variety of age groups, spanning both pediatric and adult medicine. The variable expression of hereditary pancreatitis is emphasized by the difficulty in diagnosing it in a patient obviously at risk because of a severely affected father and son. The morphine prostigmine test and hypotonic duodenogram were most helpful. Aminoaciduria previously associated with this disorder is coincidental or nonspecifically related to acute pancreatic inflammation. The increased risk for pancreatic carcinoma (about 20%) is emphasized by the concern for that complication in the proband's grandfather. PMID- 1130929 TI - Thyroid function after radiation and surgery for head and neck cancer. AB - Preoperative radiation followed by surgical excision is accepted therapy for head and neck cancer. The effects of these modalities on thyroid function were evaluated in a prospective study. Sixty-one patients were given cobalt 60 radiation. Results showed that 41 patients (67%) were euthyroid, 12 patients (20%) were clinically and chemically hypothyroid, and 8 patients (13%) had transient loss of thyroid reserve. Permanent hypothyroidism occurred frequently in patients with hemithyroidectomy, but rarely in those treated with radiation alone. Onset of hypothyroidism was zero to six months, with transient loss of thyroid reserve occurring up to 18 months. This constitutes the initial report of an ongoing systematic study of thyroid function in such patients. The high incidence of hypothyroidism indicates a need for careful periodic evaluation. PMID- 1130930 TI - Nephrotoxicity of combined cephalothin-gentamicin regimen. AB - Two patients developed acute tubular necrosis, characterized clinically by acute oliguric renal failure, while they were receiving a combination of cephalothin sodium and gentamicin sulfate therapy. Patients who are given this drug regimen should be observed very carefully for early signs of nephrotoxicity. High doses of this antibiotic combination should be avoided especially in elderly patients. Patients with renal insufficiency should not be given this regimen. PMID- 1130931 TI - Howell-Jolly bodies. A clue to splenic infarction. AB - A 74-year-old woman with secondary erythrocytosis was found to have Howell-Jolly bodies in peripheral blood erythrocytes following acute splenic infarction. The Howell-Jolly bodies were a transitory finding and disappeared six days after the infarction, although the spleen remained abnormal by isotope scanning for several weeks. Careful inspection of the peripheral blood film may be an aid in the diagnosis of acute splenic infarction. PMID- 1130932 TI - Renin-secreting clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. AB - A young woman with mild to moderate hypertension and normal PRA, serum potassium levels, and urinary aldosterone excretion rate was found to have a renal tumor by selective renal arteriogram. Renal vein renin activity indicated an increased production of renin from the kidney containing the tumor. At surgery, a clear cell carcinoma of the kidney was found that contained renin activity in excess of the surrounding kidney tissue. The renin activity appeared identical to human kidney renin. Previous renin-producing tumors have been associated with severe hypertension, elevated plasma renin activity, hypokalemia, and elevated urinary aldosterone excretion. This case should call attention to the renin-secreting tumor as a cause of even mild hypertension. PMID- 1130933 TI - Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia associated with a neurofibrosarcoma. AB - A patient with a posterior mediastinal malignant neurofibrosarcoma and recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia was demonstrated to have basal hyperinsulinemia on repeated study. Despite hypoglycemia, there was no glucagon response to aminogenic stimulation. No immunoreactive insulin was detected on extraction of the tumor and no secretory granules of beta type were seen on electron microscopic examination of tumor tissue. Following tumor removal, plasma glucose and insulin levels returned to normal. Alpha cell function improved. These findings suggest stimulation of pancreatic beta cell secretion and possible inhibition of alpha cell response by an extrapancreatic tumor. PMID- 1130934 TI - Narcissism and the readiness for psychotherapy termination. AB - The readiness for termination of psychotherapy is considered from the perspective of the importance of the narcissistic features. After a guiding theoretical orientation, several case vignettes are presented that illustrate outstanding changes in the patient's self seen during the terminal phase of psychotherapy. These include the re-experiencing of narcissistic injury, a differert response to interpretation, and a substantial alteration in the reaction to disappointment. PMID- 1130935 TI - Differentiating criteria for acute-chronic distinction in schizophrenia. AB - Type of onset, presence of precipitating events, mental status, and premorbid instrumental functioning, commonly associated with prognosis in schizophrenia, were studied in relation to the acute-chronic distinction and short-term outcome in 641 schizophrenic patients. Contrary to the general position held by some researchers, none of the clinical predictors (type of onset, precipitating crises, and mental status) appeared to distinguish the two types of schizophrenics, or to contribute substantially to the prediction of readmission. Preadmission social functioning of the two patient groups was more similar than generally indicated by previous reserach. As regards prediction of short-term rehospitalization, the study identified poor relationships with parents, friends, and opposite-sexed peers as important factors for acute patients and antisocial behavior and inability to relate to the opposite sex and others in the community as important variables for chronic patients. PMID- 1130936 TI - Amphetamine-induced dopaminergic hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. Implications in psychosis and human movement disorders. AB - Following chronic amphetamine pretreatment, guinea pigs demonstrate an increased sensitivity to both d-amphetamine sulfate- and apomorphine hydrochloride-induced stereotyped behavior. This observation suggests that chronic exposure to high doses of a dopamine agonist (d-amphetamine) alters the response of the brain to the subsequent administration of both indirect (d-amphetamine) and direct (apomorphine) dopamine agonists. This altered response may be due to the development of dopamine receptor site hypersensitivity. Clinical evidence suggests that a similar agonist-induced hypersensitivity may play a role in the development of dyskinetic movement disorders and psychoses in humans following the chronic use of such dopamine agonists as amphetamine and levodopa. PMID- 1130938 TI - The impact of mass transfer on patient release. AB - In 1971, budget restrictions in New York State provided the impetus for the transfer of 2,174 patients among state hospitals in the mental hygiene system. The discharge rate was greatly increased over what would have been expected, but varied greatly among the receiving hospitals. The major factor relating to this difference appears to be the values and beliefs of the receiving hospitals as to the proper placement of patients. The patient's return to the hospital after discharge did not relate to a liberal discharge policy, but seemed to depend on whether or not the patient was physically healthy and could meet minimal social role expectations. Factor usually associated with probability of discharge are analyzed, but while some, such as age, affect chances of discharge, none are as potent predictors as the type of hospital. PMID- 1130937 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary function in anorexia nervosa. AB - We studied nine patients with anorexia nervosa: five were "undernourished" and four were "well-nourished". The undernourished patients had significantly higher plasma growth hormone (GH) levels in a fasting state and higher GH rebounds following glucose administration. In four of these patients, GH levels decreased to normal after weight restoration. Decreased urinary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in three and plasma luteinizing hormone in six patients were not related to nutritional status; however, positive correlation was found between duration of illness and urinary FSH. Other results included decreased plasma testosterone in the one male, elevated plasma cortisol in five, and decreased 17 ketosteroid excretion in five patients. The results support elevated GH as secondary to starvation of anorexia nervosa and not an independent hypothalamic pituitary disturbance. Other endocrine findings indicate hypothalamic-pituitary malfunction is not confined to GH. PMID- 1130939 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the thyroid gland of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri. (a part of phylogenetic studies of the thyroid gland). PMID- 1130940 TI - Mesenchymal origin of bursal lymphoid cells in Japanese quails. PMID- 1130941 TI - A scanning electron microscope study on the endothelium of vessels. II. Fine surface structure of the endocardium in normal rabbits and rats. PMID- 1130942 TI - Uptake and intracellular localization of exogenous L-DOPA, L-leucine and their metabolites in the gastro-enteric endocrine cells of the mouse studied by electron microscope autoradiography. PMID- 1130943 TI - Synthesis of [1]benzothiopyrano[4,3,2-cd]indole-6,6-dioxides [(author's transl)]. PMID- 1130944 TI - Synthesis of pyrimidine-4.5-dicarboximide [(author's transl)]. PMID- 1130945 TI - A new synthesis of psoralene [(author's transl)]. PMID- 1130946 TI - Ring cleavage of 1,2-dihydro-3,1-benzoxazines, II [(author's transl)]. PMID- 1130947 TI - Synthesis of betaphynyl-isoserines by ammonolysis of beta-phenylglycidates II [(author's transl)]. PMID- 1130948 TI - Carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid derivatives of chalcone and chalcone epoxide [(author's transl)]. PMID- 1130949 TI - [Diuretics of the s-triazine series by cyclization of biguanides]. PMID- 1130950 TI - [Transposition of dihydroisoquinoline. 23. Synthesis of a 1-(picolyl-n-oxide isoquinoline and various derivatives]. PMID- 1130951 TI - Benzo[b]-indeno[2,1-e]-pyrone-(4) [(author's transl)]. PMID- 1130952 TI - On the stability of terpenoids in extracts and solutions with varying alcohol concentrations [(author's transl)]. PMID- 1130953 TI - [The benzo-1,2,3-triazine ring system as basis of potentially virustatic compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130954 TI - [Metabolism of trans-tilidine: isolation and identification of the metabolite from human urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130955 TI - [Synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-pyrroles (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130956 TI - [Cyanogen-isothiocyanate, a new pseudohalogen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130957 TI - [Two new ring systems: pyrrolo(2,3-d)lazimide and pyrrolo(2,3-e)lthia-diazine (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130958 TI - [Reactions of diphenylcarbinols with phosphoric acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130959 TI - [Synthesis and mass spectroscopic analysis of some tert.-butyl thienyl-, pyrrolyl and furyl-carbamates (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130960 TI - [3-(Pyridylmethyl)- and 3-(piperidylmethyl)-5-hydroxyindoles (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130961 TI - [Photoreactions of bis-phthalimidomethyl-alkylamines (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130962 TI - [The stability of 1-methoxyiminopentadienes (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130963 TI - [Reactions of 1-amino-thioxanthone-6,6-dioxides with formamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130964 TI - [Unsaturated oximes. 13. Separation of the isomeric pentadeuterobenzylidene acetone-oximes]. PMID- 1130965 TI - [Spiro compounds of dihydropyridazine]. PMID- 1130966 TI - [Diene like synthesis of dihydropyranes by acetolysis of Mannich bases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130967 TI - [Synthesis of pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidines (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130968 TI - [Nucleophilis substitution in course of the Baker-Venkataraman-rearrangement (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130969 TI - [Influence of the properties of the binding agent on the consistence of granulates (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130971 TI - [Synthesis of the 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4-oxathine-ring from dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130970 TI - [Investigations on beta ketosters (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130972 TI - [Attempts to synthesize N-arylsubstituted derivatives of cyclophosphamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130973 TI - [Investigation of the ninhydrin-reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1130974 TI - [Barbituric acid derivatives. 18. Oxidative elimination of the cyclohexenyl residue in N-methylcyclobarbital and hexobarbital]. PMID- 1130975 TI - [Sigma-complexes of trinitrobenzoic acid derivatives]. PMID- 1130976 TI - [Barbituric acid derivatives. 19. 5-Ethyl-5-propyl-1N-methylbarbituric acid]. PMID- 1130978 TI - Effeminacy. II. Variation with social context. AB - In Part II, effeminacy in an in vivo social situation was studied and the Effeminacy Scale described in Part I was tested. Nineteen subjects were studied and videotaped while participating in four encounter groups, of which two were homosexual and two heterosexual. There were large situational variations in expressivity of effeminacy during group meetings. High-frequency levels of effeminate responses were observed to parallel high levels of anxiety or anger. At other times, effeminate responses were observed which seemed to subserve sexual signaling functions or which seemed related to narcissistic retreat (self cuddling) or castration anxiety (e.g., cupping the genitals). Interrater reliability with the Effeminacy Scale for two nonprofessional raters viewing the same videotaped material from the group was 0.93 (Pearson r). PMID- 1130977 TI - Effeminacy. I. A quantitative rating scale. AB - Although effeminacy is recognized to be a complex and important phenomenon, until now it has been only scantily studied, and has not been clearly defined or measured. In this paper, we review the literature and present an Effeminacy Rating Scale that quantifies the behavioral fragments comprising the overall clinical picture of effeminacy. We also present data obtained in a trial of the scale on a sample of 16 homosexual and 16 heterosexual males. The scale was found to have a high interrater reliability (0.93) and can therefore be used to study effeminacy quantitatively. PMID- 1130979 TI - Traumatic phallic amputation during infancy. AB - An unusual case of phallic amputation is reported because it highlights the complex issues involved in considering transsexual surgery during early life. The lack of ambiguity regarding this patient's physiological gender at the age of 15 months permitted his management to rest solely on the long-range social and developmental implications of his phallic defect. The impact of this event on the child's family, on the community, and on professional workers was profound, leading to a series of circumstances that affected objectivity and the decision making process. The decision to retain the male gender was based on the uncertain long-range effects of the loss of capacity for procreation and the surgical procedures and hormone therapy necessitated by gender change. PMID- 1130980 TI - Ablatio penis: normal male infant sex-reassigned as a girl. AB - Forty-five cases of genetic males were assigned and habilitated as females, 43 because of a congenitally defective penis (micropenis with or without hypospadias), and two because of infantile ablatio penis. One of the latter has an identical twin brother as a control. Now 9 years old, she has differentiated a female gender identity in marked contrast to the male gender identity of her brother. Some of the other patients are now adolescent or adult in age. They demonstrate that the twin can expect to be feminine in erotic expression and sexual life. Maintained on estrogen therapy, she will have normal feminine physique and a sexually attractive appearance. She will be able to establish motherhood by adoption. PMID- 1130981 TI - Premarital coitus and commitment among college students. AB - In contrast to some popular speculations about a massive increase in sexual behavior labeled "permissiveness without commitment," this survey of 2453 undergraduate students from four geographical areas in the United States provides data which suggest a behavioral pattern of "permissiveness with commitment." This pattern of "coitus with commitment" was evident not only for females, but for males as well. With minor exceptions, the pattern was detected for both sexes in all four geographical regions. Speculation is made about ways in which this pattern may be one outcome of the alleged intersex convergence in sexual attitudes and behavior among American college youth. Implications are drawn for the increment of theory. PMID- 1130982 TI - Transsexualism in Vietnam. AB - The case described is that of a man raised in the Vietnamese peasant countryside who clearly fits the transsexual syndrome. On physical examination he appears to be a normal male, yet he insists that he is a female. He dresses as a woman and is able to successfully "pass" in society. He relates that he felt he was a female from earliest childhood. He prefers nonhomosexual men, denies any heterosexual experience, and has an all-consuming desire for the sexual transformation operation. This paper focuses on the social aspect of transsexualism and the manner a society, particularly the Vietnamese, may handle transsexual behavior. These ways can be seen to fall into a continuum. On one end, sexual role reversal is institutionalized and transsexual-like behavior is carried on according to a prescribed cultural pattern. The Vietnamese "hermaphroditic witch" could be included in this category. In the middle of the continuum, the idiosyncratic transsexual is provided an acceptable cultural role, and he therefore should be visible when he occurs. The Vietnamese young person who cross-dresses could perhaps be in this category. On the other extreme, the transsexual role is not conceivable or, at best, is very marginal. Here, the transsexual remains hidden in the general culture and can only be detected, as the person described in this paper, by accident. PMID- 1130983 TI - Sexuality in Samoan art forms. AB - This article explores the manifestations of sexuality in Samona as they are revealed through songs, poetry, dance, gestures, verbal expressions, stories, and games. For each of these art forms, texts, and translations of original material are presented, as an aid to discerning the uses and functions of sexuality as they are applied by Samoans for Samoans; to this end, formulalized joking of various types is seen as the medium through which the humorous element of sexuality is expressed. Elsewhere, sexuality functions to achieve and sustain individual attention. The explicitly sexuality functions to achieve and sustain individual attention. The explicitly sexual references in duneral and marriage songs, on the other hand, constitute affirmations of social values, incorporated in long-established rites. In what is tantamount to artistic license, performance of song, poetry, and dance containing sexual elements or references that would be prohibited in other contexts is constituted as acceptable behavior. In marked contrast to nineteenth-century writings, and the opinions of the popular press, sexuality in Samoa is far from free in its modes of expression, but rather adheres to traditional formalized patterns which determine its occasions, participants, and verbal and kinetic limits. Although not indispensable as a means of personal expression, it generally provides additional opportunities for the creative and aggressive individual to demonstarate his artistic talents and therby contribute to his own social elevation. As an element of verbalized group sentiment, it is a positive assertion of Samoan values, astatement of social solidarity. PMID- 1130984 TI - Cognitive and hormonal factors accecting coital frequency. AB - Sexual behavior of female undergraduates was assessed by daily questionnaries. Of the 24 subjects, 13 were taking oral contraceptives ("pill" subjects) and 11 were using other methods of birth control ("nonpill" subjects), primarily diaphragm or male prophylactic methods. Three main results were obtained: (1) Intercourse rates were lowest during menstruation and highest immediately following menstruation. (2) Self-rated sexual arousal on a given day correlated with the type of heterosexual encouters on that day rather than with period of the menstrual cycle. (3) Pill subjects reported intercourse on more days than nonpill subjects but reported a lower number of intercourse sessions on day with intercourse than nonpill subjects. These results are interpreted within a general framework of sexual behavior which recognizes the sexual behavior of humans as primarily influenced by cultural and cognitive factors. The possibility is discussed that female sexual behavior might also be found to be affected by hormones if more sensitive measures were used. PMID- 1130985 TI - Secondary orgasmic dysfunction. I. Analysis and strategies for treatment. AB - Following treatment of six cases of primary orgasmic dysfunction and six cases of secondary orgasmic dysfunction, an analysis of assessment and outcome data indicated that (1)clients with secondary orgasmic dysfunction and those with primary orgasmic dysfunction did not differ significantly in most aspects of sexual behavior before treatment; (2) before treatment, secondary orgasmic dysfunction tended to be associated with a disturbed marital relationship, while primary orgasmic dysfunction did not; (3) following a behavioral treatment program focused on anxiety reduction and sexual skill training, organism in coitus was attained by clients with primary orgasmic dysfunction but not by clients with secondary orgasmic dysfunction. Based on these findings, suggestions for effective treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction are made. PMID- 1130986 TI - Secondary orgasmic dysfunction. II. Case study. AB - The treatment of a case of secondary orgasmic dysfunction is described. In this case, a direct behavioral retraining program was employed to increase the couple's repertoire of effective sexual behaviors. An extinction and successive approximation procedure was used to transfer ortasmic responsiveness from solitary masturbation to heterosexual coitus. Since other data have indicated that nonsexual marriage problems contribute to the maintenance of secondary orgasmic dysfunction, a direct, confrontive intervention into the marital relationship was made concurrent with the sexual retraining program. Outcome data are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the reatment procedures. PMID- 1130987 TI - The sex offenses of blacks and whites. AB - Little is currently known about differences in the sex offenses of blacks and whites ii the 1nited states. Many major studies of sexual behavior and of sex offenders have purposely excluded data on blacks. This paper presents comparative data on 47 black and 47 white sex offenders in terms of the nature of the offense and victim characteristics. It was found that black offenders weremore likely than white offenders to engage invaginal intercourse with their victims, showed a trend to use force in their offenses, and were more likely to select adult female victims. These differences, however, appear to be due primarily to class rather than racial differences. Limitations of these dataare discussed. PMID- 1130988 TI - The fetish object: phylogenetic considerations. AB - Direct observations of behavior evoked by a fetish object (wet shoe) in one patient are reported. The intrinsic qualities of an object endowing it with fetish power are reported. The intrinsic qualities of an object endowing it with fetish power are examined. Such qualities may be related to human perceptual preferences, a product of phylogeny, stemming from such factors as the primate interest in body parts and extracorporeal objects. The capicity to relate to an inanimate object including the assimilation of the object by variedmotor acts reflects the crucial role of objects (tools) in hominid evolution. Also phylogenetically based is the human capacity to assign mutiple meanings to an object. PMID- 1130989 TI - Letter: Cyclic changes in horomones and behavior. PMID- 1130990 TI - Editorial: Too many medical society meetings? PMID- 1130991 TI - Drug-induced colitis mimicking an acute surgical condition of the abdomen. AB - Pseudomembranous colitis secondary to antibiotic therapy has received increasing recognition. During a one-year period, eight of 42 patients with this entity had findings closely resembling an acute surgical condition of the abdomen manifested by fever, leukocytosis, and severe abdominal pain and tenderness. All eight patients received clindamycin and two were also given lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate. Differentiation from an acute surgical condition of the abdomen was difficult until the characteristic findings of pseudomembranous colitis were noted on proctoscopic examination. Unnecessary celiotomy was averted in all patients. Seven of eight patients responded to discontinuation of the antibiotic and supportive measures; one required a diverting ileostomy. Drug-induced colitis must be an important consideration in any patient recently receiving antibiotics who develops fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. PMID- 1130992 TI - Secondary arterial repair. The management of late failures in reconstructive arterial surgery. AB - The incidence and success of secondary operations after reconstructive arterial surgery were studied in a series of 4,247 cases of aneurysmal and occlusive arterial disease. Postoperative complications requiring secondary operations occurred, in order of frequency, as the result of defective healing (including infection), deterioration of the arterial implant, and degenerative arterial changes in the site of surgical intervention. A large variety of surgical techniques were used for correction, such as total replacement, segmental resection and replacement, remote bypass, thrombectomy, and partial excision and reanastomosis. Wth the exception of complications due to infection, the results of repair were good in 60% to 90% of the various categories; only 40% of the infected grafts could be managed without the loss of life or limb. The results appear to justify the trend noted in recent years to a more aggressive use of secondary, salvage operations. PMID- 1130993 TI - Vascular injuries associated with fractures of the femur. AB - Over a five-year period, 21 patients were seen with vascular injuries associated with fractures of the femur. In 19, vascular repair was performed at the time of the acute injury. The average interval from injury to repair was 15 hours. Arterial injuries included transection, intimal flap, laceration, avulsion, and false aneurysm. End-to-end repair was done in 11 cases, and autogenous vein grafting in nine. One artery was ligated for false aneurysm. In the 19 acute cases, internal fixation was used in eight; this method of immobilization resulted in two major amputations and three cases of anterior tibial compartment necrosis. Of 11 patients who had external immobilization, two eventually required amputation because of massive soft tissue injury. Internal bone fixation is not necessary for successful vascular repair and seemed to cause greater limb and tissue loss, probably due to prolonged ischemia time. If internal bone fixation is used, the artery should be repaired before the bone. PMID- 1130994 TI - Pseudocysts of the pancreas. Review of 71 cases. AB - During the period of 1962 to 1972, 71 patients underwent surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Internal drainage was performed in 73% of these patients in comparison to only 20% in a series during the previous decade. From an analysis of results, it would appear that the treatment of choice is internal drainage via either cystogastrostomy or cystojejunostomy. Postoperative bleeding and sepsis were of negligible consequence. An unexpected finding was that the long-term results of these patients seemed to be better than those of patients with pancreatitis in whom pseudocysts did not develop. PMID- 1130995 TI - Acute renal failure complicating ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm complicated by renal failure is associated with a mortality greater than 90%. Aggressive management, which included the early use of hemodialysis, was employed. Between 1970 and 1973, a total of 43 patients had surgery for proved ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Fourteen patients developed acute and fixed renal failure. Nine of these 14 patients had undergone hemodialysis with treatments beginning as early as the second postoperative day and lasting as long as ten weeks. There were six survivors, with a hospital mortality of 33%. This represents an improvement in survival compared with our earlier experience where the mortality in this type of patient was 93%. Early use of hemodialysis in the postoperative management of patients with acute renal failure complicating ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is recommended. PMID- 1130996 TI - Acute perforated duodenal ulcer. An evaluation of surgical management. AB - The surgical management of acute perforated duodenal ulcer has been evaluated in 360 patients. Simple closure was done in 254 patients, with a mortality of 6.7%, a morbidity of 21%, and an average hospital stay of 11.9 days. In 106 patients (29%) who underwent definitive operation for treatment of duodenal ulcer disease at time of perforation, the mortality was 2.8%, the morbidity was 15%, and the average hospital stay was nine days. Follow-up studies of simple closure in patients with no previous ulcer symptoms showed that 72% of the patients remained asymptomatic; in patients with previous ulcer symptoms, only 23% were asymptomatic. Definitive operation for acute perforation is indicated in good risk patients who have a history of ulcers. Parietal cell vagotomy and simple closure was used in four patients with excellent early results. PMID- 1130997 TI - Management of the recurrent ulcer. AB - One hundred seventeen patients with recurrent ulcer were treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center. The most satisfactory results were obtained when vagotomy was employed in the surgical therapy. Seventy-one of 91 patients treated by operation had a satisfactory result. In nine patients a second operation was required, and three patients underwent a third operative procedure. Twenty-one additional patients were satisfactorily treated medically so that, overall, 92 of 117 patients (79%) had a good result. Twelve patients had residual symptoms and 13 were lost to follow-up. There were no deaths attributable to recurrent ulcer in the entire series. PMID- 1130998 TI - Lobular carcinoma of the breast in situ. Are we too radical in its treatment? AB - Twenty-four patients (average age, 46 years) with 29 instances of lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast have been treated from 1952 to 1971 at the Henry Ford Hospital (incidence, 1%). Six patients had bilateral lesions, one synchronous and 5 metachronous. The initial complaint in 23 of 24 patients was a mass in the breast. Diagnosis was based on permanent histologic section as mammorgraphy and frozen section analysis were inconclusive. Treatment consisted of radical mastectomy in six, modified radical mastectomy in five, and simple mastectomy in 20. All lymph nodes recovered showed no metastatic disease. All patients are alive and well with no evidence of disease. Based on our experience, we recommend a simple mastectomy for treatment of lobular carcinoma in situ with contraleteral bipsy examination in those instances when clinical or roentgenographic evidence suggests a pathologic process. PMID- 1130999 TI - Acute acalculous cholecystitis. Complication of other illnesses in childhood. AB - Seventy-four cases of acalculous cholecystitis in infants and children (seven personal cases and 67 from the literature) were analyzed. In 45 cases the cholecystitis appeared as a complication of another illness. The primary illnesses in our patients were leptospirosis (four cases), diarrhea (two cases), and third-degree burns (one case). All seven children were critically ill. Abdominal pain and an abdominal mass were present in all. Fever was present in six of the seven patients, jaundice in four. Tube cholecystostomies were done in all cases. After recovery from their illness, the five surviving patients had normal bilary tracts when studied by cholangiography via the tube. Acute acalculous cholecystitis in infancey and childhood as a complication of injury or illness should be treated as an undrained abcess. PMID- 1131000 TI - Hepatic cell adenomas, spontaneous liver rupture, and oral contraceptives. AB - During the past decade, an increasing number of hepatic cell adenomas have been reported. Sppntaneous rupture, a life-threatening complication of this rare tumor, has been noted more frequently. Eight patients with hepatic cell adenomas have been treated at our center. Three patients first developed symptoms from hemoperitoneum. Palpable tumors were discovered in three asymptomatic patients during routine examinations. Two patients had upper abdominal pain from intrahepatic hemorrhage. All patients were young women using oral contraceptive agents. Emergent hepatic lobectomy was performed in the three patients with rupture. The other five patients underwent selective angiographic studies, prior to elective liver resections. All survived operation and have done well since. The increased incidence of hepatic cell adenomas may be related to the use of oral contraceptive agents. PMID- 1131001 TI - Arterial fibrodysplasia. Histopathologic character and current etiologic concepts. AB - Arterial fibrodysplasia affected 196 patients (172 females, 24 males) harboring a total of 316 diseased vessels. Renal artery lesions were documented in 152 adult and 25 pediatric patients. Superior mesenteric, celiac, common hepatic, and external iliac arteries were occasionally involved. Intimal fibroplasia and medial hyperplasia are uncommon types of arterial dysplasia. Medical fibroplasia represents a continum of disease, including pathologic processes heretofore categorized as subadventital or perimedial fibroplasia. A previously unrecognized form of perimedial dysplasia, characterized by dense accumulations of elastic tissue about the periphery of the media, is reported as a distinct pathologic entity. Hormonal influences, traction-stretch stresses, and peculiarities in distribution of vasa vasorum in vessels affected by dysplastic processes may be prerequisite to the evolution of arterial fibrodysplasia. PMID- 1131002 TI - A series of 20 successful Warren shunts. AB - Recent reports suggest that the distal splenorenal shunt does fulfill its physiological promises. The portal and the gastroesophagealsplenic areas are divided into separate "venous watersheds." As a result, varices are decompressed but portal hypertension is preserved. It should, therefore, have its greatest advantage for patients with the most severe impairment of hepatic reserve. In this evaluation, the procedure was considered the operation of choice for all shunt candidates who had a patent splenic vein. A series of 20 patients, 12 with Laennec cirrhosis, seven with postnecrotic cirrhosis, and one with Wilson disease, survived shunting and were discharged from the hospital. One patient died of hepatic coma eight weeks after operation. If lengthy follow-up studies confirm its capacity to prevent hemorrhage, the distal splenorenal shunt may be the safest elective shunt operation for patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 1131003 TI - Acute gastric disease after cutaneous thermal injury. AB - Diffuse erosive "gastritis" was discovered as early as five hours postinjury in 45 of 54 burn patients (83.5%) evaluated by gastroduodenoscopy. Acute ulcers were identified in 14 patients (26%); concomitant duodenal disease was present in 34 patients (76%). Microvascular fibrin thrombi were not demonstrated even though five patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation. Seven patients were examined before nasogastric intubation; four, with a mean burn size of 59.6% total body surface, had diffuse "gastritis." Low total serum protein levels were measured in 81% of tested patients, but were not predictive of mucosal disease. Hemorrhage followed the clinical deterioration of six patients (11.1%); one ulcer perforated. Whereas coagulation abnormalities, nasogastric intubation, and hypoproteinemia may augment mucosal injury, the morphologic and histologic examinations of the lesions suggested a primary ischemic cause resulting from the opening of submucosal shunts or local vasoconstriction. PMID- 1131004 TI - Radioisotope detection of venous thrombosis. Venous scan vs fibrinogen uptake test. AB - Experience with the fibrinogen uptake test and the technetium Tc 99m albumin aggregated venous scan in 89 patients showed the latter to be adequate for simultaneous screening for plumonary embolism and venous thrombosis of the lower extremities and pelvis. Because the fibrinogen uptake test differentiated active from inactive venous thrombosis, it is indicated when anticoagulation is considered for patients with a history of thrombophlebitis and equivocal clinical findings of acute activity. It can also be used to monitor high-risk patients and to detect proximal propagation of thrombi. The results of the technetium venous scan were abnormal in 97% of patients with venous thrombosis and the fibrinogen uptake test detected 100% of patients with acute activity. Both tests react to different aspects of the thrombotic disease, thus complementing each other. Because of their reliability, indications for phlebography are now less frequent. PMID- 1131005 TI - Management of parathyroid glands in surgery for medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Of 13 patients treated surgically for familial medullary thyroid carcinoma in whom parathyroid tissue was availabe, the majority showed parathyroid abnormalities (hyperplasia in sis, tumors in five). Two patients had had renal calculi. No correlation was evident between the presence of the parathyroid tumors and peripheral blood levels of parathyroid hormone. Hyperparathyroidism is usually mild, but occasionally it results in complications of hypercalcemia. Hyperparathyroidism has not appeared to date following removal of medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with normal-sized but microscopically hyperplastic parathyroids. Evidence of parathyroid abnormalities has not been recognized in eight patients with sporadic medullary carcinoma, making genetic factors dominant in explaining the association of parathyroid hyperplasia and this carcinoma. At operation, parathyroid glands should be evaluated and those that are grossly enlarged removed while preserving parathyroid function. PMID- 1131006 TI - Success rate of cervical exploration for hyperparathyroidism. AB - In a three-year experience with 361 patients who underwent exploratory surgery for hyperparathyroidism, the success rate for primary cervical operations was 95% and that for secondary operations (cervical and mediastinal) was 62%; for all operations, it was 94%. The three most important factors in determining successful cervical exploration of the parathyroid glands are correct preoperative diagnosis, meticulous surgical technique, and accurate determination of abnormal locations of pathologic conditions. Ancillary studies or techniques for preoperative localization of parathyroid tissue were utilized in only a few patients who had unusually complicated problems. The results of this study suggest that, because of cost, time involvement, and potential risk, selective venous sampling with radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone or arteriography or both should be reserved for complicated problems and for patients being considered for a second or third exploratory operation. PMID- 1131007 TI - Esophageal stricture secondary to reflux esophagitis. AB - Since 1966 we have used esophageal dilation plus Nissen fundoplication as our sole method of treating esophageal strictures caused by reflux esophagitis. Twenty-six patients were treated for esophageal strictures. Dysphagia, vomiting, and weight loss were the main complaints. All had roentgenographic evidence of esophageal stricture confirmed by endoscopy. All patients had preoperative or intraoperative dilation of the stenotic segment with a Hurst dilator, followed by Nissen fundoplication as the antireflux operation of choice. This more conservative approach, which corrects both the reflux and stricture problem, has not been associated with mortality nor has there been any morbidity associated with the dilation procedure. All patients thus treated have remained asymptomatic on normal alimentation for the follow-up period, which ranges from six months to seven years. PMID- 1131008 TI - Posterior resection of selected rectal tumors. AB - Villous adenoma is an unusual tumor of the colon, occuring largely in the rectum, that can usually be cured by adequate local excision. Over a five-year period, seven patients with villous adenoma of the retroperitoneal rectum and one poor-risk patient with adenocarcinoma were treated by posterior local excision of the tumor. All of them had large tumors with a wide base of attachment. Their average age was 67 years and they have been observed for an average of 36 months. There were no deaths and no substantial complications except a fecal fistula in one patient that required a temporary colostomy. One patient had a local recurrence of the benign villous adenoma after 47 months. The technique of posterior resection is simple and well tolerated. Posterior resection should not be used for adenocarcinoma of the rectum of a more radical procedure is possible. PMID- 1131009 TI - Metabolic intestinal surgery. Its complications and management. AB - From November 1970 to August 1974 small intestinal bypass was performed in 475 patients for morbid obesity with an operative mortality of 1.6%. Immediate postoperative complications were superficial wound infection (17 patients), pulmonary complications (seven patients), cardiac complications (five patients), wound dehiscence (nine patients), intestinal tract fistula (four patients), and miscellaneous complications (14 patients). Delayed complications included hypokalemia (28%), hypocalcemia (9%), anemia (11%), calcium oxalate urinary calculi (6%), gout (2%), and hepatic failure (1.4%). Fourteen patients died of late complications. Ventral incisional hernia occurred in 3% of the patients; failure to lose sufficient weight in 21%, all but one occurring in patients with end-to-side shunts. Thirteen end-to-side shunts have been converted to end-to-end shunts because of insufficient weight loss. A team concept is important in the handling of the morbidly obese. Small bowel bypass is effective in producing sustained weight reduction in these patients. Careful and continued study of these patients for the rest of their lives is of paramount importance. PMID- 1131010 TI - [Chronic venous stasis as a cause of morphologic reorganization of a lymph node]. PMID- 1131011 TI - [The semilunar processes of the cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 1131012 TI - [The structure of the anterior arterial tract of the human spinal cord]. PMID- 1131013 TI - [A polarized optical study of the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve in humans]. PMID- 1131014 TI - [The condition of the chromosome apparatus in bone marrow, lymph node and blood cells treated by different methods]. PMID- 1131015 TI - [Golgi complex structure in intimal cells of the aorta under normal and experimental conditions]. PMID- 1131016 TI - [Evolutionary histology and comparative histology]. PMID- 1131017 TI - [Changes in the thickness of myocardial muscle fibers during human ontogenesis]. PMID- 1131018 TI - [Topographic features of the lining of the pericardial cavity and its reactive changes]. PMID- 1131019 TI - [The neuronal structure and ultrastructural organization of the medial nucleus of the optic tract in rats (a light-electron microscopic study)]. PMID- 1131020 TI - [The spatial organization of cat auditory cortex neuronal assemblies]. PMID- 1131021 TI - [Neuronal organization of the intermediate nucleus of the cat cerebellum]. PMID- 1131022 TI - [Interneuronal relationships in the prefrontal cortex of the dog brain]. PMID- 1131023 TI - [A morphometric analysis of cat brain caudate nucleus cytoarchitectonics]. PMID- 1131024 TI - [Vascularization and innervation of irradiated, traumatized muscle upon stimulation of the recuperative process by transplanting fragmented muscle tissue]. PMID- 1131025 TI - [A device for lyophilic drying of tissues]. PMID- 1131026 TI - [Changes in the soleus muscle with decreased function]. PMID- 1131028 TI - [Structure of the neurons of the spiral and vestibular ganglia and changes in them under conditions of adequate stimulation]. AB - The ganglionic cells of the eighth nerve ganglia were studied. The cells of the vestibular and spiral ganglion were similar in structure. Changes in the ultrastructure involving the mitochondrial apparatus, and squamous endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus took place in the ganglionic cells under effects of stimulation (sound, angular accelerations, vibration). These shifts appear to be morphological manifestations of the ganglionic cell metabolism under the influence of a specific stimulus. PMID- 1131027 TI - [The ultrastructure of carp granulocytes]. PMID- 1131029 TI - [The state of the neural elements of the intestine in the aging organism]. AB - The small intestine of the ageing human (15 cases from 70 to 88 years of age) and dogs (20 cases from 15 to 20 years of age) was treated by histological and neuro histological methods. Vacuolic dystrophy of neurons and hyperplasia, thickening of their processes were found. Different formations up to 15 in number and from 20 to 60 mkm in size were revealed in the dog small intestine wall along the course of the nerve fibre. They were of pear-like, oval or round shape. Inside these formations sometimes there occur disfibration of neurofibrilles resulting in formation of structures which resemble incapsulated sensory apparatus. In the human small intestine the bodies and processes of neurons suffer most of all, while in the dog the nerve conductors do. PMID- 1131030 TI - [Adrenergic innervation of the rabbit heart]. PMID- 1131031 TI - [The role of the buds and myoblasts in reparative regeneration of muscle fibers of the skeletal type]. AB - The reparative regeneration of the tibial muscle of the frog was studied. Both light proper-muscular nuclei and dark subsarcolemmal ones (from the author's point of view--the nuclei of cells-satellites) take part in it. The former are not labelled with H-3-thymidine do not divide mitotically, do not incorporate H-3 uridine and multiply by fragmentation. During the latter they lyse. From them the end buds are formed which develop into "primary" myosymplasts. The second type nuclei, when secreting RNA and DNA, form myoblasts which divide mitotically. The primary myosymplasts serve as a framework along which the myoblasts move and participate in the myofibrilles formation. New muscle fibres develop through a confluence of myoblasts with one another, first forming sharply basophilic "secondary" myosymplasts on the surface of slightly basophilic "primary" ones. They become thicker through multiple deposition of joining myoblasts on the surface. The last of them remain isolated, apparently, in the role of new satellites. PMID- 1131032 TI - [The histological structure of the adrenals in three species of desert rodents]. AB - Distinctions of the histological structure of the adrenal gland are especially pronounced in the order of rodents where even the generally accepted scheme of the zonal nature of the adrenal cortex proves to be insufficient for description. Under study was the histological structure of the adrenal of the gopher Spermophilopsis leptodactylus L., jerboa Dipus sagitta Pall. and gerbil Rhombomys opimus. The material of the study consisted of the adrenals of animals at different age and sex from the Kyzyl-Kum desert. The conditions of field collecting did not allow histochemical treatment of the material and only general histological analysis was undertaken. Characteristic features of the gopher adrenals are: a peculiar compression zone, absence of a pronounced juxtamedullary zone while a connective tissue layer being present between the cortex and medulla, availability in the medulla of one type of cells producing adrenaline. The adrenal of the jerboa is characterized by absence of a compression and a juxta-medullary zone, as well as of a connective tissue layer between the cortex and medulla, availability of two different types of cells in the medulla which produce different catecholamines. The adrenal of the gerbil is characterized by a less, as compared with other rodents, lipid in the cortex, absence of a pronounced reticular zone and presence of two types of cells in the medulla. PMID- 1131033 TI - [A morphofunctional analysis of the exocrine division of the pancreas subjected to disrupted innervation]. AB - The functional state of the pancreas of the cat was studied light and electron microscopically 14 days after a removal of the solar plexus at different periods after feeding. It was established that disturbed innervation retained the capacity of the gland to respond to a food stimulus, but resulted in development of certain neurodystrophical changes in the organ which could be divided into two categories: 1) disorders observed permanently at both microscopic and submicroscopic levels and having degenerative character and involving an inconsiderable part of the organ. 2) Ultrastructural lesions involving more expansive zones of the organ parenchyma and developing in pancreacytes during their functioning. These processes did not result in death of the gland cell but disturbed its normal secretory activity. Possible mechanisms of the found changes are discussed. PMID- 1131034 TI - [Characteristics of the vascular-capillary network and the relationship between capillaries and cells in the nucleus of Luys in the cat during postnatal ontogenesis]. AB - The development of the Luy's nucleus of the cat is not accomplished by birth time. Complex relationships between nerve cell and capillaries continue to change during postnatal ontogenesis. The function of the Luy's nucleus becomes perfect by the third month. It should be noted that maturation of nerve cells and the vascular network goes not in parallel: the enlargement of the nerve cell occurs smoothly while the increase of the vascular-capillary network density is undulatory. There are three peaks in the development of vascular-capillary network: the 20th day, one month and a half, adult cat. PMID- 1131035 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the capillaries of the renal glomeruli and parenchyma following acute ischemia]. AB - The ultrastructural changes of the capillaries of the renal glomerule and the parenchyma of the kidney were studied in 20 albino rats after clamping the vascular peduncle of the left kidney for 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 3 hours without a following recovery of the blood flow. In 30 minutes pinocytosis was increased in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of glomerule capillaries. In the cytopodia there appeared vacuoles. The brush border was swallen, its separate growings acquired a bulb-like shape. Microplasmatosis of the internal plasmolemma of the endothelium appeared after 1--2--3-hour ischemia. The basal layer of capillaries became wider, with uneven contours and partly homogenized. Cytopodia became deformed and more close. The brush border was rejected in some places. Mitochondria were swallen, crists lost their parallelism, their amount became less. PMID- 1131036 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the microcirculatory bed of the cochlear portion of the otic labyrinth]. AB - It has been shown that the microcirculatory system of the cohlear portion of the labyrinth is a complex of vessels adapted to the organ function. The analysis of the blood passages in the cochlear channel has shown that in accordance with the organ structure there occurs a spacious subdivision of the micrcirculatory bed into working units (segments) which are functionally integrated into a single microcirculatory system. Quantitative estimation of the microcirculatory system parameters has shown that 1) the blood volume which comes into the microcirculatory system is distributed between the vessels as following: 26%- arterioles: 8%--precapillaries; 29%--capillaries; 8%--postcapillaries and 29%- venules. 2) 639 capillaries fall on 1 mm-2 of the vascular strip and their diffuse surface is 1,3 mm-2. PMID- 1131037 TI - [An roentgeno-anatomic study of intrafamilial similarities in the development of the human skeleton and soft tissues]. AB - Correlation coefficients of the size of the hand bones and the thickness of soft tissues of the shoulder and forearm were calculated for different combinations of close relative pairs. The relation of the mother with children proved to be closer than that of the father. According to osteometrical signs of the hand the similarity in pairs father/daughter was more pronounced than in pairs father/son. A greater degree of relation in pairs father/son was characteristic of the thickness of soft tissues of the shoulder and forearm. The gonosomal inheritance of osteometrical signs and autosomal inheritance of the soft tissue development is suggested. PMID- 1131038 TI - [The arterial bed of the spinal cord in newborn infants following segmental artery ligation]. AB - The aim of the investigation was to find out the number of ligated segmental arteries which did not cause neurological spinal complications. The segmental arteries were ligated at different distances from the aorta and in different numbers. A unilateral ligation of 1--8 segmental arteries near their branching from the aorta did not result in alterations of the arterial bed of the spinal cord. A bilateral symmetrical ligation of 4--5 segmental arteries next to aorta caused a poor filling of root vessels. Uni- and bilateral ligations of 3--4 intercostal and lumbar arteries near the aorta and at the level of intervertebral foramens resulted in both root arteries and the anterior spinal artery being not filled with an opaque substance. PMID- 1131039 TI - [Individual anatomic variability of the subthalamic nucleus in frontal sections]. AB - The paper presents the results of studying individual variability of the shape, size and disposition of the subthalamic nucleus. Under investigation were 100 preparations. The structure was studied in serial frontal sections of the diencephalon and midbrain taken 1 mm apart. A considerable variability of the disposition of the subthalamic nucleus was revealed relative to intracerebral reference--points used in stereotaxic operations. The limits are outlined within which stereotaxical lesions should be avoided. PMID- 1131040 TI - [The effect of training regimes on the vascular bed of the rabbit medulla, pons and midbrain]. AB - The aim of the work was: 1) comparison of training results on two schedules of rotation and 2) establishment of the maximum period when the positive effect of the training was kept. The work was performed in 46 rabbits (42 of them were taken in experiments). All stresses were made in an electrocentrifuge with a 1 m radius. The blood vessels of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain studied by methods of injection and clearing of horizontal sections (120 mu) were taken as morphological control. It was shown that morphological control considerably confirms the picture of training of the organism to stresses. Schedule N2 (18 rotations without a preliminary limbering-up) proved to be more effective. The trained state of rabbits obtained in the process of training by this schedule retains for 3 weeks. PMID- 1131041 TI - [Lens cell growth in tissue culture]. AB - The epitheliomorphous zones of growth of piece explants of the mammalian embryonic lenses are comparable with those of neuroectodermal origin in formation of the rosette-shaped, perle-like and neuroretinal structures. They differ from the epidermal epithelia by absence of keratinization. The cambial and differentiated cells of the lens in the culture retained their specificity and differentiated. Comparison of the personal and literature data confirms N. G. Chlopin's idea of a necessary inclusion of the lens tissue in the group of tissues of the ependimo-glial type. PMID- 1131042 TI - [The sensory nature of Dogiel type II cells in the swine small intestine]. PMID- 1131043 TI - Enrollment projections. PMID- 1131044 TI - Contraception. PMID- 1131045 TI - Progress in adjuvant chemotherapy of early breast cancer. PMID- 1131047 TI - Editorial: Circus. PMID- 1131046 TI - Letters: management of brain metastases-revisited. PMID- 1131048 TI - Arizona malpractice cases for the last four months of 1974. PMID- 1131049 TI - Malpractice--a national view. PMID- 1131050 TI - Bronchiectasis in allergic aspergillosis BEAP syndrome. PMID- 1131051 TI - Regional enteritis: enterolith causing intermittent obstruction. PMID- 1131052 TI - The Navajo way: as related to pregnancy, childbearing and childrearing. PMID- 1131053 TI - [Oncocytes--a system of serotoninocytes]. AB - Oncocytes, irrespectes, irrespective of their localization in this or that organ, possess only one active function inherent in all cells of the given type; this function depends on serotonin cantained therein. Consequently, oncocytes are not afunctional perishing cells, as was thought up to this time, but represent a group of serotoninocytes appearing in the form of a widely spread in the organism of the diffuse peripheral neuro-endocrine system, the activity of which is associated with the function of the givern biogenic monoamine. PMID- 1131054 TI - [Renal dysplasias]. AB - The article presents an analysis of world literature on cysplasia of the kidneys (KD). The authors consider as morphological characteristics the following signs: combination of primitive ducts, tubules, glomeruli, collecting tubules, cysts and immature mesenchyme with foci of cartilage and muscles. An attempt is made to systematize individual forms of DK according to the degree of morphological changes (simple and cystic), extension (focal, segmental and total, mono- and bilateral) and localization (cortical, medullar and cortico-medullar or mixed) of the process. From the group of cystic DK primary (aplastic and multicystic variants) and secondary (obstructive) ones were singled out. The problems of morphology, incidence, complications, concomitant anomalies, causal and formal genesis of DK were also considered. PMID- 1131055 TI - [The international classification of bone tumors and some remarks concerning it]. AB - The international histological classification of bones has been issued by the World Health Organization in 1972. The article discusses merits of the classification, its importance in unification of the nomenclature on bone tumours, in studies of their nature and histogenesis, etc. At the same time some drawbacks of the classification are noted: lack of accuracy with respect to the nomenclature and grouping of the so-called giant-cell tumours of bones, with respect to the group of tumours of the "bone marrow", the group of mesenchymomas, etc. The author makes his critical notes on the basis of the experience gained by his co-workers and by himself. PMID- 1131056 TI - [The mitotic division of cardiac muscle cells]. AB - A damage of the myocardium inflicted in the early post-natal period of the development of a rat, i. e. when there exists a high mitotic activity of the muscle cells of the heart, did not heal at the expense of filling of the focus of damage by newly formed muscular cells. The myocardium of the auricles in adult animals does not possess any special capabilities for proliferation of muscular elements by means of mitosis, as compared with the myocardium of the ventricles. PMID- 1131057 TI - [Histoenzymatic characteristics of fibroblasts during organization of myocardial micronecroses]. AB - The activity of dehydrogenase of succinate, lactate, glutamate, malate (NAD- and NADP dependent), alpha-glycerophosphate (NAD-dependent), glucoso-6-phosphate, NAD and NADP-dyaphorase was studied in adult and old rats with the help of histoenzymatic methods in normal cardiac fibroblasts and under conditions of reparative regeneration developing in the places of foci of myocardial micronecroses caused by administration of adrenaline. Analysis of the activity of enzymes in normal fibroblasts revealed the predominance therein of an anaerobic way of metabolism. In the process of reparative regeneration the level of metabolism of fibroblasts rose with inclusion of the acitvity of pentose shunt and Krebs' cycle. No age differences in the activity of enzymes under study were revealed. The data obtained are discussed in connection with the problem of ascertaining inter-enzymatic relationships ensuring metabolism of the connective tissue in the process of its maturation. PMID- 1131058 TI - [The effect of duodenitis on the healing of chronic duodenal ulcers]. AB - Dependence of healing of a chronic ulcer of the duodenum on structural changes of its mucosa was studied. A total of 95 patients with ulcerated lesions localized in the duodenal bulb at the stage of exacerbation were examined. Morphological changes were determined on the basis of the data of duodenoscopy and those of a histological investigation of the material obtained by the method of spot biopsy. The majority of patients examined showed the presence of duodenitis of a various degree of manifestation and mostly in the duodenal bulb in the distance from the ulcer. A clear-cut dependence of healing of ulcer on the presence and degree of gravity of changes in the duodenum was noted: in patients with unhealed ulcer duodenitis was more pronounced and persisted during the whole period of hospitalization of the patients despite the administered course of anti-ulcerous therapy. PMID- 1131059 TI - [Alcoholic lesions of the liver (morphology and several questions concerning pathogenesis)]. AB - On the basis of morphological studies of 130 puncture material of the liver in 100 patients with chronic alcoholism the three morphological forms of its lesion were identified: dystrophic changes in hepacytes; alcoholic hepatitis (acute and chronic); cirrhosis of the liver. It is suggested that the morphological forms mentioned above represent the stages of one process--developing alcoholic hepatopathy. Progressing of the process in the liver in chronic alcoholism is connected with necroses of hepacytes as a result of toxic effect of alcohol with a subsequent reaction of the cells of the portal stroma and sinusoids. Gravity of lesions of the liver depends largerly on individual sensitivity to alcohol, one of the main factor of which may be the capacity of the liver to reproduce ADG. PMID- 1131060 TI - [The role of several occupational factors in the development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (an experimental study)]. AB - The article deals with results of morphological and electron-microscopy studies of the lungs in experimental pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in rats. The disease was reproduced in experiments on 500 animals by means of chronic inhalation of electro-welding copper-containing aerosols, condensations (smokes) which may develop under similar concentrations during electric welding. The lungs were investigated at intervals ranging from several days to two years from the beginning of the experiment, the duration of which was 9 months, the dayly exposure of the animals in inhalation cameras being three hours. The intra alveolar content was composed of products of accelerated life activity of the cells of the alveolar epithelium as well as of perished phagocytes (proteins, lipids). The degree of manifestation of the process depended upon concentration of aerosol and duration of the experiment. In the zones of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis there were observed thickenings of the basal membranes, sclerosis of interalveolar partitions, slow replacement of perished macrophages by new ones, which were the causes of prolonged resolution of the alveols content. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (lipoproteinosis) should not be considered as a variety of pneumonia or edema of alveols. PMID- 1131061 TI - [Clinico-morphologic characteristics of periodic disease]. AB - The article deals with clinico-anatomical characteristics of two observations over periodical disease. Peculiar features of the developing in this case of genetic amyloidosis, which is considered as a disease of accumulation, are analysed. PMID- 1131062 TI - [A case of sacculated aneurysm of the basilar artery combined with acute dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 1131063 TI - [Free cells of the connective tissue in pathological proliferation of the epithelium and in tumor growth]. AB - The article presents a review of literature data and the authors' own investigations dealing with the dynamics of accumulation and distribution of free cells of the connective tissue in various forms of pathological proliferation of the epithelium (inflammatory overgrowth, disharmonal hyperplasia, tumours). Despite the availability of numerous data on morphological characteristics and functional significance of free cells, there are no reliable data on regularities of accumulation and distribution of individual cellular forms depending upon the character of a pathological process, its localization and extent of changes in the parenchymatous elements of the organ. But implementation of a local immunological control and maintenance of structural homeostasis should be linked first of all with reactions of free cells of the stroma. Elucidation of the role of cellular reactions in the stroma of tumour formations is of importance for prognostic evaluation of a possible progression. The authors showed that in experimental reproduction of disharmonal hyperplasia and tumours of the uterus and mammary gland there was a correlation between accumulation and distribution of eosinophilic leucocytes and plasmatic cells and the extent of changes in the epithelium. The presence of the cells of the immunocompetent series may be considered as an evidence of immunological reactions occurring as a responce to changes in antigenic properties of the epithelium in the course of malignization. The authors believe that knowledge of conjugated reactions of the stroma and epithelium in inflammatory, hormonal, and tumour growth may contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms of correlation of tissues in the course of a proliferative process and to ascertaining the causes of impairment of this correlation. PMID- 1131064 TI - [Morphogenesis of congestive fibrosis of the liver]. AB - Genesis of the muscatel-like fibrosis of the liver was studied on section and experimental material. The methods of histological, histochemical and electron microscopy analysis were used. It was established that the rise of pressure in the system of hepatic veins in chronic cardiac decompensation was accompanied by drastic venous congestion, hemorrhages and necrosis of hepacytes in the circumference of the central and collecting veins and along the lines of their junction which resulted in inversion of the hepatic lobes. In the zones of venous congestion pericentral fibrosis developed, which occasionally may be accompanied by priportal fibrosis. At later stages, muscatel-like cirrhosis of the liver was formed. The latter was underlaid by an elevated tropocollagenous activity of cells, this activity apart from fibroplasts, may be fulfilled also by Dupffer's cells. In chronic hepatic congestion a number of compensatory-adaptive changes in the vessels may occur. PMID- 1131065 TI - [Elasticity of the lymphatic bed of the human esophageal wall in liver cirrhosis]. AB - The maximal density of lymphatic capillaries in venous stasis was observed in persons of mature age and the minimal one--in elderly people. In adolescents and young people the number of lymphatic capillaries under conditions of the said pathology was found to be increased. The lymphatic bed of the oesophagus wall at early stages of the development of cirrhosis of the liver, apparently, ensured the outflow of the liquid from the organ tissues. As the disease developed, transudation of the liquid from sanguiferous capillaries exceeded the transport possibilities of the lymphatic bed, which led to the development of dynamic insufficiency of the lymphatic system. PMID- 1131066 TI - [Effect of experimental inflammation of the appendix on immunogenesis]. AB - Effects of an operation trauma and inflammation of the appendix caused by ligation of appendicular vessels on immunogenesis were studied in experiment on rabbits. A number of antibody-containing cells of plasmatic series in the blood serum and their percentage interrelation in the appendices were determined. A stimulating effect of laparotomy on the quantitative content of antibodies in the blood was established. Accelerated differentiation and restitution of the percentage interrelationship of antibody-containing cells in the appendix were noted at earlier periods as compared with controls in which similar phenomena were observed at later terms. The development of inflammation in the appendix in the majority of animals revealed itself in an increase of the antibody content in the blood at earlier periods and a decrease thereof at later periods. In the appendix the accelerated differentiation at earlier periods wes not completed subsequently by restitution of the percentage interrelationship of antibody containing cellular forms. PMID- 1131067 TI - [Pathomorphology of experimental chronic skin ulcers]. AB - Dynamics of morphological and some histochemical changes was shown on an experimental model of chronic ulcer of the skin (25 guinea-pigs). On the previously epilated and scaridied skin of animals consisting of 4 groups (5 animals in each group) applications of "chromin alkali" with various concentrations of bichromates of potassium and sodium were made; biopsy specimens were taken at 1, 4, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days. The results obtained made it possible to identify 4 stages in the development of chromic ulcer (prenecrotic, necrotic, chromic ulcer, healing), each stage being characterized by its own peculiar features of the clinical course and morphological changes. PMID- 1131068 TI - [Cytoplasmic cross links of erythrocytes (observations in scanning electron microscopy)]. AB - Erthyrocytes can form cytoplasmatic bridged connecting with each other individual cells or a great number of cells into a conglomerate. The cytoplasmatic bridges- is a peculiar form of existance of erythrocytes which differ from the forms described earlier: thorm-like (spheroechinocytes) and myelino-like forms having nothing in common with the mechanism of agglutination. The cytoplasmatic bridges of erythrocytes were found in man, dogs and guinea-pigs irrespective of a disease or conditions of an experiment, i.e. they may be referred to as a common biological system. The cytoplasmatic bridges may desintegrate, i.e. to be subjected to reverse development, which in a overwhelming majority of cases, as well as their formation, does not effect materiality the size and form of red corpuscles. Erythrocytes are united by means of cytoplasmatic bridges only with erthrocytes (predominantly with young ones) and never with any other cells of the blood. PMID- 1131069 TI - Cerebellar infarction. A clinicopathological study. AB - The clinical and pathological features of 28 fatal cases of acute uncomplicated massive cerebellar infarction are reviewed. Although infarcts may involve any portion of the cerebellum, they predominantly involve the posteroinferior half of one cerebellar hemisphere. The frequency of acute uncomplicated fatal cerebellar infarction is much greater than previously appreciated, approximating that of acute fatal cerebellar hemorrhage. All patients were past middle age. Atherosclerosis and acute vertebral artery occlusion were the most common etiological factors. The onset was sudden in most cases, with vomiting, dizziness, vertigo, and cerebellar dysfunction. All patients died with progressive brain stem dysfunction and medullary respiratory failure secondary to compression by a swollen cerebellum. Death usually occurred between the third and sixth days following the onset of symptoms, but only six to 30 hours after the onset of obtundation; therefore, decompressive therapy must be instituted promptly. PMID- 1131070 TI - Acute cerebellar infarction in the PICA territory. AB - Although old or recent infarcts of a cerebellar hemisphere in the territories of the posterior inferior (PICA), superior, or anterior inferior cerebellar arteries are commonplace autopsy findings, in no case have corresponding clinical symptoms been clearly identified. We have studied three cases, two clinocaopthologically and one clinicosurgically, in which an acute infarct involving only the cerebellum lay in the PICA territory distal to the branches to the medulla oblongata. The clinical manifestations consisted of rotatory dizziness intensified by motion, nausea, vomiting, imbalance, and nystagmus. In two cases, the clinical diagnosis had been a benign labyrinthine disorder. Recognition of a syndrome corresponding to cerebellar infarction in the PICA territory is important insofar as it assists in the differential diagnosis of dizziness. It becomes of crucial importance when cerebellar infarction is the prelude to cerebellar swelling and brain stem conpression leading to coma and death unless surgically relieved. PMID- 1131071 TI - Hypocapnia and intracranial volume-pressure relationship. A clinical and experimental study. AB - The effect of induced hypocapnia was observed, during intraventricular pressure monitoring, in five patients with chronically increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and in five baboons with acutely raised ICP. The volume-pressure response (VPR) was used as a measure of intracranial elastance (inverse compliance), an index of residual compensatory capacity. The VPR is the acute increase in mean ICP that occurs in response to a constant volume increment to ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. In the patients, hypocapnia produced a decrease in the VPR that was proportional to the decrease in ICP; in the baboons, ICP was substantially decreased with minimal change in the VPR. Both observations indicate that hypocapnia, though it decreases ICP, does not selectively decrease intracranial elastance. This may be a limiting factor in the use of hypocapnia in the management of raised ICP. PMID- 1131072 TI - No-flow state following cerebral ischemia. Role of increase in potassium concentration in brain interstitial fluid. AB - Rats were subjected to total cerebral ischemia by occluding outflow from the heart. In control experiments and following different periods of ischemia, potassium concentration was measured in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It rose to 19.4 mEq/liter following 16 minutes of ischemia. Changes in cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) were also assessed by measuring the cerebral perfusion rate (CPR). Following two minutes of ischemia, CVR was decreased to half control value. After 8 and 16 minutes of ischemia, CVR was markedly increased, and "no-flow" state was approached after 16 minutes of ischemia. The CVR increased concomitantly with increase in potassium concentration in cisternal CSF. We suggest that the increase in CVR following cerebral ischemia is due to increase in potassium concentration in brain extracellular fluid and is part of a vicious circle that leads to brain death. PMID- 1131073 TI - The Dandy-Walker and Arnold-Chiari malformations. Clinical, developmental, and teratological considerations. AB - Five patients with the Dandy-Walker syndrome had dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, and a high position of the tentorium cerebelli. When only these features are present, the patient may lead a normal life. Additional defects usually account for the prominent clinical and pathological features of this syndrome. In this series, one patient had aqueductal stenosis, four had agenesis of the corpus callosum, two had hydrocephalus, one had cerebral abiotrophy, and one (a 72-year-old man) had no additional defects and no symptoms from his Dandy-Walker syndrome. An analysis of development and teratological considerations indicates that the Dandy-Walker and Arnold-Chiari malformations are complex disorders that have different causes and mechanisms and begin at different times in the emryonic period. The causes are still unknown. PMID- 1131074 TI - Appparent familial multiple sclerosis in three generations. Report of a family with histocompatibility antigen typing. AB - Three members of an unusual family were affected with apparent multiple sclerosis in a direct line over three successive generations. Each affected member had clinical remissions and exacerbations and evidence of lesions disseminated in space. One affected member had a cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and elevated gamma-globulin level. The genetically determined histocompatibility antigen (HL A) types are reported for 13 family members. The three affected members had HL-A types 11 and W16 in common. PMID- 1131075 TI - Letter: Dysfunction from defacilitation. PMID- 1131076 TI - Letter: Perioditic alternating nystagmus. PMID- 1131077 TI - Retinal changes in Himalayan climbers. AB - Changes in the fundus of the eye were studied in 15 members of a mountaineering expedition to Dhaulagiri, Nepal (elevation, 8,167 meters [26,795 ft]). Retinal photographs were taken at sea level and at 5,883 meters (19,300) after each climber had descended from his highest point. Five Nepali Sherpas and an additional American climber who came to the base camp late in the climb were also studied. Vascular engorgement with tortuosity, a 24% increase in arterial diameter, and a 23% increase in venous diameter were observed. Retinal hemorrhages were seen in five American climbers (33%), but in none of the Sherpas. The high incidence is striking, but the cause is unknown. We suggest that the hypoxic vasodilatation makes retinal vessels more vulnerable to sudden rises in intravascular pressure. PMID- 1131078 TI - High altitude retinal hemorrhage. AB - The accessibility of high-altitude areas presents the risk of high altitude retinal hemorrhages (HARH). Four cases reported illustrate localized macular, diffuse, and familial incidence of HARH. Fluorescein angiography indicated no leakage, and a superficial retinal location of the hemorrhages. Marked retinal artery and vein dilation occurs. Ophthalmodynamometry showed retinal vascular hypertension in the presence of HARH. The complete resolution of hemorrhages occurs in most cases. Despite the return of visual acuity to normal, visual function studies indicate the persistance of defects. PMID- 1131079 TI - High altitude retinopathy in mountain climbers. AB - Retinal hemorrhages appear to be a frequent, though often unappreciated, occurrence in unacclimated climbers experiencing prolonged exposure to altitudes above approximately 3,658 meters (12,000 ft), heights frequently attained by American moutaineers. This condition has not received attention in the ophthalmologic literature, though several reports of retinal and vitreous hemorrhages have appeared in nonophthalmologic journals. Of six surviving members of a climbing expedition of Mt. Aconcagua, four had retinal hemorrhages. Two had permanently disturbed vision with paracentral scotomas plotted on a tangent screen. PMID- 1131080 TI - The visual field and nerve head in angle-closure glaucoma. A comparison of the effects of acute and chronic angle closure. AB - Eighteen unilaterally affected acute angle-closure glaucoma patients were seen a period of time after the acute episode, and 11 unilateral chronic angle-closure patients were seen while under control. Visual fields, optic nerve heads, and vision were assessed using the normal eye as a control. Nerve fiber bundle defects were seen in seven of the acute and nine of the chronic angle-closure cases. None of the acute, but five of the chronic angle-closure patients, showed asymmetry of cupping, while pallor was seen in seven of the acute and nine of the chronic patients. No significant difference in reduction of vision was seen between the two groups. The duration of pressure is a possible reason for cupping in glaucoma. PMID- 1131081 TI - Cycloplegics and mydriatics. Tolerance, habituation, and addiction to topical administration. AB - A patient had tolerance, habituation, and addiction to the topical use of a combination of cyclopentolate hydrochloride and tropicamide. He also developed a blotchy, diffuse epithelial keratitis that disappeared when the drugs were discontinued. PMID- 1131082 TI - Penetration of fluorometholone into the cornea and aqueous humor. AB - In each of the experimental conditions studied, fluorometholone penetrated into the cornea and aqueous humor following topical administration of a standard drop. The amount of drug measured in each location was less than that previously documented for dexamethasone and prednisolone preparations. In contrast to these more conventional steroids, the ocular penetration of fluorometholone appeared to be unaffected by the presence or absence of the corneal epithelium or of intraocular inflammation. PMID- 1131083 TI - Scleral bursting strength. Results after treatment with ruby laser, cryotherapy, or diathermy. AB - A study has been performed testing the relative bursting strength of sclera in rabbits treated with diathermy, cryotherapy, or ruby laser energy. Neither the cryotherapy nor laser appeared to weaken the strength of sclera, whereas the diathermy appeared to cause an appreciable loss of scleral bursting strength. PMID- 1131084 TI - Letter: Geographic distribution of ophthalmologists and optometrists. PMID- 1131085 TI - Thorn in anterior chamber. PMID- 1131086 TI - Mastoid Obliteration. Histopathologucal Study of Three Temporal Bones. AB - Three temporal bones were serially sectioned to study the postoperative fate of the meatally based postauricular musculoperiosteal flap. In all three ears, the flap sealed off the middle ear effectively from the mastoid cavity and in one, with resected canal wall, formed a new soft posterior wall with good meatus. All flaps contained viable muscle, fat, collagen, reticulin, and elastin, and were richly vascularized. In two flaps, small granulating foci of infection were noted. In two temporal bones, from a child with hypogammaglobulinemia, small cholesterol cysts formed behind the falp during the delayed healing of the mastoid wounds. PMID- 1131087 TI - Schirmer test of lacrimation. Its clinical importance. AB - Lacrimation was tested by a modified Schrimer test, ie, by the soaking of strips of filter paper hooked into th lower conjunctival sac. The test is advocated for the topical diagnosis of facial-nerve lesions. Lacrimation was found to be independent of age and sex. There were, however, large inter- and intra-subject variations. Nevertheless, the difference between the two eyes of a given healthy person was much less than that between the eyes of two different persons, making the test clinically useful. In a given patient, a bilateral difference may be assumed to be significant when the lesser value does not exceed 27% of the larger one. Such a test result is indicative of a supraganglionic facial-nerve lesion. PMID- 1131088 TI - Acousticofacial anastomoses in Meniere disorder. AB - It is possible that acute labyrinthine hydrops characteristic of Meniere disorder is related to hyperparasympathetic tone analogous to that observe in rhinorrhea or nasal congestion. This new hypothesis is is supported by anatomical, clinical, and surgical arguments. Anatomically, the ear is supplied by a parasympathetic pathway from the acousticofacial anastomoses of Wrisberg intermediate nerve and the vestibular nerve. These anastomoses are of great importance and appear at a very early stage of embryonal development, much earlier than other parts of the parasympathetic component of the facial nerve. Surgically, vestibular neurectomy via the middle fossa route conserves the anatomy of the inner ear. Together with the vestibular nerve, the acousticofacial anastomoses are removed. This operation results in an improvement of hearing that is far from negligible. PMID- 1131089 TI - Surface-active agent in Eustachian Tube Function. AB - Using 15 fresh guinea pig temporal bones, Eustachian tubal function was tested repeatedly before and after saline washing to demonstrate the effect of surface active agent. Although tubal opening pressures for the 15 ears varied considerably, in each ear tested, a higher pressure was required to open the Eustachian tube after saline washing (P less than .001). A significant statistical difference in Eustachian tube opening pressure was also found between consecutive trials before washing the Eustachian tube with saline (P less than .001). This phenomenon disappeared after saline washing. It is possible that these phenomena occurred as a result of surface-active agent (surfactant) functioning in the Eustachian tube. PMID- 1131090 TI - Directional microphone in hearing aids. Effects on speech discrimination in noise. AB - This study was designed to investigate the amount of directionality among three directional aids of different brands and to compare speech discrimination ability of hearing-impaired persons using directional and nondirectional hearing aids in competing background noise. For each hearing aid under study, the full-on gain curves were obtained at 45, 135, 225,, and 315 degree azimuths in an anechoic chamber. Thirty-two hearing aid users were included. Discrimination ability was assessed, using commercially available W-22 disc recordings. Findings indicate directionality varies among directioalaids. The hearing aid that shows the greatest directional effect was found to provide the listeners with best speech discrimination ability under relatively difficult listening conditions. However, it is inadvisable to recommend just any directional aid without careful evaluation of its directional capability under competing noise. PMID- 1131091 TI - A method of stapedectomy in the fenestrated ear. AB - Two consequences of a previous fenestration militate against successful stapledectomy. They are the lessened depth of the middle ear over the stapes, and the missing incus. Twelve years' experience of using the stapedectomy for fenestrated ears in 62 patients has given generally disappointing results until, in 1962, technique of using cartilage blocks to increase the depth of the middle ear was devised. PMID- 1131092 TI - Parapharyngeal rhabdomyoma. AB - Rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of striated muscle origin that is very rare in young children. Review of the world literature revealed 20 cases of extracardiac adult-type rhabdomyoma in the head and neck area. All reported cases have been encapsulated and easily excised. A 22 1/2-month-old girl with a parapharyngeal rhabdomyoma is unique in that her tumor had atypical histology and lacked a capsule; it could not be "shelled-out". PMID- 1131093 TI - Aberrant course of the facial nerve. AB - In our patient the facial nerve was situated in the external bony ear canal without bony protection just below the skin in the lower part of the external ear canal 2 to 3 mm lateral to the tympanic membrane. This abnormal position involves a greate risk of damage to the facial nerve by incisions in the ear canal prior to surgical intervention of the middle ear. PMID- 1131094 TI - Recovery of crossed acoustic reflexes in brain stem auditory disorder. AB - Crossed acoustic reflexes were serially monitored in a patient receiving radiotherapy for an intra-axial brain stem tumor. Analysis revealed a pattern of systematic recovery as the brain stem lesion responded to therapy. Crossed reflexes were observed at more and more test frequencies, until responses were present on both ears for all test signals. Pure-tone sensitivity and speech intelligibility remained within the normal range throughout the observation period. PMID- 1131095 TI - Benign congential neoplasms: dermoids and teratomas. AB - Congential tumors in the head and neck are usually benign dermoids or teratomas. These rare neoplasms are first noticed in neonates or infants and frequently rapid diagnosis and treatment may be lifesaving. Since they are rare tumors periodic case reports are worthwhile to remind us to include them in our differential diagnosis. PMID- 1131096 TI - Letter: Acousticofacial anastomoses. PMID- 1131097 TI - Pathologic quiz case. PMID- 1131098 TI - Surgical treatment of obesity. PMID- 1131099 TI - Diagnostic value of meatocisternography. AB - Based on a review of 123 consecutive examinations a classification of ten types of meatocisternograms is proposed. Surgical correlation in 53 of these cases has shown that other causes of intrameatal filling defects may mimic acoustic neurinoma presence. Furthermore, grouping of these 123 patients into three clinical groups on the basis of symptoms and findings has not resulted in a clear type correlation when using a mixture of the ethyl esters of 9- and 10- monoiodostearates (Duroliopaque). Based on an experience using this classification in well over 500 meatocisternograms, several proposals are made for the clinical management of cases of clear-cut or suspect acoustic neurinomas. PMID- 1131100 TI - Middle ear reflex activity in the startle reaction. AB - By means of extratympanic phonometry, the middle ear muscular reflex activity in the startle reaction was measured in a control series, in patients with otosclerosis and in patients with operation cavaties without a functioning tensor tympani muscle. In comparison with the stapedius reflex, the startle reflex was found to be much more variable regarding latency, amplitude, and configuration. It was characterized by pronounced fatigue and a high alertness dependence. The period of latency was about 60 msec. It was possible to elicit a distinct startle reflex in operation cavities without a functioning tensor tympani muscle, probably because of contraction of the Eustachian tube muscles. PMID- 1131101 TI - Spontaneous nystagmus direction does not indicate laterality. AB - There have been conflicting statements made in the literature on electronystagmograms (ENG) concerning the direction of beating of spontaneous nystagmus in the presence of a damaged labyrinth. This report presents a retrospective examination of 1,220 ENGs done at Stanford over the past four years with regard to the direction of spontaneous nystagmus and the side of the diseased labyrinth. The diseased labyrinth is indicated by a hypoactive caloric response. The study showed that one cannot predict the side of the labyrinthine lesion from the direction of beating of the spontaneous nystagmus. PMID- 1131102 TI - Rheumatoid nodules of the larynx. AB - The clinical presentation and histologic appearance of three cases of laryngeal rheumatoid nodules are the subject of this report. In one of these cases, the lesions differed from the classic appearance of the rheumatoid nodule in that they were strongly reminiscent of granulation tissue or a pyogenic granuloma. These vascular lesions are interpreted as immature rheumatoid nodules. Although there are no clinical clues that would lead to the preoperative diagnosis of rheumatoid nodule of the vocal cord and larynx, the index of suspicion should be high in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are hoarse. However, overt joint symptoms do not appear to be a necessary concomitant of these lesions. PMID- 1131103 TI - Personality characteristics in patients with vertigo. AB - The role of emotional factors in patients with vertigo has been widely debated. Patients with vertigo, as well as patients in two separate control groups, were tested with the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Cornell Medical Index (CMI), and a questionarie designed to evaluate the severity of the patients symptoms in order to further investigate the role of personality and its relationship to the symptom of vertigo. In patients with Meniere disease, a strong positive correlation was found between the severity of vertigo and the EPI and CMI scores. The concept of the psychological vulnerability" is useful in explaining these findings. PMID- 1131104 TI - Bekesy test results in patients with eighth-nerve lesions. Forward reverse- and fixed-frequency tracings. AB - Sweep-frequency Bekesy tracings, both forward (low to high frequency) and reverse (high to low frequency), as well as fixed-frequency tracings, were obtained from 18 patients who had eighth-nerve tumors (subsequently confirmed surgically). In general, reverse-sweep frequency tracings revealed greater adaptation for continuous tone stimuli than did forward-sweep frequency tracings. However, if a search for excess adaptation (greater than 20 dB) is the sole purpose for administering Bekesy audiometry to a given patient, then fixed-frequency tracings yield adequate differential information. PMID- 1131105 TI - Middle ear function in neonates. AB - This study was designed to investigate the middle ear function of neonates during the first few hours of life. Twenty normal babies, ranging in age from 2.5 to 20 hours old, were tested witn an electroacoustic impedance bridge. Measurements of the acoustic compliance of the tympanic membrane and tympanometry were obtained on both ears of each child. Results of compliance measurements indicated a median of 1,2 cu cm with a range of 0.25 to 1.65 cucm. Tympanometry results showed smooth notched-shaped tympanograms in most cases although afew M-shaped tympanograms were observed. All of the infants demonstrated normal middle ear pressures and mobile middle ear systems. The finding of normal middle ear function in these neonates suggest that mucus is not commonly present and therefore not a factor in infants' response to sound. PMID- 1131106 TI - Dichotic pursuit auditory tracking after anterior temporal lobectomy. AB - Patients with left or right anterior temporal lobectomies show severe deficits on the ear contralateral to the lesion in responding to dichotic speech stimuli. One patient with a left and one with a right anterior temporal lobectomy were tested on a dichotic pursuit auditory tracking task. There were no severe performance deficits that would have indicated difficulty in processing either pure tone stimulus; The resected areas were apparently not necessary for relatively efficient processing of these simple nonspeech stimuli, either because other parts of the damaged hemisphere were sufficient for task performance or because ipsilateral auditory transmission pathways can be used in this task. Both patients showed a speech-related right ear advantage for the jaw generated tone but not for the hand generated tone. PMID- 1131107 TI - Subglottic hemorrhage following translaryngeal needle aspiration. Report of a case. AB - A patient experienced an acute, brisk, endolaryngeal hemorrhage following an attempt at translaryngeal aspiration of tracheobronchial secretions. The bleeding was probably due to injury of the perforating branch of the cricothyroid artery or vein. The hemorrhage was controlled by a subglottic pack and tracheostomy. PMID- 1131108 TI - Pneumocele of the maxillary sinus. A second case report. AB - The term pneumocele refers to an expansile bone destructive air containing cyst like lesion involving the sinus cavity proper, presumably due to obstruction of the major sinus ostium. It differs from pneumoceles described previously that have all been air pockets beyond a paranasal air sinus due to an abnormal fistulous communication, rather than expansion of the sinus cavity itself. In adding this second case to the literature we believe that this rare lesion may be encountered from time to time, and should be considered when an expanded maxillary antrum is found to contain air rather than fluid or soft tissue content. PMID- 1131109 TI - Pathologic quiz: Submucosal amyloidosis. PMID- 1131110 TI - Letter: high-intensity spontaneous nystagmus direction does indicate laterality. PMID- 1131111 TI - Letter: self-advertising. PMID- 1131112 TI - Rectal biopsy in clindamycin-associated colitis. An analysis of 23 cases. AB - The findings on rectal biopsy and proctoscopic examination in 23 cases of clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis are summarized. On proctoscopic examination, discrete 2- to 5-mm raised plaques are seen adherent ot an edematous, friable mucosa. Rectal biopsy shows pseudomembrane formation and inflammation of the underlying rectal mucosa. Necrosis of the surface epithelium is a frequent finding; however, true ulcers were not observed. Vasculitis or thrombosis is not a feature of any of the cases. Frequently, the pseudomembrane is observed to be dislodged from the mucosal surface. In five of 23 cases, characteristic pseudomembranes are not present in the biopsy specimen in spite of the fact that they are evident proctoscopically. PMID- 1131113 TI - Rytand-Lipsitch syndrome. AB - An 84-year-old woman had Rytand-Lipsitch syndrome, ie, total atrioventricular block resulting from destruction of the central areas of the conducting system due to extension of calcification from the fibrous ring of the mitral valve. In a postmortem coronary arteriographic study of 500 hearts, degenerative calcification of the fibrous ring of the mitral valve was demonstrated in 4.4% (95% confidence limits--2.8% to 6.6%), rheumatic valvular changes not being included. There were significantly more women than men with calcification of the mitral valve apparatus (P less than .00005). Division of the material into two groups larger than or equal to 70 years and less than 70 years showed a statistically significant sex difference in the former group (P les than .005), whereas the sex difference was of borderline significance in the latter group (.1 greater than P greater than .05). PMID- 1131114 TI - Multiple primary tumors. Four distinct head and neck tumors. AB - The case history of a 70-year-old woman with the simultaneous occurrence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland, thyroid carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, and a Warthin tumor is described. The simultaneous occurrence of three histologically distinct malignant tumors is a rare event amounting to approximately 1% of cases of multiple primary tumors. This case is unusual in that the tumors occurred in three separate organs and in association with a papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. While difficult to evaluate, prognosis and treatment should be approached with respect to each of the tumors as individual entities. PMID- 1131115 TI - Sarcoid granulomas in CBA/J mice. Histologic response after inoculation with sarcoid and nonsarcoid tissue homogenates. AB - Homogenates of lymph node and skin biopsy specimens and lymphocyte suspensions from patients with sarcoidosis and control subjects were injected into the footpads of CBA/J mice; histologic response was examined at intervals of 15 to 360 days. Kveim tests and complete autopsies were performed on animals of each group. Granulomas or equivocal granulomas were observed in 14.8% of biopsy specimens from animals that received sarcoid tissue homogenates and in 14.8% of control animals. No granulomas were observed after injection of lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis or from control subjects. Kveim tests were negative in all animals and autopsies were unremarkable. These studies fail to confirm previous reports of a "transmissible agent" in sarcoidosis and demonstrate that by the use of these techniques, such an agent is not invariably present in sarcoid granulomas. PMID- 1131116 TI - Vascular ("arteriovenous") malformations of the choroid plexus. AB - Two cases of arteriovenous malformation of the choroid plexus are presented, bringing the number of such cases reported to 16. One of these was successfully removed surgically after two episodes of intraventricular hemorrhage. The other was found incidently at autopsy and had produced an asymmetric hydrocephalus. Overproduction with a more forceful propulsion of cerebrospinal fluid may be the mechanism producing this effect. These lesions should be considered in cases of unexplained intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 1131117 TI - Paradoxical compliances in otosclerosis. AB - Results of impedancemetry have been compared with operative findings in 1 867 cases of otosclerosis, 1 583 of which were pure otosclerosis. This comparison indicated that: (1) with present techniques, the results of impedancemetry are only of a relative value in otosclerosis; it is thus necessary to asses the various connected anatomical elements in the middle ear with extreme rigor; (2) impedancemetry data have an absolute value in all disorders of the middle ear with closed eardrum associated with otosclerosis; (3) relative impedancemetry often gives informative results when it concurs with the other elements of clinical and audiometrical diagnosis; (4) impedancemetry data are a valuable element of early diagnosis of otosclerosis before the first audiometric expression, either by a lowering of compliance or, most of all, by appearance of an on-off effect (diphasic impedance change) or by disappearance of the stapedius reflex; (5) parallel or crossed paradoxical compliances are only apparently paradoxical and are usually the sign of either an early stapedo-vestibular fixation (before its audiometric expression) or an associated factor in the middle ear, both of which may have been unnoticed; (6) the problem of compliance value in otosclerosis will be solved only when the proper stapes frequency is found and when it is possible to test this frequency. This problem is the subject of our current research. PMID- 1131118 TI - Electrocochleography during noise-induced temporary threshold shifts. AB - The responses of the auditory nerve and brain stem auditory nuclei were recorded non-traumatically in human subjects by means of electrocochleography before, during and after exposure to white noise intensities which produced temporary threshold shifts. The largest decrement (amplitude decrease and latency increase) was seen in the response of the auditory nerve. Large intersubject variability was seen in the effects of the noise exposure on response amplitude, latency and recovery rates. PMID- 1131119 TI - Physical and auditory specifications of third-octave clicks. AB - Physical: measurements of third-octave clicks (produced by ringing a commercial third-octave filter having a rejection rate of 50 dB in the first octave) show that waveform and spectral shape of the clicks remain the same through the range of audiometric frequencies. Auditory: relations between click and tonal thresholds are developed by (a) comparing click and tone thresholds at a repetition rate of 5/sec and (b) determining changes in click threshold for a range of repetition rates between 1 and 10/sec. Tonal thresholds are about 10 dB more sensitive at the 5/sec rate; a click repetition of 10/sec lowers the threshold, reducing the difference between tone and click audibility, while a repetition rate of 1/sec raises click threshold and increases the difference. PMID- 1131120 TI - Pure tone audiometry in noise with auraldomes. AB - Pure tone thresholds were obtained using a TDH-39 driver mounted in a standard (MX-41/AR) cushion and an Auraldome (AR-100-R) circumaural enclosure. Thresholds were recorded in quiet and in the presence of broad band sound field noise at 50, 60, and 70 dB SPL. No significant differences were observed between the two earphone conditions in the presence of any of the ambient broad band noise levels. However, thresholds were found to be statistically different in the quiet condition. These results raise questions regarding the calibration of intensity for Auraldomes and indicate that this particular circumaural cushion provides no advantage over standard cushions in the presence of ambient noise above 50 dB SPL. PMID- 1131121 TI - White noise as a pretest sensitizer for neonatal hearing screening. AB - To determine the effects of white noise as a pretest sensitizer in neonatal hearing screening, 450 neonates were tested under 18 test conditions which also permitted examination of infant state and criterion stimuli (warble tone versus narrow band noise) as variables. There were three pretest conditions: No pretest sensitizer; 90 dB pretest sensitizer, and 100 dB pretest sensitizer. Each pretest condition was followed by either a 90 or a 100 dB criterion stimulus. Analysis concerned an increase in the number and in the strength of the responses. Generally, there was no benefit associated with the use of white noise as a pretest sensitizer. PMID- 1131122 TI - Some effects of prestimulus activity and length of prestimulus observation judgements of infants' auditory behaviour. AB - The auditory responses of nine 6-week-old and ten 6-month-old infants were assessed subjectively by a group of four observers. These responses were evaluated as a function of (1) prestimulus activity level and (2) duration of prestimulus observation. Response assessment for both ages was significantly affected by the first but not by the second. The percentage of responses for both ages tended to decrease with increasing prestimulus activity state. The findings are compared with the similar study of Langford et al. [1974] on neonates. PMID- 1131123 TI - Ototoxicity with children caused by streptomycin. AB - In the hospital for pulmonary tuberculosis in children, a group of 975 children treated with streptomycin sulphate was audiologically examined and in 36% of children ototoxic lesions were defined. From these, in 24% the damage affected only the vestibular labyrinth, in 8% both the vestibular labyrinth and the organ of Corti and in 4% the organ of Corti alone. PMID- 1131124 TI - Extra- and intra-axial brain stem auditory disorders. AB - Auditory symptoms of brain stem disorder depend on the nature of the lesion. This study compared auditory test results in 28 patients with extra-axial, 11 patients with intra-axial, and 6 patients with combined extra-axial and intra-axial brain stem disorders. Patients with extra-axial lesions usually demonstrated (1) sensitivity loss, (2) marked adaptation on Bekesy audiometry, (3) impairment in PBmax scores, and (4) auditory symptoms on the ear ipsilateral to the radiographic abnormality. Patients with intra-axial brain stem lesions usually showed (1) slight, if any, sensitivity loss, (2) normal Bekesy audiograms, (3) relatively good PBmax scores, and (4) suditory symptoms on both ears or on the ear contralateral to the radiographic disorders. In the patients with combined extra-axial and intra-axial disorders, auditory findings varied in relation to the extent of extra-axial involvement. PMID- 1131125 TI - Responses to speech audiometry and phonemic discrimination patterns in the elderly. AB - A new approach to the assessment of the hearing of speech has been used with a group of the elderly and certain phonemic discrimination difficulties accompanying the ageing process have been examined by both conventional and automated testing systems. The results from both these test systems are displayed in directed graph form and these digraphs (directed graph) show marked asymmetry in both young and old. This datum differs in its symmetry aspects from classical confusion studies; reasons for this are discussed. Some evidence is produced which suggests that accompanying the ageing process in some individuals is a reduction in the number or availability of phoneme categories which they can handle. PMID- 1131126 TI - Noise-excluding enclosure for audiometry. AB - Excessive ambient noise adversely effects the efficiency of hearing conservation programs. Noise-excluding enclosures generally reduce the masking effects of such noise more effectively than standard earphones only. Research has shown, however, that pure-tone thresholds obtained with some enclosures may not be valid. The present study examines one particular type of enclosure, the Audiocup. The results revealed (1) that pure-tone thresholds obtained with Audiocups are almost identical to those measured with standard earphones only and (2) Audiocups more effectively reduce the masking influence of white noise. It is concluded that Audiocups may be used for screening and for threshold audiometry in less than ideal testing environments without fear of invalidating the results. PMID- 1131127 TI - Comments on the relations between auditory fatigue and iris pigmentation. AB - It has been reported that subjects with highly pigmented irises (brown) experience significantly less temporary threshold shift (TTS) than subjects with less pigmented irises (blue), and that those with green-gray pigmentation display intermediate amounts of TTS. TOTA and BOCCI noted the high correlation between the melanin content in the stria vascularis and that found in the pigmentation of the iris; they attributed their TTS differences across eye colour to the protective effects of melanin. TTS data are reported in this paper as a function of eye colour for exposure stimulus parameters almost identical to those used by TOTA and BOCCI (1 000 HZ at 110 dB SPL for 3 min). The present results do not support the hypothesis that individuals with highly pigmented irises (brown-eyed) are more resistant to auditory fatigue than those with less pigmentation of the iris (blue-eyed). Median TTS at 20 sec post-exposure among brown, green-gray, and blue iris categories did not differ by more than 1.8 dB, and the median TTS at 2 min post-exposure among those iris categories did not differ by more than 0.2 dB. PMID- 1131128 TI - Head diffraction effects on ear-level hearing aids. AB - In this paper, head baffle and head shadow effects were measured at a front oriented and at a back-oriented microphone in a hearing aid casing when worn by human subjects and when placed on a dummy head. Some differences in head baffle and head shadow effects were observed for the front-and back-oriented microphones in that greater head baffle effects were observed at the front microphone than at the back microphone while the reverse was true in terms of head shadow effects. Results obtained with the hearing aid mounted on a dummy head were similar in some respects and in other respects they differed from those observed when the hearing aid was worn by six subjects. Comparison of the results obtained in this study with the data of WIENER measured at the entrance to the ear canal indicated smaller head baffle effects but larger head shadow effects at the hearing aid microphone than at the canal entrance. Finally, it is suggested that reproduction of frequencies above 2 000 HZ and that a resonance peak at about 3 000 HZ in the frequency response curve of a hearing aid may be beneficial to the wearer. PMID- 1131129 TI - Variable venting valve for earmolds. AB - The frequency response and loudness reduction characteristics of earmolds with variable venting valves (VVV) were investigated. Both side-branch and laterally vented earmolds were employed. Sound pressures were measured at 44 frequencies from 100 to 4 000 HZ in a modified HA-2 coupler with the VVV in four stages of opening: closed; 1/3 open; 2/3 open and 3/3 open. The effect of venting is primarily in the low frequencies. Little or no reduction in intensity is observed in the 'speech frequency' range and a modest amount is noted in the higher frequencies. The side-branch vented earmolds were more effective than the laterally vented earmolds. Calculated loudness reductions in phons were small. The effectiveness of the VVV, whether assessed by the frequency response or loudness reduction characteristics, is achieved within the first 1/3 of opening: further opening has little effect. The utility of the VVV, especially to the geriatric hearing aid user, is questionable. PMID- 1131130 TI - +Gz tolerance in man after 14-day bedrest periods with isometric and isotonic exercise conditioning. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of isometric or isotonic exercise training on post-bedrest +Gz tolerance. Seven male volunteers, 19-22 years, underwent accelerations of +2.1 Gz (740 s), +3.2 Gz (327 s), and +3.8 Gz (312 s) in a selected, randomized order; the ramp to peak acceleration was 1.8 G/min. The centrifugation runs were terminated by loss of central vision (blackout) to a white light with a luminance of 3.15 times 10-5 log candle/cm-2 (0.092 ft-lambert). The study began with a 14-d ambulatory control period, followed by three 14-d bedrest periods (each separated by a 21-d recovery period) and then a final week of recovery. During the ambulatory periods, the subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 50% of their maximal oxygen uptake (max VO2) for 1 h/d. During two of the three bedrest periods, the subjects performed in the supine position one of two routines, either isometric exercise (21% of max leg extension force for 1 min followed by 1-min rest) or isotonic exercise (68% of max VO2) for 0.5 in the morning and afternoon. During the third bedrest period, no exercise was performed. In general +Gz tolerance was reduced by 24% to 35% (p less than or equal to 0.05) after bedrest. Compared with control values, there were significant reductions in average tolerance times after bedrest with no exercise and isotonic exercise at all G levels. With isometric exercise, there was a significant decrease in tolerance at 2.1 Gz but not at 3.2 Gz or 3.8 Gz, even though the latter tolerances were reduced 15.6% and 10.0%, respectively. Both exercise regimens maintained tolerance at levels equal to or above that obtained with no exercise. Compared with control values, average tolerances were lower (p less than or equal to 0.05) after the two recovery periods between the bedrest periods (minus 24% to minus 26% at 3.2 Gz and 3.8 Gz), indicating that 3 weeks of ambulation was not sufficient time for full recovery from the deconditioning induced in this study. A prediction equation was constructed with data from all comparable studies utilizing deconditioned men riding relaxed without protective garments: Tolerance (in seconds) equals minus 334 + (1715/+Gz level). From this equation, the calculated tolerance after bedrest is 13.5 min at 1.5 G, and the point of zero tolerance is 5.1 Gz. PMID- 1131131 TI - Physiological response to exercise after space flight--Apollo 14 through Apollo 17. AB - Submaximal exercise stress tests were conducted preflight and postflight on the Apollo 14-17 crewmen. A bicycle ergometer was utilized to evoke target heart rates up to 160 beats/min while respiratory gas exchange, blood pressure, and cardiac output were measured. Three preflight tests were conducted during the month prior to flight to establish baseline values for postflight comparisons. Tachycardia was evidenced at rest and during exercise immediately postflight. This transitory tachycardia compensated for reduced stroke volume. Systolic blood pressure was reduced during exercise stress, but no consistent changes were observed in diastolic blood pressure. With the exception of the Apollo 15 crewmen, all crewmen had returned to preflight response levels by the day of following recovery. No changes were observed in mechanical or respiratory efficiency immediately postflight. PMID- 1131132 TI - Control of health hazards from airborne lasers. AB - The use of lasers in tactical military aircraft present eye hazards to personnel in aircraft and on the ground. Biomedical scientists and engineers are often asked for advice for controlling these hazards. Methods are given for applying ocular exposure criteria to the solution of practical field safety problems. Laser pointing accuracy and the extent of hazardous specular reflections from flat glass and from standing areas of water are the principal determinations required to develop safe laser operations. Special considerations may be required for scanning lasers and laser arrays. PMID- 1131133 TI - Response of local vascular volumes to lower body negative pressure stress. AB - The present study involved an intravenous injection of radio-active iodinated serum albumin, equilibration of this isotope within the vascular space, and the continuous measurement of isotope activity over selected anatomical areas before, during and following multiple human LBNP tests. Both rate and magnitude of vascular pooling were distinctly different within each of five selected lower body anatomical areas. In the upper body, all areas except the abdomen showed depletions from their resting vascular volumes during LBNP. The presence of uniquely different pooling patterns in the lower body, the apparent stability of abdominal vascular volumes, and a possible decrease in cerebral blood volume during LBNP represent the major findings of this study. PMID- 1131134 TI - Tolerance of small animals to acceleration. AB - Mice, rats, rabbits, finches, pigeons, and roosters were exposed to +Gz, minus Gz, and minus Gx inertial forces due to acceleration. The range of body weight of all animals was from 14 g to 1.6 kg. The magnitude of G and duration of exposure time were within 130 G and 20 min and the average rate of changes of G was 2.8 G/s. The G tolerances of these animals were compared with one another at 50% mortality. The tolerance of each species was expressed as the area under the tolerance curve. Changes of tolerance were obtained by the changes of direction of G force. The tolerance ratio of minus Gz to +Gz force was 0.58 and that of minus Gx to +Gz was 2.12. Body weight was inversely related to the threshold G value at which animals are resistant to the prolonged acceleration. PMID- 1131135 TI - Changes in serum and sweat magnesium levels during work in the heat. AB - Serial changes in serum magnesium (Mg2+) were assessed in unacclimatized males during treadmill exercise in a hot (49 degrees/27 degrees C, dry/wet bulb) environment. Eight subjects walked at 5.6 km/h on a 0% grade, and at 90 min of exercise had a mean heart rate of increase of 70 plus or minus 5 (S.E.) beats/min, rise in rectal temperature of 2.1 degrees plus or minus 0.1 degrees C, and a weight loss of 2.07 plus or minus 0.10 kg. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in mean serum Mg2+ concentration (control: 1.87 plus or minus 0.06 mEq/I; 45 min: 1.81 plus or minus 0.07; 90 min: 1.72 plus or minus 0.08). The Mg2+ concentration in sweat samples collected over 90 min of work in the heat averaged 0.28 mEq/I (range 0.13 to 0.45). Thus, in normal man, exercise in an hot, dry environment resulted in a fall in serum magnesium which was not wholly explicable on the basis of sweat loss of this ion. PMID- 1131136 TI - Flight behaviour of pigeons in the weightless phase of parabolic flight. AB - Pigeons were subjected to changes in G-loading during parabolic flight with special attention to their flight behaviour in the weightless periods. Experiments were performed 1) with the eyes covered, 2) with the legs tied to the body, 3) with eyes covered and legs tied, and 4) with none of these handicaps. In all these situations the flight behaviour of the birds was observed. Special attention was paid to the tumble-phenomenon, which appeared birds with covered eyes. The results are discussed and comparisons are made with the behaviour of man and fish under similar conditions. PMID- 1131137 TI - Effect of noise exposure during primary flight training on the conventional and high-frequency hearing of student pilots. AB - This investigation was part of a larger study conducted by Memphis State University. This laboratory's portion of the study focused on administering conventional audiometry (manual and self-recording), high-frequency audiometry (4 kHz-18 kHz), and a speech intelligibility test in noise to 108 Naval Aviation Officer Candidates prior to and following primary flight training in T-34 aircraft. Hearing protection consisted of either the APH-6C or APH-6D flight helmet. Cockpit noise levels in the T-34 range from 96-115 dBA; during cruise the noise level is approximately 100 dBA. Results indicate no significant change in hearing sensitivity or speech discrimination that could be attributed to noise exposure during primary flight training. Pre- and postprimary hearing levels obtained for the high frequencies compare favorably with high-frequency hearing levels obtained by Northern et al. (1968) for males in the age range 20-29 years. Questionnaire data indicated that a considerable number of the subjects had been exposed to potentially harzardous noise before entry into military service. PMID- 1131138 TI - Reduced carbohydrate intake in the preparatory diet and the reliability of the oral glucose tolerance test. AB - Two USAF flying populatins of 622 subjects each were subjected to the oral glucose tolerance test. One of these populations was prepared for the test by the ingestion of at least 300 grams per day (g/d) of dietary carbohydrate for the 3 d preceding the test; the other by 150 g/d of dietary carbohydrate. Statistical analysis of the data obtained from these populations revealed no change in the reliability of the oral glucose tolerance test as a diagnostic tool. Thaf school of Aerospace Medicine Consultation Service on all patients undergoing oral glucose tolerance tests. PMID- 1131139 TI - Interpretation of an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test encountered during multiphasic laboratory screening. AB - We have studied 162 healthy male flyers who had repeat glucose tolerance tests at intervals of 6 months to 2 years. On the premise that an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was not reproducible because standard criteria were not strict enough, we evaluated 11 different criteria for diagnosing an abnormal OGTT. The number of abnormal tests varied according to the criteria but, no matter how the criteria were varied, the best reproducibility of any abnormal test on repeat testing was 50%. Factors affecting the reproducibility of an abnormal test are discussed. We conclude that a single, standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test should be considered only as a screening test for diabetes mellitus, and that a final diagnosis of chemical diabetes mellitus should be made only if the carbohydrate in-tolerance consistently worsens or if insulin curves show hypofunction of the Islets of Langerhans. Our recommendations for followup studies of a patient with an initial abnormal OGTT are outlined. This study illustrates the importance of basic definitions of diagnostic criteria for diseases which have a long-term effect on the health of the flying population. PMID- 1131140 TI - Proposal for improving ejection seats with respect to sitting comfort and ejection posture. AB - It is generally accepted that in the case of ejection, the flexion posture is often the reason for vertebral body fracture, but to maintain the right egress posture (this means an erect or even hyperextended position) throughtout the entire duration of flight would increase pilot complaints about validly criticized misalignment of the seat profile. X-ray controlled seat studies led to the conclusion that an acceptable egress position does not allow relaxed sitting posture during normal cockpit activities over long periods. Therefore, an attempt at solution is being made by a seat device whose comfort is guaranteed by a back rest construction variable at will. For emergency case, the posture will be optimized automatically and synchronically with the action of the power retraction unit. A schematic design outlines the construction. PMID- 1131141 TI - Hearing and para-airport children. AB - Audiometric screening was carried out on 3,322 elementary and high school students living in the vicinity of Logan International Airport, Boston, in an effort to determine whether noise from aircraft had any measurable effect on their hearing. Followup examinations and additional data on children failing the screening examination made it possible to classify the hearing losses as conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. The incidence of bilateral sensorineural or mixed hearing loss in the group living directly under flight paths or immediately adjacent to runways was not significantly different from the overall average. In normal subjects, the average sensorineural gap, a newly defined measure of high tone loss, was not found to be significantly affected by the degree or duration of exposure to aircraft noise. PMID- 1131142 TI - President's page. Aerospace Medical Association. PMID- 1131143 TI - A longitudinal study of spatial ability. AB - A number of studies have lent support to the sex-linked major gene theory of spatial ability. Expectations arising from this theory (although not necessarily unique to it) are that spatial ability can be measured in children, that it is the same as spatial ability in adults, and that an individual's position in a distribution of spatial ability remains unchanged over time. Results of a longitudinal experiment utilizing test scores of 76 high school students and their earliertest scores provide confirmatory evidence for these expectations. PMID- 1131144 TI - A theoretical note on sex linkage and race differences in spatial visualization ability. AB - Evidence on the poorer spatial visualization ability in various Negro populations compared to the white populations and on the direction and magnitude of sex difference in spatial ability relative to other abilities suggests the genetic hypothesis that spatial ability is enhanced by a sex-linked recessive gene and that, since the 20-30 percent admixture of Caucasian genes in American Negroes came mostly from male white ancestors, relatively fewer X-linked than autosomal Caucasian genes were transmitted to the American Negro gene pool. The genetic model as explicitly formulated indicates the kinds of data which could substantiate or disporve the theory, but which do not now exist. PMID- 1131145 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia I. Family studies of IQ. AB - Thirty-one patients diagnosed as having congenital adrenal hyperplasia were given standardized IQ tests. Patients' IQ was found not to be significantly higher than the IQ of nonaffected siblings or the expected IQ from parental values. Thus the adrenogenital syndrome appears to confer no IQ advantage independent of family IQ level. PMID- 1131146 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. II. Cognitive and behavioral studies. AB - A sample of 31 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia was matched to a control group by sex, age, height, full-scale IQ score, and urban/rural site of residence. Patients and matched controls were tested on measures of masculinity and femininity and on sex-typed tests of cognitive ability. The two groups did not differ significantly on these measures. The finding is in disagreement with earlier reports of "masculinization" of behavior in female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 1131147 TI - Photobehavioral differentiation in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis. AB - The photoresponses of natural populations of D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, occurring sympatrically, are measured in two environmental conditions ("at rest" and "disturbed"). Comparisons of the responses, intraspecifically and interspecifically, lead to the following conclusions. These must be considered within the confines of the operational nature of the measurement of laboratory photoresponses. (1) Within each species population, significant nonenvironmental differentiation has been allowed or produced by selection in the "at rest" photoresponse. No significant nonenvironmental differentiation is found in the photoresponse measured in a disturbed condition. (2) Within each species population, a higher mean "disturbed" photoresponse has been favored. The intensities or patterns of selection acting on these two photoresponses have differed such that more intrapopulation differentiation has been allowed or produced in the "at rest" photoresponse. (3) A higher mean photoresponse has been favored in D. persimilis for both conditions. The intensities or patterns of selection acting between these two species populations on the "at rest" photoresponse have differed such that more intrapopulation differentiation has been allowed or produced in D. persimilis. (4) Comparisons of this study with one on intraspecific and interspecific differentiation in wing length lead to the conclusion that the selective differences inferred above have acted at a level more specifically attuned to photobehavior. PMID- 1131148 TI - Relative mating activity of the sexes in homokaryotypes of Drosophila persimilis from a Redwoods population. AB - Previous tests for mating activity of Drosophila persimilis homokaryotype KL (Klamath) and MD (Mendocino) chromosomal arrangements (northern California population: Redwoods) had shown KL to mate faster on the average than MD in homogamic tests. A strain (double-cross hybrid of four KL lines from the same population) with reliable high mating activity was developed for testing the sexes separately. Five pairs of KL-MD homokaryotype strains were chosen to be tested by the criterion that each pair had been derived from a separate wild KL/MD progenitor. Strains were crossed within arrangements in a diallelic design (20 inter- and five intrastrain crosses tested in 16 replicates per cross) to provide mating activity indices of four sets: KL females, KL males, MD females, MD males. Mating tests employed ten virgin experimental flies with ten tester (double-cross hybrid) flies of the opposite sex in 30-min observation periods. All flies were matured for 5 days at 25 degrees C before testing. Among parental strains, females were consistently higher in mating activity than males for both KL and MD arrangements. Most interstrain hybrids were heterotic, with KL and MD females not significantly different. However, hybrid MD males displayed greatest variation and had lowest mating activity, while KL males were the least variable and highest in mating activity. With heterosis in the hybrids, there was no predictability (additivity) from performance of parental strains to hybrid offspring. Mating activities of the two sexes were uncorrelated, indicating either that the sexes have independent genetic systems controlling mating activity or that the expression of the same genetic system is influenced by sex. Since the hybrid males of the two karyotypes displayed different courtship activity while the females were at about an equal level of receptivity, intrasexual selection among males is likely to be important in nature. PMID- 1131149 TI - Children's resemblance to their biological and adopting parents in two ethnic groups. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that adopted children's individual IQs are more related to the individual social status ranks of their biological parents than to those of their adopting parents. Data from 20 Mexican-American and 21 white biological and adopting families in which the IQ score of the adopted child was available show that (1) there was no significant selective placement of these children in adopting homes, (2) there was no significant correlation between the midparent social-education rank of the adopting parents and their adopted children's IQ, and (3) there was a strong correlation between the midparent social-education rank of the biological parents and their children's individual intelligence ranks. PMID- 1131150 TI - Response of Drosophila persimilis to phototactic and geotactic selection. AB - The initial experimental population of Drosophila persimilis was photopositive and slightly geonegative. In this respect, the initial population of D. persimilis differed from the experimental population of D. pseudoobscura, described by others, which was close to photo- and geotactic neutrality. In D. persimilis as in D. pseudoobscura, photo- and geotactic selection was efficient in both positive and negative directions. In D. persimilis, unlike in D. pseudoobscura, the responses to geotactic and phototactic selection were clearly asymmetrical. As a result of such responses, selection practically eliminated interspecific difference in geotaxis and almost eliminated interspecific difference in phototaxis. The realized heritabilities of photo- and geotaxis over the first ten generations of selection in D. persimilis are between 6 and 7 percent. Practically, these heritabilities in D. persimilis have the same value, whereas in D. pseudoobscura the heritabilities are clearly different. These findings suggest that D. persimilis differs considerably from D. pseudoobscura in the composition of the genes determining photo- and geotactic behavior, most probably reflecting adaptations of these sibling species to different ecological niches. However, both species are capable of reacting quickly to external stresses by reorganizing their gene pools and by correspondingly changing their behavior. PMID- 1131151 TI - Open-field activity in mice as a function of ceiling height: A genotype environment interaction. AB - Three inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6, DAB/2, and BALB/c, were run in the standard McClearn-type open-field with l-, 1 5/8-, and 36-inch ceiling heights. Although all strains showed increased activity as a function of lowered ceiling height, an interaction between strain and ceiling height was obtained: while BALB/c mice were the least active strain in the 36-inch-ceiling-height field, they were the most active strain in the 1-inch condition. Implications of this strain times environment interaction for the well-established low open-field activity of BALB/c and other albino strains are discussed. PMID- 1131152 TI - Sex-linked major-gene influences on selected types of spatial performance. AB - Four paper-and-pencil spatial tests, measuring two- and three-dimesional spatial visualization and spatial orientation, were administered to 2508 Caucasian high school students. Sibling correlations and within-sex score distributions were examined for the influence of a major sex-linked gene. Sex-linked influences were most clear on the test of two-dimensional visualization and on an average of the standard scores on all the tests. For those tests best fitting the genetic model, estimates of the frequency of the recessive gene (contributing to good performance) we-re near 0.45. There was evidence of incomplete dominance in females. Environmental or non-sex-linked genetic factors influenced spatial performance but did not systematically improve performance with age. PMID- 1131153 TI - Alteration of the rabbit aorta following feeding of cholesterol diet in combination with sheathing of aortic segments by polyethylen tubes. AB - Nutritional disturbance and blockage of drainage of the vascular wall which were considered to play an impoetant role in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis were experimentally produced by aortic sheathing previously (Huth et al., 1974). Alteration of the rabbit aorta following feeding of cholesterol diet in combination with sheathing of aortic segments by polyethylen tubes is reported in this paper. The results were as follows: 1. When rabbtis were fed a cholesterol diet, atherosclerotic lesions formed in the intima of the aorta. 2. When rabbits were fed a cholesterol diet with simultaneous aortic sheathing, aortic atherosclerosis was also produced within the sheathed segments. 3. When rabbits were fed a cholesterol diet after formation of intimal thickenings within the sheathed segments, lipid deposition was scarce within these segments. The results suggest that among the pathogenetic factors of atherosclerosis a disturbance of vascular nutrition and a blockage of vascular drainage may be of greater importance than hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 1131154 TI - [Morphological effects of intraperitoneal oily fatty acids on the intestine and peritoneum of rats]. AB - Changes of the mucosa of the small intestine in animal experiments can be produced by a variety of methods. The direct application of numerous chemical agents on the epithelium of the mucosa and parenteral administration of cytostatics as well as an indirect damage by experimental intestinal lymphatic obstruction lead to mucosal lesions with atrophy of the villi. Our paper presents a simple indirect method for induction of structural mucosa changes in rats using experimentally produced peritoneal alterations as a precursor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first experimental group with 108 male wistar rats was divided into 5 subgroups and treated as follows: 43 rats got continuous daily intraperitoneal injections of 3-3 ml/kg body weight sesame oil DAB 6 which contains 50% oleic acid, 36% linolic acid, 1% free fatty acids, 0.1% lecithin and portions of stearic, palmitic and arachic acid; 6 rats got 6.6 ml sesame oil per kg i.p., 43 animals received daily doses of 3-3 ml oil/kg per orally by a pharyngeal tube, 6 rats of each group were sacrificed after 68 and 92 days, all the rest were killed after 100 days of continuous daily treatment. Aortic blood was used for determination of the total cholesterol serum concentration. Blocks of tissue of every organ were fixed in 4% formalin, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, hematoxylin-sudan and by the periodic acid Schiff (PAS-) method. For the purpose of autoradiographic determination of the 3H-thymidine labelling index the rats were administered i.p. 2 mCi 3H-thymidine/kg 40 minutes prior to death. Autoradiographs were prepared from sections of the small intestine by using liquid photoemulsion Ilford K5. In the second experimental group 7 rats got a single i.p. injection of 5 ml, 5 rats of the 10 ml and 9 rats of 20 ml sesame oil per animal; 4 rats were administered 8 ml daily for 5 days... PMID- 1131155 TI - Effects of maternal hypoxia on incorporation of 3-H-thymidine into DNA of neural tube matrix cells in the mouse embryo (an autoradiographic study). AB - The effect of maternal hypoxia on DNA synthesis of neural tube matrix cells has been studied in the ten-day old mouse embryo. The experiments were carried out by means of the autoradiographic technique. The relative uptake of 3-H-thymidine into nuclear DNA was determined by means of the silver grain count present in the nuclei and of the labeling index of neural tube matrix cells in the telencephalon of normal and hypoxia-exposed mouse embryo on the 10th day of gestation. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The thymidine incorporation and labeling index were noticeably reduced under maternal hypoxia of 6 percent O2 for 1 hour. When 3-H-thymidine was injected immediately following hypoxia for 6 hours, matrix cells showed almost normal thymidine uptake and labeling index. However, when thymidine was injected 2 hours after the same hypoxia, the matrix cells showed a definite reduction of thymidine incorporation and also of labeling index. There were regional differences in reduction of nuclear DNA synthesis throughout the cerebral structure, and it was most marked in the telencephalon in this developmental stage. The matrix cells in the di-, mes- and metencephalon appeared less or not at all affected by maternal hypoxia. 2. In mouse embryo exposed to hypoxia of 6 percent O2 for 6 hours on the 7th day of gestation and sacrificed 1 hour after thymidine injection on the 10th day, matrix cells showed a marked reduction of grain count and an increase of labeling index. The effect was larger than that seen on the 8th or 9th day of gestation. 3. Qualitative examination revealed focal loss of 3-H-thymidine label around pyknotic nuclei in the neural tube of some of the embryos after hypoxia of 6 percent O2 for 6 hours. 4. The significance of the disturbance of DNA synthesis of embryonic neural tube cells by maternal hypoxia was briefly discussed in relation to teratogenesis. PMID- 1131156 TI - [Pathogenesis of Wallenberg's syndrome]. AB - In 1895 Wallenberg described a syndrome characterized by neurological symptoms produced by unilateral softening of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata. In the majority of cases the softening was caused by an arteriosclerotic-thrombotic occlusion of the homolateral intracranial vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery, respectively. Occasionally an occlusion of the basilar artery or of the distal extracranial vertebral artery was responsible. In contradiction to the original thesis of Wallenberg, an embolic arterial occlusion could rarely be diagnosed. In particular cases the syndrome was caused by syphilitic vascular changes, tumors, metastases or encephalitis in the region of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata. This paper describes two cases of Wallenberg's syndrome. In the first case (70-year-old-male) the softening of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata was caused by occlusive thrombosis of the homolateral posterior inferior cerebellar artery with concomitant severe arteriosclerosis of the extracerebral brain arteries. The latter variation is characteristic for hypertensive vascular diseases. Thus Wallenberg's syndrome must be classified in similar cases as a complication of hypertensive peripheral cerebral arteriosclerosis. The second observation refers to a 51-year-old-male with bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis. Metastatic encephalitis was found in several parts of the mid-brain, including the medulla oblongata. The dorsolateral medulla oblongata was destroyed by septic softenings (pneumococci). In this case, however, arteriosclerotic stenosis or thrombosis of the cerebral arteries could not be found. According to the literature metastatic encephalitis, as described in the last case, is an extremely rare cause of Wallenberg's syndrome. PMID- 1131157 TI - [Demonstration of group-specific precipitation antibodies in Chlamydia infections of poultry]. PMID- 1131158 TI - [Effect of Newcastle-vaccination on performance and egg quality in lying hens]. PMID- 1131159 TI - [Immunization of pigeon (Columba livia dom.)]. PMID- 1131160 TI - Ballistocardiographic studies of the effects of mild exercise on the hearts of very old people. PMID- 1131161 TI - Ballistocardiographic and electrocardiographic changes in men working with lead. AB - Early ECG and Bcg changes in workers exposed to lead have been described. The changes are a consequence of disturbed myocardial metabolism, momentary coronary spasms and neurovegatative dystonia. PMID- 1131162 TI - Kinetics of the left and right heart ventricles revealed by precardial cardiography as manifestations of compensatory reaction in myocardial infarction. AB - A comparative study of the function of the left hand and right ventricles in different myocardial infarction periods was carried out in 100 patients. The principal method used for specific analysis of the phase structure in the function of the left and right ventricles was that of precardial cardiography. The data obtained indicate that in the acute infarction stage both ventricles function hypodynamically. Later, some asynchronism in the restoration of the affected contractile function of both ventricles is observed. The study of the kinetics of the left and right heart ventricles enables one to evaluate the markedness of the compensatory processes and some of their mechanisms. PMID- 1131163 TI - Ballistocardiographic changes after carbon dioxide baths. AB - Ballistocardiography was used for following up the changes in cardiovascular dynamics in 2 groups of patients suffering from hypertensive disease stage II. In a group of hypertensive patients who took CO2 baths for 28 days, or improvement of the pathologically altered Bcg showed with a simultaneous decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate for a better dynamics of the cardiac function. In the group of hypertensive patients taking isothermic tap-water baths under identical conditions, the same trend in the Bcg changes was found, but these changes were not statistically significant. PMID- 1131164 TI - Ballistocardiography in sanatorial and health resort rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction. AB - A sanatorial and health resort rehabilitation was carried out in patients after myocardial infarction. The rehabilitation program included exercise therapy and carbonic acid baths. The ballistocardiographic studies conducted with a diagnostic purpose indicate that carbonic acid balneotherapy may be used in patients after the third month following the onset of myocardial infarction. Clinico-physiological investigations indicate that ballistocardiography may serve to control the effectiveness of sanatorial and health resort rehabilitation and to determine the mechanism of action of the physical factors involved. PMID- 1131165 TI - Hemodynamic syndromes in apex-cardiography. AB - The results from 8,000 investigations and comparative studies between mean and systolic pressures in the left atrium and changes in the diastole portion of the apex-cardiogram are presented. A correlation is established between the mean pressure and OF duration for post-puberty ages. A similar dependence is also found between the amplitude value of the atrial wave and the systolic pressure in the left atrium. The physiological variations are outlined. Three distinct, pathological hemodynamic syndromes, expressing the dependence between the magnitudes of systolic and mean pressures, are established. PMID- 1131166 TI - Apex-cardiographic approaches applicable to incipient myocardial failure in preclinical periods. AB - A survey is made of present-day methods proving myocardial failure, and a new indirect method is set forth based on apex-cardiography. After consideration of the physiological variations of the 'a' wave and OF interval, they are checked in an after-exercise state. It is established that the slow normalization of 'a' wave, which follows the restoration of the pulse rate initial values, is an indication of incipient myocardial failure. This regularity is observed for all diseases involving some failure of the myocardial functions. PMID- 1131167 TI - Evaluation of cardiac pump performance and heart muscle mechanics from the apex cardiogramm. Theoretical considerations. AB - Theoretical grounds are outlined for assessing the pump action of the heart and myocardial mechanics, respectively, in terms of ACG displacement ventricular function curve and displacement percentage amplitude-rate of ascent curve. These displacement relationship curves compare the a% of the ACG with the ACG-derived stroke volume, on the one hand, and the isovolumetric percentage amplitudes with the rate of ascent of the slope, on the other. They indicate the expected direction changes in the ventricular function and in the force-velocity relation curves. PMID- 1131168 TI - The value of quantitative apex-cardiography as compared to intracardiac functional diagnostics of the left ventricle. AB - A quantitative procedure of recording the apex impulse as regards its duration, force and rate of development of force requires a DC amplification ensured by a semiconductor strain-gauge transducer. In addition, impact and diameter or stamp and internal diameter of the contact ring must be defined. Comparative measurements show a good correlation between timing, absolute values and the first derivatives. PMID- 1131169 TI - Apex cardiographic evaluation of the velocity of contractile element shortening at aortic valve opening (ACG-VCE-E). AB - The average values of the velocity of contractile element shortening at opening of the aortic valve, assessed apex-cardiographically in 100 normal subjects and in 63 patients with previous myocardial infarction were 0.60 and 0.53; with correction for preload and values became 0.11 and 0.049 (psmaller than 0.0000006). It is concluded that the proposed concept of expressing myocardial mechanics in terms of displacement curves and indices approaches the problem clinically in a safe way. PMID- 1131170 TI - Use of ballistocardiography for determining the hyperfunction of the left ventricle. AB - A study of patients with patent ductus arteriosus and atrium septum defect, by use ofdirect body Bcg showed that an increased IJ amplitude is due to an increased stroke volume of the left and not of the right ventricle. High IJ amplitude is observed in patients with cardiovascular diseases, causing an increased output of the left ventricle ofover 50% above normal. PMID- 1131171 TI - Quantitative apex-cardiography in ischemic heart disease during isometric handgrip test. First results. PMID- 1131172 TI - On the total relaxation of the left ventricle in primary rheumocarditis in children. Apex-cardiographic studies. AB - Apexcardiographic studies were carried out on 100 healthy children and 120 children, aged 3-14 years, with primary rheumocarditis. An analysis of the results indicate that the duration of total relaxation of the left ventricle is prolonged in the group of children suffering from primary rheumocarditis. The prolongation of TR is due to the increased PD interval, as well as to the prolonged IVR. The changes described lead to a certain phasic delay of the aortal and opening of the mitral valves. PMID- 1131173 TI - Possibilities of noninvasive measuring of contractility. PMID- 1131174 TI - Ballistocardiographic aid in cardiac neurosis. PMID- 1131175 TI - Quantitative analysis of the carotid sphygmogram in atherosclerosis. AB - A study has been made, by means of quantitative analysis, of the changes in the CSG of 355 persons-131 healthy, 112 with ischemic heart disease and 112 with hypertension. The quantitative analysis includes: (1) coefficient of declination, pointing to the declivity of the anacrotic limb; (2) coefficient of propulsion, pointing to the time of formation of the maximum peak and (3) level of indentation, pointing to the height of the valve notch. These 3 indices regularly increase along with progressive induration of the arterial wall and serve as quantitative criteria for a more accurate differentiation of the separate types of CSG used in clinical practice. PMID- 1131176 TI - The relation between aortic elasticity and systolic complex of the direct body ballistocardiogram. AB - On the basis of the analysis of 60 clinically healthy men divided into 2 age groups according to the degree of aortic elasticity, it was found that the diminution of elasticity was accompanied by reduction of the amplitude of I, J and K waves, increase of the gamma-index (gamma=aK/aJ) and shortening of the H-K interval. The subjects were divided into analysed groups according to the cardiographic indices of atheromatosis and their age. Similar types of change, especially for the decrease of I, J and K wave amplitudes, can be an effect of the diminution of cardiac contractility. Consequently, the correct evaluation of a pathologic Bcg (especially in older people) requires additional information as to the condition of aortic elasticity. PMID- 1131177 TI - A ballistocardiographic study on the change of peripheral vascular resistance. PMID- 1131178 TI - Changes in the ballistocardiogram in pulmonary hypertension. AB - A comparison of Bcg changes was made between a group of healthy individuals, a group of pneumopaths with normal blood pressure in the pulmonary artery at rest and another group of pneumopaths with pulmonary hypertension at rest. The tension in the pulmonary artery was measured by venous catheterization. It was found that: (1) the H wave of the Bcg was significantly higher in both groups of pneumopaths than in the group of healthy individuals, and (2) the L wave was significantly higher in pneumopathics with pulmonary hypertension at rest than in pneumopaths with pulmonary normotension and healthy individuals. PMID- 1131179 TI - Ballistocardiogram studies compared with an analysis of the left-ventricular systole in patients with stage II hypertension. AB - Studies were made on Bcg changes in 46 patients suffering from hypertensive disease stage II. These were compared to the phase changes in the systole of the left ventricle. It was established that more substantial phase changes in the systole of the left ventricle corresponded to a higher degree of changes in the Bcg. Emphasis is laid on the significance of complex cardiographic investigations in patients with hypertensive disease, as a comparatively easily accessible method for evaluating the mechanics of contractility of the myocardium. The method is a useful addition to the overall clinical picture of the disease. PMID- 1131180 TI - On the phonocardiographic pattern of haemodynamics in atrial septal defect. PMID- 1131181 TI - The importance of intracardiac phonocardiography for the differential diagnosis of ventricular septal defect and ductus arteriosus apertus in pulmonary hypertension in infancy. PMID- 1131182 TI - Study of lesser circulation peculiarities with the help of impedance rheoplethysmography (rheography) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1131183 TI - Rheographic estimation of peripheral diabetic angiopathy. AB - Longitudinal rheography was used for investigation of 294 diabetics and 176 healthy controls aged 3-82 years. It was found that the vascular lesions in the lower extremities in diabetics are bilaterally similar, and that they are 3-14 times more frequent in comparison with nondiabetic controls. Whereas the diabetics are certainly threatened by severe vascular obliteration with advanced age, the same is not necessary for the nondiabetics. Lighter vascular lesions were found even in diabetic children under 5 years of age. A conclusion is reached that rheography is a reliable method for investigation of vascular lesions in diabetic patients. PMID- 1131184 TI - Age-dependent changes in the complex of impedance plethysmographic and hemodynamic indices of the lung and aorta. AB - The author has tested 2 groups, each consisting of 30 healthy individuals aged 21 40 and 41-60 years, respectively, by means of IPG records of the lung and aorta. The LIPG has not shown any essential changes with the advance in age, wherease the AIPG showed a decrease of the Q-a interval, as well as the Vmaxt of quick blood filling and of the rheographic systolic index without morphological changes. PMID- 1131185 TI - Noninvasive measurement of haemodynamic phases of the right heart. PMID- 1131186 TI - Changes in the asynchronous contraction of the left ventricle in primary rheumocarditis in children. AB - An attempt has been made at studying in greater detail the changes in the AC of the left ventricle in primary rheumocarditis. The changes, evaluated with the help of an ACG, have been differentiated from such in the EMI and those in IVC. The studies werecarried out on 220 children, aged 3-14, divided into 2 groups: 100 healthy controls and 120 with primary rheumocarditis. An analysis of the results shows that the rheumatic process in the myocardium modifies the normal transformation of electrical events into mechanical ones, and prolongs the AC phase. The latter is due to the increase of EMI duration. IVC is practically unchanged. The prolonged duration of EMI may be connected with a certain compensatory reaction. PMID- 1131187 TI - Correlation between the duration of the cardiac cycle and the complex of impedance plethysmographic hemodynamic indices of the lung and aorta. AB - Rheographic studies of the lung and aorta have been performed on 20 patients with atrial fibrillation and on 30 normal individuals before and after Valsalva's manoever. The findings disclose a strongly expressed positive correlation between the duration of the cardiac cycle and the rheographic systolic index, a Vmax., a Vm and a negative correlation with the Q-a interval and the ab/RR of the lung and the aorta. PMID- 1131188 TI - Changes in the phases of the mechanical systole of the left ventricle and their correlation with the gas composition of the blood in nonspecific and specific pulmonary diseases. PMID- 1131189 TI - Changes of the phases of the mechanical systole of the left ventricle and their correlation with the hepatograms and gas content of the blood in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 1131190 TI - A study on the timings of ballistocardiographic waves by means of their simultaneous recording with phonocardiogram and external pulse traces. PMID- 1131191 TI - High-frequency (acceleration) direct body ballistocardiography. Representation of the carotid pulse, phono- and apex-cardiogram in the Bcg. AB - The carotid pulse PCG, ACG and Bcg appear to represent the same basic dynamic expression whether of atrial or ventricular origin. The early isometric and ejection waves are comparably delineated. The points of A2, P2 and S3 can be detected, particularly,in CP2, ACG2 and df-Bcg. The gain, thereby, in the significance of the Bcg is encouraging. PMID- 1131192 TI - Simulation of catecholamine action in an improved electrical model. AB - A further development of an electrical model of circulation is presented. The progress consists in: (1) the ventricles are represented as a changing capacity; (2) a constant amount of charge is re-circulating in the system; (3) the contractility of the heart can be varied; (4) the valves are represented by relays, and (5) the pulse wave velocity can be represented. Catecholamine action is studied by changing the heart rate, contractility, elastic resistance and peripheral resistance; the influence on systolic, diastolic pulse pressure and flow pulse in different parts of the arterial system is measured. In the discussion the importance of the concept of deformation-capacity-internal surface of the ventricles for the understanding of the cardiovascular system as a unity is stressed. PMID- 1131193 TI - Prognostic importanct of ballistocardiography in mass prophylactic examinations of young people. PMID- 1131194 TI - The role of kinetocardiography in the complex study of the mechanical cardiac activity in ischemic heart disease. AB - The complex study of mechanical manifestations of cardiac activity by kinetocardiography, along with a complete clinical examination, is suggested as a rather sensitive method which precisely detects the changes of cardiodynamics in disturbances of the coronary circulation, rendering information useful in diagnosis and prognosis. PMID- 1131195 TI - Technical principles of spectral- and vectorkinetocardiography. AB - The use of calibrated spectral, narrow-band spectral abd vectorkinetocardiography is suggested for clinical practice. Dependence of the KCG frequency characteristics and vector orientation on the functional state of the myocardium was established. The numerical characteristics of spectral kinetocardiographic data proved to be fit for use during treatment. They provide for a more objective estimation of the mechanical cardiac activity including machine-data processing. PMID- 1131196 TI - A portable ballistocardiograph. AB - The instrument consists of a pneumatic accelerometer which is worn on the top of the head, secured by a strap under the chin. It is connected by a tube to a sensitive capacitance manometer, the signals from which are amplified and displayed on a meter. Connection can also be made to an ECG recorder to display waveform. The apparatus is battery-operated and fully portable, so that it is possible to record Bcg on patients in their own beds. PMID- 1131197 TI - A new method of studying the cardiac cycle by means of mechanocardiograms. PMID- 1131198 TI - Semiautomatic-planimetric analysis of the BCG (by means of an electrointegrationset). AB - The present invention is based on the use of two ballistic galvanometers in connection with an ECG-Bcg set, making it unnecessary to change poles mechanically each time in order to take in surface values above and below the zero line. A further advantage is that surface portions above and below can be dealt with simultaneously, i.e. with the same surface and without having to wait for the subsequent one(s), which already could have changed. The indicated values of the ballistic galvanometer can, on the one hand, be read directLy or, on the other hand, be documented mechanically by means of a film camera or by a photographic camera with or without different adjustable time delays or by electronic coupling after applying the measurement(s). PMID- 1131199 TI - The calibration of stethoscopes and phonocardiographic microphones. AB - The response of stethoscopes and chest microphones depends on the impedance of the sound source, which must therefore have the same impedance as the body, and must emit a signal related to the sound intensity in the body when no instrument is applied. Body impedance depends on the geometry of the instrument and on the force of application, etc. The source impedance must, therefore, be variable to suit test conditions. Unexplained discrepancies in published impedance measurements hinder standardisation of source impedance. The impedance of an electromagnetic vibrator can be modified electronically to meet these requirements. PMID- 1131200 TI - A comparison between noninvasive and bloody methods for use in the continuous estimation of cardiac contractility. AB - Simultaneous measurements of the blood pressure in arteria carotis with a catheter device and a new noninvasive continuously recording method were carried out in 7 rabbits with a chronically isolated arteria carotis loop. Results show good correspondence between both methods for pulse curve and blood pressure over a long period and a wide range,as well as good reproducibility. An absolute calibration for the noninvasive method is impossible. The new method is quite suitable for studying the dynamics of pressure pulse and pressure behavior. PMID- 1131201 TI - The ballistocardiogram in myocardial infarction. AB - ECG and Bcg studies have been carried out on 40 youths, aged 18-23, suffering from mycoplasmic pneumonia; in 19 of them mild Bcg changes were established. The frequencyof ECG changes is less-12 patients. The pathological deflections in Ecg and Bcg in all patients normalize before the control examination, which takes place 30 days after discharge of the patients from hospital. PMID- 1131202 TI - Cardiac lesions caused by mycoplasmic pneumonia in youths according to ballistocardiographic and electrocardiographic data. AB - ECG and Bcg studies have been carried out on 40 youths, aged 18-23, suffering from mycoplasmic pneumonia; in 19 of them mild Bcg changes were established. The frequency of ECG changes is less - 12 patients. The pathological deflections in Ecg and Bcg in all patients normalize before the control examination, which takes place 30 days after discharge of the patients from hospital. PMID- 1131203 TI - Ultrasonic biometry and a silicone lens for foreign body localization. PMID- 1131204 TI - Echographic detection and localization of BB shots in the eye and orbit. AB - BB shots and other spherical foreign bodies produce long chains of rapidly successive echo spikes which gradually decrease in height. These patterns are specific for this type of foreign bodies and allow their reliable detection and accurate localization. A-scan echography has become a very useful addition to X ray examination in order to determine whether such foreign bodies are intra- or extraocular. Echography also helps to localize such foreign bodies during surgery and to evaluate the posterior segment of the eye in the presence of opaque ocular media (hemorrhages, cataract). Although it is sometimes possible to demonstrate specific B-scan patterns of spherical foreign bodies, A-scan echography is the method of choice since it is faster, more reliable and more accurate. PMID- 1131205 TI - [Contact coupling and pulse time dependent gain control in A and B system orbital ultrasonic studies]. PMID- 1131206 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of leukokoria with B mode. PMID- 1131207 TI - Characterization and evaluation of retinoblastoma by ultrasonography. PMID- 1131208 TI - [Clinical experiences with A-scan echography of proven intraocular tumors]. PMID- 1131209 TI - Ocular tumor patterns. AB - The use of choroidal excavation and vascular pulsations in the ultrasonic diagnosis of tumors has been a helpful diagnostic feature. Evaluation of choroidal tumors is presently performed with A-, B- and M-scan techniques. Solid tumors of high homogeneity produce characteristic hollows or acoustic quiet zones that replace the normal choroidal pattern. M-scan patterns of vascular pulsations are also useful in demonstrating vascularity or choroidal tumors. Color displays accentuate amplitude variations in ocular tumors. PMID- 1131210 TI - Malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. A differential diagnosis in clinical echography. PMID- 1131211 TI - Ultrasonic characteristics of choroidal melanoma. PMID- 1131212 TI - Relation between histological structure and ultrasonogram in malignant melanoblastoma of the choroid. AB - The extreme polymorphy of the histological structure of the malignant melanoblastoma of the choroid, and the diverse forms of the tumor echogram stimulated the comparative investigation of such tumors in 22 cases. The complicated combination of different histological details cannot be revealed through clinical echo-ophthalmography. However, connections between the histological preparation and the interference picture can be demonstrated subsequently. PMID- 1131213 TI - [Correlation between ultrasonic reflectivity and attenuation of intraocular tumors and their histologic structure]. PMID- 1131214 TI - Experimental interpretation of eye and orbit tissue echograms. PMID- 1131215 TI - A simple B-scan ultrasonoscope. PMID- 1131216 TI - The clinical interpretation of eye and orbit tissue echograms. PMID- 1131217 TI - Ultrasonic tissue differentiation. PMID- 1131218 TI - [Influence of impulse characteristics on the echo envelope]. PMID- 1131219 TI - Ten-year study on clinical echography in orbital disease. PMID- 1131220 TI - [Echographic findings in unilateral exophthalmos]. PMID- 1131221 TI - [Diagnosis of retrobulbar tumors by combined ultrasonography and fluorography]. PMID- 1131222 TI - Cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. A differential diagnosis in clinical echography. AB - Cavernous hemangiomas of the orbit produce echographic A-scan patterns which allow their detection, localization, measurement, and differentiation from all other orbital lesions with a high degree of accuracy. Specific echograms, however, of these tumors can only be obtained with optimized and standardized A scan instruments providing specific settings of the sensitivity, amplifier characteristics, dynamic range, expansion of the screen display, filtering, etc. When instruments other than these are used, both differentiation and detection of this tumor become difficult or impossible. The more an A-scan instrument differs from the optimized and standardized type, the less successful the diagnosis of cavernous hemangiomas becomes, B-scan techniques add to the A-scan examination by better demonstrating the round shape and the topographic relationship to the globe, the optic nerve and the orbital wall. PMID- 1131223 TI - A determination of the velocity of ultrasound in cataractous lenses. AB - The velocity of sound determinations made in this study are the result of measurements accurate to 0.5 m/sec. The velocity of sound in a series of 50 cataractous lenses was found to be an average of 1,629 m/sec, 11 m/sec slower than that of normal adult lenses. The velocity of sound found in a smaller series of child lenses was 1,659 m/sec, 30 m/sec faster than the cataractous adult lens. It is postulated that this represents a trend of decreasing velocity of sound in the lens with increasing age. PMID- 1131224 TI - Methodical and clinical aspects of the echo-oculography. AB - The pros and cons of the various B-scan modes are discussed, and the preferences of the combination of the linear scan and the arc scan is eludicated with experimental results. Some techniques of modulation of the intensity of the B scan oscilloscope are compared, the starting point being an A-scan equipment with a logarithmic gain amplifier. It is concluded that either a differentiated video signal, or a system employing standard pulses are differentiation of the video signal, or a system employing standard pulses after differentiation of the video signal enhances the anatomical outlining of the B-scan pictures. In order to provide quantitative information of the echo-pattern, A-scan pictures have to be made. These pictures are taken at positions with the B-scan display. PMID- 1131225 TI - Study of the ultrasonic characteristics of the lens. PMID- 1131226 TI - Errors in ultrasonic biometry and their correction. PMID- 1131227 TI - Comparative ultrasound oculometry. TAU-measurements of thirty eyes with three standard equipments. AB - Ultrasound oculometry (A mode) was performed in 30 eyes with three different standard equipments and great effort was made to make the three sets of measurements comparable. In spite of careful calibration procedures significant inter-equipment differences were found: anterior chamber depths and lens thicknesses showed the greatest discrepancies. These findings should be kept in mind when oculometric results of different authors are compared. A standardized eye-like phantom is desirable as a common reference for all who work in ultrasonic oculometry. PMID- 1131228 TI - A simplified echography procedure for clinical oculography. With particular reference to the preoperative determination of the power of an intraocular lens (Binkhorst's pupil lens). PMID- 1131229 TI - A nomogram for calculating the power of the prepupillary lens in the aphakic eye. PMID- 1131230 TI - Anatomic echographic biometry in axial myopia. PMID- 1131231 TI - Oculometry of progressive myopia. PMID- 1131232 TI - [Comparison of axial and para-axial lengths of the myopic eye]. PMID- 1131233 TI - [Objective measurement of aniseikonia: fundamentals and potentialities]. PMID- 1131234 TI - [Objective measurement of aniseikonia: initial clinical results]. PMID- 1131235 TI - [Oculometry. Validity of the formulas of functional biometry. Proposal of a new formula]. PMID- 1131236 TI - [Evaluation of errors of optical and ultrasonic methods used in ocular biometry]. PMID- 1131237 TI - Ultrasonographic comparative study of the effect of pilocarpine and aceclidine on the eye components. PMID- 1131238 TI - [Respective and comparative biometric influence of various technics of chorio retinal surgery]. PMID- 1131239 TI - [Organization of a diagnostic echography laboratory]. PMID- 1131240 TI - Ten-year study on clinical echography in intraocular disease. AB - During the past 10 years, clinical echography has been developed to a valuable and even indispensable examination method with which more than 25 various conditions and diseases or groups of lesions within the globe can be differentiated (the majority of them with a high degree of realiability and accuracy). Two signigicant steps to this end were the optimizing of both instrumentation and examination techniques as well as the standardization of the A-scan method. A few of the major conditions and diseases of the posterior segment of the globe, e.g. retinal detachments and retinoblastomas, are discussed in detail in this study, while ocular foreign bodies, malignant melanomas and other choroidal tumors and pseudo-tumors are discussed in two other studies presented in these proceedings (see pp. 109,141). At the end of this 10-year period, clinical echography, although quite mature, is still a very young examination method which can and will be further improved to an even more reliable and at the same time easier technique. Both A-and B-scan techniques are important for the diagnosis of intraocular diseases: the (standardized) A-scan method for a reliable detection as well as quantitative and kinetic evaluation, the B-scan technique for a better demonstration of the shape and topographic relationship of lesions in the vitreous and at the posterior pole. PMID- 1131241 TI - Retinoschisis and retinal detachment, an ultrasonic comparison. AB - The ultrasonic appearance of retinoschisis is a single echo similar to, but of smaller amplitude than that of retinal detachment and separated from the scleral echo by a silent space representing subretinal fluid . Quantitative ultrasonic measurements were made in a series of patients and show a statistically significant difference between the acoustic reflectivities of the separated retina in retinoschisis and retinal detachment. PMID- 1131242 TI - [Ultrasonic studies of syneresis of the vitreous body]. PMID- 1131243 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of the vitreous body. PMID- 1131244 TI - Use of isodensitometric processing ophthalmic Ultrasonography. PMID- 1131245 TI - [Vitreous body changes after cryoextraction]. PMID- 1131246 TI - Clinical ultrasonography of intraocular foreign bodies. AB - 92 eyes have been examined with A-scan ultrasonography (8 MHz, Kretz-Technik apparatus 7100 MA and 7200 MA). Ultrasonic location of nonmagnetic and magnetic foreign bodies is compared to Comberg's radiographs and to intraoperative methods usch as stereoradioscopy or transillumination with the glass fiber diaphanoscope. Definitely corresponding results have been obtained in 60 cases. Ultrasonic location was difficult with small foreign bodies (reflecting surface less than 2 mm-2) within the orbit, the sclera, or within less than 2 mm from the sclera, as well as in severe vitreous clouding. Such cases should be evaluated with all location procedures available before considering further management. PMID- 1131247 TI - Tritium incorporation at specific positions in benzo(a)pyrene. PMID- 1131248 TI - Secondary structures formed by random RNA sequences. PMID- 1131249 TI - In vitro synthesis of glycosylceramide in rabbit platelets. PMID- 1131250 TI - Anti-sickling nature of dimethyl adipimidate. PMID- 1131251 TI - Purification of cytochrome P-450 from bovin adrenocortical mitochondria by an "aniline-sepharose" and the properties. PMID- 1131252 TI - Dipeptide-metal-nucleoside complexes as models for enzyme-metal-nucleic acid ternary species. Synthesis and molecular structure of the cytidine complex of glycylglycinatocopper(II). PMID- 1131253 TI - Accessible hydrophobic groups of native proteins. PMID- 1131254 TI - Metabolism of polycyclic hydrocarbons by a highly active aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase system in the liver of a trout species. PMID- 1131255 TI - Histone stoichiometry in chicken erythrocyte nuclei. PMID- 1131256 TI - The effect of particle size and charge on the clearance rates of liposomes and liposome encapsulated drugs. PMID- 1131257 TI - Halide dependence of the myeloperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial system of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte in the phenomenon of electronic excitation. PMID- 1131258 TI - Stoichiometric inhibition of mammalian dihydrofolate reductase by the gamma glutamyl metabolite of methotrexiate, 4-amino-4-deoxy-N-10-methylpteroylglutamyl gamma-glutamate. PMID- 1131259 TI - In vitro incorporation of deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates into DNA. PMID- 1131260 TI - Translational control of globin synthesis by low molecular weight RNA. PMID- 1131261 TI - The regulation of carbon flow through pyruvate dehydrogenase in the perfused guinea pig liver. PMID- 1131262 TI - An in vitro model for the catabolism of rat chylomicrons. PMID- 1131263 TI - Fluoride ion as a NMR relaxation probe of paramagnetic metalloenzymes: The binding of fluoride. PMID- 1131264 TI - Effects of polyamines on amino acid incorporation into protein by cerebral and cerebellar as well as "neuronal" and "glial" nuclei of rat brain. PMID- 1131265 TI - Glycopeptide storage in fibroblasts from patients with inborn errors of glycoprotein and glycosphingolipid catabolism. PMID- 1131266 TI - Mouse spermatozoal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the X-linked form. PMID- 1131267 TI - Multiple subunits in human ferritins: evidence for hybrid molecules. PMID- 1131268 TI - The inhibitory effect of ATP on HMGCoA reductase. PMID- 1131269 TI - Thermine: a new polyamine from an extreme thermophile. PMID- 1131270 TI - Hemoglobin covalently bridged across the polyphoshate binding site. PMID- 1131271 TI - Stimulation of choline incorporation into a membrane fraction of rat liver by barbitals in vitro. PMID- 1131272 TI - Elevated potassium efflux from dystrophic diaphragm: influence of diphenylhydantoin and lithium. PMID- 1131273 TI - Analysis of mixtures of small peptides. PMID- 1131274 TI - Is histidine involved in the catalytic mechanism of unspecific carboxylesterases? PMID- 1131275 TI - Evidence for a non-hemin regulated translational repressor in Friend leukemia virus transformed murine proerythroblasts. PMID- 1131277 TI - Separation of aldehyde reductases and alcohol dehydrogenase from brain by affinity chromatography: metabolism of succinic semialdehyde and ethanol. PMID- 1131276 TI - Release of galactosyl oligosaccharides by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D. PMID- 1131278 TI - Competition between alpha and beta globin messenger RNA. PMID- 1131279 TI - Metastatic adenocarcinoma of synovium presenting as an acute arthritis. Diagnosis by closed synovial biopsy. AB - An acute arthritis may accompany the onset of cancer. A case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the synovium presenting as an acute arthritis is described. The diagnostic importance of a careful synovial fluid analysis and the use of closed synovial biopsy are emphasized. PMID- 1131280 TI - Role of early synovectomy of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The prospective study of 32 knees in 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was carried out with an average followup of 3 years. Relief of pain and control of inflammation locally were obtained in 22 of 32 knees (69%). Articular cartilage was preserved in 20 of 28 knees (71%) and the synovitis recurred in 9 knees (28%), 7 of which showed progressive loss of cartilage. Therefore, it appears that synovectomy, if performed at a stage in which articular cartilage is still normal and after medical therapy has failed, is a very effective method for preserving articular cartilage and controlling inflammation locally. However, with a longer followup the disease with loss of articular cartilage will recur in a large number of cases. In patients whose disease progresses rapidly, no form of therapy effectively controls joint destruction. PMID- 1131281 TI - Extensive phalangeal cystic lesions: sarcoidosis limited to the hands and feet? AB - A young black man is presented with a 33-month course of insidious but eventually striking hand deformity and limitation of motion in the absence of any other symptoms. Radiologic and histologic findings of the digits support the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, though physical, laboratory, and chest x-ray examination show no evidence of this multisystem disease. PMID- 1131282 TI - Effects of acute cartilaginous injury on serum and cartilage lysozyme levels. AB - Acute cartilage degradation was produced in rabbits by the intravenous injection of crude papain. This resulted in a significant rise in serum lysozyme in 97% of the animals, as well as a fall in the residual lysozyme content of auricular and costal cartilage. The rise in serum lysozyme paralleled the rise in serum chondroitin sulfate. The source of the rise in lysozyme appeared to be the release of extracellular, nonlysosomal lysozyme from the cartilage matrix. Serum lysozyme elevation in arthritic disorders may reflect cartilage degradation. PMID- 1131284 TI - Efficacy of lithium in rheumatoid arthritis with granulocytopenia (felty's syndrome). A preliminary report. AB - Lithium carbonate was given orally for 6 weeks in varying doses to 10 patients with Felty's syndrome. All patients receiving 900 mg of lithium daily showed statistically significant elevations in granulocyte count during therapy. The effect was usually noted within a week and did not persist when the drug was withdrawn. The percentage increase in mean absolute granulocyte count varied between 138% and 617% of control value in different patients; the lower values were observed in those patients with basal serum lithium concentrations less than 0.5 mEq/liter. It is concluded that a consistent rise in peripheral blood granulocytes was achieved by lithium carbonate in a dosage of 900 mg daily in patients with Felty's syndrome. PMID- 1131283 TI - Influence of cyclophosphamide and other immunosuppressive drugs on immune disorders and neoplasia in NZB/NZW mice. AB - NZB/NZW mice were treated with various immunosuppressive drugs used in human SLE. Cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg 6 days out of 7), alone or with prednisolone, was better than azathioprine, prednisolone, or azathioprine-plus-prednisolone, in prolonging survival and/or reducing proteinuria, Coomb's antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, and glomerular deposits of gamma-globulin. Intermittent bolus therapy with cyclophosphamide (59 mg/kg/10 days) was as effective as daily therapy. However, 61% of the mice receiving any cyclophosphamide regimen developed malignant tumors compared to none in the other groups. PMID- 1131285 TI - Letter: Arthritis, uveitis, and HL-A 27. PMID- 1131286 TI - Letter: Exophthalmos associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 1131287 TI - The hyperviscosity syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis due to intermediate complexes formed by self-association of IgG-rheumatoid factors. AB - Three patients with rheumatoid arthritis and abundant circulating intermediate complexes were studied. Two of these patients presented with the hyperviscosity syndrome. All 3 patients had markedly elevated plasma and blood viscosity, and the intermediate complexes were thought to be responsible for the increased viscosity. Studies on the isolated intermediate complexes revealed that they were formed by self-association of IgG-rheumatoid factors. PMID- 1131288 TI - Untangling stuttering: a tour through the theory thicket. PMID- 1131289 TI - On economics and the Associations programs. PMID- 1131290 TI - Manpower resources and needs in speech pathology/audiology. PMID- 1131291 TI - Meeting the needs of children and adults with disorders of language: the role of the speech pathologist and audiologist. PMID- 1131292 TI - Letter: ASHA, audiologists, and OSHA. PMID- 1131293 TI - Letter: Comments of concern. PMID- 1131294 TI - Letter: Move with speed and caution. PMID- 1131295 TI - Communication and the development of prosocial behavior. PMID- 1131296 TI - Aortic endothelial mitosis and Evans blue uptake in cholesterol-fed subscorbutic guinea-pigs. AB - SUMMARY: Groups of ovalbumin sensitised, subscorbutic guinea-pigs were subjected to various regimens for 8-10 weeks. Group 1 were given 0.25 mg/100 g body wt. cholesterol by mouth daily and were stressed with intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin twice weekly. Group 2 received the cholesterol only and Group 3 were stressed only. Group 4 on the low vitamin C diet only acted as controls. Evans blue uptake tests and tritiated thymidine autoradiographs of Hautchen preparations of aortic endothelium were made on each animal. Endothelial mitosis was greatest in those areas of the aorta that had taken up the Evans blue most avidly. This was most apparent in Group 1, though to a lesser extent in Groups 2 and 3 also. Group 4 showed no dye uptake and the mitotic index was not raised. Blood ascorbic acid and plasma cholesterol levels are given for the various groups. PMID- 1131297 TI - Influence of dietary fats on atherosclerosis, coagulation and platelet phospholipids in rabbits. AB - SUMMARY: Male rabbits were fed for six months diets comprising cholesterol (0.1%) and either butter alone (10%) or butter (5%) plus cacao butter, coconut oil, olive oil, or corn oil (4.5%). These fats could be classified according to their atherogenicity as follows, in decreasing order: butter, olive oil, coconut oil, cacao butter, and corn oil. The severity of the atherosclerotic lesions was correlated with the plasma cholesterol. By contrast, concerning their effect on the recalcification plasma (platelet-rich) clotting time (PCT), These fats could be classified in the following way: cacao butter, butter,, coconut oil, olive oil and corn oil. The values of the PCT were significantly correlated with the ratio stearic/linoleic acid in the dietary fats, the clotting activity and the fatty acid composition of the platelet phospholipid fractions examined (phosphatidyl serine plus phosphatidyl inositol), but not with the concentration of these fractions in platelets. Butter was the only fat able to induce severe alterations at the same time in coagulation (presumably through an increase in the activity of certain platelet phospholipids), lipemia and arterial wall morphology. PMID- 1131298 TI - Effect of the essential oils of garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia. AB - SUMMARY: The effect of garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia, induced by feeding 100 g butter, has been studied in 10 healthy subjects. The freshly extracted juice of 50 g of garlic or onion, as well as an equivalent amount of their ether-extracted essential oils, was administered randomly on four different days during a one-week period. Garlic and onion have a significant protective action against fat-induced increases in serum cholesterol and plasma fibrinogen and decreases in coagulation time and fibrinolytic activity. The essential oil fraction, which contains all the taste and odour, exactly duplicated the beneficial effects of whole garlic and onion. It is, therefore, concluded that the active principle of garlic and onion is the essential oil, which chemically is a combination of sulphur-containing compounds, mainly allyl propyl disulphide and diallyl disulphide. PMID- 1131299 TI - Relationship of raised atherosclerotic lesions to fatty streaks in 19 location race groups. AB - SUMMARY: Atherosclerosis was graded by gross inspection of Sudan-stained arterial intimal surfaces estimating percent surface involved by raised lesions (R), fatty streaks (F), and no lesions (N). The right coronary artery and abdominal aorta of over 20,000 cases, 25-69 years of age, from 19 location-race groups were used. Cases were classed by sex, broad cause of death categories, and age. Raised lesions expressed as a percentage of all types of lesions was found at each age to have approximately a constant ratio to the percentage surface involved with all types of lesions. This was true over the range of surface involvement within age, sex, and cause of death classes, but between classes the ratio was not constant. Comparisons among location-race groups indicated marked differences in mean involvement by all types of lesions and by raised lesions expressed as a percentage of all lesions. The variation among groups in the fraction of raised among lesions was found to be partly related to parallel variability in average involvement by all types of lesions. However, some groups stood out as having too much or too little of raised lesions for their degree of involvement by all types of lesions. For instance Manila had extensive raised lesions with little fatty streaking while Bogota had more fatty streaking but not so much of raised lesions. In the sequence N yields F yields R, Class A causes act at both stages of atherogenesis while Class B causes act at stage I or stage II but not both. Class A and Class B causes both revealed important variation among location-race, sex, and cause of death groups. PMID- 1131300 TI - Arteriosclerosis in the African elephant: Part 2. Medial sclerosis. AB - SUMMARY: A type of spontaneous arteriosclerosis, described as medial sclerosis and quite distinct from atherosclerosis, was found in the aortas, coronary arteries and aortic branch arteries of free-living elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Uganda and Kenya. The lesions took the form of calcified fibrotic plaques in the inner tunica media. The calcification appeared to commence in the internal elastic lamina and was associated with atrophy of medial smooth muscle fibres and their replacement by fibrous tissue. In the aorta, medial sclerosis was found to be associated with aortic dilatation, decreased wall thickness and decreased extensibility. These changes were shown to result in substantial increases in the tangential stresses carried by the tissues of the aorta and coronary arteries. As with atherosclerosis, medial sclerosis increased progressively with age; and the approximate involvement of the aorta at different ages could be predicted from linear regression equations. There was no difference in the severity of lesions between male and female animals. Biochemically, the lesions of medial sclerosis were associated with decreased amounts of elastin and increased amounts of collagen in arterial walls. Arterial tissue showing medial calcification always contained less than 30% elastin by weight. In addition, the severity of medial sclerosis in individual elephants was found to be positively correlated with the concentration of calcium in their sera. The pathogenesis of these lesions is discussed and it is suggested that mechanical stress, medial anoxia and high serum calcium levels all contribute to the aetiology of medial sclerosis. PMID- 1131302 TI - The participation of aortic proteins in the formation of complexes between low density lipoproteins and intima-media extracts. AB - SUMMARY: A factor of protein nature that forms specific complexes with low density lipoproteins (LDL) has been detected in extracts of aortic intima-media from men and rabbits. Although the formation of complexes is maximal at low ionic strength, it is still observed under physiological conditions. Gel electrophoresis of the complex formed between the extracts and LDL proteins indicates that the insoluble material is an aggregate of the lipoproteins with some of the proteins present in the extracts. Pretreatment of the intima-media extract with proteases greatly diminishes its complexing ability. The interaction was also observed between the extracts and sera. The sera from patients with myocardial infarct formed more insoluble complexes than the sera from a control group. The lipoprotein complexing agent was found in intima-media of aorta and coronary arteries but not in that of veins, pulmonary arteries or in the adventitia of arteries or veins. PMID- 1131301 TI - Effect of cigarette smoking on lipids, lipoproteins, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and cellular components of human blood. AB - SUMMARY: A group of 187 volunteers aged 30-60 years were divided into heavy and light smokers and non-smokers. Heavy smokers smoked over 20 cigarettes per day and light smokers between 5-15, averaging about 7 cigarettes per day. (1) Compared with male non-smokers (N.S.), the male heavy smokers (H.S.) had a higher fasting serum turbidity, higher levels of cholesterol (mainly confined to the ester cholesterol fraction) and higher levels of serum phospholipids and triglycerides. In this H.S. group, the esterified fatty acid index (EFI) of beta and pre-beta lipoprotein were also raised as shown by paper and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The Stypven clotting times were also shorter than for the N.S. group. (2) Increased levels of triglycerides, pre-beta EFI, longer fibrinolysis times and shorter Stypven times were recorded in the group of female heavy smokers. Changes in cholesterol levels, beta EFI, phospholipids and fasting serum turbidity were not seen in this group. (3) Again, in the male heavy smokers, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels and mean corpuscular volumes were raised. The white cell count (WBC) was very significantly raised and a differential count indicated rises in neutrophils and lymphocytes. These changes were not significant in the female H.S. group. (4) No significant changes were found in the group of light smokers but a trend was usually seen that suggested that these changes were influenced by the number of cigarettes smoked. PMID- 1131303 TI - Rabbit aortic histamine synthesis following short-term cholesterol feeding. AB - The histidine decarboxylase (HD) activity of thoracic and abdominal aortic segments obtained from male, Dutch-belted rabbits fed a diet containing 0.5 per cent cholesterol for periods of either 2 or 4 weeks was examined. Mean thoracic aortic HD activities, expressed as histamine-forming capacity (HFC), were 3911 plus or minus 492, 6254 plus or minus 656, and 6215 plus or minus 878 dpm/100 mg benzenesulfonylhistamine (BSH) for the control group and from rabbits fed cholesterol for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Both treatment means were significantly higher than the control (P smaller than 0.05). Similar examination of abdominal aortic HD activities yielded mean HFC's of 4029 plus or minus 399, 5694 plus or minus 521, and 4762 plus or minus 902 dpm/100 mg BSH for control animals and those of the 2- and 4-week treatment groups, respectively. The difference between mean HFC's of the control and 2-week treatment group was significant (P smaller than 0.05). All increases occurred in the absence of either aortic structural alterations or any lipid deposition. These results give credence to the concept that the atherogenic process represents, at least in part, a delayed-prolonged inflammatory response phenomenon of the arterial wall. PMID- 1131304 TI - Endothelial injury. Association with elevations of serum bile acid and cholesterol concentration in biliary-obstructed rats. AB - An association between atherosclerosis, biliary obstruction and hyperlipidemia has been reported in the literature. In previous study from this laboratory, ultrastructural evidence of coronary artery endothelial damage was obtained in rats following ligation-induced biliary obstruction. In the present investigation, serum bile acids, total cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels were studied in association with similarly induced biliary obstruction and related to electron-microscopic observations of coronary artery endothelium. The results disclosed marked elevation of all serum parameters in as short a time as 24 hr following ligation compared with shamoperated controls. Animals exhibiting increases of serum bile acids and cholesterol also revealed severe configurational changes of endothelial cells which manifesed as buckling, detachment from the underlying internal elastic lamina, and vacuole formation. The role of elevated circulating bile acids and hypercholesterolemia as possible factors in producing arterial injury through membrane interaction is discussed. These observations suggest that biliary obstruction, even of short duration, may act as a potentially atherogenic mechanism in the experimental animal. PMID- 1131305 TI - Atherosclerosis in familial lines of pigeons fed exogenous cholesterol. AB - Exogenous cholesterol was fed to F1 pigeons of high and low serum cholesterol differentiated lines of White Carneau and Racing Homer pigeons that had previously been developed by selection and positive assortive mating. The serum cholesterol response of the various high and low lines was dependent upon the breed and the amount of cholesterol in the diet. Racing Homer pigeons were found to be more resistant to aortic atherosclerosis and more susceptible to coronary atherosclerosis than White Carneau pigeons. Data from necropsy examinations showed significant differences in both aortic and coronary atherosclerosis between lines within the White Carneau breed, but no differences between lines of the Racing Homer breed. Mean organ weights for the 4 lines of pigeons were reported. PMID- 1131306 TI - Diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia by measurement of sterol synthesis in cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - The incorporation of radioactive acetate into the digitonin precipitable fraction (cholesterol) was measured in monolayers of primary cultures of skin fibroblasts. Mean incorporation was increased approximately 20-fold in 4 subjects homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and 4-fold in 6 heterozygotes derived from the immediate family of homozygotes. Incorporation was normal in 4 subjects with Type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia. In cells that had been preincubated in lipid free medium, incorporation by cells from homozygotes was equal to controls, denoting a derangement in the feedback inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by medium lipids in paralleled the values obtained for sterol synthesis. The assay described could be useful in making an "etiologic" diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia and could possible identify variants of monogenic hyperbetalipoproteinemia. PMID- 1131308 TI - Relating particulate pollution to sources: the 1972 California aerosol characterization study. PMID- 1131307 TI - Loss of cholesterol from muscle and skin of monkeys treated with nicotinic acid. AB - In Rhesus monkeys, nicotinic acid given daily by subcutaneous injection for 5 weeks brought about a reversible decrease in total cholesterol concentration in skeletal muscle and skin to about half the normal value. The decrease in cholesterol concentration was due to a net loss of cholesterol from muscle, since the treatment had no effect on the water content or on the percentage of DNA or protein in fresh tissue. In muscle, free cholesterol was lost in preference to esterified cholesteol, but in skin both cholesterol fraction were affected to about the same extent. Analysis of the cholesterol content of subcellular fractions of homogenates of muscle showed that loss of cholesterol occurred mainly from the soluble fraction and the 800-g sediment, with no significant loss from the mitochondrial or microsomal fractions. PMID- 1131309 TI - Locating the St. Louis urban plume at 80 and 120 km and some of its characteristics. PMID- 1131310 TI - A simple photometric determination of sulphuric acid aerosol. PMID- 1131312 TI - Study of atmospheric transport over area sources by an integral method. PMID- 1131311 TI - Photochemical oxidants in the New York-New Jersey metropolitan area. PMID- 1131313 TI - A set of suggested air quality indices for Canada. PMID- 1131314 TI - Eigenvectors of sulphur dioxide in metropolitan Toronto and their association with meteorlogical parameters. PMID- 1131315 TI - [Standards of good manufacturing. Machines: directions for cleaning and recording of data]. PMID- 1131316 TI - [Current problems in administration of drugs: choice of the container]. PMID- 1131317 TI - [Relationship between binding to the myocardium and effects of proscillaridin on isolated perfused heart of the guinea pig]. PMID- 1131318 TI - Mass spectra of some 4-substitutedphenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2 thiones. PMID- 1131319 TI - [Use of densitometry in the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations: quantitative determination of thymidine and desoxycorticosterone glucoside]. PMID- 1131320 TI - [Effects of an androgen antagonist on the ontogenesis in the rat]. PMID- 1131321 TI - [Problems and prospects in sterilization of pharmaceutical products by gamma rays]. PMID- 1131322 TI - [Standards of good manufacturing. Autoinspection]. PMID- 1131323 TI - [Use of photodensitometry in the control of pharmaceutical products. Evaluation of a mixture of 3 amines: oxolamine camphosulfonate, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and methoxyphenamine hydrocholoride]. PMID- 1131324 TI - Mass spectra of some compounds related to trazodone. PMID- 1131325 TI - [Possibility in sterlization of the antibiotics by gamma rays]. PMID- 1131326 TI - [Toxicity of antibiotics in animals under suboptimal conditions. II. Subacute toxicity in animals on an iron-deficient diet]. PMID- 1131327 TI - Deficiency disease - part I. PMID- 1131328 TI - Subarachnoid haemorrhage, some pitfalls. PMID- 1131329 TI - The place of elemental diet in clinical nutrition. PMID- 1131330 TI - Oral and intravenous prostaglandin E2 in induction of labour. PMID- 1131331 TI - Nimorazole and metronidazole in the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis. PMID- 1131332 TI - Rheumatoid scleritis producing exophthalmos. PMID- 1131333 TI - An experience of cancer. A ten-year survey of malignant disease arising in a Scottish island. PMID- 1131334 TI - Ewing's tumour, a review of 73 cases. PMID- 1131335 TI - Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas developing in a young woman with a choledochal cyst. PMID- 1131336 TI - The purpose of occupational medicine. AB - The purposes of occupational medicine are described in terms of its clinical medical, environmental medical, research, and administrative content. Each of these components is essential in different proportions in comprehensive occupational health services for different industries, and can only be satisfactorily provided by occupational physicians and occupational health nurses who are an integral part of their organizations. Two-thirds of the working population in the United Kingdom are without the benefits of occupational medicine. The reorganization of the National Health Service and of local government presents the opportunity to extend occupational health services to many more workers who need them. It is suggested that area health authorities should provide occupational health services for all National Health Service staff and, on an agency basis, for local government and associated services, eventually extending to local industry. Such area health authority based services, merged with the Employment Medical Advisory Service, could conveniently then be part of the National Health Service, as recommended by the British Medical Association, the Society of Occupational Medicine, and the Medical Services Review Committee. PMID- 1131337 TI - Circadian variation in physiological responses to exercise on a stationary bicycle ergometer. AB - The responses of six healthy male subjects to submaximal and maximal exercise on a stationary bicycle ergometer have been investigated over a 24-hour period. Measurements were made on each subject at approximately three-hourly intervals and they included minute ventilation at a carbon dioxide output of 1-5 1 min minus 1 (VE 1-5), tidal volume at a fixed VE of 30 1 min-minus 1 (VT 30), oxygen intake (VO2) at a work load (W) of 150 W (VO2 150), tympanic temperature (Tty) and cardiac frequency at a VO2 of 1-5 1 min-minus 1 (fH 1-5). The experiments were conducted in three parts: on the first occasion two subjects were measured during exercise; on the second occasion a further four subjects were observed in a similar way but starting from a baseline of zero load, and the measurements also included an estimate of cardiac output (Q) using a rebreathing technique. Finally the maximum aerobic power output (VO2max) was measured in three of the subjects in early morning and late evening. Diet and habitual physical activity were held constant between the exercise test on all three occasions. The results show that in the first two subjects fH 1-5 and Tty had a rhythmic pattern of variation with time of day whereas VE 1-5, VT30, and VO2 150 remained fairly constant. The variation in fH 1-5 was associated with Tty; the two variables reached a minimum at similar to 0500 hr and a maximum at similar 1200 hr. These results were confirmed on the remaining subjects but the changes in fH 1-5 and Tty were shown to be more variable and reduced in magnitude. Further, if the changes were calculated from a baseline of zero load, it was shown that the absolute changes observed in fH 1-5 and Tty were not due to the exercise per se but to changes in the basal level from which each subject operated. In addition it was shown that VO2 max and Q remained constant and were independent of the time of day. It is concluded that provided the exercise test conditions are rigidly standardized and subjects exercise from a controlled baseline there is no evidence for circadian variation in the change of responses to work at submaximal or maximal effort. PMID- 1131338 TI - Carboxyhaemoglobin levels of smokers and non-smokers working in the City of London. AB - The carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels of two groups of workers in the City of London were determined. The mean COHb in smokers (5-8%) was significantly greater than that of the non-smoking group (1-3%). In general, cigarette consumption could be directly related to the COHb level but there was considerable individual variation. The mean COHb level of manual workers was significantly lower than that of sedentary workers even though the former group tended to smoke more heavily. PMID- 1131339 TI - A comparison of concentrations of lead in human tissues. AB - This postmortem study of lead concentrations in the tissues of 129 subjects is an extension to a report by Barry and Mossman (1970). Lead concentrations in bone greatly exceeded the concentrations in soft tissues and were highest in the dense bones. Bone lead concentrations increased with age in both sexes, more especially in male subjects and in dense bone, varying between mean values of 2-16 ppm in the ribs of children to over 50 ppm in the dense petrous temporal bones of elderly male adults. Male adults contained over 30% more lead in their bones than females. Mean concentrations of lead in the soft tissues varied from less than 0 1 ppm in organs such as muscle and heart to over 2 ppm in the aorta. In most tissues with lead values in excess of 0-2 ppm the male concentrations exceeded female values by about 30%. With the exception of the aorta, spleen, lung, and prostate, lead concentrations did not increase with age in the soft tissues of either sex after about the second decade of life. Children showed concentrations of lead in their soft tissues comparable to female adults, but the concentrations in bone were much lower. It is suggested that children do not possess the same capacity as adults to retain lead in bone. In male adults occupationally exposed to lead the concentrations of lead in bone exceeded the concentrations in unexposed male adults within the same age group by two-to three-fold. Soft tissue lead concentrations between the two groups were less divergent. An assessment of the total body burden of lead revealed higher levels in adult male subjects than in females at mean values of 164-8 mg compared to 103-6 mg, respectively. Over 90% of the total body burden of lead in adults was in bone, of which over 70% was in dense bone. Male adults occupationally exposed to lead had mean total body burdens of 566-4 mg Pb, of which 97% was in bone. The release of lead from bone in conjunction with calcium was not considered to be of physiological significance. Lead concentrations of hair and nails were higher than soft tissue lead concentrations and varied widely. Hair lead measurements were not considered to provide a reliable assessment of lead absorption. The concentrations of lead in tissues of a mixed group of subjects with no known occupational exposure to lead have been shown to be comparable to the findings in earlier studies. Present levels of lead in the environment are not considered to be a hazard to the health of the population in general. PMID- 1131340 TI - Effects of a single exposure to carbon disulphide on the rate of urea production and on plasma free fatty acid and glucose concentrations in the rat. AB - The concentration of plasma free fatty acids in rats was significantly increased after a short period of exposure to inhalation of carbon disulphide (4 h, 2 mg/1). In contrast, after a longer period of exposure (15 h overnight, 2 mg/1) the concentration of plasma free fatty acid was significantly decreased despite a small hypoglycaemia. At the same time plasma urea concentration was significantly higher in CS2-treated rats. The total esterified fatty acid content of plasma was lower after exposure, but there was no change in plasma glycerol. Following an intragastric water load, no differences were observed in urine flow rate nor in renal clearances of urea and inulin between control and treated rats. It is concluded that the rate of urea production is significantly increased during acute CS2-intoxication, and it is suggested that two factors contribute to this effect: first, an increased breakdown of proteins with which CS2 or its metabolic products have reacted; and secondly an increased rate of utilization of plasma glucose associated with increased gluconeogenesis from amino acid precursors. It is further suggested that the stress effects of CS2 dominate in the short term before being overcome by a diminished sympathetic response. When rats were exposed to CS2 overnight without free access to water, the great vessel haematocrit was significantly lower than in corresponding controls. This was shown to be accounted for by differences in plasma volume. No such difference was observed when rats had free access to water during exposure. These effects probably reflect differing rates of water loss under mildly dehydrating conditions, but a direct effect of CS2 on the cardiovascular system is not excluded. PMID- 1131341 TI - Dust exposure in manual flax processing in Egypt. AB - Manual flax processing originated in Egypt in 2 000 BC. In the present study a representative sample of the workers involved in this trade, where flax is processed in small workshops or homes, was examined, and their dust exposure was evaluated. The study showed that workers handling and processing flax are exposed to high concentrations of dust; the levels of dust at hackling and combing are considerably higher than at batting and spinning. Byssinosis prevailed in 22-9% of the examined workers, and 18-4% of them had their forced expiratory volume in one second reduced by more than 10% at the end of the first morning work period (4 hours) of the week. Both the rates and the grades of these syndromes increased with duration of exposure. Smoking appeared to be one of the important contributory factors in the production of byssinosis. The relationship between dust concentration and prevalence of byssinosis seems to be curvilinear. PMID- 1131342 TI - Application of blood cadmium determination to industry using a punched disc technique. AB - A paper disc flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method is described for the determination of cadmium (Cd) in blood, enabling difficulties in sample preparation to be minimized. By control of the ashing step the matrix can be removed without loss of cadmium. Problems with the fast signal response during atomization can be met by spectral band width and temperature control. At the 106 pg level (471 nmol Cd/1 blood; 5-3 mug/100 ml) the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0-06. Results in four industrial situations are reported. This description of the method should facilitate further investigation of its application to industry using capillary or venous blood. PMID- 1131343 TI - Myoglobinuria and renal failure in toluene poisoning. PMID- 1131344 TI - Effects of general anaesthesia on the intraocular pressure in man. Trichloroethylene in nitrous oxide and oxygen. AB - The effect of TCE on the intraocular pressure was investigated in eight patients under thiopentone nitrous oxide/oxygen anaesthesia, using a muscle relaxant (pancuronium bromide). Pulmonary ventilation was controlled and the end-tidal carbon dioxide was maintained at 5 per cent. In every patient the intraocular pressure was observed to rise as TCE was administered and then to return to the initial level when the administration of TCE ceased. PMID- 1131345 TI - Editorial: Prognostic evaluation of retinal detachment. PMID- 1131346 TI - Biochemical investigation of the subretinal fluid. AB - The level of total protein, protein fractions, sialic acids, and hexosamines was studied in the subretinal fluid (SRF) and blood of patients with retinal detachment. The level of these components in the SRF varied over a considerable range. A low level of total protein, sialic acids, and hexosamines was characteristic of patients with relatively recent clinical forms of retinal detachment, following the most favourable course, and with the best response to surgery. Higher indices were found in patients with marked changes in the fundus oculi, gross destruction of the vitreous body, considerable pathology of the crystalline lens, and correspondingly worse response to surgery. As the pathological changes develop in retinal detachment, there is a parallel increase in the protein levels in the SRF. However, exceptions to this rule indicate that the pathological process may vary. An inverse correlation is found between the level of total protein in the SRF and the electrical sensitivity of the retina. A comparison of the biochemical investigation with the clinical examination suggests that the occurrence of retinal tears and the increase of protein in the SRF are due to the same degenerative processes. PMID- 1131347 TI - Silastic rod encirclement in retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 1131348 TI - Retinal vascular occlusions in open heart surgery. AB - This study describes microthrombotic emboli (with their ultrastructure) and emboli of fat and of dimethylpolysiloxane with silica in the retinal microcirculation of two patients who died-each after his second open heart operation. The presence of silica was confirmed by electron probe x-ray micro analysis. PMID- 1131349 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic papilloedema in children. AB - A surgical technique for optic nerve decompression in children is described and contrasted with other techniques described in the literature. The operation was effective in relieving long-standing disc oedema in two cases in which the swelling was due to raised intracranial pressure. Photographic evidence is presented. The indications for surgery and how its effect is exerted are discussed. PMID- 1131350 TI - Laser-phakopuncture in the treatment of soft cataracts. AB - A new method of treating soft cataracts by laser irradiation is described ("laser phakopuncture"). Rupture of the lens capsule can be produced by a strong laser pulse focused on the anterior surface of the lens. This is followed by gradual reabsorption of the lens substance (in much the same manner as with a conventional discission procedure). Pigment deposits on the capsule are usually necessary to ensure sufficient absorption of light energy at the target point. The laser beam can also be employed in a preliminary procedure to produce such pigmented spots, and to prepare the eye for a subsequent laser-phakopuncture. The method was first investigated experimentally on animal eyes. The so-called Q switched lasers proved to be most effective in producing a tear in the capsule. It was then tried clinically in nine juvenile patients and reabsorption of the lens substance was the eventual result in all cases, although full visual acuity was achieved in only tow of them. These of lasers offers a completely new approach to the treatment of cataract without surgery. PMID- 1131351 TI - Long-term results of the Choyce anterior chamber lens implants Marks V, VII, and VIII. AB - 68 eyes in which Choyce Mark VIII anterior chamber lenses had been implanted were examined, all surgery having been performed by Mr. Choyce. The average time since implantation was 5-5 years aand in 85 per cent. of eyes the corrected visual acuity was 6/12 or better. Bullous keratopathy, corneal epithelial oedema, and peripheral anterior synechiae giving rise to glaucoma were the most serious complications. Visual result, binocular function, and patient satisfaction were generally very good. PMID- 1131352 TI - Superficial fibrillary lines. A feature of the normal cornea. PMID- 1131353 TI - Fibrillary lines of the cornea. A clinical sign in keratoconus. AB - Fibrillary lines, whether in the normal cornea or in keratoconus, are faint structures which must be searched for diligently with the appropriate biomicroscopical settings, using a high magnification and oblique focal illumination of high intensity. They are unlikely to be confused with other superficial linear changes in the cornea, such as mare's tail epithelial lines, fingerprint lines and their variants, ring lines, and so on. A detailed description of these and other entities is given elsewhere (Brown and Bron, in preparation). PMID- 1131354 TI - Calcium deposition as a cause of spoilation of hydrophilic soft contact lenses. AB - A series of 75 spoilt soft lenses with opacities (mostly manifesting as discrete spots or as large areas of cloudiness, chalk-white in appearance) were subjected to histochemical, electron microscopical, electron probe x-ray microanalytical, x ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectro-photometric, and biochemical analyses. The results showed that in many cases calcium was implicated in the deposit formation and that a broad correlation existed between the amount of calcium present and the degree of opacification. The possible mode of calcium deposition and resulting implications in lens intolerance are discussed. It is advocated that a search should be made for a modified or new soft lens material which does not permit calcium deposition, and that the medical practitioner should strive towards improved assessment of the systemic and ocular conditions which may help in identifying patients at risk of early lens failure. PMID- 1131355 TI - Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. The dangers of an eponym. AB - Two cases of painful ophthalmoplegia are described which were initially thought to be examples of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Both were partially responsive to steroid treatment. Subsequent investigations showed that in one case the condition was due to an aneurysm and in the other to a malignant lymphoma. PMID- 1131356 TI - Solitary choroidal metastasis from bronchial carcinoid. AB - This report describes the clinical, light microscopical, and electron microscopical features of a metastasis from a bronchial carcinoid tumour occurring in a 29-year-old white woman. The eye lesions was diagnosed 30months after resection of the primary pulmonary tumour. Ophthalmoscopically the patient was observed to have a solid choroidal mass. Enucleation was carried out because of the possibility that the tumour was a primary choroidal melanoma. Enucleation was also indicated because of the relatively good prognosis for long-term survival in patients following excision of metastases from a bronchial carcinoid tumour. By light microscopy the metastasis was seen to be composed of cords; and ribbons of cells which showed positive staining characteristics for argentophilia. On electron microscopical study, neurosecretory vesicles, numerous microvilli, mitochondria, and light and dark cells, characteristic of endocrine tissue in different states of activity were noted. PMID- 1131357 TI - Orbital plasma cell myeloma. PMID- 1131358 TI - Filarial worm (Loa loa) in the anterior chamber. Report of two cases. AB - Two Nigerian patients with intraocular parasitism by adult Loa loa worms are reported. Whereas Loa loa infestation of the subcutaneous tissues around the eye usually has no permanent effect on visual acuity, in the two cases reported the affected eye became blind. PMID- 1131359 TI - Anomaly in visual acuity testing in children. AB - A popular and widely used method of visual acuity testing of young children is criticized on the grounds that it often fails to elicit amblyopia. The results obtained when the visual acuity of thirty amblyopic children was tested by different methods show that monotype testing gives an apparent acuity averaging three grades better than those derived from the standard Snellen's test. PMID- 1131360 TI - The capacity for arylsulfatase synthesis in synchronous and synchronized cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardti. AB - The green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardti synthesizes arylsulfatase (arylsulfate sulfohydrolase EC 3.1.6.1) by derepression when the concentration of SO4-2-minus in the growth medium is less than about 5-10-minus 5 M. The following observations indicate that the arylsulfatase enzyme is stable while its mRNA was unstable: (1) The increase in enzyme activity stopped and remained constant after addition of cycloheximide to derepressed cells. (2) After readdition of SO4-2 minus the increase in enzyme activity continued at a lower rate whereafter it remained constant. (3) No decay of radioactivity was observed after readdition of SO4 2-minus in labelled enzyme protein isolated from pulse-labelled --S cells. The maximum rate of arylsulfatase synthesis. Measurements of this capacity in cells taken at different developmental stages from a selection synchronous and from a light-dark synchronized culture showed that: (1) Arylsulfatase was derepressible at all stages of the life cycle. (2) The same periodic capacity patterns were found, both with the synchronized and the synchronous cells. Furthermore, the rate of accummulation of RNA and protein changed in the same periodic manner during the life cycle as did the enzyme capacity. PMID- 1131361 TI - On the application of affinity chromatography to turnover studies on the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. AB - 1. The suitability of a combined application of the techniques of affinity chromatography, double labelling and gel electrophoresis in the determination of the turnover characteristics of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (L lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.27) in rat tissues has been studied. 2. Affinity chromatography was established as affording the advantages of rapidity, high yield and purity to such studies, and the double-labelling procedure was modified to encompass the differential decay kinetics in the separate rat tissues. In addition, a convenient method for the resolution and separate collection of radioactively labelled isoenzymes has been described. 3. Using this methodology, comparative turnover values for the isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase and for total soluble protein have been determined. 4. The comparability of these results with other methodologies, and the advantages of this approach in facilitating broad comparative studies on turnover are discussed. PMID- 1131362 TI - Formation of phagolysosomes containing dextran and Triton WR 1339 in mouse liver. AB - After injection of Triton WR 1339 and dextran into mice, phagolysosomes containing both compounds were obtained from the liver regardless of the order of injection of these materials. This suggests that phagososomes containing the other material. The recoveries of various lysosomal enzymes differed in phagolysosomes after injection of Triton WR 1339 with or without dextran: recoveries of beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and arylsulfatase were high, and that of acid phosphatase was low. PMID- 1131363 TI - On the stimulation of gluconeogenesis by L-lysine in isolated rat kidney cortex tubules. AB - 1. L-Lysins (2 mM) stimulates (30-50%) gluconeogenesis in isolated kidney cortex tubules from 24-h-starved rats in the presence of lactate and Krebs cycle intermediates, but not pyruvate and glutamate. The stimulation of renal gluconeogenesis by L-lysine is a short-term effect. The effect is of catalytic nature, but not due to sparing of substrate. L-lysine caused a decrease of lactate/pyruvate ratio. 2. Apart from L-lysine, 1-10 mM NH-4Cl (16-40%) and 2 mM aspartate (66%) were capable to stimulate gluconeogenesis from lactate. Other amino acids tested did not stimulate renal gluconeogenesis, except L-alanine. The stimulation of gluconeogenesis by lysine was not additive to the stimulation by NH-4Cl. Likewise, there was no stimulation of gluconeogenesis from lactate by L lysine in the presence of glutamate or arnithine. Levels of ammonia, glutamate and aspartate were elevated in the presence of L-lysine, NH-4Cl or glutamate about two-fold, were capable to stimulate gluconeogenesis. 3. The stimulation of gluconeogenesis by L-lysine from malate, succinate and oxoglutarate was abolished in the presence of amino oxy-acetate (0.05 mM), whereas controls were not significantly affected. 4. After 1 h of incubation about 5% of added [U-14C] lysine was recovered as 14-CO-2. The extra ammonia formed in the presence of L lysine would also correspond with about 5-10% of added lysine being metabolized. 5. 14-CO-2 formation from [1-14C] butyrate and [1-14C] palmitate was inhibited by 20-30% in the presence of 2 mM L-lysine. 6. O-2 uptake and cellular levels of K+ were not significantly affected by L-lysine. 14-CO-2 fixation from pyruvate and 14-CO-2 formation from [1-14C]-pyruvate by isolated, intact rat liver mitochondria remained unchanged by L-lysine. Likewise no direct effect of L lysine on enzyme activities could be detected. 7. CONCLUSION: The data seem compatible with the assumption that stimulation of gluconeogenesis in isolated kidney cortex tubules by L-lysine is due to a stimulation of the malate-aspartate shuttle as a consequence of an increased provision of glutamate and aspartate. PMID- 1131364 TI - Rat pancreas adenylate cyclase. III. Its role in pancreatic secretion assessed by means of choleara toxin. AB - 1. The role of adenylate cyclase in rat pancreas is further investigated by means of cholera toxin, which is known to activate the enzyme in several tissues. 2. Cholera toxin activates rat pancreatic adenylate cyclase in vitro upon preincubation of tissue slices with the toxin for more than 30 min, but not when it is merely present during the enzyme assay. The maximal effect is reached after 90 min pre-incubation. The half-maximally activating concentration is 3.5 mu-g/ml upon pre-incubation for 90 min. 3. After pre-treatment of pancreatic tissue slices with 2 mu-g/ml cholera toxin, further stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity can be obtained by adding pancreozymin-C-octapeptide, secretin, or fluoride to the assay medium, but the final activity with maximally effective concentrations of the hormones is not higher, and with fluoride even less, than that without the toxin pre-treatment. 4. The in vivo effects of the two hormones and of cholera toxin have been studied after cannulation of the pancreas. Pancreozymin-C-octapeptide (intravenously) markedly stimulates both flow rate and rate of protein secretion. Synthetic secretin (intravenously), in addition to its expected effect on flow rate, slightly stimulates protein secretion, which is not due to a wash-out effect. Cholera toxin, topically applied to the cannulated rat pancreas, causes a steady increase of the flow rate after a delay of 20--30 min. The rate of protein secretion is not affected or slightly decreased by the toxin. Pancreozymin-C-octapeptide, given intravenously 1 h after cholera toxin application, causes the same increase in flow rate and rate of protein secretion as would be expected without cholera toxin treatment. 5. The sodium and potassium levels in the pancreatic fluid after administration of secretin or cholera toxin do not change, while the chloride level decreases in both cases. 6. These observations indicate that the rat pancreas adenylate cyclase activity is a rate limiting factor in the regulation of water and electrolyte secretion. A possible auxiliary role in the regulation of enzyme secretion cannot yet be excluded. PMID- 1131365 TI - The dependence of glucose formation from lactate on the adenosine triphosphate content in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Bilateral intercollicular lesions in the chick abolish or depress notonly calling, but also those phases of behavior when calling would have been occurring. These include: long bouts of excited feeding immediately after food is made available;examining and pecking moving targets and novel objects; persistent scanning, and inhibitionof other behaviour in a novel environment. Deaf birds behave precisely like controls,so that possible auditory deficits are not involved. During calling phases significantvisual stimuli are treated as if they were startling or conspicuous. Conversely,continuousexamination of a stimulus causes calling to diminish or disappear even though responsecontinues; a brief period when the stimulus is not seen causes calling to begin againwhen it is once more perceived. In addition to the increased effectiveness of relevantvisual stimuli, motor facilitation is usual in calling phases, as is inhibition ofirrelevant responses. Emotioanl behaviour in man and other mammals is composed tocalling phases in the chick PMID- 1131366 TI - Chondroitin sulphate of calf knee-joint cartilage. AB - Chondroitin sulphate from different layers of calf knee-joint cartilage has been isolated and purified. Analysis for hexosamine, uronic acid, sulphate and relative proportions of the 4- and 6-isomers revealed no differences between the layers. However, an increase in the average molecular weight of the chondroitin sulphate was found to correspond with distance from the articular surface. In particular, the average molecular weight in the epiphyseal cartilage was significantly higher than that in the articular cartilage. The chondroitin sulphate of the 40-mu-mthick articular surface layer was found to have a higher molecular weight than the rest of the articular part of the cartilage and also to be more polydisperse. These results, regarding molecular size, are in agreement with the cetylpyridinium chloride cellulose microcolumn fractionation patterns. PMID- 1131367 TI - The transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to endogenous lipid acceptors in liver microsomes. AB - When the microsomal fraction of beef liver is incubated with UDP-[14-C]-galactose in the presence of an inhibitor of nucleotide pyrophosphatase, there is an incorporation of the [14-C]galactose into glycoprotein and into two lipid components, one soluble in chloroform and the other in chloroform/methanol/water (1:1:0.3). Chromatography of the chloroform fraction on DEAE-cellulose or Kieselguhr G gives a single peak with behavior identical to that of dolichol phosphate mannose. Hydrolysis of the chloroform fraction released free galactose. It seems, therefore, that galactose, like glucose, mannose, and N acetylglucosamine, can be transferred from its respective sugar nucleotide to glycoprotein via dolichol intermediates. PMID- 1131368 TI - Electrical capacity of black lipid films and of lipid bilayers made from monolayers. AB - Planar bilayer membranes were formed from monolayers of a series of mono unsaturated monoglycerides and lecithins. The hydrocarbon thickness of these membranes, as calculated from the electrical capacity, increases with the length of the fatty acid chain. The specific capacity of monoolein bilayers was found to be 0.745 muF/cm-2 which is nearly twice that of a monoolein black film made in the presence of decane, but is close to that obtained after freezing out the solvent from the black film. The hydrocarbon thickness of the bilayer, as calculated with a dielectric constant of 2.1, is considerably less than twice the length of the extended hydrocarbon chain of the monoglyceride. The specific capacity (Cm) of bilayers made from monoolein monolayers showed a negligible voltage dependence, whereas the Cm increased significantly at a voltage of 150 mV in the case of Mueller-Rudin-type monoolein films with n-decane as a solvent. PMID- 1131369 TI - Kinetics of a Ca-2+-triggered membrane aggregation reaction of phospholipid membranes. AB - Ca-2+ and other divalent cations can trigger aggregation of phospholipid vesicles containing phosphatidic acid or phosphatidylserine. The reaction, which can be detected by an increase in light scattering, has a critical dependence on the Ca 2+ concentration, with a threshold near 4 mM Ca-2+. This is the concentration for half-saturation of the polar head groups and for full neutralization of the membrane surface charge. The aggregation proceeds as a "polymerization" reaction, eventually forming such large aggregates that the vesicles precipitate. The stopped-flow rapid mixing technique was used to study the vesicle dimerization reaction which is the first step in the overall aggregation process. Vesicle dimerization resulted in a doubling of light scattering and had a vesicle concentration-dependent time constant (t1/2) which varied between 0.4 and 2.0s under the conditions of the study. Analysis of the dependence of the reaction amplitude and l/t 1/2 on the concentrations of vesicles and Ca-2+ showed that the Ca-2+ binding is fast, and that the dimerization proceeds by a mechanism in which the vesicles first collide to form an encounter complex followed by a slower conversion of the encounter complex to a stable complex. For phosphatidic acid vesicles, about 200-700 collisions are necessary to achieve a stable dimer. The rate-limiting step in the overall reaction is thus the transformation of the encounter complex into a stable complex, requiring 0.5 and 1.0 ms. The above mentioned results are relatively insensitive insensitive to the type of divalent cation or to the choice of negatively charged lipid (phosphatidic acid or phosphatidylserine). Evidence is given that the stable complex is effected by Ca 2+-mediated salt bridges between the two membranes and that the rate constant of the transformation step derives from the statistics of the distribution and the rate of redistribution of Ca-2+-occupied polar head groups on the membrane surfaces. The relevance of these results to the problem of Ca-2+-induced fusion of biological membranes is discussed. PMID- 1131371 TI - Release and uptake of haemoglobin and ions in red blood cells induced by dielectric breakdown. AB - External electric field strengths of the order of 10-3 minus10-4 v-cm-minus1 induce potassium release and concomitant sodium uptake in human and bovine red blood cells, as demonstrated in an electrolytic discharge chamber. The reversible increase of the membrane permeability once the critical membrane potential is reached is caused by dielectric breakdown of the membrane. The values of the critical membrane potential differences calculated from the potassium release and sodium uptake curves are close to those which were calculated from dielectric breakdown measurements in a hydrodynamic focussing Coulter Counter using the Laplace equation. With bovine red blood cells, the potassium release and the concomitant sodium uptake is coupled with haemoglobin release from the cells, while with human red blood cells much higher external electric field strengths are required for haemoglobin release. The external electric field strength required for solute release and uptake in bovine and human red blood cells depends on the pulse length, particularly below a value of about 10 mus, when a strong increase in the field strength occurs with decreasing pulse lengths. At 50 100 mus pulse lengths an asymptotic value of the critical electrical field strength of 2.6 kV-cm-minus1 for the modal volume of human red blood cells and 2.8 kV-cm-minus1 for the modal volume of bovine red blood cells is reached, corresponding to a critical membrane potential difference of about 1.1 V for both species. This value is close to that measured directly for dielectric breakdown of the membranes of Valonia utricularis (0.85 V, 20 degrees C). The increase in electric field strength with decreasing pulse length can be explained by the capacitance of the membrane, which becomes the rate limiting step for the temporal build-up of the electric potential across the membrane. The time constant of this process was determined to be approx. 10 mus. The critical membrane potential difference for breakdown is therefore pulse-length independent. The breakdown of the membrane can be interpreted by an electromechanical collapse of the membrane material. Numerical considerations of the dynamics of this membrane collapse predict that the breakdown time is a very rapid process. PMID- 1131370 TI - Solubilization of brush borders of hamster small intestine and fractionation of some of the components. AB - About 90% of the protein of hamster intestinal brush borders was solubilised in 0.25% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate without total loss of biological activity. Detergent-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the solubilised proteins separated 10-15 bands and partially resolved maltase, lactase, sucrase-maltase, trehalase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The disaccharidases, which were associated with the higher molecular weight proteins, were preferentially solubilised with 0.1%. (w/v) Triton X-100, butanol or papain, whereas Tris and NaI extracted only the lower molecular weight proteins, possible derived from the core filaments. Electrophoresis of brush border proteins metabolically labelled with [14-C] glucosamine suggested that many of the membrane-bound enzymes are glycoproteins. However, chromatography of a papain digest on Sephadex G-200 showed that the sucrase-maltase complex can be separated nearly free of carbohydrate without total loss of activity. The importance of characterizing membrane proteins solubilised by a number of techniques is discussed. PMID- 1131372 TI - [Digital simulation of central data processing controlling the organization of blackbird song (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131373 TI - The application of an averaging method to intermittently modified and endogenously generated spike activities of neurons in mollusc ganglia. PMID- 1131374 TI - An interaction model of a Poisson and a renewal process related to neuron firing. PMID- 1131375 TI - An approach to the analysis of the underlying structure of visual space using a generalized notion of visual pattern recognition. PMID- 1131376 TI - [Efficiency and control performance of man in followins stochastic signals]. PMID- 1131377 TI - Perturbation effects on stability of gravity receptors. PMID- 1131379 TI - Changes in cellular growth in newborn rats and rabbits exposed to photoirradiation. AB - Effects of photoirradiation from lamps currently used in phototherapy on growth in newborn rats and rabbits were studied. The newborn animals subjected to 96 h of phototherapy were found to be smaller than comparable nonirradiated animals. Mean organ weight of the brain, liver, heart and kidney was lower in the photoirradiated groups than in the nonirradiated group. DNA, protein content, protein/DNA ratio, cell number and cell size were also significantly reduced (p= less than 0.01) in the photoirradiated groups when compared to the nonirradiated group. The degree of growth retardation was more pronounced in rats subjected to continuous photoirradiation than intermittent photoirradiation (12 h on and 12 h off). PMID- 1131378 TI - Influence on fetal carbohydrate and fat metabolism and on acid-base balance of glucose administration to the mother during labour. AB - Parturients during normal labour were given glucose. The maternal-fetal difference of glucose increased with increasing maternal glucose level. Glucose load caused a rapid early response of maternal insulin release. A parallel rise in plasma lactate and pyruvate occurred in both fetus and mother. The basal maternal hydroxybutyrate and glycerol concentrations decreased significantly during glucose load. The study demonstrated that at term, components of lipid metabolism in fetal and maternal plasma-in contrast to glucose -vary independently. No major disturbances of the fetal acid-base balance were found. PMID- 1131380 TI - Some physical and biochemical parameters during normal labour. AB - A statistical study of parameters of uterine contraction, fetal heart rate, acid base balance and glycaemia has been made in 30 patients during spontaneous and clinically normal labour for each 2 cm of cervical dilatation. The study of uterine contractility gives the mean values and 95% limits of parameters of uterine contraction as labour progresses. The fetal heart rate is stable during dilation, on the other hand, during the expulsive phase, alterations of fetal heart rate appear, modifications which give evidence of trial that expulsive phase is for the fetus. The study of fetal and maternal acid-base balance shows little change during cervical dilatation, changes towards acidosis during expulsive phase, as importance of feto-maternal relationships. These relationships meet again on the study of glycaemia. PMID- 1131381 TI - Characterization and quantitation of the five major plasma protein fractions in seven-day-old piglets. AB - Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was applied to resolve, characterize and quantitate the five major plasma protein fractions of 7-day-old pigs. Purified Cohn fractions were added to the piglets plasma and the individual fractions characterized by similarities in mobilities. All mobilities were expressed relative to albumin. Relative percentages and concentrations of the electrophoretically separated plasma proteins were also calculated. The respective mean values for the plasma concentration of albumin, alpha-, beta, gamma-globulin and fibrinogen obtained from 45 piglets were 1.98, 0.93, 0.27, 0.60 and 1.49 g/100 ml, respectively. PMID- 1131382 TI - Maximum thermogenic response to cold in relation to the proportion of brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in the body and to other parameters in young lambs. AB - No relationship was apparent between the maximum thermogenic response of lambs to cold (summit metabolism) and the dissectable brown adipose tissue content, or the chemically extractable lipid content of the whole animal or the weight of various skeletal muscles. Correlations of summit metabolism with other parameters also suggested that the level of glucose, FFA and glycerol in the circulation, and the glycogen stores in liver and muscle, did not limit summit metabolism. However, significant correlations of summit metabolism with cardiac output and arteriovenous differences in oxygen content of blood focused attention on the possible role of the cardiovascular system and on the metabolic capability of the thermogenic tissues in determining summit metabolism. PMID- 1131383 TI - Quantity and calculated oxygen consumption during summit metabolism of brown adipose tissue in new-born lambs. AB - Macroscopic dissection of new-born lambs of several breeds revealed that brown adipose tissue comprised approximately 1.5% of the body weight. The perirenal abdominal and prescapular-cervical depots were by far the largest, and the overall distribution was largely consistent with that reported for other species, although there was no significant interscapular depot. The oxygen consumption of the brown adipose tissue in lambs was calculated to reach 70 ml/(g-h), which is consistent with published data for rabbit brown adipose tissue, in vivo, but 35 times higher than that for the same tissue in vitro. It was also calculated that a substantial portion, perhaps two thirds, of the lipid available for metabolism was stored outside the adipose tissue. The study also made it possible to examine the validity of methods of estimating blood flow through brown adipose tissue. Untenable venous blood oxygen saturations were calculated from results obtained using 86-Rb, but saturation calculated from results with the radio-active microsphere method were entirely plausible. PMID- 1131384 TI - Experimental intrauterine growth retardation. AB - The effects of experimental intrauterine growth retardation on subsequent fetal development, especially with respect to brain development, were studied in a new animal model. The rabbit was chosen since it has a perinatal pattern of brain development similar to that of the human. Experimental ischemia was induced during the last trimester by ligation of spiral arterioles and the differential effects on fetal development at term (30th gestational day) are reported. Specific brain regions were examined for wet weight, total cell number (DNA) and total protein content. Highly significant decreases in all these parameters were found in both the cortex and cerebellum following experimental intrauterine growth retardation; these two organs were differentially affected. The prospects and advantages of using this animal model for the study of the postnatal "catch up growth" are discussed. PMID- 1131385 TI - Estimation of red blood cell volume in premature infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Red blood cell volume was estimated indirectly from plasma volume and venous hematocrit measurements in 262 consecutively delivered premature infants of less than 37 weeks' gestation. Infants with respiratory distress syndrome averaged lower red cell volumes (P0.02) than those without. Fatal cases had the lowest volumes. There was a 10.3% mortality from RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) among the one third of infants with the smallest red cell volumes, and only a 2.3% mortality among the one third with the largest volumes. Red cell volume was shown to be a direct correlate of time of cord clamping and thereby of the amount of placental transfusion, both in infants with and without RDS. From this study it is probable that delayed cord clamping, by allowing placental transfusion, decreases the risk of death from RDS in premature infants. Delay in clamping the umbilical cord for 1-1.5 min is advised in premature births. PMID- 1131386 TI - Studies on normal and precocious appearance of jejunal sucrase in suckling rats. AB - Some of the cellular and molecular events involved in the normal and precocious appearance of sucrase in jejunum of infant rats have been studied. Actinomycin D has been shown to inhibit (by 79%) the rise in sucrase activity usually seen after administration of hydrocortisone to 9-day-old rats. The precocious appearance of sucrase has also been studied with respect to the cytological localization of enzyme activity in the intestinal mucosa. Tissue was sectioned in a cryostat (transverse to the villi) and sucrase was assayed in homogenates prepared from the sections. By 24 h after administration of hydrocortisone to 9 day-old animals, sucrase was detectable only at the bases of the villi. During the subsequent 72 h the enzyme activity increased and spread along the villi at a rate consistent with that of cell migration. These data have lead to the conclusion that the action of glucocorticoids on enterocytes can occur only when the cells are in their proliferative phase. An ontogenic study of the ability of hydrocortisone to elicit jejunal sucrase showed that the tissue becomes increasingly responsive to the hormone with increasing age through the first and second postnatal weeks. Various hypotheses to explain this increase have been examined. PMID- 1131387 TI - Quantitative evaluation of the maternal-fetal transfer of free fatty acids in the rat. AB - On the 21st day of pregnancy the amount of fatty acids transferred from the mother to the fetuses was determined using the tracer technique and a mathematical model. The present study showed that 0.19 mu-mol fatty acids/min pass into the fetuses from the maternal circulation. The amount of fatty acids required for the growth and development of the rat fetuses amounts to 0.25 mu-mol fatty acids/min. From these data one can conclude that the maternal circulation is an even more important source of fetal fatty acids than the fatty acid synthesis in fetal tissue. PMID- 1131389 TI - A reproducible gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for low levels of methylphenidate and ritalinic acid in blood and urine. AB - A rapid, sensitive method of analysis for methylphenidate and ritalinic acid in blood and urine has been developed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring for separation and detection. The methylphenidate is isolated by solvent extraction into chloroform and the ritalinic acid is isolated by salting out into isopropyl alcohol, followed by methylation and subsequent solvent extraction. The method has been applied to the study of methylphenidate metabolism and excretion in adults and hyperactive children undergoing treatment with methylphenidate. PMID- 1131388 TI - Identification of alkaloids; the condensation products of biogenic amines with formaldehyde, enzymatically formed from 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. AB - The use of thin-layer chromatography has demonstrated that incubations of indoleamines with 5-methyl[14-C]tetrahydrofolic acid and an enzyme previously described as an N-methyltransferase, do not yield Nw, N1, or O-methylated products. Further elucidation by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring enabled us to identify the reaction products as tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in mixtures incubated respectively with catecholamines and indoleamines in the presence of 5 methyl[14-C]tetrahydrofolic acid and enzyme. The alkaloids have been shown to originate from a spontaneous condensation of the corresponding amines with formaldehyde, this latter being formed in the first stage of the reaction by enzymatic conversion from 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. PMID- 1131390 TI - The rapid identification of a new metabolite of warfarin via a chemical ionization mass spectrometry ion doublet technique. AB - An ion doublet chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique was utilized for the rapid detection and elucidation of the structure of a new hydroxylated metabolite of the oral anticoagulant warfarin. This technique involves the use of a 50:50 mixture of stable isotope labeled and unlabeled drug. With this procedure ions found in the mass spectrum which are associated with the administered drug can be identified unambiguously. The unknown metabolite from rat liver microsomal preparations was identified as benzylic hydroxywarfarin by reincubating the microsomes with warfarin specifically labeled in the benzylic position and observing the subsequent loss of label in the product. The ion doublet technique was also employed in a single human study, and benzylic hydroxywarfarin was detected and identified. PMID- 1131391 TI - The application of quadrupole mass filters in field desorption mass spectrometry. AB - The advantages and limitations which quadrupole mass filters afford to the field desorption technique with respect to use for routine work are discussed and experimentally confirmed by the analyses of some drugs using a field desorption quadrupole mass spectrometer. The possibility of fast identification of drug intoxication is demonstrated by the analysis of the chloroform extract of urine in a case of overdose of hypnotics. PMID- 1131392 TI - The mass spectra of permethylated oligosaccharides. AB - The electron impact mass spectra of permethyl ethers of twenty-five highly purified oligosaccharides, containing first, aldohexose units only and second, at least one fructose unite, have been determined. It is concluded that spectra of these derivatives can yield considerable structural information, especially in relation to the detection of fructose units, the pyranose/furanose ratio and the position of the glycosidic linkage, and are to be preferred from this point of view to the mass spectra of trimethylsilyl ethers. PMID- 1131393 TI - Isolation and mass spectral identification of blood metabolites of cyclophosphamide: evidence for phosphoramide mustard as the biologically active metabolite. AB - Thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to isolate and identify cyclophosphamide metabolites present in blood of mice. Blood was removed 5, 15, 30 and 45 minutes after intraperitoneal administration and extracted with chloroform followed by methanol. Thin-layer chromatography of the two extracts and the residual solid with or without prior methylation, collection of resulting alkylating components, determination of radioactivity and mass spectral analysis, served to identify cyclophosphamide, 4-ketocyclophosphamide, alcophosphamide, N dechloroethylcyclophosphamide, carboxyphosphamide, phosphoramide mustard and nor HN2. The absence of detectable levels of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide or aldophosphamide in the blood of cyclophosphamide-treated mice suggests that cyclophosphamide is converted rapidly in the liver to carboxyphosphamide, 4 ketocyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard and nor-HN2. Direct administration of synthetic 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide to mice and extraction of blood with chloroform demonstrated the recovery of this metabolite in vivo. Analysis of extracts of blood from mice treated with phosphoramide mustard indicated the presence of nor-HN2, 3-(2-chloroethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one and unchanged drug. Consideration of blood levels, cytotoxicity and alkylating activity of metabolites identified, in or inferred from, this study, implicates phosphoramide mustard as a leading condidate for the biologically active form of cyclophosphamide. PMID- 1131394 TI - Species differences in the metabolism of alpha-1-trans-4-dimethylaminotetrahydro 3-furyl-cyclohexanephenylglycolate, an experimental anticholinergic agent. AB - Metabolism studies in the rat, dog and cat have demonstrated a definite species difference in biotransformation and elimination of alpha-1-trans-4 dimethylaminotetrahydro-3-furylcyclohexanephenylglycolate (Lilly 82537), an experimental anticholinergic agent. Separation and identification of urinary and biliary metabolites by gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis has shown three mechanisms to be involved in the metabolism of Lilly 82537 in these species; N-demethylation, aliphatic hydroxylation ahd ester hydrolysis. A major portion of the drug administered was eliminated unaltered in the cat and dog, while only trace quantities of parent drug were observed in the urine and bile of rats. These metabolic differences may be responsible for observed species differences in the pharmacologic activity of Lilly 82537. PMID- 1131395 TI - Letter: Definitions and terms in mass spectrometry. A progress report from ASTM Committee E-14 Subcommittee 10. PMID- 1131396 TI - Letter: Ion monitoring nomenclature. PMID- 1131397 TI - Plasma amino acid analysis by isotope ratio gas chromatography mass spectrometry computer techniques. AB - A routine analysis for micro samples of plasma amino acids by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry computer system has been developed. Isotope ratio determination was used as the quantitating technique via multiple internal standards. The speed of the analysis is increased by omitting the ion exchange purification step and its flexibility is maximized by using repetitive scanning rather than selective ion monitoring. This procedure yields excellent precision and accuracy, as demonstrated by the analysis of a known amino acid mixture and of neonatal plasma. PMID- 1131398 TI - [The effect of donor and recipient adrenalectomy on repopulation of parent lymphoid cells in first generation hybrids]. PMID- 1131399 TI - [The influence of thyroid gland hormones on transport of organic substances in the kidneys]. PMID- 1131400 TI - [Morphologic signs of restorative process in the caudate nucleus following phenamine excitation]. PMID- 1131401 TI - [Stereometric constants of the bronchial tree and pulmonary arteries]. PMID- 1131402 TI - [A method of scanning photometry for conjunctiva, sclera and cornea]. PMID- 1131403 TI - [Changes in total hepatic circulation in the early post-reanimation period]. PMID- 1131404 TI - [Several patterns in the response of tissues to acute ischemia]. PMID- 1131405 TI - [The combined effect of hypoxia, hypercapnia and additional resistance on human respiration]. PMID- 1131406 TI - [The state of water metabolism in man strictly confined to bed for 30 days]. PMID- 1131407 TI - [The effect of disrupting the pyloric sphincter on gastric evacuation]. PMID- 1131408 TI - [The effect of electrical stimulation on the activity of neuronal populations of the subcortical structures of the human brain]. PMID- 1131409 TI - [Adenase activity in animal tissues]. PMID- 1131410 TI - [Nucleic acids in the cerebral cortex and liver following isolated total anoxia of the central nervous system]. PMID- 1131411 TI - [Regulation of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity in the brain in experimental closed cranio-cerebral trauma]. PMID- 1131412 TI - [The effect of psychotropic substances on the mental and physical work capacity of rats]. PMID- 1131413 TI - [The effect of lithium on the concentration of catecholamines in the brains of rabbits and rats]. PMID- 1131414 TI - [The effect of denervation on the work capacity of muscles]. PMID- 1131415 TI - [The anticoagulant properties of different heparin fractions]. PMID- 1131416 TI - [The effect of oxygen starvation on the concentration of soluble proteins in the brains and livers of rats with different body temperatures]. PMID- 1131417 TI - [A change in the sensitivity of the kidneys to antidiuretic hormone under the influence of several analgetic substances]. PMID- 1131418 TI - [Lymphocyte blast transformation in guinea pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. PMID- 1131419 TI - [The relationship between ovarian follicle permeability and the process of its atresia]. PMID- 1131420 TI - Gamma heavy chain disease: rapid, sustained response to cyclophosphamide and prednisone. AB - A patient, CAL, with gamma heavy chain disease is presented who has had a complete remission lasting over 2 yr with combination chemotherapy consisting of pulsatile cyclophosphamide and prednisone. The patient exhibited many features of an atuoimmune process including a vasculitis, low serum complement levels, a positive antiglobulin (Coombs) test, Raynaud's phenomenon, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The CAL paraprotein was found to have several previously undescribed characteristics. It reacted with antisera to Fd, Fab, and Fab', suggesting that most of the Fd portion of the molecule was intace. CAL protein consists of two polypeptide chains of molecular weight 49,000 covalently linked to form a dimer of 95,000 molecular weight. The covalent linkage suggests that the hinge region of this gamma heavy chain is intact. PMID- 1131421 TI - Ethnic variation in red cell glutathione peroxidase activity. AB - Glutathione peroxidase activity was measured in blood and cultured fibroblasts from healthy persons of several different population groups. Individuals of Jewish ancestry and others of Mediterranean origin were found to manifest a decrease of red cell but not of leukocyte or fibroblast enzyme activity. Oriental populations differed in that the scatter in red cell enzyme activity was significantly lower than in Occidental populations. The erythrocyte enzyme of individuals with low activity was found to be less stable to heating than was the enzyme from persons with high activity. As a possible explanation for these data, a provisional genetic model is presented: a low GSH Px allele with a frequency of 0.556 in the Jewish population and of only 0.181 in the United States-Northern European population. Our results suggest that an association between GSH Px deficiency and hemolytic anemia need not represent a cause-and-effect relationship. PMID- 1131422 TI - Active transport of GSSG from reconstituted erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Human erythrocyte ghosts were loaded with 35S-labeled GSSG and with a sucrose marker, and the transport of GSSG to the suspending medium was studied. GSSG transport from ghosts occurred only when ATP was also present in the ghosts, proceeded against a concentration gradient, and was inhibited by fluoride. The rate of transport was dependent upon the intracellular concentration of GSSG. The relationship between GSSG concentration and rate of transport was sigmoidal. Half maximal transport was observed at a GSSG concentration of approximately 9.6mM. The maximal velocity was estimated to be in the range of 0.27 umole GSSG per ml of ghosts per hr. These data suggest that the rate of GSSG transport a physiologic concentrations of GSSG is not sufficiently rapid to account for the turnover of glutathione by red cells. It seems more likely that the GSSG transport system serves an emergency function of erythrocytes. PMID- 1131423 TI - Metal ion contents of gel-filtered platelets from patients with storage pool disease. AB - Platelets from nine patients with storage pool disease (SPD) and from ten control subjects were isolated by gel filtration into a suspension medium permitting the direct determination of platelet Mg-2+, Ca-2+, and K+ levels. The total intracellular levels of ATP and ADP, as well as the incorporation patterns of 14 C-adenine into the metabolic nucleotide pool, were also determined in these platelet suspensions. The gel-filtered platelets (GFP) from SPD patients exhibited slightly lowered levels of ATP and substantially reduced amounts of ADP, in agreement with previous studies using PRP suspensions. Diminished aggregation responses to ADP, epinephrine, and to collagen in particular, similar to those observed previously in PRP, were obtained in GFP from SPD patients. However, GFP from the patients exhibited more variable aggregation responses to addition of ADP and epinephrine than did GFP from the control subjects. Increases in the extent of radioactive hypoxanthine formation, observed previously in normal platelets as a result of isolation into the suspension medium used in these studies, were significantly reduced in the GFP from SPD patients. The levels of platelet Mg-2+ and K+ determined in GFP from the patients were not significantly different from the levels of these ions in GFP from control subjects. However, substantial reductions in platelet Ca-2+ were found in the SPD platelets. A strong correlation was obtained between this reduction in platelet Ca-2+ and the reduction in ADP in these platelets. No such correlation was apparent between the ATP and Ca-2+ deficiencies. These results suggest that a major portion of platelet Ca-2+ may be located in the dense granules and support previous hypotheses that granular ADP and/or Ca-2+ may play a role in the release reaction. The finding of normal levels of platelet Mg-2+ and K+ in SPD platelets, however, suggests that these latter ions are not located in the dense granules. PMID- 1131424 TI - Content and thrombin-induced release of acid hydrolases in gel-filtered platelets from patients with storage pool disease. AB - The levels of four acid hydrolases, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, beta glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase, and the extent of their release (release II) by thrombin was determined in platelets from nine normal subjects, nine patients with storage pool disease, and in normal platelets which had been exposed to aspirin. The levels of all four hydrolases were normal in patients with SPD. However, release of three of these hydrolases (acid phosphatase was an exception) by low concentrations of thrombin (0.015 and 0.04 U/ml) was decreased in the patients as a group, although considerable variation in the extent of release of each enzyme was noted. In contrast, aspirin failed to inhibit release II in normal platelets (except for a slight impairment in the release of beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase), although release I (serotonin, ATP and ADP) was inhibited. All release defects could be overcome by using higher concentrations of thrombin (0.2 U/ml). The normal levels of acid hydrolases in the platelets of patients with SPD (who are deficient in the platelet dense granules) suggest that these enzymes are not normally stored in the dense granules, but rather in alpha-granules. The findings also support the conclusions of previous studies that the release reaction is impaired in SPD. This release defect appears to be different from that seen in normal platelets after exposure to aspirin. PMID- 1131425 TI - Modulation of murine granulocyte proliferation in diffusion chamber cultures. AB - Normal mouse marrow cells were cultured in Millipore diffusion chambers for long periods of time and at a variety of cell concentrations. All cultures showed a pattern of granulocyte proliferation characterized by logarithmic growth followed by prolonged stabilization of cell number starting a 7 days thereafter. The height of this "plateau" varied in relationship to the level of cell input and characteristically was far lower than the maximum cell density that can be maintained in this culture system. Additional studies showed that the plateau represented a steady state of granulocyte turnover and was not due to alterations in the diffusion chambers or the host mice. Regulatory mechanisms intrinsic to the cultured cell population appeared to play a primary role in maintaining this stable plateau. Modulation of granulocyte proliferation was partly due to increasing cell density; particularly with high input concentrations. In addition, differential cell counts suggested that critical changes in the relationship between immature and mature granulocytes partially accounted for this apparent autoregulation of cell growth. The plateau period in diffusion chamber cultures in many ways resembles granulocyte proliferation in normal mouse bone marrow and is a useful model for the study of regulatory functions in granulocytopoiesis. PMID- 1131426 TI - The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the kinetics of monocytes and macrophages during the normal steady state and an acute inflammatory reaction. AB - The effect of azathioprine on the kinetics of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was studied in normal mice and in mice in which an inflammatory reaction was provoked. Two dosage levels were used: a high dose of 200mg/kg which is the maximum tolerated daily dose in mice, and low dose of 3 mg/kg which is about equivalent to a nontoxic, immunosuppressive, anti inflammatory dose in man. The number of peripheral blood monocytes decreases gradually during azathioprine treatment of normal mice, the extent and duration being dependent on the dose and duration of administered over a period of 9 days gives an almost complete reduction, and a low dose (3 mg/kg) given for the same period results in a reduction of about 50%. This effect seems to be reversible, because when treatment is stopped the number of monocytes starts to increase 24 48 hr later. The number of peritoneal macrophages is only affected when a high dose (200 mg/kg) is given over a long period; a low dose has virtually no effect. In mice in which an inflammatory reaction was prevoked in the peritoneal cavity, the normally occurring increase in the numbers of both peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was suppressed, the extent being dependent on the dose of azathioprine administered. Labeling studies with 3H-thymidine indicated that the reduction of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages in the inflammatory exudate is due to a diminished monocyte production. PMID- 1131428 TI - The factors controlling stem cell recirculation. i. Migration of hemopoietic stem cells in adrenalectomized mice. AB - The influence of bilateral adrenalectomy on hemopoietic stem cell (CFU) migration in mice has been studied. Formation of endogenous spleen colonies in lethally irradiated, leg-shielded mice was sharply increased by prior adrenalectomy, and this increase was not dependent on the volume of shielded bone marrow. Adrenalectomy was shown to increase endogenous spleen colony formation in sublethally irradiated mice as well. However, it had no affect on formation of spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice injected with syngeneic bone marrow. The CFU content of murine bone marrow decreased acutely after removal of the adrenals, and this decrease was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the peripheral blood and splenic CFU. Thus, adrenalectomy appeared to have no affect on the splenic plating efficiency or proliferative rate of hemopoietic stem cells, but it did result in increased migration of stem cells from the bone marrow to the blood, and thence to the spleen. It is concluded that the adrenal steroids may be of physiologic importance in the regulation of ehmopoietic stem cell migration. PMID- 1131427 TI - The relative spatial distributions of CFUs and CFUc in the normal mouse femur. AB - Femoral bone marrow was divided longitudinally into two groups of cells of varying size. By assaying CFU and CFU in the two zones of the marrow, their distributions across the diameter of the femur was determined. It is shown that the concentration of CFU increases from the femoral axis (15 CFU/105 bone marrow cells) to the bone surface (44 CFU/105 cells), obeying approximately a square-law relationship. The CFU concentration, on the other hand, increases from the femoral axis (32CFU/105 cells) to a peak value (260 CFU/105 cells) at about 330 um from the axis and thence falls off against to the bone surface (77 CFU/105 cells). Selective kinning cells in DNA synthesis using the tritiated thymidine suicide technique, in vivo, showed that CFU, near the bone surface are proliferating at a faster rate than those more distant from bone, but that CFU have a fast proliferation rate irrespective of their position in the distribution. Thus, bone marrow cell populations are shown to conform to a well defined spatial organization corresponding to the chronologic relationships between marrow cells. PMID- 1131429 TI - In vitro production of erythropoietin by mouse fetal liver. AB - Mouse fetal liver tissue has been cultured and shown to produce and release into the culture medium an erythropoietically active substance for up to 30 days of culture. Since this substance can be completely neutralized by an antiserum to erythropoietin and shows a dose--response relationship in the plethoric mouse assay, it is suggested that the culture medium contains erythropoietin, a hormone important in the regulation of erythropoiesis. Using this procedure, we have obtained the equivalent of about 20.7 unites of erythropoietin from five T-flasks (75 sq cm) over the 30-day culture period. PMID- 1131430 TI - Dicamba residues in streams after forest spraying. PMID- 1131431 TI - Biomagnification of dieldrin residues by food-chain transfer from clams to blue crabs under controlled conditions. PMID- 1131432 TI - DDT residues in forest biota: further data. PMID- 1131433 TI - Thallium: occurrence in the environment and toxicity to fish. PMID- 1131434 TI - Reduction in surfactants by irradiation. PMID- 1131435 TI - Removal of DDT from sweet potato washwater. PMID- 1131436 TI - The uptake and distribution of cadmium-115m in calcium deficient and zinc deficient golden hamsters. PMID- 1131437 TI - Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) formulations from noncombustible pesticide containers. PMID- 1131438 TI - Alteration of cellular utilization of thymidine by TCDD (2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin). PMID- 1131439 TI - Fate of photodieldrin under various environmental conditions. PMID- 1131440 TI - Decreased learning capacity in rats exposed prenatally and postnatally to low doses of mercury. PMID- 1131441 TI - A simple method for acid-extraction of cadmium from tissue. PMID- 1131442 TI - Determination of zinc phosphide in range vegetation by gas chromatography. PMID- 1131443 TI - The sources and levels of mercury in the sewage of a university campus. PMID- 1131446 TI - An inexpensive macroinvertebrate bioassay table for use in continuous-flow toxicity tests. PMID- 1131445 TI - The lead content of the aorta in male residents of Baltimore, Maryland. PMID- 1131444 TI - The effect of methyl mercury on gill metabolism and blood parameters of rainbow trout. PMID- 1131447 TI - A feeding study with the herbicide, Kerb (N-(1, 1 dimethylpropynyl)-3,5 dichlorobenzamide, in the dairy cow. AB - The herbicide, Kerb ((N-(1,1 dimethylpropynyl)-3,5-dichlorobezamide) was fed to a lactating cow at a concentration of 5 ppm in the ration for four days. Excretion of residues of equivalent herbicide in milk, urine and feces were found to be, respectively, 0.19, 44.38 and 4.46% of the total dose. PMID- 1131448 TI - The determination of benzidine in wastewaters. PMID- 1131449 TI - Pick-up and metabolism of DDT, dieldrin and photodieldrin by a fresh water alga (Ankistrodesmus amalloides) and a microcrustacean (Daphnia pulex). PMID- 1131450 TI - In vivo incorporation of 14-C-leucine into brain protein of methylmercury treated rats. PMID- 1131451 TI - The non-teratogenicity of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) containing 0.05 ppm of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, was administered to pregnant rhesus monkeys daily from Day 22 through Day 38 of gestation. At the dose levels administered, 0.05 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg, no evidence of toxicity was seen in the mother and no evidence of teratogenicity was seen in any of the offspring. Observations of the infants for 1 year following birth indicated that there was no toxicity due to the 2,4,5-T. PMID- 1131452 TI - Comparative study of DDT and its derivatives in human blood samples in Norfolk County and Holland Marsh, Ontario. PMID- 1131453 TI - Placental transfer of hexachlorobenzene in the rat. PMID- 1131454 TI - Avoidance of fenitrothion by goldfish (Carassius auratus). AB - Goldfish (Carassius auratus) avoided water containing the pesticide fenitrothion. The response was graded over the tested concentration range of 5 orders of magnitude, with a threshold around 10 mug/1, equivalent to 3.5 times 10-minus 8 M. PMID- 1131455 TI - On the estimation of worker entry intervals into pesticide treated fields with and without the exposure of human subjects. PMID- 1131456 TI - Biological indicators for steam sterilization process monitoring. PMID- 1131457 TI - Principles and applications of the limulus test for pyrogen in parenteral drugs. PMID- 1131459 TI - Pyrogen free water--our most important ingredient. PMID- 1131458 TI - Effect of holding time in parenteral solutions on the outgrowth of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores. PMID- 1131460 TI - Sterile holding tank system. PMID- 1131461 TI - New particle counter for nondestructive monitoring of parenterals. PMID- 1131462 TI - Optimizing the Emhart Autoskan inspection system using the EVOP method. PMID- 1131463 TI - Quality control of absolute bacteria removal filters. PMID- 1131464 TI - Panel discussion: educational training for on-line personnel. PMID- 1131465 TI - A comparative study of infantile autism and specific development receptive language disorder. I. The children. PMID- 1131466 TI - A comparative study of infantile autism and specific developmental receptive language disorder. II. Parental characteristics. PMID- 1131467 TI - A study of the interaction between depressed patients and their spouses. PMID- 1131468 TI - Short-term psychiatric sequelae to therapeutic termination of pregnancy. PMID- 1131469 TI - A study of intellectual impairment and recovery rates in heavy drinkers in Ireland. PMID- 1131470 TI - Independent transmission of IQ and schizophrenia. PMID- 1131471 TI - Family psychiatric morbidity, parental deprivation and socio-economic status in cases of mania. PMID- 1131472 TI - Group greed and group need--an occupational hazard for psychiatric personnel? PMID- 1131473 TI - Letter: Fact and fiction in the care of the mentally handicapped. PMID- 1131474 TI - Letter: Socio-clinical substrates of folie a deux. PMID- 1131475 TI - Letter: Flexibility in the use of fluphenazine decanoate. PMID- 1131476 TI - Diurnal variation in logical reasoning. AB - Subjects performed two tests of logical reasoning at each of six different times of day. In terms of speed, preformance on both tests was found to improve markedly from 08.00 to 14.00 and then to fall off fairly rapidly. Accuracy was found to decrease fairly linearly over the day. The results are interpreted as indicating that the different functions relating performance efficiency to time of day found by previous workers are due to differences in task demands rather than to individual differences. It is suggested that the larger the short-term memory component of a task the earlier in the day performance peaks. PMID- 1131477 TI - Temporal numerosity discrimination: intermodal comparisons revisited. AB - Temporal numerosity discrimination was investigated for visual, auditory and tactile senses. Trains of two to nine signals (flashes, clicks, taps) were presented at rates of from 3 per sec. to 8 per se. The subjects were instructed specifically to report only the number of signals counted. Significant modality differences were obtained. Auditory counts were almost perfectly accurate inder all conditions. Visual judgement of number, which were consistently the least accurate, were underestimated. The error increased appreciably as the rate increased from 3 per sec. to 6 per sec. but decreased with rates of 7 per sec. and 8 per sec. Tactile reports also underestimated the actual number of signals, the underestimation increasing linearly as a function of rate. PMID- 1131478 TI - Extraversion, neuroticism, and verbal reasoning ability as determinants of paired associates learning. AB - Predictions based on theories of verbal learning proposed by Spence and Eysenck were compared by using a non-competitive list of paired-associates formed from seven synonym pairs, and a competitive list formed by pairing each of the seven S words with a R word with which it was not synonymous. Each list was presented in a 2x2x2 design to groups of primary school children differing in extraversion, neuroticism, and verbal reasoning ability. Performance on both lists was related to ability level and extraversion, and these relationships did not interact with the stage of learning. It is concluded in support of Eysenck's theory that differences in extraversion are of importance in determining performance on such tasks. PMID- 1131479 TI - Handedness and controlled movement. AB - Subjects classified according to degree of hand perference were tested with both hands on two tasks of controlled movement. Strongly lateralized subjects (both left- and right-handers) showed greater skill with their better hand than ambilaterals on a visually controlled aiming test (faster speed and equal errors), but there was no marked differences between groups with the other hand. Between-hand differences were also greater in lateralized subjects. On a ballistic rhythmical tapping test, no marked differences in speed were found, but ambilaterals made slightly fewer errors with the better hand. It is argued (i) that for ballistic movements the hands are equipotential, and skill is a direct function of practice, (ii) that the essential dexterity difference between the preferred and non-preferred hands is in the sensory or feedback control of movements rather than in motor function per se, and (iii) ambilaterals, especially those with very mixed preferences, have virtually two non-preferred hands in continuously controlled movement tasks, and may therefore reply on ballistic movements more than do pronounced sinistrals and dextrals. PMID- 1131480 TI - The effects of noise and incentives upon attention in short-term memory. AB - Recent work concerned with task performance under conditions of high arousal has emphasized the changes that appear to occur in the allocation of attention to different components of the task. Hockey (1970 a, b), for example, has shown that loud noise, which may be considered to raise arousal level (Broadbent, 1971; Davies, 1968; Hockey, 1969), biases attention towards high-priority task components and away from low-prioposed that an increase in arousal level brings about a restriction of the range of cues trity ones. This result agrees with a suggestion made by Easterbrook (1959), who proposed that an increase in arousal level brings about a restriction of the range of cues that a subject utilizes in performing a task. Easterbrook arg ued that when arousal level is low, selectivity in the utilization of cues is also low, and irrelevant cues may be accepted uncritically. As arousal level increases, so does selectivity, and attention is diverted away from irrelevant task components. Further increases in arousal diminish still further the range of usable cues, so that eventually some relevant cues are no longer utilized and task performance deteriorates. PMID- 1131482 TI - Effect of length, density, and angel between arms of Gestalt grouping. AB - In three experiments, subjects viewed two lines (arms) of dots in which one dot was shared by both arms, then judged with which arm the shared dot appeared to group. Length of an arm, density of the dots in the arm, and angle between arms were manipulated. Increasing the density of an arm increased grouping with that arm regardless of the angle between arms. Increasing the length of an arm however, increased grouping when arms met at 30 degree but not at 180 degree; intermediate angles produced intermediate effects. Advantage of the present method's simplification of the stimulus display are discussed. PMID- 1131481 TI - Extraversion and variety-seeking in a monotonous task. AB - It is hypothesized on the basis of Eysenck's theory of extraversion that extraverts should build more variety into their performance at a monotonous task than introverts. The performance of a group of extravets (n = 16) and a group of introverts (n = 16) on a simple repetitive task was compared. Comparisons were made on two measures of response variety: firstly, a simple measure of number of alternations among possible responses and, secondly, a measure of variety taken from information theory-the average entropy of the set of responses made. The hypothesis was confirmed on both measures. The results are interpreted as adding further support to Eysenck's work linking differences in extraversion to differences in arousal. PMID- 1131483 TI - Evaluation of acetabular anteversion following total hip arthroplasty: necessity of proper centring. AB - To assess accurately the degree of anteversion of the acetabular component following total hip arthroplasty, the radiologist must obtain a view with the central ray directed over the hip, and not rely solely on frontal views of the pelvis. PMID- 1131484 TI - Optimum photon energies for the measurement of bone mineral and fat fractions. AB - Relative error functions have been calculated for the various single and double photon energy techniques used for the measurement of linear bone mineral and fat mass in vivo. By considering only those errors arising from statistical fluctuations in photon counting useful information for guidance in the most efficient operation of the method is obtained. The results indicate that statistically the single energy method is always significantly better than the double energy method for measurement of both bone and fat fractions in soft tissue at total thicknesses up to 15 g/cm-2. In those circumstances where it may be necessary to use the double-photon energy technique there is an optimum sample thickness of 5 g/cm-2 for minimum error. Values of photon energy which permit measurement with the maximum precision in the minimum count time are deduced for a wide range of practical conditions and are presented along with a table of potentially suitable radioisotopes. PMID- 1131485 TI - Kidney position and the measurement of relative uptake of 131-I Hippuran in renography. AB - The distribution of kidney position in the sitting posture has been determined in a series of patients presenting for renography, using radiographic and ultrasonic techniques. Both the craniocaudal distribution of kidney centre positions and the distribution of the differences in depth below the posterior skin surface of the two kidney centres have been found to have a significant standard deviation. The effect of these distributions on the measurement of relative effective renal plasma flow by 131-I Hippuran probe renography has been calculated for the situation in which no kidney localizing techniques are used. The resulting error distribution has an SD of 21.7 per cent in the case of equally divided function. PMID- 1131486 TI - Kidney depth measurements using a double isotope technique. AB - Differences in kidney depth, particularly between the two kidneys of an individual patient, may lead to distortions of the renogram owing to attenuation and geometrical factors. A method of assessing the magnitude of these variations was developed. A double isotope technique was used, employing 125-I and 131-I Hippuran, the kidney depth being a function of the ratio of the count-rates from the two isotopes. It was necessary to apply a correction for extrarenal activity, based on a third detector and doubly labelled human serum albumin. The average kidney depth observed was 7.3 cm; in only two cases out of 13 did the difference in depth of the two kidneys exceed 1 cm. It is concluded that when 131-I Hippuran is used the consequent distortion of the renogram is acceptable. With 125-I the distortion may be excessive, even though the contribution of extrarenal activity is then reduced. There was frequently an apparent increase in the depth of activity during the renogram attributable to intrarenal translocation of the tracer. PMID- 1131487 TI - A simple after-loading technique for the treatment of cancer of the cervix. AB - A simple manual after-loading system for the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix has been developed. Radiochemical Centre J-type caesium sources are used made up in PVC tubes which can be inserted into PVC uterine tubes or rubber ovoids after these have been packed in position in the patient. Radiation exposure to theatre staff has been reduced by a factor of about four. PMID- 1131488 TI - Protection problems in radionuclide therapy: the patient as a gamma-radiation source. AB - Estimates have been made of the rate of uptake, metabolism and excretion of radioiodine given in treatments of patients with hyperthyroidism or thyroid carcinoma. Average values for the exposures to be expected at a given distance from such patients, and the variability of such exposures, are derived from these data. The mean exposure of a patient in an adjacent bed, at 2.5 m bed spacing, following typical therapeutic doses of 131-I in the treatment of hyperthyroidism or thyroid carcinoma, is estimated to be about 0.02 or 0.08 R respectively. Variations in the metabolic parameters would increase these exposures to about 0.03 and 0.14 R, at the 90 percentile values. Exposures following treatments with 100 mCi of 198-Au, or of 300 mg days of -226Ra would be about 0.2 and 0.6 R. PMID- 1131489 TI - Invasion of the gonadal vein in renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 1131490 TI - Friedrich's disease. PMID- 1131491 TI - Letter: The importance of the brilliance control in grey scale echography. PMID- 1131492 TI - Letter: Excretion of contrast medium. PMID- 1131493 TI - A look at the three-way catheter. PMID- 1131494 TI - The staging of renal parenchymal tumours. AB - The relation between the anatomical features in the development of renal parenchymal tumours and the prognosis are analysed. It is suggested that the clinical and anatomical classification must be revised. PMID- 1131495 TI - Conservative renal surgery for adenocarcinoma. The place of bench surgery. AB - A brief review of reported cases of tumours in solitary kidneys and of bilateral simultaneously occurring tumours is reported. 1 case of bilateral simultaneously occurring tumour ana 3 cases of tumour occurring in solitary kidneys are reported. The treatment of these cases by simple partial nephrectomy under regional hypothermia is described. The palce of ex vivo "Bench Surgery" for this condition is discussed. PMID- 1131496 TI - Ultrasound in the staging of bladder tumours. AB - The ultrasonic features of 162 bladder tumours are described. Comparing clinical staging by the TNM system and the ultrasonic appearances, there is a high degree of accuracy in staging by ultrasound. The use of this painless non-invasive technique is assessed and should be used in staging bladder tumours only in conjunction with other established methods, and not in isolation. PMID- 1131497 TI - A critical review of the management of bladder neoplasia using a modified form of Helmstein's pressure therapy. AB - 30 patients with proven bladder malignant disease have been treated by Helmstein's hydrostatic pressure technique. Massive necrosis of tumour tissue has been shown to occur at cystoscopy, cytologically and on histological examination. Double contrast cystography can indicate reduction in tumour size within 2 weeks of treatment Haematuria is usually stopped with diminution of frequency and dysuria. This treatment is suitable for large bulky T1 tumours and advanced T4 growths where palliation is the only treatment possible but not for TI and T3 growths. Elderly and ill patients can tolerate this therapy easily and there were no serious side-effects in this series. PMID- 1131498 TI - A study of the bladder blood flow during distension in rabbits. AB - This study has shown that there is a linear relationship between bladder blood flow and bladder pressure. At a bladder pressure of 80 mm Hg (blood pressure in rabbits varying from 90/60-100/70 mm Hg) the blood flow in the bladder is minimal. It is suggested that bladder distension at 80 mm Hg in rabbits leads to hypoxia in the bladder wall as a result of the reduced blood flow. Prolonged bladder wall hypoxia occurring as a result of prolonged bladder distension may be responsible for selective necrosis of bladder tumours. PMID- 1131499 TI - Is urography necessary for patients with acute retention of urine before prostatectomy? AB - In 180 urograms performed on 203 patients admitted to hospital with acute or acute-on-chronic retention of urine 38 abnormalities were noted, most of them being related to upper tract obstruction. Of 4 diverticula detected only one needed treatment. Waiting for the urogram imposed an extra delay of more than 3 days between admission and operation and an equal prolongation of the whole hospital stay. There appears to be no justification for routine urography prior to prostatectomy in the patient admitted with urinary retention. PMID- 1131500 TI - Identification of a prostate in female praomys (Mastomys) natalensis using 3-H steroids. AB - The female of the species Praomys (Mastomys) Natalensis has a ventral prostate similar both in position and in histological appearance to the ventral lobe of the male prostate. The hormonal uptake of this female prostate has been investigated using (3-H) testosterone and (3-H) oestradiol. The results showed that the uptake of these steroid hormones by the prostate was identically to our findings in the male prostate. The potential value of a female prostate in prostatic research is discussed. PMID- 1131501 TI - The diagnostic and prognostic significance of delayed hypersensitivity skin testing in patients with urological cancer. AB - The responses to several skin test antigens of patients with bladder or prostatic cancer has been compared with responses of normal controls. All of the controls and all of the patients with prostatic cancer (irrespective of the stage of the tumour or the method of treatment) showed responses to dinitrochlorbenzene. 80% of all patients with bladder cancer responded to DNCB, but a highly significant number of patients with advanced disease showed no response. This test appears especially useful in predicting the prognosis in patients with bladder tumours and its routine use is recommended. Response to candida extract, streptokinase/streptodornase (SKSD) and purified protein derivative (PPD) were also studied. No conclusion could be drawn as to their value as a prognostic index. PMID- 1131502 TI - The importance of environmental conditions, especially temperature, in the operating room and intensive care ward. AB - Although most patients are essentially well enough to be able to resist or to adapt to unfavourable ambient conditions, this may not be so with an ill patient or one who is having or has had a serious operation. The climatic conditions necessary in the operating room to give an optimal environment are discussed. These are second in importance only to control of infectivity. Air-conditioning in operating suites should be obligatory; there is even official acceptance of this. Earlier recommendations that the operating room should be heated to up to 80 degree F (27-9 degree C) are obsolete. The temperature most favoured by surgeons is 18-5-21 degree C; some prefer a range of 21-22 degre C. The critical ambient temperature desirable is 21 degree C. For infants and children this may be increased up to 24 degree C. It is difficult or impossible to achieve climatic conditions in the operating room that are acceptable to all. The needs of the patient are of special importance and are largely neglected; he alone is unable to speak for himself. The disposition of air inlets in the operating room is fully discussed. Climatic conditions in the intensive care unit are of great importance and are discussed. The need for full air-conditioning is absolute although this is often ignored. The delivery of conditioned air within the intensive care unit is also fully presented, especially the need to avoid direct chilling of the patient. The advantages of horizontal laminar air flow are presented. PMID- 1131503 TI - Some observations on peripheral venous pressure using a non-invasive technique: a preliminary report. AB - Observations are presented which suggest that peripheral venous pressure can be measured indirectly by a non-invasive technique at the bedside, using a portable Doppler ultrasound flowmeter. The pressure at which the audio signals are heard over veins on release of the occluding cuff seems to be a measure of peripheral venous pressure. This is supported by showing a correlation between the method and conditions in which raised venous pressure in the lower limb are known to exist. The results of a few direct venous pressure measurements are reported which appear to give added support. It is suggested that this simple non-invasive technique may be of value in detecting certain cases of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. PMID- 1131504 TI - Report of a family with inherited medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and phaeochromocytoma. AB - A family in which several members have medullary carcinoma and phaeochromocytoma is described. Four of the 5 patients in this family who had a phaeochromocytoma have died; in one of these the medullary carcinoma may have contributed to death but in general the thyroid cancers were slow growing. In our experience successful diagnosis and treatment of the phaeochromocytomas have presented the greatest challenge. The welfare of future generations with this syndrome would seem to depend upon regular clinical and biochemical surveillance of the individuals and expeditious diagnosis and treatment of their tumours, particularly the phaeochromocytomas. PMID- 1131505 TI - Neoplastic change in duplications of the alimentary tract. AB - Two cases of adenocarcinoma arising in sequestrated duplications of the bowel in adults are reported. The literature is reviewed and a tendency for duplications to present in early childhood is noted. Although relatively few of these anomalies persist into adult life 8 cases of neoplastic change have now been reported. The histological features of many of the duplications undergoing malignant degeneration suggest the presence of underlying epithelial instability in this condition. It is postulated that duplications of the large bowel have malignant potential. PMID- 1131506 TI - Operative biopsy of the pancreas. AB - A review has been undertaken of the 47 patients who have had open pancreatic biopsy performed at the Royal Free Hospital between 1967 and 1972. It is concluded that not only is the procedure safe when using the technique described but also it is a valuable and accurate diagnostic procedure. PMID- 1131507 TI - Bacteria in flower vase water: incidence and significance in general ward practice. AB - Culture of flower vase water from wards in the David Lewis Northern Hospital, Liverpool, revealed large numbers of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The types of organisms isolated may reflect the particular ecology of this hospital as they differed in some ways from those reported from other centres. The incidence of wound infections during the period of study was low (5-2 per cent) despite the regular overgrowth of bacteria in flower vases, and there did not appear to be any definite correlation between the types of bacteria isolated from flower vase water and those responsible for wound infections. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to flower vases proved a very effective antiseptic and is recommended for general use as a precautionary measure. PMID- 1131508 TI - Analgesic abuse in urological practice. AB - Thirty-three patients seen in a urological department had taken large doses of analgesic for prolonged periods of time. In 9 cases a diagnosis of pyramidal necrosis was established, while 4 other had pyelographic evidence of pyelonephritis, and analgesic abuse was probably an important aetiological factor in their renal condition. Analgesic nephropathy is easily overlooked unless patients are questioned routinely regarding their intake of analgesic. It is important to identify the group of patients without evidence of serious renal disease who are taking excessive quantities of analgesic and to urge them to abandon the practice. PMID- 1131509 TI - Subphrenic abscess in children. AB - Nineteen consecutive cases of subphrenic abscess which were treated in the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, from 1962 to 1972 are analyzed. This complication of intra-abdominal suppuration of surgery still carries a grave prognosis. Four of the patients died (21 per cent); 2 deaths were related to the subphrenic abscess while the remaining 2 were not directly related to the abscess. The mean hospital stay of the survivors was 59 days (range 30-122 days). The changing patterns of aetiology and presentation which have recently been emphasized in general surgical practice are not reflected in this paediatric series. PMID- 1131511 TI - The cholecystokinin test: an assessment. AB - A cholecystokinin (CCK) test was performed on 13 female patients who were thought to be having attacks of gallbladder pain and in whom at least one cholecystogram had been normal. In 10 of these patients the CCK test was performed during the course of a repeat cholecystogram in order to assess the effect of CCK on gallbladder contraction. There was no constant relationship between a positive test and gallbladder contraction as measured radiographically. Cholecystectomy was undertaken in 9 patients and of these, 4 had been CCK positive, 4 had been CCK negative and 1 had reacted equivocally. None of the CCK positive patients had stones at operation, whereas 2 of the CCK negative patients had one or two small stones. In this small series cholecystectomy relieved both the CCK negative and CCK positive patients of pain with equal frequency. It is concluded that a negative CCK test by no means excludes the presence of symptomatic gallstones in patients with X-ray negative gallbladder pain. PMID- 1131510 TI - The cause and treatment of postvagotomy diarrhoea. AB - Six patients with watery postvagotomy diarrhoea and 4 patients with intractable diabetic diarrhoea were treated with cholestyramine. The diarrhoea responded completely to therapy, during which the stool content of water, sodium, postassium and magnesium fell. Two of the patients, while receiving cholestyramine, had a rise in faecal fat, but this was not accompanied by diarrhoea, the stools being well formed. Evidence is presented which suggests that the mechanism of diarrhoea is similar in both disorders and is due to division or neuropathy of the hepatic fibres of the vagus nerve. This results is distension of the gallbladder, contraction of which expels increased quantities of bile salts, which swamp the reabsorptive capacity of the small intestine and induce diarrhoea by direct action on the colon. If this theory is valid, cholecystectomy, by preventing large quantities of concentrated bile salts from suddenly entering the gut, may result in improvement of postvagotomy and diabetic diarrhoea. PMID- 1131512 TI - Intra-abdominal symptoms arising from spinal osteophytes. AB - A case of abdominal pain caused by irritation of a segment of jejunum and another due to irritation of the ureter are reported. In both cases the cause of the irritation was established to be osteophytic growth from the 4th lumbar vertebra. After its excision the symptoms disappeared in both cases. To the best of our knowledge, osteophytes have not been reported before to be the cause of intestinal and ureteric pain, and its is therefore urged that in cases of intractable pain these must be considered as a possible cause. PMID- 1131513 TI - Tuberculous peripheral lymphadenitis in the Igbos of Nigeria. AB - Peripheral lymphadenitis is a leading manifestation of tuberculosis. Among the Igbos, who constitute one of the largest ethnic groups in Nigeria, it presents most commonly in the neck, as in other parts of the world. An inguinal presentation, however, is also common. The nodes are often of considerable size. The maximal incidence occurs in the 10-29-year age group, males outnumbering females slightly. It is only the 40-59-year range that tuberculosis is less common than lymphoma or carcinoma of the peripheral lymph nodes. PMID- 1131514 TI - Gynaecomastia. AB - There are two different types of male breast enlargement-gynaecomastia and mammaplasia. A series of 53 consecutive patients with one of these conditions is presented. In the younger age group treatment has usually been conservative, surgery only being advocated when the diagnosis was in doubt or for cosmetic reasons. In the older age group the diagnostic must be confirmed histologically. The incidence of underlying conditions is much higher in this series than in any previously reported. PMID- 1131515 TI - Cavernous haemangioma of the frontal bone: case report. AB - A rare of haemangioma of the frontal bone is presented together with a review of the literature. Carotid angiography was found to be a useful diagnostic aid to differentiate if from other lesions of the frontal bone. The best treatment is to excise both tables containing the haemangioma together with a rim of healthy bone in one block. PMID- 1131516 TI - Editorial: Risks and use of total hip replacement. PMID- 1131517 TI - Editorial: Prinzmetal's variant angina. PMID- 1131518 TI - Editorial: Operability of lung cancer. PMID- 1131519 TI - Editorial: And now the whole body. PMID- 1131520 TI - Psychosocial effects of disaster: birth rate in Aberfan. AB - An increased birth rate occurred in Aberfan during the five years after the disaster there in 1966. It was not confined to the bereaved parents. PMID- 1131521 TI - Clinical trial of mebendazole, a broad-spectrum anthelminthic. AB - Eighty-five children aged 5-14 years who were infested with worms were treated with mebendazole 100 mg twice daily for three days. The percentage cure rates were ascaris 100%, trichuris 94%, hookworm 82%, and hymenolepis 39%. The drug was well tolerated and with its broad activity should be very useful in treating those with multiple infestations. PMID- 1131522 TI - Electrical requirements for ventricular defibrillation. AB - Most deaths from ischaemic heart disease are sudden, occur outside hospital, and result from ventricular fibrillation. But defibrillators have only limited availability because of their size and weight. A miniature defibrillator has been developed. A singe low-energy shock succeeded in removing ventricular fibrillation in 73 out of 82 episodes, and a further shock was successful in seven more episodes. Primary ventricular fibrillation probably always responds to low-energy electrical shocks, which challenges the conventional view that correction of ventricular fibrillation requires high-energy direct-current shock. Thus even smaller and lighter defibrillators are possible. Furthermore low-energy shocks cause less myocardial damage. PMID- 1131523 TI - Carcinoma of the oesophagus with "swallow syncope". PMID- 1131524 TI - Treatment of fractures of the long bones in brain stem injury. PMID- 1131525 TI - Reversible infertility in male coeliac patients. PMID- 1131526 TI - The illicit drug scene. PMID- 1131528 TI - Necropsy rates in the United Birmingham Hospitals. AB - The necropsy rate in the United Birmingham Hospital has fallen from 74-4% in 1958 to 46-0% in 1972. In the Birmingham region as a whole the rate is 27-3%, approximately equal to the national rate. Most clinicians in the group who replied to a standard questionary considered that the necropsy still has an important part to play in their own practice and in undergraduate training, and they viewed the declining rate as a matter for concern. Some measure of disagreement was found between the ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnoses of patients in the two largest hospitals in the group. This suggests that the necropsy has a role to play in medical audit and that attempts to reverse the declining trend should be encouraged. PMID- 1131527 TI - Urology in a modern health centre. PMID- 1131529 TI - Fibrillation of head of radius as one cause of tennis elbow. AB - Twenty-five patients with resistant tennis elbow were treated by exploration of the radio-humeral joint. Twenty cases showed abnormalities of the cartilage of the head of the radius. Division of the orbicular ligament and excision of the abnormal cartilage gave good results in 19 to 20 cases seen recently. We believe fibrillation of the head of the radius is an important cause of tennis elbow, and the arguments to support this theory are enumerated. PMID- 1131531 TI - Letter: Cold hypersensitivity; weather and eclampsia. PMID- 1131530 TI - Letter: Sticky eye in the newborn. PMID- 1131532 TI - Letter: A health district courier service. PMID- 1131533 TI - Letter: Treatment of eye injuries from bomb explosions. PMID- 1131534 TI - Letter: Colour disturbance as a symptom. PMID- 1131535 TI - Letter: Iron treatment of dialysis patients. PMID- 1131536 TI - Letter: Treatment of paracetamol poisoning. PMID- 1131537 TI - Letter: Working of the abortion act. PMID- 1131538 TI - Letter: Practolol and sclerosing peritomitis. PMID- 1131540 TI - Editorial: Carpeting hospital wards. PMID- 1131539 TI - Editorial: British medical journal. PMID- 1131541 TI - Editorial: Weather and eclampsia. PMID- 1131542 TI - Editorial: Management of recurrent head and neck cancer. PMID- 1131543 TI - Editorial: Open minds for Open Medicine. PMID- 1131544 TI - Editorial: Genetics and mental retardation. PMID- 1131545 TI - Editorial: better medical writing. PMID- 1131546 TI - Fibrinolytic capacity of arm and leg veins after femoral shaft fracture and acute myocardial infarction. AB - The local fibrinolytic activity generated in the leg and arm veins during venous occlusion (fibrinolytic capacity) and the systemic fibrinolytic activity were measured at intervals in 11 patients after fracture of the femoral shaft and in 11 patients after acute myocardial infarction. In both groups the fibrinolytic capacity of the leg veins and the systemic fibrinolytic activity were significantly reduced two days after the onset of tissue injury. The fibrinolytic capacity of the arm veins was not altered. These results provide a possible explanation for the predilection of venous thrombosis for the leg veins after accidental trauma and acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1131547 TI - Doppler ultrasound and fetal activity. AB - The possibility that Doppler ultrasound, as used in routine fetal monitoring by external cardiotocography, might stimulate fetal activity was investigated. A mean increase in fetal activity of over 90% was found, as judged by the fetal movement count. PMID- 1131548 TI - Accumulation of storage iron in patients treated for iron-deficiency anaemia. AB - The repletion of iron stores after treatment was studied in 38 patients with uncomplicated iron-deficiency anaemia. The serum ferritin concentration rose significantly when oral treatment was continued for two months after the attainment of a normal haemoglobin concentration. Patients treated with a total dose infusion of iron dextran had thehighest final serum levels, which were significantly greater than in patients given Ferro-Gradumet. Oral ferrous sulphate was almost as effective as parenteral iron in producing iron stores. PMID- 1131549 TI - Fibrinous peritonitis: a complication of practolol therapy. PMID- 1131550 TI - Practolol and the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 1131551 TI - Variation of intravenous infusion rates. PMID- 1131552 TI - Lymphocyte transformation in halothane-related hepatitis. PMID- 1131553 TI - Improved method for aspiration of the pleural cavity. PMID- 1131554 TI - Analgesic abuse, ureteric obstruction, and retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - We report two cases of unusual ureteric obstruction in patients with an excessive consumption of analgesics. In a retrospective survey of seven cases of non malignant retroperitoneal fibrosis seen in the last 15 years it was found that four had taken excessive amounts of analgesics. A careful drug history should be taken in all patients with restroperitoneal fibrosis and ureteric obstruction. PMID- 1131555 TI - The medical student as behavioural psychotherapist. AB - A group of medical students were randomly selected from a larger group to carry out behaviour therapy under supervision. Ten patients with phobic disorders and two with obsessive-compulsive neurosis were treated, and the results, assessed by ratings of proved reliability, compared favourably with other studies in which psychiatrists or nurses acted as therapists. A questionnaire survey showed that students involved in therapy had a more favourable opinion about this kind of treatment than those receiving only theoretical instruction. The results suggested not only that medical students make good behavioural psychotherapists but also that the subject is a worthwhile training experience which warrants inclusion in the curriculum. PMID- 1131556 TI - Behaviour of the dying patient. AB - One hundred and ten dying patients were studied during the 24 hours before death and 250 patients during the weeks before death: 60% were well orientated in time and space 24 hours before death and 26% at 15 minutes before death. A control group of patients with serious, but not fatal, illness were also studied. There was a contrast in attitude to death between the dying patients and the ill but not dying controls. The dying were resigned to their approaching death, experienced little or no fear, and did not wish to know about their illness, whereas the control patients wanted information about their condition and feared death, though few thought they would actually die. The relief of physical symptoms in the dying is important. There was often a brief improvement in condition, with reduced need for analgesic, shortly before death. PMID- 1131558 TI - Letter: value of E.M.I. scanner. PMID- 1131557 TI - Letter: virtuous husband syndrome. PMID- 1131559 TI - Letter: cataracts with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant. PMID- 1131561 TI - Letter; myocardial infarction in epileptics. PMID- 1131560 TI - Letter: myocardial injury and death in acute infarction. PMID- 1131562 TI - Letter: deoxyuridine suppression test. PMID- 1131563 TI - Letter: doubts and lignocaine. PMID- 1131564 TI - Letter: drugs for addicts. PMID- 1131565 TI - Letter: additional income for the N.H.S. PMID- 1131566 TI - Letter: children's worms. PMID- 1131567 TI - Letter: giardiasis from Russia. PMID- 1131568 TI - Editorial: Drugs for common cancers. PMID- 1131569 TI - Editorial: Sunscreens. PMID- 1131570 TI - Editorial: Eradication of smallpox. PMID- 1131571 TI - Editorial: Radiotherapy: time and fractions. PMID- 1131572 TI - Editorial: Acute cholecystitis in childhood. PMID- 1131573 TI - Maintenance of labour. AB - In 160 women large but variable amounts of intravenous oxytocin were needed to induce labour within a reasonable time interval to 5 cm cervical dilatation. Thereafter 7 mU of oxytocin/min would maintain progress. Since large maintenance doses may cause obstetric problems it is recommended that a maintenance regimen should be used once labour has progressed to this stage. PMID- 1131574 TI - Recovery from Goodpasture's syndrome after immunosuppressive treatment and plasmapheresis. AB - A patient with Goodpasture's syndrome has recovered after treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (cyclophosphamide and prednisolone) and removal of circulating antibodies by plasma exchange. This was performed on seven occasions and seems to have hastened the decline in circulating antibody levels. Undertaken early in the course of the disease plasmapheresis could prove a useful addition to its therapy. PMID- 1131575 TI - Intranasal beclomethasone diproprionate in allergic rhinitis. PMID- 1131576 TI - Generalized pustular psoriasis on withdrawal of clobetasol propionate ointment. PMID- 1131577 TI - Costing cryoprecipitate for haemophilia. PMID- 1131578 TI - Microcephaly following baby battering and shaking. AB - Three cases of microcephaly following the rough handling of babies are described. If detailed social and psychiatric information had not been available, these three children would have become part of the large proportion of individuals in subnormality hospitals who have unsatisfactory and incomplete diagnoses. PMID- 1131579 TI - Letter from . . . Denmark. Too much, not too little? PMID- 1131581 TI - Miss Nightingale has fled. PMID- 1131580 TI - Reorganization of a nutrition unit in Papua New Guinea. AB - Adequate nutrition is a medical priority. It has been estimated that more than half the children in the Chimbu District of Papua New Guinea are malnourished. A practical scheme combat poor nutrition there was based on emphasizing the value of breast-feeding and of locally grown foods. The daily menu given was the same, with three meals each day. The scheme's underlying principles can be adapted for any developing country or for migrant and other minority groups in a developed country. PMID- 1131582 TI - Aspirin and coronary heart disease: findings of a prospective study. AB - Over 1 000 000 men and women answered a confidential questionnaire and were traced for up to six years afterwards. Among other questions each person was asked how often he or she took aspirin-"never", "seldom," or "often." Coronary heart disease death rates were no lower among people who took aspirin often than among those who did not do so. PMID- 1131583 TI - Letter: Circulating immune complexes in schistosomiasis. PMID- 1131584 TI - Letter: Myasthenia associated with penicillamine treatment. PMID- 1131585 TI - Letter: Anaemia in pregnancy. PMID- 1131586 TI - Letter: Convulsin following maprotiline overdose. PMID- 1131587 TI - Letter: Glomerulonephritis Associated with Coxiella burnetii tendocarditis. PMID- 1131588 TI - Letter: Medicine on television. PMID- 1131589 TI - Letter: Misleading drug advertising. PMID- 1131590 TI - Letter: Dangers of silent gall stones. PMID- 1131591 TI - Letter: Tailored treatment for varicose veins. PMID- 1131592 TI - Letter: Debrisoquine, guanethidine, and bethanidine in hypertension. PMID- 1131593 TI - Letter: Ischaemic heart disease and pernicious anaemia. PMID- 1131594 TI - Letter: Working of the abortion act. PMID- 1131595 TI - Letter: Training in contraception. PMID- 1131596 TI - Letter: Consultant negotiations. PMID- 1131597 TI - Manslaughter charges against doctors. PMID- 1131598 TI - Editorial: A criminal approach to abortion. PMID- 1131599 TI - Editorial: Salvage in melanoma. PMID- 1131600 TI - Editorial: Pancreatic biopsy. PMID- 1131601 TI - Editorial: Safer cigarettes. PMID- 1131602 TI - Editorial: Pills over the counter. PMID- 1131603 TI - Editorial: Tiny target. PMID- 1131604 TI - Disappearing diabetes. AB - For five years a nurse was treated for diabetes mellitus. She was found to have tampered with her blood and urine tests and later was believed to have fabricated her condition from the outset. PMID- 1131605 TI - Psittacosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 1131606 TI - Recurrent iritis. PMID- 1131607 TI - Psychological medicine. Management of depression. PMID- 1131608 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of long-term haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. AB - A cost-benefit analysis of long-term maintenance haemodialysis indicates that there is a large gulf between the cost of the service and "economic" benefit. The difference may be considered to represent one estimate of the price society is prepared to pay to maintain life. Using "best estimates" from available data we found the implicit social value of maintaining a patient on haemodialysis to be approximately pounds 4720 per annum in hospital or pounds 2600 at home. The analysis would suggest that society must look carefully at alternative uses for health expenditure before extending indiscriminately to large sections of the population these treatment programmes or other similarly expensive. PMID- 1131610 TI - Ltter from . . . Chicago. Foreign visitors. PMID- 1131609 TI - Individual differences in selecting patients for regular haemodialysis. AB - Eight clinicians in a renal dialysis unit were asked to classify the suitability of 100 cases (some real, some simulated) for regulat haemodialysis. Seven categories were used, ranging from "excellent prospect: accept without reservation" to "unequivocal rejection," based on 18 items of information previously agreed on as sufficient for the purpose. The ways in which they classified the cases different considerably; only six cases were placed in the same category by all eight clinicians, and this was the "unequivocal rejection" category. Analysis of the extent to which they made effective use of the items showed that between three and nine items were used to a sufficient extent to reach significance for the 100 cases. PMID- 1131611 TI - Contrasting standards in old and new hospitals. PMID- 1131612 TI - Letter: Cost to N.H.S. of social outcasts with organic disease. PMID- 1131613 TI - Letter: SI units. PMID- 1131614 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction. PMID- 1131615 TI - Letter: Intracardiac short circuit. PMID- 1131616 TI - Letter: Tepid sponging in pyrexia. PMID- 1131617 TI - Editorial: appliances for the disabled. PMID- 1131618 TI - Editorial: faecal fibre fortunes. PMID- 1131619 TI - Editorial: drug metabolism and increasing age. PMID- 1131620 TI - Editorial: shoulder pain from subluxation in the hemiplegic. PMID- 1131621 TI - Editorial: antibiotics at risk. PMID- 1131622 TI - Reduced secretory antibody response to live attenuated measles and poliovirus vaccines in malnourished children. AB - Serum and nasopharyngeal IgA antibody levels were estimated in 20 malnourished children and 20 matched healthy controls after immunization with a single dose of live attenuated measles or poliovirus vaccine. Seroconversion and serum neutralizing antibody titres were comparable in the two groups. Secretory IgA antibody was detected significantly less often in undernourished children; the time of its first appearance was delayed-and its maximum level was significantly lower. Impaired secretory antibody response in malnourished children may contribute to slow inadequate recovery from viral and enterobacterial infections and predispose to lifethreatening complications. PMID- 1131623 TI - Cardiovascular control in diabetes mellitus. AB - Heart rate variability and the changes in heart rate and blood pressure which occur on standing were measured in 21 diabetics. These simple measures distinguished four groups of patients, with loss of parasympathetic activity being commoner than loss of sympathetic activity. PMID- 1131624 TI - Vagal impairment of gastric secretion in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Gastric acid output in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and pentagastrin was measured in 18 diabetic patients with symptoms of autonomic neuropathy. Two patients had achlorhydria but the rest responded normally to pentagastrin. The acid output evoked by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was low in 10 of the 16 patients who secreted acid in response to pentagastrin. These changes suggest that vagal impairment is common in diabetics with autonomic symptoms, which might explain the infrequency of duodenal ulcer in diabetics. PMID- 1131625 TI - Localized avascular necrosis of lesser curve of stomach complicating highly selective vagotomy. AB - The fourth case of localized avascular necrosis of the lesser curve of the stomach after highly selective vagotomy is reported. The pathogeneses was probably related to the relative poverty of the submucosal blood supply along the lesser curve. This complication may be prevented by peritonealizing the lesser curve before closing the abdominal wall. PMID- 1131626 TI - Protein-losing enteropathy and malabsorption in acute measles enteritis. AB - Gastrointestinal protein loss and xylose and lactose absorption were both abnormal in underweight children with acute measles and diarrhoea. The protein loss was equivalent to a mean absolute albumin loss of 1.68 plus or minus 0.21 g/day, while the mean one-hour blood xylose level was 0.93 plus or minus 0.38 mmol/l (14.0 plus or minus 5.7 mg/100 ml) in the acute stage and 1.71 plus or minus 0.43 mmol/l (25.6 plus or minus 6.5 mg/100 ml) after recovery (P less than 0.01). Lactose intolerance was found in four children out of 17 tested. Thus faecal protein loss and malabsorption may contribute significantly to the development of malnutrition after measles. PMID- 1131627 TI - Interaction of phenytoin and primidone. AB - The ratio of derived phenobarbitone to unmetabolized primidone in the serum was significantly higher in 50 epileptic patients on a combination of primidone and phenytoin than in 12 patients on primidone alone, though the dose and serum levels of primidone were similar in the two groups. Out of 253 patients attending a seizure clinic 47% were taking a combination of these two anticonvulsants. The effect of phenytoin on the metabolism of primidone may have clinical implications in view of the frequency of their combined use. PMID- 1131628 TI - Cardiac tamponade and central venous catheters. AB - An analysis of the reports on 16 patients who developed cardiac tamponade, complicating the use of central venous catheters, showed that 14 died. The two survivors were treated by removal of the catheter and needle aspiration of the pericardial fluid. Some patients complained of warning symptoms such as nausea, pain, and dyspnoea, and the combination of tachycardia, hypotension, and raised venous pressure was common. We suggest that awareness of the hazard, radiographic visualization of the catheter tip, and expeditious treatment would reduce the mortality. PMID- 1131629 TI - Minor epidemic of trichophyton rubrum. PMID- 1131630 TI - Metastatic carcinoma causing haematemesis. PMID- 1131631 TI - Comparison of use of the Dalkon Shield in Dublin and Southampton. AB - The results of fitting Dalkon Shield I.U.D.s in Southampton and Dublin were compared. At 12 months the continuation rates were 77.4% and 93.4% respectively. There were also differences between the two cities in the major complication rates associated with the use of the device. At 12 months these rates for Southampton and Dublin were: pregnancy 5.6% and 1.4%, expulsion 4.0% and 0.9%, and removal for pain and/or bleeding 12.1% and 3.0%, respectively. Possible reasons for the difference in performance may include the older average age of the users in Dublin, and the greater number and more varied experience of the medical staff responsible for fitting in Southampton. We recommend that population factors be taken into account when comparing data relating to fertility regulation. PMID- 1131632 TI - Screening for hypothyroidism in elderly inpatients. AB - Routine biochemical screening for hypothyroidism in 2000 geriatric inpatients proved valuable and practicable and yielded 46 cases (2.3%). A non-specific clinical picture was particularly common, with less than a third of the cases showing "typical" signs and symptoms. Psychiatric manifestations, especially depression, were important and frequent and responded well to thyroxine. There was a preponderance of female cases of hypothyroidism and a strong association with other autoimmune diseases, notably pernicious anaemia and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 1131633 TI - Chlormethiazole in treatment of status epilepticus. AB - Chlormethiazole (Heminevrin) was successful in controlling fits in seven out of nine episodes of intractable status epilepticus. It was administered as a constant intravenous injection at rates of up to 0.7g/h. No serious side effects were encountered, and the drug deserves wider recognition as a useful therapeutic agent in the management of status epilepticus. PMID- 1131634 TI - Sexual life after gynaecological operations-I. PMID- 1131635 TI - Letter: risks of total hip replacement. PMID- 1131637 TI - Letter: abortion (Amendment) Bill. PMID- 1131636 TI - Letter: Prognostic indications in cancer. PMID- 1131638 TI - Letter: cost of going metric. PMID- 1131639 TI - Letter: prostaglandins and asthma. PMID- 1131640 TI - Letter: safer cigarettes. PMID- 1131641 TI - Letter: better medical writing. PMID- 1131642 TI - Letter: injudicious first-aid. PMID- 1131643 TI - Letter: Dextran 70 and thromboembolism. PMID- 1131644 TI - Letter: freedom of information. PMID- 1131645 TI - Letter: Oxygen therapy for pneumatosis coli. PMID- 1131646 TI - Letter: geriatric admissions. PMID- 1131647 TI - Letter: Aetiology of chronic renal failure and renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 1131648 TI - Letter: fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in newborn infants. PMID- 1131649 TI - Letter: operator/anaesthetists. PMID- 1131650 TI - Letter: practolol, indoramin, and asthma. PMID- 1131651 TI - Letter: scabies in a spinal injuries ward. PMID- 1131652 TI - Improvement of oral glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes by pyridoxine. AB - Fourteen pregnant women were shown by the oral glucose tolerance test to have gestational diabetes. In 13 an increased urinary xanthurenic-acid excretion after an oral load of L-tryptophan indicated a relative pyridoxine deficiency. All patients were treated with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 100 mg/day for 14 days by mouth, after which the pyridoxine deficiency disappeared and the oral glucose tolerance improved considerably. Only two patients then had sufficiently impaired glucose tolerance to justify the diagnosis of gestational diabetes; Our results substantiated our hypothesis that increased xanthurenic-acid synthesis during pregnancy may cause gestational diabetes. Treatment with vitamin B6 makes the production of xanthurenic-acid normal by restoring tryptophan metabolism and improves the oral glucose tolerance in patients with gestational diabetes. PMID- 1131654 TI - Cellular immunity in cancer: comparison of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in three common cancers. AB - Cellular immunity was studied in three homogenous groups of patients with cancer to determine whether the pattern of depression of immune competence varied between solid tumours with different patterns of clinical behaviour. Delayed hypersensitivity skin responses were measured in patients with carcinoma of the breast, stomach, and colon and matched controls. Response to 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was used as an indication of primary responses and the Mantoux reaction as an index of recall responses. Responses were diminished in all three cancer groups, but there were significant differences between each type of cancer and even between different control groups. Cellular immunity was lost earliest and to the greatest extent in patients with colonic cancers and tended to be retained until a late stage in breast cancer, with gastric cancer occupying an intermediate position. Thus, while there was some degree of correlation between depressed immunity and prognosis our results gave no evidence that general host immune competence could explain the worse prognosis of gastric than colonic cancer. Paradoxical findings in patients with breast cancer suggested a great complexity in the host tumour interaction. Assessments of immune competence in cancer patients must be related to specific types of neoplasms with appropriate control groups if the results are to be meaningful. PMID- 1131653 TI - Defective innervation of heart in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Heart rate responses to autonomic stimulation and inhibition were studied in 13 diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Parasympathetic function was impaired in all patients and sympathetic function in most. One patient's heart appeared to be totally denervated. The consequences of cardiac denervation include tachycardia, a fixed heart rate, and a possible tendency to cardiac dysrhythmias, which caused spontaneous cardiac arrests in three patients. PMID- 1131655 TI - Editorial: Hormones and elderly testes. PMID- 1131656 TI - Five-year follow-up of Jamaican adults with sickle cell anaemia. PMID- 1131657 TI - Method of using pressurized aerosols. PMID- 1131658 TI - Reorganization: The first year. II. Practice. View from the Districts. PMID- 1131659 TI - Two years on--newcastle revisited. PMID- 1131660 TI - Editorial: Research in general practice. PMID- 1131661 TI - Editorial: Antibiotics in surgery. PMID- 1131663 TI - Letter from ... Canada. The hot stove league. PMID- 1131662 TI - Needle aspiration of breast cysts. AB - A total of 149 breast cysts have been treated with primary aspiration. Findings were abnormal in 36 patients, 30 of whom underwent excision of the breast cyst with cancer being found in four. Careful examination of the breast after aspiration and follow-up are necessary, but, provided these precautions are observed, this type of treatment is simple, safe, and cheap besides often giving the patient relief at the first consultation. PMID- 1131664 TI - Approach to rapid problem solving in clinical medicine. AB - Problem-orientated flow charts have been developed to teach paramedical workers the skills of making diagnoses in outpatient clinics in Tanzania. The charts give high levels of repeatability, accuracy, and rapidity and their use may lead to improved standards of medical care. PMID- 1131665 TI - Letter: G.P. obstetrics in the future. PMID- 1131666 TI - Letter: Solitary pulmonary nodules. PMID- 1131667 TI - Letter: Fluorinated corticosteroids and dermatophytosis. PMID- 1131668 TI - Letter: Withdrawal symptoms in newborn infants of epileptic mothers. PMID- 1131669 TI - Letter: Improving the service. PMID- 1131670 TI - Letter: Safer cigarettes. PMID- 1131671 TI - Letter: Diagnosis in the elderly. PMID- 1131672 TI - Letter: Defence of the french language. PMID- 1131673 TI - Letter: Picking a diuretic. PMID- 1131674 TI - Letter: Secondary syphilis and hepatitis. PMID- 1131675 TI - Letter: The suicide profile. PMID- 1131676 TI - Editorial: Diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 1131677 TI - Editorial: Doctors as managers. PMID- 1131678 TI - Very early termination of pregnancy (menstrual extraction). AB - Very early termination of pregnancy was performed on 424 women in three London teaching hospitals. Altogether 90% of the women were no more than 14 days overdue, and 67% of these had histological evidence of pregnancy. The procedure differed little in technique or its acceptability to the patient from termination done later in the first trimester. The similar incidence of complications suggested that it is not an alternative to conventional contraception. The response of patients, general practitioners, and referral agencies, however, indicated that there is a definite need in the community for a very early termination service. PMID- 1131679 TI - Schistosomiasis of the urinary bladder. A case report. AB - The case is reported of a man with schistosomiasis of the bladder which gave rise to non-gonococcal urethritis. Diagnosis was confirmed by finding the characteristic terminal-spined Schistosoma haematobium ova in the urine deposit. The cystoscopic appearances further confirmed the disease and its stage. The patient responded satisfactorily to treatment although the follow-up period was short. PMID- 1131680 TI - Syphilitic balanitis of Follmann developing after the appearance of the primary chancre. A case report. AB - A case of primary syphilitic chancre of the coronal sulcus with subsequent development of syphilitic balanitis of Follmann is described. The histopathological picture and preponderantly intraepidermal localization of T. pallidum in the lesions is discussed. PMID- 1131681 TI - Syphilitic myositis. AB - A case of myositis associated with secondary syphilis is described. Complete recovery occurred after antisyphilitic treatment. PMID- 1131683 TI - Effect of denervation on the organization of the postsynaptic membrane of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. PMID- 1131682 TI - Changes in regional blood flow and cardiodynamics associated with electrically and chemically induced epilepsy in cat. AB - Changes in cardiodynamics and regional blood flow were examined in chronically prepared paralyzed cats during seizures induced electrically by transcerebral or direct cortical stimulation or by administration of flurothyl ether (Indoklon) or pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol). Transcerebral and chemical stimuli produced the greatest vascular responses. During seizures there was an abrupt elevation of arterial pressure unassociated with consistent changes in heart rate. Vascular resistance was increased in femoral, renal and mesenteric arteries with variable reductions in blood flow. Resistance was decreased and flow passively increased in the common carotid artery reflecting the loss of cerebral autoregulation. Cardiac output was unchanged. With seizures associated with large elevations of arterial pressure, the central venous and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures were markedly increased indicating incipient congestive failure. The pressor response was blocked by alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine. Increased regional vascular resistance was abolished by regional sympathectomy. While either adrenalectomy or treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine alone failed to abolish the pressor response, combined, they did. Such treatment unmasked an atropine-sensitive bradycardia. The pressor response with seizures is a consequence of increased vascular resistance in viscera and muscles due to widespread activation of sympathetic neurons and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines. Co-activation of cardiovagal and cardiosympathetic neurons may underlie some associated arrhythmias. Cardiovascular events may severe, by redistribution of the cardiac output, to assure increased availability of oxygen and nutrients to brain to meet the metabolic demands of convulsions. PMID- 1131684 TI - The laminar organization of certain afferent and efferent fiber systems in the rat somatosensory cortex. PMID- 1131685 TI - Increased spine density in auditory cortex following visual or somatic deafferentation. PMID- 1131686 TI - Response properties of eye movement-related neurons in the monkey superior colliculus. PMID- 1131687 TI - Nerve cord shortening induced by activation of the fast conducting system in the leech. PMID- 1131688 TI - Inhibitory actiion of neonatal estrogenization on the incorporation of [3 H]lysine into proteins of specific hypothalamic nuclei in the adult, male rat. PMID- 1131690 TI - A conditioned eyeblink obtained by using electrical stimulation of the facial nerve as the unconditioned stimulus. AB - Cats acquired a conditioned eyeblink (CR) in a situation where the conditioned stimulus (CS) was a click and the unconditioned stimulus (US) was unilateral electrical stimulation of the zygomatic orbital branch of the facial nerve, which is a motor nerve. In a discrimitive training program, cats received both a click paired with a nerve stimulation and an interspersed unpaired hiss delivered randomly; these cats developed a CR only to the click. No CR developed in cats trained with random presentation of both click and nerve stimulation. Of those cases in which a CR was present, as measured electromyographically, this CR was distinguishable from background noise unilaterally approximately 50% of the time and was bilaterally distinguishable the remained of the time. This CR could be extinguished and easily relearned and was specific for blink musculature. Acquisition rates for the CR were somewhat, but not significantly, slower than rates for cats trained with glabella tap US. Cats with a trigeminal rhizotomy on the side for facial stimulation developed a CR, indicating that inadvertent stimulation of trigeminal afferents cannot account for CR development. Experiments on cats with both Vth and VIIth nerves cut unilaterally indicated that other possible afferents were unlikely to be involved. Thus, the sensory excitation ordninarily produced by the US appears to be unnecessary in this case, and firing of facial motoneurons at a suitable interval after the click CS is a sufficient condition for development of this CR. PMID- 1131689 TI - Visual discrimination of flux-equated figures by cats with brain lesions. AB - Cats with various brain lesions were compared in their abilities to learn or relearn for food reward to a strict performance criterion a simple dark--light discrimination and 3 sets of discriminations between pairs of triangle equated for overall luminous flux. The results revealed a spectrum of deficits in visual learning by cats with different lesions and indicate: (1) cats with bilateral lesions of the superior colliculus-pretectum can learn dark-light and geometric figure discriminations in approximately the same number of training trials as unoperated cats or as cats with bilateral lesions of the lateral-posterolateral and splenial gyri; (2) cats with bilateral lesions of the superior colliculus pretectum can learn to discriminate from a distance between geometric figures equated for overall luminous flux; (3) cats with bilateral lesions of the suprasylvian and ectosylvian gyri in addition to the lateral-posterolateral and splenial gyri require more training to learn both types of visual discriminations than unoperated cats or cats with lesions either of the superior colliculus pretectum or of the lateral-posterolateral and splenial gyri; (4) cats require either an intact superior colliculus-pretectum or intact lateral-posterolateral and splenial gyri in order to discriminate between geometric figures; (5) cats with bilateral lesions of the posterior two-thirds--three-fourths of the neocortex and most of the superior colliculus-pretectum can learn a simple dark light discrimination after prolonged training. PMID- 1131691 TI - The release of [3-H]gamma-aminobutyric acid and neurophysin from the isolated rat posterior pituitary. AB - The efflux of [3-H]GABA from glial cells in the rat posterior pituitary was followed in isolated glands incubated in the presence of 10-minus 5 M aminooxyacetic acid which is known to inhibit GABA metabolism. Electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk evoked an increase in the rate of efflux of [3 H]GABA as did elevation of the extracellular potassium concentration. The release of neurophysin from nerve terminals in the gland was also increased by electrical stimulation. The increase in [3-H]GABA efflux appeared to be independent of frequency at 2, 5, or 25 HZ if the number of pulses delivered was kept constant, although stimulation at 10 HZ was more effective than either 2 or 25 HZ. The efflux of [3-H]GABA evoked by 56 mM K+ was inhibited by 50% when calcium was removed from the washing fluid and 3 mM EGTA added, while the response evoked by electrical stimulation was unaffected by this procedure. The electrically induced efflux of [3-H]GABA was inhibited by 50% when choline chloride was substituted for sodium chloride in the washing medium, although it was unaffected by tetrodotoxin (0.8 times 10-minus 6 g/ml). The release of exogenous GABA from the pituicyte glia is compared with that of neurophysin from the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary, and the results are discussed with reference to possible mechanisms of the glial release process. PMID- 1131692 TI - The pattern of retinotectal connections in albino rats can be modified by fetal surgery. PMID- 1131693 TI - Sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the cat spinal cord: horseradish peroxidase study. PMID- 1131694 TI - Afferent modulation of unit activity in globus pallidus and caudate nucleus: changes induced by vestibular nucleus and pyramidal tract stimulation. PMID- 1131695 TI - Differences in proximal and distal conduction velocities of efferent nerve fibers to the medial gastrocnemius muscle. PMID- 1131696 TI - Effect of skin cooling on spontaneous EMG activity in triceps surae of the decerebrate cat. PMID- 1131697 TI - Vasodepressor responses evoked from rat diencephalon: effect of prestimulation blood pressure. PMID- 1131698 TI - Regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase in hypothalamus of the rat. PMID- 1131699 TI - Estradiol-17beta: a metabolite of testosterone recovered in cell nuclei from limbic areas of adult male rat brains. PMID- 1131700 TI - The auditory cortical projections onto the medial geniculate body in the cat. An experimental anatomical study with silver and autoradiographic methods. AB - The auditory cortical projections to the medial geniculate body (MGB) were studied in the cat. Lesions carefully restricted to each one of the subdivisions of the auditory and peri-auditory cortex were made and degenerating fibres were mapped in the MGB. In other experiments L-[4-5-3-H]leucine was injected into the cortex of AI, AII and SF and its transport to the MGB was studied by autoradiography. The results show that fibres arise in the deep layers of the cortex of AI, pass through the deep subdivision of the dorsal nucleus of the MGB as well as through the magnocellular MGB. and end in the pars lateralis of the ventral nucleus of the MGB, Arising from AII, axons pass through the magnocellular MGB and end in the superficial and deep subdivisions of the dorsal nucleus extending to the most caudal part of the MGB. The ectosylvian posterior auditory cortex projects diffusely to all subdivisions of the MGB as well as to its magnocellular part. Of the peri-auditory areas, only the suprasylvian fringe projects to the parvicellular MGB, and it sends axons to the dorsal nucleus of the MGB. The SF and the ectosylvian anterior periauditory area send fibres to the magnocellular MGB. The insular cortex does not project to the MGB but sends heavy projections to lower nuclei of the auditory pathway. The complementary use of degeneration and autoradiographic methods shows that each method may be used to eliminate the drawbacks of the other. This strategy appears as being most adequate for the study of reciprocal projections such as those found between the MGB and the three auditory areas AI, AII, and the ectosylvian posterior auditory area. PMID- 1131701 TI - Spectral analysis of the EEG recorded during stimulation of the human fovea. AB - Computer spectral analysis was performed on the EEGs of 6 subjects recorded during monocular foveal stimulation. Stimulus wavelength and subjective brightness were varied independently to determine their importance to changes in the ongoing EEG. The contribution of oculomotor control to these effects and the retinal area of their origin were also investigated. The major results were as follows. (1) Stimulation of the fovea reduced the amplitude of the EEG and the coherence between hemispheres at all frequencies, but most dramatically in the alpha band. (2) It increased the variance of EEG amplitudes and widths of spectral peaks in the alpha band and shifted these peaks to lower frequencies. (3) Auto-spectral intensities in the alpha band were enhanced slightly at brightness levels near photopic threshold, but were unaffected by changes in stimulus wavelength. (4) The fovea appeared to be the most effective retinal area in which irradiation attenuated ongoing alpha activity. PMID- 1131702 TI - Responses of muscle spindles in a tortoise. AB - Responses were recorded from muscle spindles in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the freshwater tortoise Chelodina longicollis. Most spindles showed no resting discharge unless the muscle was stretched up to a millimetre beyond the minimum body length. The firing rate then increased by 2-5 imp./sec/mm extension. All spindles were relatively insensitive to the rate of change of muscle length. The dynamic index was small and increased in direct proportion to the rate of stretch. Stimulation of selected filaments of the nerve produced a response from the spindle that was attributed to intrafusal contraction. A comparison of the response of the spindle to muscle stretch with the response during simultaneous stretch and stimulation of a motor filament revealed two distinct types of behaviour. In the first, a dynamic effect, motor stimulation greatly increased the response of the spindle to the velocity component of stretch. Other filaments had a static action: an increase in firing of the spindle with the muscle at constant length, but little change in the response to the velocity component of stretch. Stimulation of up to 7 different filaments produced an effect on a spindle. When the motor effects for a given spindle could be clearly characterised, they were all static or all dynamic. Both static and dynamic effects on the one spindle were seen only rarely. PMID- 1131703 TI - Analysis of various factors involved in EEG synchronization during milk drinking in the cat. AB - Electroencephalographic (EEG) and multineuronal activity (MUA) from several brain structures were recorded in 11 adult cats during milk drinking. Milk drinking elicited parietal and hippocampal EEG synchronization and inhibited multiunit discharge in several brain regions. The proportion of EEG synchronization varied considerably between animals, but remained more or less constant for each cat after several testing days. Neither modification of milk concentration nor fasting influenced the proportions of EEG synchronization during milk drinking. Adaptation of the animals to the experimental environment facilitated the appearance of EEG synchronization during milk drinking. Chlorpromazine (3 mg/kg) significantly increased the proportion of EEG synchronization observed during milk drinking. By contrast, displacement of the head, neck or postural body adjustments during milk drinking blocked EEG synchronization. Amphetamine also had a suppressive effect on the EEG parietal and hippocampal synchronic activity observed during milk drinking. Our results suggest that development of parietal EEG synchronization in response to pleasant stimulation is a complex phenomenon requiring a relaxed condition of the animal, including its adaptation to the experimental environment and relative immobility with the concomitant diminution of afferent inflow from some of the muscles involved in locomotion. PMID- 1131704 TI - The pontine taste area in the rat. AB - The pontine taste area relays gustatory information from the rostral pole of the solitary nucleus to both the thalamus and ventral forebrain. An electrophysiological investigation of this area was carried out in 3 stages. First, multiunit responses from the dorsal pons were mapped using sapid, thermal, and tactile stimuli applied to the anterior tongue. The gustatory zone lies within and just dorsal and ventral to the brachium conjunctivum as it enters the pons from the cerebellum. Second, gustatory stimuli were applied independently to the anterior and posterior tongue to determine whether receptors in both fields are represented in the pons. Responses with characteristics similar to those obtained from the glossopharyngeal nerve were located on the dorsal edge of the pontine gustatory zone. More ventrally the responses from the posterior tongue mimicked anterior tongue responses, but were of lesser amplitude than the largest anterior responses occurring at the ventral edge of the gustatory zone. Third, 71 single units were isolated in the dorsal pons, and tested for sensitivity to gustatory stimulation of the anterior and posterior tongue separately. More than half the units responded to gustatory stimuli--some from the anterior tongue alone, some from the posterior alone, but most responded to stimuli applied to either field. In the latter instance 7 of 10 units tested continued to respond after anesthetizing the chorda tympani with Xylocaine instilled into the middle ear, thus demonstrating a true glossopharyngeal input. This proves that gustatory information from two distinct receptive fields may converge on the same central neuron. PMID- 1131705 TI - The effect of blood-lettings on lymphocyte transformation. PMID- 1131706 TI - The effect of high and low temperatures on the thiocyanate level in blood plasma and urine in rats. PMID- 1131707 TI - On the structure of chromosome ends as revealed by trypsin treatment of Locusta migratoria chromosomes. AB - Anaphase chromosomes exhibit two longitudinal structures which are connected at their ends in a U-shaped closed configuration. The U-shaped ends might be part of the chromosome characterized by a relatively dense condensation of chromosomal material or part of the loop-like structure of the chromosome per se. PMID- 1131708 TI - Heterochromatin and multiple inversions in a Drosophila chromosome. AB - A chromosomal polymorphism is described from a Maui (Hawaii) population of D. disjuncta. The acquisition of an extra heterochromatic segment in a mitotic chromosome is specifically associated with the presence of multiple inversions in the same chromosome. This suggests the possible effect of a chromosomal break point within the area of centromeric heterochromatin in causing an increase in the amount of repetitive DNA. The possibility exists that the extra heterochromatin may play a role in the suppression of gene recombination in a certain region of the chromosome and/or in strengthening pairing of the inversion laden chromosome with its normal homologue. This may reduce the changes of sterility due to nondisjunction during meiosis. PMID- 1131709 TI - Chromosome cytology and polymorphism in the California High Sierra golden trout (Salmo aguabonita). AB - The population variability in chromosome karyotype was examined in six samples of California High Sierra golden trout, Salmo aguabonita. From the analysis of 1,318 cells from anterior kidney tissue of 92 specimens, the modal diploid chromosome number was 2n equals 58 with 104 chromosome arms. Of cells with 2n equals 58 chromosomes, the typical karyotype was one containing 44 chromosomes with median centromeres, 2 chromosomes with submedian centromeres, 2 with subterminal centromeres and 10 with terminal centromeres. In addition, many cells contained a chromosome with a prominent satellite. Variability in chromosome number within the six populations followed a Robertsonian pattern and permitted the identification of two distinct population distributions. One population, made up of two samples, was more variable than the other and supported the hypothesis that this population was of golden trout times rainbow trout hybrid origin. Texamination of metaphase 1 cells from testes showed numerous ring and rod multivalents consistent with the random nature of Robertsonian variability. PMID- 1131710 TI - Sex differences in gene expression for pupa weight in long term selected lines of Tribolium. AB - Full-sib matings in two populations of Tribolium which had been selected for increased pupa weight for more than 85 generations resulted in a significant inbreeding depression in male progeny but showed no effect in the female progeny. An analysis of variance of a population produced by backcrossing the selected populations to the inbred lines originally used to establish the select populations (Design-III) indicated some genes were still segregating which produce dominance effects in males but not in females. The data support the hypothesis that a class of genes exists, associated with the autosomes, that differ in their dominance effects of pupa weight in the two sexes. PMID- 1131711 TI - Effects of selection for postweaning gain on testicular function in mice. AB - Changes in testicular and epididymal function and selected endocrine organ size were examined in a line of mice selected for rapid postweaning gain (M16) and in reciprocal crosses with an unselected pedigree control line (ICR). The larger body weight of the M16 line was accompanied by larger testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal weights (P smaller than .01) although the testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and adrenal weights of M16 mice, expressed per gram body weight, actually decreased (P smaller than .01) relative to the ICR line. Testicular and epididymal sperm reserves were higher in M16 mice but the difference was not significant. However, when adjusted for gland size, testicular and epididymal sperm reserves were lower in the M16 line (P smaller than .01). Absolute and relative weights of testes, epididymides and pituitary were larger (P smaller than .01) in M16 male times ICR female crosses than in ICR male times M16 female crosses. Although testicular and epididymal sperm reserves were higher in M16 male times ICR female males the reciprocal difference was significant only for testicular sperm (P smaller than .05). Heterotic effects were significant for both absolute and relative weights of testes, epididymides (P smaller than.01), pituitary (P smaller than .05) and relative weight of siminal vesicles (P smaller than .05). Although percent heterosis was 8.5 for testicular and epididymal sperm reserves, significant heterotic effects were found only for epididymal sperm (P smaller than .05). PMID- 1131712 TI - First world congress of laryngectomees. PMID- 1131713 TI - Electrostatic methods of imaging in diagnostic radiology. PMID- 1131714 TI - Recent developments in chemotherapy of malignancy. PMID- 1131715 TI - Diagnostic radiology. PMID- 1131716 TI - [Reconstructive laryngectomy]. AB - Following a brief historical review of the sporadic attempts to improve the total laryngectomy, the author presents a technique for reconstructive laryngectomy. This technique should be restricted to one part of the cricoid and, according to certain modifications, to the free part of the epiglottis. Using these modifications, this technique allows the neck to be closed completely, thus avoiding a permanent tracheostomy. Relearning phonation and swallowing is spontaneous. Four cases are presented -- two successful. In the two failures, it was noted that one death was due to a hepatic deficiency and one to failure in relearning to swallow, which was attributable to senility. PMID- 1131717 TI - Identification of the facial nerve in parotid surgery. AB - A short outline of anatomical relations leads to a discussion of the various techniques of facial nerve identification as they present in the literature. Particular attention was given to a relatively unknown technique that has served as a valuable manoeuvre in 14 consecutive cases of superficial parotidectomy. PMID- 1131718 TI - Management and prevention of primary perilymph fistula in otosclerosis surgery. AB - Management of 10 cases of primary perilymph fistula is described. The modified technique of stapedectomy described in this article, seems to prevent primary perilymph fistula; time will tell if it will prevent secondary fistula. The hearing gain obtained with this technique is slightly inferior to the gain obtained with Gelfoam-wire prosthesis, but most significant is the fact that discrimination score is excellent in all cases. The author is convinced that the extra time and dexterity required to perform this procedure are well justified by the safety provided and the results obtained. PMID- 1131719 TI - Laryngeal tuberculosis in an age of chemotherapy. AB - Twenty-one cases of laryngeal tuberculosis were found while surveying 1,383 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, giving an incidence of 1.5 per cent. All had abnormal chest films and tubercle bacilli in their sputum. Symptoms were variable. Patients with pain were relieved within seven days of triple therapy. All but one patient's laryngeal appearance was normal after two months' therapy. PMID- 1131720 TI - Case report: Chylous fistula following right radical neck dissection. AB - Two unusual cases of chylous fistulae following right radical neck dissection are presented. Treatment in the second case consisted of pressure dressing and replacing the regular blended tube feeding diet with one containing medium chain triglycerides to replace ordinary lipids (long chain triglycerides). Caloric intake was supplemented with parenteral protein and fat infusions. This resulted in prompt cessation of the leak. Other methods of controlling fistulae such as re operation and oversewing the area or using muscle flaps, or direct packing of the wound often lead to other complications and frequently require considerable time to control the leak. PMID- 1131721 TI - Chemotherapeutic response of experimental solid tumors. PMID- 1131722 TI - Case report: Cystic lymphangioma of the vallecula. AB - The incidence of vallecular cysts is low. They deserve full awareness of their existence because clinically they may produce upper airway obstruction. The case of a 20 month old infant in whom the large vallecular cyst was incidentally found on a routine examination is presented with a review of the literature. PMID- 1131723 TI - Combined action of irradiation and chemotherapy on transplantable tumors in the rat. PMID- 1131724 TI - Overview of chemotherapy of cancer of the larynx. PMID- 1131725 TI - Elevated plasma CEA during radiotherapy for glottic carcinoma of the larynx. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in plasma were determined serially during radiotherapy in 10 patients with glottic carcinoma of the larynx. There were moderate high levels initially in three patients, all of clinical stage T1. Elevation during irradiation was noted in seven patients at a tumor dose of around 4000 rad. At this does the tumors were no longer visible and it is possible that the raised CEA represents circulating breakdown products from them. As raised levels were not seen in all patients, it is less likely that irradiation of laryngeal tissue by itself raises CEA plasma levels. After treatment, CEA normalized to the initial levels. PMID- 1131726 TI - Current advances in radiological diagnosis of laryngeal cancer - "optimum" method, exposure data, projection. AB - An acceptable roentgenologic evaluation of the laryngeal status can only be made at present with the use of contrast medium. Further, a high potential technique should be used, combined, if possible, with a p.a. projection. Lesions of 1-2 mm size should be detectable with this technique. Xeroradiography is not at present superior to conventional roentgenography and involves an increased radiation hazard. PMID- 1131727 TI - Xerography or conventional radiography for laryngeal examination? PMID- 1131728 TI - Roentgen examination of laryngeal cancer: a critical evaluation. AB - In the management of laryngeal cancer, roentgen examination is imperative in the evaluation of every lesion. The currently most commonly used roentgen techniques are lateral soft tissue roentgenography of the neck, frontal tomography of the larnyx, and contrast laryngography. Clinical application of these techniques depends upon the character and site of the lesion. Lateral soft tissue roentgenography of the neck can reveal tumor mass located mainly in the sagittal plane of the larynx. In addition, it is often relied upon for the detection of destruction of the thyroid cartilage. Frontal tomography is a static study of the larynx and usually demonstrates tumor mass in profile. Contrast laryngography allows a dynamic study of the larynx and is the most reliable roentgen technique for a precise delineation of the anatomical abnormalities and a clear evaluation of the functional alteration of the involved structures of the larynx. When used in combination, particularly lateral soft tissue roentgenography of the neck and contrast laryngography, these techniques yield invaluable information in the diagnosis of the laryngeal cancer. PMID- 1131729 TI - Laryngography, cinelaryngography, and 70mm intensifier fluorography in diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. PMID- 1131730 TI - The value of tantalum powder as a contrast medium in laryngography. AB - Dionosil and powdered tantalum laryngograms are compared in 18 patients with known laryngeal cancer. Dionosil more reliably defined the epiglottis, valleculae, and pyriform fossae. The glottic and subglottic regions were more clearly visualized with the use of tantalum. Both agents were equally effective in the evaluation of the supraglottis. PMID- 1131731 TI - Radiologic-pathologic correlations in laryngeal carcinoma. AB - Radiological examinations are a prerequisite for accurate assessment of laryngeal tumors, especially when contemplating partial (voice conservation) surgery. The clinical assessments and preoperative radiographs from five cases have been compared with the histologic findings in whole organ serial sections of the laryngectomy specimens. These studies demonstrated both the accuracies and the deficiencies of the present clinical and radiologic examination methods. The mucosal extension of tumor is accurately assessed by a combination of direct laryngoscopy and radiography. The latter mainly gives information concerning the vertical extent of tumor, especially contrast laryngography. Xeroradiography may give additional information. Deep invasion of tumor with cartilage destruction and spread outside the larynx is often not assessable preoperatively. Circumferential and symmetrical lesions may be missed radiologically as much of the interpretation is based on asymmetry. New methods must be developed to assess the deep invasion of tumor. The necessity of a close liaison between the laryngologist, radiologist, and clinical pathologist is stressed. PMID- 1131733 TI - The J.C. Richardson lecture: Prospects for Canadian medical neurology. PMID- 1131732 TI - Appearances of the larynx after radiation therapy. AB - Laryngeal tomography and lateral Xerox radiographs from 21 cases of carcinoma of the larynx previously treated by irradiation were analyzed. Although false negatives and false positives did occur, radiology made a useful contribution to the diagnosis or exclusion of recurrence in a number of cases. The most relevant positive findings were: 1. Ulceration, 2. Asymmetrical swelling, 3. Failure of tumor mass to shrink. PMID- 1131734 TI - Relative prognostic significance of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - A retrospective analysis of 274 patients with intracranial aneurysms, diagnosed either angiographically or at autopsy between 1968 and 1973 at the University of Alberta, was carried out. One hundred and forty-six patients had intracranial clipping of the aneurysm. Clinical and radiologic data were abstracted from the chart and the angiographic studies. Probability of survival curves were constructed. Associations between various clinical factors and survival at two months were demonstrated. The most important prognostic factors were the clinical grade at angiography or surgery, followed by the presence of preoperative spasm, hematoma or focal edema, elevated blood pressure on admission, time of interval from hemorrhage to surgery and age. The data lends some support to the policy of operating on patients in good neurological condition, even if their pre-operative angiogram shows spasm. PMID- 1131735 TI - The Chiari malformation in adults. AB - The clinical features of the Chiari Malformation in seven adult patients are presented. It is suggested that the clinical syndromes associated with this malformation, in adults, can be classified as (a) compression of structures at the level of foramen magnum (with or without radiologically demonstrable associated bony anomaly at the cranio-vertebral junction (b) increased intracranial pressure or obstructive hydrocephalus and (c) intramedullary cervical cord syndrome. The usefulness of tomography, and demonstration of the vertebro-basilar circulation in the neuro-radiologic investigation of these patients is emphasized. The surgical procedures performed in the management of these patients are outlined. PMID- 1131736 TI - Meningo-encephalomyelitis due to the saprophagous nematode, Micronema deletrix. AB - A five-year-old boy succumbed 24 days following an unusual farm accident in which considerable manure was deposited in multiple lacerations. Death was due to an extensive meningo-encephalomyelitis caused by a nematode that is ordinarily saprophagous. PMID- 1131737 TI - Giant intracranial dermoid cyst: Case report and review of the literature on intracranial dermoids and epidermoids. AB - A 45-year old man was referred to the Johns Hopkins Hospital with a seven-year history of repeated episodes of light-headedness, increasing irriability and forgetfulness. Examinations revealed a right superior, incongruous quadrantanopsia. EEG showed an abnormality in the left temporal lobe, and a cerebral angiogram outlined an avascular mass in the left cerebral hemisphere. At operation, the patient was found to have a giant dermoid cyst involving the left frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. Over the last 30 years we have encountered only 6 cases of intracranial epidermoids and 3 cases of intracranial dermoids. These cases are cited, and a discussion of the embryology, histology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of these lesions with a review of the literature is undertaken. PMID- 1131738 TI - Compression of the cauda equina due to a necrobiotic granuloma of ligamentum flavum. AB - A 56 year old woman developed symptoms of lumbar nerve root compression caused by a granuloma arising in the ligamentum flavum. The histological features of the lesion are discussed and the clinical and radiological findings of the patient are described. PMID- 1131739 TI - Fetal cerebellar tissue associated with a primitive neuro-epithelial tumor in an ovarian teratoma. AB - This is a single case report of an ovarian teratoma. It is a unique case of a primitive neuroepithelial tumor with many similarities to a medullo-blastoma arising in a ovarian teratoma, and the second report of fetal cerebellum occurring in a teratoma of the ovary. PMID- 1131740 TI - Isolated spinal cord arteritis. AB - This patient presented as a subacute progressive cervical myelopathy and the differential diagnosis included cervical spondylotic myelopathy and intramedullary mass. Microscopically, vascular lesions plus a patchy myelomalacia indicated a vasculitis. However, there was no suggestion of a generalized vasculitis at autopsy and the only supporting laboratory study was a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It would seem that a vasculitis similar to polyarteritis nodosa or other collagen disease may be confined to the spinal cord. PMID- 1131741 TI - Comparison of age composition, growth, and fecundity between two populations each of Fundulus heteroclitus and F. diaphanus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae). PMID- 1131742 TI - Lymphoid cell adherence in Protostrongylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) infections of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. PMID- 1131743 TI - Aspects of the winter metabolism of ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) with special reference to energy reserves. PMID- 1131744 TI - Regulation of crop contraction in the blowfly Phormia regina Meigen. PMID- 1131745 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of the respiratory epithelium of the adult aquatic newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. PMID- 1131746 TI - Fate maps and gastrulation in Amphibia--a critique of current views. PMID- 1131747 TI - Echinocephalus sinensis n.sp. (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from the ray (Aetabatus flagellum) in Hong Kong, Southern China. PMID- 1131748 TI - Accommodative lens movement in holosteans (Amia calva and Lepisosteus osseus oxyrus) and in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). PMID- 1131749 TI - Relative response to colored substrates by ovipositing blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). I. Oviposition by Simulium (Simulium) verecundum Stone and Jamnback. PMID- 1131750 TI - Prevalence and histopathology of Echinocephalus sinensis (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) in natural and experimental hosts. PMID- 1131751 TI - The structure and development of the pigmented retinal clone. PMID- 1131752 TI - Absorption and transport of ferritin and exogenous horseradish peroxidase in the opisthonephric kidney of the sea lamprey. I. The renal corpuscle. PMID- 1131753 TI - Synthesis and turnover of haemolymph proteins during the reproductive cycle of Glossina austeni. PMID- 1131754 TI - Effect of angiotensin II and corpuscle of Stannius extract on total and ionic plasma calcium levels and blood pressure in intact eels (Anguilla rostrata Lesueur). PMID- 1131755 TI - Egg production by Trichobilharzia ocellata (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) after initial and challenge infection in ducks. PMID- 1131756 TI - The gross anatomy and histology of the nervous system of the metacestode of Hymenolepis microstoma. PMID- 1131757 TI - Morgentaler case divides Supreme Court in interpretation of Criminal Code. PMID- 1131758 TI - The family doctor in Canada. Part VIII. The way ahead. PMID- 1131759 TI - Social doctrines need rethinking for the open society that's coming. PMID- 1131760 TI - Editorial: urinary tract infection. PMID- 1131761 TI - Letter: Meralgia paresthetica. PMID- 1131762 TI - Letter: The clinical pharmacist. PMID- 1131763 TI - Letter: extra billing. PMID- 1131765 TI - Letter: Wilful exposure to unwanted pregnancy. PMID- 1131764 TI - Letter: Acupuncture. PMID- 1131766 TI - Plasma progesterone and aldosterone in pregnancy. AB - Plasma progesterone, aldosterone and renin activity were measured simultaneously in seven women during normal pregnancy. Beginning at the 2nd trimester and until approximately 4 weeks before delivery there was a constant increase in plasma progesterone concentration. There was a significant correlation between weight gain and duration of pregnancy and between weight gain and plasma progesterone concentration. There was also an increase in plasma aldosterone concentration although this was less consistent than that of progesterone. And there was a significant correlation between plasma progesterone and aldosterone concentrations and between the progesterone/aldosterone ratio and duration of pregnancy and weight gain. PMID- 1131767 TI - Sensorimotor and physiological effects of various alcoholic beverages. AB - Effects of a standard dose of alcohol (1.3 g/kg) in the form of Canadian rye whisky, Canadian beer and a sparkling table wine were compared with those of a nonalcoholic carbonated control beverage. Sixteen young male and eight female subjects, all moderate drinkers, were tested in a Latin square design. Measurements were made on the pursuit rotor and quantitative Romberg tests, and of skin temperature, heart rate, malar flush and blood alcohol concentration during the prealcohol baseline period and at regular intervals over the 4-hour drinking period. The three alcoholic beverages produced blood alcohol curves that did not differ significantly. All three alcoholic beverages produced increasing sensorimotor impairment over time, which corresponded in degree to the increasing blood alcohol concentration. There were no significant differences between the three beverages on either the sensorimotor or physiological measures at any blood alcohol value. The results of this study indicate that the degree of impairment after alcohol ingestion in a socially relevant manner is not dependent on the type of beverage consumed, but only on the resulting blood alcohol concentration. PMID- 1131768 TI - Emergency department use at two Hamilton hospitals. AB - This report compares emergency department use at two urban Hamilton hospitals. One mainly serves lower socioeconomic and industrial groups and the other predominantly suburban residents. Although the groups served are different, the patterns of use at both hospitals were found to be similar. Over one third of visits at both are classified as nonurgent. The urban industrial hospital has higher proportions of visits that are nonurgent, by men and due to trauma. However, other parameters such as arrival time, use of ambulance, proportion admitted, percentage of emergencies, percentage of repeat visits, use of radiology and laboratory facilities and proportions of visits in different categories of presenting complaint were similar at the two hospitals. Similarities in use patterns may be due to universal health insurance, for 90% of users have medical insurance and have family doctors. PMID- 1131770 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in a teenager. AB - Endometrial carcinoma developed in a teenager with obesity, hypertension, hyperestrinism and lack of diurnal variation of plasma cortisol concentration. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and is receiving estrogen therapy. Her six obese sisters and her mother, who are at risk for endometrial carcinoma, are being managed conservatively. PMID- 1131769 TI - Mitral stenosis with posterior diastolic movement of posterior leaflet. AB - The echocardiographic diagnosis of mitral stenosis depends in part on the demonstration of abnormal posterior leaflet movement to distinguish it from other conditions that similarly affect anterior leaflet motion. In mitral stenosis the posterior leaflet has been shown to move anteriorly in diastole rather than in the normal posterior direction. A patient presented with clinical evidence of moderate mitral stenosis. The anterior leaflet echo was typical but the posterior leaflet showed posterior diastolic movement. At catheterization moderate mitral stenosis was confirmed. To our knowledge this is the first report of the echocardiographic demonstration of posterior diastolic movement of the posterior mitral leaflet in documented mitral stenosis. PMID- 1131771 TI - A national self-evaluation program for Canadian family doctors. PMID- 1131772 TI - What's the obligation of the physician in making a safer world for children? PMID- 1131773 TI - Medical dollars and data: collection, recollection. Part IV. Fee schedules and income disparities. PMID- 1131774 TI - [Workers' health is too precious to be a political balloon]. PMID- 1131775 TI - [Editorial: Computers, confidence, and confidentiality]. PMID- 1131776 TI - [Is a national nutrition policy needed?]. PMID- 1131777 TI - Private versus clinical care: lessons from the Canadian consumer. PMID- 1131779 TI - Current Canadian practice in using septic tank systems. PMID- 1131778 TI - [Isolation of the influenza virus variant A/England/42/72 (H3N2) in Quebec in 1973]. PMID- 1131780 TI - Injuries and injury control. PMID- 1131781 TI - The legal aspects of abortion. PMID- 1131783 TI - Family health: shared and changing roles. PMID- 1131782 TI - A comparison between two commercial tuberculin products, Connaught and Parke Davis, Vancouver Island, 1972. PMID- 1131784 TI - Pneumonia and efficiency of pig production. PMID- 1131785 TI - Thiamin status of foxes with Chastek's paralysis. PMID- 1131787 TI - An outbreak of organophosphate poisoning (Thimet) in cattle. PMID- 1131786 TI - Pulmonary nematodiasis in a narwhale. PMID- 1131788 TI - Letter to the editor: Care of weak newborn lambs. PMID- 1131789 TI - A survey of vertebral abscesses in domestic animals in Ontario. PMID- 1131790 TI - Inherited congenital porphyria in calves. PMID- 1131791 TI - Orthopedic problem: A transverse oblique fracture of the maxillary bone. PMID- 1131792 TI - Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) deficiency in cattle. PMID- 1131793 TI - Jejuno- or ileocecal anastomosis performed in seven horses exhibiting colic. PMID- 1131794 TI - [Epizootiologic and economic aspects to bovine hypodermiasis (Hypoderma sp.) in Megantic County]. PMID- 1131795 TI - Investigation on the occurrence of salmonellae in mute swans (Cygnus olor). PMID- 1131796 TI - Salmonella dublin septicemia in a Scottish terrier recently imported from England. PMID- 1131797 TI - National prostatic cancer program. PMID- 1131798 TI - Potential screening agents for prostatic cancer. PMID- 1131799 TI - Specificity of cell membrane antigens in prostatic cancer. AB - Mice bearing a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (MCAM-7) transplant in the right leg underwent surgical excision of the tumor and showed specific resistance to subsequent challenges with that identical tumor line. An in vivo response to tumor-specific antigens (MCAM-7 antigen) solubilized by hypertonic potassium chloride was measured by 24-hour footpad swelling response in mice immunized to the tumor from which the antigens were extracted. These observations suggested that the transplantable MCAM-7 fibrosarcoma could produce immunity toward the solubilized MCAM-7 tumor antigens and that this tumor immunity could be measured by footpad swelling response to injection of the solubilized antigens, an indication of cell-mediated immunity. The footpad swelling response was also minotored in relation to the extent of tumor growth. Mice received MCAM 7 tumor transplants by injection of 5 times 10-6 tumor cells and were tested for footpad swelling response at intervals following tumor transfer. A significant footpad response to injected MCAM-7 antigens was present 10 days following tumor transfer; at this time signs of tumor growth were only minimally detectable. The footpad swelling response to injected antigens disappeared by 28 days following initial tumor transfer; at this time the tumor diameters were in excess of 1.0 cm. Surgical removal of tumor at this point promptly restored footpad responses within 24 hours. Similar techniques have been applied to patients bearing adenocarcinoma of the prostate, where skin testing was substituted for the measurement of footpad swelling in animals. Seven patients with known prostatic carcinoma were given intradermal injections of soluble tumor antigens extracted from their own tumors. Three of the seven patients exhibited a cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity response to the injected autologous tumor extracts. No positivereactions were observed in response to solubilized components of control tissues, including benign prostatic hyperplasia. The significance of the demonstrated concomitant immunity in these patients has not been resolved. However, these observations suggest that some patients bearing adenocarcinoma of the prostate can exhibit an immunologic response to specific antigens present in their own neoplasms. PMID- 1131800 TI - Detection of prostatic cancer. PMID- 1131801 TI - Disaggregation of prostates and purification of epithelial cells from normal and cancerous prostates using sedimentation in an isokinetic density gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium. AB - A brief summary of our work on the separation of epithelial cells from prostates and prostatic carcinomas is presented. Epithelial cells have been obtained from hamster prostates, human prostates, and human prostatic carcinomas in greater than 95 percent purity. PMID- 1131802 TI - General discussion: detection and diagnosis of prostatic cancer. PMID- 1131803 TI - Potential test systems for drugs against prostatic cancer. AB - A number of chemotherapeutic agents have been tested in two systems which could be useful as models in the search for effective drugs for cancer of the prostate. One system involved the effects of the administered drugs on rat prostatic 5 alpha-reductase and arginase activities. Since both enzymic systems are androgen dependent and essential for prostatic function and anatomy, the effectiveness of a drug in these systems could be indicative of its value in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Michaelis constants were obtained with Lineweaver-Burk plots and the conclusions are based on a comparison of these plots with those of the controls. Thus, the following results were obtained: (a) isophosphamide, bleomycin, and procarbazine produced definite inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase in either or both the ventral and dorsolateral glands of the rat; (b) 5 fluorouracil, vincristine, bleomycin, procarbazine, adriamycin, and hexamethyl melamine inhibited arginase activity significantly in both glands; (c) streptozotocin and 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-45388) produced inhibition of arginase in the ventral gland only; (d) in contrast to the noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibition of most of the drugs, particularly in the ventral gland, procarbazine, hexamethylmelamine, bleomycin, adriamycin, and NSC-45388 produced competitive inhibition of arginase in the dorsolateral gland; and (e) seven of the drugs led to an activation of 5 alpha-reductase (5 fluorouracil, vincristine, NSC-45388, hexamethylmelamine, CCNU, streptozotocin, and diglycolaldehyde). The second model system utilized the deposition of labeled estriol and testosterone in the dog prostate and the effects of drug therapy as a possible index of effectiveness in prostatic cancer. Streptozotocin and procarbazine definitely interfered with the deposition of both estriol and testosterone. On the basis of the data obtained, the model systems investigated by us could potentially serve as reliable indicators for the clinical use of drugs against cancer of the prostate. PMID- 1131804 TI - Initial chemotherapeutic trials in patients with inoperable or recurrent cancer of the prostate. AB - This paper describes a random study being conducted to compare the value of 5 fluorouracil plus diethylstilbestrol vs diethylstilbestrol alone and the value of 5-fluorouracil vs CCNU in the treatment of stage D adenocarcinoma of the prostate. We have established that similar normal values of acid phosphatase are encountered in serum and bone marrow of patients with nonmalignant and malignant diseases without osseous metastasis. PMID- 1131805 TI - General discussion: treatment of prostatic cancer. PMID- 1131806 TI - Characterization of prostatic carcinoma among blacks: a preliminary report. AB - This study was designed to compare United States (Washington, DC) black prostatic carcinoma patients (high-risk group) with Nigerian (Ibadan) black prostatic carcinoma patients (low-risk group). Although the material is meager, preliminary analyses suggest that carcinoma of the prostate is a common disease in both US black men (196 of 1000 autopsies) and in Nigerian black men (67 of 1000 autopsies). The tumor tends to be of a higher histologic grade (less well differentiated) and the carcinomatous foci are more numerous in the Nigerian patients. Fifty-three percent of US patients are in stages I and II when the disease is first discovered. Plasma testosterone, estrone, and estradiol concentrations did not differ significantly between US patients and controls. A statistically significant positive association is indicated between carcinoma of the prostate and the following epidemiologic variables: racial admixture, age of puberty, and age of first coitus. The median age of necropsy cases with carcinoma was 50.0 years in Nigeria and 68.3 years in the US. PMID- 1131807 TI - Human prostatic tumors in conditioned animals and culture. AB - A nude mouse colony has been established with a capacity of over 1000 mice. These mice have been injected with human prostatic tumors. A spleen injection method has been developed which enables us to follow the growth of tumor cells in the animal for short periods of time and to assess the effects of hormones on this growth. We have also studied the behavior of several animal cell lines in culture and in nude mice as possible models for a hormone-dependent human prostatic tumor. By using nude mice, we have been able to show that apparent "normal" revertants of cancer cells are actually antigenic variants which can be used to immunize animals against the original tumor cells. A melanoma cell line has been developed whose growth appears to be markedly enhanced by androgens. Rat ovarian cell lines have been developed whose growth and viability are hormone dependent in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 1131808 TI - Etiology and prevention of prostatic cancer. PMID- 1131809 TI - Etiology and prevention of prostatic cancer. PMID- 1131810 TI - Summary statement: Etiology and prevention of prostatic cancer. PMID- 1131812 TI - Estimating "safe" levels, a hazardous undertaking. AB - Various problems beset the question of identifying chemical carcinogens in the environment or setting permissible levels for potential carcinogens. Issues arising are cost-benefit questions, existence of thresholds, appropriate experimental designs, how to extrapolate to man, results from tests on laboratory animals, etc. Certain approaches implicitly involve use of a double standard, with much more stringent measures taken when clearer evidence of carcinogenicity is found. Such double standards may discourage careful testing of carcinogens as this could more probably lead to imposition of the stricter measure. Even-handed application of devices like that recommended by Mantel and Bryan for setting "safe" levels could avoid this difficulty and would encourage more adequate testing. Why laboratory testing should be at high or moderately high levels is explained and the futility of "mega-mouse" experiments at very low dose levels is indicated. A surface-area rule for extrapolating dose levels from laboratory animal to man is suggested, but this is indicated to lead approximately to direct equivalence when dose levels are expressed as dietary concentrations. PMID- 1131811 TI - Collection of postmortem prostate tissue under sterile conditions. PMID- 1131813 TI - In vitro evaluation of in vivo brain tumor chemotherapy with 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. AB - An in vitro colony formation assay was used to determine the efficacy of in vitro therapy with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) on a rat brain tumor. The fraction of clonogenic cells surviving in vivo therapy was determined by a comparison between the in vitro colony-forming capacity of cells derived from previously treated and untreated tumors. With this intracerebral solid tumor a direct correlation was found between the surviving fraction of cells and animal survival, implying that the in vitro assay system is a reliable test of therapeutic effect. The BCNU dose-response curve was exponential up to a dose of 0.75 times the LD10 dose with little additional cell kill noted at higher drug levels. This plateau does not appear to represent a resistant subpopulation of cells, since retreatment of tumors derived from cells surviving an LD10 dose were as sensitive to BCNU as those with no prior drug exposure. Instead, it may represent, at least in part, failure of the drug to reach and/or enter cells in all parts of solid tumors. On the average BCNU doses of 0.75 times the LD10 dose or greater resulted in slightly more than a 3-log cell kill and doubled the life span for our tumor-bearing animals. The finding that an increase in animal life span requires at least a 1-log tumor cell kill indicates that survival studies with intracranial tumor models may be insensitive to single courses of many chemotherapeutic agents with modest but significant antitumor activity. PMID- 1131815 TI - Effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (NSC 119875) on murine and human hemopoietic precursor cells. AB - The effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (NSC 119875) on murine and human hemopoietic precursor cells were studied in culture. When murine cells from normal and actively regenerating marrows were exposed to cis diamminedichloroplatinum in culture, washed free of the agent, and assayed for the surviving hemopoietic precursor cells, similar sensitivity curves were obtained. This result indicates the absence of cell-cycle dependency of cis diaminedichloroplatinum. When marrow cells were exposed to cis diamminedichloroplatinum in culture at various temperatures, only minimal reduction of cytotoxicity was noted at 4 degrees. This observation, unlike that from the experiment with nitrogen mustard, suggests that the transport of this agent is by passive diffusion. Finally, when the sensitivity of human hemopoietic precursor cells to this agent was assessed using similar conditions and compared to that of murine hemopoietic precursor cells, a significant species difference was observed. PMID- 1131814 TI - Nonspecific inhibition of DNA repair synthesis by tumor promoters in human diploid fibroblasts damaged with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - The effects of selected tumor-promoting agents and their nonpromoting analogs on DNA repair synthesis were examined in human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38) damaged with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. Over a range of doses, three promoters (croton oil, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and anthralin) were found to inhibit DNA repair synthesis while their nonpromoting analogs (phorbol and 1,8 dihydroxyanthraquinone) had little effect. Another tumor promoter, phenol, inhibited DNA repair synthesis only at very high concentrations while an analog, 4-nitrophenol, produced inhibition of DNA repair synthesis at molar concentrations at which phenol had no effect. To investigate the specificity of this phenomenon, the effects of these agents on DNA-replicative synthesis, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and cell morphology were evaluated. At equimolar concentrations, tumor promoters were found to inhibit DNA-replicative synthesis as effectively as repair synthesis. RNA and protein synthesis were similarly inhibited over the same range of concentrations. Extensive morphological changes, interpreted as evidence of toxicity, were seen at concentrations of promoters that inhibited the macromolecular syntheses studied. The nonpromoting analogs, with the exception of nitrophenol, had little effect on these processes and showed only slight morphological damage. Thus tumor-promoting agents appeared to inhibit a number of macromolecular synthetic events, including DNA repair synthesis. It is suggested that the effect of tumor promoters on DNA repair synthesis is part of a general response to cellular injury rather than a selective response involving a single metabolic pathway. Furthermore, it is unlikely that the inhibition of repair synthesis represents the major mode of action of promoting agents in the carcinogenic process. PMID- 1131816 TI - Serum inhibition of in vitro 67Ga binding by L1210 leukemic cells. AB - The influence of human serum on in vitro 67Ga uptake by L1210 leukemic lymphoblasts has been investigated. Both high- and low-molecular-weight serum components inhibit cellular uptake of the isotope. Inhibition by the high molecular-weight serum fraction correlates closely with the extent of binding of the radionuclide. Although transferring participates in high-molecular-weight inhibition, it accounts for 10 percent or less of the inhibitory and binding capacity. Similarly, various low-molecular-weight serum components, including citrate, phosphate, glutamate, and others, contribute to inhibition. This inhibition of 67Ca uptake by serum results from the presence of several, perhaps many, inhibitory components. PMID- 1131817 TI - Identification of phosphorodiamidic acid mustard as a human metabolite of cyclop hosphamide. AB - An active metabolite of cyclophosphamide, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidic acid, has been confirmed as a circulating and excreted metabolite in patients receiving the drug in therapy, by selected ion monitoring on a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. PMID- 1131818 TI - The aqueous solution conformation of tubercidin and tubercidin 5'-phosphate. AB - The backbone of tubercidin and tubercidin 5'-phosphate in aqueous solution has a flexible molecular framework with preference for 2E-gg and 2E-gg-g'g' conformations, respectively. The glycosyl bond is unusually flexible and no definite preference for either anti or syn conformation could be detected. It is proposed that the incorporation of tubercidin 5'-phosphate into nucleic acids will disrupt the polymeric structure because of the high accessibility of syn conformation, and this might be related to the reported inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis. PMID- 1131819 TI - Vitamin A and benzo(a)pyrene carcinogenesis in the respiratory tract of hamsters fed a semisynthetic diet. AB - Male Syrian golden hamsters were fed a semisynthetic diet, given 12 weekly intratracheal instillation of 3 mg benzo(a)pyrene adherent to 3 mg Fe2O3, and then given either 100, 1600, or 2400 mu-g retinyl acetate (RA) per week intragastrically in 2 divided doses. One-half of the animals in each group were housed conventionally; the other half were housed in laminar flow units. Hepatic and serum vitamin A levels were markedly increased in hamsters given 1600 or 2400 mu-g RA per week compared to controls given 100 mu-g, which is adequate for growth and maintenance. In hamsters housed conventionally, increased RA intake was associated with an increased incidence of benign respiratory tract tumors. In all groups of hamster housed in laminar flow units there was a longer period to death with respiratory tract tumor than in conventionally housed hamsters; increased RA intake was associated with a somewhat lower incidence of respiratory tract tumors. Laminar flow housing significantly reduced the incidence of respiratory tract infection in non-tumor-bearing hamsters. Squamous papillomas of the forestomach were significantly reduced in all groups of hamsters given high levels of RA, regardless of housing. PMID- 1131820 TI - Isolation of an immunosuppressive peptide fraction from the serum of cancer patients. AB - An immunosuppressive peptide fraction was isolated by means of gel filtration, membrane partition, and ion-exchange chromatography from the sera of patients hospitalized for cancer. The resulting peptide fraction, which was heterogeneous as judged by high-voltage electrophoresis, was found to suppress both phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of lymphocytes in vitro and the in vivo induction of splenic plaque-forming cells in mice. The specific activity of the peptide fraction, which was isolated from the sera of cancer patients, was significantly increased over that of the unfractionated starting material. Moreover, in control experiments, when the sera of normals or non-cancer-bearing hospitalized individuals were subjected to the same chromatographic techniques, no active peptide fraction could be obtained. PMID- 1131821 TI - Enzyme activities at the surface of intact Ehrlich tumor cells with albumin in the isotonic assay medium. AB - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase are, together with some other enzymes, present on the surface of intact Ehrlich tumor cells. Aldolase, on the contrary, represents cytoplasmic enzymes not present at all on the external surface, provided 2.5 percent of bovine albumin is included in the isotonic assay medium. A flux of aldolase from the cell interior to the cell exterior could be demonstrated in the absence of albumin. Therefore, any enzymatic activity monitored when keeping the Ehrlich tumor cells in the isotonic assay medium containing 2.5 percent albumin was considered to be primarily related to the outside of the plasma membrane. Of the total glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase, 0.7 percent was located on the outer surface of the tumor cell, while the corresponding figure for 3-phospoglycerate kinase was 2.7 percent. Eighty percent of this surface-located 3-phosphoglycerate kinase was released into the assay medium during incubation, while the release of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, at the same time, was minimal. A plasma membrane preparation of Ehrlich cells, mainly consisting of vesicles, showed the presence of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase but the absence of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase. Because of the vesicular nature of the membrane preparation, it was assumed that only one side of the membrane was exposed during assay. The specific binding properties of the two enzymes to the plasma membrane, as well as possible differences in their intramembranous location, are discussed. PMID- 1131822 TI - The enhanced cytotoxicity of combinations of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and methotrexate. AB - Although both 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and methotrexate are presumed to be toxic as a result of their interference with DNA synthesis, results obtained with L1210 cells in vivo suggest that the combination of ara-C and methotrexate is capable of killing cells by a mechanism not related simply to DNA synthesis inhibition. Simultaneous administration of ara-C and methotrexate, or administration of these two agents within a 10-hr interval, independent of order, produces a synergistic cell kill of L1210 cells but a less than additive effect on normal hematopoietic stem cells. The extent of synergy seems dependent upon the dose of ara-C. PMID- 1131823 TI - Localization of polycyclic hydrocarbon carcinogens in the lung following intratracheal instillation in gelatin solution. AB - The deposition and localization of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) suspended in a gelatin-0.9 percent NaCl solution was studied in hamster lungs by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy. BP was deposited primarily in the alveolar region of the lung. Although large numbers of BP-filled macrophages were seen in the upper airways by 24 hr after an instillation, little BP appeared to penetrate into the bronchial epithelium. The intratracheal instillation of polycyclic hydrocarbons in a gelatin-0.9 percent NaCl solution appears to be a useful model when it is desired to deliver the carcinogen dose to the peripheral lung. PMID- 1131825 TI - Carcinogenesis from polyurethans. AB - Seventeen polyurethans, containing various substituent groups, and a polyethylene were implanted i.p. in groups of male black Bethesda rats and were evaluated for carcinogenesis over a 2-year period. Thirteen of the polyurethans and the polyethylene were similarly studied in females. Tumor development in these animals was expressed in terms of the incidence in the at-risk population, and the tumorigenic latent period was approximated for each sample. Twenty months after implantation, the relative tumorigenicity (area under the corrected cumulative tumor mortality versus time curve) in the males ranged from 0 (for the unimplanted controls) to 6.18 (for Y-238); for female rats this range was 0.29 (for unimplanted controls) to 5.72 (for Y-238). Estimated latent periods in the males ranged from 5 months (for Y-304) to 16 months (for Y-303), and 22.5 months for the unimplanted controls; for the females, the range was from 9 months (for Y 290) to 13.5 months (for Y-217), and 14 months for the unimplanted controls. The relative tumorigenicity of each sample was also compared to its in vitro activation energy for thermal decomposition. These data are discussed in terms of solid-state versus chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 1131824 TI - Cyclophosphamide-adriamycin combination chemotherapy of transplantable murine tumors. AB - The two-drug combination of cyclophosphamide plus adriamycin was found to be therapeutically potentiating against four different C3H mammary tumor lines, the B16 melanoma, the Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma, and the P388 leukemia. The potentiation was not schedule dependent. PMID- 1131826 TI - Is there another approach to cancer therapy?--Workshop on suppression of the malignant phenotype. PMID- 1131827 TI - Species differences in the effect of benzo(alpha)pyrene-ferric oxide on the respiratory tract of rats and hamsters. AB - When given intratracheal injections of a suspension of benzo(alpha)pyrene-ferric oxide, rats and hamsters showed striking species differences in the response of their respiratory tracts to the carcinogen. Hamsters produced squamous metaplasia of the trachea and large bronchi; in contrast, squamous cell nodules of bronchioloalveolar origin developed in rats within a few weeks after carcinogen application. The different sites of the early proliferative and metaplastic responses correlated in their location with the sites of later tumor development. There were no obvious differences between the two species in retention of benzo(alpha)pyrene in the lungs or tracheas. A species difference was observed, however, in the localization of the benzo(alpha)pyrene in the tracheal tissues using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy. Carcinogen was found to be present in the epithelium of hamsters but not in the epithelium of rats, suggesting a species difference in penetration of carcinogen from the lumen into the tracheal tissues. PMID- 1131828 TI - Effects of allopurinol on the therapeutic efficacy of methotrexate. AB - The antitumor effects of methotrexate against early leukemia L1210 were partially reversed by the coadministration of allopurinol in vivo, even though allopurinol did not alter the growth-inhibitory effects of methotrexate against L1210 cells in culture. These data suggest that this alteration in antitumor activity results from a decreased catabolism of preformed systemic purines by allopurinol, a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. On the other hand, the therapeutic effect of methotrexate against the P288 leukemia was not significantly altered by allopurinol did not significantly alter the toxicity of methotrexate that, in the mouse, the antileukemic effects of methotrexate are more related to a purineless rather than a thymineless death. PMID- 1131829 TI - Cell-surface antigens induced by Friend and Rauscher virus complexes and their associated lymphatic leukemia viruses in the rat. AB - The WKA/Mk rat tumors induced by Friend virus complex, Rauscher virus complex, and their associated lymphatic leukemia viruses were investigated for their antigenic relationhips with transplantation experiments and cytotoxicity tests. It was found that Friend lymphatic leukemia virus-induced tumors lacked part of the tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA's) on Friend virus complex induced tumors, and the former did not express the type-specific (Friend) TATA for the latter not shared by Rauscher virus complex-induced tumors, which was previously reported by the authors. In contrast, the antigenic differences between TATA's of Rauscher virus complex-induced tumors and those of Rauscher lymphatic leukemia virus-induced tumors were not clearly demonstrated. Furthermore, these studies indicated that Rauscher lymphatic leukemia virus induced tumors had a weak type-specific TATA not shared by the tumors induced by Friend lymphatic leukemia virus. These results of transplantation studies were also serologically supported by cytotoxicity tests. PMID- 1131831 TI - Pharmacological and therapeutic efficacy of daunomycin:DNA complex in mice. AB - The pharmacological and therapeutic effects of the daunomycin (DNM):DNA complex were compared with those of free DNM in mice. A complex formation between dnm and DNA (1:11.7, w/w) resulted in a 79% decrease in DNM complex was dialyzable. The DNM fluorescence was completely recovered from the complex in 0.3 N HCl and 50% ethanol solution, and a short contact with biological tissues studied did not quench DNM fluorescence after extraction. The plasma fluorescence (DNM equivalent) 5 min after the i.v. injection of DNM:DNA complex at a dose of 20 mg/kg was 60-fold higher than that of an equivalent amount of free DNM. The complex was cleared for plasma with an initial half-life of 20 min. In spite of an initally higher blood generally similar except in liver and spleen, where DNM equivalent were significantly higher than those of free DNM. The uptake of DNM:DNA into L1210 cells in vitro was low and, at 1 hr, was about one-twentieth of that from DNM. Treatment of DBA/2 mice bearing i.p. L1210 leukemia transplant (initial cell number, 10-3) with DNM:DNA complex resulted in identical increases in life-span as occurred with free DNM. When routes of cell transplant and treatment were different, no therapeutic advantage of DNM:DNA over DNM was seen. PMID- 1131830 TI - Acute, chronic and terminal toxicity to 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin thenylidene glucoside (VM26) in mice. AB - The development of toxicity to 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-9-(4,6,-O thenylidene-beta-glucopyranoside) an epipodophyllotoxin with oncolytic activity, was characterized in mice treated three times at 3-day intervals with 10 mg of drug i.p. per kg of body weight. Changes in organ function and general metabolism were determined by measuring 18 constituents of blood for up to 10 weeks after drug administration. The results indicate three distinct phases of toxicity to 4' demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-2-thenylidene-beta-glucopyranoside). Acute toxicity developed within the first 10 days and was expressed by a depressed hematocrit and elevated plasma levels of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, amylase, lipase, and uric acid. By 4 weeks, levels ahd returned to normal. The acute phase was followed by a chronic phase, which was characterized by progressive decreases in plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. Finally, about 7 weeks after treatment, a terminal phase indicated by correlated increases in glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen became apparent. Plasma levels of creatine phosphokinase, calcium, inorganic phosphate, total bilirubin, ketones, and alkaline phosphatase did not change. Although the pancreas liver and marrow were all affected during acute toxicity, boserved changes in blood components during the chronic and terminal phases correlate best with continued hepatotoxicity. The present evidence on delayed toxicity to 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-o-2 thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) is most compatible with irreversible hepatotoxocity which leads to metabolic deficiencies and terminates in death of mice. PMID- 1131833 TI - [The importance of cerebral angiography in the diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131832 TI - Damage and repair of DNA in various tissues of the rat induced 4-nitroquinoline 1 oxide. AB - 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide induces pulmonary tumors when given by a s.c. route or skin cancer by repeated local applications. This carcinogen is absorbed by the lung more readily than other tissues. Therefore, we have compared the ability of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide to damage DNA of the liver, lung, and kidney in the intact animal. A differential effect of DNA damage was detected in all three organs, with the lung showing the greatest amount of damage. All three tissues were able to repair the damaged DNA. The preferential damage of rat lung DNA by 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide correlates with the specificity of this carcinogen to induce pulmonary tumors. PMID- 1131834 TI - [Oscillation in irratability and tonus of the vegetqtive nervous system in the course of year (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131835 TI - [The time of the Achilles tendon reflex in healthy subjects and in patients with thyroid gland function disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131836 TI - [Metabolic manifestations of liver insufficiency]. PMID- 1131837 TI - [Notes on metabolic response to some types of stress in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131838 TI - [Analysis of systolic intervals during exercise test in patients with angina pectoris (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131839 TI - [Orthostatic and clinostatic reactions in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Before and after dialysis]. PMID- 1131841 TI - [Various reflections from an older subscriber of Casopis lekaru ceskych]. PMID- 1131843 TI - [Relationship of urinary phenylpyruvate and o-hydroxyphenylacetate on serum phenylalanine level in patients with phenylketonuria treated by diet]. PMID- 1131840 TI - [Effect of diuretics on the renal excretion of magnesium]. PMID- 1131844 TI - [The importance of the age and sex factors for paraprotein proof in a group of 340 persons. The relation to clinical diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131842 TI - [Pregnancy hyperphenylalanemia and its diagnostic importance (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131845 TI - [Quantitative determination of blood factor VIII - like antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131847 TI - [Syndromes of the superior thoracic aperture]. PMID- 1131846 TI - [Health problems and consultation with the physician]. PMID- 1131848 TI - [Changes of cerebral haemodynamics during Valsalva's manoeuvre and their reflection in the electric acitvity of the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131849 TI - [Function of the respiratory airways following inhalation of bronchodilator agents in patients with asthma]. PMID- 1131850 TI - [Effect of massive embolism of the pulmonary artery on haemodynamics and respiration, capnography, ECG, acid-base balance and blood clotting in dogs (authors' transl)]. PMID- 1131851 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxidine in different periods of postnatal development of rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131853 TI - The surface of the pecten oculi in the pigeon. AB - A scanning electron microscopic study of the pecten reveals the rib-like character of the pectinal folds, the nature of their connections with the base and bridge of the pecten as well as the presence of interconnections between the bundles of superficial collagenous fibers. It has been suggested that the pecten may have a mechanical significance, namely protection of the retina from the excessive movements of the vitreous humour. The relationship between the superficial membrane of the folds which is continuous, the intercellular spaces and the process of diffussion has also been discussed. PMID- 1131852 TI - [First observation of coccidiosis in the CSSR (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131854 TI - The projection of ocellar neurons within the brain of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. AB - Cobalt iontophoresis of the median and lateral ocellar nerves of Schistocerca gregaria, combined with silver impregnated sections of the brain, has demonstrated the projection area of the large and medium-sized ocellar afferent neurons. These neurons terminate within the brain and their cell bodies lie within the protocerebrum. Ocellar neurons project to two discrete areas on each side of the brain, each area receiving input from a different set of fibres. Both postero-dorsal complexes receive an imput from two large ipsilateral and two large median fibres. Their dendritic fields maintain an ordered spatial array relative to one another. The two antero-lateral complexes receive an imput from one large ipsilateral fibre and medium-sized ipsilateral and medium small-field afferent fibres. Each lateral ocellus has two large fibres in common with the median ocellus. These lateromedial fibres receive photoreceptor input from both ocelli but form no major arborisations within the brain. The lateral ocellar tracts appear to form a third ocellar association area since higher-order neurons branch amongst the lateral and latero-medial fibres within the tract. The axons of the higher-order neurons descend to the ventral cord via the circumoesophageal commissures. PMID- 1131855 TI - Correlated changes in the structure of the anterior pituitary gland, testes and interrenal tissue during sexual maturation of male lizards. AB - The anterior pituitary gland, testes and interrenal glands of a series of young males of the teiid Cnemidophorus l. lemniscatus (L.) have been studied by light microscopy in order to correlate the changes occurring during sexual maturation. In the testes of the smallest animals, spermatogenesis does not progress beyond primary spermatocytes and there is no differentiated interstitial tissue. In medium-sized animals, spermatids and some interstital cells appear, and in the largest lizards, spermatogenesis is completely established and Leydig cells abound. Simultaneously with the development of the testes, interrenal glands undergo great hypertrophy and hyperplasia, especially in the peripheral reactive zone. Starting in animals of intermediate size, the anterior hypophysis exhibits a considerable hypertrophy of two rostral cell types: the chromophobic corticotrophs and the acidophilic PAS-positive cells considered to be interstitiotrophs, These cells show large, vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli, signs of enhanced cellular activity. The hypertrophy begins in the dorso-rostral region of the gland close to the median eminence, at the site of entry of the portal vessels. This suggests a hypothalamic influence on the function of these pars distalis cells. The scattered basophilic gonadotrophs or folliculotrophs are scarce, small, and do not vary appreciably among the animals studied. The hyperactivity of corticotrophs may account for enlargement of the interrenal glands. Testicular development is apparently related to an increased activity of interstitiotrophs but to a stable level of activity in folliculotrophs. PMID- 1131856 TI - Absorption and transport of ferritin and exogenous horseradish peroxidase in the opisthonephric kidney of the sey lamprey II. The tubular nephron. AB - The tubular nephrons in the opisthonephric kidney of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., were demonstrated to absorb and transport exogenous protein. The proximal convoluted segment is the major site of protein absorption from the tubular lumen and the process involved is similar to that described for the proximal convoluted segment in the kidneys of other vertebrates. The lateral intercellular spaces are a possible channel for the transport of intact proteins in this segment. The cilated neck segment, the intermediate segment, and the collecting segment demonstrate only limited involvement with protein tracers and likely are not involved in the absorption of protein from the glomerular filtrate. A substantial involvement of the distal segment with the absorption and transport of protein is suggested. Diffusion of tracers from the peritubular capillaries and sinusoids through the basement membrane into the lateral intercellular spaces and smooth vesicles of cells in both the proximal and distal segments indicates that retrograde transport likely occurrs. This also demonstrates that the cytoplasm of these cells contains a complex endomembranous system continuous with the plasma membrane. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to possible functions of the kidney in osmoregulation of the sea lamprey in both freshwater and saltwater environments. PMID- 1131858 TI - Effects of induced pinocytotic activity and extreme temperatures on the morphology of Golgi bodies in Amoeba proteus. AB - The morphology of the Golgi apparatus of Amoeba proteus can be influenced by substances inducing pinocytotic activity as well as by extreme temperatures. During the ingestion of a solution of 0.5% egg white the number of Golgi bodies decreases from 100% measured in control cells to 82% measured in cells showing induced pinocytosis. Simultaneously the ratio of the surface area of the cisternae at the proximal face to that of the vesicles at the distal face of single dictyosomes remains constant (1.74-1.72). The decrease and increase of the temperature of the culture medium to 4 degrees C and 30 degrees C respectively, causes the disappearance of most of the dictyosomes. After keeping the cells for 3-10 h at these temperatures the number of Golgi bodies was only 5-10% of the controls. A continued treatment with cold or warm culture medium leads to a partial reorganization of dictyosomes. After 15 h the number of Golgi bodies counted per cell returned to 57% at 4 degrees C and 38% at 30 degrees C. The ratio of the surface area of the Golgi cisternae to the surface area of the Golgi vesicles also alters under the influence of extreme temperatures. The values measured after treating the cells for 3h, 4 h 10 h and 15 h at 4 degrees C and 30 degrees C amounted to 0.75, 0.85, 1.14 1.53 and 0.93, 0.38, 0.88, 1.60, respectively, compared to 1.72 of control amoebae. The different values of the ratio of the surface area of cisternae to that of vesicles indicate that there are strong morphological changes of single dictyosomes. PMID- 1131857 TI - Diffusion of horseradish peroxidase perfused through the lateral ventricle of the chick telencephalon. AB - Horseradish peroxidase, perfused into the lateral ventricle of chick brain, freely and slowly diffuses through the cerebral extracellular spaces. The layer of astrocytic end-feet surrounding blood capillaries does not consitute a barrier to the tracer which permeates the basal lamina, diffuses between the pericytic cells and finally accumulates in the intercellular space beneath the tight junctions between contiguous endothelial cells. No evidence was found for transport by micropinocytotic vesicles from the cerebral parenchyma to the capillary lumen. PMID- 1131859 TI - Brain tissue transplanted to the anterior chanber of the eye: 2. Fluorescence histochemistry of immature catecholamine- and 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons innervating the rat vas deferens. AB - Small pieces of the wall of the rat vas deferens were homologously transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye together with small pieces of embryonic brain stem containing either developing noradrenaline (NA) cells of the locus coeruleus or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons of the developing raphe system. The eyes of the recipients were sympathetically denervated. The double transplants became rapidly vascularized from the host iris. After 3 1/2 months the irides, together with their two transplants were analyzed by Falck-Hillarp fluorescent microscopy. Both the NA and the 5-HT neurons had survived and matured in the eye. Fluorescent varicose nerve terminals of the NA and 5-HT type respectively were found in all three potential receptor areas, i.e. within the CNS transplants, in the host irides and in the vas deferens transplants. In the latter, the newly formed monoamine nerve terminals arborized mainly within a well developed smooth muscle layer. The density of such new fibres was higher than or similar to that of the normally present sympathetic plexus in areas of the transplant close to the CNS transplant and lower in areas at a distance from the CNS transplant. It is concluded that immature central NA and 5-HT fibres are able to grow simultaneously into different types of sympathetically denervated smooth muscle tissues to form networks of fibres in the receptor organs resembling the normal sympathetic innervation. PMID- 1131860 TI - The aminergic innervation of the pituitary gland in the roach Leuciscus rutilus. AB - Fluorescent (aminergic) fibers were demonstrated by the Falck-Hillarp technique in all parts of the neurohypophysis (NH) in the roach (Leuciscus rutilus). The fibers are very thin and few in number in the rostral (RNH) and proximal neurohypophysis (PNH) but slightly more numerous in the NH adjacent to the pars intermedia (PI). The fibers occur in normal fish as well as in specimens pre treated with gamma-methyl-noradrenaline. It is proposed that all parts of the adenohypophysis have a very sparse aminergic innervation. There is no correlation between the number of type "B' fibers and fluorescent fibers in the roach NH. The technical difficulties in obtaining good and reliable results in teleost material are discussed. PMID- 1131861 TI - An investigation of the foetal rat spinal cord. I. Ultrastructural observations on the onset of synaptogenesis. AB - Ultrastructural studies on the foetal rat spinal cord show that during synaptogeneis there is difficulty in recognizing true synaptic precursors. Symmetric densities are found at unusual sites forming, for example, somato dendritic and somato-somatic junctions. They are also found between neurons and possible glial processes. Symmetric densities occur between nerve cells but may be confused with desmosomes. Profiles exhibiting membrane density, cleft material and 50 nm vesicles, which are the most reliable indicators of presumptive synapses, are found between neurones, but also at junctions between neurons and what may be glial processes. The picture is further confused by the presence of degeneration axodendritic synapses at early foetal stages. Caution must be exercised in defining an apparent synapse or precursor in foetal cord as that of a presumptive functional synapse because of the observed degenerating profiles and because of our knowledge, somato-somatic, somato-dendritic, and neurono-glial synapses have not been observed in adult cord. It is not known whether these structures are an unwanted consequence of development or play a role in guiding development. PMID- 1131862 TI - An investigation of the foetal rat spinal cord. II. An ultrastructural study on the development of synapses with the aid of observations on some electrophysiological properties. AB - Electrophysiological and ultrastructural studies were carried out on foetal rat spinal cord. The electrophysiological observations allowed certain identification of the site of second order sensory neurones, regions of the most functionally mature ventral horn cells and the adequacy of reflex conduction at 18 days. In the ultrastructural studies we made use of these identifications. No definitive synapses were found at 13-14.5 days in dorsal and ventral horn neuropil though some possible precursors were seen. Immature axodendritic synapses are found first in both dorsal and ventral marginal zones at 14.5 days and in both dorsal and ventral neuropil regions at 15-16 days. At 17 days there is an abrupt increase in frequency and maturity of synaptic profiles in all regions; synapses containing pleomorphic populations of vesicles are first seen in the ventral horn neuropil at this age as rare axo-somatic synapses. At 18 days the synapses population increases and multiple contacts involving axons or dendrites commonly occur. Furthermore, axo-somatic synapses are seen for the first time in the dorsal horn. From 20 days onwards mature synapses were commonplace and all earlier stages can be found. In addition axo-dendritic synapses with pleomorphic populations of vesicles were first seen in the dorsal horn. Axo-somatic synapses in the dorsal horn remained immature in appearance at this time. These findings are discussed particularly in relationship to previous studies by others on the development of motility in the rat. It appears that in the rat lumbar cord, onset of formation of different synapse types in specific locations precedes the onset of possible related functions by 1-2 days. PMID- 1131864 TI - A human lymphoid cell line secreting immunoglobulin G and retaining immunoglobulin M in the plasma membrane. AB - A selected clone, LA 85.2, of a human lymphoid cell line produces, mu gamma, and light chains. The cells secrete IgG but not IgM. Assembly of mu chains and light chains produces 8S IgM which is retained in the plasma membrane. IgM is produced at a slow rate and in lesser amounts than IgG. LA 85.2 cells produce a plasma membrane protein which can bind to antibody-antigen precipitates. It is suggested that this protein plays a role in holding the surface IgM in the plasma membrane. PMID- 1131863 TI - Ultrastructural study of the prothoracic glands of Galleria mellonella L. in the penultimate last larval, and pupal stages. AB - The prothoracic gland (PGL) of Galleria mellonella is a Y-shaped, paired organ, consisting of 45-50 polyploid giant cells. The PGL cells are supplied by neurosecretory axons; release of neurosecretory granules (1000-1300 A in diameter) directly on the surface of PGL cells was frequently observed. Based on ultrastructure, the last two larval instars can be divided into three phases: 1) restitutive phase immediately after moulting; 2) gradual activation in mid intermoult as indicated by the logarithmic cell growth, decrease of nucleo cytoplasmic ratio, increase in the number of cell organelles participating in protein synthesis, and the structural changes of these organelles; 3) "release' period preceding moulting, characterized mainly by the extreme dilatation of peripheral invaginations. From the prepupal stage onward cellular activity is asynchronous. Part of the cells already show the signs of involution, while others histolyse only after the activation phase subsequent to moulting. PGL in G. mellonella is one of the larval tissues. In the course of activation its ultrastructure changes as a function of juvenile hormone (JH) cocentration, in the absence of which it histolyses. Accordingly, it has seemed to us to be a suitable model for the cytological study of JH activity. PMID- 1131865 TI - [Diagnostic problems of stenotizing oesophagitis of obscure origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131866 TI - [Some results of objectivization of spa treatment of obese diabetic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131867 TI - [Internal spontaneous biliary fistulas. Notes on the diagnosis and treatment of 111 cases]. PMID- 1131868 TI - [Composition of lymph from the thoracic duct in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131869 TI - [Effect of tolbutamide and butylbiguanide on the blood sugar level and level of immunoreductive serum insulin after a glucose infusion in healthy subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131870 TI - [Changes in the lipid content and transport in the upper part of the digestive tract of rats after administration of cytostatics (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131871 TI - [Fibroscopy of the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131873 TI - [Biliary fistulae (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131872 TI - [Biliary peritonitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131874 TI - [Perforative biliary peritonitis during developing biliodigestive fistulae (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131875 TI - [Urinary nitrogen/creatinine index and protein intake of the population]. PMID- 1131876 TI - [Changes in the copper, zinc and manganese concentration of hepatic tissue in patients with chronic affections of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131877 TI - [Synchronization and time sequence of the motility of the stomach, duodenum, biliary pathways and pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131879 TI - [Duodenobiliary relfux in an 80-year-old man with cholelithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131878 TI - [Less frequent causes of pain in the appendical region and their importance for the therapeutic approach of the surgeon (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131880 TI - [Investigation of changes of the intragastric pressure in patients by means of a semiconductor tensemetric membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131881 TI - [Psychological view of constipation and diarrhoea (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131882 TI - [Various aspects of physiopathology of the intestinal ileocecal region]. PMID- 1131883 TI - [Immersion-method of the breast ultrasonic examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131884 TI - [Modified needle for the puncture-biopsy of the mammary gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131885 TI - [Cytology utilized for the diagnostic of mammary gland diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131886 TI - [A minute breast cancer detected by cytology of the secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131887 TI - [Actual problems concerning the breast-dysplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131888 TI - [Some specific remarks about the actiopathogenesis of the dysplasia of the mammary gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131889 TI - [Our experience with the treatment of a pathological secretion of the female mammary gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131890 TI - [Some comments on the age-distribution of women with breast-cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131891 TI - [Some biochemical parameters concerning the tumours of the mammary gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131892 TI - [Organized prevention and diagnostic of mammary dysplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131893 TI - [An attempt of determining anti-tumour antibodies in neoplasms of the mammary gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131894 TI - [A contribution to the lymphography of the breast-cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131895 TI - [Actual problems concerning the surgical treatment of the female breast-cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131896 TI - [Prolactin in the blood-serum during physiological and pathological gravidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131897 TI - [Detection of the tumours of the mammary gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131898 TI - [Prolactin levels in the blood-serum of mothers in early puerperium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131899 TI - [The influence of pathological conditions in the second half of gravidity upon lactation (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131900 TI - [Relationship of the urinary oestriol and pregnandiol to the lactation in the late stage of gravidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131901 TI - [Contemporary situation of puerperal mastitis in a metropolis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131902 TI - [Our therapeutic approach to the puerperal mastitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131903 TI - [New possibilities of the lactation-arrest in puerperium (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131904 TI - [Analogue drugs of ergot-alkaloids with an inhibitory effect upon prolactin secretion and their influence upon the mammary gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131905 TI - [Our experience with the treatment of mastodynia (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131906 TI - [Mammography in ectopic gravidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131907 TI - [Nursing of a new-born immediately after birth (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131908 TI - [Protracted jaundice in nursed new-borns (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131909 TI - [Screening of breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131910 TI - [The effect of the stimulation mediated by an acoustic analyser upon the electric activity of a gravid uterus during pregnancy and child-birth (anthor's trnasl)]. PMID- 1131911 TI - [Maturation of the positive estrogen feedback in girls (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131912 TI - [Clinical experience with Butocin in the treatment of malignant genital tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131913 TI - [Ultrasonic examination of the breast (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131914 TI - [Ductography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1131915 TI - [Difficulties associated with the diagnosis of dysgerminoma in girls]. PMID- 1131916 TI - [Alpha-1-fetoprotein and malignant embryonic tumours]. PMID- 1131918 TI - [Vaginal fluor in conjunction with diseases of the urinary pathways in girls]. PMID- 1131917 TI - [Trichomoniasis in children]. PMID- 1131919 TI - [Tuberculosis of the genitals in a 13-years-old girl]. PMID- 1131920 TI - [On the morphology and development of congenital ectopia of the portio vaginalis uteri]. PMID- 1131921 TI - [Collaboration of the child nephrologist with the child gynaecologist]. PMID- 1131922 TI - [Development of muscular and tendonous structure of the neck of bladder and ureter in nerborn girls]. PMID- 1131924 TI - [Cytological appearance of the secretion of the neonatal mammary gland]. PMID- 1131923 TI - [Agenesis of the uterine cervix and its solution]. PMID- 1131925 TI - [Adenomas of the mammary gland in girls]. PMID- 1131926 TI - [Problems of sexual education on adolescent girls]. PMID- 1131927 TI - [Proceedings: experience from child gynaecology in Budapest]. PMID- 1131928 TI - [Proceedings: sexual development of girls with normal and abnormal endocrin ovarian function]. PMID- 1131929 TI - [Possibilities in the campaign against nicotinism]. PMID- 1131930 TI - [The effect of amniocentesis upon the incidence of foetal erythrocytes in maternal blood-circulation]. PMID- 1131931 TI - [Effect of physical exercise on the fibrinolytic activity of serum of healthy pregnant women]. PMID- 1131932 TI - [Pancreatitis during pregnancy]. PMID- 1131934 TI - [Comparison of the depot effect of superlutin depot spofa with other gestagens]. PMID- 1131933 TI - [Serolgical tests for syphilis during pregnancy]. PMID- 1131937 TI - [Mother with phenylketonuria and foetal development]. PMID- 1131936 TI - [Influence of peracetic acid on the vaginal flora]. PMID- 1131935 TI - [Treatment of haemorrhage during insertion of IUD]. PMID- 1131939 TI - [Intrauterine aspiration according to Dolhay's methods in juvenile metrorrhagia]. PMID- 1131938 TI - [Contemporacy ideas on the regulation of sexual maturation in women]. PMID- 1131940 TI - [Experience with arrest of juvenile haemorrhage by oestrogens]. PMID- 1131941 TI - [Secondary amenorrhoea of girls during weight reduction]. PMID- 1131943 TI - [Treatment of secondary amenorrhoea of adolescents by locally produced clomifen]. PMID- 1131942 TI - [Disorders of the menstrual cycle during mental anorexia in girls]. PMID- 1131944 TI - [Our experience with surgical treatment of Stein-Leventhal's syndrome in adolescents]. PMID- 1131946 TI - [Effect of ingestion of Norbiogest during the quiescent period of the genital organs]. PMID- 1131947 TI - [Treatment of ovarian dysgenesis by follicotrophin]. PMID- 1131949 TI - [Laboratory examination in functional sterility]. PMID- 1131945 TI - [Confrontation of colpocytology and urocytology during childhood]. PMID- 1131948 TI - [Mixed dysgenesis of the gonads]. PMID- 1131950 TI - [Gondotropins found in the serum of women with ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles]. PMID- 1131952 TI - [Fsh, lh and oestrogens in the serum of the sterile women treated by clomiphene]. PMID- 1131951 TI - [Our experience with radioimmunological determination of FSH and LH the diagnostic or anovulatory cycles]. PMID- 1131953 TI - [Treatment of anovulatory cycles by clomiphene and its response in vaginal cytology]. PMID- 1131954 TI - [Our experience with a possible conservative correction of anovulatory cycles]. PMID- 1131955 TI - [Dynamic evolution of morphological ovarian changes in Stein-Loewnthal's syndrome]. PMID- 1131956 TI - [Comparision of some biochemical parameters with the coelioscopic pictures in the Stein-Loewenthal's syndrome]. PMID- 1131957 TI - [Response tin the hormonal spectrum upon the cuneiform ovarian resection immediately after surgery and in a further period of time]. PMID- 1131958 TI - [Changes in n-17-ketosteroid fractions after a cuneiform ovarian resection]. PMID- 1131959 TI - [Comments upon some problems related with surgical stimuli of ovulation]. PMID- 1131960 TI - [Functional sterility of uterine origin]. PMID- 1131961 TI - [Dysfunctional endometrium in women with ovulation cycle]. PMID- 1131962 TI - [Insufficient corpus luteum as the cause of primary and secondary sterility]. PMID- 1131963 TI - [The function of corpus luteum evidenced by coelioscopy in sterile women]. PMID- 1131964 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of hormonal disturbances in sterile womem with positive tests on toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 1131965 TI - [A contribution to the diagnostic of immunologically induced sterility]. PMID- 1131966 TI - [Antispermatozoal antibodies in the blood and cervical mucus of sterile women]. PMID- 1131968 TI - [Examination of functional sterility in the ambulatory praxis]. PMID- 1131967 TI - [An attempt of antigonadotrophin-determination in the serum of anovulating women]. PMID- 1131969 TI - [Ficticious sterility]. PMID- 1131970 TI - [Treatment of sexual indifference and discontent in women by administration of androgens]. PMID- 1131971 TI - [Sexual life and fertility of men with positive antibodies against Bedsoniae]. PMID- 1131972 TI - [Physiological and pathological findings in the blood of pregnant women]. PMID- 1131973 TI - [Our experiences with simple sinotrabeculectomy using Nesterov's method]. PMID- 1131974 TI - [Irreversible mydriasis after glaucoma surgery]. PMID- 1131975 TI - [Examination in corneal sensitivity]. PMID- 1131976 TI - [Choice of anesthesia in ophthalmologic surgery]. PMID- 1131977 TI - [Experiences with the use of ketamine in pediatric ophthalmologic surgery]. PMID- 1131978 TI - [Ketamine in ophthalmology in children]. PMID- 1131979 TI - [Treatment of amblyopia and convergent squint using optical penalization]. PMID- 1131980 TI - [Various observations on long-term follow-up of glaucoma patients]. PMID- 1131981 TI - [Glaucoma in the concept of neurovascular theory]. PMID- 1131982 TI - [Biometry in glaucoma]. PMID- 1131983 TI - [Glaucoma and ocular hypertension]. PMID- 1131984 TI - [Effect of Diluran (acetazolamide) on the glycolysis in patients wity glaucoma]. PMID- 1131985 TI - [Familial tortuosity of small retinal arteries connected with hemorrhage (study of 12 patients from 1 family)]. PMID- 1131986 TI - [Is it still necessary today, even in our country, to know the cortisone provocative test for trachoma?]. PMID- 1131987 TI - [Experiences with a movable bullar implant of the hydrophile gel methylacrylate Hydron, following enucleation]. PMID- 1131988 TI - [Prognosis in acute glaucoma during medicamentous and surgical treatment]. PMID- 1131989 TI - [Edema of the optic disk and macula after cataract extraction in the fluangiographic picture]. PMID- 1131990 TI - [Problem of corneal innervation in chronic congestive glaucoma]. PMID- 1131991 TI - [New methods for experimental studies of the anterior eye segment using strips and rings prepared from chromatographic paper]. PMID- 1131992 TI - [Retinitis centralis of probably toxcaral etiology]. PMID- 1131993 TI - [Critical frequency of fusion in patients with glaucoma simplex]. PMID- 1131994 TI - [Congenital developmental changes in the posterior part of the vitreous body]. PMID- 1131995 TI - [Hereditary hyaline macular degeneration]. PMID- 1131996 TI - [Heredity and glaucoma]. PMID- 1131997 TI - [Our experiences with Ketalar anesthesia in the surgery of strabismus]. PMID- 1131998 TI - [Various cases of vertigo of retrolabyrinthal origin in our practice during the last 10 years]. PMID- 1131999 TI - [Acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 1132000 TI - [Functional voice disorders in children with severe hearing disorders]. PMID- 1132001 TI - [Aspiration phonation in the training substitute of esophageal voice and speech in patient after laryngectomy]. PMID- 1132002 TI - [Pneumatocele of the submandibular gland]. PMID- 1132003 TI - [Hereditary hardness of hearing in a family with bronchial fistulas]. PMID- 1132004 TI - [Possibilities in the diagnostic use of ultrasound in ORL. I. Methods and technics in the examination by ultrasound]. PMID- 1132005 TI - [Possibilities in the diagnostic use of ultrasound in ORL. II. Clinical use]. PMID- 1132006 TI - [Various causes of failures of tympanoplastic operations]. PMID- 1132007 TI - [Effect of larygectomy on the status of pulmonary ventilation]. PMID- 1132008 TI - [Histopathological picture of ozena in children]. PMID- 1132009 TI - Peroral endoscopy in general anesthesia. PMID- 1132010 TI - [Nasal clearance and its racial characteristics in seaside tropical areas]. PMID- 1132011 TI - [Organic and functional consequences of impended decanulation in children]. PMID- 1132012 TI - [Complex examination of the drainage and ventilation ability of the auditory tube]. PMID- 1132013 TI - [Diseases of the maxillary sinuses in relation to their size]. PMID- 1132014 TI - [Development of occupational deafness after entering a noisy employment in older age]. PMID- 1132015 TI - [Efficiency of helmets in the prevention of temporobasal injuries]. PMID- 1132016 TI - [Perforation of the esophagus by foreign bodies in self-mutilation, their complications and technic of extraction]. PMID- 1132017 TI - [Analysis of patients of the Otoneurological Ward at the ORL Clinical Center in Brno in the years 1969-73]. PMID- 1132018 TI - [Our experiences with the cryogenic surgery of the tonsils]. PMID- 1132019 TI - [Analysis of the submandibular gland calculi with regard to the presence of side elements by means of an electronic microanalyzer]. PMID- 1132020 TI - [Subcutaneous emphysema as a complication of general anesthesia]. PMID- 1132021 TI - [Remarks from the ORL clinical centers in Italy]. PMID- 1132022 TI - [Pathophysiological significance of cerebrospinal fluid proteins]. PMID- 1132023 TI - [Dynamics of the serum level increase of hydantoins following the begin of oral administration]. PMID- 1132024 TI - [Diagnostic significance of electroencephalography in herpetic encephalitis]. PMID- 1132025 TI - [Unusual case of spinal cord epidural hemorrhage]. PMID- 1132026 TI - [Effect of chlorpromazine on auditory evoked potentials in children]. PMID- 1132027 TI - [Paraneoplastic diseases of the nervous system (comprehensive review)]. PMID- 1132028 TI - [Clinical importance in the knowledge of the personality of the adolescent patient]. PMID- 1132029 TI - [Radiocirculography in the functional diagnosis of congenital heart defects with stenosis of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 1132030 TI - [Development and perspectives of pediatrics]. PMID- 1132031 TI - [Relationship between an early antibody response after ADTP vaccine and duration of the interval between individual injections of basic vaccination]. PMID- 1132032 TI - [Nervous complications in rubeola]. PMID- 1132033 TI - [Modification of the results of some examinations by external factors. I. Emotional influences]. PMID- 1132034 TI - [Lymphogranuloma malignum--Hodgkin's disease in x-ray examination and infrared electromagnetic thermovision]. PMID- 1132035 TI - [Autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 1132036 TI - [Excretion of hydroxyproline in children with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 1132037 TI - [Syndrome of metacentric microchromosome]. PMID- 1132038 TI - [Autoradiography and banding analysis of a patient with translocations between chromosomes No. 1 and 4]. PMID- 1132039 TI - [Laryngocele in newborn infant]. PMID- 1132040 TI - [Mediastinal emphysema in newborn infant]. PMID- 1132041 TI - [Current state in the control of tuberculosis in our country and some current problems]. PMID- 1132042 TI - [Physical development of infants and preschool children in Southern Tunisia]. PMID- 1132043 TI - [Principles of reasonable hemotherapy]. PMID- 1132044 TI - [Current growth values of children and adolescents. III. Allstate research, Slovakia 1971]. PMID- 1132045 TI - [On the article of J. Buchanec and V. Kdrajnak: Lesions of the liver during therapy with erythromycin in 3 children]. PMID- 1132046 TI - [Simple method of oxygen insufflation by the nasal route in asphyctic newborn infants]. PMID- 1132047 TI - [Orientation of a pediatrician in parasitic and infectious diseases in the Republic of Guinea (tropical West Africa)]. PMID- 1132048 TI - [The process of recognizing theoretical principles in health education]. PMID- 1132049 TI - [Chronological series of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in international comparison and their use for the prognosis of future development]. PMID- 1132050 TI - [Medical aspects of the urbanization process]. PMID- 1132051 TI - [Various aspects of pneumophtiseology application in the 1st line of contact of health workers with the population of Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 1132052 TI - [Inbred absences of the right-side internal carotic artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132053 TI - [Contribution to the problem of hepatotoxic tropic contrast substances during cholangiocholecystography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132054 TI - [The share of x' rays examination in diagnostics of suckling mastoiditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132055 TI - [Complications and adjoining reactions after the lymphography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132056 TI - [Contribution to the question of duodeno-biliar reflux of contrast substance during routine gastroduodenal examination (author;s transl)]. PMID- 1132057 TI - [Registration of x' rays findings by means of digital computer (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132058 TI - [Fistulae in Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132059 TI - [Angiographic approaches in the feild of diagnostic pathological changes of upper limbs (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132060 TI - [Acute angiography in case of spleen injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132061 TI - [Acute cerebral arteriography (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132062 TI - [Unusual pictures of ectopy of kidneys in case of tumours in the retroperitoneum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132063 TI - Response of type B atrial vagal receptors to changes in wall tension during atrial filling. AB - In anesthetized curarized cats with their chests open, we recorded the activity of type B right atrial vagal stretch receptors, right atrial pressure, and instantaneous dimensional changes of the right atrium. The nervous activity was analyzed during alterations in atrial dynamics produced by acute volume loading of the right atrium under control conditions and during sympathetic and vagal stimulations. Our results demonstrated that the mean frequency of discharge in the burst was dependent on the absolute tension and the rate of change in tension developed in atrial muscles during filling. The responses of different receptors to changes in atrial dynamics were qualitatively similar but characteristic for each receptor studied. In some experiments nervous activity was recorded after the cats had been killed: static and dynamic changes in atrial tension were then produced by injecting blood into the right atrium. Under these conditions dynamic stimuli always activated the receptors at tensions below the threshold for static stimuli. During dynamic stimuli the instantaneous firing rate was always higher than it was during static stimuli applied at the same level of tension. This study indicates that the nervous activity of type B atrial vagal receptors is closely dependent on static and dynamic changes in atrial wall tension. PMID- 1132064 TI - Depolarization-induced movement of Mn 2 cations across the cell membrane in the guinea pig myocardium. AB - The effects of Mn-2+-containing solutions on the mechanical and electrical responses of myocardial tissue were studied on guinea pig ventricular strips. At a concentration of 10 mM, Mn-2+ abolished the twitch responses and caused the development of a contracture in stimulated preparations but not in resting or in Ca-2+-depleted preparations. The duration of action potentials was shortened, and dV/dt-max was decreased. In Ca-2+-depleted (0.1 mM), Mg-2+-free medium, Mn-2+ also increased the amplitude of the overshoot; the increase was due to a slow phase of depolarization. Measurement of the Mn-2+ uptake showed an increased influx of these ions in stimulated preparations compared with that in quiescent preparations. These results suggest that Mn-2+ (1) generates a transmembrane current in guinea pig myocardial cells and (2) interferes with the excitation contraction coupling process at two levels: the cell membrane and an intracellular site. PMID- 1132065 TI - Differentiation of neurogenic and myocardial angiotensin II receptors in isolated rabbit atria. AB - The effect of angiotensin on the action of tyramine was studied in isolated rabbit left atria paced by point and field stimulation to more clearly define the interaction of angiotensin with the sympathetic nervous system. Administration of angiotensin resulted in similar increases in contractility in both point- and field-stimulated atria. In point-stimulated preparations only the muscle is stimulated to contract, whereas in field-stimulated preparations both nerve and muscle are stimulated. 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II completely blocked the direct inotropic effect of angiotensin in a molar dose ratio of 3:1 in both point- and field-stimulated preparations. However, angiotensin (0.05-10 ng/ml) potentiated the inotropic effect of tyramine in field-stimulated atria only. This facilitatory effect was not inhibited by 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II at a molar dose ratio of 3:1; indeed, a ratio of 500:1 was necessary for complete blockade of this angiotensin-induced potentiation. This antagonist in odses of 0.1-1000 ng/ml was without contractile effect in any preparation, regardless of whether tyramine was present. The data suggest the presence of (1) a presynaptic angiotensin receptor that, in the presence of sympathetic nerve stimulation, modulates the release of norepinephrine and (2) a second angiotensin receptor in cardiac tissue that directly influences myocardial contractility. PMID- 1132066 TI - Inotropic effects of different calcium ion concentration on the embryonic chick ventricle. Comparison of single cultured cells and intact muscle strips. AB - The effects of changes in the calcium ion concentration in the medium bathin single beating cultured chick embryo ventricular cells were determined using an electro-optical monitoring technique for measuring the amplitude and velocity of cell wall motion. Although single cells showed significant decreases in the amplitude and velocity of cell wall motion during contraction when the calcium ion concentration was lowered from 1.8 mM to 0.9 mM, there were no significant changes in these parameters when the concentration was increased from 1.8 mM to 3.6 mM, and the magnitude of this response increased with increasing embryonic age. These results suggest that there is a reduced positive inotropic responsiveness in young chick embryo ventricular cells, which is particularly marked in the single cultured cell preparation because of the tendency of culturing techniques to select out immature cell populations. PMID- 1132067 TI - Pressure drop across artificially induced stenoses in the femoral arteries of dogs. AB - Stenoses were artificially induced in 13 large mongrel dogs by implanting small hollow cylindrical plugs in their femoral arteries. The instantaneous pressure drop across the stenosis and the flow rate were measured for a series of stenoses varying in severity from 52.3 to 92.2%. Mean pressure drops ranged from approximately 2 to 30 mm Hg with peak pressure drops ranging from 9 to 53 mm Hg. The pressure drop could be estimated from a relatively simple equation that was originally developed for flow through model stenoses. With this equation, the effects of several factors that contribute to the pressure drop, including stenosis size and shape, artery lumen diameter, blood density, blood viscosity, and velocity and acceleration of flow, could be clearly delineated. For severe stenoses, unsteady flow effects were small and flow could be treated as quasi steady. Calculations based on data obtained from the dog experiments revealed that the mean pressure drop across a stenosis increased nonlinearly with percent stenosis and showed quantitatively that the value of critical stenosis decreased with increasing demand for blood flow. PMID- 1132068 TI - Correlation of the glycoside response, the force staircase, and the action potential configuration in the neonatal rat heart. AB - The rat heart demonstrates marked alterations in its responses to ouabain and increased frequencies of stimulation and in the duration of its action potential during the initial 21 days of life. At an age of 6.2 days 5 times 10- minus 5M ouabain produced a 158.2% increase in dP/dt compared with a 17.2% increase at 21.1 days (P less than 0.001). At 6.2 days dP/dt increased by 53.4% when the heart rate was accelerated from 30 to 90 beats/min compared with an increase of 12.2% at 21.1 days (P less than 0.005). The positive glycoside and staircase responses at the younger age were virtually eliminated when the hearts were perfused with a solution containing 50% [Na+]o and 25% [Ca-2+]o ([Ca-2+]o/[Na+]o 2 maintained constant). The duration of the ventricular action potential progressively decreased from 350-400 msec at birth to 100-150 msec at 21 days of life. This decrease was due to a shortening and a decrease in the potential level of the plateau phase. The prominent plateau typical of the early neonatal period was significantly diminished by perfusion with 50% [Na+]o. The results suggest that Na+ flux through a slow membrane channel plays a significant role in the positive staircase and glycoside responses of the early neonatal rat heart. As the heart matures and becomes functionally anomalous relative to other mammalian species, the slow channel progressively closes. PMID- 1132069 TI - Inhibition of coronary blood flow by a vascular waterfall mechanism. AB - The mechanism whereby systole inhibits coronary blood flow was examined. A branch of the left coronary artery was maximally dilated with an adenosine infusion, and the pressure-flow relationship was obtained for beating and arrested states. The pressure-flow curve for the arrested state was shifted toward higher pressures and in the range of pressures above peak ventricular pressure was linear and parallel to that for the arrested state. Below this range the curve for the beating state converged toward that for the arrested state and was convex to the pressure axis. These results were compared with a model of the coronary vasculature that consisted of numerous parallel channels, each responding to local intramyocardial pressure by forming vascular waterfalls. When intramyocardial pressure in the model was assigned values from zero at the epicardium to peak ventricular pressure at the endocardium, pressure-flow curves similar to the experimental ones resulted. Thus, we conclude that systole inhibits coronary perfusion by the formation of vascular waterfalls and that the intramyocardial pressures responsible for this inhibition do not significantly exceed peak ventricular pressure. PMID- 1132070 TI - Reduced myocardial reflow and increased coronary vascular resistance following prolonged myocardial ischemia in the dog. AB - Studies were performed to determine whether an alteration in coronary vascular resistance and a reduction in the reflow phenomenon occurred in the blood perfused, heparinized canine heart after various periods of myocaridal ischemia. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. Proximal left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow was measured with a periarterial flow transducer. Reduced reflow to the ischemic portion of the left ventricle and increased resistance in the left anterior descending coronary artery were present after 120 minutes of myocardial ischemia. The reduction in reflow was specific to the subendocardium of the ischemic area. Saline and isosorbide dinitrate (Isordi) did not prevent the increase in coronary vascular resistance or the significant reduction in reflow to the subendocardial portion of the ischemic area. Hypertonic mannitol given so as to increase serum osmolality 40 mosmoles/kg prevented the increase in coronary vascular resistance and modified the reduction in the reflow phenomenon to the subendocardial portion of the ischemic area. Thus, both an increase in coronary vascular resistance and a significant reduction in reflow to the subendocardial portion of the ischemic area occur in the canine heart after 120 minutes of myocardial ischemia. Moreover, the increase in coronary vascular resistance can be prevented and the reduction in reflow to the subendocardial portion of the ischemic area can be modified by the administration of hypertonic mannitol. PMID- 1132071 TI - Determinants of fast- and slow-pathway conduction in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways. AB - Electrophysiological studies were performed in two patients with documented paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways as defined by the atrial extra-stimulus technique. Both patients manifested two ranges of A-H intervals (AV nodal conduction times) at critical cycle lengths, reflecting fast- and slow-pathway conduction. The occurrence of fast- and slow-pathway conduction at the same cycle length depended on a long fast-pathway effective refractory period relative to the spontaneous or driven cycle length. At critical cycle lengths with fast-pathway conduction, a shift to slow-pathway conduction could be induced by a premature atrial impulse falling within the effective refractory period of the fast pathway. Repetitive retrograde concealed conduction to the fast pathway then maintained antegrade slow-pathway conduction. Resumption of fast-pathway conduction was induced with premature atrial impulses falling within the effective refractory periods of both the fast and the slow pathways, allowing recovery of the fast pathway for antegrade conduction. Atrial echoes and AV nodal reentrant paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia occurred when sufficient slow-pathway delay was achieved to allow recovery of the fast pathway for retrograde conduction. PMID- 1132072 TI - Mesenteric hemodynamics in early experimental renal hypertension in dogs. AB - To investigate mesenteric hemodynamics in early perinephritic hypertension, we measured blood flows and intravascular pressures in innvervated, collateral-free, naturally perfused loops of ileum in 50 male mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. In addition, we studied venous pressure-volume relationships in temporarily occluded segments of mesenteric veins in vivo and in excised segments of mesenteric veins in vitro. In 10 dogs (group H-1), one kidney was wrapped in silk 11 days before study; in 15 other dogs (group H-2), one kidney was wrapped 4 weeks before study and the other was removed 2 weeks before study. Twenty-five additional dogs were prepared as normotensive controls: in 10 one kidney was sham-wrapped (group C-1), and in 15 one kidney was sham-wrapped and the other was removed (group C-2). A significant rise in mean arterial blood pressure occurred in groups H-1 and H-2. Compared to controls, (1) ileal blood flow in the hypertensive dogs (H-1 plus H-2) was increased by 17% (P smaller than 0.05), (2) calculated ileal vascular resistances (total and segmental) were unchanged (P smaller than 0.05), and (3) in vivo and in vitro mesenteric vein pressure-volume curves of H-2 (but not of H-1) hypertensive dogs were shifted in the direction of the pressure axis (P smaller than 0.05). These data suggest that in the early stages of perinephritic hypertension in dogs (1) ileal blood flow is increased. (2) ileal vascular resistance is not elevated, and (3) mesenteric venous compliance is reduced. Analysis of the venous pressure-volume curves suggests that the decreased venous compliance is attributable to factors other than smooth muscle contraction. PMID- 1132073 TI - Urinary kallikrein excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Urinary kallikrein was similar in 16-week-old Wistar/Kyoto (W/Ky) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, but at 23 weeks the SH rats excreted significantly less kallikrein. When dietary sodium was restricted, kallikrein excretion increased in the W/Ky but not in the SH rats. On high dietary sodium the opposite occurred: kallidrein excretion increased in the SH but not in the W/Ky rats. The pattern of urinary kallikrein excretion has some similarity to that seen in human hypertensive disease, i.e., the SH rat excretes less kallikrein than the normotensive control at 23 weeks of age and does not show an increased excretion when fed a low sodium diet. However, the rise in kallikrein shown by the SH rat on a high sodium diet is unique for this hypertensive model. PMID- 1132074 TI - Identification of angiotensinogenic hypertension in man using 1-sar-8-ala angiotensin II (Saralasin, P-113). AB - Peripheral plasma renin activity (PRA) is not invariably elevated in patients whose ischemic renal lesion is causing hypertension. Infusions of an angiotensin II antagonist, 1-sar-8-ala-angiotensin II (P-113), have been used to determine whether the blood pressure responses might indicate angiotensin dependence in 221 consecutive hypertensive patients. In 32 patients P-113 infusion reversibly reduced blood pressure, and almost all of these "P-113 responders" had elevated renal vein and/or peripheral PRA levels, together with evidence of renal ischemia. Among the 189 "P-113 nonresponders," peripheral PRA was elevated in seven (3.8%), and renal vein PRA ratio was abnormal in two patients, who might represent exceptions to the otherwise successful record of the P-113 response in identifying "angiotensinoginic" hypertensives. PMID- 1132075 TI - Effect of varying perfusion pressures on the output of sodium and renin and the vascular resistance in kidneys of rats with "post-salt" hypertension and Kyoto spontaneous hypertension. AB - Isolated kidneys from both "post-salt" normotensive and hypertensive rats were perfused with blood from donor rats at varying pressures. At 130 mm Hg inflow pressure 15 "post-salt normotensive" kidneys put out 0.75 muEq Na/min/g kidney while 14 "post-salt hypertensive" kidneys put out 0.28 mu-Eq Na/min/g (P less than 0.001), a 63% reduction. They also put out 55% less water (P less than 0.002). Thus, if "hypertensive" kidneys are perfused at normal pressures, they put out subnormal amounts of Na and H-2-O. Such Na and H-2-O retention maintains the hypertensive state. Normal Na output in these kidneys was only reached at hypertensive (160) inflow pressures. This shift in the "pressure natriuresis" curve explains in part how some "hypertensive" kidneys maintain hypertension. These "hypertensive" kidneys have grossly abnormal autoregulation curves, each increment of pressure actually producing progressively greater increments of blood flow. Isolated kidneys from Kyoto hypertensive and normotensive rats showed no difference in Na and H-2-O excretion at 130 mm Hg inflow pressure. Thus, a tendency to Na retention demonstrable in the isolated kidney is apparently not supporting Kyoto hypertension. Moreover, isolated kidneys form Kyoto hypertensive rats released significantly lower amounts of renin at all levels of inflow pressure, averaging a 70% lower rate than Kyoto normotensive kidneys (P less than 0.01). Hence, Kyoto hypertension is not supported by a supernormal renin release inherent in the kidney. One can speculate that Kyoto hypertensive rats normally have an elevated sympathetic tone which stimulates release of renin. The denervation which occurs in isolating kidneys might therefore produce a proportionally greater percentage loss of sympathetic influence in these kidneys, which could possibly account for some of their reduced renin release. These Kyoto hypertensive kidneys are apparently not "reset" to maintain hypertension with either Na or renin. PMID- 1132076 TI - Evidence for the existence of an acetone soluble renin inhibiting factor in normal human plasma. AB - After addition of exogenous human renin, the in vitro rate of angiotensin I generation is faster in plasma of patients with chronic renal insufficiency and, to a lesser extent, in plasma of patients with essential hypertension than in plasma from normotensive control subjects. The increased reactivity of renin in hypertensive and uremic plasma is not related to differences of endogenous renin activity, angiotensinase activity, renin substrate concentration, or substrate reactivity. Addition of normal, hypertensive, and uremic plasma to a human renin sheep renin substrate system inhibited the rate of angiotensin generation, although significantly less inhibition was observed with uremic plasma. The reactivity of renin increased in normal plasma but not in uremic plasma after treatment with 95% acetone. After acetone extraction renin reactivity in normal and plasma inhibited the rate of angiotensin generation in a renin-renin substrate system. Less inhibition occurred with the acetone extract from a pool of uremic plasma. These results provide evidence for the existence of a naturally occurring acetone soluble renin inhibiting factor in normal and uremic plasma. The increased reactivity of renin in uremic plasma may be related to a deficiency of this factor. PMID- 1132078 TI - Role of renin in the pathogenesis of renal hypertension. AB - To test the hypothesis that renin is circulating in pressor amounts in renal hypertension, two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension was produced in rats. After hypertension had been present for a variable period of time (4 to 21 days), the ischemic kidney was removed, and an infusion of rat renin was started immediately to replace the endogenous renin that the ischemic kidney had been releasing. Since the amount of renin released by the clipped kidney was not known, the amount infused was regulated by a feedback mechanism set to keep the mean blood pressure at the same level as before ipsilateral nephrectomy. Hypertension remission was therefore prevented by this procedure. The PRA at the end of the renin infusion was similar to that prior to the ipsilateral nephrectomy. This finding indicates that the levels of the PRA circulating in renal hypertension are within the pressor range, thus supporting the hypothesis that renin plays a role in the pathogenesis of the acute or semiacute phase of renal hypertension. However, the participation of other factors cannot be ruled out since no correlation was found between PRA and blood pressure. PMID- 1132077 TI - Plasma renin and sodium balance during development of moderate and severe renal hypertension in rats. AB - The changes in systolic blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), and sodium balance were studied during the first 3 weeks of the development of renal hypertension in rats with an undisturbed contralateral kidney. Moderate hypertension (160 to 180 mm Hg) was reached after application of a 0.25-mm solid clip; severe hypertension (200 to 230 mm Hg) developed after application of a 0.20-mm solid clip. Basal levels of PRA in peripheral blood increased only in rats with a 0.20-mm clip, when blood pressure had already risen to 160 to 180 mm Hg. Elevated peripheral PRA, however, may have contributed to the initial increase of blood pressure in both groups of hypertensive rats, as indicated by higher late-afternoon PRA values at the peak of the normal diurnal rhythm of PRA. PRA in renal venous blood from the clipped kidney increased during the development of both moderate and severe hypertension at a rate quantitatively related to the rise in blood pressure. During the first 8 to 10 days after application of both sizes of clips, sodium retention per gram gain in body weight was significantly higher than in the sham-operated controls. Subsequently, sodium balance and blood pressure stabilized in animals with a 0.25-mm clip. In the rats with a 0.20-mm clip, sodium balance returned to control levels and became even lower than in the sham-operated group. Despite this negative sodium balance, blood pressure showed a further rise. These results suggest that in rats with an undisturbed contralateral kidney, a positive sodium balance has a role in the early phase of the development of renal hypertension. The enhanced plasma renin activity also probably contributes to the early phase, but appears to make a major contribution to the further development of severe hypertension. PMID- 1132079 TI - Effects of high and low sodium intake on arterial pressure and forearm vasular resistance in borderline hypertension. A preliminary report. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of high and low sodium intake on arterial pressure and forearm vascular resistance in subjects with borderline hypertension and to compare responses to sodium excess in these subjects with responses in a recent study in normotensive subjects. Six subjects with borderline hypertension were studied after ten days of high (410 mEq/24hr) and low (10mEq/24hr) sodium intake. Potassium intake was constant. In five of six subjects, high sodium intake decreased forearm blood flow and increased forearm vascular resistance and arterial pressure. During low and high sodium intake forearm blood flow averaged 7.8 plus or minus 1.2 (SE) and 5.9 plus or minus 0.8 ml/min x 100 ml, respectively; forearm vascular resistance averaged 13.5 plus or minus 2.2 and 19.1 plus or minus 3.0 units, respectively; and mean arterial pressure averaged 89 plus or minus 3 and 98 plus or minus 2 mm Hg, respectively. High sodium intake augmented forearm vasoconstrictor responses to lower body negative pressure, a stimulus to neurogenic vasoconstriction. The results contrast with our earlier results in normotensive subjects in whom sodium excess produced forearm vasodilatation and failed to increase arterial pressure significantly. Decreases in renin and aldosterone with high sodium intake were similar in the two groups. The results suggest that excessive sodium intake in subjects with borderline hypertension produces abnormal increases in forearm vascular resistance, neurogenic vasoconstriction, and arterial pressure. The reasons for the contrast between the borderline hypertensives and normotensives are unknown, but they do not seem to be related to the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. PMID- 1132080 TI - Altered cardiac responsiveness and regulation in the normal cardiac output type of borderlind hlpertension. AB - Of 145 patients with borderline hypertension, 30% had increased resting cardiac index (QI), whereas the remainder had normal values. The specific aim of this study was to investigate cardiac regulation in patients who had normal resting QI. Eighty-five control subjects were used for comparison. At rest, patients with normal QI showed evidence of decreased parasympathetic inhibition; the QI after injection of atropine increased less than in control subjects. After complete cardiac autonomic blockade with propranolol and atropine, QI and stroke volume were significantly lower in patients than in control subjects. The mechanism of this low QI was further analyzed. Central blood volume, which strongly correlates with stroke volume, was used as an estimate of the cardiac venous filling. After blockade, stroke volume was decreased in patients, but central blood volume was normal. Patients also showed a decreased heart rate and QI response to infusion of isoproterenol. It is therefore postulated that two components may be responsible for the low QI in the "denervated" heart: patients exhibit a decreased responsiveness to sympathetic stimulation, and they may also be less responsive to venous filling. Behind the facade of cardiac normality in these borderline hypertensive patients with normal cardiac output, there is evidence of altered autonomic control of the heart (decreased vagal inhibition) and of changed cardiac response to sympathetic stimulation and possibly to venous filling. PMID- 1132081 TI - Mechanism of vascular hyperresponsiveness in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Hyperresponsiveness of resistance vessels has been described in various vascular beds of spontaneously hypertensive rats perfused with artificial medium. This change has been attributed to altered vascular dimensions secondary to the development of hypertension. To test the possibility that true changes in sensitivity might contribute independently to vasoconstrictor hyperresponsiveness in spontaneously hypertensive rats, threshold vasoconstrictor doses of norepinephrine and barium chloride were determined in denervated hindquarters of rats perfused at constant flow with autologous blood. Threshold constrictor responses to norepinephrine were elicited in the hypertensive rats at concentrations averaging less than one-third that required in controls. Threshold vasoconstrictor concentrations of barium were not significantly different between the two groups. The ratio of norepinephrine/barium sensitivity was also significantly elevated in the hypertensive group. These data suggest that in the presence of a full humoral complement, excitability (barium sensitivity) in resistance vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats is not altered, whereas the smooth muscle is hypersensitive to norepinephrine. Thus, it appears that changes in sensitivity as well as altered vascular geometry are important in the production of vascular hyperresponsiveness in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 1132082 TI - Angiotensin III: (DES-Aspartic Acid-1)-Angiotensin II. Evidence and speculation for its role as an important agonist in the renin - angiotensin system. AB - Evidence is reviewed that three and possibly four peptides formed from renin substrate have biological activity that merits their recognition as agonists. The decepeptide angiotensin I affects sites in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla. The octapeptide angiotensin II affects vascular and cardiac sites that mediate acute pressor responses, and also causes direct feedback inhibition of renin release. The heptapeptide (des-asp-1)-angiotensin II ("angiotensin III") stimulates aldosterone release.. It may exert its effects intracellularly at the adrenal glomerulosa and other sites. The fourth candidate is the (des-asp-1) angiotensin I nonapeptide, but nothing is known of its activity or circulating levels. This formulation of the angiotensin reaction sequence and the effects of its individual congeners suggests several experiments. It also permits simple explanations for previously confusing data, such as the inability of immunization and anti-angiotensin II to prevent aldosterone responses, and the paradoxical preservation of adrenal responsiveness in Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 1132083 TI - Role of angiotensin II and potassium in the long-term regulation of aldosterone secretion in intact conscious dogs. AB - The aldosterone response to long-term infusion of angiotensin II and potassium was studied in intact conscious dogs. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma cortisol concentration (PCC) were determined by radioimmunoassay. In ten dogs maintained on angiotension II infusion (5 ng/kg min-1) for 14 days, PAC increased from 6.9 plus or minus 2.9 to 18.6 plus or minus 4.7 ng/100 ml plasma (mean plus or minus SE) within ten minutes after beginning the infusion, reached a maximum level of 28.3 plus or minus 6.8 ng/100 ml plasma by one hour, and returned to control levels by six hours. PCC increased from 0.6 plus or minus 0.2 to 3.9 plus or minus 1.0 mu-g/ 100 ml plasma within one hour after angiotensin II infusion and returned to control levels by six hours. During the next 14 days of angiotensin infusion, PAC remained at control levels, PRA was undetectable by radioimmunoassay, and mean arterial blood pressure was elevated 29 plus or minus 4 mm Hg above control levels. In ten dogs maintained on KCL infusion (250 mEg/day) for 15 days, PAC increased from 6.8 plus or minus 2.4 to 13.6 plus or minus 3.4 ng/100 ml plasma within 24 hours, averaged 22.4 plus or minus 4.3 ng/100 ml plasma by 48 hours, and remained elevated for the next 12 days, averaging 21.8 plus or minus 5.6 ng/100 ml plasma. During the next 14 days of KCL infusion, serum Kn increased from 4.1 plus or minus 0.3 to 4.9 plus or minus 0.5 ME1/L, and PRA decreased from 1.25 plus or minus 0.3 to 0.65 plus or minus 0.2 ng/ml/hr. PCC averaged 0.73 plus or minus 0.4 mu-g/100 ml plasma in the control samples and failed to change significantly during KCL infusion. These data indicate that chronic angiotensin II infusion into intact conscious dogs at rates capable of maintaining elevated arterial blood pressure results in a transient increase in aldosterone secretion that lasts only a few hours, while chronic infusion of potassium ions at rates that produce a minor increase in serum Kn results in a sustained increase in aldosterone secretion. PMID- 1132084 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis by bovine mesenteric arteries and veins. AB - Prostaglandins (PG) were synthesized at similar rates by bovine mesenteric arteries and veins; viz., ca. 200 ng/g wet weight after one hour of incubation. After synthesis, PGE and PGF compounds were released from slices of arteries and veins into the incubating medium; PG were not detected in the walls of these blood vessels. Arachidonic acid, the precursor to PGE-2 and PGF-2-alpha, did not affect PG synthesis, whereas meclofenamate, an aspirin-like agent, decreased synthesis in arteries and veins by 90%. The PG biosynthetic capacity of these blood vessels is high, as indicated by greater than 20% conversion of (1-14C) arachidonic acid to radiolabeled PG. Under control conditions in both arteries and veins, synthesis of PGE-2 exceeded that of PGF-2-alpha twofold. Bradykinin selectively increased the synthesis of a PGE-like substance in arteries and of a PGE-like substance in veins. PMID- 1132085 TI - Renal prostaglandin synthesis in the Goldblatt hypertensive rat. AB - The role of prostaglandins in blood pressure regulation was studied in normal rats and in animals with renal artery constriction. The effects of chronic inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on arterial pressure were observed, and renal medullary PG synthesis was measured in vitro. The prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin was given in a dose of 2 mg/kg/day by mouth to one of two groups of male Wistar rats with a unilateral renal artery constriction and the other kidney untouched, and to one of two sham-clipped groups. Systolic blood pressures were higher in indomethacin-treated clipped rats than in non indomethacin-treated clipped animals, and at 18 days averaged 188 mm Hg (plus or minus SEM 5.9, n = 36) and 162 mm Hg (plus or minus SEM 7.6, n = 34), respectively (P less than 0.005 for data pooled from two experiments). Indomethacin did not affect pressures of sham-clipped animals treated for 40 days. Analysis of PG synthesis by gas-liquid chromatography in renal medullary slices incubated for 30 minutes in Krebs-Henseleit buffer showed: (1) 40% suppression of PGE synthesis in hypertensive animals (P less than 0.001): (2) no differences between clipped and untouched kidneys; (3) chronic indomethacin treatment did not affect PGE synthesis in the in vitro buffer system; and (4) no PGA synthesis was detected. In a further experiment in which medullary slices were incubated in plasma of rats treated with equivalent doses of indomethacin, PGE synthesis was suppressed by 35%. The experiments support the concept that prostaglandins modulate pressor mechanisms which come into play when renal blood flow is drastically reduced. The effects could be mediated by PG synthesis in the kidney and/or in other systemic vascular beds. PMID- 1132086 TI - A clinical and follow-up study of right and left bundle branch block. AB - The experience with bundle branch block at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine was reviewed. The clinical and follow-up status was evaluated in 394 subjects with right bundle branch block (RBBB) and 125 subjects with left bundle branch block (LBBB). The majority of subjects were asymptomatic at the time of bundle branch block diagnosis. The subjects were divided into subfroups based on electrocardiographic (EEG) findings to determine if any one subfroup was at higher risk for initial or follow-up morbidity of cardiobascular disease or follow-up mortality. At initial diagnosis and clinical evaluation, 94% of RBBB and 89% of LBBB subjects had no evidence of cardiobascular disease. In the RBBB group, 3 and 2% had cornary heart disease and hypertension, respectively; in LBBB subjects, 9 and 7% had cornary heart disease and hypertension, respectively. No one ECG subfroup in either the RBBB or LBBB group had a higher incidence of cardiobascular disease. Complete follow-up information was available in 94% of the RBBB subgroup subjects and 91% of the LBBB group. In the follow-up period, new cases of coronary heart disease and hypertension occurred in 6% of the RBBB group and 5 and 8%, respectively, in the LBBB group. Fourteen (4%) RBBB and nine (8%) LBBB subjects died during the follow-up period. No differences for follow-up groups. Progressive electrical dysfunction in the form of complete heart block occurred in one subject each absence, and degree of associated cardiobascular disease. Furthermore, within the age limits of the present aeromedical implications of bundle block are discussed. PMID- 1132087 TI - Echocardiographic observations on ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction. AB - Echocardiograms were performed on three patients with ventricular septal rupture complicating myocardial infarction. The pulmonary artery mean pressure was 30 mm Hg or more in all three patients. The size of the ventricular septal defect, determined at operation or autopsy, was 2 cm or greater in each patient. The salient echocardiographic abnormality was dilatation of the right ventricle. The direction of septal motion was normal in all the patients. The left atrial diameter was slightly increased in one patient and was normal in the other two. In one patient, and unusual pattern of mitral valve motion was seen. Complete closure of the reopening of the valve. This pattern was suggestive of increased blood flow through the mitral valve. Although some of these findings are nosspecific, the combination of echocardiographic findings may provide useful clues to the diagnosis of septal perforation. PMID- 1132088 TI - True and false left ventricular aneurysms. Propensity for the altter to rupture. AB - Two cases are described of sudden death resulting from rupture of small chronic false aneurysm of the left ventricle with secondary hemopericardium. The cases support the point that rupture of chronic false left ventricular aneurysm tends to occur. This appears to be contrary to the potential for chronic true aneurysms of the left ventricle which tend not to rupture. Rupture of true left ventriuclar aneurysm in its deveoping stahe may, however, occur. PMID- 1132089 TI - Electroide cather recording during malignant ventricular arrythmia following experimental acute myocardial ischemia. Evidence for re-entry due to conduction delay and block in ischemic myocardium. AB - In 20 anesthetized opened-chest dogs, plunge wire and electrode catheter recordings of the this bundle electrogram which also showed septal activation, were monitored before and after ligation of the anterior septal artery. The average time to onset of ventricular tachycardia after ligation was 5-1/2 min. The evolution of the arrhythmia was temporally related to progressive fragmentation and delay of the septal potential, resulting in a marked increase in total ventricular activation time (up to 335 msec). In six experiments the fragmented, delayed septal depolarization was inscribed well beyond the T wave of the surface QRS prior to the onset of arrhythmias. Various conduction disorders involving the ischemic septal myocardium were observed which closely correlated to the patterns of conduction disorder in the ischemic proximal His-Purkinje system. First degree block, 2 degree block of the Mobitz II and Wenckebach types, higher degree block and paroxysmal complete block occurred. The onset of the arrhythmia was characteristically associated with a Wenckebach pattern of conduction delay of a part of the septal deflection. Conduction disorders of the ischemic myocardium were tachycardia-dependent. Bradycardia resulted in recovery of form, duration, and timing of the septal potential with the coincident disappearance of ventricular arrhythmias. The study shows that the basic prerequisites for re-entry do exist during the early period following occlusion of a major coronary artery and can explain the malignant phase of ventricular arrhythmias. Similar disorders in man may be detected by intracardiac electrode catheter recordings. PMID- 1132090 TI - Transient ST-segment in unstable angina. Clinical and hemodynamic significance. AB - The significance of the direction of the ST-segment shifts on the 12-lead electrocardiogram was evaluated in 82 consecutive patients with unstable angina. Eighteen patients with ST-segment elevation (group I) were compared with 64 patients with ST-segment depression (group II). There was no difference between group I and group II with regard to age, sex, or history of previous myocardial infarction. There also was no difference in the angiographic extent, location or severity of the coronary artery disease, collaterals, or resting hemodynamics. A larger proportion of patients in group I presented with recent onset angina. Life threatening arrhythmias were more frequent in group I but were uncommon in both groups. A normal resting electrocardiogram was associated with normal ventricular function in both group I and group II but was associated with single vessel disease only in group I. An abnormal resting electrocardiogram was associated with multiple coronary vessel disease and abnormal ventricular function in both groups. Single vessel disease was encountered twice as frequently in group I but this difference was not statistically significant. Left main coronary artery disease was found only in group II. PMID- 1132091 TI - Double accessory pathways in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Intracardiac electrophysiological studies were performed in two patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Atrial pacing at increasing rates or shorter coupling intervals produced inscription of the forward His bundle deflection at progressively longer intervals after the onset of ventricular depolarization. There was an associated increase in QRS duration without any change in the P-R (or St-V) interval. This response was consistent with a Kent bundle. Case 1 also had a short A-H interval which did not show the expected prolongation with stimulation at progressively faster rates. This suggested the presence of a James bundle in addition to the Kent bundle. In case 2 beats conducted exclusively through the atrioventricular (A-V) node had a short H-V interval but a delta wave was not inscribed. Absence of an initial slurring was attributed to the existence of an infra-His bundle bypass of the Mahaim type causing only slight pre-excitation, which was not of sufficient magnitude to be recorded by body surface leads. However, the existence of a congenitally short anterosuperior division of the left bundle could nt be excluded. PMID- 1132092 TI - Postoperative left anterior hemiblock and right bundle branch block following repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Clinical and etiologic considerations. AB - Previous reports have indicated an incidence of right bundle branch block (RBBB) and left anterior hemiblock (LAH) pattern varying from 8-22% following corrective surgery in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Among 207 patients with tetralogy of Fallot operated on at our institution, 8.7% developed an ECG pattern of RBBB and LAH. These patients were followed for 1-13 years (mean 6.2 years) for a total of 111 patient years. All patients are alive and none have had documented late atrioventricular dissociation, syncope, or other symptoms. Transient heart block was present in one patient in the immediate postoperative period but has not recurred. This group of patients differs significantly from other series in which such an ECG pattern was associated with a marked increase in morbidity and mortality. These data and the experimental evidence suggest that two distinct groups of patients exist: 1) a group in which this ECG pattern is secondary to lesions within the bundle of His and 2) a group in which the pattern is caused by lesions in the peripheral conduction system. It is postulated that these two groups which demonstrate the same ECG pattern may carry significantly different prognoses. Analysis of H-V intervals postoperatively may help identify patients at risk. PMID- 1132093 TI - Purkinje repolarization as a possible cause of the U wave in the electrocardiogram. AB - Our recent clinical studies suggest that the U wave represents Purkinje repolarization. To test this hypothesis, transmembrane potentials of Purkinje fibers (P) and the ventricular muscle (V) were simultaneously recorded from canine P-V preparations perfused in a tissue bath, and effects of various factors causing prominent U waves were studied. These include low stimulating frequency (bracycardia), low potassium (K) concentration, hypothermia, and quinidine. Bracycardia increased the difference between action potential duration of P and V, and decreased the rate of repolarization in P. Similarly, the difference of P and V action potential duration was increased markedly by low K and hypothermia, and slightly by quinidine, while the slope of phase 3 was significantly decreased by all these factors. In several intact animals either hypokalemia or hypothermia was produced using hemodialysis or extracorporeal circulation, and recorded electrocardiograms were compared with the P and V action potentials obtained under similar perfusing conditions in subsequent tissue bath study. Such comparison revealed a good temporal correlation between phase 3 repolarization in P and the electrocardiographic U wave. These results, although indirect, appear to support the theory that P repolarization caused the genesis of the U wave. PMID- 1132094 TI - Follow-up of mass screening for coronary risk factors in 1817 adults. AB - The prevalence of coronary risk factors was assessed in 1,817 asymptomatic adults in Long Beach, California, at the beginning and end of a 10-11 month interval. The risk factors evaluated were hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, smoking, hyperglycemia, and marked obesity. The results of the tests were sent to the participants and to their physicians. An educational program aimed at reducing coronary risk factors was offered to the first 1,250 persons screened. Eight hundred and seventy-two of those 1,250 allocated to the education group returned for a second screening. The prevalence of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 coronary risk factors did not change significantly between the two screens in either the total group of 1,817 adults or in the 872 adults in the educational program. The Long Beach Heart Association mass screening program for coronary risk factors was ineffective in reducing the number of coronary risk factors. PMID- 1132095 TI - The effect of cold air inhalation on again pectoris and myocardial oxygen supply. AB - Inhalation of cold air (-20 degrees C) for four minutes provoked angina pectoris in four of 17 coronary disease patients at rest and in four of seven of the patients while they were paced at a heart rate level which was subanginal at room temperature. The cold air did not increase myocardial O2 consumption significantly, and the accompanying changes in systemic hemodynamic factors known to influence myocardial O2 consumption were minor. Coronary blood flow determined by the xenon clearance method did not change significantly. In 18 patients, cold air inhalation for 1 1/2 minutes caused no detectable constriction of coronary arteries visualized arteriographically. We conclude that angina pectoris induced by breathing cold air cannot be explained satisfactorily by a concurrent increase in myocardial work and O2 consumption. Although neither large coronary artery constriction nor generalized coronary arteriole constriction seem to be involved, some other specific effect of cold air inhalation on coronary vasomotion, perhaps affecting collaterals or coronary blood flow distribution, is suspected. PMID- 1132096 TI - Pathology of stable and unstable angina pectoris. AB - The clinical and pathological data from 46 patients who died during or shortly after coronary bypass surgery and one patient who died shortly after angiography were studied. Each patient was placed into one of three clinical categories of angina pectoris. Twelve were classified as having unstable angina pectoris, 20 as stable severe angina, and 15 as stable moderate angina. No significant difference was found between the three catagories whem age, sex, presence of hypertension, lipid abnormalities, diabetes, smoking, family history of myocardial infarction, or history of previous mycardial infarction were examined. Most patients in all classes of angina had extensive atherosclerotic coronary disease: 12 patients had triple vessel plus left main disease; 25, triple vessel disease; nine double vessel disease; and only one, single vessel disease. There was no difference in severity or distribution of coronary disease when the three catagories of angina were compared. Thirty-six of the 47 patients had evidence of scarring of one or more aspects of the left ventricular wall. There was likewise no significant difference between extent and distribution of myocardial scarring between the three clinical categories. Four of the 12 patients with unstable angina pectoris had pathologic evidence of preoperative myocardial infarction, whereas this was not found in any of the 35 patients with stable angina. PMID- 1132097 TI - Hemodynamic and prognostic findings in patients with transmural and nontransmural infarction. AB - One hundred and eleven patients with transmural (TMI) and 49 with nontransmural myocardial infarction (NTMI) underwent hemodynamic investigation within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. Patients with NTMI were subdivided into those with ST segment or T-wave changes alone with a normal QRS complex (NTMI-A) and a group with QRS abnormalities that did not satisfy the criteria for TMI (NTMI-B). Those with TMI had a significantly higher peak creatine phosphokinase (CPK) than those with NTMI: 840 plus or minus 99 and 336 plus or minus 69, respectively, P smaller than 0.05. There was not difference in peak CPK between those with NTMI-A and B. The incidence of arrhythmias and cardiac failure, and routine hemodynamic findings except for left ventricular filling pressure were similar in those with TMI and NTMI. There was not significant difference in in-hospital mortality between those with TMI (22%) and NTMI (33%). There was however a significant difference in in-hospital mortality between those with NTMI-A (0%) and NTMI-B (27%, P smaller than 0.05). The late mortality in those surviving their initial hospitalization was also not different between those with TMI (18%) and NTMI (19%) during a mean follow-up period of 20.2 months. In contrast to the in hospital mortality those with NTMI-A had a late mortality similar to those with NTMI-B and those with TMI. PMID- 1132098 TI - Compensatory changes of the distal coronary vascular bed during progressive coronary constriction. AB - The degree and effectiveness of compensatory changes in the distal coronary vascular bed during progressive proximal coronary stenosis have not been described. In this study, coronary vascular bed resistance and pressure gradient flow relationships were determined for 157 different stenoses in nine opened chest dogs by measuring coronary flow, aortic pressure, and coronary pressure distal to a coronary constrictor while flow was varied from resting to maximal values by the intracoronary injection of Hypaque-M, 75% (previously shown to cause transient, maximal vasodilatation comparable to ten second occlusion). This approach provided a means of hemodynamically characterizing coronary stenoses in a standary, experimental manner for quantitative analysis of different arteries at different flow rates as found in the intact coronary circulation. The results show that 1) pressure gradient-flow characteristics or hydraulic resistance of stenoses do not become abnormal enough to alter normal resting coronary flow nor to elicit compensatory changes for stenoses up to constriction of approximately 60% of the diameter, 2) compensatory vasodilatation of the distal coronary vascular bed maintains near normal resting flow for lesions between 60% and 85% diameter stenosis but adaptive vasodilatation fails to compensate for the high resistance of lesions greater than 85% diameter stenosis, and 3) there is vasodilator reserve still present when total coronary artery flow is reduced below normal by a stenosis. This vasodilator reserve probably exists in the epicardium since the endocardium is characteristically underperfused due to the low coronary pressure caused by stenosis and is therefore likely to be maximally vasodilated with no remaining vasodilator reserve. PMID- 1132099 TI - Influence of hypertonic mannitol on ventricular performance and coronary blood flow in patients. AB - The influence of a relatively small increase in serum osmolality produced by hypertonic mannitol on ventricular and systemic arterial hemodynamics and coronary blood flow was studied in 20 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Mannitol given to increase serum osmolality 10 mOsm resulted in a small but significant increase in mean systemic arterial pressure, maximum LV dp/dt, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and cardiac output but no significant change in heart rate or hematocrit. The most prominent change in the patients studied, however, was in coronary blood flow which increased 39% after mannitol. Patients with severe two and three vessel coronary artery disease had increased in coronary blood flow similar to those in patients without coronary artery disease. The data suggest the need to further evaluate the physiological importance of the increase in coronary blood flow produced by mannitol in patients with coronary artery disease and indicate the possibility that mannitol might be of value in treating certain problems in patients with coronary artery disease, PMID- 1132100 TI - Continuous recording of direct arterial pressure in unrestricted patients. Its role in the diagnosis and management of high blood pressure. AB - We have compared casual indirect measurements of arterial pressure obtained 1) by the general practitioner (GP) and 2) in the outpatient clinic (OPC) with 24 hour continuous recording of direct arterial pressure in two selected group of unrestricted patients. 1) Eight asymptomatic, untreated patients with suspected hypertension. 2) Eight asymptomatic, treated patients whose indirect pressure readings seemed inappropriately high when considered against a general absence of target organ damage. Both groups showed that usually there was good agreement between arterial pressure recorded indirectly by GP and OPC while continuous recording showed wide variability of systolic and diastolic pressures over 24 hours and a significant fall during sleep. The first groups with suspected hypertension showed that the indirect measurements were not significantly different from the 24 hour direct recording. The second group of patients on treatment for hypertension showed a discrepancy, the direct readings being significantly lower than the indirect. This difference (approixmately 30 mm Hg mean arterial pressure) would explain the lack of target organ damage and may have been due to the effect of exercise augmenting the hypotensive action of drugs or due to a well developed defense reflex which biased the indirect readings. PMID- 1132101 TI - Smoking and fibrinolysis. AB - In order to study the fibrinolytic activity of vein walls in smokers and nonsmokers, 71 randomly selected heavy smokers, i.e., smoking more than 15 g tobacco per day, and 41 nonsmokers from the population group "Men born in 1914 residing in Malmo" were invited to undergo a health examination. When examined after 12 hours' abstention from tobacco, the smokers were found to have the same fibrinolytic activity as nonsmokers. Out of the 71 heavy smokers, 31 refrained from smoking during 8-9 weeks (as monitored with questionaire and COHb determinations). Neither in those who had abstained from smoking nor in the controls did the fibrinolytic activity differ from that initially recorded. In a randomly selected subsample of 19 individuals examined after only one week's abstention from tobacco, the fibrinolytic activity, after venous occlusion of forearms, tended to be lower in the blood as well as in superficial hand veins, but the difference was not significant. The effect of smoking six cigarettes during three hours was measured. This level of smoking was associated with an increased fibrinolytic activity in blood, measured as euglobulin clot lysis time, and in superficial hand veins. This increase is probably due to the combined effects of nicotine and carbon monoxide. PMID- 1132102 TI - Great vessel, cardiac chamber, and wall growth patterns in normal children. AB - The purpose of this study was to establish normal echocardiographic measurements of valvular motion, cavity dimensions, great vessel diameters, and right, left and septal wall thicknesses of children ranging in size from infants to full growth. The study group was composed of 205 normal, healthy children for whom echocardiograms and subsequent measurements were performed in a standardized manner. The following measurements were performed: left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimension, right ventricular end-diastolic cavity dimension, right ventricular end-diastolic anterior wall thickness, left ventricular end diastolic posterior wall thickness, ventricular septal end-diastolic thickness, maximal left atrail dimension, end-diastolic aortic and pulmonary artery diameter, end-diastolic cardiac and septal depth, maximal aortic leaflet separation, and maximal anterior mitral and anterior tricupsid amplitude. Data are grouped into the fifth, fiftieth, and ninety-fifty percentiles according to body surface area. These graphs allow measurements of a single patient to be compared to normal measurements of individuals with similar body surface area. PMID- 1132103 TI - The basis for differences in ethanol-induced myocardial depression in normal subjects. AB - The acute effects of ethanol (ETOH) on cardiac function in 32 normal subjects has been studied utilizing systolic time intervals. Seven (group I) 13 (group II), and 12 subjects (group III), reported an average daily consumption of less than 1 oz, 1-2 oz, and more than 2 oz of ETOH, respectively. Progressively higher control values from group I to group III in PEP, PEPI, ICT and PET/LVET were observed (PEP-I vs PEPI-III: P smaller than 0.05; PEP/LVET-I vs PEP/LVET-II and PEP/LVET-III: P smaller than 0.05). There was progressively less change in these variables following acute ETOH (P smaller than 0.02-0.05 in group I; P equals NS in group III, group II intermediate). This indicates some degree of chronic myocardial impairment in group II and especially in group III, which tends to be proportionate to the degree of chronic ETOH exposure. These data are not necessarily disparate with previous reports of little or even a salutary hemodynamic effect of ETOH in normal subjects. Thus, the relative stability of LVET post ETOH, coupled with the observed increase in heart rate, is consistent with previous reports of ETOH-induced rate-dependent increments in cardiac output with unchanging stroke volumes, in spite of the presence of acute myocardial depression. The observations reported herein demonstrate the probable incremental influence of ETOH consumption in a chain of events which may culminate in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 1132104 TI - Letter: Nonsurgical closure of PDA. PMID- 1132105 TI - Letter: On prophylactic pacing. PMID- 1132106 TI - Letter: 2 papers on BBB during tachycardia. PMID- 1132107 TI - Letter: Heparin and arterial thrombosis in children. PMID- 1132108 TI - The effects of right atrial and ventricular pacing on the auscultatory findings in patients with mitral valve prolapse. AB - Fifteen patients with midsystolic clicks associated with mitral valve prolapse were studied in order to assess changed in ausculatatory findings produced by pacing-induced variations in cardiac rate, rhythm, and conduction. As the heart rate was increased in stepwise intervals to the maximum possible extent by right atrial pacing (RAP) in 14 patients, the interval between the Q wave and the click (Q-C) decreased in all cases (21 plus or minus msec/10 beats/min; P smaller than 0.001). In two patients, RAP at rates of and above 118 and 159 per minute, respectively, resulted in disappearance of the click. During right ventricular pacing (RVP) without evidence of atrioventricular (A-V) dissociation on the surface ECG in ten patients, the click was inaudible at all pacing rates in three instances. In all seven of the cases in which the click was audible at the lowest rate of RVP with VA conduction, Q-C was greater and C-S2 less than that in sinus rhythm. As the rate of RVP was increased, Q-C was noted to decrease (26 plus or minus 4 msec/10 beats/min) and C-S2 to increase (19 plus or minus 7 msec/10 beats/min) in all patients. In three patients in whom RVP induced atrioventricular dissociation, the click was seen only in beats closely preceded by a P wave. In ten of 11 patients the click occurred earlier in systole with a postextrasystolic or post tachycardia beat as compared to its appearance after a sinus beat when a shorter preceding diastolic filling period was present (P smaller than 0.001). In the eleventh patient a loud systolic murmur was present during a postextrasystolic cycles. It is concluded that pacing-induced rhythm disturbances can result in disappearance of a midsystolic click or can alter its timing and cause it to mimic sonic phenomena seen in other disease states. The possibility of similar changes taking place as a result of spontaneously occurring disturbances of rate, rhythm, and conduction should be recognized in order that the possible diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse not be overlooked. PMID- 1132109 TI - Unusual examples of supraventricular re-entrant tachycardias. AB - Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart uncovered unusual findings in four patients suffering from supraventricular tachycardias. They included 1) two supraventricular tachycardias of different location and frequency in the same patient, 2) increase in rate of a re-entrant atrioventricular (A-V) nodal tachycardia followed by the development of 2-to-1 A-V block, 3) a "gap" in A-V conduction and A-V nodal re-entrant tachycardia with 2-to-1 A-V block, and 4) the initiation of atrial re-entrant tachycardia by ventricular premature beats. The examples are given to help elucidate the understanding of mechanisms involved in re-entrant tachycardias and to localize the site of the re-entry circuit. PMID- 1132110 TI - Report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. Optimal resource guidelines for radioactive tracer studies of the heart and circulation. AB - The status of radioactive tracer studies in cardiovascular diagnosis is summarized. Planning guidelines are suggested for a hospital nuclear medical service including a central nuclear medical facility and satellite units, and resource criteria are given for professional personnel including training and duties, equipment, space, and support system. The administrative organization of a nuclear medical service and case loads are discussed. Guidelines for equipment maintenance and quality controls are described. PMID- 1132111 TI - A sensitivity analysis of enzymatic estimation of infarct size. PMID- 1132112 TI - Cardiopulmonary bypass. Microembolization and platelet aggregation. AB - Particulate microemboli and in vitro platelet aggregation were studied in blood of patients during cardiac operations with an electronic particle size analyzer. A small gradient of microemboli developed on passage of blood through a bubble oxygenator but not through a membrane oxygenator. However, with both types of oxygenators, there was a sustained increase in the volume of microemboli in cardiotomy return blood which was much greater than in aterial blood. After cardiopulmonary bypass with both oxygenators, there was a comparable reduction in the volume of circulating platelets which exceeded that of the hemoglobin concentration, indicating platelet loss exceeded that that expected from hemodilution alone. However, the total volume and mean size of platelet aggregates induced in blood of patients after membrane oxygenation was significantly greater than similar measurements after bubble oxygenation. This study shows that membrane oxygenation reduces particulate microembolization and preserves platelet function in patients undergoing cardiac operations when compared to bubble oxygenation. PMID- 1132113 TI - Surgical management of large bronchial collateral arteries with pulmonary stenosis or atresia. AB - Single or multiple large bronchial collateral arteries may provide all or some of the pulmonary arterial blood flow in patients with proximal atresia of the pulmonary artery, and even in patients with only pulmonary stenosis. At the time of corrective surgery such arteries must be ligated in order to provide favorable operating conditions, to avoid cardiac overdistention during repair, and to prevent left-to-right intrapulmonary shunting postoperatively. Their ligation and control require precise preoperative definition of their number, origin, and course, and special intraoperative methods for their exposure. Associated hypoplasia of the pulmonary arteries may be severe enough to preclude corrective operation, but these hypoplastic arteries may enlarge in response to increase of blood flow through them resulting from a surgically created shunt. Experience with 14 surgically managed cases of this type forms the basis for the report. PMID- 1132114 TI - Blood calcium levels in the presence of arteriographic contrast material. AB - One of the complications of coronary angiography is a sudden and persistant fall in blood pressure. This may be due to the presence of calcium chelating agents in the vehicle of the radio-opaque compounds. Depressed ambient calcium levels are associated with decreased myocardial contractility and when low enough cause electromechanical dissociation. Simultaneous measurements of radial artery and coronary sinus ionized calcium levels in nine patients during intracoronary injection of the contrast agent revealed a lowering of the level of ionized calcium in the coronary sinus to a point that can be expected to be associated with a decrease in myocardial contractility. This ionized calcium depression was more marked and prolonged in patients with arteriosclerosis, some reaching levels which, if persistent, could result in electromechanical dissociation. PMID- 1132115 TI - Left ventricular wall motion response to intravenous propranolol. AB - The effects of intravenous propranolol on left ventricular wall motion and hemodynamics were studied in 16 patients, 12 with significant coronary artery disease and four with chest pain but no coronary disease. Eight patients received 0.10 mg/kg and eight received 0.15 mg/kg of propranolol intravenously. All underwent atrial pacing at a constant rate. Left ventricular angiograms were performed before and 20 minutes after propranolol. At both doses, propranolol caused no significant change in left ventricular systolic or diastolic pressures, either before or immediately following ventriculography. Cardiac index fell significantly (3.4 plus or minus 0.2 [SEM] to 2.6 plus or minus 0.1 L/min/m-2) with the higher dose only. Of the ten patients with coronary artery disease and adequate ventriculograms, one patient had a normal left ventricle, two had regional hypokinesis, only three had areas of hypokinesis and akinesis, two had dyskinetic and akinetic areas, and two had areas of hypokinesis, akinesis and dyskinesis. No changes in regional contractility occurred with propranolol except for a minimal increase in hypokinesis in one patient at each dosage and equivocal development of a new area of slight hypokinesis in one patient and minimal apex of dyskinesis in another at the higher dosage. Of the four patients without coronary artery disease, two were affected by propranolol, one with initial regional akinesis and dyskinesis had slight worsening with propranolol and one with regional hypokinesis developed a definite new area of hypokinesis. Therefore, propranolol, even in large intravenous doses, resulted in no significant change in left ventricular wall motion in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 1132116 TI - Systemic hemodynamic effects of bethanidine in essential hypertension. AB - Although available elsewhere, bethanidine remains under study in the U.S. and its hemodynamic effects are unreported. Therefore, 29 patients with moderately severe essential hypertension received one of four oral dose levels (0.10, 0.25, 0.35, or 0.50 mg/kg) of the postganglionic sympatholytic drug. Blood pressure was reduced only in the 14 patients receiving the highest dose. This was demonstrated within three hours, first by a significant postural hypotension (upright tilt: +14 before vs -19 mm Hg after, P less than 0.001). This orthostatic hypotension effect was associated with a greater fall in cardiac output (13 vs 22%, P less than 0.025) and a diminished reflective increase in total peripheral resistance (19 vs 6%, P less than 0.01); an attenuated Valsalva maneuver overshoot in the supine position was also observed (42 vs 10%, P less than 0.001). Eight of these 14 patients demonstrated supine hypotension associated with either reduced output and/or resistance. Hence, bethanidine is a rather rapidly acting oral sympatholytic agent which reduces blood pressure by producing: (1) decreasec venous return (especially in upright position), suggesting venodilation; (2) arteriolar dilation (supine and upright) reducing peripheral vascular resistance; and (3) attenuated cardiovascular sympathetic reflective adjustments. PMID- 1132117 TI - Venous flow velocity, venous volume and arterial blood flow. AB - The relationship of arterial blood flow and venous volume to venous flow velocity was studied in normal subjects. The effects of current modes of treatment in venous thrombosis and of a vasodilator drug on venous flow velocity were also investigated. Total calf flow and venous volume were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography while venous flow axial velocity was determined by the transit time of 131-I albumin from calf to inguinal region. Local intravenous epinephrine administration induced venoconstriction and increased venous flow velocity. Intra arterial isoproterenol and angiotensin increased and decreased arterial flow, respectively, with no change in venous flow velocity of volume, but local heat increased arterial flow and venous flow velocity with no change in venous volume. Local cold, despite venoconstriction, decreased venous flow velocity accompanied by a decreased arterial flow. Intravenous heparin did not affect venous flow velocity. Intravenous but not oral nylidrin increased venous flow velocity. Therefore venous flow velocity can be significantly increased by venocontriction, by large increases in arterial flow (local heat), and by a parenteral vasodilator drug. These experiements indicate that there is a basis for applying heat but not cold in the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis. PMID- 1132118 TI - Blood pressure, sodium intake, and sodium related hormones in the Yanomamo Indians, a "no-salt" culture. AB - The Yanomamo Indians are an unacculturated tribe inhabiting the tropical equatorial rain forest of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela who do not use salt in their diet. The group therefore presented an unusual opportunity to study the hormonal regulation of sodium metabolism in a culture with life-long extreme restriction of dietary sodium, with parallel observations on blood pressure. Blood pressures increased from the first to second decade but, in constrast to civilized populations, do not systematically increase during subsequent years of life. In twenty-four hour urine collections on adult male Indians, excretion of sodium averaged only 1 plus or minus 1.5 (SD) mEq. Simultaneous plasma renin activities were elevated and comparable to those of civilized subjects placed for brief periods on 10 mEq sodium diets. Similarly, excretion rates of aldosterone equaled those of acculturated subjects on low sodium diets. The findings suggest that the hormonal adjustments to life-long low sodium intakes are similar to those achieved in acute sodium restriction of civilized man. Parenthetically, these elevated levels of aldosterone and renin were probably the norm for man during much of human evolution and suggest that the values observed in civilized controls are depressed by an excessive salt intake in contemporary diets. PMID- 1132119 TI - Evaluation of precordial electrocardiographic mapping as a means of assessing changes in myocardial ischemic injury. AB - Precordial electrocardiographic mapping has been proposed as a method for evaluating the extent of myocardial injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction. To assess the relationship between direct measures of myocardial cell damage and findings obtained by precordial mapping, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded in dogs instrumented for simultaneous recording of epicardial and precordial electrocardiograms. The sum in millivolts of ST-segment elevation recorded from 30 electrodes placed in a Silastic grid sutured to the epicardium (EPIsigmaST) was compared to that recorded from 30 precordial electrodes (PresigmaST). While ischemic injury was: 1) maintained constant with a fixed occlusion; 2) reduced by partial reperfusion; 3) increased by addition of a second occlusion; or 4) increased repeatedly by intermittent infusions of isoproterenol, EPIsigmaST and PresigmaST were always closely correlated in each of the 16 dogs studied: r equal 0.92 plus or minus 0.01 (SEM). In seven control dogs, 30 minutes after coronary occlusion, PresigmaST had fallen to 77.4 plus or minus 6.6% of its value 15 minutes postocclusion. In seven experimental dogs, two branches of the LAD were occluded. Fifteen minutes after double occlusion, one occlusion was released; 30 min after the initial occlusion PresigmaST had fallen significantly more than control, to 43.1 plus or minus 13.1% of its value 15 minutes postocclusion. Simultaneously, epicardial sites in the reperfused area also showed normalization of ST segments and 24 hours later exhibited normal myocardial creatine phosphokinase activity and normal histologic appearance. During the same experiment, the mean precordial R wave voltage of sites with ST-segment elevations exceeding 0.15 mV 15 minutes following occlusion fell significantly (P less than 0.05) more in the control group (from 1.14 plus or minus 0.15 to 0.75 plus or minus 0.06 mV) than in the reperfused group (from 1.06 plus or minus 0.09 to 0.96 plus or minus 0.17 mV) during the ensuing 45 minutes. Thus, more rapid normalization of PresigmaST or preservation of precordial R wave voltage reflected the actual prevention of myocardial necrosis by reperfusion. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of precordial electrocardiographic mapping for evaluation changes in myocardial ischemic injury. Sites at which appearance of epicardial ST segment is not a reliable index of ischemic injury were associated with the development of intraventricular conduction blocks with Q to intrinsic deflection intervals exceeding 40 mesc or QRS durations exceeding 65 msec; these changes were associated with precordial RSR' configurations. Such sites, whether recorded from precordial or epicardial leads, should be excluded from ST-segment measurements used in the assessment of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 1132120 TI - Digitalis and the sick sinus syndrome. Clinical and electrophysiologic documentation of severe toxic effect on sinus node function. AB - Digoxin, in a common clinical dose and at a low serum level, brought out severe manifestations of sinus node dysfunction in a patient who had previously undergone successful mitral valve replacement. This report presents the results of extensive clinical and electrophysiologic studies of this patient before and after a digoxin challenge. In the absence of cardiac glycoside, the only demonstrable abnormalities of sinus node function were mild resting sinus bradycardia and failure to respond to atropine administration. Responses to isoproterenol administration, programmed premature atrial stimulation, and overdrive pacing at several cycle lengths were normal. Following the administration of intravenous digoxin, 1.025 mg/24 hrs, the resting sinus cycle length increased and the response to overdrive pacing became markedly abnormal. The latter was followed by sinus pauses in excess of six seconds, even at relatively slow overdrive pacing rates. The electrophysiologic and clinical implications of these data are discussed. It is suggested that despite previous reports that digitalis preparations are relatively well tolerated by patients with sick sinus syndrome, caution should be used when administering these drugs to this group of patients. PMID- 1132121 TI - Coronary ostial stenosis. AB - Symptomatic, nonsyphilitic, acquired coronary ostial stenosis is a rare angiographic finding and was found in 0.13% of 3000 coronary angiograms. Three females with this lesion have been treated surgically. Two had left coronary ostial involvement. Coronary angiography may result in catheter tip occulsion of the ostium with chest pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis, systemic hypotension and abrupt fall in pressure at the catheter tip. Recognition of this entity is necessary for safe coronary angiography. Involvement of the left ostium carries the same serious prognosis as does left main coronary disease. PMID- 1132122 TI - The role of an accessory atrioventricular pathway in reciprocal tachycardia. Observations in patients with and without the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - To study the pathway of tachycardia in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and reciprocal tachycardias, results from intracavitary recordings and atrial and ventricular stimulation were reviewed in 71 patients with the WPW syndrome and 54 patients without pre-excitation. In all patients a reproducible tachycardia could be initated and terminated by appropriately timed electrical stimuli. The following findings were accepted as suggesting the participation of an accessory pathway in the tachycardia circuit: 1) no increase in ventriculo atrial conduction (V-A C) time following ventricular stimuli given with increasing prematurity; 2) activation of right or left atrium (depending upon the location of the atrial end of the accessory pathway) prior to activation of atrium in the His bundle lead; 3) slowing of tachycardia following bundle branch block to the ventricle in which the accessory pathway inserts; 4) V-A C time of early stimuli on the ventricle during the tachycardia equal to or less than the V A c time following QRS complexes during tachycardia; 5) inability to initiate tachycardia or slowing of tachycardia following the administration of drugs affecting the accessory pathway. Accepted as suggestive for atrioventricular (A V) nodal re-entry were the following factors: 1) activation of atrium following initiation of tachycardia by a single atrial premature beat after activation of the bundle of His but before or simultaneous with ventricular activation in first and subsequent beats of tachycardia; 2) initiation of tachycardia following a gradual increase in V-A C time with the appearance of a His bundle electrogram in between the premature beat and retrograde atrial activation; 3) gradual increase in V-A C time with the appearance of a His bundle electrogram following ventricular premature beats given with increasing prematurity; 4) two-to-one block distal to the A-V node or His bundle with persistance of tachycardia. If only positive findings were accepted, 51 patients of the WPW group used their accessory pathway during tachycardia. In eight patients re-entry was confined to the A-V node. In the remaining 12 patients the mechanism was not clear. Of the patients not showing pre-excitation in A-V direction, 47 patients seemed to have their re-entry circuit in the A-V node, five patients used an accessory pathway in V-A direction, and in two patients the pathway of tachycardia could not be identified. PMID- 1132123 TI - Arrhythmias in patients with mitral valve prolapse. AB - Resting ECGs, exercise treadmill tests and 24-hour ambulatory ECGs were recorded and analyzed in 24 unselected patients with mitral valve prolapse. Arrhythmias were frequent. There were three distinct groups of patients, defined on the basis of total number of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) during the 24 hours; there were no PVCs in 25%, and frequent PVCs in 50%. Complex ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia in five patients, were found almost exclusively in the group with frequent PVCs. Fifteen of the 24 patients demonstrated atrial premature contractions (APCs) during the 24 hours. Complex atrial arrhythmias were found among patients with infrequent, as well as those with frequent, APCs. Supraventricular tachycardia was detected in seven of these patients. The incidence of ACPs decreased during sleep in 67% of the patients and showed no change during sleep in 33%. A poor correlation was found between symptoms recorded in patient diaries and changes noted on 24-hour ECG recordings. The peak PVCs/15 min and peak ACPs/15 min during a 24-hour period of monitoring was found to be an excellent guide to the total number of PVCs and APCs occurring during that period. This permits an accurate prediction of the total number of PVCs in 24 hours after performing an exact PVC count on only 15 minutes of ECG data. Finally, the 24-hour ambulatory ECG was sensitive than the treadmill test and both were superior to the 12-lead ECG for detecting arrhythmias in these patients. PMID- 1132124 TI - Surgical bifascicular block. AB - Electrophysiological studies were performed in 18 patients who developed bifascicular block after repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) or tetralogy of Fallot (TF). Two had transient complete heart block (CHB) in the immediate postoperative period. The P-A intervals were normal in all. A-H and H-V intervals were prolonged in three and four cases, respectively. Atrial pacing at progressively increasing heart rates was performed in 15 patients; two developed type II block distal to the His bundle (H). The effective and functional refractory periods (ERP and FRP) of the atrium (11 cases) were normal in all. The ERP of the A-V node (seven cases) was prolonged in found and the FRP was increased in three. The ERP of the ventricular specialized conduction system was measured in two cases and was prolonged in one. In all, seven cases had abnormalities indicating disease of the A-V node and/or His-Purkinje system. Recording of intervals, atrial pacing, and determination of refractory periods (RPs) was necessary to reveal all conduction abnormalities. One patient died of unrelated causes. The others are alive and in sinus rhythm with intact conduction 3 to 16.5 years following surgery (mean follow-up of 8.3 plus or minus 0.95 years). The clinical course in patients with normal and abnormal findings was equally benign. Prophylactic insertion of demand pacemakers does not appear indicated in these patients. PMID- 1132125 TI - Letter: faster gas-chromatographic procedure for theophylline. PMID- 1132127 TI - Letter: more efficient use of electron-capture detectors. PMID- 1132126 TI - Letter: RIA of digoxin: bioconversion or interference? PMID- 1132129 TI - Letter: expressing results for enzymes (cont.). PMID- 1132128 TI - Letter: criticism of a selected method: propionylthiocholinesterase. PMID- 1132130 TI - The scope of mass spectrometry in clinical chemistry. AB - Several aspects of mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are reviewed, including ionization methods, repetitive scanning, selected ion monitoring, and stable isotope measurement. I discuss the application of these and other mass spectrometry methods to the investigation of compound classes relevant to clinical chemistry, to the assessment of inborn errors of metabolism, and to clinical studies. The latter include consideration of volatiles in body fluids, respiration and blood gases, stable-isotope applications, clinical toxicology, and drugs. PMID- 1132131 TI - Citrate synthesis by lymphocytes. AB - The important role of lymphocytes in humoral and cell-mediated immunity indicates that they need a readily available intracellular source of energy. Here, we demonstrate that these cells contain enzymes involved in citrate formation. The citrate is oxidized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to furnish energy. A newly devised, simple radiometric method was used to determine the condensation of labeled acetate or acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate to form citrate. The de novo synthesized citrate was oxidized to pentabromoacetone, and radioactivity of the resulting CO2 was directly related to the amount of citrate synthesized. Both lymphocytes from chronic lymphatic leukemia patients and cultured lymphoblasts possess this active citrate-synthesizing apparatus, although the lymphoblasts appeared to have a considerably higher activity, perhaps because they are larger. PMID- 1132132 TI - Computer-controlled automation of radioimmunoassay based on gel entrapment of antibody. AB - We describe a new, broadly applicable approach to radioimmunoassay. Solid-phase binding reagent is prepared by entrapping antibody in polyacrylamide gel. This gel is then fragmented, sieved, and dehydrated in 95 percent ethanol. Upon evaporation of the ethanol, the dry antibody-gel particles are dispensed into miniature disposable plastic columns. A unidirectional flowing stream configuration is used to construct a standard curve for the polypeptide hormone, angiotensin I, used here to exemplify the technique. Good reproducibility of this standard curve is demonstrated. The analytical system includes a computer controlled sample turntable, digital pipet, and liquid-switching assembly. PMID- 1132133 TI - Rapid analysis for theophylline in serum by use of high-pressure cation-exchange chromatography. AB - We have developed a quantitative assay for serum theophylline by high-pressure cation-exchange chromatography. As little as 0.1-ml aliquots of serum were prepared for analysis simply by diluting them with a solution of the internal standard (8-chlorotheophylline). Theophylline and the internal standard were eluted in 17 and 27.5 min, respectively, and the peaks for them were distinct from those of other xanthines and uric acids. We encountered no interference when we used: (a) plasma obtained from blood anticoagulated with citrate; (b) hemolyzed, lipemic, or icteric serum; or (c) 52 samples from patients who were receiving various other medications. An analysis of calibration suggested that errors greater than plus or minus 2.6 mg/liter, a clinically acceptable range, were highly unlikely. Sensitivity was sufficient to identify less than 2.5 mg/liter. This assay was compared with the usual method involving solvent extraction and absorbance measurement in the ultraviolet and found to have similar accuracy, although it is easier, faster, requires less sample, and potentially is more specific. PMID- 1132134 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic measurement of guanidino acids. AB - We present a method for separating and measuring guanidino acids by gas-liquid chromatography. Compared to ion-exchange techniques, this system is faster, more sensitive, requires smaller sample volumes, is independent of colorimetric reactions, and permits simultaneous determination of both amino and guanidino acids. N-Trifluoracetyl-n-butyl esters are formed and then are separated by using a column containing a mixed silicone liquid phase coated on Chromosorb W-HP. Analytical recoveries from plasma ranged from 86 to 112% and were done without prior protein precipitation. Speculations as to the cause of this interference by protein include coprecipitation, protein-binding, and cyclization of the guanidines in the acids used for denaturation. Evidence presented suggests that all three occur: ultrafiltrability is diminished in the presence of protein and nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrates cyclization of some of these esters. PMID- 1132135 TI - Rapid separation of plasma creatine kinase isoenzymes by batch adsorption on glass beads. AB - To separate the MM and MB creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzymes in small plasma samples, we developed a simple, rapid ion-exchange batch-adsorption procedure with "DEAE Glycophase" glass beads (Corning). All separative steps are performed in a single test tube and can be completed within a few minutes. Results of measurements of isoenzymes in plasma samples from patients with acute myocardial infarction were compared to those obtained with an independent quantitative assay method previously reported. Additional measurements were performed on standard plasma samples containing mixtures of MM and MB isoenzyme purified from human myocardium. Results by the two independent assay procedures agreed well, as did measured isoenzyme activities and activities predicted from the amounts of isoenzyme added. Activities in the fractions containing separated isoenzymes were measured by a direct kinetic fluorometric assay. MB activities in normal plasma averaged 1.6 plus and minus 0.28 U/liter (mean plus and minus SD). PMID- 1132136 TI - Evaluation of the revised serum calcium procedure used with the Du Pont automatic clinical analyzer. AB - We evaluated a revised serum calcium method (o-cresolphthalein complexone) used with the Du Pont aca. Our results correlated well with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. Within-run and day-to-day coefficients of variation were 0.5 and 1.5%, respectively. Color produced and calcium concentration are linearly related and the relation is not affected by hemolysis, lipemia, or icterus. PMID- 1132137 TI - Direct method for measuring lipoprotein-X in serum. AB - We describe a fast and easy method for routine quantitation of the abnormal lipoprotein, lipoprotein-X. The procedure is based on densitometry of precipitation areas obtained for it after serum electrophoresis in agar gel followed by precipitation with polyanions. The coefficient of variation was less than 3% in one series. Results were linearly related to concentration in the range 0.063 to 6.3 g/liter. PMID- 1132138 TI - Use of high-resolution open tubular glass capillary columns to separate acidic metabolites in urine. AB - We used high-resolution glass capillary columns to study the trimethylsilyl derivatives of some acidic metabolites found in pooled urine specimens form control and postpartum subjects. About 30 compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer techniques. In general, open tubular capillary columns effect better resolution of trimethylsilyl derivatives of organic acids than do conventional packed columns. GESE-30 proved to be a good general-purpose stationary phase, whereas OV-17 offered certain advantages in resolving aromatic acid components. PMID- 1132139 TI - Correction for spectral interference with determination of lead in blood by non flame atomic absorption spectrometry. AB - A non-flame atomizer incorporating a graphite tube and cup is used to determine lead in whole blood and packed erythrocytes. In a direct method, a 2-mu-l sample is treated in situ in the cup with 1 mu-l of concentrated nitric acid. The oxidized sample can then be dried, ashed, and atomized without leaving a residue. The nitric acid treatment obviates correction for nonselective absorption, something previously necessary in the determination of lead in blood by non-flame techniques. The resulting chemical conversion of the matrix compounds frees the lead atomic absorption peak from the spectral interference. Alternatively, a 50 mu-l sample of blood or erythrocytes is treated with 50 mu-l of concentrated nitric acid and a 1.5-mu-l aliquot is analyzed with use of the graphite tube. PMID- 1132140 TI - Rate of decrease in serum ethchlorvynol concentrations after extreme overdosage-a case study. AB - Ethchlorvynol is a commonly abused sedative hypnotic. I report here a seven-day study of serum ethchlorvynol concentrations in a patient who had received an extreme overdose. These concentrations were correlated with the patient's response to stimuli. Serum ethchlorvynol concentrations were logarithmically related to time, a fact that can be useful in predicting when a patient's serum ethchlorvynol concentration will return to a therapeutic concentration. In this case the decrease was about 35% per 24h. PMID- 1132141 TI - Venous serum, capillary serum, and capillary plasma compared for use in determination of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in capillary serum or plasma were significantly greater than in simultaneously assayed venous serum, the greatest differences being between capillary and venous serum. Although some difference is attributable to tissue fluid contributions, platelets seem to account for most of it, with possible small contributions from leukocytes. Capillary tube size and type appear to be important factors. We recommend that when capillary blood is to be used for enzyme assay, it should be processed as plasma. PMID- 1132142 TI - Inhibitory effect of fluoride on glucose tests with glucose oxidase strips. AB - Sodium fluoride was inadvertently added as a preservative to the urine of an eight-year-old boy with diabetes mellitus before urinary glucose was measured. On preliminary screening of the urine, the test by glucose oxidase paper reagent strip gave a negative reading for glucose, whereas quantitative urinary glucose assay by the coupled enzyme reaction (hexokinase-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) gave a glucose concentration of 81.5 g/liter. Inadvertent use of sodium fluoride as a urine preservative may cause a falsely negative result with the glucose tests involving oxidase. PMID- 1132143 TI - A new convenient, rapid and accurate method for determination of total lipids in feces. AB - 1. A new, simple and rapid colorimetric micromethod for determination of total lipids in the petroleum ether extract of feces is proposed. The method, based on the sulfophosphovanillin reaction, was found to be of satisfactory precision and accuracy. 2. The concentration of total lipids determined in meconium of 40 healthy newborns in the first five days of life, was 1 to 15 g/100 ml of feces. PMID- 1132144 TI - Studies on non-haemoglobin erythrocyte iron; the influence of haemolysis on plasma iron determinations. AB - Approximately 2% of iron contained in mouse erythrocytes is transferred into supernatant when haemolysed erythrocytes are precipitated with trichloroacetic acid. The component unprecipitable with trichloroacetic acid is probably bound predominantly to reticulocytes and it is larger the younger is the reticulocyte. Under the conditions of postirradiation suppression of erythropoiesis this component grows strongly and in the phase of overrecovery of erythropoiesis decreases. The numerical values determined in the paper can be used for a correction of the disturbing influence of haemolysis on concentration and radioactivity of plasma iron in the resting state of erythropoiesis, if a preliminary precipitation of a sample with trichloroacetic acid was carried out. PMID- 1132145 TI - Comparison of the chemical composition of glomerular and tubular basement membranes obtained from human kidneys of diabetics and non-diabetics. AB - Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and tubular basement membrane (TBM) were prepared from human kidneys of diabetics and non-diabetics, and their chemical composition was compared. GBM from diabetics contained a larger amount of hydroxyproline than that from non-diabetics, and smaller amounts of half-cystine, glucose, mannose and sialic acid. On the other hand, TBM from diabetics contained larger amounts of hydroxylysine, methionine, galactose, hexosamine and phospholipid phosphorus than non-diabetics, and smaller amounts of half-cystine, valine, leucine, lysine and histidine. No significant difference was observed in the contents of other components examined in this study between the corresponding membrane obtained from diabetics and non-diabetics. The observed changes may be due to alteration of the tissues in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 1132146 TI - Vitamin B-1, B-2 and B-6 deficiencies in geriatric patients, measured by coenzyme stimulation of enzyme activities. AB - The vitamin B-1, B-2 and B-6 nutritional status of 153 geriatric patients was determined by measurement of the activities of transketolase (TK), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) from hemolyzed erythrocytes before and after in vitro stimulation with their respective coenzymes. The change in enzyme activity after incubation of the hemolysate with the coenzyme was used to determine the activation coefficient, which was taken as an index for the vitamin B-1, B-2 and B-6 nutritional status. Determination of the normal values in 54 healthy blood donors showed that activation coefficients of TK greater than 1.27 indicated a biochemical vitamin B-1 deficiency. Activation coefficients of GR greater than 1.29 and GOT greater than 1.86 indicated, respectively, deficiencies of vitamins B-2 and B-6. On the basis of these findings 22.9% of the geriatric patients appeared to suffer from vitamin B 1 deficiency, 11.7% from vitamin B-2 deficiency and 19.0% from vitamin B-6 deficiency. Of the total number of patients, 44% showed a deficiency of one or more of these three vitamins. Oral administration of vitamin B-1 (20 mg/day), vitamin B-2 (10 mg/day) and vitamin B-6 (20 mg/day) for twelve days normalized nearly all activation coefficients. Determination of enzyme activities without coenzyme stimulation revealed significantly lower values in the deficient patients as compared with the blood donors. However, the distribution of activities for both groups overlapped to a great extent. Oral administration of vitamins raised the enzyme activities to normal values. PMID- 1132147 TI - [Changes of blood-flow properties in patients with chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of plasma viscosity in 37 patients with liver disease allowed their subdivision into three groups. Firstly, decreased viscosity (hypoviscosity) was found in patients with cirrhosis, marked portal hypertension and esophageal varices. Secondly, normal viscosity (normoviscosity) was found in patients with inactive cirrhosis without portal hypertension, and thirdly, increased viscosity (hyperviscosity) was found in patients with active cirrhosis and chronic progressive hepatitis. The concentrations of total serum protein, of fibrinogen and of IgG were found to influence plasma viscosity. A detailed differentiation revealed that increased plasma viscosity is caused by increased levels of IgG while decreased viscosity correlates with low fibrinogen levels. Furthermore a close correlation exists between plasma viscosity and the enzymatic activity of SGOT, SGPT and GLDH. In 5 patients with chronic progressive hepatitis treated with corticosteroids the plasma viscosity normalized in parallel with improvement of the hepato-cellular damage. These findings will be discussed in detail. Hyperviscosity might possibly serve as an additional parameter to characterize chronic progressive hepatitis and to indicate steroid treatment. PMID- 1132148 TI - Glucose consumption by red cells of diabetic patients and normal subjects. Effect of ethanol. AB - Glucose consumption was measured in the red cells of 15 diabetic patients and 13 normal subjects. The red cells were incubated in autologous serum with the glucose concentration adjusted to approximately 500 mg per 100 ml. Mean glucose consumption, both total and via the pentose phosphate pathway, by the red cells of the diabetic patients was not significantly different from that by the red cells of the normal subjects. Stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway with ascorbate or methylene blue similarly revealed no difference between the two groups. Exposure of the red cells to ethanol in the incubation medium had no discernible effect on total glucose consumption but caused a decrease in glucose consumption by the pentose phosphate pathway. An effect of ethanol on glucose consumption by the pentose phosphate pathway was not evident in the presence of ascorbate or methylene blue. No difference in response to ethanol by the red cells of the diabetic patients and normal subjects was observed. PMID- 1132149 TI - Some properties of alkaline-phosphatases in parenchymal and biliary tract cells separated from rat liver. AB - Livers of both normal and bile-duct ligated rats have been separated into parenchymal cells and fractions enriched in biliary tract cells. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase increases in both types of cells after occlusion of the bile duct but the increase is more marked in the case of parenchymal cells. The enzyme from parenchymal cells migrates as a single zone on electrophoresis, whereas additional zones of lower anodal mobility occur in extracts of biliary tract preparations. The alkaline phosphatase activity of the slower zones is significantly less stable to heat than that of the zone characteristic of parenchymal cells. It is postulated that the increase in heat stability of alkaline phosphate in extracts of whole rat liver after bile-duct ligation is due to an increase in the proportion of the more stable form of the enzyme predominant in parenchymal cells. PMID- 1132150 TI - An improved radioimmunoassay of serum gastrin using commercial kit. AB - Our experience with a commercially available kit for the measurement of serum gastrin has been reported. Significant non-specific interference was noted by the addition of serum contents in the assay which lead to erroneous results. Use of gastrin free serum as a diluent in the standard curve was found to improve the mean recovery of added gastrin. With this modification the procedure was evaluated for its clinical application. In 30 normal subjects, the fasting mean gastrin level was 78.7 plus or minus 31.9 (S.D.) pg/ml; in 18 of these individuals the postprandial mean level was 118.3 plus or minus 26.7 (S.D.) pg/ml. In 15 patients with pernicious anemia the mean level was 912 plus or minus 779 pg/ml; and in 4 patients with Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) syndrome the mean gastrin level was 1950 plus or minus 379 (S.D.) pg/ml. A significant rise in gastrin level was noted in patients with kidney failure during and after dialysis (p smaller than 0.05). PMID- 1132151 TI - Zinc and copper urinary excretions in children with burns and scalds. AB - The daily urinary losses of zinc and copper have been measured over periods of up to 12 days following thermal injury in 18 children. Comparison with measurements of zinc and copper excretions in 35 control children showed that after injury by burning or scalding, the urinary excretions of both metals were increased in many of the patients. After severe injury, high urinary outputs of zinc and copper persisted for up to two months following injury. PMID- 1132152 TI - Plasma amino acids and protein levels in chronic renal failure and changes caused by oral supplements of essential amino acids. AB - 1. Plasma amino acids and six proteins have been measured in patients with chronic renal failure receiving low protein diets before and after oral supplementation with essential amino acids. 2. All the patients on low protein diets had a lower percentage of essential amino acids in their plasma than normal subjects but after supplementation, plasma levels increased significantly with minimal increase in non-essential amino acids or urea nitrogen. 3. Mean levels of plasma transferrin, complement C3 and globulin Gc were lower and plasma prealbumin higher in patients than in normal subjects. Plasma complement C4 and albumin were not different from normal. 4. Seven out of nine patients who tolerated the supplementation showed a significant increase in plasma transferrin, prealbumin and complement C3 but not in complement C4, globulin Gc or albumin. 5. Correlations between the percentage of essential amino acids and each of plasma transferrin, prealbumin and complement C3 and also between several of the plasma proteins further substantiate their value in the assessment of dietary intake in chronic renal failure. 6. The value of amino acid supplementation on low protein diets in chronic renal failure is discussed in relation to these observations. PMID- 1132153 TI - Plasma carnosinase deficiency in patients with urea cycle defects. AB - A complete absence of plasma carnosinase activity was observed in a series of patients with proven urea cycle defects. This finding could not be explained by age of patients, low protein intake, or inhibition of the enzyme by glutamine or carbamyl phosphate. PMID- 1132154 TI - Determination of iron and unsaturated iron-binding capacity in serum with ferrozine. PMID- 1132155 TI - A method for automatic measurement of lactase and sucrase. PMID- 1132156 TI - Adrenocortical response during examination. AB - The stressful effect of a written and oral examination was studied in twenty-two doctors sitting a postgraduate examination. The rise in the plasma cortisol was not significant in the written examination and reverted to normal values after an hour. On the other hand, there was a significant rise in the plasma cortisol during the oral examination with a pre-entry rise in blood sugar and a fall in alpha-amino nitrogen. It is concluded that whereas a written examination is not a stressful situation, an oral examination is stressful enough to be comparable to rowing and flying. PMID- 1132157 TI - Incontinentia pigmenti. AB - Four new cases of incontinentia pigmenti are presented, including chromosome studies of one family. An increased number of chromosome breakages was found in the blood of affected as well as unaffected members of this family. PMID- 1132158 TI - A new form of hereditary short limbed dwarfism with microcephalus. AB - Siblings, one female and one male, were each born approximately 1 month prematurely and showed microcephalus, shortness, and short limbs plus a receding forehead and one peculiarly positioned small toe. Each failed to thrive, and neither made any developmental progress beyond the newborn status. Each exhibited a similar leukemoid reaction, and one died of respiratory infection at 3 months, the other of seizures and central nervous system infection at 5 months. At autopsy, each had a small brain, hydrocephalus, and bony anomaly of the cranium, the one of the posterior fossa and the other of the foramen magnum; in addition, one had absence of the corpus callosum. The long bones were considered atypical of chondrodystrophy. The combination of midly shortened bones of the extremities, moderately anomalous ribs, and slightly flattened vertebrae with microcrania does not resemble any of the previously recognized forms of short limbed dwarfism. We propose determination by a single, rare, autosomal recessive gene. The parents had greatly different ancestry and their apparent heterozygosity for such a gene made their mating particularly unusual. PMID- 1132159 TI - A familial F/G translocation [t(p-; 22q+)] observed in three generations. AB - A family is described in which a translocation between chromosomes 20 and 22 has been observed in three generations. Two first cousins with remarkably similar malformations and mental retardation have identical karyotypes which, after chromosome banding, were interpreted as partially trisomic for the short arm of chromosome No. 20. PMID- 1132160 TI - Cystic fibrosis heterozygote detection: a study on a normal population. AB - Detection of the cystic fibrosis (CF) heterozygote by testing for cystic fibrosis factor activity (CFFA) in serum samples using bioassays had been reported to give unreliable results. The present study was undertaken to find whether the use of medium from short term white blood cell or skin fibroblast cultures, rather than serum, as the test sample would eliminate such inconsistencies. Short term white blood cell cultures were established from 107 normal, healthy individuals. Cultures from 97 had no CFFA, six (No. 1-6) showed variable results and four (No. 7-10) had activity in all four tests done on a single sample. When the assays were repeated 3 months later on new cultures from these four positive CFFA individuals, two showed activity (Nos. 7 & 9) and two did not (Nos. 8 & 10). All 10 individuals whose cultures showed CFFA has histories of allergies. The association of CFFA in the culture medium derived from individuals having allergies with the intermittent presence of this activity suggested that environmental factors induced a CFF-like activity in such white blood cell cultures. The oyster ciliary assay, using medium from white blood cell cultures, cannot be used for screening for the CF heterozygote since the substitution of culture medium for serum did not eliminate inconsistent results and CFFA was not specific by this assay for the CF gene. Of the fibroblast lines established from the four persons whose initial white blood cell cultures consistently showed CFFA, only one (No. 7) showed the CF culture phenotype (CFFA positive and metachromasia). PMID- 1132161 TI - A new case of the trisomy 9P syndrome. Report of a patient with unusual chromosome findings (46,XX/47,XX, + i (9p) and a peculiar congenital heart defect. AB - A girl is described for whom an unusual chromosome constitution was found and who had a peculiar congenital heart defect. The girl showed the main clinical features of the trisomy 9p syndrome, such as psychomotor retardation, microcephaly and brachycephaly, enophthalmos, antimongoloid eye slant, hypertelorism, abnormal ears, a globulous nose, downward slanting mouth, hypoplasia of phalanges and abnormal palmar creases. In addition, the girl had an incomplete harelip, a cleft palate and a peculiar congenital heart defect, a ventricular septal defect with pulmonary valve stenosis and a marked hypoplasia of the pulmonary trunk, including the bifurcation. Chromosome analysis revealed a mosaicism with normal and abnormal mitoses (47 chromosomes). The extra chromosome was a metacentric E16-like chromosome, which on the basis of the G, R, Q and Giemsa-11-banding could be identified as an isochromosome of the short arm of chromosome 9 (46,XX/47,XX, +i (9) (pter leads to cen leads to pter)). The patient consequently had a partial tetrasomy of the short arm of chromosome 9. PMID- 1132162 TI - Familial primary vesicoureteral reflux. AB - Two families with all children affected by primary vesicoureteral reflux are reported. Both sets of parents were examined and only in one family the mother was also affected by unilateral reflux. This congenital lesion has only recently been recognized as a common disease, but because diagnosis depends on voiding cystography, it is not made until the child or adult becomes symptomatic or presents with end-stage renal disease. As most cases are sporadic, a multiple factorial mode of inheritance is most probable, but an autosomal dominant or recessive gene cannot be excluded as the cause of the disease in some families. It is recommended that all first degree relatives of the patients should be investigated, in order to detect asymptomatic cases of this condition, which is likely to cause progressive renal damage and may have fatal termination due to renal failure. PMID- 1132163 TI - Isochromosome for the short arm of X: a human mosaic 45,x/46,XXpi. AB - An 18 year female patient with short stature, amenorrhoea and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics, has subnormal oestrogen excretion and increased levels of plasma gonadotrophin. Laparoscopy revealed streak ovaries. A reduced number of buccal mucosal cells showed positive sex chromatin. Chromosome studies of blood lymphocytes indicated mosaicism: the major cell line was characterized by an isochromosome for the X short arm, 46,XXpi; the minor cell line had a single X chromosome, 45,X. PMID- 1132164 TI - An XX male: cytogenetic and endocrine studies. AB - A 3 year old black male with ambiguous genitalia had a 46, XY karyotype in a bone marrow culture and an intermediate buccal smear result, suggestive of a mosaic of chromatin positive and chromatin negative cells. Upon re-evaluation at age 15 years, he has a 30% positive buccal smear and a 46, XX karyotype in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes, skin fibroblasts, bone marrow, and testis. No Y body fluorescence was detectable in interphase cells from the testicular biopsy or the various cultures. The testicular biopsy appeared similar to that of XXY males, and primary hypogonadism was documented by elevated LH (107 mIU/ml) and FSH (57 mIU/ml) levels in conjunction with low testosterone (142 ng/100 ml). Administration of hCG produced qualitatively normal acute responses of testosterone and estrogens. The cytogenetic data provide support for the theory that at least some XX males once had a Y-containing cell line which was subsequently lost. PMID- 1132165 TI - A possible major contribution to mental retardation in the general population by the gene for microcephaly. AB - In a study of 13 families with genetic microcephaly, it was found that 11 of 24 parents (two fathers not ascertained) and 11 of 33 non-microcephalic siblings were of subnormal intelligence. In a rare autosomal recessive condition, all parents and two-thirds of unaffected siblings are presumed carriers of the gene. It so, nearly 50% of all presumed heterozygotes in the present study were mentally retarded. The proportion agrees well with the other major study of microcephaly in North America, but differs from the Dutch study. On the basis of pooled data from the three studies and the estimated incidence of 1:40000 for genetic microcephaly, it is postulated that (1) about 0.34% of the general population is mentally retarded because it is carrying the gene for microcephaly and (2) about one of nine mentally retarded individuals is heterozygous for the gene for microcephaly. PMID- 1132166 TI - Familial D/D translocation t(13q;14q). Eight members in four generations. AB - Eight family members spanning four generations were found to have 45 chromosome count D/D trnaslocation identified by Giemsa-trypsin banding as t(13q;14q). The only mature male is believed to be infertile on the basis of a very low sperm count with reduced motility. This is believed to be related to the chromosome aberration and not to be coincidental. Aside from this, all were clinically normal except the index case, a young girl with unusual facies and moderate to severe retardation of growth and development. It is believed that her abnormalities were coincidental to the chromosome translocation and fortuitous in locating this family and initiating the pedigree. This example of essentially benign (some males are fertile) Robertsonian centric fusion in humans lends itself to interesting speculations about the results from chance matings between such translocation carriers. PMID- 1132167 TI - Genetics of acheiropodia (the handless and footless families of Brazil). AB - The acheiropodia data are shown to be consistent with the hypothesis of a fully penetrant gene in the homozygous state. The expressivity is shown to be generally constant, with some minor variation between individuals as well as between the two sides of the same affected person. PMID- 1132168 TI - Case report: Subpleural lipoma. PMID- 1132169 TI - Scanning and angiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. AB - Lung scanning is a safe and simple procedure which, when correlated with chest roentgenograms and clinical picture, is a valuable tool in diagnosing pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary arteriography is a valuable diagnostic procedure and should be employed when serious doubt exists as to the presence or absence of pulmonary emboli. It should also be used whenever surgical treatment is under consideration. PMID- 1132170 TI - An evaluation of cervical and lumbar discography. AB - Discography as a diagnostic method is not a panacea and has distinct limitations. It should not replace myelography but is a useful adjunct, particularly in those cases in which myelography has not been helpful and in which conservative management has failed to produce improvement. It is particularly helpful in determining the level of fusion and selection of patients with cervical disks that need to be fused. PMID- 1132171 TI - The use of tomography in the diagnosis of skeletal disorders. AB - Tomography has definite proven value as a technique in studying objects obscured by overlying shadows. It is an adjunct study to conventional radiographs when the necessary detail for diagnosis is lacking in the routine examination. Particularly in skeletal tumors, tomography can be helpful in disclosing lesions too small to be noticed in the routine radiograph or resolve details in question in the conventional film that are pertinent to the diagnosis. This technique has also been of great benefit in detailing the anatomic structures of the spine, temporomandibular joints and sternoclavicular articulations. It has been of particular value in the evaluation of fracture-healing or the presence of pseudarthrosis and arthritis affecting the larger joints of the body. PMID- 1132172 TI - Fluoride-18 scintigraphy in avascular necrotic disorders of bone. AB - Fluoride-18 scintigraphy is a simple, safe method for evaluating perfusion to bone, and obviates objections to earlier techniques. The scintillation camera with positron detection represents a unique instrumentation system because of its tomographic effect, relative insensitivity to vascular radioactivity in the surrounding skeleton, and excellent spatial resolution despite low counting efficiency. In 75 patients with avascular disorders about the hip, knee, elbow, foot and hand, the impressions obtained from fluoride-18 scintigraphy were correlated with clinical findings and roentgenograms and when possible confirmed by tetracycline labeling and histological examination. Fluoride-18 scintigraphy was useful: in determining the vascularity of the femoral head following femoral neck fractures; in determining results of treatment; and in diagnosing early the various avascular necrotic disorders of the bone. PMID- 1132173 TI - 18-F scintimetric diagnosis of osteoid osteoma of the carpal scaphoid bone. AB - In a patient with symptoms suggestive of osteoid osteoma of the carpal scaphoid, 18-F scintimetry supported the diagnosis in the absence of clear cut roentgenographic signs. High concentration of 18-F in the area of the lesion allowed direct surgical approach and extirpation. The diagnosis was proven by histology. PMID- 1132174 TI - A single stage osteotomy and epiphysiodesis for treatment of moderately displaced femoral capital epiphyses. AB - Epiphysiodesis and subtrochanteric osteotomy have long been recognized as valuable procedures in the treatment of the patient with a moderately or markedly displaced femoral capital epiphysis. Typically these have been performed individually or sequentially. The operation herein described combines the two in one single-stage procedure. Using a stainless steel Lorenzo Screw, the epiphyseal plate is transfixed and further capital displacement prevented. The subtrochanteric compensatory osteotomy is performed using simple visual clinical guidelines and is held rigidly immobilized with a variable angle sideplate affixed to the Lorenzo Screw. The firm fixation enables one to dispense with plaster immobilization and begin the patient on an early exercise program. Restoration of a more normal range of motion, especially regarding rotation internally, abduction, and flexion is easily obtained. Radiographic correction of varus and posterior tilting are thereby secured. PMID- 1132175 TI - Epithelioid sarcoma involving bone. AB - This is a report of a case of extension of an epithelioid sarcoma into the medullary cavity-a fact that may alter the relatively good prognosis of this entity, and seems not to have been reported previously. It is important to add epithelial sarcoma to the differential diagnosis of tumor masses on the extremities. A cure may be achieved by wide local excision at an early stage of the disease. PMID- 1132176 TI - Roentgenographic detection of preventable occult pseudarthrosis in treatment of scoliosis. AB - Occut pseudarthrosis is the most likely cause of loss of correction of scoliosis. Prompt detection by serial roentgenograms and treatment of occult pseudarthrosis can prevent deformities which could develop with further spinal growth. PMID- 1132177 TI - A new patella prosthesis. Design and application. AB - The new patella prosthesis design is based on an anatomical study of 80 arthritic patellas and on the normal patellofemoral contact area under loading in cadaver knees. The metal dome-shaped prosthesis is attached by a central pin. The patellar prosthesis is constructed either of metal or plastic for use in combination with the Hospital for Special Surgery design of total knee prosthesis. Methylmethacrylate is used to supplement the fixation after resection of the abnormal patellar articular surface. The fixation tests gave excellent laboratory results for contact area and stability. The prosthesis has been used in 19 cases with encouraging early results. PMID- 1132179 TI - The Mitchell distal metatarsal osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus. AB - Many of the fair and poor results are directly traceable to errors in technique. Patient selection is also important. The operation can be done in adolescents since there is no growth plate at the distal end of the first metatarsal. We do not currently recommend this procedure for those over 60, for those with first metatarsophalangeal osteoarthritis or hallux rigidus or for those with moderate or severe rheumatoid arthritis. For these patients we usually do a Keller excisional arthroplasty. Our use of the osteotomy-bunionectomy operation for the patient with hallux valgus with an associated metatarsalgia or short first metatarsal has now become more cautious. We feel that the operation is not indicated for those with significant preoperative metatarsalgia, especially if the first metatarsal is shorter than the second, or for those whose first metatarsal is more than 4 or 5 millimeters shorter than the second, regardless of preoperative metatarsalgia. In these patients a McBride procedure or a proximal opening-wedge osteotomy is done. PMID- 1132178 TI - Degeneration and rupture of the Achilles tendon. AB - An analysis was perfomed on 32 operative cases of Achilles tendon disease. Two patient classifications emerged. One group suffering an acute rupture of the Achilles tendon with no antecedent complaints, and the second group had a history of chronic pain, weakness and functional loss. This latter group could be further differentiated by the occurrence of tendon failure in 10 of 22 cases. Surgical exploration in the group with chronic complaints demonstrated a high incidence of diffuse reactive changes such as fibrinoid and myxomatous degeneration, fibroisis and metaplastic calcification. Degenerative disease of the Achilles tendon should be recognized and treated not as a simple injury but as a pathological lesion. PMID- 1132180 TI - The effect of growth hormone on established cartilage lesions. A presidential address to the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons, 1974. AB - The major problem in osteoarthritis research today is our inability to promote effective cartilage regeneration in the presence of adult chondromalacia. Yet such regeneration is consistently present in acromegalics. The present study of experimentally damaged rabbit knee cartilage measures numbers of cells, mitoses, tritiated thymidine incorporation, DNA content, collagen presence under polarized light and sulfated protein polysaccharides histologically. Under growth hormone stimulation cell counts nearly double as compared to controls, TTI increases, DNA content triples or more. Matrix healing is evident histologically. The addition of salicylate has a mild additive effect on cell counts and on retention of matrix. The above data appear to be the first reported demonstration of these effects of growth hormone on experimentally damaged cartilage and may gain importance for clinical use when human growth hormone or substitutes for it become available. PMID- 1132181 TI - An experimental study of surface injury to articular cartilage and enzyme responses within the joint. AB - An experimental model of degenerative joint disease on chondromalacia consists of a surgically-scarified articular surface of the adult dog knee joint. In 52 dogs, evaluated by histologic and enzymatic assays over a period of 1 to 110 weeks post surgery, the levels of acid hydrolase activity varied on various areas of articular cartilage within the same joint. There was a transient rise in most of the acid hydrolases in the synovium as a response to arthrotomy of the knee joint. All of the acid hydrolases studied did not respond uniformly to surgically created trauma. There was evidence of repair of the cartilage lacerations even when the subchondral zone was not breached. Lacerations in the central portion of the patella rarely showed healing in contrast to those placed more to the periphery of the articular surface. There was no gross or histologic evidence of progressive degenerative joint disease up to 2 years post-surgery. Thus an injury inflicted to the surface of the articular cartilage may be in itself insufficient in severity to produce destructive changes in the joint. This should not be too surprising, since, clinically, all joint surface injury does not lead to degenerative arthritis. The joint seems to have an injury threshold whereby chondrocytes are capable of repairing surface injury if the damage is not massive or repetitive. Insofar as lacerations in the center of the patella rarely healed, while the peripheral ones showed consistent signs of healing, the site of injury, as well as the magnitude of injury, may be critical. PMID- 1132182 TI - The biochemical activity of fracture callus in relation to bone production. AB - Quantitative microchemical study of the tissues comprising fracture callus has been undertaken to correlate the biochemical activity of the bone repair process with its previously established morphological features. Areas of proliferating fibrous tissue, hypertrophic cartilage, new bone and undifferentiated granulation tissue were analyzed for their content of carbohydrate metabolizing and phosphatase enzymes. Fracture callus cartilage is biochemically similar to epiphyseal cartilage. Carbohydrate metabolism provides structural intermediates and energy for bone repair. Inorganic pyrophosphatase removes the inorganic pyrophosphate which accumulates from structural synthesis and prevents its inhibition of new bone calcification. The individual parts of the callus have identical biochemical function regardless of the age or healing time of the fracture callus. PMID- 1132183 TI - Circulatory depression in bone after acrylic implantation. AB - Because of the continuing hazard of post-operative sepsis in joint replacement surgery and the possibility that persistent bone ischemia may be a contributing factor, it is desirable to know the hemodynamic consequences in bone of the implantation of orthopedic acrylic cement. Experiments were carried out on 60 rats. In 30, a bore-hole was made, unilaterally, in the tibia. In another 30, a bore-hole was made in the tibia and a small amount of polymethylmethacrylate cement (Surgical Simplex P) was implanted into the marrow cavity through the bore hole. By means of 51-Cr labeled red cells and 59-Fe labeled resin particles, the blood volume and blood flow rate in the tibiae were calculated simultaneously as a percentage of the values in the contralateral tibiae. The results showed that at 14 days and 112 days postoperatively, both blood volume and flow were significantly depressed in tibiae in which acrylic cement had been implanted, as compared with tibiae in which only a bore-hole had been made. It was concluded that orthopedic cement implanted into bone renders the bone hypovascular. PMID- 1132184 TI - Ultrastructure of a mixed form of calcinosis. AB - An unusual form of calcinosis is described presenting a joint occurrence of calcinosis circumscripta and calcinosis universalis. Ultrastructurally, the mineral constituent is of much higher crystallinity than that of normal bone, and includes a rare kind of carbonate apatite. The crystals of the specimen were needle-like and hexagonal, in juxtaposition to normal collagen fibrils. Supposedly, the development of the calcifiable matrix is different in calcinosis and bone tissue. PMID- 1132186 TI - Letter: Lo-profile halo. PMID- 1132185 TI - Impaired osteoclastic function and linear bone erosion rate in secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure. AB - Osteoclastic function, as estimated by the speed with which the haversian cutting cones advance through the compacta of the rib (linear erosion) was found significantly decreased (27.97-SE 0.8 mu/day versus normal 43.61-SE 0.7 mu/day) in dogs rendered chronically uremic (BUN between 36-89 mg/100 ml). The cause of the impairment of osteoclasts' function was tentatively ascribed to the chronic excess of the circulating parathyroid hormone. A decrease in the linear erosion rate, such as observed in this study, will produce predictable morphological changes. As the time necessary to erode a cavity increases, so does the lifespan of cavities, their number and consequently the bone surface area (or in the bone section the perimeter length) covered by Howship's lacunae. Thus, the increased total bone erosion perimeter in secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with moderate uremia does not necessarily reflect an accelerated tissue level erosion rate or even bone loss. As the remodeling sites in both adult man and dog have a similar standard configuration and dimensions, these observations may be extrapolated to disease in man. PMID- 1132187 TI - Vascular radiological procedures in orthopedic surgery. AB - Angiographic procedures are valuable in the analysis of trauma, postoperative situation, congenital lesions, tumors, and vascular conditions producing bone and soft tissue alterations. Angiography following trauma is most helpful in determining the status of the integrity of vessels when the clinical findings are not clear, when a vascular lesion without obstruction is suspected, to establish the status of distal vessels following repair of a proximal injury and to evaluate multiple injuries in the same limb. Vascular damage is possible even when the overlying soft tissue has not been lacerated. Embolization techniques to control hemorrhage have been recently developed. Immediate or delayed effects of intraoperative damage to the vessels can be verified by angiography. Most commonly traumatic arteriovenous communications and pseudoaneurysms are discovered by angiographic means. Congenital vascular lesions may be classified as localized arteriovenous malformations, small vessel arteriovenous malformations, diffuse arteriovenous malformations, or venous malformations. Angiography localizes and defines the extent of such lesions. Skeletal or muscular congenital anomalies secondarily involving the vessels can best be defined by angiographic means. Angiography of tumors is most helpful in defining the location and extent of tumors and the site for most productive biopsy. With rare exceptions, the angiogram is not helpful in defining the histologic nature of the lesion. The angiographic studies are most helpful in lesions involving the pelvis and retroperitoneal spaces. Vascular diseases producing bone and soft tissue alterations can best be defined as to extent by angiographic means. In particular, the diabetic patient with limb ischemia should be afforded the benefit of an arteriogram to establish the presence or absence of any surgically remedial lesions in the proximal vascular supply to the limb. PMID- 1132188 TI - Upper extremity arthrography. AB - Arthrography is a proven and well-established diagnostic aid in the evaluation and treatment of lesions in several joints; it provides useful information in the treatment of shoulder and wrist lesions. The procedure can be used whenever the cause of shoulder pain is in doubt. Arthrography of the shoulder can aid in the diagnosis of a variety of lesions: rotator cuff tear, subluxation of the shoulder, recurrent dislocation, subluxation and tear of the biceps tendon, the frozen shoulder, anterior capsular derangements, and combinations of these abnormalities. Arthrography has occasional, but definite use in the wrist, particularly in recurrent ganglion, painful ganglion on the flexor aspect of the wrist, and in the evaluation of the post-traumatic wrist with unexplained pain. PMID- 1132189 TI - Popliteal artery obstruction following Shiers total knee replacement. A case report. AB - Popliteal artery obstruction may occur following total knee replacement in cases of ankylosis with severe flexion contractures. Immediate recognition and documentation by arteriography is essential. Release of the musculofascial structures in the popliteal area with division of branches of the artery (without exposure of the joint or femur) may relieve the obstruction. PMID- 1132190 TI - A simple technique for internal fixation of the clavicle. A long term evaluation. AB - A simple, effective technique for internal fixation of the clavicle with Knowles threaded pins is described in 11 patients with 1 to 21 year results. The method is applicable to fresh fractures of non-union and provides secure compression fixation. The threads prevent migration of the pin, reduce the period of external immobilization, and obviate the need for removal of the pin. PMID- 1132191 TI - Post-traumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle. AB - Five cases of painful bone resorption from the distal clavicle following shoulder trauma are reported to demonstrate that the lesion is generally benign. Surgical excision is curative. The multiplicity of circumstances leading to clavicular osteolysis suggest that the balance between bone accretion and resorption is precarious in this region of the skeleton. PMID- 1132192 TI - Rupture of the pectoralis major. Report of 2 cases. AB - Two cases of rupture of the pectoralis major are reported, one caused by excessive tension and direct violence, while the other was a result of direct violence alone. The site of the rupture was at the lateral third portion of the pectoralis major in one and at the musculotendinous junction in the other. Both patients were treated surgically, and regained full function of their shoulders. Review of the literature suggests that surgical repair is generally advisable and more gratifying than conservative management. PMID- 1132193 TI - Delayed repair of a ruptured pectoralis major muscle. AB - A repair of the pectoralis major avulsion injury to the tendinous insertion into the humerus was successfully performed 6 months after the initial injury. The critical clinical observation was the presence of some intact tendon. In order to properly test for the presence of this tendon, it is necessary to abduct the arm so an attenuated band will be under tension. The presence of any remaining tendon is a favorable factor in consideration of delayed repair of this injury because it may have prevented full retraction of the muscle mass. PMID- 1132194 TI - Treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation and subluxation of the glenohumeral joint in athletes. AB - This series of 93 Putti-Platt arthroplasties performed on 88 athletes without a recurrence and with the return of each athlete to full participation demonstrates the excellence of this procedure. The 5 year average follow-up further confirms this. Only one valid objection was found. This procedure performed on the dominant shoulder definitely restricts the athlete in throwing a baseball or passing a football, and is not advocated where either of these two functions must be preserved. From this series it was found that operative limitation of external rotation to about PMID- 1132195 TI - Cast brace for the upper extremity. AB - Management of a traumatized elbow or intra-articular fracture with concomitant upper extremity long bone fracture is tedious, especially when early elbow motion is desirable. An adaptation of the lower extremity hinged cast brace to the elbow provides controlled flexion while protecting against varus/valgus stress and translation forces. A cast brace is constructed from readily-available materials, and can be applied in an out-patiet clinic. The functional results obtainable in a variety of upper extremity injuries are excellent, and the patients generally accept the elbow cast brace very well. PMID- 1132196 TI - Distoproximal nailing of fractures of the tibia. PMID- 1132197 TI - End result study of Stone bunionectomies. AB - The Stone bunionectomy is an oblique resection of the metatarsal head designed to preserve the weight-bearing margin of the metatarsal shaft. In 132 patients treated by the Stone operation, only 77 per cent were satisfied with the overall results and 19 per cent had persistent pain. In addition, only 69 per cent were considered by the authors to have had an excellent result. These results do not compare favorably with those reported for the Keller procedure. Consequently, the Stone bunionectomy is not recommended. PMID- 1132198 TI - Longitudinal amputation for the treatment of soft tissue fibrosarcoma. AB - Methods of treating fibrosarcoma are difficult to assess because of the slow growth and relative infrequency of the tumor and individual variability. Longitudinal amputation, a method of complete origin to insertion compartmental excision of a soft tissue fibrosarcoma, is presented along with a discussion of indications, contraindications, and surgical technique. PMID- 1132199 TI - Synovial chondrometaplasia. A case report. AB - Synovial chondrometaplasia is an uncommon benign lesion most commonly affecting males in the 20 to 60 age range. The youngest heretofore reported patient is 14 years of age. In a male patient of 7 years, 2 months, with a bone age of 5 years with left elbow involvement, there was no history of antecedent trauma. The presenting complaint was enlargement of the elbow with limitation of motion. At surgery 54 osteocartilaginous bodies were removed, some of which were still covered with synovium. Eighteen months following an anterior synovectomy, there was 5 degrees to 128 degrees of pain-free elbow flexion and full painless forearm pronation and supination with no recurrence of the disease. PMID- 1132200 TI - Cervical fractures and dislocations (C3-7). PMID- 1132201 TI - cis-hydroxyproline limits work necessary to flex a digit after tendon injury. AB - Present surgical procedures for the repair of tendon injury are complicated by formation of peritendinous collagenous adhesions which restrict tendon gliding. Several sensitive biomechanical tests have been developed to quantitate peritendinous restriction of gliding. Using these tests it was found that cis hydroxyproline significantly limits net collagen accumulation following tendon injury in a rat model and decreases the adhesive restraints to tendon gliding. cis-Hydroxyproline and other proline analoques offer a method for specifically preventing excessive collagen formation. PMID- 1132202 TI - The effect of local cooling on postfracture swelling. A controlled study. AB - Observations on rabbit hindlimbs following tibial fracture suggest that no regimen of cooling lessens swelling. Temperatures of 5 degrees to 15 degrees led to significantly increased swelling when applied for 24 hours. Increased swelling is the product of the perfusion of vessels rendered hyperpermeable by cold induced ischemia, and indicates that controlled investigations are needed to establish the validity of local cooling in orthopedic management. PMID- 1132203 TI - The classic: A Case of Absence of Cervical Vertebrae with the Thoracic Cage Rising to the Base of the Cranium (Cervical Thoracic Cage). PMID- 1132204 TI - Soft tissue injuries of the neck. AB - Soft tissue injuries of the neck are a frequent and important cause of disability and as such deserve close attention and concern. Patient management following this injury should not be left to the therapist but instead should be controlled closely by the physician to promote rapid recovery and avoid psychosomatic problems. Despite all methods of treatment there are patients who continue to complain of neck symptoms and others who develop degenerative disk changes in the years after injury. PMID- 1132205 TI - Injuries of the cervical spine in football. AB - The neck is a vulnerable area in contact sports in general and in football in particular. The type of injuries encountered often vary with the age and development of the players. Five well-established mechanisms of injury have been identified. Most injuries appear to occur during the act of tackling when the well protected head sustains violent trauma which is transferred directly to the neck. The most dangerous single mechanism is that of flexion, but lateral deviation, extension and impaction also have been identified as mechanisms of injury. The pattern of injuries would suggest that several measures should be undertaken. First, coaches, officials and doctors associated with football teams need to be aware of the dangers of head-on tackling and the value of "heads-up" football to avoid flexion injuries. Deliberately butting players with the head or "spearing" is illegal but head-on tackling and blocking of the so-called "stick blocking" type is specifically taught at the high school and college levels. In the immature neck this is a dangerous maneuver and should be discouraged. The development of strong neck musculature could reasonably be expected to prevent many neck injuries and isometric and resistance exercises to develop neck strength should be a part of all preseason conditioning. All players who have neck symptoms should be thoroughly evaluated both clinically and radiologically to rule out damage or predisposing structural weakness. This is particularly important in the atlanto-axial area in immature players. Finally, it is recommended that protective collars be worn by all players with a history of neck injury. The authors have gained the impression in surveying a large number of injuries that most serious neck injuries, particularly those involving fracture dislocation are incurred in the act of open field tackling by defensive players making head-on tackles. Neck flexion is the usual mechanism. A light-weight sponge rubber collar is presently available. It is designed to be used to prevent extension and lateral flexion but it can be easily modified to extend anteriorly where it should aid in preventing the extreme flexion which is responsible for many serious injuries in the young players at the high school level. PMID- 1132207 TI - Cervical spondylosis. AB - Cervical disk degeneration (CDD) can give rise to segmental instability and may appear as pain referred to the arm without any evidence of root compression. CDD can give rise to root pressure either by permitting the development of a disk rupture of by provoking the development of a neurocentral osteophyte, compressing the root in the root canal. Such osteophytes may also compress the vertebral artery. Primary treatment is always conservative. When operative intervention is necessary an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is preferable to a posterior decompression. PMID- 1132206 TI - The acute cervical disk. AB - Acute cervical disk herniations represent one facet of the broad spectrum of cervical disk degeneration. It is productive of symptoms through mechanical compression and biochemical inflammation of the nerve roots and spinal cord. The majority of patients will respond to a conscientiously applied course of conservative treatment. In those individuals who fail to respond to conservative treatment in terms of pain relief or in whom a significant neurologic deficit occurs surgical decompression of the neural elements should be undertaken. PMID- 1132208 TI - Techniques of exposure and fusion of the cervical spine. PMID- 1132209 TI - Biomechanical analysis of clinical stability in the cervical spine. AB - This study was undertaken because there is a dearth of objective information in the literature on the clinical instability of the cervical spine below C2. To our knowledge, it is the first biomechanical investigation designed to analyze clinical stability. We have carried out a quantitative analysis of the behavior of the spine as a function of the systematic destruction of various anatomic elements. Under controlled conditions designed to maintain the biological integrity of the specimens, 17 motion segments from 8 cervical spines were analyzed. The spines were studied with either flexion or extension simulated using physiologic loads. Some of the more important findings are: (1) In sectioning the ligaments, one observes small increments of change followed without warning by sudden, complete disruption of the spine; (2) Removal of the facets alters the motion segment such that in flexion, there is less angular displacement and more horizontal displacement; (3) The anterior ligaments contribute more to stability in extension than the posterior ligaments and in flexion, the converse is true; (4) The adult cervical spine is unstable, or on the brink of instability, when any of the following conditions are present: a) All the anterior or all the posterior elements are destroyed or unable to function. b) More than 3.5 mm horizontal displacement of one vertebra in relation to an adjacent vertebra measured on lateral roentgenograms (resting or flexion extension). c) More than 11 degrees of rotation difference to that of either adjacent vertebra measured on a resting lateral or flexion-extension roentgenogram. These findings can be aptly applied to clinical situations and when instability as determined by the above criteria is present, surgical fusion or some other method to achieve stability should be seriously considered. Work is continuing on this problem as we do not consider this to be altogether complete or definitive. Hopefully, this initial study will stimulate further scientific and clinical investigations. PMID- 1132210 TI - Roentgenographic signs of cervical injury. AB - The injured cervical spine may be completely examined without patient movement by positioning the X-ray tube relative to the injured patient. The prevertebral soft tissue in the cervical area is extremely important in the evaluation of injury, and a thickness of 5 mm or more at the level of the anterior inferior border of the body of C3 is indirect evidence of osseous injury. In hyperextension rotation cervical spine injuries the pillar view should always be taken. Anterior displacement of one vertical body upon another may be normal or secondary to trauma. Straightening or reversal of the cervical ordotic curve may be normal for the individual. PMID- 1132211 TI - Cineradiography of the braced normal cervical spine. A comparative study of five commonly used cervical orthoses. AB - Five orthotic devices were selected for a study of their effectiveness in immobilizing the cervical spine. These orthoses were fitted to subjects with a normal range of motion of the cervical spine. Motion pictures were made from a lateral view while the patient actively flexed and extended his cervical spine as well as from the frontal view with the patient rotating to each side and bending to each side. The soft cervical collar offers very little immobilization. The firm plastic Thomas collar restricts about 75 per cent of flexion-extension, rotation and lateral bending. The four-poster orthosis gave 80 to 85 per cent restriction of flexion-extension and lateral bending but only restricted 60 per cent of rotation. The long two-poster cervical orthosis caused 90 to 95 per cent restriction of all motions. The Guilford two-poster cervical orthosis restricted 90 per cent of all motions. PMID- 1132212 TI - Peripheral nerve injuries: microsurgical repair with interfascicular autografts. PMID- 1132213 TI - Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 1132214 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 1132215 TI - [New therapeutic possibilities in the field of coronary disease]. PMID- 1132216 TI - [Progress in the therapy of parkinsonism with L-dopa: inhibition of dopa decarboxylase]. PMID- 1132217 TI - Antisocial children in a summer camp environment: a time-sampling study. AB - A discussion is set forth regarding the possibly dysfunctional consequences of grouping antisocial children in homogeneous contexts for treatment. It is posited that antisocial children can profit from being placed for treatment in community based settings (for example, community centers, YMCAs, and neighborhood settlement houses) in which most of the other children are considered prosocial. In the present study 5 antisocial boys were placed in a residential summer camp consisting of 81 boys and 75 girls. Comparisons are made among the frequencies of prosocial, nonsocial, and antisocial behavior observed for the antisocial children placed in four groups, prosocial children in these groups, and the prosocial children in four other groups. These comparisons yield no significant differences among the antisocial and prosocial children's behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for the helping professions. PMID- 1132218 TI - Crimes in New York and Tokyo: sociocultural perspectives. AB - Patterns of major crimes in Tokyo and New York City, based on official reports, are compared. Among other findings, the rate of infanticides among the total of murder cases was strikingly higher in Tokyo than in New York City. Intruders in New York City, on the other hand, were found to seek confrontation with victims more actively than their counterparts in Tokyo. Social and cultural factors underlying or contributing to the causes of major crimes are discussed. PMID- 1132219 TI - The comprehensive community mental health center as a field placement for graduate social work students. AB - The comprehensive community mental health center, as a new organization, has many characteristics that make it a unique setting for the training of social workers. The organization's struggles for identity create a fluidity that requires the development of flexibility greatly needed in the mental health professions. Students can make valuable contributions to the functioning of the center if allowed to become fully involved in its activities. A generation gap may exist between senior staff, trained in traditional settings, and new staff and students whose orientations are more relevant to community practice. PMID- 1132220 TI - The quality control of community caretakers: a study of mental health screening in a sheriff's department. AB - There is increasing awareness of the sensitive and crucial role of the law enforcement officer as a community caretaker. Rigorous efforts to define criteria of adequate performance and to select men who can meet these criteria are called for. In this study applicants for a law enforcement agency were subjected to an extensive psychological test battery and a psychiatric interview. The results were matched against subsequent performance as law enforcement officers. The data show that although some psychological factors are related to failure on the job, intellectual factors are the best predictors of advancement in the department, and the psychiatric interview did not relate to any of the performance criteria. Development of performance criteria was a problem here as elsewhere. PMID- 1132221 TI - An index of responsiveness to patient needs: the synchrony ratio (PSI). AB - Indicators of the effectiveness of mental hospitals currently in use have severe limitations. Admissions, discharges, and occupancy rates are affected by multiple factors and determined largely be institutional policies. A rapidly calculable measure of responsiveness to patient requests for hospital admission is described. The synchrony ratio (psi) requires only that the number of emergency room visits and admissions by known accurately. If hospitals override patient needs, this is reflected in declining psi values. The utility of the synchrony ratio has been tested in a comparison of a general hospital psychiatric service and community mental health center inpatient wards. PMID- 1132222 TI - Evaluation of the clinical services of a regional mental health center. AB - A large midwest community-oriented regional mental health center reports a detailed methodology for evaluating the outcome effectiveness of clinical care for seriously disturbed mental patients. A controlled study of a 10% systematic sample of all public patients from a 10-county area compares the results obtained by traditional state hospitals with those of a new regional mental health center. The cohorts were followed for 3 full years. Outcomes were assessed in terms of social competence and economic cost to the patients and society. Although increased funds and staffing clearly improved the level of humanitarian care in all public institutions, no objective evidence was found that the community oriented approach was superior in decreasing disability due to serious mental disorder. The study corroborated impressions that a relatively small proportion of persons entering mental hospitals tend to become chronically disabled and require large quantities of care-giving services. It is concluded that a period of consolidation and replanning is necessary in community psychiatry. It is suggested that early identification of potentially chronic patients, intensive social training, and specialized community living arrangements focused on this group might provide a break-through in rehabilitation of the mentally ill. PMID- 1132223 TI - A community-oriented program for training and using volunteers. AB - Eleven women volunteers from the Arvada, Colorado, community were provided intensive training in communication and other variables related to effective functioning in a community mental health center. Volunteers were then provided various placements within the center. Results indicated that the volunteers' communication effectiveness levels increased significantly from pretest to posttest and as compared to a control group of students going through a mental health program. Volunteers also received favorable evaluation rating from their practicum supervisors. The paper will discuss the procedures, benefits, and considerations involved in developing and utilizing volunteers. PMID- 1132224 TI - The impact of therapeutic effectiveness data on community mental health center management: the systems evaluation project. AB - A major assumption of C.M.H. evaluation is that data fed back to center managers have an impact on the management, resulting in optimization of programs. This is the empirical question addressed in this paper. A study of the influences bearing on management decisions, the process of decision making, and the effects of introducing evaluation data into that process is described. The concepts, procedures, and instruments are set out as possible models for further investigation of the complex but fundamental question. The data presented are consistent with the hypotheses about the detailed influences of systems evaluation project evaluation data. PMID- 1132225 TI - A program of industrial consultation by a community mental health center. AB - A staff member of a community mental health center provided consultation services to untrained industrial counselors at a large private corporation. Characteristics of "newer' workers, ethnically different from supervisors, are described. Attitude change is the key, but difficult to bring about. The consultant had full cooperation of the counselors, but never gained full support from management. The article describes procedures for training counselors and successful and unsuccessful efforts to reach foremen. PMID- 1132226 TI - Day hospital in the context of a community mental health program. AB - The paper focuses on the role of the day hospital within the framework of total care delivery in community mental health programs and stresses its unique position in the continuity of care cycle. The day hospital lies midway in the service continuum between inpatient and outpatient services and can provide a bridge between community and intramural resources. As such it can serve as a "center for change' where inputs from the entire network of services merge to test solutions for care delivery problems. Experiences with a specific day are used to illustrate relevant issues for those currently engaged in planning or implementing day hospital services. PMID- 1132227 TI - The problem is outside: staff and client behavior as a function of external events. AB - Data collected in the process of studying the development and functioning of a prerelease program for adjudicated adult offenders provided the opportunity to test the hypothesis that the actions of a parent organization influence the "within' program behaviors of clients and rehabilitation staff. It is demonstrated that changes in the parent organization's behavior toward the program were accompanied by changes in (a) the staff's perceptions of clients, (b) the staff's actions towards clients, (c) client attitudes, and (d) client behaviors. Discussion focuses on the need to view rehabilitative programs as continually influenced by external and extrinisic factors. PMID- 1132228 TI - Efferent connections of the centromedian nucleus and the magnocellular part of the medial geniculate body in cats. PMID- 1132229 TI - Some observations during stimulation of the human hypothalamus. PMID- 1132230 TI - The amygdala in relation to olfaction. PMID- 1132231 TI - Effects of bilateral septal lesions on lever pressing for food reward in the rabbit. PMID- 1132232 TI - Effects for CRF learning by electrical stimulation in the limbic system of rabbits. PMID- 1132233 TI - Effect of voluntary innervation on the evoked potential of the motor system. PMID- 1132234 TI - Nociceptive neurons in the human thalamus. PMID- 1132235 TI - Lipid loss and haemolysis by thermal shock: lack of correlation. PMID- 1132236 TI - The physical state of water at low temperatures in plasma with different water contents as studied by differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. PMID- 1132237 TI - Visualization of intracellular ice crystals formed in very rapidly frozen cells at -27 degree C. PMID- 1132238 TI - Metabolic studies of isolated canine hearts perfused at 4 degree C for up to 96 hours, with assessment of viability. PMID- 1132239 TI - Cold-stored kidney tissue of hibernators: Effects of brief warming of K regulation. PMID- 1132240 TI - Lipid changes in tissues from the cold-exposed, torpid and aroused pigmy mouse Baiomys taylori. PMID- 1132241 TI - The results of freezing and dehydration of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 1132242 TI - Factors modifying susceptibility to bacterial endotoxin: the effect of lead and cadmium. PMID- 1132243 TI - A pediatric practice manual--topics and references. PMID- 1132244 TI - The ovary and fallopian tube: problems for the surgeon. PMID- 1132245 TI - Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in mouse spermatocytes and oocytes. AB - ICR/Swiss males and females were exposed to 300 R whole-body gamma irradiation. The frequency of aberrations in metaphase I chromosomes recovered from oocytes cultured in vitro was compared with those recovered from spermatocytes irradiated in pachytene and diplotene. The ability of oocytes collected 1 day postirradiation to mature in vitro was not affected, but significantly fewer oocytes cultured 5 days after irradiation matured. The frequency of aberrations in oocytes did not differ from spermatocytes irradiated during diplotene, but significantly more chromosome aberrations were found when pachytene spermatocytes were irradiated. Some variation in the relative frequencies of aberrations was also observed. PMID- 1132246 TI - Chromosome banding pattern homology and its phlogenetic implications in the bat genera Carollia and Choeroniscus. AB - A comparison of the chromosome banding patterns of the mitotic chromosomes of three species of bats of the genus Carollia and Choeroniscus intermedius revealed considerable banding pattern homology between the Carollia species but not between Carollia and Choeroniscus. The G-band patterns of the chromosomes of the Carollia species were similar, but the C-band (heterochromatin) pattern of C. castanea (Peru) lacked much of the heterochromatin common to the other two species. C. castanea also lacked the X-autosome translocation possessed by the other two species. A system for denoting such sex-chromosome translocations is presented rather than presenting the chromosomes involved as multiple sex chromosomes. The G- and C-banding patterns of Choeroniscus intermedius did not resemble those of Carollia, and the placement of these bat genera into different subfamilies is supported. PMID- 1132247 TI - Systematic approach to the study of trisomy in the mouse. II. AB - In pursuit of attempts at a systematic study of autosomal trisomy in the mouse, an experimental model is presented which permits the induction of specific trisomic conditions. It is based on (1) the occurrence of considerable rates of meiotic anaphase I malsegregation of double metacentric heterozygotes with monobrachial homology, (2) the expectation that trisomics may be found among the unbalanced conditions in the progeny of crosses of the double heterozygotes with "all acrocentric" mice, and (3) the observation that trisomy, in contrast to monosomy or combined monosomy plus trisomy, is the only unbalanced condition surviving beyond day 10. In this design, the specific nature of the trisomy is predetermined by the choice of the double metacentric heterozygote combination and recognized by such criteria as chromosome arm number and the presence of both metacentrics. All trisomic conditions of the mouse so far studied inevitably lead to early or late fetal death. Although the possibility of a systematic survey of all 19 possible autosomal trisomies in the mouse can be anticipated, this report is limited to a study of trisomies (Ts) 1, 8, 11, 12, and 17. Ts 8, 11, and 17 cause severe developmental inhibition at an early stage of development. Death occurs about day 11 or 12. Ts 1 displays a syndrome of moderate to marked developmental retardation and slight to more distinctly disproportionate hypoplasia. These embryos may survive until day 15. In contrast, a lesser extent of hypoplasia and retardation is observed in Ts 12, which, however, almost regularly shows exencephaly and microphtalmia. Obviously, variation of the severity of phenotypic manifestation of the trisomic conditions is due to genic heterogeneity of the animals used in the present study. Current attempts are directed to introduce a sufficient number of metacentrics in a defined background, thus providing the means for future systematic studies of the phenotypic expression of gross genomic imbalance. PMID- 1132248 TI - Incidence and origin of heteroploidy, especially haploidy, in chick embryos from intraline and interline matings. AB - Preparations for chromosomal analysis were made from 2107 chick embryos at 16 hours of incubation. The embryos resulted from intraline and reciprocal interline matings of two genetically different stocks (AG and D6). The two stocks had been previously characterized as producers of high (AG) and low (D6) frequencies of chromosomally aberrant embryos. The overall frequency of aberrant embryos was 4.0 plus or minus 0.42%. The types and frequencies of abnormalities were: haploidy and haploid-euploid mosaics, 57%; polyploidy and polyploid-diploid mosaics, 19%; aneuploidy, 17%; aneuploid-diploid mosaics, 5%; and structural aberrations, 2%. Although there were no significant differences among the four types of matings in the overall frequency of heteroploid embryos (P greater than 0.1), a significant difference (P smaller than 0.01) in the frequency of haploid and haploid-euploid mosaic embryos was found. The difference was entirely attributable to the line of dam; D6 dams had 1.2% and AG dams had 2.7% haploid and haploid-euploid mosaic embryos. The difference between lines of sires was not significant. In addition, there was evidence of nonrandom distribution, among dams of both lines, of haploid and haploid-euploid mosaic embryos. It was concluded that the genotype of dam is an important influencing factor in the production of haploid cell lines in embryos. The superfluous genome in triploid embryos is usually maternal in origin, resulting from retention of the second polar body in the ovum. Sex chromosome aneuploidy in chick embryos apparently derives from nondisjunction at meiosis I of oogenesis. The sex proportion of 2023 chromosomally sexed, diploid embryos was 50.2 plus or minus 1.1% male. No significant heterogeneity was observed among the types of matings. Sex proportion was not significantly influenced by any of a number of nongenetic variables. PMID- 1132249 TI - A (4;11) translocation, balanced, XXXXp-Y, 49 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-157. PMID- 1132250 TI - A (17;22) translocation, balanced, 46 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-119. PMID- 1132251 TI - A (1;17) translocation, balanced, plus trisomy 21, 47 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-201. PMID- 1132252 TI - A (1;15) translocation, balanced, 46 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-126. PMID- 1132253 TI - A (7;10) translocation, balanced, 46 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-44. PMID- 1132254 TI - A (10;17) translocation, balanced, 46 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-216. PMID- 1132255 TI - A (10;17) translocation, unbalanced, 46 chromosomes. Repository identification No. GM-217. PMID- 1132257 TI - One- and two-years incidence of myocardial infarction in copenhagen males aged 40 59. PMID- 1132256 TI - Clinical use of porphyrin ester cromatography of urine and feces. PMID- 1132258 TI - Strokes in migraine: report on seven strokes associated with severe migraine attacks. PMID- 1132259 TI - ST-segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction. Correlation between ST segment elevation and the serum enzyme values. PMID- 1132260 TI - Magnitude and duration of ST-segment elevation in patients surviving their first acute anterior or inferior myocardial infarction. PMID- 1132261 TI - ABO blood groups and acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 1132262 TI - Review of the epidemiology of migraine in adults. PMID- 1132263 TI - Epidemiological data relevant to prognosis in migraine in adults. PMID- 1132264 TI - Color, form, and function as dimensions of natural classification: developmental changes in eye movements, reaction time, and response strategies. AB - Behavior of 5-year-olds and adults was measured in a matching-to-sample task using pictures of familiar objects and events. Subjects matched on properties of color, form, function, or compounds of those cues. On the basis of reaction times and eye movements, inferences could be made about the subjects' classification processes, and also about their strategies for dealing with the task environment. Certain processes were executed as efficiently by 5-year-olds as by the adults. Other processes showed developmental differences. Form properties, while difficult for children to extract, appeared to be utilized by them in the classification of familiar objects, even though other properties were available. PMID- 1132265 TI - Development of multiple dimension use in form classification. AB - The use of multiple form dimensions in pattern classification was studied with adults and children in grades 2 and 5. Each subject sorted 30 8-sided random polygons first into 2, then into 3, and finally into 4 groups and repeated the procedure 1 week later. A series of discriminant analyses, using 9 physical form characteristics as predictors, was used to answer several developmental questions. Reliability of classification, number and saliency of features selected, and accuracy with which they were used all implied continuous development of perceptual skills. Multiple feature use in classification was evidenced at all age levels. PMID- 1132266 TI - The effects of stimulus complexity and sensory modality on reaction time in normal and retarded readers. AB - Intra- and crossmodal performance of normal and retarded readers was compared in a reaction-time task. Both reading groups showed slower crossmodal than intramodal shifting. This effect occurred equally for both reading groups. Differences between the two groups occurred, however, when a complex visual stimulus was present. The complex stimulus resulted in the retarded readers showing slower reaction times to other stimuli in that setting. This effect occurred for stimuli both within and across modalities. The results suggested that the demands of stimulus complexity within the visual modality rather than the demands of crossmodal shifting were related to reading ability. PMID- 1132267 TI - The development of children's understanding of proportions. AB - To determine whether the understanding of proportions develops before formal operations, children in grades 1, 3, and 5 and college students were given a variety of judgment tasks contrasting the comparison of quantity with the comparison of proportions. Results for the most difficult tasks indicated that a majority of fifth graders still lacked a full understanding of proportion. Results were interpreted as consistent with Inhelder and Piaget's contention that the comprehension of abstract relations requires formal operations. In grades 3 and 5, boys scored significantly higher than girls. PMID- 1132268 TI - Infants' development of object permanence: a refined methodology and new evidence of Piaget's hypothesized ordinality. AB - To investigate Piaget's theory of object concept development, a series of 6 tasks was administered in a combined longitudinal/cross-sectional design incorporating a number of methodological controls. The tasks spanned the entire sensorimotor period and included single versus sequential displacements combined with visible or invisible hidings. 36 infants from 5 to 32 months of age at initial testing were drawn equally from day-care and home settings. All infants received the 6 tasks during each of 3 testing sessions over a 6-month period. Clear evidence was obtained for task ordinality as proposed by Piaget, with ordinality coefficients ranging from .71 to .82 for the 3 testing sessions. Performance changes across the 3 sessions were also ordinal in 80% of the cases. Expected age, task, and session effects and accompanying interactions were also obtained. PMID- 1132269 TI - A developmental study of Piaget's groupement model of the emergence of speed and time concepts. AB - 3 key predictions of Piaget's groupement model of middle-childhood cognition were examined in the speed and time concept areas: (a) The respective composition and reverse operations of 2 of the 8 structures posited in the groupement model (Groupement I and Groupement V) should emerge synchronously in each of the 2 concept areas. (b) The 2 structures themselves should emerge synchronously in each of the 2 concept areas. (c) Between the 2 concept areas, the 2 structures should both emerge in the speed area before either emerges in the time area. The findings failed to support either prediction a or prediction b, and they were only partially consistent with prediction c. However, the findings concerning predictions a and b were consistent with other recent developmental evidence on the emergence of groupement structures in concept areas other than speed and time. PMID- 1132270 TI - Aggressive behavior in English nurseries and play groups: sex differences and response of adults. AB - Aggressive behaviors were incident sampled in 5 nursery schools, 5 play groups, and 5 day nurseries in England. In 13 of 15 institutions, boys had a greater probability of being involved in aggressive incidents than girls. The initiator of an aggressive encounter was likely to be successful if there was no adult interaction, but to be unsuccessful if an adult intervened. There was no consistent evidence that adults intervened differentially in boy-boy, boy-girl, and girl-girl encounters. PMID- 1132271 TI - Young children's coding and storage of visual and verbal material. AB - 36 preschool children (mean age 4.2 years) were each tested on 3 recognition memory lists differing in test mode (visual only, verbal only, combined visual verbal). For one-third of the children, original list presentation was visual only, for another third, presentation was verbal only, and the final third received combined visual-verbal presentation. The subjects generally performed at a high level of correct responding. Verbal-only presentation resulted in less correct recognition than did either visual-only or combined visual-verbal presentation. However, because performances under both visual-only and combined visual-verbal presentation were statistically comparable, and a high level of spontaneous labeling was observed when items were presented only visually, a dual processing conceptualization of memory in 4-year-olds was suggested. PMID- 1132272 TI - Newborn infant attention to form of contour. AB - Human neonates selectively fixated patterns with curved rather than straight contours when the outermost contours differed in this form variable and when quantitative variables were controlled. The presence from birth of a discrimination ability basic to later form perception was evidenced. PMID- 1132273 TI - Infants' visual attention to pattern arrangement and orientation. AB - When 2 stimuli were presented side by side, 4-5-month-old infants looked longer at a visual target that differed from a previously exposed standard target. This reaction to the discrepant target indicated that infants could detect a change involving the arrangement of the constituent elements and the orientation of the standard pattern. When infants were given the opportunity to view paired targets that were both different from the previously exposed standard, there was no evidence that orientation was a less dimension than pattern arrangement. Instead, the infants' fixation behavior seemed to be a function of the relative discrepancy of the paired test stimuli from the previously exposed standard pattern. PMID- 1132274 TI - Temporal and spatial ordering in recall by five- to eight-year-old children. AB - It has been reported that 8-year-old children, when asked to recall stimuli that had occurred incompatible spatial and temporal orders, spontaneously reproduced the temporal order. In this study with 5-8-year-olds, there was a clear developmental trend in the tendency to reproduce temporal rather than spatial ordering. The results are discussed with reference to previous work on partially deaf and subnormal children. PMID- 1132275 TI - The effect of cerebral dominance on time sharing between speaking and tapping by preschool children. AB - 48 kindergartners tapped as fast as they could with either the right index finger or the left, either alone or while reciting or repeating verbal material. The secondary tasks diminished tapping rate on both sides, but disproportionately on the right. This result was predicted by a model that postulates greater interference between concurrent activities when both are programmed by the same cerebral hemisphere. Children appear to be more vulnerable to this type of interference than adults. This attribute of immature motor development can be used as an indicator of cerebral lateralization of function in children. PMID- 1132276 TI - Perceptual and perceptual-motor characteristics of phonemic development. AB - Children between 3 and 5 years of age were examined with regard to their abilities in recognizing differences between certain speech sounds and their performance in imitating and spontaneously generating the same sounds in familiar words. Analysis of error patterns shows the least number of errors for the recognition task and greatest number for the spontaneous production task, with imitation holding the intermediate position (R less than I less than P). Results are related to a theory of phonemic development in children. PMID- 1132277 TI - Frequency discrimination by young infants. AB - The nonnutritive sucking of groups of 1-month-old infants was conjugately reinforced with either a 200-H or a 500-H pure tone. Following response acquisition and satiation, the sucking of the experimental groups was reinforced with a new pure tone (either 500 or 200 H) to a criterion of response decrement, after which sucking was reinforced with the original tone. Control groups were reinforced with a single tone (200 or 500 H) throughout the experiment. Frequency of nonnutritive sucking increased significantly in the experimental groups following a shift in frequency of the reinforcing tone but remained unchanged in the control groups, indicating discrimination between 200- and 500-H tones. PMID- 1132278 TI - Concordance of visual and manipulative responses to novel and familiar stimuli: a reply to Rubenstein (1974). AB - Rubenstein's failure to find evidence for the previously suggested lack of concordance between visual and manipulative responses to novel and familiar stimuli in 6-month-old infants is discussed. It is shown that a lack of concordance is not specific to the use of 1 measure of manipulative behavior, and other possible explanations for the discrepancy in findings are examined. A 2 stage development of responsiveness to familiarity-novelty in infancy remains the most plausible account. PMID- 1132279 TI - The effect of heartbeat sound stimulation on the weight development of newborn infants. AB - The weight development of 175 infants was followed from birth to the sixth day after birth. 92 infants were exposed to the sound of an adult's heartbeat 12 hours a day during all 6 days. 83 were not so exposed. No significant difference was found in the weight development of the two groups, thus failing to replicate the previous findings of Salk. PMID- 1132280 TI - The effects of being imitated and awareness on the behavior of introverted and extroverted youth. AB - Introverted and extroverted preadolescents (N equals 34) were seated at a box with 6 holes in the top surface and presented the following conditions: (a) baseline - the subject dropped marbles 1 at a time in any holes he wished; (b) imitation - the subject and experimenter alternated dropping marbles, with the experimenter imitating the subject if he dropped his marbles at a hole designated a priori for imitation; (c) imitation plus awareness - this was identical to the previous condition except that the subject was told that he was being imitated at the designated hole; and (d) extinction - the experimenter dropped her marbles in a prearranged random order. As predicted, under the imitation-plus-awareness and extinction conditions extroverts responded significantly more at the holes at which they were imitated than did introverts. PMID- 1132281 TI - An ecological study of glee in small groups of preschool children. AB - A phenomenon called group glee was studied in videotpes of 596 formal lessons in a preschool. This was characterized by joyful screaming, laughing, and intense physical acts which occurred in simultaneous bursts or which spread in a contagious fashion from one child to another. A variety of precipitating factors were identified, the most prevalent being teacher requests for volunteers, unstructured lags in lessons, gross physical-motor actions, and cognitive incongruities. Distinctions between group glee and laughter were pointed out. While most events of glee did not disrupt the ongoing lesson, those which did tended to produce a protective reaction on the part of teachers. Group glee tended to occur most often in large groups (7-9 children) and in groups containing both sexes. The latter finding was related to Darwin's theory of differentiating vocal signals in animals and man. PMID- 1132282 TI - Underreplication of satellite dnas in polyploid ovarian tissue of Drosophila virilis. AB - The satellite DNAs of Drosophila virilis have been examined in diploid and polyploid tissues by isopycnic ultracentrifugation and thermal denaturation experiments. Previous work has established that the satellite DNAs are underreplicated in the polytene chromosomes of the salivary glands of D. virilis. The results of the present experiments demonstrate that this underreplication also takes place in the ovaries which contain nurse cells and follicle cells. These tissues are polyploid but do not show polytene chromosomes. PMID- 1132284 TI - The submicroscopic structure of synthetically active units in a puff of drosophila hydei giant chromosomes. AB - Thin sections of nuclei of salivary glands of Drosophila hydei, treated in vitro with vitamin B-6 in the presence of either actinomycin D or 3'deoxyadenosine revealed the morphology of transcription units observed display a definite polarity with respect to the size of the RNP-particles attached to the deoxynucleoprotein matrix. The length of the longest unit observed was approximately 1.5 micronm, which corresponds well with the size of the RNA extracted from isolated puffs and with preliminary measurement of transcription units observed after speeading of the puffs according to the method of Miller and Beatty (1969). PMID- 1132283 TI - Prophase chromosome movements in living house cricket spermatocytes and their relationship to prometaphase, anaphase and granule movements. AB - Chromosome and granule movements in meiotic prophase and prometaphase have been studied by time-lapse cinemicrography in live spermatocytes of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Chromosome movements in prophase cells, up to one hour or more before breakdown of the nuclear envelope, are described. These movements are frequent but saltatory; are based mostly at chromosome ends but also at kinetochores; occur in very intimate association with the inside of the nuclear envelope; are directed towards and away from the extranuclear centres (centrioles); tend weakly to accumulate bivalents round the two centres and reach a velocity of 0.65 micron/sec. Saltatory movements in granules associated with extranuclear asters are remarkably similar to basic characteristics to the intranuclear chromosome movements. Surprisingly, the chromosome movements (and those granules) are reversably blocked by colcemid (but not lumi-colcemid), and yet occur in the apparent absence of an intranuclear envelope. However, kinetochore movements in very early prometaphase are similar in velocity and other respects to prophase movements; later prometaphase movements are clearly slower, and those of anaphase very much slower still. -The prophase movements suggest a two component model for motion: a non-microtubule, linear force producer together withrotubules with a skeletal, orientational role. Arguably, both these components are also necessary for chromosome movements in prometaphase and anaphase. PMID- 1132285 TI - Actinomycin D effects on mitosis and chromosomes: sticky chromatids and localized lesions. AB - When Indian muntjac and Chinese hamster cells in culture were treated with Actinomycin D (1 micron/ml) for 1-2 hours, the sister chromatids, especially the distal segments, appeared to have difficulty separating in anaphase. The separated proximal segments progressively became stretched. The nucleolus organizer regions seemed to be most susceptible to stretching, and breaks in these regions were frequently observed. Electron microscopic observations showed that the sticky chromatids (and less frequently sticky chromosomes) contain connecting submicroscopic chromosome strands. When the treated cells were allowed to grow in a drug-free medium for several days, a high frequency of endoreduplicated mitotic figures was found. Chromosome and chromatid breaks and other aberrations were common, mainly localized at G band negative areas particularly nucleolus organizer regions. PMID- 1132287 TI - The chromosomal distribution of balbiani ring dna in chironomus tentans. AB - RNA from Balbiani ring 2 (BR 2) of Chironomus tentans salivary gland cells was hybridized to polytene chromosomes of rectum cells, in which the Balbiani ring is not expressed. The distribution of the RNA:DNA hybrids was studied by autoradiography, using ultrathin emulsion to increase the resolution. The grains were estimated to cover 3-5 polytene chromosome bands, which indicates that information expressed by transcription in BR 2 may be present in several adjoining chromomeres. From a comparison of grain numbers over BR 2 of salivary gland chromosomes and over the BR 2 region of rectum chromosomes, it appears unlikely that selective amplification of BR DNA in the salivary glands could explain the efficient hybridization seen in this tissue. The conclusion is advanced that BR 2 DNA contains nucleotide sequences which are extensively repeated within 3-5 transcription units. PMID- 1132286 TI - Differential replication of satellite DNA in polyploid tissues of Drosophila virilis. AB - Satellite DNA amounts were examined in adult tissues of Drosophila virilis, a species whose DNA contains three prominent satellites. Satellite amounts in DNA from six of the seven tissues were lower than in DNA from diploid (adult brain) tissue. Satellite amounts in adult ovary DNA, however, were equivalent to or greater than diploid levels. When DNA from pupal ovaries was examined, a 30% increase in satellite amounts over diploid levels was found. An RNA-DNA hybridization experiment showed that the ribosomal RNA genes in pupal ovary DNA were under-replicated relative to diploid DNA levels. PMID- 1132289 TI - [Population mechanisms of maintenance of the genetic composition in a population of Rana arvalis Nills]. PMID- 1132290 TI - [Effect of an electric current on Bacillus aerothermophilus spores]. PMID- 1132288 TI - [DNA packing in polytene chromosome disks]. PMID- 1132291 TI - [Modification of the immune response to a tumor by mobilization of nonfixed macrophages]. PMID- 1132292 TI - [Physiochemical changes in DNA and DNP caused by N-nitroso-N-methylurea]. PMID- 1132293 TI - [Effect of corticosteroids on lysosomal glucosidases in subcellular fractions of eye tissues]. PMID- 1132294 TI - [Fractionation of liporibonucleoprotein complexes from animal cell plasma membranes]. PMID- 1132295 TI - [Reflection of emotional excitement traces in the EEG rhythms of children]. PMID- 1132296 TI - [Forms of physiological liver regeneration in animals in condition of prolonge hyperbarism]. PMID- 1132297 TI - [Effect of the mutant genes snow and chartreuse-red, controlling tryptophan metabolism in the body, on the signalling behavior of honey bees]. PMID- 1132298 TI - [Evaluation of the immunological reactivity of melanoma patients using the rosette formation test]. PMID- 1132300 TI - [Upper temperature limit to the life of the imago of flea species (Siphonaptera)]. PMID- 1132299 TI - [Role of exogenous hydrogen in the photoreduction of algae]. PMID- 1132301 TI - [Regeneration of muscle fibers and stimulation of restorative processes in the heart during diphtheric myocarditis in rabbits]. PMID- 1132302 TI - [Study of the nature of decompression gas formation using ultrasound]. PMID- 1132303 TI - [Ultrastructural localization of lysosomal arylsulfatases]. PMID- 1132304 TI - [Changes in the chromosomal puff spectrum of Drosophila virilis salivary glands exposed to 5-bromodeoxyuridine]. PMID- 1132305 TI - [Principal causes of damage to fish during excitation of elastic waves by seismic sources]. PMID- 1132306 TI - [Systematics of genus Salmo (Pisces, Salmonidae) in the light of DNA molecular hybridization data]. PMID- 1132307 TI - [Autotransplantation of intact skeletal muscles in frogs]. PMID- 1132308 TI - [Trace effects in ganglionic neurons of the great pseudohorseleech following rhythmic stimulation]. PMID- 1132309 TI - Dextran and postoperative thromboembolism. PMID- 1132310 TI - Hazards of radiographic contrast media. PMID- 1132311 TI - The management of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 1132312 TI - Anti-epileptic drugs: some factors influencing absorption and metabolism. PMID- 1132313 TI - Epilepsy and driving. PMID- 1132314 TI - [Acro-osteolysis (acro-osteopathia ulcero-mutilans) in a worker exposed to vapours of synthetics (author's transl)]. AB - The neuro-cutaneo-osseous syndrome of "sporadic" acrosteolysis (of Bureau Barriere), localized to the ends of the feet, has occasionally been seen in workers engaged in the polymerization of vinyl chloride, A case of the disease is described in a 42-year-old worker exposed to different vapours during the manufacture of plastic products, but he had never worked with vinyl chloride. Outstanding signs were dysproteinaemia, moderate thrombocytopenia, while symptoms of Raynaud's disease as well as scleroderma-like changes in hands and feet (typical of vinyl chloride disease) were absent. The onset of the osteolytic and ulcerative process corresponded to prolonged exposure to cold on the job. It is, therefore, assumed that there was concealed chronic intoxication with synthetic vapours which, in connection with cold exposure and other individual factors, may have aided in the manifestation of the disease. It is possible that under certain conditions synthetics other than vinyl chloride may contribute to the occurrence of sporadic cases of acro-osteolysis. PMID- 1132315 TI - [Chromosome investigations in subjects with occupational lead exposure (author's transl)]. AB - The lead content in blood, the excretion of delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) in urine, and the ratio of secondary chromosomal aberrations in lymphocyte cultures were investigated in 105 workers with varying degrees of lead exposure. While the mean lead content was slightly increased (377 plus or minue 207 mug/l) the mean ALA excretion was normal (3,8 plus or minus 4.7 mg/g creatine). Chromosome investigations showed a slightly increased rate of cells with structural abnormalities (14,1 plus or minus 7.0%). Statistical evaluation of these data showed no significant correlation between the lead content in blood, ALA excretion in urine, and cytogenetic findings. No other reason for the increased rate of chromosomal aberrations could be detected. PMID- 1132316 TI - [Infusion of phenytoin concentrate in a child (author's transl)]. AB - In a four-year-old boy receiving phenytoin for seizures, the phenytoin blood level after 1000 mg phenytoin given over 24 hours alternatively intravenously (600 mg) and intramuscularly (400 mg) was found to be 14.7 mu g/ml. After 12 hours of intravenous infusion of 750 mg phenytoin concentrate the concentration was 18.7 mug/ml. When 750 mg phenytoin were given over more than 18 hours the phenytoin blood level was only 7.4 mug/ml. PMID- 1132317 TI - [Inhibition of pentagastrin-induced gastric-acid secretion by somatostatin in man (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of somatostatin on pentagastrin-induced gastric-acid secretion was measured in three healthy volunteers and four patients with duodenal ulcer. Somatostatin (100, 200 and 400 mug/h) inhibited secretory volume and acid concentration simulated by pentagastrin infusion (2 mug/kg - h), the effect being dose-dependent. In the patients with duodenal ulcer somatostatin given as a bolus (50 mug) and by subsequent infusion (150 mug/h) reduced maximal acid output after subcutaneous injection of 2.0 mug/kg pentagastrin by 68-96%. PMID- 1132318 TI - [Diabetic diarrhea]. PMID- 1132319 TI - [Hepatitis and cirrhosis]. PMID- 1132320 TI - [Smaller and larger remedies in compulsory health insurance]. PMID- 1132321 TI - [Letter: Lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 1132322 TI - [Letter: Virus etiology of facial paralysis]. PMID- 1132323 TI - [Radioimmunological estimation of triiodothyronine in plasma. Diagnostic value in an area with endemic goitre (author's transl)]. AB - In 896 patients from a low-iodine area the results of the radioimmununological triiodothyronine estimations in plasma were compared with the clinical and radioisotope findings of thyroid function. It was superior to the total thyroxine estimation (T4-test) in the differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. In euthyroid goitre the mean triiodothyronine concentration was significantly higher than in normal persons whereas the plasma thyroxine levels at the same time were significantly lower. Only in (primary) hypothyroidism is the triiodothyronine estimation diagnostically less important than the T4-test. In summary, the radioimmunochemical method permits a clearly more precise evaluation of thyroid function even in areas of endemic goitre. PMID- 1132324 TI - [Immunoblastic adenopathy: clinical features, treatment and prognosis (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical features, response to treatment and prognosis of 50 cases of immunoblastic lymph-adenopathy are reviewed. Most of the patients presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly, and fever. Hyperergic reactions such as pruritus, skin rash or eosinophilia were frequent. Erythrocytic sedimentation rate was increased by differing amounts. In some cases there was a polyclonal increase in immunoglobulins, while in others there was a reduction. Proven hypersensitivity to a wide spectrum of drugs was present in nine cases. Prognosis is uncertain: almost half of the patients died within one to forty-two months, some perhaps as a result of massive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Best management probably is symptomatic treatment alone or with small doses of corticoids or immunosuppressives, supplemented by antibiotics. It is concluded that immunoblastic lymphadenopathy represents a hyperimmune reaction and is not, despite the high death-rate, a true malignant lymphoma. PMID- 1132325 TI - [Inhalation acetylcholine test in chronic non-specific disease of the respiratory tract (author's transl)]. AB - Inhalation tests with 0.5% and 1% acetylcholine chloride wereperformed 374 times in 220 patients with chronic and non-specific respiratory disease and46 control subjects. This simple method, developed by the author, is based on spirographic registration of lungs functions before and after acetylcholine-aerosol inhalation. One hundred and thirty patients with chronic asthma-type bronchitis or intrinsic asthmaand 51 with allergic bronchial asthma had much higher incidence of positive tests [118, i.e. 43%; P less than 0.001] than the group with chronic bronchitis ]5 of 39]or the control group [3 of 46]. There was no significant difference between the lasttwo groups [ 0.5 greater than P less than 0.1]. The inhalation acetylcholine testfacilitates the differential diagnosis of asthmatic syndromes from chronic bronchitis. Ifthe test is positive this suggests an increased bronchomotor reactivity or a non-specificbronchial irritation PMID- 1132326 TI - [Alcohol and malabsorption in the pathogenesis of peripheral and central nerve damage (author's transl)]. AB - Xylose absorption was measured, within ten days of being admitted to hospital, in 54 alcoholics with neurological abnormalities. Small-intestine malabsorption was demonstrated in 19. Classified according to the customary clinical diagnoses, 16 of 49 with alcohol polyneuropathy had abnormal values, with no correlation to nerve conduction velocity. There was also no difference among 14 in predelirium and eight in delirium. However, all four patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy had a malabsorption syndrome. These results are similar, also quantitatively, to those reported in the literature in alcoholics without neurological signs. Alcohol may be involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic polyneuropathy both as a toxic factor and also via nutritional deficiency. PMID- 1132327 TI - [Correction of T wave-induced pacemaker bradycardia by quinidine (author's transl)]. AB - Intermittent pacemaker bradycardia (down to 46 and 52/min, respectively) occurred in two patients with a demand pacemaker (Variopacemaker Elema-Schonander EM 169 B with unipolar endocardial electrode EMT 288B/62). The cause was a disorder of pacemaker function by an increased or especially steeply rising T wave which, outside the refractory period of the pacemaker, was mistakenly sensed as an R wave. The rapid rise was in some additional way caused by the P wave falling onto the T wave. Quinidine bisulphate changed the shape of the T wave, and pacemaker function returned to normal. The results were confirmed by a return of the disturbance when quinidine was discontinued. PMID- 1132328 TI - [Bleeding in haemophilia during massive treatment with anti-haemophilic globulin (author's transl)]. AB - After a traffic accident, causing intracranial haemorrhage in a 15-year-old boy with moderately severe haemophilia A, severe bleeding sequelae could not be prevented despite satisfactory substitution with lyophilized antihaemophilic globulin. The bleeding was probably due to a platelet abnormality and not due to an inhibitor. The bleedings were brought under control by freshly prepared cryoprecipitate of the patient's own blood group. PMID- 1132329 TI - [The unsucessful working trial]. PMID- 1132330 TI - [Letter: Indication for kidney biopsy]. PMID- 1132331 TI - [Letter: Polaroid photography in endoscopy]. PMID- 1132332 TI - [Letter: Ambulatory antabuse therapy?]. PMID- 1132333 TI - [Letter: Smallpox vaccination]. PMID- 1132334 TI - [Letter: Zoster therapy]. PMID- 1132335 TI - [Letter: Tennis elbow]. PMID- 1132336 TI - [Treatment and prognosis of intrathoracic Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Of 220 patients with Hodgkin's disease 117 (53%) who also had mediastinal and hilar lymph-node involvement were followed between 1958 and 1971. In 13 (11%) intrathoracic involvement was the first manifestation of the tumour. In 73 patients it was in stage I or II (Rye) at time of diagnosis. Treatment consisted of irradiation and/or multiple chemotherapy. Altogether 45% survived five years and 27% ten years. However, there was no patient who was free of recurrence after ten years, i.e. none can be considered as potentially cured. PMID- 1132337 TI - [Pulmonary embolism: indication for and results of embolectomy under cardio pulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. AB - Pulmonary embolectomy under cardio-pulmonary bypass was performed in five patients with massive embolism. Two survived and were ultimately discharged; two died after 40 and 101 days, respectively, of the underlying disease; one patient- operated on under a mistaken diagnosis--was maintained under assisted circulation but died after four days of the underlying disease (cardiac failure). Indications for pulmonary embolectomy under cardiopulmonary bypass should be widened, as it is the only life-saving measure in most cases. After moderately severe pulmonary embolism (lobar embolism) indications for surgical intervention must be individualised from case to case. PMID- 1132338 TI - [Ischemic colitis]. PMID- 1132339 TI - [Conservative ileus therapy: endoscopic therapeutic aids]. PMID- 1132340 TI - [Chronic lymphatic leukemia: disorders of lymphocyte kinetics. Pathophysiological aspects and therapeutic consideration]. PMID- 1132341 TI - [Letter: Retro-orbital fibrosis in Ormond'sdisease]. PMID- 1132342 TI - [Letter: G-oligoclonal gammopathy]. PMID- 1132343 TI - [Letter: Inhibition of immune suppression]. PMID- 1132344 TI - [Letter: Smoking during hypothyroidism therapy]. PMID- 1132345 TI - [Letter: Ovulation of inhibitors in the climacteric]. PMID- 1132346 TI - [The diagnosis of gall-stones by ultrasonics (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasonic and radiological tests were compared in 267 patients suspected of having gall-stones. Radiological diagnosis was not possible in 20, because of lack of opacification, while in nine a gall-bladder was not demonstrable by ultrasound. In 226 the two tests coincided (positively or negatively), with 21 negative cholecystograms being interpreted as proof of stone. Seven of twelve discordant results were proven at operation: in three the ultrasonic, in four the radiological diagnosis was confirmed. Because of its accuracy, simplicity and absence of any risk ultrasonics is recommended as the first test to be performed if cholelithiasis is suspected. PMID- 1132347 TI - [Diagnosis of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 1132348 TI - [Therapy of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 1132349 TI - [Hemodynamic basis of acute myocardial infarct therapy]. PMID- 1132350 TI - [New regulation of medical specialtics in Nordrhine-Westphalial]. PMID- 1132351 TI - [Letter: Canceling of compulsory smallpox vaccination?]. PMID- 1132352 TI - [Letter: Recurring ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 1132353 TI - [Letter: Testicular feminization]. PMID- 1132354 TI - [Letter: Thiamine activity and zero diet]. PMID- 1132355 TI - [Letter: Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 1132356 TI - [Phenacetin and renal damage: a follow-up study (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-five persons, known between 1962 and 1965 to have taken phenacetin containing analgesics in large amounts but having normal renal function without urinary infection, were re-examined in 1973. Eleven had died in the meantime, two in renal failure. Of the remaining 34 all but three had normal renal function, although some of them had continued to take large amounts of phenacetin containing drugs. The results confirm the view that morbidity and mortality of long-standing phenacetin abuse is probably very low. PMID- 1132357 TI - [Respiratory functions in parkinsonian patients with predominant akinesia during treatment with decarboxylase-blocked L-dopa (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of decarboxylase (DC)-blocked L-dopa (proportion of 4: 1) on respiratory function was tested by spirometry in 30 patients with Parkinson's disease. It was possible to improve restrictive ventilatory abnormalities of extra-pulmonary origin (weakness of respiratory musculature). Vital capacity (VC) increased by 0.21 litre. Thisincrease was due to a raised inspiratory capacity and thus an increase in the active part of ventilation. Forced expiration volume (FEV1) was improved by 0.32 litre, FEV1/VC remaining unchanged, which demonstrates that the restrictive ventilatory abnormality was affected. Inspiratory volume (VT) and minute volume at constant respiratory rate increased by 0.07 and 1.171, respectively. These results must be interpreted with caution, but they suggest a raised metabolic level with regained mobility during treatment. All quoted results, except those of respiratory rate and minute volume, were statistically significant (2 mu equals 0.01). PMID- 1132358 TI - [The place of isotope scanning in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases (author's transl)]. AB - 259 isotope scans of the pancreas, done between 1966 and 1973, were analysed. In 62 cases the results of operation or necropsy findings were also available. In 43 of these 62 patients the scans could be diagnostically evaluated, the others being "negative". Among the 43, agreement with operative or necroptic findings existed in 35. All the malignant pancreatic tumours diagnosed by scanning were no longer operable. The place of isotope scanning is seen in general pancreatic diagnosis, especially on careful combination with clinical, special radiological and biochemical studies. PMID- 1132359 TI - [Doppler measurement of arterial pressure for assessing therapeutic measures after arterial occlusion (author's transl)]. AB - Arterial pressure differences between arm and foot arteries can be easily measured by the Doppler method and in this way the gradient across an arterial occlusion of the lower limbs approximately quantified. An increase in gradient after induced ischemia is inversely proportional to its compensation. Pre- and postoperative measurements on 51 limbs demonstrated that functional results of arterial reconstruction can be thus assessed and their further course objectified. PMID- 1132360 TI - [Early diagnosis of carcinoma of the Fallopian tube by cervical smear (author's transl)]. AB - A case of primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube was discovered on routine mass screening of cervical smears. There were no symptoms and gynaecological findings were unremarkable. Atypical glandular epithelia in the smear may not, therefore, be adenocarcinoma of the cervix or body of the uterus, but could also be from an extrauterine carcinoma, especially if cervical scrapings are negative. PMID- 1132361 TI - [Neurologic findings in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 1132362 TI - [Smoking inhibition in continuing education meetings]. PMID- 1132363 TI - [Letter: Artificial pancreas]. PMID- 1132364 TI - [Letter: Indications for chloramphenicol]. PMID- 1132365 TI - [Letter: Control of fetal heart sounds and placenta localization]. PMID- 1132366 TI - [Letter: Therapy of peripheral peroneus paresis]. PMID- 1132367 TI - [Dipropylacetamide in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis]. AB - Dipropylacetamide, which was first used as a treatment of epilepsy, turned out to be also a normalizing agent of the periodic avolution of manic-depressive psychosis. The therapeutic action of dipropylacetamide has several effects: 1) total suppression of the fits; 2) reduced intensity of these fits; 3) increasing lapse of time between two fits; 4) greatest response to anti-depressants and neuroleptics which can be prescribed in much smaller doses. More manic than depressive states respond to dipropylacetamide. The average doses are about 900 mg or so. Cautiousness if advisable at the beginning of the treatment on account of the use of sedatives; but the treatment is extremely well received and accepted by the patients during periods of several years without the requirement of biological controls. Associating lithium with dipropylacetamide often yields remarkable results. PMID- 1132368 TI - [Pharmacopsychoses during drug addiction]. AB - Widespread use of certain drugs (amphetamines, L.S.D., hypnotics) in France, allowed us to observe more than 200 cases of acute or chronic psychoses among addicts. Sometimes these are transitory outburst but the occurrence of a delusional psychosis with long range evolution raises a difficult diagnosis problem in relation to functional psychoses. The emphasis should be put on respective roles of the drug and of a predisposed mental state. Circumstances of beginning, apparently direct relationship between drug taking and pathological symptoms, therapy efficiency, absence of earlier pathological traits (as in many of our patients) and relapse when intoxication starts again, are in favour of a pharmacological origin of the troubles. PMID- 1132369 TI - [Anxiety-trait, anxiety-state, real change, apparent change]. AB - After reviewing the different techniques assessing state-axniety, the authors emphasize the difficulties to distinguish state from trait on the sole basis of factorial content. Results obtained on different samples (mental patients, surgical patients and normal subjects)through two new anxiety self-rating scales (trait and state) are presented. On the basis of these results, the authors show the usefulness of the score indicating the discrepancy between trait and state levels. It appear that the direction (positive or negative) of the difference between trait and state levels gives a better evaluation of the actual state than the state score alone. The results imply the utilization of both self-rating scales (trait and state) in order to obtain the optimal assessment of the state. PMID- 1132370 TI - [Free fatty acids and cholesterol plasma levels following oxytocin administration in women with hypothalamic syndrome and simple obesity]. PMID- 1132371 TI - [Treatment of diabetes insipidus with clofibrate, chlorpropamide and amizepine]. PMID- 1132372 TI - [Effect of subtotal adrenalectomy on growth hormone secretion in Cushing's disease]. PMID- 1132374 TI - [Male internal pseudohermaphroditism in a 7-year-old boy]. PMID- 1132373 TI - [Effect of growth hormone (cattle somatotropin) on total blood volume, extracellular water space as well as blood glucose and Hb content in growing arctic foxes]. PMID- 1132375 TI - [Marie-Sainton syndrome (cleidocranial dysostosis) associated with osseous changes in the hand]. PMID- 1132376 TI - [Examinations of dried mucus of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 1132377 TI - [Drying of the uterine cervix mucus in successive stages of the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 1132378 TI - [Scintigraphic picture of thyroid nodules following Tc99m and J-133 administration]. PMID- 1132379 TI - [Our observations on surgical treatment of struma]. PMID- 1132380 TI - [Indications for surgical treatment of retrosternal struma in elderly patients]. PMID- 1132381 TI - [Surgical treatment of struma in elderly patients]. PMID- 1132382 TI - The influence of aminophylline and of propranolol upon the mitogenic effect of oestradiol. PMID- 1132383 TI - Editorial: Science and communications. PMID- 1132384 TI - Editorial: Whither air pollution research? PMID- 1132385 TI - A study of the N2O5-SO2-O3 reaction system. AB - Infrared spectroscopy was used to follow the rates of the chemical changes in gaseous N(2)O(5)-SO(2) and N(2)O(5)-SO(2)-O(3) mixtures. Several results of interest to atmospheric scientists were obtained. (I) SO(3) was not a detectable product of these reaction systems, and no significant SO(2) removal occurred. From the kinetic treatment of these results, estimates were derived for the upper limits of the rate constants of the reactions 1 and 2: NO(3) + SO(2) leads to NO(2) + SO(3) (1); N2O5 +SO2 leads to N(2)O(4) + SO(3) (2); k(1) less than or equal to 4.2 1. mole-minus 1sec-minus 1; k(2) less than or equal to 2.5 x 10 minus 2 1. mole-minus1sec-minus 1 at 30 degrees C. These data suggest that reactions 1 and 2 are not important removal paths for SO(2) in the sunlight irradiated, NO(x)hydrocarbon polluted atmospheres. (II) The near ultraviolet absorption spectrum of pure N(2)O(5) has been determined. From these results and estimates of the actinic irradiance, it was shown that the rate of photochemical decomposition of N(2)O(5) by the absorption of solar light in the urban atmosphere is an unimportant factor among the reactions which establish the N(2)O(5) and NO(3) concentrations. (III) It has been observed that gaseous SO(3) and NO(2) react rapidly to form a relatively nonvolatile white solid. Preliminary data suggest a 1:1 mole ratio for this adduct. The significance, if any, of this and related compounds in urban aerosol formation must be evaluated. PMID- 1132386 TI - Conformational isomerism in Na3[Co(NO2)6]. PMID- 1132387 TI - Prevention of sewage pollution by stabilization ponds. AB - Water is polluted when it constitutes a health hazard or when its usefulness is impaired. The major sources of water pollution are municipal, manufacturing, mining, steam, electric power, cooling and agricultural. Municipal or sewage pollution forms a greater part of the man's activity and it is the immediate need of even smaller communities of today to combat sewage pollution. It is needless to stress that if an economic balance of the many varied services which a stream or a body of water is called upon to render is balanced and taken into consideration one could think of ending up in a wise management programme. In order to eliminate the existing water pollutional levels of the natural water one has to think of preventive and treatment methods. Of the various conventional and non-conventional methods of sewage treatment known today, in India, where the economic problems are complex, the waste stabilization ponds have become popular over the last two decades to let Public Health Engineers use them with confidence as a simple and reliable means of treatment of sewage and certain industrial wastes, at a fraction of the cost of conventional waste treatment plants used hitherto. A waste stabilization pond makes use of natural purification processes involved in an ecosystem through the regulating of such processes. The term "waste stabilization pond" in its simplest form is applied to a body of water, artificial or natural, employed with the intention of retaining sewage or organic waste waters until the wastes are rendered stable and inoffensive for discharge into receiving waters or on land, through physical, chemical and biological processes commonly referred to as "self-purification" and involving the symbiotic action of algae and bacteria under the influence of sunlight and air. Organic matter contained in the waste is stabilized and converted in the pond into more stable matter in the form of algal cells which find their way into the effluent and hence the term "stabilization pond". PMID- 1132388 TI - Emission control of gas effluents from geothermal power plants. AB - Geothermal steam at the world's five largest power plants contains from 0.15 to 30% noncondensable gases including CO(2), H(2)S, H(2), CH(4), N(2), H(3)BO(3), and NH(3). At four of the plants the gases are first separated from the steam and then discharged to the environment; at the fifth, the noncondensables exhaust directly to the atmosphere along with spent steam. Some CO(2) and sulfur emission rates rival those from fossil-fueled plants on a per megawatt-day basis. The ammonia and boron effluents can interfere with animal and plant life. The effects of sulfur (which emerges as H(2)S but may oxidize to SO(2)) on either ambient air quality or longterm human health are largely unknown. Most geothermal turbines are equipped with direct contact condensers which complicate emission control because they provide two or more pathways for the effluents to reach the environment. Use of direct contact condensers could permit efficient emission control if coupled to processes that produce saleable quantities of purified carbon dioxide and elemental sulfur. PMID- 1132389 TI - The occurrence of mercury in amphibia. AB - Studies have been made of the distribution of mercury and its occurrence as methylmercury in the organs of amphibia collected from different sites mainly in Slovenia, Yugoslavia, including the area around the mercury mine at Idrija. Liver accumulates the highest amounts of mercury, up to 2 ppm in apparent background areas, with values up to 0.5 ppm in muscle, where virtually all mercury is present in the methyl form. Results are reported for some other trace elements in liver. Amphibia may provide useful monitors of the occurrence and spread of mercury contamination. PMID- 1132390 TI - Lead levels in human deciduous teeth in Tennessee. AB - Deciduous teeth were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy for lead content to ascertain the extent of lead exposure in certain areas in Tennessee. The data were analyzed to clarify the relationships between tooth lead content and race, sex, age, tooth type, economic status, and place of residence. Results indicated that blacks had slightly higher lead concentrations than whites; however, the age and sex of the person or the type of tooth analyzed had little effect upon the lead content. The major factors were shown to be economic status and, indirectly, place of residence. PMID- 1132391 TI - Properties of enzymes. II. Comparative study of superoxide dismutase activity in rat tissues. AB - Consideration and comparison of specific superoxide dismutase activities shows that--of the values calculated for the same wet weight--the superoxide dismutase activity of the liver is more than twice that of the other tissues. This indicates the important metabolism-directing role of the liver. The large amount of superoxide dismutase (even the tissular superoxide dismutase alone) protects the tissues from the effects of the O(2)-radical, and the function of the superoxide dismutase probably opposing the cytochrome P-450 may be important as regards the hydroxylase effect. PMID- 1132392 TI - Evidence for the placental origin of hyaluronidase in the maternal circulation. AB - The level of maternal serum hyaluronidase activity was shown to rise during pregnancy. Investigation of non-pregnant females did not demonstrate hormonal control of enzyme activity. The findings of a quantitative increase in serum hyaluronidase activity during pregnancy is presented in conjunction with previous evidence of a qualitative change in this enzyme as evidence for a placental origin of the increased activity demonstrated. PMID- 1132393 TI - Changes in enzyme and metabolite content of effluent perfusate during preservation of dog kidneys by Collins' method. AB - Enzyme and metabolite content of effuent perfusate has been investigated. One kidney was removed from dogs and preserved by Collin's method. The animals were then bled to a mean arterial blood pressure of 5.26 KPa (40 mm Hg) and maintained at this pressure for 60 min after which the other kidney was removed and preserved in a similar way. 10-ml samples of effluent perfusate were taken immediately, and after 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h. Acid phosphatase, arylsulphatase "A", ss-glucuronidase, LDH, leucin-aminopeptidase, lactic acid and pyruvic acid were determined by fluorometric methods. It was found that the activity of the enzymes rose parallel with the duration of preservation, the rise was especially great at 48 and 72 h. Activity of LDH and arylsulphatase "A" was significantly higher even at the beginning of preservation in the group of kidneys exposed in vivo to hypotension. This significant difference was present at 24, 48 und 72 h in the activity of all enzymes. PMID- 1132395 TI - Glycolytic enzymes in the normal human term placenta. AB - The enzymes hexokinase (HK), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in villous tissue homogenates and cell fractions of normal human term placentas. Although lowest in activity and probably rate limiting in glycolysis, hexokinase is theoretically adequate to phosphorylate the total amount of glucose metabolized. PGM and PK activity were in the same range exceeding HK by 10-15 times, suggesting a largely increased breakdown of glycogen-derived glucose in situations of need. Substantially higher LDH activities may reflect the placental ability to utilize lactate from both mother and fetus. Of all enzymes only hexokinase was found to be associated with the particulate matter in considerable amounts. PMID- 1132394 TI - Investigation of localization of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) in subfraction of rat liver mitochondria. AB - Subfractionation of the purified preparations of mitochondria was performed according to Schnaitman's digitonin method. In some experiments, polyvinyl sulphate (PVS) was added to the medium during the preparation and subfractionation of mitochondria. The formation of the "fluffy layer" was not observed in the presence of PVS. The "fluffy layer" was either removed or left within the pellet during the separation of the subfraction of mitoplasts from the supernate containing the outer membrane as well as the inter-membrane space. The monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was determined by means of our own modification of Tabor's method. In this way the influence of aldehyde oxidase upon the obtained results could be eliminated. A part of MAO activity was found in the subfraction of mitoplasts both in the presence and absence of PVS in the medium. The obtained results suggest double localization of MAO both in the outer and inner membrane. The influence of the method of determination of MAO activity on the evaluation of its intra-mitochondrial activity has been discussed. PMID- 1132396 TI - Antitumour immunity--1. Differential response of neuraminidase-treated and x irradiated tumour vaccine. PMID- 1132397 TI - Carbamylhydrazine hydrochloride as a lung and blood vessel tumour inducer in Swiss mice. PMID- 1132398 TI - Mammary cancer produced in mice with estriol. PMID- 1132399 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of peculair lymphoid cells in the thymus during the perinatal period in mice, Correlation with radioleukemogenesis. PMID- 1132400 TI - Enzyme histochemical pattern in human tumours. II. Oxidoreductases in carcinoma of the colon and the breast. PMID- 1132401 TI - An immuno-ultrastructural study of surface immunoglobulins in metastasizing and non-metastasizing hamster lymphomas. PMID- 1132402 TI - Carcinomas of the esophagus in rats ingesting diethylnitrosamine. PMID- 1132403 TI - The relationship of cellular metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene to the ind-uction of cytotoxicity and cell transformation in fetal hamster cells in vitro. PMID- 1132404 TI - Cytokinetic considerations of murine neuroblastoma (C1300) as a screening model for the childhood disease. PMID- 1132405 TI - "What's in a name?" A look at the nomenclature of a-v conduction. PMID- 1132406 TI - The human atrioventricular junctional area. A morphological study of the A-V node and bundle. AB - A study has been conducted into the morphological arrangement of the atrioventricular junctional area of human heart. The area was investigated in infantile, child, young adult, middle-aged, and old nodes. Although marked individual and ageing variations were observed, a general pattern of nodal architecture could be distinguished. The junctional area was therefore divided into four areas: (1) a transitional zone, (2) the compact node, (3) the penetrating bundle, and (4) the branching bundle. The transitional zone was intermediate between atrial myocardium and compact nodal specialized myocardium, but itself exhibited specialized characteristics. An important connection of the zone was to the myocardium of the left side of the interatrial septum. The compact node was itself composed of two segments which approached each other anteriorly from the mitral and tricuspid extremities of the septal anulus fibrosus. The junction of compact node and penetrating bundle could not be distinguished using cytological criteria. It was arbitrarily defined as the last point to make contact with transitional cells. Tissue distal to this was considered as penetrating bundle. A bypass tract was defined as any fiber contacting the bundle distal to this point, but such tracts were not observed in normal hearts. The branching bundle originated at the point of bifurcation of the penetrating bundle. PMID- 1132407 TI - Ventricular preexcitation. A proposed nomenclature for its substrates. AB - The working party on ventricular preexcitation of the European Society of Cardiology has debated nomenclature of the syndrome at several meetings. This communication presents the terminology proposed by the morphologists within the study group on behalf of the other members. It is suggested that the problem should be approached on the basis of possibilities of avoiding the delay producing area of the atrioventricular junctional region or short-circuiting the specialized ventricular conduction pathways. Thus we propose that the following pathways or contingencies are relevant to preexcitation: (1) accessory atrioventricular muscle bundles; (2) accessory nodoventricular muscle bundles, (3) atriofasicular bypass fibers, (4) fasciculoventricular accessory connections, (5) intranodal bypass fibers, and (6) nodal malformations. Each of these possibilities is defined, or, where only hypothetical, is discussed. In the case of the first two definitions, anatomical variations are indicated which satisfy the basic definition. Thus accessory atrioventricular bundles can be either septal or parietal, and can be composed of either specialized or nonspecialized myocardium. Nodoventricular bundles can connect either the transitional cell zone or the compact nodal region of the junctional area to the ventricular septum. Comparison is made of the new nomenclature with terms in present usage. PMID- 1132408 TI - Hemodynamic and angiographic changes after Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. AB - After Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries, hemodynamic and angiocardiographic changes were evaluated in 25 patients. In 19 patients, postoperative studies were done electively and, in 6 patients, they were required to investigate symptoms of heart failure, these symptoms were temporary in 4 patients and progressive in 2. Both of the latter had pulmonary venous obstruction which was later relieved successfully by reoperation. After operation, systemic arterial oxygen saturation and blood pressure increased and polycythemia disappeared in every patient. However, several complications-some of them unsuspected clinically-were identified by cardiac catheterization: (a) patch detachment in 5 patients; (b) obstruction of superior vena caval return in 10 patients; (c) obstruction of inferior vena return in 1 patient; and (d) pulmonary venous obstruction in 2 patients. The incidence of pulmonary or systemic venous obstruction was higher in patients who had a Dacron intraatrial baffle (8 of 19 patients). Comparison of 21 sets of preoperative and postoperative right ventricular angiograms demonstrated an increase in right ventricular trabeculations in each patient, poorer right ventricular contractility in 12 patients, and development of tricuspid insufficiency in nine patients. None of the patients with poor right ventricular contractility had had surgical ventriculotomy. Although Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries is effective in relieving cyanosis, it may be followed by obstruction to systemic or pulmonary venous return, intraatrial patch detachment, tricuspid insufficiency and angiocardiographic evidences of poor right ventricular contractility. PMID- 1132409 TI - Left ventricular contraction and relaxation in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - The relationship of left ventricular relaxation and compliance to the mechanism of elevation of left ventricular enddiastolic pressure during ischemia was investigated. Isovolumic left ventricular contraction, relaxation, and diastolic pressure-volume relationship were studied in controls and in coronary heart disease patients. Patients were studied at similar heart rates during ergometric exercise and pacing. Diastolic aortic, left ventricular systolic, and incisural pressure were not significantly different in both groups at rest, pacing, and exercise. Left ventricular dP/dtmax increased during pacing and exercise in controls (P smaller than 0.05; P smaller than 0.01) and in coronary heart disease patients (P smaller than 0.01 for both); whereas left ventricular dP/dtmin increased only in controls during exercise (P smaller than 0.01). Peak measured velocity of shortening (Vpm) and of lengthening (Vpmr) of the contractile elements was calculated as (dP/dt)/p. Vpm and Vpmr increased in controls during both pacing (P smaller than 0.05; P smaller than 0.02) and exercise (P smaller than 0.01 for both). In coronary heart disease patients Vpm increased during pacing (P smaller than 0.01) while Vpmr did not differ significantly. During exercise both Vpm and Vpmr were unchanged. In patients with coronary heart disease paced to angina, diastolic logarithmic pressure-volume relationship showed change in slope (P smaller than 0.05) of the regression line and upward shift in intercept b (+0.25; P smaller than 0.001). Ischemia produced an impaired contractile state, delayed relaxation and generation of active diastolic tone in the intact ventricle. PMID- 1132410 TI - Hemoglobin oxygen affinty in patients with low-output heart failure and cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infaraction. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the oxigen affinity actually present in vivo in blood from patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction had normal value of P50 in vivo (partial pressure of oxygen at which 50 percent of the hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen at fixed levels of pHand PC02 present in vivo). Also the values of P50 in vivo of blood from patients with low cardiac output with mild or severe heart failured did not differ from the normal mean. This was the consequence of an increase of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate levels (which reduces the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin) and of the immediate effect of alkalosis (Bohr effect). By contrast, the values of P50 in vivo were significantly increased in patients with cardiogenic shock. This could be ascribed to the state of acute acidiosis present in these patients. In these conditions the changes in the values of P50 in vivo play an important role in the oxygen delivery to the tissues. However, high values of P50 do not enhance oxygen delivery when a severe arterial hypoxemia (P02 smaller than 40-45 mm Hg) is also present. PMID- 1132411 TI - Calcified intramural fibroma of the left ventricle. AB - A calcified intramural fibroma of the left ventricle in a 20-yr-old patient with a severe chest pain was studied. The chest film showed a cardiac silhouette with a prominent left border, and a large calcification inside. Surgical removal was impossible. The histological examination demonstrated a typical fibroma. PMID- 1132412 TI - Tissue-specific histones in the erythrocytes of chicken and turtle. PMID- 1132413 TI - Electron microscopic analysis of the modulation of lymphocyte receptor mobility. PMID- 1132414 TI - Studies on nucleoli of maturing human erythroblasts. PMID- 1132415 TI - Reaction of lectins with human erythrocytes. I. Factors governing the agglutination reaction. PMID- 1132416 TI - Protein synthesis requirement for the cytokinin effect upon tobacco cell division. PMID- 1132417 TI - Non-histone protein phosphorylation in normal and neoplastic rat liver chromatin. PMID- 1132418 TI - Changes in the levels of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases during the transition of the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii from yeast-like to mycelial growth. PMID- 1132419 TI - Binding and subcellular localization of tritiated cytochalasin D. PMID- 1132420 TI - Alterations in membrane surface properties during cell differentiation as measured by partition in aqueous two-polymer phase systems. PMID- 1132421 TI - The effect of concanavalin A on transferrin and iron uptake by rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 1132422 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy on bulk prepared neuronal and glial cells. PMID- 1132423 TI - Ribosome-membrane association in fat body tissues from reproductively active females of Leucophaea maderae. PMID- 1132424 TI - Effects of lysolecithin and synthetic analogs on Concanavalin A induced agglutination of chicken, human and bovine erythrocytes. PMID- 1132425 TI - Circadian rhythm of oxygen evolution in cell fragments of Acetabularia mediterranea. PMID- 1132426 TI - Characterisation of DNA from condensed and dispersed human chromatin. PMID- 1132427 TI - Synthesis of RNA containing polyadenylic acid in resting and stimulated human lymphocytes. PMID- 1132428 TI - Recovery of HeLa cells from inhibited entry into mitosis induced by p fluorophenylalanine. PMID- 1132429 TI - Rapid turnover of non-histone chromosomal proteins in skeletal muscle. PMID- 1132430 TI - The duration of the cell cycle of Daucus carota l. in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 1132431 TI - Population analysis of arrested human diploid fibroblasts by flow microfluorometry. PMID- 1132432 TI - A correlation between newly induced gene activity and an enhancement of mitochondrial enzyme activity in the salivary glands of Drosophila. PMID- 1132433 TI - Further studies on preservation of the beating rhythm of myocardial cells in culture. PMID- 1132434 TI - Pronuclear synthesis of DNA in fertilized and parthenogenetically activated mouse eggs. PMID- 1132435 TI - Electron microscopy of human skin fibroblasts in situ during growth in culture. PMID- 1132436 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of isopropyl N-phenyl carbamate. PMID- 1132437 TI - RNA complementary to unique DNA sequences in normal and animalized sea urchin embryos. PMID- 1132438 TI - Immobilization of lymphocytes at surfaces by lectins. PMID- 1132439 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects and synthesis of thyroglobulin in thyroid cultures before and after transplantation in hypophysectomized rats]. PMID- 1132440 TI - An electrophoretic analysis of the basic nuclear proteins of ram spermatids. PMID- 1132441 TI - Protein synthesis and ribosome activation during the early stages of phytohemagglutinin lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 1132442 TI - Differential accessibility of DNA in extended and condensed chromatin to pancreatic DNase I. PMID- 1132443 TI - Changes of liver and kidney polyamine levels during aging. PMID- 1132444 TI - The effect of prednisolone phosphate on the life-span of DBA/2J mice. PMID- 1132445 TI - Deficiency in accessory protein of native 40S ribosomal subunits in the liver of aging rats. PMID- 1132446 TI - Transcription of unique and reiterated DNA sequences in mouse liver and brain tissues as a function of age. PMID- 1132447 TI - Ageing changes in the brain of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor--III. Free amino acid and ascorbic acid contents in whole brain and brain parts. PMID- 1132448 TI - Altered regulation of protein synthesis during aging as determined by in vitro ribosomal assays. PMID- 1132449 TI - The migratory activity of rat epidermal cells in vitro--age-related changes and the effect of serum. PMID- 1132450 TI - Effect of somatotropin on the collagen contents of bone, cartilage and tendon in young male garden lizards. PMID- 1132451 TI - Altered protein hypothesis of mammalian ageing processes-II. Discrimination ratio of methionine vs ethionine in the synthesis of ribosomal protein and RNA of C57BL/6J mouse liver. PMID- 1132452 TI - Age-changes in basic proteins of the brain and brain parts in the male garden lizard. PMID- 1132453 TI - New aspects of the dietary effect of life prolongation in rodents. What is the role of obesity in aging? PMID- 1132454 TI - Leucine incorporation into proteins and cathepsin -D activity in human skeletal muscles. The influence of the age of the subject. PMID- 1132455 TI - Glycolipid and glycoprotein sialytransferase enzyme activity in denervated skeletal muscle. PMID- 1132456 TI - Effects of anti-parkinsonian drugs on the motor activity and EEG of cats with subthalamic lesions. PMID- 1132457 TI - Anatomical evidence for a projection from the entorhinal cortex to the contralateral dentate gyrus of the rat. PMID- 1132458 TI - Axonal patterns in olfactory cortex after olfactory bulb removal in newborn rats. PMID- 1132459 TI - The migration of oculomotor neuroblasts across the midline in the chick embryo. PMID- 1132460 TI - Temporal factors in recovery of function after brain damage. PMID- 1132461 TI - Restoration of function in the paralyzed diaphragm. PMID- 1132462 TI - Effect of chronic phenobarbital administration upon brain growth of the infant rat. PMID- 1132463 TI - Effect of mild hypoxia on delyaed differentiation in the monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 1132464 TI - Effects of histrionicotoxin on the chemosensitive and electrical properties of skeletal muscle. PMID- 1132465 TI - Dynamic overshoot in saccadic eye movements is caused by neurological control signed reversals. PMID- 1132466 TI - The effects of X-irradiation on the postnatally-forming granule cell populations in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and cerebellum of the rat. PMID- 1132467 TI - Multiple units in brain stem and forebrain during the first week of life in the rat. PMID- 1132468 TI - Quantitative characteristics of inhibition in the cuneate nucleus of the cat. PMID- 1132469 TI - Population analysis of single units in the cuneate nucleus of the cat. PMID- 1132470 TI - Thalamic afferents to the rostral portions of the middle suprasylvian gyrus in the cat. PMID- 1132472 TI - Overlapping saccades and glissades are produced by fatigue in the saccadic eye movement system. PMID- 1132471 TI - Accelerated recovery from peripheral nerve injury in experimental hyperthyroidism. PMID- 1132473 TI - Spectral changes accompanying the interaction between metal ligands and concanavalin A. PMID- 1132474 TI - Enrichment of lymphocytes with cholesterol and its effect on lymphocyte activation. PMID- 1132475 TI - Phylogeny of neurophysins: partial amino acid sequence of a sheep neurophysin. PMID- 1132476 TI - A protein difference associated with defects of the Purkinje cell in staggerer and nervous mutant mice. PMID- 1132477 TI - A donor-acceptor substrate of the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase from Streptomyces R61. PMID- 1132478 TI - Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase interconversion in isolated hepatocytes by the mitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio. PMID- 1132479 TI - Changes in membrane constituents during differentiation of rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 1132480 TI - Differential translation of rabbit globin mRNA. Effect of concentrations of creatine phosphate, ATP and GTP. PMID- 1132481 TI - Poly(A)-containing cytoplasmic RNA in dormant cysts of Artemia salina. PMID- 1132482 TI - On the properties of matrix bound lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 1132483 TI - The phosphorylation of ascites cell ribosomes in vivo: identification of a phosphorylated protein of the small ribosomal subunit by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1132484 TI - In vivo incorporation of (14-C) lysine into the endosperm proteins of wild type and high-lysine barley. PMID- 1132485 TI - Gluconeogenesis from D-tagatose by isolated rat and hamster liver cells. PMID- 1132486 TI - Evidence for binding of gastrin to ligandin, a cell cytosol protein. PMID- 1132487 TI - Crystallization and properties of cysteine desulfhydrase from Aerobacter aerogenes. PMID- 1132488 TI - Stabilization of different conformational states of L-type pyruvate kinase from rat liver by the allosteric inhibitors alanine and ATP. PMID- 1132489 TI - Formation of uroporphyrinogen IV during the chemical dimerization of 2 aminomethyl-3',3'-carboxymethyl-4,4' (beta-carboxyethyl) dipyrrylmethane. PMID- 1132490 TI - [Studies of the structure of chloroplast membranes isolated from wild type and a mutant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii without photosystem i activity]. PMID- 1132491 TI - The mechanism of fatty acid uptake by heart mitochondria: an acylcarnitine carnitine exchange. PMID- 1132492 TI - Fractionation by affinity chromatography of proteins of rat liver nuclear 30S particles. PMID- 1132493 TI - The effect of 6-phosphogluconate on the activity of glutathione-reductase in membrane-free hemolysates of normal human red blood cells. PMID- 1132494 TI - The minimum effective amount of uncouplers for rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 1132495 TI - Inhibition of platelet aggregation and the platelet release reaction by alpha, omega diadenosine polyphosphates. PMID- 1132496 TI - Spectroscopic evidence for the interaction of phalloidin with actin. PMID- 1132497 TI - Crystals of human erythrocyte glutathione reductase. PMID- 1132499 TI - Investigations on the binding of soluble GAPDH to the membrane fraction of rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 1132498 TI - Isoelectric focusing of isoenzymes of human liver alpha-L-fucosidase. PMID- 1132500 TI - Amino acid sequence homology in the active site of rabbit, beef, whale and calamary muscle aldolases. PMID- 1132501 TI - The effect of some antibiotics on protein synthesis activity of in vitro reconstituted rough membrane from rat liver. PMID- 1132502 TI - Identification of concanavalin A-binding plasma membrane antigens of rat liver. PMID- 1132503 TI - Salt and temperature induced conformational changes of phosphate-rich and phosphate-depleted avian erythrocyte specific histone V (f2c). PMID- 1132504 TI - Evidence for 20, 22-epoxycholesterol as an intermediate in side-chain cleavage of 22-R-OH cholesterol by adrenal cortex mitochondria. PMID- 1132505 TI - Glycerol permeability of camel and hamster erythrocytes. PMID- 1132506 TI - Localization of the monoglyceride pathway enzymes in the villus tips of intestinal cells and their absence from the brush-border. PMID- 1132507 TI - The peptide moiety of the region carrying the carbohydrate chains of the human parotid glycoprotein. PMID- 1132508 TI - The cleavage of the ether linkage of O-methyl serine by the alkyl cysteine lyase of Acacia farnesiana. PMID- 1132509 TI - Nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles of higher plants. PMID- 1132510 TI - [Determination of the structure of a heptasaccharide isolated from human milk: lacto-n-fucoheptaose]. PMID- 1132511 TI - Synchronous appearance of adenine nucleotide translocase activity and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria from flight-muscle of the developing sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. PMID- 1132512 TI - A novel approach to the study of mammalian cell-membranes using deuterium NMR. PMID- 1132513 TI - Synergistic inhibition of adenylosuccinate synthetase by nitrate and GDP. PMID- 1132514 TI - Tungsten, a component of active formate dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoacetium. PMID- 1132515 TI - Photochemical effects associated with the copper absorption bands of the native hemocyanin from Octopus vulgaris. PMID- 1132516 TI - A new and rapid method for the isolation of myosin from small amounts of muscle and non-muscle tissue by affinity chromatography. PMID- 1132517 TI - A solid phase method for peptide sequencing from the carboxyl terminus. PMID- 1132518 TI - Energy transfer in photosynthesis: pigment concentration effects and fluorescent lifetimes. PMID- 1132519 TI - Editorial: On shipping biologicals. PMID- 1132520 TI - Letter: An open letter to Senator Adlai Stevenson. 31 January 1975. PMID- 1132521 TI - Nutrition, behavioral development, and mother-child interaction in young rural children. AB - In a poor rural community two groups of 17 mother-child units each were studied longitudinally. One group followed the usual feeding habits of the community which result in undernutrition of the child. The other group was provided food supplementation which was sufficient to provide an adequate diet for the child. From the 24th week on, the supplemented children developed a different pattern of interaction with mother and the environment: they slept less, barely used the cradle during the day, played more in the yard, and refused to be carried wrapped up. After the 36th week they received more stimuli and more deferences and rewards, not only from the mother but from the father as well. At 18 months the supplemented children moved about six times as much as the nonsupplemented and exhibited more complex behavior. They were more restless, playful, demanding, disobedient. It is concluded that better nutrition caused an increase in the activity of the child, which made him more demanding, which in turn increased interaction with his mother and established a feedback system, which in turn modified his behavior. PMID- 1132522 TI - Maternal malnutrition and the neonatal environment. AB - Altered behavioral development was observed in suckling rats from dams fed a low protein diet either during gestation or during the lactation period. Lactational malnutrition markedly depressed all behaviors displayed by the suckling young. These included litter fragmentation, pup climbing, rearing, feeding, and drinking behavior. Although less severe, pups from a dam fed a deficient diet during gestation displayed the same altered behavioral development. Moreover, small birth weight pups born from well-nourished dams also showed delayed behavioral development. Contact with pups was increased in dams who were malnourished during the lactation period or who were nursing pups from dams malnourished during the gestation period. Results support in part the hypothesis that malnourished early in life "functionally isolates" the developing animal from its immediate environment. PMID- 1132523 TI - Development of synchrony in mother-infant interaction in feeding and other situations. PMID- 1132524 TI - Failure to thrive: socioeconomic, dietary intake and mother-child interaction data. AB - This is a report on the socioeconomic background, dietary intake, and mother child interaction of children who are on or below the third percentile curve and a contrast group on or above the 25th percentile curve for height and weight of the Boston Growth Standards. Gross family income did not differentiate between groups at a statistically significant level; however, the taller and heavier children came from families of higher socioeconomic standing as indicated by the significant differences in the scores of both groups on a socioeconomic index comprised of per capita income, maternal education, presence of a male in the household, and household density. Also in comparison to the underweight and undersized children, the contrast group exhibited higher calories, protein, iron, niacin, and ascorbic acid intake and was more likely to have more frequent and more positive contact with the mothers. PMID- 1132525 TI - Alliance for engineering in Medicine and Biology. PMID- 1132526 TI - Effect of ambient levels of ozone on monkeys. PMID- 1132527 TI - Cyclical changes in the sexual skin of female rhesus: relationships to mating behavior and sucessful artificial insemination. PMID- 1132528 TI - Endocrine and metabolic responses to cold in baboons. PMID- 1132529 TI - Function of macrophages. Introduction. PMID- 1132530 TI - The nitrofurans as sperm-immobilizing agents, their tissue toxicity, and their clinical application in vasectomy. AB - Nitrofurantoin sodium and nitorfurazone, in certain critical concentrations, have the ability to immobilize spermatozoa. In this study, this effect was consisitent with both 5:1, and 10:1 dilutions. Histologic examination of the effects of these drugs as intraoperative vas irrigants revealed no apparent tissue toxicity in the guinea pig. Clinically, we found intraoperative vas irrigation with both of these nontoxic drugs to be of value in attaining azoospermia immediately postvasectomy. Therefore, they appear to be useful supplements to vasectomy. PMID- 1132531 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of copper-containing intrauterine devices: long-term changes in utero. AB - The addition of metallic copper wire to a polyethylene intrauterine device dramatically increases the efficacy of that device. A series of copper-containing Tatum-T devices which had been carried in utero for 2 to 3 years was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Few of these devices showed evidence of corrosion or pitting of the copper, as had been reported previously. Almost all of the Ts showed a definite pattern of layering of fibrinoid deposits; intact cells, cellular debris, and crystalline structures were also seen. The micrographs show an extensive buildup of surface layers which, we believe, encase the copper in a semipermeable matrix. This matrix may retard the diffusion of copper compounds into the uterus sufficiently to compromise the contraceptive action of the copper. PMID- 1132532 TI - Does x-radiation of the preconceptional mammalian ovum lead to sterility and/or congenital anomalies? AB - Sexually mature CF1 female mice were x-radiated with 10 to 500 R prior to mating with normal males of the same strain, and no exposure rendered the mice sterile immediately; estrous was not altered, so that normal matings occurred; the litter size of females exposed to the 500-R dose was reduced, possibly due to induction of dominant lethal genes. The second and third meiotic maturations following x radiation gave rise to fertilizable ova which resulted in offspring that did not show any increase in the incidence of congenital anomalies. With increasing levels of exposure to x-rays, there was a decrease in the reproductive live-span. If the interval between x-radiation and mating was lengthened to 60 days, none of those exposed to 300 R or more was fertile; those exposed to 100 R showed variable fertility, evidenced by reduced litter sizes, but there were no anomalies. None of the offspring of the x-radiated females showed a significant weight loss, even to 2 months of age. Thus, when ova were x-rayed before fertilization with normal sperm, normal fertilization occurred and normal offspring were produced from at least the first three successive estrous cycles; after that, various degrees of sterility were evident, depending upon the dose level of the original exposure. Since resorptions (but not anomalies) were increased with the higher doses, dominant lethal and recessive mutatuions may have been obscured by the normal alleles of the unirradiated male mates. The ovarian ovum could not readily be sterilized by x-rays, nor could it be so damaged as to cause congenital anomalies. Nevertheless, one must be aware that all x-rayed ova may carry recessive mutatuions which might be phenotypically evident if they are on the female sex (X) chromosome, unmasked by an allelomorph on the male (Y) chromosome, or might even surface in future generations, if chance combines them with similar genes. PMID- 1132534 TI - [Analysis of unconditioned reflexes in light of the theory of dominance]. AB - After bilateral ablation of prefrontal and premotor areas of the brain in dogs, considerable changes of the "spontaneous" and unconditioned activity occurred: the phenomenon of squeezing through narrow spaces, the reflex of resistance against restriction of movements, the disturbances of sexual reflexes, the feigned aggression, etc. These reflex actions acquire features of the dominant. Seeking for food, when carrying out instrumental conditioned reflexes, also manifests features of the dominant. The pathological dominant is suggested to be a result of disorder in normal interrelationship between the excitatory and inhibitory processes. It occurs when a disruption of the process of inner inhibition takes place in the system, while the excitatory process becomes extremely powerful. This entails those motor perseverations, hyperactivity, imitational movements, and all the analysed disturbances of reflex activity in dogs after frontal lobectomy. PMID- 1132533 TI - Estrogen and progesterone secretion in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) following melatonin or Altschule's pineal extrac. AB - Large doses (30MG) of melatonin given weekly to crab-eating monkeys throughout five menstrual cycles did not change the pattern of estrogen and progesterone secretion during the period of injection or in the two succeeding cycles. Altschule's pineal extract, unlike melatonin, had no effect on estrogen or progesterone secretion during the period of injection or in the two succeeding cycles, when it was given daily between days 7 and 17 of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 1132535 TI - [Paradoxical effects of powerful electric stimuli]. AB - Variants of mechanism of the response paradoxical weakening at the stimuli increase in conditions of parabiosis and pessimum of the neuro-muscular preparation, are regarded. The possibility of "long-distance" kat-electrotonic blocking of nervous impulse at the increase of stimulating current pulses, was studied. The kat-electroton was shown to spread in the frog n. ischiadicus, even with short current pulses, for 30--40 mm. Even in single nervous fibers (crayfish) as well as in the frog n. ischiadicus, when increasing the rare stimuli beyond the strength limits (50 thresholds), the reversible reducing of action potential (AP) recorded at a not too long distance from the stimulating electrodes (catode depression), takes place. Near the transversal cut of the nerve (i.e. in the parabiotic area) the effect is increased. In conditision of frequent stimulation, the long-distance electrotonic depression of AP is more clear than with rare stimuli. PMID- 1132536 TI - [Physiological lability as an index of the functional state of cells]. PMID- 1132537 TI - [Elektrophysiological parameters of mollusk neurons under the influence of etimizol]. AB - Extracellular application of 5--10 mM/L etimizol exerted a specific effect on the giant neurons of the Coretus corneus isolated nervous system: action potential duration increased significantly, speed of development of its descending phase decreased, as well as the trace hyperpolarization amplitude. The effect was reversible and depended upon the etimizol concentration and the initial functional state of neurons. Etimizol is supposed to decrease the K-+ permeability of neurons' membrane during action potential. Large concentrations of etimizol decrease, probably, the Na+ permeability as well as suggested by reducing maximum of the ascending phase of action potential. PMID- 1132538 TI - [Thermoreceptor function of the stretch receptors of the river crayfish]. AB - Cooling of the crayfish stretch receptor leads to increase and then decrease the spike frequency of slowly adapting (SA) neuron (maximum frequency at 15 degrees). Impulse activity of quickly adapting (QA) neuron arises about 12 degrees and is recoding for a long time (sometimes during 30 min.). Raising the temperature from 20 degrees to 30 degrees results in a gradual increase of the SA neuron spike frequency. Characteristic for cold thermoreceptors dynamic discharge is observed. Infra-red (IR) radiation (lambda=1--3 mum) causes a decrease of SA neuron spike frequency. QA neuron generates a brief discharge after cuting IR radiation. IR radiation acts on somato-dendro-muscle (sensory) region only. Analysis with polarizing microscope shows that the IR radiation effect on the structural organization of neurons is contrary the effect of warming and colding. It is proposed that the IR radiation effect is defined by the rise of temperature gradient in solution (dT/dx). Obtained results indicate that the crayfish stretch receptor belongs to the type of mechanocoldreceptors. PMID- 1132539 TI - [Role of potassium and calcium ions in changes in the membrane potential of secretory cells of the mammary glands]. AB - Participation of Na, K-pump of the surface basal-lateral membrane in the process was shown to determine the MP-level. Restriction of Ca-++ entrance into the cell depressed MP-changes in the secretory cells curing the action of acetylcholine and oxytocine. PMID- 1132540 TI - [Study of differential sensitivity to changes in the duration of tonal sounds]. AB - Temporal differentiation by man was studied for intervals from 50 to 700 msec my means of the traditional method of constant stimulus differences (AX) and combinations of AX with methods of multiplication by two and three (AB-2 and AB 3). The linear augmentation of differential limen as function of duration was noted. The limens in methods AB were significantly higher than in the method AX. The values of limens were influenced upon by methods of multiplication, form of psychometric functions, individual features of subjects. No systematic changes of limens during training sessions were found. PMID- 1132541 TI - [Variability of neuronal activity of the parastriate cortex before and after callosotomy]. AB - In acute experiments on anesthetized cats, variability of the unit activity in the field 18 of the visual cortex was studied. Both the spontaneous activity and the evoked activity by series of different light stimuli, were analysed. The data obtained show that callosotomy does not affect the variability of the spontaneous unit activity in the parastriate cortex. However, it does decrease the variability of the unit activity qualitative response (excitation- inhibition) to stimulation. The callosotomy increases variability of the predominant input (either ipsi--or contralateral) in regard to the mean spontaneous activity prior to and after a series of stimuli and decreases it in regard to the mean spontaneous unit activity for the whole period of study. PMID- 1132542 TI - [Some peculiarities of neuron reaction in the upper and lower layer of the striate cortex]. AB - Responses of 440 neurons in the albino rat visual cortex to flash were studied. The number of neurons with excitatory responses predominated in upper layers. Analysis of time parameters of secondary activation of the excitatory responses revealed 5 excitatory types of neuronal response. The excitatory responses of different types had an irregular distribution over layers with corresponding differences in change of information indices and response variability during primary activation. Moreover, information indices of neuronal responses in upper and lower layers changed unequally. PMID- 1132543 TI - [Relation of excitability cycles of cortical reactions to the qualities of afferent stimuli]. AB - The excitability cycles of neurons of the rabbit visual cortex in response to the optic nerve shock were compared with those in response to small light flashes. The pairs of stimuli consisted either of conditioned shock and testing light flash or of conditioned light flash and testing shock. The inhibitory phase of the response to the nerve shock was unable to depress a powerful reaction to adequate light stimulation. However, the profound inhibition of response to the optic nerve shock was obtained at the end of the response to the preceding light stimulation. PMID- 1132544 TI - UBioelectric activity of the brain of cats in wakefulness and various sleep stages in cats. AB - Multiple recording of biopotentials with implanted electrodes from the globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen, ventro-lateral thalamus, thalamic center median, midbrain reticular formation, and the posterior hypothalamus, was carried out. Peculiar features were noted during slow-wave sleep in the activating RF. However, disappearance of these features during transition to fast sleep and persisting slow potentials in some structures at that suggest the hypnogenic system to be rather complicated in its spatial-temporal structure and not to be associated with just a single "leading" structure as, for example, the RF. PMID- 1132545 TI - [Studies on so-called instable angina pectoris]. PMID- 1132546 TI - [On the Ask-Upmark kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132547 TI - [Man's future--a reason for depression? (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132548 TI - [The secretion of somatotropin, the axis hypophysis-thyroid, hypophysis-gonad, hypophysis-adrenal of the child in normal and pathological conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132549 TI - Isoelectric focusing of galactosylceramide beta-galactosylceramide beta galactosidase in cultured skin fibroblasts of patients with Krabbe's globoid-cell leucodystrophy. PMID- 1132550 TI - An attempt to purify N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidases from crude extracts of human liver by affinity chromatography. PMID- 1132551 TI - Turnover of lysosomal proteins and induction and distribution of rat liver proteinases, after treatment with Triton WR-1339. PMID- 1132552 TI - The degradation of sulphated insulin by rat tissue preparations. PMID- 1132553 TI - Inhibition of iodoacetate of 'downhill' transport of sodium ions across isolated rat small intestine. PMID- 1132554 TI - Characteristics of intact lactose transport in the rat jejunum in vitro. PMID- 1132555 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism, placental lactogen and the control of the initiation of lactation. PMID- 1132556 TI - Effects of prolactin withdrawal on activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase of rat mammary gland. PMID- 1132557 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase in the isolated perfused rat heart. PMID- 1132558 TI - A comparison of the properties in vitro of biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylase in the mesocarp from avocado pear (Persea americana) and Syrian-hamster hepatic tissue. PMID- 1132559 TI - Effects of preincubation invitro with 3, 4-benzopyrene and phenobarbital on the drug-metabolism systems present in the microsomal and soluble fractions of the avocado pear (Persea americana). PMID- 1132560 TI - Studies on the metabolism of diethylnitrosamine in the rat. PMID- 1132561 TI - Studies on the role of cytosol in the hepatic metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine. PMID- 1132562 TI - The fate of lysergic acid di[ 14C]ethlamide ([14-C-A1LSD) in the rat. PMID- 1132563 TI - The coupling of anaerobic steroid dehydrogenation to nitrate reduction in Pseudomonas N.C.I.B. 10590 and Clostridium paraputrificum. PMID- 1132564 TI - Mutants of Bacillus stearothermophilus de-repressed for isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. PMID- 1132565 TI - Enzyme inhibition by sodium alkyl sulphates. PMID- 1132566 TI - Transient water free radicals in oxidation--reduction reactions. PMID- 1132567 TI - The effect of ethylene on the synthesis of endoplasmic reticulum in etiolated pea stems. PMID- 1132568 TI - The effects of pent-4-enoate and methylenecyclopropylacetate on some enzymes of beta-oxidation in rat liver mitochondria in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 1132569 TI - The development of photosystem 1 in greening barley. PMID- 1132570 TI - Proteins made in mitochondria of cultured animal cells. PMID- 1132571 TI - Regulation of pyruvate kinase from the hepatopancreas of the crab Carcinus maenas. PMID- 1132572 TI - Comparison of rat hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities in microsomal preparations, isolated hepatocytes and liver slices. PMID- 1132573 TI - The application of affinity chromatography to the arylsulphatase B of human liver and to other arylsulphatases. PMID- 1132574 TI - The biliary excretion of betamethasone in the rat. PMID- 1132575 TI - The additive effects of potassium ions and hypothermia for the induction of elective cardiac arrest. PMID- 1132576 TI - Species variation in anoxia-induced myocardial enzyme release. PMID- 1132577 TI - Enzyme changes and turnover of various protein fractions during experimental hepatomegaly. PMID- 1132579 TI - Hydrated electrons (eminus) reacting with charges polymers are subjected to Donnan effects. PMID- 1132578 TI - Primary changes in rat brain metabolism at the outset of increased psychomotor activity induced by pemoline. PMID- 1132580 TI - 1-Amino-omega-trifluoroacetamidoalkanes: new reagents for use in preparing ligands for affinity chromatography. PMID- 1132581 TI - Rat gonadal and ovarioan organogenesis with and without germ cells. An ultrastructural study. PMID- 1132582 TI - The interaction between the blastema and stump in the establishment of the anterior--posterior and proximal--distal organization of the limb regenerate. PMID- 1132583 TI - Qualitative patterns of protein synthesis in the preimplantation mouse embryo. I. Normal pregnancy. PMID- 1132584 TI - Permeability of Xenopus laevis embryos: specific incorporation of precursors into eukaryotic proteins and nucleic acids. PMID- 1132585 TI - Contribution of a change in mRNA half-life to the accumulation of the tissue specific S-100 protein during postnatal development of the mouse brain. PMID- 1132586 TI - Denervation effects on DNA replication and mitosis during the initiation of limb regeneration in adult newts. PMID- 1132587 TI - DNA synthesis in developing two-cell mouse embryos. PMID- 1132588 TI - Ecdysone titers and prothoracic gland activity during the larval-pupal development of Manduca sexta. PMID- 1132589 TI - Changes in the in vivo levels of charged transfer RNA species during development of the posterior silkgland of Bombyx mori. PMID- 1132590 TI - Possible roles for cell-to-substratum adhesion in neuronal morphogenesis. PMID- 1132591 TI - Cell-to-substratum adhesion and guidance of axonal elongation. PMID- 1132592 TI - Ultrastructure and peroxidase cytochemistry of normal human leukocytes at birth. PMID- 1132593 TI - The enhancement of in vitro survival and chondrogenesis of limb bud cells by cartilage conditioned medium. PMID- 1132594 TI - Comparison between four isoaccepting transfer ribonucleic acids and corresponding synthetases in male and female flowers of the dioecious species Mercurialis annua L. PMID- 1132595 TI - Migration of cranial neural crest cells in a cell-free hyaluronate-rich matrix. PMID- 1132596 TI - Biochemical research on oogenesis. RNA accumulation in the oocytes of teleosts. PMID- 1132597 TI - Clonal analysis of vertebrate myogenesis. IV. Medium-dependent classification of colony-forming cells. PMID- 1132598 TI - Regulation of microtubule protein synthesis in embryos of the marine snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta. PMID- 1132599 TI - Growth hormone kinetics in diabetic patients. AB - Several reports have shown that average plasma GH concentrations in insulin treated and in juvenile diabetics are elevated in respect to normal values: these findings have been alternatively attributed to an increased pituitary GH secretion or to a lower GH catabolism induced by the disease. To reinvestigate the problem we studied GH kinetics in twenty-four diabetics using 125-I-GH. The patients were all normal in body weight and their fasting blood sugar did not exceed 190 mg. per 100 ml.; fourteen normal subjects were included as a control group. After single injection of the tracer, the plasma disappearance curve of labeled hormone was obtained. Starting from this curve, metabolic clearance rate (MCR), fractional catabolic rate (FCR), initial distribution volume (IDV), and total distribution volume (TDV) were computed; MCR and plasma concentration of endogenous GH in plasma samples were used to estimate the amount of hormone irreversibly lost during the experiment (IHL240). The major points that result from the comparison of the values obtained in diabetic patients with those in the normal group are: MCR values in diabetics do not differ from those found in normals (63.6 plus or minus 19.6 and 64.6 plus or minus 24.3 ml./min./m.-2 respectively). The higher plasma concentrations of endogenous GH in diabetics together with a normal MCR, yield hormone loss values (IHL240) significantly larger than normal (46.4 plus or minus 29.5 mug/240 min. as compared to 23.7 plus or minus 24.5) thus indicating that an increased GH secretion is present in diabetics. TDV, fairly constant in normals, (5.8 plus or minus 0.9 L./ml-2) tends to decrease in diagetic patients as the disease progesses; in fact the values of TDV are significantly reduced (P less than 0.005) in long-term diabetics (greater than 10 yrs. of disease) while TDV of short-term diabetics (less than 10 yrs.) does not differ from the normal value (4.6 plus or minus 1.16 L./m.-2 and 5.8 plus or minus 0.9 L./m.-2, respectively). PMID- 1132600 TI - Studies on the nature and mode of action of the insulin-sensitive glucoregulator receptor in the central nervous system. AB - In vivo studies were undertaken in rats to provide evidence of the neural nature, tentative localization and mode of excitation of the insulin-sensitive central nervous system (CSN) glucoregulator center. In rats under light barbiturate anesthesia minute amounts of insulin injected into the carotid artery resulted in an immediate decrease of the systemic blood sugar. This hypoglycemic action of regional insulinzation of the CSN was lost when the animals were subjected to prolonged, deep barbiturate narcosis. Competitive inhibition of glucose utilization in the CSN region by intracarotid administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose did not block the systemic hypoglycemic effect of subsequent intracarotid insulin injection. Chronic endogenous hyperinsulinemia produced by daily growth hormone treatment resulted in an insensitivity of the CNS glucoregulator center to exogenous insulin. The ratio of the quantity of the injected insulin and the pre existent plasma insulin concentration showed direct correlation with the systemic hypoglycemic response that followed intracarotid injection. Present data support the hypothesis that the insulin-sensitive glucoregulator center located in the area supplied by the carotid artery is neural in nature, because of its inhibition by barbiturate anesthesia. The data are compatable with the working hypothesis that the center is located in the hypothalamus, since light cortical barbiturate anesthesia did not, but deep anesthesia did have an inhibitory effect on it. Marked interference by chronic hyperinsulinemia suggests that the receptor center estimates the metabolic status of the animal through means related to physicochemical binding of insulin to specific receptors. However, since our attempt to inhibit glucose utilization in the CNS was without effect on the activity of the center, it appears that the singal for the glucoregulatory impulse is not insulin facilitation of glucose utilization in the receptor area, but another parameter of insulin action. PMID- 1132601 TI - Dynamics of tolbutamide, glucose, and insulin interrelationships following varying doses of intravenous tolbutamide in normal subjects. AB - Four healthy adult subjects received intravenous tolbutamide (TOL) at six different doses (twenty-four tests): 0.0625 gm., 0.125 gm., 0.25 gm., 0.5 gm., 1.0 gm. and 1.5 gm. Blood glucose (BG), serum immunoreacctive insulin (IRI) and serum TOL levels were determined before and for 180 minutes after TOL. There was a highly significant correlation of the dose of TOL with the peak IRI (p less than .01), zero to ten minute IRI area (p less than .001), and zero to sixty minute IRI area (p less than .001) and with the decline in BG expressed as zero to sixty minute BG area (p less than .001). Similar significant correlations were observed between levels of TOL and both IRI and BG. At each dose level the IRI response correlated significantly with the BG fall. An additional eighteen subjects received the 1.0 gm. dose. In these, serum TOL levels did not correlate with either BG or IRI. These subjects also received intravenous glucose (0.5 gm. per kilogram body weight). BG levels did not correlate with IRI. However, there were striking correlations between TOL and glucose-stimulated peak IRI (p less than .001), zero to ten minute IRI area (p less than .05). The mean (plus or minus SEM) space of distribution for glucose (G.S.) and tolbutamide (TLS.) was found to be 13.45 plus or minus 0.71 and 6.34 plus or minus 0.31 L., respectively. There was a significant dose-response relationship exists between TOL and IRI. TOL- and glucose-induced IRI secretion dynamics suggest strong similarities between mechanisms of rapid IRI release and/or size of available IRI storage pools. PMID- 1132602 TI - Hyperinsulinemia and hypoinsulinemai. Insulin responses to oral carbohydrate over a wide spectrum of glucose tolerance. AB - Oral glucose tolerance tests using a 75 gm. carbohydrate load were performed on 396 Pima Indians. Subjects were divided into groups on the basis of two-hour plasma glucose levels and the patterns of insulin response examined. Two-hour insulin levels were highest in the group with two-hour plasma glucose levels between 140-169 mg,/100 ml. and then fell progressively until levels about 400 mg./100 ml. were reached. Half and one-hour insulin levels showed little change in the groups with two-hour glucose levels up to 170 mg,/100 ml., but at higher glucose levels these insulin levels also progressively diminished. Fasting insulin levels were relatively unchanged over the entire range of glucose inintolerance. Obesity was the most important factor influencing the fasting insulin levels. Glucose level was the major determinant of post-load insulin responses, but these were also significantly influenced by obesity. No effect of age or sex on insulin levels was demonstrated. Comparison with other published data indicated that different interpretations of insulin response in subjects with "mild diabetes" have resulted from comparisons of groups with different degrees of glucose tolerance. PMID- 1132603 TI - Differential effects of alpha- and beta-D- glucose on insulin and glucagon secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. AB - The efficacy of alpha and beta-D-glucose in causing insulin release and suppressing glucagon release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas was tested. In order to allow simultaneous assessment of glucose effect on both alpha and beta-cells, the pancreas was continually perfused with a physiological amino acid mixture (10 mM) which provokes glucagon secretion and also stimulates the beta cells, provided glucose is present. Under these conditions the alpha-anomer of D glucose at 3 and 6 mM proved significantly more potent than the beta-anomer in inducing insulin release and in inhibiting glucagon secretion. These data lend further support to the concept that alpha-cells and beta-cells contain glucoreceptors controlling glucagon and insulin seckretion and show that certain physiochemical properties of these receptors are alike in both types of cells. PMID- 1132604 TI - Editorial: Words. PMID- 1132605 TI - Dylexia in children and young adults: three independent neuropsychological syndromes. AB - In an attempt to delineate causal factors in dyslexia, 113 children and young adults (age-range eight to 18 years) were divided into three groups: those with brain damage who could read (n=31), those with brain damage who were dyslexic (n=53), and those without brain damage who were dyslexic (n=29). A battery of neuropsychological tests was presented to each participant. No significant differences were found between the two dyslexic groups. Three syndromes- language disorder, articulation and graphomotor dysco-ordination, and visuo perceptual disorder--were found among the great majority of those with dyslexia. The results support a model of dyslexia as being caused by multiple independent defects in higher cortical functioning, as opposed to the theory of a single causal defect. A clinical description of each syndrome is given and models of dyslexia are discussed. The authors stress the desirability of including brain damaged readers as a control group in any future study on causal factors in dyslexia. PMID- 1132606 TI - The Stycar language test. AB - The principles and practical application of the STYCAR Developmental Language Test are briefly described. The test, which is one of the STYCAR series (Sheridan Tests for Young Children and Retardates, Sheridan 1973), consists of three widely overlapping testing procedures i.e. the Common Objects Test (one to two years), the Miniature Toys Test (21 months to 4 1/2 years) and the Picture book Test (2 1/2 to seven years). The picture-book includes lists of speech sounds, words and sentences for recognition and repetition, to detect and define difficulties of auditory discrimination, articulation and sequencing of sounds. The tests are designed to provide the examiner with considerable choice in individual application, but differential diagnosis calls for experienced clinical judgement. Since the tests are not intended to produce pass/fail results, descriptive recording and clinical assessment on a three- or five-point scale is recommended. PMID- 1132607 TI - Automatic operant response procedure ('play-test') for the study of auditory perception of neurologically impaired infants. AB - Ten babies with cerebral palsy of varying types and degrees (age-range 10 to 27 months) participated in an initial exploratory study designed to determine the effectiveness of an automated, two-choice audio feedback system (Playtest') for evaluation of the auditory perception and processing capabilities of neurologically impaired infants. The major components of the 'Playtest' are a master control unit and two toy-like switches which are attached to the baby's crib. By playing with the 'toys', the baby is able to listen to one of two pre recorded audio stimuli, music or a monotone hum. Frequency and duration of the baby's self-selected listening responses are automatically recorded on meters inside the control unit and provide a precise numerical record over an extended period of time. In this study the handicapped infants were physically able to operate the apparatus and demonstrated highly significant preferential listening. Comparison of the recorded data from the study infants with those from normal infants showed no significant difference between the performances of the two groups. The findings suggest that the 'Playtest' technique could be successfully applied to the objective assessment of auditory perception and processing abilities of neurologically impaired infants, whose handicaps often prevent them from effectively participating in other standardised test procedures. The principal advantages of the technique are that testing is done in the child's most familiar environment--his own crib at home--without the intrusion of other people, and the evaluation of hearing competence is a function of the baby's spontaneous self-selected responses to sound variables, and hence of his auditory discrimination. PMID- 1132608 TI - The isolation syndrome in childhood. AB - A new diagnostic category--the Isolation Syndrome--is proposed to describe a pattern of abnormal behaviour in children. The child's 'isolated' state manifests itself in defective social interaction and communication between mother and child, in disorders of perceptual function and motor skills, in stereotyped behaviour and in general developmental retardation, especially in language. The typical situations in which the syndrome is likely to occur are discussed, and methods of treatment, both prophylactic and remedial, are given in detail. The purpose of identifying the Isolation Syndrome is to alert clinicians to the possibility that in some children with abnormal patterns of behaviour there is a specific and treatable difficulty in the child's environment. PMID- 1132609 TI - Trisomy-18 mosaicism with features of Russel-Silver syndrome. AB - A child is described who presented at 16 months with developmental delay and clinical features of the Russell-Silver syndrome. Chromosome analysis revealed trisomy-18 mosaicism. Only one other similar case has been reported in the literature. It is recommended that chromosomal studies continue to be included in the clinical investigation of children with Russell-Silver syndrome. PMID- 1132610 TI - Tay-Sachs disease: case reports with emphasis on chromatographic study of rectal biopsy. AB - Two South Indian Hindu children with typical clinical features compatible with Tay-Sachs disease are presented. The identification of GM2 as the major ganglioside in the lipid extract of rectal biopsy helped to confirm the clinical diagnosis. PMID- 1132611 TI - 'Progressive cerebral palsy' or spinal cord tumor? Two cases of mistaken identity. AB - The misdiagnosis of cerebral palsy in children with neurological impairment is relatively common, although it is particularly untenable if the child's symptoms run a progressive course. This paper reports two children with presumed 'progressive' cerebral palsy who at later evaluation were found to have intramedullary tumors of the cervical spinal cord. The report is intended to alert pediatricians to the atpyical presentation and insidiuos progression of spinal cord tumors in children. Whether or not the child has cerebral palsy, any progressive deterioration of function in the extremities, complaints of back pain, loss of sphincter control, or sensory abnormality, warrants a thorough neurological examination and specific radiological procedures to exclude the possiblility of a spinal cord tumor. PMID- 1132612 TI - Congenital ophthalmoplegia and school achievement: a case study. AB - A 6 1/2-year-old boy with Moebius' syndrome, with severely restricted horizontal eye movements, was found to have the visuo-motor integration of a child of three years (IQ equivalent 41) and the perceptual development of a child of four years 10 months (perceptual quotient 68). Cognitive assessment revealed functioning in the low dull-normal range of ability (IQ equivalent 83). Achievement in arithmetic and reading was found to be at late kindergarten and early first-grade levels respectively (IQ equivalents 83 and 92). Thus the boy's achievement was in line with his cognitive ability and greater than 1 S.D. above his visual perception and visuo-motor development. The results of this study replicate the findings of Kalverboer et al. (1970) on a 12-year-old boy with Moebius' syndrome and add to a growing body of evidence which does not support the current emphasis on visuo-motor development and training in the diagnosis and remediation of learning difficulties. PMID- 1132613 TI - Letter: Rectal biopsy or biochemistry for the diagnosis of neurological disorders. PMID- 1132614 TI - Letter: Williams' way. PMID- 1132615 TI - Letter: The ketogenic diet, West and Lennox syndromes. PMID- 1132616 TI - [The new sewage work in Mexico City and its health significance]. PMID- 1132617 TI - [Accidents as factors changing the integrity of the Mexican. I. Introduction]. PMID- 1132618 TI - [Psychopathological factors and accidents]. PMID- 1132619 TI - [Social problems in traffic accidents]. PMID- 1132620 TI - [Industrial accidents and their socioeconomical repercussions]. PMID- 1132621 TI - [Fractures of the orbital floor. Diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 1132622 TI - [Prolactin in human reproduction]. PMID- 1132623 TI - Esophageal columnar epithelial beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase. AB - We have compared the activity of the lysosomal enzymes, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase, in esophageal columnar, gastric fundic, and small intestinal epithelia. Beta-Galactosidase activity in esophageal columnar epithelium was less than that in intestinal tissue. Beta-Glucuronidase activity in the esophageal columnar epithelium was greater than that in gastric fundic tissue. Thus, this unique epithelium has enzyme characteristics which are dissimilar to both intestinal and gastric fundic tissue. This tends to support previous findings that suggested a metaplastic derivation. PMID- 1132624 TI - Long term effect of highly selective vagotomy on basal and maximal acid output in man. AB - Basal acid output (BAO) and Maximal acid outputs (MAO) were measured 5 years after highly selective vagotomy (HSV) in 21 patients who had previously undergone serial testing of BAO and MAO for up to 2 years after HSV. BAO was found to have decreased from a mean of 1.7 mEq per hr, 1 year after HSV, to 1.4 mEq per hr, 5 years after HSV (not significant). The mean reduction in BAO at 5 years, compared with the preoperative BAO of 8.4 mEq per hr, was 79%. The mean peak acid response to pentagastrin (PAO-Pg) increased from 20.2 mEq per hr at 1 year to 22.6 mEq per hr at 5 years (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05). The mean reduction in PAO Pg, compared with the preoperative PAO-Pg of 43 mEq per hr, was 51% at 1 year and 48% at 5 years. Inasmuch as acid outputs seem unlikely to increase further after 5 years, it is concluded that HSV produces a permanent reduction of about 80% in basal acid output and 50% in maximal acid output. PMID- 1132625 TI - Jejunal and ileal absorption of dibasic amino acids and an arginine-containing dipeptide in cystinuria. AB - Ileal transport of dibasic amino acids has not previously been studied in the intestine of healthy volunteers or cystinuric patients. Experiments have therefore been designed to compare ileal and jejunal absorption of lysine and arginine both in normal subjects and cystinuric patients. In addition, jejunal perfusion experiments have been carried out to investigate absorption of the dipeptide L-arginyl-L-leucine. The results indicate that, at the concentrations studied (4.2 mM lysine, 1 mM arginine), severe transport defects exist throughout the whole small intestine for both amino acids in cystinuria. Despite the transport defect for free arginine, cystinuric patients absorbed the dipeptide L arginyl-L-leucine normally. Because of the transport defect for free arginine, it has been possible to show that during absorption of L-arginyl-L-leucine in cystinuria approximately 30% of dipeptide-bound arginine can be recovered from the gut lumen in the free form. These findings indicate that the prime function of specific amino acid transport systems during the absorption of protein digestion products may be as a "recapture mechanism" for amino acids liberated as a result of mucosal cell peptide hydrolysis. PMID- 1132626 TI - Fecal radioiodide excretion following intravenous injection of 131-I-albumin and 125-I-immunoglobulin G in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. An aid to topographic diagnosis. AB - Simultaneous studies with 131-I-albumin and 125-I-immunoglobulin G (IgG) were made in 48 cases of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Twenty-one had ulcerative colitis and 27 had Crohn's disease which was confirmed at laparotomy in every case. Intestinal protein loss was measured simultaneously by means of 59-Fe-iron dextran in 44 patients. All patients had abnormal intestinal protein loss. A high correlation was shown between fecal 59-Fe clearance and fractional catabolic rate of albumin, confirming the validity of 59-Fe-iron dextran as a test substance to measure intestinal protein loss. Fecal radioiodide excretion of 131-I from 131-I albumin (A) and 125-I from 125-I-IgG (G) was significantly different in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The ratio G/A was close to unity (smaller than 1.60) in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease with exclusive or predominant involvement of the colon, whereas it was high in Crohn's disease of the small intestine and highest in cases with jejunal involvement. Thus, the ratio may be valuable in topographic diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. A high ratio was found in 2 patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine and normal radiography of the small intestine, and a low ratio was present in 7 cases of ulcerative colitis with normal radiographic findings. In all 9 patients with normal radiography, fecal 59-Fe clearance was elevated as evidence of abnormal intestinal protein loss. No correlation was present between the size of protein loss and the pathoanatomic extent of the lesions on subsequent laparotomy in 25 patients with Crohn's disease. Fecal radioiodide excretion (131-I from 131-I-albumin and 125-I from 125-I-IgG) was positively correlated with diarrhea (daily stool mass) in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Intestinal protein loss was not. PMID- 1132627 TI - Letter: No acid--no ulcer. PMID- 1132628 TI - Electrophysiological effects of burimamide and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on the canine gastric mucosa. AB - The electrophysiological effects of two potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, burimamide and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dm-PGE2), were determined in an in vivo histamine-stimulated canine stomach preparation and an in vitro canine gastric mucosal preparation. In the in vivo stomach preparation, intravenous burimamide caused a decrease in acid secretion, an increase in transmucosal potential difference (PD) and the relative resistance (R) was essentially unchanged. Intravenous dm-PGE2 also inhibited acid secretion and increased PD but, in contrast to burimamide, increased R. In the in vitro preparation, the unidirectional flux of sodium from mucosa to serosa increased after dm-PGE2 but not after burimamide. Passive sodium fluxes and unidirectional chloride fluxes were not altered after either agent. These findings suggest that increased active transport of sodium from mucosa to serosa is at least partially responsible for the observed increase in transmural PD with dm-PGE2, an agent which also decreases hydrogen ion transport. With burimamide the increased PD was due primarily to inhibition of hydrogen ion secretion. PMID- 1132629 TI - Analysis of the motor effects of 13-norleucine motilin on the rabbit, guinea pig, rat, and human alimentary tract in vitro. AB - Motor effects of 13-norleucine motilin (13-Nle-M), a synthetic analog of motilin and biologically equivalent to the natural polypeptide, on the rabbit, guinea pig, rat, and human alimentary tract were investigated in vitro. Whereas guinea pig and rat preparations proved refractory to 13-Nle-M action, muscle strips of the stomach and upper small intestine from rabbits and man were highly sensitive to 13-Nle-M, contractile responses being elicited with concentrations of less than 2 times 10-minus 9 M. Although circular muscle from rabbit colon responded to 13-Nle-M, Taenia coli preparations were unaffected by the polypeptide; in man, the reverse was observed. Gallbladder, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle were unresponsive to 13-Nle-M. Pharmacological analysis revealed that the effects of 13-Nle-M on the gastrointestinal muscle are not mediated via nervous pathways: ganglion blockade by hexamethonium, blockade of axonal conduction by tetrodotoxin, or anticholinergic action by atropine failed to affect 13-Nle-M actions. It was therefore concluded that 13-Nle-M caused contractions by stimulating receptors on or in the muscle cell. By use of the antihistaminic pheniramine, histamine receptors could be differentiated from the site of 13-Nle M action. As the contractile response to 13-Nle-M was abolished by the Ca++ antagonistic compound verapamil, a role for 13-Nle-M in the transport of Ca++ to the cytosol of intestinal smooth muscle might be considered. PMID- 1132630 TI - Mechanism and site of small intestinal absorption of alpha-tocopherol in the rat. AB - The site and mechanism of alpha-[5-methyl-3-H]tocopherol absorption was investigated using everted rat small bowel sacs incubated in a micellar medium. Mean plus or minus SE absorption rates of the vitamin at 300 muM incubation solution concentration by proximal, medial, and distal small bowel segments were 2.2 plus or minus 0.17, 3.4 plus or minus 0.21, and 2.0 plus or minus 0.04 nmoles per min per 100 mg, respectively. Addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol, sodium azide, or potassium cyanide to the incubation medium in separate experiments did not change the rate of absorption (P greater than 0.10). Stepwise increase in incubation solution tocopherol concentration up to 1200 muM resulted in a linear increase in the absorption rate. In all of the above described experiments the rate of absorption of the vitamin by the medial portion of the small bowel was significantly (P smaller than 0.01) higher than the rate of absorption of the vitamin by the proximal and distal small bowel segments. No transmural transport of the vitamin into the serosal compartment took place. Autoradiographic examination of the tissue after incubation disclosed accumulation of the vitamin in the submucosal lymphatic spaces. Alpha-Tocopherol absorption by the rat small bowel appears to be a passive diffusion process taking place at the highest rate in the medial portion of the small bowel. PMID- 1132631 TI - Electrical spiking activity and propulsion in small intestine in fed and fasted rats. AB - Bipolar electromyograms were obtained from electrodes chronically implanted on the small intestine in rats accustomed to receiving food only during 4 days per week. Continuous recording, begun 5 to 10 days after operation, continued for 10 to 15 days. The spiking activity was continuously summed at 20-sec intervals on linear integrators. At the end of the experiment, small intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying were measured. During fasting, the pattern of spike bursts of the jejunum was a cycle of three phases: a period of silence was followed sequentially by periods of irregular and regular spike bursts, lasting 6 to 10 min and 4 min, respectively. Cycles recurred at intervals of 16 to 20 min and migrated caudad at 2 to 3 cm per min. Intragastric administration of food and amino acids caused continuous irregular spiking for 2 to 3 hr. A similar effect resulted from amino acids and glucose administered into the duodenum. Continuous but weak irregular spiking followed intragastric or intraduodenal administration of oleic acid. In fasted rats, the velocity of intestinal transit was faster when a bolus was administered before a migrating complex than after Marker movement was rapid in fed rats in whom there was continuous irregular spiking. The presence of nutrients in the intestinal lumen alters the patterns of contractions. PMID- 1132632 TI - Effect of perfusion rate on absorption, surface area, unstirred water layer thickness, permeability, and intraluminal pressure in the rat ileum in vivo. AB - Intestinal absorption and intraluminal pressures were measured at perfusion rates between 0.3 and 200 ml per min in the rat ileum in vivo. Glucose absorption from a 72 mM glucose solution and tritiated water ([3-H]water) diffusion rate were used to reflect changes in mucosal surface area. Glucose absorption from a 4 mM solution was used to indicate changes in unstirred water layer thickness, and mannitol and urea absorption were used as markers of passive mucosal permeability. In a partially obstructed intestinal segment, designed to keep the gut partially filled even at low perfusion rates and to minimize surface area change as perfusion rate was increased, glucose absorption from a 4 mM solution increased by 150% as perfusion rate was increased from 1 to 100 ml per min. Forty per cent of this increase was due to increased surface area (estimated from the change in [3-H]water absorption), and 110% of the increase is attributed to thinning of the unstirred water layer. Because mannitol absorption was zero at all perfusion rates, none of the enhanced glucose absorption rate need be attributed to enhanced mucosal permeability, even though intraluminal pressure was increased at higher perfusion rates. Urea absorption was apparently influenced by surface area and by permeability changes, but not by the thickness of the unstirred water layer. This model was also used to explore the effect of unstirred water layer thickness on the inhibitory effect of sodium replacement by magnesium on glucose absorption from a 4 mM glucose solution. Inhibition by sodium removal was equal at 1, 10, 100, and 200 ml per min perfusion rates, suggesting that unstirred water layer thickness does not play an important role in the interaction of glucose and sodium absorption when intraluminal sodium concentration is reduced. Additional experiments in an unobstructed ileal segment revealed that the major effect of enhanced perfusion rate is to increase mucosal surface area; relatively high rates of perfusion were required to thin significantly the unstirred water layer when intestinal outflow was not partially obstructed. PMID- 1132633 TI - Effect of ethanol on sodium-dependent glucose transport in the small intestine of the hamster. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which ethanol inhibits intestinal absorption of sugars. In vitro experiments on hamster jejunum have shown that the presence of ethanol in the mucosal solution caused an inhibition of the net transport of water and glucose. There was also a decrease in the intracellular water content and an increase in the intracellular sodium and potassium concentration of the gut tissue. In contrast, the intracellular glucose concentration decreased in the presence of ethanol. These ethanol-induced changes were directly related to the ethanol concentration of the mucosal solution. In the presence of 450 mM (2%) ethanol in the mucosal solution, there was also a significant inhibition of transmural potential difference, estimated glucose metabolism, and both unidirectional fluxes of sodium. The net flux of sodium to the serosal side however did not decrease significantly. These effects of ethanol cannot be fully explained by its osmotic action, and it is suggested that the ethanol-induced reduction in glucose transport could be mainly the result of an interference with the carrier-mediated coupled entrance of glucose and sodium across the brush border. A depression of cellular metabolism could also have played a role in this process. PMID- 1132634 TI - Comparison of secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide on pancreatic secretion in dogs. AB - Vasoactive inhibitory peptide (VIP) and secretin were compared in regard to the stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and the augmentation of pancreatic response to caerulein or a peptone meal in chronic gastric and pancreatic fistula dogs. Dose-response analysis showed that maximal bicarbonate response to VIP was about 17% of that to secretin. Both caerulein and endogenous cholecystokinin, released by a peptone meal, clearly potentiated pancreatic bicarbonate response to VIP in a manner similar to secretin. The interactions of these two peptides showed that VIP is a potent inhibitor of secretin-induced pancreatic secretion. From the dose-response curves to secretin alone and secretin plus VIP, Michaelis-Menten analysis showed typical competitive inhibition, which indicates that VIP and secretin share a common receptor site. PMID- 1132635 TI - Effect of hormones on pancreatic macromolecular transport. AB - The role of subcellular organelles in the synthesis, transport, and secretion of pancreatic digestive proteins has been well documented. This study was designed to examine effects of pentagastrin, secretin, and acute and chronic administration of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) on pancreatic macromolecular transport and secretion. Pooled rat pancreas slices were pulse labeled with L-[14-C]phenylalanine and migration of 14-C-labeled proteins studied by "chase" incubation for 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. After in vitro incubation of control and drug-treated pancreatic slices, subcellular particles were isolated by differential centrifugation; Specific activity of radioactive labeled proteins was determined in subcellular fractions involved in transport and secretion of digestive proteins. These studies indicate that pentagastrin and acute and chronic stimulation with CCK-PZ did not alter the rate of transport of labeled proteins from ribosomes to the zymogen granules. Pentagastrin and CCK-PZ stimulated secretion of labeled proteins from the zymogen granules into the medium in the concentrations used as evidenced by significant increase in the amount of labeled proteins in the medium and significant decrease in the specific activity of the zymogen granule fractions after 60- and 120-min periods of incubation. Secretin did not alter the rate of transport or secretion of the pulse-labeled proteins. PMID- 1132636 TI - Plasma disappearance of radioactivity after intravenous injection of labeled bile acids in man. AB - The kinetics of disappearance of radioactivity from plasma after intravenous injection of radiolabeled bile acids was characterized in healthy subjects. Cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids and their N-glycine and N-taurine conjugates were studied along with the secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid, and a synthetic conjugated bile acid, dehydrocholyltaurine. Disappearance of each primary bile acid was rapid and could be described by a biexponential curve (t 1/2 the first component, 1.7 to 3 min; second component, 7 to 16 min). Cholyglycine and cholyltaurine had identical disappearance rates which were significantly faster than the disappearance rates of chenodeoxycholylglycine and chenodeoxycholyltaurine, which were also identical. Radioactivity of a conjugated bile acid disappeared more rapidly than that of its unconjugated form, but all of these differences, although consistent, were small. Deoxycholic acid radioactivity disappeared slightly more slowly than that of the primary bile acids. In vitro, dihydroxy bile acids were bound by serum proteins more completely (96 to 98%) than trihydroxy bile acids (83 to 91%), whether free or conjugated, and binding was unrelated to bile acid concentration. Thus, plasma disappearance rates were related to the degree of protein binding to some degree in that those bile acids which were more tightly bound had the longer t 1/2 values. However, dehydrocholyltaurine showed little protein binding (42%), yet had the slowest disappearance rates; t 1/2 values averaged 4 and 36 min for the two components of the disappearance curve. The results suggest that the residence time of any bile acid in blood is extremely short, and that measurable concentrations of serum bile acids persist only because of continuous intestinal absorption. It is speculated that the reported difference between the pattern of fasting state serum bile acids and biliary bile acids is explained by differences in intestinal absorption and hepatic uptake of individual bile acids. PMID- 1132637 TI - Effect of decreased gallbladder stimulation on enterohepatic cycling and kinetics of bile acids. AB - The effect of diet on the rate of enterohepatic recycling and bile acid kinetics was studied in groups of human subjects by reducing dietary protein and fat. The effect on enterohepatic cycling was assessed indirectly in control subjects, in patients with cholesterol cholelithiasis, and in patients with cholecystectomy by comparing output of breath 14-CO2 after the administration of a trace of cholyl [1-14-C]glycine during two periods: a control period when three meals containing protein and fat were eaten daily and a diet period, when protein and fat were excluded from the diet. Breath 14-CO2 output was not altered by diet in the patients with cholecystectomy. In the healthy subjects and in the patients with cholesterol cholelithiasis breath 14-CO2 output fell by approximately 50%, indicating that decreased endogenous cholecystokinin-pancreozymin stimulation had reduced but not eliminated enterohepatic recycling. Bile acid kinetics after administration of [2,4-3-H]cholic acid and [24-14-C]chenodeoxycholic acid were measured in 6 healthy subjects during a control period, when they ate a diet containing three daily meals containing fat and protein, and again not less than 4 months later during the 4th week of a diet during which they ate only one meal containing fat and protein every other day. tthe pool size of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid rose significantly during the diet as did the total bile acid pool size. The daily fractional turnover rate of both primary bile acids fell significantly during the diet, but their synthesis rate was not significantly changed. It is concluded that (1) significant enterohepatic circulation of bile acids occurs even in the absence of dietary stimuli for gallbladder contraction; and (2) diet may significantly affect bile acid pool size and fractional turnover, while bile acid synthesis remains essentially unchanged. PMID- 1132638 TI - Persistent hypotension and intestinal infarction in a patient with primary amyloidosis. AB - A patient with primary amyloidosis and the nephrotic syndrome had diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding probably due to intestinal ischemia. He died with extensive intestinal infarction. The infarction was most likely caused by decreased splanchnic perfusion secondary to the chronic hypotension of the nephrotic syndrome and to amyloid deposition within the walls of the small blood vessels supplying the gut. Although amyloidosis was suspected prior to death, a fixation artifact probably prevented the correct antemortem biopsy diagnosis. PMID- 1132639 TI - Menetrier's disease. Report of a case with transient and reversible findings. PMID- 1132640 TI - Gallbladder and liver infarction occurring as a complication of acute bacterial endocarditis. AB - A case of acute bacterial endocarditis is presented in which gallbladder infarction and areas of hepatic infarction were documented. Selective angiography showed findings consistent with emboli to the gallbladder and hepatic circulations. PMID- 1132641 TI - Editorial: Asymptomatic chronic hepatitis. PMID- 1132642 TI - Gastrointestinal electrical activity: terminology. PMID- 1132643 TI - Letter: Gastric mucosal glycogen. PMID- 1132644 TI - [Perinatal mortality in foreign workers (author's transl)]. AB - From 1970 to 1972, there were 216 perinatal deaths among 5595 newborns at the I. Frauenklinik der Universitat Munchen. 54 of these deaths were children of foreign workers (so-called "Gastarbeiter"). The data have been processed on punch cards and analysed by a computer. The differences noted underwent significance testing by the CHI-Quadrat test. Only statistical significant results are published. The perinatal mortality in the above period shows no difference between foreign and German ward patients. There is, however, a significant lower perinatal mortality in private patients. We feel that this difference is due to a significant lower rate of prematures in the private patient group. The cocial status as well as higher interest and motivation in health resulting in better prenatal care are discussed as causal reasons for this fact. PMID- 1132645 TI - [The attitude of women to prophylactic hysterectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The attitude of women to prophylactic hysterectomy (pH) after age 40 was investigated in 324 women in our out-patient clinic by a questionnaire taking into account psychological and sociological data. More than 50% of the women were against a prophylactic hysterectomy. This negative attitude cannot be explained by a desire for child bearing since only prophylactic hysterectomy after 40 was discussed. Other factors are important. The knowledge of the women about their reproductive organs was limited. One third of the patients thought the uterus is responsible for the production of sexual hormones and 3/4 of the women expected a hormonal imbalance following hysterectomy. The greater the ignorance the more frequent was the negative attitude to prophylactic hysterectomy (S 5%). 2/3 of the women ascribed a life long importance to the uterus and were against prophylactic hysterectomy (S 5%). 1/4 of the patients described the uterus as an organ important for sexual intercourse and therefore were against prophylactic hysterectomy (S 5%). It is understandable that 2/3 of the women thought of hysterectomy as a procedure which would have a negative or very negative influence on their lives (S 5%) when women ascribed to the uterus frequently a significance in hormone production or in sexuality in addition to the child bearing function of the uterus. Only approximately 1/3 of the women would feel of themselves as full women after a hysterectomy. Not quite 1/2 of the patients thought of the sterility following hysterectomy as a positive feeling and were more often accepting of the thought of a prophylactic hysterectomy (S 1%). Women who felt that they could talk about problems of their female genital organs with their partners had more often a negative attitude to prophylactic hysterectomy (S 1%). About 2/3 of the patients stated they would wish to have their partner present during a pre-operatitive discussion of a necessary hysterectomy. Only 1/4 of the patients were sure that a hysterectomy would not have a negative effect on their marital lives. Among the psychological factors, intelligence was of importance in the attitude to prophylactic hysterectomy. The more intelligent the woman, the more frequently she had a negative attitude to prophylactic hysterectomy (S 0.1%). There was no statistically significant correlation between personality factors according to Eysenck and the attitude to prophylactic hysterectomy. The older women more frequently accepted the thought of prophylactic hysterectomy (S 10%). The results were all tested statistically by the X2 method. A prophylactic hysterectomy should not be done without a thorough discussion of the attitudes and the expectational anxieties to such an operation. PMID- 1132646 TI - [Deliveries in foreign women (author's transl)]. AB - Within four and a half years (between January 1, 1969 and June 30, 1973) there were 6329 deliveries, among them 1217 confinements occurred in foreign women, i.e. proportional 19, 2%. The chi square method was used for the statistical analysis. The incidence of Caesarean Section in foreign women (5, 3%) is significantly higher than in German women (3, 4%). Just so, the incidence of Caesarean Section in wives of foreign workers from Spain and Portugal was significantly higher than in German women; it looks like as if the indication "Pelvic contraction" appears significantly more frequent in parturients of the western part of the mediterranean area than in German women. On the contrary, the indication "fetal distress" is significantly higher in the deliveries of the wives from Greece and Turkey (the eastern part of the mediterranean area). There was no statistical difference in the rate of forceps deliveries and deliveries by vacuum between the German collective (6, 1%) and the foreign collective (7, 5%). Statistically proved, the incidence of the incidence of the indication "fetal distress" in vaginal-operative deliveries of women from Turkey was higher compared to the German collective. Vice versa it turned out that the incidence of the indication "standstill on floor of the pelvis" occurred more often in German parturients than of the collective of Turkey. There was a second statistical method (randomization) to check up if the collectives are comparable; there exists a significant difference between German parturients and women from Turkey: in the German collective are more young and old I.-Parae, in the collective from Turkey you find more Multiparae and more wives in the optimal obstetrical age between 18 and 30 years. The subsequent obstetrical aspects and consequences are discussed. There was no significant difference between foreign and German parturients in further perinatal examinations and parameters. PMID- 1132647 TI - [Influence of age on risk-factors during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium of primiparae (author's transl)]. AB - The course of pregnancy and delivery of 600 primiparae is being reported. These were divided into four age groups: very young primiparae (14-16 years of age, Group I), older primiparae (35-39 years of age, Group III) and old primiparae (40 years and more, Group IV). These age groups are being compared to a collective of primiparae, by whom the delivery took place at an age between 17 and 34 years (Group II). In these age groups the difference in complication rate during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium is demonstrated. The differences were statistically secured by means of X-2-test. The very young primipara shows the least tendency to delivery complications, still her pregnancy should be considered more risky as compared to Group II, owing to the higher rate of gestosis and the tendency to premature delivery. Groups III and IV show a rising risk rate with increasing age in regard to gestosis (10, 8-30, 8%) and premature delivery (15, 4-28, 6%); also the higher rate of operational delivery was significant (38, 9-44, 6%). The highest risk rate is to be expected in women, who deliver the first time at an age above 40 years. Also the perinatal mortality of newborn is at its highest in this group. PMID- 1132648 TI - Factors controlling the annual ovarian cycle in the toad Bufo bufo bufo (L.). PMID- 1132649 TI - Influence of corticosterone on the stress-induced elevation of phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase activity in the avian adrenal. PMID- 1132650 TI - [Endocrine control of the spermatogenetic cycle in Lithobius forficatus L. (Myriapods, Chilopoda). The role of the "neurosecretory cells of the frontal lobes of the protocerebraon--cerebral glands" complex]. PMID- 1132651 TI - Effects of corpora allata on the activity of the cerebral neurosecretory system of Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F. PMID- 1132652 TI - Effects of corpus aliatum hormone and its mimics on the activity of the cerebral neurosecretory system of Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F. PMID- 1132653 TI - Negative feedback control of the lizard adrenal gland by corticosterone and aldosterone. PMID- 1132654 TI - Estrone-induced alteration of polyribosomes in chick liver. PMID- 1132655 TI - [ Induction of pituitary gonadotropin discharge in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with the aid of cisclomiphene citrate]. PMID- 1132656 TI - [Partial characterization of a hypothalamic gonadotropic hormone releasing factor in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) studied in vitro]. PMID- 1132657 TI - [Radiochemical and physiological evidence of activation by electrostimulation, of the neurosecretory cells of the para-intercerebralis of the Locust migratoria (Insecta: Orthoptera)]. PMID- 1132658 TI - The effect of altering the ambient salinity of the freshwater teleost Xiphophorus maculatus on the histophysiology of its prolactin cells. I. Progressive changes in one-third sea water. PMID- 1132659 TI - The effect of altering the ambient salinity of the freshwater teleost Xiphophorus maculatus on the histophysiology of its prolactin cells. II. Initiation of synthetic activity in fresh water after exposure to one-third sea water for 21 and 30 days. PMID- 1132660 TI - Stimulation of ovarian and oviducal growth and ovulation in female lizards by reptilian (turtle) gonadotropins. PMID- 1132661 TI - Ultrastructure of the anterior neurohypophysis and the pars distalis of the lamprey, Lampetra tridentata. PMID- 1132662 TI - Characterization of the molt cycle and its hormonal control in Palaemonetes pugio (Decapoda, Caridea). PMID- 1132663 TI - Effects of corticosteroid treatment and salt loading on the cytophysiology of the interrenal tissue in the pigeon and the quail. PMID- 1132664 TI - Luteinizing hormone in the plasma of white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) during artificial photostimulation. PMID- 1132665 TI - Structure and fine structure of the pars distalis in cyclostome, holostean, and teleostean representatives. PMID- 1132666 TI - Effects of pinealectomy on gonadal activity in the cyprinid teleost, Notemigonus crysoleucas. PMID- 1132667 TI - Thyroglobulins of cyclostomes and an elasmobranch. PMID- 1132668 TI - Observations on the reproductive physiological status of mature herd bulls, bachelor bulls, and young bulls in the hippopotamus. Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius Linnaeus. PMID- 1132669 TI - The effect of prolactin on water movement through the isolated amniotic membrane of the guinea pig. PMID- 1132670 TI - Corpuscles of Stannius: lack of direct involvement in regulation of serum sodium, potassium, and chloride in the teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus. PMID- 1132671 TI - Induction of drinking in the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, by intracranial injection of angiotensin II. PMID- 1132672 TI - Effect of osmotic stress on serum corticoid and plasma glucose levels in the duck (Anas platyrynchos). PMID- 1132673 TI - Prolactin-induced modification on visual pigments in the eastern red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. PMID- 1132674 TI - The effects of testosterone propionate on secondary sexual characters and testes of house sparrows, Passer domesticus. PMID- 1132675 TI - Alteration by drugs of the daily rhythm of plasma corticosteroid concentration in the gulf killifish, Fundulus glandis. PMID- 1132676 TI - Thyroid stimulating hormone distribution in the pars distalis of the Japanese quail. PMID- 1132677 TI - Corticosteroids of the peccary (Dicotyles tajacu). PMID- 1132678 TI - Sex determination in bees. II. Additivity of maleness genes in Apis mellifera. AB - Twenty-two randomly taken morphological characters were used in order to estimate the Mahalanobis generalized distance between diploid males, diploid workers, haploid males and triploid workers. It was found that adult diploid males are metamales and triploid females are slightly masculinized. These facts indicate that the maleness genesare slightly additive. PMID- 1132679 TI - An analysis of the mode of gene action affecting pupa weight in Tribolium castaneum. AB - Triple-testcross experiments (Kearsey and Jinks 1968) were employed to investigate the mode of gene action affecting pupa weight in Tribolium castaneum. Their experimental design involves two inbred lines, the F1 progeny and a segregating population derived from the cross of the inbred lines. In the present experiments, four segregating populations were used. These populations included the F2 generation, a select line (SEL) and two relaxed select lines (RSI and RSII). In addition, all possible reciprocal crosses were made among the RSI, RSII, and SEL populations. It was observed that: (1) additive, dominant and epistatic gene effects all made significant contributions to the pupa weight of the progeny from all four segregating populations: (2) there was no evidence of either accumulation of epistasis as a result of selection in the SEL population or decline in epistasis as a result of removing selection pressure from the RSI and RSII populations; and (3) significant negative heterosis and maternal effects contributed to the pupa weight of the crossbred progeny of the RSI, RSII and SEL populations. PMID- 1132680 TI - Geographical distribution of twelve transferrin alleles in black rats of Asia and Oceania. AB - About 450 black rats (Rattus rattus) were collected from 25 localities in Asia and Oceania. Their serum transferrins were analyzed by a newly developed thin layer acrylamide gel electrophoresis accompanied with acrinol pretreatment, exhibiting 12 transferrin bands. Generally, Asian type rats (2N=42) had fast moving transferrins (R-series), Ceylon type (2N=40) moderately moving ones and Oceanian type (2N=38) slowly moving ones (C-series). Exceptionally, in northern India and Pakistan all Asian-type rats had C-series Tf. The possibility that divergence of R-series Tf and C-series Tf had proceeded the karyotypic differentiation from 42 to 38 is proposed. In combination with the previous molecular data, the time of the divergence is roughly estimated between the order of a million years and ten thousand years. PMID- 1132681 TI - Population size and selection intensity effects on long-term selection response in mice. AB - Long-term response to within full-sib family selection for increased postweaning gain was evaluated in lines having different effective population sized (Ne) and selection intensities (i). Line designations were I4(4), I8(2), I16(2), M4(4), M8(2) and M16(2), where I and M indicate selection of the top 50% and 25%, respectively; 4, 8 and 16 represent the number of parental pairs per replicate and number of replicates is given in parentheses. Realized within full-sib family heritabilities (hR-2) in the first phase of selection (0-14 generations) were larger in 16-pair lines than in 4- and 8-pair lines. In the second phase of selection (greater than 14 generations), hR-2 declined significantly (P smaller than .01) in all lines, and only the I16 and M16 lines had hR-2 values significantly (P smaller than .01) greater than zero. Realized genetic correlations involving number born, 12-day litter weight, weaning weight and six week weight tended to decline in the second phase of selection. The I16, M16 and control (C16) replicates were crossed in all combinations at generation 14. Crosses were then selected within litters for high postweaning gain. The hR-2 values in the crossbred lines were all larger than those in the second selection phase for M16-1. M16-2 and I16-1, but not for I16-2. Within each Ne level, total response was significantly (P smaller than .01) less for I lines compared with M lines. Total response increased as Ne increased, within each level of i. Relatively small differences in realized i values among Ne lines could not account for this result. The difference in total response among the Ne lines at a given selection intensity may be due to inbreeding depression and a combination of interactions involving "drift" and selection. By crossing replicates of the M lines with the C16 control, the effects of inbreeding depression were removed. Inbreeding depression and genetic drift, as defined herein, were equally important in accounting for differences among Ne lines in total response. PMID- 1132682 TI - Enzyme polymorphisms: gene frequency distributions with mutation and selection for optimal activity. AB - Gene frequency distributions observed in large-scale surveys of species of Drosophila are shown to be incompatible with a genetic model involving neutral mutations and genetic drift alone. The data are, however, qualitatively similar to predictions based on an alternative model of natural selection for an optimal level of enzyme activity in addition to drift and mutation. The intensity of selection detected reduces the mean rate ofgene substitution to less than one quarter that expected on the neutral-allele hypothesis. PMID- 1132683 TI - Selection in complex genetic systems III. An effect of allele multiplicity with two loci. AB - A two-locus model with three alleles at one locus and two at the other is studied. The viability system is such that all double heterozygotes have fitness unity, all single heterozygotes have fitness w smaller than 1 and all double homozygotes have fitness w-2. The following are the major findings: 1. There are more stable equilibria for tight linkage than in the corresponding three-locus model, even though the number of chromosomes is lower. 2. The equilibria stable for tight linkage do not belong to a unique high complementarity class, as is the case for two alleles at each locus. Instead the strength of selection determines the structure of the equilibrium. 3. The increase in number of alleles seems to reduce the possible extent of association between the loci. 4. The measure of this association is not well defined, although we have suggested a statistically standard way of getting over this. 5. A mutation introduced while a population is in linkage disequilibrium may, per medium only of the change in number of alleles, destroy the linkage disequilibrium. PMID- 1132684 TI - Mutator genes and selection for the mutation rate in bacteria. AB - Gene frequencies in populations of haploid, asexual organisms are described by linear recurrence equations. Several models in which the mutation rate is controlled by one locus and the fitness is controlled at one or more other loci are developed. It is shown that good approximations can be introduced to give explicit solutions for the course of selection in these models. It is shown that a strong non-equilibrium selection for mutator genes is possible even when the presence of such a gene decreases the fitness of an individual. Experiments that corroborate these conclusions are discussed along with the effects of population size that determine the applicability of these results to natural populations. PMID- 1132685 TI - How many genes are selected in populations of Dacus oleae. AB - Three natural populations of Dacus oleae have been sampled for six electrophoretically detected polymorphic genes. The distribution of the allele frequencies in the different populations were analyzed by the method suggested by Lewontin and Krakauer (1973) (the various in space one) in order to test for selective neutrality. This method, however, which in our case showed that one or more genes are or have been subjected to selection, does not permit estimation of the number of selected loci. An improvement of this method is proposed that perimts a minimum estimation of the selected genes. About a third of them seem to be selected in our material. In our case however, where a cytological analysis is not possible, genes are not differentiated from possible inversions including these genes. PMID- 1132686 TI - Polyallelic mutational equilibria. AB - A new deterministic formulation is derived of the equilibrium between mutation and natural selection, which takes into account(a) the possibility of many allelic mutation states, (b) selection coefficients of the order of magnitude of the mutation rate and (c) the possibility of further mutation of already mutant alleles. The frequencies of classes of alleles 0, 1, 2, n mutant steps removed from the type allele are shown to form a Poisson distribution, with a mean and variance of the mutation rate divided by the coefficient of selection against each incremental mutational step.--This formulation is interpreted in terms of the expected frequencies of electromorphs, defined as classes of alleles characterized by common electrophoretic mobilities of their protein products. Electromorph frequencies are predicted to form stable unimodal distributions of relatively few phenotypic classes. Common electromorph frequencies found throughout the ranges of species with large population sizes are interpreted as being a uniquely electrophoretic phenomenon; band patterns on starch and acrylamide gels are phenotypes, not genotypes. It is predicted that individual electromorphs are highly heterogenous with regard to amino acid sequence. PMID- 1132687 TI - Chemotaxis-defective mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - The technique of countercurrent separation has been used to isolate 17 independent chemotaxis-defective mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The mutants, selected to be relatively insensitive to the normally attractive salt NaCl, show varying degrees of residual sensitivity; some are actually weakly repelled by NaCl. The mutants are due to single gene defects, are autosomal and recessive, and identify at least five complementation groups. PMID- 1132688 TI - The genetics of Drosophila subobscura populations. V. A study of linkage disequilibrium in natural populations between genes and inversions of the E chromosome. AB - The genetics of Hk and Est-9 complex gene have been studied in Drosophila subobscura. While Hk alleles mendelize normally, Est-9 is a complex locus consisting of several very closely linked genes with active and silent alleles. Both genes are located on chromosome E; a detailed genetic map was constructed with the help of visible markers and inversions. Both Hk and Est-9 are included in or are very near to inversions of the E chromosome. While Hk does not show linkage disequilibrium either with Est-9 or inversions, Est-9 does show disequilibrium in two ways: both with inversions and between different Est-9 genes. All natural populations studied show the same kind of association between Est-9 gene combinations and inversions. It is argued that these results are better explained by selection than by neutrality. PMID- 1132689 TI - The evolution of selectively similar electrophoretically detectable alleles in finite natural populations. AB - Most of the models of population genetics are not realistic when applied to data on electrophoretic variants of proteins because the same net charge may result from any of several amino acid combinations. In the absence of realistic models they have, however, been widely used to test competing hypotheses about the origin and maintenance of genetic variation in populations. In this paper I present a general method for determining probability generating functions for electrophoretic state differences. Then I use the method to find allelic state difference distributions for selectively similar electrophoretically detectable alleles in finite natural populations. Predicted patterns of genetic variation, both within and among species, are in reasonable accord with those found in the Drosophila willistoni group by Ayala et al. (1972) and by Ayala and Tracey (1974). PMID- 1132690 TI - Letters to the editors: Lewontin-Krakauer test for neutral genes. PMID- 1132691 TI - Letters to the editors: Remarks on the Lewontin-Krakauer test. PMID- 1132692 TI - Letters to the editors: Testing the heterogeneity of F values. PMID- 1132693 TI - [Permissible level of benz(a)pyrene in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 1132694 TI - [Method for the comparative study of the silicosis hazard of mine dusts]. PMID- 1132695 TI - [Status and tasks of hygienically guaranteeing the optimal conditions at performance sites for physical education and sports]. PMID- 1132696 TI - [Necessity for fluoridation of Krasnodon supply system water]. PMID- 1132697 TI - [Hygienic investigation of a case of river pollution by the wastes from a chemical combine]. PMID- 1132698 TI - [Effect of a UHF field on the activity of certain enzymes and on the level of pyridoxine in the organs of white rats]. PMID- 1132699 TI - [State of vitamin C metabolism in persons temporarily living on the island of Sakhalin]. PMID- 1132700 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of frying fat]. PMID- 1132701 TI - [Effect of atmospheric pollution on the external respiratory function in children]. PMID- 1132702 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of a complex of the incomplete combustion products from household gas on the external respiratory function in man]. PMID- 1132703 TI - [Possibility of utilizing phenoplasts in the practical work of household drinking water supply]. PMID- 1132704 TI - [Study of the effectiveness of removing heavy metals in the biological purification of city sewage]. PMID- 1132705 TI - [Effect of fluorine in the drinking water on the body of animals with experimental diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 1132706 TI - [Effect of desalinated water of low mineral content on human water-electrolyte metabolism]. PMID- 1132708 TI - [Quality and effectiveness of scientific research]. PMID- 1132707 TI - [Toxicity of hydrazine for animals of different ages]. PMID- 1132709 TI - [Drinking water purification in factory-made "Struia"-type compact installations]. PMID- 1132710 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of ammonium on the body in various regimens of action]. PMID- 1132711 TI - [Dynamics of the immunological reactivity to the action on the body of adverse factors in an enclosed living environment]. PMID- 1132712 TI - [Thermal state of men wearing various electrical heating articles of clothing]. PMID- 1132713 TI - [Change in the respiratory and work capacity indices during school work in 7-year old children in kindergarten and school]. PMID- 1132714 TI - [Some social factors in student health]. PMID- 1132715 TI - [Work organization of the Dnepropetrovsk Province Sanitary and Epidemiological Service in the control of the sanitary state of the atmospheric basin]. PMID- 1132716 TI - [Comparative toxicological evaluation of the continuous and interrupted action of sulfur dioxide on the animal organism]. PMID- 1132717 TI - [Work experience in organizing sanitary control over the use of polymeric materials and poisonous chemicals]. PMID- 1132718 TI - [Comparative evaluation of methods for studying the state of the central nervous system in research into hygienic standards]. PMID- 1132719 TI - [Use of thermogravimetry in hygienic research]. PMID- 1132720 TI - [Quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in cell suspensions]. PMID- 1132721 TI - [Experimental setup for the inhalatory dosing of animals with condensation aerosols]. PMID- 1132722 TI - [Determination of the butyl ester of acrylic acid in air by a thin-layer chromatographic method]. PMID- 1132723 TI - [Photometric method of determining sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere]. PMID- 1132724 TI - [Determination of certain unsaturated hydrocarbons used in the synthesis of ethylene-propylene rubbers in the air]. PMID- 1132725 TI - [Experimental device for studying the charge relaxation time of solid dielectrics electrified by friction]. PMID- 1132726 TI - [Intravital determination of the total tritium activity in the body]. PMID- 1132727 TI - [Some general problems and the possibilities for the hygienic standardization of carcinogens of a physical and chemical nature]. PMID- 1132728 TI - [Considerations on maternal malnutrition and malnutrition in utero]. PMID- 1132729 TI - [Giant tumors of the ovary]. PMID- 1132730 TI - [Uterine rupture. Analysis of 37 cases]. PMID- 1132731 TI - [2 new nonsteroid compounds with estrogenic activity]. PMID- 1132732 TI - [Clinical evaluation of clotrimazol in vulvovaginal moniliasis]. PMID- 1132733 TI - [Cytophotometric studies of trophoblastic DNA-F in the 1st trimester of normal pregnancy in humans]. PMID- 1132734 TI - [Amniotic liquor embolia]. PMID- 1132735 TI - [Clinical evaluation of protracted labor]. PMID- 1132736 TI - [Clinical examinations with the aid of the UG-4 ultrasonograph in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 1132737 TI - [Vaginitis treatment with warm natural saline irrigation]. PMID- 1132738 TI - [Treatment of uterine corpus cancer at the I/1 stages of development. III. Radiotherapy]. PMID- 1132739 TI - [Adaptation to living conditions of women cured of uterine cervix cancer]. PMID- 1132740 TI - [Treatment of emesis during pregnancy with Torecan-Sandoz]. PMID- 1132741 TI - [Clinical evaluation of tinidazole (Fasigyn-Pfizer) in the treatment of trichomonas vaginitis in women with abnormal ovarian function]. PMID- 1132742 TI - [Term cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 1132743 TI - [Uterine fibro-sarcomata in the records of the Elblag Municipal Hospital Department of Gynecology during the years 1963-1972]. PMID- 1132744 TI - [Labor psychoprofylaxis: analgesia technic or integral obstetrics?]. PMID- 1132745 TI - [Anemization of the kidney as a factor in premature labor induction]. PMID- 1132746 TI - [Evaluation of plasma clotting system by way of global microtests in premature newborn infants delivered in severe general state]. PMID- 1132747 TI - [The morphologic pattern of aging of mucous membranes of the oviducts in guinea pigs]. PMID- 1132748 TI - [Effect of anemia in pregnancy on labor complications]. PMID- 1132749 TI - [Mitral commissurotomy and pregnancy]. PMID- 1132750 TI - [Evaluation of results of treatment of patients undergoing irradiation for ovarian cancer at the Institute of Oncology in Warsaw in the years 1958-1967]. PMID- 1132751 TI - [Course of pregnancy and labor following Strassman operation]. PMID- 1132752 TI - [Uterine cervix cancer with an atypical clinical course]. PMID- 1132753 TI - [Case of malignant neoplasm of the vulva (probably a melanoma) with an unusually favorable course]. PMID- 1132754 TI - [Case of a foreign body remaining in the uterine cavity for a number of years]. PMID- 1132755 TI - [Clinical and laboratory evaluation of Hibiscrub]. PMID- 1132756 TI - [Role of amniotic fluid examination in the diagnosis of pregnancy complications]. PMID- 1132757 TI - [Blood plasma free amino acids in couples with children demonstrating major congenital malformations]. PMID- 1132758 TI - [Prematurity in labor complicated by malpresentation]. PMID- 1132759 TI - [Intraretinal hemorrhage in newborn infants delivered by natural forces and vacuum extraction]. PMID- 1132760 TI - [Some causes of ectopic pregnancy in the aspect of clinical and anatomo pathological studies]. PMID- 1132761 TI - [Urinary estrogen excretion in cases of uterine bleeding in the II trimester of pregnancy not connected with placenta praevia]. PMID- 1132762 TI - [Vesico-uterine fistula following cesarean section performed by the Geppert-Fuchs method]. PMID- 1132763 TI - [Nucleotides, coenzymes and indirect glycolysis metabolites in newborn infants' erythrocytes in a case of 13th pair trisomy with 13/13 translocation]. PMID- 1132764 TI - [Case of giant tumor originating in the mesocolon transversum base diagnosed initially as ovarian tumor]. PMID- 1132765 TI - [2 cases of cancer of the vulva in women under the age of 30]. PMID- 1132766 TI - [Radioimmunological and serological evaluation of FSH and LH concentrations in women with primary and secondary amenorrhea]. PMID- 1132767 TI - [An outline of obstetrical approach to breech deliveries at the I Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Warsaw. Comparative studies of obtained results and methods without the use of oxytocin and oxytocin-assisted manual help in pelvic labor in our records in the years 1921-1974]. PMID- 1132768 TI - Editorial: Andromedia strain? PMID- 1132770 TI - Growth and lipid metabolism in genetically different types of calves in a tropical environment. AB - Growth rates were compared in suckling Britves of cows grazing in a tropical environment. The plasma lipid composition of calves and their dams was examined at intervals from 14 weeks post-partum to 3 weeks post-weaning. Growth rates from birth to weaning were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in zubru than in British calves. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipid were always higher in zebu than in British calves and in Brahman cross calves increased from 14 to 19 weeks of age followed by a decline prior to weaning at 30 weeks old. There were only small changes in the concentrations of these constituents in Africander cross and British calves during this period. At 3 weeks post-weaning the plasma concentrations of cholesterol were lower (P less than 0.01) than the pre-weaning levels in all calves. The concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipid and total ketones were higher (P less than 0.01) in zebu than in British cows. There weer significant relationships between plasma concentrations of cholesterol and growth rates in zebu calves and between growth rates of calves and the plasma cholesterol concentration of their dams in all breeds. The results suggest the possibility of using plasma cholesterol concentrations as indices of lactational status and growth rates of calves. PMID- 1132769 TI - Influence of diet and age on ribonucleic acid, protein and free amino acid levels of rat skeletal muscle. AB - The relationship of dietary protein to RNA, protein and free amino acids in the growth of rat gastrocnemii (GN) muscles over 4, 8, and 12 week periods, was investigated in male weanling rats. The N content of casein diets, C-1, C-2, and C-3 was 0.76, 1.41 and 2.88% while that of the supplemented wheat (SW) diet was 2.5%, respectively. The decrease in concentration of RNA with age was significantly influenced by diet. Accumulation of RNA over a period of time was also influenced by diet, for the C-1 diet permitted only limited accumulation and the C-2 and SW diets restricted accumulation to within 80% of that of the C-3 diet. While protein concentration was affected more by age than by diet, accumulation was influenced by diet, greatest quantities being found in C-3 and SW rats throughout the experimental period. Changes in free amino acid concentration of GN muscles also occurred with age and reflected quantitatively the C-2 and C-3 dietary amino acid patterns. The high levels of certain amino acids in C-1 rats, however, were typical of those found during periods of restrictive protein intake. All criteria of measurement indicated growth and development were greatly restricted by the C-1 diet, less restricted by the C-2 diet while the C-3 diet permitted normal growth. PMID- 1132771 TI - Changes in water, protein, sodium, potassium, and chloride in tissues with growth of the beagle. AB - Changes in total body and tissue composition of 43 beagles were analyzed from 0 day (birth) to 1 year. The tissues studied were skeletal muscle, viscera (heart, lungs, gut, liver, kidneys), skeleton, skin, and brain, and the data were expressed as follows: fat-free tissue weight (FFTW) as a per cent of total fat free wet weight (FFWW); water and protein in grams per kilogram FFTW; and Na, Cl, K in milliequivalents FFTW. The mass of skeletal muscle increased from 21% of FFWW at birth to 36% at 1 year while the contribution of the remainder of the tissues decreased: skeleton from 30 to 25%, viscera 23 to 15%, skin 18 to 13%, and brain 4 to 0.9%. Over the same period, total body water decreased from 780 g/kg to 665, water of skeletal muscle from 771 to 665, of viscera from 782 to 621, of skeleton from 644 to 424, of skin from 765 to 669, of brain from 853 to 692; Total protein increased from 113 g/kg to 196, in skeletal muscle from 122 to 253, in viscera from 114 to 195, in skeleton from 71 to 112, in skin from 170 to 227, and in brain from 63 to 164. Total Na was 84 mEq/kg throughout the first year of growth, 101 for skeleton, and 89 for skin, while Na increased in viscera from 66 to 75 and in brain from 63 to 77, but decreased in skeletal muscle from 75 to 59. Total K increased from 31 mEq/kg at birth to 62 at 1 year, and from 38 to 107 in skeletal muscle, from 49 to 78 in viscera, and decreased from 27 to 11 in skin, and 42 to 122 in brain. Total Cl decreased from 58 to 49, in skeletal muscle from 52 to 34, in skeleton from 43 to 33, while that in viscera increased from 56 to 78. The contribution of skeletal muscle and viscera (the major metabolic cell mass) to total FFWW increased from 44 to 52%, and it contributed over 50% of total water, protein, Cl, and 89% of K. Skeletal muscle accounted for the increases. Skin and skeleton contributed 38% of FFWW, 17% of water, 29% of Na, 19% of Cl, 16% of protein, and 10% of K. The rates of change in these parameters fell into three patterns: (1) the content of the chemical component did not change significanly in the first year of growth; (2) it increased or decreased at a constant rate; or (3) there were two rates at which the concentration changed; the break between them occurred between the third and fourth months and coincided with evidence of increasing sexual maturation. A specific pattern of change was characteristic of a particular tissue and appeared independent of that of the total dog and other tissues. These data support the conclusion that there are mechanisms intrinsic to each tissue which exert a degree of control during growth over its chemical composition; therefore, growth itself can be considered an intrinsic regulatory mechanism. PMID- 1132772 TI - Model for the growth of a solid in vitro tumor. AB - A model for the growth of a tumor by diffusion is considered for spheroids which are grown in a normal medium in suspension culture. The experimental evidence indicates that, upon the onset of necrosis in the centre of the spheroid, the viable rim thickness decreases relatively slowly. This evidence contradicts the results of the usual model in which the oxygen consumption per unit volume is assumed to be constant. The proposed model assumes that the oxygen concentration is constant above a critical value, and proportional to the concentration below this critical value. The viable rim thickness of the spheroid, as a function of the necrotic radium, varies markedly over the range of the parameters in this model. By suitably choosing these parameters, the results of this model agree with the experimental evidence. PMID- 1132773 TI - Increase in rat liver ribonuclease inhibitor levels during the neonatal period. AB - Alkaline ribonuclease (RNase) activity in nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic fractions of rat liver is higher in newborn animals than in young adults. The level of cytoplasmic RNase inhibitor is low in newborn rat liver and increases more than two fold by 10 days of age. PMID- 1132774 TI - Skeletal growth and development of achondroplastic mice. AB - Skeletal development of achondroplastic (cn/cn) mice, aged 2 to 7 weeks, was investigated and compared with that of equally old non-achondroplastic sibs. Differences in body weight and dry weight of femora, tibiae, humeri, and unlae, and in the length of tibiae, unlae, and humeri became more marked with advancing age. Of the biochemical assays carried out, only those for sialic acid and hydroxyproline disclosed significant differences between dwarfs and non-dwarfs, all dwarfs having higher levels of hydroxyproline, and most of them having higher sialic acid levels than the non-dwarfs. Histologically, no distinction could be made between growth zones of non-dwarfs, of cn/+, or +/+ genotype. Among the dwarfs, two groups differing as to the severity of the skeletal abnormality could be distinguished. The differences between dwarfs were most marked in the growth zones of tibiae and femora, less conspicuous in those of vertebrae and least pronounced at the chondro-osseous junction of the ribs. The cause or causes of the histologic heterogeneity remain unknown. PMID- 1132775 TI - Effects of light environment on the weight of bursa of Fabricius in White Rock chicks. AB - The weight of the bursa of Fabricius of White Rock chicks reared under two photoperiods was studied in relation to body weight, weight of the endocrine organs, and spleen using a multiple correlation method. At the 95% level of confidence the coefficient of determination suggested that the weight of the bursa could be predicted with 77% plus or minus 7.8% accuracy from the organs weighed for a period from 2-24 weeks, the weight of the pituitary being the most stable contributor to this prediction. The weight of the spleen, similarly, could be predicted with a 92% plus or minus 3.8% accuracy. Correlations of testes and thyroid weight with bursa weight suggested possible influence of testosterone and thyroxin on bursa-spleen relationships during the period of bursal growth and involution. PMID- 1132776 TI - Growth and development of the fetal Rhesus monkey. VI. Morphometric analysis of the developing lung. AB - Groups of fetal monkeys were studied at 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 days gestational age, and postnatal monkeys were studied at 175 days gestational age and in adult life (full term gestation is 168 plus or minus 4 days). The ratios between the various tissues of which lung is composed were determined by light and electronmicroscopy. Characteristic changes in ratios were noted at each developmental age. Primitive bronchioles increased from 50 to 75 days, decreased as permanent bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli developed, and were absent after 150 days. Mesenchymal tissue decreased progressively from 50 to 150 days. Alveoli were present at 100 days gestational age; alveolar lumens accounted for approximately 1/2 the volume of peripheral lung by 150 days, and 2/3 the volume of lung in adult animals. By 150 days alveolar epithelial cells could be identified as Type I (membranous) or Type II (granular) on the basis of the characteristic cytoplasmic lamellar inclusion bodies of the latter. The ratios of the Type II/Type I cells were .21-.23 at 150 and 175 days, and fell to approximately half that value in adult lungs. PMID- 1132777 TI - Compensatory adaptations of skeletal muscle composition to a long-term functional overload. AB - Compensatory hypertrophy of rat plantaris muscle was induced by ablating the synergistic gastrocnemius muscle. The sham-operated contralateral muscle served as a control. Within 5, 30 and 60 days postoperatively, the wet weight of the hypertrophied plantaris was 40, 64, and 109% greater, respectively, than the contralateral control. Two patterns of changing muscle composition emerged with compensatory hypertrophy: (1) an early (less than or equal to 5 days) increase in DNA content (+190%) which resulted in a sharp decline in the wet weight per nucleus ratio (-50%). This coincided with an increase in sarcoplasmic and stromal proteins and a fall in myofibrillar protein concentration. These changes were followed by (2) a secondary increase (30-60 days postoperatively) in the proportions of myofibrillar proteins with a corresponding decline in sarcoplasmic proteins. PMID- 1132778 TI - Cellular characteristics of skeletal muscle in selected strains of pigs and mice and the unselected controls. AB - Skeletal muscle growth of swine differing in rate of growth and muscularity was studied by analysis of DNA, RNA, and protein in the semitendinosus muscle of fast growing domestic lean pigs (Yorkshire) and the slow-growing feral obese pigs (Ossabaw). Both lean and obese strains were fed ad libitum corn and soybean mean diet containing 14% protein. The pigs were slaughtered at 6 months of age. The Yorkshire pig had significantly greater body and muscle weights (P less than 0.005) Total DNA, RNA, and protein in semitendinosus muscles were significantly greater in the Yorkshire pigs (P less than 0.005). RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios were significantly different between the Yorkshire and Ossabaw pigs. These data suggest that the greater muscle growth in the Yorkshire pigs is achieved by greater cell numbers and size. The response of skeletal muscle cells and fiber characteristics to selection was studied in two strains of mice by analysis of DNA, RNA, and histological measurement of muscle fibers. Both strains were fed ad libitum on laboratory rat chow diet. They were sacrificed at 12 months of age. Leg muscle DNA and RNA were significantly greater in the mice selected for rapid growth rate as compared to the control (P less than 0.005 and P less than .10, respectively). Measurements of the semimembranosus muscle reveal that the growth strain had significantly greater muscle weight (P less than .01) and muscle length (P less than 0.005). Histological measurements of the same muscle showed that the growth strain had significantly greater fiber number (P less than 0.005) and larger fiber size (P less than 0.005) than the controls. It would appear that the greater muscle cellularity (DNA) in growth strain mice is accompanied by greater muscle length, fiber number, and fiber diameter. PMID- 1132779 TI - [Experience with the surgical and bronchological treatment of severe forms of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 1132780 TI - [Treatment of giant pulmonary air cavities that simulate spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 1132781 TI - [Complication of a pericardial puncture]. PMID- 1132782 TI - [Improved needle for puncture catheterization of the subclavian vein]. PMID- 1132783 TI - [Late results of the prosthetic reconstruction of the valves of the right heart]. PMID- 1132784 TI - [Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 1132785 TI - [Factors affecting the severity and frequency of the occurrence of suppurative complications after an operation with artificial circulation]. PMID- 1132786 TI - [Principles for correcting hyperheparinemic hemorrhages]. PMID- 1132787 TI - [State of energy metabolism in mitral stenosis depending on the stage of the defect and on the degree of circulatory disorder]. PMID- 1132788 TI - [Role of coronarography in evaluating the indications and contraindications for a cardiac revascularization operation]. PMID- 1132789 TI - [Bloodless method of determining the median pressure in the left auricle and the systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 1132790 TI - [Cardiodynamics and pulmonary circulation in disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 1132791 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of inhalatory scintipneumography using radioaerosols in surgery on the lungs and pleura in children]. PMID- 1132792 TI - [Protracted and chronic pleural empyema in children]. PMID- 1132793 TI - [Conservative treatment of the pleural complications of staphylococcal destruction of the lungs in children]. PMID- 1132794 TI - [Factors affecting the frequency of exploratory thoracotomies in lung cancer]. PMID- 1132795 TI - [Effect of reconstructive operations on the bronchi on the functioning of the remaining lobe of the lung]. PMID- 1132796 TI - [Risk factors in prosthetic reconstruction of the mitral valve]. PMID- 1132797 TI - [Pulmonary atelectasis in closed thoracic injury]. PMID- 1132798 TI - [Changes in central hemodynamics in experimental closed thoracic injury]. PMID- 1132799 TI - Oral manifestations of Crohn's disease. AB - In a systematic study of 100 patients with Crohn's disease, 100 with ulcerative colitis, and of 100 normal subjects matched for age, sex, and denture status, nine patients with Crohn's disease, two with ulcerative colitis, and one normal control were found to have oral lesions. In Crohn's disease, the macroscopic and histological appearances resembled those encountered elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract and their incidence was related to the activity of the disorder. The lesions in the other two groups were different macroscopically and histologically. Production of salivary IgA was found to be reduced in Crohn's patients with active bowel disease. It is suggested that the occurrence of oral lesions in patients with Crohn's disease might represent a local immunological reaction to oral antigens. PMID- 1132800 TI - Estimation of carcinoembryonic antigen in ulcerative colitis with special reference to malignant change. AB - The levels of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were estimated in 59 control subjects attending St Mark's Hospital and in 139 patients with uncomplicated ulcerative colitis. There was little difference in the CEA levels in the two groups. In the colitic patients, the actual CEA values could not be correlated with the age of the patient, the activity of the disease, the extent of bowel involvement, or the length of history. In addition, seven colitic patients with severe dysplastic changes in the rectal mucosa and seven patients with established carcinoma in colitis were studied. With one exception in each group, the CEA levels in these patients were within the range shown by the St Mark's Hospital control population. PMID- 1132801 TI - Ileal function in patients with untreated adult coeliac disease. AB - A double-lumen perfusion technique has been used to investigate jejunal and ileal absorption of glucose, water, and electrolytes in a group of patients with untreated adult coeliac disease. Correct positioning of the tube was confirmed by measuring the differential jejunal and ileal handling of bicarbonate. Eight control subjects and eight patients with coeliac disease were perfused with an isotonic electrolyte solution containing 50 mM glucose and 25 mM bicarbonate. The group of coeliac patients had impaired jejunal absorption of glucose (P less than 0.001), water (P less than 0.01), sodium (P less than 0.02), and chloride (P greater than 0.05) compared with the control group. In contrast the group of coeliac patients had normal ileal glucose and water absorption and increased ileal sodium (P greater than 0.01) and chloride (P greater than 0.05) absorption compared with the controls. Evidence for ileal adaptation was found in three individual patients who had absorptive values outside 2SD of the normal mean. The results indicate that the distal small intestine in coeliac disease has the ability to adopt to the damage and loss of absorptive capacity in the proximal small intestine. PMID- 1132802 TI - The effect of intravenous infusions of prostaglandins E-2 and F-2alpha on human gastric function. AB - The effect of intravenous infusions of prostaglandins E-2 and F(-2alpha) at various dose levels on basal, or on maximally or submaximally pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion, was studied in 40 male subjects. Intraluminal antral pressures were also measured. Prostaglandin F (0.08 mug kg-minus 1 min-minus 1) transiently, but significantly, inhibited submaximal acid output and increased the frequency of antral contractions. Prostaglandin E(2)(0.08 mug kg-minus 1 min minus 1) inhibited basal acid secretion. PMID- 1132803 TI - Electrical potential difference, sodium absorption and potassium secretion by the human rectum during carbenoxolone therapy. AB - The transmucosal electrical potential difference (pd) and the sodium and potassium net fluxes were measured in the rectum of subjects taking carbenoxolone. There was a rise in transmucosal pd persisting throughout treatment in all subjects which was accompanied by an increase in sodium absorption and potassium secretion. Comparison of the pd changes produced by carbenoxolone with those due to the mineralocorticoid 9-alpha-fluorocortisol showed that carbenoxolone had about 1/1000th the potency on a weight basis and the two drugs appeared to be additive in their effects. Topical instillation of carbenoxolone into the rectum produced an elevation of pd which persisted for three days. Amiloride and bendrofluazide did not interfere with these actions of carbenoxolone but spironolactone abolished them. One patient who developed fluid retention and hypokalaemia had a rectal pd similar to that of the other patients who had no side effects. PMID- 1132805 TI - [Treatment of stress and anxiety states after myocardial infarction by group rehabilitation]. PMID- 1132804 TI - A study of lymph nodes draining colorectal cancer using a two-stage inhibition of leucocyte migration technique. AB - A two-stage technique for leucocyte migration inhibition has been developed which demonstrates the sensitization of lymph node lymphocytes to colorectal tumour extract. The studies have confirmed that some lymph nodes draining colorectal carcinomata contain sensitized lymphocytes. However, the degree of lymphocyte sensitization to tumour extract does not seem greater than that seen in lymph nodes of the small bowel mesentery or of the peripheral blood. PMID- 1132806 TI - [Dermatitis herpetiformis as a presenting sign of pulmonary malignancy]. PMID- 1132807 TI - [Reconstruction of the breast in cases of macromastia and ptosis]. PMID- 1132808 TI - [Pancreatico-duodenectomy]. PMID- 1132809 TI - [Cutaneous artifacts]. PMID- 1132810 TI - [Reiter's syndrome]. PMID- 1132811 TI - [Myxoglobulosis of the appendix]. PMID- 1132812 TI - [Phlebography of the lower extremities]. PMID- 1132813 TI - [Crisis in internal medicine]. PMID- 1132814 TI - [The kidneys and urinary tract in our ancient sources]. PMID- 1132815 TI - [Editorial: Equality in medicine]. PMID- 1132816 TI - [Editorial: Recent advances in neurological surgery]. PMID- 1132818 TI - [Editorial: Transient ischemic attack]. PMID- 1132817 TI - [Editorial: Artificial abortion and the law]. PMID- 1132819 TI - [Liver damage following salicylate intake]. PMID- 1132820 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency syndrome]. PMID- 1132821 TI - [The treatment of malignant neoplasia with adriamycin]. PMID- 1132822 TI - [Lyophilized amnion in burns and skin loss]. PMID- 1132823 TI - [Ultrastructural alterations of the eosinophils in hypereosinophilic syndrome]. PMID- 1132824 TI - [Cerebrovascular accidents among Druzes in Western Galilee]. PMID- 1132825 TI - [Vascular tumor of the liver in a newborn]. PMID- 1132826 TI - [Death of an infant following intravenous pyelography]. PMID- 1132827 TI - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix]. PMID- 1132828 TI - [Inheritance and evolution of tumor inducing RNA viruses]. PMID- 1132829 TI - [The role of non-histone chromosomal problems in genetic regulation]. PMID- 1132830 TI - [Complete integration of ophthalmic services in the Negev]. PMID- 1132831 TI - [Editorial: The eosinophilic granulocyte]. PMID- 1132832 TI - [Editorial: The use of methadone in the U.S.A. and its efficacy]. PMID- 1132833 TI - [Editorial: Air pollution and respiratory diseases]. PMID- 1132834 TI - [Biopharmaceutical properties of drugs and their bioavailability]. PMID- 1132835 TI - [The incidence of dumping syndrome after partial gastrectomy and posterior anastomosis]. PMID- 1132836 TI - [Treatment of soft tissue injuries caused by high velocity missiles]. PMID- 1132837 TI - [Relationship between postpartum serum oxytocinase levels and afterpains]. PMID- 1132838 TI - [Extrapulmonary tuberculosis during hemodialysis]. PMID- 1132839 TI - [Mixed renal stone associated with multiple metabolic disorders]. PMID- 1132840 TI - [A hazard of oral temperature measurement]. PMID- 1132841 TI - [Who should and who should not travel by air]. PMID- 1132842 TI - [The central nervous supervision of motility]. PMID- 1132844 TI - [Editorial: Cellular immunization in autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 1132843 TI - [Editorial: Cardiac surgery and its mental influence]. PMID- 1132845 TI - [Editorial: The diagnosis of various kinds of meningitis]. PMID- 1132846 TI - Long-term toxicity of indigo carmine in mice. PMID- 1132847 TI - Saccharin: lack of chromosome-damaging activity in chinese hamsters in vivo. PMID- 1132848 TI - Short-term toxicity of isoamyl salicylate in rats. PMID- 1132849 TI - Studies on degraded carrageenan in rats and guinea-pigs. PMID- 1132850 TI - Studies on the metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat I. Effect of dose, route of administration and sex. PMID- 1132851 TI - Effect on guinea-pigs of feeding nitrosomorpholine and its precursors in combination with ascorbic acid. PMID- 1132852 TI - Mutagenic evaluation of an alcoholic extract from gamma-irradiated potatoes. PMID- 1132853 TI - Environmental factors in the origin of cancer and estimation of the possible hazard to man. PMID- 1132854 TI - Long-term administration of artificial sweeteners to the rhesus monkey (M. mulatta). PMID- 1132855 TI - Letter: L-glutamic and L-aspartic acids--a question of hazard? PMID- 1132856 TI - Letter: An alternative method for the decomposition of nitrosamines in solution. PMID- 1132857 TI - Medicolegal aspects of sex determination. PMID- 1132858 TI - Unexpected natural death of cerebral origin in medicolegal practice. AB - Due to the rapid evolution of vascular lesions it is not surprising that most causes of sudden death of cerebral origin are due to vascular pathology. Of the traumatic causes extradural haemorrhage is a fairly common clinical entity but as a cause of death declining in its frequency. Sources of diagnostic error can be attributed to the fact that not all patients with extradural haematomas have marked external evidence of trauma and a significant number, particularly children and adolescents, show no radiological, clinical or for that matter, post mortem evidence of a fracture. Subdural haematomas of a chronic variety are usually produced by minor trauma and occur predominantly in the older person. Acute subdural haematomas are most frequently the result of trauma and may be rapidly fatal due to the associated massive cerebral damage. That intracranial aneurysm or angioma may rupture into the subdural space and cause an acute or chronic subdural haematoma, is less widely appreciated. The acute spontaneous arterial subdural haematoma due to the rupture of a cortical vessel, usually one affected by atheroma, into the subdural space is an uncommon entity. It should be looked for specifically in patients with minimal trauma and the clinical picture of an acute subdural haematoma. Subarachnoid haemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture is still the common cause of unexpected rapid demise in young adults. There is very little evidence that antecedent trauma or exertion play a part as precipitating factors. Centrally placed aneurysms situated at the anterior communicating artery origin or terminal carotid seem to be particularly malignant in their effects. Cause of death is usually massive extrusion of blood into the intracranial cavity with increasing intracranial pressure, compressive haematoma formation and widespread arterial spasm with ischaemic consequences. Whether aneurysmal rupture can be caused by trauma cannot really be satisfactorily resolved. Intracerebral haemorrhage is most commonly due to hypertension but, as in the case of other haematomas, bleeding disorders may also be a cause. Intracerebral haematoma may, however, also result from rupture of micro-angiomata and the brain should be carefully examined for them in the young patient without evidence of hypertension. Hypertensive crises occurring in people on monoamine oxidase inhibitors should also be remembered as a cause of intracerebral haemorrhage. PMID- 1132859 TI - Unexpected natural death of iatrogenic origin. AB - The paper deals solely with iatrogenic disaster due to the misuse of therapeutic drugs prescribed or unprescribed, and its main purpose is to encourage a high index of suspicion that an unexpected apparently natural death may be iatrogenic due to the medicines administered before death. Toxic effect, side effect and adverse reaction are defined and particular attention is given to adverse effects induced by drug interaction and to the impact of disease and of the extremes of age on the potency of drugs. The deaths under discussion are "biochemical deaths" and as such are difficult to prove at post mortem examination especially if the forensic pathologist has not been made aware of the identity of drugs administered before death. Examples which are apt to create difficulties, particularly those due to drug interaction, are discussed, including oral hypoglycaemics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, hypotensives and cardiac glycosides. The solution to the problem is not to refrain from using necessary drugs, but to use them wisely with full awareness of the mechanisms whereby they can become lethal. PMID- 1132860 TI - Unexpected death of endocrine origin. AB - Diseases of the endocrine glands may be silent or of little apparent consequence for long periods of time, but may nevertheless have an unexpected and acutely fatal termination. Some of these facets are explored in this paper. A full clinical history (including therapy) and thorough autopsy is necessary to exclude the endocrine causes of unexpected deaths. PMID- 1132861 TI - The evaluation of fat deposits around brain vessels in infants. AB - Perivascular deposits of lipid material around small encephalic vessels in infants had by some authors been regarded as an indication of damage to the vessel walls. It had been presumed that an acute cerebral oedema could be favoured by such a process. Studying the problem in 100 cases of forensic and non forensic autopsies were found deposits in cells of the adventitial space in the brain of all infants older than 4-5 weeks as well as in those of older infants and adults. Almost exclusively the vessels of the subcortical medulla were concerned. Further histochemical investigations of lipid material in cells of the CNS suggest that the deposited materials is not a preliminary stage of myelination. The deposits seem to be caused by a slight physiological parenchymal degeneration. PMID- 1132862 TI - Suicide in thailand. AB - The 581 suicidal cases which occurred in the period 1960-1969, are reviewed from the autopsy reports in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Siriraj Hospital. The following conclusions are drawn: The male: female suicide ratio is 6 : 4; The highest age-group incidence is 20--39 years; Girls predominate among adolescents (0-19 years); By occupation farmers show the highest suicide rate; There is a high incidence among single as well as among married persons; Poisoning is the commonest method of suicide, Parathion being the poison of choice; A suspected predominate cause is emotional instability but among males socioeconomic factors play an important role; There were 11 pregnant cases and 17 attempters in the series studied. PMID- 1132863 TI - Determination of fluorocarbon 11 and fluorocarbon 12 in post-mortem tissues: a case report. AB - This report describes the death of a teenager due to inhalation of fluorocarbon aerosol propellants and presents a method for the determination of trichlorofluoromethane (fluorocarbon 11) and dichlorodifluoromethane (fluorocarbon 12) in post-mortem samples. The post-mortem blood and tissue levels of these fluorocarbons are also presented. The distribution of fluorocarbon 11 and fluorocarbon 12 is similar to that observed in chloroform deaths. PMID- 1132864 TI - Detection of firearm discharge residues in blood-stained articles by fluorescence. AB - A quick and sensitive method has been developed for the chemical detection of nitrous derivatives discharged from a firearm. Detection by fluorescence is especially suitable for blood-stained articles such as clothing, which often give confusing results when the conventional methods are used. PMID- 1132865 TI - Comparative study on the underlying cause and mode of death established prior to and after medicolegal autopsy. AB - A comparative study was made on the underlying cause and mode of death determined in 600 consecutive cases by forensic physicians before and after medicolegal autopsy. All available information including police records, medical documents of decedents and the results of the external medicolegal examination of the corpse were utilized to determine the cause and mode of death before autopsy. The mode of death would have been defined erroneously in 10% of cases and the underlying cause of death in 29.5% of cases if medicolegal autopsy had not been performed. The present results are consistent with previous studies which indicate that the determination of the underlying cause of death is significantly more accurate when an autopsy is performed. They also suggest that in a large number of routine medicolegal cases a similar trend, but at a lower rate, is associated with the determination of the mode of death. PMID- 1132866 TI - Adaptation and failure of adaptation to extreme natural environments. AB - Although the environmental stresses to which man is subjected on the ground are less than those commonly encountered in aviation or under water, they may still exceed an individual's powers of adaptation. Extremes of temperature, commonly encountered in the Arctic or the tropics, may occur in regions of normally temperate climate and lead to failure of temperature regulation, resulting in hypothermia, frostbite, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke. High mountains impose additional hazards due to high winds and lack of oxygen, and deep mines are dangerous work-places because of high temperature and humidity. Some physiological acclimatization occurs in extreme natural environments and the dangers may be reduced by appropriate clothing, diet and behaviour. PMID- 1132868 TI - Components of variation in a multifactorial character: a dermatoglyphic analysis. PMID- 1132867 TI - Fatal arrhythmia following deodorant inhalation: case report. AB - With the removal from the general marketplace of volatile hydrocarbons which have been previously abused by "thrill-seekers", new and often unlikely products are now being exploited by those who whish to escape reality. Many of these products have proven harmful. An example of such an unusual product is reported in this case of a sixteen-year-old male who inhaled Arrid Extra-Dry aerosol deodorant and subsequently died following ventricular fibrillation. The only findings at autopsy were cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and generalized visceral congestion. PMID- 1132869 TI - Fertility differentials in modern societies resulting in normalizing selection for height. PMID- 1132870 TI - Predictability of body segment volumes in living subjects. PMID- 1132871 TI - A growth study on Indian infants: non-relationship with placental alkaline phosphatase genotypes. PMID- 1132872 TI - Age changes in skinfold thickness among upper class school children of differing ethnic backgrounds residing in Guatemala. PMID- 1132873 TI - Generalized joint laxity in Igloolik Eskimos and in Island Lake Amerindians. PMID- 1132874 TI - Comments concerning the alleged association between heterozygosity for the Gm and Inv allotypes and the Au antigen. PMID- 1132875 TI - The herald lesion of the urinary bladder: a nonspecific but significant pathologic change. PMID- 1132876 TI - Papillary clear cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. AB - A case of an unusual papillary clear cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is described. The patient expired 17 days after operative biopsy and thyroxine suppression. Special stains were helpful in differentiating renal cortical carcinoma and parathyroid malignant disease from primary papillary clear cell carcinoma of the thyroid. Ultrastructural features of this tumor may relate to the effects of thyroid stimulating hormone as well as the malignant nature of the tumor. PMID- 1132877 TI - Irregular phenotypic expression of ring chromosomes. AB - 2 patients with 13- and C9-rings are reported. On reviewing the phenotypical features of the published ring carriers and comparing them with our results we do not find any characteristic similarities. This can be explained by cytogenetical and biological findings. We are therefore inclined to reject the existence of clear-cut ring chromosome syndromes. PMID- 1132878 TI - [Influence of several weeks' treatment of male and female mice with saccharin, cyclamate or cyclohexylamine sulfate on fertility and dominant lethal effects (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to find out whether long-term treatment of male and female mice with saccharin sodium, sodium cyclamate or cyclohexylamine sulfate, would reduce fertility or induce dominant lethal mutations. Before mating, saccharin sodium or sodium cyclamate were added to the food in a concentration of 1%, while cyclohexylamine sulfate was added in a concentration of 0.11% for at least 10 weeks. This treatment corresponded, in the case of saccharin sodium and sodium cyclamate, to an active substance intake of approx. 2000 mg/kg per day and for cyclohexylamine sulfate to an intake of approx. 200 mg/kg per day (corresponding to approx. 136 mg cyclohexylamine per kilogram per day). These doses affected neither the females nor the males in respect of appearance, behaviour, and weight gain. The doses were also compatible with the normal fertility of the animals. Furthermore, in all cases the treatment did not cause a biologically important increase of pre-implantative and post-implantative losses. The dominant lethal tests did not indicate a mutagenic action of saccharin sodium or sodium cyclamate (1% in the food) and of cyclohexylamine sulfate (0.11% in the food) after 10 weeks' treatment of male and female mice. These results, obtained after long-term treatment, corresponded generally to the findin PMID- 1132879 TI - In vitro lymphocytic transformation chromosome breakage and cellular damage in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. AB - The lymphocytic transformation in vitro has been studied in 2 cases of ataxia telangiectasia and compared to that of 2 controls. Significant difference was found between the two groups in the behavior of lymphocytes for two different times of culture. After 48 hrs culturing, important individual variability in RNA synthesis and lower per cent of cells in mitosis was found in the first group. After 120 hrs culturing less important DNA synthesis was found in the first group and about the same per cent of cells in mitosis. After 48 hrs cultures, cellular damage was found in the first group and after 120 hrs cultures, chromosome anomalies were found in the first group. PMID- 1132880 TI - A homozygote for a serum albumin variant of the slow type. AB - A woman from the Trento district of Northern Italy was found to have albumin of a variant type only. Her parents were first cousins and she had two daughters who were both alloalbuminemic. This is probably the first case of a homozygote for a slow albumin variant and it indicates that individuals with only electrophoretically unusual albumin are physiologically normal. PMID- 1132881 TI - A contribution to the phenotype distribution of phosphoglucomutase in Czechoslovakia (the district of Ceske Budejovice). AB - A population sample of 416 unrelated donors from Ceske Budejovice (southern Bohemia) was investigated for the phenotypes of phosphoglucomutase (PGM). The calculated frequencies of the alleles PGM1-1 and PGM2-1 0.770 and 0.230, respectively, correspond to the expected frequencies of the phenotypes PGM 1 equals 0.593, PGM 2--1 equals 0.354, and PGM 2 equals 0.0529. No rare phenotype was detected. PMID- 1132882 TI - A case of centric fission in man. PMID- 1132883 TI - Congenital sensori-neural deafness associated with onycho-osteo dystrophy and mental retardation (D.O.O.R. syndrome). AB - A characteristic syndrome is described in which congenital sensori-neural deafness is associated not only with onychodystrophy but also with congenital bony anomalies the most characteristic of which are tri-phalangeal thumbs, bi phalangeal digits of hands and feet, and dystrophic terminal phalanges of some of the fingers and toes. In addition, there is mental retardation and the dermatoglyphics are characterized by the presence of 10 arches and elevation of the atd angles. The syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive. It is suggested that this entity be named the D.O.O.R. Syndrome because of the deafness, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy and retardation. A similar syndrome without retardation as described by Goodman et al. (1969) appears to be inherited as an autosomal dominant. PMID- 1132884 TI - A new dominantly inherited syndrome of cleft palate. PMID- 1132885 TI - Reversal by cyclophosphamide of tolerance in contact sensitization. Tolerance induced by prior feeding with DNCB. AB - Tolerance to DNCB induced by feeding guinea-pigs with the same hapten has been reversed by a single treatment with cyclophosphamide. This is paralleled by a return of the ability of T cells to proliferate in the draining lymph node following sensitization. Certain quantitative differences between this system and that previously described using intravenous DNBSO3 have been revealed. These may indicate some difference between these two mechanisms of tolerance induction. PMID- 1132886 TI - Interactions between the immunological responses of a thymus-independent antigen (Salmonella adelaide O antigen) with a thymus-dependent antigen (sheep erythrocytes) in the adult bird. AB - The bird's antibody response to a thymus-dependent antigen (sheep erythrocytes) (SRBC) and a thymus-independent antigen (SALMONELLA ADELAIDE O antigen) were characterized: whereas the former proceeded through a brief 19S response to a declining 7S response, the latter failed to switch from 19S TO 7S for several weeks and consisted in repeated excursions of 19S antibodies. When injected intravenously and simultaneously an injection of S. adelaide-killed organisms and SRBC interact, so that the response to the latter fails to switch from 19S TO 7S and consists of repeated excursions of 19S antibodies. The changed character of the SRBC response is interpreted to be due to the relative lack of 7S antibody: passive 7S antibody to S. adelaide O antigen or 7S anti-SRBC produces a negative feedback inhibition of their respective responses, so that only one excursion of 19S antibody is observed. The effect is not, however, symmetrical; the thymus independent antigen is dominant. Thus, whereas 7S antibody to S. adelaide produces the same negative feedback inhibition on the response to S. adelaide and the response to SRBC (when injected with adlaide), 7S antibody to SRBC inhibits only the response to SRBC and not the response to S. adelaide. These results are discussed relation to current hypotheses of antibody biosynthesis and mechanisms of adjuvant action. They are also discussed in relation to the function of the germinal centres of the spleen which may function to mediate the negative feedback of 7S antibody on the antibody response. PMID- 1132887 TI - Ultrastructural lesions induced in vitro in guinea-pig spermatozoa by a specific autoantibody (anti-T) and complement. AB - A quantitative ultrastructural study has been carried out on the lesions that are induced in vitro in guinea-pig spermatozoa by the action of auto-antispermatozoa antibodies and complement. The responsibility of three-independent autoantigen autoantibody systems (S, P and T) has been explored. The only anti-T antibody known to fix complement and to be spermotoxic (T is a membrane-linked autoantigen), caused significant and important lesions, the immunologically specific origin of which was demonstrated. These lesions began a few seconds after complement had been added. The cytoplasmic membrane is first involved, then the acrosomal membranes, and then the acrosomal contents are lysed. The remarkable rapidity of action of complement on the antibody-sensitized target is emphasized. A typical dose-effect curve is obtained with dilutions of anti-T immune sera. Non-C1-fixing anti-S as well as C1-fixing anti-P antibodies (P has been shown to be intra-acrosomal) do not provoke any significant lesions, even in the presence fo complement, as compared to normal and various controls. However, anti-P serum, when added to non-damaging dilutions of anti-T in the presence of complement, was able to provoke significant lesions in the acrosomes. The bearing of these findings on the mechanisms of in vivo lesions is discussed. PMID- 1132888 TI - Serum factors capable of opsonizing Shigella for phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. AB - Twenty-five Shigella strains were tested for their susceptibility to phagocytosis and killing by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). The studies identified several serum factors that could participate in opsonization. The strains varied remarkably in their susceptibility to killing when heat-stable opsonins were employed, but all strains were killed when exposed to heat-labile opsonins and PMN. The heat-stable opsonin was shown to be IgG, whereas IgM was ineffective in the absence of complement, and 11S IgA was never effective. Heat labile opsonization required immunoglobulin as well as complement, but IgM was the only immunoglobulin demonstrated to participate in this reaction. The alternative C3 activating pathway is required for efficient heat-labile opsonization of Shigella, but some opsonization also appeared to occur through the C1-C4-C2 pathway of C3 activation. PMID- 1132889 TI - A comparison of the isoelectrofocusing porperties of antibodies to DNP, DNP glycylglycylglycine and DNP-p-aminobenzoylglutamate. AB - The charge of heterogeneity of antibodies to DNP-glycylglycylglycine (DNP-Gly-3) and DNP-p-aminobenzoylglutamate (DNP-pABG) has been investigated using preparative liquid isoelectric focusing techniques. The focusing profiles of the two antibody preparations are qualitatively similar, each containing four or five major peaks. The results are also similar to the profiles obtained earlier for DNP antibodies. The binding properties of refocused fractions from the electro focusing separation of the two DNP-specific antibodies were investigated. Both the unfocused and refocused DNP-pABG antibody fractions were found to be functionally less heterogeneous than the corresponding DNP-Gly-3 fractions, suggesting that the site-filling capacity of the haptens contributed to the observed functional heterogeneity. A marked increase in K0 with increasing pI of the focused antibody fraction was observed for the DNP-pABG antibody preparation. A much smaller increase of K0 with pI was observed for DNP-Gly-3 antibodies and no observed change was found for DNP antibodies. These differences probably reflect the difference in the net charge on the three DNP hapten groups. The isoelectric focusing properties of the separated light and heavy chains from a DNP-antibody preparation and a DNP-pABG antibody preparation were also determined. The light chains in both instances focused as one or two major bands, while the profile of the heavy chain in both cases exhibited five to six major bands. These results are discussed in terms of the model proposed by Haselkorn, Friedman, Givol and Pecht (1974). PMID- 1132890 TI - Immune complexes in the spleen. The difference between competitive inhibition of immune complex trapping in spleen follicles and inhibition by paratyphoid vaccine. AB - Paratyphoid vaccine injected between 4 days and 3 hours before injection of labelled immune complexes (125-I-labelled BGG-anti-BGG), inhibits follicular trapping of these complexes in the mouse spleen. Inhibition is maximal when paratyphoid vaccine is given 1 day before, almost no label being found in the spleen follicles. No inhibition of follicular trapping of the complexes occurred when paratyphoid vaccine was injected simultaneously with the labelled immune complexes. Competitive inhibition was found when unlabelled immune complexes were given together with labelled immune complexes. Simultaneous injection of mice with paratyphoid vaccine and labelled immune complexes resulted in an additonal form of localization of the labelled immune complexes in the white pulp, heavily labelled clumps also appearing in the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths and follicles. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of immune complex trapping in spleen follicles. PMID- 1132891 TI - Liver-iron in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 1132892 TI - Serum fucose in the diagnosis of malignancy, and its relative merits. PMID- 1132893 TI - What is your diagnosis? PMID- 1132894 TI - Dermatophytosis in north karnataka. PMID- 1132895 TI - An analysis of 2000 cases of dermatomycoses. PMID- 1132896 TI - Icidence of filariasis in the industrial population of amritsar. PMID- 1132897 TI - Sebaceous lymphadenoma of the parotid region report of a case. PMID- 1132898 TI - Mycetoma caused by streptomyces somaliensis. PMID- 1132899 TI - Haemoglobin-m disease in a punjabi hindu family. PMID- 1132900 TI - Intracranial space occupying lesions an analysis of 142 cases. PMID- 1132901 TI - Community paediatrics-paediatric care for the millions. PMID- 1132902 TI - Consumption coagulopathy in a child with congenital cyanotic heart disease and its treatment with heparin. PMID- 1132903 TI - Congenital megalo-urethra with giantism of the penis. PMID- 1132904 TI - Acute intestinal obstruction due to gram seed. Report of a case. PMID- 1132905 TI - [Night and shift work of engine drivers. 3. Investigations on regulations about working hours (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132906 TI - Sampling and analysis of some aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated hydrocarbon vapours in air, a gas-liquid chromatographic and colorimetric method. PMID- 1132907 TI - Trichloro-compounds in the urine of humans exposed to methyl chloroform at sub threshold levels. PMID- 1132908 TI - A follow-up study of functional and radiological lung changes in carbon-black exposure. PMID- 1132909 TI - [Investigations on the extent of liver lesions in rats by experimental inhalation poisoning with carbon disulfide. I. Analysis of biochemical changes in the blood serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 1132910 TI - Effect of prednisolone on cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Demonstration of a short sensitive induction phase. AB - The effect of prednisolone on the kinetics of killing of Detroit-6 cells by rat lymphocytes has been studied utilizing the release of 51Cr as a measure of target cell death. The results show that in both killing by allergized lymphocytes, and killing of antibody coated target cells by normal lymphocytes, there is a short (less than 15 min) prednisolone-sensitive induction phase. Prednisolone has no effect on the reaction after this phase. The inhibition of induction by prednisolone appears to have two mechanisms. The first occurs rapidly following the addition of the drug to the cells, and must involve a primary action of prednisolone. Washing the cells free of prednisolone allows initiation, and killing can proceed almost normally, but if these washed cells are preincubated before mixing with target cells, then a secondary inhibition of induction develops progressively. PMID- 1132911 TI - Inhibition of xenogeneic cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the rat by antiglobulin sera. AB - Differences can be demonstrated between the lysis of xenogeneic target cells by lymphocytes of injected rats, which is inhibited by antiglobulin serum, and the lysis of antibody-coated xenogeneic target cells by normal rat lymphoid cells, which is much less readily inhibited. This difference is demonstrated by the dilution of antiglobulin which is effective, and by the fact that inhibition of lysis produced by allergic lymphocytes can be shown if the lymphocytes are treated with antiglobulin and then washed. Differences can also be shown in the time course of inhibition, since to be effective antiglobulin must be present at the time of mixing normal lymphocytes and antibody-coated target cells, whereas addition of antiglobulin to allergized lymphocytes 4 h ater mixing with target cells still produces significant inhibition. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that allergic lymphocytes have immunoglobulin on their surfaces and kill by a different mechanism from the lymphoid cells which lyse antibody coated target cells. PMID- 1132912 TI - Quantity and avidity of antibodies against birch pollen in atopic patients during hyposensitization. A preliminary study. AB - The degree and strength of the binding of radioactively labelled allergen by antibodies in the sera of birch pollen-sensitive individuals was studied during the course of hyposensitization with alun-precipitated aqueous-pyridine extracted birch pollen antigens using the ammonium-sulphate precipitation technique originally described by FARR. The allergen binding was measured before and after absorption of the sera with anti-human IgE antibodies conjugated to Sepharose. It was noted that IgE antibodies of low avidity caused clinical sensitivity as well as IgE antibodies of higher avidity. The nasal sensitivity to birch pollen allergen of six of the seven patients studied significantly decreased by the treatment without any quite uniform change of serum-binding capacity for the allergen. Thus the clinical improvement was accompanied either by disappearance of the specific IgE antibodies, concomitant with formation of antigen-binding non IgE antibodies, or by increased formation of IgE antibodies with very slight contribution by non-IgE antibodies to the totally increased antigen-binding efficiency. It is felt that the serological antibody changes may not reflect the most relevant immunological events during successful hyposensitization therapy. PMID- 1132913 TI - Hypnotic treatment for migraine headaches. PMID- 1132914 TI - Hypnosis and biofeedback in the treatment of migraine headache. PMID- 1132915 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility in old age: some data from residential homes for old people. PMID- 1132916 TI - Modifying hypnotic performance by means of brief sensory experiences. PMID- 1132917 TI - Evoked potentials and selective attention in subjects capable of hypnotic analgesia. PMID- 1132918 TI - Current trends in group psychotherapy. PMID- 1132919 TI - Some problems of research in group psychotherapy. PMID- 1132920 TI - Group psychotherapy research 25 years later. PMID- 1132921 TI - There and then and here and now. PMID- 1132922 TI - Some personal observations. PMID- 1132923 TI - Greetings. PMID- 1132924 TI - Greetings and reflections. PMID- 1132925 TI - The personalities of group leaders: implications for selection and training. PMID- 1132926 TI - Dynamisms in activity discussion group therapy (ADGT). PMID- 1132927 TI - Adlerian group psychotherapy. PMID- 1132928 TI - Some contributions of ethology to group therapy: dominance and hierarchies. PMID- 1132929 TI - Basal cell epithelioma: treat on sight. PMID- 1132930 TI - Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis. AB - Nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis (Hoffman-Zurhelle) is a distinct clinical entity. A case is reported in which the lesions were large, appeared early in childhood and were linear in distribution along the natal cleft. PMID- 1132931 TI - Self-assessment mini-program. PMID- 1132932 TI - Therapeutic studies with 5-fluorocytosine in chromoblastomycosis. PMID- 1132933 TI - The practical side of hearing conservation. PMID- 1132935 TI - What really causes accidents. PMID- 1132934 TI - PVC fabrication can be a health hazard, too. PMID- 1132936 TI - A 'good' place to have heart attack. PMID- 1132937 TI - Loss control: incomplete without industrial hygiene. PMID- 1132938 TI - Management of the team function. PMID- 1132939 TI - Editorial: How the oculomotor system repairs itself. PMID- 1132940 TI - Quantitative guidelines for exotropia surgery. AB - The effect of numerous preoperative variables on the amount of surgical correction attained was assessed in a population of intermittent exotropic patients; 54 had bilateral recession surgery, 48 had recess resect surgery. By appropriate multivariate statistical analyses, about 95 per cent of the variance in results of surgery (expressed as change in deviation from preoperative to the postoperative time in prism diopters per millimeter of surgical correction) could be accounted for. A workable scheme for utilizing this data base to guide future surgery is presented in the form of quantitative formulae. In addition to this empirical derivation, insights are provided into the mechanics of ocular muscle operations and the maturation of the eye as it affects strabismus sergery. Expansion of this approach to a wider ranger of cases and to additional types of cases should result in a greater descriptive and surgical accuracy from strabismus surgery. PMID- 1132941 TI - Observation of protein diffusivity in intact human and bovine lenses with application to cataract. AB - Using the technique of optical mixing spectroscopy, we have observed the Brownian movement and measured the diffusivity of proteins within whole, intact human and bovine lenses. The magnitude and the temperature dependence of the protein diffusivity in bovine and normal human lenses implies that cold cataract is the result of a first-order phase separation of the protein-water mixture in the lens. The magnitude of the diffusivity of proteins within cataractous human lenses indicates the presence of large aggregates of proteins. PMID- 1132942 TI - Most naturally occurring human saccades have magnitudes of 15 degrees or less. PMID- 1132943 TI - Ciliary ganglion stimulation. II. Neurogenic, intraocular pathway for excitatory effects on aqueous humor production and outflow. AB - Data obtained suggest that preganglionic stimulation of the ciliary ganglion produces an increase of aqueous humor formation and of facility of outflow "C" through the following neurogenic pathway: (1) the preganglionic fibers synapse in the ciliary ganglion as evidenced by depression of the response with nicotine applied topically to the ganglion. (2) The impulse proceeds to the equivalent of an intraocular interneuron which can be blocked by low concentrations of atropine and has been previously identified as being an E-2 receptor site. (3) From the interneuron, activity is ultimately exerted without further synapse on alpha adrenergic receptors through the release of norepinephrine from the neuronal terminals. The adrenergic mechanism of action is supported by the inhibition of the responses by phenoxybenzamine, bretylium, and guanethidine. Constriction of efferent ciliary process blood vessels by neuron-released norepinephrine seems to be the end effect responsible for the increased production of aqueous humor. The site of the end response to increase "C" is unclear. PMID- 1132944 TI - Optic nerve circulation and ocular pressure: contribution of central retinal artery and short posterior ciliary arteries and the effect on oxygen tension. AB - Blood-flow rate in the optic nerve of the rhesus monkey 4 mm. behind the globe monitored by the heated thermocouple and tissue p02 measurement is found to be influenced by ocular pressure level. Ligation of central retinal artery reduced flow rate to 79 per cent of normal but did not influence the effect of IOP on blood-flow rate. Ligation of short posterior ciliary arteries reduced blood-flow rate to 21 per cent of normal and virtually eliminated the IOP effect. Raising IOP to above systolic arterial pressure level reduced blood-flow rate to 17 per cent of normal. At IOP levels greater than 50 mm. Hg, the reduction in blood-flow rate and in Po becomes marked and may be sufficient to produce primary lesions at this site. PMID- 1132945 TI - A spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of lysozyme in human tears: description and evaluation of the method and screening of 60 healthy subjects. AB - A spectrophotometric micromethod for lysozyme determination in tears is described, which enables the estimation of very low concentrations of lysozyme in individual tear samples, and which can be performed rapidly. The method is based on collecting the tears by a microcapillary tube and diluting them in a special manner which increases the volume of the tear sample, thus making possible analysis of other tear constituents in addition to lysozyme. Lysozyme activity in tears is determined by reduction of optical density (OD) of Micrococcus lysodeikticus suspension. The sensitivity of the method was determined on the basis of repetitive readings. The level of lysozyme in tears of 60 healthy people was determined by this method and found to be 6.1 mg. per milliliter hen egg lysozyme (HEL) with standard deviation of 1.57 mg. per milliliter HEL or 1.5 mg. per milliliter human tear lysozyme (HTL) with standard deviation of 0.39 HTL. Lysozyme level in tears of both eyes of each individual is equal, and any difference observed between the two eyes is due to the variability of the method. PMID- 1132946 TI - Full-thickness eye wall biopsy. I. An experimental approach to the tissue diagnosis and study of choroidal and retinal lesions. AB - A surgical approach to full-thickness eye wall biopsy is proposed as a method that may be applied to poorly understood diseases of the retina and choroid. An eye basket is sutured to the eye for stabilization, and two trephines mark an area to which diathermy is applied until penetration is achieved. The specimen is removed with fine forceps and scissors. A scleral homograft closes the defect. In ten rabbits, no eyes were lost and all ten retinas were intact. All biopsy specimens were suitable for histologic study. PMID- 1132947 TI - Excitation and emission spectra of fluorescein dye in the human ocular fundus. AB - The excitation and emission spectra of fluorescein dye were determined during angiography from different sites in the human ocular fundus. All spectra were markedly shifted toward longer wavelengths relative to the spectra of fluorescein in aqueous solution. This effect is most pronounced for the macular area; however, it decreases for the choroidal background and even more for the retinal vessels. The results are relevant to the selection of optical filter combinations for fluorescein angiography. PMID- 1132948 TI - Localization of radioactive lead in ocular and skin melanoma. AB - The ability of radioactive lead to localize melanomas was studied. The Greene melanoma in the Syrian Golden hamster served as a model for both skin and ocular melanoma. The affinity of heavy metals for neoplasms has been studied but previous reports have been inconsistent as to tumor specificity. For this investigation the radioactive lead (203-Pb,) was studied as the chemical complex 203-Pb-Tris. Significant tumor:nontumor ratios were found in ocular melanoma and the concentration in the lens was minimal. The ratio of per cent uptake per gram of tumor: per cent uptake per gram in control tissue with skin melanoma was 9.4 at 24 hours and for the eye melanoma the ratio was 26.3 at 24 hours. The affinity of 203-Pb-Tris for melanomas appears to be as promising as other compounds presently being evaluated for ocular scintigraphy, namely, labeled quinoline analogs. Therefore, further preclinical evaluation is warranted. PMID- 1132949 TI - The effect of metoclopramide on the contraction of the human gallbladder. AB - In a double blind study 45 patients were given either an i.v. injection of 20 mg Primperan (20 mg metoclopramide, Lundbeck, n = 15), 20 mg Metopram (20 mg metoclopramide, Leiras, n = 15) or a corresponding amount of physiological saline (n = 15) and the effect of metoclopramide on the human gallbladder was studied in x-ray examination of gallbladder. The gallstones do not appear to be a contraindication for the clinical use of metoclopramide as an antiemetic drug. No contraction of the gallbladder was demonstrated, even though metoclopramide has been shown to contact intestinal smooth muscle. Primperan caused more side effects than Metopram. Sedation seems to be the most common side effect of metoclopramide. PMID- 1132950 TI - Vascular alterations in canine histiocytic ulcerative colitis. AB - The large intestines of eight boxer dogs with canine histiocytic ulcerative colitis (CHUC) and 10 normal dogs were studied by in vivo angiography and postmortem microangiography. The vascular abnormalities were correlated with the gross and histologic pathology found at necropsy. The angiographic abnormalities were variable, non-specific and were gross indicators of disease. Intestinal segments with mild, focal inflammatory lesions appeared normal, while diseased segments with more extensive inflammatory change exhibited variable vascular dilatation and hypervascularity. Microangiograms of bowel specimens with an early mucosal lesion were normal. With increased disease severity, there was microvascular dilatation with attenuation of mucosal arterioles. Areas with focal or confluent ulcerations demonstrated complete disruption of the mucosal microvascular bed and replacement with the chaotic tangle of ectatic vessels, characteristic of granulation tissue. Anatomic arteriovenous shunts were not observed. PMID- 1132951 TI - Addition of calcium or other cations and of oxygen to ionic and non-ionic contrast media. Effects on cardiac function during coronary arteriography. AB - Metrizamide is a new non-ionic water soluble contrast agent. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with solutions of 1) metrizamide, 2) metrizamide with plasma equivalent amounts of cations, 3) oxygenated metrizamide, 4) oxygenated metrizamide with cations, 5) diatrizoate. Solutions of 1) metrizamide, 2) metrizamide with plasmaequivalent amounts of cations, 3) metrizamide with calcium ions, 4) metrizoate (ionic medium) with calcium ions, metrizoate with 5) low and 6) high sodium content and 7) diatrizoate were injected into the left coronary artery of dog hearts in vivo. Maximal change of myocardial contractile force was measured with a strain gauge arch. Changes in aortic blood pressures were also recorded. In both sets of experiments metrizamede affected these parameters less than the ionic contrast media. The addition of calcium ions to both ionic and non-ionic media reduced the adverse effects on the observed cardiac funcitons, while simultaneous addition of plasma equivalent amounts of four cations as metrizoate salts had no beneficial effects. Sodium ions had in high concentration deleterious effects on cardiac performance. Oxygen saturation of the contrast medium had no observable effect. The adverse effects on cardiac mechanical function of sodium ions and possibly other cations contained in a contrast medium solution might be counterbalanced by the addition of calcium ions to the solution. PMID- 1132952 TI - Ultrasonic pulmonary Densitometry: preliminary studies. AB - The feasibility of using A-mode ultrasound to measure lung density changes was tested in two studies. (A) Wet sponges were used as experimental analogs of the lung. The sponges were weighed. A-mode recordings were obtained by placing the transducer face against a sheet of film in contact with each sponge. Ultrasound penetration increased directly with increasing water content. The range of densities studied corresponds with that which occurs in normal and edematous human lungs. In a second study (B), the depth of ultrasound penetration into 3 postmortem human lungs was measured at increasing levels of inflation by positive intrabronchial pressure. Ultrasound penetration decreased approximately logarithmically with increasing inflation pressure. These relationships indicate a potential application of ultrasound to pulmonary densitometry. This could provide a noninvasive means for clinical estimation of changes in lung water, without the use of ionizing radiation. PMID- 1132953 TI - The role of calcium and fluoride in osteoporosis in rhesus monkeys. AB - Twenty-two female Rhesus monkeys were fed purified diets varying in calcium and fluoride content for five years and studied, using radiographic, photon absorptiometric and histologic techniques. The results suggested that: 1) the addition of fluoride (50 ppm) to a diet containing 1 per cent calcium resulted in a reduction in bone growth rate and resorption, without affecting bone size or density nor resulting in fluorosis; 2) a diet containing 0.15 per cent calcium resulted in osteoporosis due to an increase in bone resorption; and 3) fluoride added to a similar low calcium diet prevented osteroporosis by reducing bone growth rate and resorption resulting in bones with normal density, but at the same time fluoride interfered with mineralization of osteoid leading to osteomalacia. PMID- 1132954 TI - Effect of cold exposure of the rabbit on the subsequent performance of its isolated ear artery with respect to temperature. PMID- 1132955 TI - The response of renal cortical adenine nucleotides to different flush-out solutions. PMID- 1132956 TI - Details of a rotor system for investigating platelet aggregation in whole blood. PMID- 1132957 TI - Case report. Parathyroid function in a case of the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. PMID- 1132958 TI - New casualty attenders at a Dublin hospital. PMID- 1132959 TI - Hirschsprung's disease. A review, a report, a reminder. PMID- 1132960 TI - The diagnosis and management of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 1132961 TI - Pulmonary embolism and maternal mortality 1966-1973. PMID- 1132962 TI - Vaginal cytology in the management of pregnancy. PMID- 1132963 TI - Casualty departments in Dublin. PMID- 1132964 TI - The treatment of prisoners. PMID- 1132965 TI - Irish ship's doctor found liable for malpractice suit under New York law. PMID- 1132966 TI - Early diagnosis of coeliac disease. PMID- 1132967 TI - Urolithiasis in Irish children. PMID- 1132968 TI - Diagnostic paracentesis in the acute abdomen. PMID- 1132969 TI - Computers and privacy. The medical records case. PMID- 1132970 TI - The protective value of BCG vaccination against genito-urinary tuberculosis. PMID- 1132971 TI - Milk-alkali syndrome presenting as arterial hypertension. PMID- 1132972 TI - An evaluation of the intradermal test as evidence of previous infestation with T. spiralis. PMID- 1132973 TI - Obesity and anorexia nervosa. A study of growth hormone release. PMID- 1132974 TI - Privacy. PMID- 1132975 TI - A national health program: organizing diversity. PMID- 1132976 TI - Of morals, markets, and medicine. PMID- 1132977 TI - Reflections on the Detroit psychosurgery case. Why we should keep prisoners from the doctors. PMID- 1132978 TI - Efficiency, equity, and the clinical approach to offenders. Putting "treatment" on trial. PMID- 1132980 TI - Letter: A physician on ethics. PMID- 1132979 TI - "Participation is voluntary". PMID- 1132981 TI - "Ain't nobody gonna cut on my head!". PMID- 1132982 TI - "Primate"-sensationalism for subtlety. PMID- 1132983 TI - Letter: Population control. PMID- 1132984 TI - Letter: The Dalkan issue. PMID- 1132985 TI - Primate and the scientific ethos. Can some knowledge simply cost too much? PMID- 1132986 TI - "Equus"-a psychiatrist questions his priestly powers. PMID- 1132987 TI - "Headache rounds": post carotid-endarterectomy "hemicrania". PMID- 1132988 TI - "Complicated migraine" its association with increased platelet aggregability and abnormal plasma coagulation factors. PMID- 1132989 TI - The relationship of headache frequency to hormone use in migraine. PMID- 1132990 TI - Evaluation of the relationship between migraine headache and depression. PMID- 1132991 TI - Studies in nocturnal migraine. PMID- 1132992 TI - Operant therapy for headaches. PMID- 1132993 TI - Migraine and the limbic system. PMID- 1132994 TI - Pharmocodynamic principles of anti-migraine therapy. PMID- 1132995 TI - Raeder's syndrome: a case with maxillary sinusitis. PMID- 1132996 TI - Health attitudes and practices in Arkansas. PMID- 1132997 TI - Rural initiatives and health education needs. PMID- 1132998 TI - Cooperative rural health education. The road ahead - challenges for cooperative action. PMID- 1132999 TI - The role of the AMA's council on rural health in rural health development. PMID- 1133000 TI - A framework for the study of the role of Cooperative Extension Service in the health field. PMID- 1133001 TI - Cooperative rural health education: Foreward. PMID- 1133002 TI - New thrust for the Cooperative Extension Service. PMID- 1133003 TI - Cooperative rural health education. Potentials for interstate, interagency cooperation. PMID- 1133004 TI - Hypertension screening through Extension Home Economics: a case study. PMID- 1133005 TI - Health education by satellite. PMID- 1133006 TI - Rural health education - an idea whose time has come. PMID- 1133007 TI - Expanding the role of a university in consumer health education. PMID- 1133008 TI - The point of diminishing returns in nutrition education through home visits by aides: an evaluation of EFNEP. AB - This three-year evaluation of field work with poor, rural homemakers by nutrition aides employed by the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) of the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service is based on successive annual interviews with 93 homemakers and a control group of 58 designated friends. The results suggest various points of diminishing returns beyond which behavioral and attitudinal changes brought about by the specific educational strategies are too small to justify continued visits to a homemaker. To sustain cost-effective home visits after the first year, more emphasis must be placed on reinforcement of first-year gains, and on expanding the scope of nutrition education to include more health education of other kinds. PMID- 1133009 TI - Health education spans outreach clinics: a concept to consider. PMID- 1133010 TI - [A new artificial intestinal sphincter. Experimental study in dogs]. PMID- 1133011 TI - [Production of stabile, non dislocable invagination valve of the intestine. Animal experiment study]. PMID- 1133012 TI - [Ring dosimetry in surgery]. PMID- 1133013 TI - [Continent colostomy in dogs]. PMID- 1133014 TI - [Experimental studies on electrohydraulic crushing of stones in the ductus choledochus]. PMID- 1133015 TI - [Active transport in the small intestin in dogs after acute occlusion]. PMID- 1133016 TI - [Late results after arterial injuries in the forearm]. PMID- 1133017 TI - [Complications of bloodlessness and blood pooling (temporary interruption in circulation) in surgery of the extremities]. PMID- 1133018 TI - [Surgical preparation planning of hemodialysis candidates]. AB - An early beginning of chronic hemodialysis is postulated to prevent dangerous uremic complications. Subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulas or autologous saphenous vein grafts in cases where multiple attempts to create a sufficiently functioning arteriovenous fistula have failed turned out to be the best procedures to obtain a suitable access to the blood vessels. The problems arising on a total of 57 patients to get an adequate blood flow by the time of first hemodialysis are discussed. PMID- 1133019 TI - [Rapid in vitro determination of cellular immunity with 51cr labelled macrophages]. PMID- 1133020 TI - [Covered drill thread osteosynthesis, a simple method for treatment of dislocated supracondylar humerus fractures among children]. PMID- 1133021 TI - [Peripheral facial paralysis as asymmetry problem]. PMID- 1133022 TI - [Plastic surgery of the leprous face]. PMID- 1133023 TI - [Surgical treatment of ulcus cruris venosum]. PMID- 1133024 TI - [Plastic surgery in benign mastopathy]. PMID- 1133025 TI - [Staging laparotomy in malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 1133026 TI - [The meaning of serum gastrin analysis for functional ulcer surgery]. PMID- 1133027 TI - [Stomach secretion studies in 40 patients with selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 1133028 TI - [Fracture healing with bandage osteosynthesis with the use of autologous joint transplants]. PMID- 1133029 TI - [Study concerning the development of 185 operated hiatal hernias]. PMID- 1133030 TI - [Localized recurrent chronic pancreatitis of conolor origin]. PMID- 1133031 TI - [Mesenteric fibromatosis]. PMID- 1133032 TI - [Does a local postoperative infection improve the prognosis in colonic carcinoma]. PMID- 1133033 TI - [Behct's disease and toxic megacolon]. PMID- 1133034 TI - [Experiences with continent ileostomy in Kanton hospital in Zurich]. PMID- 1133035 TI - [Wrong diagnosis in crohn's disease with cecal carcinoma in youth]. PMID- 1133036 TI - [Necrosing enterocolitis. apropos of an associate case of agranulocytosis]. PMID- 1133037 TI - [Experiences with endoscopy of the samll intestine]. PMID- 1133038 TI - [Fresh fibular band rupture]. PMID- 1133039 TI - [Gracilis plastic surgery using Pickrell's technic]. PMID- 1133040 TI - [Observations on surgical technic in inguinal femoral hernia according to McVay]. AB - The technique of the operation first published by MCVAY in 1949 for the treatment of the inguinal and fermoral hernia is briefly described and its advantages, compared with the method of BASSINI, are discussed. The essential factor consists in the use of the fascia transversa abdominis which is sewn on to the ligament of Cooper instead of attaching the musculus obliquus externus to the ligamentum inguinale. The operation demands an accurate knowledge of all the anatomical structures concerned and a strict observance of the technique described. PMID- 1133042 TI - [Mesenterico-caval Dacron interposition shunt. An alternative in the treatment of portal hypertension]. PMID- 1133041 TI - [Complications of surgery in cirrhosis]. AB - Extraabdominal operations are relatively well tolerated by the cirrhotic patient. However abdominal and thoracic surgery are followed by a very high morbidity and a mortality reaching 50% in these patients. Aggravating factors such as a decompensated cirrhosis and an alcoholic or viral hepatitis bear a catastrophic prognosis. The decision to perform surgery should as much as possible imply a knowledge of the histological nature of the cirrhosis and an intensive pre operative preparation of the patient particularly in the respiratory and cardiac field. PMID- 1133043 TI - [Our experiences with the distal splenorenal shunt]. PMID- 1133046 TI - [Granulomatous tumors or pseudo Hodgkinism in the thymus gland]. PMID- 1133045 TI - [Open pulmonary biopsy]. PMID- 1133044 TI - [Follow-up study of 50 operated fractures of the tibial head]. PMID- 1133047 TI - [Treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts. Apropos of 455 operated cysts]. PMID- 1133048 TI - [Surgery of aortic valvulopathies]. AB - 75 patients were operated for isolated aortic congenital or acquired valvulopathies (46 men, 25 women and 4 children). 8 patients were reoperated because of functional defects of the artificial valve or paravalvular dehiscence. 3 children from 3 to 10 years of age underwent aortic valvular commissurotomy. The other patients had aortic valve replacement by an artificial valve. Two types of valves were used. In the beginning, we employed the Starr-Edwards valves, models 1200, 2300, 2310 and 2320. Since July 1971, we are using the Bjork-Shiley valve. Less pressure gradient across the valve and less hemolysis with Bjork Shiley valve are two important factors in favoring its use. Our hospital mortality has been 5.3% and late mortality also 5.3%. Clinical improvement is observed among 80% of patients in follow-up controls. PMID- 1133049 TI - [Biomecanical stability and posttraumatic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 1133050 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of heart contusion]. PMID- 1133051 TI - [Bone formation in the meniscus]. PMID- 1133052 TI - [Trochanter fixation using the kuntscher technic]. PMID- 1133053 TI - [Roentgenologic late complications after femur head prosthesis and their treatment]. PMID- 1133054 TI - [Clinical and biomechanical problems with total hip endoprosthesis]. PMID- 1133055 TI - [Surgical repair of hydrocele testis by Lord's method]. PMID- 1133056 TI - [100 prostatectomies without a ureteral catheter]. PMID- 1133057 TI - [Renal contusions]. PMID- 1133058 TI - [Strain stable fracture treatment on the proximale femur in elderly patients]. PMID- 1133059 TI - [Phaeochromocytoma. Early and late results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 1133060 TI - [Risk of recurrence in goiterectomy and thyroidectomy]. PMID- 1133061 TI - [Biochemical interactions in fatty liver]. PMID- 1133062 TI - [Physical current studies in Redon-Saug drainage]. PMID- 1133063 TI - [Erythrocyte sediments as a volume substitute in surgery]. PMID- 1133064 TI - Letter: toxicity of flea collars. PMID- 1133065 TI - Barking dogs as an environmental problem. AB - The levels of noise from barking dogs in and near representative veterinary hospitals were measured and evaluated to determine their effects on practicing veterinarians, their staffs, clients, and neighbors. Special design criteria to minimize noise levels within the hospitals and dog confinement areas, and to prevent noise travel to other parts of the establishments and to surrounding neighborhoods, were an important element of the study. PMID- 1133066 TI - Left ventricular angiocardiography in congenital mitral valve insufficiency of the dog. PMID- 1133067 TI - Evaluation of four techniques of cervical spinal fixation in dogs. AB - Four surgical techniques for immobilizing unstable cervical vertebrae were evaluated. These techniques included: (1) placing screws bilaterally through the articular processes, (2) placing wires bilaterally through the articular processes, (3) placing a bone screw through vertebral bodies, and (4) placing a bone plate on the ventral surface of adjacent vertebral bodies. Each technique was found to have certain advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 1133068 TI - Idiopathic hyperlipoproteinemia in dogs. AB - Six dogs with hyperlipoproteinemia of undetermined cause had increased serum concentrations of lower density lipoprotein classes, as detected by lipid measurements and lipoprotein electrophoresis. Five of the dogs were Miniature Schnauzers and 1 was of mixed breeding. Signs of disease included abdominal distress (2 dogs), abdominal distress and seizures (2 dogs), and weizures (1 dog). One dog was clinically normal. Feeding of a low-fat diet resulted in alterations of lipoprotein distribution and serum lipid content. In 2 dogs, intravenous (IV) administration of heparin caused shifing of the lipoprotein electrophoretic pattern, indicating activated lipoprotein lipase. These clinical and laboratory findings suggested a syndrome caused by an inherited defect in lipid metabolism. PMID- 1133069 TI - Iatrogenic esophageal stricture in the dog. PMID- 1133070 TI - Anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a dog. PMID- 1133071 TI - Hyperammonemia due to a urea cycle enzyme deficiency in two dogs. AB - Hyperammonemia in 2 dogs was associated with a deficiency of arginosuccinate synthetase, one of the enzymes of the urea cycle. The usual criteria for evaluation of hepatic function were normal. PMID- 1133072 TI - Letter: canine hip dysplasia problem. PMID- 1133073 TI - Toxic materials and neurologic disease in cattle. PMID- 1133074 TI - Rectal and vaginal constriction in Jersey cattle. AB - Three Jersey herds had a total of 14 cows with constriction of the anorectal area and of the vagina. Maternal and paternal lines of all affected cows were traced to a common ancestor. PMID- 1133075 TI - Sarcoptes scabei bovis--a potential danger. PMID- 1133076 TI - Polioencephalomalacia in feedlot lambs. PMID- 1133077 TI - Transport tetany of feedlot lambs. PMID- 1133078 TI - Survival of certain pathogenic organisms in swine lagoon effluent. AB - Six pigs from a closed herd with no evidence or history of salmonellosis or swine dysentery were fed effluent from an anaerobic lagoon on a farm where salmonellosis and swine dysentery were enzootic. Salmonella saint-paul was isolated from the effluent and fromthe feces and certain tissues of the pigs. Clinical signs typical of swine dysentery and enteric shedding of large numbers of spirochetes with the characteristics of Treponema hyodysenteriae were noted in 5 of the 6 pigs. PMID- 1133079 TI - The veterinarian: mercenary, Saint Francis--or humanist? PMID- 1133080 TI - License revocation and suspension rights and defenses. PMID- 1133081 TI - The effect of starvation and refeeding on cell population kinetics in the rat small bowel mucosa. AB - Male rats were starved for a period of 96 hours. Measurements of crypt cell population showed a small reduction during starvation. The growth fraction remained constant, but the total number of proliferating cells per crypt fell as a consequence of the reduction in crypt population. Both labelling and mitotic indices fell throughout the starvation period. The cell cycle time (Tc), measured by a stathmokinetic technique using vincristine, was increased from 10-4 hours in control rats to 14-7 hours after 96 hours' starvation. Upon refeeding, the proliferative indices were observed to rise. After a small initial fluctuation, the growth fraction remained constant. The crypt population remained substantially unchanged. Sixteen hours after refeeding, the cell cycle time was reduced to 6-5 hours. The hypoproliferative response to starvation is mediated solely by an increase in cell cycle time, and the response to refeeding is interpreted in terms of a reduction in Tc. Changes in the size of the proliferating population are considered not to play an important role in either response, although it is not possible to exclude entirely the presence of resting cells in the proliferative compartment itself. PMID- 1133082 TI - Observations on the submucous plexus and mucosal arteries of the dog's stomach and first part of the duodenum. AB - Arteriolar patterns of the submucous plexus were studied in all areas of the dog's stomach and in the first inch of the duodenum. There appeared to be no poverty of plexus, although in some cases the vessels were somewhat smaller in the pyloric part of the lesser curvature than elsewhere. Mucosal arteries arose from the plexus, and none appeared to have an extramural origin. In man, on the other hand, there is a poverty of the submucous plexus in the 'ulcer region', i.e. in the incisural region of the lesser curvature and in the first inch of the duodenum, associated in some cases with mucosal end arteries of extramural origin. The absence of these features in the dog, which does not suffer from spontaneous chronic ulceration, lends further support to the view that they play a role in the aetiology of the disease in man. PMID- 1133083 TI - Studies of oogenesis and follicular development in the golden hamster. 2. Initiation and control of meiosis in vitro. AB - The onset of meiotic prophase in the hamster occurs after birth and therefore it is possible to obtain ovaries which are at a relatively early stage of differentiation. Ovaries were maintained in vitro where the factors which might influence the onset of meiotic prophase could be studied in isolation. It was found that if ovaries were explanted prior to day 15 p.c. meiotic prophase began, but was subsequently blocked at the leptotene stage: the remaining oogonia and the oocytes at leptotene degenerated around day 5 p.p. By day 7 p.p. the few remaining oocytes were found at an abnormal stage which resembled leptotene. The addition of gonadotrophic hormones or maternal serum to the culture medium had no effect on the initiation of meiosis, neither had culture with the intact oviduct. By contrast, removal of the ovaries on or after the 15th day of gestation permitted meiotic prophase to proceed normally and oocytes at the diplotene stage were observed in the explants 8 days later. Culture of ovaries removed before day 15 p.c. resulted in abnormal development of the ovarian stroma: only when ovaries were explanted on day 15 or after was the development of 'nests' of oocytes normal. The evidence for endocrine control of oogenesis is discussed in the light of work on intersex animals and artificial chimaeras. These studies strongly suggest that oogonia enter meiosis spontaneously at the time which is specific for the species. PMID- 1133084 TI - Studies of oogenesis and follicular development in the golden hamster. 3. The initiation of follicular growth in vitro. AB - Ovaries derived from hamsters on day 5 p.p. were maintained in organ culture for 15 days. It was found that the process of follicular growth was severely retarded in organ cultures devoid of gonadotrophic hormones. The addition of FSH and LH resulted in a partial improvement in follicular development, a result which supports the view that gonadotrophic hormones are important in the early development of the ovary. PMID- 1133085 TI - Observations on the three-dimensional structure of the nucleolar channel system of the human endometrial glandular cell. AB - Nucleolar channel systems from human endometrial glandular cells have been subjected to three-dimensional analysis using a goniometer stage. The results are compatible with a secondary helical conformation of the constituent tubules and this idea has been incorporated into an improved model of the channel system. PMID- 1133086 TI - Abnormalities in Schwann cell sheaths in spinal nerve roots of dystrophic mice. AB - Dorsal and ventral spinal roots at cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral levels in dystrophic, dy/dy, mice of both 129/ReJ and C57Bl/6J phenotypes showed a complete lack of Schwann cell sheaths of any sort around the majority of their nerve fibres. This condition, termed amyelination, is more extensive (up to 1-5 cm in length) in the longer lumbar and sacral roots than in the shorter roots or in the proximal regions of the sciatic nerve which are also affected to some extent. Amyelination does not appear to be a consequence of myelin or Schwann cell degeneration, as debris is uncommon. Heterozygous carriers are not affected in any obvious way. Myelinated fibres, with Schwann cells of peripheral origin, occur immediately adjacent to the spinal cord in both dorsal and ventral roots, while in dorsal roots unmyelinated fibres also occur, as in normal animals. Amyelinated fibres begin to appear a few internodal lengths away from the cord and are present until near, or within, the dorsal root ganglion, where they become myelinated again. The portion of an axon which has no myelin begins at a normal appearing paranodal region (termed a half node of Ranvier) at the end of a myelin internode. Resumption of myelination likewise begins at a half node. A few myelinated axons may be seen in any given cross section of a root, but as a rule a given myelinated fibre does not remain myelinated throughout the whole length of the root. It is suggested that the nerve lesions develop where the nerves are lengthening rapidly as the animal grows and changes its shape. How these nerve changes release to those in muscle is conjectural. PMID- 1133087 TI - The development of nephrocalcinosis in the rat following injections of neutral sodium phosphate. AB - The development of nephrocalcinosis in the rat following intraperitoneal injections of various concentrations of neutral sodium phosphate (pH 7-4) was studied using histology, histochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative techniques. Daily injections of 0-5 M phosphate consistently produced nephrocalcinosis after 6 days or more. Calcium deposits were at first confined to the basement membranes of proximal tubules; but a longer course of injections, up to 10 days, resulted in additional basement membrane calcification in the outer cortes, and outer medulla, together with intra-luminal casts, often calcified, in the outer medulla and papilla. Calcification was not found in other organs such as liver, lung, heart or aorta. Results from quantitative estimations of total kidney calcium and phosphorus suggested that it was the calcium content which was important to the initiation of nephrocalcinosis. Ultrastructural changes, suggestive of degeneration or alteration in function, were found in mitochondria of proximal tubules in experimental animals before the onset of histologically evident nephrocalcinosis. Later changes, especially to the basal part of proximal tubular cells and their basal laminae, were thought to be consequent upon the mitochondrial changes. It is suggested that the initial renal damage was caused both directly, by a toxic effect of the phosphate load on the kidney and, indirectly, by stimulation of the parathyroid glands as a result of the hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia which followed an injection of phosphate. Daily doses of 1 M phosphate for 3 days produced a type of nephrocalcinosis which was more typical of that reported by previous investigators, who used high doses of phosphate. Twice daily injections of 0-25 M phosphate for 6 days did not induce nephrocalcinosis, whereas 0-375 M phosphate given twice daily for 6 days produced only minimal calcium deposits compared with animals given 0-5 M phosphate once daily for the same period. This may have important clinical implications, since phosphate has been used to control hypercalcaemia of various etiologies. PMID- 1133088 TI - On the relationship between tetracycline and the incremental lines in dentine. AB - Ground and decalcified sections of human, goat and pig teeth were examined using polarized and ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, microradiography and electron microscopy. The experimental animals were given doses of tetracycline within the range 3-150 mg/kg. After the low doses there was no evidence of any disturbance of mineralization or of structural organization in either the goat or the pig. After the higher doses, however, the tetracycline lines usually corresponded with a disturbance of structural organization and often with a disturbance of mineralization as well. In the human cases, the tetracycline lines sometimes corresponded with a disturbance of mineralization or of structural organization. However, our evidence suggests that the disturbances in the structure or mineralization of the dentine in the human subjects were not caused by the tetracycline. It was concluded that, provided the dose is kept low (3-31 mg/kg) tetracycline can be used as a reliable non-toxic marker in growth studies and is also used in the study of mineral deposition. PMID- 1133089 TI - On the configuration of incremental lines in human dentine as revealed by tetracycline labelling. AB - The pattern of tetracycline labelling in dentine was investigated in ground sections of human teeth under visible and ultraviolet light. The tetracycline lines presented different appearances near the enamel-junction region, near the dentine-cementum junction, in the mantle dentine, and in the circumpulpal dentine, depending on whether the mineralization front was linear, globular or linear-globular. PMID- 1133090 TI - A quantitative electron microscopic study of myelination in the anterior limb of the anterior commissure of the mouse brain. AB - An electron microscopic study of myelination was carried out in the anterior limb of the anterior commissure of the mouse brain. The total number of axons increased from 48 700 at 17 days post-conception to 286 500 at 11 days postnatum. The first evidence of myelination was the presence of a few promyelin fibres at 8 days postnatum. Myelinated axons were first found at 11 days postnatum. The most rapid increase in myelinated fibres occurred between 17 and 21 days postnatum, but myelination continued to increase even after 45 days postnatum. There was no change in mean diameter (0-27 mum) of unmyelinated axons after 18 days post conception. The mean diameter of myelinated axons (0-53 mum) also showed no variation with age. The modal diameter of myelinated axons lay between 0-4 and 0 6 mum. Small fibres (0-2-0-3 mum) myelinated around 32-35 days postnatum. The greatest increase in large myelinated axons (larger than or equal to 0-8 mum) occurred after 25 days postnatum. At all ages sheaths with outer and inner tongues in the same quadrant predominated and by 240 days postnatum 80% of sheaths showed this configuration. PMID- 1133091 TI - An ultrastructural study of sinuatrial node cells in the embryonic rat heart. AB - Sinuatrial nodal tissue, obtained from rat embryos of 15, 16 and 17 days, was examined with the electron microscope. Embryonic nodal cells were generally similar to adult cells except that (1) they showed thick prolongations of the cytoplasm which insinuated themselves between neighbouring cells; (2) they possessed osmiophilic granules with a predeliction for the region of the Golgi complex; (3) they exhibited a lesser and variable degree of pinocytosis. PMID- 1133093 TI - Pseudoeosinophilic leucocyte response to denuding the rabbit cornea. AB - After scraping the epithelium from the rabbit's cornea, pseudoeosinophilic leucocytes appeared in the limbic area within one hour and began to advance, presumably by means of pseudopodia, into the anterior corneal stroma. The cytoplasmic granules of these cells were intensely stained by eosin and by the Undritz peroxidase method during the first hour, but were not stained by the PAS method until the eighteenth hour. Electron microscopy failed to show crystalloids in the granules. The cellular changes were followed until the fourth day, by which time most of the cells had disappeared by fragmentation, karyorrhexis and lysis. PMID- 1133092 TI - The distribution and function of lysosomes in condylar cartilage. AB - Using electron microscopic and histochemical methods it was possible to demonstrate in condylar cartilage the presence of acid phosphatase and aryl sulphatase in lysosome-like bodies of the cartilage cells, confirming that they are lysosomes. Lysosome-like bodies were also present in the extracellular matrix, but they reacted for acid phosphatase only. Lysosomes extruded by the cells may well provide a means whereby lysosomal enzymes are enabled to take part in the preliminaries to matrix calcification. The large numbers of lysosomes in the hypertrophic chondrocytes, however, are probably more concerned in bringing about autolysis of the cells than in promoting calcification of the matrix. PMID- 1133094 TI - A systematic approach to the quantitative description of musculo-skeletal geometry. AB - 1. A systematized computer technique of centroid analysis has been developed to evaluate the precise geometric relationship between a muscle and a bone and it has been applied to the abductor mechanism of the human hip joint. 2. The validity of the traditional use of straight lines for displaying the line of action of a muscle is open to serious question, although in the case of the gluteus medius the straight line simplification is not unmeasurable. 3. The determination of the precise interactions of muscles and bones is of major importance in the consideration of various orthopaedic procedures. PMID- 1133095 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of proliferation and maturation of fibrous astrocytes in the optic nerve of the human embryo. AB - Optic nerves from perfusion-fixed human embryos of 28,50,75,105,120 and 165 mm crown-rump length were examined in the electron microscope. The number of glial cells per section was found to increase steadily from 10 weeks post-conception to 18 weeks and a close correlation (r = 0.92) was found between the percentage vascularity and the glial population. Mitotic figures were present in all optic nerves examined. From 14 weeks onwards all glial cells, except pericytes, were found to be fibrous astrocytes. The human fibrous astrocyte appears to pass through the following stages of development: (1) Astrocytic precursors (dark glioblasts) have a dense cytoplasmic matrix with few organelles, although a single cilium is frequently present.(2) Concomitant with the increase in vascularization of the optic nerve found between 12 and 14 weeks glycogen granules increase in the cytoplasm of astrocytic precursors, followed by microfibrils, which appear first in the processes and later extend into the perikaryon. (3) With the appearance of glycogen granules the cytoplasmic organelles, particularly mitochondria, increase in amount and the cytoplasmic matrix gradually becomes less dense. (4) With increasing age fewer organelles are found in astrocytic processes, which become thinner and densely packed with microfibrils. PMID- 1133096 TI - The development of the olfactory mucosa in the mouse: light microscopy. AB - The development of the olfactory and vomeronasal epithelia of the mouse has been investigated from the 9th day of gestation until shortly after birth. On the 10th day axons emerge from the base of the olfactory epithelium to reach the olfactory bulb primordia on the 11th day, at which time the olfactory dendrites first appear. On the 13th day a distinction between the elongate nuclei of the embryonic stem cells and the rounded nuclei of the differentiating receptors is visible. A basal layer of stem cells remains mitotically active from the 13th day of gestation onwards, and after the 15th day the majority of mitoses occur in this layer. It is suggested that from the 15th day of gestation onwards the nuclei situated most apically become those of the supporting cells. The glands of Bowman are first visible on the 17th day of gestation. The diverticulum of the vomeronasal organ begins to form on the 11th day and the development of its sensory epithelium resembles that of the olfactory organ except for the absence of basally situated stem cell nuclei in the later stages of the vomeronasal organ. PMID- 1133097 TI - Chick vincula: elastic structures with a check-rein mechanism. AB - From their mode of attachment and their elastic composition, it is clear that the vincula of the chick serve other functions besides that of carrying blood vessels to the digital flexor tendons within their synovial sheaths. Evidence is presented in support of the argument that elastic fibres bear the brunt of rapidly applied tensile forces and that the interweaving collagen fibres only become taut when the vincula are stretched to the limit and about to tear. Our hypothesis is that the collagen serves as a check-rein mechanism in an otherwise elastic structure. PMID- 1133099 TI - A study of mitotic activity and the diurnal variation of the epithelial cells in wounded rectal mucous membrane. AB - Excision ulcers of the rectal mucous membrane were made in two groups of rats. One group was wounded at 09.00 hours and the second group at 21.00 hours. Mitotic counts were carried out in the glandular epithelium at the ulcer edges at 2 hour intervals over a period of 24 hours. Mitotic activity increased in 2-4 hours and thereafter showed a peak-and-trough pattern. The wounded rectal epithelial cells exhibited a diurnal variation with a peak of activity during the day and a low period of activity at night. It would seem unlikely that the adrenaline-chalone complex acts on the rectal epithelium, as this would entail maximal mitotic activity during periods of rest, when the circulating levels of adrenaline in the rat are at their lowest. The experiments clearly showed that the diurnal variation was not abolished by wounding. The increased mitotic activity occurred in the epithelial cells in the lower and mid thirds of the colonic glands; dividing cells were rarely seen in the top twenty cells or so of the glands, or in the surface epithelium. Mitotic activity was often lower in the first one or two glands at the immediate wound edge, which is difficult to explain by present theories of mitotic control. PMID- 1133098 TI - Cholinesterase activity in the hypoglossal nucleus of the rat and the changes produced by axotomy: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - Within the hypoglossal nucleus large amounts of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity are present in all the neurons, whereas intracellular butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity occurs only within a ventro-caudally situated cluster of cells. AChE activity within the neurons occurs mainly in the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum but there is some in the intermembranous space of the nuclear envelope and in the Golgi complexes. In the neuropil, reaction product is seen along some axonal and synaptic membranes. The distribution of BuChE in the ventro-caudal cells is identical with that of AChE except that BuChE activity is absent from the neuropil. The level of intraneuronal AChE activity falls rapidly during the first few days after axotomy. The fall is due partly to a dissolution and peripheral migration of the E.R. but also to a decrease in AChE content of the E.R. that remains. Return of staining begins in the 4th week and continues as the E.R. reassembles. Staining in the neuropil falls more slowly, but recovers less completely. The ventro caudal group of cells shows the same kinds of change, but more dramatically. BuChE activity returns only erratically and never completely. The similarity in normal distribution, and in response to axotomy, of the two cholinesterases suggests that their functions are related. PMID- 1133100 TI - Increase in fibre numbers of the rat pterygoid muscles during postnatal growth. AB - The total numbers of fibres in transverse histological sections of the pterygoid muscles of Lister rats of various ages were counted on enlarged photomicrographic prints. The number in the medial pterygoid of the male doubled between birth and six weeks. This was followed by a decrease of rather more than 10 percent in the numbers between six weeks and the adult stage in both males and females. The number of fibres in the lateral pterygoid of the male increased by about 45 percent between birth and the adult stage. There were about 15 percent fewer fibres in the medial pterygoid of the adult female than in the male; no such sex difference occurred in the lateral pterygoid. Early precursors of muscle fibres were seen in histological sections of these muscles in the newborn, confirming new fibre formation after birth. Such precursors gradually disappeared, starting with the most primitive, so that by the age of four weeks the muscles had a mature appearance. PMID- 1133101 TI - Twinning in cattle. PMID- 1133102 TI - Variability in microbiological counts on beef carcasses. PMID- 1133103 TI - Anthelmintic activity of levamisole against Ascaris, Trichuris and Metastrongylus infection in swine. PMID- 1133104 TI - Effects of single intramuscular injections of selenium at various levels to young swine. PMID- 1133105 TI - Lysine requirement of growing pigs at two levels of dietary protein. PMID- 1133106 TI - Development of rabbit embryos after storage at 10 C-1. PMID- 1133107 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis by A and B echography of breast diseases]. PMID- 1133108 TI - [Problems of radioprotection in radiology]. PMID- 1133109 TI - [Genetic risks in irradiation of pregnant women]. PMID- 1133111 TI - Editorial: In black and white. PMID- 1133110 TI - [The possibilities and limitations of nephrotomography by rapid infusion in the diagnosis of renal neoplasms]. PMID- 1133113 TI - Biological photography and the law. PMID- 1133112 TI - Photographing the external eye. PMID- 1133115 TI - The mechanism of formation of inhibitor-induced ribosome helices in Entamoeba invadens. AB - Helices andaggregates of helices (chromatoid bodies) composed of ribosomelike particles appear in cysts and slow-growing trophozoites of Entamoeba invadens. We found that similar helix aggregates were formed abundantly in actively growing E. invadens trophozoites treated with a variety of direct or indirect inhibitors of protein synthesis. The inhibitor-induced helices appeared cytochemically and ultrastructurally identical to those seen in cysts. Numerous single helices and small arrays occurred randomly distributed throughout the trophozoite cytoplasm within 15 min after treatment with NaF, which rapidly and completely stopped all nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Cycloheximide (CH), which inhibited protein synthesis as effectively a NaF, stimulated aggregate formation more slowly, and only after a delay of 30-60 min. CH temporarily blocked NaF-stimulated aggregated formation. Aggregation was slowest with actinomycin-D, which strongly inhibited RNA synthesis but depressed protein synthesis only slowly. These results suggested that release of ribosomes from mRNA was required for aggregation. Inhibition by CH was reversible, and aggregates disappeared from CH-treated amebas shortly after they were transferred to inhibitor-free frowth medium. There was no evidence that helices assembled about a structural organizer within the cell or that the process involved metabloc activity. It was concluded that the inhibitor-induced helices were composed of mature, normally functional ribosomes and that helix formation was a spontaneous and reversible consequence of the accumulation withing the cell of free monosomes (or subunits) which were prevented from binding to mRNA. PMID- 1133114 TI - Direct association of messenger RNA with microsomal membranes in human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Messenger RNA (mRNA) of membrane-bound polysomes in a membrane fraction of WI-38 cells remains associated with the microsomal membranes even after ribosomes and their nascent polypeptide chains are removed by using puromycin in a high salt buffer or by disassembling the ribosomes in a medium of high ionic strength lacking magnesium. mRNA either was specifically labeled in the presence of actinomycin D, or it was recognized by virtue of its affinity for oligo-dT. Poly A segments in bound mRNAs have an electrophoretic mobility in acrylamide gels which is characteristic of cytoplasmic mRNAs and corresponds to 150-200 adenyl residues. Extensive RNase treatment did not lead to release of the poly A segments of membrane-associated mRNA molecules either from an intact membrane fraction or from a membrane fraction previously stripped of ribosomes. On the other hand, RNase treatment led to the release and digestion of the nonpoly A segments of the mRNA molecules, indicating that the site of attachment of mRNA to the ER membranes is located near or at the 3' end of the molecule which contains the poly A. A direct association of mRNAs and endoplasmic reticulum membranes is considered in a modelto explain the assembly of bound polysomes and protein synthesis in a membrane-associated apparatus. PMID- 1133116 TI - Comparision of the structure and function of polysomal and helical ribosomes from Entamoeba invadens. AB - Some structural and functional properties of ribosomes from polysomes and from helix aggregates of Entamoeba invadens have been compared by sucrose gradient analysis and assays of in vitro protein synthesis. Actively growing trophozoites, lacking helices, presented normal polysome profiles in sucrose gradients. The single large ribosomal helix aggregate (chromoatoid body) of cysts diappeared as the cells were disrupted. Gradient profiles of cyst extracts contained predominantly large and small ribosome subunit peaks and no evidence of remaining helix fragments of mRNA-bound polysomes. Sequential profiles of trophozoites incubated with NaF or cycloheximide (which both stimulate ribosome aggregation, but at different rates) showed that polysome breakdown occurred before aggregates appeared and, again, that helices broke down to subunits in vitro. Radioactive ribosomes synthesized during vegetative growth were collected into helices during encystation. Subunits of these ribosomes cosedimented with comparable particles isolated from trophozoites. Ribosomes from both trophozoites and cysts were active in cell-free protein synthesis, although activity in cyst extracts required the addition of trophozoite-soluble fraction. It was concluded that ribosomes from polysomes and helices in E. invadens were probably identical and that the ability to form helices was an intrinsic property of mature mRNA-free ribosomes of this organism. PMID- 1133118 TI - Four convenient methods for the determination of enzyme inhibitor constants. PMID- 1133117 TI - Pressure-induced depolymerization of spindle microtubules. I. Changes in birefringence and spindle length. AB - Changes in birefringence retardation (BR) and length of Chaetopterus meiotic metaphase-arrested spindles produced by increased hydrostatic pressure were observed with polarized-light microscopy using a newly developed optical pressure chamber. Increased pressure produced rapid, reversible decreases in spindle BR and length. Pressures of 3,500 psi or higher at 22 degrees C caused complete disappearance of spindle BR within 3 min. Up to 6,000 psi, the rates of both BR decay and spindle shortening increased progressively with increasing pressure. At 6,000 psi or above, the BR decreased rapidly but there was no evidence of spindle shortening. The general observations are consistent with results of earlier classical experiments on effects of pressure on mitosis, and with experiments that used colchicine or low temperature as microtubule-depolymerizing agents. The kinetics of spindle depolymerization and repolymerization showed two phases: an initial phase of rapid decreases or increase in half-spindle microtubule BR; and a second phase of nearly constant BR during which most of the spindle shortening or growth occurs. BR is assumed to be directly related to the number of microtubules in a spindle cross section. It is hypothesized that microtubules in the spindle have different stabilities depending on the attachment of nonattachment of their ends. This hypothesis is used to explain the two phases of spindle depolymerization and repolymerization as well as several other observations. PMID- 1133119 TI - Drug interaction and "knockout drops". PMID- 1133120 TI - Thermodynamics and kinetics of ligand binding to vitamin B12a. A laboratory experiment. PMID- 1133121 TI - Electrochemistry in organisms. Electron flow and power output. PMID- 1133122 TI - A new chemistry program for nursing and allied health students. PMID- 1133123 TI - Determination of fluoride in toothpaste using an lon-selective electrode. PMID- 1133124 TI - An improved technique for the analysis of amino acids and related compounds on thin layers of cellulose. X. The characterization of some methionyl, phenylalanyl, tyrosyl and other peptides by thin-layer and ion-exchange chromatography. AB - This paper is a continuation of previous work (Parts VI, VIII, and IX) designed to identify small peptides in biological fluids by a combination of ion-exchange and thin-layer chromatography. Several series of peptides, mainly dipeptides, with methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, serine, or glutamic acid as the N-terminal amino acid, have been examined. PMID- 1133125 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of theophylline in human plasma. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of theophylline in human plasma is described. The method is based on the methylation of theophylline on column and allows the determination of concentration of the drug down to the level of 1.0 mu-g/ml in plasma. PMID- 1133126 TI - Quantitative thin-layer spectrodensitometric determination of the components of polyene macrolide antibiotice complexes. AB - A direct spectrodensitometric method for quantitating the components of polyene macrolide complexes after separation by thin-layer chromatography is described. Resolution of the components of the candidin and candihexin complexes was good up to 2.5 and 10 mu-g/spot, respectively. The peak areas were linear with the amount spotted up to the same levels. Maximum peak areas for the components of the candidin and candihexin complexes were obtained using light wavelengths of 360 and 340 nm, respectively. Spotting errors rather than instrumental parameters were responsible for the variance of repeated determinations. Minimal relative standard deviation values were found at intermediate concentration levels in the linear range. PMID- 1133127 TI - Improved method for the separation of lysine from N-epsilon-monomethyllysine in plasma using cation-exchange chromatography. PMID- 1133128 TI - Analysis of ecdysones by gas chromatography using electron capture detection. PMID- 1133129 TI - Analysis of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. PMID- 1133130 TI - Simple buffer gradient for the chromatography of amino acids, including tryptophan, on a single-column technicon analyser. PMID- 1133131 TI - Improved thin-layer chromatography technique for the identification of phenylthiohydantoin amino acids. PMID- 1133132 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine and other phenethylamine derivatives. PMID- 1133133 TI - Analysis of illicit diamorphine preparations by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 1133134 TI - Two methods for estimating terbutryne residues in water using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography with a conductivity detector. PMID- 1133135 TI - Gas chromatographic microdetermination of acetanilide in blood. PMID- 1133136 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic detection of some N-acylglycine conjugates in urine. PMID- 1133137 TI - In situ spectrofluorimetric estimation of substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines by thin-layer chromatographic separation and oxidation to the dihydroisoquinolinium derivatives. PMID- 1133138 TI - A method for the separation of plasma amino acids by ion-exchange chromatography combined with a semi-automatic computation of plasma amino acid concentrations. AB - A method is described for combining the separation of plasma amino acids on a single column amino acid analyzer with semi-automatic computation of the plasma amino acid concentrations. The system used for the quantitation of the amino acids consists of an integrator with a teletype printer fitted with a puncher, and a table calculator with a punch reader and a converter. By using this system, the total time required for the calculation of the molar plasma concentration of 30 amino acids from one analytical run is less than 10 min. PMID- 1133139 TI - Comparison of methods for aflatoxin analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Reversed-phase columns packed with octadecyl and phenyl reversed phases did not provide adequate separation of aflatoxins. A peculiar adsorption column provided partial separation, i.e. B1 and B2 from G1 andG2, but not B1 from B2 nor G1 from G2. A microparticulate adsorption (7icro-A) column completely separated aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2. Detection was more selective at 350 nm (or 365 nm) than at 254 nm. A Fluoro Monitor Model 1209 detector (Laboratory Data Control Corp.) was more sensitive for aflatoxins G1 and G2 than for B1 and B2. Aflatoxin B1 at the 30-ppb level in yellow corn was detected with the Micro-A column and the 350-nm photometer. The limit of detection was estimated at about 10 ppb. PMID- 1133140 TI - [Fluorimetric determination of testosterone on Al2O3 by thin-layer chromatographic separation of the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives (author's transl)]. AB - Small quantities (parts per 10-9) of testosterone were determined in the presence of large amounts of other steroids in urine samples obtained during pregnancy by subjecting their trimethylsilyl derivatives to spectrofluorimetry on alumina after purification by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. The activity of the alumina and the fluorescence reactions are discussed. PMID- 1133141 TI - Quantitative determination of cocaine and its metabolites benzoylecgonine and ecgonine by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive and reliable method was developed to determine quantitatively cocaine and its metabolites benzoylecgonine and ecgonine. The method involved the formation of fluoro derivatives which were separated on 3% and 5% OV-1 columns and detected in picomole quantities using an electron capture detector. Ecgonine and benzoylecgonine were derivatized with a mixture of hexafluoroisopropanol heptafluorobutyric anhydride (1:2). Cocaine was first reduced by LiAlH4 and then acylated by pentafluoropropionic anhydride. Benzoylecgonine, but not ecgonine, could also be determined by reduction and subsequent acylation. This provided the basis for the determination of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine from the same sample. Cocaine could be determined in urine and plasma by this method. PMID- 1133142 TI - Thin-layer chromatography on a chromatosheet coated with resin in different ionic forms for the separation of amino acid mixtures containing asparagine and glutamine. PMID- 1133143 TI - Gas chromatography and characterization of tetraethyl derivates of uric acid. PMID- 1133144 TI - 2-Thiobarbituric acid as a reagent for the detection of meconic acid by thin layer chromatography. PMID- 1133145 TI - Detection of inhibitors of Erwinia carotovora and E. herbicola on thin-layer chromatograms. PMID- 1133146 TI - Simultaneous assay of methylphenobarbitone and phenobarbitone using gas-liquid chromatography with on-column butylation. PMID- 1133147 TI - Separation of some 16-androstenes on hydroxyalkoxypropl-Sephadex (lipidex-TM). PMID- 1133149 TI - Kinetics of heroin deacetylation in aqueous alkaline solution and in human serum and whole blood. AB - A kinetic study of heroin hydrolysis in alkaline aqueous solution at room temperature was conducted by a gas chromatographic method to measure the consecutive reactions of diacetylmorphine to monoacetylmorphine and of monoacetylmorphine to morphine. A first-order reaction was observed in both instances, and the rate for the deacetylation of heroin was greater than that of monoacetylmorphine. The rates of in vitro hydrolysis of diacetylmorphine in human whole blood and in serum were compared by the same method. Diacetylmorphine was hydrolyzed twice as rapidly in blood as in serum. While morphine was an end product of hydrolysis in the blood, it was absent in the serum. PMID- 1133148 TI - [Quantitative determinaton of glycerides by densitometry (author's transl)]. AB - After determination of charring conditions and the measurement by densitometry of lipids separated by thin-layer chromatography, a statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of the results. Calibration curves were studied and response factors calculated for some saturated and unsaturated triglycerides. PMID- 1133150 TI - Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with uremic bone diseases. AB - Bone histologic parameters and serum iPTH and 25-OHD were measured in 20 patients with end-stage renal failure treated with hemodialysis. By bone histologic criteria, the patients were divided into three groups: mild, osteomalacic, and fibrotic. The increase in serum iPTH was much greater in the fibrotic group than in the mild or osteomalacic groups. In the uremic patients as a group, there were significant correlations between serum iPTH and both percent marrow fibrosis and percent resorbing surface. In the mild and fibrotic groups together, serum iPTH was also correlated with percent forming surface. This and other findings suggested that most of the bone changes in the mild and fibrotic groups could be explained by excess PTH. The difference in bone changes and in serum iPTH between the mild and fibrotic groups could be related to our eariler findings that duration of renal disease was much greater in the fibrotic than in the mild group. The lowest increment in serum iPTH was found in the osteomalacic group. In this group, percent resorbing surface was not increased and there was only a slight increase in marrow fibrosis. Thus in all three groups, serum iPTH appeared to reflect parathyroid status. The cause of the elevated serum iPTH and for the intergroup differences was not apparent inasmuch as serum calcium was normal in all three groups. Serum 25-OHD was significantly elevated in the osteomalacic and fibrotic groups. Because none of our patients had received preparations containing vitamin D, the elevated serum 25-OHD in the osteomalacic and fibrotic groups is consistent with altered vitamin D metabolism in these two groups. There was a direct relationship between percent osteroid area and serum 25-OHD. However, whether or not altered vitamin D metabolism contributed to the mineralization defect in uremic bone disease could not be established. PMID- 1133151 TI - Conversion of androgens to estrogens in cirrhosis of the liver. AB - The contribution, by peripheral conversion, of androstenedione and testosterone to the circulating estrogens was determined in men with cirrhosis of the liver. The conversion ratio of androstenedione to estrone, estradiol and testosterone and the conversion ratio of testosterone to estrone (but not estradiol) and androstenedione were significantly increased. The plasma concentrations of androstenedione and testosterone were increased and decreased respectively; the mean plasma concentration of androstenedione being similar to that found in normal women. The metabolic clearance rate of androstenedione was not altered in cirrhosis although the metabolic clearance rate of testosterone was decreased. The production rate of androstenedione was elevated while that of testosterone was reduced. The instantaneous contribution of plasma androstenedione to estrone and estradiol was increased in cirrhosis as was the contribution of testosterone to estrone (but not to estradiol). Thus the increased estradiol levels in cirrhosis result, in large part, from increased peripheral conversion from the androgens. The percent contribution of plasma testosterone to plasma androstenedione was decreased although the absolute amount derived by conversion was normal. The percent contribution of plasma androstenedione to plasma testosterone was increased sevenfold in cirrhosis. The fraction of the daily androstenedione production derived from the plasma testosterone pool was not significantly altered. However, a significant fraction of the daily production rate of testosterone was derived from androstenedione. Thus, 15% of the circulating testosterone is not secreted but is derived by peripheral conversion from androstenedione. Normal levels of gonadotropins were found in cirrhosis. PMID- 1133152 TI - Nocturnal increase of plasma testosterone in men: relation to gonadotropins and prolactin. AB - The nocturnal increase of plasma testosterone (T) in adult men has been well established. Luteinizing hormone (LH) does not show a similar increase throughout the night, whereas prolactin (PRL) does, suggesting the possibility of other hormone influence on T secretion. To investigate this possibility, 8 young adult men were studied for 4 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory (2 nights adaptation, 2 nights blood sampling), by blood samples taken every 30 min during the 8-h sleep period, for measurement of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), PRL, and T. LH and FSH were secreted episodically, with little or no change in baseline levels during the night. PRL and T also were secreted episodically, but their baseline levels increased as the night progressed. Both LH and PRL had maximum within-subject correlations (averages equal +0.35 and +0.48 respectively) with T when they led T by 60 min. Within-subject correlations done on first differences (to remove the effect of slow trends) were near zero. LH and PRL had larger correlations with T than did FSH, for both calculations. These data suggest that both LH and PRL levels precede T levels by about 60 min. PRL thus may participate in the regulation of nocturnal T secretion in adult men. PMID- 1133153 TI - Cortisol metabolism in chronic liver disease. AB - Impairment of cortisol metabolism, evidence of endogenous hypercortism and sensitivity to oral corticosteroids are known to occur in patients with chronic liver disease. Measurements were made of plasma 11-OHCS and urinary cortisol levels and other parameters of adrenal function in a group of such patients. The mean plasma total 11-OHCS was lower in patients than in control subjects, although this difference was not statistically significant and the normal circadian rhythm was maintained. However, in patients with chronic liver disease a greater proportion of the 11-OHCS was in the non-protein bound state resulting in an elevation of this fraction. This elevation of non-protein bound 11-OHCS must represent a resetting of the pituitary-adrenal feedback mechanism in these patients. Corticosteroid binding globulin was lower in patients than in control subjects, although the difference was not statistically significant. Urinary cortisol excretion was significantly reduced as was excretion of 17-ketosteroids. Cortisol secretion rate was found to be normal. It is suggested that elevation of plasma non-protein bound 11-OHCS, resulting from impaired metabolism and reduced protein binding of cortisol in patients with hepatic disease, may explain the features of endogenous hypercorticism seen in such patients. Moreover, in the presence of impaired steroid metabolism and reduced protein binding, these patients may exhibit an increased sensitivity to corticosteroid therapy, and therefore administration of a reduced dosage may be advisable. PMID- 1133154 TI - Production of estrone and fractional conversion of circulating androstenedione to estrone in women with endometrial carcinoma. AB - Postmenopausal women convert circulatory C19 steroids to estrogen. In order to study the possible role of such estrogen in endometrial cancer, the determination of the fractional conversion of circulation delta-4-androstene-3,17-dione to estrone was attempted. However, in the course of this work it became apparent that the mathematical model upon which this determination is based does not adequately represent the true physiological conditions. The reasons for the inadequacy of the model are not apparent, although they seem to bear some relationship to obesity. The direction and magnitude of the deviation of the values; determined from the true values are unknown. The values for the apparent fractional conversion of androstenedione to estrone in 9 postmenopausal women with endometrial cancer are strongly correlated with values indices of obesity. These values also correlate well with values for the apparent rate of production of estrone in our 9 patients and also in 5 postomenopausal patients with uterine bleeding reported in the literature, but no such correlation is evident for postmenopausal women without endometrial abnormality reported in the literature. The range of values for both the apparent fractional conversion and the apparent rate of production of estrone are similar to those reported by other workers using the same model. However, the data suggest that women with endometrial cancer may produce estriol by a pathway not involving circulating estrone. PMID- 1133155 TI - Metabolism of testosterone in previable human fetuses. AB - Labeled testosterone was injected into the umbilical vein of each of 4 male and 3 female previable fetuses at the time of laparotomy. After leaving the circulation intact for 3 min, the fetal tissues of each fetus were removed and the labeled metabolites present in each tissue were extracted, separated and isolated. Aliquots of tissue extracts were used for the qualitative analysis of metabolites following which metabolites were reisolated quantitatively from other tissue aliquots with the aid of the corresponding 3-H-labeled recovery markers. Testosterone and 11beta-hydroxyandrostenedione-4 were isolated from the adrenals and 5beta-androstanedione, androstenedione, etiocholanolone, androsterone, 5alpha androstanediol, 5beta-androstanediol and testosterone were isolated from the livers. In addition, etiocholanolone and 5beta-androstanediol were isolated from the sulfate and glucuronide fractions of the livers. A sex difference in fetal testosterone metabolism was observed in the liver where the amounts of unconjugated 5beta-androstanediol in the male livers with no overlap in values. This conclusion has to be viewed with caution as only 4 males and 3 female fetuses were examined in these studies. PMID- 1133156 TI - Hormonal and metabolic changes induced by elevated plasma free fatty acids in term pregnancy. I. Effect on maternal blood glucose, insulin and human placental lactogen circulating levels. AB - The influence of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration on the secretion of human placental lactogen (hPL) was investigated in 16 normal young women during the last month of gestation, in order to determine whether hPL secretion is influenced in the same way as human growth hormone (hGH) during plasma FFA elevation. Maternal blood glucose (BG), plasma triglycerides (TG), FFA, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and hPL levels were measured during and after a lipid emulsion infusion for 75 min (10 cases). The intravenous injection of 5,000 U of heparin at the 15th min of the lipid infusion was followed by a decrease in plasma triglyceride levels and by an accompanying rise in plasma FFA (rom 468 plus or minus 52 to 2,478 plus or minus 310 mueq/liter). In control experiments lipid infusion alone (3 cases) resulted in a moderate increase in FFA (718 plus or minus 157 to 1,046 plus or minus 255 mueq/liter), and separate iv heparin administration (3 cases) elevated the FFA levels from 728 plus or minus 50 to 1,649 plus or minus 153 mueq/liter). No significant change in either IRI or hPL levels was discernible in any of the tests performed. A tendency of blood glucose to increase was observed after heparin administration. It was concluded that a marked and sustained plasma FFA elevation, achieved through intravenous lipid and heparin infusion cannot alter hPL circulating levels in term human pregnancy. PMID- 1133157 TI - In vitro determination of relative corticosteroid potency. AB - The corticosteroid concentration required to inhibit phytohemagglutinin stimulated human lymphocyte transformation by 50% was determined for three corticosteroids. The relative potency of hydrocortisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone determined in 16 patients was 1.00, 2.43, and 24.7 respectively. This assay is proposed as an objective tool for comparison of relative corticosteroid potency in man. PMID- 1133158 TI - Effectof sex, oral contraceptives, and glucose loading on apomorphine-induced growth hormone secretion. AB - Apomorphine-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion less in women either on or off oral contraceptives than in men. Women on oral contraceptives have a significantly greater peak GH response to apomorphine than women on no medication. The reason for these differences is unclear. Prior glucose loading in men significantly decreases the GH response to apomorphine. This suggests that stimulation of glucoreceptors antagonises dopaminergic modulation of GH secretion. PMID- 1133159 TI - Pituitary-gonadal response to acute I.M. stimulation with clomiphene citrate in normal men. AB - In order to asses the effect of acute i.m. injection of clomiphene citrate (CC) on LH, FSH, and testosterone (T) secretion, five normal, fertile men received 5 mg of the drug dissolved in 2 ml 0.9% saline, while a further five were injected 10 mg of the same preparation. All tests were performed at 8 a.m. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes of the injection. Serum LH, FSH, and T values were determined by the double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. A significant rise of the LH, FSH, and T levels was obtained in both groups. Peak LH values were obtained at 30 minutes (average), whereas FSH and T peaks occurred at 60 minutes. The 180-minute values were similar to basal. The results seem to indicate that intramsucularly administered CC could be useful, as a rapid test, in evaluating the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. PMID- 1133160 TI - Twenty-four hour prolactin (PRL) secretory patterns during pregnancy. AB - To determine if the central nervous system "program" controlling PRL secretion is operative during pregnancy, three pregnant women (12th, 20th and 32nd week of gestation) had 24-hour, 20-minute interval plasma sampling and polygraphic monitoring of nocturnal sleep. All three subjects showed episodic PRL secretion during waking which became augmented during nocturnal sleep. Since the number of "major" PRL secretory episodes was similar to normals, the increased PRL levels were most probably achieved by increased secretion per secretory episode. These findings suggest that during pregnancy, the PRL sleep related secretory "program" is maintained in a qualitative manner, albeit at a higher set-point. PMID- 1133161 TI - Corticosteroids in human blood. VIII. Cortisol metabolites in plasma of normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension. AB - Results of our previous studies revealed a derangement in the peripheral metabolism of adrenal steroids in patients with essential hypertension. To investigate further this finding, all indIVidual free and conjugated metabolites of cortisol were isolated, identified and quantitated in plasma of 14 normotensive subjects and 13 patients with benign, uncomplicated essential hypertension, following iv administration of a tracer dose of [4-14-C] cortisol. In addition, plasma levels of endogenous cortisol were determined at 8 AM and 4 PM in all the subjects examined. The results obtained revealed the following statistically significant differences between normotensives and hypertensives: 1) Mean plasma concentrations of cortisol metabolites reduced in ring-A with nonreduced 20-ketone, tetrahydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisone, and their 5alpha epimers, were 30% lower in the hypertensives; since these steroids constitute the bulk of the major group of cortisol metabolites--the glucuronide conjugates, plasma levels of this group of conjugates measured in toto were also found to be significantly lower in the hypertensives. 2) Concentrations of cortisol metabolites with non-reduced ring-A (delta-4-3-keto configuration preserved) but with reduced 20-ketone and/or hydroxylated at C-6, 20alpha- and 20beta- dihydrocortisol, 6alpha- and 6beta-hydroxycortisol, and 6-hydroxy-20 dihydrocortisol (all 4 isomers), were 73%, 48% and 68% respectively, higher in the hypertensives; since these steroids constitute the bulk of the sulfate conjugated and nucleoside-complexed metabolites of cortisol, plasma levels of these groups of metabolites, measured in toto, were also found to be higher in the hypertensives. No significant difference was found between normotensives and hypertensives in the AM and PM plasma levels of cortisol. These findings, in conjunction with the results of our studies on urinary corticosteroid metabolites, which yielded identical findings, provide evidence for a decreased activity of hepatic cortisol-delta-4-hydrogenase enzyme system and increased activities (presumably compensatorily) of cortisol-20-reductase and 6-hydroxylase enzyme systems in patients with essential hypertension. The interrelation of these findings with those of other investigators studying steroid metabolites in hypertension, points to the corticosteroid metabolizing enzymes may be an etiological factor in essential hypertension. PMID- 1133162 TI - Evaluation of azoestriol antisera for estriol measurements in pregnancy plasma directly and after extraction. AB - 2-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-estriol antisera were employed to quantitate pregnancy plasma estriol in ether extracts by single phase radioimmune assay without chromatography. Utilizing antiserum which crossreacted minimally even with the monoglucosiduronate metabolites, unextracted plasma estriol measurements were identical statistically to ether extract determinations. PMID- 1133163 TI - Circulating 3,3', 5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) in the human newborn. AB - Serum concentrations of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3 rT3), 3,3',5 triiodothyronine (T), and thyroxine (T4) were measured in cord blood and invenous blood samples obtained between 2 h and 30 days of postnatal life from healthy full-term newborn infants. The mean serum rT3 concentration of (mean plus or minus SE) 151 plus or minus 12 ng per 100 ml in 18 cord blood samples was significantly higher than the level (41 plus or minus 2 ng per 100 ml) in 27 normal adult sera; the corresponding mean serum T4 of 12.7 plus or minus 0.8 mug per 100 ml in cord blood also was significantly higher than that (8.6 plus or minus 1.9 mug per 100 ml) in 108 normal adults. By contrast, the mean serum T3 concentration in 15 cord blood samples, 24 plus or minus 3 mg per 100 ml, was significantly lower than the value of 126 plus or minus 3.2 ng per 100 ml measured in 108 normal adults. At 4 h of age the mean serum rT3 concentration (165 plus or minus 13 ng per 100 ml) in six newborns was 4ot significantly different from that in paired cord blood samples (194 plus or minus 25 ng per 100 ml); on the other hand, whenever, studied, the mean serum T3 and T4 levels were significantly higher at 4 h than at birth. The failure of serum rT3 concentrations to rise after delivery in response to the early neonatal thyrotropin (TSH) surge and at a time when serum T3 and T4 levels increase significantly prompted a study of the rT3 response to 10 IU of intramuscular TSH in three healthy adult subjects. Just as in the newborns, serum rT3 failed to rise appreciably in these subjects, even though serum T3 and T4 showed the expected increments. Serum rT3 concentrations in 1-4 day-old newborn infants did not differ significantly from values in the cord blood but were significantly lower in older neonates. The mean serum rT3 level in 5-7-day-old infants was higher than that in normal adults, but in 9-11 day and 20-30-day-old infants, mean rT3 values were statistically similar to the adult value. The mean serum T3 concentrations in neonates between 1-30 days old were either higher than or comparable to the values of normal adults. The mean serum T4 concentrations in neonates between birth and 30 days of age were significantly higher than the mean adult level. The mean serum rT3 to T4 ratios (rT3/T4) were elevated in 1-4-day old neonates; the values in older neonates were similar to those in adults. These results suggest that (a) factors other than TSH are important modulators of serum rT3 in man; (b) high serum rT3 concentration in the newborn becomes comparable to that in the normal adult by 9-11 days of neonatal life. PMID- 1133164 TI - Uricosuric agents in uremic sera. Identification of indoxyl sulfata and hippuric acid. AB - Serum and urine from chronically uremic patients and normal individuals were subjected to gel filtration of Sephadex-G10. The effects of the eluted fractions on the uptake of urate and para-aminohippurate by isolated cortical tubules of rabbit kidney were investigated. According to the origin of the samples, one to three major groups of fractions inhibiting both urate and para-aminohippurate transport were disclosed. The first eluted group occurred for all the samples under study. The second one was demonstrated in both sera and urines from uremic patients but only in urines from normal individuals. The third one was exclusively detected in uremic sera and urines. Among all the compounds identified, only hippuric acid, eluted in the fractions of the second group, was capable of inhibiting the uptake of urate and para-aminohippurate in vitro. The concentration for which this inhbiitory effect of hippuric acid occurred was in the range of that existing in uremic sera. Indoxyl sulfate, which accumulates to very high concentrations in uremic serum, could not be disclosed in the above mentioned fractions. This is explained by the strong adsorption of this indole derivative to Sephadex gel. Potassium indoxyl sulfate, when tested in vitro at the concentration existing in uremic serum, substantially inhibited the uptake of both urate and para-aminohippurate. In normal subjects, ingestion of hippuric acid or potassium indoxyl sulfate significantly increased fractional urinary excretion of uric acid. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that progressive retention of hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, and other yet unidentified inhibitors may explain the gradual increase in urinary fractional excretion of urate observed in uremia. The present results may be viewed as an example of a mechanism in which retention of normally excreted end products is responsible for adaptation of tubular transport in uremic subjects. PMID- 1133165 TI - Idiopathic scoliosis. Mechanical properties of the respiratory system and the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. AB - The aims were to examine the effects of scoliosis (angle), and age on lung volumes, elastic properties of the respiratory system, and the ventilatory response to CO2. The mean age of the 55 patients was 25.4 plus or minus SEM 2.5 yr, and the mean angle was 80 plus or minus SEM 4.2. The mean plus or minus SEM percent predicted lung volumes were vital capacity (VC), 60.5 plus or minus 2.7; total lung capacity (TLC), 70,2 plus or minus 2.6; functional residual capacity (frc), 79.3 plus or minus 3.2; and residual volume (RV), 99.7 plus or minus 5.2. The correlation coefficients between the angle of scoliosis and each of the following were significant: TLC (-0.548), percent predicted TLC (-0.547), VC ( 0.485), percent predicted VC (-0.523), FRC (-0.533), percent predicted FRC ( 0.338), RV (-0.438), and percent predicted RV (-0.318). The mean compliance of the total respiratory system (Crs) was 0.049 litter/cm H2O plus or minus SEM 0.004, and the mean compliance of the chest wall (Ccw) was 0.080 liter/cm H2O plus or minus SEM 0.012. The Crs and Ccw were inversely proportional to the angle (r-0.620 and -0.721) and directly proportional to the height and the weight. The mean deltaV/deltaPco2 was 1.32 liter/min per mm Hg (SEM 0.171), and the mean deltaVt/deltaPco2 was 28.9 ml/mm Hg (SEM 3.64). The correlation coefficients between deltaV/deltaPco2 and the following were height, 0.499; VC, 0.792; TLC, 0.632; AND Crs, 0.520; and between the deltaTt/deltaPco2 and the following were height, 0.500; VC, 0.878; TLC, 0.802; and Crs, 0.590. We conclude that body size and the deformity were the determinants of the lung volumes and the mechanical properties of the respiratory system, and that these variables were the major factors in both the magnitude and pattern of the ventilatory response to CO2. The correlations between age and the mechanical properties of the respiratory sytem, deltaV/deltaPco2, and deltaVt/deltaPco2, were not significant, but the correlation coefficients between age and several of the derivatives of deltaV/deltaPco2 and deltaVt/deltaPco2 were significant. PMID- 1133166 TI - Pharmacokinetics of drugs in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Since the binding of drugs to plasma proteins can significantly after the intensity of pharmacological and toxicological effects of drugs, we studied the pharmacokinetics of three drugs in patients with hypoalbuminemia secondary to the nephrotic syndrome, but with relatively normal renal function. No significant differences were seen in the pharmacokinetic parameters observed for antipyrine, a drug which is less than 10% bound to plasms proteins. The percentage of unbound diphenylhydantoin, a highly plasms protein-bound drug, was found in patients with the nephrotic syndrome to be twice that of healthy individuals (19,2 vs. 10.1%, P smaller than 0.001). However, there was also a lower steady-state plasma concentration of diphenylhydantoin (2.9 plus or minus 0.6 vs. 6.8 plus or minus 0.6 mug/ml, P smaller than 0.001) secondary to an increase in the plasms clearance (0.048 plus or minus 0.019 vs. 0.022 plus or minus 0.006 liter/kg.h, P smaller than 0.001) in the nephrotic patients. The net effect is no difference in the absolute concentration of unbound diphenylhydantoin in healthy individuals (0.69 plus or minus 0.05 mug/ml) and patients with the nephrotic syndrome (0.59 plus or minus 0.06 mug/ml). Qualitatively, similar differences were observed with clofibrate. The dose of these drugs need not be routinely reduced in patients with the nephrotic syndrome as long as they have reasonably normal renal function (creatinine clearance greater than 50 ml/min). With all highly bound acidic drugs, knowledge of the concentration of unbound drug is essential to the proper interpretation of total blood levels and subsequent treatment of the patient. PMID- 1133167 TI - Defective alpha-polymerization in the conversion of fibrinogen Baltimore to fibrin. AB - The subunit structure of fibrinogen Baltimore and fibrin formed from this inherited dysfibrinogenemia was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weights of the alpha-, b- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen Baltimore were found to be identical to those of normal fibrinogen. Noncross-linked fibrin formed from both purified fibrinogen Baltimore as well as normal fibrinogen contained two alpha-monomers (alpha1 and alpha2). alpha2 was presumed to be alpha-monomer from which fibrinopeptide A had been released. The evolution of alpha2 during clotting of fibrinogen Baltimore was delayed and appeared to be quantitatively reduced when compared to normal. Crosslinked fibrin formed from fibrinogen Baltimore possessed an abnormal subunit structure. alpha polymers were not generated in thrombin-induced, factor XIII-rich clots of fibrinogen Baltimore under conditions of pH and calcium concentration suitable for complete alpha-polymerization in normal fibrin. If clotting was carried out with calcium concentrations twice that required for normal clots or at pH 6.4, fibrin from fibrinogen Baltimore was completely cross-linked. These structural analyses of fibrin formed from fibrinogen Baltimore substantiate earlier findings that indicate a defect in the alpha-chain of this dysfibrinogenemia. PMID- 1133168 TI - Effects of a molecular change in collagen on lung structure and mechanical function. AB - Semicarbazide, a lathyrogen, was given to growing rats to elucidate the consequences of altering the molecular structure of fibrous proteins within the lung. Static pressure-volume (P-V) measurements during deflation of saline-filled lungs showed normal recoil pressure and compliance values within the physiological range of lung volume. Quasi-static P-V measurements were also normal during slow reinflation, even beyond physiological limits to a recoil pressure of 20 cm H20. However, the lungs of experimental rats ruptured at much lower recoil pressures than controls. Histology was normal in lungs fixed at 20 cm H20. In contrast, lungs showed dilation of terminal air spaces, rupture of alveolar walls, and an increase in mean linear intercept in experimental compared with control specimens, when fixed at 30 cm H20. Biochemical analyses revealed reduced cross-linking of lung collagen without change in its total content. There were no detectable changes in the quantity or quality of lung elastin. It is concluded that semicarbazide may selectively impair the maturation of lung collagen and that immaturity of lung collagen is associated with a reduction in the tensile strength of lung tissue, without changes in elasticity within physiological volume limits. PMID- 1133169 TI - Hormonal control of ketogenesis. Rapid activation of hepatic ketogenic capacity in fed rats by anti-insulin serum and glucagon. AB - The enhanced capacity for long-chain fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis that develops in the rat liver between 6 and 9 h after the onset of starvation was shown to be inducible much more rapidly by administration of anti-insulin serum or glucagon to fed rats. After only 1 h of treatment with either agent, the liver had clearly switched from a "nonketogenic" to a "ketogenic" profile, as determined by rates of acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate production on perfusion with oleic acid. As was the case after starvation, the administration of insulin antibodies or glucagon resulted in depletion of hepatic glycogen stores and a proportional increase in the ability of the liver to oxidize long-chain fatty acids and (-)-octanoylcarnitine, suggesting that all three treatment schedules activated the carnitine acyltransferase system of enzymes. In contrast to anti insulin serum, which produced marked elevations in plasma glucose, free fatty acid, and ketone body concentrations, glucagon treatment had little effect on any of these parameters, presumably due to enhanced insulin secretion after the initial stimulation of glycogenolysis. Thus, after treatment with glucagon alone, it was possible to obtain a "ketogenic" liver from a nonketotic animal. The results are consistent with the possibility that the activity of carnitine acyltransferase, and thus ketogenic capacity, is subject to bihormonal control through the relative blood concentrations of insulin and glucagon, as also appears to be the case with hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 1133170 TI - Behavior of eosinophil leukocytes in acute inflammation. I. Lack of dependence on adrenal function. AB - Acute infection is accompanied by a characteristic reduction in circulating eosinophils. This study examined the generally held assumption that the eosinopenia of infection is a manifestation of adrenal stimulation. Trichinosis, Escherichia coli pyelonephritis, and early subcutaneous pneumococcal abscess were used as experimental infections of limited severity. Trichinosis is associated with eosinophilia, but pyelonephritis and pneumococcal infection produce eosinopenia. An assay for serum corticosterone was developed that is sufficiently sensitive to be performed with the small volumes of blood obtained sequentially from individual mice. The corticosterone response to trichinosis fits the sterotyped reaction previously reported for several other bacterial, viral, and rickettsial infections. The peak concentrations of corticosterone in serum from mice with trichinosis was approximately twice normal and occurred at the onset of clinical illness. Serum corticosterone levels gradually declined to the normal range over the next several days. E. coli pyelonephritis produced a similar adrenal response, although the peak serum corticosterone caused by pyelonephritis was less than the serum corticosterone occurring during the first peak of eosinophilia during trichinosis. Infection of a subcutaneous air pouch with penumococci produced eosinopenia within 6 h after inoculation, but there was no rise in serum corticosterone during the first 12 h of the pneumococcal infection. In addition, the eosinopenic response produced by a 12-hpneumococcal abscess occurred mice adrenalectomized 1-4 days before infection with pneumococci. The eosinopenia of acute infection cannot be ascribed to adrenal stimulation. PMID- 1133171 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in family members of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - 57% of sera from 124 relatives of 28 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were found to have antibody directed against lymphocytes. The incidence in 60 members of 16 control families was 3%. Both consanguineous and nonconsanguineous relatives had the antibody in their sera. 68% of close household contacts of the SLE patients showed lymphocytotoxic antibody whereas only 23% of consanguineous relatives who had no household contact with the probands had this antibody. These data suggest that environmental factors may be important in the pathogenesis of SLE. PMID- 1133172 TI - Characteristics of salt and water transport in superficial and juxtamedullary straight segments of proximal tubules. AB - The purpose of the present studies was to characterize the nature of salt and water transport out of the superficial (SF) and juxtamedullary (JM) straight segments of rabbit proximal tubules as examined by in vitro microperfusion techniques. When the perfusate consisted of a solution simulating ultrafiltrate of plasma, there were no differences between SF and JM straight tubules in either net reabsorption of fluid (SF=0.47 nl/mm per min; JM=0.56 nl/mm per min) or in transtubular potential difference (PD) (SF=-2.1 mV; JM=-1.8 mV). Removal of glucose and alanine from the perfusate had no effect on the magnitude of the PD in either straight segment. Ouabain decreased both the net reabsorptive rates and the PD. Isosmolal replacement of NaCL by Na-cyclamate (a presumed impermeant anion) in the perfusate and the bath caused an increase in luminal negativity in both segments wheras similar substitution of NaCL by choline-CL (nontransported cation) changed the PD TO NEAR ZERO. These studies, therefore, suggest that sodium is transported out of the proximal straight tubules by an active noncoupled process that generates a PD (electrogenic process). When the perfusate consisted of a solution with a high chloride concentration (resulting from greater HCO3 than CI reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule), different PDs in SF and JM tubules were generated: SF=+1.6 plus or minus 0.2 mV; JM=-1.3 plus or minus 0.3 mV. This difference in PD was attributed to relative differences in Na and CI permeabilities in these two segments. Electrophysiological and isotopic estimates of the chloride to sodium permeability revealed that the SF tubule is about twice as permeant to chloride than to sodium whereas the JM tubules are approximately twice as permeant to sodium than to chloride. It is concluded that the mechanism of active sodium transport in the straight segment of proximal tubule differs from that of the convoluted segment and that both the SF and JM straight segments differ from each other with respect os sodium and chloride permeability. PMID- 1133173 TI - Proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in human portal and peripheral blood. AB - Concentrations of insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide were measured in portal and peripheral venous blood in six nondiabetic, nonobese subjects. Portal vein samples were obtained by umbilical vein catheterization. Three subjects were studied with intravenous infusion of 25 g glucose, and three with 30 g arginine. Insulin and proinsulin were determined in the insulin immunoassay after separation by gel filtration, and C-peptide was measured by direct immunoassay. With both glucose and arginine stimulation, portal vein levels of all three peptides peaked at 90-120 s after the onset of the stimulus. Relative increases in insulin concentration were greater than those of proinsulin or C-peptide. In peripheral venous blood, maximal levels of the three peptides were observed later (2-5 min), and the increase in insulin relative toproinsulin and C-peptide was not as great. At the time of peak secretion, portal vein insulin and C-peptide approached equimolar concentrations, and proinsulin, as measured against an insulin standard, comprised approximately 2.5% of the total immunoreactive insulin. After stimulation by glucose or arginine, portal insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide levels were not correlated with the concentrations measured in simultaneously drawn peripheral samples. At all sampling times, however, significant correlation was found between insulin and C-peptide in both peripheral and portal blood. The results indicate that under the conditions studied, insulin and C-peptide are secreted in equimolar concentrations in man, and that proinsulin is secreted in the same proportion to insulin as found in the pancreas. Consideration of the relative secretory and metabolic rates of the three beta cell peptides explains their peripheral concentrations. The data further support the use of plasma C-peptide as an indicator of beta cell secretory function. PMID- 1133174 TI - A functional comparison of the cortical collecting tubule and the distal convoluted tubule. AB - Electrical and permeability features of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and the cortical collecting tubule (CCT) were examined using the technique in which isolated segments of rabbit tubules were perfused in vitro. When rabbits were given a regular diet and tubules were perfused and bathed in artificial solutions simulating plasma ultrafiltrate, the potential difference (PD) was +3.7 plus or minus 1.9 mV in the CCT and -40.4 plus or minus 2.8 mV in the DCT. When rabbits were given a low sodium, high potassium diet plus i.m. deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) (1 mg/kg per day), the PD in both the CCT (-30.8 plus or minus 3.9 mV) and the DCT (-33.8 plus or minus 5.5 mV) was negative. The PD in the CCT was quantitatively similar to that of diet plus DOCA when animals were given DOCA alone. The PD in both segments was inhibited by ouabain (10-minus 5 M) in the bath or by amiloride (10-minus 5 M) in the perfusate. Addition of vasopressin (200 muU/ml) to the bath caused a gradual decline of PD to zero in the CCT but failed to produce a potential response in the DCT. Osmotic water permeability was essentially zero in both segments in the absence of vasopressin. After addition of the vasopressin to the bath, osmotic water permeability in the DCT remained zero but increased to 71.9 plus or minus 25.5 X 10-minus 7 cm/s per atm in the CCT. We conclude that both segments are similar in that each possesses an electrogenic transport process but that these segments differ in that: (a) the CCT requires either exogenous or endogenous mineralocorticoid to maintain a maximal negative PD, whereas the PD in the DCT appears to be independent of mineralocorticoid effect; and (b) the CCT responds to vasopressin with a marked rise in water permeability, whereas the DCT is impermeable to water before and after addition of vasopressin. PMID- 1133175 TI - The acute effect of chlorothiazide on serum-ionized calcium. Evidence for a parathyroid hormone-dependent mechanism. AB - The acute effects of chlorothiazide (CTZ) on total (TSCA) and ionized (SCA-plus 2) serum calcium concentrations were studied in three groups of people: (a) eight subjects with normal parathyroid function; (b) six patients with hypoparathyroidism; and (c) two patients with hyperparathyroidism. Most subjects were studied on four occasions; at least 3 days intervened between studies on an individual subject. During each experiment the subject received an i.v. influsion of 5% dextrose in water at 1 ml/min from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Additions to the infusions were (a) none; (b) CTZ to deliver 3.33 mg/kg/h; (c) parathyroid extract to deliver 1 U/kg/h; or (d) both CTZ and parathyroid extract at the rates previously indicated. CTZ, when used, was added to the infusion at 10 a.m., parathyroid extract at 8 a.m. When CTZ was infused, the diuretic-induced losses of Na and water were replaced by i.v. infusion. In normal subjects 2 h after the start of CTZ infusion, there was a transient increase in SCA-plus 2 which coincided in time of day with a transient decrease in SCA-plus 2 in control experiments. At that time of day SCA-plus 2 was 4.18 plus or minus 0.12 mg/100 ml in control experiments and 4.56 plus or minus 0.08 in experiments with CTZ, P smaller than 0.025. The corresponding values for (TSCA) were 9.32 plus or minus 0.15 and 9.80 plus or minus 0.30, P smaller than 0.01. Such differences were not observed in the group with hypoparathyroidism. In the two patients with hyperparathyroidism, CTZ produced sustained increases in TSCA and SCA-plus 2. In normal subjects and those with hypoparathyroidism, CTZ plus parathyroid extract infusion resulted in sustained increases in both SCA-plus 2 and TSCA throughout the periods of observation when compared to experiments in which only parathyroid extract was infused, P smaller than 0.01 in all instances. The results suggest that the acute hypercalcemic action of CTZ requires the presence of circulating parathyroid hormone. PMID- 1133176 TI - Splanchnic and leg exchange of glucose, amino acids, and free fatty acids during exercise in diabetes mellitus. AB - The influence of exercise on leg and splanchnic exchange of substrates was examined in eight insulin-dependent diabetics 24 h after withdrawal of insulin and in eight healthy controls studied at rest and after 40 min of bicycle ergometer exercise at 55-60% of maximal capacity. In four of the diabetic subjects, basal arterial ketone acid levels were 3-4 mmol/ liter (ketotic diabetics) and in the remainder, below 1 mmol/liter (nonketotic diabetics). ,ree fatty acid (FFA) turnover and regional exchange were evaluated with 14-C- labeled oleic acid. Leg uptake of blood glucose rose 13-18 fold during exercise in both the diabetics and controls and accounted for a similar proportion of the total oxygen uptake by leg muscles (25-28%) in the two groups. In contrast, leg uptake of FFA corresponded to 39% of leg oxygen consumption in the diabetic group but only 27% in controls. Systemic turnover of oleic acid was similar in the two groups. Splanchnic glucose output increased during exercise 3-4 fold above resting levels in both groups. In the diabetics, splanchnic uptake of lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and glycogenic amino acids rose more than twofold above resting levels and was fourfold greater than in exercising controls. Total precursor uptake could account for 30% of the splanchnic glucose output in the diabetic group. In contrast, in the controls, total splanchnic uptake of glucose precursors was no greater during exercise than in the resting state and could account for no more than 11% of splanchnic glucose output. The augmented precursor uptake during exercise in the diabetics was a consequence of increased splanchnic fractional extraction as well as increased peripheral production of gluconeogenic substrates. The arterial glucagon concentration was unchanged by exercise in both groups, but was higher in the diabetics. In the diabetic subjects with ketosis in the resting state, exercise elicited a rise in arterial glucose and FFA, an augmented splanchnic uptake of FFA, and a 2-3 fold increase in splanchnic output of 3-hydroxybutyrate. Uptake of 3-hydroxybutyrate by the exercising leg rose more rapidly than splanchnic production, resulting in a fall in arterial levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate. It is concluded that (a) glucose uptake by exercising muscle in hyperglycemic diabetics is no different from that of controls; (b) splanchnic glucose output rises during exercise to a similar extent in diabetics and controls, while uptake of gluconeogenic substrates is markedly higher in diabetics and accounts for a greater proportion of total splanchnic glucose output; (c) exercise in diabetic patients with mild ketosis is associated with a rise in blood glucose and FFA levels as well as augmented splanchnic production and peripheral uptake of ketone bodies. PMID- 1133177 TI - Control of proximal tubule fluid reabsorption in experimental glomerulonephritis. AB - We have recently shown that in the early autologous phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN) single nephron glomerular filtration rate is unchanged from values in normal hydropenic control rats, but that single nephron filtration fraction and efferent arteriolar oncotic pressure (piE) are reduced because of a marked reduction in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient. The present study was undertaken to examine the influence of this decline in piE as well as the other known determinants of peritubular capillary fluid exchange on absolute proximal fluid reabsorption (APR) in NSN. The findings indicate that APR and proximal fractional reabsorption are reduced significantly in NSN, relative to values in a separate group of age and weight-matched normal hydropenic control rats studied concurrently. In addition to the measured decline in piE, efferent arteriolar plasma flow (Qe) and peritubular capillary hydraulic pressure (Pc) were found to increase significantly, while interstitial oncotic pressure, estimated from hilar lymph, was not significantly different from values in control rats. Using a mathematical model of peritubular capillary fluid uptake we found that, assuming that the capillary permeability-surface area product and interstitial hydraulic pressure are unchanged in NSN, the observed changes in piE and Pc are sufficient to offset the effect of the increase in QE, yielding a calculated reduction in APR of approximately 4 nl/min, in excellent agreement with the observed mean decline of 4.1 nl/min. These findings suggest that control of APR in NSN is mediated by the same factors that regulate APR under normal physiological conditions, namely, the imbalance of forces governing peritubular capillary uptake of isotonic reabsorbate. PMID- 1133178 TI - Estimation of thyroxine and triiodothyronine distribution and of the conversion rate of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in man. AB - Studies on peripheral metabolism of simultaneously administered 125-I-labeled L thyroxine ([125-I]T4) and 131-I labeled L-trilodothyronine ([131-I]T3) were performed in five normal subjects, in four patients with untreated hypothyroidism, and in 3 hypothyroid patients made euthyroid by the administration of T4. The fractional turnover rate (lambda 03) of thyroid hormones irreversibly leaving the site of degradation and the volumes of pool 1 (serum V1) of pool (interstitial fluid, V2), and of pool 3 (all tissues, V3)were obtained by using a three-compartment analysis. In addition to the turnover studies, the ratios for the in vivo T4 to T3 conversion were determined by paper chromatographic study in sera obtained 4, 7, and 10 daysafter the injection. The rate (K12) of the extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 was also estimated by the compartment analysis. The T3 distribution volume (V3) of pool 3, in which T3 is utilized and degraded, was about 60% of totaldistribution volume (V=V1+V2+V3) in normal subjects, whereas only about 25% of the extrathyroidal T4 pool was in the intracellular compartment, indicating that T3 is predominantly an intracellular hormone.. PMID- 1133180 TI - Psychiatric specialty choice among medical students. PMID- 1133179 TI - Effect of ketone infusions on amino acid and nitrogen metabolism in man. AB - To evaluate the role of hyperketonemia in the hypoalaninemia and decreased protein catabolism of prolonged starvation, Na dl-beta-hydroxybutyrate was administered as a primed continuous 3-6-h infusion in nonobese subjects and in obese subjects in the postabsorptive state and after 3 days and 3-5 1/2 wk of starvation. An additional obese group received 12-h ketone infusions on 2 consecutive days after 5-10 wk of fasting. The ketone infusion in nonobese and obese subjects studied in the postabsorptive state resulted in total blood ketone acid levels of 1.1-1.2 mM, a 5-15 mg/100 ml decrease in plasma glucose, and unchanged levels of insulin, glucagon, lactate, and pyruvate. Plasma alanine fell by 21% (P smaller than 0.001) in 3 h. In contrast, other amino acids were stable or varied by less than 10%. Infusions lasting 6 h reduced plasma alanine by 37%, reaching levels comparable to those observed in prolonged starvation. Equimolar infusions of NaC1 and/or administration of NaHCO3 failed to alter plasma alanine levels. During prolonged fasting, plasma alanine, which had fallen by 40% below prefast levels, fell an additional 30% in response to the ketone infusion. In association with repeated prolonged (12 h) infusions in subjects fasted 5-10 wk, urinary nitrogen excretion fell by 30%, returning to base line after cessation of theinfusions and paralleling the changes in plasma alanine. Ketone infusins resulted in two- to fourfold greater increments in blood ketone acids in fasted as compared to postabsorptive subjects. It is concluded that increased blood ketone acid levels induced by infusions of Na DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate result in hypoalaninemia and in nitrogen conservation in starvation. These data suggest that hyperketonemia may be a contributory factor in the decreased availability or circulating alanine and reduction in protein catabolism characteristic of prolonged fastings9 PMID- 1133181 TI - The nonpsychotic personality disturbances: a reevaluation and reclassification. PMID- 1133182 TI - Requiescat for the state hospital. PMID- 1133183 TI - Effects of affective stimuli mode on eye-blink rate and anxiety. PMID- 1133184 TI - Personality profiles of persons convicted of indecent exposure. PMID- 1133185 TI - A comparison of the frequency components of the EEGs of lobotomized and control ss: a quantitative approach. PMID- 1133186 TI - Differential diagnosis imbalance as a race-related phenomenon. PMID- 1133187 TI - Cross-validation of an MMPI scale of differential diagnosis of brain damage from schizophrenia. PMID- 1133188 TI - The use of the MMPI (Mini-Mult) to predict alcoholics response to a behavioral treatment program. PMID- 1133189 TI - Effects of response set and psychological knowledge on answers to the Personal Orientation Inventory. PMID- 1133190 TI - Correspondence of the MMPI and Mini-Mult with psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 1133191 TI - Cross-validation of self-report measures of depression among normal populations of Japanese, Chinese, and Caucasian ancestry. PMID- 1133192 TI - Self-actualization and the act of volunteering: further evidence for the construct validity of the personal orientation inventory. PMID- 1133193 TI - Recalled parental behavior, sex roles and socialization. PMID- 1133194 TI - Abbreviated MMPI booklet forms: the 300- and 366-item scales with K-correction. PMID- 1133195 TI - Untangling the structure of Machiavellianism. PMID- 1133196 TI - Schizotype and the Wechsler Digit Span Test. PMID- 1133197 TI - Intellectual changes after closed head injury. PMID- 1133198 TI - The Henmon-Nelson, Cardall-Miles, Slosson and Quick tests as predictors of Wais IQ-1. PMID- 1133199 TI - The use of the expectancy-reality discrepancy to predict patient improvement. PMID- 1133200 TI - Inter-hospital cross-validation of irregular discharge patterns for young vs. old psychiatric patients. PMID- 1133201 TI - Cognitive and perceptual effects of long-range L-dopa therapy in Parkinsonism. PMID- 1133202 TI - Hope as a psychiatric variable. PMID- 1133203 TI - Purpose in life and social attitudes in psychiatric patients. PMID- 1133204 TI - Affect contagion in beginning psychotherapists. PMID- 1133206 TI - Some evidence relevant to Kagan's comments on the clinical interpretation of the Bender-Gestalt. PMID- 1133205 TI - An investigation into the possibility of irreversible central nervous system damage as a result of long-term chlorpromazine medication. PMID- 1133207 TI - Assessment of brain damage by means of two weighted HIT variables. PMID- 1133208 TI - Effects of outcome expectancy and timing of self-monitoring on cigarette smoking. PMID- 1133209 TI - Perceptual differentiation and defense mechanisms in alcoholics. PMID- 1133210 TI - Shifts in component factors of locus of control as a function of treatment in male alcoholics. PMID- 1133211 TI - Relationship between locus of control and defensive style among alcoholics. PMID- 1133212 TI - Correlates of perceptual field orientation in alcoholics. PMID- 1133213 TI - Perceived consequences of addiction: a comparison between alcoholics and heroin addicted patients. PMID- 1133214 TI - The persistence of communications skills for undergraduate and graduate trainees. PMID- 1133215 TI - Editorial: People are problems. PMID- 1133216 TI - Future shock: drug therapy and the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. PMID- 1133217 TI - Chloramphenicol-containing drugs. A report from Spain. AB - The composition of 185 Spanish compounds containing chloramphenicol, along with the information supplied in ther package inserts, were studied. Only 11 of these compounds contained chloramphenicol alone, this antibiotic being associated with other chemotherapeutic agents and/or other drugs in the remainder. Indications listed in the leaflet largely went beyond the limits of the medically established uses of chloramphenicol, and information concerning side effects, contraindications, or precautions was scanty and in some instances even confusing. A change in the availability of drug combinations containing chloramphenicol and an improvement of the information accompanying them is urged. PMID- 1133218 TI - Effect of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and procaine on hemorrhage induced by rattlesnake venom. AB - Nineteen compounds and seven combinations of compounds were tested for their ability to neutralize the hemorrhagic activity of Crotalus atrox venom in vitro and in vivo. Two compounds and four combinations were effective in reducing hemorrhage in an in vivo test in which the venom was injected before injection of compounds. DTPA plus procaine HCl was the most effective combination and reduced hemorrhage when injected 1, 5, or 15 minutes after injection of venom. DTPA procaine reduced hemorrhage induced by injection of C. atrox venom into dogs as well as mice. DTPA in combination with procaine did not reduce myonecrosis or lethality resulting from injection of venom into mice, but it could be used in conjunction with antivenin to treat local tissue damage resulting from rattlesnake venom poisoning. PMID- 1133219 TI - Pharmacokinetics of creatinine in man and its implications in the monitoring of renal function and in dosage regimen modifications in patients with renal insufficiency. AB - A single-compartment model is proposed to describe the pharmacokinetics of creatinine in man. Based on the information from the literature, it was estimated that the average biological half-life of creatinine in normal male adults between 20 to 39 years old is 3.85 hours. This half-life is prolonged in renal patients and becomes 77 hours when renal function decreases to 5 per cent of normal. Based on pharmacokinetic analysis, it was also shown that the time required to reach a new steady-state serum creatinine level after onset of renal failure is highly dependent upon the degree of renal insufficiency. For example, for the subjects analyzed in this paper, it was estimated that it will take 1.1, 2.5, 6.7, and 13.4 days to reach 95 per cent of the steady-state levels when the renal function drops to 50, 25, 10, and 5 per cent of the normal capacity. The model analysis also predicts that from a practical point of view the daily fluctuation in serum level in patients with better than 25 per cent of normal renal function is not very significant. On the other hand, the fluctuation in the early stage of severe renal failure is predicted to be very dramatic. The analysis also predicts that the serum level will decrease to a normal or near normal value within two days after improvement of renal function from moderately to severely impaired state. The data obtained from an anuric patient seems to support the validity of the pharmacokinetic approach used in this study. The implications of the above pharmacokinetic analyses for the monitoring of renal function and dosage regimen modifications in patients with renal insufficiency were discussed. PMID- 1133220 TI - Intense surveillance of adverse drug reactions. An analysis of 338 patients. AB - A prospective study of adverse drug reactions was recently completed at the Clinical Pharmacology Unit of J. J. Group of Hospitals. 338 patients were included in this study, and adverse reactions were noted by a team of workers including a nurse and a physician. World Health Organization definitions were used to describe adverse reactions. A total of 20 per cent of the patients showed adverse reactions to drugs. There was no difference with regard to age, occupation, or religion of the patients. Reaction was more common in the undernourished and also with a larger number of drugs or longer duration of stay in the hospital. The common reactions were neurologic, gastrointestinal, and allergic. Significant information is obtained by analysis of the percentage reaction in patients receiving drugs and the percentage of reactions per doses administered. It is confirmed that short-term intense surveillance programs are capable of providing useful data on incidence and types of adverse drug reactions. PMID- 1133221 TI - Pharmacokinetics of phenformin in man. AB - Phenformin was assayed in urine, plasma, and sputum specimens, obtained from two healthy volunteers during the four-day period following oral administration of a single therapeutic dose. Approximately one third of the drug was excreted unchanged in the urine. Phenformin profiles were obtained for urinary excretion rates and for plasma and saliva concentrations. The terminal exponential declines indicate a half-life of approximately 11 hours. At 37 degrees C, plasma bound 19 per cent of added phenformin. PMID- 1133223 TI - Neural intersegmental connection in the spinal root and ganglion region of the rat. AB - A study has been made of the macroscopic, microscopic and electron-microscopical appearance of intersegmental neural connections in the rat. Macroscopically, spinal roots and ganglia of adjacent segments were frequently observed to be linked by discrete, slender strands, mainly in the lumbosacral region where the roots are long. When examined under the light microscope, even the smallest was found to contain as many as 72 myelinated fibres with a range of diameters between 1.5-14 mu-m. The were commonly accompanied by blood vessels. Connections, when present, contributed to as much as 6-28% of the total number of myelinated axons in dorsal roots. Under the electron microscope, links between dorsal roots, or between dorsal roots and adjacent ganglia, contained unmyelinated fibres comparable in numbers to those found in the dorsal roots themselves. In links between ventral roots and ganglia the numbers of unmyelinated fibres proportionally exceeded those found in ventral roots. The presence of these connections may account for the reported finding of undamaged nerve fibres in the dorsal roots after dorsal root sectioning or ganglionectomy and in the ventral roots after ventral root sectioning. PMID- 1133222 TI - Comparative psychotropic effects of metoclopramide and prochlorperazine in normal subjects. PMID- 1133224 TI - The distribution of the olfactory tracts in the bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus. AB - Using degeneration staining methods, central projections of the olfactory tracts in the bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus were studied. Seporate lesions were made of the lateral and medial olfactory tracts in an attempt to separate their zones of projection. Three major terminal fields were found: lateral, medial and central-posterior complex. Two additional minor projections were seen: interbulbar and hypothalamic. The lateral division of the olfactory tract terminates in lateral, central and hypothalamic terminal fields. The medial tract projects to lateral, meedial, posterior and hypothalamic fields. All terminal fields were found bilaterally; the lateral tract partly crossing in both the anterior commissure. A small intellbulbar commissure was also found to contain medial tract fibers. Evidence is given to show that the anterior olfactory nucleus, if present in catfish, may be located within the olfactory bulb itself. Similarities between mammalian and teleost olfactory systems are also discussed. PMID- 1133225 TI - Intensity and pattern discrimination after lesions of the pretectal complex, accessory optic nucleus and ventral geniculate in pigeons. AB - Pigeons were trained to discriminate between pairs of visual stimuli that differed in intensity or pattern. After completion of training, bilateral, stereotaxic lesions were made in various cell groups in the mesencephalon and diencephalon that receive terminals of the optic tract. The target regions were nucleus ectomamillaris (accessory optic nucleus), nucleus lentiformis mesencephali and area pretectalis (prectal complex) and the nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars ventralis (ventral geniculate). In some cases, combined lesions of nucleus lentiformis mesencephali and area pretectalis were made. Lesions of nucleus ectomamillaris, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, area pretectalis, or ventral geniculate did not produce major impairments of discrimination performance nor did combined lesions of nucleus lentiformis mesencephali and area pretectalis. A number of cases of intended destruction of the ventral geniculate also had extensive damage of the overlying nucleus rotundus. In several of these cases of combined destruction of nucleus rotundus and ventral geniculate, the previously reported discrimination deficits following nucleus rotundus lesions did not appear. In those cases in which the nucleus rotundus deficit was observed, the lesions were found to include the nucleus subpretectalis, which, like nucleus rotundus, receives tectofugal fibers via the brachium of the superior colliculus. The data of the ventral geniculate + rotundus cases and ventral geniculate + rotundus + subpretectalis cases suggest that sensory deficits following a lesion in a particular cell group may not necessarily indicate that the sensory information is processed in that cell group, but rather that the lesion had deprived other cell groups of the appropriate input necessary for their proper functioning. PMID- 1133226 TI - The differential projections of the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb in mammals. AB - Three species were studied, the rabbit, opossum and rat. Lesions of the main olfactory bulb caused terminal degeneration, assayed by the Fink-Heimer method, to occur in the ipsilateral olfactory tubercle, prepyriform cortex (including its periamygdaloid part), ventrolateral entorhinal area, and in anterior and posterolateral divisions of the cortical amygdaloid nucleus. The various parts of the ipsilateral anterior olfactory nucleus and the rostroventral end of the anterior continuation of the hippocampus (hippocampal rudiment) also received this projection. Lesions of the accessory olfactory bulb, which receives its sensory input from the vomeronasal (Jacobson's) organ, caused terminal degeneration to occur in the medial amygdaloid nucleus and in a posteromedial part of the cortical amygdaloid nucleus. This projection was conveyed by an accessory olfactory tract, which is accompanied in part of its course by a small nucleus, the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract. The accessory olfactory tract is initially a part of the lateral olfactory tract but becomes increasingly indivuated at more posterior levels. It parts company with the lateral olfactory tract at the rostral end of the amygdaloid region, and, in addition to distributing to the medio-cortical amygdaloid region, it enters the stria terminalis to terminate in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in a small region bearing cytoarchitectonic resemblance to the medial amygdaloid nucleus. The topographic segregation of the areas of termination of the olfactory and accessory olfactory (vomeronasal) projections is suggestive of a functional dichotomy in the organization of the olfactory system... PMID- 1133227 TI - Crossed pathways from the entorhinal area to the fascia dentata. I. Normal in rabbits. AB - The entorhinal area projects to the Ammon's horn and the fascia dentata by way of the medial and lateral perforant paths that originate in the medial and lateral part of that area, respectively. The two tracts terminate at different laminar levels in the molecular layers of the ipsilateral hippocampal regio inferior and fascia dentata. Using the Fink-Heimer technique, each of the perforant paths in the normal rabbit is now shown to innervate the antero-dorsal extremes of the Ammon's horn and fascia dentata in both hemispheres. The crossed and uncrossed components of each path innervate homotopic zones on each side. This bilateral innervation contrasts with the situation in the rat where only very weak crossed components exist. Degeneration particles in the fascia dentata contralateral to a lesion of the perforant paths diminish in number along the course of the fibers as they proceed away from the midline, but are traceable for several millimeters. Crossed fibers are shown to pass from one hemisphere into the other directly through the fused molecular layers of the fasciae dentatae. The bilateral innervation in the rabbit indicates that even though the axons of the perforant paths are highly specific with respect to the class of neuron and the dendritic segments upon which they form synapses, they apparently do no possess a mechanism by which they can distinguish between the receptive fields in the two hemispheres. It is concluded that during ontogeny the perforant path fibers from both sides most likely compete for available synaptic sites in the rostral part of their terminal fields and that their relative amounts in the two hemispheres is governed by spatial and temporal factors. PMID- 1133228 TI - Crossed pathways from the entorhinal area to the fascia dentata. II. Provokable in rats. AB - In the rat thhe perforant pathways from the entorhinal area normally innervate the fascia dentata only ipsilaterally. However, unilateral ablation of the entorhinal area (deentorhination) induces the formation of an anomalous crossed projection from the intact contralateral entorhinal area to the septal portion of the deafferented fascia dentata. After deentorhination of rats aged 1-30 days the organization of this projection was analyzed (a) by producing secondary lesions in the intact entorhinal area of perforant paths and observing the results anterograde degeneration with Fink-Heimer silver impregnation techniques, and (b) by staining with Timm's sulfide silver method whichmakes the terminal fields of afferent systems stand out in different tones of colors. Both methods showed the crossed entorhino-dentate projection to consist of two separable components. They were named the crossed medial perforant path and the crossed lateral perforant path, corresponding to their similarity in origin, dendritic localization of termination and Timm stainability to the ordinary, uncrossed medial and the lateral perforant pathways (MPP and LPP) which arise in the medial and lateral parts of the entorhinal cortex, respectively. Similarly induced crossed projections were demonstrated to the subcallosal continuation of fascia dentata, the fasciola cinerea. The heaviest terminal field of the crossed entorhino dentate projection which was found in the most rostral and medial parts of the deafferented fascia dentata correlated with a lack of expected aberrant extension into theMPP and LPP terminal zones of commissural and ipsilateral hippocampodentate fibers. In Fink-Heimer preparations there was little variation in the distribution of the aberrant crossed sustems over the range of ages studied although the chronic operations performed earliest postnatally (5 days) tended to produce the heaviest representation. This latter observation appeared consistent with changes in the Timm staining pattern of the deafferented fascia dentata, since with an increase in age at the primary lesion from 5 to 14 days there was no increase in the spread into the fascia dentata of Timm stainable axon ter minals from CA3, interpreted as a sign of fewer crossed entorhinal afferents succeeding in a presumable competition with the CA3-derived system for available terminal space. PMID- 1133229 TI - Distribution of ultrastructural tracers in crustacean axons. AB - Ruthenium red and horseradish peroxidase were used to compare the uptake of exogenous molecules into crayfish motor axons and their sheaths in severed and intact peripheral nerves. Both tracers penetrated the axonal sheath and were subsequently seen lining small vesicles and tubules in the axoplasm. Tracer appeared to enter the axon via pinocytotic vesicles. There were no perceptible quantitative or qualitative differences in ruthenium red uptake between intact and severed axons. However, counts of tracer-filled vesicles in axons exposed to peroxidase showed that at least three times as much tracer penetrated the severed as opposed to the intact axons. PMID- 1133230 TI - Genetically-associated variations in the development of reflex movements and synaptic junctions within an early reflex pathway of mouse spinal cord. AB - The embryonic development of reflex forelimb movements produced by cutaneous stimulation of the forepaw was examined in five inbred strains of the house mouse, Mus musculus. A quantitative electron microscopic study of synapse formation between the neurons that comprise the spinal cutaneous reflex arc was also carried out on specimens from three of the strains subjected to reflex testing. This investigation provides evidence that there is significant genetically-associated variability in the developmental timing of synapse formation within this disynaptic pathway and in the reflex behavior which it mediates. Specifically, it was found that C57BL/6J embryos had greater numbers of synaptic junctions in the reflex pathway at embryonic days 14-16, and they also showed reflex movements earlier than LP/J embryos. C57BL/6J embryos also showed a more rapid increase in the number of boutons during this embryonic period. CBA/CaJ embryos displayed a temporal pattern of development that differed from both C57BL/6J and LP/J. At E15, CBA/CaJ embryos were more similar to LP/J with regard to both reflex activity and synapse number, but by E16, CBA/CaJ values for both of these measures were more similar to C57BL/6J. On the basis of the data detailed in the text, we suggest that the strains differ in the following manner: C57BL/6J embryos develop boutons rapidly but appear to be relatively inefficient in the actual formation of synaptic junctions; CBA/CaJ embryos develop boutons at a slower rate than C57BL/6J but form synaptic junctions more efficiently; LP/J embryos develop boutons slowly and are also relatively inefficient in forming synaptic junctions. The genetic implications of--and some developmental processes which might be responsible for--the observed strain differences in the timing of synaptic development are discussed in the text. There was no detectable genetic variability of the basic sequence in which the neurons of the cutaneous reflex arc develop their synaptic connections. For all three strains examined, the data indicated that synaptic closure occurred in a retrograde sequence with respect to the direction that neurotransmission normally flows between the neurons of this pathway. This finding agrees with results obtained by other investigators from a number of diverse vertebrate species, and such a widespread lack of variability implies that a retrograde sequencing of synapse formation is involved in the development of specific neuronal connectivities. PMID- 1133231 TI - Surface fine structure of supraependymal elements and ependyma of hypothalamic third ventricle of mouse. AB - The ependymal surface of the hypothalamic third ventricle of the adult female and male mouse was examined with the scanning electron microscope. The material was dried with the critical point method. Supraependymal cells, exhibiting a variety of forms, lie among the cilia of the rostrodorsal two-thirds of the ventricle. The cell bodies are usually between 8 and 10 mu in diameter and have dividing pseudopodial processes which may be broad or narrow, flat or stout, smooth or varicosed. The textured surfaces of the cells seen in this material appear to have no cilia, microvilli or membraneous folds though they may have small bleb like protrusions. Some cells and adjacent cilia bear clusters of friable-looking material that may be secretory. In several female mice, mounds of debris, that could be degenerating cells or secretory material, were seen in intimate association with clusters of cells. The cells' processes extend over and through the surface of the mound. While some supraependymal cells may be neurons or glia, it is suggested that many of the cells seen may be morphological variants of one cell line, mononuclear phagocytes. Sausage-shaped structures at the end of long cilia-like stalks are described and their possible identity discussed. PMID- 1133232 TI - The representation of the visual field in the lateral geniculate nucleus of Macaca mulatta. AB - Microelectrode recording techniques were used to investigate the projection of the visual field into the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of Macaca mulatta. The data were used to construct charts plotting visual direction, designated in terms of azimuth and elevation, onto sections of the nucleus cut in coronal, sagittal and horizontal Horsley-Clarke planes. The projection of the horizontal meridian divides the LGN along its plane of symmetry into a medial-superior half having negative elevations and a lateral-inferior half having positive elevations. Elevations become more positive or negative with distance from this plane. Azimuths closest to the vertical meridian are located posteriorly, while the most peripheral azimuths are found at the anterior pole. Two families of surfaces representing visual directions of constant azimuth and elevation are described. Visual field zones of increasing eccentricity are represented serially along the posterior-anterior axis of the LGN, with the foveal area restricted to the posterior pole and the monocular crescent projecting to the anterior pole. The mapping is completely continuous across the horizontal meridian. The edges of the stacked cell laminae exposed around the periphery of the LGN form an oval band which receives the projection of the perimeter of the contralateral hemifield. The vertical meridian is represented by the posterior two-thirds of this band, while the periphery of the hemifield projects to the anterior third. The central visual field out to the optic disc is represented by six cell layers, while the rest of the binocular field projects to four layers only (2 parvocellular and 2 magnocellular). The monocular crescent is represented by one parvocellular and one magnocellular layer. Features associated with the projection column of the optic disc are integrated into the transition from six to four layers. Details of the receptive field topography in the vicinity of the optic disc discontinuities indicate that these gaps are produced by intralaminar mechanisms. The magnification factor (mm-3/steradian) increased monotonically from peripheral visual fields to the foveal center, varying over a range of three decades. This range is intermediate between those derived from data reported in the literature for the retina and the striate cortex. The ratio of LGN magnifications at any two angular eccentricities is a power function, with an exponent of 1.34, of the corresponding ratio of retinal ganglion cell densities. Similarly, the ratio of cortical magnifications (mm-2/steradian) at any two eccentricites is a power function, with an exponent of 1.35, of the corresponding ratio of LGN magnifications. PMID- 1133233 TI - The fine structure of pulse labeled (3-H-thymidine cells) in degenerating rat optic nerve. AB - The ultrastructure of pulse labeled (3-H-thymidine) cells in rat optic nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration is described. The study was limited to the first ten days after enucleation since cell proliferation during this interval is greater than in normal optic nerve (Skoff and Vaughn, '71). Approximately one third of the pulse labeled cells are astrocytes. The majority of the proliferating astrocytes are in a reactive state, having changed their normal fibrous appearance to one showing a paucity of filaments. Thirty percent of the pulsed cells can be classified as microglia. Only immature oligodendrocytes proliferate, and they account for less than 10% of the pulse labeled cells. About 30% of the labeled population are undifferentiated glial precursor cells. Electron microscopic autoradiographic data obtained from normal optic nerve and presented in this paper indicates that glial precursor cells which have divided shortly before enucleation continue to proliferate after it. The evidence suggest that recently formed glial precursor cells transform into phagocytes following enucleation. Less than 3% of the pulse labeled cells examined in this study are ultrastructurally similar to mononuclear leukocytes. The results of the present study together with previous studies of degenerating optic nerve indicate that most phagocytes in Wallerian degeneration are derived from proliferation of intrinsic glia rather than from an invasion of exogenous cells. PMID- 1133234 TI - Genetic mechanisms controlling the domestication of a wild house mouse population (Mus musculus L.). AB - A controlled reenactment of the domestication process provided information on the relative effects of natural selection, inbreeding, and habitat upon an originally wild house mouse population. Effects were assessed by testing offspring that were bred under either laboratory or simulated natural conditions, systematically inbred or outbred, and postnatally fostered in laboratory or simulated natural habitats. Ten generations of domestication failed to reveal any behavioral differences due to either natural selection or habitat on nine different behavioral tests. Inbreeding strongly reduced intermale aggression, partially reduced resistance to recapture by humans, but failed to affect any of the seven other behaviors. PMID- 1133235 TI - Interrelationship among multiunit activity of the midbrain reticular formation and lateral geniculate nucleus, thalamocortical arousal, and behavior in rats. AB - Analyses of multiunit activity of midbrain reticular formation (RF) and lateral geniculate nucleus (LG) revealed marked phasic covariation that conformed to characteristics of behavior. Movement patterns appeared to set the range within which RF activity and thalamocortical arousal (as reflected in LG activity) varied. In tests of spontaneous behavior, sensory stimulation, bar pressing for food, and conditioned emotional response. RF activity and thalamocortical arousal conformed to immediate properties of behavior apart from conditions giving rise to the behavior. Other analyses revealed close relationships between RF activity and visual evoked response, but only a general relationship to hippocampal slow wave rhythms. Our findings emphasize the necessity for refining psychological conceptualizations of arousal processes. PMID- 1133237 TI - Avoidance by rats of illumination with low power nonionizing electromagnetic energy. AB - Rats spent more time in the halves of shuttle boxes that were shielded from illumination by 1.2 GHz microwave energy than in the unshielded. In Experiment 1, rats avoided the energy when it was presented as 30-musec pulses with a pulse repetition rate of 100 pulses per second (pps). The average power density was about .6 mW/cm2, and the peak power density was about 200 mW/cm2. In Experiment 2, the energy was presented both continuously and in pulse-modulated form, i.e., .5-msec exponentially decaying pulses at a rate of 1,000 pps. The average power density of the continuous energy was 2.4 mW/cm2, and the average power density of the pulse-modulated energy was .2 mW/cm2. The peak power density of the modulated energy was 2.1 mW/cm2. The rats avoided the pulsed energy, but not the continuous energy. PMID- 1133236 TI - Effects of posterior parietal and frontal neocortical lesions in the squirrel monkey. AB - Brightness discrimination, three forms of a spatial pattern discrimination in which the essential cue and site of reinforcement were separated (SSP), delayed response, form discrimination, and three forms of a spatial pattern discrimination in which the essential cue and site of reinforcement were identical (ISP) were given, in the order mentioned, to two groups of squirrel monkeys with frontal lesions were impaired on delayed response, and those with parietal lesions were impaired on form and SSP discriminations. Neither group was impaired on brightness discrimination. The results confirm and extend previous findings by other investigators that the posterior parietal cortex of nonhuman primates is critically involved in visually guided spatial discriminations when the primary cue and the site of reinforcement are separated. PMID- 1133238 TI - [Catecholamines and myocardial contractile function in hypodynamia against a background of altered thyroid hormone balance]. PMID- 1133239 TI - [The stationarity principle in a leukemic population]. PMID- 1133241 TI - [Some ultrastructural characteristics of Crithidia oncopelti with varying sensitivity to olivomycin]. PMID- 1133240 TI - [Mechanism of the prolonged effect of diuretics on penicillin circulation in the body]. PMID- 1133242 TI - [Esterases in Mycobacterium album Sohngen 726]. PMID- 1133243 TI - [Study of the phosphorescence of various types of cells using the fluorescence microscope]. PMID- 1133244 TI - [RNA-polymerase activities of the nuclei and the brain activities of solubilized RNA-polymerases in different parts of the rat brain]. PMID- 1133245 TI - [New species of obligate thermophilic, nonsporulating bacteria of the genus Thermus]. PMID- 1133246 TI - Toward a taxonomy of inpatient treatment environments. PMID- 1133247 TI - Autonomic correlates of chronic schizophrenia: a reaction time paradigm. PMID- 1133248 TI - Registered criminality in families with children at high risk for schizophrenia. PMID- 1133249 TI - Schizophrenic performance when distractors are present: attentional deficit or differential task difficulty? PMID- 1133250 TI - Contextual influences on crossover in the reaction time performance of schizophrenics. PMID- 1133251 TI - Depressive affect: a test of behavioral hypotheses. PMID- 1133252 TI - Personality measures and evoked responses in chronic insomniacs. PMID- 1133253 TI - Predicting the frequency of dream recall. PMID- 1133254 TI - Individual differences and autonomic control: absorption, hypnotic susceptibility, and the unilateral control of skin temperature. PMID- 1133255 TI - Pain and dissociation in the cold pressor test: a study of hypnotic analgesia with "hidden reports" through automatic key pressing and automatic talking. PMID- 1133256 TI - Influence of a model characteristics on psychiatric inpatients interview anxiety. PMID- 1133257 TI - Mentally retarded residents as paraprofessionals in modifying mealtime behavior. PMID- 1133258 TI - "Addiction proneness" and personality in heroin addicts. PMID- 1133259 TI - Scaling loudness, noisiness, and annoyance of aircraft noise. PMID- 1133260 TI - Gold and Pumphrey revisited, again. PMID- 1133261 TI - Theoretical analysis of detection of monaural signals as a function of interaural noise correlation and signal frequency. PMID- 1133262 TI - Underwater frequency discrimination in the bottlenosed dolphin (1-140 kHz) and the human (1-8 kHz). PMID- 1133263 TI - Speech reception with low-frequency speech energy. PMID- 1133264 TI - Ultrasonic absorption in aqueous solutions of chondroitin sulfate. PMID- 1133265 TI - On the phase sensitivity of neurons of the cat's auditory system. PMID- 1133266 TI - Beat-like interaction between periodic wave forms. PMID- 1133267 TI - Sound production in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. PMID- 1133268 TI - Community noise monitoring by a tethered balloon. PMID- 1133269 TI - Metabolism of (+)-trans- and (+)-cis-resmethrin in rats. PMID- 1133270 TI - Halopyrethroids. II. A difluoropyrethroid. PMID- 1133271 TI - Effects of freeze-drying on residues of TDE, DDT, and endosulfan in tobacco. PMID- 1133272 TI - Quantitative determination of 4-methylimidazole as 1-acetyl derivative in caramel color by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 1133273 TI - Comparative nutritive value and amino acid content of different extractions of wheat. PMID- 1133274 TI - An investigation of N-substituted methionine derivatives for food supplementation. PMID- 1133275 TI - Identification of gamma-butenyl-(beta-propenyl) nitrosamine, the principal volatile nitrosamine formed in the nitrosation of spermidine of spermine. PMID- 1133276 TI - Reduced binding of nitric oxide in irradiated horse heart myoglobin. PMID- 1133277 TI - Determination of trace metals in foods using chelating ion exchange concentration. PMID- 1133278 TI - Isolation and identification of acidic oligopeptides occurring in a flavor potentiating fraction from a fish protein hydrolysate. PMID- 1133279 TI - Chemicals related to the gypsy moth sex pheromone as attractants and as synergists or inhibitors of the pheromone. PMID- 1133280 TI - Insecticide residues in cigarette smoke. Transfer and fate in rats. PMID- 1133281 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of sencor (metribuzin) and its major metabolites and photoproduct. PMID- 1133282 TI - Degradation of alachlor by a soil fungus, Chaetomium globosum. PMID- 1133283 TI - Residues in crops irrigated with water containing trichloroacetic acid. PMID- 1133284 TI - Bacterial metabolism of 1-naphthol. PMID- 1133285 TI - Metabolic dechlorination of toxaphene in rats. PMID- 1133286 TI - Effects of lipoperoxides on proteins in raw and processed peanuts. PMID- 1133287 TI - Interaction of peroxidizing methyl linoleate with some proteins and amino acids. PMID- 1133289 TI - Cytochrome P-450 optical difference spectra of insecticides. A comparative study. PMID- 1133288 TI - Dietary induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes by thermally oxidized fats. PMID- 1133290 TI - Direct estimation of lysine in corn meals by the ninhydrin color reaction. PMID- 1133291 TI - Corn protein subunits: molecular weights determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 1133292 TI - Effect of dietary carbohydrates and fats on inorganic iron absorption. PMID- 1133293 TI - Determination of four- and five-ring condensed hydrocarbons. I. Analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in yeast produced by growth on both n hydrocarbon and dextrose feeds. PMID- 1133294 TI - Determination of four- and five-ring condensed hydrocarbons. II. Analysis of polynuclear aromatic compounds in n-paraffin feed oil for yeast fermentation. PMID- 1133295 TI - A chemical assay for saxitoxin, the paralytic shellfish poison. PMID- 1133296 TI - The detection and quantitative determination of ipomeamarone in damaged sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas). PMID- 1133297 TI - Ammonium hydroxide treatment of aflatoxin B-1. Some chemical characteristics and biological effects. PMID- 1133298 TI - The metabolic fate of chlordimeform [N-(4-chloro-o-toly)-N', N' dimethylformamidine] in human embryonic lung cell cultures. PMID- 1133299 TI - Metabolism and effects of hexachlorobenzene on hepatic microsomal enzymes in the rat. PMID- 1133300 TI - Retention and excretion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by rats. PMID- 1133301 TI - Metabolic fate of clopidol after repeated oral administration to rabbits. PMID- 1133302 TI - Metabolism of siduron in kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). PMID- 1133303 TI - Metabolism studies with ethephon in cherry leaves.